Apparatus and method for locational aiming of an overhead directional service unit

An apparatus for locational aiming of an overhead directional service unit includes a body including a first end configured to be matingly engaged with a housing assembly of the overhead directional service unit and a second end longitudinally opposed to the first end. A light source is disposed within the body and operable to project a light beam from the second end in a direction defined by a longitudinal axis of the body. With the first end matingly engaged with the housing assembly, pivotal movement of the body about a pivot axis relative to a mounting assembly of the overhead directional service unit applies a leverage force to the housing assembly to pivotally reposition the housing assembly relative to the mounting assembly so that the housing assembly is directionally aimed toward a target location visually indicated by the light beam.

FIELD

The present disclosure is generally related to aircraft passenger service units and, more particularly, to apparatuses and methods for locational aiming of an overhead directional service unit of a passenger service unit of an aircraft.

BACKGROUND

Passenger service units are found in commercial or passenger aircraft above the rows of seats and are used to provide various service functions to the passengers. Typically these service functions include reading lights, personal air outlets, illuminated display symbols, and a flight attendant call. Typically, reading lights and personal air outlets take the form of an overhead directional service unit, in which a direction a service output (e.g., light or forced airflow) of the overhead directional service unit is adjustable. The controls for these service functions are generally disposed on a service panel of the passenger service unit above the seats.

Prior to certification and delivery of the aircraft, all of the overhead directional service units may be required to be directed at a predetermined location, for example, as defined by the customer. As examples, this predetermined location may be a seat or a tray table located below the overhead directional service unit. However, manual adjustment of the overhead directional service unit into an appropriate position directed toward the predetermined location may be difficult for a variety of reasons. As an example, power to the aircraft may not be available when directional adjustment of the overhead directional service unit is performed. As another example, the seats and/or tray tables that define the predetermined location may be not installed when directional adjustment of the overhead directional service unit is performed. As a result, some of the overhead directional service units may not be in the appropriate directional position, which may then require a manual check of all of the overhead directional service units and repositioning of those that are not directed at the predetermined location.

Accordingly, those skilled in the art continue with research and development efforts in the field of aircraft certification and delivery.

SUMMARY

In an example, the disclosed apparatus for locational aiming of an overhead directional service unit, which includes a mounting assembly and a housing assembly coupled with the mounting assembly and pivotal about a pivot axis with respect to the mounting assembly, includes a body having an interior chamber and a longitudinal axis. The body includes a first end configured to be matingly engaged with the housing assembly, and a second end longitudinally opposed to the first end. The apparatus further includes a light source disposed within the interior chamber of the body and operable to project a light beam from the second end in a direction defined by the longitudinal axis of the body. With the first end of the body matingly engaged with the housing assembly to be locationally aimed, pivotal movement of the body about the pivot axis relative to the mounting assembly applies a leverage force to the housing assembly to pivotally reposition the housing assembly relative to the mounting assembly so that the housing assembly is directionally aimed toward a target location visually indicated by the light beam.

In an example, the disclosed method for locational aiming of an overhead directional service unit, which includes a mounting assembly and a housing assembly coupled with the mounting assembly and pivotal about a pivot axis with respect to the mounting assembly using an aiming apparatus, includes, with the first end of the body matingly engaged with the housing assembly to be locationally aimed, pivotally moving the body about the pivot axis relative to the mounting assembly to apply the leverage force to the housing assembly to pivotally reposition the housing assembly relative to the mounting assembly so that the housing assembly is directionally aimed toward a target location visually indicated by the light beam.

In another example, the disclosed for locational aiming of an overhead directional service unit, which includes a mounting assembly and a housing assembly coupled with the mounting assembly and pivotal about a pivot axis with respect to the mounting assembly, includes the steps of: (1) matingly engaging a first end of a body of an aiming device with the housing assembly to be locationally aimed, (2) energizing a light source of the aiming device, disposed within an interior chamber of the body, to project a light beam from a second end of the body, (3) with the first end of the body of the aiming device matingly engaged with the housing assembly, pivoting the body of the aiming device about the pivot axis relative to the mounting assembly, (4) pivotally adjusting a position the housing assembly relative to the mounting assembly by applying a leverage force to the housing assembly with the body of the aiming device, and (5) directionally aiming the light beam toward a target location to pivotally position the housing assembly at a predetermined pivotal position so that a service outlet of the housing assembly is locationally aimed at the target location.

Other embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific examples and/or embodiments described by the disclosure. Other examples and/or embodiments having different structures and/or operations do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure. Like reference numerals may refer to the same feature, element or component in the different drawings.

Illustrative, non-exhaustive examples, which may be, but are not necessarily, claimed, of the subject matter according the present disclosure are provided below.

FIG. 1is a schematic view of an example of an interior of a cabin of a commercial aircraft1200. A passenger service unit176may be positioned in the cabin of the aircraft1200and with respect to a seat group.FIG. 1illustrates a plurality of overhead directional service units102utilized with and connected to a service panel178. As will be described in more detail herein, the overhead directional service unit102may be a reading light166(FIG. 2), a personal air outlet168(FIG. 2), or an integrated (e.g., combined) reading light and personal air outlet (not explicitly illustrated).

As in the illustrative example, the overhead directional service unit102may be arranged directly above a corresponding passenger seat182. Each seat182may include a control unit (not explicitly illustrated), for example, disposed on the service panel178or on the seat182. The control unit may be configured to communicate with the overhead directional service unit102corresponding to the seat182. For example, the control unit may communicate with the control board180of the passenger service unit176to control the functional service output (e.g., light and/or forced air flow) of the corresponding overhead directional service unit102. Alternatively, the functional service output of the overhead directional service unit102may be controlled manually, for example, by pressing a button switch or rotating an airflow nozzle (e.g., a gasper).

Moreover, additional overhead directional service units102may also be located in other areas (not shown) of the cabin of the aircraft1200. As examples, overhead directional service units102(e.g., reading lights166and/or personal air outlets168) may also be located in crew rest areas, the flight deck, lavatories, and any other desired location.

