Channel state information (CSI) reporting for frequency hopping in unlicensed frequency bands

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for wireless communications in narrowband frequency bands using frequency hopping. In some implementations, a base station (BS) groups a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on a bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequency of each hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. The BS transmits indications of the frequency hopping pattern and the grouping of hopping channels to user equipments (UEs). The BS transmits a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel, and receives channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel from one or more of the UEs. In some other implementations, a UE receives indications of the frequency hopping pattern and hopping channel groups, and determines CSI of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. The UE may transmit the CSI to the BS.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more specifically, to wireless communications using frequency hopping techniques in unlicensed frequency bands.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY

Wireless communications systems are capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing portions of a system bandwidth using a multiple-access technology such as code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems (such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system or a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) system). A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or access network nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements also may be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

SUMMARY

One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a method for wireless communication. The method may be performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), and may include receiving, over an anchor channel, a signal indicating a frequency hopping pattern. The method may include receiving an indication of a grouping of a plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups. The method may include receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. The method may include determining channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. The method may include transmitting the CSI of the first hopping channel to a base station. In some implementations, the CSI may be transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) while the UE is on the first hopping channel. In some other implementations, the CSI may be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the base station.

In some implementations, the signal may be a discovery reference signal (DRS) received over the anchor channel. In some instances, the UE may use the DRS to estimate channel conditions or interference on the anchor channel. In some instances, the grouping indication may be received in the DRS. In some other instances, the grouping indication may be received via a radio resource control (RRC) configuration. The grouping indication may be, or may indicate, at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may include adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a wireless local area network (WLAN). In some instances, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN. In some implementations, the plurality of hopping channels may be grouped into different groups of hopping channels based at least in part on one or more wireless channels of the WLAN. In addition, or in the alternative, the frequency hopping pattern may be based at least in part on the channel conditions on the one or more wireless channels of the WLAN.

In some implementations, the method also may include receiving a measurement request from the base station, and identifying the one or more channels of the WLAN in response to the measurement request. The method may include estimating channel conditions on each channel of the one or more identified channels of the WLAN. In some implementations, identifying the one or more channels of the WLAN may include receiving at least one beacon frame from an AP associated with the WLAN.

Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device such as a UE. The wireless communication device may include an interface configured to obtain a signal indicating a frequency hopping pattern, and to obtain an indication of a grouping of a plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups of hopping channels. The interface also may be configured to obtain a CSI-RS on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. The wireless communication device also may include a processing system configured to determine CSI of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. In some implementations, the interface also may be configured to output the CSI of the first hopping channel for transmission to a base station. In some implementations, the CSI may be transmitted on the PUCCH while the UE is on the first hopping channel. In some other implementations, the CSI may be transmitted on a PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the base station.

In some implementations, the signal may be a DRS received over the anchor channel. In some instances, the UE may use the DRS to estimate channel conditions or interference on the anchor channel. In some instances, the grouping indication may be received in the DRS. In some other instances, the grouping indication may be received via RRC configuration. The grouping indication may be, or may indicate, at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may include adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a wireless local area network (WLAN). In some instances, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN. In some implementations, the plurality of hopping channels may be grouped into different groups of hopping channels based at least in part on one or more wireless channels of the WLAN. In addition, or in the alternative, the frequency hopping pattern may be based at least in part on the channel conditions on the one or more wireless channels of the WLAN.

In some implementations, the interface also may be configured to receive a measurement request from the base station and to identify the one or more channels of the WLAN in response to the measurement request. The interface may be configured to estimate channel conditions on each channel of the one or more identified channels of the WLAN. In some implementations, identifying the one or more channels of the WLAN may include receiving at least one beacon frame from an AP associated with the WLAN.

Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a method for wireless communication. The method may be performed by an apparatus of a base station, and may include grouping a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on a BWP hopping frequency of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels. The method may include transmitting an indication of the frequency hopping pattern and an indication of the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels. The method may include transmitting a CSI-RS on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. The method may include receiving CSI of the first hopping channel, where the CSI is based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS. In some implementations, the CSI may be received on the PUCCH while an intended receiving device (such as one or more UEs) is on the first hopping channel. In some other implementations, the CSI may be received on the PUSCH when the intended receiving device has buffered UL data for transmission to the base station.

