Cross bows

A cross bow comprises a bow attached to a bow slide which performs reciprocating motion relatively to a cross bow stock when the cross bow is being cocked. The slide can be maintained in a selected position along the stock by a locking device. To fire projectiles a projectile holder is attached to a bow string. The stock has a longitudinal guideway for guiding the bow slide. The locking device includes a ratchet gear wheel and a spring loaded pawl. A cocking device is provided and includes a gear wheel and a gear rack.

This invention relates to cross bows as used by sportsmen and hunters for 
shooting arrows (bolts) or projectiles and more specifically to movable 
bow fastening devices and cocking devices for such cross bows. 
The known cross bow has a rigidly mounted bow on the end of the stock which 
incorporates a trigger mechanism for releasing a taut bow string so as to 
shoot an arrow therefrom. 
The first considerable disadvantage of the known cross bow lies in the fact 
that the known cross bow always has only one bow draw weight because the 
distance between the bow and the catch of the bow string is the same for 
each particular cross bow. 
Because in the known cross bow the bow is rigidly fixed to the stock, the 
bow string has to be pulled to the bow string catch during the cocking of 
the cross bow using for this purpose user's hands or special cocking 
devices or means and it is not easy to center the bow string on the bolt 
when the bow string has full tension of 100.div.200 Lb. This is the second 
disadvantage of the known cross bow. 
The third disadvantage of the known cross bow lies in the fact that it is 
not easy to return the bow string to its initial (uncocked) position 
without shooting, if desired, after the cross bow was cocked. 
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cross 
bow which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and has variable bow 
draw weight from the maximum to zero. 
Another object of the invention is to provide a cross bow with a movable 
slide on which a bow is fastened. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide means in a cross 
bow for moving the cross bow slide along the stock on purpose to cock the 
cross bow (cocking means). 
It is another object of the invention to provide the cross bow slide with 
means locking the slide in different desired positions relatively to the 
catch on purpose to create different bow draw weights. 
It is an object of this invention to provide a cross bow with a special 
projectile holder attached to the bow string and having a special recess 
to contain a projectile. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cross bow with 
a special catch for holding the projectile holder in cocked position and 
for concealing the projectile recess of said holder to prevent spontaneous 
falling out of a projectile before a shot. 
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from 
the accompanying description when considered in conjunction with the 
following drawings full stop, in conjunction with the drawings.

Referring more in detail to the drawings, and first to the cross bow 
disclosed in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. 
The cross bow may be seen to comprise a stock 10 having a fore end portion 
11, a butt 12, a bow slide 14 with a bow 13 attached to it and a bow 
string 15 attached to corresponding ends of the bow 13. 
The fore end portion 11 consists of two parts, namely, the upper part 11a 
and the lower part 11b and has a bow slide recess 11c in which the bow 
slide 14 is located. The upper and the lower inside surfaces of the recess 
11c form the guideways along which the bow slide 14 can perform 
reciprocating motion relatively to the stock when the cross bow is being 
cocked. Besides, the lower inside surface of the recess 11c is toothed and 
the external upper surface of the fore end portion II has a guideway 11d 
along which a bolt can be projected by the string when the latter is 
released from the catch. 
The bow slide 14 has an aperture 14a of rectangular shape corresponding to 
the cross section of the bow 13. Besides, on the bow slide 14 is mounted 
an intermediate detail 16 having a square recess 16a for connecting with a 
wrench by which the cross bow can be cocked. On this detail 16 is mounted 
by a dowel 18 a toothed wheel 17, the teeth of which engage the teeth of 
the rack 11b. Another toothed ratchet wheel 20 is mounted on a square 
projection of the detail 16 and is fastened to said projection by a screw 
19. The teeth of the ratchet wheel 20 engage a pawl 21 which is pivotally 
mounted on the bow slide 14 by a screw 22 and is under the action of a 
tension spring 23. 
A catch 24 is pivotally mounted in the fore end portion 11 and it is under 
the action of a tension spring 25. This catch 24 is mainly disposed within 
a slot which extends from the upper surface to the lower surface of the 
fore end portion 11. The catch 24 is held in the cocked position by a 
pivotally mounted trigger 26 which is under the action of a spring 27 and 
is also mainly disposed within the same slot in the fore end portion 11. A 
lower portion of the trigger 26 projects from the lower end of the slot so 
that it is accessible to a user. 
In the same slot under the left part of the trigger 26 a safety cam 28 and 
a safety cam fixing spring 29 are mounted and this safety cam 28 is 
connected with a safety knob 30 which is located on lateral external 
surface of the fore end portion to be accessible to the user. 
