Apparatus for incinerating waste gases

An apparatus for incinerating a waste gas comprises a combustion furnace main body having a peripheral wall and a hearth and a plurality of flare burners disposed on the hearth. Each of the flare burners includes a burner main body having a peripheral wall and a bottom wall, a waste gas main pipe provided under the burner main body, water gas branch pipes extending upward from the waste gas main pipe and each having a vertical zigzag passage in an intermediate portion thereof, gas nozzles mounted in the upper ends of the waste gas branch pipes respectively and positioned inside the peripheral wall of the burner main body, a steam main pipe extending through the waste gas main pipe and projecting upward through the bottom wall of the burner main body, steam branch pipes extending upward from the steam main pipe, and steam nozzles mounted on the upper ends of the steam branch pipes respectively and positioned close to the gas nozzles. When the waste gas forced out from the gas nozzles is ignited and burned, the free carbon in the flame and the steam forced out from the steam nozzles undergo water gas reaction, permitting the gas to burn smokelessly.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for incinerating waste gases, 
and more particularly to an apparatus for incinerating flammable waste 
gases discharged from refineries, petrochemical plants, etc. 
Apparatus for incinerating waste gases are already known which comprise a 
combustion furnace main body having a peripheral wall and a hearth and a 
plurality of flare burners disposed on the hearth. The flare burners 
include a burner main body having a peripheral wall and a bottom wall, a 
waste gas main pipe provided under the burner main body, waste gas branch 
pipes extending upward from the main pipe, and a nozzle mounted on the 
upper end of each of the branch pipes and positioned inside the peripheral 
wall of the burner main body. When burning a waste gas lighter than the 
atmospheric air, the conventional apparatus involve the following 
problems. In the event that the supply of waste gas to the flare burner 
spontaneously reduces and the combustion is automatically interrupted, or 
if the supply of waste gas to the flare burner is intentionally 
discontinued, the waste gas filling the branch pipe and main pipe 
gradually flows out from the nozzles because it is lighter than the air. 
Consequently, negative pressure is produced in the interior of the pipes, 
permitting air to reversely flow in and fill the pipes with a mixture of 
waste gas and air. Since the mixture is readily ignitable by the flame of 
pilot burner or the like, an explosion can take place. The explosion not 
only produces a great noise but also causes a backfire in the main pipe, 
possibly leading to the explosion of the plant itself connected thereto. 
It is therefore necessary to prevent the reverse flow of air into the 
branch pipes and main pipe. For this purpose, nitrogen or like inert gas 
in introduced into the branch pipes and main pipe upon detecting that the 
combustion of waste gas has been discontinued. The inert gas must be 
charged in an amount required to overcome the buoyancy of the waste gas. 
This necessitates large quantities of the inert gas, invariably rendering 
the equipment costly to maintain. 
This invention provides an apparatus for incinerating waste gases which is 
free of the above problem. The apparatus comprises a combustion furnace 
main body having a peripheral wall and a hearth and a plurality of flare 
burners disposed on the hearth, each of the flare burners including a 
burner main body having a peripheral wall and a bottom wall, a waste gas 
main pipe provided under the burner main body, waste gas branch pipes 
extending upward from the main pipe and each having a vertical zigzag 
passage in an intermediate portion thereof, and gas nozzles mounted on the 
upper ends of the branch pipes respectively and positioned inside the 
peripheral wall of the burner main body. The zigzag passage included in 
the branch pipe prevents the reverse flow of air therethrough, eliminating 
the explosion which would otherwise result from the formation of a mixture 
of waste gas and air.

With reference to FIG. 1, a combustion furnace includes a main body 3 
having a cylindrical peripheral wall 1 and a hearth 2, a plurality of 
flare burners 4 disposed on the hearth 2, and a combustion stabilizing 
tube 5 positioned upright on the hearth 2 at its center and surrounding a 
required number of the flare burners 4. The interior of the stabilizing 
tube 5 serves as an inner combustion chamber 6, while the space between 
the stabilizing tube 5 and the peripheral wall 1 of the combustion furnace 
main body 3 serves as an outer combustion chamber 7. The main body 3 is 
made of refractory bricks and covered with a steel sheet over the outer 
surface thereof. A refractory plastic material is usable in place of 
refractory bricks. The stabilizing tube 5 is also made of refractory 
bricks. Preferably, the stabilizing tube 5 has 1/4 to 1/2 the size of the 
main body 3. It is preferable to provide one to three flare burners 4 
within the stabilizing tube 5. The main body 3 is supported by a plurality 
of posts 8. The lower portion of the main body 3 including the posts 8 is 
surrounded, at a specified spacing, by a cylindrical soundproof wall 9 
made of a laminate of iron sheet, glass wool and porous board. Assuming 
that the inside diameter of the peripheral wall 1 is d, the inside 
diameter of the soundproof wall 9 is D and the height of the same is H, it 
is preferably that D = 1.5d to 2.0d and H = 0.5d to b 1.0d. The soundproof 
wall 9 also provides protection against fire and wind. For soundproofing, 
it is preferable that the wall 9 have the greatest possible height and a 
small inside diameter so as to be positioned as close as possible to the 
main body 3. However, the reverse is preferable for the intake of 
combustion air. The above-mentioned ranges of the dimensions are 
determined as a compromise combining these contradictory relations 
together. 