FIG. 2is a schematic bottom view of an example of the passenger service unit176that may be utilized in the cabin of the commercial aircraft1200(FIG. 1). The bottom view illustrates a cabin-side view of the passenger service unit176, which is available to a passenger located inside the aircraft1200. The passenger service unit176may include the service panel178and a control board180(e.g., a circuit board) (FIG. 1). The service panel178may be positioned in front of the control board180on the cabin side of the aircraft1200for designated use and mounting of the passenger service unit176.

Through the passenger service unit176, a passenger is provided with a plurality of service functions based on functional electronic service units. In the example illustrated inFIG. 2, the passenger service unit176may include a plurality of the overhead directional service units102(e.g., reading lights166, personal air outlets168, and/or integrated reading light and personal air outlet), a plurality of display fields184separated from one another for the representation or display of information (e.g., fasten seatbelt indicator or restriction of mobile devices), a loud speaker186, a plurality of service buttons188, and the like. Each of the display field184may include an assigned light to illuminate the display field184from behind in order to highlight the symbol located on the display field184. The speaker186may include an acoustic unit connected to an acoustic module arranged on the control board180. The service buttons188may include a switching element arranged on the control board180and a switch mounted on the service panel178. The service buttons188may be mechanically actuated and activated by a passenger (e.g., by pressing the service button188). The service buttons188may, for example, notify the cabin crew of an emergency or a passenger need.

It should be noted that the number of components respectively included on the passenger service unit176may differ from the number shown inFIG. 2. For example, more or fewer overhead directional service units102(e.g., reading lights166, personal air outlets168, and/or integrated reading light and personal air outlet), service buttons188, etc. may be provided.

FIGS. 3 and 4are schematic side section views of examples of the disclosed overhead directional service unit102. The overhead directional service unit102(e.g., the reading light166, the personal air outlet168, and/or the integrated reading light and personal air outlet) (FIG. 2) may provide a passenger with the ability to manually control a position of the overhead directional service unit102and thus a direction of the functional service output (e.g., light and/or forced air flow) delivered by the overhead directional service unit102.

An example of the overhead directional service unit102includes a mounting assembly120and a housing assembly122. In an example, the mounting assembly120is coupled with the service panel178in a fixed position. The housing assembly122is coupled (e.g., movably coupled) with the mounting assembly120. The housing assembly122is pivotal about a pivot axis124with respect to the mounting assembly120to adjust a direction of the functional service output delivered from the overhead directional service unit102.

The mounting assembly120may be coupled to the service panel178in a variety of ways. In an example, the mounting assembly120may include a plurality of feet extending radially outward from a base (e.g., a flange or a race) of the mounting assembly120and configured to hold the mounting assembly120in position on the service panel178. In another example, the mounting assembly120may include a circumferential ridge and a snap ring to secure the mounting assembly120to a perimeter rim of an aperture in the service panel178.

In an example, the housing assembly122may include a ball housing190having an interior space192, a first opening194disposed at an upper (e.g., first) end of the ball housing190, and a second opening196disposed at a lower (e.g., second) end of the ball housing190. The first opening194is configured to connect the interior space192to a region above the ball housing190(e.g., to an interior region of the passenger service unit176). The second opening196extends downward from the interior space192and is configured to serve as a service outlet132of the overhead directional service unit102, through which the functional service output is delivered. The ball housing190may be formed of any suitably durable and lightweight material, such as a thermoplastic material, aluminum, an alloy, and the like.

In an example, the mounting assembly120may include a socket housing198having an inner circumferential surface suitably sized and shaped to receive the outer circumferential surface of the ball housing190. In an example, the socket housing198may include an annular flange having a plurality of longitudinally extending fingers and a locking ring that encircles the flange across the tips of the fingers to hold the fingers against the outer circumferential surface of the ball housing190. As another example, the socket housing198may include an annular race mounted within the service panel178having a partially spherical shape to provide a front hemispherical engagement with the ball housing190. Thus, the ball housing190and the socket housing198may provide for a swivel connection for the housing assembly122and the mounting assembly120.

While certain examples of the housing assembly122and the mounting assembly120are provided herein as example structural configurations of the overhead directional service unit102, other structural configurations are also contemplated. Similarly, other pivotal connections, such as other ball-and-socket connections, are also contemplated.

As illustrated inFIG. 3, in an example, the ball housing190is a ball-shaped housing (e.g., having a circular cross-section in side view). In this example, a lower portion of the ball housing190extends beyond the socket housing198. The housing assembly122also includes an outlet extension136extending downwardly from the ball housing190. In an example, the outlet extension136includes a sidewall200(e.g., a continuous sidewall) coupled with the ball housing190and having an interior channel202extending the second opening196. In this example, the outlet extension136serves to position the service outlet132of the housing assembly122below the mounting assembly120and/or the service panel178. Thus, in this example, a contact surface128of the housing assembly122to which the disclosed apparatus100is matingly engaged is positioned below the mounting assembly12and/or the service panel178.

As illustrated inFIG. 4, in another example, the ball housing190is a semi-ball-shaped housing (e.g., having a semi-circular cross-section in side view). In this example, a lower portion of the ball housing190is substantially flush with the socket housing198and/or the service panel178). Thus, in this example, the contact surface128of the housing assembly122to which the disclosed apparatus100is matingly engaged is positioned proximate to (e.g., at or near) or is substantially flush with the mounting assembly12and/or the service panel178.

FIGS. 5 and 6are schematic side section views of examples of the overhead directional service unit102configured for use as the reading light166(FIG. 2). In an example, the housing assembly122may include the light-emitting module204(e.g., at least one light-emitting diode) housed within the ball housing190, for example, proximate (e.g., at or near) the lower end of the ball housing190. An electrical circuit may be formed by connecting the light-emitting module204and an electric power source (not shown) of the aircraft1200(FIG. 1). For example, the light-emitting module204may include an electrical connection extending from the interior space192and through the first opening194of the ball housing190for connection to the electric power source. As an example, the light-emitting module204may be connected to the control board180, which may also include a switch module (not shown) for illuminating the light-emitting module204upon receipt of an activation signal.

