Bicycle wheel

A bicycle wheel basically has a hub, a plurality of spokes extending outwardly from the hub and an annular rim coupled to the outer ends of the spokes for supporting a tire. The annular rim has a spoke attachment portion with a plurality of openings and radially extending recesses for receiving the outer end portions of the spokes therein. The outer end portions of the spokes are at least partially recessed within the radially extending recesses to provide an aerodynamic design. The outer end portions of the spokes are preferably bent such that first sections of the spokes are offset from sections of the spokes. These bends are positioned in the openings of the rims to retain the outer ends of the spokes in the openings of the rim. In selected embodiments, the offset section between the first and second sections is either thicker or corrugated.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention generally relates to a bicycle wheel with a hub adapted to 
be mounted to a bicycle frame, an annular rim and a plurality of spokes 
extending inwardly from the rim to the hub. More specifically, the present 
invention relates to the connection between the spokes and the rim of the 
bicycle wheel. 
2. Background Information 
Bicycling is becoming an increasingly more popular form of recreation as 
well as a means of transportation. Moreover, bicycling has also become a 
very popular competitive sport for both amateurs and professionals. 
Whether the bicycle is used for recreation, transportation or competition, 
the bicycle industry is constantly improving the various components of the 
bicycle. One particular component of bicycles, which has been extensively 
redesigned over the past years, is the bicycle wheel. Bicycle wheels are 
constantly being redesigned to be lightweight and more aerodynamic in 
design as well as to be simple to manufacture and assemble. 
There are many different types of bicycle wheels, which are currently 
available on the market. The most basic bicycle wheels have a hub portion, 
a plurality of spokes and an annular rim. The hub portion is attached to a 
part of the frame of the bicycle for relative rotation. The inner ends of 
the spokes are coupled to the hub and extend outwardly from the hub. The 
annular rim is coupled to the outer ends of the spokes and has an outer 
portion for supporting a pneumatic tire thereon. Typically, the spokes of 
the bicycle wheel are thin metal wire spokes. The ends of the hub are 
provided with a flange that is used to coupled the spokes to the hub. In 
particular, holes are provided in the hub flanges. The wire spokes are 
usually bent on their inner end and provided with a flange that is formed 
in the shape of a nail head. The inner end is supported in one of the 
holes in one of the hub flanges. The outer ends of the spokes typically 
are provided with threads for engaging spoke nipples, which secure the 
outer ends of the wire spokes to the rim. In particular, the spoke nipples 
have flanges, which engage the interior surface of the rim. 
With a spoke constructed in this manner, the nipple is installed in a 
nipple hole formed in the rim, the spoke is inserted through the hole of 
the hub flange with the flange of the inner end of the spoke engaging the 
hole of the hub flange. The male threads on the outer ends of the spokes 
are threaded into the female threads of the spoke nipples installed in the 
openings of the rim. One problem with conventional spokes is the 
concentrated stress applied to the rim. Specifically, conventional spokes 
are attached to the inner edge of the rim. Thus, the amount of force that 
can be applied to the rim by the spokes depends upon the thickness of the 
inner edge of the rim. In order to accommodate the stress from the spokes, 
the inner edge of the rim can be made thicker. However, the increases the 
weight of the rim. Moreover, conventional spokes are not very aerodynamic 
in design. 
In view of the above, there exists a need for an improved bicycle wheel, 
which is lightweight yet strong and which is more aerodynamic in design to 
reduce air resistance. This invention addresses this need in the prior art 
as well as other needs, which will become apparent to those skilled in the 
art from this disclosure. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
One object of the present invention is to provide a bicycle wheel with a 
more aerodynamic design to reduce air resistance. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a bicycle wheel, 
which is lightweight in design. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a bicycle wheel with 
fewer spokes extending between the rim and the hub. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a bicycle wheel, 
which is can be relatively easy to manufacture by conventional 
manufacturing techniques. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a bicycle 
wheel, which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture in comparison to 
other performance bicycle wheels. 
The present invention can basically be obtained by providing a spoked rim 
assembly, comprising an annular rim and a plurality of inwardly extending 
spokes in which the spokes are received in recesses of the rim. In 
particular, the annular rim has an outer annular surface configured to 
receive a tire thereon, a pair of oppositely facing spoke attachment 
portions extending radially inwardly from said outer annular surface, and 
an inner annular surface extending between said spoke attachment portions. 
