COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH WHITENING MECHANISM AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF

A communication system includes: a signal analysis module configured to receive a receiver signal for communicating a transmitter signal with an interference signal; a covariance module, coupled to the signal analysis module, configured to calculate a joint-covariance corresponding to a communication subcarrier data and a further subcarrier data within the receiver signal; a preparation module, coupled to the covariance module, configured to generate a joint-whitener based on the joint-covariance for randomizing the interference signal; and a joint whitening module, coupled to the preparation module, configured to generate a joint-whitened data based on the receiver signal and the joint-whitener for communicating with a device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following embodiments of the present invention can be used to process receiver signal corresponding to transmissions using space-frequency block-coding scheme. An adapted instance of a reference portion in the receiver signal can indicate that a transmitter signal, an interference signal, or a combination thereof was originally transmitted according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme.

A signal profile can characterize a transmission status of the transmitter signal, the interference signal, or a combination thereof. Joint-covariance and joint-whitener can be calculated and generated to comprehensively or jointly whiten and further process the receiver signal based on the signal profile. A joint-whitened data can be jointly detected and decoded to determine a communication content as originally intended for communication.

The signal profile and the reference portion adapted or adjusted to include information regarding the space-frequency block-coding scheme and provide increased accuracy and higher throughput. Also, the joint-covariance and the joint-whitener provide decreased error rate. Further, the joint-whitened data and the joint detection process provide increased transmission speed.

In the following description, numerous specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In order to avoid obscuring an embodiment of the present invention, some well-known circuits, system configurations, and process steps are not disclosed in detail.

The term “module” referred to herein can include software, hardware, or a combination thereof in an embodiment of the present invention in accordance with the context in which the term is used. For example, the software can be machine code, firmware, embedded code, and application software. Also for example, the hardware can be circuitry, processor, computer, integrated circuit, integrated circuit cores, a pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), passive devices, or a combination thereof.

The term “processing” as used herein includes filtering signals, decoding symbols, assembling data structures, transferring data structures, manipulating data structures, and reading and writing data structures. Data structures are defined to be information arranged as symbols, packets, blocks, files, input data, system generated data, such as calculated or generated data, and program data.

Referring now toFIG. 1, therein is shown a communication system100with whitening mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention. The communication system100includes a mobile device102, such as a cellular phone or a notebook computer, connected to a network104. The network104is a system of wired or wireless communication devices that are connected to each other for enabling communication between devices.

For example, the network104can include a combination of wires, transmitters, receivers, antennas, towers, stations, repeaters, telephone network, servers, or client devices for a wireless cellular network. The network104can also include a combination of routers, cables, computers, servers, and client devices for various sized area networks.

The network104can include a base station106for directly linking and communicating with the mobile device102. The base station106can receive wireless signals from the mobile device102, transmit signals to the mobile device102, process signals, or a combination thereof. The base station106can also relay signals between other base stations, components within the network104, or a combination thereof.

The mobile device102can be connected to the network104through the base station106. For example, the base station106can include or be coupled with a cell tower, a wireless router, an antenna, a processing device, or a combination thereof being used to send signals to or receive signals from the mobile device102, such as a smart phone or a laptop computer.

The mobile device102can connect to and communicate with other devices, such as other mobile devices, servers, computers, telephones, or a combination thereof. The mobile device102can communicate with other devices by transmitting signals, receiving signals, processing signals, or a combination thereof and displaying a content of the signals, audibly recreating sounds according to the content of the signals, processing according to the content, such as storing an application or updating an operating system.

The base station106can be used to wirelessly exchange signals for communication, including voice signals of a telephone call or data representing a webpage and interactions therewith. The base station106can also transmit reference signals, training signals, error detection signals, error correction signals, header information, transmission format, protocol information, or a combination thereof.

Based on the communication method, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE), or fourth generation (4G) standards, the communication signals can include a reference portion, a header portion, a format portion, an error correction or detection portion, or a combination thereof imbedded in the communicated information. The reference portion, header portion, format portion, error correction or detection portion, or a combination thereof can include a predetermined bit, pulse, wave, symbol, or a combination thereof. The various portions can be embedded within the communicated signals at regular time intervals, frequency, code, or a combination thereof.

The base station106can communicate a communication content108by sending a transmitter signal110to the mobile device102. The communication content108is data from a transmitting device intended for communication by reproduction or processing at a receiving device. For example, the communication content108can be a sequence of bits intended for displaying, audibly recreating, executing instructions, storing, or a combination thereof at a receiving device, such as the mobile station102.

The base station106can modify the communication content108to generate and transmit the transmitter signal110. The transmitter signal110is data actually transmitted by a device for communication and having a format for transmission. The base station106can generate the transmitter signal110by modifying, such as by interleaving or adding formatting information, the communication content108according to methods or standardizations predetermined by the communication system100to generate a code word111. The code word111is a unit of information having a length predetermined by the communication system100for communicating information between devices.

For example, the transmitter signal110can be the code word111including a sequence of bits representing the communication content108, an informational portion, a processing portion, an error correction portion, a format portion, or a combination thereof. Also for example, the transmitter signal110can be a sequence of symbols according to a modulation scheme, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or phase-shift keying (PSK), corresponding to the sequence of bits.

The transmitter signal110can further include a reference portion113. The reference portion113is a known signal transmitted by a device that is used to determine various types of information at a receiving device. The reference portion113can include a bit, a symbol, a signal pattern, a signal strength, frequency, phase, duration, or a combination thereof predetermined by the communication system100, a standard, or a combination thereof. The details of the reference portion113can be known and used by one or all devices in the communication system100.

The reference portion113can include generic or cell-specific information. The reference portion113can further include information regarding a transmission format. The detail, the structure, the content, or a combination thereof for the reference portion113can be used by the receiving device, such as the mobile station102, to determine information regarding a mechanism used to transmit data.

