Recombinant DNA inserted with hepatitis B virus gene, mammalian cells transformed with cloned viral DNA, and production of hepatitis B virus proteins

A recombinant DNA comprising 3 fragments of Hepatitis B virus DNA recombined with a vector consisting essentially of 0.31 Kb replication orgin of SV40 DNA inserted into EcoRI cleavage site of Escherichia coli plasmid which is deficient in the 1.426-2.521 Kb region of inhibiting replication in mammalian cells, wherein each HBV DNA fragment is a 3.2 Kb BamHI fragment consisting of 1.9 Kb HBc gene and 1.3 Kb HBs gene, and said HBV DNA fragments are arranged in a head-to-tail tandem relationship wherein the HBc gene positions at the head and the HBs gene positions at the tail, mammalian cells transformed with the recombinant DNA, and a method of production of Hepatitis B virus proteins, i.e. HBsAg and/or HBeAg. These HBV proteins have the same immunological properties as those of the natural HBV proteins originated from human blood plasma and can be used for the preparation of HBV vaccine and diagnostic reagents.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a recombinant DNA inserted with hepatitis 
B virus genes which is suitable for transforming mammalian cells, 
mammalian cells transformed therewith, and a method for the production of 
hepatitis B virus proteins. More particularly, it relates to an industrial 
production of hepatitis B virus (hereinafter, referred to as "HBV") 
proteins, which comprises producing a novel recombinant DNA inserted with 
HBV genes by using a plasmid vector, transforming mammalian cells with the 
recombinant DNA, and culturing the transformed mammalian cells. 
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
Hepatitis B, which is usually caused by transfusing blood of HBV positive 
patient or others, is hardly remedied, and there is no drug suitable for 
complete remedy thereof. Most suitable prophylaxis is a vaccine consisting 
of HBV surface antigen (hereinafter, referred to as "HBs antigen", "HBsAg" 
or "s antigen"). However, it is very difficult to produce the HBsAg 
vaccine on an industrial scale, because HBV is infectious only to human 
subjects and chimpanzee (it has never been successful to make a cell 
culture infected with HBV), and owing to this specificity of HBV, HBsAg 
must be obtained only from human blood serum. 
It has recently been proposed to prepare HBsAg by E. coli with recombinant 
DNA instead of using human blood serum (cf. Japanese Patent Laid Open 
Application No. 104887/1980). However, according to this method using E. 
coli, it is still difficult to produce the desired HBsAg on an industrial 
scale, because the produced HBsAg is easily decomposed within the cells of 
E. coli and further growth of E. coli is inhibited by the produced HBsAg, 
which results in less productivity of HBsAg. 
It has also been proposed to transform a certain animal cells with a cloned 
DNA (cf. Japanese Patent Laid Open Application No. 39784/1982). However, 
the recombinant DNA used in this method is prepared by inserting HBV DNA 
into E. coli plasmid pBR322, said plasmid pBR322 being not subjected to 
deletion of the site of inhibiting replication in mammalian cells and to 
insertion of a DNA (e.g. SV40 DNA) which can replicate in mammalian cells, 
and hence, when this recombinant DNA is introduced into mammalian cells, 
for instance monkey cells (e.g. COS Cells, cf. Gluzman, Y.; Cell, 23, 
175-182, 1981), it can not effectively be grown in the cells, and further 
there is produced only HBs antigen with avoiding the production of HBe 
antigen. 
It is also known to use SV40 DNA as a vector for preparing a recombinant 
DNA wherein a rabbit .beta.-globulin gene is inserted (cf. Y. Takagi, et 
al, "Procedure for Experiment in Genetic Engineering", Third Ed., 
published by Kodansha, July 1, 1981, pages 122-125), but in this method, 
the SV40 DNA is a long fragment containing also the promoter region and 
the resultant recombinant DNA is directly inserted into mammalian cells 
which are infected thereby together with a helper SV40 mutant DNA to 
produce viral particles. 
Furthermore, it is known that HVB proteins are produced by a recombinant 
DNA comprising an HBV fragment recombined with SV40 DNA vector (cf. 
Japanese Patent Laid Open Application No. 56685/1983=U.S. Ser. No. 298,235 
and Japanese Patent Laid Open Application No. 995/1983=U.S. Ser. No. 