With reference to FIG. 2, the flare burner 4 includes a burner main body 14 
having a cylindrical peripheral wall 11 formed with air intakes 10 at 
predetermined portions and a bottom wall 12; a waste gas main pipe 17 
having a bottom and secured to the lower surface of the burner main body 
14 with an annular plate 15 interposed therebetween, the main pipe 17 
having an inlet 16 on its one side close to the lower end thereof; waste 
gas branch pipes 19 extending radially upward from the main pipe 17 and 
each having a vertical zigzag passage 18 in an intermediate portion 
thereof; gas nozzles 20 mounted on the upper ends of the branch pipes 19 
respectively and positioned inside the peripheral wall 11 of the burner 
main body 14; a steam main pipe 22 extending through the waste gas main 
pipe 17 and projecting upward through the center of the bottom wall 12, 
the steam main pipe 22 having an inlet 21 on its one side close to the 
lower end thereof and having a closed upper end; steam branch pipes 23 
extending radially upward from the steam main pipe 22 and equal in number 
to the waste gas branch pipes 19; steam nozzles 24 mounted on the upper 
ends of the steam branch pipes 23 respectively and positioned close to the 
gas nozzles 20; a water pipe 25 extending through the steam main pipe 22 
and having a spray head 13 at its upper end. 
With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the zigzag passage 18 is formed by an 
L-shaped upward pipe 26 communicating with the waste gas main pipe 17, an 
inverted L-shaped downward pipe 27 having an upper end extending into the 
burner main body 14 and communicating with the gas nozzle 20, the downward 
pipe 27 having a vertical portion disposed in parallel to the upward pipe 
26 in lapping relation thereto, and a joint tube 29 enclosing the lapping 
portions of the pipes 26 and 27 and having upper and lower closing walls 
28a, and 28b. A small space is provided between the upper end of the 
upward pipe 26 and the upper wall 28a and between the lower end of the 
downward pipe 27 and the lower wall 28b. 
The steam main pipe 22 is secured to and supported by an inwardly 
projecting flange 30a at the lower end of a support tube 30 extending 
through the waste gas main pipe 17. The support tube 30 is secured to the 
annular bottom wall 17a of the waste gas main pipe 17 and to the annular 
plate 15 and has an upper end extending upward through the bottom wall 12 
and a lower end extending downward through the bottom wall 17a. A pipe 31 
encloses the water pipe 25 with a slight clearance provided therebetween. 
The lower ends of the steam main pipe 22 and the pipe 31 are closed with a 
plug 32. The water pipe 25 extending downward through the plug 32 is held 
in position by a screw 33 driven through one side of the plug 31. A pilot 
burner (not shown) disposed close to one of the gas nozzles 20 is mounted 
on the upper end of a gas pipe 35 extending through the bottom wall 12 of 
the burner main body 14 and having an inlet 34 at its one side close to 
the lower end thereof. 
An inner flange 37 having bores 36 for accommodating the gas nozzles is 
formed on the peripheral wall 11 of the burner main body 14 at a position 
closer to its upper end. The flange 37 has an annular upstanding wall 38 
on its inner periphery. A short tube 39 having the same height as the wall 
38 is secured to the periphery of the bore 36. A refractory layer 40 is 
formed on the upper surface of the flange 37 up to the upper end of the 
wall 38. The same refractory layer 40 as above is also formed on the 
inside of the upper end of the peripheral wall 11. A number of anchors 41 
embedded in the refractory layer 40 are provided at a specified spacing on 
the inner surface of the upper end of the peripheral wall 11. Although not 
fully shown in FIG. 1, 48 flare burners 4 having the foregoing 
construction are provided on the hearth 2, three of which are positioned 
within the inner combustion chamber 6. 
When the combustion of the waste gas is interrupted due to a decrease in 
the waste gas supply, an explosive mixture of waste gas and air will not 
fill the waste gas branch pipes 19 and the waste gas main pipe 17 for the 
following reason. Upon interruption of combustion, the waste gas present 
in the waste gas branch pipes 19 and the waste gas main pipe 17 tends to 
flow out from the gas nozzles 20. In the zigzag passage 18 of each waste 
gas branch pipe 19, however, the waste gas flowing into the joint tube 29 
from the upward pipe 26 is unable to move to the lower end of the joint 
tube 29 and remains at the upper end of the joint tube 29, since it is 
lighter than air. The waste gas within the joint tube 29 ascends and 
remains at the upper portion thereof. The waste gas within the downward 
pipe 27 gradually escapes through the nozzle 20, permitting air to flow 
in. The air, which is heavier than the waste gas, remains at the lower end 
of the joint tube 29 but does not flow upward to the upper end of the 
joint tube 29. Thus the air will not flow reversely through the branch 
pipe 19 into the waste gas main pipe 17. 
