Coolant additive with corrosion inhibitive and scale preventative properties

Disclosed herein is an improved coolant additive having corrosion inhibitive and scale preventative properties. In particular, the inventive additive in its various embodiments is specifically designed to avoid the use of silicates which, as is well known, form deposits which coat the surfaces and passageways of heavy duty diesel and other cooling systems, resulting in shortened life and reduced efficiency thereof. The inventive additive includes sodium hydroxide and/or alkal metal carbonate, ricinoleic acid, Reomet 41, Thiotax, various forms of SMA copolymers, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrate, chelant(s), antifoam agents, dye/pH indicator and soft water (composition solvent), mixed together in predetermined proportions with the various embodiments of the inventive additive including other constituent substances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The prior art teaches that to maintain the cooling system design efficiency 
of a heat exchanger/heat engine, the coolant must include cleaning and 
inhibiting compositions. The cleaning component is to be provided so as to 
prevent build-up of scale and other substances on the internal walls of 
the cooling system. The inhibitor component better known as "metallic 
catalysis" is provided to mitigate the corrosiveness of the fluid within 
the cooling system and further to provide anti-corrosion protection for 
the inner surfaces of the system. As present, cooling systems for diesel 
and other types of internal combustion engines are fabricated from many 
different types of metals and alloys with the metals and alloys being 
specifically chosen for the particular applications of the engine. While 
the use of such dissimilar materials is advantageous from constructional 
standpoint, certain difficulties are experienced in connection with the 
use of dissimilar materials. For example, it is quite difficult to provide 
a satisfactory scale preventing-corrosion inhibiting system in cooling 
solutions which are used in such an apparatus. Corrosion inhibiting fluids 
and additives are well known in the prior art and are designed for use 
with systems constructed from various metals. To date, however, none of 
these cooling fluids and additives have provided satisfactory 
scale-corrosion inhibition for widely varying cooling system materials. 
Applicant is aware of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,962,109; 4,382,870; 2,723,956; 
2,802,788; 2,972,581; 2,994,664; 3,079,343; and 3,959,166. These U.S. 
patents are believed to be related to the general environment of intended 
use of the present invention but the present invention is believed to be 
distinct therefrom both conceptually and patentably. 
Research has led to the conclusion that the major source of scale 
deposition on the internal surfaces of a cooling system is through the 
silicification of compounds including silicate (water glass). For example, 
catalyzed silicate (SiO.sub.2 /SiO.sub.3, i.e., silicon dioxide to 
silicate) of sodium (*Na; in water) forms, in the presence of magnesium, 
ion deposits of magnesium silicate/silica while simultaneously and 
continually precipitating and depositing heavy metal ions including 
silicates and silica. These deposits are substantially insoluble and are 
not removable by conventional means. In fact, certain types of scale such 
as magnesium silicate (Mg.sub.3 Si.sub.4 O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2)/talc; 
K.sub.2 Mg,Fe).sub.2 Al.sub.6 (Si.sub.4 O.sub.10).sub.3 (OH).sub.12 
/greensands, ore(s)/gangue(s), etc., magnesium phosphate, sodium silicate 
are unaffected by conventional types of organic compounds which may have 
been designed to remove such deposits. Further, these substances have high 
resistance to acids, alkalines and heat. In fact, the only known means for 
removing such deposits consists of either boiling the disassembled parts 
in hot alkyline solutions or treating the surfaces with hydrofluoric acid, 
which is one of the most dangerous acids presently known and certainly not 
recommended for general use. 
FNT *NA=Narium/sodium . . . (Na: fr. International Scientific Vocabulary 
Natron) 
As an example of the deficiencies in the prior art, the alkali metallic 
silicate compound deposits described above which are a major cause of 
shortened cooling system life, are not prevented when one uses the 
additive disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,109. The additive disclosed 
therein includes a compositional metallic inhibitor and a supplemental 
aqueous compositional cleaner/inhibitor coolant additive. Since the 
additive disclosed in this patent includes the use of silicate compounds, 
the above-described scale deposits will inherently occur through the use 
of this product and since such deposits are not removable in the practical 
sense, the use of this additive may cause serious problems in the cooling 
system over long periods of time. 
