Hot water dispenser system

A hot water supply system has a tank divided into a water heating chamber and a vented expansion chamber. A venturi orifice inlet is connected through a faucet valve to a cold water supply and the outlet of the orifice emits a high velocity jet at a negative pressure to cause water to be aspirated from the expansion chamber and mix with the supply water jet for pressurizing the heating chamber to cause hot water to be dispensed from the faucet spout, connected to the tank heating chamber, when the valve is opened. An air collection chamber receives the supply water jet stream which flows into the heating chamber until the expansion chamber is emptied of water for air to be aspirated into the collection chamber in which case the jet is disrupted and aspiration of air stops although the flow of water into and out of the heating tank can continue as long as the faucet valve remains open.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention disclosed herein pertains to a system wherein hot water is 
dispensed from a faucet substantially coincidentally with opening of the 
faucet. 
Systems for heating and dispensing hot water instantly are basically known. 
"Hot" as the term is used in this case means water at a temperature of 
about 190.degree. F. (88.degree. C.) or slightly higher but always below 
the boiling point. Water at this high temperature is usually made 
available at a dedicated faucet for individuals who need hot water to make 
instant coffee, tea or cocoa, for example. A typical preexisting system 
heats water in a relatively small capacity tank which is situated below 
the sink on which the faucet is mounted. The tank may have a capacity of 
1/3 or 1/2 gallons (1.3 or 1.9 liters). The tank is divided into two 
chambers, a main chamber in which water is heated electrically and an 
expansion chamber that is contiguous with the main chamber and into which 
water being heated in the main chamber is allowed to expand. The tank is 
vented to the atmosphere to preclude build up of pressure in the tank 
which is necessary because the tank usually has a thin wall which may even 
be a plastic material instead of metal. 
Every time hot water is drawn from the tank, due to opening of the faucet, 
it is necessary to withdraw the hot water from the expansion chamber of 
the tank to provide for expansion of the replenishment cold water that is 
supplied to the main tank chamber from the building water system. Cold 
supply water is fed into the tank and hot water is drawn out of the 
expansion chamber concurrently with opening of the faucet using a venturi 
aspirator. When the faucet is opened it does not control dispensing of the 
hot water directly but, instead, it supplies cold water at the bottom of 
the tank to thereby force hot water out at the top of the tank at a spout 
under moderate pressure. 
In hot water dispenser systems the venturi aspirator jet or orifice may be 
in the hot water feed out of the tank or the cold water feed into the 
tank, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. With the aspirator 
in the cold water supply the venturi jet orifice inlet is fed cold supply 
water when the valve in the faucet is opened. As a result, a fine high 
velocity venturi jet is emitted from the outlet of the orifice. As is 
characteristic of a venturi jet, as velocity of the jet stream increases 
the pressure of the stream or jet in the orifice becomes negative relative 
to the pressure of the water to which the lateral holes of the aspirator 
body is exposed. In this case the lateral holes communicate with the hot 
water in the expansion chamber of the tank so hot water for the expansion 
chamber and the cold supply water fed through the orifice are projected 
into the main chamber of the tank to thereby force hot water out of the 
tank to the faucet spout. Because most of the cold supply water line 
pressure is dropped across the venturi, the pressure of the water in the 
main chamber of the tank never can reach supply line pressure. This is 
advantageous since it makes possible a simpler and low pressure tank 
design. 
The problem with having the venturi in the cold water infeed to the venturi 
jet orifice is that in prior designs when the level of the water in the 
expansion tank drops to below the level of the side holes in the aspirator 
body, air is drawn through the tank vent line and the expansion chamber. 
When the aspirator injects air into the cold incoming jet stream water, 
the aerated water flows into the tank, causing mixing of hot and cold 
water which results in poor water delivery. The aerated water stream also 
results in air bubbles collecting in the tank, causing excessive spitting 
and sputtering as the water discharges from the spout of the faucet. 
It will be evident that a cold side aspirator system needs a means to 
accomplish aspiration of water from the expansion chamber of the tank but 
that also prevents aspiration of air to the extent that air begins to mix 
with the heated water. The most usual attempt to solve the air intake 
problem has been to use a float device that follows the water level in the 
expansion chamber and blocks the aspirator body side hole when the water 
level drops. Using a float device is not a satisfactory solution, however, 
because such devices use moving parts which are vulnerable to failure due 
to wear and clogging by mineral deposits from the water. 