The transmitter signal110can arrive at the mobile station102after traversing a transmitter channel112. The transmitter channel112can be wireless, wired, or a combination thereof. The transmitter channel112can be a direct link between the mobile device102and the base station106or can include repeaters, amplifiers, or a combination thereof. For example, the transmitter channel112can include communication frequency, time slot, packet designation, transmission rate, channel code, or a combination thereof used for transmitting signals between the mobile device102and the base station106.

The mobile station102can receive signals from other unintended sources. The mobile station102can receive an interference signal114including interference content116from an interference source118. The interference content116is data unintended for communication at the receiving device. The interference content116can be similar to the communication content108but intended for communication with a different device120and received by the first device102or for a purpose not currently utilized by the first device102.

The interference source118can be any source generating signals unintended for a specific receiver. The interference signal114is data actually transmitted by the interference source118for communication and having a format for transmission. The interference signal114can be similar to the transmitter signal110and include bits or symbols representing modifications, such as by interleaving or adding formatting information, for the interference content116.

For example, the interference signal114can be transmissions intended for the difference device106but received at the mobile device102. Also for example, the interference signal114can include signals intended for communication with the mobile station102for a currently unrelated purpose or for a function currently not accessed on the mobile station102.

As a more specific example, the interference source118can include various transmitters, including a base station or a satellite dish, another mobile communication device, such as a smart phone or a laptop computer, broadcasting station, such as for television or radio, or a combination thereof. Also for example, the interference signal114can include wireless signals carrying voice or webpage information associated with a phone other than the mobile station102or broadcasted television signals when the mobile station102is not accessing the television viewing feature.

The interference signal114can traverse an interference channel122to arrive at the mobile station102. The interference channel122can be similar to the transmitter channel112but for the differences in characteristics due to geographical differences between the base station106and the interference source118, due to differences in method of communication or resources used between the transmitter signal110and the interference signal114, or a combination thereof.

For example, the interference channel122can be wireless, wired, or a combination thereof. The interference channel122can be an unintended direct link between the mobile device102and the interference source118, or include repeaters, amplifiers, or a combination thereof. Also for example, the interference channel122can include communication frequency, time slot, packet designation, transmission rate, channel code, or a combination thereof used for transmitting signals between the interference source and the different device120, and further accessible by the mobile device102.

The mobile station102can receive a receiver signal124. The receiver signal124is information received by a device in the communication system100. The receiver signal124can include the transmitter signal110that has been altered from traversing the transmitter channel112. The receiver signal124can further include the interference signal114that has been altered from traversing the interference channel122.

The communication system100can estimate a serving channel estimate126and an interference channel estimate128from the receiver signal124. The serving channel estimate126is a description of changes to signals caused by the transmitter channel112. The serving channel estimate126can describe and quantize reflection, loss, delay, refraction, obstructions, or a combination thereof a signal can experience while traversing between the base station106and the mobile device102. The serving channel estimate126can be a matrix value characterizing the transmitter channel112.

The interference channel estimate128is a description of changes to signals caused by the interference channel122. The interference channel estimate128can describe and quantize reflection, loss, delay, refraction, obstructions, or a combination thereof a signal can experience while traversing between the interference source118and the mobile device102. The interference channel estimate128can be a matrix value characterizing the interference channel122.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system100is described as communicating by transmitting from the base station106and receiving at the mobile device102. However, it is understood that the communication system100can also transmit from the mobile device102and receive at the base station106.

Referring now toFIG. 2, therein is shown an exemplary communication between the base station106and the mobile device102. The base station106can generate and transmit the transmission signal110corresponding to a word-set202. The word-set202is a grouping of the code word111ofFIG. 1. The word-set202can include the grouping including a quantity of code words, with the quantity corresponding to a number of antenna ports204being used to communicate the transmission signal110.

The antenna ports204are paths or interfaces for accessing individual antennas for communicating with another device. The antenna ports204can each include or connect a device for radiating or receiving radio waves.

Each of the antenna ports can use subcarriers206for transmitting the transmission signal110. The subcarriers206are a set of independent frequencies, phases, or a combination thereof for communicating with another device. The subcarriers206can be a set of frequencies that are orthogonal to each other.

The communication system100can use the subcarriers206and the antenna ports204to communicate the transmission signal110. The base station106can use the subcarriers206and the antenna ports204to transmit the transmission signal110.

The communication system100can use a space-frequency block-coding (SFBC) scheme208. The space-frequency block-coding scheme208is a method for arranging instances of the code word111across multiple antennas and frequencies. The space-frequency block-coding scheme208can include a pattern for the instances of the code word111based on the quantity of the antenna ports204.

For example, the base station106can include two instances of the antenna ports204for transmitting two instances of the code word111. The base station106can transmit a communication word210and a further word212as the communication content108ofFIG. 1or exclusive portions therein. The base station106can transmit using a communication port214and a further port216, with each port using a communication subcarrier218and a further subcarrier220.

Continuing with the example, the space-frequency block-coding scheme208can be represented as:

The terms ‘x0’ and ‘x1’ can represent the communication word210and the further word212, respectively, while ‘x0*’ can represent a complex-conjugate of the communication word210. The terms ‘port0’ and ‘port1’ can represent the communication port214and the further port216, respectively. First column of matrix values in Equation (1) can correspond to instances of the code word111transmitted using the communication subcarrier218. Second column of the matrix values in Equation (1) can correspond to instance of the code word111transmitted using the further subcarrier220.

The reference portion113ofFIG. 1can include information regarding whether a signal was transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. For example, the detail, the structure, the content, or a combination thereof for the reference portion113in the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114ofFIG. 1, or a combination thereof can indicate that the corresponding signal was transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The reference portion113can be specifically adapted or adjusted to include information regarding the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

It has been discovered that the reference portion113adapted or adjusted to include information regarding the space-frequency block-coding scheme208used to transmit signals provide increased accuracy and higher throughput. The adapted instance of the reference portion113can be used by the communication system100to comprehensively or jointly whiten and further process data across the subcarriers206within the receiver signal124ofFIG. 1. The comprehensive or joint whitening and processing can account for the correlated nature of signals or correlated portions within a signal due to the use of the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system100will be described as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system including two instances of the antenna ports204and using two instances of the subcarriers206for communicating two instances of the code word111in the word-set202. However, it is understood that the communication system100can include a different configuration. For example, the communication system100can include four antenna ports, four subcarriers, four code words, or a combination thereof as shown inFIG. 2.