249,352). However, in these invention, the SV40 DNA vector is a long 
fragment containing also the promoter region like above and the produced 
proteins comprise mainly HBs antigen, and it can not produce the protein 
on a large scale. 
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present inventors have extensively studied on an improved method for 
producing HBV proteins on an industrial scale by using novel transformed 
mammalian cells. As a result, it has been found that a novel recombinant 
DNA which is suitable for transforming mammalian cells can be prepared by 
inserting HBV gene into a recombinant DNA which can replicate in both E. 
coli and COS cells, and that there can be produced the desired HBV 
proteins having the same immunological properties as those of natural HBV 
proteins origined from human blood serum on an industrial scale by using 
mammalian cells transformed with said novel recombinant DNA. 
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel recombinant DNA 
inserted with HBV gene which is suitable for transforming mammalian cells. 
Another object of the invention is to provide mammalian cells transformed 
with the recombinant DNA, particularly transformed COS cells and mouse L 
cells. A further object of the invention is to provide a method for 
producing HBV proteins on an industrial scale by using said transformed 
mammalian cells. These and other objects and advantages of the invention 
will be apparent to persons skilled in the art from the following 
description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The novel recombinant DNA of the present invention can be prepared by 
inserting HBV genes into a vector, e.g. pXRIIG (cf. Lusky, M., Nature 293, 
79, 1981). Said novel recombinant DNA can be used for transforming 
mammalian cells, preferably thymidine kinase deficient (TK.sup.-) 
mammalian cells (e.g. mouse LTK.sup.- cells). The present invention is 
characteristic in that there are produced as the HBV proteins not only HBs 
antigen but also HBe antigen (hereinafter, referred to as "HBeAg" or "e 
antigen") which has never been isolated. 
The production of the recombinant DNA, transformed mammalian cells, and HBV 
proteins are illustrated below in more detail. 
(1) HBV gene 
The HBV gene is an HBV DNA of subtype adr which is frequently observed in 
Japan and also in countries of Southeast Asia and is cloned by E. coli. 
The HBV gene contains each one recognition site of restriction enzymes 
XhoI and BamHI. This fragment, e.g. a fragment having an BamHI site at 
both terminals which is obtained by digesting with BamHI has a structure 
as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1, wherein HBs gene and HBc gene are 
present in the same direction and the HBc gene positions at the head and 
the HBs gene positions at the tail. 
The HBV DNA is prepared in the following manner. 
Viral particles (Dane particles) are isolated from blood of a person having 
HBe antigen by a conventional method. The HBV DNA (3,200 bp) usually has a 
double-stranded circular structure, but about 15 to 50% regions thereof 
show single-strand. Accordingly, in order to change the single-stranded 
regions to double-strand suitable for cloning the gene, it is treated with 
an endogenous DNA polymerase by the method of Sattler and Robinson (cf. F. 
Sattler & W. S. Robinson, Journal of Virology, 32, 226-233, 1979, 
"Hepatitis B viral DNA molecules have cohesive ends"). After repairing all 
regions into double-strand, the DNA is extracted, and amplified by cloning 
by E. coli, and then treated with an appropriate restriction enzyme to 
give a fragment which is used for construction of the desired plasmid. 
The HBV DNA is preferably of subtype adr which is frequently observed in 
Japan and in other countries in Southeast Asia, but may be HBV of subtype 
adw and ayw which are frequently observed in European countries and U.S.A. 
(2) Vector 
The vector used in the present invention consists of an E. coli plasmid 
inserted with a replication origin of SV40 DNA, which can replicate in 
both E. coli and mammalian cells. The E. coli plasmid includes any 
conventional plasmids, for example, originated from ColEl, pMBl (cf. 
Hershfield, V., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, U.S.A., 71, 3455, 1974) and plasmid 
originated from p15A (cf. Chang, A.C.Y., J. Bact., 134, 1141, 1978). 
The SV40 DNA to be inserted into E. coli plasmid is a DNA of a virus which 
is well known as a mammalian cancer virus being capable of infecting and 
inducing a cancer in monkeys. The SV40 DNA is usually used in genetic 
engineering industries by recombining it with other DNA, for instance, 
recombining with .beta.-globin gene, and introducing the recombinant DNA 
thus obtained into monkey culture cells to produce .beta.-globin (cf. 
