Switch and method for jump-starting a 24 volt vehicle with a 12 volt vehicle

A switching apparatus and method for alternatively connecting at least two 12 volt automobile batteries, or other suitable D.C. power source, either in series or in parallel to provide D.C. current to a vehicle having a 12 volt or 24 volt electrical system which requires jump starting. The switching apparatus consists of five terminal members which are alternatively connected together with a pair of connecting members in such a way to correspondingly effect series connection of the batteries or parallel connection of the batteries.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is generally related to vehicular starting systems 
utilizing at least two batteries. More specifically, the present invention 
is related to an apparatus and method for rapidly switching a 
multi-battery network between a pair of voltage settings for the purpose 
of providing starter current from a starter system using one such voltage 
to another starter system utilizing another voltage. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A patentability investigation was conducted and the following U.S. Patents 
by numbers were found: U.S. Pat. No. 1,559,385 to Turbayne; U.S. Pat. No. 
3,343,057 to Smith; U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,474 to Pfeffer; U.S. Pat. No. 
4,233,552 Baumbach; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,813 to Bolle. 
The U.S. Pat. No. 1,559,385 to Turbayne teaches a double voltage system in 
which the transition from generator to battery may be accomplished with a 
minimum of fluctuation across the translation circuit. The U.S. Pat. No. 
4,100,474 to Smith teaches an apparatus or system to protect the polarity 
of a battery by means of an audible signal. The U.S. Pat. No. 3,343,057 to 
Pfeffer et al teaches a multi-voltage vehicular network system to provide 
a higher voltage for starting of the vehicle and a normal on-board voltage 
for operation of vehicle devices (e.g., fans, motors, lamps, buzzers, and 
the like). The U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,552 to Baumbach teaches a 
vehicle-starting circuit employing two starting batteries, particularly to 
an improvement in the starting circuit for detection of excessive voltage. 
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,813 to Bolle teaches a control for an electrical 
charging system for selectively connecting a single alternator with two 
starter coil sets producing charging current at each of six outputs to the 
output of a first battery and the output of a second battery, serially 
connected to the first battery output. 
None of the foregoing prior art U.S. Patents teach or suggest the 
particular method and/or apparatus of the present invention. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention accomplishes its desired objects by providing a 
switching apparatus for alternatively combining a first D.C. voltage 
supply with a second D.C. voltage supply in series or parallel wherein the 
second D.C. voltage supply voltage is generally equivalent to the value of 
the first D.C. voltage supply's voltage. The switching apparatus comprises 
including housing assembly comprising a body member defined by a generally 
circular wall member having a top member perimetrically secured to a top 
edge thereof and a base member threadably secured to a bottom edge of the 
base member. The top member comprises a shaft aperture which is generally 
coaxially aligned with the circular wall member while the base member has 
a bottom with a generally dome-shaped recess disposed in the bottom so as 
to be coaxially and concentrically aligned with the circular wall member 
and the shaft aperture. The shaft aperture and the dome shaped recess 
support a generally cylindrical shaft member disposed coaxially therewith. 
A plurality of terminal members is disposed in the bottom of the base so 
as to be generally equally, radially spaced from the generally dome-shaped 
recess. The plurality of terminals comprises a first terminal, a second 
terminal, a third terminal, a fourth terminal, and a fifth terminal. The 
first, second, third, and forth terminals are generally equispaced such 
that an arcuate measure of between 85 and 95 degrees exists between each 
of the first, second, third, and forth terminals. The fifth terminal is 
equispaced between the first and forth terminals so as to comprise an 
arcuate measure of between 40 and 50 degrees between the first terminal 
and the fifth terminal. A switching assembly is supported by the housing 
and comprises the generally cylindrical shaft member defined by a top 
shaft end, a bottom shaft end, and a keyed shaft section. The shaft top 
end comprises a general D-shape in horizontal cross section and the bottom 
shaft end comprises a convex dome shape for complementing the generally 
dome shaped recess of the base member. The keyed shaft section of the 
generally cylindrically shaped shaft defines at least one flat, keyed 
surface for engaging an electrically non-conductive supporting disc. The 
non-conductive supporting disc member has a support top face, a support 
bottom face, and a coaxially disposed keyed aperture which defines a shape 
which is complementary to the keyed shaft section of the generally 
cylindrical shaft member for being fixedly coupled to the keyed shaft 
section of the generally cylindrically shaped shaft member so as to be 
coaxially aligned therewith. The supporting disc comprises a primary 
connection plate member secured to the support bottom of the 
non-conductive supporting disc member for electrically connecting at least 
two of the plurality of terminals and a secondary connection plate member 
secured to the support bottom of the non-conductive supporting disc member 
for electrically connecting with at least one of the plurality of 
terminals. A handle member for rotatably moving the generally cylindrical 
shaft member and the non-conductive supporting disc member coupled 
therewith is coupled to the shaft member with a generally D-shaped 
aperture for complementarily engaging the D-shaped shaft top end. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for 
alternatively connecting at least two batteries in series or in parallel 
comprising: 
(a) providing a first battery member having a first voltage; 
(b) providing a second battery member having a second voltage; 
(c) providing a switching apparatus for connecting the first battery with 
the second battery having a housing having five terminal members disposed 
therein and for rotatably supporting a switching assembly comprising a 
supporting disc having a primary connection plate adapted for 
alternatively interconnecting at least two of the five terminals and a 
secondary connection plate for alternatively interconnecting at least one 
of the terminals; 
(d) connecting a first positive terminal of the first battery to a second 
terminal of the five terminals; 
(e) connecting a second positive terminal of the second battery to a third 
terminal of the five terminals; 
(f) connecting a first negative terminal of the first battery to a forth 
terminal of the five terminals; 
(g) connecting a second negative terminal of the second battery to a fifth 
terminal of the five terminals; 
(h) rotating the supporting disc so as to interconnect the second terminal 
and the third terminal with the primary connection plate to interconnect 
the first positive terminal with the second positive terminal; 
(i) simultaneously interconnecting the forth terminal and the fifth 
terminal with the secondary connection plate to interconnect the first 
negative terminal with the second negative terminal to connect the first 
battery with the second battery in parallel; 
(j) commencing reverse rotation the supporting disc so at to disconnect the 
third terminal from the primary connection plate; 
(k) simultaneously with the commencing step (j) disconnecting the secondary 
connection plate from the fifth terminal; and 
(l) further rotating the supporting disc so as to interconnect the fifth 
terminal and the second terminal with the primary connection plate to 
connect the first positive terminal with the second negative terminal to 
connect the first battery with the second battery in series. 
