Offset shock mounted recorder carrier including overpressure gauge protector and balance joint

A shock mounted recorder carrier for a drill stem testing string, adapted for placement in a borehole, includes offset inner and outer bodies for placement of recorders within the carrier and further includes an overpressure gauge protector for protecting a set of recording gauges disposed in the carrier from a well fluid pressure which is greater than a predetermined amount above annulus fluid pressure and a balance joint for providing an oppositely directed force on the recording gauges relative to a direction of flow of the well fluid within the carrier thereby preventing the well fluid pressure from "bottoming out" the shock mount on which the recording gauges are mounted.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The subject matter of the present invention relates to a recorder carrier 
for a drill stem testing well tool, and more particularly, to an offset 
recorder carrier which includes an overpressure gauge protector and a 
pressure balance joint in addition to a shock mount for protecting the 
recorders from well fluid pressures greater than a predetermined amount 
above the well annulus fluid pressure and for preventing the shock mount 
from bottoming out in response to the well fluid pressure. 
Any typical drill stem testing string will include a recorder carrier for 
carrying pressure recorders or gauges that record the pressure of well 
fluids being produced from an earth formation in which the testing string 
is disposed. Since the drill stem testing string is adapted to be lowered 
into a borehole with an attached perforating gun, when the gun is 
detonated, a mechanical and a pressure shock is generated, the mechanical 
shock being transmitted up the testing string. In order to reduce this 
shock, a shock mount is included as part of the testing string. The 
pressure recorder is allowed to move up and down with respect to the 
recorder carrier in order to absorb and dampen the shock transmitted by 
the tubing string to the pressure recorder. When the shock is received by 
the recorders in the testing string, the recorders move uphole; however, 
the shock mount dampens the recorder movement and thereby prevents the 
recorder from being damaged as a result of the shock. If the high pressure 
generated due to detonation of the guns exceeds the pressure capacity of 
the gauge, the recorder gauges are irreversibly damaged. 
Furthermore, accuracy in measurement of the well bore annulus fluid 
pressure is very critical. Therefore, pressure gauges that have a pressure 
capacity approximately equal to the well bore annulus fluid pressure are 
used downhole in the wellbore. Error is introduced in pressure 
measurements by running a high pressure capacity gauge into a low pressure 
well. However, during a drill stem testing operation, the tubing pressure 
or well fluid pressure is significantly higher than the well bore annulus 
fluid pressure, especially during special operations such as stimulation, 
internal pressure testing of tubing string, and detonation of perforating 
guns by pressurizing the tubing fluid. The accuracy of a pressure 
measurement during such special operations is not critical. An ideal 
situation would include using a high capacity gauge to measure well bore 
fluid (tubing) pressure during the above referenced special operations and 
a low capacity gauge to measure well bore annulus fluid pressure. However, 
this is not possible since all gauges are exposed at all times to the 
tubing (well bore) pressure. To be more specific, a pressure recorder, 
when mounted on the exterior of the recorder carrier, is exposed to both 
the well annulus fluid pressure and the well bore fluid pressure (tubing 
pressure). Changes of these pressures will exert either a downward or an 
upward force and move the recorder either up or down, respectively, in 
relation to the recorder carrier. The recorder will bottom out on the 
carrier at its upper end when the well bore fluid pressure is higher than 
the annulus pressure. On the other hand, the recorder will bottom out on 
the carrier at its downward end when the annulus pressure is higher than 
the well bore pressure. If the recorder bottoms out due to pressure, the 
shock mount becomes useless. The recorder will then be damaged due to 
mechanical shock even if it is shock mounted. 
Furthermore, the recorder is often housed in a circumferential annular area 
around an inner tube of the testing string. If the outside diameter is not 
increased, the circumferential annular area is sometimes too small to 
house certain types of required pressure recorder gauges. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a 
recorder carrier for a drill stem testing string which includes an 
overpressure protection means for protecting the recorder gauge from well 
fluid pressures which are greater than a predetermined amount above the 
well annulus fluid pressure. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a recorder 
carrier for a drill stem testing string which includes a balance joint for 
providing an oppositely directed force on the recorder carrier, relative 
to a direction of flow of a well fluid in the testing string, in order to 
prevent a shock mount, on which the recorder carrier is mounted, from 
bottoming out in response to a pressure of such well fluid in the testing 
string. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a recorder 
carrier outer diameter which is offset in relation to the recorder carrier 
inner diameter in order to provide more space for placement of the 
recorders in a circumferential annular space of the recorder carrier 
without increasing the outside diameter of the carrier. 