In some implementations, the signal may be a DRS transmitted over the anchor channel. In some instances, one or more UEs may use the DRS to estimate channel conditions or interference on the anchor channel. In some instances, the grouping indication may be transmitted in the DRS. In some other instances, the grouping indication may be provided to UEs via a RRC configuration. The grouping indication may be, or may indicate, at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may include adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a WLAN. In some instances, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN. In some implementations, the plurality of hopping channels may be grouped into different groups of hopping channels based at least in part on one or more wireless channels of the WLAN. In addition, or in the alternative, the frequency hopping pattern may be based at least in part on the channel conditions on the one or more wireless channels of the WLAN.

In some implementations, the method also may include transmitting a measurement request to one or more UEs, and receiving a measurement report from the one or more UEs. In some instances, the measurement request may identify one or more wireless channels of a respective WLAN, and may include instructions for each of the one or more UEs to estimate channel conditions on each channel of a respective WLAN. The measurement report may include the estimated channel conditions for a respective WLAN. In some instances, the measurement request and the measurement response may be frames defined by one or more amendments to the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication standards.

Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a base station. The base station may include a processing system configured to group a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on a BWP hopping frequency of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels. The base station also may include an interface configured to output an indication of the frequency hopping pattern and an indication of the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels. The interface also may be configured to output a CSI-RS for transmission on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern, and obtain CSI of the first hopping channel, where the CSI is based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS. In some implementations, the CSI may be received on the PUCCH while an intended receiving device (such as one or more UEs) is on the first hopping channel. In some other implementations, the CSI may be received on the PUSCH when the intended receiving device has buffered UL data for transmission to the base station.

In some implementations, the signal may be a DRS transmitted over the anchor channel. In some instances, one or more UEs may use the DRS to estimate channel conditions or interference on the anchor channel. In some instances, the grouping indication may be transmitted in the DRS. In some other instances, the grouping indication may be provided to UEs via a RRC configuration. The grouping indication may be, or may indicate, at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may include adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a WLAN. In some instances, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN. In some implementations, the plurality of hopping channels may be grouped into different groups of hopping channels based at least in part on one or more wireless channels of the WLAN. In addition, or in the alternative, the frequency hopping pattern may be based at least in part on the channel conditions on the one or more wireless channels of the WLAN.

In some implementations, the wireless communication device may transmit a measurement request to one or more UEs, and may receive a measurement report from the one or more UEs. In some instances, the measurement request may identify one or more wireless channels of a respective WLAN, and may include instructions for each of the one or more UEs to estimate channel conditions on each channel of a respective WLAN. The measurement report may include the estimated channel conditions for a respective WLAN. In some instances, the measurement request and the measurement response may be frames defined by one or more amendments to the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication standards.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is directed to some particular implementations for the purposes of describing innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a multitude of different ways. The described implementations can be implemented in any device, system or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G or 5G (New Radio (NR)) standards promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, the IEEE 802.15 standards, or the Bluetooth® standards as defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), among others. The described implementations can be implemented in any device, system or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one or more of the following technologies or techniques: code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), single-user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and multi-user (MU) MIMO. The described implementations also can be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of a wireless wide area network (WWAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), or an internet of things (IOT) network.

Implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure may allow user equipments (UEs) and base stations (BSs) operating according to 5G NR protocols to exchange data and other information using narrowband communications with frequency hopping in one or more unlicensed frequency bands. In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, a base station and a UE may exchange communications with one another in one or more unlicensed frequency bands (or other suitable frequency bands) using a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels that can be grouped together based at least in part on the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies occupied by the plurality of hopping channels. In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a continuous frequency range. The continuous frequency ranges spanned by the respective groups of hopping channels may be different from one another. For example, a first group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a first channel of a wireless local area network (WLAN), a second group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a second channel of the WLAN, a third group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a third channel of the WLAN, and so on. In some instances, the adjacent BWP hopping frequencies of a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of a wireless network, and the adjacent BWP hopping frequencies of a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.

The base station may use an anchor channel to transmit a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating the frequency hopping pattern. The base station also may transmit an indication of the grouping of the hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern to any number of UEs. The grouping indication may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. The UE may determine the ordering, locations, and groupings of the hopping channels based on the indications. After transmission of the DRS, the base station and the UE may jump to the first hopping channel and exchange communications with each other over the first hopping channel.

