Thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case

Systems and methods for cooling the contents within a portable case, such as a transit case, using a thermoelectric air conditioner. Thermoelectric air conditioners are used with, and mounted on or in, a transit case for maintaining a desired air temperature within the transit case. In one embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner can be incorporated, concealed within the housing and/or cover of the transit case. In this embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner is protected by the design of the case, the mounting arrangement, the shock-mounted frame, etc. Alternatively, the thermoelectric air conditioner is mounted partially internal and partially external to the transit case. In another embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner is mounted external to the transit case.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to thermoelectrically air conditioned cases. More specifically, the present invention relates to, thermoelectric air conditioners for use with, and mounted on or in, a transit case for maintaining a desired air temperature within the transit case to protect temperature sensitive equipment, such as electrical and electronic devices.

BACKGROUND

Transit cases exist to house and protect equipment during shipment from one location to another location and during temporary use of the equipment at remote locations. These transit cases are also sometimes referred to by other and different names, such as: Transit Case; Dry Case; Rotomold Case; Rotomolded Case; Rotationally Molded Case; Injection Molded Case; Utility Case; Transport Case; Transportation Case; Travel Case; Rack Case; Rackmount Case; Shock-Rack Case; Blow Molded Case; Vacuum Molded Case; Shipping Case; Storage Case; Military Case; Waterproof Case; Engineered Case; Computer Case; and ATA (Airline Travel) Case.

These cases are typically produced of the following materials: Rotomolded PE (polyethylene); Injection molded ABS; Fiberglass (FRP); Thermo Stamped Composite (TSC), which is glass-reinforced polypropylene; Aluminum; Steel; Stainless Steel, and other materials.

These cases are designed to house and protect equipment. The equipment can include items such as electronics, instrumentation, computers, telecommunications gear, and the like. Protection is provided during transit, storage and operation of the equipment. The cases are typically designed to protect the equipment contained within the case from one or more of the following elements (list is not all-inclusive): heat; dirt; dust; debris; vandalism; shock; vibration; dropping; moisture; rain; snow; sleet; hail; ice; cold; and the like.

Depending on the style and construction of the case, many cases can handle one or more of the above needs. But, most, if not all, have difficulty handling heating and cooling requirements of the internal equipment during transportation, storage, and operation. Since most cases are airtight (or substantially airtight), if electronics are contained within the case, there is often heat build-up. Also, if the case is outdoors, and especially if the case is outdoors and in direct sunlight, heat build-up can be excessive, causing damage or failure to the equipment within the case.

Conventional solutions to the above heat problem include fans, holes, openings, louvers, etc. in or on the case. These solutions to the heat problem, however, then cause the case to give up its ability to protect against other elements, such as dirt, dust, other contaminants, etc. In addition, these solutions can not drive the temperature within the case below ambient.

Another conventional solution is to install a heat exchanger in or on the case. But conventional heat exchangers can not drive the temperature within the case below ambient.

If the goal is to drive the temperature within the case below the ambient temperature, this can best be done utilizing an air conditioner. Most air conditioners are the traditional compressor-based type. Since traditional compressor-based air conditioners have a compressor, they are somewhat larger in size and heavier in weight than desired. In addition, traditional compressor-based type air conditioners must remain in one orientation (typically vertical). Also, compressor-based air conditioners include additional components, such as refrigerants and filters, and require regular maintenance. Further, most compressor-based coolers are AC-powered (120VAC or 240VAC), are not easily or readily portable, and have other disadvantages when considered for use with a transit case.

SUMMARY

The present invention is directed to systems and methods for maintaining a desired air temperature within a portable case, such as a transit case, using a thermoelectric heat exchanger.

According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, a thermoelectric air conditioner is mounted on or in a transit case for cooling the contents (typically sensitive equipment or systems) within the transit case.

According to another aspect of the invention, a light-weight and compact thermoelectric air conditioner is used. A thermoelectric solid state air conditioner provides advantages over conventional compressor-type air conditioners in that a thermoelectric air conditioner has no compressor, refrigerants or filters and provides reliable, virtually maintenance-free cooling in both indoor and outdoor applications.

According to another aspect of the invention, the thermoelectric air conditioner is incorporated into the case, concealed within the housing and/or cover of the transit case. In this embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner is protected by the design of the case, the mounting arrangement, the shock-mounted frame, etc.

According to another aspect of the invention, the thermoelectric air conditioner is mounted partially internal and partially external to the transit case.

According to another aspect of the invention, the thermoelectric air conditioner is mounted to the top and/or side of the transit case.

According to another aspect of the invention, more than one thermoelectric air conditioner are installed in or on the case.

According to another aspect of the invention, insulation is installed within the transit case. Insulation reduces thermal heat transfer between the interior and the exterior of the case. The addition of insulation can also reduce solar loading on the case and heat penetration into the case, providing for greater reduction of internal temperatures.

According to another aspect of the invention, an adapter plate can be used to “close the gap” between the edges of the thermoelectric air conditioner mounting flange and the internal sides of the transit case. The adapter plate preferably includes a seal or gasket that forms a boundary between the thermoelectric air conditioner and the case. This further enhances the ability of the transit case to maintain, as close as possible, an airtight status and seal out moisture, dirt, sand, etc. thus substantially preventing these contaminants from entering the interior of the case.

According to another aspect of the invention, an extender piece or extension frame can be used to flush mount the thermoelectric air conditioner to the case when, for example, the entire internal cavity of the case is needed to house the equipment.

According to another aspect of the invention, the thermoelectric air conditioner is removably mounted on the case such that it can be mounted on the case during operation or stowed away in the case during transit.

According to another aspect of the invention, the thermoelectric air conditioner is housed within a secondary case and the equipment is housed within a primary case. During operation, the covers of the primary and secondary cases are removed such that the primary and secondary cases can be connected and can be in thermal communication. During transit, the primary and secondary cases can be disconnected and the covers can be replaced such that the equipment and thermoelectric air conditioners are protected. In one embodiment, the primary case and the secondary case are mounted end to end, and in another embodiment the primary case and the secondary case are mounted one on top of the other.

According to another aspect of the invention, a rack mounted frame can be installed in the cavity of the case. In this embodiment, the equipment and thermoelectric air conditioners can be mounted on the rack mount frame to balance the load on the frame and make it easier to handle the case. In addition, the rack mount frame can be supported by elastomer shock mounts attached to the walls of the case to protect the equipment mounted in the case and help absorb shock, vibration, noise, etc.