The mobile device102can receive the receiver signal124corresponding to the transmitter signal110. The receiver signal124can include a communication subcarrier data222and a further subcarrier data224. The communication subcarrier data222is a portion in the receiver signal124corresponding to the communication subcarrier218. The communication subcarrier data222can be the data in the receiver signal124received through the communication port214, the further port216, or a combination thereof. The communication subcarrier data222can correspond to the communication word210, the further word212, a portion thereof, or a combination thereof.

The further subcarrier data224is a portion in the receiver signal124corresponding to the further subcarrier220. The further subcarrier data224can be the data in the receiver signal124received through the communication port214, the further port216, or a combination thereof. The further subcarrier data224can correspond to the communication word210, the further word212, a portion thereof, or a combination thereof.

For illustrative purposes, above elements of the communication system100has been described for the transmitter signal110in communicating between the base station106and the mobile device106. However, it is understood that the interference source118ofFIG. 1and the interference signal114can include the above described elements.

For example, the interference source118can include the antenna ports204, use the subcarriers206for one or more of the antenna ports204, or a combination thereof. The interference source118can transmit multiple instances of the code word111, as independent data or according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme.

Focusing on the transmitter signal110, the receiver signal124can be expressed as:

For Equation (2), ‘k’ can represent an index for the subcarriers206. For example, ‘k’ can represent a portion of the receiver signal124corresponding to the communication subcarrier218, such as the communication subcarrier data222, ‘k+1’ or ‘k′’ can represent a portion of the receiver signal124corresponding to the further subcarrier, such as the further subcarrier data224, or a combination thereof.

Further, the term ‘nt’ can represent a quantity of antennas on a transmitting device, such as the base station106or the interference source118, while ‘nr’ can represent a quantity of antennas on a receiving device, such as the mobile device102. The term xnr×1(k) can represent a transmitted symbol vector, such as in the interference signal114or the transmitter signal110, having a size of ‘nt×1’, while the term ‘ynr×1(k)’ can represent a received symbol vector, such as in the receiver signal124, having a size of ‘nt×1’.

Moreover, the term, ‘Hnr×nt(k)’ can represent an equivalent channel matrix having a size ‘nr×nt’, such as for the serving channel estimate126ofFIG. 1, the interference channel estimate128ofFIG. 1, or a combination thereof. The (i, j)th element for ‘Hnr×nt(k)’ can be denoted by ‘hi,j(k)’. The term vnr×1(k) can represent a circularly-symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) random noise vector having a size of ‘nr×1’.

The communication system100can comprehensively or jointly process the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224when the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof is transmitted according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The communication system100can comprehensively or jointly calculate covariance, whiten, detect, decode, or a combination thereof for data transmitted across the subcarriers206according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

For example, data transmitted over the communication subcarrier218and the further subcarrier220, such as the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224, can be processed together rather than independently or separately. As a more specific example, a set of processing steps or circuits can process, such as calculating, whitening, detecting, decoding, or a combination of processes based on both the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224.

The communication system100can comprehensively or jointly process each set of data transmitted over the subcarriers206instead of independently or separately processing the each set of data transmitted over the subcarriers206, such as using iterations or parallel processing separately corresponding to each set of the data. Details regarding the comprehensive or joint processing of data transmitted according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme208will be discussed below.

Referring now toFIG. 3, therein is shown an exemplary block diagram of the communication system100. The communication system100can include the first device102, the communication path104, and the second device106. The first device102can send information in a first device transmission308over the communication path104to the second device106. The second device106can send information in a second device transmission310over the communication path104to the first device102.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system100is shown with the first device102as a client device, although it is understood that the communication system100can have the first device102as a different type of device. For example, the first device102can be a server having a display interface.

Also for illustrative purposes, the communication system100is shown with the second device106as a server, although it is understood that the communication system100can have the second device106as a different type of device. For example, the second device106can be a client device.

For brevity of description in this embodiment of the present invention, the first device102will be described as a client device and the second device106will be described as a server device. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this selection for the type of devices. The selection is an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

The first device102can include a first control unit312, a first storage unit314, a first communication unit316, and a first user interface318. The first control unit312can include a first control interface322. The first control unit312can execute a first software326to provide the intelligence of the communication system100.

The first control unit312can be implemented in a number of different manners. For example, the first control unit312can be a processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) an embedded processor, a microprocessor, a hardware control logic, a hardware finite state machine (FSM), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a combination thereof. The first control interface322can be used for communication between the first control unit312and other functional units in the first device102. The first control interface322can also be used for communication that is external to the first device102.

The first control interface322can be implemented in different ways and can include different implementations depending on which functional units or external units are being interfaced with the first control interface322. For example, the first control interface322can be implemented with a pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), optical circuitry, waveguides, wireless circuitry, wireline circuitry, or a combination thereof.

The first storage unit314can store the first software326. The first storage unit314can also store the relevant information, such as data representing incoming images, data representing previously presented image, sound files, or a combination thereof.

The first storage unit314can include a first storage interface324. The first storage interface324can be used for communication between and other functional units in the first device102. The first storage interface324can also be used for communication that is external to the first device102.

The first storage interface324can include different implementations depending on which functional units or external units are being interfaced with the first storage unit314. The first storage interface324can be implemented with technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of the first control interface322.

The first communication unit316can enable external communication to and from the first device102. For example, the first communication unit316can permit the first device102to communicate with the second device106ofFIG. 1, an attachment, such as a peripheral device or a computer desktop, and the communication path104.

