Handling redundant data in a communication system

In multi flow high speed downlink packed access, MF HSDPA, communication between a radio network controller, RNC, (105) and two Node Bs (104), redundant RLC PDUs are handled by being discarded in the Node B. The discarding can be controlled via a timer in the Node B or by way of additional signalling between the RNC and the Node B.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to handling redundant data communicated between different entities in a radio access network, such as radio base stations and radio network controllers.

BACKGROUND

The third generation partnership project, 3GPP, is currently working on specifying how HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) systems are to continuously develop in order to enable higher performance. The development includes several features for both UL (Uplink) and DL (Downlink) to enhance the system performance and the capacity as well as enabling a better user experience. Examples of developments are downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) (Release 7 of the 3GPP specifications) and dual cell/dual band HSDPA (Release 8 & 9). Currently in 3GPP radio access network working group RAN 2, a work item is ongoing to specify HSDPA Multiflow Data Transmission (MF-HSDPA) for Release 11 of the 3GPP specifications.

Hence, the concept of MF-HSDPA is to allow UEs (User Equipment nodes, also referred to as mobile/wireless terminals) to receive HSDPA data from two separate cells. The cells can belong to the same Node B, i.e. radio base station, (intra-site MF-HSDPA) or to different Node Bs (inter-site MF-HSDPA). In the former case, the solution is similar to DC-HSDPA (Dual Cell/Carrier HSDPA), but on the same frequency, with a data split in the MAC-ehs (Medium Access Control enhanced high speed) layer. In the inter-site case, the split may be in either the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) or RLC (Radio Link Control) layer. Presently, the discussions are still ongoing of where to do the split. InFIG. 7, an illustration of inter-site MF-HSDPA is seen. The data is split in the RNC (Radio Network Controller), transmitted along the two links to the UE.

A potential benefit of introducing MF-HSDPA is that cell edge users may often suffer from bad coverage and/or low throughput which may bring down the overall system capacity. If these users could use available resources from neighbouring cells, i.e. receive data also from the non-serving cell, their situation could be significantly improved. This would improve the overall system capacity and the user performance for cell edge users.

As mentioned above, there are two alternatives of where to split the data between the links for inter-site MF-HSDPA, i.e., either split the data at the PDCP layer or at the RLC layer.

Communication links between a RNC and Node Bs are realized by way of the so-called lub interface. Data is communicated between the RNC and Node Bs using data frames carrying RLC PDU(s) (Protocol Data Unit(s)) encapsulated in Medium Access Control dedicated, MAC-d, PDU(s).

When RLC transmissions get stuck on one link, it may be a good alternative to retransmit the RLC PDU(s) (Protocol Data Unit(s)) over the other link, as illustrated inFIG. 8. If the retransmission cannot get through over the other link either, further retransmissions could be switched back to the original link. However, in this case there could be old copies of RLC PDUs existing at the link(s) besides the last retransmitted copy. This may cause certain problems. First, the redundant copies waste resources. The second issue relates to a case when the RLC PDU sequence number (SN) wraps around. The RLC receiver window may move forward when the retransmitted PDU is received at the UE. Since the other copies could take quite a while before arriving at the UE, the RLC SN could wrap around. When this happens and the delayed copy is eventually received by the UE, it may be treated as an original transmission. This may result in: (1) a lot of unnecessary retransmission due to the misjudged “missing SN”; and/or (2) the UE assembling the “old” retransmitted RLC PDUs with this misjudged new data causing “corrupted RLC SDUs” to be delivered to higher layers.

SUMMARY

In order to mitigate at least some of the drawbacks as discussed above, there are provided methods, apparatuses and computer program products in several aspects.

In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method in a radio base station. The radio base station is configured to participate in inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via the radio base station and at least one other radio base station. Data is communicated from a radio network controller to the radio base station and the at least one other radio base station in MAC-d PDUs. The method comprises receiving a MAC-d PDU. A timer is associated with the MAC-d PDU and the timer is set to expire after a predetermined time period. The received MAC-d PDU are discarded if no HARQ process has been assigned for transfer of the MAC-d PDU to the first user equipment upon expiry of the timer.

