Peripheral vision head-mounted display for imparting information to a user without distraction and associated methods

A head-mounted peripheral vision display and associated methods display information to a user without distraction. A plurality of light display elements are positioned within an area of peripheral vision of at least one eye of the user such that the information is imparted to the user without a need for repositioning or refocusing of the eye. The information may be determined from data received from one or more sensors and an illumination pattern is determined based upon the performance information. The light display elements are controlled to display the illumination pattern to the user.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is directed to a headset that presents information through visual and audible means with minimal impact on user focus and attention toward user activity.

BACKGROUND

Fitness and activity monitors typically take the form of a small display device that is worn as a wristwatch or, in the case of a bicycle computer, motorbike, or snowmobile speedometer, mounted to the handlebars of the vehicle. Performance metrics such as heart rate, speed, distance, location, cadence, power, among others, are measured by one or more sensors connected to the display device either electrically or through a wireless communication link. The display device typically receives, processes, and displays the performance information to the user.

Such activity monitors and feedback mechanisms may present several issues to the user. First, since the display device must be lightweight and portable, the display size is typically small and difficult to read while in motion, a situation that is worsened in low light conditions. In certain sports, such as swimming, it is not feasible for the user to read a display without significantly interfering with the activity. Second, the user must frequently take focus off of his activity to read displayed information, which can be distracting or dangerous to the activity at hand. Competitive athletes can find such a lack of focus detrimental to optimal performance and safety. Certain activities such as cycling, motorcycling, and snowmobiling require constant attention to the road, trail, and surrounding environment; looking elsewhere can lead to injury. Third, the reading and operation of a wrist-worn or handlebar-mounted display can interfere with efficient body motions required for optimal performance. Frequent viewing of a wristwatch, or operation of the wristwatch by the opposite hand, for example, can interfere with the efficient arm and corresponding stride motion during running activity. As another example, the viewing or operation of a bicycle computer can cause the cyclist to exit from a streamlined aerodynamic position, which is detrimental to his resultant performance.

Heads-Up displays, as well known in the art, present a focused image (e.g., alphanumeric characters and/or graphics) to a wearer of the display. The focused image is projected into at least part of the wearer's normal operational field of view, such that the user typically sees the focused image overlaid onto that normal field of view. While allowing the user to assimilate the information from the focused display, this information is also distracting since this focused image partially covers the wearer's operational field of view, that part of the wearer's normal field of view is obscured.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, a head-mounted display displays information to a user without distraction. At least one light display element is positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user such that the information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye. A receiver receives the information and a microcontroller, coupled with the receiver and the at least one light display element, processes the information to determine an illumination pattern based upon the information and controls the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern.

In another embodiment, a method displays information to a user without distraction. The information is received within a microcontroller of a peripheral vision display system. An illumination pattern for at least one light display element is determined, based upon the information, within the microcontroller and the at least one light display element is controlled to display the illumination pattern. The at least one light display element is positioned within an area of peripheral vision of at least one eye of the user such that the information may be imparted to the user without the need to reposition or refocus the eye.

In another embodiment, a headset displays information within a peripheral vision area of a user. The headset includes a receiver for receiving a signal from a signaling device, at least one light display element positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user such that the information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye, and a microcontroller coupled with the receiver and the light display element for determining an illumination pattern based upon the signal and for controlling the light display elements to display the illumination pattern.

In another embodiment, a system displays audio information within a peripheral vision area of a user. The system includes at least one microphone for detecting sound, at least one light display element positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user such that the information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye, and a microcontroller coupled with the at least one microphone and the at least one light display element. The system includes machine readable instructions that, when executed by the microcontroller, perform the steps of: processing the detected sound to generate the audio information, generating an illumination pattern based upon the detected sound, and controlling the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern.

In another embodiment, headwear displays information within a peripheral vision area of a user. A receiver is integrated with the headwear and receives the information. At least one light display element is integrated with the headwear and positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user. A microcontroller is integrated with the headwear and coupled with the receiver and the light display element. The microcontroller determines an illumination pattern based upon the signal and controls the light display elements to display the illumination pattern. The information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1schematically shows one exemplary head-mounted performance display system100for displaying performance information within a peripheral vision area of a user. System100includes a microcontroller102, a peripheral vision device104, and a wireless receiver/transceiver106. Microcontroller102may include memory (non-volatile and volatile), one or more analog to digital converters, one or more digital to analog converters, and other functionality, as typically found in microcontroller devices. Microcontroller102is shown with software103, for example stored within a memory of microcontroller102, which contains machine readable instructions that, when executed by microcontroller102, performs functionality of system100as describe below. Software103may be permanently stored within memory of microcontroller102, or may be read into registers or temporary memory, that is, software103may be field programmable. In embodiments where software103is field programmable, it may be loaded into the registers or temporary memory in situations such as start up of system100, to stream instant notifications, to provide updated content such as messages, comments, audible or display cues, or to change individual or group settings of software103.

Peripheral vision device104is controlled by microcontroller102and positioned within a peripheral vision area of a user of system100such that the user may absorb displayed information without repositioning and/or refocusing his or her vision. System100receives information from one or more sensors170a-c(external to system100) via wireless receiver/transceiver106. When configured as a transceiver, wireless receiver/transceiver106provides bi-directional communication. In one embodiment, wireless receiver/transceiver106is part of an ANT communication system, as provided by Nordic Semiconductor. In another embodiment, wireless receiver/transceiver106supports Bluetooth communication.

System100has a user interface150for receiving input from the user. User interface150may include one or more of: an actuator152, motion sensors154, proximity sensors156, capacitive sensors157and microphones158. Actuator152represents an input device (e.g., one or more of a push button switch, a slider switch, and a slider potentiometer) that allows the user to interact with microcontroller102. In one embodiment, actuator152is used to activate and deactivate system100. Motion sensors154may include one or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes for detecting movement of system100. Proximity sensor156detects proximity changes of system100relative to other objects (e.g., the user's hand). Capacitive sensor157detects changes in capacitance, such as touch of the user's finger and motion of that finger along a surface proximate to capacitive sensor157. Other types of sensor may be used in place of capacitive sensor157for detecting touch gestures of the user without departing from the scope hereof. User interface150allows system100to recognize user gestures, such as: button pushes (long and/or short duration); taps—single, double, or triple taps by the user on system100; and movements such as head tilts, and head nods and/or head shakes, and touch gestures such as finger motion along a surface of system100. Microcontroller102may interpret input from single and multiple sensors (e.g., button pushes, taps, and touches) from the user as sensed by user interface150. Other methods of receiving user input may be used without departing from the scope hereof. For example, system100may include a sensor for tracking eye movement and/or detecting blinking of an eye, thereby allowing the user to create inputs through blinking and eye movements.

System100may also include one or more internal sensors110that couple with microcontroller102to sense user performance. Internal sensors110may include one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, a power sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor, and a proximity sensor. Optionally, sensors of user interface150(e.g., sensors154,156) and sensors110may provide both user input information and performance information. For example, information received from an accelerometer within sensors110may also be interpreted by microcontroller102as user input information.

In one embodiment, system100also includes an audio output device120coupled with microcontroller102for generating audio information (e.g., tones and voice information readout) to a user of system100. Optionally, system100has an external audio output device120′ in addition to, or to replace, audio output device120. System100may also optionally include a vibration device122that, when activated by microcontroller102, provides tactile feedback to the user of system100. In one embodiment, audio output device120and vibration device122are combined into a single component of system100.

In one embodiment, system100also includes an interface130coupled with microcontroller102that enables communication between system100and an external device such as a personal computer (PC)172. In this document, “PC” may refer to any one or more of a desktop computer, a laptop or netbook computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a navigation system (e.g., a GPS enabled route mapping system) and/or other similar electronic devices having capability for communicating (wired and/or wirelessly) with system100. In one example of operation, a PC172connects to interface130and is used to set configuration160of system100via a USB interface of interface130. Configuration160may for example define performance zones and thresholds of one or more metrics displayed by system100, load celebrity voices, custom display patterns, other audio and visual cues and/or combinations thereof, for output by system100. Interface130may also be combined with wireless receiver/transceiver106such that system100may communicate with the PC wirelessly. For example, in a field programmable embodiment of system100, interface130enables the PC to provide software103upon startup of system100, to provide updates to software103, or to provide updated content such as notifications, messages, comments, or audible or display cues. In another embodiment, interface130represents a transceiver for wirelessly communicating with the PC.

In one embodiment, system100includes a removable storage device132(e.g., a microSD card) that is coupled to microcontroller102such that sensed data and/or configuration160of system100may be stored thereon. Removable storage device132is for example mounted within a socket such that it may be removed and access in other computer systems (e.g., a PC). In one example, information recorded from sensors110,154,156,170a-cand/or microphone158may be further processed and/or viewed on the other computer. In another example, configuration160if system100is prepared within the other computer and stored onto storage device132and then installed within system100, wherein storage device132provides configuration160that defines zones and other parameters of metrics and displayed data of system100.

Microcontroller102may receive sensed information from one or more external sensors170a-cvia wireless receiver/transceiver106.FIG. 1illustratively shows three external sensors170a-cwirelessly coupled with system100. However, more or fewer external sensors170a-cmay be used without departing from the scope hereof. For example, no external sensors170a-cmay be used when internal sensors110provide sufficient information for display of performance data. External sensors170a-cmay represent one or more of: a heart rate monitor; a running speed/distance/cadence sensor; a bike speed/distance/cadence/power sensor; a bike computer; an exercise equipment computer (e.g. treadmill); a (Digital) pressure sensor (for height information); a GNSS receiver (e.g., GPS); a temperature sensor; a light sensor; and a proximity sensor.

System100provides the user with performance feedback and/or audible information such as, for example: current, average, max or min speed/pace; current, average, max or min heart rate; distance traveled; total energy expended; % through workout; duration; clock time; workout zone transition (or zone number cue); workout zone information (such as “hill climb,” “steps,” “hot terrain,” “windy” and the like); heart rate zone; timer; lap time; current, average, min or max power; and current, average, min or max cadence. System100may, in embodiments, store performance information of a user and determine and feed back to the user when personal milestones are reached or a personal best performance is achieved.

In one example of operation, microcontroller102receives sensor data from sensors170a-c(if included) via wireless receiver/transceiver106, from sensors110(if included), and from sensors154and156(if included) of user interface150. Software103is executed within microcontroller102to process this sensor data and to control peripheral vision device104to display performance data to the user. Where included, audio output device120is controlled by microcontroller102(e.g., by executing software103to control a digital to analog converter) to provide audible information and feedback to the user.