The ratchet wheel 20, the pawl 21, the screw 22, the spring 23, the toothed 
wheel 17 and the rack 11b are components of locking means which allow the 
slide to move in one direction (to left) and do not allow the slide to 
move in opposite direction (to right) without disengaging the pawl 21 with 
the ratchet wheel 20. 
The rack 11b, the toothed wheel 17 and an additional wrench (not shown), 
the square projection of which enters into the square recess 16a of the 
detail 16, are components of cocking means. 
The invented cross bow has actually three positions, namely, (a) 
postshooting position; (b) precocked position and (c) cocked position. 
The postshooting position is the position in which the slide of the cross 
bow stays after a shot. 
The cocked position (see FIG. 2) is the position in which the slide of the 
cross bow is moved to the fore end of the cross bow from the extreme right 
position when the bow string is engaged by the catch with the purpose to 
strengthen the bow string tension and to bend the bow. For this cross bow 
this position is very indefinite because the slide of the cross bow can be 
located in any position from the extreme left position to almost the 
extreme right position depending on desired bow draw weight. The further 
the slide is moved to the left the greater bow draw weight is. 
The precocked position (see FIG. 1) is the position in which the slide is 
located in the very extreme right position closest to the catch and the 
bow string is engaged by the catch. 
To cock the cross bow when it is in the postshooting position the user 
should first of all disactivate the locking means by turning counter 
clockwise the pawl 21 disengaging it with the ratchet wheel 20 and holding 
said pawl 21 in said position. After this the user should move by hand the 
slide 14 with the bow 13 and the string 15 on it maximum rearwards. When 
the bow string 15 reaches the catch 24, the string 15 pushes the upper 
part of the catch 24 rearwards and clockwise till said upper part of the 
catch lowers under the level of the bow string 15 allowing the latter to 
pass above and then the catch 24 under the action of the spring 25 turns 
counter clockwise to its initial position engaging the bow string 15. 
After this the user should release the pawl 21 activating the locking 
means again. Now the cross bow is in the precocked position and to cock 
the cross bow when it is in said precocked position it is necessary to 
push the bow 13 by hand or even by foot to the desired cocked position in 
accordance with desired bow draw weight which can vary from a few lbs. to 
the maximum possible bow draw weight. For instance the user can make bow 
draw weight 75 lbs. for indoor shooting and 175 lbs. for hunting. 
If it is difficult for the user to push the bow to desired cocked position 
by hand or by foot he can use for this a mechanic's wrench having a square 
projection for connection of conventional sockets. The user needs to push 
the square projection of the wrench into the square recess 16a of the 
detail 16 and to turn this detail 16 clockwise by said wrench (see FIG. 
6). Then the toothed wheel 17 will move forward because of engagement 
between it and the rack 11b moving the slide 14 with the bow 13 to the 
desired cocked position. 
When the cross bow is cocked and a bolt is placed on its guideway the cross 
bow is ready to fire. 
To fire the cross bow the user should position the safety cam 28 in 
horizontal position in order not to prevent the trigger 26 to be turned 
counter clockwise (see FIG. 4). He can make this by turning the safety 
knob 30 to "OFF" position. After this if the user rotates the trigger 26 
counter clockwise he disengages by it the upper part of the trigger 26 
with the lower part of the catch 24. The catch 24 under the action of the 
bow string 15 will turn counter clockwise releasing the string 15, which 
together with the bolt is propelled forwardly. The spring 25 immediately 
returns the catch 24 to its initial position and when the user releases 
the trigger 26 the spring 27 also returns the trigger 26 to its initial 
position. Now the cross bow is in the postshooting position again and to 
fire the next bolt the cycle has to be repeated. 
Referring now to FIGS. 8, 9 10 and 11 wherein are best shown the general 
features of the cross bow of the second variation. 
The cross bow may be seen to comprise a stock 110 having a fore end portion 
111, a but 112, a bow slide 114 with a bow (not shown) attached to it and 
a bow string (not shown) attached to corresponding ends of the bow. 
The butt 112 is connected with the fore end portion 111 for pivoting 
movement relative thereto about a transverse pivot axis by a pivot pin 
131. 
To the butt 112 is pivotally attached a spring loaded locking lever 132 
which is a part of locking means, the second part of which is an axle 133 
attached to the rear part of the fore end portion 111. Said locking means 
serve to lock the butt 112 in its working position when the butt 112 
maximum turned counter clockwise and its fore end surface is parallel to 
the rear end surface of the fore end portion 111 and said two parallel 
surfaces contact. 
