Method and apparatus for maintaining products at selected temperatures

Apparatus for maintaining products, such as foods, at selected temperatures which includes a chest or housing and in one form having hollow, slab-like containers lining the walls of the chest, the containers being filled with a solution such as a saline solution and in another form having trays adapted to be stacked one upon another within the chest with the bottom of each tray formed of a hollow, slab-like container also filled with a solution such as a saline solution, the containers may be heated either to temperatures as high as 180.degree. F. to 200.degree. F. or cooled to temperatures as low as or colder than 0.degree. F. to maintain products at either high or low temperatures as may be desired and the invention further involves an improved method for maintaining products at a desired temperature.

This invention relates to a novel and improved method and means for 
maintaining foods and other products at selected temperatures either above 
or below ambient temperatures and more specifically a method and apparatus 
for maintaining products at desired high or low temperatures or raising or 
lowering the temperature of such products for extended periods of time for 
preservation and other purposes which does not require an external source 
of energy, does not emit undesirable gases and leaves no residue such as 
water or other liquid which may adversely affect the products. 
Known refrigeration means for the cooling of foods and other products for 
transport when an external power source is unavailable or their 
maintenance in a frozen state usually involves the provision of an 
insulated chest and the utilization of chunks or cubes of ice or dry ice 
surrounding the products to be refrigerated. In such cases, ice will 
normally keep foods for instance at temperatures below ambient temperature 
but above freezing for a moderate length of time but care must be taken in 
many cases to protect the foods from the water resulting from the 
absorption of heat from the foods and penetrating the walls of the chest. 
In the case of dry ice which is at a much lower temperature than ice, an 
undesirable gas is emitted and therefor is not considered satisfactory for 
certain applications and particularly those involving confined spaces such 
as closed unventilated spaces in vehicles and particularly aircraft. To 
maintain products at temperatures above ambient temperature when an 
external power source is not available, the products such as foods are 
generally heated to the desired temperature and then placed in an 
insulated chest or housing to minimize the loss of heat. 
This invention has as one of its objects a method and apparatus for 
refrigerating foods and other products for extended periods of time 
without the danger of damage or contamination caused by water resulting 
from melted ice or the emission of gases and which can be accomplished 
easily and effectively and at a relatively low cost. 
Another object of the invention resides in the provision of means in the 
form of sealed hollow slabs or containers containing an improved substance 
which can be either heated or frozen by suitable means and which when 
placed about the walls of an insulated housing will occupy minimal space 
and function to maintain foods or other products at a desired temperature 
for periods of up to at least 10 hours or function to either raise or 
lower the temperature of articles when placed in the housing. 
Still another object of the invention resides in the provision of novel and 
improved means which may be incorporated as part of the freezing 
compartment of an electromechanical refrigerator to maintain foods and 
other products below freezing temperatures for extended periods of time in 
the event of failure of refrigeration for any reason. 
Still another object of the invention resides in the provision of a novel 
and improved chest for maintaining foods frozen for up to at least 10 
hours without the emission of gases such as carbon dioxide and which is 
particularly useful in connection with the supply of foods in sealed 
spaces such as aircraft and the like or to maintain foods at temperatures 
above ambient temperature. 
A still further object of the invention resides in the provision of a 
sectioned chest with improved means for maintaining one chest section at a 
temperature below freezing and the other section in the range of 
34.degree. F. to about 50.degree. F. for holding products not required to 
be frozen. 
The invention involves a chest or housing formed of insulating material 
such as styrofoam or the like having at least one compartment therein and 
a plurality of hollow, slab-like containers removably lining the walls of 
the compartment. Each container is filled with a solution containing for 
instance salt and water and is sealed to retain the solution therein. Upon 
either heating or cooling the solution in each of the containers and 
placement in the chest compartment, products such as foods and other items 
can be maintained above or well below ambient temperature for extended 
periods of time. Such an arrangement, particularly when maintaining foods 
at cold temperatures and even below freezing, prevents contamination of 
foods which occurs when using ice cubes or the like and does not emit 
gases such as carbon dioxide so that a chest according to the invention 
can be used in enclosed spaces such as an aircraft. The invention may be 
used in the freezer compartments of electromechanical refrigerators to 
protect cooled and frozen foods in the event of power loss or other 
problems that may be encountered. 
The above and other objects and advantages of the invention will become 
more apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings 
forming part of this application.

Referring now to the drawings and more specifically to FIGS. 1 through 4 
showing one embodiment of the invention, the numeral 10 denotes a chest or 
housing formed of insulating material such as styrofoam or the like and a 
cover 11 also of insulating material and having a top portion 12 adapted 
to overlie the upper edges of the chest 10 and a portion 13 of slightly 
smaller dimensions to fit within the opening of the chest 10 and maintain 
the cover 11 in alignment with the chest. 
The invention will now be described in connection with the refrigeration of 
products such as foods though it will be apparent that the invention may 
also be used for maintaining products at temperatures above ambient 
temperature. 
