Combination manway cover and emergency pressure relief apparatus

A combination manway cover and pressure relief apparatus (2) for a tank (4) having a manway opening (14) and containing a fluid. A body (12) covers the manway opening and is guided and biased along a substantially vertical, linear path (16). The body is guided along the path by bolts (18) which pass through a plurality body, gasket and flange bolt holes (22, 23, 24). The weight of the body biases the body along the path toward the manway opening. Pressure relief for the tank is provided when the fluid pressure within the tank moves the body away from the manway opening.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to the field of manway covers and emergency 
pressure relief apparatus for tanks. Industrial tanks often store volatile 
fluids or gasses and therefore must be substantially vapor tight. Manways 
are provided for entry of personnel into the tank for cleaning and 
inspection. The manway is covered during normal operation with a manway 
cover to prevent the stored contents from escaping. Known manway covers 
are secured to the tank with nuts and bolts. 
Tanks also often include pressure relief apparatus for relieving pressure 
in the tank. Pressure buildup can result from overpressure delivered by 
charging devices, such as pumps or compressors, or may result from 
increased temperature during an emergency event, such as a fire. It is 
necessary to limit the amount of pressurization within a tank; an 
excessively high pressure could result in the tank exploding with 
disastrous consequences. Conventional pressure relief valves are mounted 
to a pressure relief vent pipe extending from the tank interior to prevent 
excessive pressure build-up. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention provides a combination manway cover and pressure 
relief apparatus as a single unit. This eliminates the need for a separate 
pressure relief apparatus and the associated vent pipe. 
The combination manway cover and pressure relief apparatus includes a body 
sized to cover the manway opening at the upper end of the manway tube of 
the tank. 
The body includes structure for guiding the body along a path towards and 
away from the upper end of the manway tube. The body seals the upper end 
when it is at a sealed position resting against the upper end and opens a 
fluid pathway when it is at a vent position spaced apart from the upper 
end. In the preferred embodiment bolts are used to guide the body in a 
substantially vertical, linear path. Preferably, both a flange of the tank 
and the body include a plurality of bolt holes through which bolts pass. 
The bolt heads may be secured, such as by welding, to the body preventing 
removal of the bolts and facilitating installation and removal of the 
nuts. 
The body is also biased toward the sealed position at one end of the path. 
Preferably, the weight of the body acts as all or a substantial portion of 
the biasing mechanism. Other biasing mechanisms, such as a spring or a 
cantilever arm, could be used in addition to or instead of the weight of 
the body. 
Pressure relief is provided when the pressure force exerted on the body 
exceeds the biasing force causing the body to lift off the manway opening 
from the sealed position toward the vent position. By selecting an 
appropriate biasing mechanism (typically, just the weight of the body), 
and manway opening size, the body will lift from the manway opening at a 
predetermined pressure of the fluid. In the preferred embodiment, wherein 
the biasing force is the weight of the body, the body moves away from the 
manway opening when the pressure force exerted on the body exceeds the 
weight of the body. 
The bolts are preferably threaded a thread length which is smaller than a 
thread distance necessary to lock a nut to the bottom of the tank flange. 
The threads are cut in such a manner to ensure that the nuts cannot be 
locked thereby permitting the body to move away from the manway opening. 
The problem of manway covers having nuts and bolts which are easily 
tampered with is overcome in accordance with the present invention by 
providing a guard extending from a bottom side of the manway cover. The 
guard extends downwardly from the body to a position generally aligned 
with or somewhat below the ends of the bolts. This prevents tampering with 
the bolts using a conventional wrench. A special wrench, which wraps 
around the guard, is used to tighten and loosen the nuts. The guard also 
helps to keep rain away from the joint between the body and the upper end 
of the manway tube. 
Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear from the 
following description in which the preferred embodiment has been set forth 
in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
FIG. 1 illustrates a combination manway cover and pressure relief apparatus 
2 for a tank 4. Tank 4 includes a manway tube 6. 
FIG. 2 illustrates a side cross-section view of the combination manway 
cover and pressure relief apparatus 2 supported by manway tube 6. Manway 
tube 6 includes a flange 8 at an upper end 10. Apparatus 2 includes a body 
12 and a gasket 13 which rests on flange 8 and sealingly supports body 12 
on upper end 10. Gasket 13 improves mating and sealing between body 12 and 
flange 8. 
Upper end 10 defines a manway opening 14. Manway tube 6 is sized to permit 
entry of personnel into tank 4 and preferably has an 18"-24" diameter. 
Manway tube 6 may take any shape with the preferred shape being 
cylindrical. Manway tube 6 does not have to extend any significant height 
and may, in fact, be nearly flush with tank 4. 