The spoke attachment portions are provided with a plurality of 
circumferentially arranged openings and a plurality of radially extending 
recesses located inwardly adjacent of each of the openings. Each of the 
spokes has an outer end portion, a center portion and an inner end 
portion. The outer end portion is at least partially positioned within one 
of the openings and one of the recesses of the annular rim. The center 
portion is located radially inwardly of the outer end portion, while the 
inner end portion is located radially inwardly of the center portion. 
The foregoing objects can also be attained by providing a spoked rim 
assembly comprising an annular rim and a plurality of inwardly extending 
spokes in which the outer end portion of each of the spokes has a first 
predetermined width that is at least ten times the first predetermined 
thickness of the outer end portion. In particular, the annular rim has an 
outer annular surface configured to receive a tire thereon, a pair of 
oppositely facing spoke attachment portions extending radially inwardly 
from said outer annular surface, and an inner annular surface extending 
between said spoke attachment portions. The spoke attachment portions are 
provided with a plurality of circumferentially arranged openings. Each of 
the spokes has an outer end portion, a center portion and an inner end 
portion. The outer end portion is at least partially positioned within one 
of the openings of the annular rim. The outer end portion of each spoke 
has its first predetermined width extending in a first direction and its 
first predetermined thickness extending in a second direction, which is 
substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The first 
predetermined width of the outer end portion is at least ten times the 
first predetermined thickness of the outer end portion. The center portion 
is located radially inwardly of the outer end portion, while the inner end 
portion is located radially inwardly of the center portion. The center 
portion has a second predetermined width in the first direction and a 
second predetermined thickness in the second direction. The inner portion 
is coupled to the center portion, and is located radially inwardly of the 
center portion. 
The foregoing objects can also be attained by providing a bicycle rim 
comprising an outer annular surface, a pair of oppositely facing spoke 
attachment portions and an inner annular surface in which the spoke 
attachment portions have circumferentially arranged openings and a 
radially extending recess located inwardly adjacent each of the openings 
in the rims. The outer annular surface is configured to receive a tire 
thereon. The spoke attachment portions extend radially inwardly from the 
outer annular surface, while the inner annular surface extends between the 
spoke attachment portions. 
The foregoing objects can also be attained by providing a bicycle spoke 
comprising an outer end portion, a center portion and an inner portion in 
which the outer end portion has a first predetermined width that is at 
least ten times the first predetermined thickness of the outer end 
portion. In particular, the outer end portion of the spoke is configured 
to be received within an opening formed in a rim. The outer end portion of 
each spoke has its first predetermined width extending in a first 
direction and its first predetermined thickness extending in a second 
direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction. 
The first predetermined width of the outer end portion is at least ten 
times the first predetermined thickness of the outer end portion. The 
center portion is coupled to the outer end portion, and is located 
radially inwardly of the outer end portion. The center portion has a 
second predetermined width in the first direction and a second 
predetermined thickness in the second direction. The inner portion is 
coupled to the center portion, and is located radially inwardly of the 
center portion. 
The present invention can be utilized in either front or rear wheels, and 
can have any number of spokes as needed and/or desired. 
Other objects, advantages and salient features of the invention will become 
apparent from the following detailed description, which, taken in 
conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses preferred embodiments of 
the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, a front bicycle wheel 10 is 
illustrated in accordance with one embodiment the present invention (FIG. 
1), and a rear bicycle wheel 12 is illustrated in accordance with another 
embodiment the present invention (FIG. 2). Front wheel 10 has a central 
hub 20a, a plurality of outwardly extending spokes 22a and an annular rim 
24a with a pneumatic tire 26a coupled thereto in a conventional manner. 
Similarly, rear bicycle wheel 12 has a rear hub 20b, a plurality of 
outwardly extending spokes 22b and an annular rim 24b with a pneumatic 
tire 26b coupled thereto in a conventional manner. Basically, the overall 
constructions of front bicycle wheel 10 and rear bicycle wheel 12 are 
substantially identical, except that rim and hub have been modified to 
accommodate a different number of spokes. 