These, together with the various ancillary objects and features which will 
become apparent to those skilled in the art as the following description 
proceeds, are attained by this novel method and apparatus, preferred 
embodiments as shown with reference to the accompanying drawings, by way 
of example only, wherein:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Turning now to the drawings wherein like parts of the invention are 
identified by similar reference numerals, there is seen in FIG. 1 a 
preferred embodiment of the voltage switching apparatus of the present 
invention, generally indicated as 10. The switching apparatus 10 generally 
comprises a body assembly 14 demountably secured to a base assembly 12 
having a plurality of terminal members 18--18 situated in the base 
assembly 12. The base assembly 12 is adapted for rotatably supporting a 
switching assembly, generally illustrated as 16, which is rotatably 
supported at opposed ends thereof by the base assembly 12 and the body 
assembly 14. As will be further understood as this description proceeds, 
the switching assembly 16 comprises a switching shaft assembly 54 for 
supporting a switching disc assembly, generally illustrated as 56, which 
is adapted to selectively electrically contacting and interconnecting two 
or more of the terminal members 42. 
The body member 12, in one preferred embodiment as best shown in FIGS. 2 
and 3, comprises a generally hollow, cylindrically shaped, arcuate, or 
annular wall member 20 having a generally flat, circular top 22 
perimetrically secured thereto, such that the body member 12 may be 
generally defined as being cup-shaped, which may be formed of any 
suitable, non-conductive and/or insulating material. A preferred material 
for the body assembly 12 is available on the commercial market under the 
trade name Bakelite.RTM. by the Union Carbide Corporation. A perimetrical 
bottom base lip or ridge 24 is integrally bound or formed of the 
cylindrical wall 20 (i.e., opposite top 22). The base lip 24 comprises 
inner body threads 26, as shown in FIG. 8, for engaging complementary 
threads (to be identified as 38 below) of the base assembly 12. Of course, 
it is appreciated that any suitable means for securing the base assembly 
12 to the body assembly 14 may be employed. 
The body assembly 12 further comprises a stress relief or shaft support 
structure 32 secured to the top 22 for providing support to the switching 
assembly 16, as will be further discussed below. The shaft support 
structure 32 comprises a bore or aperture 28B for slidably receiving a 
shaft 60 of the switching assembly 16, which bore or aperture 28B is 
concentrically and/or coaxially aligned with an aperture 28A disposed in 
the top 22 wherethrough a portion of the shaft 60 may slidably pass to be 
supported therein. As shown in FIG. 8, the body assembly 14 comprises axis 
E whereupon the axes of the apertures 28A and 28B are coaxially aligned. 
As further best shown in FIG. 8, the aperture 28A and the aperture or bore 
28B are generally equivalent in diameter, and serve to rotatably support 
the shaft 60 when disposed in the body assembly 12 (see FIG. 1). Thus, 
alternatively put forth, the stress relief or support structure 32 
comprises a structure defining an annulus having the bore 28B thereof 
which is concentrically and/or coaxially aligned with the aperture 28A in 
top 22. 
In order to lend additional support to the shaft 60 of the switching 
assembly 16, a retaining support plate member 30 having an aperture 30A 
thereof coaxially and/or concentrically aligned with the apertures 28A and 
28B of the respective top 22 and shaft support structure 32 may be secured 
to the top 22, as shown in FIG. 1, to prevent undue wearing of the 
aperture 28A. 
The base assembly, as shown in FIG. 9, comprises a generally plate-like, 
generally circular bottom 34, having a generally perimetrical, annular 
wall member 36 generally concentrically aligned with and secured to one 
thereof, which wall 36 comprises previously mentioned complementary base 
threads, identified as 38, for engaging the body threads 26 of the body 
assembly 14. Like the body assembly 14, the base assembly 12 may be formed 
of any suitable, non-conductive and/or insulating material such as the 
commercially available material sold under the trade name Bakelite.RTM. by 
the Union Carbide Corporation. The base assembly 12 comprises an concave, 
dome-shaped recess 40 which is coaxially aligned with axis E' of the base 
assembly 12, for supporting one end of the previously mentioned shaft 60 
of the switching assembly 16. As shown in FIG. 9, the dome-shaped recess 
40 is formed in a bottom 46B of an annular or cylindrical support wall 46 
which defines lumen or bore 40B having bottom 46B secured thereto. The 
lumen or bore 40, is coaxial with axis E' and with an aperture 40A formed 
in bottom 34. The aforementioned shaft 60 will pass through aperture 40A, 
into lumen or bore 40B to have a complementarily, dome-shaped end 70 of 
the shaft 60 (see also FIG. 5) become rotatably supported in the 
dome-shaped recess 40. 