The inner surfaces of the chest 10 are lined with refrigerating elements 14 
through 19, each of which have edge portions 20 tapered at a 45.degree. 
angle relative to the surfaces of the elements. With this arrangement, the 
elements 14 through 19 are readily removable from the chest and when 
inserted will be retained in position against the bottom and side walls of 
the chest. For instance, the bottom element 18 would first be inserted in 
the chest 10 and a tab 18' is provided to facilitate installation and 
removal of that element. Then the side wall elements 14 through 17 are 
inserted whereby the bottom edges of each of these elements will cooperate 
with the tapered edges of the bottom element 18 to hold them in place. At 
the same time, the elements 14 through 17 also engage one another to 
retain all four elements in position against the side walls. The elements 
14 through 17 may also include tabs 14' through 17' to facilitate 
installation and removal of the side wall elements. It will also be 
observed from FIG. 1 that the side wall elements terminate in spaced 
relationship to the top edge of the chest 10 to provide adequate space for 
receipt of the top element 19 and the cover 11. The top element 19 may 
also be provided with a tab 19' on the other side thereof to facilitate 
its installation and removal. 
Each of the refrigerating elements 14 through 19 is in the form of a hollow 
structure, a fragmentary portion being illustrated in FIG. 4, having inner 
and outer walls 21 and 22 and inclined edges 20. One inclined edge 20 of 
each of the refrigerating elements includes a recessed portion 23 having a 
filler opening 24 therein. A freezeable liquid is utilized to fill each of 
the elements whereupon a plug 25 is preferably permanently sealed in the 
opening 24 to retain the liquid therein. While any suitable liquid may be 
employed, it has been found that a salt water solution is highly effective 
and may be prepared by mixing approximately 3 tablespoons of salt to each 
quart of water. 
When preparing the chest for use, the elements 14 through 19, after having 
been filled with the refrigerating liquid, are placed in a suitable 
refrigerator or freezer to freeze the liquid in the refrigerating 
elements. When the elements have reached the desired temperature, usually 
well below the freezing point of water and preferably below 0.degree. F., 
the refrigerating elements are then placed in the chest 10 as previously 
described and the cover 11 placed on top of the chest 10 to form a 
completed closed compartment with the refrigerating elements in place. 
Actual tests with the refrigerating chest as described above have indicated 
that it is possible to maintain such products as ice cream, flavored ices 
and the like in a frozen state for at least 24 hours without the need for 
further refrigeration prior to serving. By properly adjusting the 
temperatures of the elements 14 through 19 prior to insertion in the 
chest, the invention may be readily utilized for lowering the temperature 
of beverages and maintaining the beverages in a cooled condition for 
periods of up to 24 hours. It follows that any type of product can be 
readily maintained at a low temperature utilizing this invention and the 
chest 10 may be made with any suitable dimensions in order to comply with 
the needs of the user. 
A modified form of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this 
form of the invention, the chest, generally denoted by the numeral 30, has 
end walls 37 and 38, a bottom wall 39, side walls 35 and 36 and a cover 40 
and is provided with a freezing compartment 31 and a cooling compartment 
32. The compartments may be formed by a permanently installed separator 33 
which is arranged to engage slots 34 and the side walls 35 and 36. If 
desired, the partition 33 may also engage a slot 41 in the bottom wall 39 
as shown for instance in FIG. 6. The compartment 31 includes refrigerating 
elements 42 through 46 lining the side walls and the bottom. These 
refrigerating elements are identical to the elements 14 through 18 or may 
have edges which are square instead of being tapered. In the illustrated 
embodiment, the bottom element 46 has recessed portions 47 to receive the 
bottoms of elements 44 and 45 to lock them in position and clips 48 and 49 
bridge the end wall 37 and the refrigerating element 44 and the partition 
33 and the refrigerating element 45 to hold the upper portion of the 
refrigerating elements 44 and 45 in position. If desired, the heights of 
the refrigerating elements 42 through 45 may be decreased to permit the 
use of a top refrigerating element to close the compartment 31 
independently of the lid 40 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. It may also 
be desirable to eliminate the partition 33 and clip 49 and arrange the 
refrigerating element 45 to serve as the sole partition between the 
compartments 31 and 32. 
With the foregoing arrangement, the compartment 31 may be utilized to 
protect frozen foods while the compartment 32 could be utilized to hold 
food and other products that should be cooled but not frozen. 
The forms of the invention as described may be of any desired size and 
configuration and may be formed of any desired material. In certain 
applications, the chests 10 or 30, as the case may be, may include an 
outer protective layer and an inner protective layer. When using styrofoam 
or other similar material, the outer, and, if desired, the inner surfaces 
may be coated with a protective material to afford the desired mechanical 
strength. 
Still another form of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 7 through 10. 
This form of the invention includes a housing 50 formed of a suitable 
insulating material and adapted to hold a plurality of trays such as trays 
51 through 53 of similar size and configuration. This form of the 
invention is particularly useful for holding a plurality of individual 
servings of foods such as ice cream or the like and maintain such food in 
a frozen state until used. This arrangement is particularly advantageous 
for use in closed spaces such as aircraft and the like as it does not emit 
gases such as carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and there is no possibility of 
contamination of food products by water resulting from melting ice. 
