Device for reducing starting load on internal combustion engine

A device for reducing a load which is imposed on an internal combustion engine when the engine is started, the internal combustion engine having an intake or exhaust valve tappet, which includes a rotatable camshaft having a cam for sliding contact with the intake or exhaust valve tappet, a wheel fixed coaxially to the camshaft, the wheel having a support shaft integrally formed on a side thereof and extending parallel to the axis of the camshaft, a tappet lifting member rotatably supported on the wheel, the tappet lifting member having a cam movable into and out of a base circle of the cam of the camshaft, a weight swingable about the support shaft, the weight having a distal end pivotally coupled to the tappet lifting member and a proximal end rotatably supported on the support shaft, and an urging mechanism, fixedly supported on the support shaft, for urging the weight toward the camshaft to move the cam of the tappet lifting member out of the base circle to press the intake or exhaust valve tappet.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a device for reducing the load imposed on 
an internal combustion engine when it is started, and more particularly to 
a device for reducing the starting load on an internal combustion engine 
by automatically opening an intake valve or an exhaust valve thereof 
slightly to lower a compressive pressure in the combustion chamber, 
thereby reducing the starting load on the engine, the device being 
operable to automatically cancel the action to lower the compression in 
the combustion chamber when the engine operates normally. 
2. Prior Art 
One known device for reducing the starting load on an internal combustion 
engine is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 
63(1988)-2565, for example. The disclosed device includes a camshaft which 
has a cam for pushing a valve tappet in sliding contact therewith, and a 
tappet pusher lever angularly movably mounted on the camshaft. A weight 
which partly engages the tappet pusher lever is swingably mounted on a 
side of a gear wheel which is coaxially mounted on the camshaft. The 
weight is normally urged toward the camshaft by a coil spring which has 
one end coupled to a pin fixed to the side of the gear wheel. When the 
internal combustion engine rotates at a low speed, the tappet pusher lever 
engaging the weight is caused to project out of the base circle of the cam 
under the bias of the coil spring, and pushes the tappet upwardly, thereby 
automatically opening an intake or exhaust valve slightly. Therefore, the 
compressive pressure in the combustion chamber is lowered to reduce the 
load on the engine when it is started. When the rotational speed of the 
engine reaches a normal speed, the weight is subjected to a centrifugal 
force which counteracts the bias of the coil spring, and therefore swings 
outwardly away from the camshaft. The tappet pusher lever, which is 
engaged by the weight, is also angularly moved into the base circle of the 
cam, whereupon the automatic opening of the intake or exhaust valve in the 
low-speed rotation of the engine is canceled. 
Some recent internal combustion engines include camshafts molded of 
synthetic resin for reduced weight. If the known device for reducing the 
starting load on an internal combustion engine is incorporated in such an 
internal combustion engine with a camshaft molded of synthetic resin, the 
molded camshaft and the gear wheel are drilled or pins are mounted on 
them, with the weight and other components being supported by the drilled 
holes or pins. 
Since it is necessary to drill the molded camshaft or fix pins to the 
molded camshaft for the attachment of the weight and other components, the 
camshaft is reduced in mechanical strength, and it is laborious and 
time-consuming to install the camshaft in place. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In view of the aforesaid problems of the conventional device, it is an 
object of the present invention to provide a device for reducing the 
starting load on an internal combustion engine, which device includes a 
camshaft that is arranged to minimize additional machining such as 
drilling which would otherwise reduce the mechanical strength of the 
camshaft, and which allows various components to be installed easily on 
the camshaft. 
According to the present invention, there is provided a device for reducing 
a load which is imposed on an internal combustion engine when the engine 
is started, the internal combustion engine having an intake or exhaust 
valve tappet, the device comprising a rotatable camshaft having a cam for 
sliding contact with the intake or exhaust valve tappet, a wheel fixed 
coaxially to the camshaft, the wheel having a support shaft integrally 
formed on a side thereof and extending parallel to the axis of the 
camshaft, a tappet lifting member rotatably supported on the wheel, the 
tappet lifting member having a cam movable into and out of a base circle 
of the cam of the camshaft, a weight swingable about the support shaft, 
the weight having a distal end pivotally coupled to the tappet lifting 
member and a proximal end rotatably supported on the support shaft, and an 
urging means, fixedly supported on the support shaft, for urging the 
weight toward the camshaft to move the cam of the tappet lifting member 
out of the base circle to press the intake or exhaust valve tappet. 
The above and further objects, details and advantages of the present 
invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of 
a preferred embodiment thereof, when read in conjunction with the 
accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
FIG. 1 shows in side elevation a device for reducing the starting load on 
an internal combustion engine according to a preferred embodiment of the 
present invention. 
As shown in FIG. 1, a camshaft 11 is rotatably supported in the cylinder 
head of an internal combustion engine (not shown). The camshaft 11 is of 
an integrally molded unitary structure of synthetic resin and includes a 
cam gear (wheel) 12 and two cams 13, 14, as shown in FIG. 3. The cam gear 
12 of the camshaft 11 is operatively coupled to a crankshaft (not shown) 
of the engine through a gear train. Therefore, the camshaft 11 is 
rotatable in timed relation to the crankshaft. Tappet "T" coupled to 
valves of the engine are held in sliding contact with the cam surfaces of 
the cams 13. 14. 