Thus it can be seen that the axes E and E' of the respective body assembly 
14 and the base assembly 12 are coaxial or collinear when in an assembled 
state (i.e., the base threads 38 are mated with the body threads 26 so as 
to couple the base assembly 12 to the body assembly 14), and that the 
shaft 60 of the switching assembly is rotatably retained by the apertures 
28A and 28B of the body assembly 14 and the dome-shaped recess 40, the 
bore 40B and the aperture 40A of the base assembly 12. As will be further 
discussed in the proceeding, any lateral movement of the shaft 60 of the 
switching assembly 16 parallel to the axes E and E' is generally prevented 
by the structure of the shaft 60 (i.e., the shaft 60 is held in place so 
as to be coaxial with the axes E and E' by the apertures 28A, 28B, 40A, 
and bore 40B). 
The base assembly 12 further comprises a plurality of apertures 44 disposed 
in the bottom 34 for receiving a corresponding plurality of terminal 
members 42. The terminal members 42 and the corresponding apertures 44 are 
arranged in the bottom 34 of the base assembly 12 such that the terminal 
members 42 will contact the switching disc assembly 56 in a prescribed 
fashion, as will be further discussed as this description proceeds. 
The terminal members 42 may comprise any structure suitable for contacting 
the switching disc assembly 56 (see FIG. 5), as such devices are well 
known. In one embodiment, as best shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the terminal 
members 42 may be defined by a bolt, wherein a head 42H comprises 
contacting surface for electrically engaging the switching disc assembly 
56 (see also FIG. 1) and a threaded shaft 42S (see FIG. 6) for securing to 
the bottom 34 (see FIG. 9) and for engaging wire terminators or ends as 
may be used to connect the switching apparatus 10 to external wiring. It 
may be desired to form a flat section 42F, as shown in FIG. 7, in the head 
42H of the terminal 42 to allow the terminal 42 be installed adjacent or 
proximal to the perimetrical wall 36 of the base 12 (see FIG. 9), as it 
desirable to maximize the size of the head 42H to increase the area of 
contact with the switching disc assembly 56 while maintaining a suitable 
distance among the plurality of terminals (e.g., to prevent arcing across 
the terminals). Such a flat section 42F may or may not be employed without 
limiting the spirit and scope of the invention. Each terminal member 42 
comprises a terminal axis 42Z which is generally perpendicular to the 
bottom 34 of the base 12 when the respective terminal 42 is installed in 
the bottom 34 (see FIG. 9). 
Generally, as best shown in FIG. 4, five terminal members 42 are disposed 
in corresponding five terminal apertures 44, with four of the terminal 
members 42 and the corresponding terminal apertures 44 arranged so as to 
be generally radially and perimetrically equispaced and adjacent to the 
inner edge of the perimetrical wall 36, with the fifth terminal 
42/terminal aperture 44 perimetrically equispaced between two of the 
terminal members 42/terminal apertures 44. More specifically, as shown in 
FIG. 4, terminal members 42A, 42B, 42, and 42D are spaced so as to have 
the axes 42Z thereof aligned on quadrant boundaries, as represented in 
FIG. 4 by respective dashed rays F1, F2, F3, and F4, of a circle F0 
defined by the intersection of bottom 34 and the perimetrical wall 36, 
with the origins of the rays F1, F2, F3, and F4 on a center P0 of circle 
F0. The fifth terminal member 42E is aligned on dashed ray F5, which ray 
bisects the quadrant defined by rays P1 and F4 into generally equal 
sectors or halves. Thus, the four terminals 42A, 42B, 42C, and 42D are 
generally spaced about 90 degrees apart and the fifth terminal 42E is 
generally equispaced between the first and fourth terminals 42A/42D so as 
to be about 45 degrees from both first and fourth terminals 42A/42D. As 
further shown in FIG. 4, the distance of the terminal members 42A, 42B, 
42C, 42D, and 42E (and the respective terminal apertures 44) from the 
center P0 of circle F0 (i.e., the center of the bottom 34) is defined by 
the distance between center P0 and respective points P1, P2, P3, P4, and 
P5, wherein points P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 represent the intersection of 
the axes 42Z of the respective terminals 42A, 42B, 42C, 42D, and 42E with 
the corresponding rays F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5. The distances defined 
between center P0 and the respective points P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 are 
generally equivalent, and are slightly less than the radius of circle F0. 
The switching assembly 16 as previously mentioned is rotatably supported by 
the combination of the base 12 and the body 14. To this end, the switching 
assembly 16 is comprised of a generally cylindrical shaft 60, as shown in 
FIG. 5, which is defined by a shaft top end 62 for protruding through 
apertures 28A and 28B of the body 14 (see also FIG. 8), a keyed shaft 
section 66 for demountably coupling to a switching disc assembly 56 (to be 
further discussed in the proceeding), and a shaft bottom end 64 for 
engaging and being supported by the base 12. 