Body 12 is guided along a path 16 which leads both toward and away from 
manway opening 14 between the sealing position of FIG. 2 and the vent 
position of FIG. 3. Body 12 separates from manway opening 14 by its 
movement along path 16 towards the vent position to provide pressure 
relief for tank 4. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2 path 16 is linear 
and vertical. Path 16 may take any other shape including curved, circular, 
or arcuate so long as path 16 leads to and from manway opening 14. 
Body 12 is guided along path 16 in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2 using 
a number of bolts 18 and nuts 20. Bolts 18 and nuts 20 extend through 
body, gasket and flange bolt holes 22, 23, 24. The orientation of bolts 18 
define a substantially linear, vertical path 16 along which body 12 moves. 
Using bolts 18 and nuts 20 with corresponding holes 22, 23, 24 is 
preferred since the arrangement can be used with tanks fitted for 
conventional manway covers. 
Various other equivalent cover guides could also be used. One such 
equivalent guiding mechanism for guiding body 12 along a linear, vertical 
path 16 includes vertical slots on tank 4 and vertical tabs on body 12 
with the vertical slots guiding the tabs in a generally linear, vertical 
path 16. Another equivalent guiding mechanism includes vertical guides on 
tank 4 adjacent a sidewall of body 12. Yet another mechanism for guiding 
body 12 along a circular path includes a hinged connection between body 12 
and tank 4. 
Body 12 is biased along path 16 towards the sealing position by 
substantially only the weight of body 12. Thus, body 12 lifts vertically 
off manway opening 14 when the pressure force exerted on body 12 by the 
fluid in the tank exceeds the weight of body 12. 
Body 12 provides pressure relief for tank 4 by separating from tank 4 at a 
predetermined pressure of fluid (gas or liquid) contained in tank 4. 
Separation of body 12 from tank 4 permits pressurized fluid to escape 
thereby relieving pressure buildup in tank 4. As noted above, preferably 
substantially only the weight of body 12 resists separation of body 12 
from upper end 10 of manway tube 6. Pressure relief at the predetermined 
pressure is obtained by selecting an appropriate weight of body 12 and 
size of manway opening 14. 
In some cases, the weight of body 12 may be too great or too little to 
achieve the proper pressure relief. Other biasing mechanisms may bias body 
12 either toward or away form manway opening 14 along path 16. One such 
equivalent biasing mechanism is a cantilevered arm having a fixed end 
supported on tank 4 and a free end extending over body 12. The cantilever 
arm resists lifting of body 12 from manway opening 14. The cantilever arm 
may also be slidable for variable resistance and therefore variable 
pressure relief. One or more springs may be used to bias body 12 either 
toward or away from manway opening 14. The spring arrangement may also be 
adjustable for varying resistance or assistance in lifting body 12 from 
manway opening 14. 
FIG. 3 shows body 12 separated from upper end 10 opening a fluid pathway 
for pressure relief. To ensure that body 12 is able to lift from manway 
opening 14, bolts 18 are threaded only a thread length 26 from a threaded 
end 28 as shown in FIG. 2. Thread length 26 is smaller than a thread 
distance 30 necessary to lock nut 20 to a bottom surface 32 of flange 8. 
In this manner nuts 20 cannot be locked to bottom surface 32 of flange 8 
so that body 12 can lift from manway opening 14. Nuts 20 also ensure that 
body 12 cannot completely separate from tank 4. If bolts 18 did not have 
nuts 20 limiting the distance body 12 can move, body 12 could pop off tank 
4 during a sudden increase in pressure presenting a significant hazard to 
nearby personnel. 
Preferably, bolts 18 are secured to body 12. FIG. 2 shows a bolt head 34 
seal welded to an upper side 36 of body 12. Body 12 also has a lower side 
42 positioned adjacent gasket 13. Gasket 13 is preferably not sticky since 
additional adhesion between gasket 13 and a top surface 44 of flange 8 can 
affect the predetermined relief pressure. 
Combination manway cover and pressure relief apparatus 2 also includes a 
guard 46 as shown in FIG. 2. Guard 46 prevents easy tampering with bolts 
18 and nuts 20 using a conventional wrench. Guard 46 extends downwardly 
from an outer circumference of body 12 toward tank 4. Guard 46 preferably 
extends substantially vertically but could be secured to body 12 in an 
angular orientation. Guard 46 preferably extends at least as far as 
threaded end 30 to prevent access to nuts 20 using a conventional 
open-ended wrench. Guard 46 also helps to keep rain away from manway 
opening 14. Guard 40 may also be used with conventional manway covers. 
Modification and variation can be made to the disclosed embodiment without 
departing from the subject of the invention as defined by the following 
claims. For example, guard 46 could be used for guiding body 12 if 
positioned adjacent flange 8.