In an example, the light-emitting module204may be positioned proximate to the second opening196of the ball housing190. In another example, the light-emitting module204may be positioned within the second opening196of the ball housing190. In another example, the light-emitting module204may be positioned within the interior channel202of the outlet extension136of the ball housing190. As an example, the light-emitting module204may be suitably sized to fit within the second opening196of the ball housing190or the interior channel202of the outlet extension136. As an example, the light-emitting module204may include a generally circular shape, in end view, suitable to fit within a generally circular, in end view, second opening196of the ball housing190or the interior channel202of the outlet extension136. Other shapes for the second opening196and/or the light-emitting module204are also contemplated, for example, square, rectangular, elliptical, triangular, or other polygons.

In an example, the housing assembly122may include a lens206disposed in front of the light-emitting module204. As an example, the lens206may be connected to the housing assembly122over the second opening196of the ball housing190. Optionally, the housing assembly122may also include the reflector (not shown) disposed behind the light-emitting module204.

In an example, and as illustrated inFIG. 5, the lens206may be positioned within the outlet extension136such that at least a portion of the sidewall200of the outlet extension136extends beyond the lens206. As an example, the lens206may be suitably sized to fit within the interior channel202of the outlet extension136. As an example, the lens206may include a generally circular shape, in end view, suitable to fit within a generally circular, in end view, interior channel202of the outlet extension136. Other shapes for the interior channel202and/or the lens206are also contemplated, for example, square, rectangular, elliptical, triangular, or other polygons.

In an example, and as illustrated inFIG. 6, the lens206may be positioned within the second opening196of the ball housing190. As an example, the lens206may be suitably sized to fit within the second opening196of the ball housing190. As an example, the lens206may include a generally circular shape, in end view, suitable to fit within a generally circular, in end view, second opening196of the ball housing190. Other shapes for the second opening196and/or the lens206are also contemplated.

In another example (not illustrated), a collar (not shown) may house the lens206. The collar may be removably coupled with the housing assembly122, for example, the ball housing190or the outlet extension136.

While certain examples of the overhead directional service unit102utilized as the reading light166are provided herein as example configurations of the overhead directional service unit102, other configurations of the light-emitting module204and/or the lens206are also contemplated.

FIGS. 7 and 8are schematic side section views of examples of the overhead directional service unit102configured for use as the personal air outlet168(FIG. 2), also commonly referred to as a gasper. In an example, the housing assembly122may include a conduit connector208extending from the ball housing190and configured to connect an air source (not shown), such as a duct in the low pressure low volume air system contained within the passenger service unit176(FIG. 2). For example, the conduit connector208may be a flexible conduit connector to allow for rotating motion of the housing assembly122. An airflow (denoted by arrow) may be provided from the air source through the interior space192of the ball housing190from the first opening194to the second opening196.

In an example, the housing assembly122may also include a flow adjustment assembly210connected to the lower end of the ball housing190about the second opening196to adjust the airflow from the personal air outlet168between no air output and a fairly substantial air output.

In an example, and as illustrated inFIG. 7, the flow adjustment assembly210may include a nozzle assembly212configured to adjust the airflow exiting the service outlet132of the housing assembly122. As an example, the nozzle assembly212may include a collar coupled with the outlet extension136and a plug positioned within the outlet extension and linearly movable relative to the second opening196between a closed position and an open position in response to rotation of the collar.

In another example, and as illustrated inFIG. 8, the flow adjustment assembly210may include a shutter assembly214configured to adjust the airflow exiting the service outlet132of the housing assembly122. As an example, the shutter assembly214may include a plurality of blades positioned adjacent to (e.g., below) the second opening196, for example, by connecting the shutter assembly214to the lower end of the ball housing190about the second opening196. Each of the blades may be pivotably connected to one another, such that each blade may be successively rotated upon an adjacent blade in order to expose a larger portion of the second opening196of the ball housing190, thus providing for a greater airflow.

While certain examples of the overhead directional service unit102utilized as the personal air outlet168are provided herein as example configurations of the overhead directional service unit102, other configurations of the flow adjustment assembly210are also contemplated.

FIG. 9is a perspective view of an example of the disclosed aiming apparatus, generally referred to herein as “apparatus,”100for locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102. The apparatus100may be used for aiming the overhead directional service unit102of the passenger service unit176by visually indicating a directional orientation of the service outlet132of the overhead directional service unit102.

The apparatus100is configured to interface with multiple designs or structural configurations of different types of overhead directional service units102. For example, the apparatus100may be configured to be used with both reading lights166of different styles (e.g., the different reading lights166illustrated inFIGS. 5 and 6) and personal air outlets168of different styles (e.g., the different personal air outlets168illustrated inFIGS. 7 and 8).

The apparatus100is further configured to avoid contact with interior functional components of the overhead directional service unit102. As an example, the apparatus100may be configured to interface with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102used as the reading light166without contact with the light-emitting module204and/or the lens206(e.g.,FIGS. 5 and 6). As another example, the apparatus100may be configured to interface with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102used as the personal air outlet168without contact with the flow adjustment assembly210(e.g.,FIGS. 7 and 8).

In an example, the apparatus100includes an aiming device220configured to be manually, and removably, coupled with the overhead directional service unit102(FIGS. 1-8) of the passenger service unit176(FIGS. 1 and 2). The aiming device220enables the functional service output (e.g., light or airflow) of the overhead directional service unit102to be manually aimed at a predetermined location, referred to herein as a target location126(FIGS. 18B-18D).

Optionally, the apparatus100also includes one or more adapters134. The adapter134is configured to be removably coupled with the aiming device220. The adapter134is further configured to be manually, and removably, coupled with the overhead directional service unit102. The adapter134configured to be used as a connection interface and enables the aiming device220to be used in situations where the aiming device220cannot be directly coupled with the overhead directional service unit102, for example, due to the size, shape, style, design or type of overhead directional service unit102.