Mulligan, R. C., Nature 277, 108, 1979). In the present invention, the 
replication origin of the SV40 DNA (it is usually referred to as "SV40 
ori") is inserted into an E. coli plasmid and then is used in the 
preparation of recombinant DNA with HBV gene. The recombinant DNA thus 
prepared can replicate in both E. coli and COS cells. 
The vector used in the present invention is preferably deficient in the 
replication-inhibiting region. Preferred example of such a DNA is a 
recombinant DNA consisting of E. coli plasmid pBR 322 deficient in region 
toxic to mammalian cells (i.e. region of inhibiting replication within COS 
cells; 1.426-2.521 kb) (said plasmid pBR322 being designated "pXf.sup.3 ") 
and a replication origin (0.31 kb) of SV40 DNA. The recommbinant DNA is 
designated "pXRIIG" and has a structure as shown in the accompanying FIG. 
2. As is shown in FIG. 2, the replication origin (0.31 kb) of SV40 DNA is 
inserted into EcoRI cleavage site of pBR322, and the recombinant DNA is 
deficient in the region (1.426-2.521 kb) of inhibiting replication in 
mammalian cells and optionally deficient also in other unnecessary region 
(e.g. 3.102-3.211 kb) in order to shorten the size of vector, and said 
recombinant DNA contains a tetracycline-resistant gene (Tc.sup.r) and an 
ampicillin-resistant gene (Ap.sup.r). These antibiotics resistant genes 
are useful as a selective marker in the preparation of transformed E. coli 
and include other various antibiotics resistant genes, such as 
kanamycin-resistant gene, chloramphenicol-resistant gene, etc. 
The vector is used for the preparation of a recombinant DNA with an HBV 
gene in the form of a fragment after being cleaved with BamHI. 
(3) Construction of recombinant DNA (HBV gene-expression plasmid) 
A fragment obtained by digesting the above vector with an appropriate 
restriction enzyme (e.g. BamHI) is recombined with a fragment containing 
an HBV gene in an appropriate ratio to give the desired recombinant DNA. 
By varying the ratio of each fragment, there can be obtained various 
recombinant DNAs wherein one fragment of the vector is preferably inserted 
into two to four fragments of HBV DNA. Usually, the fragment of vector and 
the fragment of HBV DNA are used in the ratio of 1:2 to 1:10 by mole. One 
embodiment of the recombinant DNAs has a structure as shown in the 
accompanying FIG. 3, which is a recombinant DNA consisting of three BamHI 
fragments of HBV DNA and one fragment of the vector (designated "pSHB3"). 
As is shown in FIG. 3, the HBV DNA fragments are inserted in the same 
direction, i.e. in the head-to-tail tandem form, wherein the HBc gene 
positions at the head and the HBs gene positions at the tail. 
(4) Transformation of mammalian cells 
The above recombinant DNA inserted with HBV genes is introduced into 
mammalian cells together with TK genes and then culturing it to transform 
the mammalian cells. 
The mammalian cells are preferably TK.sup.- cells, e.g. mouse LTK.sup.- 
cells, because only the desired transformed cells can selectively be 
isolated, while the transformation is carried out by treating the cells 
with the recombinant DNA together with several tens to several hundreds 
times of TK genes. There may also be used a recombinant DNA inserted with 
TK genes instead of using together the recombinant DNA and TK genes. 
The recombinant DNA can also be introduced into other mammalian cells, for 
example into COS cells in which the pXRIIG can replicated, and the desired 
HBsAg is produced by culturing the transformed COS cells. 
The transformation is more specifically illustrated below in the case of 
using mouse LTK.sup.- cells as the mammalian cells. 
Mouse LTK.sup.- cells are cultured in a Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium 
(hereinafter, referred to as "DMEM") supplemented with 10% calf serum (cf. 