Some common properties which make organics (such as dibasic acids, 
benzoate, cinnamic acids . . . , ) catalyses/chemisorption perform, often 
times, better than some of the prior used iorganic catalyses (such as, 
--CrO.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7, SiO.sub.2 /SiO.sub.3, NO.sub.2, NO.sub.3, 
HCO.sub.3, CO.sub.3, PO.sub.4, and others); despite, organic catalyses 
effectiveness is the fact that they are not being widely used. Such 
materials (as oils) for chemisorption have been used quite effectively for 
centuries. 
A practical example of chemisorption is the boundary lubrication of moving 
metal parts in machinery. A film of oil forms a chemisorbed layer at the 
interface and averts the high frictional forces that would otherwise 
exist. 
Correspondingly, it is significant--however--that organic catalyses perform 
their beneficial protection via the same mechanism of chemisorption as do 
the better inorganic catalysis and/or catalyses, e.g., --CrO.sub.3 and 
SiO.sub.3. These anions maintain co-valent, shared bonds between the same 
anionic element (oxygen) thereby migrating and performing as a radical 
(SiO.sub.2 /SiO.sub.3 ; CrO.sub.3) in electrolytes. 
The same is true for organic catalyses, i.e., they share a co-valent 
arrangement (radical configuration, e.g., C.sub.6 H.sub.5 COO.sup.- . . . 
/C.sub.6 H.sub.5 COOH; CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.16 COO.sup.- . . . 
/CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.16 COOH . . . and others. Further, organic 
catalyses have been found to be much more thermally stable chemically than 
ionic bonding inorganic components/electrolytes (NaHCO.sub.3, NaNO.sub.2, 
NaNO.sub.3, borax . . . Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4). 
Additionally, dibasic acids are effective over a much broader pH range, 
having capacities due to their double-terminal carboxyl groups and ability 
to simultaneously exist as an acid-salt/ester, e.g., maleic acid/ester, 
HOOCCH:CHOONa. 
Some scribed examples of catalyses chemisorption mechanism of activity: 
Inorganic 
CrO.sub.3 +WATER+BUFFER=H.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 +ADMIXTURE (Make-up). 
H.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 & COOLANT+FERRIC HYDROXIDE=Fe.sub.2 (CrO.sub.4)-Cool't. 
SiO.sub.2 +2NaOH+WATER=Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3 +ADMIXTURE (Make-up). 
Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3 +POTABLE WATER(COOLANT)=[Na.sub.2 O.SiO.sub.2 ; Gel] 
Mg.sub.3 Si.sub.4 O.sub.10 (OH).sub.2 or 3MgO.4SiO.sub.2. H.sub.2 O 
+COOLANT. 
Organic 
CH.sub.3 (CH).sub.7 CH:CH(CH).sub.7 COOH+BUFFER=COMP. Make-up. 
CH.sub.3 (CH).sub.7 CH:CH(CH).sub.7 COONa & COOLANT+FERRIC 
HYDROXIDE=Fe(C.sub.18 H.sub.33 O.sub.2).sub.3 +COOLANT. 
CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.16 COOH+BUFFER+WATER=COMP. Make-up. 
CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2) .sub.16 COONa & COOLANT+FERRIC HYDROXIDE=Fe(C.sub.18 
H.sub.35 O.sub.2).sub.3 +COOLANT. 
Collating the mechanism of the above inorganic vs. organic formulae per 
structural arrangements portend a means for devising methods to assist in 
classifying, collating components per their performance and to further the 
best pragmatic and discernible interpretations possible of conducted 
works/studies. 
More importantly, the structural formulae are used to show that those 
catalyses that are most effective are similar in their scribed structure 
and performance/chemisorption, to water on surfaces wetted by it. 
Take for example, compounds of hydration (Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O; 
CuSO.sub.4.5H.sub.2) . . . ) Their structural formulae are quite similar 
to catalyzed silicate of sodium and chromic acid Na.sub.2 O.SiO.sub.2 
/Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3 ; H.sub.2 O.CrO.sub.3 /H.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 . . . ) and 
as such adhere to the definition of catalysis. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is designed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior 
art so as to provide a coolant additive which performs all of the 
advantageous features found in prior art additives while additionally 
providing improved corrosion inhibitive and scale preventive aspects. 
