Alphanumeric and graphic water display

A liquid display that has a plurality of adjacent parallel tubes filled with a fluid and connected to a source of air that introduces bubbles into the tubes, so that the combination of bubbles form a word, or another recognizable graphic display. Each tube has a valve connected to the air supply, that controls the duration and flowrate of air injected into the tube so that a single bubble is formed within the tube. The valves are connected to a computer that opens and closes each valve to produce a pattern of bubbles in accordance with a computer program within the computer. The program creates a combination of bubbles that together depict a legible design or display.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a water display that can display graphic 
symbols such as letters and words. 
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
Electronic billboards are a popular means of communicating information to 
viewers. Such displays typically show a message or a series of messages. 
The utilization of such billboards range from a bank sign that provides 
the time and temperature, to a scoreboard at an athletic arena. While 
electronic displays are sufficient to relay the desired information, the 
displays are mechanical in appearance and do not provide an alternate 
aesthetic feature. 
Liquid displays such as "lava lamps" provide viewers with a source of 
amusement, wherein one can watch different patterns of bubbles floating up 
a fluid filled tube. The size and occurrence of the bubbles is usually 
quite random, producing an arrangement of bubbles that is incoherent to 
the typical human mind. It would be desirable to provide a liquid display 
that creates a plurality of bubbles that combine to form a visual image, 
such as a word or a company logo. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is a liquid display that has a plurality of adjacent 
parallel tubes filled with a fluid and connected to a source of air that 
introduces bubbles into the tubes. Each tube has a valve that controls the 
duration and flowrate of air injected into the tube, so that a single 
homogeneous bubble is formed. The flowrate and pressure are also such that 
the introduction of a bubble in a tube, will not disturb the movement of a 
bubble that is already floating up the tube. The valves are connected to a 
computer that opens and closes the valves of each tube, to produce a 
pattern of bubbles in accordance with a computer program within the 
computer. The program creates a combination of bubbles that together 
depict a legible design or display. In the preferred embodiment, the fluid 
is colored and the tubes are placed next to a wall so that the bubbles are 
distinguishable to the human eye. 
The display may also have an accumulator that vents off the air bubbles and 
resupplies the tubes with fluid. The accumulator is constructed so that 
the flow of air and fluid occurs without any sudden change of pressure in 
the system. A sudden pressure change would cause the bubbles to move or 
jump, which would decrease the predictability and quality of the display. 
Therefore it is an object of this invention to provide a liquid display 
that creates air bubbles which depict legible graphic displays. 
It is also an object of this invention to provide a liquid display that can 
create a series of bubbles that float up a tube, without having a sudden 
movement of any preceding bubbles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers, FIG. 1 
shows a liquid display 10 of the present invention. The display is 
preferably mounted to the wall 12 of a building structure 14 so that 
viewers 16 can easily see the graphic pattern 18 depicted by the display. 
As shown, the display 10 can be rather large and constructed to have a 
curvature, so that the of viewers 16 can see the pattern from different 
angles. Although a room size liquid display is shown, it is to be 
understood that a smaller version of the invention can be constructed. The 
display 10 has a plurality of adjacent fluid 20 filled tubes 22. Bubbles 
24 are introduced into the tubes, so that the bubbles 24 combine to form a 
picture or a word as shown in FIG. 1. The bubbles 24 are typically air 
which rises to the top of the tube 22. For For this reason the graphic 
pattern tends to rotate from the bottom to the top of the display 10. The 
display 10 could relay messages such as news information or the time of 
day, or the bubbles could form a company logo or another form of 
advertising. The fluid 20 is typically water which is preferably colored 
black, so that the bubbles 24 are clearly distinguishable from the fluid 
20. The tubes 22 can be placed next to a wall 26 that is white or another 
color, to further contrast the bubbles 24 from the fluid 20. As another 
embodiment, the wall 26 can be illuminated with a color that is 
complementary to the fluid 20. For instance, the wall 26 could emit red 
light and the fluid 20 can be dyed blue, so that the fluid appears black 
and the bubbles transmit the red light. 
FIG. 2 shows a single tube 22 of the present invention, The tube 22 is long 
and narrow and is filled with a fluid 20 along the longitudinal axis, 
Gravity pulls in the direction indicated by the arrow. The tube 22 is 
connected to an air tank 28 by an air line 30 and a fluid line 32. The air 
tank 28 is connected to a compressor 34, or another means of providing 
pressurized air 35 to the tank 28. In the preferred embodiment, the 
compressor 34 is an eductor which draws in air from the movement of fluid. 
The fluid stream is created by an hydraulic pump (not shown). The eductor 
is attached to a separator (not shown), which allows the air to separate 
from the fluid so that the air can be drawn by the tank 28. The eductor 
and separator provide a source of pressurized air that is not contaminated 
by oils, etc., typically associated with mechanical compressors. The oil 
could settle at the interface of the fluid and bubbles thereby distorting 
the display. 