Dulbecco, R. & Freeman, G.; Virology, 8, 396, 1959) and thereto is added a 
solution of the recombinant DNA and TK gene in an aqueous calcium 
phosphate solution, and the mixture is allowed to stand at room 
temperature for a few or several tens of minutes, usually for about 30 
minutes. To the resulting mixture is added additional DMEM, and the 
mixture is cultured for 4 to 5 hours. After substituting new DMEM, the 
mixture is further cultured for 12 to 24 hours. The resulting culture is 
further cultured in a medium containing hypoxanthine (15 .mu.g/ml), 
aminopterin (1 .mu.g/ml) and thymidine (5 .mu.g/ml) (hereinafter, referred 
to as "HAT medium") [cf. Littlefield; J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 
3961-3965, 1963] to give the desired transformed mouse L cells. In the 
above transformation procedure, the starting mouse LTK.sup.- cells are 
deficient in TK gene and hence can not grow in HAT medium, but on the 
other hand, the transformed mouse L cells inserted with TK gene is capable 
of synthesis of thymidine kinase and hence can grow in HAT medium. 
Accordingly, only the desired transformed cells can selectively be 
isolated by culturing in the above HAT medium. 
(5) TK gene 
The TK genes are used in the above transformation of mammalian cells 
together with a recombinant DNA inserted with an HBV gene. The TK gene is 
a recombinant DNA of an E. coli plasmid (e.g. pBR322) and a TK gene 
derived from herpes simplex virus and has a structure as shown in the 
accompanying FIG. 4 [cf. Florence Colbere-Garapin, 3rd General Meeting of 
ESACT, Oxford 1979, Develop. biol. Standard, 46, 75-82, 1980]. 
(6) Culture of transformed mammalian cells and production of HBV protein 
The transformed mammalian cells obtained above are cultured in an 
appropriate medium in a usual manner to produce a large amount of HBV 
proteins, not only "s" antigen but also "e" antigen, within the grown 
cells, which are released into the medium. In this culture, a mixture of 
"s" antigen and "e" antigen is produced, but they can easily be separated 
by a conventional purification method of proteins, for instance, by 
passing the culture broth through a column packed with an anti-HBs 
antibody and then eluting the "s" antigen with a 0.1 M HCl-glycine buffer, 
and likewise by passing the culture broth through a column packed with an 
anti-HBe antibody and then eluting the "e" antigen therefrom with the same 
buffer as above. 
The HBV proteins thus obtained have the same immunological properties as 
those of the natural HBV proteins originated from human blood serum and 
can be used for the preparation of HBV vaccine and diagnostic reagents 
like the natural HBV proteins. 
The recombinant DNA, transformed mammalian cells and production of HBV 
proteins of the present invention are illustrated by the following 
examples, but should not be construed to be limited thereto. 
EXAMPLE 1 
(1) Preparation of HBV DNA 
(i) Preparation of virus DNA 
A pooled blood plasma (700 ml) obtained from ten persons who are positive 
in HBsAg (subtype adr) and HBeAg is centrifuged at 5,000 r.p.m. for 20 
minutes to remove undissolved materials. The resulting solution is 
centrifuged at 4.degree. C., 18,000 r.p.m. for 8 hours, and the resultant 
precipitates are re-dissolved in 10 ml of a buffer (pH 7.5) of 10mM 
Tris-HCl, 0.1 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA. The solution is added to the top of a 
centrifugal tube containing 30% sucrose, which is centrifuged at 4.degree. 
C., 39,000 r.p.m. for 4 hours. The resultant precipitates are re-dissolved 
in the same buffer as above. 
In order to make easier the following operation, the buffer solution is 
subjected to the reaction by HBV DNA polymerase by treating it in a 
mixture (500 .mu.l) of 67 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 80 mM NH.sub.4 Cl, 25 mM 
MgCl.sub.2, 0.5% NP40 (Tergitol, manufactured by Sigma Co.), 0.1% 
2-mercaptoethanol, 330 .mu.M dCTP (deoxycytidine triphosphate), dGTP 
(deoxyguanosine triphosphate), and dATP (deoxyadenosine triphosphate), 0.5 
.mu.M .alpha.-[.sup.32 P] dTTP (deoxythymidine triphosphate) at 37.degree. 