The present compositional invention is formulated to provide complete 
cooling system treatment. It contains a balanced film-forming, 
chemisorption inhibitor system that protects metals/alloys in a cooling 
system against corrosion, while maintaining a favorable alkaline balance. 
Further, its chemisorbed action ties up the hardness and other insolubles 
in the cooling system fluids to prevent the build-up of rust or scale. 
Additional, desired benefits of the present invention are as follows: 
provides adequate engine cooling 
protects against foaming 
protects all metals in the cooling system from corrosive attack 
keeps engine free from heat-absorbing sludge and mineral scale build-up, 
which would dramatically reduce the engine's heat transfer capacity 
is compatible with all antiboil/antifreeze-ethylene glycol-based coolants 
extends the life of coolant (by requisite supplemental additions). 
has no harmful effects on hoses and other nonmetallic parts in the cooling 
system 
provides cavitation-erosion protection 
eliminates harmful effects of electrolysis 
extends equipment life, while providing "in-service" deposit free surfaces 
provides design cooling system efficiency 
eliminates "off-line" cleaning, reduces downtime, and maintenance costs. 
In general, it has been found that the above-described benefits as well as 
others are achieved by using a corrosion inhibitor/catalysis composition 
consisting of an aqueous compositional corrosion inhibitor system, with 
the corrosion inhibitor system including in weight percent of from about 
0.017 to about 0.420 percent ricinoleic acid, practical gr., from about 
0.007 to about 0.083 percent "Reomet 41" (azole-type Cu-inhibitor), from 
about 0.18 to about 3.00 percent carbonate ion (--HCO.sub.3, CO.sub.3 
and/or lime), from about 0.50 to about 1.50 percent "THIOTAX" dry (2-MBT; 
Cu Inhibitor), from about 0.170 to about 4.00 percent SMA (Styrene Maleic 
Anhydride, ARCO's) from about 0.042 to about 2.00 percent Benzoic Acid, 
from about 0.420 to about 4.20 percent Benzoate Ion, from about 0.330 to 
about 3.30 percent Nitrite Ion, from about 0.370 to about 3.70 percent 
Nitrate Ion, from about 0.420 to about 3.00 percent "EVANACID 3CS" 
(carboxymethylmercaptosuccinic acid), from about 0.170 to about 0.670 
percent N-Benzylethanolamine and/or from about 0.50 to about 1.50 percent 
of a combination of soluble thiazole/azole compounds. 
This is based on ASTM D 1384--Standard requisite test volume of 331/3 
percent liquid, compositional, concentrate per Liter of coolant, i.e., 
331/3 vol. % Aqueous concentrate, balance- 50/50 vol. % each of the 
Standard's Specified `Corrosive Water` (q.v.) and a suitable ethylene 
glycol. 
In another aspect, the instant invention concerns a method of minimizing 
scale-corrosion in a cooling system composed of a plurality of metals and 
alloys which comprises, providing a scale-corrosion mitigative coolant 
composition admixture which includes as least one water soluble alcohol 
and an effective scale-corrosion inhibiting system, with the corrosion 
inhibited system including, in weight percent based on the aqueous 
composition concentrate, from about 0.017 to about 0.420 percent 
ricinoleic Acid, from about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent "Reomet 41", from 
about 0.180 to about 3.00 percent Carbonate Ion, from about 0.50 to about 
1.50 percent "THIOTAX", Dry (2-MBT), from about 0.170 to about 4.00 
percent SMA, from about 0.420 to about 4.20 percent Benzoate Ion, from 
about 0.042 to about 2.00 percent Benzoic Acid, from about 0.330 to about 
3.30 percent Nitrite Ion, from about 0.370 to about 3.70 percent Nitrate 
Ion, from about 0.420 to about 3.00 percent "EVANACID 3CS", from about 
0.170 to about 0.670 percent N-Benzylethanolamine and/or from about 0.50 
to about 1.50 percent of a combination soluble thiazole/azole compounds. 
Thus, the present invention is directed to an aqueous composition which 
includes a unique combination of additives so as to alleviate scale 
deposition and so as to impart corrosion protection and inhibition for 
coolant compositions used in cooling systems fabricated from a plurality 
of dissimilar metals and alloys such as for example copper, solder, brass, 
steel, cast iron and cast aluminum. 