In some implementations, the base station may transmit a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on the first hopping channel. The UE may use the received CSI-RS to determine channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel. At the end of the first DRS period, the base station and the UE return to the anchor channel. The base station may transmit a second DRS to indicate the beginning of a second DRS period. After jumping to the second hopping channel, the base station may transmit a CSI-RS on the second hopping channel. The UE may use the received CSI-RS to determine the CSI of the second hopping channel. The base station and the UE may continue frequency hopping across the remaining hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern, with the UE determining the CSI of each of the remaining hopping channels based on a CSI-RS received from the base station on the corresponding hopping channel. The UE may transmit the CSI of each hopping channel to the base station.

In some other implementations, the CSI determined for each of the hopping channels in a respective group of hopping channels may be combined to determine a group CSI for the respective group of hopping channels. In some instances, the hopping channels of a respective group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a frequency range, and the group CSI may indicate channel information of the frequency range. The UE may transmit the group CSI to the base station on each of the hopping channels of the respective group, may transmit the group CSI to the base station on the last hopping channel of the respective group, or may transmit the group CSI to the base station on a selected number of the hopping channels of the respective group.

In some other implementations, the CSI determined for each of the hopping channels in a respective group of hopping channels may be used to estimate a wideband CSI, and the estimated wideband CSIs may be combined to form a group wideband CSI for the respective group of hopping channels. The UE may transmit an indication of the group wideband CSI to the base station on the last hopping channel of the respective group or on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.

Particular implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The ability of base stations and UEs to communicate with each other using narrowband communications in an unlicensed frequency band may improve channel access because there may be less contention on relatively small frequency bands (such as the hopping channels associated with a frequency hopping pattern) than on relatively large frequency bands (such as primary channels used in wideband communications). Unlicensed frequency bands may be more ubiquitous than licensed portions of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, and therefore communications (such as narrowband communications) performed in one or more unlicensed frequency bands may provide better coverage for wireless communication devices (such as base stations and UEs) than communications performed solely on licensed portions of the RF spectrum. Although employing frequency hopping techniques in narrowband communications on one or more unlicensed frequency bands may reduce interference from other wireless communication devices by exploiting the frequency diversity of the unlicensed frequency bands, interference from these other wireless communication devices may degrade communications between the base station and one or more UEs.

The ability to obtain channel information of the hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern may allow a base station to improve communications between the base station and UEs that employ frequency hopping techniques. Specifically, the base station may use channel information of the hopping channels to select or adjust one or more parameters of the frequency hopping pattern. In some implementations, the base station may adjust one or both of an ordering of the hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern or a grouping of the hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern based on the obtained channel information. In some other implementations, the base station may use estimated channel conditions of a nearby wireless network to selectively adjust the one or more parameters of the frequency hopping pattern in a manner that reduces or minimizes interference from the nearby wireless network.

In addition, the ability to group the hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern based on their BWP hopping frequencies may allow channel conditions or CSI of a group of hopping channels to be inferred from the CSI of any one or more of the hopping channels in the group. In some implementations, the hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern may be grouped into a number of groups such that the hopping channels within each group of the number of groups have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies. By exploiting the frequency correlation of interference, the CSI of one of the hopping channels in a respective group of hopping channels may be used as an indicator of channel conditions on a frequency band corresponding to the combined BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels in the respective group. In some instances, four narrowband hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies may be grouped together such that their combined BWP hopping frequencies span a wideband wireless channel, thereby allowing channel conditions on the wideband wireless channel to be estimated based on the CSI determined for one of the narrowband hopping channels.

FIG.1shows a diagram of an example wireless communications system100. The wireless communications system100includes base stations102, UEs104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC)160, and another core network190(such as a 5G Core (5GC)). The base stations102may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) or small cells (low power cellular base station). The macrocells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

The small cell102′ may operate in a licensed or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell102′ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP150. The small cell102′, employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to or increase capacity of the access network.

The wireless communications system100may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless system100may employ LTE License Assisted Access (LTE-LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE U) radio access technology, or 5G NR technology in an unlicensed radio band (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band or the 6 GHz UNIT bands). When operating in unlicensed radio bands, wireless communication devices (such as the base stations102and UEs104) may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) channel access mechanisms to ensure the channel is clear before transmitting data. In some instances, operations in unlicensed radio bands may be based on a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration in conjunction with component carriers (CCs) operating in a licensed band. Operations in unlicensed radio bands may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both. Duplexing in unlicensed radio bands may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD) or a combination of both.