In the first embodiment shown herein, front bicycle wheel 10 has twelve 
spokes 22a, while rear bicycle wheel 12 has sixteen spokes 222b. Of 
course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this 
disclosure that the front and rear wheels 10 and 12 can have the same 
number of spokes as well as fewer or more spokes than illustrated. In view 
of the similarities between front bicycle wheel 10 and rear bicycle wheel 
12, only front bicycle wheel 10 will be discussed and illustrated in 
detail herein. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the 
art from this disclosure that the description pertaining to the 
construction of front wheel 10 also applies to rear bicycle wheel 12. 
Referring now to FIG. 3, front hub 20a has a cylindrical hub shell 28a that 
is rotatably supported on a hub axle 30a in a substantially conventional 
manner. The hub shell 28a has a pair of flanges located at its opposite 
ends, with three outwardly extending spoke attachment parts 32a on each 
flange. Spoke attachment parts 32a are designed to receive two spokes 22a 
therein as explained below. In particular, each spoke attachment part 32a 
preferably has a pair of stepped bores or through holes 34a for coupling a 
pair of spokes 22a to each of the spoke attachment parts 32a. Of course, 
each of the spoke attachment parts 32a could have fewer/more spokes 22a 
coupled thereto as needed and/or desired. The number and shape of the 
spoke attachment parts will depend upon the number of spokes and their 
shapes. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from 
this disclosure that other types and shapes of hubs can be utilized in 
connection with the present invention. 
The particular constructions of hubs 20a and 20b and their connection to 
spokes 22a are disclosed and discussed in more detail in copending patent 
application Ser. No. 08/784,460, filed on Jan. 16, 1997 in the name of 
Yasuhiro Yahata and assigned to Shimano Inc. The disclosure of patent 
application Ser. No. 08/784,460 is hereby incorporated herein by reference 
to explain the precise construction of hubs 20a and 20b and their 
interconnection to spokes 22a and 22b. 
Spokes 22a and 22b are preferably identical, and thus, only spokes 22a will 
be shown and discussed in detail herein. Spokes 22a are preferably 
constructed of a conventional metallic material utilized in construction 
of spokes, such as plated steel, stainless steel, aluminum or carbon fiber 
composite. Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from 
this disclosure that other suitable materials can be utilized as needed 
and/or desired. 
Spokes 22a extend from the left and right ends of the hub 20a towards the 
rim 24a. In other words, in a twelve spoke embodiment, six spokes extend 
substantially outwardly from the right end of hub 20a to rim 24a and six 
spokes extend substantially outwardly from the left end of hub 20a to rim 
24a. Spokes 22a are preferably tangentially arranged relative to hub 20a 
as they extend outwardly therefrom. Of course, spokes 22a can be arranged 
in a more radial direction if needed and/or desired. 
As seen in FIGS. 6-9, each of the spokes 22a has an outer end portion 40, a 
center portion 42 and an inner end portion 44. Outer end portion or spoke 
head 40 is coupled to rim 24a. Straight center portion 42 is located 
radially inwardly of outer end portion 40, and inner end portion 44 
located radially inwardly of the center portion 42. Center portion 42 is 
coupled to hub 20a in a relatively conventional manner. Preferably, outer 
end portion 40, center portion 42 and inner end portion 44 are constructed 
as a unitary, one-piece member with spoke nipples 46 theadedly coupled to 
the inner end portion 44 of each of the spokes 22a for connection to hub 
20a. 
As shown in FIGS. 6-9, outer end portion 40 of each spoke 22a has a first 
predetermined width W and a first predetermined thickness T. The width W 
of outer end portion 40 of each spoke 22a extends in a first direction, 
while the thickness T of outer end portion 40 of each spoke 22a extends in 
a second direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the first 
direction. The outer end portion 40 has a width W that is preferably at 
least ten times the thickness T of the outer end portion 40. Preferably, 
outer end portion 40 has a width W that is approximately thirty times the 
thickness T of the outer end portion 40. For example, the outer end 
portions 40 of spokes 22a can have widths of approximately 15.0 
millimeters and thicknesses of approximately 0.5 millimeters. 