FIG. 2is a perspective view of one exemplary embodiment of system100,FIG. 1, configured with a boom202for positioning peripheral vision device104within a peripheral vision area of the user's eye and a housing204that contains electronics101(e.g., microcontroller102, wireless receiver/transceiver106, internal sensors110, audio output device120, user interface150, and interface130, if included).FIG. 3shows peripheral vision device104ofFIG. 2in further detail.FIGS. 2 and 3are best viewed together with the following description.

Boom202is a thin flexible substrate attached to, or integral with, housing204, such that peripheral vision device104may be positioned within a peripheral vision area of the user (as indicated by viewing direction208). The substrate may be encased within a housing material for environmental protection or stiffening purposes. Boom202may include a position memory material (e.g., a wire, engineering polymer, shape memory alloy, or other material that maintains its shape after bending) such that once positioned by the user, boom202remains substantially in that position during activity by the user, unless moved again by the user. The memory material may also provide torsion memory to boom202, and may be selectively utilized to provide shape memory in one or more directions (e.g., one-, two- or three-dimensional shape memory). In another embodiment, boom202is substantially rigid and shaped to fit a particular application and/or supporting apparatus (e.g., a user's eyewear).

In one embodiment, housing204is integral with the supporting headgear or eyewear (seeFIGS. 9 and 14for example). System100is also shown with an attachment mechanism206, coupled with housing204, for attaching system100to a supporting frame, such as a user's eyewear or headwear. In one embodiment, attachment mechanism206of system100is shaped and configured to mount to a user's ear. In another embodiment, attachment mechanism206is shaped and configured to mount to a user's nose. In yet another embodiment, attachment mechanism206is shaped and configured to mount to a user's head. System100may be configured to attach to objects worn by the user, and may be configured to attach directly to the user. Boom202has seven light display elements304(1)-(7) formed into a linear array or matrix array at a distal end302thereof. Light emitted by light display elements304is directed towards the user's eye (or eyes) to maximize visibility and reduce required intensity (and thereby reduce power consumption). Light display element304may represent a light emitting diode (LED) or other light sources. Although seven light display elements304are shown within peripheral vision device104, more or fewer light display elements304may be included without departing from the scope hereof.

When attached to existing eyewear, boom202may be configured such that peripheral vision device104is positioned outside the lens, within the lens, inside the frames of the eyewear, outside the frames, and at any peripheral position around the eye. In one embodiment, boom202contains optical fibers, and light display elements304are located within housing204and coupled to the optical fibers such that light is emitted from the distal end302of boom202, for example in a linear array similar toFIG. 3or in a two dimensional matrix array. Light display elements304may be mounted flush with, or just behind a window in, a surface306of boom202.

Boom202and housing204may attach to existing eyewear for example using adhesive to couple housing204to an arm of the eyewear, or attach using adhesive along boom202. Boom202and/or housing204may include one or more suction cups for attaching system100to existing eyewear and headwear. In one embodiment, boom202and/or housing204has an attachment feature fabricated from, or overmolded or sprayed with, a “grippy” (that is, slightly sticky or tacky) material that increases the coefficient of friction between boom202and a user's glasses for example to prevent undesired movement of boom202relative to the glasses. In another embodiment, boom202and housing204include an ear clip for attaching system100to a user's ear such that peripheral vision device104may be positioned in a peripheral vision areas of the user's eye without any need for eyewear or headwear.

A plurality of capacitive sensors157are illustratively shown configured with boom202such that motion of a user's finger along path212is detected and interpreted by microcontroller102. More or fewer capacitive sensors157may be integrated with one or both of boom202and housing204without departing from the scope hereof.

In one embodiment, light display elements304mount to, or are integral with, a user's eyewear, such as sunglasses, ski or snowboard goggles, swim goggles, and eyeglasses. In another embodiment, light display elements304mount to, or are integral with, a user's headgear, such as a bicycle helmet, a motorbike helmet, a visor, a hat, a cap, a hearing aid, and a headband.

In one embodiment, system100has two booms (each similar to boom202) such that light display elements304of peripheral vision device104may be positioned in peripheral vision areas both above and below the user's eye. In yet another embodiment, light display elements304are formed into a partial or full circle such that light display elements are radially positioned around the user's eye. This may be especially convenient where the light display elements are integrated with the frame of one or both eyewear lenses (seeFIGS. 9 and 14), which naturally surrounds the eye. In another embodiment, light display elements304are integrated with eyewear such that they have a vertical orientation either side of the user's eye when the eyewear is worn by the user.

In another embodiment, light display elements304are mounted in close proximity and visible to both eyes of the user. This may be accomplished with a single piece of display substrate (e.g., clear engineering plastic in the form of a lens), either integrated with (e.g., etched into glass), or externally attached to, the user's existing eyewear or headgear. Alternatively, if appropriate, two separate substrates may be used. In one embodiment, light display elements304project light onto at least part of the substrate to make it become visible to the user, for example utilizing polarized light from the one or more light display elements304.

InFIG. 3, light display elements304are formed into a linear array. However, the light display elements304may also be formed into two dimensional arrays. For example, light display elements304may be formed as two or more rows, wherein each row displays information of a different activity metric. SeeFIG. 5for example. Alternatively, the information of a single activity metric may be displayed using the two or more rows. Light display elements304may also be configured to provide a 3D (three dimensional) display of information. For example, peripheral vision device104may project light that is received differently by each of the user's eyes to form a 3D image (e.g., an image with perceived depth to the user). In one embodiment, light display elements304are structured as a 3D array having various heights in regions around the peripheral vision area of the user (e.g., on boom202).

Light display elements304may each emit light at a fixed wavelength (e.g., a fixed color). For example, color of light emitted by each light display element304may be selected based upon position of the light display element within the one or two dimensional array. Alternatively, light display elements304may each emit a different color under control of microcontroller102.

FIG. 2shows exemplary positioning of light sensors110(1) for detecting ambient light conditions experienced by the user, such that microcontroller102may control intensity of light display elements304automatically based upon determined ambient light conditions. Light sensors110(1) represent at least part of sensors110ofFIG. 1. Light sensors110(1) are shown in exemplary positions at a tip of boom202and at a base of boom202ofFIG. 2. System100may include zero, one or more light sensors110(1) at the same or other positions without departing from the scope hereof.

In one embodiment, microcontroller102interprets the user pressing actuator152as an instruction to reduce intensity of light display elements304. In an embodiment, light display elements304do not include lenses, or other optical components; however, one or more lenses may be included to enhance the viewing angle of each light display element. Where light display elements304are included in existing eyewear, optical components may be included to correct the effects of lenses within the existing eyewear.

In one embodiment, light display elements304are each monocolor LEDs arranged in a linear fashion and embedded within boom202. In another embodiment, light display elements304are each bicolor or tricolor LEDs arranged in a linear fashion and embedded within a soft resin of boom202.FIGS. 2 and 3may also represent embodiments of systems700,800and1200, described herein.

FIG. 4shows exemplary use of peripheral vision device104formed with seven light display elements304(1)-(7) ofFIG. 3as configured within system100ofFIG. 1to display performance of one or more activities by the user. Microcontroller102may utilize one or more of modulation of display element position, intensity, color, flashing rate, flashing duty cycle, fading, multiple element combinations and patterns to generate an illumination pattern408for light display elements304based upon determined performance information. In one example of operation, system100displays each measured metric of a particular activity within a pre-defined performance range. For example, for that particular activity, a heart rate metric may range between 80 beats per minute and 190 beats per minute, wherein an optimal (goal) rate may be 160 beats per minute. In another example, the user may define a target pace of a seven minute mile while running, with a minimum pace of a 9 minute mile and a maximum pace of a 4 minute mile. System100may provide feedback to the user for both heart rate and pace. When system100provides such goal oriented guidance, once the goal is established, the feedback from system100allows the user to be aware of progress towards the goal without requiring the user to lose focus by concentrating on specific metrics or values.

Using user interface150, the user may select a particular metric for display, wherein microcontroller102subdivides minima and maxima of the metric into one or more sequential zones402, illustrated as arrows withinFIG. 4. For example, where the metric is speed, the desired range is between a minimum and a maximum speed; for a heart rate metric, the desired range is between low and high heart rate thresholds. One or more light display elements304are assigned to each zone402, as shown. Specifically, light display element304(1) is assigned to zone402(1), light display element304(2) is assigned to zone402(2), light display element304(3) is assigned to zone402(3), light display element304(4) is assigned to zone402(4), light display element304(5) is assigned to zone402(5), light display element304(6) is assigned to zone402(6), and light display element304(7) is assigned to zone402(7). When the user's determined activity level falls within one of these zones, microcontroller102generates illumination pattern408such that corresponding display element(s) is differentiated from the remaining display elements by modulating one or more visual characteristics, such as intensity, duty cycle, flashing rate, and color.

In the example ofFIG. 4, all light display elements304are utilized for displaying one activity metric406. However, light display elements304may be divided into smaller virtual arrays for displaying more than one activity metric simultaneously. For example, light display elements304(1)-(3) may display a first activity metric, light display element304(4) may display a second activity metric, and light display elements304(5)-(7) may display a third activity metric. In another embodiment, peripheral vision device104automatically cycles between displayed metrics. In another embodiment, peripheral vision device104displays the metric indicating greatest variance from a preconfigured goal for that metric.

FIG. 5shows exemplary use of a peripheral vision device104′ having two linear rows of seven light display elements504each. In this example, the top row of elements504(1)-(7) displays a first activity metric506(1) and the second row of elements504(8)-(14) displays a second activity metric506(2). The first activity metric506(1) is divided into seven zones502(1)-(7), and the second activity metric506(2) is divided into seven zones502(8)-(14). In this example of peripheral vision device104′, light display element504(5) indicated that a user is performing within zone502(5) for first activity metric506(1) and light display element504(10) indicated that the user is performing in zone502(10) for second activity metric506(2). If, in this example, first activity metric506(1) displays heart rate performance, and second activity metric506(2) displays pace, and both zones502(4) and502(11) represent target zones for each activity, respectively, microcontroller102generates an illumination pattern508for display on peripheral vision device104′ such that the user may simultaneously see that his or her heart rate is higher, and his or her pace is lower, than their respective target zones. Peripheral vision device104′ may concurrently display more than two metrics. For example, the linear array formed of display elements504(1)-(7) may be sub-divided to show two different metrics. Alternatively, different colors may be used within the linear array formed of display elements504(1)-(7), where each color displays a different metric.