The shaft top end 62 comprises a flat, cut-out section 68, which, as shown 
in FIG. 1, is generally D-shaped in horizontal cross section for engaging 
a complementary D-shaped aperture 50A in a handle member 50 adapted to 
being demountably, fixedly coupled therewith. The shaft top end 62 is 
diametrically sized so as to pass through apertures 28A and 28B of the 
body 14 and so as to be firmly supported therein. It may be appreciated 
that the shaft top end 62 may be diametrically sized so as to frictionally 
engage the apertures 28A and 28B, however the shaft top end 62 is sized so 
as to permit rotation therein. This shaft top end 62 diameter, as shown in 
FIG. 5, is typically somewhat less than the diameter of the shaft assembly 
60. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, the shaft section 62 is diametrically sized 
so as to pass through apertures 28A and 28B whereas a shaft section 61 of 
the shaft assembly 54 will not. The handle member 50 is provided for 
grasping by an operator to apply rotational force to the shaft assembly 54 
to cause same to turn and effect switching of the switching apparatus 10 
by correspondingly moving the switching disc assembly 56 across the 
plurality of terminals 42 in the base 12. 
The shaft keyed section 66 comprises at least one flat side 72 for engaging 
a corresponding flat side 84 in an aperture 82 in the switching disc 
assembly 56 in order to demountably, fixedly couple the switching disc 
assembly 56 to the keyed section 66 of the shaft assembly 54 (i.e., such 
that the switching disc assembly 56 is correspondingly rotated with the 
switching shaft assembly 54 when the switching shaft assembly 54 is 
rotated). It is appreciated that any suitable keyed structure may be 
employed for demountably, fixedly coupling the keyed aperture 82 of the 
switching disc assembly 56 to the keyed section 66 of the shaft, such as 
that shown in FIGS. 1, 1A and 11, wherein the keyed section 66 of the 
shaft assembly 54 comprises four flat sides 72 for engaging the 
corresponding four flat sides 84 of the keyed aperture 82 of the switching 
disc assembly 56 shown in FIGS. 1, 1A and 10. It is equally understood 
that the keyed aperture 82 and the keyed section 66 could comprise six 
flat sides 84 and 72 respectively, or one keyed side 84 and 72 
respectively, as in the case of the flat cut-out side 68 of the top shaft 
end 62 and the generally D-shaped keyed aperture 52 of the lever member 
50. 
The bottom shaft end 64 of the switching shaft assembly 54 comprises a 
generally rounded, convex or dome shaped end 70 which is sized for 
complementarily engaging and being supported by the dome shaped recess 40 
of the base assembly 12. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the dome shaped end 
70 of the shaft assembly 54 provides a bearing surface for support of the 
shaft assembly 54 in and by the base 12 of the switching apparatus 10, and 
it may be appreciated that any suitable supporting surface (e.g., 
bearings, bushings or the like) may be employed without departing from the 
spirit and/or scope of the present invention. As further shown in FIG. 1, 
a tension spring member 52 may be disposed around the switching shaft 
assembly 54. The spring member 52 is sized so as to fit slightly loosely 
around the largest portion of the switching shaft assembly 54 (e.g., the 
keyed section 66) to provide spring bias on the switching disc assembly 56 
for biasing the same against the terminal members 42 and ensuring positive 
contact between the relative terminals 42 and the switching disc assembly 
56. The other end of the spring member 52 abuts shaft support structure 32 
and/or top 22. 
The aforementioned disc assembly 56 is shown in FIGS. 1, 10, 13, 13A, and 
14-18. As best shown in FIG. 1, the switching disc assembly 56 comprises 
generally circular, generally flat supporting disc 80 having a coaxial, 
keyed aperture 82 aligned on a center C of the supporting disc 80 for 
engaging the previously mentioned flat sides 72 of keyed section 66 of the 
switching shaft assembly 54. A primary connection plate 88 and a secondary 
connection plate 90, each for electrically engaging and/or communicating 
with selected terminals 42, are secured to a bottom 80B of the supporting 
disc 80, by any suitable means, such as fasteners, adhesives, formed lips 
and recesses, or the like. The supporting disc may additionally comprise a 
stress relief section or supporting wall 86 which is formed and/or secured 
to a top 80T of the supporting disc 80 and aligned with and/or 
concentrically located with the aperture 82 for providing additional 
support to the keyed aperture 82, as best shown in FIG. 5. It is 
understood that the stress relief section 86 may or may not be employed 
without departing from the spirit and/or scope of the present invention. 
The supporting disc 80 is formed or manufactured from any suitable 
material which is typically non-electrically conductive, such as the 
commercially available material sold under the trade name Bakelite.RTM. by 
the Union Carbide Corporation. 
The supporting disc 80 may additionally comprise a cut-out section 80A, as 
shown in FIG. 10, formed in the perimeter of the supporting disc 80 for 
aligning with a similar cut-out section (to be identified as 100 and 
described herebelow) in the primary connection plate 88. The cut-out 
section 80A of the supporting disc 80 may or may not be employed without 
departing from the spirit and/or scope of the present invention. 