The first communication unit316can also function as a communication hub allowing the first device102to function as part of the communication path104and not limited to be an end point or terminal unit to the communication path104. The first communication unit316can include active and passive components, such as microelectronics or an antenna, for interaction with the communication path104.

The first communication unit316can include a first communication interface328. The first communication interface328can be used for communication between the first communication unit316and other functional units in the first device102. The first communication interface328can receive information from the other functional units or can transmit information to the other functional units.

The first communication interface328can include different implementations depending on which functional units are being interfaced with the first communication unit316. The first communication interface328can be implemented with technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of the first control interface322.

The first user interface318allows a user (not shown) to interface and interact with the first device102. The first user interface318can include an input device and an output device. Examples of the input device of the first user interface318can include a keypad, a touchpad, soft-keys, a keyboard, a microphone, an infrared sensor for receiving remote signals, or any combination thereof to provide data and communication inputs.

The first user interface318can include a first display interface330. The first display interface330can include a display, a projector, a video screen, a speaker, or any combination thereof.

The first control unit312can operate the first user interface318to display information generated by the communication system100. The first control unit312can also execute the first software326for the other functions of the communication system100. The first control unit312can further execute the first software326for interaction with the communication path104via the first communication unit316.

The second device106can be optimized for implementing an embodiment of the present invention in a multiple device embodiment with the first device102. The second device106can provide the additional or higher performance processing power compared to the first device102. The second device106can include a second control unit334, a second communication unit336, and a second user interface338.

The second user interface338allows a user (not shown) to interface and interact with the second device106. The second user interface338can include an input device and an output device. Examples of the input device of the second user interface338can include a keypad, a touchpad, soft-keys, a keyboard, a microphone, or any combination thereof to provide data and communication inputs. Examples of the output device of the second user interface338can include a second display interface340. The second display interface340can include a display, a projector, a video screen, a speaker, or any combination thereof.

The second control unit334can execute a second software342to provide the intelligence of the second device106of the communication system100. The second software342can operate in conjunction with the first software326. The second control unit334can provide additional performance compared to the first control unit312.

The second control unit334can operate the second user interface338to display information. The second control unit334can also execute the second software342for the other functions of the communication system100, including operating the second communication unit336to communicate with the first device102over the communication path104.

The second control unit334can be implemented in a number of different manners. For example, the second control unit334can be a processor, an embedded processor, a microprocessor, hardware control logic, a hardware finite state machine (FSM), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a combination thereof.

The second control unit334can include a second control interface344. The second control interface344can be used for communication between the second control unit334and other functional units in the second device106. The second control interface344can also be used for communication that is external to the second device106.

The second control interface344can be implemented in different ways and can include different implementations depending on which functional units or external units are being interfaced with the second control interface344. For example, the second control interface344can be implemented with a pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), optical circuitry, waveguides, wireless circuitry, wireline circuitry, or a combination thereof.

A second storage unit346can store the second software342. The second storage unit346can also store the such as data representing incoming images, data representing previously presented image, sound files, or a combination thereof. The second storage unit346can be sized to provide the additional storage capacity to supplement the first storage unit314.

For illustrative purposes, the second storage unit346is shown as a single element, although it is understood that the second storage unit346can be a distribution of storage elements. Also for illustrative purposes, the communication system100is shown with the second storage unit346as a single hierarchy storage system, although it is understood that the communication system100can have the second storage unit346in a different configuration. For example, the second storage unit346can be formed with different storage technologies forming a memory hierarchal system including different levels of caching, main memory, rotating media, or off-line storage.

The second storage unit346can include a second storage interface348. The second storage interface348can be used for communication between other functional units in the second device106. The second storage interface348can also be used for communication that is external to the second device106.

The second storage interface348can include different implementations depending on which functional units or external units are being interfaced with the second storage unit346. The second storage interface348can be implemented with technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of the second control interface344.

The second communication unit336can enable external communication to and from the second device106. For example, the second communication unit336can permit the second device106to communicate with the first device102over the communication path104.

The second communication unit336can also function as a communication hub allowing the second device106to function as part of the communication path104and not limited to be an end point or terminal unit to the communication path104. The second communication unit336can include active and passive components, such as microelectronics or an antenna, for interaction with the communication path104.

The second communication unit336can include a second communication interface350. The second communication interface350can be used for communication between the second communication unit336and other functional units in the second device106. The second communication interface350can receive information from the other functional units or can transmit information to the other functional units.

The second communication interface350can include different implementations depending on which functional units are being interfaced with the second communication unit336. The second communication interface350can be implemented with technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of the second control interface344.

The first communication unit316can couple with the communication path104to send information to the second device106in the first device transmission308. The second device106can receive information in the second communication unit336from the first device transmission308of the communication path104.

The second communication unit336can couple with the communication path104to send information to the first device102in the second device transmission310. The first device102can receive information in the first communication unit316from the second device transmission310of the communication path104. The communication system100can be executed by the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof. For illustrative purposes, the second device106is shown with the partition having the second user interface338, the second storage unit346, the second control unit334, and the second communication unit336, although it is understood that the second device106can have a different partition. For example, the second software342can be partitioned differently such that some or all of its function can be in the second control unit334and the second communication unit336. Also, the second device106can include other functional units not shown inFIG. 3for clarity.

The functional units in the first device102can work individually and independently of the other functional units. The first device102can work individually and independently from the second device106and the communication path104.

The functional units in the second device106can work individually and independently of the other functional units. The second device106can work individually and independently from the first device102and the communication path104.

For illustrative purposes, the communication system100is described by operation of the first device102and the second device106. It is understood that the first device102and the second device106can operate any of the modules and functions of the communication system100.

Referring now toFIG. 4, therein is shown a control flow of the communication system100. The communication system100can include a signal analysis module402, a covariance module404, a preparation module406, a signal processing module408, and a decoder module410.

The signal analysis module402can be coupled to the covariance module404, which can be coupled to the preparation module406. The preparation module406can be coupled to the signal processing module408, which can be coupled to the decoder module410.