In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method in a radio base station. The radio base station is configured to participate in inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via the radio base station and at least one other radio base station. Data is communicated from a radio network controller to the radio base station and the at least one other radio base station for forwarding to the first user equipment in RLC PDUs encapsulated in MAC-d PDUs. The method comprises receiving MAC-d PDUs and buffering the received MAC-d PDUs in a queue pending transfer to the first user equipment. A discard indication signal is received from the radio network controller instructing the radio base station to discard one or more RLC PDUs. The MAC-d PDUs currently in the queue pending transfer to the first user equipment are searched through and any MAC-d PDUs found in the queue containing a RLC PDU comprised in said one or more RLC PDUs are discarded.

In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method in a radio network controller. The radio network controller is configured for inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via at least two radio base stations. Data is communicated from the radio network controller to the at least two radio base stations for forwarding to the first user equipment in RLC PDUs encapsulated in MAC-d PDUs. The method comprises detecting a need to discard one or more identified RLC PDUs in a first radio base station among said at least two radio base stations. A discard indication signal is then transmitted to the first radio base station instructing the first radio base station to discard said one or more identified RLC PDUs.

In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a radio base station. The radio base station is configurable for participating in inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via the radio base station and at least one other radio base station. Data is communicated from a radio network controller to the radio base station and the at least one other radio base station in MAC-d PDUs. The radio base station comprises a receiver arranged to receive a MAC-d PDU and digital data processing circuitry. The digital data processing circuitry is operable connected to the receiver and arranged to associate a timer with the MAC-d PDU and setting the timer to expire after a predetermined time period. The digital data processing circuitry is further arranged to discard the received MAC-d PDU if no HARQ process has been assigned for transfer of the MAC-d PDU to the first user equipment upon expiry of the timer.

In a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a radio base station. The radio base station is configurable for participating in inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via the radio base station and at least one other radio base station. Data is communicated from a radio network controller to the radio base station and the at least one other radio base station for forwarding to the first user equipment in RLC PDUs encapsulated in MAC-d PDUs. The radio base station comprises a receiver and digital data processing circuitry operable connected to the receiver. The receiver is arranged to receive MAC-d PDUs and further to receive a discard indication signal from the radio network controller instructing the radio base station to discard one or more RLC PDUs. The digital data processing circuitry is arranged to buffer the received MAC-d PDUs in a queue pending transfer to the first user equipment and further arranged to, upon the receiver receiving the discard indication signal, search through the MAC-d PDUs currently in the queue pending transfer to the first user equipment and to discard any MAC-d PDUs found in the queue containing a RLC PDU comprised in said one or more RLC PDUs.

In a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a radio network controller. The radio network controller is configurable for inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via at least two radio base stations and wherein data is communicated from the radio network controller to the at least two radio base stations for forwarding to the first user equipment in RLC PDUs encapsulated in MAC-d PDUs. The radio network controller comprises digital data processing circuitry arranged to detect a need to discard one or more identified RLC PDUs in a first radio base station among said at least two radio base stations. The digital data processing circuitry is further arranged to generate a discard indication signal for transmission to the first radio base station. The radio network controller also comprises a transmitter, operable connected to the digital data processing circuitry and arranged to transmit the generated discard indication signal to the first radio base station.

In a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a non-transitory computer program product comprising software instructions that are configured, when executed in a processing device, to perform the method of any of the first, second and third aspect.

An advantage of embodiments of the invention is that, when operating in a MF-HSDPA scenario, the risk for unnecessary retransmissions of RLC PDUs over the air interface can be reduced. Also, by discarding redundant RLC PDUs, the risk for user equipments assembling corrupted RLC PDUs that are delivered to higher layers in the user equipments can be reduced.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1illustrates schematically a mobile communication system in the form of a cellular network100in which the present methods and apparatuses can be implemented. The cellular network100inFIG. 1is exemplified by a universal mobile telecommunications system, UMTS. It should be noted, however, that the skilled person will readily be able to perform implementations in other similar communication systems involving transmission of coded data between nodes.

InFIG. 1the cellular network100comprises a core network102and a UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN,103. The UTRAN103comprises a number of nodes in the form of radio network controllers, RNC,105a,105b, each of which is coupled via a so-called transport network, TN,112, to a set of neighbouring nodes in the form of a first, a second and a third NodeB104a,104b,104c. The NodeBs are also referred to as radio base stations. Each NodeB104is responsible for a given geographical radio cell and the controlling RNC105is responsible for routing user and signalling data between that NodeB104and the core network102. All of the RNCs105are coupled to one another. Signaling between the Node Bs and the RNCs includes signalling according to the lub interface. A general outline of the UTRAN103is given in 3GPP technical specification TS 25.401 V10.2.0.

