Print control for dot matrix printer

A print control mechanism for a dot matrix printer for effecting normal printing speed relative to response time of the print elements. The mechanism includes a memory for storing the status of a previous printing operation by one print element prior to a subsequent printing operation by the same print element. The mechanism includes print inhibiting means coupled to the memory and adapted to compare a print command signal with a memory signal and to output a signal forbidding the subsequent printing operation by the same print element when it receives a print command signal following the previous printing operation. The effect of this mechanism is to inhibit continuous printing of dots in very dot position in the lateral direction for those characters which can be printed with dots in every other dot position to enable normal printing speed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
In the field of printing, the most common type printer has been the printer 
which impacts against record media that is caused to be moved past a 
printing line or line of printing. As is well-known, the impact printing 
operation depends upon the movement of impact members, such as print 
hammers or wires or the like, which are typically moved by means of an 
electromechanical drive system and which system enables precise control of 
the impact members. 
In the field of dot matrix printers, it has been quite common to provide a 
print head which has included therein a plurality of print wire actuators 
or solenoids arranged or grouped in a manner to drive the respective print 
wires a very short, precise distance from a rest or non-printing position 
to an impact or printing position. The print wires are generally either 
secured to or engaged by the solenoid plunger or armature which is caused 
to be moved such precise distance when the solenoid coil is energized and 
wherein the plunger or armature normally operates against the action of a 
return spring. 
It has also been quite common to provide an arrangement or grouping of such 
solenoids in a circular configuration to take advantage of reduced space 
available in the manner of locating the print wires in that specific area 
between the solenoids and the front tip of the print head adjacent the 
record media. In this respect, the actuating ends of the print wires are 
positioned in accordance with the circular arrangement and the operating 
or working ends of the print wires are closely spaced in verticallyaligned 
manner adjacent the record media. The availability of narrow or compact 
actuators permits a narrower or smaller print head to be used and thereby 
reduces the width of the printer because of the reduced clearance at the 
ends of the print line. The print head can also be made shorter because 
the narrow actuators can be placed in side-by-side manner closer to the 
record media for a given amount of wire curvature. 
In the wire matrix printer which is utilized for receipt and for journal 
printing operations, the print head structure may be a multiple element 
type and may be horizontally disposed with the wire elements aligned in a 
vertical line and supported on a print head carriage which is caused to be 
moved or driven in a horizontal direction for printing in line manner 
across the receipt or journal paper and wherein the drive elements or 
transducers may be positioned in a circular configuration with the 
respective wires leading to the front tip of the print head. In the wire 
matrix printer which is utilized for business forms or like record media 
printing operation, the print head may be oriented in a manner wherein the 
nose is pointed downward for printing on the form, slip or like record 
media while the carriage and print head are moved above and across the 
form or like record media in the horizontal direction. 
Further, in the wire matrix printer which is utilized for receipt, slip and 
journal printing operations, the individual print heads may be vertically 
oriented and printing performed by means of the print wires moving 
downwardly to impact on the record media. Alternatively, the individual 
print heads may be horizontally oriented and printing performed by means 
of the print wires moving horizontally to impact on the record media. A 
preferred number of four of such individual print heads is common in known 
arrangements. 
In the dot matrix printer, there is a requirement for one or more small 
electric motors to drive certain parts of the printer. A small motor is 
used to drive the print head carriage in reciprocating manner in the 
printer that includes a stationary platen and a movable print head. The 
print head carriage and the associated print head are moved to appropriate 
and precise locations along the line of printing for dot matrix printing 
of alpha numeric characters or of graphics type characters. A second motor 
is used to drive the paper such as a receipt, a slip or a journal at the 
end of the printing operation and which paper drive is usually performed 
at the end of each line of printing. However, it is feasible to advance 
the paper at the end of the printing on a line without the necessity of 
moving the carriage and print head to the end of such line. This 
arrangement enables faster printing operation. 
The dot matrix printer is commonly used in the form of an output device in 
computer systems and word processing systems. Dot matrix printers in the 
form of receipt printers and journal printers are used in an electronic 
cash register (ECR) or in a point of sale (POS) terminal. 
In the dot matrix printer, predetermined characters, letters, symbols or 
the like are denoted with the use of "M (column) X N (row)" dots which are 
arranged in a matrix. In this arrangement, the print heads are classed 
according to the printing method, as solenoid impact type, heat transfer 
printing type, ink jet printing type, high frequency driving type, and 
laser beam type print heads. 