FIGS. 10 and 11are schematic side section views of examples of the apparatus100ofFIG. 9. In an example, the aiming device220includes a body104having an interior chamber106and a longitudinal axis108. The body104includes a first end116configured to be matingly engaged with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102(e.g.,FIGS. 3-8). The body104also includes a second end118longitudinally opposed to the first end116. The apparatus100also includes a light source112disposed within the interior chamber106of the body104and operable to project a light beam114(FIGS. 18B-18D) from the second end118in a direction defined by the longitudinal axis108of the body104. The body104has an aperture218formed therethrough, preferably at its second end118, through which the light beam114exits the body104. The apparatus100also includes a power source110disposed within the interior chamber106. The light source112is in electrical communication with the power source110. The apparatus100also includes a switch216disposed on an exterior of the body104and configured to energize the light source112.

The body104defines an exterior housing for the light source112, the power source110, the switch216and any other electrical, mechanical or functional components of aiming device220. In an example, body104also includes a lens222that is seated within the aperture218, which defines an optical aperture. The lens222may be made from a transparent material, such as clear plastic, glass, or another known optically transparent material. The body104may also include a power source access (not shown) to facilitate the mounting and/or dismounting of the power source110. As an example, the power source110may be one or more batteries that meet the size and electrical requirements of the light source112.

In an example, the body104may have a generally cylindrical shape (e.g., circular in cross-section) and a suitable length to be readily and comfortably used in one hand (e.g., ergonomic). Other shapes and/or ergonomic features of the body104are also contemplated. In an example, the body104may be made from a material that is durable against common chemicals and rigid enough to apply a leverage force to the housing assembly122during locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102, but is also soft enough to prevent damage to interior components of the aircraft, such as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based plastic material.

As illustrated inFIG. 10, in an example, the light source112includes at least one laser module170configured to generate and project the light beam114(e.g., a laser beam). In an example, the laser module170includes a laser element (e.g., a laser diode) configured to emit coherent light of a desired color (e.g., red, green, or blue laser light), a driving circuit electronically connected to the laser element and configured to regulate power from the power source110and cause the laser element to emit light, and a collimating lens configured to collimate emitted light into a light beam. The light source112may also include other components such as lenses, mounts, wiring, and other components.

Use of the laser module170as the light source112provides certain advantages to the disclosed apparatus100. As an example, the laser beam can eliminate focal point issues that may arise when the target location126(FIGS. 18B-18D) changes between different overhead directional service units102and/or between different aircraft. For example, a distance of the target location126from the apparatus100when coupled with the overhead directional service unit102may vary between approximately 24 inches (60 cm) and approximately 72 inches (182 cm). As an example, during certification of one aircraft, the target location126may be a seat cushion of the seat associated with the overhead directional service unit102. During certification of another aircraft, the target location126may be a tray table forward of the seat associated with the overhead directional service unit102. During certification of yet another aircraft, the target location126may be a floor panel or seat-mounting bracket corresponding to the seat associated with the overhead directional service unit102. As another example, the laser module170may remain cool during use, which can prevent thermal damage to the overhead directional service unit102and other components of the interior of the aircraft. Further, the laser beam may be configured to be clearly visible in very bright locations. The laser beam may also be configured to be clearly visible to a color-blind person, for example, green or blue laser light. As examples, the laser module170may be a Class1or a Class2laser.

As illustrated inFIG. 11, in another example, the light source112includes at least one light emitting element172configured to generate and project the light beam114. In an example, light emitting element172may include an incandescent bulb, a fluorescent bulb or, preferably, a light-emitting diode (LED). The light source112may also include a reflector disposed within the body104and a light holder movably mounted within the reflector that holds the light emitting element172. The light source112may also include other components such as lenses, mounts, wiring, and other components.

In an example, the aiming device220may also include a focusing assembly174coupled with the body104and the light source112and operable to focus the light beam114and/or adjust the focal point of the light beam. In an example, the focusing assembly may include interoperable components configured to linearly move the light holder (and the light emitting element172coupled with the light holder) relative to the reflector.

FIG. 12is a schematic side section view of an example of the disclosed apparatus100engaged with an example of the overhead directional service unit102(e.g., the overhead directional service unit102illustrated inFIG. 4). In an example, with the first end116of the body104matingly engaged with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed, pivotal movement of the body104about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102(indicated by directional arrow226) relative to the mounting assembly120applies a leverage force (indicated by arrow228) to the housing assembly122sufficient to pivotally move (e.g., reposition) the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124(indicated by directional arrow230) relative to the mounting assembly120so that the housing assembly122is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114(FIGS. 18B-18D).

As used herein, the terms “locational aiming,” “locationally aimed” and similar terms and phrases mean that the overhead directional service unit102is directed, or aimed, at a predetermined location. As an example, the overhead directional service unit102is locationally aimed when the housing assembly122is positioned at a pivotal, or rotational, orientation about the pivot axis124relative to the mounting assembly120such that the service outlet132of the housing assembly122, or the functional service output provided by the overhead directional service unit102, is directed, or aimed, toward a direction of or at a predetermined location relative to the overhead directional service unit102.

In an example, the body104has a length suitable to exert a sufficient leverage force, applied by the hand of the user, upon the housing assembly122to pivotally move the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124relative to the mounting assembly120.

In an example, the aiming device220also includes contact interface130configured to interface with the overhead directional service unit102. In an example, the contact interface130is disposed at the first end116of the body104and extends from the body104along the longitudinal axis108of the body104. In an example, the contact interface130may be positioned proximate to and run along a periphery of the first end116of the body104and defines an open space236.