FIG.2Ashows an example of a first slot200within a 5G/NR frame structure.FIG.2Bshows an example of DL channels230within a 5G/NR slot.FIG.2Cshows an example of a second slot250within a 5G/NR frame structure.FIG.2Dshows an example of UL channels280within a 5G/NR slot. In some cases, the 5G/NR frame structure may be FDD in which, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), slots within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL transmissions. In other cases, the 5G/NR frame structure may be TDD in which, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), slots within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL transmissions. In the examples shown inFIGS.2A and2C, the 5G/NR frame structure is based on TDD, with slot4configured with slot format28(with mostly DL), where D indicates DL, U indicates UL, and X indicates that the slot is flexible for use between DL and UL, and with slot3configured with slot format34(with mostly UL). While slots3and4are shown with slot formats34and28, respectively, any particular slot may be configured with any of the various available slot formats0-61. Slot formats0and1are all DL and all UL, respectively. Other slot formats2-61include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs may be configured with the slot format, either dynamically through downlink control information (DCI) or semi-statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling by a slot format indicator (SFI). The configured slot format also may apply to a 5G/NR frame structure that is based on FDD.

Other wireless communication technologies may have a different frame structure or different channels. A frame may be divided into a number of equally sized subframes. For example, a frame having a duration of 10 microseconds (p) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes each having a duration of 1 μs. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes also may include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration. For slot configuration0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (such as for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also referred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (such as for power limited scenarios).

The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration0, different numerologies (μ)0to5allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration1, different numerologies0to2allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration0and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2μ slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length/duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2{circumflex over ( )}μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology0to5. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing.FIGS.2A-2Dprovide an example of slot configuration0with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=0 with 1 slot per subframe. The subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz and symbol duration is approximately 66.7 microseconds (p).

A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends across 12 consecutive subcarriers and across a number of symbols. The intersections of subcarriers and across 14 symbols. The intersections of subcarriers and of the RB define multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

As illustrated inFIG.2A, some of the REs carry a reference signal (RS) for the UE. In some configurations, one or more REs may carry a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) (indicated as Rx for one particular configuration, where 100× is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). In some configurations, one or more REs may carry a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel measurement at the UE. The REs also may include a beam measurement reference signal (BRS), a beam refinement reference signal (BRRS), and a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS).

FIG.3shows a block diagram of an example base station310and UE350in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC160may be provided to a controller/processor375of the base station310. The controller/processor375may implement layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller/processor375also may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (such as the MIB and SIBs), RRC connection control (such as RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting. The controller/processor375also may provide PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, security (such as ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions. The controller/processor375also may provide RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs. The controller/processor375also may provide MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

In some implementations, controller/processor375may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the base station310). For example, a processing system of the base station310may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the base station310.

The processing system of the base station310may interface with other components of the base station310, and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals), output information to other components, and the like. For example, a chip or modem of the base station310may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit or provide information. In some instances, the first interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the base station310may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some instances, the second interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the base station310may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit or provide information.

In some implementations, the controller/processor359may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of the UE350). For example, a processing system of the UE350may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the UE350.

The processing system of the UE350may interface with other components of the UE350, and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals), output information to other components, and the like. For example, a chip or modem of the UE350may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output or transmit information. In some instances, the first interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the UE350may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some instances, the second interface may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the UE350may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit or provide information.

In the example ofFIG.3, each antenna352of the UE350is coupled to a respective transmitter354TX. In some other implementations, some UEs may have fewer transmitters (or transmit chains) than receive (RX) antennas. Although not shown for simplicity, each transmitter may be coupled to a respective power amplifier (PA) which amplifies the signal to be transmitted. The combination of a transmitter with a PA may be referred to herein as a “transmit chain” or “TX chain.” To save on cost or die area, the same PA may be reused to transmit signals over multiple RX antennas. In other words, one or more TX chains of a UE may be switchably coupled to multiple RX antennas ports.