When dots are printed with use of any of the above-mentioned print head 
types, the printing speed is determined by the lateral feed speed of the 
print head. However, it is to be noted that the lateral feed speed cannot 
be set to a value in excess of the response cycle or time required for 
driving the print head in a dot printing operation. As a result of this 
observation, the printing speed is proportional to the response time of 
the print head and the number of N dots in a row of the character, letter 
or symbol. 
It is also to be noted that a greater number of dots or higher resolution 
improves the print quality, especially in the printing of Chinese 
characters. However, in view of the relationship between the printing 
speed and the print quality, there has been proposed a printing method for 
balancing these two parameters in the overall printing operation. The 
proposed printing method provides that, in the case of certain characters 
and letters, continued printing or printing in each and every dot position 
in a row is inhibited in order to speed up the lateral feed of the print 
head. The printing pitch is reduced in the printing of a column or in the 
slanted or oblique portion of the character to improve the print quality. 
Representative documentation in the field of printer control includes U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,162,131, issued to A. B. Carson et al. on July 24, 1979, which 
discloses a drive circuit responsive to input pulses to supply drive 
energy pulses to print heads so as to produce constant impact forces and 
print intensity by decreasing the energy of the drive pulses as a function 
of the time interval between successive input pulses below a predetermined 
time interval. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,162,858, issued to K. Brandenburg on July 31, 1979, 
discloses a circuit which decides whether or not a magnet has already been 
actuated during printing of the previous column of the character being 
printed. When the magnet has not been actuated, a longer pulse or longer 
amount of energy is provided to the magnet for resonance with printer 
operation. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,992, issued to C. W. Barr et al. on Sept. 29, 1981, 
discloses a control circuit that generates a firing signal for each print 
pin comprising a relatively long pulse followed by a series of short 
pulses. The number of short pulses may be reduced when a successive pulse 
for the same print pin is received in the interval between the long pulse 
and completion of the short pulses. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,485,425, issued to M. Gruner et al. on Nov. 27, 1984, 
discloses a drive circuit for a print element including a drive transistor 
and a switching transistor each connected to a control transistor that 
furnishes pulses of different duration such that the switching transistor 
is turned off before the drive transistor. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,653,941, issued to K. Suzuki on Mar. 31, 1987, discloses a 
dot matrix printer having first detecting means for detecting the position 
of the print head, second detecting means for detecting the number of 
cycles of movement of the print head during printing of a dot pattern for 
one line, means for judging whether to permit dot printing according to 
outputs of the two detecting means, and driver means for driving the print 
head. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,623, issued to D. C. Mower et al. on Dec. 15, 1987, 
discloses a control system wherein a double column of print elements are 
used and no single print element is required to print more than once in 
any four column interval of printed text. 
And, U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,006, issued to T. Hamano et al. on Oct. 25, 1988, 
discloses a slip printer wherein the slip is placed in an orientation that 
is 90 degrees from normal orientation to accommodate slips which are wider 
than the print station. A pattern processing section is capable of 
changing the arrangement of the dot pattern depending upon the orientation 
of the slip. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a dot matrix printer for impact printing 
on record media. The dot matrix printer includes two separate printing 
stations, one station positioned near the front of the printer and the 
other station positioned rearwardly of the one station. The two stations 
are arranged in tandem manner and the two separate print head carriages 
are coupled to a drum cam type drive mechanism positioned between the two 
carriages. The two carriages along with the associated print heads are 
driven by the drum cam type drive mechanism in equal and opposite 
directions during printing operations. 
The one station near the front of the printer is utilized for dot matrix 
printing on a receipt and on a slip or like business form and is referred 
to as the receipt/slip station. The other station rearwardly of the one 
station is utilized for dot matrix printing on a journal and is referred 
to as the journal station. A plurality of solenoid driven, single wire 
print heads are supported in spaced relationship on each carriage for 
performing the printing operations at the two printing stations. 
More particularly, the invention is directed to a control system for the 
dot matrix printer wherein the printing of the dot matrix which 
constitutes the character or letter is controlled in accordance with the 
structure of the character or letter and in accordance with inhibiting the 
printing of certain dots of the matrix. 
In the case of a character or letter having a lateral straight line, the 
printing of a dot at each and every dot position can be adjusted so as to 
print a dot only at every other dot position. In the case of a character 
or letter having a slanted or oblique line, each and every dot position 
can be printed to form the character or letter. The control of the 
printing operation in this manner can be accomplished without a reduction 
in lateral print speed and without a reduction in print quality. 
