Performance enhancement of sensors through surface processing

Techniques for modifying surfaces of electrodes are provided. An electrode surface can be processed by applying an abrasive material or chemical solution to or against the surface to modify the surface to reduce the amount of roughness on, and/or alter the shape of, the surface. The shape of the surface can be altered by rounding or doming the surface. During surface processing, flexible or compressible support material can be applied to the back of an abrasive material, such as sandpaper, to desirably distribute pressure from the support material to the sandpaper and/or mold the shape of the sandpaper to facilitate maintaining desirable contact by the sandpaper on electrode surfaces. With regard to a flexible circuit board on which electrodes are formed, a vacuum chuck component or a temporary abrasive can be used to hold the circuit board in a flat and stationary position during surface processing.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject disclosure relates generally to sensors, e.g., to sensitivity enhancement of sensors through surface processing.

BACKGROUND

Various types of sensors can be employed to sense various types of conditions. For example, a force sensing sensor can be utilized to sense, detect, or measure forces on the force sensing sensor or an associated component (e.g., a display screen, such as a touch display screen, and/or a trackpad) of or associated with a device (e.g., mobile phone, computer (e.g., laptop computer), electronic pad or tablet).

Sensors can be manufactured in a variety of ways. For instance, sensors can be manufactured for or on printed circuit boards, or can be manufactured as, or as part of, independent devices (e.g., a sensing membrane of a force sensing module of a sensor device).

The above-described description is merely intended to provide a contextual overview relating to sensors and is not intended to be exhaustive.

SUMMARY

The disclosed subject matter can comprise a method that can comprise forming an electrode. The method also can comprise modifying a surface of the electrode to at least one of reduce an amount of roughness of the surface of the electrode or alter a shape of the surface, wherein the amount of roughness is based at least in part on a number or a size of protrusions on the surface of the electrode.

The disclosed subject matter also can comprise a device that can include a sensor component. The sensor component can comprise an electrode component formed of a conductive material and comprising a surface. The sensor component also can comprise a conductor component configured to interface with the surface of the electrode component to facilitate sensing of a condition by the sensor component, wherein the surface of the electrode component is modified to at least one of reduce an amount of roughness of the surface of the electrode component or change a shape of the surface, wherein the amount of roughness is based at least in part on a number or a size of protrusions on the surface of the electrode component, and wherein the modification of the surface of the electrode component enhances the interfacing between the surface of the electrode component and the conductor component.

The disclosed subject matter further can comprise a system that can comprise a surface processor component configured to modify a surface of an electrode to at least one of reduce an amount of roughness of the surface of the electrode or change a shape of the surface, wherein the amount of roughness is based at least in part on a number or a size of protrusions on the surface of the electrode. The system also can include an operation management component configured to control the modification of the surface of the electrode, in accordance with a defined surface processing criterion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more embodiments are now described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which example embodiments are shown. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. However, the various embodiments can be practiced without these specific details.

Various types of sensors can be employed to sense various types of conditions. For example, a force sensing sensor can be utilized to sense, detect, or measure forces on the force sensing sensor or an associated component (e.g., a display screen, such as a touch display screen, and/or a trackpad) of or associated with a device (e.g., mobile phone, computer (e.g., laptop computer), electronic pad or tablet). Sensors can be manufactured in a variety of ways. For instance, sensors can be manufactured on printed circuit boards (PCBs), or can be manufactured as, or as part of, independent devices (e.g., a sensing membrane of a force sensing module of a sensor device).

Some manufacturing techniques for creating PCBs (e.g., a PCB comprising a sensor) and/or sensing membranes (e.g., force sensing membranes) can produce surfaces on the PCBs and/or sensing membranes that can have undesirable anomalies, rough areas, and/or foreign material that can interfere with contact with the sensor and result in undesirably lower sensitivity of the sensor, inaccurate or undesirable sensing by the sensor, and/or undesirable non-predictable results of the sensor when a PCB and/or sensing membrane (e.g., force sensing membrane) is employed in a device.

To that end, techniques for enhancing the operation and sensitivity of sensors, and enhanced sensor devices, are disclosed herein. The disclosed subject matter can comprise a sensor component that can be or comprise a sensor. The sensor can comprise an electrode component, a conductor component (e.g., a conductive layer) that can be associated with (e.g., situated over and in proximity to, or on) a top surface pad of the electrode component, and a membrane component (e.g., a flexible membrane) that can be associated with (e.g., attached to) the conductor component (e.g., on the side of the conductor component opposite the side of the conductor component associated with the electrode component).

The sensor component can be an independent sensor device or can be part of a PCB that can comprise one or more sensor components. For instance, a PCB can comprise a set of electrodes that can be formed on the PCB in a desired electrode pattern. Respective conductor components can be formed over and in proximity to, or on, the respective electrodes of the set of electrodes, and respective membrane components can be formed over or on, and/or attached to, the respective conductor components.

The sensor component can be any of a variety of different types of sensors. As some examples, the sensor component can be or comprise a force sensor that can sense or measure force on the sensor or an associated surface, a touch sensor that can sense or detect touching of the sensor or a surface (e.g., touch screen surface, trackpad surface) associated with the sensor, or a pressure sensor that can sense or measure pressure on the sensor or an associated surface. The sensor component can be or comprise, for example, a capacitive touch sensor or a piezoresistive touch sensor, and/or can be an interpolating or non-interpolating touch sensor.

To facilitate enhancing the performance of the sensor component, a surface (e.g., a top surface pad) of the electrode component of the sensor component can be processed to desirably modify the surface of the surface to smooth or polish the surface texture of the surface, remove any unwanted nodules, lips, and/or spikes, etc., that protrude from the surface, remove unwanted foreign material from the surface, correct or mitigate undesirable abnormalities on the surface, and/or reduce the roughness of the surface of the electrode component of the sensor component, in accordance with defined surface processing criteria. Additionally or alternatively, the surface of the electrode component also can be processed to desirably modify the surface of the electrode component to shape the surface to have a desired shape, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. For example, the surface of the electrode component can be processed to desirably modify the surface of the electrode component to change the surface from a rectangular or flat surface to a domed, rounded, or curved-shaped surface. One or more of these modifications (e.g., smooth, polish, or reduce roughness of the surface, modify shape of the surface, . . . ) of the surface of the electrode component can enhance (e.g., improve) the operation of the sensor component, including enhancing the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of the sensor component, as compared to typical manufactured sensors that have not undergone the surface processing described herein.

In certain embodiments, the processing of the surface of the electrode component of the sensor component can be performed using abrasive materials on the surface of the electrode component, wherein the abrasive materials can comprise, for example, sandpaper, diamond or other type of abrasive paste, or a polishing cloth having a desired amount of abrasiveness. With regard to a PCB that comprises a set of electrode components, a PCB often can have certain imperfections, such as bowing of the PCB surface and/or ripples or ridges on the surface of the PCB. As desired, to facilitate having an abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper) maintain desirable contact with the surfaces of the electrode components during processing of the electrode surfaces, a flexible and/or compressible support material can be applied to a back side (e.g., non-abrasive side) of the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper), and a force can be applied to the flexible and/or compressible support material and desirably distributed to the abrasive material, to facilitate enabling the abrasive material to be molded or shaped (e.g., contoured) to account for the imperfections in the PCB and desirably maintain contact with the electrode surfaces during processing of the electrode surfaces, as more fully described herein.

In other embodiments, the processing of the surface of the electrode component can be performed using chemical polishing and/or etching (e.g., copper or aluminum etching). A desired chemical solution (e.g., a desired acid type chemical) can be applied to the electrode surface to facilitate etching or polishing the electrode surface to reduce the amount of roughness of the electrode surface and/or shape (e.g., round) the electrode surface.

In some embodiments, a surface processor component can be employed to process the surface of the electrode component of the sensor component to desirably modify (e.g., smooth, polish, or reduce roughness of the surface, modify shape of the surface, . . . ) the surface of the electrode component, as described herein. The surface processor component can utilize the abrasive materials and/or the chemical materials, and respectively associated processes (e.g., sanding, abrasive, or abrasive polishing processes, chemical polishing or etching processes), to process the surface of the electrode component to modify the surface, as desired, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria.

There can be some PCBs, comprising a set of sensor components, wherein the PCB can be flexible. Consequently, it can be possible for the flexible PCB to move or deflect during processing of the surfaces of the electrode components of the sensor components on the PCB. The surface processor component can desirably and/or temporarily immobilize the PCB during the surface modification process to enable the surfaces of the electrode components of the sensor components to be desirably modified. For example, the surface processor component can employ a vacuum chuck component that can utilize a vacuum to hold the PCB in a desirably (e.g., suitably) flat and stationary position (e.g., a rigid or relatively rigid position) during the performance of the surface modification process on the surfaces of the electrode components by the surface processor component. As another example, the surface processor component can employ an adhesive (e.g., a temporary or removable adhesive) to temporarily adhere the PCB to a rigid and flat surface to hold the PCB in a desirably flat and stationary position during the performance of the surface modification process on the surfaces of the electrode components by the surface processor component.