In a further aspect, the inventive additive may be provided with at least 
one suitable volatile corrosion inhibitor designed to inhibit 
boiling/gases-steam of the cooling fluid. 
Accordingly, it is a first object of the present invention to provide a 
coolant additive which simultaneously prevents scale deposits while 
providing a synergistic combination of inhibitors and catalyses which 
effectively prevent scale and corrosion in cooling systems of internal 
combustion engines and is usable for a long period of time without 
lowering the anticorrosive properties of the fluids. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such an additive 
with an aqueous compositional metal corrosion inhibitor which can feasibly 
be diluted with the usual anti-boil/anti-freeze agents. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a composition 
for adding to cooling system fluids which may be associated with the 
cooling fluid at any stage thereof such as for example, by being packaged 
with the anti-freeze solution when manufactured or which could be added to 
an existing anti-freeze mixture already contained within the cooling 
system of the vehicle. 
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide such an 
additive which includes no silicate compounds so that the build-up of 
scale deposits including silicon is necessarily prevented. 
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide such an 
additive with substances which limit and reduce the corrosion of the 
metallic materials comprising the cooling system. 
These and other objects, aspects and features of the present invention will 
be better understood from the following detailed description of the 
preferred embodiments thereof.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
TABLE A 
______________________________________ 
Trade Names Used in This Disclosure 
Trade Names 
Chemical Mfr/Inc. 
______________________________________ 
1. "Reomet 41" 
Moiety of Benzotriazole 
Ciba-Geigy Corp. 
2. THIOTAX 
Mercaptobenzothiazole 
Monsanto Corp. 
3. Ucon 50 HB 
Polyoxyalkylene glycol 
Union Carbide 
5100 Corp. 
4. "EVANACID 
Carboxymethylmercapto- 
EVANS' 
3CS" succinic Acid Chemetics/ 
W. R. Grace 
5. Triton CF 10 
Ethoxylated nonylphenol 
Rohm-Haas 
6. Triton Df 12 
Ethoxylated, Surfactant 
Rohm-Haas 
7. Pluronic L 61 
Polyoxyalkylene, Glycol 
BASF 
8. Sarkosyl NL-30 
N--Acylated Sarcosines 
Ciba-Geigy Corp. 
9. CONCO LAS; Alkylsulfonate, 
Conoco, Inc./ 
AAS-98S Linear Dupont, Inc. 
10. Sumine 2055 
N--Benzylethanolamine 
Conoco, Inc./ 
Dupont, Inc. 
11. Sulfonate 
ABS, Sodium dodecyl- 
Tennessee 
AA-9 benzene sulfonate 
Chemical 
Company 
12. Sulfonate 
Sulfonated Oleic Acid 
Tennessee 
OA-5 Chemical 
Company 
______________________________________ 
The aqueous scale-corrosion composition concentrate of the present 
invention should be incorporated into a coolant which includes at least 
one suitable antiboil fluid and/or water soluble alcohol having the 
present invention composition dissolved therein. In this regard, various 
types of alcohols may be utilized and the preferred alcohol is that which 
is conventionally utilized in so-called permanent anti-freeze systems, 
i.e., ethylene glycol. However, other alcohols may be used without 
departing from the spirit and scope of the instant invention. 
The aqueous composition concentrate of the present invention includes a 
unique inhibiting system. The system contains ricinoleic Acid, "Reomet 
41", "THIOTAX"-2(MBT), SMA, Benzoic Acid, Benzoate Ion, Nitrite Ion, 
Nitrate Ion, "EVANACID 3CS". Additionally, other adjuvants may be added 
thereto as desired. 
The benzoate ion is achieved by using an alkali metal (e.g., sodium, 
preferred--lithium or potassium) Benzoate Material. The same is true with 
respect to the nitrite ion. That is, sodium and/or the preferred lithium 
or potassium nitrite can be utilized to produce nitrite ions. In addition, 
the thiazole/azole materials can be any suitable copper protector such as 
MBT and/or one of its derivatives or a monoaryl triazole or polytriazole 
and/or their derivatives. 
Further, in the preferred practice of the invention, it is desirable to add 
a polymeric dispersant to the composition, such as a water soluble 
carboxylic acid polymer, e.g., styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer 
with a more preferred dispersant being a modified amide/imide with an 
average molecular weight ranging between about 200 to about 3500. This 
range is chosen because applicant has found through experimentation that 
the use of SMA of a molecular weight within this range reduces deposition 
and produces less shearing of the SMA molecules. If one desires to use an 
SMA molecule without the SMA being of the modified amide type, the 
molecular weight range may be effective to about 500 to about 50,000. 