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a control 
system for a dot matrix printer comprising a plurality of print heads 
actuated for printing characters in dot matrix manner, control means, 
memory means for storing the status of a prior printing operation of a 
print head which is scheduled to perform a printing operation upon receipt 
of a print command signal from the control means, and print inhibiting 
means operably associated with said memory means and adapted to compare 
the print command signal with a memory signal from said memory means to 
output an inhibit signal to the print head for inhibiting the printing 
operation of said print head when receiving a print command signal 
following the previous printing operation by said print head thereby 
inhibiting continuous printing operation by said print head to enable 
lateral movement of the print head at a rate faster than the printing 
cycle of the print head. 
In view of the above discussion, a principal object of the present 
invention is to provide a high speed dot matrix printer. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a dot matrix printer 
having a control system for printing only in certain dot positions in 
forming a dot matrix character. 
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a dot matrix 
printer which prints only certain dot positions in lateral dot lines and 
which prints at all dot positions in oblique dot lines. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a control system 
for a dot matrix printer having control means and memory means which 
includes print inhibiting means adapted to compare a print command signal 
with a memory signal and to output a signal to the control means to 
inhibit a particular printing operation. 
Additional advantages and features of the present invention will become 
apparent and fully understood from a reading of the following description 
taken together with the annexed drawing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring now to FIG. 1, a printer 10 is designed as a two station, 
receipt/slip and journal printer. The receipt/slip printing station 
occupies a front portion 12 and the journal printing station occupies a 
rearward portion 14 of the printer. A slip table 16 is provided along the 
left hand side of the printer 10. A front cover 17 swings toward the right 
to expose certain operating parts of the printer 10. 
FIGS. 2 and 3 are right and left side elevational views and show certain 
elements of the printer 10 in diagrammatic form. The receipt/slip portion 
12 and the journal portion 14 include individual print wire solenoids (not 
shown) along with a ribbon cassette 18 for the receipt/slip printing 
station operation and a ribbon cassette 20 for the journal printing 
station operation. A roll 22 of receipt paper is journaled at the front of 
the printer 10 and the receipt paper 24 is driven and guided by 
appropriate pairs of rollers, as 26, 28, 30 and 32 in a path past the 
receipt/slip printing station for printing operation and for issuance of a 
receipt 33 after cutting thereof from the receipt paper 24. A supply roll 
34 of journal paper is positioned in a suitable cradle at the rear of the 
printer 10 and the journal paper 36 is driven and guided by appropriate 
pairs of rollers, as 38 and 40, in a path from the supply roll 34, past 
the journal printing station, and onto a take-up roll 42. A timing plate 
43 (FIG. 2) is provided at the receipt/ slip printing station for 
positioning the receipt/slip feed rolls. 
FIG. 4 is a control circuit that is used in the print control arrangement 
of the present invention. This control circuit is provided for each print 
head (not shown) used in the printer 10. The preferred embodiment of the 
printer 10 uses six single wire solenoids arranged in a row on a print 
head carriage (not shown) and driven in transverse manner across the 
printer 10 in printing operations. A set of six solenoids is provided for 
the journal printing station and a set of six solenoids is provided for 
the receipt/slip printing station. A disclosure of the six solenoids and 
the carriage therefor is fully described and shown in a copending 
application, Ser. No. 385,333. 
A plurality of input leads 44, 46, 48 and 50 are connected to a printer 
controller 52. A printer controller of the type required for dot matrix 
printing is known by one skilled in the art. A logic level high signal 
("1") is input from the printer controller 52 via lead 44 to an exclusive 
OR gate 54. An output signal of exclusive OR gate 54 is sent over lead 56 
to one input terminal of an AND gate 58. 
In the situation wherein a selected or certain print head has not been 
actuated in a previous printing operation, a level "1" (high) signal is 
input via lead 60 to the other input terminal of the AND gate 58. The AND 
gate 58 outputs a level "1" signal over lead 62 to a flip-flop 64. The 
flip-flop 64 latches the signal which is input from the AND gate 58 in 
accordance with a latch signal A sent via lead 48 from the printer 
controller 52 to generate a level "1" signal from an output terminal Q of 
the flip-flop 64. The output signal of flip-flop 64 is sent over lead 66 
to the printer controller 52. When the flip-flop 64 outputs a level "1" 
signal over the lead 66, a printing operation is allowed and performed. 
When the flip-flop 64 outputs a level "0" signal over lead 66, a printing 
operation is inhibited. In this regard, the output signal of the flip-flop 
64 determines a print operation or a print inhibiting operation. 
In the first situation wherein a printing operation is allowed and 
performed, the flip-flop 64 outputs a level "1" or high signal thereby 
enabling the performing of the printing operation by a designated print 
head. The high level signal from the flip-flop 64 is also input via lead 
68 into a flip-flop 70 which latches the high level signal with a latch 
signal B via lead 46 from the printer controller 52 and generates a level 
"1" signal from an output terminal Q of the flip-flop 70. 