C. for 3 hours, and to the reaction mixture is added the same volume of 
100 mM EDTA solution. By the above DNA polymerase reaction, 
single-stranded region of the DNA is repaired to wholly double-strand to 
give a [.sup.32 P] labeled material. This material is added to the top of 
a centrifugal tube wherein 30%, 20% and 10% aqueous solutions of sucrose 
are packed in layers in this order, and it is centrifuged at 4.degree. C., 
39,000 r.p.m. for 4.5 hours. 
In order to digest the proteins strongly bonded to DNA, the precipitates 
obtained above are treated in a mixture (200 .mu.l) of 1 mg/ml of pronase 
E (manufactured by Kaken Kagaku K.K., Japan) and 0.2% aqueous sodium 
laurate solution at 37.degree. C. for 2 hours. The resulting mixture is 
extracted with phenol (200 .mu.l) twice, and the resulting DNA-containing 
extract is washed with ether to remove phenol solvent to give a solution 
of HBV DNA. The DNA thus obtained has a specific radioactivity of 
2.5.times.10.sup.6 cpm/.mu.g and can be used for digestion with 
restriction enzymes. 
(ii) Cloning of HBV DNA 
The double-stranded circular HBV DNA obtained above is cloned by using 
.lambda.-phage Charon 16A DNA as a vector and then is again cloned by 
using the known plasmid pBR322 as a vector as follows. 
(A) Cloning in the system of .lambda.-phage Charon 16A host-vector: 
HBV DNA (20 ng) is treated with endonuclease XhoI in a mixture (20 .mu.l) 
of 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 7 mM MgCl.sub.2, 100 mM NaCl and 7 mM 
2-mercaptoethanol at 37.degree. C. for 2 hours. The resulting mixture is 
extracted with phenol (20 .mu.l) and further with ether, and to the 
aqueous layer is added double volume of cooled ethanol to precipitate DNA. 
The mixture is kept at -70.degree. C. for one hour and then centrifuged at 
10,000 r.p.m. for 5 minutes, and the precipitated DNA is recovered. The 
precipitates thus separated are dissolved in a mixture (5 .mu.l) of 10 mM 
Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) and 1 mM EDTA. The HBV DNA and an equimolar amount of 
.lambda.-phage Charon 16 A DNA (having one recognition site of XhoI) 
obtained by cleavage with endonuclease XhoI like above are reacted with T4 
DNA ligase [a mixture of 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM 
dithiothreitol, 100 .mu.g/ml calf serum albumin, 0.5 mM ATP and 0.5 .mu.l 
enzyme preparation (T4 ligase, manufactured by Takara Biomedicals, Japan, 
1-5.times.10.sup.3 unit/ml)] at 4.degree. C. for 18 hours. The reaction 
mixture is extracted with phenol and ether and then subjected to 
precipitation with ethanol in the same manner as described above. The 
precipitates thus obtained are dissolved in a mixture (10 .mu.l) of 10 mM 
Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) and 1 mM EDTA. 
The thus annealed DNA is subjected to an in vitro packaging operation to 
form .lambda.-phage in the same manner as described in "Methods in 
Enzymology", 68, 299-309 and further plaques (10.sup.4) are formed 
therefrom on an L-agar plate (23 cm.times.23 cm) by using E. coli DP50 
SupF (cf. Blatter, F. R., Science 196, 161, 1977) as an indicator. These 
plaques are subjected to plaque hybridization using .sup.32 P-labeled HBV 
DNA prepared above as a probe (cf. Science, 196, 180, 1977) in order to 
select plaques formed from the phage having HBV DNA, by which a plural of 
the desired phages are separated. 
(B) Re-cloning by using plasmid pBR322 as a vector: 
From the phage having HBV DNA obtained in the above (A), a phage DNA is 
prepared by using E. coli DP50-SupF as a bacteria to be infected in the 
same manner as described in "Methods in Enzymology", 68, 245-378, 1979. 
The DNA thus obtained is digested with XhoI under the same conditions as 
described above for 2 hours, and the resulting reaction mixture is 
subjected to an electrophoresis with 0.75% agarose gel to isolate HBV DNA 
(3.2 kb). The HBV DNA is absorbed onto DEAE (diethylaminoethyl cellulose) 
paper (manufactured by Toyo Roshi, Japan) in order to separate from the 
vector DNA and then is eluted with 1 M NaCl aqueous solution. The HBV DNA 
thus obtained is treated with T4 ligase under the same conditions as 
described above to give a circular HBV DNA (3.2 kb). This HBV DNA is 
treated with BamHI to give a BamHI fragment of HBV DNA. 