In some embodiments, after the modification (e.g., smooth, polish, or reduce roughness of the surface, modify shape of the surface, . . . ) of the surface of the electrode component of the sensor component, the surface processor component can utilize a desired cleaner (e.g., cleaning material) or vacuum to clean the surface of the electrode component. For example, the surface processor component can employ a vacuum component to vacuum any remaining debris from the surface to clean the surface of the electrode component (e.g., to remove any remaining debris resulting from the surface modification or otherwise on the surface).

The disclosed subject matter (e.g., employing the surface processor component) can provide relatively low-cost techniques for addressing, correcting, and/or mitigating undesirable anomalies, rough areas, and/or foreign material on the surfaces of electrode components of sensor components formed on PCBs, and/or structuring the surface of an electrode component of a sensor component to enable the electrode component to have desirable (e.g., special) characteristics, such as, for example, desired doming, striations, improved flatness, and/or other desired characteristics that can enhance performance of the sensor component. This can result in increased sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of the sensor components, can reduce unit-to-unit variability of sensor components (e.g., can provide better uniformity and repeatability of sensors), and can reduce the cost of manufacturing of sensor components and PCBs.

Also, the surface modification techniques and processes of the disclosed subject matter, as described herein, can be applicable to and utilized on any, or at least virtually any, type of electrode pattern of electrodes on a PCB, including the electrode patterns described more fully herein.

These and other aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter will now be described with respect to the drawings.

FIG. 1illustrates a block diagram of an example, non-limiting sensor component100that can sense or detect conditions (e.g., in an environment associated with the sensor component), in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The sensor component100can comprise an electrode component102that can be a conductive component formed of a conductive material (e.g., copper, copper-based material). The electrode component102can be formed or placed on a base component (e.g., substrate component) (not shown inFIG. 1).

The sensor component100also can include a conductor component104(e.g., a conductive layer) that can be situated over and in proximity to, or on, the top surface (e.g., top surface pad) of the electrode component102. The conductor component104can be formed of a conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive material of the conductor component104can be a conductive ink, such as, for example, a carbon ink, a force sensing resistor (FSR) ink, or piezoresistive ink. In other embodiments, the conductive material of the conductor component104can be a conductive metal material.

The sensor component100further can comprise a membrane component106that can be formed or placed over and/or adhered to a top surface of the conductor component104. The membrane component106can be formed of a flexible material that can allow the membrane component106to move or deflect in response to a force being applied to the membrane component106, wherein movement or deflection in response to forces can be predictable, substantially consistent, and/or reproducible (e.g., a particular amount of force applied on the membrane component106can result in a particular amount of deflection each time the particular amount of force is applied). The flexible material can be or comprise a polymer or plastic material, for example. In some embodiments, the conductor component104and the membrane component106can be formed as a single and/or integrated component.

Generally, with regard to a force-sensing resistive type of sensor, in response to a force applied to the membrane component106, the movement or deflection of the membrane component106, which can result from the application of force to the membrane component106, can be detected by or impacted on the conductor component104and can alter the interaction or interfacing between the conductor component104and electrode component102to increase the amount of conductance and reduce the amount of resistance between the conductor component104and electrode component102. Generally, the greater the amount of force applied to the membrane component106, the greater the increase in the amount of conductance and the greater the reduction in the amount of resistance between the conductor component104and electrode component102. The amount of change in the conductance and/or the amount of change in the resistance can be detected or measured, and can correspond to (e.g., can be a function of) the amount of force being applied to the membrane component106. Thus, the amount of force being applied to the membrane component106can be determined based at least in part on (e.g., as a function of) the amount of change in the conductance and/or the amount of change in the resistance between the conductor component104and electrode component102.

The electrode component102, conductor component104, and membrane component106(and other components not shown inFIG. 1) can form a sensor100. The sensor component100can be an independent sensor device or can be part of a PCB that can comprise one or more sensor components. For instance, a PCB can comprise a set of electrode components (e.g., electrodes) that can be formed on the PCB in a desired electrode pattern. Respective conductor components can be formed over and in proximity to, or on, the respective electrode components of the set of electrode components, and respective membrane components can be formed over or on, and/or attached to, the respective conductor components.

The sensor component100can be any of a variety of different types of sensors. As some examples, the sensor component100can be or comprise a force sensor that can sense or measure force on the sensor or an associated surface, a touch sensor that can sense or detect touching of the sensor or a surface (e.g., touch screen surface, trackpad surface) associated with the sensor, or a pressure sensor that can sense or measure pressure on the sensor or an associated surface. The sensor component100can be or comprise, for example, a capacitive touch sensor or a piezoresistive touch sensor, and/or can be an interpolating or non-interpolating touch sensor.

During manufacture of the sensor component100, when the electrode component102(e.g., electrode) is initially formed, the surface110(e.g., top surface) of the electrode can be relatively rough and/or can have undesirable anomalies that can negatively affect the performance of the sensor component100. For example, the unprocessed top surface110of the electrode component102can have nodules, lips, and/or spikes, etc., that can protrude from the surface110, can have unwanted foreign material thereon, can have other undesirable abnormalities, and/or can otherwise be a relatively rough surface (e.g., can have a relatively rough texture). Such an unprocessed surface110, with the surface being relatively rough and/or having undesirable anomalies, can negatively impact the performance of the sensor, for example, by negatively impacting (e.g., reducing) the sensitivity of the sensor, negatively impacting (e.g., reducing) the accuracy of sensing or measuring by the sensor, and/or negatively impacting (e.g., reducing) the reliability of the sensor.

To facilitate enhancing the performance of the sensor component100, as part of the manufacture process to create the sensor component100, the surface110(e.g., the unprocessed top surface pad before surface modification) of the electrode component102of the sensor component100can be processed to desirably modify the surface110to create a processed surface108to smooth or polish the surface texture of the surface110, remove any unwanted nodules, lips, and/or spikes, etc., that protrude from the surface110, remove unwanted foreign material from the surface110, correct or mitigate undesirable abnormalities on the surface110, and/or reduce the roughness of the surface110of the electrode component102to create the processed surface108(e.g., as depicted by the processed surface108′ in the exploded view), in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. Additionally or alternatively, the surface110(e.g., an unprocessed top surface pad) of the electrode component102can be processed to desirably modify the surface110to shape the surface110to create a processed surface108that can have a desired shape (e.g., as illustrated by the processed surface108″ in the exploded view), in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. For example, the surface110can be processed to desirably modify the surface110to change the surface110from a rectangular or flat surface to a domed, rounded, or curved-shaped surface (e.g., processed surface108″), in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. One or more of these modifications (e.g., smooth, polish, or reduce roughness of the surface, modify shape of the surface, . . . ) of the surface110of the electrode component102to create the processed surface108can enhance (e.g., improve) the operation of the sensor component100, including enhancing the sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of the sensor component100, as compared to typical manufactured sensors that have not undergone the electrode surface processing and modification described herein. For example, the disclosed modifying of the surface110to create the processed surface108of the electrode component102can enhance operation of the force sensing module (e.g., the electrode component102, conductor component104, and/or membrane component106) of the sensor component100to increase the output signal (e.g., sensor signal) of the force sensing module and/or reduce the amount of electrical noise in the output signal (wherein the electrical noise can interfere with the sensor signal and sensor data therein).

It is to be appreciated and understood that, while the disclosed subject matter describes reducing the amount of roughness of a surface110of an electrode component102and/or altering a shape of the surface110, the disclosed subject matter is not so limited. In some embodiments, it can be desired to form striations (e.g., ridges, grooves, furrows, channels, or linear markings) and/or a pattern in or on the surface110of the electrode component102to create the processed surface108, and the techniques, processes, and components of the disclosed subject matter can be utilized to process the surface110to form the desired striations and/or pattern in or on the surface110to create the processed surface108of the electrode component102.

In some embodiments, the processing of the surface110of the electrode component102to create the processed surface108can be performed using an abrasive material on the surface110of the electrode component102. The abrasive material can comprise, for example, sandpaper, diamond or other type of abrasive paste, or a polishing cloth having a desired amount of abrasiveness. Different abrasive processing techniques or different abrasive materials can produce different results with regard to smoothing (e.g., reducing the roughness) of the surface110of the electrode component102and/or shaping of the surface110to create the processed surface108. For example, applying a higher amount of pressure while sanding the surface110can result, or at least likely can result (e.g., depending on other factors), in an increase in the rounding (e.g., doming) of the surface.

As another example, using a relatively softer material, such as a relatively more compliant or compressible material, on the backside of the abrasive material during application of the abrasive material to the surface110also can increase, or at least likely can result in an increase in, the rounding of the surface, as more fully described herein. For instance, a softer material, such as, for example, a material with a lower Young's modulus and/or a lower Poisson's ratio, which can translate to more compliant material and more compressible material, respectively, can increase, or at least can be likely to increase, the rounding of the surface. Conversely, using a relatively harder material, which is relatively less compliant or compressible, on the backside of the abrasive material during application of the abrasive material to the surface110can result, or can be likely to result, in relatively less rounding of the surface.

