Front windshield impact guarding device for passengers in a vehicle

An impact guarding device includes a shield material in sheet form mounted within the passenger compartment of the vehicle in a manner such that the sheet material can move up and down adjacent the inner surface of the windshield. At least the end of said sheet material which is adjacent a windshield pillar is adapted at its lower end to move in conjunction with a slider, and the slider is adapted to move up and down along a guide rail which is associated with the pillar. The slider is connected to a pull-down mechanism by a tension wire extending therebetween, and the pull-down mechanism has associated therewith a trigger mechanism which is activated upon frontal impact of the vehicle. Thus, upon frontal impact of the vehicle, the trigger mechanism is activated and the shield material is forcibly pulled down. The sheet material may have a handle associated with the lower end thereof, so that the sheet material may be manually pulled downwardly. Moreover, the lower end of the sheet material may have a release mechanism associated with the handle and is connected to a spring loaded protrusion extending from the slider towards the guide rial, which has a plurality of spaced apart holes along its length. Thus, actuation of the release mechanism permits the sheet material to be raised or lowered so that the protrusion will engage with one of the holes in the guide rail.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to an impact guarding device which prevents direct 
impact of a passenger into the front windshield of a vehicle, in the event 
of a frontal impact or other such accidents. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
It is common that in the event of accidents involving sudden stopping of a 
vehicle, passengers suffer injuries from their heads colliding with the 
front windshield. 
In order to reduce such injuries, devices such as air bags are being 
installed in some vehicles. The airbag device serves as an impact absorber 
by preventing the passenger from impacting his/her head into the front 
windshield by inflating a bag with pressurized air when the vehicle 
experiences impact greater than a certain level. 
However, with the airbags there was concern that they would lose their 
effectiveness as an impact guard if punctured by broken glass from the 
windshield. Furthermore, the working mechanism of the airbag is too 
complicated, creating problems in assembly, checking and maintenance. 
This invention was created with these problem points in mind. The purpose 
of this invention is to provide an impact guard device which ensures 
prevention of impact of a passenger into the front windshield, while at 
the same time, keeping a simple structure. 
This invention solves the above issue by providing a front windshield 
impact guarding device for passengers, which has shield material in sheet 
form installed along the inner surface of the front windshield. The sheet 
material is joined to a pull-down mechanism which forcibly pulls the 
shield material down when activated by a connecting trigger mechanism 
which responds to frontal impact. 
Shield material in sheet form, where at least the lower edge is made of 
material which blocks sunlight, is installed along the inner surface of 
the front windshield so that the material can move up and down. In 
addition a guide rail is installed on the pillars adjacent the 
abovementioned windshield, and the guide rail has a stopper mechanism to 
stop the abovementioned shield material at a field position. This guide 
rail is joined to a pull-down mechanism which forcibly pulls the guide 
rail down when activated by a connecting trigger mechanism which responds 
to frontal impact. 
In the event of a collision where the vehicle experiences a strong frontal 
impact, the trigger mechanism activate the pull-down mechanism which 
immediately pulls down the shield material on the inner surface of the 
front windshield. Therefore, if a passenger were to hit his/her head, this 
shield material not only protects and decreases the force of the impact on 
the head, because it covers the front windshield, it prevents injuries 
from broken glass. 
With the invention in which the shield material is formed with material 
that blocks out the sun, the shield material can move up and down along 
the guide rail. Also, by fixing the lower end of the shield material at a 
set height, it can be used under normal circumstances as a sun visor. In 
particular, if the entire windshield is covered by the shield material 
when the vehicle is parked, it can be used as a sun shield to prevent 
overheating of the interior.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
An implementation example of the present invention will now be explained 
with reference to the drawings. 
FIG. 1 is a diagonal view of the guard device attached onto a vehicle. This 
guard device 1 is comprised of a sheet form shield material 2 which is 
kept in roof 91 of vehicle 9. An affixed guide mechanism 3 is attached 
onto pillar 93 adjacent to windshield 92, and the pull-down mechanism 4 
and trigger mechanism 5 are placed inside the engine compartment 94. 
Shield material 2 blocks out the sun and has a flexible elastic character. 
For example, on the lower end of sheet 21 which may be a plastic board, a 
hollow rod 22 is affixed horizontally and onto this rod 22 is attached 
handle 23. Usually when sheet 21 is not in use, it is stored in roof 91 of 
vehicle 9, and can be lowered along the inner surface of windshield 92 by 
using handle 23 when needed. Moreover, by installing a spring which 
attaches onto the side of roof 91 and onto the upper end of shield 
material 2, it can be structured so that it will supplement the lowering 
and raising movement of shield material 2. 
An exploded analytical diagonal view of the guide mechanism is shown in 
FIG. 2, while FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the guide mechanism based on 
line 3--3 of FIG. 1. As these figures indicate, guide mechanism 3 is 
comprised of slide rail 31 whose cross-section looks like a square letter 
"C" that is buried into pillar 93, guide rail 32 whose cross-section looks 
like a square letter "C" that is installed side by side inside the slide 
rail 31, and slider 43 which can move within the guide rail 32. One end of 
rod 22 of the aforementioned shield material 2, is attached onto this 
slider 33. 
On guide rail 32, a number of stopper holes 32a are open with fixed spaces 
in between. The movable stopper protrusion 33a on slider 33 will fit into 
stopper holes 32a. These form the stopper mechanism which determines the 
fixed height of the lower end of the shield material. 
One example of the structure of the stopper protrusion is explained in FIG. 
