DC touch control switch circuit

A switching circuit includes a source of direct current for operating an oscillator which in turn applies a signal to a detector circuit including a touch plate. The detector includes a voltage dividing capacitive system or, in one embodiment, a phase detector circuit. In either embodiments, the output signal from the phase detector circuit or the voltage divider provides a control signal which can be used for actuating a solid-state switch such as a transistor or the like for providing control functions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an electrical circuit and particularly to 
a touch controlled electrical switching circuit for portable direct 
current operation. 
There exists a variety of electrical switching circuits which respond to a 
person's touch on a touch pad which may be in the form of a lamp base or a 
specific surface area of an electrical appliance to be actuated. These 
circuits represent a convenient manner in which a consumer can easily 
operate an appliance without the need for manually actuating a 
conventional toggle or push-button switch. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,119,864 and 
4,360,737 are representative of existing touch control switch circuits. 
Many of these circuits and other similar circuits require the utilization 
of 60 Hz line voltage for their operation. In some cases the circuits 
require a 60 Hz induction field which induces a voltage applied to the 
circuit by the human body operating as an antenna for generating a control 
signal. 
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
The system of the present invention does not rely upon the utilization of a 
line frequency voltage source and as such can be operated as a portable 
touch control switch circuit where no alternating current voltage is 
available. Applications for the system of the present invention include 
vehicles such as automobiles, trucks, boats and airplanes. The system is 
not necessarily limited to, however, portable applications since it can 
likewise be used where ac power is available. 
Systems embodying the present invention include a source of direct current 
for operating an oscillator which in turn applies a signal to a touch 
plate coupled to a detector circuit. The detector includes a voltage 
dividing capacitive system or, in one embodiment, a phase detector 
circuit. In either embodiments, the output signal from the phase detector 
circuit or the voltage divider provides a control signal which can be used 
for actuating a solid-state switch such as triac or the like for providing 
control functions. When used in vehicles such as automobiles, the system 
can be used for actuating door locks, power windows, or other accessories. 
Thus, the touch control circuit of the present invention can be used in 
environments where alternating current voltage is not generally available. 
These and other features, objects and advantages of the present invention 
can best be understood by reference to the following description thereof 
together with the accompanying drawings in which:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring initially to FIG. 1 there as shown, a direct current (dc) powered 
touch control switch system 10 which utilizes a detector circuit including 
a voltage dividing capacitive circuit having a first capacitor 12 coupled 
in series with the body capacitance 14 of a person touching a touch plate 
15. Plate 15 is electrically coupled to base terminal 20 of PNP switch 
transistor 22 by a current limiting resistor 17. The touch plate 15 can be 
made of an electrically conductive material such as aluminum or the like 
and may be covered by a plastic overlie 16 which can carry printed indicia 
18 thereon identifying for example, the switch function. Thus, it is not 
necessary for the operator to actually touch the electrically conductive 
plate 15 but only come sufficiently close to add the body capacitance 14 
in series with the voltage dividing capacitor 12 which is coupled to an 
oscillator circuit 30 including a drive transistor 40. Oscillator 30 is an 
astable multi-vibrator comprising a pair of OR gates 32 and 34 coupled as 
invertors and cross-coupled by resistors 31, 33 and a capacitor 35 in a 
conventional manner as shown in the diagram. 
Resistor 36 applies the square wave output signal from the output of gate 
34 to the base terminal 42 of PNP transistor 40 which has an emitter 
terminal coupled to the +V supply. The +V supply represents the positive 
terminal of a dc supply voltage such as a vehicle battery. Transistor 40 
has a collector terminal 43 coupled to ground 11 which for example, is the 
negative terminal of the +V source (i.e. vehicle battery) by means of 
resistor 44. Ground 11 typically will comprise a relatively large 
conductive area such as the vehicle chassis coupled to the negative 
terminal of the vehicle battery which is necessary for operation of the 
system. Circuits 32 and 34 are part of an integrated circuit which is 
supplied operating power from the +V supply in a conventional manner. A 
circuit such as a commercially available model CD 4070 BE or MC 14070 BCP 
can be employed for circuits 32 and 34 and the remaining invertor circuits 
50 and 52 coupled as a Schmitt trigger as described below. 
The square wave signal applied to base terminal 42 of transistor 40 causes 
transistor 40 to conduct providing a positive going signal to the junction 
of capacitor 12 with collector terminal 43 which is coupled to the emitter 
terminal 21 of transistor 22. Base terminal 20 is coupled to the emitter 
terminal 21 by resistor 24 such that unless capacitance 14 is present by 
the user touching or coming proximate to touch plate 15, transistor 22 
will not be forward biased and will not conduct. Thus, when plate 15 is 
not touched, the output signal at collector terminal 23 and across a pulse 
stretcher circuit comprising resistor 26 and capacitor 28 will be zero 
volts. When, however, a person touches plate 15 thereby coupling capacitor 
14 in series with capacitor 12, the ac voltage applied to base terminal 20 
will be lower than the voltage applied to the emitter 21 thereby forward 
biasing transistor 22 into pulsed conduction. This tends to charge 
capacitor 28 providing a positive dc voltage to the Schmitt trigger 
circuit 60. A diode 25 is coupled across the base to emitter junction of 
transistor 22 to provide protection against reverse breakover voltage. 