The contact interface130includes an end face232. The end face232is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis108of the body104and is configured to come into mating contact with a contact surface128of the housing assembly122. In an example, the contact surface128of the housing assembly122is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122(e.g.,FIGS. 3, 4 and 12). As used herein, the term “concentric” refers to any shapes that share a common center and where a larger shape surrounds a smaller shape. As an example, the contact surface128of the housing assembly122substantially (e.g., completely) surrounds the service outlet132of the housing assembly122, regardless of the shape (e.g., in end view) of the contact surface128and/or the service outlet132. Therefore, as used herein, concentric is not limited to circular shapes.

With the first end116of the body104matingly engaged with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102, the contact interface130, and the end face232in contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122, circumscribe or otherwise surround (e.g., is positioned outside of and around a periphery of) the service outlet132so that the service outlet132is positioned within the open space236. In this manner, the contact interface130spaces the body104away from the functional components of the overhead directional service unit102disposed proximate to the lower end of the housing assembly122, whether the overhead directional service unit102is used as the reading light166(FIGS. 5 and 6) or the personal air outlet168(FIGS. 7 and 8).

As an example, and as illustrated inFIG. 3, the contact surface128of the housing assembly122may be an end surface138of the outlet extension136forming a lower periphery of the interior channel202of the outlet extension136(e.g., a periphery of the second opening196of the ball housing190). For example, the contact surface128may form a rim234of the outlet extension136defining the service outlet132.

As another example, and as illustrated inFIG. 4, the contact surface128of the housing assembly122may be an end surface270of the ball housing190forming a periphery of the second opening196of the ball housing190. For example, the contact surface128may form a rim272of the ball housing190defining the service outlet132.

In an example, the contact interface130, and the end face232, may be suitably sized and shaped, in end view, to match the size and shape, in end view, of the contact surface128of the housing assembly122and the periphery shape of the service outlet132(e.g., the second opening196of the ball housing190). As an example, the contact interface130and the end face232may have a circular or elliptical shape, in end view, (e.g., an annular contact interface130having an annular end face232) suitable to mate with a circular or elliptical, in end view, contact surface128(e.g., an annular contact surface128). A common design of the examples of the overhead directional service unit102may include an annular service outlet132(e.g., second opening196) and/or an annular outlet extension136forming an annular contact surface128. Other shapes, in end view, for the contact interface130and the end face232configured to match other shapes of the service outlet132(e.g., second opening196), the outlet extension136and/or the contact surface128are also contemplated.

In an example, the contact interface130of the body104may be formed from a soft and/or pliable material configured to comply with any contours of the contact surface128of the housing assembly122. As examples, the contact interface130may be formed from plastic, rubber, foam, or similar material. Further, at least the end face232of the contact interface130is formed from a material configured to increase friction between the contact interface130and the contact surface128while not damaging (e.g., scratching, marring, scoring, contaminating, leaving residue or otherwise marking) the contact surface128, an exterior surface of the overhead directional service unit102or a surface of the service panel178or cabin of the aircraft. As examples, the end face232may be formed from plastic, rubber, foam, or similar material.

FIG. 13is a schematic side section view of another example of the disclosed apparatus100engaged with another example of the overhead directional service unit102(e.g., the overhead directional service unit102illustrated inFIG. 3). In an example, the aiming device220includes an insert member140disposed at the first end116of the body104. The insert member140is configured to be inserted within the outlet extension136(e.g., positioned at least partially within the interior channel202of the outlet extension136) of the housing assembly122that defines the service outlet132of the housing assembly122. In an example, the insert member140may also include a gasket238disposed around an exterior surface of the insert member140and configured to form an interference fit between the insert member140and an interior surface of the outlet extension136.

In an example, the body104also includes a shoulder142that extends perpendicularly outward from the insert member140. In an example, the shoulder142defines or includes the contact interface130, having the end face232, that is configured to come into mating contact with the contact surface128of the outlet extension136that is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

With the insert member140of the body104matingly inserted within the outlet extension136of the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102, the contact interface130, and the end face232in contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122, circumscribe or otherwise surround the service outlet132and an end of the insert member140is spaced away from the functional components of the overhead directional service unit102disposed proximate to the second opening196. Pivotal movement of the body104about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102(indicated by directional arrow226) relative to the mounting assembly120applies a leverage force (indicated by arrow228) to the housing assembly122sufficient to pivotally move (e.g., reposition) the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124(indicated by directional arrow230) relative to the mounting assembly120so that the housing assembly122is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114(FIGS. 18B-18D).

In an example, the insert member140may be suitably sized and shaped to match and be inserted within the outlet extension136. As an example, the insert member140may have a circular or elliptical shape, in cross-section, suitable to mate within a circular or elliptical, in end view, interior channel202of the outlet extension136. A common design of the examples of the overhead directional service unit102may include an annular (e.g., circular in cross-section) outlet extension136. Other shapes for the insert member140configured to match other shapes of the outlet extension136are also contemplated.

FIG. 14is a schematic partial side section view of another example of the disclosed apparatus100engaged with another example of the overhead directional service unit102(e.g., the overhead directional service unit102illustrated inFIG. 3). In an example, the aiming device220includes a receiver member144disposed at the first end116of the body104. The receiver member144includes a sidewall246(e.g., a continuous sidewall) forming an opening146configured to receive the outlet extension136of the housing assembly122. The outlet extension136defines the service outlet132of the housing assembly122. In an example, the receiver member144may also include a gasket240disposed around an interior surface of the sidewall246(e.g., within the opening146) and configured to form an interference fit between the receiver member144and an exterior surface of the outlet extension136.

In an example, the body104also includes a shoulder148extending perpendicularly inward from the sidewall246of the receiver member144into the opening146. In an example, the shoulder148defines or includes the contact interface130, having the end face232, that is configured to come into mating contact with the contact surface128of the outlet extension136. The contact surface128is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

With the receiver member144of the body104having matingly received the outlet extension136of the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102, the contact interface130, and the end face232in contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122, circumscribe or otherwise surround the service outlet132and a lower end of the receiver member144is spaced away from the functional components of the overhead directional service unit102disposed proximate to the second opening196. Pivotal movement of the body104about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102(indicated by directional arrow226) relative to the mounting assembly120applies a leverage force (indicated by arrow228) to the housing assembly122sufficient to pivotally move (e.g., reposition) the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124(indicated by directional arrow230) relative to the mounting assembly120so that the housing assembly122is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114.