The tank 28 has a float valve 36 that allows air to enter the tank only 
when the fluid 20 is below a predetermined level. The predetermined level 
of the float valve 36 is lower than the fluid level at the inlet of the 
air line 30, so that the pressure of the air 35 in the tank 28 is always 
higher than the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid 20 at the point where 
the air 35 is introduced into the tube 22. The higher air pressure insures 
that there is a positive flow from the tank 28 into the tube 22. The 
pressure differential between the air 35 and fluid 20 is low enough, so 
that the introduction of air 35 into the tube 22 does not cause a sudden 
movement in any bubbles already floating up the tube 22. It has been found 
that a pressure differential of approximately 2 inches of water creates a 
bubble 24 that will not cause a disturbance in the tube 22. 
Within the air line 30 is a valve 38 that controls the flow of air from the 
tank 28 to the tube 22. The valve 38 is connected to a controller 40 that 
provides a voltage to open the valve 38 for a predetermined amount of 
time. The valve 38 can also provide flow control, so that air flows into 
the tube 22 at a rate which creates a single homogeneous bubble 24 without 
disturbing any bubbles 24 that already exist in the tube 22. The 
controller 40 may be a computer with a computer program that opens and 
closes the valve 38 in accordance with the operating instructions of the 
program. Each tube 22 has a valve 38 that is controlled by the computer 
40, which opens the valves 38 and produces bubbles 24, so that the 
location of the bubbles 24 within each tube 22 are coordinated to create a 
predetermined pattern. 
The tubes 22 are connected to a reservoir 42 of fluid 20 that also allows 
communication between each tube 22, and between the tubes 22 and the air 
tank 28. The reservoir 42 and tubes 22 are connected to a pump 44 that 
pumps the fluid 20 through a filter 46 and heat exchanger 48 that clean 
and cool the fluid 20. The heat exchanger 48 is of such a capacity that 
the fluid 20 is kept at an essentially constant temperature, so that the 
fluid 20 has a constant viscosity. Having a consistent fluid viscosity 
produces a repeatable system, wherein the formation of the bubbles is 
predictable throughout the operation of the display. If the temperature of 
the fluid 20 were to change, then the size of each bubble 24 would also 
change accordingly. The reservoir 42 also has a head tank 90 with an air 
chamber 92 that is connected to the compressor 34. The compressor 34 draws 
air from the air chamber 92, which collects the air of the bubbles 24. The 
connection of the compressor 34 to the head tank 90 creates a closed 
system that prevents the air from becoming contaminated. 
As previously discussed the pressure of the air 35 in the tank 28 is 
slightly greater than the pressure of the fluid 20 at the air inlet 30. 
Because of this differential pressure, it is believed that the 
introduction of air 35 pushes the fluid 20 down the tube 22 and into the 
reservoir 42. As more air 35 is released into the tube 22, more fluid 20 
is displaced from the tube 22. When the bubble 24 rises to the top, the 
bubble 24 must be released, wherein the tube 22 is once again filled with 
fluid 20. To release the air and to refill the tube 22 with fluid 20, an 
accumulator 50 can be connected to the top of the tube 22. 
FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the accumulator 50. The accumulator 
50 has an inlet tube 52 generally located below the water level of the 
tube. The tube 22 is completely filled with fluid 20, wherein the pressure 
of the fluid at line c of the tube 22 is the same pressure as the pressure 
of the fluid in the reservoir 42 at the same level. An air line 54 extends 
from a first 56 and a second 58 take-up tank to the top of the tube 22. 
The air line 54 allows the bubbles 24 to bleed out of the tube 22. The 
take-up tanks are connected to the reservoir 42 by fluid lines 60. In the 
fluid lines 60 are four check valves 64, 66, 68 and 70, that allow fluid 
20 to flow only in the directions indicated by the arrows next to the 
valves in FIG. 2. The tanks are also connected to the head tank 90. Each 
take-up tank has a three-way valve, 72 and 74, that regulates the flow of 
air between the tube 22 and tanks, and between the tanks and the air 
chamber 92 of the head tank. The valves are preferably solenoid valves 
that are attached to a timer 76 that can energize and open each valve, 
such that the tanks are in communication with either the air line 54 or 
the head tank 90. The valves are 180 degrees out of phase with each other, 
so that when one tank is in communication with the air tube 54, the other 
tank is exposed to the air chamber 92. There is typically one timer 76 
connected to the tanks of each tube 22. The timer 76 is set so that the 
valves are switched, only when the tank in communication with the 
reservoir is completely filled with fluid. In the preferred embodiment, 
the switching time is greater than the time it takes to completely fill a 
tank. By switching only when the tank is full, the system insures that 
there is no air in the tank, so that there is not a sudden change in 
pressure when the tube is switched into fluid communication with the 
filled tank. 