According to another aspect of the invention, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case is designed for easy handling. In one embodiment, the case is fitted with wheels so that the case may be easily moved around. In another embodiment, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case is fitted with handles that are located in grooves or recesses in the housing and are positioned within the groove or recess when not in use and are accessible or capable of moving out of the groove or recess when in use. In another embodiment, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit cases may be stacked end-to-end and/or one on top of another. In this embodiment, the housing of the case may include a shoulder and slot design wherein the shoulder of one case would be received within a corresponding slot of an adjoining case.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is directed to systems and methods for maintaining a desired temperature within a portable case2, such as a transit case, using a thermoelectric heat exchanger7. In a preferred embodiment, one or more thermoelectric air conditioners7is mounted on or in a transit case2for cooling the contents (typically sensitive equipment and/or systems) within the transit case2. A properly sized thermoelectric air conditioner7is capable of reducing the temperature inside the case2below the ambient temperature outside the case2, thus providing a temperature inside the case2that is within the customer's goals and ensuring safe storage and/or operation of equipment.

At the same time, a thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1preferably maintains most, if not all, of the benefits of using a transit case2(i.e., light-weight, mobile, stackable, durable, protective, etc.) to transport equipment from one location to another location. Also, a thermoelectric air conditioner7, as a solid-state device to control temperature, provides other benefits, including: highly reliable; virtually maintenance-free; no air exchange between outside and inside; suitable for use in operating environment up to about 140° F.; indoor or outdoor use; vertical or horizontal installation; compact; light-weight; wide capacity range (e.g., about 200-2500 BTU range); cooling and/or heating models; no filters to change or clean; no compressor; no condenser; no refrigerants; no chemicals; no copper tubing; no moving components (other than fans); ideal for cooling electronics; no performance loss when input voltage drops or there are “brown-outs”; units are manufactured to UL standards; thermoelectric coolers can be conveniently powered from AC and/or DC power sources; and the like.

The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1includes several exemplary embodiments.FIGS. 1-6show exemplary internal embodiments of thermoelectrically air conditioned transit cases1having the thermoelectric air conditioner7located internally within the transit case2. In the exemplary internal embodiments shown inFIGS. 1-6, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is preferably mounted completely within an outer boundary (walls, covers, lids, etc.) of the case2and is completely protected by the transit case2.

In exemplary external embodiments shown inFIGS. 7-10, a thermoelectric air conditioner7is located externally on the transit case2.FIG. 7Ashows an externally mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7wherein the thermoelectric air conditioner7is through-mounted on the transit case2. In the through-mounted embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner is located partially internal and partially external to the transit case2(i.e., partially inside and partially outside the outer boundary of the transit case).

In the exemplary external embodiment shown inFIG. 7B, the externally mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7is flush-mounted outside the outer boundary (walls, covers, lids, etc.) and does not penetrate into the interior cavity14of the case2. An extension frame37is used to flush-mount the thermoelectric air conditioner7to the case2and the extension frame37extends between the mounting flange73of the thermoelectric air conditioner's mounting frame72and the exterior surface of the case2around the periphery of the opening15in the case2. This embodiment can be used where there is little or no room unoccupied by the equipment5within the internal cavity14. The cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7is in thermal communication with the internal cavity14of the transit case2through an opening and/or passageway15in the wall10of the case2. The external, flush-mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7can be protected by a separate lid or cover25(see, for example,FIG. 11).

FIG. 8shows another embodiment of a transit case2having end covers20and the thermoelectric air conditioner7is externally mounted to the top of the case2. This embodiment may include a through-mounted and/or a flush-mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7and allows for easy access to the internal cavity14and the equipment5stored therein from one or either end of the case2. Preferably, the external, top mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7is removable or protected by a separate lid or cover25during transit.

The embodiment ofFIGS. 9A and 9Bshow an externally mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7that is removably-mounted to the case2. As shown, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be removably-mounted directly to the case2, to a cover or lid20of the case2. Alternatively, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be removably-mounted to a separate, secondary cover or lid24(seeFIG. 10C). As shown inFIG. 9A, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is installed in or on the transit case2to control the temperature of the internal cavity14of the case2during operation. During transit, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be removed and stored within the transit case2, as shown inFIG. 9B.

In another embodiment shown inFIGS. 10A-10D, the removable thermoelectric air conditioner7can be pre-mounted to a separate, secondary cover/lid24that can be stored in a separate, secondary case2bduring transit, and placed on the primary case2ato be cooled after transit.FIG. 10Ashows the primary case2a(i.e., the case housing the equipment5to be cooled) ready for transit.FIG. 10Bshows the secondary case2b(i.e., the case housing the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounted to a secondary cover24) ready for transit.FIG. 10Cshows the secondary case2bwith its cover20bopen and the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounted to secondary cover24being removed. Although not shown, it is also contemplated that a complete case2a(including the entire housing3a, cover20a, and mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7) could be stowed within another, larger case2bfor transit.FIG. 10Dshows the primary case2aon-site, its transit cover20aremoved and the combination thermoelectric air conditioner7and secondary cover24installed/mounted to the lower portion of the primary case2a. The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can now be placed in operation. The pre-mounting of the thermoelectric air conditioner7to a secondary cover24that is the same as the cover20aused during transit of the primary case2aallows for easy change-over from the transit mode to the operational mode because the secondary cover24preferably has the same dimensions, mating surface46, and closure system95as the cover20aused during transit.

The externally mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7embodiments may also include a separate cover/lid25to cover the exposed portion of the thermoelectric air conditioner7. For example, in the exemplary through-mounted embodiment shown inFIG. 11, the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7extends through an opening15in the case wall10and hence is located and protected within the outer boundary of the transit case2. The hot side77of the thermoelectric air conditioner7is outside the outer boundary. The hot side77of the thermoelectric air conditioner7in this embodiment may be protected by a separate, secondary cover/lid25. A secondary cover/lid25may also be used with an external, flush-mounted embodiment.

The embodiment ofFIGS. 12A and 12Bincludes a thermoelectric air conditioner7mounted to a transit case2ausing an extender piece37(i.e., an adapter/spacer/extension section). This transit case extender piece37is designed to attach to the primary transit case2ain place of one of the primary transit case2acovers/lids20aand provide temperature control within the internal cavity14aof the primary case2a, in which the equipment5is housed.

FIG. 12Ashows a thermoelectric air conditioner7mounted in a transit case extender piece37that is mounted vertically to the end of the primary transit case2. Preferably, a sealing gasket81is disposed between the mounting flange73of the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the mounting flange38of the extender piece37. Preferably, the existing closure system95(as shown latches96) of the primary case2aare used to engage corresponding closure mechanism95on the extender piece37to hold the extender piece37to the primary case2a.

As shown inFIG. 12B, separate covers25may be attached to the ends of the transit case extender piece37to protect the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transport or storage. Alternatively, the transit case extender37can be left attached to the primary case2awith a cover25added to protect the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transport and storage.