These and other objects of the present invention are accomplished by 
providing a recorder carrier which includes an inner tube, an outer tube 
offset in relation to the inner tube thereby providing a circumferential 
annular space around the periphery of the inner tube, one portion of the 
annular space being greater in volume than another portion of the annular 
space. At least two recorders are placed in the one portion of the annular 
space. A shock mount is placed on one end of the annular space to dampen 
the impact of received mechanical shock vibrations. An overpressure gauge 
protector is placed on the other end of the annular space to protect the 
recorders from well fluid pressure greater than a predetermined amount 
above annulus fluid pressure. A pressure balance joint is placed between 
the overpressure gauge protector and the two recorders for providing an 
oppositely directed force, relative to a direction of flow pressure of the 
well fluid within the recorder carrier, thereby compensating for the 
pressure of the well fluid on the recorders in the carrier and preventing 
the shock mount, on which the recorders are mounted, from bottoming out in 
response to the pressure of the well fluid on the recorders in the 
carrier. 
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become 
apparent from the detailed description presented hereinafter. It should be 
understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific 
examples, while representing a preferred embodiment of the present 
invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes 
and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become 
obvious to one skilled in the art from a reading of the following detailed 
description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to FIG. 1, a prior art well perforating and testing system is 
illustrated. This well perforating and testing system is discussed fully 
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,509,604 to Upchurch, entitled "Pressure Responsive 
Perforating and Testing System", the disclosure of which is incorporated 
by reference into this specification. The element numerals found in U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,509,604 will also be used in FIG. 1. 
Referring to FIG. 1, a typical prior art perforating and testing system is 
illustrated. In FIG. 1, a string of formation testing and perforating 
tools 19 is suspended in a cased well bore on a pipe string 10. The tool 
string 19 includes a main test valve assembly 11 of the type shown in 
Nutter U.S. Pat. No. Re. 29,638 that includes a valve element which 
responds to changes in the pressure of fluids in the annulus 12 in order 
to open and close a flow passage extending upwardly through the valve 
assembly. The lower end of the main test valve assembly 11 is connected to 
a sub 13 that houses a pressure recorder which records the pressure of 
fluids in the passage as a function of elapsed time as the test proceeds. 
The lower end of the recorder sub 13 is connected to a pressure transfer 
sub 14 having lateral ports 15 in communication with the well annulus, and 
the transfer sub is connected to a seal nipple 16 which extends downwardly 
through the bore of a packer 17 of conventional construction. The packer 
17, which can be a permanent set device, typically includes normally 
retracted slips and packing element which can be expanded to provide an 
anchored packoff in the well casing 18. The mandrel of the packer has a 
seal bore which receives the seal nipple 16, and an upwardly closing valve 
element such as a flapper element 20 serves to automatically close the 
bore to upward flow of fluids when the seal nipple and components 
therebelow are withdrawn. A slotted tail pipe 21 is connected below the 
seal nipple 16 and functions to enable formation fluids to enter the flow 
passage through the tools when the valve element included in the main test 
valve assembly 11 is open. The lower end of the tail pipe 21 is connected 
to a hydraulically operable firing sub 22 that is constructed in 
accordance with the present invention. The firing sub 22 is arranged to 
cause the selective operation of a perforating gun 23 which is connected 
to its lower end, the gun including a number of shaped charge devices 
that, upon detonation, provide perforations through the wall of the casing 
18 and into the formation to enable connate formation fluids to enter the 
well bore. Another recorder sub 24 may be connected to the lower end of 
the perforating gun 23 to provide for additional pressure records. 