The primary connection plate 88, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 13A, is adapted 
to being secured or formed in the supporting disc 80 and electrically 
interconnecting up to three of the terminal members 42, (i.e., the primary 
connection plate 88 alternatively interconnects terminals 42A, 42B and 42C 
or 42E and 42B based on the selected operation of the switching apparatus 
10 as will be further discussed below) as shown in FIGS. 15-18. The 
primary connection plate 88 is formed of any suitable material which is 
capable of conducting electricity, such as copper, aluminum, etc. The 
primary connection plate 88 may comprise any suitable shape which will 
switch the terminal member 42 in the manner to be set forth below, such as 
shown in FIG. 13 The primary connection plate 88, as shown in FIG. 13, is 
a flat plate member which is defined by a generally semi-annular shape 92, 
having an outer arcuate edge 92A, an inner arcuate edge 92I (i.e., 
relative to the annular shape 92), a flat edge 92F, and a center 92C 
(i.e., of the circle defined by the semi-annular shape), which center 92C 
is generally shared or copunctual with the center C of the supporting disc 
80 (also see FIG. 1) The primary connection plate 88 comprises a cut-out 
section 100 formed in the outer arcuate edge 92A for preventing electrical 
interconnection with terminal 42A (see FIGS. 16 and 18), when the 
switching assembly 16 of the switching apparatus 10 is set in a particular 
fashion to be further discussed herebelow. The cut-out section 100 is 
sized so as to prevent the terminal 42A from physically and/or 
electrically making contacting when the primary connection plate 88 of the 
switching apparatus 10 is made to be oriented as shown in FIG. 1A. 
As shown in FIG. 13, the cut-out section 100 in the primary connection 
plate 88 may be generally defined by the intersection of angle K 
originating at 92C with arcuate edge 92A at points J and L, the arc 
defined by points H and I on angle K, and the line segments HJ and IL, 
such that the distance of points H I from the apex of angle K is generally 
equivalent. Cut-out 100 is defined by lines HJ, IL, and arc MI. Angle K 
has one side KL thereof measuring about 30 degrees from the side 928 of 
flat edge 92F, and the other side KJ thereof measuring about 60 degrees 
from side 92S. It will be appreciated that the exact geometric form and 
size of the cutout 100 is determined by the particular size of the head 
42H (see FIG. 7) of the terminal 42A (see FIG. 16) employed since the 
cut-out 100, as previously indicated, exists precisely to prevent 
interconnection with terminal 42A (see FIGS. 16 and 18) as will be further 
discussed herebelow; thus the exact nature of the cut-out section bed 
(i.e., size, shape, etc) should not be construed so as to limit the spirit 
and/or scope of the present invention. The size of the cut-out section 100 
serves to prevent electrical interconnection with terminal 42A and may for 
example, comprise a generally arcuate or generally semi-circular shape. 
Such a semi-circular shape generally has a center (i.e., of the circle 
defining the semi-circular shape) aligned on the point B' intersecting the 
perimeter of F0 (see FIG. 1A) and an angle B commencing from side 92S 
which angle B measures about 45 degrees. Of course, as already mentioned, 
cut-out 100 may comprise any suitable shape. 
It will be appreciated that the inner edge 92I of the primary connection 
plate 88 is sized so as to allow room for the switching shaft assembly 54 
to pass therethrough and/or to abut the stress relief 86 should such 
stress relief 86 additionally be desired on bottom 80B and/or otherwise so 
as accommodate the keyed aperture 82 (e.g., in the case stress relief 86 
is not employed). In any case, the center 92C of the primary connection 
plate 88 is generally shared or copunctual with (or comprises) the center 
C of the supporting disc 80. 
The switching disc assembly 56 comprises the aforementioned secondary 
connection plate 90 which is adapted to interconnecting up to two terminal 
members 42 (i.e., the secondary connection plate 90 will alternately 
interconnect or disconnect terminals 42E and 42D) as shown in FIGS. 15-18. 
As in the case of the primary connection plate 88, the secondary 
connection plate 90 is formed of any suitable material for making 
electrical connections, such as by way of example only, copper, aluminum, 
or the like. The secondary connection plate 90 may comprise any suitable 
shape which will selectively interconnect/disconnect the terminal members 
42 in the manner to be set forth below, such as those shown in the FIGS. 
14 and 14A. 
As shown in FIG. 14, the secondary connection plate 90 comprises a 
generally pie shaped, flat plate member 96. More specifically, generally 
hie shaped plate member 96 is defined by about a 45 degree sector of an 
annulus having a center 960 (which center 96C aligns with the center C of 
the supporting disc 80), an outer arcuate edge 96A and an inner arcuate 
edge 96I. In the embodiment of FIG. 14A, the secondary connection plate 90 
is defined by a flat plate member 98 which is generally rectangular or 
trapezoidal. In each of the embodiments shown in FIG. 14 and 14A, the 
secondary connection plate 90 comprises a width denoted by line segment 
DD', which width (i.e., as delimited by DD' in FIGS. 14 and 14A) is 
sufficient to interconnect the terminals 42D and 42E, as shown in FIGS. 15 
and 17, but not sufficient to interconnect terminals 42C and 42D, as shown 
in FIGS. 16 and 18. A brief inspection of FIGS. 15-18 reveals that the 
width defined by DD' is slightly less than the radius as taken from the 
center C of the supporting disc 80 to its perimeter (i.e. the length of 
DD' is approximately 1/4.pi.r). The secondary connection plate 90 is 
secured to the supporting disc 80 in a manner to facilitate electrical 
connection of terminals 42D and 42E as shown in FIGS. 15 and 17 and 
further discussed below. 