The modules can be coupled to each other in a variety of ways. For example, one or more outputs from one module, such as the signal analysis module402or the preparation module406, can be connected to one or more inputs of another module, such as the signal processing module408or the covariance module404.

The signal analysis module402is configured to receive the receiver signal124ofFIG. 1. The signal analysis module402can receive the receiver signal124including the transmitter signal110ofFIG. 1and the interference signal114ofFIG. 1. The signal analysis module402can receive the receiver signal124for communicating the transmitter signal110corresponding to the communication content108ofFIG. 1. The interference signal114can be received incidental to receiving the transmitter signal110.

The signal analysis module402can receive the receiver signal124including signals transmitted based on the space-frequency block-coding scheme208ofFIG. 2. The signal analysis module402can receive the receiver signal124having the communication subcarrier data222ofFIG. 2and the further subcarrier data224ofFIG. 2. The communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224can be included in the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof for implementing the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The signal analysis module402by can receive the receiver signal124by recording the changes detected through the receiving antennas. The signal analysis module402can sample the voltage levels produced by the antennas in response to change in electro-magnetic flux levels.

The receiver signal124including the transmitter signal110and the interference signal114can be represented as:

The receiver signal124can be represented as ‘y(k)’, the serving channel estimate126ofFIG. 1can be represented by ‘H(k)’, and the communication content108can be represented by ‘x(k)’. Also, the interference channel estimate128ofFIG. 1can be represented as ‘G(k)’ and the interference content116ofFIG. 1can be represented as ‘z(k)’. The noise portion can be represented by ‘v(k)’. The terms in Equation (3) can be Equation (2) represented for both the transmitter signal110and the interference signal114.

The signal analysis module402can further characterize the transmitter channel112ofFIG. 1, the interference channel122ofFIG. 1, or a combination thereof. The signal analysis module402can to characterize the transmitter channel112, the interference channel122, or a combination thereof by estimating the serving channel estimate126, the interference channel estimate128, or a combination thereof based on the receiver signal124.

The signal analysis module402can estimate the serving channel estimate126, the interference channel estimate128, or a combination thereof using a variety of methods. For example, the signal analysis module402can use the reference portion113ofFIG. 1transmitted by the base station106ofFIG. 1to estimate the serving channel estimate126. The signal analysis module402can use the reference portion113transmitted by the interference source118ofFIG. 1to estimate the serving channel estimate126.

Continuing with the example, the details regarding the reference portion113, such as original frequency, phase, content, shape, or a combination thereof, can be predetermined by the communication standard, the communication system100, or a combination thereof. The signal analysis module402can compare the received instances of the reference communication to the predetermined parameters for the reference portion113. The signal analysis module402can use frequency or time domain transformation, convolution, transposition, basic mathematical operations, or a combination thereof with the predetermined or received instances of the reference communication, or both

Continuing with the example, the signal analysis module402can further calculate the changes in magnitude, frequency, phase, or a combination thereof in the reference portion113in the receiver signal124corresponding to the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof. The signal analysis module402can use various methods such as the least square method, the least mean square (LMS) method, or the minimum mean square error (MMSE) method to estimate the serving channel estimate126, the interference channel estimate128, or a combination thereof.

The signal analysis module402can also determine a signal profile412. The signal profile412is an identification of one or more transmission format included in the receiver signal124. The signal profile412can characterize the space-frequency block-coding scheme208in relation to the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof. The signal profile412can include one or more status represent the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The signal analysis module402can determine the signal profile412in a variety of ways. For example, the signal analysis module402can determine the signal profile412by analyzing status or information transmitted by the source identifying the transmission format. The signal analysis module402can identify status or format information based on the reference portion113for the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof indicating the space-frequency block-coding scheme208to determine the signal profile412. Also for example, the signal analysis module402can identify the signal profile412using the format portion or the header portion in the receiver signal124.

For further example, the signal analysis module402can determine the signal profile412based on covariance information resulting from the covariance module404. As a more specific example, the signal analysis module402can determine the signal profile412to indicate that the interference signal114was not transmitted with the space-frequency block-coding scheme208when the base covariance414is a block diagonal matrix.

Continuing with the example, the signal analysis module402can determine the signal profile412to indicate that the transmitter signal110, the interference signal114, or a combination thereof was transmitted with the space-frequency block-coding scheme208when one or more result from the signal analysis module402is a block diagonal matrix. The signal analysis module402can perform other similar calculations to determine the format for the transmitter signal110.

The signal analysis module402can receive the receiver signal124and the reference portions therein using the first communication unit316ofFIG. 3, the second communication unit336ofFIG. 3, or a combination thereof. The signal analysis module402can use the first control unit312ofFIG. 3, the second control unit334ofFIG. 3, or a combination thereof to estimate the serving channel estimate126, the interference channel estimate128, or a combination thereof. The signal analysis module402can store the serving channel estimate126, the interference channel estimate128, or a combination thereof in the first storage unit314ofFIG. 3, the second storage unit346ofFIG. 3, or a combination thereof.

After estimating one or more channels, the control flow can be passed from the signal analysis module402to the covariance module404. The control flow can be passed by having processing results of the signal analysis module402, such as the serving channel estimate126, the interference channel estimate128, or a combination thereof, pass from the signal analysis module402as input to the covariance module404, by storing the processing results at a location known and accessible to the covariance module404, by notifying the covariance module404, such as by using a flag, an interrupt, a status signal, or a combination, or a combination of processes thereof.

The covariance module404is configured to calculate a covariance using the receiver signal124. The covariance module404can calculate the covariance for the noise, the interference signal114, the communication signal110, data corresponding to the subcarriers206, such as the communication subcarrier data222or the further subcarrier data224, or a combination thereof.

The covariance module404can calculate a base covariance414, a joint-covariance416, or a combination thereof. The base covariance414is a measure of a relationship between interference and noise when a signal is transmitted without the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The base covariance414can be calculated based on the receiver signal124. The communication system100can use the base covariance414when the interference source118transmits the interference signal114without using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The covariance module404can calculate the base covariance414using:

The ‘Inr’ term can represent an identity matrix and ‘σ2’ can represent a noise variance.