In the first embodiment, outer end portions 40 of spokes 22a have an 
elongated cross section such as a rectangular or an elongated elliptical 
cross section, while center portions 42 and inner end portions 44 each 
have a circular or elliptical cross section. Of course, it will be 
apparent to those skilled in the art that the entire length of spokes 22a 
can be substantially uniform along its entire cross section if needed 
and/or desired. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that 
constant cross section spokes can be utilized or spokes with a varying 
cross section can be utilized as needed and/or desired. For example, 
spokes with an elliptical cross section could be used in accordance with 
the present invention. In any event, outer end portion 40 has a width W 
that is preferably at least ten times the thickness T of the outer end 
portion 40. Preferably, outer end portion 40 has a width W that is at 
least thirty times the thickness T of the outer end portion 40. 
As seen in FIGS. 6-9, outer end portions 40 of spokes 22a are bent to form 
first sections 50 at the free ends of spokes 22a which are offset from the 
second sections 52. This offsetting of the first and second section 50 and 
52 forms a bend or offset section 54 therebetween, which retains the spoke 
22a to rim 24a as discussed below. Preferably, second sections 52 of each 
spoke 22a lies substantially in the same plane as its respective center 
portion. First section 50, on the other hand, lies in a plane, which is 
spaced from the plane of the second section 52 and preferably parallel 
thereto. Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from 
this disclosure that first section 50 can be bent or formed to have a 
different shape and/or cross section than the illustrated shapes and cross 
sections. In any event, the shapes and cross sections of first section 50, 
second section 52 and bend or offset section 54 of each spoke should be 
configured to prevent axial movement of the spoke relative to rim 24a when 
the spoke is in the installed position. 
As seen in FIGS. 4-9, first section 50 of each spoke 22a has a first 
contact surface 56 facing in a first direction to engage an inner surface 
of rim 24a. Second section 52 of each spoke 22a has a second contact 
surface 58 facing in a second direction to engage the outer surface of rim 
24a. The lateral spacing between first contact surface 56 of first section 
50 and second contact surface 58 is preferably slightly larger than the 
thickness of rim 24a. Accordingly, when spokes 22a are installed in rim 
24a, spokes 22a engage rim 24a to prevent any substantial movement 
therebetween. 
Optionally, additional fastening means such as an adhesive or cement or the 
like can be utilized to more firmly and fixedly secure outer end portions 
40 of spokes 22a to the spoke attachment portions of the annular rim 24a. 
The term "adhesive" as used herein, including the claims, includes any 
compound or material which can be used to secure to materials together 
including cements and the like. Moreover, fasteners or fastening means 
(not shown), such as spot welding, rivets or threaded fasteners or the 
like, can be utilized if needed and/or desired. Such fasteners can extend 
through either first contact surface 56 or second contact surface 58, and 
into the side portions of rim 24a. In addition, fasteners can be used in 
conjunction with adhesive or the like. 
Center portions 42 of spokes 22a are illustrated as being substantially 
straight wire type spokes with a substantially elliptical cross section. 
However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this 
disclosure that center portions 42 of spokes 22a can be configured to have 
other types of cross sections and/or shapes. For example, center portions 
42 can be more rectangular in cross section with the shape being uniformed 
along the entire length of center portion 42. Alternatively, the cross 
section of center portion 42 can vary along its length such that the cross 
section of center portion 42 becomes wider as it approaches hub 24a. In 
other words, the thickness and/or width of center portion 42 can be either 
uniformed or varied as needed and/or desired. 
Inner end portions 44 of spokes 22a are threaded for receiving conventional 
spoke nipples 46 thereon. More specifically, inner end portions 44 of 
spokes 22a are inserted through one end of bores 34a of hub 20a, and then 
spoke nipples 46a are inserted through the other end of bores 34a. The 
headed or flanged portion of the spoke nipples 46 engage an internal 
abutment surface of bores 34 to fixedly secure inner end portions 44 of 
spokes 22a to hub 20a. Accordingly, spokes 22a can be tightened in a 
substantially conventional manner between hub 20a and rim 24a to secure 
inner end portions 44 of spokes 22a thereto. 