As still another example, applying a relatively lower amount of pressure while sanding the surface110can result, or at least likely can result (e.g., depending on other factors), in reducing the roughness of the electrode surface to smooth out the surface while resulting in no or a relatively small amount of rounding (e.g., doming) of the surface. As still another example, different types of sandpapers having different grits (e.g., higher grit, lower grit, . . . ) can result in different modifications of the surface110to create the processed surface108, wherein, for example, using a sandpaper having a finer grit on the surface110can produce, or likely can produce, a smoother processed surface108than if sandpaper having a coarser grit is used on the surface110. As still another example, applying a light pressure to the surface110, and/or applying such light pressure for a relatively short time to the surface110, can result, or at least is likely to result, in removing protruding nodules (e.g., significantly sized nodules) from the surface, while not significantly (e.g., relatively speaking) reducing the roughness of the surface or causing rounding (e.g., doming) of the surface.

In some embodiments, electrode components (e.g.,102) can be formed on a PCB. For instance, the electrode components (e.g.,102) can be formed on a substrate of the PCB, wherein the substrate can be formed of a desired material (e.g., desired non-conductive material, such as a dielectric material (e.g., FR-4)). In other embodiments, rather than forming electrodes on a PCB, electrode components (e.g.,102) can be formed on another type of substrate that can be, for example, a plastic, nonwoven, or cellulose-based material, wherein such other type of substrate can be rigid or can be relatively flexible.

A PCB (e.g., the substrate of the PCB) frequently can have certain imperfections, such as a bowing of the PCB and/or ripples or ridges on the surface of the PCB. Such imperfections can cause the PCB to not be suitably or completely flat when laid on another surface to process the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102). In some embodiments, to facilitate desirable contact with and processing (e.g., modifying) of the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) on a PCB, a flexible and/or compressible backing or support material can be applied to the back (e.g., non-abrasive side) of the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper). The flexible and/or compressible backing or support material can comprise, for example, a rubber or other polymer material, a foam material, or other type of flexible and/or compressible material. During processing of the electrode surfaces, instead of the force or pressure being applied directly to the back side of the abrasive material, the force or pressure can be applied directly to the flexible and/or compressible backing or support material, and the flexible and/or compressible backing or support material can desirably transfer or distribute that force or pressure to the back side of the abrasive material and/or can enable the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper) to be flexible with regard to its contact with the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) on the PCB. Such flexible and/or compressible backing or support material can enable the abrasive material to desirably contact, and maintain contact, with the surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB during the processing of the surfaces of the electrode components.

For instance, the flexible and/or compressible backing or support material can enable the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper) to be molded or shaped, or at least somewhat (e.g., partially) molded or shaped (e.g., contoured), to account for (e.g., to conform to) the imperfections of the PCB and maintain desirable contact with the surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB.

In some instances, the PCB can be a flexible PCB that can deflect or potentially deflect significantly during the processing of the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) on the PCB. Further, it can be desirable to hold the PCB stationary during the processing of the surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB.

In certain embodiments, a vacuum chuck component can be employed to hold the PCB in a desirably (e.g., suitably) flat and stationary position during the processing (e.g., modifying) of the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102). For instance, the PCB can be placed on a flat surface of the vacuum chuck component, wherein the flat surface can be associated with a vacuum (e.g., vacuum component) and can comprise holes, grooves, or other type of vacuum chuck surface that can enable the vacuum force from the vacuum to be applied to the bottom surface of the PCB (e.g., on the opposite side of the top surface where the electrode components are located) to hold the PCB in a desirably flat and stationary position during processing of the surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB.

In other embodiments, an adhesive material (e.g., a temporary adhesive) can be utilized to temporarily hold the PCB (e.g., flexible PCB) in a desirably (e.g., suitably) flat and stationary position during the processing (e.g., modifying) of the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102). For example, a desired adhesive material can be applied to the bottom surface of the PCB and/or to a flat surface (e.g., a flat surface of a surface component), and the bottom surface of the PCB can be placed on the flat surface, wherein the adhesive material can hold the PCB in a desirably flat and stationary position during the processing of the surfaces of the electrode components. After processing of the electrode surfaces, the PCB can be removed from the flat surface. In some embodiments, with regard to certain types of temporary adhesives, a deactivating material or process can be employed to deactivate or discontinue the adhesive properties of the adhesive material to enable the PCB to be removed from the flat surface.

It is to be appreciated and understood that, while various embodiments (e.g., embodiments relating to the backing or support material, vacuum chuck component, and adhesive material) have been described herein with regard to a PCB, the disclosed subject matter (e.g., the backing or support material, the vacuum chuck component, and the adhesive material) also can be utilized with regard to other types of substrates, such as those described herein, for example.

In certain embodiments, the processing of the surface110to create the processed surface108can be performed using chemical polishing and/or etching (e.g., copper or aluminum etching) using desired chemical materials, which can comprise, for example, acid type chemicals. Different chemical processing techniques (e.g., different chemical etching or polishing techniques) or different chemical materials can produce different results with regard to smoothing (e.g., reducing the roughness) of the surface110of the electrode component102and/or shaping of the surface110to create the processed surface108. As an example, performing a more aggressive copper (or aluminum) etching on the surface110can result, or at least can be likely to result, in a processed surface108that can have relatively more rounding (e.g., doming) than if a less aggressive copper (or aluminum) etching is performed on the surface110. As another example, performing a relatively more gentle copper (or aluminum) etching on the surface110can result, or at least can be likely to result, in a processed surface108that can have a reduced roughness without significant rounding of the processed surface108than if a less gentle (e.g., more aggressive) copper (or aluminum) etching is performed on the surface110.

Referring toFIG. 2(along withFIG. 1),FIG. 2depicts a block diagram of an example system200that can comprise a surface processor component that can process electrode surfaces of electrodes of sensor components to facilitate enhancing operation and performance of sensor components, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The system200can comprise a surface processor component202that can be utilized during the manufacturing process to manufacture sensor components, such as sensor component100.

The surface processor component202can perform (e.g., automatically perform) desired surface processes on the surfaces (e.g., top surface pads) of the electrode component102of the sensor component100to modify the surface110(e.g., unprocessed surfaces) to smooth the surface110of the electrode component102and/or shape (e.g., round) the surface110of the electrode component102to create the processed electrode surface108, which can enhance the operation and performance of the sensor component100, as more fully described herein. For instance, the surface processor component202can perform (e.g., automatically perform) the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., abrasive sanding, polishing, . . . ), and/or the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing), such as more fully described herein, to modify the surface110to reduce the amount of roughness of the surface110and/or to change the shape of the surface110(e.g., to produce a rounded profile of the top surface) of the electrode component102to produce the desirably processed electrode surface108(e.g., the desirably smooth and/or rounded surface), in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria.

In some embodiments, the surface processor component202can sense or measure (e.g., using a sensor(s)), and/or can determine (e.g., automatically determine), the roughness and/or shape of the surface of the electrode component102before, during, and/or after processing or modifying (e.g., initial or intermediate processing or modifying) of the surface of the electrode component102to determine the progress of the processing or modifying of the electrode surface, determine the level of roughness of the electrode surface, determine the level of roundness of the electrode surface, and/or determine whether the electrode surface has been processed or modified to satisfy the defined surface processing criteria (e.g., determine whether the electrode surface has been desirably (e.g., suitably, optimally, or acceptably) processed or modified, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria). During the surface processing, if (e.g., based on analysis of sensor data from the sensor(s)) the surface processor component202determines that the roughness of the electrode surface has not been sufficiently reduced and/or the electrode surface is not desirably shaped to satisfy the defined surface processing criteria, the surface processor component202can determine (e.g., automatically determine) that further processing of the electrode surface is to be performed and can continue processing the electrode surface to achieve the desired reduction in surface roughness and/or surface shaping of the electrode surface to satisfy the defined surface processing criteria. If the surface processor component202determines that the roughness of the electrode surface has been sufficiently reduced and/or the electrode surface has been desirably shaped to satisfy the defined surface processing criteria, the surface processor component202can determine (e.g., automatically determine) that the desired processed surface108has been achieved and can end surface processing of the electrode surface of the electrode component102.

During manufacture and processing of the electrode component102(e.g., if the electrode component102is formed on a PCB, such as, for example a flexible PCB), the surface processor component202also can employ a vacuum chuck component or an adhesive component (e.g., to apply a temporary adhesive to a PCB on which the electrode component102is formed) to hold or maintain the PCB in suitably flat and stationary position to facilitate the processing (e.g., modifying) of the surface of the electrode component102(and/or other surfaces of other electrode components on the PCB) by the surface processor component202, as more fully described herein.

In other embodiments, the surface processor component202can utilize a suitably flexible and/or compressible support material (e.g., rubber or foam material) that can be applied to the back side of an abrasive material, such as sandpaper, during processing of the electrode surface (e.g.,110) using the abrasive material. The surface processor component202can apply a desired (e.g., suitable) force to the flexible and/or compressible support material, which can desirably distribute or transfer all or a portion of the force to the abrasive material, and/or can facilitate the molding or shaping of the sandpaper to enable the sandpaper to maintain desirable contact with the electrode surface (e.g.,110) (and/or other electrode surfaces of other electrode components on the PCB) during surface processing of the electrode surface (and/or the other electrode surfaces), as more fully described herein.