The joint-covariance416is a measure of a relationship between interference and noise when a signal is transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The joint-covariance414can be calculated based on the receiver signal124, data corresponding to the subcarriers206therein, or a combination thereof. The communication system100can use the joint-covariance414when the interference source118transmits the interference signal114using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The covariance module404can calculate the joint-covariance416corresponding to the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The joint-covariance416can be for processing the receiver signal124corresponding to the interference signal114transmitted according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme208or for processing the receiver signal124corresponding to the transmitter signal110and the interference signal114, both transmitted according to the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The receiver signal124including the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208can be expressed as:

The terms in Equation (5) can be expansion of Equation (3) for including the data transmitted over the subcarriers206ofFIG. 2using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. If the base station106also uses the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, a model for the receiver signal124can be expressed as:

The based on the receiver signal124as represented in Equation (5) and Equation (6), the covariance module404can calculate the joint-covariance416using:

The term ‘R’ can represent the joint-covariance416. The term ‘G’ can represent a joint-interference profile418, which is the interference channel estimate128for the subcarriers206using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The covariance matrices corresponding to both Equation (5) and Equation (6) can be expressed using Equation (7).

The joint-interference profile418can be for comprehensively or jointly characterizing the data transmitted using the subcarriers206associated with the interference signal114based on the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The joint-interference profile418can be represented as:

The joint-covariance416can further have a joint-covariance size420. The joint-covariance size420can be an amount, an arrangement, such as a quantity of columns or rows, or combination thereof for data in the joint-covariance416. For example, the joint-covariance size420can be expressed as bytes, a matrix size, a number of columns therein, a number of rows therein, or a combination thereof.

The joint-covariance size420can be based on comprehensively or jointly whitening different portions within the receiver signal124, such as data transmitted over instances of the subcarriers206based on the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. Based on the comprehensive or joint whitening capability, the joint-covariance size420can be greater than a size of the base covariance414.

For example, the joint-covariance size420can have more bits or values, bigger matrix dimension, such as having more columns or rows, or a combination thereof. The joint-covariance size420being greater than the size of the base covariance414can be based on the fact that base covariance414represents covariance values individually for each of the subcarriers206, while the joint-covariance416represents covariance values collectively for a set of the subcarriers206.

The covariance module404can calculate either the base covariance414or the joint-covariance416based on the signal profile412. For example, the signal analysis module402can calculate the base covariance414, with or without calculating the joint-covariance416, when the interference signal114is transmitted without using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. Also for example, the signal analysis module402can calculate the joint-covariance416, with or without calculating the base covariance414, when the interference signal114is transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The covariance module404can use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to calculate the base covariance414, the joint-covariance416, or a combination thereof. The covariance module404can store the base covariance414, the joint-covariance416, or a combination thereof in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

After calculating the variance, the control flow can pass from the covariance module404to the preparation module406. The control flow can pass similarly as described above between the signal analysis module402and the covariance module404but using processing results of the covariance module404instead of results of the signal analysis module402.

The preparation module406is configured to generate a whitener for an interference whitening process, where correlated portions within the interference signal114are randomized. The preparation module406can generate a base whitener424, a joint-whitener426, or a combination thereof.

The base whitener424is a value or a set of values used in the whitening process when the interference signal114is transmitted without using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The base whitener424can randomize the communication subcarrier data222or the further subcarrier data224of the interference signal114.

The joint-whitener426is a value or a set of values used in the whitening process when the interference signal114is transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The joint-whitener426can randomize a combination of related portions within the receiver signal124, such as the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224, corresponding to the interference signal114.

The preparation module406can generate the base whitener424using the base covariance414. The preparation module406can generate the joint-whitener426using the joint-covariance416. The preparation module406can generate the joint-whitener426for de-correlating contents of the interference signal114to randomize the interference signal114by comprehensively or jointly whitening both the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224based on the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The base covariance414, the joint-covariance416, or a combination thereof can be expressed as:

The term ‘L(k)’ can represent a lower-triangular matrix. The preparation module406can calculate the lower-triangular matrix by computing the Cholesky decomposition of the base covariance414, the joint-covariance416, or a combination thereof.

The preparation module406can generate the base whitener424, the joint-whitener426, or a combination thereof using:

The term ‘W(k)’ can represent the base whitener424, the joint-whitener426, or a combination thereof.

The preparation module406can generate the base whitener424, the joint-whitener426, or a combination thereof based on the signal profile412. For example, the preparation module406can generate the base whitener424, with or without generating the joint-whitener426, for the interference signal114not based on the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. Also for example, the preparation module406can generate the joint-whitener426, with or without generating the base whitener424, for the interference signal114based on the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

The preparation module406can use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to generate the base whitener424, the joint-whitener426, or a combination thereof. The preparation module406can store the base whitener424, the joint-whitener426, or a combination thereof in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

After generating the whitener, the control flow can pass from the preparation module406to the signal processing module408. The control flow can pass similarly as described above between the signal analysis module402and the covariance module404but using processing results of the preparation module406instead of results of the signal analysis module402.

The signal processing module408is configured to detect the communication content108from the receiver signal124. The signal processing module408can have an independent processing module428and a group processing module430for detecting the communication content108.

The independent processing module408is configured to independently detect portions the communication content108from separately processing the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The independent processing module408can whiten and detect for the communication subcarrier data222and separately whiten and detect the further subcarrier data224. The independent processing module408can include a base whitening module432, an independent whitening module434, a base detection module436, and a independent detection module438.

The base whitening module432is configured to whiten the communication subcarrier data222. The base whitening module432can whiten the communication subcarrier data222using the base whitener424.