Alternatively, the thermoelectric air conditioner7and extender piece37can be mounted horizontally to the top of the primary transit case2a(similar to the embodiment shown inFIGS. 13A and 13B). A separate cover25may then be attached to the top of the transit case extender piece37to protect the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transport or storage.

In another embodiment shown inFIG. 13A, the thermoelectric air conditioner7may be located in a separate, secondary case2bduring transit that can be connected to the case2ahousing the equipment5to be protected during operation. Preferably, a sealing gasket81is disposed between the mounting flange73of the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the mounting flange68of the secondary case2b. Preferably, the existing closure system95(as shown latches96) of the primary case2aare used to engage a corresponding closure mechanism95on the secondary case2bto hold the secondary case2bto the primary case2a.

The secondary case2bhousing the thermoelectric air conditioner7may be connected—one on top of the other (as shown inFIG. 13A) or end-to-end (similar to the extender piece embodiment shown in FIG.12A)—to the primary case2ahousing the equipment5and then placed in-service to control the temperature of the internal cavity14aof the primary case2ato protect the equipment5housed therein. In use, the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7in the secondary case2bis in thermal communication with the internal cavity14aof the primary case2a. As shown inFIG. 13B, removable covers25may be attached to the corresponding mating ends of the primary2aand secondary transit cases2bto protect the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transport or storage.

In addition, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be mounted in either a vertical or horizontal orientation. For example, in the illustrated embodiments ofFIGS. 1-4,12A, and12B, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is mounted vertically proximate an opening15at one end/side of the case2. In the embodiments ofFIGS. 5-11,13A, and13B, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is mounted horizontally proximate an opening15in the top of the case2.

It is also contemplated that more than one thermoelectric air conditioner7can be mounted in or on a transit case2. For example, for a transit case2having front and rear covers20, such asFIGS. 1-4and21A-21F, one thermoelectric air conditioner7could be mounted in or on the front opening15and a second thermoelectric air conditioner7could be mounted in or on the rear opening15. Further, one thermoelectric air conditioner7could be top mounted while a second-thermoelectric air conditioner7could be end mounted.

The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1houses and protects sensitive equipment5contained within the case2during transit (i.e., shipment from one location to another location) and during use of the equipment5at remote locations. The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1includes a durable case2or housing coupled with a thermoelectric air conditioner7and is designed to protect sensitive equipment5stored therein from environmental conditions, including for example extreme temperature. Preferably, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1is also constructed to be contaminant-tight (e.g., airtight, watertight, and dustproof) and to protect the equipment5from other environmental conditions including impact, shock, vibration, vandalism, and contaminants—such as air, water, moisture, humidity, dirt, dust, debris, chemicals, etc. The thermoelectric air conditioner7is capable of driving the temperature inside the transit case to a temperature below ambient.

The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1is designed to protect sensitive equipment and/or systems from the rigors of: commercial and industrial use; air, land, and sea shipment; temporary storage; worldwide military deployment; movements between remote locations; use at remote locations; and the like. Preferably the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1also enhances handling and the overall portability of the application, as explained more fully below.

Transit cases are known by various names. As used herein, the term transit case includes portable cases used to house, store, ship, transport, and protect equipment and/or systems in transits from one location to another location or as the equipment/system is used at a remote location. The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1is designed and constructed to protect temperature sensitive equipment and/or systems. Temperature sensitive equipment and/or systems include, for example, electrical, electronics, computer, server, weapons, mobile command and control, deployed air traffic control, surveillance, global positioning, instrumentation, communication, and the like.

Transit cases are manufactured by various manufacturers and come in a variety of styles, sizes, and shapes. In addition, the thermoelectric air conditioner7also comes in a variety of capacities to handle different loads and sizes of transit cases. The present invention contemplates the refabrication/retrofitting of existing transit cases2to include a thermoelectric air conditioner7, as well as implementation and installation of the thermoelectric air conditioner7during, or as part of, the original manufacturing of the transit case2.

The case2of the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can be manufactured as a standard case having standard dimensions and/or as a custom case that is manufactured to specific customer needs. For example, the case2can be manufactured to fit a particular payload and/or suite of equipment for a particular application, such as commercial, government, military, Homeland Security, etc.

Further, many military and defense customers require that cases meet certain design, environmental, and/or performance standards, such as MIL-STD-810 (shock, transit drop, vibration, water-tight, etc.); MIL-STD-1472 (lift limitations, seeFIG. 14); MIL C-4150J; ATA (Air Transportation Association); loose cargo bounce; high/low temperature range; relative humidity; altitude, ultraviolet (UV) radiation; fungus; static loading; and the like. Preferably the design and construction of the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1take these design parameters and limitations into consideration.

Preferably, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1is contaminant-tight (e.g., water-tight, air-tight, dust proof, etc.) when the cover20(and/or cover25) is closed. Also, the interface between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the transit case2is preferably contaminant-tight when the cover20of the transit case2is open. In addition, the interface between the hot side77and the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7is also preferably contaminant-tight.

The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1preferably includes a case closure system to close and seal any openings in the case2. For example, the case2closure system can include one or more covers and/or lids20,25. Covers/lids20,25are used to close openings15in the case2used to, for example, allow access to the internal cavity14of the case2to load or access equipment5. The covers/lids20,25may be removably or pivotally mounted to the case2. In embodiments having covers/lids20,25pivotally mounted to the case, the covers/lids20,25may be attached using one or more hinges27.

In addition, the closure system preferably includes a closure mechanism95, such as one or more latches96. Case closures95are preferably heavy-duty, secure, strong, and easy to operate. Types of suitable case closures95include twist latches, “press and pull” latches, etc. In an exemplary embodiment, the latch96imposes an impact compressive force to seal cover/lid20,25to the enclosure opening15when the latch96is closed. Preferably the latches96are located in a cavity or recess97formed in the body of the case2so the latches96are not in the way during handling or shipping of the case2.

Further, the case closure system can include a sealing system between the cover/lid20,25and the case opening15. For example, the sealing system can include a tongue84and groove85located around the perimeter of an opening15to seal the cover/lid20,25over the opening15when the case2closure is activated. The tongue84and corresponding groove85are preferably located having one structure on the case2and the corresponding structure on the cover/lid20,25. In addition, a gasket81may be used to seal the connection of the cover/lid20, to the case opening15.

Moreover, the case closure system can include a lock (not shown) for securing the cover/lid20,25over the opening15in the case2. The lock98may include any conventional locking mechanism and may be incorporated into the case2body or be a separate lock98that is independent from the case. The lock98helps deter tampering, theft, vandalism etc.

The portable thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1preferably includes a case handling system. In one embodiment, the case handling system includes one or more handles91. Exemplary handles91include molded-in and/or hinged designs and the handles91may be sized and padded for comfort and ease of handling.