Once the electrode surface is suitably processed to achieve the processed surface108, the manufacturing of the sensor component100(and/or other sensor components on the PCB) can continue. This can include, for example, forming, placing, or constructing a conductor component104(e.g., conductive layer) that can be on or in proximity to the processed surface108of the electrode component102and/or a membrane component106(e.g., flexible membrane) that can be formed on (or integrated with) the conductor component104, as more fully described herein.

Other processing (e.g., pre-processing or post-processing) operations can be performed as well. For example, holes can be drilled in the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) to facilitate enabling electrical connections to be made to the electrode components via the holes. Planarizing of the electrode components or other components (e.g., on the PCB) can be performed, for example, to remove burrs or debris that may have formed on the PCB as a result of the drilling of the holes. Electroplating also can be performed to deposit a thin layer of conductive metal over desired portions of the PCB, which can include electrode components on the PCB, to facilitate creating other electrical connections between layers or components of the PCB. Generally, the surface processing of the electrode surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) can be performed after the drilling of the holes, planarizing, and/or electroplating is performed on the PCB, although the performance of the respective processing operations can vary, as desired.

In some embodiments, another electroplating process can be performed to deposit a thin layer of anti-corrosion (e.g., anti-oxidant) conductive material (e.g., gold, silver, nickel, . . . , and/or their alloys, and/or combinations thereof) onto the electrode components (e.g.,102). The surface processing (e.g., by the surface processor component202) of the surfaces (e.g.,110) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) can be performed prior to, or after, such other electroplating process is performed, as desired. If the surface processing is performed before such other electroplating process is performed, the processed surfaces (e.g.,108) of the electrode components (e.g.,102) on which the thin layer of anti-corrosion conductive material is electroplated or deposited will be desirably smooth and/or shaped, and the thin layer of anti-corrosion conductive material deposited on the processed surfaces (e.g.,108) generally will not significantly alter the level of smoothness and/or the shape of the processed surfaces (e.g.,108) with the additional thin layer thereon. If the surface processing is performed after such other electroplating process is performed, the surface processing of the electrode surfaces (e.g.,110) can result in a portion of the anti-corrosion conductive material being removed as the electrode surfaces are smoothed and/or shaped to produce processed surfaces (e.g.,108). However, there typically can remain a sufficient portion of the thin layer of anti-corrosion conductive material to enable the processed surfaces (e.g.,108) to enable the processed electrode surfaces to still be sufficiently resistant to corrosion or oxidation.

FIGS. 3-7depicts diagrams of example non-limiting electrode patterns of electrodes that can be formed on PCBs, wherein the electrodes can have the surfaces (e.g., top surfaces) of the electrodes processed (e.g., modified) to smooth and/or shape the surfaces, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The electrodes formed on these PCBs can be manufactured and processed in connection with manufacturing sensor components (e.g., sensors) comprising the electrodes. The electrodes formed on the PCBs, the channels formed between the electrodes on the PCBs, the holes formed in the electrodes, and/or other features of the PCBs can be formed using desired sensor fabrication techniques and processes.

FIG. 3presents a diagram of an example, non-limiting electrode pattern300comprising a set of electrode components that can be formed on the PCB in a diamond pattern, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The set of electrode components can comprise a plurality of electrode components, including, for example, electrode component302, electrode304, and electrode306, wherein the electrode components (e.g.,302,304,306, . . . ) can be formed on the PCB to have the respective electrode components formed in a diamond shape, or at least a substantially diamond shape, wherein channels (e.g.,308,310, . . . ) can be formed between the respective electrode components to facilitate creating the electrode components and creating non-conductive barriers (e.g., channels) between respective electrode components. The respective electrode components (e.g.,302,304,306, . . . ) can have respective holes (e.g.,312,314,316, . . . ) formed in them, wherein the respective holes (e.g., vias) can be utilized to make electrical connections with other components (e.g., wires, electronic components, . . . ) of the electronic circuit formed on the PCB. The diamond-shaped pattern of the electrodes of the electrode pattern300can facilitate creating a relatively compact set of electrode components on the PCB, as a portion (e.g., side portion) of a diamond-shaped electrode component can be situated in a space between two other diamond-shaped electrode components.

The surface processing techniques or processes (e.g., the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., sanding, abrasive polishing, . . . ), the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing)) described herein can be performed (e.g., by the surface processor component202) to process (e.g., modify) the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,302,304,306, . . . ) to smooth the surfaces of the electrode components and/or shape the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed surfaces on the electrode components, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully disclosed herein.

FIG. 4illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting electrode pattern400comprising a set of electrode components that can be formed on the PCB in a column and/or row-type pattern, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The set of electrode components can comprise a plurality of electrode components, including, for example, electrode component402, electrode404, and electrode406, wherein the electrode components (e.g.,402,404,406, . . . ) can be formed on the PCB to have the respective electrode components formed in relation to each other to form columns and/or rows of electrode components, wherein channels (e.g.,408,410, . . . ) can be formed between the respective electrode components and between other portions (e.g., other electrode components (e.g.,412) that do not have vias) of the PCB to facilitate creating the electrode components and creating non-conductive barriers (e g., channels) between respective electrode components of the PCB. The respective electrode components (e.g.,402,404,406, . . . ) can have respective holes (e.g.,414,416,418, . . . ) formed in them, wherein the respective holes (e.g., vias) can be utilized to make electrical connections with other components (e.g., wires, electronic components, . . . ) of the electronic circuit formed on the PCB.

The surface processing techniques or processes (e.g., the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., sanding, abrasive polishing, . . . ), the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing)) described herein can be performed (e.g., by the surface processor component202) to process (e.g., modify) the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,402,404,406, . . . ) to smooth (e.g., reduce the roughness) the surfaces of the electrode components and/or shape the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed surfaces on the electrode components, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully disclosed herein.

Referring briefly toFIG. 5,FIG. 5depicts a diagram of an example, non-limiting electrode pattern500comprising a set of electrode components that can be formed on the PCB in a different column and/or row-type pattern, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The set of electrode components can comprise a plurality of electrode components, including, for example, electrode component502, electrode504, and electrode506, wherein the electrode components (e.g.,502,504,506, . . . ) can be formed on the PCB to have the respective electrode components formed in relation to each other to form columns and/or rows of electrode components that can be separated by or situated in between other portions (e.g., other conductive portions, such as other (e.g., different) electrode components508,510, . . . ) of the PCB, wherein channels (e.g.,512,514, . . . ) can be formed between the respective electrode components and between the other portions (e.g., the other electrode components (e.g.,508,510, . . . )) of the PCB to facilitate creating the electrode components and creating non-conductive barriers (e.g., channels) between respective electrode components and/or between electrode components (e.g.,502,504,506, . . . ) and the other electrode components (e.g.,508,510, . . . ) of the PCB. The respective electrode components (e.g.,502,504,506, . . . ) can have respective holes (e.g.,516,518,520, . . . ) formed in them, wherein the respective holes (e.g., vias) can be utilized to make electrical connections with other components (e.g., wires, electronic components, . . . ) of the electronic circuit formed on the PCB. In some embodiments (e.g., as depicted inFIG. 5), the other electrode components (e.g.,508,510, . . . ) can be configured to not have holes formed therein and/or to be larger in size than the electrode components (e.g.,502,504,506, . . . ). However, in other embodiments, if and as desired, the other electrode components (e.g.,508,510, . . . ) can have holes formed in them and/or can be differently sized to be smaller than or the same size as the electrode components (e.g.,502,504,506, . . . ).

The surface processing techniques or processes (e.g., the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., sanding, abrasive polishing, . . . ), the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing)) described herein can be performed (e.g., by the surface processor component202) to process (e.g., modify) the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,502,504,506, . . . ) to smooth (e.g., reduce the roughness) the surfaces of the electrode components and/or shape the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed surfaces on the electrode components, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully disclosed herein.

Turning briefly toFIG. 6,FIG. 6illustrates a diagram of an example, non-limiting electrode pattern600comprising a set of electrode components that can be formed on the PCB in a column and/or row-type pattern and to be irregularly shaped, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The set of electrode components can comprise a plurality of electrode components, including, for example, electrode component602, electrode604, and electrode606, wherein the electrode components (e.g.,602,604,606, . . . ) can be formed on the PCB to have the respective electrode components formed in relation to each other to form columns and/or rows of electrode components that can be separated by or situated in between other portions (e.g., other irregularly shaped conductive portions, such as the other electrode components608,610, . . . ) of the PCB. The electrode components (e.g.,602,604,606, . . . ) can be formed to have an irregular shape. For example, as depicted, the electrode components (e.g.,602,604,606, . . . ) can be formed to have a bell-like shape, wherein an electrode component can have a wider portion that can be associated with (e.g., formed or integrated with) a semi-circular portion that can be more narrow in size (e.g., width) relative to the wider portion.