Since detection process assumes that the interference, the noise, or a combination thereof will be random, the base whitening module432can use the whitening process to de-correlate the interference signal114, the noise, or a combination thereof associated with the communication subcarrier data222. The base whitening module432can perform the whitening process by combining the base whitener424, such as by multiplying, adding, performing matrix operations, or a combination thereof, and the communication subcarrier data222.

The base whitening module432can generate a base whitened data440by combining the base whitener424and the communication subcarrier data222. The base whitened data440can include one or more portions previously corresponding to the interference signal114, the noise, or a combination thereof and having a block diagonal matrix as a covariance thereof after the whitening process.

The base whitening module432can use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to perform the whitening process. The base whitening module432can store the base whitened data440in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

The independent whitening module434is configured to whiten the further subcarrier data224. The independent whitening module434can perform the whitening process using the base whitener424for the further subcarrier data224. The independent whitening module434can combine the base whitener424and the further subcarrier data224to generate an independent whitened data442.

The independent whitening module434can whiten the further subcarrier data224separate from whitening the communication subcarrier data222. For example, the base whitening module432and the independent whitening module434can be two separate modules as shown inFIG. 4. Also for example, the base whitening module432and the independent whitening module434can be combined into one module and use multiple independent iterations for whitening the further subcarrier data224separate from whitening the communication subcarrier data222.

The independent whitening module434can use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to perform the whitening process. The independent whitening module434can store the independent whitened data442in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

The base detection module436is configured to detect a symbol, a bit, or a combination thereof from a result of whitening the communication subcarrier data222. The base detection module436can detect or initially process for a portion of the communication content108corresponding to the communication subcarrier data222. The base detection module436can use the base whitened data440to perform the detection process.

The base detection module436can detect the portion of the communication content108using a maximum likelihood (ML) mechanism. The base detection module436can detect the portion of the communication content108using:

The base whitened data440can be represented by ‘W(k)’. The receiver signal124or a portion therein, such as the communication subcarrier data222, can be represented by ‘y(k)’. The portion of the communication content108corresponding to the communication subcarrier data222resulting from the detection process can be represented as ‘x(k)’.

The base detection module436can use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to detect the portion of the communication content108. The base detection module436can store the portion of the communication content108resulting from the detection process in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

The independent detection module438is configured to a symbol, a bit, or a combination thereof from a result of whitening the further subcarrier data224. The independent detection module438can be similar to the base detection module436but for the further subcarrier data224instead of the communication subcarrier data222.

For example, the independent detection module438can detect or initially process for a further portion of the communication content108corresponding to the further subcarrier data224using the base whitened data440. Also for example, the independent detection module438can use Equation (11) with the further subcarrier data224corresponding to ‘y(k)’ to detect the further portion of the communication content108corresponding to the further subcarrier data224.

The independent detection module438can detect or initially process for the further portion of the communication content108separate from detecting for the portion of the communication content108corresponding to the communication subcarrier data222. For example, the independent detection module438and the base detection module436can be two separate modules as shown inFIG. 4. Also for example, the independent detection module438and the base detection module436can be combined into one module and use multiple independent iterations for performing the detection process based on the base whitened data440separate from the process based on the independent whitened data442.

The group processing module430is configured to comprehensively or jointly detect all or portions of the communication content108by comprehensively or jointly processing the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The group processing module430can simultaneously whiten and simultaneously detect both the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The group processing module430can include a conjugation module444, a joint whitening module446, and a joint detection module448.

The conjugation module444is configured to conjugate a set of data received from one of the subcarriers206when the space-frequency block-coding scheme208is used. The conjugation module444can conjugate either the communication subcarrier data222or the further subcarrier data224. The conjugation module can conjugate the data by altering frequency, phase, negating signs for values or portions of values, such as the portion corresponding to imaginary numbers.

For illustrative purpose, the communication system100will be discussed as conjugating the further subcarrier data224. However, it is understood that the communication system100can conjugate the communication subcarrier data222instead of the further subcarrier data224.

The joint whitening module446is configured to comprehensively or jointly whiten all data received using the subcarriers206with the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The joint whitening module446can whiten both the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224together in a comprehensive or joint manner, simultaneously involving both sets of data. The joint whitening module446can whiten the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224using the joint-whitener426.

Since detection process assumes that the interference, the noise, or a combination thereof will be random, the joint whitening module446can use the whitening process to de-correlate the interference signal114, the noise, or a combination thereof associated with the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The base joint whitening module446can perform the whitening process by combining the joint-whitener426, such as by multiplying, adding, performing matrix operations, or a combination thereof, with the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224.

The joint whitening module446can generate a joint-whitened data450based on the receiver signal124and the joint-whitener424. The joint whitening module446can generate the joint-whitened data450by combining the joint-whitener426, the communication subcarrier data222, and the further subcarrier data224. The joint-whitened data450can include one, multiple, or all portions previously corresponding to the interference signal114, the noise, or a combination thereof and having a block diagonal matrix as a covariance thereof after the whitening process.

The joint whitening module432can use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to perform the whitening process. The joint whitening module432can store the joint-whitened data450in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

The joint detection module448is configured detect a symbol, a bit, or a combination thereof from a result of comprehensively or jointly whitening both the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The joint detection module448can detect or initially process for the communication content108or portions therein corresponding to the communication subcarrier data222and the further subcarrier data224. The joint detection module448can use the joint-whitened data450to perform the detection process.

The joint detection module448can detect the communication content108or portions therein using the ML mechanism. When the serving cell does not use the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, the joint detection module448can detect communication content108or portions therein using:

When the serving cell uses the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, the joint detection module448can detect communication content108or portions therein using:

The joint detection module448use the first communication unit316, the second communication unit336, the first control unit312, the second control unit334, or a combination thereof to detect the communication content108or portions therein. The joint detection module448can store the communication content108or portions therein resulting from the detection process in the first storage unit314, the second storage unit346, or a combination thereof.