In an example, the receiver member144, and the opening146, may be suitably sized and shaped to match and receive the outlet extension136. As an example, the receiver member144, and the opening146, may have a circular or elliptical shape, in cross-section, suitable to mate with a circular or elliptical, in end view, outlet extension136(e.g., an annular receiver member144). Other shapes for the receiver member144, and the opening146, configured to match other shapes of the outlet extension136are also contemplated.

FIGS. 15-17are schematic partial side section views of other examples of the disclosed apparatus100used with examples of the adapter134engaged between the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220and the overhead directional service unit102. As mentioned above, the adapter134may be used as a connection interface and enables the aiming device220to be coupled with the housing assembly122when the aiming device220cannot be directly coupled with the overhead directional service unit102, for example, due to the size, shape, style, design or type of overhead directional service unit102. Providing adapters134having various sizes, shapes, and/or configurations enables the same aiming device220to be used with many different styles of overhead directional service units102.

In an example, the adapter134also includes a body interface152. The body interface152is configured to be releasably coupled with the body104of the aiming device220. In an example, the body interface152includes a continuous sidewall248forming an opening250configured to receive the first end116of the body104. The body interface152may also include a gasket252disposed around an interior surface of the sidewall248(e.g., within the opening146) and configured to form an interference fit between an interior surface of the sidewall248of the body interface152and an exterior surface of the body104of the aiming device220. Optionally, the exterior surface of the body104may include a groove254(FIG. 9) disposed proximate to the first end116and configured to accept the gasket252when the adapter134is coupled with the body104.

In an example, the adapter134also includes a housing assembly interface150coupled with the body interface152. The housing assembly interface150is configured to match the particular style of the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed. With the adapter134coupled with the body104of the aiming device220, the housing assembly interface150is configured to interface with the housing assembly122during locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102.

In an example, the housing assembly interface150of the adapter134includes a contact interface242configured to interface with the overhead directional service unit102. The contact interface130includes an end face244disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis108of the body104and configured to come into mating contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122. The contact interface242and the end face244may be substantially the same as the contact interface130of the body104and the end face232of the contact interface130described above (e.g.,FIGS. 9-14).

As illustrated inFIG. 15, in an example of the adapter134, referenced herein as a first adapter134-1, the housing assembly interface150includes the contact interface242having the end face244configured to be matingly engaged with the housing assembly122. The first adapter134-1is configured to for use when the contact surface128of the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102has a size and/or shape differing from the size and/or shape of the contact interface130of the aiming device220.

As an example, with the first end116of the body104matingly engaged with the body interface152of the first adapter134-1and the housing assembly interface150matingly engaged with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102, the contact interface242of the first adapter134-1, and the end face244in contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122, circumscribe or otherwise surround the service outlet132so that the service outlet132is positioned within an open space256defined by the contact interface242. Pivotal movement of the body104about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102(indicated by directional arrow226) relative to the mounting assembly120applies a leverage force (indicated by arrow228) to the housing assembly122sufficient to pivotally move (e.g., reposition) the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124(indicated by directional arrow230) relative to the mounting assembly120so that the housing assembly122is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114.

As illustrated inFIG. 16, in another example of the adapter134, referenced herein as a second adapter134-2, the housing assembly interface150includes an insert member154. The insert member154is configured to be inserted within the outlet extension136(e.g., positioned at least partially within the interior channel202of the outlet extension136) of the housing assembly122that defines the service outlet132of the housing assembly122. In an example, the insert member54may also include a gasket238disposed around an exterior surface of the insert member140and configured to form an interference fit between the insert member154and an interior surface of the outlet extension136.

In an example, the housing assembly interface150also includes a shoulder156that extends perpendicularly outward from the insert member154. In an example, the shoulder156defines or includes the contact interface242, having the end face244, that is configured to come into mating contact with the contact surface128of the outlet extension136. The contact surface128is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

In an example, with the first end116of the body104matingly engaged with the body interface152of the first adapter134-1and the insert member154of the second adapter134-2matingly inserted within the outlet extension136of the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102, the contact interface242, and the end face244in contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122, circumscribe or otherwise surround the service outlet132and an end of the insert member154is spaced away from the functional components of the overhead directional service unit102disposed proximate to the second opening196. Pivotal movement of the body104about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102(indicated by directional arrow226) relative to the mounting assembly120applies a leverage force (indicated by arrow228) to the housing assembly122sufficient to pivotally move (e.g., reposition) the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124(indicated by directional arrow230) relative to the mounting assembly120so that the housing assembly122is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114.

As illustrated inFIG. 17, in another example of the adapter134, referenced herein as a third adapter134-3, the housing assembly interface150includes a receiver member158. The receiver member158includes a sidewall258(e.g., a continuous sidewall) forming an opening260configured to receive the outlet extension136of the housing assembly122that defines the service outlet132of the housing assembly122. In an example, the receiver member158may also include a gasket240disposed around an interior surface of the sidewall258(e.g., within the opening260) and configured to form an interference fit between the receiver member158and an exterior surface of the outlet extension136.

In an example, the housing assembly interface150also includes a shoulder160extending perpendicularly inward from the sidewall258of the receiver member158into the opening260. In an example, the shoulder160defines or includes the contact interface242, having the end face244, that is configured to come into mating contact with the contact surface128of the outlet extension136. The contact surface128is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

In an example, with the first end116of the body104matingly engaged with the body interface152of the first adapter134-1and the receiver member158of the third adapter134-3having matingly received the outlet extension136of the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102, the contact interface242, and the end face244in contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122, circumscribe or otherwise surround the service outlet132and a lower end of the receiver member158is spaced away from the functional components of the overhead directional service unit102disposed proximate to the second opening196. Pivotal movement of the body104about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102(indicated by directional arrow226) relative to the mounting assembly120applies a leverage force (indicated by arrow228) to the housing assembly122sufficient to pivotally move (e.g., reposition) the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124(indicated by directional arrow230) relative to the mounting assembly120so that the housing assembly122is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114.