Narrowband communications involve communicating with a limited frequency bandwidth (such as compared to wideband communications typically used by cellular and Wi-Fi devices), and may be implemented in one or both of a licensed frequency band and an unlicensed frequency band. An unlicensed frequency band may refer to a radio-frequency (RF) band that is open for shared use by any device that complies with regulatory agency rules for communicating via the RF band. In some implementations, the unlicensed frequency band may include one or more radio frequencies in the 5 GHz band (such as the UNIT frequency bands between approximately 5.15 GHz and approximately 5.825 GHz). In some other implementations, the unlicensed frequency band may include one or more radio frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band (such as radio frequencies between approximately 2.4 GHz and 2.48 GHz typically used by Wi-Fi devices and WLANs). In some other implementations, the unlicensed frequency band may include one or more radio frequencies in the 6 GHz band.

FIG.4shows a frequency spectrum diagram400depicting an example 5 GHz frequency band. The 5 GHz frequency band may range from 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz, and may be subdivided into a number of UNIT radio sub-bands. The usable sub-bands in the 5 GHz frequency band may include a UNII-1 sub-band (such as between 5.15-5.25 GHz), a UNII-2A sub-band (such as between 5.25-5.35 GHz), a UNII-2C sub-band (such as between 5.470-5.725 GHz), and a UNII-3 sub-band (such as between 5.725-5.850 GHz).

Each of the sub-bands includes a number of 20 MHz channels (such as channels36-64and100-177). The 20 MHz channels may be grouped or paired with one another to form 40 MHz channels. The 40 MHz channels also may be grouped or paired with one another to form 80 MHz channels, and the 80 MHz channels may be further grouped or paired with one another to form a 160 MHz channel. A 120 MHz wide frequency band or gap exists between the UNII-2A sub-band and the UNII-2C sub-band (such as between 5.35-5.47 GHz), dividing the 5 GHz frequency band into a lower frequency range410(such as between 5.17-5.35 GHz) and an upper frequency range420(such as between 5.47-5.85 GHz). Wireless communications may be restricted in the 120 MHz wide region. The UNII-1 sub-band may allow channel widths of up to 100 MHz, with a maximum transmit power of 50 milliwatts (mW). The UNII-2A sub-band may allow channel widths of up to 100 MHz, with a maximum transmit power of 250 mW. The UNII-2C sub-band may allow channel widths of up to 255 MHz, with a maximum transmit power of 250 mW. The UNII-3 sub-band may allow channel widths of up to 125 MHz, with an unspecified maximum transmit power.

In contrast to most licensed RF bands, users of unlicensed frequency bands typically do not have regulatory protection against radio interference from devices of other users, and may be subject to radio interference caused by other devices that use the unlicensed frequency band. Because unlicensed frequency bands may be shared by devices operating according to different communication protocols (such as the 3GPP standards for LTE and 5G NR devices and the IEEE 802.11 standards for Wi-Fi devices), a device operating in an unlicensed frequency band typically contends with other nearby devices for medium access before transmitting data on the unlicensed frequency band.

When communicating in an unlicensed frequency band, a UE or base station may need to coexist or share the unlicensed frequency band with other devices. One way to promote coexistence with other devices is to use a listen-before-talk or listen-before-transmit (LBT) procedure to determine that the shared wireless medium has been idle for a duration before attempting transmissions on the shared wireless medium. In some implementations, LBT procedures may be used with frequency hopping techniques to increase the likelihood of finding a clear channel for communication.

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) EN 301-893 standards define channel access mechanisms to be used by wireless devices for transmissions on the UNII-1 and UNII-2 radio bands. For example, the ETSI EN 301-893 standards define a LBT channel access protocol to be used by wireless devices (including IEEE 802.11-compliant wireless devices and LAA-compliant wireless devices) for gaining medium access on the UNII-1 and UNII-2 radio bands. This channel access mechanism, which may be referred to as a category-2 LBT channel access protocol, includes a mechanism by which wireless devices perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) to ensure that wireless channel is idle before transmitting data on the wireless channel.

FIG.5shows an example frequency hopping pattern500that may be used for narrowband communications between a base station (BS)502and a UE504in a radio access network (RAN). The base station502may be one example of the base station102ofFIG.1or the base station310ofFIG.3, the UE504may be one example of the UE104ofFIG.1or the UE350ofFIG.3, and the radio access network may be any suitable RAN including, for example, a 5G NR access network. In some implementations, the communications500may be narrowband communications in an unlicensed frequency band.