FIG. 1also illustrates communicating entities in the form of mobile devices or user equipment, UE. A first UE106acommunicates with the first NodeB104avia an air interface111and a second UE106bcommunicates with the first NodeB104aand with the second NodeB104bvia the air interface111. As will be elucidated in some detail below, the second UE106boperates by utilizing MF-HSDPA in relation to the two NodeB's104aand104b.

The core network102comprises a number of nodes represented by node107and provides communication services to the UEs106via the UTRAN103, for example for communication between UEs connected to the UTRAN103or other mobile or fixed networks and when communicating with the Internet109where, schematically, a server110illustrates an entity with which the mobile devices106may communicate. As the skilled person realizes, the network100inFIG. 1may comprise a large number of similar functional units in the core network102and the UTRAN103, and in typical realizations of networks, the number of mobile devices may be very large.

FIG. 2is a functional block diagram that schematically illustrates an example of a radio network controller, RNC,200that is configured to operate in a radio access network, such as the UTRAN103inFIG. 1. In the embodiment ofFIG. 2, the RNC200represents a RNC, such as any of the RNC's105inFIG. 1.

The RNC200comprises digital data processing circuitry comprising processing means, memory means and communication means in the form of a processor202, a memory204and communication circuitry206that includes a transmitter216capable of transmitting data to other entities in the network. For example, the circuitry of these means202,204and206can comprise and/or form part of one or more application specific integrated circuit, ASIC, as well as one or more digital signal processor, DSP. The RNC200receives data212via an incoming data path210and transmits data214via an outgoing data path208. The data210,212can be any of uplink and downlink data, as the skilled person will realize.

The methods to be described below can be implemented in the RNC200. In such embodiments, the method actions are realized by means of software instructions205that are stored in the memory204and are executable by the processor202. Such software instructions205can be realized and provided to the RNC200in any suitable way, e.g. provided via the networks102,103or being installed during manufacturing, as the skilled person will realize. Moreover, the memory204, the processor202, as well as the communication circuitry206comprise software and/or firmware that, in addition to being configured such that it is capable of implementing the methods to be described, is configured to control the general operation of the RNC200when operating in a communication system such as the system100inFIG. 1. However, for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary detail, no further description will be made in the present disclosure regarding this general operation.

FIG. 3is a functional block diagram that schematically illustrates an example of a radio base station, RBS, in the form of a Node B300, corresponding to any of the Node Bs106inFIG. 1. The Node B300comprises radio frequency, RF, receiving and transmitting circuitry306, an antenna307, communication circuitry308and digital processing circuitry comprising a processor302and a memory304. The communication circuitry308includes a receiver313capable of receiving data from other entities in the network. Radio communication via the antenna307is realized by the RF circuitry306controlled by the processor302, as the skilled person will understand. The circuitry of means302,304, and308can comprise and/or form part of one or more application specific integrated circuit, ASIC, as well as one or more digital signal processor, DSP. The processor302makes use of software instructions305stored in the memory304in order to control functions of the Node B300, including the functions to be described in detail below with regard to handling of PDUs. Further details regarding how these units operate in order to perform normal functions within a communication system, such as the system100ofFIG. 1, are outside the scope of the present disclosure and are therefore not discussed further.

Turning now toFIGS. 4, 5 and 6, and with continued reference to the previous figures, examples of methods for handling PDUs will be described in some more detail.FIG. 4describes a first method in a radio base station, RBS, or Node B, such as a Node B as illustrated by the Node Bs104inFIG. 1and the node B300inFIG. 3.FIG. 5describes a second method in a RBS or Node B, such as a Node B as illustrated by the Node Bs104inFIG. 1and the node B300inFIG. 3.FIG. 6describes a method in a RNC, such as any of the RNCs105inFIG. 1and the RNC200inFIG. 2. The methods ofFIGS. 5 and 6describe behaviour in separate interrelated products that facilitate a discard of redundant data.

The first method in a RBS or Node B is illustrated inFIG. 4. The radio base station is configured to participate in inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via the radio base station and at least one other radio base station. Data is communicated from a radio network controller to the radio base station and the at least one other radio base station in MAC-d PDUs.