In another embodiment, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can include wheels or casters100to further assist in the portability of the case. The case can also include a cargo handling system, such as slots101formed in the bottom of the case to accommodate the forks of a fork-lift machine, eye-bolts (not shown) on top of the case to accommodate a crane, and the like.

The case closure system and handling system are preferably located at convenient locations on the housing and do not interfere with the operation, storage, or movement of the transit case. For example, preferably the latches96, handles91, etc. are located in grooves92or recesses97in the housing2and are positioned within the groove92or recess97when not in use and are accessible or capable of moving out of the groove92or recess97when in use. For example, the handles91can include swing-out handles.

In certain embodiments it may be desirable to store multiple thermoelectrically air conditioned transit cases1together either end to end or one on top of another. For those embodiments it is preferred that the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit cases1are stackable. The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit cases1may be stacked end-to-end and/or one on top of another. As shown inFIG. 10A, the housing or body3aof the case2amay include a shoulder103and slot104design wherein the shoulder103of one case would be received within a corresponding slot104of an adjoining case2a. In addition, an interlock system (not shown) can be used wherein adjoining cases2acould be locked together during, for example, transit, storage, and/or use. The interlocking system can include latches, ties, tie-downs, straps, belts, bands, and the like.

The thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can also include a mounting system for mounting the thermoelectric air conditioner7within the case. In one preferred embodiment, the mounting system includes a rack-mount frame40.

A rack-mount frame40is a supporting frame disposed within the housing3and spaced from the walls10and having an opening42on at least one side facing an opening15in the transit case2housing3for receiving the thermoelectric air conditioner7. As shown inFIG. 4, the thermoelectric air conditioner7includes a portion (i.e., the “cold side”76) that can fit an opening42formed between the vertical rack rails45of the mounting frame40and the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be connected to the mounting frame40of the rack rails45. As shown inFIG. 21C, the rack-mount frame40may also be used to hold other equipment, including the equipment5designed to be protected and cooled by the thermoelectric air conditioner7.

In the rack-mount40thermoelectric air conditioner7embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is mounted directly to the rack-mount frame40within the internal cavity14of the transit case2. The rack-mount frame40preferably includes standard mounting holes41and fasteners43for holding the thermoelectric air conditioner7and/or the equipment5in the rack40. For example, the rack-mount frame40can be designed in accordance with EIA-RETMA standards for portable electronics and include standard front mounting holes41and locking clip-nut fasteners43for holding the equipment5in the rack40.

The rack-mount frame40can include standard and custom rack-mounts. Standard rack-mounts include 19-inch, 23-inch, and 24-inch rack-mounts. Also, other standard sizes, as well as, custom rack-mount cases having varying dimensions can be used. In other embodiments, the rack-mount frame40can include multiple, different size racks, custom racks, and/or adjustable mounting frames.

In addition, a separate, adapter plate82can be used to fill-in or close the gap between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the internal sides of the transit case2. The adapter plate82preferably includes a seal and/or gasket81that forms a boundary between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the case2. This further enhances the ability of the transit case2to maintain, as close as possible, an airtight status and seal contaminants from the interior14of the case2. Further, the adapter plate82is preferably insulated to improve thermal efficiency.

The adapter plate82can extend around one or more sides of the thermoelectric air conditioner7. As shown inFIG. 4, the adapter plate82extends across and closes the gap between the top of the thermoelectric air conditioner7and an interior surface of the top of the case2. In a preferred embodiment, the adapter plate82is a solid piece to facilitate maintaining a contaminant-tight seal. Alternatively, the adapter plate82can include one or more sealed exit ports83, such as, for example, sealed cable exits, sealed control exits, and/or a sealed power receptacle. The adapter plate82can also include one or more controls105for controlling and monitoring an operation of the thermoelectric device. For example, a thermostat dial105can be provide on the adapter plate82for setting an output temperature of the thermoelectric device.

Further, in certain embodiments where the thermoelectric air conditioner7is installed on one end of the internal rack-mount frame40, a weight distribution problem might result. For example, consider an arrangement of mounting a thermoelectric air conditioner7in a transit case having a weight load of perhaps 60 lbs. on one end of the frame. If the end user were to install a minimal amount of electronics (i.e., 5 lbs.) on the other end of the rack40, this could result in an unbalanced load and the ruggedness and protection level of the case2could be compromised in such a scenario. However, the present invention solves this problem by providing for the installation of internal elastomer shocks93with different load ratings and/or additional shocks, thus balancing the load on the frame and taking into consideration the CG (center of gravity) of the load.

In other embodiments where impact sensitive equipment is stored within the case2, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can include a shock, vibration, and/or noise mitigating system. In these impact sensitive embodiments, the case is preferably shock, vibration, and/or noise absorbing (“shock absorbing”). For example, elastomer shock mounts93can be used between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the case2to isolate the thermoelectric air conditioner7and absorb any shock or vibration. In a rack-mount40embodiment, shock mounts93can be located inside the case2, for example, between the frame of the rack-mount frame40and the housing3of the case2. This design provides protection to the thermoelectric air conditioner7and equipment5mounted to the frame of the rack-mount40housed within the case2. Also, if the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1is made from a plastic material, the plastic material itself can be shock absorbing and the case absorbs some of the shock.

In addition, a cushioning system can be provided to further hold and protect the thermoelectric air conditioner and equipment5located within the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1. For example, a customizable foam interior (not shown) can be used with the shape and amount of foam determined by the shape and the characteristics of the equipment5being protected. The cushioning system can be manufactured into the case or can be insertable. The cushioning system decelerates the equipment5in a controlled manner if the case is dropped or otherwise subjected to shock or vibration.

As shown inFIGS. 5,7A,7B,10B, and10C, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1preferably includes a pressure relief valve86that equalizes the pressure inside and outside the case2. In a more preferred embodiment, the pressure relief valve86is an automatic pressure relief valve that automatically equalizes the pressure. The pressure relief valve86provides a watertight and airtight seal during transit, such as air travel where the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1experiences varying elevations, and thus pressures.

FIGS. 15-18show an exemplary thermoelectric heat exchanger. The thermoelectric heat exchanger in this case, a thermoelectric air conditioner7for cooling the inside or internal cavity14of the case2, includes one or more thermocouples and at least one heat sink126,128. The thermocouples are made from semiconductors and the semiconductor is heavily doped to create an excess (n-type) and a deficiency (p-type) of electrons. The junction between the n-type and the p-type is a semiconductor thermocouple. At the cold side76, energy (heat) is absorbed by electrons as they pass from a low energy level in the p-type semiconductor element, to a higher energy level in the n-type semiconductor element. The power supply provides the energy to move the electrons through the system. At the hot side77, energy is expelled to a heat sink128as electrons move from a high energy level element (n-type) to a lower energy level element (p-type). Heat absorbed at the cold side76is pumped to the hot side77at a rate proportional to current passing through the circuit and the number of couples.