The frequency hopping pattern500includes a plurality of hopping channels across which the base station502and the UE504frequency hop in an order indicated by the frequency hopping pattern. For some implementations in which the base station502and the UE504communicate with each other using narrowband communications in the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum, the frequency hopping pattern500may include N=15 different hopping channels, the dwell time on each hopping channel may be approximately 80 milliseconds (ms), and each of the plurality of hopping channels may have a bandwidth not greater than 5 MHz. Although only four hopping channels CH-1to CH-4are shown in the example ofFIG.5, the frequency hopping pattern500may include any suitable number of hopping channels. As a non-limiting example, in some implementations, the frequency hopping pattern500may include 15 or more different hopping channels.

Each of the hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern500may be associated with a corresponding one of hopping frames510-1to510-4that can be used for DL and UL communications between the base station502and the UE504. In the example ofFIG.5, the first hopping channel CH-1is associated with the first hopping frame510-1and has a BWP hopping frequency denoted as BWP HF1, the second hopping channel CH-2is associated with the second hopping frame510-2and has a BWP hopping frequency denoted as BWP HF2, the third hopping channel CH-3is associated with the third hopping frame510-3and has a BWP hopping frequency denoted as BWP HF3, and the fourth hopping channel CH-4is associated with the fourth hopping frame510-4and has a BWP hopping frequency denoted as BWP HF4. Although other hopping channels are not shown inFIG.5for simplicity, the four hopping channels CH-1to CH-4may form one group of hopping channels of a number of groups of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern.

The base station502and the UE504initially tune to the anchor channel, and the base station502transmits a discovery reference signal (DRS) that indicates a first DRS period during which the base station502and the UE504may exchange communications on the first hopping channel CH-1using the first hopping frame510-1. In some implementations, the DRS may include or indicate the frequency hopping pattern, one or more frequency hopping parameters, and system information. The frequency hopping pattern may indicate a location of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels, an order in which the UE504is to frequency hop across the plurality of hopping channels, and the dwell time on each of the plurality of hopping channels. The frequency hopping information may indicate a duration of hopping frames associated with the plurality of hopping channels, a duration of one or both DL and UL transmissions, and other information. The system information may include one or more of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a system information block (SIB), or a slot format indicator (SFI).

The base station502also may transmit a grouping indication indicating at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some aspects, the grouping indication also may include or indicate the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the grouping indication may be transmitted to the UE504in the DRS. In some other implementations, the grouping indication may be provided to the UE504via RRC configuration.

The UE504determines the ordering and locations of the plurality of hopping channels based on the frequency hopping pattern indication, and determines the groups of hopping channels based on the grouping indication. After transmission of the DRS, the base station502and the UE504frequency hop to the first hopping channel CH-1. The base station502transmits a CSI-RS to the UE504on the first hopping channel CH-1. The UE504may use the received CSI-RS to determine CSI of the first hopping channel CH-1. In some instances, the UE504may transmit the CSI of the first hopping channel to the base station502while operating on the first hopping channel CH-1. In some other instances, the UE504may transmit the CSI of the first hopping channel to the base station502while operating on another hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern.

The base station502and the UE504return to the anchor channel at the end of the first DRS period. The base station502transmits a second DRS indicating a second DRS period during which the base station502and the UE504may exchange communications on the second hopping channel CH-2using the second hopping frame510-2. After jumping to the second hopping channel CH-2, the base station502transmits a CSI-RS to the UE504on the second hopping channel CH-2. The UE504may use the received CSI-RS to determine the CSI of the second hopping channel. In some instances, the UE504may transmit the CSI of the second hopping channel to the base station502while operating on the second hopping channel CH-2. In some other instances, the UE504may transmit the CSI of the second hopping channel to the base station502while operating on another hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern.

The base station502and the UE504return to the anchor channel at the end of the second DRS period, and may perform similar operations on the third hopping channel CH-3and the fourth hopping channel CH-4of the group of hopping channels to determine the CSI of the third hopping channel and the CSI of fourth hopping channel, respectively. In some instances, the UE504may transmit the CSI of the third hopping channel to the base station502while operating on the third hopping channel CH-3, and may transmit the CSI of the fourth hopping channel to the base station502while operating on the fourth hopping channel CH-4. In some other instances, the UE504may transmit the CSIs of the third or fourth hopping channels to the base station502while operating on one or more other hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern.

The CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels CH-1to CH-4may be combined to determine a group CSI for the group of hopping channels. When the hopping channels CH-1to CH-4have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a frequency range, the group CSI may indicate channel information of the frequency range. The UE504may transmit the group CSI to the base station502on each of the hopping channels CH-1to CH-4, may transmit the group CSI to the base station502on the last hopping channel CH-4of the group of hopping channels, or may transmit the group CSI to the base station502on a selected number (N) of the hopping channels of the group of hopping channels. In some instances, the group CSI may be a moving average of the CSIs determined for each of one or more last hopping channels of the respective group, and may be expressed as:

∑i=0N-1αi⁢f⁡(10·log1⁢0(SINRi)),
where ΣiN-1αi=1, f is the average constraint capacity, αiis the weighting factor for the ithhopping channel of the number N of most recently visited hopping channels, and f(10·log10(SINRi)) is the constraint capacity for the ithhopping channel of the number N of most recently visited hopping channels.

In some other instances, the group CSI may be an average of the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the respective group, and may be expressed as:
α·fj(10·log10(SINR(n)))+(1−α)·fj(10·log10(SINR(n−1))),
where f is the average constraint capacity, αiis the weighting factor for the ithhopping channel within the respective group of hopping channels, f(10·log10(SINRi)) is the constraint capacity for the ithhopping channel within the respective group of hopping channels, and f(SINR(i)) is the CSI estimated for the ithhopping channel.

In some other implementations, the CSI determined for each of the hopping channels CH-1to CH-4may be used to estimate a wideband CSI indicative of wideband channel conditions. The estimated wideband CSIs may be combined to form a group wideband CSI for the group of hopping channels CH-1to CH-4, and an indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted to the base station502. In some instances, the UE504may transmit the indication of the group wideband CSI on the last hopping channel CH-1of the group. In some other instances, the UE504may transmit the indication of the group wideband CSI on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.

In some other implementations, the UE504may determine a CSI difference value between the group wideband CSI and each of the CSIs estimated for the hopping channels CH-1to CH-4of the group. In some instances, the UE504may transmit one or more of the CSI difference values to the base station502in one or more uplink control information (UCI) messages.

FIG.6shows an example grouping600of a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern. The frequency hopping pattern includes 15 different hopping channels across which a base station and a UE can frequency hop to exchange communications. The hopping channels are denoted as 1-15 based on an ordering of the hopping channels. In some implementations, each of the hopping channels may be a narrowband channel having a bandwidth less than approximately 5 MHz, and may be grouped with other hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies to form a group of hopping channels that span or occupy a wideband channel. In some instances, the wideband channel occupied by a respective group of hopping channels may correspond to a 20 MHz channel of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

For the grouping600ofFIG.6, the 15 hopping channels are grouped into 4 groups G1-G4. The first group G1of hopping channels includes four hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a first continuous frequency range corresponding to Wi-Fi channels0to3in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The second group G2of hopping channels includes four hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a second continuous frequency range corresponding to Wi-Fi channels4to7in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The third group G3of hopping channels includes four hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a third continuous frequency range corresponding to Wi-Fi channels8to11in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The fourth group G4of hopping channels includes three hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a fourth continuous frequency range corresponding to Wi-Fi channels12to15in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

In some implementations, the frequency correlation of interference may be exploited such that channel information determined for one of the hopping channels in a respective group of hopping channels may be used to estimate channel conditions on the continuous frequency range corresponding to the respective group. Specifically, channel state information (CSI) determined for any one of the hopping channels1,6,9, or11of the first group G1may be used to determine CSI for a 20 MHz wireless channel between approximately 2.405 and 2.425 GHz, the CSI determined for any one of the hopping channels2,3,7, or15of the second group G2may be used to determine CSI for a 20 MHz wireless channel between approximately 2.425 and 2.445 GHz, the CSI determined for any one of the hopping channels5,8,13, or14of the third group G3may be used to determine CSI for a 20 MHz wireless channel between approximately 2.445 and 2.465 GHz, and the CSI determined for any one of the hopping channels4,10, or12of the fourth group G4may be used to determine CSI for a 20 MHz wireless channel between approximately 2.465 and 2.485 GHz. Accordingly, by grouping the hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern ofFIG.6based on the example groupings600, a base station can estimate channel conditions of a wideband wireless channel (such as a 20 MHz Wi-Fi channel) based on channel conditions determined for a narrowband wireless channel (such as one of the hopping channels).