Separately, E. coli pBR322 having a single BamHI cleavage site within 
tetracycline-resistant gene thereof is digested with BamHI, and the 
product is purified by phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation in the 
same manner as described above. 
The thus obtained pBR322 cleaved with BamHI is mixed with BamHI fragment of 
HBV DNA obtained above in a molar ratio of 1:5, and the mixture is 
annealed with T4 DNA ligase for 18 hours as described above. 
The annealed DNA preparation (10 .mu.l) obtained above is added to a liquid 
of E. coli (0.1 ml) which is prepared by treating a culture broth of E. 
coli .chi.1776 (cf. Curtiss, R. III, "Molecular Cloning of Recombinant 
DNA" ed. Scott, W. A. and Werner, R., page 99, Academic Press, 1977) by 
the procedure as described in Norgard, M. V., Gene, 3, 279 (1978), and the 
mixture is mixed well and allowed to stand at 0.degree. C. for 25 minutes. 
The mixture is applied onto an L-agar plate containing ampicillin (20 
.mu.g/ml), .alpha.-biotine (1 .mu.g/ml), diaminopimelic acid (100 
.mu.g/ml) and thymine (20 .mu.g/ml) and is incubated at 37.degree. C. 
overnight. The resulting colonies are applied onto both an agar plate 
containing tetracycline (20 .mu.g/ml) and an agar plate containing 
ampicillin (20 .mu.g/ml), and the colonies which grow only on the agar 
plate containing ampicillin is selected. pBR322 has an 
ampicillin-resistant gene and a tetracycline-resistant gene, but when it 
is inserted with HBV DNA at the BamHI site of the tetracycline-resistant 
gene, it loses the tetracycline-resistance. Accordingly, the selected 
colonies have a recombinant DNA of pBR322-HBV DNA. From the colonies thus 
selected, a plasmid is prepared by the procedure as described by K. 
Matsubara (cf. J. Virol., 16, 479, 1975). The plasmid thus obtained, i.e. 
the recombinant DNA of pBR322-HBV DNA linked at the BamHI site), is 
treated with BamHI under the same conditions as described above, and the 
reaction mixture is subjected to an electrophoresis with 0.75% agarose gel 
in the same manner as described above to give a BamHI fragment of HBV DNA. 
(2) Preparation of vector (pXRIIG BamHI fragment) 
A vector pXRIIG is prepared as follows. 
SV40 DNA (10 .mu.g) is cleaved with EcoRII in a mixture of 50 mM Tris-HCl 
(pH 8.0), 50 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, and 1 mM dithiothreitol. The 
reacture mixture is subjected to an electrophoresis with 1% agarose gel, 
and 311 bp fragment of EcoRIIG containing a replication initiation region 
of SV40 is isolated. The DNA fragment (1 mole) thus obtained is linked 
with EcoRI linker (about 10 mole) by T4 DNA ligase in a mixture of 50 mM 
Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM ATP and 
100 .mu.g/ml calf serum albumin. After extraction with phenol and 
precipitation with ethanol, the product is cleaved with EcoRI in a mixture 
of 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 7 mM MgCl.sub.2, 100 mM NaCl, and 7 mM 
2-mercaptoethanol. After extraction with phenol and precipitation with 
ethanol, the product is mixed with pBR322 (which is previously cleaved 
with EcoRI) (10:1 by mole) and treated with T4 DNA ligase. E. coli 
.chi.1776 is transformed with the above reaction mixture, and the 
transformants are selected on an agar medium containing ampicillin. From 
the transformants, there is obtained a plasmid pSV01 in which 311 bp 
fragment of SV40 DNA is inserted at EcoRI site of pBR322 (cf. Proc. Natl. 
Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Vol. 77, 6491, 1980). 
pSV01 thus obtained is cleaved with PvuII in a mixture of 10 mM Tris-HCl 
(pH 7.5), 7 mM MgCl.sub.2, 60 mM NaCl, and 7 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 
then subjected to extraction with phenol and precipitation with ethanol. 