The zigzag passage can of course be designed to have various constructions 
other than one shown in the drawings. 
With reference to FIG. 1 again, a first waste gas duct 44 having first and 
second pressure detectors 42 and 43 is connected to the inlets 16 of the 
waste gas main pipes 17 for the inner combustion chamber 6. A first steam 
duct 46 having a valve 45 is connected to the inlets 21 of the steam main 
pipes 22 for the same chamber. A second waste gas duct 48 having a valve 
47 and branching off from the first waste gas duct 44 is connected to the 
inlets 16 of the waste gas main pipes 17 for the outer combustion chamber 
7, while a second steam duct 50 having a valve 49 and branching off from 
the first steam duct 46 is connected to the inlets 21 of the steam main 
pipes 22 for the same chamber. The first pressure detector 42 is 
electrically connected to the valve 45 on the first steam duct 46, and the 
second pressure detector 43 to the valve 47 on the second waste gas duct 
48 and to the valve 49 on the second steam duct 50. The first pressure 
detector 42 is adapted to detect pressure exceeding zero. The second 
pressure detector 43 is set for valve opening at a higher value than the 
first pressure detector 42, such that when the waste gas is introduced 
into the first waste gas duct 44, the first pressure detector 42 first 
emits a signal 51 which opens the valve 45 on the first steam duct 46. 
Subsequently, the second pressure detector 43 emits a signal 52 which 
opens the valve 47 on the second waste gas duct 48 and the valve 49 on the 
second steam duct 50. The second pressure detector 43 is set for valve 
closing at a low value so that the valve 47 will not be closed upon a 
sudden reduction in the pressure within the first waste gas duct 44 when 
the valve 47 is opened. 
A main waste gas duct 55 from a waste gas supply is branched into the first 
waste gas duct 44 and a waste gas duct 54 extending to a gas seal drum 53. 
Extending from the gas seal drum 53 is another waste gas duct 56 connected 
to some other burning device such as a flare stack, whereby when the waste 
gas is introduced into the main gas duct 55 at a rate exceeding the 
maximum treating capacity of the combustion furnace, the water seal within 
the gas seal drum 53 is broken, permitting the excess of the waste gas to 
be conducted to the burning device. The first steam duct 46 is connected 
to a main steam duct 57 from a steam supply. Although not shown, the water 
pipe 25 is connected to a water main having a manual valve. When the 
temperature within the combustion furnace rises to excess, water is 
admitted to the water pipe 25 and is injected into the burner main body 14 
through the head 25a. 
With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the waste gas, when admitted to the first 
waste gas duct 44 from the main waste gas duct 55, is detected by the 
first pressure detector 42 before reaching the flare burners 4, whereupon 
the valve 45 on the first steam duct 46 is opened, permitting steam to jet 
out from the steam nozzles 24 of the flare burners 4 within the inner 
combustion chamber 6 and simultaneously causing the resulting draft to 
introduce combustion air into the burner main body 14 through the air 
intakes 10. Subsequently, the waste gas jets out from the gas nozzles 20 
and is burned on being ignited by a pilot burner which is lighted at all 
times. At this time, the free carbon in the flame and the steam forced out 
from the steam nozzles undergo water gas reaction, permitting the gas to 
burn free of smoke. While the waste gas flows through the first waste gas 
duct 44 at an increasing rate, the pressure of the gas reaches the value 
at which the second pressure detector 43 is set for valve opening, 
whereupon the valve 47 on the second waste gas duct 48 and the valve 49 on 
the second steam duct 50 are opened. As a result, combustion takes place 
with the flare burners 4 within the outer combustion chamber 7 in the same 
manner as above. If the waste gas supply through the first waste gas duct 
44 reduces, with a pressure drop to a level not higher than the value at 
which the second pressure detector 41 is set for valve closing, the valves 
47 and 49 are closed. In the flare burners 4, the steam jets out earlier 
than the waste gas, because the valves 45 and 49 on the steam ducts 46 and 
50 are positioned much closer to the flare burners 4 than the first 
pressure detector 42 and the valve 47 on the second waste gas duct 48. 
In the event that the waste gas supply exceeds the maximum capacity of the 
combustion furnace, the excess of the waste gas is led to another 
combustion device by way of the gas seal drum 53 and is thereby burned. 
Although the waste gases are discharged from chemical plants and the like 
at greatly varying rates, the gas can be burned appropriately in 
accordance with the rate of supply by the inner combustion chamber 6 
alone, or both the inner and outer combustion chambers 6 and 7, or the 
combustion furnace including the chambers 6 and 7 and another combustion 
device. 
This invention may be embodied differently without departing from the 
spirit and basic features of the invention. Accordingly the embodiment 
herein disclosed is given for illustrative purposes only and is not in any 
way limitative. It is to be understood that the scope of this invention is 
defined by the appended claims rather than by the specification and that 
various alterations and modifications within the definition and scope of 
the claims are included in the claims.