Rim 24a is a so-called deep rim in which the rim height is greater than the 
rim width and is designed to have pneumatic tire 26a fastened thereto by a 
tire cement. Of course, rim 24a can have other shapes to accommodate other 
types of tires as needed and/or desired without departing from the scope 
of the present invention. Annular rim 24a is constructed of a 
substantially rigid material, such as those materials, which are well 
known in the art. For example, rims 24a can be constructed of any suitable 
metallic material, such as plated steel, stainless steel, aluminum or 
titanium, as well as other non-metallic materials, such as a carbon fiber 
composite, which can be utilized for a bicycle wheel. 
Rim 24a is substantially circular as seen in side elevation (FIG. 1), and 
has an outer annular surface 68, a pair of annular braking portions 70 and 
a pair of annular spoke attachment portions 72. The outer annular surface 
68 is adapted to receive pneumatic tire 26a thereon. The annular braking 
portions 70 are located on the sides of rim 24a. The annular spoke 
attachment portions 72 are also located on the sides of rim 24a, radially 
inward of annular braking portions 70 as seen in FIG. 5. Rim 24a is a 
tubular member with a hollow, annular inner area. It will be apparent to 
those skilled in the art that the shape of outer annular surface 68 of rim 
24a could be modified to accommodate different types of tires such as 
"clinchers" as needed and/or desired. In the preferred embodiment, outer 
annular surface 68 of rim 24a is designed for use with "tubular" or 
"sew-up" type tires which are cemented to outer annular surface 68. 
Braking portions 70 are preferably substantially flat, circular surfaces 
which are designed to be engaged with the brake pads of a brake device for 
slowing or stopping rotation of wheel 10. Braking portions 70 are 
preferably parallel to each other and located between outer annular 
surface 68 and one of the spoke attachment portions. 
Spoke attachment portions 72 are located radially inwardly relative to 
outer annular surface 68 and braking portions 70 of the rim 24a. 
Preferably, spoke attachment portions 72 are angled towards each other to 
form a substantially V-shaped section of rim 24a with its apex pointed 
towards the center of wheel 10. Each spoke attachment portion 72 has a 
plurality of openings 74 for receiving first sections 50 of the spokes 22a 
therein and a plurality of radial recesses 76 for receiving at least parts 
of outer portions 40 therein. 
Openings 74 and radial recesses 76 are preferably equally spaced about 
spoke attachment portions 72, with radial recesses 76 being located 
radially inwardly of openings 74. In this first embodiment, the plurality 
of openings 74 are preferably elongated openings or slots which are sized 
and shaped to receive the outer end portions of the spokes therein. 
Elongated openings 74 distribute the forces on rim 24a over a greater area 
than ordinary round spokes such that stress fracturing and/or tearing of 
rim 24a is minimized. Preferably, openings 74 have circumferential lengths 
of at least approximately 5.0 millimeters. For example, if outer end 
portions 40 of spokes 22a have widths of approximately 15.0 millimeters 
and thicknesses of approximately 0.5 millimeters, then openings 74 
preferably have circumferential lengths of approximately 17.0 millimeters 
and radial widths of approximately 0.7 millimeters. 
Preferably, openings 74 are spaced from the innermost edge of rim 24a by at 
least 5.0 millimeters to increase the resistance of damage to rim 24a. 
Preferably, the radial distance from the inner edge of openings 74 to the 
innermost edge of rim 24a is at least one third the circumferential length 
of opening 74. The farther openings 74 can be spaced from the inner 
peripheral edge of rim 24a, the stronger the connection between spokes 22a 
and rim 24a. The radial widths of openings 74a are preferably 
substantially equal to or slightly greater than the widths of spokes 22a 
so that debris, dirt and the like does not enter the hollow area of rim 
24a. 
In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of spokes 22a at first end 
sections 50 is in the range of approximately 0.5 millimeters to 
approximately 3.0 millimeters. Accordingly, openings 74 can have a radial 
width in the range of approximately 0.5 millimeters to approximately 5.0 
millimeters. For example, if the thickness of first end section 50 of each 
spoke 22a is approximately 1.0 millimeters then the radial width of each 
opening 74 can be approximately 1.2 millimeters. 