The signal processing module408can use the independent processing module428, the group processing module430, or a combination thereof to process various possible combinations of transmission formats involving the base station106and the interference source118, as indicated by the signal profile412. For example, the signal processing module408can process the receiver signal124corresponding to transmission when both the transmitter signal110and the interference signal114do not utilize the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, when only the transmitter signal110utilizes the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, when only the interference signal114utilizes the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, when both the transmitter signal110and the interference signal114utilize the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, or a combination thereof.

As a more specific example, when only the transmitter signal110utilizes the space-frequency block-coding scheme208, the signal processing module408can process the receiver signal124using both the independent processing module428and the group processing module430, or portions therein. For example, the covariance module404can calculate the base covariance414according to the signal profile412, and the preparation module406can generate the base whitener424accordingly.

Continuing with the example, the signal processing module408can independently whiten the receiver signal124. The signal processing408can pass the base whitened data440and the independent whitened data442to the joint detector module448for the detection process. The signal processing module408can further combine the base whitened data440and the independent whitened data442to calculate the joint-whitened data450, which can be passed to the joint detector module448.

After the whitening and the detecting process, the control flow can pass from the signal processing module408to the decoder module410. The control flow can pass similarly as described above between the signal analysis module402and the covariance module404but using processing results of the signal processing module408instead of results of the signal analysis module402.

The decoder module410is configured to process the output data of the base detector module436, the independent detector module438, the joint detector module448, or a combination thereof into the communication data108. For example, the decoder module410can make error corrections, interleave, de-interleave, process according to the coding scheme, such as turbo coding or polar coding, or a combination thereof for the detected data resulting from the base detector module436, the independent detector module438, the joint detector module448, or a combination thereof. Also for example, the decoder module410can be a Viterbi decoder or a sphere decoder.

The communication system100can use the base detector module436, the independent detector module438, the joint detector module448, the decoder module410, or a combination thereof to determine the communication content108. The communication system100can determine the communication content108from the joint-whitened data450, resulting from processing the receiver signal124including the interference signal114transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The communication system100can communicate the communication content108resulting from the decoding process of the decoder module410, such as by displaying or reproducing the content on the mobile device102.

It has been discovered that the signal profile412and the reference portion113adapted or adjusted to include information regarding the space-frequency block-coding scheme208provide increased accuracy and higher throughput. The adapted instance of the reference portion113and the signal profile412can be used by the communication system100to appropriately whiten and process the receiver signal124. The adapted instance of the reference portion113and the signal profile412can be used to utilize the comprehensive or joint processing better suited for the space-frequency block-coding scheme208without any unnecessary calculations.

It has also been discovered that the joint-covariance416, having the joint-covariance size420and the joint-interference profile418, and the joint-whitener426provide decreased error rate. The joint-covariance416, having joint-covariance size420and the joint-interference profile418, and the joint-whitener426can be used to comprehensively or jointly whiten portions within the interference signal114transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208. The comprehensive or joint whitening process using the joint-covariance416and the joint-whitener426can fully utilize the correlation in the interference signal114across the subcarriers206resulting from the space-frequency block-coding scheme208.

It has further been discovered that the joint-whitened data450and the joint detection module448provide increased transmission speed. The joint-whitened data450and the joint detection module448allow for the interference signal114transmitted using the space-frequency block-coding scheme208to be accurately de-correlated and correctly processed. The increased accuracy in signal processing can reduce retransmissions, which can lead to increase in the overall transmission speed.

The communication system100has been described with module functions or order as an example. The communication system100can partition the modules differently or order the modules differently. For example, functions of the covariance module404and the preparation module406can be combined. Also for example, calculation of the base covariance414, generation of the base whitener424, and the functions of the independent processing module428can be combined or grouped into a module. Similarly, calculation of the joint-covariance416, generation of the joint-whitener426, and the functions of the group processing module430can be combined or grouped into a module.

The modules described in this application can be hardware implementation or hardware accelerators, including passive circuitry, active circuitry, or both, in the first control unit316or in the second control unit338. The modules can also be hardware implementation or hardware accelerators, including passive circuitry, active circuitry, or both, within the mobile device102or the base station106but outside of the first control unit316or the second control unit338, respectively.

The physical transformation from the joint-covariance416, the joint-whitener426, and the signal profile412results in the movement in the physical world, such as content displayed or recreated for the user on the mobile device102. The content, such as navigation information or voice signal of a caller, recreated on the first device102can influence the user's movement, such as following the navigation information or replying back to the caller. Movement in the physical world results in changes to the interference signal114or interference channel estimate128, which can be fed back into the system to influence the content or a determination thereof.

Referring now toFIG. 5, therein is shown a flow chart of a method500of operation of a communication system100in an embodiment of the present invention. The method500includes: receiving a receiver signal for communicating a transmitter signal with an interference signal in a block502; calculating a joint-covariance corresponding to a communication subcarrier data and a further subcarrier data within the receiver signal in a block504; generating a joint-whitener based on the joint-covariance for randomizing the interference signal in a block506; and generating a joint-whitened data based on the receiver signal and the joint-whitener for communicating with a device in a block508.

It has been discovered that the reference portion113ofFIG. 1adapted or adjusted to include information regarding the space-frequency block-coding scheme208ofFIG. 2and the signal profile412ofFIG. 4provide increased accuracy and higher throughput. It has also been discovered that the joint-covariance416ofFIG. 4, having joint-covariance size420ofFIG. 4and the joint-interference profile418, ofFIG. 4and the joint-whitener426ofFIG. 4provide decreased error rate. It has further been discovered that the joint-whitened data450ofFIG. 4and the joint detection module448ofFIG. 4provide increased transmission speed.

The resulting method, process, apparatus, device, product, and/or system is straightforward, cost-effective, uncomplicated, highly versatile, accurate, sensitive, and effective, and can be implemented by adapting known components for ready, efficient, and economical manufacturing, application, and utilization. Another important aspect of an embodiment of the present invention is that it valuably supports and services the historical trend of reducing costs, simplifying systems, and increasing performance.

These and other valuable aspects of an embodiment of the present invention consequently further the state of the technology to at least the next level.