The Schmitt trigger 60 comprises serially coupled inverter circuits 50 and 
52 with feedback resistor 51 coupled from the output of invertor 52 to the 
input of invertor 50 and to capacitor 28 through resistor 54. Thus, when 
plate 15 or its coating 16 is touched, the dc level across to the input of 
Schmitt trigger 60 will rise to a level sufficient for the Schmitt trigger 
circuit to trigger providing a positive going output pulse at output 
terminal 70 of the circuit. This control output signal can be employed as 
a control input for a conventional solid-state switch circuit 72 shown in 
block form in the figure which may include a transistor or the like 
coupled between the +V supply and a load 74 such as a power window motor, 
door lock or the like. The system can also be employed for controlling an 
alternating current (ac) load 74 by coupling the load and switching 
circuit 72 to the ac supply independently of the +V supply. 
In the preferred embodiment of the invention Resistors 31 and 33 are 10 
megohms and 1 megohm, respectively while capacitor 35 is 0.001 microfarad 
(mfd). Resistors 36 and 44 are 4.7 kilo-ohms and 1 kilo-ohm, respectively 
while resistor 17 was 10 megohms. Resistor 24 was 4.7 megohms while 
capacitor 12 was 100 picofarads. The body capacitance 14 typically ranges 
from 100-300 picofarads. Resistor 26 is 100 kilo-ohms while capacitor 28 
is 0.01 microfarads. Resistor 54 is 100 kilo-ohms, while resistor 51 is 1 
megohm. 
Referring now to the FIG. 2 embodiment of the invention, circuit 100 like 
circuit 10 includes an oscillator circuit 110 comprising a pair of 
exclusive OR gates 102 and 104 each having one input terminal coupled to a 
dc voltage suppl V.sub.DD. The remaining input terminals of gates 102 and 
104 are coupled to each other by resistors 106 and 108 the junction of 
which are coupled to the output terminal 115 of gate 104 by feedback 
capacitor 112. Oscillator 110 provides at output terminal 115 a 1 kHz 
square wave signal. 
A power supply 120 is coupled to the +V supply such as the battery of a 
vehicle at one input terminal 122 and to the chassis ground 124 of the 
vehicle. An input resistor 126 couples the +V source to a voltage 
regulating Zener diode 128 for regulating the dc voltage thereacross. The 
voltage is filtered by a capacitor 130 in a conventional manner to provide 
the V.sub.DD output voltage which is somewhat lower than the input 
voltage. The ground terminal of supply 120 comprises the V.sub.SS supply 
indicated in circuit 100. 
Output terminal 115 of oscillator 110 is commonly coupled to the two input 
terminals 140 and 142 of a detector circuit including an exclusive OR gate 
145 by series coupled resistors 144 and 146. The square wave signals 
applied to input terminals 140 and 142 will be substantially in exact 
phase when the touch plate 15 is not touched by a person and therefore 
body capacitance 14 not in the circuit. The exclusive OR gate in such 
circumstance will provide a logic "0" output for all polarities of these 
identical voltages applied to input terminals 140 and 142. 
Upon touching the touch plate 15 or coating 16 the body capacitance 14 
couples terminal 142 to ground by means of resistor 148 to cause a slight 
phase shift of the signal applied to input terminal 142. Thus, during at 
least a portion of each cycle of the input voltage, gate 145 will provide 
a dc output or a logic "1" output pulse which is applied to charge 
capacitor 150 through the forward biased diode 149. Typically, gate 145 
will detect the dissimilar voltages applied during the leading edge of the 
square wave 1 kHz signals supplied by oscillator 110. The output signal 
from gate 145 thus, will be 1 kHz dc pulses when capacitance 14 is in the 
circuit or 0 volts when plate 15 is not touched. These output signals are 
applied to a pulse stretcher circuit 160 which includes an exclusive OR 
gate 162 having one terminal coupled to the junction of diode 149 and 
capacitor 150 and the remaining input terminal coupled to V.sub.SS. A 10 
megohm resistor 151 is coupled across diode 149 to permit the discharge of 
capacitor 150. 
The pulse stretcher circuit 160 responds to the positive output pulses from 
gate 145 to initially trigger gate 162 through the application of voltage 
from diode 149. As the gate 145 output returns to a zero logic state, 
capacitor 150 which now is partially charged maintains the input terminal 
161 of gate 162 high thereby maintaining the output at terminal 170 at a 
logic "1" level until such time as the pulsing signal from gate 145 
discontinues when the operator releases contact with touch plate 15 and 
allows capacitor 150 to fully discharge. 
The output signal at terminal 170 like the signal at terminal 70 of the 
FIG. 1 embodiment is coupled to the control input terminal of a suitable 
solid-state switch such as switch 72 as shown in FIG. 1 which is suitably 
coupled to a load 74 for providing a desired control function. 
Thus, in both of the embodiments, a soft touch capacitive type switch 
control system is provided which can be operated from a dc voltage source 
without the need for an alternating current source. These circuits are 
particularly well adapted for use in the automotive environment or for 
other vehicles. It will become apparent to those skilled in the art that 
various modifications to the preferred embodiments of the invention as 
disclosed herein can be made without departing from the spirit or scope 
thereof as defined by the appended claims.