Channels (e.g.,612,614, . . . ) can be formed between the respective electrode components (e.g.,602,604,606, . . . ) and between the other conductive portions (e.g., the other irregularly shaped electrode components (e.g.,608,610, . . . )) of the PCB to facilitate creating the electrode components and creating non-conductive barriers (e.g., channels) between respective electrode components and/or between electrode components and the other conductive portions of the PCB. The respective electrode components (e.g.,602,604,606, . . . ) can have respective holes (e.g.,616,618,620, . . . ) formed in them, wherein the respective holes can be utilized to make electrical connections with other components (e.g., wires, electronic components, . . . ) of the electronic circuit formed on the PCB. In some embodiments (e.g., as depicted), the other electrode components (e.g.,608,610, . . . ) can be structured to not have holes formed in them, although in other embodiments, if and as desired, holes also can be formed in the other electrode components (e.g.,608,610, . . . ).

Similar toFIGS. 3-5, the surface processing techniques or processes (e.g., the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., sanding, abrasive polishing, . . . ), the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing)) described herein can be performed (e.g., by the surface processor component202) to process (e.g., modify) the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,602,604,606, . . . ) to smooth (e.g., reduce the roughness) the surfaces of the electrode components and/or shape (e.g., round out) the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed surfaces on the electrode components, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully disclosed herein.

FIG. 7presents a diagram of an example, non-limiting electrode pattern700comprising a set of electrode components that can be formed on the PCB in a staggered pattern, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The set of electrode components can comprise a plurality of electrode components, including, for example, electrode component702, electrode704, and electrode706, wherein the electrode components (e.g.,702,704,706, . . . ) can be formed on the PCB to have the respective electrode components formed in relation to each other to be in a staggered pattern, wherein a portion of the electrode components (e.g.,702,706) can extend from an underside or inside surface of a semi-circular portion708on one side of the PCB and another portion of the electrode components (e.g.,704) can extend from an underside or inside surface of another semi-circular portion710on the other side (e.g., opposite side) of the PCB, wherein, for example, the electrode component704can be situated between the electrode components702and706.

Channels (e.g.,712,714, . . . ) can be formed between the respective electrode components (e.g.,702,704,706, . . . ) and between the other conductive portions (e.g., the semi-circular portions (e.g.,708,710, . . . )) of the PCB to facilitate creating the electrode components and creating non-conductive barriers (e g., channels) between respective electrode components and/or between electrode components and the other conductive portions of the PCB. In some embodiments, the respective electrode components (e.g.,702,704,706, . . . ) can have respective holes (not shown inFIG. 7) formed in them, wherein the respective holes can be utilized to make electrical connections with other components (e.g., wires, electronic components, . . . ) of the electronic circuit formed on the PCB.

Similar toFIGS. 3-6, the surface processing techniques or processes (e.g., the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., sanding, abrasive polishing, . . . ), the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing)) described herein can be performed (e.g., by the surface processor component202) to process (e.g., modify) the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,702,704,706, . . . ) to smooth (e.g., reduce the roughness) the surfaces of the electrode components and/or shape (e.g., round out) the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed surfaces on the electrode components, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully disclosed herein.

FIG. 8depicts a block diagram of an example system800that can comprise a surface processor component that can employ a vacuum chuck component to facilitate retaining a PCB, comprising electrode components, in place during processing of electrode surfaces of the electrode components of sensor components to facilitate enhancing operation and performance of sensor components, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The system800can comprise a surface processor component802that can perform desired surface processes on the surfaces (e.g., top surface pads) of electrode components, such as electrode components804,806,808, and810, that are formed on a PCB812, wherein the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810) will be part of sensor components. The surface processor component802can perform the desired surface processes (e.g., surface smoothing process, surface rounding process) on the surfaces (e.g., top surface pads) of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810) to modify the respective surfaces (e.g., unprocessed surfaces) to smooth the surfaces and/or shape (e.g., round) the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed electrode surfaces that can enhance the operation and performance of the electrode components and, accordingly, the sensor components in which the electrode components will be employed. For instance, the surface processor component802can perform the abrasive processing techniques or processes (e.g., abrasive sanding, polishing, . . . ), and/or the chemical processing techniques or processes (e.g., chemical etching or polishing), such as described herein, to modify (e.g., smooth and/or round) the respective surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810), as more fully described herein.

In some instances, the PCB812can be a flexible PCB that can deflect significantly during the processing of the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810) on the PCB812. Further, it can be desirable to hold the PCB812stationary during the processing of the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810) on the PCB812.

To address and overcome these potential issues regarding a PCB812(e.g., flexible PCB) and associated electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810), and to facilitate further enhancing the processing of surfaces of the electrode components, in accordance with various embodiments, the surface processor component802can comprise or be associated with a vacuum chuck component814that can utilize vacuum air pressure to generate a suitable and sufficient downward holding force (e.g., a vacuum force) that can hold (e.g., retain) the PCB812suitably flat and stationary when the PCB812is placed on the vacuum chuck surface of the vacuum chuck component814and the vacuum chuck component814is activated to generate the vacuum.

The surface processor component802also can include a surface modification component816that can be employed to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810) on the PCB812, for example, when the PCB812is being retained in place by the vacuum chuck component814. For instance, the surface modification component816can utilize the desired surface processes (e.g., surface smoothing process, surface rounding process) on the surfaces (e.g., top surface pads) of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810) to modify the surfaces to smooth (e.g., reduce roughness of) the surfaces and/or shape (e.g., round) the surfaces of the electrode components to create the processed electrode surfaces on the electrode components. For example, the surface modification component816can use the abrasive and/or chemical techniques and processes, as described herein, to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810).

The surface processor component802also can comprise an operation management component818that can control operations (e.g., performance of operations) of the surface processor component802, including the respective operations of the respective components (e.g., surface modification component816and/or vacuum chuck component814) of the surface processor component802, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. The operation management component818can be associated with (e.g., communicatively connected to) the various components (e.g., surface modification component816and/or vacuum chuck component814) of the surface processor component802. The operation management component818can determine suitable instructions that are to be provided to the various components to have the various components perform desired operations, and can communicate respective suitable instructions to the respective components (e.g., surface modification component816and/or vacuum chuck component814) of the surface processor component802for execution by the respective components to perform the desired operations.

As an alternative to (or in addition to) using a vacuum chuck component814to hold a PCB812in a suitably flat and stationary position during processing of the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,804,806,808,810), the disclosed subject matter can employ adhesive processes (e.g., temporary adhesive processes) to hold a PCB (e.g., flexible PCB) in a suitably flat and stationary position during processing of the surfaces of the electrode components.FIG. 9illustrates a block diagram of an example system900that can comprise an adhesive component that can utilize adhesives (e.g., temporary adhesives) to facilitate retaining a PCB, comprising electrodes, in place during processing of electrode surfaces of the electrodes of sensor components to facilitate enhancing operation and performance of the electrodes and associated sensor components, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The system900can comprise a surface processor component902that can perform desired surface processes (e.g., surface smoothing process, surface rounding process) on the surfaces (e.g., top surface pads) of electrode components, such as electrode components904,906,908, and910, that are formed on a PCB912, to modify the respective electrode surfaces (e.g., unprocessed surfaces) to smooth the surfaces and/or shape (e.g., round) the surfaces of the electrode components to create processed electrode surfaces. as more fully described herein. This can enhance the operation and performance of the electrode components and, accordingly, the sensor components in which the electrode components will be employed.

In some embodiments, the surface processor component902can comprise or be associated with a surface component914, which can have a suitably flat and rigid surface and can be suitably large enough in size to lay one or more PCBs, such as PCB912, on its suitably flat surface. The surface component914can be formed of any of a variety of materials, including, for example, metal, polymer, fiberglass, and/or wood.

In certain embodiments, the surface processor component902can comprise or be associated with an adhesive component916that can apply an adhesive material (e.g., a temporary adhesive material) to the flat, rigid surface of the surface component914and/or to the bottom surface of the PCB912(e.g., flexible PCB) to temporarily adhere the PCB912to the flat, rigid surface of the surface component914when the PCB912is placed on the flat, rigid surface to hold the PCB912stationary and suitably flat on the flat, rigid surface of the surface component914. The adhesive component916can spray, spread, and/or otherwise deposit the adhesive material on the flat, rigid surface of the surface component914and/or to the bottom surface of the PCB912. The adhesive material can comprise, for example, various types of glues, elastomers, silicone-based adhesives, and/or pressure sensitive adhesive tapes or films.

The surface processor component902also can include a surface modification component918that can be employed to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) on the PCB912, as more fully described herein, for example, when the PCB912is being retained in place on the surface component914by the adhesive material applied by the adhesive component916. The surface processor component902also can comprise an operation management component920that can control operations (e.g., performance of operations) of the surface processor component902, including the respective operations of the respective components (e.g., surface modification component918, the surface component914, and/or the adhesive component916) of the surface processor component902, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully described herein.