FIG. 6shows system100attached to one arm604of a pair of sunglasses602using attachment mechanism206(e.g., a clip) such that boom202positions peripheral vision device104within a peripheral field of vision of a user wearing sunglasses602. Although shown positioned outside of the lens of sunglasses602, the flexibility and position memory of boom202allows it to be positioned within the lens of sunglasses602, as preferred by the user. For example, where boom202has an outer gripper material, as described above, boom202may be attached to the lower inside surface of the lens.FIG. 6may also illustrate physical embodiments of systems700,800and1200.

In an embodiment, system100determines the user's performance periodically, and, as the determined performance changes from one zone to another, microcontroller102generates illumination patterns (e.g., illumination pattern408,508) and controls light display elements304to provide feedback to the user. The user may use this feedback to guide his activity towards a desired (preferred or optimal) activity level. Where sensors170a-cof system100monitor activity of other devices (e.g., vehicles, equipments, and so on.), the feedback may guide the user's operation of those devices.

To prevent fatigue of the user's eyes, system100may dim or extinguish display elements of peripheral vision device104(and optionally other components of system100). For example, system100may display metrics when that metric changes, and later may dim the corresponding display elements to prevent the user's eyes from becoming fatigued. Optional audio output device120and optional vibration device122, if included, may continue to provide performance feedback when display elements of peripheral vision device104are dimmed or extinguished, or devices120and122may be silenced and/or stilled also.

In one embodiment, the range of the currently specified activity metric may be applied across multiple pages of display elements. A single page of information is mapped with some or all display elements and presented at any given time, with pages incrementing or decrementing automatically as the user activity crosses the page thresholds. Alternatively, input from the user (e.g., a nod of the head or a tap on the frame of system100detected by accelerometers within system100) may transition from one page to another. In one example of operation, system100may be configured to turn off the display (or fade the display) when the user is operating within defined target zones, and to activate the display when the user varies from those target zones. See flowchart1900ofFIG. 19for example. In another example of operation, where a metric display indicates that the user is within a target zone and the user is not within a target zone of a different metric, system100may automatically change to display the different metric. Optionally, system100may also provide audible and/or vibration feedback when changing the displayed metric.

In one example of operation, system100periodically monitors performance of a user and provides feedback using peripheral vision device104. A central light display element304(4) indicates that the user has reached a target performance level based upon information received from sensors110and/or sensors170a-c. If the user's performance level changes, microcontroller102may alter the displayed illumination pattern to indicate the changes in performance to the user. For example, if the user's performance level drops, light display element304(3) may illuminate, and light display element304(4) may extinguish. When the user's performance drops further, the light display element304(3) is extinguished and light display element304(2) illuminates. On the other hand, if the uses performance level exceeds the target performance level, light display element304(5) eliminates and light display element304(4) is extinguished. In another example of operation, a single light display element304indicates a target zone is achieved by the user for at least one metric, and additionally illuminated light display elements304indicate variance from that target zone, the greater the number of illuminated light display elements304, the greater the user's variance from the target zone. In yet another example of operation, variance from a metric target zone is indicated by the number of illuminated light display elements304, where the greater the user's variance from the target zone, the greater the number of elements illuminated. In another operational example, one or more light display elements304are illuminated when the user reaches a target zone, and are extinguished or dimmed when the user varies from that target zone.

The span of the activity metric range, as well as the number of zones, and width of each zone within this range, may be specified or adjusted by the user prior to, or during activity. Optionally, the user may select the light display elements304and preferred visual modulation characteristics for one or more zones402.

Fixed vs. Dynamic Zones

In one embodiment, the span and zone characteristics of each available activity metric are fixed (e.g., within configuration160) for the duration of the activity session in accordance with predefined settings. In another embodiment, the span and zone characteristics may vary in accordance with a preselected activity profile. For example, the activity profile may be preconfigured (e.g., within configuration160) by the user using one of a smart phone, a PC, and a tablet computer. In one example of operation, the user defines the activity profile to include an initial warm-up phase at a lower activity level, followed by a higher intensity phase such as during interval training, and finally a lower intensity cool-down phase. The user may select from an available selection of predefined activity profiles, or may define new profiles. For example, the user may define the duration of each activity profile. In one embodiment, zones are automatically adjusted by system100when one or more milestones are reached by the user. In another embodiment, zones may be adjusted by a device external to system100, such as a remote control, PC, smart phone, and tablet PC. For example, a coach may use a remote control device to change a user's zones during a training session. In another embodiment, zones may be automatically changed based upon a wellness environment, where metrics such as a calorie threshold are reached. In yet another embodiment, zones are defined during an activity by the user indicating (e.g., tapping system100) via user interface150that a current intensity of an activity is within a target zone. Similarly, the user may define a lowest range of a zone and a highest range of a zone by indicating using user interface150.

Activity Metric Display & Selection

In one exemplary configuration, system100is connected to a plurality of sensors110,170a-c, and displays one activity metric at a time. That is, system100allocates light display elements304to display the single activity metric, as opposed to displaying multiple activity metrics simultaneously.

User interface150allows the user to cycle through the available activity metrics to select one or more activity metrics for display. In one embodiment, sensors110include an accelerometer utilized by system100to determine activity metrics that also may be used to sense taps on system100by the user. In another embodiment, user interface150includes a microphone158that receives voice commands from the user, wherein microcontroller102includes voice recognition capability to interpret the commands to control system100. In another embodiment, a remote control device is operated by the user to change metrics displayed by system100. For example, the user may have a remote control device attached to a handlebar of a vehicle being ridden that allows the metric displayed on system100to be changed without removing his or her hands from the handlebars. In another example, a coach, teammate, or official has the remote control to select the metric displayed by system100to the user. In one embodiment, the remote control is an application (app) running on a smart phone, tablet, or other similar device. The application has the ability to receive metrics (e.g., metrics from a machine being used by the user of system100, environmental metrics, or other metrics not processed by system100), perform complex algorithms, and act like a coach to change target zone settings or other performance metrics of system100on the fly. The application may be configured to focus on goal oriented performance and may be for example written by (and/or audio cues may be provided using the voice of) a coach or fitness celebrity.

In response to user input, system100may provide visual or audio prompts to the user. For example, peripheral vision device104may display a specific sequence indicating selection of a desired activity metric for display. Alternatively, each activity metric may have a unique visual characteristic, such as color, to identify the activity metric being displayed.

In one embodiment, light display elements304are divided between two or more activity metrics such that these metrics are displayed simultaneously. This allocation of light display elements304to one or more activity metrics may be pre-defined and may be defined by the user before or during activity. Thus, the user may receive feedback for multiple activity metrics simultaneously without additional interaction.

In an alternative mode of operation, light display elements304may be simultaneously shared among one or more activity metrics by utilizing unique visual characteristics for each activity metric. For example, the determined heart rate of the user may be displayed in the form of a slow-flashing red light display element in a position relative to a heart rate target zone. At the same time, the speed of the user may be displayed as a fast-flashing green light display element within the peripheral vision device at a position relative to a target speed zone. In one embodiment, a single light display element304capable of outputting light at any one of a plurality of colors is used to provide multiple metrics, where a particular color indicates a particular metric and where an intensity and/or modulation frequency of light output at that color indicates a value for the metric. In another embodiment, multiple light display elements304each capable of outputting light at any one of a plurality of colors allows transition effects to be implemented by system100to indicate a change in displayed metric. Exemplary transition effects include a wave effect from one side of peripheral vision device104to the other, a curtain effect where transition from one metric to the next starts in the middle of peripheral vision device104and progresses towards each side, and a reverse curtain effect where transition from one metric to the next starts at both sides of peripheral vision device104and progresses towards the middle.

In one embodiment, light display elements304are implemented as seven tricolor LEDs that are each assigned to predefined training zones obtained by subdividing a user-defined minimum-maximum span for each activity metric. As the determined performance of the user transitions into each zone, the corresponding LED will flash for several seconds before fading away to reduce annoyance to the user. The user will most often attempt to center his activity in the ‘central’ training zone, which is the 3rd LED from either side. The user can cycle between available activity metrics by tapping system100(or using other input method of user interface150) to change modes. In addition, system100allows the user to specify custom activity profiles for each activity metric such that the zone mapping is modified dynamically during the training session. The objective for the user is to maintain his performance within the centrally displayed zone through the duration of the training session, which will require that he adjusts his effort to match the current zone profile.

Audio Output

If audio output device120is included within system100, audible voice or sound cues may also be provided to the user based upon determined activity performance metrics, and to provide operational feedback prompts to the user. For example, system100may be configured to provide, via audio output device120, motivational support based upon detected activity performance of the user. Optionally, audio output device120may be configured to play custom audio clips from music tracks and provide other tones to indicate measured performance. In one embodiment, one or more audio clips and music files may be stored within storage device132and retrieved by microcontroller102and played using audio output device120. In another embodiment, audio data is downloaded via one or both of wireless receiver/transceiver106and interface130. Audio output device120may include a voice synthesis module121for generating voice output. In one example of operation, the user of system100downloads and installs audio clips of a celebrity that provide prompts and cues for playback during a workout.

Activity performance audio feedback may include audible cues, or a verbal description of the user's speed, distance, workout time, or other current, average, and/or historical activity metric. This audio feedback may be provided on demand as a result of a user input, or may be provided at predefined activity points (e.g., when the user reaches an activity objective or crosses a threshold related to one or more activity metrics) or based upon one or more predetermined time intervals. In one example of operation, system100provides a verbal readout of a user's heart rate determined at predefined 5 minute or 1 mile intervals. In another example of operation, system100provides a verbal notification that a user's average speed for the current session has dropped below a predefined threshold; the user is thereby made aware that a performance adjustment is required to achieve a desired level. In another example of operation, system100provides a verbal notification to a user of remaining time and/or distance in the current session. In another example of operation, system100provides an audible indication using audio output device120when the user's performance transitions between zones (e.g., transitions from zone402(4) to zone402(3)). Feedback is not limited to the user's performance, but may also include vehicular performance metrics, safety metrics, gaming metrics, warnings, and other useful information.