Also, it is usually desirable to add from about 0.50 to about 1.0 percent 
by volume of N-benzylethanolamine to the aqueous composition concentrate 
of the invention as an acid neutralizer, so as to provide it with adequate 
reserve alkalinity. 
The following table sets forth the preferred composition of the inhibitor 
composition components utilized in an antiboil/antifreeze (alcohol) 
coolant admixture of the invention wherein the compositional ranges of the 
various inhibiting components are by weight percent of the total 
composition. 
TABLE B 
a. From about 0.017 to about 0.420 percent ricinoleic Acid; 
b. From about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent "Reomet 41"; 
c. From about 0.50 to about 1.5 percent "THIOTAX"(2-MBT); 
d. From about 0.170 to about 4.00 percent SMA; 
e. From about 0.042 to about 2.00 percent Benzoic Acid; 
f. From about 0.420 to about 4.00 percent Benzoate Ion; 
g. From about 0.330 to about 3.30 percent Nitrite Ion; 
h. From about 0.370 to about 3.70 percent Nitrate Ion; 
i. From about 0.420 to about 3.00 percent "EVANACID 3CS"; 
j. Balance, Soft Water; Compositional Solvent. 
The above-described aqueous scale-corrosion composition concentrate finds 
exceptional utility as an admixture with cooling solution for various 
types of engines which have cooling systems that utilize dissimilar 
metals. However, in addition to the list of ingredients, other additives 
may also be employed. For example, dyes, surfactants, hydrotropes, and 
anti-foaming agents may also be added to the basic composition. 
For example, suitable dyes (preferred color: green to blue) include at 
least one of the family of Alizarine Cyanine Green G Extra 100%, Uranine 
and/or an anthene or acid family permanent/dyes. Typical anti-foaming 
agents include silicone emulsions and/or polyglycol (for example, Pluronic 
L-61, polyalkylene, 50-HB-5100 and polypropylene glycols 150,425 and 
1025). 
TABLE C 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
ASTM D -1384 LABORATORY GLASSWARE CORROSION TEST RESULTS 
Conditions of Test: A set of six 2 by 1 in. metal specimens, all "bundle 
" in 
electrical contact, immersed in 331/3 volume % solution of the 
compositional 
Coolant Additive/Cleaner-Deposit Release Agent which is mixed with 
ethylene 
glycol and then diluted with Corrosive Water (i.e., distilled with 100 
ppm each 
Cl, SO.sub.4 and bicarbonate as sodium salts) for each Coolant at 190 F. 
(88 C.). 
DURATION OF TEST 336 HOURS (14 days) 
EXPERIMENTAL 
Commercial Additive 
N-2000 
A B C D E F G H 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Concentration, g/L, of Coolant 
Additive Coolant 
H.sub.2 O, Soft 
27.53 
25.51 
25.30 
27.02 
27.03 
25.62 
25.66 
25.37 
25.17 
NaOH, 50%(Caustic) 
0.80 
2.99 
3.00 
2.35 
2.35 
2.30 
2.30 
2.30 
2.66 
TTA(Tolyltriazole) 
0.33 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
2-MBT(Mercaptobenzo- 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
thiazole,Dry) 
Triton CF 10 
0.07 
0.07 
0.07 
0.07 
0.07 
-- -- -- -- 
SMA(Styrene Maleic 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
0.17 
Anhydride) 
Sodium Gluconate,50% 
.70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
Diethylaminoethanol 
0.40 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
EDTA, 82% 1.67 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
Thioglycolic Acid 
0.33 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
Borax, 5 mol. H.sub.2 O 
0.42 
0.42 
0.42 
0.42 
0.42 
-- -- -- -- 
Sodium Nitrite 
0.50 
-- -- -- -- 0.13 
0.13 
0.13 
0.13 
Ucon 50 HB 5100 
0.03 
-- -- 0.03 
0.03 
0.03 
0.03 
0.03 