In the situation wherein print signals are successively input from the 
printer controller 52 to the same designated print head, although a print 
command or instruction signal is sent from the printer controller 52 over 
the line 44 to the exclusive OR gate 54 in the same manner as described 
above, an output signal from flip-flop 70 over lead 72 is at level "1" or 
high, so that the exclusive OR gate 54 outputs a logic level "0" (low) 
signal. The low level signal from the exclusive OR gate 54 is then input 
via lead 56 into the AND gate 58. The AND gate outputs a low level signal 
which is input into the flip-flop 64, the output of which goes low with 
the receipt of the latch signal A via lead 48 from the printer controller 
52. The low level output signal from the flip-flop 64 is sent to the 
printer controller 52 via lead 66 to inhibit the actuation of the 
designated print head. Accordingly, the continuous actuation of this print 
head is avoided in the printing operation. 
The low level output signal from the Q terminal of flip-flop 64 is also 
input via lead 68 into the flip-flop 70, and the output thereof goes low 
with the receipt of the latch signal B via lead 46. 
When the next print command signal over line 44 from the printer controller 
52 is at the high level, the output signal from the exclusive OR gate 54 
goes high and a printing operation is permitted. When drive command 
signals are output from the printer controller 52 for printing three dots 
in continuous or successive manner, the command signal for printing the 
intermediate dot is inhibited. In order to keep the output time of a high 
level signal from the flip-flop 64 at a specified and predetermined length 
of time, a print off signal is sent via lead 50 into a reset input 
terminal of the flip-flop 64. 
It is thus seen that the flip-flop 70 stores a dot having been printed in a 
previous column to the right and that the flip-flop 64 provides a print 
inhibiting signal for the next successive dot to be printed to the right, 
the printing being performed in the left to right direction. 
In the situation wherein the output signal from flip-flop 70 is low, a high 
print command signal to one input of the exclusive OR gate 54 along with 
the low output signal of flip-flop 70 causes the exclusive OR gate 54 to 
output a high signal to the AND gate 58. The AND gate 58 then outputs a 
high signal to the D input of the flip-flop 64 which, in turn, outputs a 
high level print inhibiting signal to a D input of the flip-flop 70 to be 
set or stored therein. Therefore, when a dot printing operation has been 
performed, the flip-flop 64 cannot be set for the dot to be printed in the 
next successive column because the output signal of flip-flop 70 is high 
and causes the output of the AND gate 58 to be low. Accordingly, flip-flop 
64 cannot be set at the time of receiving the latch signal A and the 
output signal of flip-flop 64 is low which inhibits printing a dot in the 
next column position. 
FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing voltage waveforms of the individual 
signals illustrated in the control circuit of FIG. 4. First described is 
the case wherein a print command signal represented by waveform 74 is 
input on lead 44 at a high level. If the previous printing operation has 
not been performed, the output signal from flip-flop 70 represented by 
waveform 76 is at low level and the output from the exclusive OR gate 54 
represented by waveform 78 goes high. As a result, the AND gate 58 outputs 
logic 1+1=1 and a high signal represented by waveform 80 is input into the 
flip-flop 64 at terminal D. This situation is read into the flip-flop 64 
at the rise of the latch signal A represented by waveform 82 and the 
output signal of flip-flop 64 represented by waveform 84 via line 66 
simultaneously goes high to perform a printing operation. During the dot 
printing operation, the output signal 84 is read into the flipflop 70 at 
the rise of the latch signal B represented by waveform 86 and a high level 
signal 76 is output via line 72 to the exclusive OR gate 54. This output 
signal is maintained until the next rise of the latch signal B. As 
described above, the output signal for printing a dot is read into the 
flip-flop 70 in the form of the latch signal A (waveform 82) and then is 
reset at the rise of a print off signal (logic "0") represented by 
waveform 88 after the appropriate passage of the specified and 
predetermined length of time. 
The output signal (waveform 76) of the flip-flop 70 is normally maintained 
at a high level. However, when the print command signal represented by 
waveform "1 " is again input over line 44, the two input signals 
represented by waveform 74 and 76 of the exclusive OR gate 54 go high. As 
a result, the output signal 78 of the exclusive OR gate 54 goes low and 
the output signal 80 of the AND gate 58 also goes low. This low signal is 
again read into the flip-flo,p 64 in accordance with the latch signal 
represented by waveform A. Therefore, in spite of the fact that the dot 
printing command signal is at the high level ("1"), the print drive signal 
84 goes low ("0") to inhibit the continuous dot printing operation by the 
designated print head in the lateral direction. The low level signal 84 is 
again read into the flip-flop 70 at the rise of the latch signal A and 
resets the flip-flop 70 to logic "0". As a result, the output signal 76 
from flip-flop 70 over line 72 goes low and this low signal is input into 
one terminal of the exclusive OR gate 54. The next print driving command 
signal is output from the printer controller 52 to permit the printing 
operation. 