System100may provide operational feedback prompts that include audible cues during mode transitions, on or off transitions, active sensor changes, configuration setting adjustment, and low battery status. Audio output device120may include (wired or wireless) one or more of speakers, ear inserts, and headphones, each of which may be mechanically integrated, attached, or detached from peripheral vision device104. In one embodiment, audio output device120includes a speaker that is positioned in close proximity to, and directed towards, the user's ear to maximize the available volume to the user. Audio output device120may provide audible cues to the user such as for downloading, charging, uploading, update available, connected, and disconnected.

System Configuration

Configuration160of system100may be defined using PC172(e.g., a MAC or Windows based personal computer, laptop, tablet PC, and smart phone) connected to interface130via communication path174. In one embodiment, interface130represents a Bluetooth interface that is incorporated within wireless receiver/transceiver106, and communication path174is wireless, thereby allowing system100to be configured wirelessly and without a physical connection. In another embodiment, interface130and wireless receiver/transceiver106are packaged together with microcontroller102. In yet another embodiment, interface130represents a wired connection with PC172and communication path174is a wired connection such as a USB cable. System100may use other wired and/or wireless communication devices and modules without departing from the scope hereof. For example, system100may utilize one or more of WiFi, ANT FS, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Zigbee, EM, and other such protocols and interfaces.

In one embodiment, a user connects system100to PC172for configuration and customization. While connected to PC172, configuration160of system100may be defined for future use, performance metric data may be downloaded and saved to the device, and firmware (e.g., software103within microcontroller102) within system100may be updated. In one example, a graphical user interface (GUI) based application may run on the PC to support configuration and control of system100. In one embodiment, system100utilizes a GUI running on the external device for displaying data and interacting with the user.

A user may utilize the PC GUI application to select or design activity profiles (e.g., workout profiles). For example, the user may generate a time series graph of a desired activity metric profile as a function of time, and select the associated target zone thresholds for one or more activity metrics. The PC GUI application may process the graph to generate a configuration file that is uploaded to system100. In one embodiment, system100stores a plurality of predefined profiles (e.g., within configuration160) that may be selected by the user (e.g., by interacting with user interface150) without need of a PC.

The PC GUI application may also allow sharing, via the Internet for example, of generated workout profiles. For example, a coach could prepare a week's worth of workout profiles and send them to each team member. At the end of the week each team member may upload their recorded performance data to a server (e.g., via a web site) such that team members performance may be graphically compared (e.g., by the team coach). Optionally, generated workout profiles may be shared directly between multiple systems100, for example to allow collaborative workouts.

In one embodiment, the PC GUI application provides a map interface on which the user draws a desired route, or allows the user to select from historical routes, or to select from routes published by other users. In one embodiment, the PC GUI displays a map and allows the user to select a desired path, the coordinates of which form a route profile that the user wishes to follow during training. The PC GUI may then allow the user to specify desired performance metrics at various points along the route. During operation, in addition to providing performance feedback to the user as described above, system100may provide turn-by-turn guidance to the user indicates, either by using peripheral vision device104or by using an audible prompt. For example, system100may prompt the users that a turn in the predefined route is approaching. System100may also provide other information to the user, such as safety information including approaching hazards, and may also provide information such as approaching sustenance points, such as water, food, fuel, and so on. Alternatively, system100may provide directional information to allow the user to find these points, and/or avoid hazards.

In another embodiment, system100allows the user to record information during an activity. For example, on a cycle ride, a user instructs system100to record a hazard at the current location, whereupon system100determines (e.g., using a GPS sensor, time on journey, or other metrics) a current location of the user and transmits that information to the PC GUI application, where it is annotated to a map in the form of a symbol and/or transcribed text from the users recorded speech.

Automatic Mode Detection

System100may automatically detect a mode of use. Detected modes may include stopped, walking, running, and cycling. System100may utilize one or more of sensors110and170a-cto determine the current mode. For example, microcontroller102may process a signal from an accelerometer to detect a walking gait within the signal, and may process a signal from a GNSS receiver to determine that the user is moving at a speed of 2 miles per hour. Based upon these two signals, system100may therefore determine that the user is walking. In another example, system100may determine that the user is cycling if a measured speed of the user is between 6 and 30 miles per hour and a cadence is within a cycling range. System100may utilize input from more than one sensor to determine a current activity of the user. If the determined mode transitions, system100may generate an audio prompt to request confirmation of the mode change (e.g., by tapping or other input to user interface150) by the user.

Other Features

In one embodiment, system100utilizes wireless receiver/transceiver106(or an additional wireless receiver) to receive voice communication data for playing through audio output device120. In another embodiment, system100includes a transceiver (e.g., in place of or together with wireless receiver/transceiver106) that receives voice communication data from other systems, and transmits voice communication data received via microphone158from the user to other systems, thereby providing two way wireless voice communication between users of system100. See for exampleFIG. 20and its associated description. In one example of operation of this embodiment, voice input is received via microphone158and transmitted via wireless receiver/transceiver106to an external device where it is interpreted and acted upon, such as to control gear selection in a vehicle and/or operation of lights. In one embodiment, voice commands received via microphone158are interpreted by microcontroller102as input to system100.

In another similar embodiment, wireless receiver/transceiver106of system100receives voice communications from a coach station2002such that a coach may communicate in real time with the user (e.g., to provide additional feedback and/or tips).

In another embodiment, system100includes a transmitter for broadcasting performance information (or raw sensor data) as a wireless signal2004to coach station2002. Coach station2002may represent a mobile device such as one or more of a smart phone, a laptop computer, and a tablet computer). Coach station2002may then display instantaneous graphing and provide near-field feedback to allow the coach to view performance data substantially in real-time.

FIG. 7shows one exemplary head-mounted system700for displaying performance information generated by a remote intermediary processor770. System700is similar to system100,FIG. 1, and includes a microcontroller702, a peripheral vision device704, and a wireless transceiver706. Microcontroller702may include memory (non-volatile and volatile), one or more analog to digital converters, and other functionality, as typically found in microcontroller devices. Microcontroller702is shown with software703, stored within a memory of microcontroller702for example, which contains machine readable instructions that when executed by microcontroller702perform functionality of system700. Peripheral vision device704is controlled by microcontroller702and positioned within a peripheral vision area of a user of system700.

System700receives performance information wirelessly from remote intermediary processor770, which is external to system700. Optionally, microcontroller702also determines performance information from one or more of sensors710,754, and756, if included. Intermediary processor770receives sensor data from external sensors740(either wirelessly as shown inFIG. 7, or wired) and determines performance of the user based upon that data. Intermediary processor770may also include one or more internal sensors776for sensing activity of a user and/or a device. Intermediary processor770then transmits the determined performance to microcontroller702via wireless transceiver706for display on peripheral vision device704.

System700has a user interface750for receiving input from the user that may include one or more of: an actuator752, a motion sensor754, a proximity sensor756, a capacitive sensor757, and a microphone758. Operation of user interface750is similar to operation of user interface150of system100,FIG. 1. Actuator752represents an input device (e.g., a push button switch) and/or a slider that allows the user to interact with microcontroller702. In one embodiment, actuator752is used to activate and deactivate system700. Motion sensors754may include one or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes for detecting movement of system700. Proximity sensor756detects proximity changes of system700relative to other objects (e.g., the user's hand). Capacitive sensor757detects changes in capacitance, such as touch of the user's finger and motion of that finger along a surface proximate to capacitive sensor757. Microphone758may be used to receive voice commands from the user. User interface750allows system700to recognize user gestures, such as: button pushes (long and/or short duration); taps—single, double, and triple taps and finger presence/touch/motion by the user on system700; and user movements such as head tilts, and head nods and/or shakes. Microcontroller702may also interpret combinations of inputs (e.g., button pushes and taps) from the user as sensed by user interface750.

System700may also include one or more internal sensors710that couple with microcontroller702to sense performance of the user. The internal sensors710may include one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, a GNSS receiver (e.g., GPS), a power sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor, and a proximity sensor. Optionally, sensors of user interface750and sensors710may provide both user input information and performance information. For example, information received from an accelerometer within sensors710may also be interpreted provide user input information.

System700may also include an audio output device720coupled with microcontroller702for generating audio information (e.g., tones and voice information readout) to a user of system700. System700may also include a vibration device721for providing tactile feedback to the user.

System700may also include a interface730coupled with microcontroller702that enables communication between system700and one or more of a PC, a smart phone, a tablet, and other intelligent devices having wireless capability. In one example of operation, a PC is used to configure performance zones and thresholds of system700via a USB interface of interface730. Interface730may represent any known communication means for communicating with an external device. In one embodiment, interface730may be incorporated within wireless transceiver706. In one example of operation, system700utilizes one or more of user interface750and sensor710to allow a user to configure system700.

External sensors740and intermediary processor770may represent, alone or on combination, one or more of: a smart phone, a heart rate monitor; a running speed/distance/cadence sensor; a vehicle engine management unit; a bike speed/distance/cadence/power sensor; a bike computer; an exercise equipment computer (e.g., treadmill); a (digital) pressure sensor (for height information); a GNSS receiver (e.g., GPS); a temperature sensor; a light sensor; a proximity sensor, and other such devices. Optionally, intermediary processor770may utilize an interface772for configuration of a desired performance. For example, interface772may attach to intermediary processor770or may be incorporated within intermediary processor770. Interface772may provide WiFi, Bluetooth, USB, and other wired and wireless communication capability for communicating with a PC, a tablet computer, a smart phone. Optionally, intermediary processor770may include a user interface774for interaction with a user. External sensors740may represent other sensors for sensing other activities without departing from the scope hereof. Intermediary processor770includes software such that a microcontroller of intermediary processor, executing the software, processes signals from the internal sensors776and/or external sensors740to determine performance of the user or vehicle being ridden or driven by the user. One or more external sensors740may also be directly wired thereto (i.e., without requiring a wireless interface).

In one embodiment, where intermediary processor770is a smart phone, microcontroller702utilizes wireless transceiver706for bi-directional communication with intermediary processor770, and may send raw data, collected from one or more of sensors710,754,756, and/or microphone758of system700to intermediary processor770for processing. Microcontroller702may then receive processing results from intermediary processor770for optional further processing and display on peripheral vision device704.

System700may provide the user with performance feedback such as: current, average, max or min speed/pace; current, average, max or min heart rate; distance traveled; total energy expended; % through workout; duration; clock time; workout zone transition (or zone number cue); heart rate zone; timer; lap time; current, average, min or max power; and current, average, min or max cadence. In one example, system700provides an indication of when the user should replenish energy and/or rehydrate based upon total energy expended by the user and/or other sensed conditions of the user.