0.03 
(Uion Carbide) 
Dow `A`, Silicone 
0.02 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
(Antifoam) 
Dye, Uranine C (Dow) 
.001 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
N--Benzylethanolamine 
-- -- 0.27 
0.27 
0.27 
-- -- -- -- 
Sodium Sarcosine 
-- -- 0.17 
0.67 
-- -- -- -- -- 
Carboxymethylthio- 
-- 1.67 
1.67 
-- -- 1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
1.42 
succinic Acid 
Citric Acid -- 0.33 
0.33 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 
PPL.sup.(a) Glycol 1025 
-- 0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
-- -- -- -- 
Ricinoleic Acid 
-- 0.07 
0.07 
0.20 
0.20 
0.07 
0.07 
0.07 
0.07 
(Baker's P-10) 
Reomet 41(Cu-Inhi- 
-- 0.10 
0.10 
0.08 
0.07 
0.05 
0.05 
0.05 
0.05 
bitor) 
Sodium Benzoate 
-- 0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
0.83 
0.83 
0.83 
0.83 
H-10, Antifoam 
-- 0.27 
0.03 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 
Sodium Nitrate 
-- 0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
1.33 
Gluconic Acid(S-Salt) 
-- 0.35 
0.35 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 
Phenolphthalein(Dye) 
-- 0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
Pluronic L 61 
-- -- -- .007 
.007 
-- -- -- -- 
Sebacic Acid,Pract. 
-- -- -- 0.67 
-- -- -- -- -- 
Malonic Acid 
-- -- -- -- 0.50 
-- -- -- -- 
Sarkosyl NL-30 
-- -- -- -- 0.83 
-- -- -- -- 
PPL Glycol 425 
-- -- -- -- -- 0.07 
-- 0.07 
0.07 
Conco AAS-98 S 
-- -- -- -- -- 0.17 
-- -- -- 
Benzoic Acid 
-- -- -- -- -- 0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
0.42 
Sumine 2055 -- -- -- -- -- 0.27 
0.27 
0.27 
0.27 
Triton DF 12 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 0.07 
-- -- 
Sulfonate AA-9.sup.(b) 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 0.13 
-- -- 
Sulfonate OA-5.sup.(c) 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.42 
0.17 
H.sub.3 BO.sub.3 (Boric Acid) AR 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.17 
Coolant pH 
initial 10.60 
10.48 
10.47 
11.55 
10.80 
10.40 
10.60 
10.50 
11.05 
final 9.90 
10.30 
10.20 
10.05 
10.40 
9.70 
9.80 
9.80 
10.10 
Corrosion Weight Loss 
mg/specimen ASTM D* 
Corrosion (mg/336 h) 3306 
copper 6.3 3.3 
5.8 
3.1 
3.7 
3.1 
5.0 
5.3 
6.1 
10 
solder (70-30) 
15.9 
82.1 
124.6 
31.5 
49.6 
12.7 
11.8 
11.0 
22.2 
30 
brass 5.0 2.8 
2.9 
2.1 
2.5 
6.0 
4.6 
4.9 
4.6 
10 
steel 1.0 0.8 
14.2 
0.1 
1.2 
2.1 
2.5 
2.3 
2.2 
10 
cast iron +0.47 
2.1 
3.4 
+0.2 
1.8 
181.8 
0.5 
20.3 
2.0 
10 
cast aluminum 
+1.2 
573.4 
574.2 
+0.7 
374.9 
22.4 
29.0 
10.0 
44.0 
30 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.sup.(a) PPL/Polypropylene 
.sup.(b) Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate 
.sup.(c) Sulfonated Oleic Acid 
*Describes the allowable maximum for each metal using ASTM 31384, 
corrosion results with + represent weight gain. 
The present invention significantly improves the scale prevention-corrosion 
protection afforded various metals and alloys when contacted with an 
antiboil-antifreeze fluid (alcohol)-containing the invention aqueous 
composition concentrate. Also, the instant invention can be utilized to 
produce scale prevention-corrosion mitigating aqueous compositional 
catalyses concentrates which are silicate free. This is desirable in that 
silicate of sodium (water glass) produces irreversible magnesium silicate 
scale and subsequent continual aggregational scales which are insoluble. 
They are chemisorbed on the cooling system surfaces thereby insulating, 
and/or clogging orifices, ports, passageways and severely reducing design 
heat transfer. 