Referring to FIG. 2, a prior art recorder carrier housed in recorder subs 
13 and/or 24 is illustrated. In FIG. 2, the recorder carrier of the prior 
art includes a plurality of pressure gauges serially connected together 
and a plurality of temperature gauges 32 serially connected together, the 
pressure gauges 30 and temperature gauges 32 being located and housed in 
an annular circumferential area disposed around the periphery of the 
recorder carrier of FIG. 2. However, this recorder carrier embodiment of 
the prior art cannot house 11/4 inch outer diameter (OD) gauges since the 
outer diameter (OD) of the carrier is too small. The OD of the recorder 
carrier must be increased to a diameter above five (5) inches in order to 
house the 11/4 inch OD gauges. On the other hand, it is necessary that 
the OD of the recorder carrier be less than or equal to five inches in 
order to provide adequate clearance for retrieving the recorder carrier 
subs 13 and/or 24 from within the drill stem testing string of FIG. 1. 
Referring to FIGS. 3-5, another prior art embodiment of a recorder carrier 
housed in the recorder subs 13 and/or 24 of FIG. 1 is illustrated. 
In FIG. 3, the recorder carrier of the prior art includes a buffer tube 34, 
pressure and/or temperature gauges 36, and a shock absorber 38. The shock 
absorber 38 is designed to absorb a mechanical shock originating from a 
section of the tool string which houses a perforating gun, the shock being 
produced when the perforating gun detonates. 
In FIG. 4, the buffer tube 34 is shown as being connected to the gauges 36. 
The gauges 36 are connected to a gauge housing 36a. The buffer tube 34 is 
connected to a buffer tube housing 34a. The gauge housing 36a is movable 
with respect to the buffer tube housing 34a. The buffer tube 34 comprises 
a small diameter tubing which is helically arranged in the form of a coil. 
The one end 34b of the buffer tube 34 coiled tubing, which is connected to 
the gauge housing 36a, is movable with respect to the buffer tube housing 
34a when the gauge housing 36a moves with respect to the same buffer tube 
housing 34a. The buffer tube 34 coiled tubing receives a well fluid, the 
well fluid flowing within the coiled tubing of the buffer tube 34 toward 
the one end 34b of the buffer tube 34. The well fluid exits the one end 
34b of the buffer tube 34 and enters a space 36b, eventually impacting a 
bellows end 36c of the gauges 36. The bellows end 36c contracts in 
response to the well fluid pressure, the degree of contraction being 
proportional to the pressure of the well fluid. The well fluid pressure is 
recorded on the gauges 36. This embodiment suffers from two problems: (1) 
the pressure gauge is, at all times, exposed to the well bore fluid 
pressure; in order to perform specific operations, such as stimulations, 
tubing string pressure testing, and detonating the perforating guns by 
pressurizing the tubing fluid, the pressure capacity of the gauge must be 
adequate to withstand the high pressures required to perform the above 
referenced operations without damaging the gauge sensor; the accuracy of 
the pressure measurement depends on the full scale range (capacity) of the 
pressure sensor; the embodiment of FIG. 4 fails to completely satisfy 
these requirements; and (2) the buffer tube assembly is not perfectly 
pressure balanced, in that high pressure may cause the shock absorber to 
"bottom out" thereby preventing it from proper functioning. 
In FIG. 5, a cross section of the recorder carrier of FIG. 4, taken along 
section lines 5--5 of FIG. 4, is illustrated. 
Referring to FIG. 6, a schematic of a recorder carrier 40 according to the 
present invention, housed within recorder subs 13 and/or 24 of FIG. 1, is 
illustrated. 
In FIG. 6, the recorder carrier 40 includes a first recorder 42 and a 
second recorder 44, each recorder 42 and 44 including at least a pressure 
gauge for measuring and recording the pressure of well fluid flowing 
within the recorder carrier which originated from an earth formation 
following perforation thereof by the perforating gun; a shock mount 46 
disposed on one end of the recorders 42 and 44 for absorbing mechanical 
shock caused by detonation of the perforating gun; an overpressure gauge 
protector 48 for precluding flow of well fluid within the recorder carrier 
40 when the well fluid pressure is greater than or equal to a 
predetermined amount above well annulus fluid pressure; and a balance 
joint 50 disposed between the overpressure gauge protector 48 and the 
recorders 42 and 44 for directing a force in a direction opposite to the 
direction of a force associated with the pressure of the well fluid 
originating from the overpressure gauge protector 48 and being exerted on 
the recorders 42 and 44, the oppositely directed force preventing the 
shock mount 46 from "bottoming out" in response to the pressure of the 
well fluid originating from the gauge protector 48 and being exerted on 
the recorders 42 and 44. In FIG. 6, a balance joint 50 is associated with 
each recorder 42 and 44, although the overpressure gauge protector 48 
comprises a single structure which serves each balance joint 50. A shock 
mount 46 is also associated with each recorder 42 and 44. 