The trays 51 through 53 in the illustrated embodiment of the invention are 
substantially identical and accordingly only the tray 51 has been 
illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 and will now be described. 
While the trays are essentially of rectangular configuration, as 
illustrated in FIG. 9, they of course may take any desired form. In the 
illustrated embodiment, the tray includes a bottom 54 in the form of a 
refrigerating element such as the elements discussed in connection with 
FIGS. 1 through 6. Each element is a hollow structure and contains a 
freezeable liquid such as salt water. Appropriate means are provided for 
filling the refrigerating element 54 as previously described. Opposing 
ends of the refrigerating element 54 are provided with handles 55 each 
having a finger opening 56 to enable the tray to be removed from the 
housing or chest 50. Each handle is secured to the refrigerating element 
54 by means of a hinge 57 so that the handle 56 can be folded inwardly on 
to the top of the refrigerating element 54 as shown more clearly in FIG. 
10. Plates 58 of plastic or other suitable material are affixed to the 
underside of the refrigerating element 54 and extend from the ends thereof 
to underlie the bottoms of the handles 56 when they are in the open 
position as shown in FIG. 9. The extending portion of each of the plates 
58 have a pair of openings 59 which are engaged by bosses 60 on the top of 
handles 55 of the underlying tray and thus function to maintain the 
handles of the underlying trays in a vertical position when they are 
stacked in a chest such as illustrated in FIG. 8. Refrigerating element 54 
further includes side and end walls 61 and 62 respectively which together 
with the handles 55 function to retain products stacked on the tray in 
position thereon. In the instant embodiment of the invention, the walls 61 
and 62 extend above the upper surface of the refrigerating element 54 a 
distance approximately equal to the thickness of the handles 55. In this 
way when the liquid within the refrigerating element 54 is to be frozen, 
the handles can be folded down against the upper surface of the 
refrigerating element so that a number of trays can be stacked in a 
freezing compartment to freeze the liquid preparatory to the storage of 
foods and other products in the chest 50. It will also be observed that 
with the handles mounted in the manner described in connection with FIGS. 
9 and 10, the handles function as end spacers to center the trays within 
the chest 50 and provide spaces on each side of the handles to permit the 
flow of air. In addition, the trays are made slightly narrower than the 
chest and spacers 63 are provided to center the trays sidewise and thus 
provide channels on each side of the trays to permit air flow. After the 
trays are inserted in the chest 50, a suitable cover or lid such as those 
shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 would be placed on top of the chest to 
completely close the compartment. 
As mentioned in connection with the previous embodiments of the invention, 
the chest 50 may be formed of any suitable material having good insulating 
characteristics and may be provided both on the outside as well as the 
inside with protective layers of metal or plastic or in the alternative, 
the insulating material can be treated to harden the inner and outer 
surfaces. 
A still further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 11 and 
provides for the utilization of refrigerating elements of panels within 
the freezing compartment of a conventional electromechanical refrigerator 
and even within the cooling compartment, if desired. With such an 
arrangement, should operation of the refrigerator be interrupted for any 
reason whatsoever, such as failure of the refrigerating apparatus or loss 
of power, the food within the refrigerator will be protected for an 
extended period of time. 
More specifically and with reference to FIG. 11, a conventional 
electromechanical refrigerator or the like is generally denoted by the 
numeral 70 and includes a freezing section 71 and a cooling section 72. 
The door 73 for the freezing section 71 is shown in fragmentary form and 
in the open position. In this embodiment of the invention, the freezing 
compartment is lined with refrigerating elements or panels 74 through 78 
and held in position by any suitable means. In the instant embodiment of 
the invention, the panels 74 through 77 have edges tapered at 45.degree. 
so that they will effectively interlock with associated panels so that all 
of the panels will be held in close position against the side walls of the 
freezing compartment. In as much as the panels are relatively thin, that 
is of the order of 3/4 to one inch in thickness, they will not materially 
reduce the size of the space available for the storage of foods or other 
products. If desired, a fifth refrigerating element or panel may be 
utilized as a separate door closing the freezing compartment in addition 
to the normal door 73. This additional refrigerating element can of course 
be carried by the door 73 so that upon opening the door 73, there will be 
immediate access to the freezing compartment. 
With this arrangement, the liquid within each of the elements 74 through 78 
will always be maintained in a frozen state and therefore should operation 
of the refrigerator be interrupted for any reason whatsoever, the items 
stored in the freezer will be maintained in the frozen state for an 
extended period of time. As pointed out above, similar arrangement can 
utilized within the cooling compartment of the refrigerator and thus 
protect products stored in the cooling compartment in substantially the 
same manner as in connection with the freezing compartment. 
When using the invention described above for maintaining foods in a heated 
condition, the elements or containers 14 through 19, 44 through 46 or 51 
as the case may be would be heated to temperatures as high as 180.degree. 
F. to 200.degree. F. and then placed in the associated chest to maintain 
products at a higher than ambient temperature for extended periods of 
time. 
While only certain embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and 
described, it is understood that alterations, changes and modifications 
may be made without departing from the true scope and spirit thereof.