The examples in Table C illustrate the benefits achieved when utilizing 
aqueous composition concentrate, i.e., examples "F", "C", "G", . . . of 
the instant invention in situations where contact is made with various 
metals and alloys. Table C's example N-2000 illustrates U.S. Pat. No. 
3,962,109. Commercial product performance was tested as per ASTM standard 
D 1384. The evaluation of experimental aqueous composition concentrates 
was conducted in accordance with ASTM D 1384 Glassware Testing Standard. 
The benefits of the instant invention are illustrated in Table C. 
Particularly, the potential for producing irreversible and aggregational 
scale deposition has been negated. None of the components of the instant 
invention equates the scale potential of silicified catalyses/inhibitors. 
Tables D and E show two examples of mixtures which are considered to be 
within the purview of the present invention. 
TABLE D 
______________________________________ 
Percent 
Component by Weight 
______________________________________ 
Sebacic Acid, Practical 2.00 
Triton CF 10 0.20 
SMA(Styrene Maleic Anhy., Na Salt) 
0.50 
Ucon 50 HB 5100 0.10 
PPL Glycol 1025 (PPL = Polypropylene) 
0.05 
Borax, 5 Mol.H.sub.2 O 1.25 
NaOH, 50% 7.05 
Ricinoleic Acid, Practical 
0.60 
Thiotax, Dry 2-MBT (Azole) 
1.00 
Sodium Benzoate 1.50 
Reomet--41 (Azole, Type) 
0.23 
Sodium Sarcosine 2.00 
Sodium Nitrate 1.50 
Pluronic L 61 (Polyoxyalkylene) 
0.02 
N--Benzylethanolamine 0.80 
Phenolphthalein (Dye) 0.05 
Balance, Soft Water -- 
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TABLE E 
______________________________________ 
Percent 
Component by Weight 
______________________________________ 
Ricinoleic Acid, Practical 
0.20 
Reomet 41 (Azole, Type-Cu Inhibitor) 
0.15 
NaOH, 50% 6.90 
Thiotax, Dry (2-MBT) 1.00 
Triton DF 12 0.20 
Scripset 500 (SMA) 0.50 
Sulfonate AA-9 0.40 
Benzoic Acid 1.50 
Sodium Benzoate 2.50 
Sodium Nitrite 0.40 
Sodium Nitrate 4.00 
"Evanacid 3CS" 4.25 
Sumine 2055 0.80 
Ucon 50 HB 5100 0.10 
Phenolphtalein (Dye) 0.05 
Balance--Soft Water -- 
______________________________________ 
With referrence to Table C, the additive depicted in Table D herein 
corresponds to additive C in Table C and the additive depicted in Table E 
herein corresponds to additive F in Table C. 
An additional benefit of the present invention is the fact that benzoate 
and/or hydroybenzoic acid compounds serve as a durable organic buffer, 
rust inhibitor, and volatile corrosion inhibition as well as a general 
inhibitor for metals/alloys of cooling system constructions. 
In practive, 4 to 6 oz of inhibitor (aqueous composition concentrate) are 
added to the conventionally packaged per gallon of alcohol (antiboil, 
glycol) to produce a suitable antiboil/antifreeze commercial composition. 
This material is then mixed with water (potable) to produce a coolant 
suitable for use with diesel and gasoline type internal combustion 
engines. 
As a supplemental additive, 2 to 4 oz. per gallon of the requisite amount 
of potable water to fill the cooling system the required amount (aqueous, 
inhibitor) may be poured directly into the cooling system. 
It must be stressed that the inventive additive may not remove depositions 
and scale build-ups which were created within the cooling system prior to 
the addition of the inventive additive. Further, the inventive additive 
may not be fully effective when used in cooling systems containing 
silicate inhibited coolants, or in systems lacking antiboil and/or 
antifreeze depressant additives. Further, the inventive additive does not 
impart in and of itself, freeze depressant properties. 
The following are examples of mixtures which are considered to fall within 
the purview of the present invention: 
(a) A scale preventive, deposition resistant, aqueous composition 
comprising a scale preventive system, the preventive system including in 
weight percent based on said aqueous composition from about 0.170 to about 
4.0 percent Styrene Maleic Anhydride-copolymer having a molecular weight 
of from 500 to 50,000, or from 200 to 3500, modified amide/imide. 