Referring to FIG. 7, a basic construction of the overpressure gauge 
protector 48 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is 
illustrated. 
Referring to FIGS. 13a and 13b, a more detailed construction of the 
overpressure gauge protector 48 is illustrated, using the same element 
numerals used in connection with FIG. 7. 
In FIGS. 7, 13a and 13b, the overpressure gauge protector 48 includes an 
outer housing 48a, a mandrel 48b having an internal chamber 48a1, a piston 
48c integrally connected to the mandrel 48b, a first port 48d 
communicating the internal chamber 48a1 of the housing 48a with a top 
surface c1 of the piston 48c, a first channel 48f in the outer housing 
48a, a second port 48e communicating the internal chamber 48a1 with the 
first channel 48f of the outer housing 48a, and a third port 48h 
communicating a well annulus area (the area between the drill stem testing 
string and the borehole wall) with an annular area within the overpressure 
gauge protector between the mandrel 48b and the outer housing 48a and 
beneath the bottom surface of the piston 48c. A spring 48i is disposed in 
such annular area and biases the piston 48c upwardly in the drawing. A 
well fluid, originating from an earth formation following perforation, is 
allowed to flow within the internal chamber 48a1, as indicated by the 
arrow 48g. 
The functional operation of the overpressure gauge protector 48 will be set 
forth in the following paragraph with reference to FIGS. 7, 13a and 13b. 
The well fluid 48g flows within the internal chamber 48a1, having 
originated from an earth formation following perforation thereof by the 
perforating gun. The well fluid 48g flows into the first port 48d, a first 
force representing the pressure of the well fluid being exerted on the top 
surface c1 of the piston 48c. In the meantime, other well fluid, disposed 
within the well annulus area, flows into the third port 48h, a second 
force representing the pressure of the other well fluid being exerted on 
the bottom surface of the piston 48c. A third force representing the 
spring 48i force is exerted on the bottom surface of piston 48c. If the 
first force exerted on the top surface c1 of piston 48c by the pressure of 
the well fluid 48g is greater than the second force exerted on the bottom 
surface of the piston 48c by the pressure of the other well fluid from the 
well annulus area plus the third force exerted on the bottom surface of 
the piston 48c by the spring 48i, the mandrel 48b moves downwardly in the 
figures. When this happens, the second port 48e moves out of alignment 
with the channel 48f. As a result, well fluid from the formation cannot 
flow in channel 48f. As will be shown later in this specification, channel 
48f communicates with the recorders 42 and 44; therefore, when the 
pressure of the well fluid is greater than a predetermined amount (the 
predetermined amount being defined by the force of spring 48i on the 
bottom surface of piston 48c) above the well annulus fluid pressure, this 
excessive well fluid pressure cannot damage the recorders 42 and 44. 
Referring to FIG. 8, a basic construction of the balance joint 50 in 
accordance with another embodiment of the present invention is 
illustrated. 
Referring to FIGS. 10a and 10b, a more detailed construction of the balance 
joint 50 is illustrated using the same element numerals used in connection 
with FIG. 8. 
In FIGS. 8, 10a and 10b, the balance joint 50 includes a mandrel 50a having 
a piston 50b which slides within an annular area 50c. The annular area 50c 
is created when a balance housing 50f is disposed around and slidable over 
the mandrel 50a. One end of the balance housing 50f includes an enlarged 
end portion 50f1 which snugly contacts, in sealing engagement with, the 
outer periphery of the mandrel 50a. The enlarged portion 50fl includes an 
upper working surface f2. The mandrel 50a has a hollow interior 50e. A 
port 50g allows the hollow interior 50e of the mandrel 50a to communicate 
with the annular area 50c in which the working surface f2 of the enlarged 
portion 50fl is located. The hollow interior 50e of mandrel 50a associated 
with one end of the balance joint 50 communicates with the channel 48f of 
the overpressure gauge protector 48 of FIG. 7, as indicated by the arrow 
(A) in FIG. 7 and in FIG. 8. The other end of the balance joint 50, and 
more particularly, the other end of the balance housing 50f is connected 
to one of the recorders (42 or 44) at 50h, so as to define an internal 
chamber 50i. 