A support shaft 15 (FIG. 3) integrally projects axially from an axial side 
of the cam gear 12. As shown in FIG. 1, a release pin (tappet pusher 
member) 16 is rotatably inserted in a hole 50 (FIG. 3) which is defined 
axially through the cam gear 12 and partly in an outer circumferential 
surface of the shank of the camshaft 11. 
As shown in FIG. 2, the support shaft 15 has a first support 17, a second 
support 18, and a clip groove 19 which are arranged successively axially 
from the side of the cam gear 12 toward the tip end of the support shaft 
15. The first support 17 has a substantially circular cross section, and a 
weight 20 has a proximal end rotatably fitted over the first support 17. 
The second support 18 has a substantially semicircular cross section and 
is partly stepped from the first support 17, and a stay 21 has a proximal 
end fitted nonrotatably over the second support 18. The clip groove 19 
extends parallel to the chord of the second support 18, and a clip 22 has 
an end portion which is fitted in the clip groove 19. The second support 
18 has an axis with respect to which the second support 18 is symmetric in 
shape, the axis extending perpendicularly to the clip groove 19. The clip 
22 prevents the weight 20 and the stay 21 from being removed from the 
support shaft 15. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the weight 20 is in the form of a flat arcuate plate 
whose proximal end is rotatably supported on the support shaft 15 and 
opposite distal end is pivotally coupled to the release pin 16. As a 
whole, the weight 20 is angularly movable about the support shaft 15. 
The release pin 16 comprises a shaft having a cam of a substantially 
half-moon-shaped cross section, and a lever joined to and projecting 
radially from the shaft in a substantially L-shaped fashion. The cam of 
the release pin 16 can be turned when the lever thereof is turned with 
angular movement of the weight 20. 
The stay 21 comprises a flat metal plate having an inverted substantially 
J-shaped configuration. The proximal end of the stay 21 is fixedly fitted 
over the second support 18 of the support shaft 15 and is positioned 
between the clip 22 and the weight 20. The stay 21 has a distal end held 
against a peripheral surface of the shank of the camshaft 11. The stay 21 
includes a retainer 21a on a curved outer surface thereof, with a spring 
23 acting under tension between the retainer 21a and an engaging member 
20a on the weight 20 near its pivoted proximal end. The weight 20 is 
normally urged to move toward the axis of the camshaft 11 under the bias 
of the spring 23. A stopper recess 24 is defined in the proximal end 
portion of the stay 21, and has a bottom engageable with a finger 25 on 
the pivoted proximal end of the weight 20. The stopper recess 24, when 
engaging the finger 25, limits the outward swinging movement of the weight 
20 under centrifugal forces, and hence defines a maximum limit position 
for such outward swinging movement of the weight 20. The stay 21 and the 
spring 23 serve as urging means for urging the weight 20 toward the axis 
of the camshaft 11. 
When the engine is started, the weight 20 is held in the imaginary-line 
position shown in FIG. 1 under the resilient force of the spring 23. When 
the engine rotates steadily or normally after it has been started, since 
the weight 20 is subjected to centrifugal forces, the weight 20 is forced 
to swing about the support shaft 15 outwardly into the solid-line position 
in FIG. 1. Upon starting of the engine, the cam of the release pin 16 
projects out of a base circle G of the cam 13 of the camshaft 11 and 
pushes the tappet, thereby reducing the load on the engine at the time it 
is started. Upon steady or normal rotation of the engine, as the weight 20 
swings outwardly, the cam of the release pin 16 rotates and is retracted 
into the base circle G. Therefore, the cam of the release pin 16 no longer 
pushes the tappet, but only the cam 13 slidingly pushes the tappet, so 
that the engine operates normally. 
In the manufacture of the camshaft 11, the camshaft 11 and the cam gear 12 
with the axially projecting support shaft 15 can integrally be molded 
together as a unitary structure. 
The camshaft 11 is molded with a mold assembly which has parting lines P1, 
P2 shown in FIG. 3 and 5, with the parting line P2 extending 
perpendicularly to the clip groove 19. Therefore, the cam gear 12, the 
cams 13, 14, and the support shaft 15 can be molded using a single mold 
assembly, so that the camshaft 11 can easily be molded. 
To assemble the device, the weight 20 and the stay 21 are successively 
mounted on the support shaft 15, and then retained on the support shaft 15 
by the clip 22. Thereafter, the spring 23 is installed on and kept under 
tension between the stay 21 and the weight 20, whereupon the device is 
completed. Consequently, it is not necessary to additionally machine, 
i.e., drill, the camshaft 11, for the installation of the weight 20, the 
stay 21, and the spring 23. The camshaft 11 and the cam gear 12 thus 
retain their mechanical strength. The weight 20, the stay 21, and the 
spring 23 are also installed with utmost ease. The stay 21 functions as a 
washer between the weight 20 and the clip 22, so that the weight 20 is 
allowed to swing smoothly without any additional component required for 
such smooth swinging movement of the weight 20. 
With the device for reducing the starting load on an internal combustion 
engine according to the present invention, as described above, the weight 
and other components can be installed on the camshaft which is molded of 
synthetic resin, without the need for any additional machining of the 
camshaft. Accordingly, the camshaft is prevented from being reduced in 
mechanical strength, and the various components can easily and quickly be 
installed on the camshaft. 
Although there has been described what is at present considered to be the 
preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood that 
the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing 
from the essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is 
therefore to be considered in all aspects as illustrative, and not 
restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended 
claims rather than by the foregoing description.