In some embodiments, the PCB912can be relatively rigid (e.g., not flexible). However, the PCB912often can have certain imperfections, such as a certain amount of bowing of the PCB912, and/or ripples or ridges on the surface of the PCB912. This may cause the PCB912to not be suitably or completely flat when laid on another surface to process the electrode surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) and/or can potentially cause inconsistent (e.g., uneven) contact with the electrode surfaces and/or inconsistent processing of the electrode surfaces.

In some embodiments, to facilitate desirable contact with and processing (e.g., modifying) of the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) on the PCB912, the surface processor component902can comprise a support material component922, which can comprise a flexible and/or compressible support material, that can be applied to the back (e.g., non-abrasive side) of an abrasive material, such as sandpaper. The support material component922can comprise, for example, a rubber or other polymer material, a foam material, or other type of flexible and/or compressible material. The PCB912can be laid on the surface component914(e.g., without using temporary adhesive material, or using temporary adhesive material, as desired). During processing of the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) on the PCB912, instead of the force or pressure being applied directly to the back side of the abrasive material, the force or pressure can be applied directly to the support material component922, and the support material component922can desirably transfer or distribute that force or pressure, or a desired portion of the force or pressure, to the back side of the abrasive material, and/or can enable the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper) to be flexible with regard to its contact with the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) on the PCB912. The application of the flexible and/or compressible backing or support material of the support material component922to the back side of the abrasive material can enable the abrasive material to desirably contact, and maintain contact, with the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) on the PCB912during the processing of the surfaces of the electrode components. For instance, the flexible and/or compressible support material of the support material component922can enable the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper) to be molded or shaped, or at least somewhat (e.g., partially) molded or shaped (e.g., contoured), to account for (e.g., to conform to) the imperfections of the PCB912and maintain desirable contact with the surfaces of the electrode components (e.g.,904,906,908,910) on the PCB912.

FIG. 10illustrates a block diagram of an example surface processor component1000that can process surfaces of electrode components of sensor components to facilitate enhancing operation and performance of sensor components, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The surface processor component1000can comprise a surface modification component1002, which can include an abrasive processor component1004, a chemical processor component1006, and/or a surface shaper component1008. The surface processor component1000also can comprise an immobilizer component1010, a cleaner component1012, a support material component1014, and/or an operation management component1016.

The abrasive processor component1004can be employed to use one or more abrasive materials and abrasive processing techniques to perform one or more abrasive processes on the surfaces (e.g., top surface pads) of electrode components to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components to reduce the roughness and/or modify the shape of the surfaces of the electrode components, as more fully described herein. The abrasive processor component1004can utilize sandpaper of desired grit, diamond or other abrasive pastes, and/or abrasive polishing cloth, for example, on the surfaces of the electrode components to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components.

The chemical processor component1006can utilize one or more chemical materials or solutions, and chemical processing techniques, to perform one or more chemical processes on the surfaces of electrode components to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components to reduce the roughness and/or modify the shape of the electrode surfaces, as more fully described herein. The chemical processor component1006can perform chemical etching and/or chemical polishing on the electrode surfaces to process and modify the surfaces of the electrode components. The chemical etching can comprise, for example, copper or aluminum etching.

The surface shaper component1008can operate in conjunction with the abrasive processor component1004or chemical processor component1006to desirably shape the surfaces of the electrode components, including performing the desired amount of shaping (e.g., desired amount of rounding or doming) of the surfaces of the electrode components. For example, if and when desired, the surface shaper component1008can be employed to round all or a portion of the surface of an electrode component such that the surface can be rounded, wherein the edge regions of the electrode surface can be relatively lower in height than the height of the center region of the electrode surface (e.g., when viewing the profile of the electrode surface from the side of the electrode component.

The surface processor component1000optionally can include the immobilizer component1010, which can be utilized to immobilize (e.g., hold stationary) the PCB on which electrode components are formed to facilitate suitable processing (e.g., modifying) of the surfaces of the electrode components. The immobilizer component1010can comprise, for example, a vacuum chuck component, an adhesive component, and/or a surface component, as more fully described herein, to facilitate holding the PCB in a stationary position and/or to maintain the PCB in a desirably (e.g., suitably or substantially) flat position to facilitate desirable (e g., enhanced, optimal, or suitable) processing of the surfaces of the electrode components formed on the PCB.

The cleaner component1012can be employed to clean or polish the surface of the electrode component, for example, after the electrode surface has been processed (e.g., modified), to remove any debris that may remain on the electrode surface after it has been processed. The cleaner component1012can utilize any suitable cleaning solutions to clean or polish the electrode surface.

The support material component1014can comprise a flexible and/or compressible support material that can be applied to the back (e.g., non-abrasive side) of an abrasive material, such as sandpaper. The support material component1014can comprise, for example, a rubber or other polymer material, a foam material, or other type of flexible and/or compressible material. During processing of the surfaces of the electrode components on a PCB, a desired force or pressure can be applied directly to the support material component1014, and the support material component1014can desirably transfer or distribute that force or pressure, or a desired portion of the force or pressure, to the back side of the abrasive material, and/or can enable the abrasive material (e.g., sandpaper) to be flexible with regard to its contact with the surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB, to facilitate maintaining desirable (e.g., suitable) contact of the abrasive material with the surfaces of the electrode components, as more fully described herein.

The operation management component1016can control operations (e.g., performance of operations) of the surface processor component1000, including the respective operations of the respective components (e.g., the surface modification component1002, the immobilizer component1010, the cleaner component1012, and/or the support material component1014) of the surface processor component1000, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully described herein. The operation management component1016also can monitor, check, and/or measure (e.g., employing sensors) progress of the processing (e.g., modifying) of the surfaces of electrode components to facilitate determining whether the processing of the electrode surface(s) is suitable (e.g., optimal or acceptable) and/or completed, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. For example, the operation management component1016can sense or measure (e.g., using a sensor(s)) the roughness and/or shape of the electrode surface of an electrode component before, during, and/or after processing (e.g., initial processing or modifying) of the electrode surface to determine the progress of the processing of the electrode surface, determine the level of roughness of the electrode surface, determine the level of roundness of the electrode surface, and/or determine whether the electrode surface has been processed (e.g., modified) to satisfy the defined surface processing criteria (e.g., determine whether the electrode surface has been desirably (e.g., suitably, optimally, or acceptably) processed or modified, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria).

The surface processor component1000also can include a processor component1018and data store1020. The processor component1018can work in conjunction with the other components (e.g., the surface modification component1002, the immobilizer component1010, the cleaner component1012, the support material component1014, the operation management component1016, and/or the data store1020) to facilitate performing the various functions of the surface processor component1000. The processor component1018can employ one or more processors, microprocessors, or controllers that can process data, such as information relating to processing (e.g., modifying) electrode surfaces, parameters, policies, defined surface processing criteria, algorithms (e.g., defined surfacing processing algorithm(s)), protocols, interfaces, tools, and/or other information, to facilitate operation of the surface processor component1000, as more fully disclosed herein, and control data flow between the surface processor component1000and other components (e.g., communication device, device of the communication network, data sources, applications) associated with the surface processor component1000.

The data store1020can store data structures (e.g., user data, metadata), code structure(s) (e.g., modules, objects, hashes, classes, procedures) or instructions, information relating to processing (e.g., modifying) electrode surfaces, parameters, policies, defined surface processing criteria, algorithms (e.g., defined surface processing algorithm(s)), protocols, interfaces, tools, and/or other information, to facilitate controlling operations associated with the surface processor component1000. In an aspect, the processor component1018can be functionally coupled (e.g., through a memory bus) to the data store1020in order to store and retrieve information desired to operate and/or confer functionality, at least in part, to the surface modification component1002, the immobilizer component1010, the cleaner component1012, the support material component1014, the operation management component1016, and/or the data store1020, etc., and/or substantially any other operational aspects of the surface processor component1000.

FIG. 11presents diagrams of example graphs1100that can illustrate enhancement of performance of sensors with electrodes with surfaces processed (e.g., sanded) as described herein as compared to unprocessed electrode surfaces, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The example graphs1100can comprise graph1102that can depict sensor responses, as measured in counts (e.g., number of sensor responses), of a sensor, comprising an unprocessed electrode, as a function of probe force, as measured in grams. The example graphs1100also can comprise graph1104that can depict sensor responses, as measured in counts, of a sensor, comprising a processed electrode (e.g., electrode with a processed or modified (e.g., sanded) surface), as a function of probe force, as measured in grams. The counts can be the number of counts from an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). An ADC can convert an analog signal (e.g., which can be measured in volts) to a digital signal (e.g., which can be measured in counts). Therefore, the number of “counts” can represent the magnitude of the sensor response for any given sensing event.

As can readily be observed from the graph1102and the graph1104, the sensor response (as depicted in graph1104) of the sensor that has been enhanced by processing the surface of the electrode of the sensor is significantly better than the sensor response (as depicted in graph1102) of the sensor that contains the electrode with the unprocessed surface. For instance, the respective sensor responses (e.g., mean sensor response) at respective probe force levels for the sensor comprising the processed electrode can be significantly higher (e.g., significantly improved) than the sensor responses at respective probe force levels of the sensor containing the unprocessed electrode. Also, the sensor having the processed (e.g., sanded) electrode can have relatively fewer zero-response points than the sensor having the unprocessed electrode. For example, at a 5 gram (g) probe force, the sensor having the processed electrode can have a higher mean response and fewer zero-response points than the sensor having the unprocessed electrode, as illustrated at reference numerals1106and1108, respectively. As can be observed from the graphs1102and1104, the sensitivity of a sensor comprising a processed (e.g., sanded) electrode can be significantly improved over a sensor having an unprocessed electrode.