Referring to FIG. 11, a prior art recorder carrier is illustrated which 
does not include the balance joint 50. In FIG. 11, a well fluid 48g flows 
through a hollow interior 50e of a mandrel 50a, and eventually flows into 
an internal chamber 50i where it exerts its pressure directly onto a 
recorder 42. No annular area 50c exists, as it does in relation to FIG. 8, 
10a/10b. The full force of the well fluid 48g pressure is exerted on the 
recorder 42, as indicated by arrows 60. Annulus fluid pressure is exerted 
on both sides of the recorder 42, and at least some of the annulus fluid 
pressure, exerted on both sides of the recorder 42, cancel out as 
indicated by the equal areas 62. A net difference in annulus fluid 
pressure tends to force the recorder 42 to move from top to bottom in FIG. 
11, as indicated by arrows 64. However, since no annular area 50c exists, 
as it does in relation to FIG. 8, 10a/10b, the full force of the well 
fluid 48 g pressure on recorder 42, as indicated by arrows 60, tends to 
move the recorder 42 from bottom to top in the figure, which movement may, 
in turn, cause the recorder to "bottom out". 
Referring to FIG. 12, the balance joint 50 of FIG. 8, 10a and 10b is again 
illustrated, this figure illustrating the cross sectional areas of the 
balance joint, the cross sectional areas being important in order to allow 
the balance joint 50 to adequately perform its intended function. In FIG. 
12, a well fluid 48g enters hollow interior 5Oe of the mandrel 50a and 
flows into annular area 50c via port 50g, the well fluid 48g exerting its 
pressure on upper working surface f2 of enlarged end portion 50f1 of 
balance housing 50f. The well fluid 48g tends to move the balance housing 
50f from top to bottom in the figure, as indicated by the force/pressure 
arrows on working surface f2. In the meantime, annulus fluid is exerted on 
other areas of the balance housing 50f, and tend to move the balance 
housing 50f from bottom to top in the figure. Annulus fluid enters the 
balance joint 50 via port 50j in FIG. 12. It is important to understand 
the relationship between the different cross sectional areas within the 
balance joint: Area A4 representing the cross sectional area of the entire 
balance joint 50; Area A1 representing the cross sectional area of the 
mandrel 50a which also happens to be the cross sectional area of surface 
h1; and Area A3 representing the cross sectional area of the combination 
mandrel 50a and piston 50b. These cross sectional areas (A4, A1, and A3) 
are related to one another in accordance with the following arithmetical 
relationships: 
EQU A1=A3-A1 (1) 
EQU A4=(A4-A1)+(A3-A1) (2) 
Since (A3-A1) is equal to A1, the following further relationship is true: 
EQU A4=(A4-A1)+(A1) (3) 
The most important one of these arithmetical relationships is equation (1), 
A1=A3-A1. Referring to FIG. 12, Area A1 represents the cross sectional 
area of the mandrel 50a as well as the cross sectional area of surface h1; 
whereas Area (A3-A1) represents the cross sectional area of the annular 
surface of piston 50b. 
By definition, in accordance with equation (1) above, the recorder carrier 
of the present invention has purposely been designed such that the cross 
sectional area of the annular surface of piston 50b (A3-A1) is equal to 
the cross sectional area of the mandrel 50a and also of the surface h1 
(A1). However, by reference to FIG. 12, the cross sectional area (A3-A1) 
of piston 50b is equal to the cross sectional area of the working surface 
f2 of enlarged portion 50f1 of balance housing 50f. Therefore, the cross 
sectional area of working surface f2 must be equal to the cross sectional 
area (A1) of surface h1. 