The first method in a RBS commences with a reception step402in which a MAC-d PDU is received. A timer is associated, in a timer step404, with the MAC-d PDU. The timer is set to expire after a predetermined time period. The received MAC-d PDU is discarded, in a discard step406, if no HARQ process has been assigned for transfer of the MAC-d PDU to the first user equipment upon expiry of the timer.

The timer setting can be set and adaptively updated according to several factors. For example, the cell load, the downlink, DL, radio link quality (CQI or Channel Quality Indicator), the uplink, UL, radio link quality (noise rise), or even the service QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. Other factors related to RLC can also be considered. Further, the timer can be set/updated also based on the MAC-d PDU sizes, for example, a long timer can be defined for relatively large PDU sizes, and a short timer can be defined for relatively small PDU sizes. The timer setting can be mandated by the RNC, in which case the setting can be included in NBAP signalling or carried in band with the lub frames. It is also possible that the Node B chooses the timer setting, in which case no extra signalling is needed.

When a MAC-d PDU is received by the Node B, it is put into, i.e. buffered in, it's associated priority queue (PQ). Then, the timer will be started. If a HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) process is assigned to transfer the MAC-d PDU before the timer expires, the timer will be stopped. If before this timer expires there is no data transfer initiated at the HARQ process, the related MAC-d PDU will be cleared (or discarded). All MAC-d PDUs received by the Node B in the same HS-DSCH (High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel) data frame should be buffered in the same PQ. It is also possible to have a common (single) timer associated with all MAC-d PDUs received in the same HS-DSCH data frame.

As shown inFIG. 9, an example of the timer based procedure is illustrated by steps (1) to (5). In a first step (1), MAC-d PDUs (encapsulating/carrying RLC PDUs) are transmitted from the RNC to the Node Bs, RBS1, RBS2. Note thatFIG. 9only shows transmissions to RBS 1 although in most cases MAC-d PDUs would be transmitted to both RBS1 and RBS2. When the MAC-d PDUs are received in the RBS they are put in the priority queue and a timer is started, step (2), individually for each MAC-d PDU. If the timer expires for any MAC-d PDU this PDU will be cleared from the priority queue in step (3). When the UE discovers that a RLC PDU is not received, it will transmit a NACK status report to the RNC in step (4). Upon reception of the NACK status report, the RNC will initiate a RLC retransmission of the RLC PDU in step (5). The retransmission involves transmitting a MAC-d PDU encapsulating/carrying the RLC PDU. InFIG. 9, the retransmission in step (5) is done via RBS 2, but in reality any of RBS1 or RBS 2 could be used. The timer with an appropriate setting will make the MAC-d PDU copies at the original link, i.e. in RBS1 in the example inFIG. 9, will be cleared when the RLC retransmission is started.

The second method in a RBS or Node B is illustrated inFIG. 5. The radio base station is configured to participate in inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via the radio base station and at least one other radio base station. Data is communicated from a radio network controller to the radio base station and the at least one other radio base station for forwarding to the first user equipment in RLC PDUs encapsulated in MAC-d PDUs.

The second method in a RBS commences with a reception step502in which MAC-d PDUs are received. The received MAC-d PDUs are buffered, in a buffering step504, in a queue pending transfer to the first user equipment. A discard indication signal is received, in a reception step506, from the radio network controller instructing the radio base station to discard one or more RLC PDUs. The MAC-d PDUs currently in the queue are searched through, in a search step508, pending transfer to the first user equipment. Any MAC-d PDUs found by the search in the queue containing a RLC PDU comprised in said one or more RLC PDUs are discarded in a discard step510.

The method in a radio network controller that is illustrated inFIG. 6may be used to control a Node B implementing the method inFIG. 5. Hence, the radio network controller is configured for inter-site HSDPA MF operation wherein data is communicated to a first user equipment via at least two radio base stations and wherein data is communicated from the radio network controller to the at least two radio base stations for forwarding to the first user equipment in RLC PDUs encapsulated in MAC-d PDUs.

The method in the radio network controller commences with a detection step602in which a detection is made of a need to discard one or more identified RLC PDUs in a first radio base station among said at least two radio base stations. A discard indication signal is transmitted, in a transmission step604, to the first radio base station instructing the first radio base station to discard said one or more identified RLC PDUs.