Referring toFIGS. 9-17, the switch216may include a switching element in electrical communication with the power source110and the light source112and configured to energize the light source112upon actuation of the switch216. In an example, the switch216includes a normally open (N.O.) switch162(e.g.,FIGS. 12-17) so that the aiming device220projects the light beam114(FIGS. 18B-18D) only while the N.O. switch162is actively engaged by the user (e.g., only while a push-button is engaged). Use of the N.O. switch162may provide a beneficial safety feature that prevents the light source112from being unintentionally left in an energized state. Other types of switching elements, such as a changeover switch, are also contemplated.

In an example, the switch216may be configured to be actuated only in response to the body104of the aiming device220being engaged with the overhead directional service unit102. As an example, the N.O. switch162may be positioned at the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220so that pressure applied to the contact interface130, such as between the contact interface130and the contact surface128(e.g.,FIGS. 12-14) or between the contact interface130and an interior surface of the body interface152of the adapter134(e.g.,FIGS. 15-17) actuates the N.O. switch162. As an example, the N.O. switch162may be mounted to the first end116of the body104(e.g., within a groove disposed in the first end116) inside of the contact interface130behind the end face232so that compression of the contact interface130actuates the N.O. switch162. Use of the N.O. switch162in this manner may provide a beneficial feature that prevents the light source112from being energized unless the apparatus100is in use to locationally aim the overhead directional service unit102. This may be particularly beneficial when the light source112is the laser module170.

FIGS. 18A-18Dillustrate various different example positions of the overhead directional service unit102and target locations126during a locational aiming operation using the disclosed apparatus100. An example implementation for locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102using the disclosed apparatus100includes, with the aiming device220matingly engaged with the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed (e.g., either directly or via the adapter134), pivotally moving the apparatus100about the pivot axis124to apply the leverage force to overhead directional service unit102and to pivotally reposition the overhead directional service unit102so that the overhead directional service unit102is directionally aimed toward the target location126visually indicated by the light beam114.

As illustrated inFIG. 18A, the overhead directional service unit102may not initially be directed toward an appropriate location (e.g., the direction of the service outlet132based on the pivotal orientation of the housing assembly122about the pivot axis124relative to the mounting assembly120) (FIGS. 3 and 4). As illustrated inFIGS. 18B-D, the apparatus100may be used to locationally aim the overhead directional service unit102by applying the leverage force to the overhead directional service unit102to directionally reposition (e.g., pivot or rotate) the overhead directional service unit102so that the functional service output is directed, or aimed, at the target location126as visually indicated by positioning a spot of the light beam114proximate to the target location. As illustrated inFIG. 18B, in an example, the target location126may be disposed on the seat associated with the overhead directional service unit102. As illustrated inFIG. 18C, in another example, the target location126may be disposed on the tray table forward of the seat associated with the overhead directional service unit102. As illustrated inFIG. 18D, in another example, the target location126may be disposed on the floor panel of an uninstalled seat associated with the overhead directional service unit102.

Referring toFIG. 19, in an example, the apparatus100may also include a target placard164. The target placard164may be used when the target location126is not available (e.g., when target location is a seat that has not been installed) or when the target location126is obscured by another structure of the interior of the cabin of the aircraft. During use, the target placard164may be positioned at a predetermined location representative of the target location126. The target placard164may include one or more target images262(e.g., concentric circular target images, crosshair target images and the like). The target image262may be configured based, at least in part, on the required precision of the locational aiming requirement of the overhead directional service unit102. The target placard164may also include one or more indexing images268located relative to the target image262and configured to allow the target placard164to be quickly and accurately located relative to another structure of the interior of the aircraft. In another example, a surface of the target placard164may be configured to reflect or otherwise react to the light beam114, for example, to provide increased visual recognition of the location of the spot of the light beam114on the surface of the target placard164.

Referring back toFIG. 9, in an example, the lens222of the aiming device220may be configured to convert the light beam114into a preselected shape or pattern when projected onto the target location126. As examples, the preselected shape or pattern of the light beam114may include a crosshair, a circle, a line, and the like.

Alternatively, in another example, the apparatus100may also include at least one pattern attachment264. The pattern attachment264is configured to be removably coupled with the second end118of the body104of the aiming device220. In an example, the pattern attachment264includes a lens266configured to convert the light beam114into a preselected shape or pattern when projected onto the target location126. As examples, the preselected shape or pattern of the light beam114may include a crosshair, a circle, a line, and the like.

FIG. 20is a flow diagram of an example of the disclosed method500for locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102using the disclosed apparatus100. As shown at block502, the method500may begin by matingly engaging the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed. As shown at block504, the light source112of the aiming device220, disposed within the interior chamber106of the body104, is energized to project the light beam114from the second end of the body104. As shown at block506, with the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220matingly engaged with the housing assembly122, the body104of the aiming device220is pivoted about the pivot axis124of the overhead directional service unit102relative to the mounting assembly120. As shown at block508, a position of the housing assembly122relative to the mounting assembly120is pivotally adjusted by applying the leverage force to the housing assembly122with the body104of the aiming device220. As shown at block510, the light beam114is directionally aimed toward the target location126to pivotally position the housing assembly122at a predetermined pivotal position so that the service outlet132of the housing assembly122is locationally aimed at the target location126.

As shown at block512, the method500may also include temporarily positioning the target placard164at the target location126, wherein the operational step of directionally aiming the light beam114toward the target location126includes directionally aiming the light beam114onto the target placard.

As shown at block514, in an example, the operational step of energizing the light source112of the aiming device220includes actuating the normally open switch162upon mating engagement of the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220with the housing assembly122.