The fore end portion 111 has a slide recess 111c. in which the bow slide 
114 is located. The fore end of the fore end portion 111 is shut by a 
detail 134 which fastens together the upper and the lower parts of the 
fore end portion 111. 
The external upper surface of the fore end portion 111 has a guideway 111d 
along which a projectile holder 135 can be reciprocating moved. This 
projectile holder 135 has a recess 135a to contain a projectile 
(preferably balls of different sizes) and the rear part of said recess 
135a has a shape like cone, sphere or other serving to center a ball 
shaped projectile during a shot. In the rear part of the projectile holder 
135 there is a through hole 135b through which the bow string passes. 
In the rear part of the fore end portion 111 a slot, which extends from the 
upper surface to the lower surface of the fore end portion 111, is 
located. In said slot there are a catch 124, trigger means and safety 
means which perform the same functions as in the cross bow of FIGS. 1-7 
described above. Besides the catch 124 performs one more function which 
will be described below. 
The upper and the lower inside surfaces of the recess 111c of the fore end 
portion 111 form the guideway along which the bow slide 114 can perform 
reciprocating motion relative to the stock when the cross bow is being 
cocked. 
The bow slide 114 has an aperture 114a of rectangular shape corresponding 
to the cross section of the bow which is fastened in said aperture. 
Besides, the bow slide 114 has three through holes 114b in each of which 
can be located a pivot pin 136 connecting fore end parts of two cocking 
members 137 to the bow slide 114. The rear parts of these cocking members 
137 are connected to the butt 112 by a pivot pin 138. Both of these 
cocking members 137 have the same elongate form and are arranged parallel 
to one another on opposite sides of the fore end portion 111. 
The cross bow of the second variation also has three positions, namely: (a) 
postshooting position; (b) precocked position and (c) cocked position. 
The postshooting position is the position in which the slide of the cross 
bow stays after a shot. 
The precocked position is the position in which the bow slide is located in 
the very extreme right position closest to the catch and the projectile 
holder is engaged by the catch. 
The cocked position is the position in which the bow slide is moved to the 
fore end of the fore end portion of the cross bow from the precocked 
position and the cross bow butt 112 is locked in its working horizontal 
position by locking lever 132. For this cross bow there are three cocked 
positions depending onto which of three holes 114b the cocking members 137 
are attached. The further the bow slide is moved to the left the bigger 
bow draw weight is. So for the cross bow of FIG. 9 the bow draw weight is 
maximum. If the cocking members 137 are attached to the very left hole 
114b then the bow draw weight is minimum. 
To cock the cross bow when it is in the postshooting position the user 
should first of all press the projecting right part of the locking lever 
132 downwards turning the locking lever 132 clockwise and disengaging it 
with the axle 133. Then, by pivoting the butt 112 about the pivot pin 131, 
the cocking members 137 together with the bow slide 114 and attached to 
the latter the bow with the string and the projectile holder 135 can be 
moved rearwardly. When the projectile holder 135 reaches the catch 124, 
the projectile holder 135 pushes the upper part of the catch 124 rearwards 
and clockwise till said upper part of the catch 124 lowers under the 
projectile holder 135 allowing the latter to pass above and then the catch 
124 under the action of its spring turns counter clockwise to its initial 
position shutting the projectile recess 135a of the projectile holder 135 
to prevent spontaneous falling out of a projectile from the recess 135a. 
It is obvious that a projectile has to be placed in the recess 135a before 
said recess is shut by the catch 124. Besides, the catch 124 does not 
allow the projectile holder 135 to move forward till the user pulls the 
trigger. 
Now the cross bow is in the precocked position and to cock it the user 
should turn the butt 112 counter clockwise moving by it the bow slide 114 
with the bow on it forward and bending the bow. When the butt 112 reaches 
its working position and the locking lever 132 engages the axle 133 the 
cross bow is in the cocked position and is ready to fire. The firing 
process for this cross bow of the second variation is the same as for the 
cross bow of the previous variation described above. 
Many types of cocking and locking means can be used with the invented cross 
bows but one of them has to be mentioned particularly. This is a hydraulic 
cocking and locking means which has very same components as a hydraulic 
car jack, but said components will have much smaller dimensions because a 
car weight is at least 5-6 times greater than a bow draw weight. 
It is obvious that every type of above described cross bows can be supplied 
with many types of cocking and locking means, both above described and 
other types. 
Although but a few variations of the present invention have been 
illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art 
that various changes and modifications may be made therein without 
departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the 
appended claims.