4. As this figure shows, stopper protrusion 33a is a small cylindrical 
member and is inserted into hole 33b which is formed on slider 33, and the 
ends of its inner section is pressed toward the outer section by spring 
33c. Lever 23a on handle 23 which is attached onto rod 22 of shield 
material 2 is attached onto the side of rod 22 by spring 23b. This lever 
23a and the aforementioned stopper protrusion 33a are connected by 
co-axial cable 24. Therefore, by grabbing lever 23a on handle 23, the 
inner wire 24a of cable 24 is pulled, the stopper protrusion 33a recedes 
and shield material 2 becomes free to rise and fall. On the other hand, if 
lever 23a is released, stopper protrusion 33a advances into a stopper hole 
32a on guide rail 32, and the shield material 2 will be stopped. 
Guide rail 32 is installed in a manner such that it can move in relation to 
slide rail 31. However, it is stopped securely by a hook, that does not 
appear in the figure. 
The pull-down mechanism 4 is comprised of the power winder 41 which has a 
strong coil spring in a twisted state affixed to the inner section, the 
winder drum 42 which is attached, and the tension wire 43 which connects 
drum 42 with the lower end of aforementioned guide rail 32. Trigger 
mechanism 5 is comprised of crank 51 which is secured onto the central 
section of both sides of the vehicle and a moving lever 52 which has been 
stopped once at the lower end of crank 51 and has positioned the other end 
on the front part of the vehicle. Under normal conditions, by fitting hook 
51a which is formed on the upper end of crank 51 into a notch 42a which is 
formed on the outer part of winder drum 42a, the winder drum 42 is affixed 
in a state where it is attached by power winder 41. On the lower end of 
guide rail 32 is placed slide guide 44. It will bend smoothly towards the 
set direction when the pull-down mechanism pulls guide rail 32. 
FIG. 5 is an exterior diagram of the front section of a vehicle that has 
the guard device of the present invention installed. The above explanation 
pertained to the guard device 1 which is installed on the right side 
(driver's side in Japan) but as the same figure shows, the guard device is 
installed symmetrically on the left side (passenger's side in Japan) as 
well. 
Next, the movement of this implementation example will be explained using 
FIG. 6. FIG. 6(a) shows the condition of the guide device before 
operation, while FIG. 6(b) shows the condition of the same device during 
operation. Both diagrams indicate the condition of the passenger on the 
left side (passenger seat in Japan) of the vehicle. 
As FIG. 6(a) indicates, under normal circumstances, winder drum 42 is 
locked by crank 51 of trigger mechanism 5. Also, guide rail 32 is at a 
fixed position and shield material 2 is in a state where it can move up 
and down along this guide rail 32. In short, by moving the shield material 
2 to a fixed height using handle 23 and attaching the lower end of shield 
material 2 to guide rail 32, this shield material 2 can be used as a sun 
visor. 
Moreover, since this shield material 2 guard device is stored in the roof 
of the vehicle 9, and the pull-down mechanism 4 and trigger mechanism 5 
are placed in the engine compartment 94, installing this device does not 
decrease the space available within the vehicle. 
As FIG. 6(b) indicates, in the case of a collision by the car 9, the impact 
will apply pressure on the operational lever 52 of trigger mechanism 5 and 
will rotate crank 51. This will release hook 51a from notch 42a of winder 
drum 42 and unlock winder drum 42. Winder drum 42 will rotate with power 
winder 41 and by winding tension wire 43, guide rail 32 and the shield 
material 2 which is stopped by the guide rail will be pulled down with 
tremendous power. At this time, slide guide 44 determines the direction 
towards which the guide rail 32 will be pulled down and pulls it down so 
that it folds. 
In short, if a collision accident occurs, this guard device operates so 
that the shield material 2 is lowered immediately on the inner surface of 
the windshield 92 so that when a passenger collides his head it will 
prevent direct impact with the windshield 92. 
As explained above, according to this implementation example, in the event 
of a collision accident, the shield material 2 covers the windshield 92 
thereby decreasing impact to the head as well as preventing injuries from 
broken glass by preventing the head from going through the windshield 92. 
In addition, the guard device 1 of this implementation example can be used 
under normal circumstances as a sun visor by moving the shield material 2 
to a fixed height, allowing it to be used effectively during non-emergency 
times. 
Other examples of shield material forms are shown in FIG. 7. The shield 
material 6 in FIG. 7(a) is formed using a on-transparent material for the 
lower section 61A of sheet 61 and a transparent material for the upper 
section 61B. According to this shield material 6, even if the guard device 
1 moved as a result of a malfunction and the shield material 6 fell down, 
because the upper section 61A is transparent the driver's (or passenger's) 
view will not be blocked thereby preventing any accidents which may 
result. When used as a sun visor, since it is the lower section that will 
be mainly used if the lower section is non-transparent, there is no 
problem. 
Shield material 2 and 6 are conveniently formed using sheet 21 and 61; but 
as with shield material 7 on FIG. 7(b), it can be formed by connecting a 
number of long strips of material 71 horizontally. 
In addition, if sheet 21 of shield material 2 if formed in the shape of a 
bag and is structured so that pressurized air is blown into it during 
operation, the impact absorption effect can be increased even more. 
In this implementation example, the power winder 41 on the pull-down 
mechanism 4 is installed separately, the elasticity of a simpler structure 
coil spring can be used to pull down the shield 2. Alternatively, the 
rotation power of the engine can be used as a source of power, in which 
case a clutch can be installed between the engine output axle and the 
winder drum as a trigger mechanism. 
As explained above, as a result of the invention of this impact guard 
device, there is no longer concern about the shield losing its 
effectiveness as a result of a broken windshield, resulting in an 
effective method of preventing impact of a passenger. At the same time, as 
a result of the simple structure, it is possible to simplify labour for 
assembly, checking and maintenance. 
As for the invention using the shield material to block the sun, it can be 
used under normal circumstances as a sun visor or a sun shield, allowing 
for effective usage other than emergency situations.