As shown at block516, in an example, the operational step of matingly engaging the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed includes bringing the contact interface130of the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220into mating contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122that is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

As shown at blocks518and520, in another example, the operational step of matingly engaging the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed includes coupling the adapter134to the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220and bringing the contact interface242of the adapter134into mating contact with the contact surface128of the outlet extension136that is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

As shown at blocks522and524, in another example, the operational step of matingly engaging the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220with the housing assembly122of the overhead directional service unit102to be locationally aimed includes coupling the adapter134to the first end116of the body104of the aiming device220and bringing the contact interface242of the adapter134into mating contact with the contact surface128of the housing assembly122that is concentric with the service outlet132of the housing assembly122.

Examples of the apparatus100and method500for locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102disclosed herein may find use in a variety of potential applications, particularly in the transportation industry, including for example, aerospace, marine, and automotive applications. Thus, referring now toFIGS. 21 and 22, examples of the apparatus100and method500may be used in the context of an aircraft manufacturing and service method1100, as shown in the flow diagram ofFIG. 21, and the aircraft1200, as shown inFIG. 22. Aircraft applications of the disclosed examples may include locational aiming of a plurality of overhead directional service units102of passenger service units176of the aircraft1200prior to certification and delivery to the customer.

As shown inFIG. 21, during pre-production, the illustrative method1100may include specification and design, as shown at block1102, of aircraft1200and material procurement, as shown at block1104. During production, component and subassembly manufacturing, as shown at block1106, and system integration, as shown at block1108, of the aircraft1200may take place. Thereafter, the aircraft1200may go through certification and delivery, as shown block1110, to be placed in service, as shown at block1112. Locational aiming of the overhead directional service unit102using the disclosed apparatus100may be accomplished as a portion of system integration (block1108) and/or certification and delivery (block1110). While in service, the aircraft1200may be scheduled for routine maintenance and service, as shown at block1114. Routine maintenance and service may include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, etc. of one or more systems of the aircraft1200.

As shown inFIG. 22, the aircraft1200produced by the illustrative method may include an airframe1202, a plurality of high-level systems1204and an interior1206, for example, that includes passenger service units176having a plurality of the overhead directional service units102. Examples of the high-level systems1204include one or more of a propulsion system1208, an electrical system1210, a hydraulic system1212and an environmental system1214. Any number of other systems may be included. Although an aerospace example is shown, the principles disclosed herein may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry, the marine industry, and the like.

Examples of the apparatuses and methods shown or described herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the manufacturing and service method shown in flow diagram1100. For example, components or subassemblies corresponding to component and subassembly manufacturing (block1106) may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while the aircraft1200is in service (block1112). Also, one or more examples of the apparatuses, methods or combination thereof may be utilized during production stages (blocks1108and1110). Similarly, one or more examples of the apparatuses, and methods or a combination thereof, may be utilized, for example and without limitation, while the aircraft1200is in service (block1112) and during maintenance and service stage (block1114).

Reference herein to “example” means that one or more feature, structure, element, component, characteristic and/or operational step described in connection with the example is included in at least one embodiment and or implementation of the subject matter according to the present disclosure. Thus, the phrases “an example,” “another example,” and similar language throughout the present disclosure may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same example. Further, the subject matter characterizing any one example may, but does not necessarily, include the subject matter characterizing any other example.

Reference herein to “configured” denotes an actual state of configuration that fundamentally ties the element or feature to the physical characteristics of the element or feature preceding the phrase “configured to”.

Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used herein merely as labels, and are not intended to impose ordinal, positional, or hierarchical requirements on the items to which these terms refer. Moreover, reference to a “second” item does not require or preclude the existence of lower-numbered item (e.g., a “first” item) and/or a higher-numbered item (e.g., a “third” item).

As used herein, the terms “approximately” and “about” represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs the desired function or achieves the desired result. For example, the terms “approximately” and “about” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of the stated amount.

As used herein, the term “substantially” may include exactly and similar, which is to an extent that it may be perceived as being exact. For illustration purposes only and not as a limiting example, the term “substantially” may be quantified as a variance of +/−5% from the exact or actual. For example, the phrase “A is substantially the same as B” may encompass embodiments where A is exactly the same as B, or where A may be within a variance of +/−5%, for example of a value, of B, or vice versa.

As used herein, the terms “partially” or “at least a portion of” may represent an amount of a whole that includes an amount of the whole that may include the whole. For example, the term “a portion of” may refer to an amount that is greater than 0.01% of, greater than 0.1% of, greater than 1% of, greater than 10% of, greater than 20% of, greater than 30% of, greater than 40% of, greater than 50% of, greater than 60%, greater than 70% of, greater than 80% of, greater than 90% of, greater than 95% of, greater than 99% of, and 100% of the whole.

InFIG. 22, referred to above, solid lines, if any, connecting various elements and/or components represent mechanical, electrical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic and other couplings and/or combinations thereof. As used herein, “coupled” means associated directly as well as indirectly. For example, a member A may be directly associated with a member B, or may be indirectly associated therewith, e.g., via another member C. It will be understood that not all relationships among the various disclosed elements are necessarily represented. Accordingly, couplings other than those depicted in the block diagrams may also exist. Dashed lines, if any, connecting blocks designating the various elements and/or components represent couplings similar in function and purpose to those represented by solid lines; however, couplings represented by the dashed lines are either selectively provided or relate to alternative examples of the present disclosure. Likewise, elements and/or components, if any, represented with dashed lines, indicate alternative examples of the present disclosure. One or more elements shown in solid and/or dashed lines may be omitted from a particular example without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Environmental elements, if any, are represented with dotted lines. Virtual (imaginary) elements may also be shown for clarity. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some of the features illustrated inFIG. 22may be combined in various ways without the need to include other features described inFIG. 22, other drawing figures, and/or the accompanying disclosure, even though such combination or combinations are not explicitly illustrated herein. Similarly, additional features not limited to the examples presented, may be combined with some or all of the features shown and described herein.

Although various examples of the disclosed apparatus and method have been shown and described, modifications may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. The present application includes such modifications and is limited only by the scope of the claims.