In one example of operation, microcontroller702receives performance information from intermediary processor770via wireless transceiver706, sensor data from sensors710if included, and from sensors754and756of user interface750. Software703is executed within microcontroller702to process this performance information and sensor data, to generate an illumination pattern (e.g., illumination pattern408,508), and to control peripheral vision device704to display the illumination pattern using peripheral vision device704such that the user is informed of the determined performance. Where included, audio output device720is also controlled by microcontroller702(e.g., when executing software703) to provide audible information to the user.

In one embodiment, intermediary processor770and external sensors740are integrated with a waterproof housing that couples to a swimmer's body (e.g., at the neck). Similarly, electronics701are enclosed within a waterproof housing and integrated with swimming goggles, such that the user when wearing system700and intermediary processor770may receive feedback on swimming metrics, such as length time, stroke rate, and so on. For example, sensors710and740may represent one or more of accelerometers, gyroscopes and light detectors for sensing swimming activity of the user.

In one embodiment, intermediary processor770is a smart phone (e.g., an iPhone® or other similar device), a tablet computer (e.g., an iPad® or other similar device), or a media player (e.g., an iPod® or iPod Touch® or other similar device), a bicycle computer, a netbook, or other such device. User interface750of system700may be used to control intermediary processor770, for example to adjust playback of audio from intermediary processor770via audio output device720.

FIG. 8shows one exemplary head mounted system800for displaying signal information within a peripheral vision area of a user. System800includes a microcontroller802, a peripheral vision device804, and a wireless transceiver806. Microcontroller802may include memory (non-volatile and volatile), one or more analog to digital converters, and other functionality, as typically found in microcontroller devices. Microcontroller802is shown with software803, stored within a memory of microcontroller802for example, which includes machine readable instructions that when executed by microcontroller802performs functionality of system800.

Peripheral vision device804is controlled by microcontroller802and positioned within a peripheral vision area of a user of system800. System800receives performance information from signaling device870via wireless transceiver806. Wireless transceiver806may have the capability of one or more of WiFi, Bluetooth, and other wireless protocols. Signaling device870may represent one or more of a mobile phone, an alarm system, a tablet computer, a PC, a vehicle engine management unit, a control system, and other such similar systems. Signaling device870transmits a signal to microcontroller802via wireless transceiver806to indicate a status (e.g., of a device or system being monitored by signaling device870). Microcontroller802then generates an illumination pattern based upon the signal and controls peripheral vision device804to display the illumination pattern to indicate the status to the user.

System800has a user interface850for receiving input from the user. User interface850may include one or more of: an actuator852, motion sensors854, a proximity sensor856, and a capacitive sensor857. Actuator852represents an input device (e.g., a push button switch and/or a slider) that allows the user to interact with microcontroller802. In one embodiment, actuator852is used to activate and deactivate system800. Motion sensor854may include one or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes for detecting movement of system800. Proximity sensor856detects proximity changes of system800relative to other objects (e.g., the user's hand). Capacitive sensor857detects touch and/or motion of a user's fingertips on a surface proximate sensor857as an input to system800. Microcontroller802may detect gestures by the user using one or more of motion sensor854and capacitive sensor857. User interface850allows system800to recognize user gestures, such as: button pushes (long and/or short duration); taps—single, double, or triple taps by the user on system800; finger touches and sliding motion; and user movements such as head tilts, and head nods and/or shakes. Microcontroller802may also interpret combinations of inputs (e.g., gestures, button pushes and taps) from the user as sensed by user interface850.

System800may also include one or more internal sensors810that couple with microcontroller802to sense performance of the user or other environmental conditions. The internal sensors810may represent one or more of an accelerometer, a GNSS receiver, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, a power sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor, and a proximity sensor. In one example, internal sensor810senses temperature of the user. In another example, sensor810senses environmental light levels. Optionally, sensors of user interface850and internal sensors810may provide both user input information and performance information. For example, information received from an accelerometer of sensors810may also be used to detect user input information.

System800may also include an audio output device820coupled with microcontroller802for generating audio information (e.g., tones and voice information readout) to a user of system800. In one embodiment, audio output device820also includes a vibration device for signaling to the user where audio signals may not be heard (e.g., in noisy environments).

System800may also include an interface830coupled with microcontroller802that enables communication between system800and a PC. In one example of operation, a personal computer may be used to configure performance zones and thresholds of system800via a USB interface of interface830. In one embodiment, interface830may be incorporated within wireless transceiver806, wherein system800communicates wirelessly with one or more of a PC, a tablet computer, a smart phone, and other devices having wireless capability. In another example, system800utilizes one or more of user interface850and internal sensor810to allow a user to configure system800.

FIG. 9is an exemplary perspective view showing system800ofFIG. 8configured as a frame902for a pair of glasses. A plurality of light display elements910are positioned within frames902around one or both lenses to form peripheral vision device804such that light display elements910are within a peripheral vision area of one or both eyes of the user when the glasses are worn. Although shown with thirteen light display elements910on each half of frame902, system800may have more of fewer light display elements without departing from the scope hereof.

Light display elements910may be positioned to form a linear array912such that level signals may be displayed (e.g., the number of light display elements illuminated within array912may indicate a level). Each of light display elements910may be a single color, bicolor or tricolor, to convey information to the user. The linear array may be positioned at any point around the user's peripheral vision area, such as at the bottom or side of frame902. One or more of light display elements910may operate to project light onto other objects for viewing by the user. For example, light display elements910may project light onto a lens (polarized or non-polarized) that is within the peripheral field of vision of the user when wearing the glasses integrated with system800. In another example, light display elements910project light onto an intermediate lens or screen which is within the peripheral field of vision of the user when wearing the glasses integrated with system800.

A housing906formed on ear piece904of frames902contains electronics801that includes microcontroller802, wireless transceiver806, and user interface850, and optionally includes interface830and internal sensors810. Housing906may also be positioned at other convenient and/or ergonomic locations on frames902without departing from the scope hereof. Housing906may also include a battery (not shown) for powering electronics801and peripheral vision device804. The battery may also be positioned elsewhere (e.g., within a separate housing on the other ear piece of the glasses) without departing from the scope hereof. In one embodiment, a housing (e.g., housing906) may be positioned on each earpiece of frames902and electronics101,701,801, and1201, distributed therebetween.

System800may include other sources of energy, such as energy harvesting systems, solar energy collectors, and so on, without departing from the scope hereof.

In one example of use, signaling device870represents a heart rate monitoring device that is measuring the heart rate of a patient within a hospital, and where system800, in the form of frames902, is worn by a doctor performing a procedure on the patient. While maintaining his view on the procedure being performed, the doctor receives an indication (e.g., periodically, or when one or more predefined thresholds are reached) of the patients heart rate from peripheral vision device804. The indication may take the form of one or more light display elements910flashing to indicate that the patient heart rate has exceeded the predefined threshold, and may utilize array912to indicate a rate of change in the measured heart rate (e.g., by a running light effect).

In another example of use, signaling device870represents a timer associated with a setting time of cement used by a dentist on a patient's tooth. The dentist has the cement mixed and applies it to the tooth, applying pressure to the tooth (e.g., holding the crown or veneer in place) while the cement sets. Signaling device870sends a timing signal to microcontroller802via wireless transceiver806, and microcontroller802utilizes peripheral vision device804to show a countdown of remaining time (e.g., using array912). When the timer expires, signaling device870sends a signal to microcontroller802via wireless transceiver806, wherein microcontroller flashes a different one of light display elements910in a green color to indicate that the cement is set.

In another example of use, sensor810includes an infrared temperature sensor (or radiation sensor) that is attached to (or built into) frames902and directionally aligned with the view of a user wearing frames902. Microcontroller802receives and processes a signal from this sensor to determine a temperature of an object being viewed. Microcontroller802then compares this temperature to at least one threshold (e.g., a maximum temperature) and controls peripheral vision device804to indicate a sensed temperature that exceeds the defined threshold. For example, this could provide a warning to the user approaching a hot object. In another example, the array912displays an indication of measured temperature, thereby operating as a limited infrared vision aid. It will be appreciated that althoughFIG. 9shows system800configured as frames902, systems100,700or1200(described below) may likewise be integrated with frames902.

Frames902may also contain other sensors810that couple with electronics801to enhance safety of a wearer of system800. For example, sensors810may include gas sensors such that system800provides a warning to the wearer when a certain gas (or lack thereof) is detected by sensors810.

FIG. 10is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of systems100,700, and1200in the form of a headset body1002that has an ear clip1004, an ear piece1006, and a microphone1008. Ear clip1004may optionally include an inner-ear clip (not shown) for securing headset body1002in position. Ear piece1006is formed to fit the human ear and includes audio output device120,720,820,1220. Microphone1008may represent microphone158,758,1208of user interface150,750,1250, and/or may represent a microphone of sensors110,710and1210. Electronics101,701, and1201within headset body1002represent components of microcontroller102,702,1202, user interface150,750,1250, wireless receiver/transceiver106, wireless transceiver706, and cellular transceiver1206. A boom1012connected to headset body1002positions peripheral vision device104,704, and1204within a peripheral vision area of the user wearing system100,700, and1200.

FIG. 11is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of systems100,700, and1200in the form of a headset body1102that has a clip1104, an ear piece1106, and a microphone1108. Clip1104attaches headset body1102to an ear piece1105of a pair of glasses, for example. Ear piece1106is formed to fit the human ear and includes audio output device120,720,820,1220. Microphone1108may represent microphone158,758,1208of user interface150,750,1250, and/or may represent a microphone of sensors110,710and1210. Electronics101,701, and1201within headset body1102represents components of microcontroller102,702,1202, user interface150,750,1250, wireless receiver/transceiver106, wireless transceiver706, and cellular transceiver1206. A boom1112connected to headset body1102positions peripheral vision device104,704, and1204within a peripheral vision area of the user wearing system100,700, and1200. Clip1104may also attach headset body1102to other articles word by the user, such as a helmet, a ball-cap, goggles, and a visor.

FIG. 12shows one exemplary head-mounted cellular phone system1200that includes a microcontroller1202, a peripheral vision device1204, and a cellular transceiver1206. Microcontroller1202may include memory (non-volatile and volatile), one or more analog to digital converters, and other functionality, as typically found in microcontroller devices. Microcontroller1202is shown with software1203, stored within a memory of microcontroller1202for example, which contains machine readable instructions that when executed by microcontroller1202performs functionality of system1200.