FIGS. 6 and 7 show printed examples of letter matrices of patterns for the 
letter T including a column of dots and a row of dots in straight lines. 
FIGS. 8 and 9 show the letter X including dots in oblique straight lines. 
FIGS. 6 and 8 show examples of printing in every other dot position 
whereas FIGS. 7 and 9 show examples of printing in all dot positions. 
It is seen that in FIG. 6, wherein printing is performed in every other dot 
position in the lateral direction, the letter T can be readily identified. 
However, in FIG. 8, wherein printing is performed in every other dot 
position, the letter X is not as easily identified. Since it is difficult 
to recognize the letter X by printing every other dot position along the 
oblique straight lines (FIG. 8) with print head movement in the lateral 
direction, it is advantageous to print in all dot positions, as 
illustrated in FIG. 9. 
In order to ensure good print quality, it is preferable to print all dots, 
however, the lateral speed of the print head should be reduced to about 
one-half speed from the speed used in printing the lateral line in FIG. 6 
due to the relationship of the lateral speed to the response speed of the 
print head. In the case of printing the letter X, as shown in FIG. 9, and 
when printing all the dots in the oblique straight lines, the same print 
head does not continuously print dots, so there is no requirement to slow 
the lateral speed of the print head. In this respect and unlike the 
situation shown in FIG. 6, the relationship between the lateral speed of 
the print head and the response time of the print head need not be 
considered. 
The present invention provides print inhibiting means and storage means for 
storing a dot to be printed in order to prevent the next adjacent dot in a 
row of consecutive dots from being printed by means of gating the next 
adjacent dot with the stored dot. 
It is apparent from the above description that a letter T can be read even 
when the lateral line of dots is printed in every other dot position and 
that all dots of a letter X can be printed in an oblique straight line 
without slowing the printing speed. Therefore, the continuous dot printing 
in the lateral direction is inhibited and continuous dot printing in 
oblique directions is allowed to provide high speed printing and to still 
maintain print quality. 
The designer or manufacturer of the character font of a continuously 
printed letter or character in the lateral direction takes into account 
the inhibiting of continuous dot printing in such direction. A user of the 
character font may desire to change the printing format and attempt to 
obtain better print quality by continuous dot printing in the lateral 
direction. If the speed of the print head is not associated with the 
response time, the printing may be smeared by rubbing the paper, the print 
quality is lowered and the print element may be damaged. It is seen that 
when such matters occur and are not remedied, the printer may incur 
vibration and thus effect the printing operation. The relationship between 
the speed of the print head and the response time of such print head in 
actuating the print pin or wire, the printing of a dot, and the returning 
of the print pin or wire to its original position is extremely important 
to obtain good quality printing. 
The present invention solves the abovementioned problems by providing 
control of the printing operations with memory means for storing the 
presence and the absence of a printing operation which has been previously 
performed for each print head. Print inhibiting means is adapted to 
compare a print command signal for each print head with a memory signal in 
the memory means to output a print inhibiting signal when the print 
command signal is continuously output to the same print head three times 
for printing three dots. The present invention provides a method and 
apparatus for controlling the driving of print heads wherein continuous 
printing of dots in every dot position in the lateral direction is 
automatically avoided. The method and apparatus for controlling the 
printing operation is also applicable in a thermal printer and in an ink 
jet printer. 
It is thus seen that herein shown and described is a control arrangement 
for dot matrix print heads wherein the print pitch (the distance between 
dots) is reduced upon printing dots arranged in columns or arranged in 
oblique direction to ensure good print quality. The continuous printing of 
dots in rows in each dot position in the lateral direction is inhibited in 
order to increase the lateral speed of the print heads. 
A high speed printing operation is realized while maintaining the print 
quality at or above a certain level even though the font designs or 
arrangements for printing letters, characters or symbols were prepared in 
error so as to continuously print dots in a row. The continuous dot 
printing is automatically inhibited by the present invention and 
deterioration of print quality and damage to the print head pin or wire is 
avoided. 
The apparatus and arrangement enable the accomplishment of the objects and 
advantages mentioned above, and while the preferred embodiment of the 
invention has been disclosed herein, variations thereof may occur to those 
skilled in the art. It is contemplated that all such variations not 
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention hereof are to be 
construed in accordance with the following claims.