As seen in FIG. 10, recesses 76 have axial depths, which are preferably 
substantially equal to the thickness of second section 52 of outer portion 
40. This arrangement provides a more aerodynamic design to reduce air 
resistance. 
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, first end sections 
50 and bend sections 54 are configured to freely pass through openings 74 
of rim 24a. Thus, this configuration makes it unnecessary to have either 
center portion 42 or inner end portion 44 of each spoke pass through 
openings 74. Moreover, openings 74 are preferably configured to be 
substantially the same shape as the cross section of bend sections 54 of 
spokes 22a and only slightly larger as mentioned above. Thus, when spokes 
22a are in the installed position, openings 74 limit circumferential 
movement of the bend sections 54 therein. In particular, the shapes and 
cross sections of first section 50, second section 52 and bend section 54 
of each spoke should be configured to prevent axial movement of the spoke 
relative to rim 24a when the spoke is in the installed position. 
Second Embodiment 
As seen in FIG. 11, a partial cross sectional view of a bicycle rim 124 is 
illustrated in accordance with the present invention. This embodiment is 
substantially similar to the first embodiment of FIGS. 1-10, except that 
the depth each of the recesses 176 has been decreased. Accordingly, the 
outer end portions 140 of the spokes 122 are not flush with the outer 
surfaces of the spoke attachment portions 172. Rather, the outer end 
portions 140 of the spokes 122 protrude outwardly from the outer surface 
of the spoke attachment portions 172. In particular, recesses 176 of rim 
124 have axial depths, which are less than the thicknesses of second 
sections 152 of outer portions 140. This arrangement provides an 
aerodynamic design, which reduces air resistance. 
In view of the similarities of this embodiment with first embodiment of the 
present invention, this embodiment will not be discussed or illustrated in 
further detail herein. Rather, the description of the parts of the first 
embodiment explaining the present invention applies to this embodiment. 
Third Embodiment 
As seen in FIG. 12, a partial cross-sectional view of a bicycle rim 224 is 
illustrated in accordance with the present invention. This embodiment is 
substantially similar to the first embodiment of FIGS. 1-10, except that 
the depth each of the recesses has been increased. Accordingly, the outer 
end portions 240 of the spokes 222 are not flush with the outer surfaces 
of the spoke attachment portions 272. Rather, the outer end portions 240 
of the spokes 222 are recessed from the outer surface of spoke attachment 
portion 272. In particular, recesses 276 of rim 224 have axial depths, 
which are greater than the thicknesses of second sections 252 of outer 
portions 240. This arrangement provides an aerodynamic design, which 
reduces air resistance. 
In view of the similarities of this embodiment with first embodiment of the 
present invention, this embodiment will not be discussed or illustrated in 
detail herein. Rather, the description of the parts of the first 
embodiment explaining the present invention applies to this embodiment. 
Fourth Embodiment 
Referring now to FIGS. 13-15, a modified spoke 322 is illustrated in 
accordance with another aspect of the present invention. Spokes 322 is 
designed to be used with either wheel 10 or 12. In other words, spoke 322 
extends between hub 20a or 20b and rim 24a or 24b. Similar to the first 
embodiment, spoke 322 has an outer end portion 340, a substantially 
straight center portion (not shown) and an inner end portion (not shown). 
Preferably, outer end portion 340, center portion and inner end portion 
are constructed as a one-piece, unitary member with a connection member or 
spoke nipple coupled to inner end portion for connection to hub 20a or 
20b. 
Outer end portion 340 of spokes 322 is bent to form a first section 350 and 
second sections 352 at the free end of spoke 322. This offsetting of the 
first and second section 350 and 352 forms a bend or offset section 354 
therebetween, which retains the spoke 322 to rim 24a or 24b. In other 
words, first section 350 is offset from the second section 352 by offset 
section 354, which extends substantially perpendicular to first and second 
sections 350 and 352. Preferably, second sections 352 of each spoke 322 
lies substantially in the same plane as its respective center portion. 
First section 350, on the other hand, lies in a plane, which is spaced 
from the plane of the second section 352 and preferably parallel thereto. 
Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this 
disclosure that first section 350 can be bent or formed to have a 
different shape and/or cross section than the illustrated shapes and cross 
sections. In any event, the shapes and cross sections of first section 
350, second section 352 and bend section 354 of each spoke should be 
configured to prevent axial movement of the spoke 322 relative to rim 24a 
or 24b, when the spoke 322 is in the installed position. 
Since spoke 322 is normally in tension, bend or offset section 354 applies 
a force to rim 24a or 24b and vice-a-versa. Thus, in this embodiment, bend 
or offset section 354 is thicker than either first section 350 or second 
section 352. 
Optionally, additional fastening means such as an adhesive or cement or the 
like can be utilized to more firmly and fixedly secure outer end portions 
340 of spokes 322 to the spoke attachment portions of the annular rim 24a 
or 24b. The term "adhesive" as used herein, including the claims, includes 
any compound or material which can be used to secure to materials together 
including cements and the like. Moreover, fasteners or fastening means 
(not shown), such as spot welding, rivets or threaded fasteners or the 
like, can be utilized if needed and/or desired. In addition, fasteners can 
be used in conjunction with adhesive or the like. 
In view of the similarities of this embodiment with prior embodiments of 
the present invention, this embodiment will not be discussed or 
illustrated in detail herein. Rather, the description of the previous 
embodiments explaining the present invention applies to this embodiment. 
Fifth Embodiment 
Referring now to FIGS. 16-18, a modified spoke 422 is illustrated in 
accordance with another aspect of the present invention. Spokes 422 is 
designed to be used with either wheel 10 or 12. In other words, spoke 422 
extends between hub 20a or 20b and rim 24a or 24b. Similar to the first 
embodiment, spoke 422 has an outer end portion 440, a substantially 
straight center portion (not shown) and an inner end portion (not shown). 
Preferably, outer end portion 440, center portion and inner end portion 
are constructed as a one-piece, unitary member with a connection member or 
spoke nipple coupled to inner end portion for connection to hub 20a or 
20b. 
Outer end portion 440 of spokes 422 is bent to form a first section 450 and 
second sections 452 at the free end of spoke 422. This offsetting of the 
first and second section 450 and 452 forms a bend or offset section 454 
therebetween, which retains the spoke 422 to rim 24a or 24b. In other 
words, first section 450 is offset from the second section 452 by offset 
section 454, which extends substantially perpendicular to first and second 
sections 450 and 452. Preferably, second sections 452 of each spoke 422 
lies substantially in the same plane as its respective center portion. 
First section 450, on the other hand, lies in a plane, which is spaced 
from the plane of the second section 452 and preferably parallel thereto. 
Of course, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this 
disclosure that first section 450 can be bent or formed to have a 
different shape and/or cross section than the illustrated shapes and cross 
sections. In any event, the shapes and cross sections of first section 
450, second section 452 and bend section 454 of each spoke should be 
configured to prevent axial movement of the spoke 422 relative to rim 24a 
or 24b, when the spoke 422 is in the installed position. 
Since spoke 422 is normally in tension, bend or offset section 454 applies 
a force to rim 24a or 24b and vice-a-versa. Thus, in this embodiment, bend 
or offset section 454 is corrugated for additional strength. By 
corrugating offset section 454, the effective thickness of offset section 
454 is greater than the effective thickness of either first section 450 or 
second section 452. 
Optionally, additional fastening means such as an adhesive or cement or the 
like can be utilized to more firmly and fixedly secure outer end portions 
440 of spokes 422 to the spoke attachment portions of the annular rim 24a 
or 24b. The term "adhesive" as used herein, including the claims, includes 
any compound or material which can be used to secure to materials together 
including cements and the like. Moreover, fasteners or fastening means 
(not shown), such as spot welding, rivets or threaded fasteners or the 
like, can be utilized if needed and/or desired. In addition, fasteners can 
be used in conjunction with adhesive or the like. 
In view of the similarities of this embodiment with prior embodiments of 
the present invention, this embodiment will not be discussed or 
illustrated in detail herein. Rather, the description of the previous 
embodiments explaining the present invention applies to this embodiment. 
While particular embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the present 
invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various 
changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the 
scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Furthermore, the 
foregoing descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present 
invention are provided for illustration only, and not for the purpose of 
limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their 
equivalents.