That is, additional signalling can be introduced so that the RNC can order Node B(s) to clear (or discard) specific RLC PD Us. The SNs of the RLC PDUs which could/should be cleared can be carried in lub frames (either in the data frame or in the control frame, for example in the capacity request frame). There are a few reserved bits available in the lub frames. The corresponding MAC-d PDUs will be cleared in the Node B immediately upon reception of the clearing message.

Preferably, the signalling is triggered when the UE has acknowledged to RNC that the related RLC PDUs (either the original transmission or one of the retransmissions) have been successfully received. Another alternative is that whenever the RNC starts a new RLC retransmission upon the reception of the NACK status report, it sends a clearing message to the Node B on the other link. An example of the procedure is shown inFIG. 10. Here an original transmission of a RLC PDUs from the RNC to the UE via a first Node B RBS1 has been done, but this transmission has been stalled in the first Node B RBS1. The UE sends a NACK status report to the RNC which initiates a retransmission of this RLC PDU via a second Node B RBS 2. The retransmission involves transmitting a MAC-d PDU containing the RLC PDU via the second Node B RBS2. Upon retransmission of the RLC PDU, the RNC sends a clearing message for this RLC PDU to the first Node B RBS 1, which still may have a copy of a MAC-d PDU containing the RLC PDU in its priority queue. In this case, the MAC-d PDU containing the RLC PDU will be cleared in the first Node B RBS1 upon reception of the clearing message.

RLC PDU and MAC-d PDU is typically a one to one mapping since there is no segmentation or concatenation supported when RLC PDU is delivered to the MAC-d layer.

When RBS receives the RLC PDU SNs of RLC PDUs which should be cleared, RBS starts to search all MAC-d PDUs in PQ to find the corresponding RLC PDUs. The RBS reads the RLC PDU headers of MAC-d PDUs in the PQ and if a RLC PDU is found which has a SN that matches a specific SN which should be cleared, the RBS will clear the corresponding MAC-d PDU from the PQ. If transmission of that MAC-d PDU has already been started by a HARQ process, the HARQ process can also be cleared.

According to 3GPP TS 25.435 V10.2.0, the Data Transfer procedure is used to transfer a HS-DSCH DATA FRAME conveying MAC-d PDU(s) from the RNC to a Node B. HS-DSCH DATA FRAME TYPE 2 is selected if the IE HS-DSCH MAC-d PDU Size Format in NBAP (TS 25.433) is present and set to ‘Flexible MAC-d PDU Size’ [FDD and 1.28 Mcps TDD—or if the IE HS-DSCH Common System Information is present and the UE is in Cell_FACH (Cell Forward Access Channel) state. HS-DSCH DATA FRAME TYPE 1 is selected in any other case.

The HS-DSCH DATA FRAME TYPE 3 is only used in CELL_PCH and URA_PCH states. Since current plans are for CELL_DCH state only, use of HS-DSCH DATA FRAME TYPE 3 is currently not a feasible option for MF-HSDPA. However, if in the future MF-HSDPA operation would be possible in CELL_PCH (Cell Paging Channel) and/or URA_PCH (UTRAN Registration Area Paging Channel) states it might be possible to use also HS-DSCH DATA FRAME TYPE 3.

Hence, a new information element (IE) is provided, for example named “Notification of the discarding RLC PDUs”, which is carried in either an lub data frame or in an lub control frame. The information element can contain the sequence number of one or more RLC PDUs which should be cleared. There can also be other information associated in the data or control frame, for example an indication of the presence of the new information element.

Some examples of embodiments illustrating how to carry RLC PDU SNs in lub frames are provided below.

As a first example, the RLC PDU SNs may be carried in a lub data frame Type 1 as illustrated below.

InFIG. 11below, a new information element (IE) called “Notification of RLC PDUs to be discarded” can be included in the data frame after the DRT field if DRT is present. If DRT is not present, this new IE can be included in the data frame after the New IE Flags field. Other possible placements of the new IE can also be used. As an example format for the new IE, the first octet of the IE can indicate the length of the RLC PDU SN. The second octet of the IE can indicate the number of included RLC PDU SNs. The octets following can indicate the actual SNs which are to be cleared. This example format of the new IE is illustrated inFIG. 12.