The resulting product is reacted with exonuclease Bal 31 in a mixture of 
20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 12 mM CaCl.sub.2, 12 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM EDTA, 
and 600 mM NaCl. After extraction with phenol and precipitaiton with 
ethanol, the product is reacted with T4 DNA ligase. E. coli .chi.1776 is 
transformed with the above reaction mixture, and the transformants are 
selected on an agar medium containing ampicillin, from which there is 
obtained plasmid pXRIIG which is deficient in the region of inhibiting 
replication in mammalian cells (cf. Nature, Vol. 293, 79, 1981). 
The vector pXRIIG (1 .mu.g) as prepared above is added to a mixture (20 
.mu.l) of 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 7 mM MgCl.sub.2, 100 mM NaCl and 2 mM 
2-mercaptoethanol, and thereto is added one unit of BamHI (one unit: an 
enzymatic activity being capable of completely digesting 1 .mu.g of 
.lambda.-DNA per one hour), and the mixture is reacted at 30.degree. C. 
for one hour. The reaction mixture is extracted with phenol, and the 
aqueous layer is extracted with ether and then subjected to ethanol 
precipitation. The precipitates are dissolved in water, which is used in 
the preparation of a recombinant DNA. 
(3) Preparation of a recombinant DNA of HBV DNA-pXRIIG 
A solution (50 .mu.l) containing HBV DNA BamHI fragment (150 ng) and pXRIIG 
BamHI fragment (50 ng) is reacted with T4 DNA ligase at 16.degree. C. for 
4 hours. 
E. coli .chi.1776 is transformed with the reaction mixture obtained above 
in the same manner as described above. From the resulting transformants, 
there are selected colonies which grow on an agar medium after incubating 
on L-agar plate for 12 hours in the same manner as described in the above 
(1), (B), and the colonies thus selected are applied onto an agar medium 
containing tetracycline (Tc) (10 .mu.g/ml) and an agar medium containing 
ampicillin (Ap) (40 .mu.g/ml). The colonies (clones) which can not grow on 
the Tc-containing agar medium but can grow on the Ap-containing agar 
medium are selected. These clones are each incubated in the culture liquid 
of E. coli .chi.1776 as mentioned above, and the plasmids are extracted in 
the same manner as described above. By analysis of the cleavage pattern 
with various restriction enzymes (e.g. BamHI, XhoI, Hind III, Sal I), 
there is selected a recombinant DNA consisting of three BamHI fragments of 
HBV DNA and one fragment of pHRIIG (said recombinant DNA being designated 
pSHB3). 
(4) Transformation of mammalian cells 
The following liquid A and liquid B are prepared. 
Liquid A: a solution (1.25 ml, pH 7.1) consisting of 50 mM Hepes (i.e. 
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid), 280 mM NaCl, and 15 
mM Na.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 12 H.sub.2 O. 
Liquid B: a mixture of DNA solution (1.1 ml) consisting of pSHB3 (50 
.mu.g), pTK (2.5 .mu.g) (cf. Colbere-Garapin, F., Proc. Natl. Acad. Scie. 
USA, 76, 3755, 1979), salmon spermatic DNA (carrier DNA) (50 .mu.g) and 
0.24 M CaCl.sub.2. 
The liquid B is added dropwise with stirring to the liquid A, and the 
mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes. After 
pipetting sufficiently, the mixture (0.5 ml) is added dropwise to a single 
layer of mouse LTK.sup.-, cells (about 10.sup.5 cills/flask) in a flask. 
The flask is kept at room temperature for 30 minutes in order to make the 
mixture absorbed into the cells, and thereto is added DMEM (5 ml), and the 
mixture is incubated under 5% CO.sub.2 at 37.degree. C. for about 5 hours. 
After exchanging with new DMEM, the mixture is further incubated for about 
24 hours, and then, the medium is exchanged to HAT medium. The incubation 
is continued while the medium is exchanged with a new HAT medium every two 
to three days. After 4 weeks, the colonies of cells of TK.sup.+ are 
collected to give the desired transformed cells. 
In the case of using COS cells as the mammalian cells, the transformation 
is done by the method described as above with the exception that the TK 
gene is omitted in the B solution and that the culture medium is not 
required to change to HAT medium any more. 