In the alternatively available hot side system the cold supply line water 
is fed directly into the bottom region of the main chamber of the tank to 
pressurize the tank. In this case the pressure of the hot water in the 
main tank is applied to the infeed end of the venturi orifice to produce 
the jet and effect the negative pressure that is necessary to aspirate the 
hot water from the expansion chamber of the vented tank. As implied above, 
with the venturi in the hot side the tank must be designed to withstand 
water line pressure because when the faucet is operated and the valve in 
it is opened the cold replenishment water is fed directly from the 
building supply line through the valve into the tank. This increases the 
cost of the tank because of the high pressure withstand requirement. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An objective of the invention is to provide an instant hot water dispenser 
system which uses and preserves the advantages of having the venturi 
aspirator jet orifice connected to cold water supply line through a faucet 
valve so tank pressure is lower than supply line pressure and also 
prevents air from being injected into the heating chamber even when the 
expansion chamber is completely emptied of water by the aspirator without 
resorting to using any moving parts. 
According to the invention, cold side aspiration is employed. The aspirator 
body is positioned in a wall that separates the main hot water chamber of 
the tank from the contiguous expansion chamber above it. A tube leads from 
the faucet valve to provide supply water at building mains pressure to the 
infeed end of the venturi jet orifice whenever the faucet is operated to 
draw hot water from the faucet spout. The negative pressure developed by 
the resulting venturi jet relative to the expansion chamber causes 
aspiration of hot water from the expansion chamber so a jet stream mixture 
of hot and cold water is projected from the venture orifice. However, the 
water jet does not go directly into the main water heating chamber as it 
does under prior practice, but instead, according to the invention, it 
goes into and through a tubular air collection chamber that extends into 
the main water heating chamber of the tank. Now when the expansion chamber 
is emptied of water and air begins to be aspirated from it, a quantity of 
air is captured in the collection chamber. Because the collection chamber 
is submerged in the water heating tank chamber full of water, any air 
collected in the chamber is subject at its lower open end to hydrostatic 
pressure from the water. As the column of air collects in the chamber, the 
air pressure increases and counters the negative pressure developed by the 
venturi jet. The aspiration of air from the expansion chamber slowly 
decreases with the increasing air pressure. The aspiration of air ceases 
when the air pressure equals the venturi pressure but supply water will 
still be fed as long as the faucet valve remains open. 
How the foregoing objectives and other objectives are achieved will be 
apparent in the ensuing more detailed description of a preferred 
embodiment of the invention which will now be set forth in reference to 
the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
In FIG. 1, the tank for heating water is indicated generally by the 
reference numeral 10. The tank is comprised of three sections 11, 12 and 
13 which are joined together by welding or other suitable means that 
results in a leakproof structure. The tank can also be molded of a 
suitable plastic having a gasketed cover, not illustrated, because 
according to the invention, pressure in the tank never equals the pressure 
of the cold water infeed line. Sections 11 and 12 are joined to produce a 
main chamber 14 in which heating of the water takes place. An electric 
heater element 15 is positioned near the interior bottom of main chamber 
14. The heater element is not shown as being connected but its leads 15 
extend into a controller 16 to which electric power is supplied. The 
temperature of the water is controlled in a conventional way with a 
thermostat which is not visible in the controller box. Typically, the 
water temperature would be held at around 190.degree. F. (88.degree. C.) 
but always below boiling temperature. 
Tank 10 also has an expansion chamber 17 into which supply water that is 
heated in main chamber 14 can expand. A bulkhead 18 separates the main and 
expansion chambers from each other. The tank can be concealed in a housing 
34 which endows the installation with better esthetic characteristics and 
prevents touching the hot tank. The tank is provided with a conventional 
draining device 19. 
The tank 10 and its housing 18 are usually installed beneath a sink 20, a 
part of which is shown. A decorative faucet body 21 is mounted to the top 
of the sink. A supply water infeed valve is symbolized by the dashed lined 
rectangle 22. The valve 22 of the faucet is opened and closed by raising 
and lowering an operating handle 23. If cold water supply shutoff valve 24 
is open, as is normally the case, opening of manually controlled faucet 
valve 22 will allow unheated supply water to flow from the building 
plumbing pipe 25 through faucet valve 24, tube 26, valve 22, and then to 
the tank by way of a tube 27. The flow direction of supply water to the 
tank is indicated by arrows as shown. Hot water is delivered to the spout 
outlet 28 of the faucet from the upper region of main tank chamber 14 by 
way of a tube 29 which has an extension 30 that passes through expansion 
chamber 17. The expansion chamber 17 is vented to the atmosphere by way of 
a tube 31 whose lower open end 32 is exposed to the interior of the 
expansion chamber 17 and whose upper end 33 is open to the atmosphere 
interiorly of faucet body 21. Besides preventing pressure above 
atmospheric pressure from developing in the expansion chamber 17, the vent 
also prevents a buildup of pressure above atmospheric pressure in the main 
tank chamber 14 for reasons which will be apparent later. 