Turning toFIGS. 12 and 13,FIGS. 12 and 13depict respective diagrams of respective electrode-surface information1200and1300that can illustrate enhancement of a processed (e.g., sanded) electrode surface to facilitate reducing the amount of roughness of such electrode surface, using the disclosed techniques, as compared to an unprocessed electrode surface, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The electrode-surface information1200can relate to a processed (e.g., sanded) electrode that can be utilized in a sensor. This example electrode-surface information1200can relate to an electrode that has had its surface sanded using sandpaper having 2000 grit to facilitate reducing an amount of roughness of the electrode surface. The electrode-surface information1200can comprise a micrograph1202of the surface of a processed (e.g., sanded) electrode (e.g., at a 10 μm level), a 3-D image1204of the processed electrode surface (e.g., with the z-axis scaled by 5 times (5×)), and a graph1206of a line profile of the processed electrode surface that can illustrate the profile of the processed electrode surface in μm with respect to the z-axis and x-axis (e.g., to illustrate the relative smoothness (e.g., the reduction in roughness) of the processed electrode surface, as compared to the unprocessed electrode surface). The profile can be perpendicular to the sanding direction.

The electrode-surface information1300ofFIG. 13can include a micrograph1302of the surface of an unprocessed electrode (e.g., at a 10 μl level), a 3-D image1304of the unprocessed electrode surface (e.g., with the z-axis scaled by 5×), and a graph1306of a line profile of the unprocessed electrode surface that can illustrate the profile of the unprocessed electrode surface in μm with respect to the z-axis and x-axis. As can readily be observed by comparing micrograph1202to micrograph1302, 3-D image1204to 3-D image1304, and graph1206to graph1306, the processed surface of the processed electrode (e.g., associated with the electrode-surface information1200) is relatively and significantly smoother (e.g., enhanced, less rough), as compared to the unprocessed surface of the unprocessed electrode (e.g., associated with the electrode-surface information1300).

For example, Sxp(e.g., Sxp (p=2.5%)) is the extreme peak height, which measures the height of the highest protrusions on the electrode surface while remaining relatively robust against spurious peaks on the surface, and Sqis the root-mean-square surface roughness of the electrode surface (e.g., essentially the standard deviation of the surface height of the electrode surface). As can be observed from graph1206and graph1306, the extreme peak height, Sxp (p=2.5%), for the processed electrode surface is significantly lower (e.g., at 12 μm) than the extreme peak height of the unprocessed electrode surface (e.g., at 70 μm). Also, the root-mean-square surface roughness, Sq, of the processed electrode surface (e.g., at 0.07 μm) is significantly lower than the root-mean-square surface roughness of the unprocessed electrode surface (e.g., at 0.32 μm). Thus, it is clear that the processed electrode surface is smoother (e.g., less rough), has reduced peak heights, and has reduced deviation between higher points and lower points on the surface than the unprocessed electrode surface. As a result, in a sensor, the processed electrode can provide improved sensitivity, accuracy, reliability, and overall performance than the unprocessed electrode.

Referring toFIGS. 14 and 15,FIGS. 14 and 15present respective diagrams of respective electrode-surface information1400and1500that can illustrate enhancement of a processed (e.g., sanded and rounded) electrode surface that has been modified to be rounded, using the disclosed techniques, as compared to an unprocessed electrode surface, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The electrode-surface information1400can relate to a processed (e.g., sanded and rounded) electrode that can be utilized in a sensor. This example electrode-surface information1400can relate to an electrode that has had its surface sanded using sandpaper having 2000 grit to facilitate rounding the surface of the electrode and reducing an amount of roughness of the electrode surface. The electrode-surface information1400can comprise a micrograph1402of the surface of a processed (e.g., sanded and rounded) electrode (e.g., at a 100 μm level), a height map1404of the processed electrode surface (e.g., at a 100 μm level), and a graph1406of a line profile of the processed electrode surface that can illustrate the profile of the processed electrode surface in μm with respect to the z-axis and x-axis (e.g., to illustrate the relative rounding and the relative smoothness (e.g., the reduction in roughness) of the processed electrode surface, as compared to the unprocessed electrode surface). The profile can be perpendicular to the sanding direction.

The electrode-surface information1500ofFIG. 15can include a micrograph1502of the surface of an unprocessed electrode (e.g., at a 100 μm level), a height map1504of the unprocessed electrode surface (e.g., at a 100 μm level), and a graph1506of a line profile of the unprocessed electrode surface that can illustrate the profile of the unprocessed electrode surface in μm with respect to the z-axis and x-axis. As can readily be observed by comparing micrograph1402to micrograph1502, the height map1404to the height map1504, and the graph1406to the graph1506, the processed surface of the processed electrode (e.g., associated with the electrode-surface information1400) is relatively and significantly more rounded and smoother (e.g., enhanced, rounded, and less rough), as compared to the unprocessed surface of the unprocessed electrode (e.g., associated with the electrode-surface information1500).

For example, the height map1404for the processed electrode surface shows more consistent height levels on the electrode surface than the height levels presented in the height map1504for the unprocessed electrode, and thus, there is reduced roughness on the processed electrode surface as compared to the unprocessed electrode surface. Further, in the height map1404, it can be seen that there are height differences near the edges of the electrode surface, as compared to the center portion of the electrode surface, due to the rounding of the electrode surface. As another example, in the graph1406, the rounding of the electrode surface can be observed from the relative height data in the line profile, as the height of the processed electrode surface generally and noticeably decreases when proceeding from the center portion of the electrode surface to the edges of the electrode surface. Further, the graph data (e.g., height data) of graph1406, as compared to the graph data of graph1506, illustrates the reduction in roughness of the processed electrode surface as compared to the unprocessed electrode surface, as there is reduced deviation in heights between adjacent surface points on the processed electrode surface (e.g., when discounting the desired rounding of the electrode surface), as compared to the deviation in heights between adjacent surface points on the unprocessed electrode surface.

Turning briefly toFIGS. 16 and 17,FIGS. 16 and 17depict respective diagrams of respective electrode-surface information1600and1700that can illustrate enhancement of processed (e.g., sanded and rounded) electrode surfaces, using the disclosed techniques, as compared to an unprocessed electrode surface, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The electrode-surface information1600can relate to processed (e.g., sanded) electrodes that can be utilized in sensors. This example electrode-surface information1600can relate to electrodes that have had their surfaces sanded using sandpaper having 2000 grit to facilitate rounding the surfaces of the electrodes and reducing the amount of roughness of the electrode surfaces. The electrode-surface information1600can comprise a micrograph1602of the surfaces of processed (e.g., sanded) electrodes, a height map1604of processed electrode surfaces, and a graph1606of a line profile of the processed electrode surfaces that can illustrate the profile of the processed electrode surfaces in μm with respect to the z-axis and x-axis (e.g., to illustrate the relative rounding and the relative smoothness (e.g., the reduction in roughness) of the processed electrode surfaces, as compared to the unprocessed electrode surfaces). The profile can be perpendicular to the sanding direction.

The electrode-surface information1700ofFIG. 17can include a micrograph1502of the surfaces of an unprocessed electrodes, a height map1704of the unprocessed electrode surfaces, and a graph1706of a line profile of the unprocessed electrode surfaces that can illustrate the profile of the unprocessed electrode surfaces in μm with respect to the z-axis and x-axis. Similar to the results observed with regard to the electrode-surface information1400ofFIG. 14and the electrode-surface information1500ofFIG. 15, with regard toFIGS. 16 and 17, as can readily be observed by comparing micrograph1602to micrograph1702, the height map1604to the height map1704, and the graph1606to the graph1706, the processed surfaces of the processed electrodes (e.g., associated with the electrode-surface information1600) are relatively and significantly more rounded and smoother (e.g., enhanced, rounded, and less rough), as compared to the unprocessed surfaces of the unprocessed electrodes (e.g., associated with the electrode-surface information1700).

In view of the example systems and/or devices described herein, example methods that can be implemented in accordance with the disclosed subject matter can be further appreciated with reference to flowcharts inFIGS. 18-20. For purposes of simplicity of explanation, example methods disclosed herein are presented and described as a series of acts; however, it is to be understood and appreciated that the disclosed subject matter is not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, a method disclosed herein could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, interaction diagram(s) may represent methods in accordance with the disclosed subject matter when disparate entities enact disparate portions of the methods. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a method in accordance with the subject specification. It should be further appreciated that the methods disclosed throughout the subject specification are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting and transferring such methods to computers for execution by a processor or for storage in a memory.

FIG. 18illustrates an example, non-limiting method1800for processing (e.g., modifying) a surface of an electrode component of a sensor component, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The method1800can be implemented by a surface processor component and/or a processor component.