Peripheral vision device1204is controlled by microcontroller1202and positioned within a peripheral vision area of a user of system1200for displaying information associated with operation of system1200. For example, microcontroller1202may utilize peripheral vision device1204to display an illumination pattern (e.g., illumination pattern408,508) that indicates one or more of incoming calls, incoming text messages, incoming emails, calendar events, signal strength, and battery status.

System1200has a user interface1250for receiving input from the user. User interface1250may include one or more of: an actuator1252, motion sensors1254, a proximity sensor1256, and a capacitive sensor1257. Actuator1252represents an input device (e.g., a push button switch) that allows the user to interact with microcontroller1202. In one embodiment, actuator1252is used to activate and deactivate system1200. Motion sensors1254may include one or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes for detecting movement of system1200. Proximity sensor1256detects proximity changes of system1200relative to other objects (e.g., the user's hand). Capacitive sensor1257detects touch and/or motion of a user's fingertips on a surface proximate sensor1257as an input to system1200. User interface1250allows system1200to recognize user gestures, such as: button pushes (long and/or short duration); taps—single, double, or triple taps by the user on system1200; touches and/or finger movements along a surface of system1200; and movements such as head tilts, and head nods and/or shakes. Microcontroller1202may also interpret combinations of inputs (e.g., button pushes and taps) from the user as sensed by user interface1250.

In one example of operation, microcontroller1202display indication of an incoming call to cellular transceiver1206using peripheral vision device1204. Upon noticing the displayed indication, the user nods to indicate that system1200should answer the call, whereupon microcontroller1202instructs cellular transceiver1206to answer the incoming call and allows the user to hear the caller via audio output device1220and speak to the caller via a microphone1258.

System1200may also include one or more internal sensors1210that couple with microcontroller1202to sense performance of the user. The internal sensors1210may include one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, a power sensor, a temperature sensor, a light sensor, GNSS (GPS), and a proximity sensor. Optionally, sensors of user interface1250and sensors1210may provide one or more of user input information, environmental information, and performance information. For example, information received from an accelerometer within sensors1210may also be interpreted provide user input information.

System1200may also include a interface1230coupled with microcontroller1202that enables communication between system1200and a PC or other device such as a tablet, a smart phone, a media player, and other similar devices. In one example of operation, a PC connected to interface1230is used to configure contact information and other operation parameters of system1200via a USB interface. Interface1230may also represent a wireless transceiver (e.g., Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy) for communicating with the PC without departing from the scope hereof.

FIG. 13shows one exemplary head mounted system1300for displaying sound indications within a peripheral vision area of a user of system1300. System1300includes a microcontroller1302, a peripheral vision device1304, and may include a wireless transceiver (not shown) similar to transceiver806. Microcontroller1302may include memory (non-volatile and volatile), one or more analog to digital converters, and other functionality, as typically found in microcontroller devices. Microcontroller1302is shown with software1303, stored within a memory of microcontroller1302for example, which has machine readable instructions that when executed by microcontroller1302performs functionality of system1300, as describe below.

Peripheral vision device1304is positioned within a peripheral vision area of a user of system1300and controlled by microcontroller1302to display an illumination pattern that indicates sounds detected by microphones1358. Software1303includes one or more algorithms for processing data collected by microcontroller1302from microphones1358to identify one or more of: intensity, frequency, spectral content, and direction of the sound source.

System1300has a user interface1350for receiving input from the user. User interface1350may include one or more of: an actuator1352, motion sensors1354, a proximity sensor1356, and a capacitive sensor1357. Actuator1352represents an input device (e.g., a push button switch) that allows the user to interact with microcontroller1302. In one embodiment, actuator1352is used to activate and deactivate system1300. Motion sensor1354may include one or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes for detecting movement of system1300. Proximity sensor1356detects proximity changes of system1300relative to other objects (e.g., the user's hand). Capacitive sensor1357detects touch and/or motion of a user's fingertips on a surface proximate sensor1357as an input to system1300. User interface1350allows system1300to recognize user gestures, such as: button pushes (long and/or short duration); taps—single, double, or triple taps by the user on system1300; touches and/or finger movements along a surface of system1300; and movements such as head tilts, and head nods and/or shakes. Microcontroller1302may also interpret combinations of inputs (e.g., button pushes and taps) from the user as sensed by user interface1350. In one embodiment, one or more capacitive sensors1357are positioned proximate to light display elements of peripheral vision device1304such that gestures made by the user (e.g., sliding a finger) along the frame above a lit portion of peripheral vision device1304are input as commands to change one or more settings associated with the displayed metric.

System1300may include one or more sensors1310for sensing the environmental conditions, such as ambient light, body temperature, air temperature, and so on. Sensors1310are similar to sensors110of system100,FIG. 1, for example.

System1300may also include an interface1330coupled with microcontroller1302that enables communication between system1300and one or more of a PC, a tablet, a smart phone, and other similar devices. In one example of operation, the PC is used to configure software1303and thresholds of system1300via a USB interface of interface1330. Interface1330may also represent a wireless transceiver (e.g., Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy) for communicating with the PC.

FIG. 14is a perspective view showing system1300ofFIG. 13configured with frames1402of a pair of glasses. A plurality of light display elements1410are positioned within frames1402around both lenses to form peripheral vision device1304such that light display elements1410are within a peripheral vision area of the user when the glasses are worn. Although shown with thirteen light display elements1410on each half of frames1402, system1300may have more of fewer light display elements without departing from the scope hereof. Light display elements1410may be positioned to form linear arrays1412(L),1412(R) such that level signals may be displayed (e.g., the number of light display elements illuminated within array1412indicates a level). Each light display element1410may be mono-color, bicolor, tricolor, or multi-color, such that additional information of a signal may be conveyed to the user. A housing1406formed on ear piece1404of frames1402contains electronics1301that include microcontroller1302, user interface1350, and optionally interface1330. Housing1406may also include a battery (not shown) for powering electronics1301and peripheral vision device1304. The battery may also be positioned elsewhere (e.g., within a separate housing on the other ear piece of the glasses) without departing from the scope hereof.

In one example of operation, microcontroller1302receives signals from microphones1358(L) and1358(R) and converts them into digital data streams using at least one analog to digital converter. These data streams are then processed by executing software1303to identify and qualify sounds within each data stream. In one example, software1303implements one or more of digital filters, fast Fourier transforms, and other digital signal processing algorithm in conjunction with correlation algorithms. Microcontroller1302correlates the digital data stream from each microphone1358to determine a direction of the sound relative to the position of the microphone and frames1402, thereby deriving a direction relative to the user wearing the frames. Microcontroller1302then illuminates, flashes, and/or otherwise controls one or more light display elements1410of peripheral vision device1304to indicate a type of the sound, the intensity, and the direction. For example, arrays1412(L) and1412(R) may be used to indicate both intensity and direction of the sound, and other light display elements1410may indicate the type of the sound. For example, microcontroller1302executing software1303may identify one or more sounds from a phone ringing, a knock at the door, a doorbell, a fire alarm, a smoke alarm, a car horn, a baby monitor, a baby crying, a male voice, a female voice, and a child's voice.

System1300may also be configured with a wireless transceiver and an intermediary processor, similar to system700ofFIG. 7, such that processing may be performed remotely and results transferred back to system1300for display using peripheral vision device1304.

FIGS. 15A-Cshow perspective views of systems100,700,800,1200, and/or1300configured as a clip-on addition to an ear piece1508of a user's existing glasses1502and sunglasses1552. An attachment device1504allows a housing1506to couple with ear piece1508of glasses1502. Attachment device1504is for example similar to attachment mechanism206ofFIG. 2. A peripheral vision device1512couples with housing1506containing electronics101,701,801,1201,1302of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300, respectively. In one embodiment, peripheral vision device1512includes at least one lens that couples with electronics101,701,801,1201, and1301via at least one fiber optic connection1510. For example, peripheral vision device1512may bond to glass or use an attachment feature such as suction cups for removable positioning. System1500may include more than one peripheral vision device1512without departing from the scope hereof. For example, peripheral vision devices1512may be positioned one or more of the top, the bottom, and the sides of a lens of the user's glasses.

Two systems may be worn together and/or integrated into one piece of headgear. For example, a first system100may be configured on a left side of a user's glasses, and a second system100may be configured on a right side of the user's glasses. The first and second systems then communicate and operate as a single, more capable unit. Displayed metrics and indications may be distributed between light display elements of both systems. For example, the first system100may display a low heart rate indication on a left-most light display element and the second system100may display a high heart rate indication on a right-most light display element. The first and second systems may also display different metrics and when information is uploaded to a PC (e.g., via interface130), information is not duplicated from both units.

As described above, systems100,700,800,1200, and1300may implement a communication protocol that allows two or more units to communicate with one another as well as to communicate with external sensors170a-c/740, intermediary processor770, and signaling device870. In one example, systems100,700,800,1200and1300include transceivers that allow communication based upon ANT communication protocols. Other examples of communication devices and protocols that may be implemented and/or used with systems100,700,800,1200, and1300include BTLE and other Bluetooth (BT) communication devices and protocols. Systems100,700,800,1200, and1300may be configures to use any appropriate type of communication device and protocol without departing from the scope hereof.

Positioning of peripheral vision devices104,704,804,1204, and1304, as described above, may also use other means to enhance reliability and convenience. For example, boom202may include one or more of a suction cup and an adhesive pad, for attaching boom202to a user's goggles or glasses. In another example, boom202includes an attachment clip that allows boom202to attach to items (e.g., glasses, goggles, face protectors, headgear, and so on.) worn by the user.

Additional Examples of Use

In a retail environment, serving staff each wear systems800to receive instructions to better service customers. For example, one or more light display elements of system800may be assigned to indicate a location where more servers are required to help customers. In another example, a server in a restaurant wears system800and one or more light display elements are assigned to indicate that food is ready. In another example, system800is worn by a kitchen worker and one or more indicators are assigned to indicate that more food of a particular type (e.g., hamburger) should be prepared. System800may be used to convey information where speaking directly to people is not convenient.

In another example of use, system100includes a GPS receiver and mapping information of a golf course, such that system100may provide distance information of a current position to a next green when worn by a golfer. In another example, system700is linked to a GPS unit in a golf cart to provide distance information as received wirelessly. One or more user inputs may instruct system100,700as to when to switch to the next hole and to keep track of strokes taken.