If no hot water is drawn from the tank for an extended period, the water in 
the main heating and expansion chambers 14 and 17, respectively, will be 
substantially evenly heated. When hot water is drawn from the tank it must 
necessarily be replenished with cold supply water for a new heating cycle. 
Inflow of cold supply water to the tank effectuates emptying of the 
expansion chamber 17 of water to provide a volume for incoming cold supply 
water to expand into as it is heated. Admitting replenishment supply water 
and emptying of the expansion chamber 17 concurrently is accomplished with 
a venturi aspirator 40 which is shown in FIG. 1 and is also shown in 
section and enlarged in FIG. 2. As shown, the venturi aspirator 40 is 
mounted in the bulkhead which constitutes the bottom of the expansion 
chamber 17. A coupling device 41 fastens the aspirator 40 sealingly to the 
tank as is shown in detail in FIG. 2. Cold supply water at mains pressure 
flows down bore 42 of the venturi device and imposes supply line pressure 
on the inlet end 43 of a venturi orifice 44 which is represented by dashed 
lines. Restricting the flow of the water by way of the small diameter 
orifice results in a velocity increase in the orifice and as a result a 
jet of water emerges from the exit end 45 of the orifice. Consonant with 
Bernoulli's principle, the increase in flow velocity in the orifice is 
accompanied by the pressure of the water becoming negative in the orifice 
relative to the pressure of the hot water in the expansion chamber 17. 
Consequently, hot water from the expansion chamber is drawn into the jet 
stream through side holes 46 and 44 of the aspirator and is discharged 
back into the main hot water chamber 14. The incoming stream of mixed hot 
and cold water, when discharged from the end 45 of the orifice is at a 
pressure well below supply line pressure but is still sufficiently high to 
force hot water out of main chamber 14 and up tube 29 for discharge from 
the faucet spout tip 28. Hot water gets into the expansion chamber 17 in 
the first place by expanding from the main water heating chamber 14 
through the jet orifice 44 and the aspirator side holes 46 and 47 during 
times when water is being heated and is expanding between times when water 
is being withdrawn from the faucet spout opening 28. 
Most of the concepts thus far described are known in the art. Now, however, 
attention will be focused on structure and functions that are provided, 
according to the invention, for overcoming the problems that arise when 
the water level in the expansion tank 17 drops to a level that is low 
enough for air to be drawn through the aspirator side holes 46 and 47 from 
the vented expansion tank. According to the invention, an air collector 
tube 50 is fastened sealingly at its top end 51 to the bulkhead 18 as 
shown in FIG. 1. When air begins to be injected into the air collector 
tube 50, the air begins filling the tube from the top. This tube is below 
the level of the water filling tank chamber 14 and as air is lighter than 
the water it is captured in the tube. As the collected air pushes against 
the weight of the water in the tank a positive pressure is developed in 
the air collection tube. As this pressure increases, with the column of 
air, its effect causes the venturi action of the aspirator 40 to decrease. 
When the tube is sufficiently full of air creating a sufficient pressure, 
the venturi action will cease. In illustrations where the supply water 
pressure is high, that is, substantially above 55 psi, the venturi jet 
velocity pressure could be high enough to drive collected air out of the 
bottom 55 of collector tube 50 and into the hot water chamber 14 which is 
not desired. This action is precluded in cases where it could occur by 
having a baffle 52 installed in the collector tube 50 for the venturi jet 
to impinge upon and dissipate its kinetic energy. As shown in FIG. 3, the 
baffle is mounted in tube 50 with bypass openings 54 around it so the jet 
stream water can flow into tank 14 until there is shutoff and so the tube 
50 can be filled sufficiently deep with air at a pressure that will 
balance against the water pressure in the tank. By way of example and not 
limitation, a typical water pressure in the heating chamber may be 3 psi 
nd the air pressure in the collector tube 50 may be 3.1 psi at venturi jet 
shutoff. A commercial embodiment of the instant hot water dispenser, not 
shown, has hot water tank 14, expansion chamber 17, tube 50 and a 
cantilever supported baffle or bypassed deflector 52 all composed of 
plastic.