Since the cross sectional area of working surface f2 is equal to the cross 
sectional area (A1) of surface h1, any well fluid pressure forces being 
exerted on surface h1 will be "cancelled out" by the well fluid pressure 
forces being exerted on working surface f2 of the enlarged portion 50f1 of 
the balance housing 50f. Therefore, in effect, there is no "net" force 
being placed on surface h1 in FIG. 12 due to well fluid pressure. 
Consequently, the recorder 42 will not move in response to well fluid 
pressure and the recorder 42 will not tend to "bottom out" the shock mount 
46 shown in FIG. 6. 
A description of the functional operation of the balance joint 50 will be 
set forth in the following paragraph with reference to FIGS. 8, 10a/10b, 
and 12. 
The well fluid 48g enters channel 48f of over pressure gauge protector 48 
(FIG. 7) and the hollow interior 50e of the mandrel 50a. The well fluid 
48g then enters ports 50g; the well fluid pressure is exerted on the 
working surface f2 of the enlarged portion 50f1 of balance housing 50f. 
Remembering that the balance housing 50f is threadedly connected to a 
recorder (either recorder 42 or 44), the well fluid pressure on the 
working surface f2 tends to pull the recorder downwardly in the FIG. 8. 
However, the well fluid 48g also flows into the internal chamber 50i, the 
well fluid 48g pressure being exerted on a surface h1 of the recorder 42 
in FIG. 8. This pressure tends to push the recorder 42 upwardly in FIG. 8. 
Since the recorder 42 is connected to the shock mount 46, the well fluid 
pressure being exerted on surface h1 tends to push the recorder 42 
upwardly to a point where the shock mount 46 "bottoms out". However, while 
the well fluid pressure on surface h1 tends to push the recorder 42 
upwardly in the FIG. 8, the well fluid pressure being exerted on working 
surface f2 of the enlarged portion 50f1 of balance housing 50f tends to 
pull the recorder 42 downwardly in the FIG. 8. Since the cross sectional 
areas A1=A3-A1, as described above, the recorder 42 fails to move in 
either direction. However, note that the only recorder movement which is 
"cancelled out" is that movement which is a result of the well fluid 
pressure being exerted on the recorder 42. The movement of recorder 42 in 
response to mechanical shock vibrations originating from a perforating gun 
following detonation is not cancelled out by the balance joint 50. 
Referring to FIG. 9, a prior art shock mount 46 used in connection with the 
FIG. 6 embodiment of the recorder carrier of the present invention is 
illustrated. The shock mount 46 is very similar to the shock absorber 
shown in the prior art FIG. 3 of the drawings, and includes a shock mount 
housing 46a and a coiled spring 46b which biases the shock mount housing 
46a against a stop 46c. When a mechanical shock is received from a 
detonated perforating gun, the housing 46a abuts against the stop 46c, and 
the spring 46b begins to compress, absorbing the mechanical shock. 
Referring to FIG. 14, a cross sectional view of the recorder carrier 40 of 
FIG. 6, taken along section lines 14--14 of FIG. 6, is illustrated. 
In FIG. 14, the recorder carrier 40 cross section includes an outer body 
40a and an inner tube 40b. Two recorders 42 and 44 are housed in the outer 
body 40a. The outer diameter of the outer body 40a is offset by 
approximately 0.15 inch from the inner tube 40b, as shown by numeral 40c. 
The center of the inner tube 40b is located at a first point 40d and the 
center of the outer body 40a is located at a second point 40e, the second 
point 40e being offset along the Y-axis from the first point 40d by 
approximately 0.15 inch. 
As a result of the offset in first and second points 40d and 40e, dimension 
D1 is greater than dimension D2 in FIG. 14. Therefore, additional space is 
available within the outer body 40a for placement therein of the recorders 
42 and 44. The offset center arrangement as above described provides the 
space required to mount 11/4 inch outer diameter (OD) gauges (recorders) 
without increasing the OD of the recorder carrier 40 to more than 5 
inches; as a result, adequate clearance between the inner diameter of the 
casing and the outer diameter of the recorder carrier is provided for 
fishing the recorder carrier 40 out of the borehole in the event the 
tubing string parts into two pieces near the recorder carrier while 
disposed downhole. 
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be 
varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure 
from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as 
would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included 
within the scope of the following claims.