In another example of use, system800may be configured to provide timing prompts, such as a time-per-question reminder for a student in an exam. In another example, system800provides prompts to a teacher (or other officiator) from members of the class without disturbing other members of the class.

In another example, system800is worn by sound engineers at a concert, and linear arrays912are used to visually display the DB's (since the engineers typically wear noise cancelling headphones). Similarly, for worker of heavy equipment where audible warnings are less effective, system800may be worn to provide one or more alarm and/or status indications.

In a gaming environment, a player wears system800in the embodiment of frames902to display one or more of kill and hit rates in laser tag. For example, linear array912may indicate one or more of: a “health” of the player in the game, an amount of ammunition left, and time left in the game.

In another example, a cyclist wears system100to view their current performance and to communicate with other cyclists in a peloton. For example, when the front rider needs to switch out, he may utilize the user interface of system100to indicate to other riders in the peloton one or more of: he is about to change out of the lead position, he has equipment problems, and he is going into attack mode. Through use of system100, each member of the team is aware of the required actions at the same time.

In another example, system800couples to a cell phone and displays indication of incoming calls, incoming text messages, and incoming emails. System800may thus operate similar to system1200, but with an external cell phone.

In another example of use, system800is coupled with a GPS receiver and provides an indication of a required direction change based upon the user's location and movement. For example, system800may indicate a left turn, a right turn, straight ahead, and may display compass information to the user. In another example, system800provides clues within a treasure hunt, such as getting closer to and farther from the goal.

In another example of use, system800provides status indications from a laptop, tablet computer (e.g., Apple iPad™) and desktop computer, such as instant messaging and email notifications, without requiring the user to switch to different displays on the computer.

In another example of use, a driver wears system800while driving a car to provide a warning indication (e.g., car malfunction). For example, system800may also indicate backup warnings and/or distances, and may include a range finder to display measured distances to the user, for example to warn if travelling too close to the vehicle in front.

In another example of use, each of a plurality of cyclists wear system100to display their performance information, and to also receive indication of acceleration/deceleration of the other riders (i.e., system100acts as a bicycle brake light). That is, within an ecosystem of cycle riders each wearing at least one system100, certain information may be shared between the riders to enhance safety and promote awareness of intended activities.

In another example of use, system700communicates with an iPhone® to receive performance data from at least one sensor (internal and/or external) and display high level data using peripheral vision device804, while sending the data to the iPhone to allow the data to be stored and/or displayed graphically.

In another example of use, within a manufacturing environment, equipment operators wear system800in the form of a pair of safety glasses, as shown inFIG. 9, to display status information of operated equipment. For example, one or more light display elements may be assigned to indicate that the operator should increase or decrease speed, or that an item has passed inspection or failed inspection. A plant manager may walk through a division wearing system800, and based upon connectivity (e.g., automatically connecting to systems within proximity) may receive an instant display of operation status.

In another example of use, system100is included within a helmet of a football player to indicate selected plays and his performance during training. System100may include a GPS receiver and thus indicate when the player should turn and cut for a selected or predefined play.

In another example of use, system100is built into goggles and/or a helmet worn by a parachutist and used to indicate when the rip-cord should be pulled, or may be used to provide an indication of danger.

In another example of use, system800is worn by a pilot and is in communication with aircraft equipment to provide a status display (e.g., warning lights) and/or other information. In another example, system800couples with one or more gyroscopes mounted within the aircraft to generate an artificial horizon, wherein system800displays attitude information of the aircraft to the pilot.

In another example of use, external sensors (e.g., one or more accelerometers) are attached to a head of a golf club swung by a wearer of system100. As the user swings the club, microcontroller102determines a club head speed, which is reported to the user, either visually using peripheral vision device104and/or audibly via audio output device120. Additional sensors (e.g., sensors110) may be integrated into the grips of the club, such that system100may optionally display the user's grip pressure.

In another example of use, system100is configured within swim goggles to maintain a lap counter and other performance measurements. System100may include a heart rate monitor sensor (e.g., an ear clip) and one or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes that allow microcontroller to determine a swim direction, and thereby count laps.

In another example, system700includes two-way voice communication to other similarly enables systems. For example, cyclists in a peloton each using system700may communicate verbally over short distances, and may use verbal commands to control system700.

In another example of use, system100,700has one or more sensors positioned on an arm or a leg of the user, wherein system100,700displays an indication of body position relative to a set position as used for working out with weights and other equipment. System100,700may then count repetitions of a set of exercises, and even count the number of sets. Where system100,700is preprogrammed with the exercises and total number of sets, system100,700may prompt (either visually and/or audibly) the user as to which exercise/set is next, and how many repetitions/sets/exercises are remaining. System100,700may also interact with another device (e.g., a cell phone, iPod etc.) to display exercises and/or statistics, and receive configuration information as to the number of repetitions, target heart rate, training intervals, etc. After exercising, system100,700may download data to the device for display to the user and/or uploading to a web site for storage and/or comparison with other competitors.

In another embodiment, an automatic wireless cycle brake light system utilizes accelerometers to detect acceleration and/or other methods of detecting changes in motion to control a tail light that varies in intensity and/or color to indicate changes in speed of the cycle. For example, when the user coasts, the light may be yellow, whereas when the user brakes, a high intensity red light is displayed.

In another example of use, a stock broker may configure system800to provide an alert when a stock value (or commodity or market index) drops below, or exceeds, a lower or upper threshold.

In another example of use, an external level sensing device includes at least one accelerometer sensor (e.g., one of sensors170a-c), and sends wireless level information to system100. A user wears system100, which displays the level information from the external device, thereby allowing the user to level equipment for example without constantly referring to the level sensing device itself.

FIGS. 16Aand B show one exemplary head-mounted peripheral vision display system1600integrated with a baseball cap1602. System1600may represent one of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300ofFIGS. 1, 7, 8, 12 and 30, respectively. A peripheral vision device1604is positioned to be able to emit light from an underside of a peak1606of baseball cap1602and a housing1608is positioned on a top surface of peak1606and contains electronics of system1600. Housing1608may be positioned or integrated elsewhere on or within cap1602without departing from the scope hereof. Each light display element1610of peripheral vision device1604is electrically coupled with electronics within housing1608. Optionally, one or more audio output devices1620are integrated with baseball cap1602to provide audio output from system1600. Audio output devices1620may represent audio output devices120,720,820,1220, and1320, for example. Systems100,700,800,1200, and1300may similarly be configured to attach to existing headwear or may be integrated with headwear. For example, systems100,700,800,1200, and1300may be integrated with a helmet, a hat, glasses, headphones, earphones, and other items worn or used on the head. Systems100,700,800,1200, and1300may for example be formed with an attachment mechanism for coupling within or upon one or more of a helmet, a hat, glasses, headphones, earphones, and other items worn or used on the head.

FIG. 17is a flowchart illustrating one exemplary method1700for displaying information to a user without distraction. Method1700is for example implemented within one or more of software103, software703, software803, software1203, and software1303, of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300, respectively.

In step1702, method1700receives the information. In one example of step1702, wireless receiver/transceiver106receives information from one or more external sensors or devices and passes the information to microcontroller102. In step1704, method1700determines an illumination pattern for at least one light display element based upon the information. In one example of step1704, microcontroller102determines illumination pattern408for light display elements304based upon information received from sensors170a-c.

Steps1706through1710are optional. If included, step1706is a decision. If, in step1706, method1700determines that the determined illumination pattern has changed, method1700continues with step1712; otherwise method1700continues with step1708. If included, step1708is a decision. If, in step1708mmethod1700determines that a timeout has occurred, method1700continues with step1710; otherwise method1700terminates. In one example of step1708, a timer within microcontroller102,702,802,1202, and1302, is configured to mature a predefined period after a pattern change in peripheral vision device104,704,804,1204, and1304, where the timer is restarted whenever the pattern in the peripheral vision device changes. If included, in step1710, method1700dims (or extinguishes) the peripheral vision device. In one example of step1710, peripheral vision device104,704,804,1204, and1304is gradually dimmed and then extinguished by microcontroller102,702,802,1202, and1302.

In step1712, method1700controls the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern. In one example of step1712, microcontroller102controls light display elements304to display illumination pattern408determined from information received from wireless receiver/transceiver106. Where steps1706through1710are included, step1712may also restart the timer within microcontroller102,702,802,1202, and1302.

FIG. 18is a flowchart illustrating one exemplary method1800for determining an illumination pattern for one metric. Method1800may represent at least part of step1704ofFIG. 17and is for example implemented within one or more of software103, software703, software803, software1203, and software1303, of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300, respectively.

In step1802, method1800reads a metric display area from a configuration. In one example of step1802, microcontroller102reads a display area containing display elements304(1) through304(7) from configuration160for activity metric406. In step1804, method1800reads a display mode from the configuration for the metric. In one example of step1804, microcontroller102reads a display mode indicating that activity metric406is displayed as a linear array. In step1806, method1800reads metric minimum and maximum values from the configuration. In one example of step1806, microcontroller102reads, for a running metric, a minimum value of 2 miles per hour (mph) and a maximum value of 8 mph. In step1808, method1800reads a metric target zone from the configuration. In one example of step1808, microcontroller102reads, for the running metric, a target zone of 4-6 mph.

In step1810, method1800determines a position of indicator based on the minimum and maximum values and the current metric value. In one example of step1810, continuing with the above running example where the current metric value is 5 mph, microcontroller102determines that light display element304(4) is the position for indicating the current metric value for activity metric406based upon the display area of light display elements304(1)-(7), the minimum and maximum values of 2 mph and 8 mph, and the current metric value of 5 mph.

In step1812, method1800determines an intensity of the illumination pattern based upon the target zone and the current metric value. In one example of step1812, microcontroller102determines that the current metric value is within the target zone of step1808and therefore sets illumination pattern408to have a bright flashing intensity. In step1814, method1800generates an illumination pattern based upon the display area, the display mode, the position, and the intensity. In one example of step1814, microcontroller102generates illumination pattern408to display active metric406on peripheral vision device104.

Ordering of steps within method1800may change without departing from the scope hereof.

FIG. 19is a flowchart illustrating one exemplary method1900for determining an illumination pattern for an activity metric where activity in a target zone is indicated by no illuminated elements of the peripheral display. Method1900may represent at least part of step1704ofFIG. 17and is for example implemented within one or more of software103, software703, software803, software1203, and software1303, of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300, respectively.