To further reduce the length of the “Notification of RLC PDUs to be discarded” IE, the difference between the SNs can be calculated and carried instead of the actual SNs. For example, the first SN can be included. Then, the difference between the next SN and the first SN can be calculated as:
Diff2=SN2−SN1  (1)
Diff3=SN3−SN1  (2)

Then, Diff2 and Diff3 will be carried instead of the SN2 and SN3. The format of the IE “Notification of RLC PDUs to be discarded” can be changed accordingly.

As another example, the RLC PDU SNs of RLC PDUs to be discarded can be carried in a lub data frame Type 2 as follows.

To include the RLC PDU SNs into the data frame Type 2 the new IE named “Notification of RLC PDUs to be discarded” can be added after HS-DSCH physical layer category inFIG. 13if HS-DSCH physical layer category is present in the data frame. If the filed HS-DSCH physical layer category is not present, the new IE can be added from the octet that HS-DSCH physical layer category was supposed to occupy. The new IE can even be added after the New IE Flags, if the IEs including Dedicated H-RNTI (HS-DSCH Radio Network Temporary Identifier), E-RNTI (E-DCH Radio Network Temporary Identifier), and HS-DSCH physical layer category are not present. There are also other possibilities to place the new IE.

As yet another example, the RLC PDU SNs of RLC PDUs to be discarded can be carried in a lub control frame CAPACITY (CA) REQUEST as follows.

The HS-DSCH Capacity Request procedure provides means for the RNC to request HS-DSCH capacity by indicating the user buffer size in the RNC for a given priority level.

The RNC is allowed to reissue the HS-DSCH Capacity Request if no CAPACITY (CA) ALLOCATION (TYPE 1 or TYPE 2) has been received within an appropriate time threshold.

The RLC PDU SNs can be included in the control frame capacity request to inform the RBS to clear the MAC-d PDUs, by defining a new information element “Notification of the discarding RLC PDUs” (as described before) after the User Buffer Size field inFIG. 14

As demonstrated above, some embodiments of the invention can involve setting a timer for each RLC PDU at the radio base station, i.e. Node B. When the timer expires, the associated RLC PDU is cleared at the Node B. The setting of this timer can be a fixed value or it can be a variable value per each RLC PDU so that the timer is adjusted to the instant conditions like, for example, instant radio channel quality, buffer status at the Node B etc. Other embodiments of the invention can involve clearing redundant copies of RLC PDUs by additional signaling between a radio base station and a radio network controller, for example carried in band with the lub data frame or lub control frame. By this additional signaling, a radio network controller can order a radio base station to clear or discard specific RLC PDUs.

As used herein, the terms “comprise”, “comprising”, “comprises”, “include”, “including”, “includes”, “have”, “has”, “having”, or variants thereof are open-ended, and include one or more stated features, integers, nodes, steps, components or functions but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, nodes, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer and/or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) that runs on a processor such as a digital signal processor, which may collectively be referred to as “circuitry,” “a module” or variants thereof.

Moreover, the functionality of a given block of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams may be separated into multiple blocks and/or the functionality of two or more blocks of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams may be at least partially integrated. Finally, other blocks may be added/inserted between the blocks that are illustrated.

Other network elements, communication devices and/or methods according to embodiments of the invention will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon review of the present drawings and description. It is intended that all such additional network elements, devices, and/or methods be included within this description, be within the scope of the claims. Moreover, it is intended that all embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented separately or combined in any way and/or combination.

Although attempt has been made in the above to explain the abbreviations when first introduced below follows a list of most of the abbreviations used:ARQ Automatic Repeat request3GPP RAN2 Name of a working group in 3GPPDC-HSDPA Dual Cell/Carrier High Speed Downlink Packet AccessCQI Channel Quality IndicatorDL DownlinkDRT Delay Reference TimeE-DCH Enhanced Dedicated ChannelHARQ Hybrid ARQHS-DSCH High-Speed Downlink Shared ChannelHSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet AccessMF-HSDPA HSDPA Multiflow Data TransmissionMAC Medium Access ControlMAC-d MAC-dedicatedMAC-ehs MAC-enhanced high speedMIMO Multiple Input Multiple OutputNACK Negative AcknowledgementPDCP Packet Data Convergence ProtocolPDU Protocol Data UnitPQ Priority QueueQoS Quality of ServiceRAN Radio Access NetworkRBS Radio Base Station (alternatively referred to as Node B)RLC Radio Link ControlSN Sequence NumberUE User EquipmentUL UplinkURA UTRAN Registration AreaUTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network