The switching disc assembly 56 (see FIG. 1A) thus assembled with the 
primary connection plate 88 and the secondary connection plate 90 secured 
thereto by any suitable means, such as fastening members, adhesives, or 
the like, share their respective centers C, 92C, and 96C (i.e., the 
centers C, 92C, and 96C are coaxial or copunctual). The primary connection 
plate 88 and the secondary connection plate share a fixed spatial 
relationship on supporting disc 80. This relationship is represented by 
angle A wherein the angular distance between a flat side 92S of the 
primary connection plate 88 and a flat side 96S of secondary connection 
plate 90, as measured by angle A originating from the center C, is about 
45 degrees, +/- about 5 degrees. The secondary connection plate 90 is 
accordingly adapted to electrically interconnecting terminals 42D and 42E, 
which as previously indicated, are about 45 degrees apart relative to the 
center of the circle defined by the supporting disc 80 and the 
perimetrical wall 36. Similarly, the primary connection plate 88, having 
an angular measure of about 180 degrees, is adapted to interconnecting 
terminals 42A, 42B, and 42C while the secondary connection plate 
interconnects terminals 42D and 42E, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 17. 
Continuing to refer to the drawings for operation and use of the switching 
apparatus 10 of the present invention, the switching apparatus 10 as 
assembled (see FIG. 1) has the base 12 engaged to the body 14 by any 
suitable means such as the respective complementary threads 38 and 26. The 
shaft assembly 54 is generally vertically supported by the base 12 and the 
body 14 with the dome shaped end 70 of the shaft assembly 54 supported in 
the corresponding dome shaped recess 40 of the base 12 such that the 
D-shaped end 68 of the shaft assembly 54 protrudes through aperture 28 of 
the body 14. The axes E,E', and E" of the respective body 14, base 12, and 
shaft assembly 54 are all generally colinear. The switching disc assembly 
56 is engaged to the shaft assembly 54 such that keyed aperture 82 is 
coupled with the keyed section 66 of the shaft assembly 54 so as to be 
coaxial therewith and is co-rotatable upon rotation of the shaft assembly 
54. Tension spring member 52 is disposed around the shaft assembly 54 so 
as to bias the switching disc assembly 56 against the base 12. The spring 
52 in this manner has one end engaged to the inside face of top 22 of the 
body 14 and the other end engaged to the top 80T of the switching disc 
assembly 56. It can be seen that the spring 52 ensures positive contact of 
the primary and secondary connection plates 88 and 90 secured to the 
bottom 80B of the switching disc assembly 56 with the terminals 42 of the 
base 12. The handle member 50 has D-shaped aperture 58 engaged to the 
corresponding D-shaped end 62 of the shaft assembly 54 for effecting 
rotation of the shaft assembly 54 and the switching disc assembly 56 
therewith. 
As best shown in FIGS. 15-18, the switching apparatus 10 is contemplated 
for use with either two or three battery members, identified in FIGS. 
15-16 as 111 and 112, and in FIGS. 17-18 as 111, 112, 113 for operating in 
either a low voltage or high voltage setting. The low voltage setting 
corresponds to the lowest voltage of the batteries employed as wired in 
parallel to a common output whereas the high voltage setting typically 
corresponds to twice the low voltage setting. For example, if 12 volt 
batteries are employed (e.g. automotive batteries), the low voltage 
setting of the switching apparatus 10 will provide about 12 volts at the 
output terminals and the high voltage setting will provide about 24 volts 
at the output terminals. As will be seen, the switching apparatus 10 
operates to switch the bank of batteries provided between either series or 
parallel connections. 
FIGS. 15 and 16 schematically illustrate the low voltage and high voltage 
wiring arrangement as used with two batteries 111 and 112, and FIGS. 17-18 
illustrated the low voltage and high voltage wiring arrangements as used 
with three batteries 111-112-113. It is appreciated that typically the 
switching apparatus 10 will be used in conjunction with an automobile of 
some kind as used for jump starting and as such one of the batteries 
(e.g., battery 111) may be employed with the vehicle's own charging 
system. When the batteries 111-112 are connected by the switching 
apparatus 10 in the parallel, low voltage position, as shown in FIG. 15, 
both batteries 111-112 are typically maintained by the vehicle's charging 
system. Similarly, when the batteries 111-112-113 are connected by the 
switching apparatus 10 in the parallel, low voltage position, as shown in 
FIG. 17, all batteries 111-112-113 are typically maintained by the 
vehicle's charging system. Of course, the switching apparatus 10 may be 
used independently of a vehicle where necessary; such use of the voltage 
switching apparatus 10 independent of or in conjunction with a vehicle 
should not be construed so as to limit the spirit and/or scope of the 
present invention. Additionally, FIGS. 15-18 illustrate a starter 10 of a 
vehicle's charging system. It is appreciated that the starter 110 is not 
necessary for proper operation of the switching apparatus 10, but is shown 
since the most common use of the switching apparatus 10 contemplates use 
in conjunction with a vehicle that is used to provide current to other 
vehicles with possess either a 12 volt or 24 volt electrical system. It is 
further appreciated that the switching apparatus 10 may be used with two 
or three of any voltage supply (e.g., batteries, power generators, etc) 
which are capable of being wired in series and parallel. 
The schematics shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 represent the interconnection 
effected by the switching apparatus 10 when used with two batteries 
111-112 in the low voltage position shown in FIG. 15 (e.g., 12 volts when 
used with car batteries) and the high voltage position in FIGS. 16 (e.g., 
24 volts when used with car batteries). As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the 
starter 110 has its negative terminal interconnected with battery 112 by 
line 120 and interconnected with terminal 42E by line 130 thereby commonly 
connecting terminal 42E, the negative side of starter 110, and the 
negative side of battery 112. Line 122 interconnects the positive side of 
the starter 110 with terminal 42A, and line 124 connects the positive side 
of battery 111 with terminal 42B. Line connects the positive side of 
battery 112 with terminal 42C, and line 128 connects the negative side of 
battery 111 with terminal 42D. Cables for drawing low voltage, such as may 
be used to interconnect the batteries 111-112 (or other voltage power 
supply, as previously indicated) to the vehicle or device requiring the 
power, are represented as 132 and 134 in FIG. 15. Terminal 42A provides 
positive voltage for cable 132 and terminal 42E provides negative voltage 
for cable 134. The cables for drawing high voltage are represented as 136 
and 138, for connecting respectively to the high positive side and the 
high negative side of the switching apparatus 10 at terminals 42C and 42D 
respectively 
The schematics shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 represent the interconnection of 
the switching apparatus 10 when used with three batteries 111-112-113. The 
low voltage position is shown in FIG. 17 and the high voltage position is 
shown in FIG. 18. Line 40 interconnects the negative side of the starter 
110 with battery 113 and line 142. Line 142 also interconnects the 
negative side of battery 113 and line 140 with terminal 42D to place the 
negative side of the starter 110, the negative side of the battery 113, 
and terminal 42D in common communication. The positive side of battery 113 
is interconnected with terminal 42B by line 146, the positive side of 
battery 112 is interconnected with terminal 42C by line 144, and the 
positive side of battery 111 is interconnected with terminal 42A by line 
148. Another line 150 interconnects line 148 and/or battery 111 with the 
positive side of the starter 110, and line 152 interconnects the negative 
side of battery 111 with the line 140 and/or the negative side of the 
starter 110. The cables 132-134 for drawing low voltage interconnect 
terminals 42B and 42E respectively (see FIG. 17), and the cables 136-138 
for drawing high voltage interconnect terminals 42C and 42D respectively 
(see FIG. 18). It is appreciated that any suitable location for connecting 
the cables 132-134 (FIGS. 15 and 17) and/or 136-138 (FIGS. 16 and 18) may 
be used without departing from the spirit and/or scope of the present 
invention. Further, for the schematics shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, it will 
be appreciated that battery 111 and starter 110 are interconnected 
together in a parallel fashion to the extent that one is omittable (i.e., 
either the battery 111 or the starter 110 may be disconnected) without 
affecting the operation of the switching apparatus 10. Thus, the three 
battery arrangement of FIGS. 17 and 18 is similar to the two battery 
arrangement of FIGS. 15 and 16 with the third battery (i.e., battery 111 
in FIGS. 17 and 18 is wired in parallel with the starter 110) and the 
starter 110 being interchangeable in that the battery 111 and the starter 
110 of FIGS. 17 and 18 are both comprised of a vehicle's charging system. 
For example, a third battery member may be wired in parallel with the 
starter 110 (i.e., of a vehicle's charging system) shown in FIGS. 15 and 
16 for a three battery arrangement similar to that shown in FIGS. 17 and 
18. 
As shown in FIGS. 15 and 17, when the voltage switching apparatus 10 is in 
the low voltage setting, the primary connection plate 88 interconnects 
terminals 42A, 42B, and 42C, and the secondary connection plate 90 
interconnects terminals 42D and 42E. For the two battery arrangement shown 
in FIG. 15, the low voltage setting effects a parallel coupling of the 
batteries 111-112, along with the starter 110 to provide output voltage to 
the cables 132 and 134. As can be seen in FIG. 15, the secondary 
connection plate 90 electrically connects lines 130 and 128 and/or 120, 
which has the effect of coupling the negative sides of batteries 111 and 
112 together, along with the negative side of the starter 110. Likewise, 
in the low voltage setting, the primary connection plate 90 effects 
electrical connection of the lines 122, 124, and 126, which are 
respectively connected to the terminals 42A, 42B, and 42C, to connect the 
positive sides of the batteries 111-112 along with the positive side of 
the starter 110. As shown in FIG. 17, the primary connection plate 90 
effects connection of the positive sides of batteries 111-112-113 through 
respective lines 148, 144, and 146, along with the positive side of the 
starter 110 through line 150, while secondary connection plate 90 
electrically connects the negative sides of the batteries 112-113 through 
lines 154 and 142 respectively. The negative sides of battery 111 and 
starter 110 interconnect line 142 via line 140 and are thus interconnected 
with the negative sides of batteries 112 and 113. 
When the voltage switching apparatus 10 is in the high voltage setting as 
shown in FIGS. 16 and 18, the primary connection plate 88 interconnects 
terminals 42B and 42E while the secondary connection plate does not 
interconnect any of the terminals, although the secondary connection plate 
remains in contact with terminal 42D. For the two battery arrangement in 
FIG. 16, the high voltage setting provides a series coupling the batteries 
111-112, with the starter 110 (e.g., the charging system of a vehicles) 
being electrically discommunicated from the batteries 111-112. As it can 
be seen in FIG. 16, the positive side of the starter 110 is connected with 
terminal 42A by line 122, and when the primary connection plate is in the 
high voltage setting, cutout 100 in the primary connection plate 88 is 
situated above terminal 42A specifically to prevent electrical 
communication between terminal 42A and the starter 110 through line 122. 