Step1902is optional. Step1902is included where the peripheral display has multiple light display elements304. In step1902, method1900reads metric display position from the configuration. In one example of step1902, microcontroller102reads a display area containing display elements304(1) through304(7) from configuration160for activity metric406. In step1904, method1900reads a metric target zone from the configuration. In one example of step1904, microcontroller102reads a 4-6 mph target zone from configuration160. In step1906, method1900determines a current metric value. In one example of step1906, microcontroller102processes information received from one or more sensors110and/or154to determine a current running speed of the user as the current metric value.

Step1908is a decision. If, in step1908, method1900determines that the current metric value is within the target zone, method1900continues with step1910; otherwise method1900continues with step1912. In step1910, method1900extinguishes the display elements of the metric display position. In one example of step1910, microcontroller102controls peripheral vision device104to extinguish light display elements304(1)-(7) of activity metric406. Method1900then terminates.

In step1912, method1900determines intensity, a mode, and/or a position of indicators for illumination based upon the current metric value, the display position, and the target zone. In one example of step1912, microcontroller102determines intensity based upon the size of the difference between the current metric value and the target zone. In step1914, method1900generates an illumination pattern based upon the position and the intensity. In one example of step1914, microcontroller102generates illumination pattern408to display active metric406on peripheral vision device104.

Ordering of steps within method1900may change without departing from the scope hereof.

FIG. 20shows exemplary communication between head-mounted performance display systems100(1) and100(2), and between a coach station2002and each of systems100(1) and100(2). Although the example uses system100, any of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300may be used without departing from the scope hereof. System100(1) and system100(2) communicate with each other and communicate with coach station2002wirelessly using wireless receiver/transceiver106. Coach station2002has a transceiver similar to (or compatible with) wireless receiver/transceiver106and includes a microphone (e.g., similar to microphone158of system100) and an audio output device (e.g., similar to audio output device120).

In one example of operation, an analog signal2003generated by microphone158is captured by microcontroller102(e.g., using an analog to digital converter controlled by software103) and transferred to wireless receiver/transceiver106for transmission as wireless signal2004to system100(2). Within system100(2), information received within wireless signal2004is output to the user of system100(2) using audio output device120of system100(2). Similarly, system100(2) may capture audio from the user and send that audio within wireless signal2006to system100(1), where it is received by wireless receiver/transceiver106and transferred by microcontroller102to audio output device120for output to the user of system100(1). Thus, users of systems100(1) and100(2) may communicate using voice.

In one embodiment, systems100(1) and100(2) communicate with one another via wireless receiver/transceiver106to share route profiles and/or synchronize route profiles. For example, where users meet at to start a run together, system100(1) of a first user and system100(2) of a second user may synchronize to share a preconfigured route programmed into system100(1). In another example, the first and second users may synchronize target zones (e.g., running speed) where they intend to run together.

Similarly, coach station2002may send a wireless signal2008containing audio information (e.g., voice) from a user (e.g., coach) of coach station2002which is transferred by microcontroller102as data2009for output by audio output device120of system100(1) to the user of system100(1).

Coach station2002may also receive wireless performance information2010from system100(1) as determined by microcontroller102from one or more sensors110. Thus, coach station2002may display real-time performance data of the user of system100(1) and also provide audio feedback to that user.

In one example of operation, coach station2002operates within a group/social setting (e.g., a training class such as spinning, aerobics, Pilates or other) to instantly change the profiles of each of a plurality of head-mounted peripheral display systems (e.g., systems100,700,800,1200, and1300). For example, coach station2002may transition a plurality of systems100,700,800,1200, and1300that are assigned to a group, between stages in a workout wherein the desired metric is automatically changed for all systems in the group.

Combinations of Features

It should be clear to one skilled in the art that the above-mentioned features, and others, may be combined in embodiments of head-mounted displays. The following combinations of features are contemplated:A. A head-mounted display for displaying information to a user without distraction, including at least one light display element positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user. The information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye. The display also includes a receiver for receiving the information, and a microcontroller coupled with the receiver and the at least one light display element. The microcontroller processes the information to determine an illumination pattern based upon the information and for controlling the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern.B. The display denoted above as A, further including a boom for positioning the at least one light display element within the peripheral vision area.C. The display denoted above as A or B, with a boom that includes a flexible substrate having position memory to allow the user to position the at least one light display element relative to the eye.D. The display denoted above as A, B or C, further including an attachment feature integrated with the boom for securing the boom to one of eyewear and headwear of the user.E. The display denoted above as A, B, C or D, further including a mounting clip for physically coupling the boom onto an item worn on a head of the user.F. The display denoted above as any of A through E, with a mounting clip that is configured to physically couple with one or more of: regular glasses, sun glasses, goggles, a face mask, a hat, a strap fastened around the head of the user, a visor, a cap, a helmet, and a carrier formed to support the head-mounted performance display and worn by the user.G. The display denoted above as any of A through F, with a boom and a housing coupled with the boom for containing the receiver and the microcontroller.H. The display denoted above as any of A through G, further including a user interface for interacting with the user and including an actuator for allowing the user to activate and deactivate the head-mounted display.I. The display denoted above as any of A through H, including a user interface that includes one or more of an accelerometer for detecting movement of the head-mounted display, a proximity sensor for detecting proximity of a hand of the user, a capacitive sensor for detecting a touch of a finger of the user, and a microphone for detecting sounds from the user.J. The display denoted above as any of A through I, further including at least one sensor electrically coupled to the microcontroller for sensing activity of the user, wherein the microcontroller determines the information based at least in part upon the activity.K. The display denoted above as any of A through J, including at least one sensor that is one or more of a heart rate monitor, a speed sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, and a power sensor.L. The display denoted above as any of A through J, including at least one sensor that is a temperature sensor for sensing ambient temperature.M. The display denoted above as any of A through L, including at least one light sensor for detecting an ambient light level, wherein the microcontroller automatically adjust an intensity of the at least one light display element based upon the ambient light level.N. The display denoted above as any of A through M, the microcontroller processing a signal from an accelerometer to detect user input in the form of taps to the display or a head shake of the user.O. The display denoted above as any of A through N, the receiver configured to receive the information from one or more of a bike computer, an exercise equipment computer, and a motor vehicle computer.P. The display denoted above as any of A through O, the receiver configured to receive the information from an exercise equipment computer, wherein exercise equipment that includes the exercise equipment computer includes one of a stationary bike, a treadmill, and an elliptical machine.Q. The display denoted above as any of A through P, further including a GNSS receiver coupled with the microcontroller, the microcontroller determining one or more of speed and distance from the GNSS receiver.R. The display denoted above as any of A through Q, the receiver including a wireless receiver for receiving the information wirelessly.S. The display denoted above as any of A through R, the at least one light display element including a plurality of light display element formed as a linear array of light display elements that are independently controlled.T. A method for displaying information to a user without distraction, including the steps of receiving the information within a microcontroller of a peripheral vision display system, and determining, within the microcontroller, an illumination pattern for at least one light display element based upon the information. The method further includes controlling the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern wherein the at least one light display element is positioned within an area of peripheral vision of at least one eye of the user such that the information may be imparted to the user without the need to reposition or refocus the eye.U. The method denoted above as T, the step of receiving including receiving data from one or more sensors within the microcontroller, and processing the data to generate the information.V. The method denoted above as T or U, the step of receiving including receiving the information from a signaling device.W. The method denoted above as T, U or V, further including sensing an ambient light level and adjusting an intensity of illuminated light display elements based upon the ambient light level.X. A headset for displaying information within a peripheral vision area of a user, including a receiver for receiving a signal from a signaling device, and at least one light display element positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user such that the information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye. The headset further includes a microcontroller coupled with the receiver and the at least one light display element for determining an illumination pattern based upon the signal and for controlling the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern.Y. The headset denoted above as X, further including a boom for positioning the at least one light display element within the peripheral vision area.Z. The headset denoted above as X or Y, further including a mounting clip for attaching the headset onto headgear worn by the user.AA. The headset denoted above as X, Y or Z, further including a motion sensor for detecting motion of the headset, wherein the microcontroller determines user input based upon the motion.AB. The headset denoted above as X, Y, Z or AA, the microcontroller selecting one of a plurality of display modes based upon the user inputAC. The headset denoted above as any of X through AB, the receiver comprising a transceiver, wherein the microcontroller sends the user input to the signaling device via the transceiver.AD. The headset denoted above as any of X through AC, the microcontroller interpreting detected motion resulting from the user nodding as an affirmative signal, and interpreting motion resulting from a head shake of the user as a negative signal.AE. The headset denoted above as any of X through AD, including a motion sensor that is one or more of an accelerometer and a gyroscope, for detecting motion of the headset,AF. A system for displaying audio information within a peripheral vision area of a user, including at least one microphone for detecting sound, at least one light display element positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user such that the audio information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye, and a microcontroller. The microcontroller is coupled with the at least one microphone and the at least one light display element, and includes machine readable instructions that when executed by the microcontroller perform the steps of processing the sound to generate the audio information, generating an illumination pattern based upon the sound, and controlling the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern.AG. The system denoted above as AF, the at least one microphone comprising at least two microphones for detecting stereo sounds, wherein the microcontroller processes the stereo sounds to generate at least two illumination patterns, one for each of the stereo sounds, and controls at least two light display elements to each display a different one of the illumination patterns.AH. The system denoted above as AF or AG, the at least one microphone comprising at least two directional microphones, wherein the microcontroller determines directionality of the sound and generates the illumination pattern to indicate the directionality.AI. Headwear for displaying information within a peripheral vision area of a user, including a receiver integrated with the headwear for receiving a signal that represents the information, at least one light display element integrated with the headwear and positioned within a peripheral vision area of at least one eye of the user; and a microcontroller. The microcontroller determines an illumination pattern based upon the signal and for controlling the at least one light display element to display the illumination pattern wherein the information is imparted to the user without the need of repositioning or refocusing the eye.AJ. Headwear denoted above as AI, further including a boom for positioning the at least one light display element within the peripheral vision area.AK. Headwear denoted above as AI or AJ wherein the headwear is selected from the group consisting of a helmet, a baseball cap, headphones, sunglasses, reading glasses, prescription glasses, ski goggles, swimming goggles, and a face mask.