To more easily describe the operation of the accumulator 50, an initial 
state will include having the first tank 56 full of fluid and in 
communication with the tube 54, and the second tank 58 partially full of 
fluid and exposed to the air chamber 92 as shown in FIG. 2. When a bubble 
24 rises to the top of the tube 22, the valve 72 in the first tank 56 
allows the pressurized air in the tube 22 to flow into the first tank 56, 
while fluid 20 in the first tank 56 flows into the tube 22. In the 
meantime, the second tank 58 is being filled with fluid 20 from the 
reservoir 42, which has a higher pressure than the tank 58. 
When the tank 58 is completely filled, the valve 74 receives an input 
signal from the timer 76, which switches the valve 74 so that the tank 58 
is in communication with the tube 22. The timer 76 also switches the valve 
72 simultaneously with the second valve 74, so that the first tank 56 is 
exposed to the head tank 90 which allows the pressurized air in the tank 
56 to flow into the air chamber. As shown in FIG. 3, while the air is 
bleeding from the first tank 56, the bubbles float into the second tank 58 
while fluid 20 flows from the tank 58 to the tube 22. The accumulator 50 
is preferably constructed as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, wherein the fluid 20 
flows from tank 58 along the top fluid line 60. The constant switching of 
the valves insures that air is always being bled from the tube 22 into the 
head tank 90. Switching the tanks only when the inactive tank is 
completely filled, allows the air to be released without suddenly creating 
a sudden pressure change in the system. This insures that the bubbles 24 
will rise in a smooth orderly fashion, so that there is not a sudden jump 
or rise in the bubbles 24 as they float up the tube 22. The check valves 
68 and 70 prevent air from entering the tanks through the fluid lines. 
Check valves 64 and 66 allow the take-up tanks to be filed by the 
reservoir 42 while preventing water from flowing to the reservoir 42, when 
the tanks are resupplying the tube 22. 
The display 10 is preferably constructed so that there are a plurality of 
adjacent tubes 22, with the longitudinal axis of the tubes being 
essentially parallel. Each tube 22 preferably has a separate accumulator 
50 and an air valve 38. The air valves 38 of each tube are all connected 
to a central controller 40. The controller 40 is typically a computer with 
a plurality of output terminals, wherein each air valve 38 is coupled to a 
pair of terminals. The controller 40 has a program that opens a 
predetermined number of air valves for a predetermined amount of time, so 
that the bubbles 24 created in each tube 22 combine to form a visual 
display. The controller 40 may be connected to an outside wire source and 
have a program to directly convert information to a visual display of 
bubbles, wherein real time news or other information may be relayed by the 
water display 10. 
In the preferred embodiment, the controller 40 is connected to a computer 
80, that is attached to a document scanner 82. The document scanner 82 
will scan a piece of paper and relay a bit map to the computer 80. The bit 
map is an array of digital signals that identify whether a given location 
of the paper (pixel) is white or dark. The computer 80 has memory means 
that stores the bit map. Computers 80 and scanners 82 that create and 
store such a bit map are known and commercially available. The computer 80 
has a computer program that provides operating instructions that sends 
data to the controller 40. The controller 40 opens the various valves 38 
depending upon the content of the data. The computer 80 typically sends 
data to the controller 40 corresponding to a single line on the document 
that was scanned. That is the data is sent line by line. Because there is 
usually less tubes than the number of scanned data points in a line, the 
computer program will output a data stream to the controller 40 that will 
correspond to the number of air valves 38. For example, if the scanner 
creates 64 data points for each line and there are 8 tubes, the computer 
80 will output to the controller 8 signals corresponding to every fourth 
data point. That is the controller will receive a digital signal that 
represents the color of the 1, 4, 8 . . . pixels across a line of the 
document. As the number of tubes are increased, so is the resolution of 
the display. The computer 80 delays sending the next line of data until 
the bubbles 24 have fully developed, such that each row of developed 
bubbles represents a line on the scanned document. 
The data sent by the computer 80 is typically sent through a serial port to 
the controller 40, which may have a number of shift registers to store the 
data until a complete line of data is received. The computer 80 preferably 
sends the data in byte format. Once the controller 40 receives all the 
data for a line, the registers are latched to send the data to each 
corresponding valve. For instance, a low voltage data signal (0) may 
correspond to a dark pixel on the scanned document. The low voltage signal 
is then sent to the controller 40 which for example may store the data in 
the first shift register. When the register is latched, the controller 
opens up the air valve connected to the first shift register, which 
creates a bubble corresponding to the dark spot on the scanned document. 
The computer 80 sends the data line by line as the valves 38 and tubes 22 
create a display simulating the print on the scanned document. This 
embodiment would allow the rapid display of a message provided by any 
bystander in a shopping mall or other public building. 
While certain exemplary embodiments have been described in detail and shown 
in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments 
are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and 
that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and 
arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may 
occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art.