(5) Production of HBV proteins 
The culture liquid of the transformed mouse L cells (LTK.sup.+) obtained in 
the above (4) is detected with a kit for detecting HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg 
(manufactured by Abbott, U.S.A.). As a result, HBsAg and HBeAg are 
detected, but HBcAg is not detected. 
As to the culture liquid obtained above, the reactivity and amount of 
antigen are assumed in accordance with a parallel line assay using a kit 
for detecting HBsAg as above (cf. Finney, D. J., "Statistical method in 
biological assay, 2nd edn. Griffin, London, 1964), wherein purified HBsAg 
obtained from human blood serum is used as a control antigen. The results 
are shown in the accompanying FIG. 5. As is clear from FIG. 5, the amount 
of antigen in the culture liquid of the transformed mouse cells is 600 
ng/ml. Moreover, from based on the parallelism with the control antigen, 
it is also clear that the HBsAg produced by the present invention has 
similar reactivities (antigenicity, immunogenicity, etc.) to those of 
HBsAg present in human blood plasma. 
To the culture liquid (5 ml) obtained above is added cesium chloride (1.5 
g), and the mixture is centrifuged at 4.degree. C., 200,000 .times. g for 
60 hours, and fractions having maximum antigenicity of HBsAg and HBeAg are 
separated. When the specific gravity of these fractions is measured, the 
fraction having maximum antigenicity of HBsAg has a specific gravity of 
about 1.20 and the fraction of HBeAg has that of about 1.28, which are 
almost the same as those of HBsAg and HBeAg present in human plasma, 
respectively. 
Besides, the transformed cells are set with carbon tetrachloride at 
4.degree. C. for 30 minutes and reacted with rabbit anti-HBs anti-serum 
(as the primary antibody), followed by washing and drying, and then is 
reacted with a fluorescent pigment-labeled anti-rabbit IgG antibody (as 
the secondary antibody), followed by washing and drying. The resulting 
cells are observed with fluorescent microscopy. As a result, there is 
observed a specific fluorescence within the cytoplasm of the transformed 
cells. 
The culture liquid (100 .mu.l) obtained above is reacted with rabbit 
anti-HBs antibody (antibody value PHA 2.sup.8) (100 .mu.l) at room 
temperature for 12 hours and the reaction mixture is centrifuged at 10,000 
.times. g for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitates are stained with 
uranyl acetate and observed with an electron microscope. As a result, 
there are observed numerous aggregated images of particles (particle size 
22 nm) similar to HBsAg particles present in human plasma which is treated 
likewise, but there are not observed any tubular particles or Dane 
particles (HBV). 
Thus, the transformed mouse L cells produce and release HBsAg and HBeAg in 
the medium. 
The HBsAg and HBeAg thus produced are isolated from the culture liquid in 
the following manner. 
The culture liquid (100 ml) is passed through a column packed with guinea 
pig anti-HBs antibody carried on Sepharose CL 4B (manufactured by 
Pharmacia, Sweden), by which only HBsAg is adsorbed thereon, and hence, 
the HBsAg is isolated by eluting it with 0.1 M HCl-glycine buffer (pH 
2.5). 
The HBsAg thus obtained was subcutaneously inoculated to guinea pigs 
(female, 300-400 g, 10 animals) once a week for three weeks and further 
one time after one month therefrom, and the antibody in blood plasma was 
measured with a kit for detecting anti-HBs antibody (AUSAB, manufactured 
by Abbott, U.S.A.). As a result, there was observed in all animals the 
increased antibody value as the same as a control animal which was 
positive in an antibody with the same kit. 
Besides, the liquid passed through the above column is passed through a 
column packed with guinea pig anti-HBe antibody carried on Sepharose CL 
4B, by which only HBeAg is adsorbed thereon, and the HBeAg is isolated by 
eluting it with 0.1 M HCl-glycine buffer (pH 2.5). 
In the same manner as described above, HBsAg is produced except that the 
culture liquid of the transformed COS cells are used instead of the 
culture liquid of the transformed mouse L cells, (LTK.sup.+). The HBsAg 
thus obtained has the properties similar to those of HBsAg in human blood 
serum.