These thermocouples, which can be connected in series electrically and in parallel thermally, are integrated into the thermoelectric air conditioner7. The thermoelectric modules141are packaged between metallized ceramic plates. Thermoelectric modules141can be mounted in parallel to increase the heat transfer effect or can be stacked in multistage cascades to achieve high differential temperatures. Solid state cooling is relatively simple compared to some of the classical techniques, such as using a compressor, because there are no moving parts (other than fans).

These thermoelectric devices have the capability to be either heating systems or cooling systems depending on the direction of the current. In addition, the thermoelectric devices can include embedded resistive heaters within the cold side in order to effect heating within the internal cavity14. The following description focuses on a thermoelectric heat exchanger that is used for cooling, i.e., a thermoelectric air conditioner7. In the cooling embodiment shown and described, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is designed to exhaust heat from inside the transit case2to outside the transit case2to protect thermally sensitive equipment5in the transit case2.

Unlike a conventional air conditioner, the thermoelectric air conditioner7used to cool equipment5within the transit case2is a solid state device and has no compressor, refrigerants or filters, and provides reliable, maintenance-free cooling of the interior (i.e., internal cavity) of the transit case2.

Preferably the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1is designed and constructed to increase contaminant resistance (i.e., minimizing the transfer of contaminants from the hot side—or outside of the transit case2—to the cold side—or inside of the transit case2) and to improve thermal efficiency (i.e., minimize the transfer of thermal energy from the hot side—or outside—to the cold side—or inside—by increasing thermal isolation between the hot side and the cold side).

For example, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is preferably sealed to be contaminant-resistant and to minimize heat transfer between the hot side77and the cold side76. Also, the connection between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the transit case2is also preferably designed to be contaminant-resistant and to improve thermal efficiency. In addition, that transit case housing3and cover(s)20,25are preferably designed to be contaminant-resistant and thermally efficient.

Contaminant-resistant means zero or substantially zero contaminants will pass between the hot side77and the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7and/or from the outside to the inside of the transit case2. By making the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1contaminant-resistant, the long term reliability and performance of the equipment5stored in the transit case2may be improved by minimizing any damage from outside contaminants.

Thermal efficiency means reducing/minimizing thermal heat transfer from the hot side77to the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7and/or from outside the transit case2to inside the transit case2. Thermal efficiency can be increased by, for example, using a reflective material on the outside of the case2, using a UV resistant material for the case2, using an insulating material around the inside of the case2, using an insulating material at the connection between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the case2, and the like. Thermal efficiency can also be increased by designing the system with heat producing electrical components being mounted on a power pack heat sink127, which exhausts heat to the hot side77of the thermoelectric air conditioner7. Therefore, the heat generated from the heat producing components is dissipated directly to the hot side77of the thermoelectric air conditioner7.

FIGS. 15-18show various features of an exemplary thermoelectric air conditioner7. As shown, inFIG. 15, the thermoelectric air conditioner7includes a housing having a cold side cover110that covers the components on a cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7, a hot side cover111that covers the components on a hot side77of the thermoelectric air conditioner7, and a mounting frame72positioned between cold side cover110and hot side cover111.

As shown, mounting frame72includes a mounting flange73formed over the outer periphery of at least two sides of mounting frame72and that extend outside of the housing. A plurality of through holes74are formed in mounting flange73for mounting the thermoelectric air conditioner7directly to the transit case2or to a mounting frame40within the transit case2. In the embodiment shown, the mounting frame72also includes a plurality of through holes113, corresponding to through holes118,135in the cold side cover110and the hot side cover111for mounting both cold side cover110and hot side cover111to mounting frame72.

Cold side cover110includes a substantially planar body114having side walls115that define a cold side cavity116. Opening117allows air to access the cold side cavity116.

As shown, a cold side fan123is mounted to cold side cover110proximate to fan opening122. Cold side fan123forces air through the fan opening122, across the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7, and out of the opening117.

In a typical mounting to a transit case2, cold side cover110extends into or is in thermal communication with the internal space14of the transit case2and hot side cover111extends outside of or is in thermal communication with the outside of the transit case2.

As shown inFIG. 15, the thermoelectric air conditioner7includes one or more controls, including a thermostat control knob119to allow an operator to adjust the temperature set-point of the thermoelectric air conditioner7, a circuit breaker120to trip the device on, for example, an over-current condition, a power cord121for supply power to the device, and the like.

FIG. 16is a cross sectional view of an exemplary thermoelectric air conditioner7showing a barrier112between the cold side76and the hot side77. Power pack heat sink127includes a base portion163having with a plurality of fins164extending from one side of the base portion163. Power pack heat sink127is mounted, proximate to power pack cutout125, on the hot side77of mounting frame72, with the base portion163proximate to the mounting frame72. Gasket165is attached to the cold side76of the mounting frame72proximate to the power pack cutout125. Preferably, power pack cover158is secured to gasket165with cover seal167proximate to the gasket165. Electrical components159,160,161, and162(159and161not shown) are mounted to the base portion163of the power pack heat sink127and protrude through power pack cutout125in mounting frame72into a cavity166. Mounting frame72, gasket165, and power pack cover158define a non-planar barrier112between a cold side76and a hot side77.

FIG. 17shows the interior of the housing ofFIG. 15. As shown inFIG. 17, the housing includes mounting frame72, cold side cover110, and hot side cover111. In the embodiment shown, the mounting frame72includes two heat sink cutouts124and one power pack cutout125. Mounting frame72is located between the cold side76and the hot side77. The cold side76includes cold side heat sinks126. Cold side heat sinks126are attached on the cold side76of mounting frame72. The hot side77includes power pack heat sink127and at least one hot side heat sinks128. Hot side heat sinks128are attached on the hot side of mounting frame72. Power pack heat sink127is attached on the hot side of mounting frame72.

Power supply assembly129may include power pack heat sink127, and a plurality of electrical components including, for example, a DC to DC active power supply159, one or more filter capacitors160, a bridge rectifier161, and a noise suppression filter162, and associated circuitry (not shown).

Hot side cover111includes a substantially planar body130having side walls131that define a hot side cavity132. Opening133allows air to access the hot side cavity132. Hot side cover111includes mounting brackets134that extend outward from side walls131. The mounting brackets134includes a plurality of through holes135for receiving fasteners (not shown) for mounting the hot side cover111to the mounting frame72. Mounting frame72includes through holes113corresponding to through holes135of hot side cover111. Fasteners (not shown) pass through holes113and through holes135to secure hot side cover111to mounting frame72.

The hot side includes one or more hot side fans137mounted proximate fan openings136in hot side cover111. The hot side fans137draw air across the power pack heat sink127to remove heat and also force air through the fan openings136, across the hot side77of the thermoelectric air conditioner7, and out of the opening133. Hot side heat sinks128, (which are shown inFIG. 18) are mounted to the hot side77of mounting frame72. Hot side fans137also draw air across hot side heat sinks128to expel heat to the outside of the thermoelectric air conditioner7.

A wire feed opening140is located in mounting frame72and provides access for running wires (not shown) between the hot side77and cold side76. Wires are disposed through the wire feed opening140and sealed completely by a liquid tight compression fitting139disposed in wire feed opening140. The liquid tight compression fitting139may increase thermal efficiency by preventing moisture and heat from reaching the cold side76. The liquid tight compression fitting139may also increase the life of the thermoelectric air conditioner7by preventing moisture from reaching electrical components159,160,161and162, thereby, increasing the life of the electrical components. As shown inFIG. 17, the electrical components include a DC to DC active power supply159, filter capacitors160, a bridge rectifier161, and a noise suppression filter162, and associated circuitry (not shown). Sealant138may be disposed in wire feed opening140to further seal the wire feed opening140.

FIG. 18is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary thermoelectric air conditioner7. As shown inFIG. 18, thermoelectric air conditioner7includes at least one thermoelectric module141, at least one hot side heat sink128, and at least one cold side heat sink126. Mounting frame72includes at least one heat sink cutout124. Heat sink cutout124allows the thermoelectric modules81to contact both the hot side heat sink128and the cold side heat sink126. The contact between hot side heat sink128and cold side heat sink126provides for heat transfer between the cold side76and the hot side77allowing the internal cavity of the transit case to be cooled.

As shown, hot side heat sink128includes a base portion142and a plurality of fins143extending in a substantially orthogonal direction from the base portion142. The plurality of fins143provides more surface area for better heat transfer.

Hot side heat sink128is preferably attached to the hot side77of mounting frame72, proximate to heat sink cutout124through blind holes144and fasteners146. The blind holes144provide for attachment to the mounting frame72without providing a path for air and moisture. This provides a moisture resistant barrier between the hot side77and the cold side76, increasing thermal isolation and minimizing the risk of moisture reaching the thermoelectric modules81or electrical components159,160,161and162(not shown). The use of blind holes144also maximizes thermal isolation creating a moisture resistant barrier between the hot side77and the cold side76.

In a preferred embodiment, a sealant is placed around the perimeter of the base, between the hot side heat sink128and the mounting frame72to further seal any gaps, providing moisture resistance and thermal isolation. This moisture resistance feature functions to increase the long-term reliability of the thermoelectric air conditioner7.

Preferably, hot side heat sink128also includes a plurality of blind holes145located along a centerline147of the base82, opposite the plurality of fins143. Blind holes145are provided to attach the cold side heat sink126to the thermoelectric air conditioner7using fasteners146. The blind holes144provide for attachment to the mounting frame72without providing a path for air and moisture. This minimizes the risk of moisture passing between the hot side77and the cold side76, increasing thermal isolation and minimizing the risk of moisture reaching the thermoelectric modules141or electrical components159,160,161and162(not shown). The use of blind holes144also maximizes thermal isolation by not allowing air or moisture to flow between the hot side77and the cold side76.

The thermoelectric air conditioner may also include a sealing frame151adapted to allow one or more thermoelectric modules81to be disposed therein and to contact the hot side heat sink128and the cold side heat sink126. As shown, sealing frame151is attached to the cold side76of the mounting frame72, proximate to heat sink cutout124, with fasteners (not shown) secured into the blind holes144of the hot side heat sink128. The sealing frame151provides the ability to seal against the mounting frame72, to secure insulation153in place, and to seal between the sealing frame151and the cold side heat sinks126. A sealant138is preferably placed between the sealing frame151and the mounting frame72and between the sealing frame151and the cold side heat sink126.

Thermoelectric modules81have a relatively flat and planar body and, as shown inFIG. 18, have a substantially rectangular shape. At least two wires154are attached to the thermoelectric modules81. Wires154provide a means for applying power to the thermoelectric modules81. At least one thermoelectric modules81are affixed to each hot side heat sink128, substantially coplanar with the mounting frame72. Preferably, the thermoelectric modules81are substantially centered within each quadrant of sealing frame151.

Conductive material155is disposed on both the hot side77and the cold side76of the thermoelectric modules81to promote good thermal coupling. Preferably, the conductive material155is a thermal grease.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more thermally conductive spacer blocks156are placed on the cold side76of thermoelectric modules81. Conductive material155is disposed between the thermoelectric modules81and the thermally conductive spacer blocks156to increase thermal conductivity. Thermally conductive spacer blocks156increase the separation distance between the hot side heat sink128and the cold side heat sink126, reducing thermal losses which may occur from any thermal short circuiting between the hot side heat sink128and the cold side heat sink126.

Cold side heat sink126includes a substantially rectangular base portion148and a plurality of fins149extending in a substantially orthogonal direction from the base portion148. The plurality of fins149provide more surface area for better heat transfer.

As shown, cold side heat sink126is mounted with base portion148proximate to on the thermally conductive spacer blocks156on the cold side76of mounting frame72and with base portion148proximate the sealing frame151. Cold side heat sinks126contact the thermally conductive spacer blocks156. Preferably, conductive material155is applied between the thermally conductive spacer blocks156and the cold side heat sink126to promote thermal transfer. Preferably, cold side sink126also includes a plurality of through holes150corresponding to blind holes145in hot side heat sink128. Through holes150are provided to attach the cold side heat sink126to the blind holes145of hot side heat sink128using fasteners146. Preferably, the fasteners146include sealing washers. This minimizes the risk of moisture passing between the hot side77and the cold side76, increasing thermal isolation and minimizing the risk of moisture reaching the thermoelectric modules81or electrical components159,160,161and162(not shown).

As shown, insulation153—having thermally insulating properties—is disposed between the sealing frame151and the cold side heat sink126to secure the thermally conductive spacer blocks156and to provide increased thermal isolation between the hot side heat sink128and cold side heat sink126. Thermoelectric module wires154run from the thermoelectric modules81, are secured with wiring constraints157and run through wire holes152located in sealing frame151. Wire holes152are completely sealed with sealant138to increase thermal efficiency and to prevent moisture from reaching the thermoelectric modules81.

The sealant138at various locations in the thermoelectric air conditioner helps form a moisture resistant barrier that resists the introduction of moisture during operation of the thermoelectric air conditioner7. For example, humid moisture-laden air is drawn through the cold side heat sink126. Once cooled, the air which may have humidity levels approaching 100% can no longer contain as much moisture as it cools, and the air borne moisture then condenses onto the various cooling system components. Unless moisture is prevented from entering the thermoelectric air conditioner7by thoroughly sealing the thermoelectric modules81this moisture may ultimately saturate various locations causing damage to the thermoelectric modules81by, for example, chemical degradation, electrolysis, or the like. These sealing features also minimize moisture flow between the hot side77and the cold side76, which improves thermoelectric air conditioner7efficiency.

Additional details regarding the thermoelectric air conditioners can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,345,507, entitled COMPACT THERMOELECTRIC COOLING SYSTEM, issued on Feb. 12, 2002 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,499,306, COMPACT THERMOELECTRIC COOLING SYSTEM, issued on Dec. 31, 2002, the disclosures of all of which are herein incorporated by reference.

In addition, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1may include a sealing system, such as a gasket81, for sealing the connection between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the transit case2. Where the thermoelectric air conditioner7is mounted to an opening15in the transit case2, the gasket81can be disposed between the mounting flange73and the transit case2opening15and can be adapted to the size of the opening15and mounting flange73. Preferably, the gasket81is water and oil resistant neoprene. Fasteners75, such as sealing screws (not shown), are disposed in through holes74to secure the mounting flange73to the transit case2opening15. The use of a gasket81and sealing screws75provide moisture resistance between the cold side76and the hot side77(i.e., between the inside and the outside) when the thermoelectric air conditioner7is installed in or on the transit case2.

The thermoelectric air conditioned transit case can also include temperature selection means and temperature sensing means for setting and monitoring a temperature in said internal cavity14. For example, as shown inFIG. 4the temperature selection means can include a thermostat105for setting a desired temperature and the temperature sensing means can include a temperature probe106for monitoring the temperature in the internal cavity14of the transit case2. The temperature can be varied by controlling the current flow through the thermoelectric device7.

The thermoelectric air conditioner7includes a power source159. Preferably, the power source can include AC and/or DC power. For example, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can include a power cord121for plugging into a standard power receptacle. In one preferred embodiment, the power source159includes a DC to DC active power supply to minimize size and reduce waste heat. Preferably, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is designed with a programmable power control system to maximize cooling for a given design and operating conditions.

In addition, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can include a case power source. In this embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be electrically connected (i.e., hard-wired or plugged into) to the case power supply. The transit case power supply can in turn include a plug and power cord that can be connected to an external power source (wall outlet, lighter adapter, aircraft adapter, etc.). Furthermore, the thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1can include an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS).

With overall weight of the portable thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1being a concern, it is preferred that the transit cases2and the thermoelectric air conditioners7have light-weight designs. Preferably, the cases2include light-weight designs that use, for example, Thermo Stamped Composite (TSC), which is glass-reinforced polypropylene, Rotomolded PE (polyethylene), injection molded ABS, Fiberglass (FRP), and/or light-weight metal (such as Aluminum) materials. It is also contemplated that other light-weight composites and hybrid materials can be used. Other suitable materials include wood, fabric, canvas, vinyl, etc.

Further, the weight of a thermoelectric air conditioner7can also be reduced by, for example, changing the materials of some of the components, such as changing some components to Aluminum, and also reducing the size of components. Also, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can include a compact design, a light-weight power supply design and lay-out to help keep the weight of the overall thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1to a minimum.

Several exemplary embodiments are outlined below illustrating systems and methods for cooling the contents of a transit case and for mounting a thermoelectric air conditioner7to a transit case2.

FIGS. 1-4show an exemplary internal thermoelectric air conditioner7embodiment. As shown, the case has front and rear covers20(although cases having a single cover are also contemplated) and a metal frame40inside the case internal cavity14. As shown, the frame includes a 19-inch rack-mount frame40. The covers20can also be called lids, doors, etc., and can be hinged or entirely removable. The thermoelectric air conditioner7mounts on the end of the frame40, concealed inside the case when in the transit mode, viewable when in the operational mode. As shown, shock mounts93are positioned between the frame40and the walls10of the case2. As shown, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is installed through the end opening15of the case2. The cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7extends into an opening42in the frame40and the mounting flange73of the thermoelectric air conditioner7is connected to the frame40. A tongue84and groove85arrangement is shown for sealing the opening15when the cover20is secured over the end opening15of the case2. An adapter plate82is also shown for filling-in and sealing the space between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the case walls10. In this embodiment, the air conditioner7is totally contained within the case2when the cover20is secured to the case2over the end opening15. In this configuration, not only can one not tell there is an air conditioner7incorporated into the case2when the case2is in the transit mode, but the air conditioner7is totally protected by the design of the case2, the mounting arrangement, the shock-mounted frame40, etc.

FIGS. 5 and 6show another internal thermoelectric air conditioner7embodiment. In the illustrated embodiments, the case includes a top cover20and the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounts inside the case2on a mounting plate30that is secured to the opening15of the case2′ As shown, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is concealed when in the transit mode and viewable when in the operational mode. In this embodiment, the top cover20is pivotally connected to the case2by hinges27and the thermoelectric air conditioner7is totally contained within the case2when the top cover20is closed. When the case2is in the transit mode, it is not apparent there is a thermoelectric air conditioner7incorporated into the case2, and the air conditioner7is totally protected by the design of the case2, the mounting arrangement, the shock-mounted frame40, etc. As shown inFIG. 5, the case2can include wheels100to assist in the portability of the transit case2.

FIGS. 7A-Bshow cases2with a top cover20andFIG. 8shows a case2with an end cover20. In each figure, the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounts on the top or side or end of the case2. In the embodiments ofFIGS. 7A,7B, and8, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is not concealed inside the case2when the case2is in the transit or operational mode.FIG. 7Ashows a horizontal, through-mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7on top of the case2, wherein at least a portion of the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7extends into the internal cavity14of the case2.FIG. 7Bshows a horizontal, flush-mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7on top of the case2, wherein no portion of the thermoelectric air conditioner7extends into the internal cavity14of the case2. Although not shown, the embodiments ofFIGS. 7A and 7Bcan include a separate transit lid25for covering and protecting the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transit. The transit lid25can include a plastic, metal, and/or wire mesh configuration.

FIG. 8shows a case having front and rear covers20where the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounts on the top of the case2.FIG. 8shows a horizontal, through-mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7on one side of the case2, wherein at least a portion of the thermoelectric air conditioner7extends into the internal cavity14of the case2. The thermoelectric air conditioner7is not concealed inside when the case2is in the transit or operational mode. Similar to the embodiments ofFIGS. 7A-7B, the thermoelectric air conditioner7ofFIG. 8may be flush-mounted and/or through-mounted. Although not shown, the embodiment ofFIG. 8can include a separate transit lid25for covering and protecting the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transit. Also, the thermoelectric air conditioner in any of the flush-mounted and/or through-mounted embodiments could be mounted vertically at one side or end of the case2.

Thermoelectric air conditioner7may also be removably mounted in or on the transit case2although this is more preferred for embodiments wherein the thermoelectric air conditioner7is externally mounted. In the embodiments ofFIGS. 9A and 9B, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is removably mounted to the mounting plate30of the transit case2. As shown inFIG. 9A, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is not concealed inside the case2when the case2is in the operational mode. But during transit the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be removed and can be stowed within the transit case2and thus can be concealed inside the case2when the case2is in the transit mode, as shown inFIG. 9B.

Alternatively, as shown inFIGS. 1A-10Dthe thermoelectric air conditioner can be shipped and protected in a separate case2b. Once on-site the thermoelectric air conditioner can be removed from its shipping case2b(secondary case2b) and connected to the transit case2ahousing the temperature sensitive equipment5(primary case2a) and placed in operation.

FIG. 11shows an alternate embodiment of the externally mounted thermoelectric air conditioner7further comprising a separate, secondary cover25for containing and protecting the thermoelectric air conditioner during transit. Once on-site, this secondary cover25can be removed exposing the thermoelectric air conditioner7for operation. This embodiment shows a case having a top cover20and the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounted on the top of the case2, but is also applicable for cases2having an end cover20and the thermoelectric air conditioner7mounted on the end of the case2. In this embodiment, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is concealed inside the secondary cover25when the case2is in the transit mode.

FIGS. 12A-12Band13A-13B illustrate yet other embodiments wherein the thermoelectric air conditioner7is mounted in an extender piece37(FIGS. 12A-12B) and/or a secondary case2bthat is separate from the primary case2ahousing the equipment5to be protected (FIGS. 13A-13B). Preferably, the extender piece37and/or secondary case2binclude removable covers/lids/panels25on corresponding mating wall (e.g., top/bottom, end/end, side/side) as the mating wall of the primary case2a, which is includes a removable cover20a.

This allows, for example in the case of an embodiment having a secondary case, the two cases2a,2bto be connected such that the thermoelectric air conditioner7in the secondary case2bis in thermal communication with the internal cavity14aof the primary case2ain order to control the temperature of the internal cavity14aof the primary case2a. The removable cover/lid/panel20bon the secondary case2b(i.e., the case housing the thermoelectric air conditioner7) covers and protects the thermoelectric air conditioner7during transit. The removable cover/lid/panel25on the primary case2a(i.e., the case housing the equipment5) covers and protects the equipment5during transit.

During operation, the two removable covers/lids/panels25are removed and the primary and secondary cases2a,2bare connected to one another. The openings15a,15bin the cases2a,2bwherein the covers/lids/panels25were removed allows the thermoelectric air conditioner7to be in thermal communication with the internal cavity14aof the primary case2a. Alternatively, as shown inFIGS. 13A and 13Bair passageways can be formed between the cold side76of the thermoelectric air conditioner7in the secondary case2band the internal cavity14aof the primary case2ato help facilitate air flow between the thermoelectric air conditioner7and the internal cavity14a. Also, the primary2aand secondary2bcases can be connected end-to-end, as shown inFIGS. 12A and 12B, and/or one on top of another, as shown inFIGS. 13A and 13B.

In still another embodiment, a standard “vertical” mounting orientation of an exemplary thermoelectric air conditioner7provides for the long side of the mounting flange73on the thermoelectric air conditioner7to be in the vertical direction. In this type of arrangement, the thermoelectric air conditioner7can be rotated approximately 90 degrees so that it would match with the dimensional constraints of the transit case2.

This arrangement requires features that deal with condensate collection issues. Condensate collection can be addressed through the use of one or more of the following features: (1) slotted heat sink fins107which allow condensate to be drawn down by gravity (seeFIG. 19); (2) a modified “cold side” cover110which includes a built-in and/or separate condensate drip pan108at the bottom (seeFIGS. 20aand20b, respectively); (3) desiccant containers (not shown) that can be mounted within the transit case2to aid in absorbing moisture. The desiccant can include a feature to indicate when it is expired or used up. For example, the desiccant can change color when it requires renewal/replenishment. As shown inFIG. 20b, the condensate drip pan108can also include a hose109for leading any condensation away from the thermoelectric air conditioner7.

FIGS. 21A-21Fshows several views of one exemplary thermoelectrically air conditioned transit case1.FIG. 21Ashows a transit case2with front and rear covers20in place. As shown, two (of four) handles91are visible. The front and rear covers20are secured to the case2housing by latches96.

FIG. 21Bis a front view showing the front cover20partially removed. Rack rails45, such as 19-inch rack rails, can be used for mounting both the equipment5as well as the thermoelectric air conditioner7. For example, a 19-inch oscilloscope is shown inFIG. 21B. Shock mounts93are disposed between the case walls10and the rack rails45. Other equipment and/or an adapter plate (not shown) may be connected to the rack rails below the depicted oscilloscope to fill the front opening and seal the interior space.

FIG. 21Cshows the front cover20removed entirely. As shown, complete access to the front side of the equipment5is provided. As shown, a rack frame40has a 24-inch depth (rail to rail). Other frame sizes are also available having varying dimensions, such as, for example, between about 17 to about 30-inch depth. In this embodiment, the front cover20is on when the transit case2is being transported and can be removed and/or left in place when the thermoelectric air conditioner7is cooling the electronics within the case2. An adapter plate (not shown) can be mounted below and around the equipment5to seal the internal cavity14during operation when the cover20is removed.

FIG. 21Dis a rear view showing both covers20(rear and front) in place. As shown, the thermoelectric air conditioner7is completely concealed and contained within the case2.

FIG. 21Eshows the rear cover20partially removed. Preferably, the rear cover20is on when the transit case is being transported and off when the thermoelectric air conditioner7is cooling the electronics within the case2. The thermoelectric air conditioner7and adapter plate82seal the interior cavity14from the outside environment.

FIG. 21Fshows the rear cover20removed entirely. Rack rails45, such as the same 19-inch rack rails used to hold the equipment5, can be used to mount the thermoelectric air conditioner7in a special orientation, with special light-weight (e.g., Aluminum) components, a special (AC and/or DC) power arrangement, and a special light-weight adapter plate82/gasket81assembly to seal out contaminants. Power cables121can exit through a connector (not shown) positioned on the adapter plate82.

While systems and methods have been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that modification and variations may be made without departing from the principles described above and set forth in the following claims. Accordingly, reference should be made to the following claims as describing the scope of disclosed embodiments.