(b) A composition as described in section (a) above and further including a 
corrosion inhibitor system including, in weight percent based on an 
aqueous composition, from about 0.170 to about 0.420 percent ricinoleic 
acid and/or its derivatives, from about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent 
triazole moiety of benzotriazole, from about 0.50 to about 1.50 percent 
thiazole or mercaptobenzothiazole, from about 0.42 to about 4.0 percent 
benzoate ion, from about 0.33 to about 3.30 percent nitrate ion, from 
about 0.420 to about 3.0 percent carboxymethylmercaptosuccinic acid. 
(c) A composition as described in section (a) above and further including a 
corrosion inhibitor system including, in weight percent based on an 
aqueous composition, from about 0.170 to about 0.420 percent ricinoleic 
acid and/or its derivatives, from about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent 
triazole moiety of benzotriazole, from about 0.50 to about 1.50 percent 
thiazole or mercaptobenzothiazole, from about 0.42 to about 4.0 percent 
benzoate ion, from about 0.33 to about 3.30 percent nitrate ion, from 
about 0.420 to about 3.0 percent carboxymethylmercaptosuccinic acid. 
(d) A composition as described in either section (b) or section (c) in 
which the alkali metal is one of sodium, lithium or potassium. 
(e) A composition as described in either section (b) or section (c) which 
further includes from about 0.37 to about 3.70 percent alkali metal 
nitrate ion, and from about 0.83 to about 4.0 percent alkali metal 
dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 
(f) A composition as described in either section (b) or section (c) and 
further including from about 0.042 to about 2.0 percent benzoic acid or 
alkali metal benzoate. 
(g) A composition as described in section (a) above which further includes 
a corrosion inhibitor system including, in weight percent based on an 
aqueous composition, from about 0.17 to about 3.0 percent sebacic acid 
and/or alkali metal sebacate, from about 0.42 to about 3.0 percent alkali 
metal sarcosinate, from about 0.017 to about 0.42 percent ricinoliec acid, 
from about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent "Reomet 41", from about 0.50 to 
about 1.50 percent mercaptobenzothiazole, from about 0.42 to about 4.0 
percent benzoate ion, the alkali metal being one of sodium, lithium or 
potassium, and the composition further including from about 0.37 to about 
3.70 percent alkali metal nitrate ion. 
(h) A composition as described in section (a) above which further includes 
a corrosion inhibitor system including, in weight percent based on an 
aqueous composition, from about 0.17 to about 3.0 percent sebacic acid 
and/or alkali metal sebacate, from about 0.42 to about 3.0 percent 
N-Acylated Sarcosines, from about 0.17 to about 0.42 percent ricinoleic 
acid or alkali metal, from about 0.017 to about 0.42 percent ricinoleic 
acid, from about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent Moiety of Benzotriazole, 
from about 0.50 to about 1.50 percent mercaptobenzothiazole, from about 
0.42 to about 4.0 percent benzoate ion, the alkali metal being one of 
sodium, lithium or potassium, and the composition further including from 
about 0.37 to about 3.70 percent alkali metal nitrate ion. 
(i) A composition as described in section (a) above which further includes 
a corrosion inhibitor system including, in weight percent based on an 
aqueous composition, from about 0.42 to about 3.0 percent 
carboxymethylthiosuccinic acid, from about 0.017 to about 0.42 percent 
ricinoleic acid, from about 0.007 to about 0.083 percent Moiety of 
Benzotriazole, from about 0.50 to about 1.50 percent 
mercaptobenzothiazole, from about 0.42 to about 4.0 percent benzoate ion, 
from about 0.33 to about 3.3 percent Nitrite ion, from about 0.083 to 
about 3.0 percent alkyl benzene sulfonate/CONCO AAS-98S, the alkali metal 
being one of sodium, lithium or potassium, and the composition further 
including either (1) from about 0.37 to about 3.70 percent alkali metal 
nitrate ion, or (2) from about 0.042 to about 2.0 percent benzoic acid or 
alkali metal benzoate. 
While there have been described what are at present considered to be the 
preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to 
those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and 
alterations may be made in the teachings of the present invention without 
departing from the intended spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, it is 
intended that the present invention only be limited by the terms of the 
following claims.