At1802, an electrode component can be formed. The processor component or surface processor component can form or facilitate forming the electrode component. The electrode component can be employed to be part of a sensor component. In some embodiments, the electrode component can be part of a set of electrode components formed on a PCB in connection with creating a set of sensor components.

At1804, a surface (e.g., top surface) of the electrode component can be processed by applying an abrasive or chemical material to or against the surface to modify the surface to reduce the amount of roughness on the surface and/or to alter the shape of (e.g., to desirably round) the surface, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. The surface processor component can process the surface of the electrode components by applying an abrasive material or chemical solution to or against the surface to modify the surface to reduce the amount of roughness on the surface and/or to alter the shape (e.g., to desirably round) the surface, as more fully described herein.

FIG. 19presents another example, non-limiting method1900for processing (e.g., modifying) a surface of an electrode component of a sensor component, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The method1900can be implemented by a surface processor component and/or a processor component.

At1902, forming electrode components (e.g., electrodes) on a PCB. The processor component or surface processor component can form or facilitate forming electrode components on a PCB. For example, a substrate can comprise a layer copper or other conductive material, and the processor component can form or facilitate forming the electrode components by etching away or otherwise removing portions (e g., channels or trenches) of the copper or conductive material to form a set of electrode components in a desired electrode pattern and/or other electronic components or connections, wherein channels or trenches formed by the removal of the conductive material can be non-conductive areas.

In some embodiments, holes can be drilled in the electrode components (e.g., in the top surface pads of the electrode components) to facilitate electrically connecting other electronic components to the electrode components. In certain embodiments, the surface of the PCB can be planarized, for example, to remove debris (e.g., burrs) that can or may be formed on the PCB due to the drilling of the holes. The processor also can perform or facilitate performing electroplating to electroplate or deposit a thin layer of conductive material (e.g., copper) on the electrode components to facilitate forming different electrical connections throughout different layers of the PCB, as desired. The top surfaces of the electrode components are generally flat before the electroplating and are generally flat after the electroplating.

At1904, the top surfaces of the electrode components can be processed (or at least processing can be initiated) by applying an abrasive material or chemical solution to or against the top surfaces to modify (or at least begin modifying) the top surfaces to reduce the amount of roughness on the top surfaces and/or to alter the shape of (e.g., to desirably round) the top surfaces, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. The surface processor component can process (or at least can begin processing) the top surfaces of the electrode components by applying an abrasive or chemical material to or against the top surfaces to modify (or at least begin modifying) the top surfaces to reduce the amount of roughness on the top surfaces and/or to alter the shape of the top surfaces, as more fully described herein.

At1906, the amount of roughness and/or amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components can be determined. The surface processor component can monitor, check, analyze, measure, and/or determine the amount of roughness and/or the amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components to facilitate determining whether the amount of roughness and/or the amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components is suitable (e.g., optimal or acceptable), in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria.

At1908, a determination can be made regarding whether the processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components is complete. The surface processor component can check, analyze, and/or measure the amount of roughness and/or the amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components to facilitate determining whether the processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components is complete (e.g., determining whether the amount of roughness and/or the amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components is suitable (e.g., satisfies the defined surface processing criteria), in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria).

If it is determined that the processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components is complete, at1910, processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components can discontinue (e.g., end). If the surface processor component determines that the amount of roughness and/or the amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components is suitable, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria, the surface processor component can determine that the processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components is complete, and can end (e.g., terminate, cease) processing of the top surfaces.

If, at1908, it is determined that the processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components is not complete, the method1900can return to reference numeral1904, wherein further processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components can be performed, and the method1900can proceed from that point, for example, until it is determined that the amount of roughness and/or the amount of shaping of the top surfaces of the electrode components is suitable, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria.

FIG. 20depicts an example, non-limiting method2000for retaining a PCB (e.g., a flexible or uneven PCB) in in a desired stationary and flat position to facilitate processing (e.g., modifying) a surface of an electrode component of a sensor component, in accordance with various aspects and embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. The method2000can be implemented by a surface processor component, a processor component, an immobilizer component, a vacuum chuck component, an adhesive component, and/or a surface component.

At2002, a PCB, comprising electrode components, can be retained in a suitably flat and stationary position on a flat surface, such as the flat surface of a vacuum chuck component (e.g., using a vacuum force), or a surface component comprising a suitably flat surface (e.g., using a temporary adhesive material). Some PCBs can be a flexible, which can cause the flexible PCB to undesirably move or deflect in response to processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components. Also, other PCBs, even if not readily flexible, can be somewhat uneven and/or can have certain imperfections, such as a certain amount of bowing of the PCB, and/or ripples or ridges on the surface of the PCB, which can cause the PCB to not be suitably or completely flat when laid on another surface to process the top surfaces of the electrode components. Such issues with regard to a flexible PCB board or a PCB with certain imperfections potentially can negatively impact processing of the top surfaces of the electrode components.

In accordance with various embodiments, the surface processor component or another component can employ a vacuum chuck component, or alternatively, an adhesive component and surface component, to retain the PCB in a suitably flat and stationary position on the flat surface of the vacuum chuck component or surface component. For instance, in some embodiments, the vacuum chuck component can apply a vacuum of suitable pressure to hold the PCB is a suitably flat and stationary position on the flat surface of the vacuum chuck component, as more fully described herein. In other embodiments, the adhesive component can apply an adhesive material (e.g., a temporary adhesive material) to the bottom surface of the PCB and/or the flat surface of the surface component, the PCB can be placed on the flat surface, and the adhesive material can hold the PCB in a suitably flat and stationary position on the flat surface of the surface component. In still other embodiments, with regard to PCBs that can or may have certain imperfections, a support material component, comprising flexible and/or compressible material, can be applied to the back side of abrasive material, such as sandpaper, to facilitate maintaining desirable contact with the electrode surfaces during processing of the electrode components, as more fully described herein.

At2004, the top surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB can be processed to modify the top surfaces to reduce the roughness and/or shape of the top surfaces, in accordance with the defined surface processing criteria. With the PCB retained in a suitably flat and stationary position on the flat surface, the surface processor component can process the top surfaces of the electrode components on the PCB to modify the top surfaces to reduce the roughness and/or shape of the top surfaces, in accordance with (e.g., to comply with or satisfy) the defined surface processing criteria, as more fully described herein.

Referring now toFIG. 21, illustrated is an example block diagram of an example computer2100operable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates processing surfaces of electrode components to modify the surfaces of the electrode components, and/or to manufacture sensor components comprising electrode components (and other components), according to one or more embodiments described herein. The computer2100can provide networking and communication capabilities between a wired or wireless communication network and a server (e.g., Microsoft server) and/or communication device. In order to provide additional context for various aspects thereof,FIG. 21and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented to facilitate the processing of surfaces of electrode components to modify the surfaces of the electrode components, and/or to manufacture sensor components. While the description above is in the general context of computer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

The illustrated aspects of the disclosed subject matter can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that can be linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

With reference toFIG. 21, implementing various aspects described herein with regards to the end-user device can include a computer2100, the computer2100including a processing unit2104, a system memory2106and a system bus2108. The system bus2108couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory2106to the processing unit2104. The processing unit2104can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi processor architectures can also be employed as the processing unit2104.

The system bus2108can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory2106includes read-only memory (ROM)2127and random access memory (RAM)2112. A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatile memory2127such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer2100, such as during start-up. The RAM2112can also include a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer2100further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)2114(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive2114can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD)2116, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette2118) and an optical disk drive2120, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk2122or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive2114, magnetic disk drive2116and optical disk drive2120can be connected to the system bus2108by a hard disk drive interface2124, a magnetic disk drive interface2126and an optical drive interface2128, respectively. The interface2124for external drive implementations includes at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the disclosed subject matter.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM2112, including an operating system2130, one or more application programs2132, other program modules2134and program data2136. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM2112. It is to be appreciated that the disclosed subject matter can be implemented with various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer2100through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard2138and a pointing device, such as a mouse2140. Other input devices (not shown) can include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit2104through an input device interface2142that is coupled to the system bus2108, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor2144or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus2108through an interface, such as a video adapter2146. In addition to the monitor2144, a computer2100typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer2100can operate in a networked environment using logical connections by wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s)2148. The remote computer(s)2148can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment device, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device2150is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN)2152and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN)2154. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer2100is connected to the local network2152through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter2156. The adapter2156can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN2152, which can also include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicating with the wireless adapter2156.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer2100can include a modem2158, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN2154, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN2154, such as by way of the Internet. The modem2158, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to the system bus2108through the input device interface2142. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer, or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device2150. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used.

One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components can communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software application or firmware application executed by one or more processors, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confer(s) at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. In an aspect, a component can emulate an electronic component via a virtual machine, e.g., within a cloud computing system. While various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from example embodiments.

In addition, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readable carrier, computer-readable media, machine-readable media, computer-readable (or machine-readable) storage/communication media. For example, computer-readable media can comprise, but are not limited to, a magnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magnetic strip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that emulates a storage device and/or any of the above computer-readable media. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments