SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A semiconductor device includes an active pattern having a lower pattern, and a plurality of sheet patterns spaced apart from the lower pattern in a first direction; first and second structures disposed on the lower pattern, wherein the first and second structures are arranged and spaced apart from each other in a second direction; a source/drain recess defined between first and second gate structures; and a source/drain pattern filling the source/drain recess, wherein the source/drain pattern includes a stacking fault spaced apart from the lower pattern.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0080562, filed on Jun. 30, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. 119, the contents of which in its entirety are herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device.

2. Description of Related Art

One of scaling techniques for increasing a density of a semiconductor device includes a multi gate transistor in which a multi-channel active pattern (or silicon body) in a shape of a fin or a nanowire is formed on a substrate and a gate is formed on a surface of the multi-channel active pattern. Because the multi-gate transistor uses a three-dimensional channel, it is easy to scale the multi-gate transistor. Further, current control ability of the multi-gate transistor may be improved without increasing a gate length of the multi-gate transistor. In addition, the multi-gate transistor may effectively suppress SCE (short channel effect) in which a potential of a channel area is affected by a drain voltage.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a semiconductor device includes an active pattern including a lower pattern, and a plurality of sheet patterns spaced apart from the lower pattern in a first direction; first and second structures disposed on the lower pattern, wherein the first and second structures are arranged and spaced apart from each other in a second direction; a source/drain recess defined between first and second gate structures; and a source/drain pattern filling the source/drain recess, wherein the source/drain pattern includes a stacking fault spaced apart from the active pattern in the second direction.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a semiconductor device includes a an active pattern including a lower pattern, and a plurality of sheet patterns spaced apart from the lower pattern in a first direction; a gate structure disposed on the lower pattern, wherein the gate structure surrounds the plurality of sheet patterns, extends in a second direction, and includes a gate electrode; a source/drain recess disposed within the active pattern and on at least one side of the gate structure, wherein the source/drain recess include an extension area disposed between the lower pattern and the sheet pattern adjacent thereto in the first direction or between the sheet patterns adjacent to each other in the first direction; and a source/drain pattern filling the source/drain recess, wherein the source/drain pattern includes a stacking fault spaced from a top surface of the lower pattern, wherein a dimension in a third direction of the extension area increases and then decreases as the extension area extends away from the lower pattern.

According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a semiconductor device includes a first active pattern including a first lower pattern, and a plurality of first sheet patterns spaced apart from the first lower pattern in a first direction; a second active pattern including a second lower pattern, and a plurality of second sheet patterns spaced apart from the second lower pattern in the first direction; a first gate structure disposed on the first lower pattern, wherein the first gate structure surrounds the plurality of first sheet patterns and extends in a second direction; a second gate structure disposed on the second lower pattern, wherein the second gate structure surrounds the plurality of second sheet patterns and extends in the second direction; a first source/drain recess disposed in the first active pattern and on at least one side of the first gate structure; a second source/drain recess disposed in the second active pattern and on at least one side of the second gate structure; a first source/drain pattern filling the first source/drain recess, wherein the first source/drain pattern includes a stacking fault non-overlapping the first lower pattern in a third direction; and a second source/drain pattern filling the second source/drain recess.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The semiconductor device according to some embodiments may include a tunneling transistor (tunneling FET), a three-dimensional (3D) transistor, or a two-dimensional (2D) material-based FET based on a two-dimensional material, and a heterostructure thereof. Further, the semiconductor device according to some embodiments may include a bipolar junction transistor, a lateral double diffusion transistor (LDMOS), and the like.

FIG.1is an illustrative plan view of a semiconductor device according to some embodiments.FIG.2is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ofFIG.1.FIG.3is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B ofFIG.1.FIG.4toFIG.6are enlarged views of area P ofFIG.2. For reference,FIG.1is schematically illustrated while a first gate insulating film130, an etch stop layer185, a first interlayer insulating film190, and a wiring structure205are omitted.

Referring toFIG.1toFIG.3, a semiconductor device according to some embodiments may include a first active pattern AP1, a plurality of first gate electrodes120, a plurality of first gate structures GS1, and a first source/drain pattern150on a substrate100.

For example, the substrate100may be made of bulk silicon or SOI (silicon-on-insulator). In another example, the substrate100may be embodied as a silicon substrate, or may be made of a material other than silicon, e.g., silicon germanium, SGOI (silicon germanium on insulator), indium antimonide, lead telluride, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and/or gallium antimonide.

The first active pattern AP1may be disposed on the substrate100. The first active pattern AP1may extend in an elongated manner, e.g., lengthwise, in the first direction D1.

For example, the first active pattern AP1may be disposed in an area where a NMOS is formed. In another example, the first active pattern AP1may be disposed in an area where a PMOS is formed.

The first active pattern AP1may be, e.g., a multi-channel active pattern. The first active pattern AP1may include a first lower pattern BP1and a plurality of first sheet patterns NS1.

The first lower pattern BP1may protrude from the substrate100. The first lower pattern BP1may extend in the first direction D1.

The plurality of first sheet patterns NS1may be disposed on a top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. The plurality of first sheet patterns NS1may be spaced apart from the first lower pattern BP1in the third direction D3. The plurality of first sheet patterns NS1may include, e.g., first-first to first-third sheet patterns NS11, NS12, and NS13that are sequentially stacked and spaced apart from each other in the third direction D3while being disposed on the first lower pattern BP1. Although it is illustrated that the first sheet patterns NS1include the three sheet patterns NS11, NS12, NS13, this is only for convenience of illustration, and the first sheet patterns NS1may include any suitable number of sheet patterns.

In this regard, the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern may surface, e.g., appear or face, in the third direction D3. The third direction D3may be a direction intersecting the first direction D1and the second direction D2. For example, the third direction D3may be a thickness direction of the substrate100, e.g., the third direction may be perpendicular to the top surface of the substrate100. The first direction D1may be a direction intersecting the second direction D2, e.g., the first and second directions D1and D2may be parallel to the top surface of the substrate100.

Each of the first sheet patterns NS1may include a top surface NS1_US and a bottom surface NS1_BS. The top surface NS1_US of the first sheet pattern is opposite to the bottom surface NS1_BS of the first sheet pattern in the third direction D3. The top surface NS1_US of the first sheet pattern may surface, e.g., face, in the third direction D3, e.g., the top surface NS1_US may face away from the substrate100in the third direction D3, while the bottom surface NS1_BS of the first sheet pattern may surface, e.g., face, in a direction opposite to the third direction D3, e.g., the bottom surface NS1_BS may face the substrate100in a direction opposite to the third direction D3.

The first lower pattern BP1may be formed by etching a portion of the substrate100, or may include an epitaxial layer grown from the substrate100. The first lower pattern BP1may include, e.g., silicon or germanium as an elemental semiconductor material. Further, the first lower pattern BP1may include a compound semiconductor, e.g., a group IV-IV compound semiconductor or a group III-V compound semiconductor.

For example, the group IV-IV compound semiconductor may include a binary compound including two of, e.g., carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and tin (Sn), a ternary compound including three thereof, or a compound obtained by doping a group IV element thereto. For example, the group III-V compound semiconductor may include a binary compound obtained by combining one of, e.g., aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In), as a group III element, and one of, e.g., phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb), as a group V element, with each other, a ternary compound obtained by combining two of, e.g., aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In), as a group III element, and one of, e.g., phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb), as a group V element, with each other, or a quaternary compound obtained by combining three of, e.g., aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and indium (In), as a group III element, and one of, e.g., phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb), as a group V element, with each other.

For example, the first sheet pattern NS1may include one of silicon or germanium as an elemental semiconductor material, a group IV-IV compound semiconductor, or a group compound semiconductor. Each of the first sheet patterns NS1may include the same material as that of the first lower pattern BP1, or may include a material other than that of the first lower pattern BP1.

A dimension of the first sheet pattern NS1in the second direction D2may be increased or decreased in proportion to a dimension of the first lower pattern BP1in the second direction D2. For example, as illustrated inFIG.3, dimensions in the second direction D2of the first sheet patterns NS1arranged in the third direction D3are shown to be equal to each other. In another example, as vertical levels of the first sheet patterns NS1based on, e.g., relative to, the first lower pattern BP1increases, the dimensions in the second direction D2of the first sheet patterns NS1stacked in the third direction D3may decrease. That is, the dimension in the second direction D2of the topmost first sheet patterns NS1may be the smallest.

A field insulating film105may be formed on the substrate100. The field insulating film105may be disposed on a sidewall of the first lower pattern BP1. The field insulating film105is not disposed on the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern.

For example, as illustrated inFIG.3, the field insulating film105may cover an entirety of a sidewall of the first lower pattern BP1. In another example, the field insulating film105may cover only a portion of a sidewall of the first lower pattern BP1. In this case, a portion of the first lower pattern BP1may protrude in the third direction D3upwardly beyond, e.g., above, a top surface of the field insulating film105.

A vertical level of each of the first sheet patterns NS1is higher than that of the top surface of the field insulating film105. The field insulating film105may include, e.g., an oxide film, a nitride film, an oxynitride film, or a combination thereof. Although the field insulating film105is shown as a single film, this is only for convenience of illustration, e.g., the field insulating film105may include multiple films.

The plurality of first gate structures GS1may be disposed on the substrate100. Each of the first gate structures GS1may extend in the second direction D2. The first gate structures GS1may be disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the first direction D1. The first gate structures GS1may be adjacent to each other in the first direction D1.

The first gate structure GS1may be disposed on the first active pattern AP1. The first gate structure GS1may intersect the first active pattern AP1.

The first gate structure GS1may intersect the first lower pattern BP1. The first gate structure GS1may surround each of the first sheet patterns NS1.

The first gate structure GS1may include a first inner gate structure INT1_GS1, a second inner gate structure INT1_GS2, and a third inner gate structure INT1_GS3. The first inner gate structure INT1_GS1, the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2, and the third inner gate structure INT1_GS3may be sequentially disposed on the first lower pattern BP1.

The first inner gate structure INT1_GS1may be disposed between the first lower pattern BP1and the first-first sheet pattern NS11. The second inner gate structure INT1_GS2may be disposed between the first-first sheet pattern NS11and the first-second sheet pattern NS12. The third inner gate structure INT1_GS3may be disposed between the first-second sheet pattern NS12and the first-third sheet pattern NS13.

The inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3are in contact with the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, the top surface NS1_US of the first sheet pattern and the bottom surface NS1_BS of the first sheet pattern. The inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3include a first gate electrode120and the first gate insulating film130disposed between adjacent first sheet patterns NS1and between the first lower pattern BP1and the first sheet pattern NS1.

For example, as illustrated inFIG.2, a dimension in the first direction D1of the third inner gate structure INT1_GS3may be equal to a dimension in the first direction D1of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2. A dimension in the first direction D1of the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1may be equal to the dimension in the first direction D1of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2. The dimension in the first direction D1in each of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3may be measured, e.g., in a space between the top surface NS1_US of the first sheet pattern and the bottom surface NS1_BS of the first sheet pattern opposite to each other in the third direction D3.

In another example, the dimension in the first direction D1of the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1may be greater than the dimension in the first direction D1of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2. The dimension in the first direction D1of the third inner gate structure INT1_GS3may be equal to the dimension in the first direction D1of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2.

The first gate structure GS1may include, e.g., the first gate electrode120, the first gate insulating film130, a first gate spacer140, and a first gate capping pattern145.

The first gate electrode120may be formed on the first lower pattern BP1. The first gate electrode120may intersect the first lower pattern BP1. The first gate electrode120may surround the first sheet pattern NS1.

The first gate electrode120may be disposed between the first sheet patterns NS1adjacent to each other in the third direction D3. A portion of the first gate electrode120may be disposed between a top surface of the first-first sheet pattern NS11and a bottom surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12facing each other, and between a top surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12and a bottom surface of the first-third sheet pattern NS13facing each other. Further, a portion of the first gate electrode120may be disposed between the top surface BS 1 US of the first lower pattern and the bottom surface of the first-first sheet pattern NS11.

The first gate electrode120may be disposed on each of both opposing sides of the first source/drain pattern150to be described later. The first gate structure GS1may be disposed on each of both opposing sides opposite to each other in the first direction D1of the first source/drain pattern150.

In one example, each of the first gate electrodes120disposed on each of both opposing sides of the first source/drain pattern150may be embodied as a normal, e.g., operating, gate electrode used as a gate of a transistor. In another example, the first gate electrode120disposed on one side of the first source/drain pattern150may be used as a gate of the transistor, while the first gate electrode120disposed on the other side of the first source/drain pattern150may act as a dummy gate electrode.

The first gate insulating film130may extend along and on a top surface of the field insulating film105and the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. The first gate insulating film130may surround the plurality of first sheet patterns NS1. The first gate insulating film130may be disposed along a circumference of the first sheet pattern NS1. The first gate electrode120is disposed on the first gate insulating film130. The first gate insulating film130is disposed between the first gate electrode120and the first sheet pattern NS1. The first gate insulating film130may be disposed between the first-first sheet pattern NS11and the first-second sheet pattern NS12adjacent to each other in the third direction D3, between the first-second sheet pattern NS12and the first-third sheet pattern NS13adjacent to each other in the third direction D3, and between the first lower pattern BP1and the first-first sheet pattern NS11adjacent to each other in the third direction D3.

The first gate insulating film130may include silicon oxide, silicon-germanium oxide, germanium oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride, or a high dielectric constant material having a higher dielectric constant than that of silicon oxide. The high dielectric constant material may include at least one of, e.g., boron nitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium silicon oxide, hafnium aluminum oxide, lanthanum oxide, lanthanum aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicon oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, barium strontium titanium oxide, barium titanium oxide, strontium titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, lead scandium tantalum oxide, or lead zinc niobate. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Although it is illustrated that the first gate insulating film130is embodied as a single film, this is only for convenience of illustration, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The first gate insulating film130may include a plurality of films. The first gate insulating film130may include a high dielectric constant insulating film, and an interfacial film disposed between the first sheet pattern NS1and the first gate electrode120.

The semiconductor device according to some embodiments may include an NC (negative capacitance) FET using a negative capacitor. In one example, the first gate insulating film130may include a ferroelectric material film having ferroelectric characteristics and a paraelectric material film having paraelectric characteristics.

The ferroelectric material film may have negative capacitance, and the paraelectric material film may have positive capacitance. For example, when two or more capacitors are connected in series to each other, and capacitance of each of the capacitors has a positive value, a total capacitance is smaller than capacitance of each individual capacitor. On the contrary, when at least one of capacitances of two or more capacitors connected in series to each other has a negative value, a total capacitance may have a positive value and be greater than an absolute value of each individual capacitance.

When the ferroelectric material film with negative capacitance and the paraelectric material film with positive capacitance are connected in series to each other, a total capacitance value of the ferroelectric material film and the paraelectric material film connected in series to each other may be increased. Using the increase in the total capacitance value, a transistor including the ferroelectric material film may have a subthreshold swing (SS) lower than about 60 mV/decade at room temperature.

The ferroelectric material film may have ferroelectric properties. The ferroelectric material film may include, e.g., at least one of hafnium oxide, hafnium zirconium oxide, barium strontium titanium oxide, barium titanium oxide, and lead zirconium titanium oxide. In this connection, in one example, hafnium zirconium oxide may refer to a material obtain by doping hafnium oxide with zirconium (Zr). In another example, hafnium zirconium oxide may refer to a compound of hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), and oxygen (O).

The ferroelectric material film may further contain dopants. For example, the dopant may include at least one of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), scandium (Sc), strontium (Sr) and tin (Sn). A type of the dopant contained in the ferroelectric material film may vary depending on a type of the ferroelectric material included in the ferroelectric material film.

When the ferroelectric material film includes hafnium oxide, the dopant contained in the ferroelectric material film may include, e.g., at least one of gadolinium (Gd), silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr), aluminum (Al), and yttrium (Y).

When the dopant is aluminum (Al), the ferroelectric material film may contain about 3 at % to about 8 at % (atomic %) of aluminum. In this connection, a content of the dopant may be a content of aluminum based on a sum of hafnium and aluminum.

When the dopant is silicon (Si), the ferroelectric material film may contain about 2 at % to about 10 at % of silicon. When the dopant is yttrium (Y), the ferroelectric material film may contain about 2 at % to about 10 at % yttrium. When the dopant is gadolinium (Gd), the ferroelectric material film may contain about 1 at % to about 7 at % gadolinium. When the dopant is zirconium (Zr), the ferroelectric material film may contain about 50 at % to about 80 at % zirconium.

The paraelectric material film may have paraelectric properties. The paraelectric material film may include, e.g., at least one of silicon oxide and metal oxide having a high dielectric constant. For example, the metal oxide contained in the paraelectric material film may include, e.g., at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide.

The ferroelectric material film and the paraelectric material film may include the same material. The ferroelectric material film may have ferroelectric properties, but the paraelectric material film may not have the ferroelectric properties. For example, when each of the ferroelectric material film and the paraelectric material film includes hafnium oxide, a crystal structure of hafnium oxide contained in the ferroelectric material film is different from a crystal structure of hafnium oxide contained in the paraelectric material film.

The ferroelectric material film may have a thickness sized to exhibit ferroelectric properties. For example, the thickness of the ferroelectric material film may be, e.g., in a range of about 0.5 nm to about 10 nm. Because a critical thickness exhibiting the ferroelectric properties may vary based on a type of the ferroelectric material, the thickness of the ferroelectric material film may vary depending on the type of the ferroelectric material.

In one example, the first gate insulating film130may include one ferroelectric material film. In another example, the first gate insulating film130may include a plurality of ferroelectric material films spaced apart from each other. The first gate insulating film130may have a stack film structure in which a plurality of ferroelectric material films and a plurality of paraelectric material films are alternately stacked on top of each other.

The first gate spacer140may be disposed on a sidewall of the first gate electrode120. The first gate spacer140may not be disposed between the first lower pattern BP1and the first sheet pattern NS1and between the first sheet patterns NS1adjacent to each other in the third direction D3. In the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first gate spacer140may include only an outer spacer.

The first gate spacer140may include, e.g., at least one of silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN), silicon boron nitride (SiBN), silicon oxyboron nitride (SiOBN), silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), and combinations thereof. Although the first gate spacer140is shown as a single film, this is only for convenience, e.g., the first gate spacer140may include multiple films.

The first gate capping pattern145may be disposed on the first gate electrode120and the first gate spacer140. A top surface of the first gate capping pattern145may be coplanar with a top surface of the first interlayer insulating film190. Unlike what is shown, the first gate capping pattern145may be disposed between, e.g., facing side surfaces of, the first gate spacers140.

The first source/drain pattern150may be disposed on the first active pattern AP1. The first source/drain pattern150may be disposed on the first lower pattern BP1. The first source/drain pattern150is connected to the first sheet pattern NS1. The first source/drain pattern150contacts the first sheet pattern NS1.

The first source/drain pattern150may be disposed on at least one side surface of the first gate structure GS1. The first source/drain pattern150may be disposed between the first gate structures GS1adjacent to each other in the first direction D1. For example, the first source/drain pattern150may be disposed on each of both opposing sides of the first gate structure GS1. Unlike what is shown, the first source/drain pattern150may be disposed on one side of the first gate structure GS1, and may not be disposed on the other side of the first gate structure GS1.

The first source/drain pattern150may be included in a source/drain of a transistor using the first sheet pattern NS1as a channel area thereof.

The first source/drain pattern150may be disposed in a first source/drain recess150R. The first source/drain pattern150may fill the first source/drain recess150R.

The first source/drain recess150R extends in the third direction D3. The first source/drain recess150R may be defined between the first gate structures GS1adjacent to each other in the first direction D1.

A bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess150R is defined by the first lower pattern BP1. The bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess may face in a direction opposite to the third direction D3. A sidewall of the first source/drain recess150R may be defined by the first sheet pattern NS1and the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3. The inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3may define a portion of the sidewall of the first source/drain recess150R.

In an area between the first-first sheet pattern NS11and the first lower pattern BP1, a boundary between the first gate insulating film130and the first lower pattern BP1may be the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. The top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern may be a boundary between the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1and the first lower pattern BP1. A vertical level of the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess150R is lower than that of the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, e.g., relative to a bottom surface of the substrate100.

A sidewall of the first source/drain recess150R may have a wavy shape, e.g., the first source/drain pattern150filling the first source/drain recess150R and contacting the wavy sidewalls of the first source/drain recess150R may have concave portions facing (e.g., contacting) the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3. The first source/drain recess150R may include a plurality of width extension areas150R_ER. The width extension area150R_ER of each of the first source/drain recesses may be defined above the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, e.g., the width extension areas150R_ER may correspond to and be filled by the concave portions of the first source/drain pattern150.

The width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess may be defined between adjacent ones of the first sheet patterns NS1adjacent to each other in the third direction D3. The width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess may be defined between the first lower pattern BP1and the first-first sheet pattern NS11. The width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess may extend into a space between the first sheet patterns NS1adjacent to each other in the third direction D3. The width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess may be defined between adjacent ones of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3adjacent to each other in the first direction D1.

The width extension area150R_ER of each of the first source/drain recesses may have a portion whose a dimension in the first direction D1increases, and a portion whose a dimension in the first direction D1decreases as the width extension area ER of each of the first source/drain recesses extends away from the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. For example, as the width extension area150R_ER of each of the first source/drain recesses extends away from the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, the dimension in the first direction D1of the width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess may increase and then decrease. In the width extension area150R_ER of each of the first source/drain recesses, a point at which the dimension in the first direction D1of the width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess is maximum may be positioned between the first-first sheet pattern NS11and the first lower pattern BP1, or between adjacent ones of the first sheet patterns NS1adjacent to each other in the third direction D3.

The first source/drain pattern150may be in, e.g., direct, contact with the first sheet pattern NS1and the first lower pattern BP1. The first gate insulating film130of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3may, e.g., directly, contact the first source/drain pattern150.

The first source/drain pattern150may include an epitaxial pattern. The first source/drain pattern150may include a semiconductor material.

The first source/drain pattern150may include, e.g., silicon or germanium as an elemental semiconductor material. Further, the first source/drain pattern150may include, e.g., a binary compound including two of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and tin (Sn), a ternary compound including three thereof, or the binary compound or the ternary compound containing a group IV element doped thereto. For example, the first source/drain pattern150may include silicon, silicon-germanium, silicon carbide, etc.

The first source/drain pattern150may include impurity doped semiconductor material. For example, the first source/drain pattern150may contain n-type impurity. The doped n-type impurity may include at least one of, e.g., phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi). Although it is illustrated that the first source/drain pattern150is embodied as a single film, this is only for convenience of illustration, e.g., the first source/drain pattern150may include multiple films. The first source/drain pattern150may include a first stacking fault211and212.

The first stacking fault211and212may apply stress to the first sheet pattern NS1used as a channel area. Accordingly, mobility of charge carriers in the first sheet pattern NS1may be increased to improve performance of the semiconductor device. The first stacking fault refers to a crystallographic defect, e.g., a line defect or a dislocation.

The first stacking fault211and212may be spaced apart from the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess, e.g., in the third direction D3. The first stacking fault211and212may be spaced apart from the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, e.g., in the third direction D3. The first stacking fault211and212may not contact the first lower pattern BP1. The first stacking fault211and212may not overlap, e.g., the first lower pattern BP1in the first direction D1. In some embodiments, the first stacking fault211and212may be disposed between an extension line L1of a bottom surface of the first-first sheet pattern NS11and an extension line L2of a top surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12.

In some embodiments, the first stacking fault211and212may have a first-first stacking fault211having a positive slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, and a first-second stacking fault212having a negative slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. For example, the first-first stacking fault211may extend from a sidewall of the first-first sheet pattern NS11or a point spaced from the sidewall of the first-first sheet pattern NS11in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. The first-second stacking fault212may extend from a sidewall of the first-second sheet pattern NS12or a point spaced from the sidewall of the first-second sheet pattern NS12in an inclined manner toward the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess or the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern.

In some embodiments, the first stacking fault211and212may extend from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS11, a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS11, or an inner point of the first sheet pattern NS11. The first stacking fault211and212may start to extend from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS11, a point adjacent to the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS11, or an inner point of the first sheet pattern NS11.

In some embodiments, the first stacking fault211and212may be spaced apart from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1. The first stacking fault211and212may not contact the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1. The first stacking fault211and212may extend from a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1. The first stacking fault211and212may extend from a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern or the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess. For example, referring toFIG.4, the first-first stacking fault211may extend from a point within the first source/drain pattern150and spaced from the sidewall NS1_SS of the first-first sheet pattern NS11in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern.

In some embodiments, the first stacking fault211and212may extend from a sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1. The first stacking fault211and212may, e.g., directly, contact the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1. The first stacking fault211and212may extend from the sidewall of the first sheet pattern NS1in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern or the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess150R. For example, referring toFIG.5, the first-first stacking fault211may extend from the sidewall NS1_SS of the first-first sheet pattern NS11in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern.

In some embodiments, the first stacking fault211and212may extend from an inner point of the first sheet pattern NS1. That is, the first stacking fault211and212may extend to an inner point of the first sheet pattern NS1. A portion of the first stacking fault211and212may be disposed inside the first sheet pattern NS1. The first stacking fault211and212may extend from the inner point of the first sheet pattern NS1in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern or the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess. For example, referring toFIG.6, the first-first stacking fault211may extend from the inner point of the first-first sheet pattern NS11in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern.

In some embodiments, the first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212may meet each other, e.g., may directly contact each other. The first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212may intersect each other. The first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault112may interest each other to form, e.g., an “X” shape. The first-first stacking fault211may extend from a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the first-first sheet pattern NS11or from the sidewall of the first-first sheet pattern NS11and may extend through a contact point thereof with the first-second stacking fault212, and then may extend toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. The first-second stacking fault212may extend from a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the first-second sheet pattern NS12or from the sidewall of the first-second sheet pattern NS12and then may extend through the contact point thereof with the first-first stacking fault211and then may extend toward the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess.

The source/drain etch stop layer185may be disposed on a sidewall of the first gate structure GS1, a top surface of the first source/drain pattern150, a sidewall of the first source/drain pattern150, and a top surface of the field insulating film105. The source/drain etch stop layer185may include a material having an etch selectivity relative to the first interlayer insulating film190to be described later.

The first interlayer insulating film190may be disposed on the source/drain etch stop layer185. The first interlayer insulating film190may be disposed on the first source/drain pattern150. The first interlayer insulating film190may not cover a top surface of the first gate capping pattern145. For example, the top surface of the first interlayer insulating film190may be coplanar with the top surface of the first gate capping pattern145.

A first source/drain contact180is disposed on the first source/drain pattern150. The first source/drain contact180is connected to the first source/drain pattern150. The first source/drain contact180may extend through the first interlayer insulating film190and source/drain etch stop layer185and then may be connected to the first source/drain pattern150. A first metal silicide film155may be further disposed between the first source/drain contact180and the first source/drain pattern150.

Although it is illustrated that the first source/drain contact180is embodied as a single film, this is only for convenience of illustration, e.g., the first source/drain contact180may be embodied as multiple films. The first source/drain contact180may include, e.g., at least one of metal, metal alloy, conductive metal nitride, conductive metal carbide, conductive metal oxide, conductive metal carbonitride, and a two-dimensional material (2D material). The first metal silicide film155may include metal silicide.

A second interlayer insulating film191is disposed on the first interlayer insulating film190. The second interlayer insulating film191may include, e.g., at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and a low-k material.

A wiring structure205is disposed in the second interlayer insulating film191. The wiring structure205may be connected to the first source/drain contact180. The wiring structure205may include a wiring line207and a wiring via206.

Although it is illustrated that the wiring line207and the wiring via206are distinguished from each other, this is only for convenience of illustration, e.g., the wiring line207and the wiring via206may be integral with each other. For example, the wiring via206may be formed, and then the wiring line207may be formed, e.g., of different materials and/or by different processes. In another example, the wiring via206and the wiring line207may be formed simultaneously, e.g., in a same process of a same material.

Although it is illustrated that each of the wiring line207and the wiring via206is embodied as a single film, this is only for convenience of illustration, e.g., each of the wiring line207and the wiring via206may be embodied as multiple films. Each of the wiring line207and the wiring via206may include, e.g., at least one of metal, metal alloy, conductive metal nitride, conductive metal carbide, conductive metal oxide, conductive metal carbonitride, and a two-dimensional material (2D material).

For example, a top surface of a portion of the first source/drain contact180connected to the wiring structure205may be coplanar with a top surface of a portion of the first source/drain contact180not connected to the wiring structure205.

FIG.7toFIG.20are cross-sectional views of a semiconductor device according to some embodiments. For reference,FIG.7toFIG.20are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A ofFIG.1. For convenience of description, the following descriptions are based on differences relative to those with respect toFIG.1toFIG.6.

Referring toFIG.7, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include a second stacking fault221and222. The second stacking fault221and222may be disposed between an extension line L3of a bottom surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12and an extension line L4of a top surface of the first-third sheet pattern NS13. In some embodiments, the second stacking fault221and222may include a second-first stacking fault221with a positive slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, and a second-second stacking fault222with a negative slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern.

For example, the second-first stacking fault221may extend from a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the first-second sheet pattern NS12or from the sidewall of the first-second sheet pattern NS12in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. The second-second stacking fault222may extend from a point spaced from the sidewall of the first-third sheet pattern NS13or from the sidewall of the first-third sheet pattern NS13in an inclined manner toward the bottom surface BS of the first source/drain recess.

Referring toFIG.8, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include a third stacking fault231and232. The third stacking fault231and232may be disposed between an extension line L5of a bottom surface of the first-third sheet pattern NS13and the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. In some embodiments, the third stacking fault231and232may include a third-first stacking fault231having a positive slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern and a third-second stacking fault232having a negative slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern.

For example, the third-first stacking fault231may extend from a point spaced away from the sidewall of the first-third sheet pattern NS13or from the sidewall of the first-third sheet pattern NS13in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. The third-second stacking fault232may extend from the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern in an inclined manner toward the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess. In other words, the third-first stacking fault231may have a positive slope with respect to the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern, while the third-second stacking fault232may have a negative slope with respect to the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. The third-first stacking fault231and the third-second stacking fault232may extend from the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern in an inclined manner toward both opposing sidewalls in the first direction D1of the first-third sheet pattern NS13, respectively. In some embodiments, the third-first stacking fault231and the third-second stacking fault232may not meet each other, e.g., may be on opposite sides of the first source/drain contact180.

Referring toFIG.9, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include the second stacking fault221and222as described above with reference toFIG.7, and the third stacking fault231and232as described above with reference toFIG.8.

Referring toFIG.10, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include the first stacking fault211and212as described above with reference toFIG.2, and the second stacking fault221and222as described above with reference toFIG.7.

Referring toFIG.11, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include the first stacking fault211and212as described above with reference toFIG.2, and the third stacking fault231and232as described above with reference toFIG.8.

Referring toFIG.12, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include the first stacking fault211and212as described above with reference toFIG.2, the second stacking fault221and222as described above with reference toFIG.7, and the third stacking fault231and232as described above with reference toFIG.8.

Referring toFIG.13, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212may meet each other but may not intersect each other. The first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212may meet each other at a point within the first source/drain pattern150. For example, the first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault112may meet each other to form a “V” shape. The first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212may be terminated at the point at which the first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212meet each other.

Referring toFIG.14, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include the first stacking fault211having a positive slope or a negative slope with respect to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. For example, the first stacking fault211may have a positive slope with respect to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first source/drain pattern150may include a stacking fault having a negative slope with respect to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern.

Referring toFIG.15, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150may include a fourth stacking fault241and242. The fourth stacking fault241and242may extend from a point spaced away from a sidewall of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3or from the sidewall of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3. The fourth stacking fault241and242may start to extend from the sidewall of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3or the point adjacent to the sidewall of the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3.

In some embodiments, the fourth stacking fault241and242may be disposed between an extension line L6of a bottom surface of the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1and an extension line L7of a top surface of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2. The extension line L6of the bottom surface of the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1may be an extension line of the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, while the extension line L7of the top surface of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2may be an extension line of the bottom surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12.

In some embodiments, the fourth stacking fault241and242may include a fourth-first stacking fault241having a positive slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern and a fourth-second stacking fault242having a negative slope relative to the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern. For example, the fourth-first stacking fault241may extend from a point spaced from the sidewall of the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1or from the sidewall of the first inner gate structure INT1_GS1in an inclined manner toward the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern. The fourth-second stacking fault242may extend from a point spaced apart from the sidewall of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2or from the sidewall of the second inner gate structure INT1_GS2in an inclined manner toward the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess.

Referring toFIG.16, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150disposed on one side of the first gate structure GS1and the first source/drain pattern150disposed on the other side of the first gate structure GS1150may include stacking faults211,212,213, and214of different shapes.

For example, the first source/drain pattern150disposed on one side of the first gate structure GS1may include the first-first stacking fault211and the first-second stacking fault212intersecting each other to form an “X” shape. The first source/drain pattern150disposed on the other side of the first gate structure GS1may include a first-third stacking fault213and a first-fourth stacking fault214meeting each other to form a “V” shape.

In some embodiments, the first source/drain pattern150disposed on one side of the first gate structure GS1and the first source/drain pattern150disposed on the other side of the first gate structure GS1may be disposed between the extension line L1of the bottom surface of the first-first sheet pattern NS11and the extension line L2of the top surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first source/drain pattern150disposed on one side of the first gate structure GS1and the first source/drain pattern150disposed on the other side of the first gate structure GS1may be disposed in different areas. For example, the first source/drain pattern150disposed on one side of the first gate structure GS1and the first source/drain pattern150disposed on the other side of the first gate structure GS1may be respectively disposed in two different areas among following different areas: an area between the extension line L1of the bottom surface of the first-first sheet pattern NS11and the extension line L2of the top surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12, an area between the extension line L3of the bottom surface of the first-second sheet pattern NS12and the extension line L4of the top surface of the first-third sheet pattern NS13, and an area between the extension line L5of the bottom surface of the first-third sheet pattern NS13and the top surface150_US of the first source/drain pattern.

Referring toFIG.17, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first gate structure GS1may further include an inner spacer ISP. The inner spacer ISP may be disposed between adjacent ones of the first sheet patterns NS1adjacent to each other in the third direction D3and between the first lower pattern BP1and the first-first sheet pattern NS11. The inner spacer ISP may contact the first gate insulating film130included in the inner gate structures INT1_GS1, INT1_GS2, and INT1_GS3. The inner spacer ISP may define a portion of the first source/drain recess150R.

Referring toFIG.18, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain recess150R does not include a plurality of width extension areas (150R_ER ofFIG.2). A sidewall of the first source/drain recess150R does not have a wavy shape. The first source/drain recess150R may include a portion, wherein as the portion extends away from the top surface BP1_US of the first lower pattern, the dimension in the first direction D1of the portion is constant. An upper portion of the sidewall of the first source/drain recess150R may decrease in a dimension in the first direction D1as the upper portion extends away from the first lower pattern BP1.

Referring toFIG.19, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, a vertical level of a top surface of a portion of the first source/drain contact180not connected to the wiring structure205is lower than that of a top surface of the first gate capping pattern145, e.g., relative to a bottom of the substrate100. A vertical level of a top surface of a portion of the first source/drain contact180connected to the wiring structure205is higher than that of the top surface of the portion of the first source/drain contact180not connected to the wiring structure205, e.g., relative to a bottom of the substrate100.

Referring toFIG.20, in the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the first source/drain contact180includes a lower source/drain contact181and an upper source/drain contact182. The upper source/drain contact182may constitute a portion connected to the wiring structure205, and the lower source/drain contact181may constitute a portion not connected to the wiring structure205.

In detail, the wiring line207may be connected to the first source/drain contact180without the wiring via (206inFIG.2). The wiring structure205may not include the wiring via (206inFIG.2).

Although it is illustrated that each of the lower source/drain contact181and the upper source/drain contact182is embodied as a single film, this is only for convenience of illustration, e.g., each of the lower source/drain contact181and the upper source/drain contact182may be embodied as multiple films. Each of the lower source/drain contact181and the upper source/drain contact182may include, e.g., at least one of metal, metal alloy, conductive metal nitride, conductive metal carbide, conductive metal oxide, conductive metal carbonitride, and a two-dimensional material (2D material).

FIG.21andFIG.22are diagrams for illustrating a semiconductor device according to some embodiments. For reference,FIG.21is a plan view of a semiconductor device according to some embodiments, andFIG.22is a cross-sectional view along line C-C ofFIG.21.

Further, the cross-sectional view along line A-A inFIG.21may be the same as one ofFIG.2toFIG.20. In addition, descriptions of a first area I inFIG.21may be substantially the same as those related to the NMOS among the descriptions as set forth above with reference toFIG.1toFIG.20. Therefore, the following descriptions are directed to a second area II inFIG.21.

Referring toFIG.21andFIG.22, a semiconductor device according to some embodiments may include the first active pattern AP1, the plurality of first gate structures GS1, the first source/drain pattern150, a second active pattern AP2, a plurality of second gate structures GS2, and a second source/drain pattern250on the substrate100.

The substrate100may include the first area I and the second area II. The first area I may be an area in which an NMOS is formed, and the second area II may be an area in which a PMOS is formed.

The first active pattern AP1, the plurality of first gate structures GS1, and the first source/drain pattern150are disposed in the first area I of the substrate100. The second active pattern AP2, the plurality of second gate structures GS2, and the second source/drain pattern250are disposed in the second area II of the substrate100.

The second active pattern AP2may include a second lower pattern BP2and a plurality of second sheet patterns NS2. The plurality of second sheet patterns NS2is disposed on a top surface BP2US of the second lower pattern. The plurality of second sheet patterns NS2may include, e.g., second-first to second-third sheet patterns NS21, NS22, NS23that are sequentially staked and are spaced apart from each other in the third direction D3while being disposed on the second lower pattern BP2. Although it is illustrated that the second sheet patterns NS2include three sheet patterns NS21, NS22, and NS23, this is only for convenience of illustration, and the second sheet patterns NS2may include any suitable number of sheet patterns.

Each of the second sheet patterns NS2includes a top surface NS2US and a bottom surface NS2_BS opposite to each other in the third direction D3. Each of the second lower pattern BP2and the second sheet pattern NS2may include, e.g., one of silicon or germanium as an elemental semiconductor material, a group IV-IV compound semiconductor, or a group III-V compound semiconductor. In the semiconductor device according to some embodiments, the second lower pattern BP2may be a silicon lower pattern including silicon, while the second sheet pattern NS2may be a silicon sheet pattern including silicon.

The plurality of second gate structures GS2may be disposed on the substrate100. The second gate structures GS2may be disposed on the second active pattern AP2. The second gate structures GS2may intersect the second active pattern AP2. The second gate structures GS2may intersect the second lower pattern BP2. The second gate structures GS2may surround each of the second sheet patterns NS2. The second gate structures GS2may include a plurality of inner gate structures INT2_GS1, INT2_GS2, and INT2_GS3disposed between adjacent ones of the second sheet patterns NS2adjacent to each other in the third direction D3and between the second lower pattern BP2and the second-first sheet pattern NS21. The second gate structures GS2may include, e.g., a second gate electrode220, a second gate insulating film230, a second gate spacer240and a second gate capping pattern245.

The second source/drain pattern250may be formed on the second active pattern AP2. The second source/drain pattern250may be formed on the second lower pattern BP2. The second source/drain pattern250may be connected to the second sheet pattern NS2. The second source/drain pattern250may be included in a source/drain of a transistor using the second sheet pattern NS2as a channel area.

The second source/drain pattern250may be disposed in a second source/drain recess250R. The second source/drain recess250R may include a plurality of width extension areas250R_ER. A bottom surface of the second source/drain recess250R may be defined by the second lower pattern BP2. A sidewall of the second source/drain recess250R may be defined by the second sheet pattern NS2and the inner gate structures INT2_GS1, INT2_GS2, and INT2_GS3.

The second source/drain pattern250may contact the second gate insulating film230and the second lower pattern BP2of the inner gate structures INT2_GS1, INT2_GS2, and INT2_GS3. The second source/drain pattern250may contain doped p-type impurities. The second source/drain pattern250does not include the stacking fault (e.g., the second source/drain pattern250does not include the first stacking fault211and212inFIG.2).

A second source/drain contact280is disposed on the second source/drain pattern250. The second source/drain contact280is connected to the second source/drain pattern250. A second metal silicide film255may be further disposed between the second source/drain contact280and the second source/drain pattern250.

FIG.23toFIG.29are diagrams of stages in a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to some embodiments. For reference,FIG.23toFIG.28are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A ofFIG.1.

Referring toFIG.23, the first lower pattern BP1and an upper pattern structure U_AP may be formed on the substrate100. The upper pattern structure U_AP may be disposed on the first lower pattern BP1.

The upper pattern structure U_AP may include a plurality of sacrificial patterns SC_L and a plurality of active patterns ACT_L alternately stacked on top of each other while being disposed on the first lower pattern BP1. For example, the sacrificial pattern SC_L may include a silicon-germanium layer, and the active pattern ACT_L may include a silicon film.

Thereafter, a dummy gate insulating film130p, a dummy gate electrode120p, and a dummy gate capping film120_HM may be formed on the upper pattern structure U_AP. The dummy gate insulating film130pmay include, e.g., silicon oxide. The dummy gate electrode120pmay include, e.g., polysilicon. The dummy gate capping film120_HM may include, e.g., silicon nitride. A pre-gate spacer140pmay be formed on a sidewall of the dummy gate electrode120p.

Referring toFIG.24andFIG.25, the first source/drain recess150R may be formed in the upper pattern structure U_AP using the dummy gate electrode120pas a mask.

A portion of the first source/drain recess150R may be formed in the first lower pattern BP1. The bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess may be defined by the first lower pattern BP1.

InFIG.24, a dimension in the first direction D1of the first source/drain recess150R increases and then decreases as the recess extends away from the first lower pattern BP1. InFIG.25, the first source/drain recess150R may include a plurality of width extension areas150R_ER.

For example, the first source/drain recess150R, as shown inFIG.24, may be formed and then the sacrificial pattern SC_L may be additionally etched to form the width extension area150R_ER of the first source/drain recess. Thus, as illustrated inFIG.25, the sidewall of the first source/drain recess150R may have a wavy shape.

Subsequent steps of the manufacturing method are described based on the first source/drain recess150R as shown inFIG.25.

Referring toFIG.26, a pre-source/drain pattern150pmay be formed in the first source/drain recess150R. The pre-source/drain pattern150pmay fill the first source/drain recess150R. The pre-source/drain pattern150pis formed on the first lower pattern BP1.

Then, referring toFIG.27toFIG.29, the first source/drain pattern150including the first stacking fault211and212may be formed using a stress memorization technique (hereinafter, referred to as a “SMT process”).

In detail, referring toFIG.27, at least a portion of the pre-source/drain pattern150pmay be amorphized to form an amorphized area150′ in an amorphization process10. For example, the amorphization process10may be performed using the dummy gate electrode120pand the pre-gate spacer140pas a mask.

The amorphized area150′ may be spaced apart from the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess150R. For example, the amorphized area150′ may not overlap with the first lower pattern BP1in the first direction D1. A maximum distance D between the bottom surface150R_BS of the first source/drain recess and the amorphized area150′ may be determined based on the amorphization process10. For example, when performing the amorphization process10with low implant energy, the amorphized area150′ may be close to a top surface of the pre-source/drain pattern150p, e.g., a distance between the top of the amorphized area150′ and the top surface of the pre-source/drain pattern150pmay be smaller than distance D. Subsequently, the first stacking fault211and212may be formed in the amorphized area150′. That is, the amorphization process10may be controlled such that the first stacking fault211and212may be formed at a desired location within the first source/drain pattern150.

For example, the amorphization process10may be a pre-amorphization ion implantation (PAI) process, e.g., implantation depth, energy, and temperature may be adjusted to determine implantation depth and location of the resultant amorphized area150′. The amorphization process10may include, e.g., implanting at least one of Si, Ge, Xe and C.

Referring toFIG.28, a stress film160may be formed. The stress film160may, e.g., conformally, cover the dummy gate capping film120_HM, the pre-gate spacer140p, and the amorphized area150′.

For example, since NMOS may be formed on the first lower pattern BP1, the stress film160may include a material capable of applying tensile stress to the plurality of active patterns ACT_L. The stress film160may include, e.g., silicon nitride (SixNy) or silicon oxide (SiO2).

Thereafter, the amorphized area150′ may be recrystallized via an annealing process20to form the first source/drain pattern150including the first stacking fault211and212. The annealing process20may include, e.g., one of Spike RTA, Flash RTP and Laser annealing. The first stacking fault211and212may be formed by changing a position of an atomic layer of the amorphized area150′ or adding or eliminating a portion of the atomic layer during the recrystallization of the amorphized area150′. The process conditions of the amorphization process10and the process conditions of the annealing process20may be adjusted to control the position and the shape of the first stacking fault211and212.

Referring toFIG.29, the stress film160may be removed.

Then, referring toFIG.2, the source/drain etch stop layer185and the first interlayer insulating film190may be sequentially formed on the first source/drain pattern150. Then, a portion of the first interlayer insulating film190, a portion of the source/drain etch stop layer185, and the dummy gate capping film120_HM may be removed to expose a top surface of the dummy gate electrode120p. While the top surface of the dummy gate electrode120pis exposed, the first gate spacer140may be formed.

The dummy gate insulating film130pand the dummy gate electrode120pmay be removed such that a portion of the upper pattern structure U_AP between the first gate spacers140may be exposed. Thereafter, the sacrificial pattern SC_L may be removed such that the first sheet pattern NS1may be formed. The first sheet pattern NS1is connected to the first source/drain pattern150. Thus, the first active pattern AP1including the first lower pattern BP1and the first sheet pattern NS1is may be formed.

Further, the sacrificial pattern SC_L may be removed such that a gate trench may be formed between the first gate spacers140. When the sacrificial pattern SC_L has been removed, a portion of the first source/drain pattern150may be exposed.

The first gate insulating film130and the first gate electrode120may be formed in the gate trench. Further, the first gate capping pattern145may be formed.

FIG.30toFIG.33are stages in a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to some embodiments. For reference,FIG.30toFIG.33are cross-sectional views taken along line A-A ofFIG.1.FIG.30is a diagram showing a step subsequent toFIG.25. For convenience of description, the following descriptions are based on differences relative to those described with reference toFIG.23toFIG.29. Referring toFIG.30, a first pre-source/drain pattern151pmay be formed in the first source/drain recess150R. The first pre-source/drain pattern151pmay fill a portion of the first source/drain recess150R.

Referring toFIG.31, in the amorphization process10, at least a portion of the first pre-source/drain pattern151pmay be amorphized to form the amorphized area150′. For example, the amorphization process10may be performed using the dummy gate electrode120pand the pre-gate spacer140pas a mask.

Referring toFIG.32, the stress film160may be formed. Thereafter, the amorphized area150′ may be recrystallized via the annealing process20to form a first pre-stacking fault211pand212p. For example, the first pre-stacking fault211pand212pmay extend from a sidewall of one active pattern ACT_L or a point spaced from the sidewall of one active pattern ACT_L in an inclined manner toward a top surface of the first pre-source/drain pattern151p.

Referring toFIG.33, the stress film160may be removed.

Subsequently, referring toFIG.2, a second pre-source/drain pattern filling the first source/drain recess150R may be formed on the pre-source/drain pattern150p. The first pre-stacking fault211pand212pmay further extend in the second pre-source/drain pattern and thus may become the first stacking fault211and212. Accordingly, the first source/drain pattern150including the first stacking fault211and212may be formed. That is, the first pre-stacking fault211pand212pmay be formed, and then may further extend and thus may become the first stacking fault211and212. In this way, the first stacking fault211and212may be formed with a smaller amount of energy.

FIG.34toFIG.37are diagrams of stages in a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to some embodiments. For reference,FIG.34toFIG.37are cross-sectional views along line A-A ofFIG.1.FIG.34is a diagram showing a step subsequent toFIG.23. For convenience of description, the following descriptions are based on differences relative to those described with reference toFIG.23toFIG.29.

Referring toFIG.34, in the amorphization process10, at least a portion of the upper pattern structure U_AP may be amorphized to form the amorphized area150′. For example, the amorphization process10may be performed using the dummy gate electrode120pand the pre-gate spacer140pas a mask.

Referring toFIG.35, the stress film160may be formed. Thereafter, the amorphized area150′ may be recrystallized via the annealing process20to form a pre-stacking fault151and152. For example, the pre-stacking fault151and152may extend from a point spaced apart from a sidewall of one active pattern ACT_L or from the sidewall of one active pattern ACT_L in a negative slope or a positive slope.

Referring toFIG.36, the stress film160may be removed.

Referring toFIG.37, using the dummy gate electrode120pas a mask, the first source/drain recess150R may be formed in the upper pattern structure U_AP. Accordingly, a portion of the pre-stacking fault151and152may be removed. That is, a starting point or an ending point of the pre-stacking fault151and152may remain.

Subsequently, the first source/drain pattern150filling the first source/drain recess150R may be formed. The first source/drain pattern150may include the first stacking fault211and212. The first stacking fault211and212may extend from the remaining starting point or ending point of the pre-stacking fault151and152when forming the first source/drain recess150R.

By way of summation and review, embodiments provide a semiconductor device with improved product reliability.

Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.