Likewise, in the high voltage setting for the three battery arrangement in 
FIG. 18, the primary connection plate 88 interconnects terminals 42B and 
42E while the secondary connection plate 90 does not interconnect any 
terminals, although the secondary plate 90 remains in contact with 
terminal 42D. When the voltage switching apparatus 10 is in the high 
voltage setting, the cut-out 100 is situated above terminal 42A to prevent 
electrical communication between terminal 42A and the primary connection 
plate 88, as in the case of the two battery arrangement shown in FIG. 16. 
As shown in FIG. 18, the batteries 112 and 113 are connected in series 
while battery 111 and starter 110 are electrically discommunicated from 
batteries 112 and 113. 
It may be apparent from examination of the FIGS. 1 and 15-18 that the 
switching apparatus 10 operates by selectively interconnecting terminals 
42A, 42B, 42C, 42D, and 42E in two possible configurations. As previously 
mentioned, the first configuration electrically interconnects terminals 
42A, 42B, and 42C while simultaneously electrically interconnecting 
terminals 42D and 42E, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 17 and the second 
configuration electrically interconnects terminals 42E and 42B only, as 
shown in FIGS. 16 and 18. The selection of the voltage setting is 
effected, as may be evident, by rotating the shaft assembly 54 to cause 
the switching disc assembly 56 to correspondingly rotate and engage the 
primary connection plate 88 and the secondary connection plate 90 
supported by the supporting disc 80 with the terminal members 42A, 42B, 
42C, 42D, and 42E, in the fashion described above. The switching disc 
assembly 56 is rotated by about 45 degrees to effect disconnection from 
parallel connection of the batteries 111-112 and subsequent connection in 
series of the batteries 111-112. The converse is also true; the switching 
shaft assembly 56 is rotated by about 45 degrees in the opposite direction 
to disconnect the series arrangement of the batteries 111-112 and 
subsequently reconnect them (i.e., the batteries 111-112) in parallel. 
This approximate 45 degree rotation of the switching disc assembly 56 is 
effected by correspondingly rotating the handle member 50 and/or the 
switching shaft assembly 54 by the same amount (i.e., about 45 degrees). 
It is appreciated that the top (see FIG. 1) may additionally comprise a 
pair of stop members 22L--22L wherebetween the handle member 50 is 
delimited for preventing the rotation of the shaft assembly 54 and the 
switching disc assembly 56 coupled therewith outside of the area shown in 
FIGS. 15 and 16; more specifically, to prevent the secondary connection 
plate 90 from engaging terminals 42A, 42B, 42C, and/or 42D and/or to 
prevent the primary connection plate from engaging terminal 42D, the 
handle member 50 has an arc of motion G delimited by the stop members 
22L--22L as shown in FIG. 1. The arc of motion G, as defined above is 
about 45 degrees. It is understood that any suitable means for preventing 
rotation of the switching disc assembly 56 outside of the requisite 
boundaries as set forth above (i.e., about 45 degrees) is included in the 
spirit and scope of the present invention, such as a semi-sector cut out 
in the supporting disc 80 which defines an arc of permissible rotation of 
the switching disc assembly 56 and a stop lug formed in the base 12 for 
engaging the edges defined by the semi-sector cut out. 
As previously indicated, the switching apparatus 10 is provided for 
switching between two voltages of the attached batteries 111-112 (see FIG. 
15) or any other suitable power supply. Typically, the switching apparatus 
10 is used in conjunction with a 12 volt vehicle to provide a 24 volt jump 
start current to heavy equipment having a 24 volt electrical system which 
requires a jump start. Usually cables are secured to the terminals 42A, 
42B, 42C, 42D, and 42E as shown in FIGS. 15-18 by any suitable means, such 
as with wire terminators and nuts. In the case it is necessary to jump 
start a 24 volt vehicle, the switching apparatus 10 is provided for being 
attached to the two batteries 111-112, which will typically comprise 12 
volt auto batteries (or the three batteries 111-112-113, as shown in FIGS. 
17 and 18) but not the jump starting vehicle's starter 110 (i.e., the 
vehicle's charging system), for providing 24 volt output at cables 136 and 
138 (see FIG. 16) by connecting the batteries 111-112 in series through 
the switching apparatus 10. More specifically, terminal 42B connects the 
positive side of battery 111 with terminal 42E, which connects to the 
negative side of battery 112. Cable 136 takes positive voltage from 
battery 112 through terminal 42C, and cable 138 takes negative voltage 
from battery 111 through terminal 42D. Alternatively, where a 12 volt jump 
start voltage is required, the switching apparatus 10 is set as shown in 
FIG. 15 such that terminals 42A, 42B, and 42C are all interconnected so as 
to connect the positive sides of the starter 110, battery 111, and battery 
112 respectively connected therewith together in parallel. Likewise, 
terminals 42D and 42E connect the negative sides of the batteries 111 and 
112 together in parallel. Cables 132 and 134 are taken from terminals 42A 
and 42E respectively for connecting to the vehicle to be jump started. 
While the present invention has been described herein with reference to a 
particular embodiment thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes 
and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosure, and it will be 
appreciated that in some instances some features of the invention will be 
employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing 
from the scope of the invention as set forth.