FIG.7Ashows a sequence diagram700depicting communications between a base station702and a UE704. The base station702may be one example of the base station102ofFIG.1, the base station310ofFIG.3, or the base station502ofFIG.5. The UE704may be one example of the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE504ofFIG.5. The communications may be transmitted using any suitable radio access network (RAN) including, for example, a 5G NR access network. In some implementations, the communications may be narrowband communications in an unlicensed frequency band (such as unlicensed portions of the 2.4 GHz frequency band, one or more of the UNIT bands in the 5 GHz frequency band, unlicensed portions of the 6 GHz frequency band, or other unlicensed frequency bands).

The base station702and UE704may use frequency hopping to exploit the frequency diversity in unlicensed frequency bands. In some implementations, the base station702may select or derive a frequency hopping pattern that includes a plurality of hopping channels upon which the base station702and the UE704may frequency hop. Each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels may be associated with one or more corresponding hopping frames with which the base station702and the UE704may exchange communications. For example, the base station702may transmit system information, DL reference signals, DL data, and other DL communications to the UE704on DL hopping frames, and the UE704may transmit reports, UL reference signals, UL data, and other UL communications to the base station702on UL hopping frames.

The base station702may group the plurality of hopping channels into different groups based on the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels. In some implementations, a set of hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies may be assigned to a group such that the combined BWP hopping frequencies of the group correspond to a channel of a wireless network. The channel conditions of one or more nearby wireless networks also may be used to group the plurality of hopping channels into groups. In some implementations, the base station702may request the UE704to determine the channel conditions of a nearby wireless network, and to report the determined channel conditions to the base station702. Specifically, the base station702may transmit a Wi-Fi measurement request that instructs the UE704to determine or estimate channel conditions of one or more identified wireless networks. The UE704may use any suitable mechanism to determine or obtain the requested channel conditions, and may transmit the determined channel conditions to the base station702in a measurement report.

In some implementations, the UE704may include a Wi-Fi chipset that can be used to exchange communications with Wi-Fi devices (such as APs and STAs) using communication protocols and signaling techniques adopted by one or more versions of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. As such, the UE704may participate in channel sounding operations with one or more APs of an associated wireless network to determine channel conditions of the associated wireless network, or may at least receive sounding frames or sounding sequences (such as a null data packet (NDP)) from which channel conditions of the wireless network can be estimated. In some implementations, the UE704may identify the wireless channels upon which a nearby wireless network operates based on beacon frames or other broadcast frames associated with the nearby wireless network. In some instances, the UE704may identify the wireless channels by decoding channel information contained in one or more of the beacon frames. In some other instances, the UE704may identify the wireless channels based on a presence (or absence) of beacon frames transmitted on the wireless channels.

The base station702may transmit a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating a first DRS period during which the base station702and the UE704may exchange communications on the first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. The DRS may be transmitted on an anchor channel, may include or indicate the frequency hopping pattern, and may include grouping information of the hopping channels. In some instances, the DRS also may include system information. The frequency hopping pattern may indicate a location of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels, an order in which the UE704is to frequency hop across the plurality of hopping channels, and the dwell time on each of the plurality of hopping channels. The frequency hopping pattern also may indicate a duration of hopping frames associated with the plurality of hopping channels, a duration of one or both DL and UL transmissions, and other information. The system information may include one or more of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a system information block (SIB), or a slot format indicator (SFI). The UE704may use the PSS to determine subframe or symbol timing and a physical layer identity, and may use the SSS to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.

The grouping indication may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some aspects, the grouping indication also may include or indicate the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the grouping indication may be transmitted to the UE704in the DRS. In some other implementations, the grouping indication may be provided to the UE704via RRC configuration.

The UE704may identify the ordering and the locations of the plurality of hopping channels based on the frequency hopping information contained in the DRS, and may identify the groups of hopping channels based on the grouping indication. After transmission of the DRS, the base station702and the UE704frequency hop to the first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. In some implementations, the base station702may contend for channel access to the hopping channels using a CCA-based channel access mechanism, and the UE704may access the hopping channels without using an LBT channel access mechanism. The base station702may obtain access to the first hopping channel for a channel occupancy time (COT) based on the CCA-based channel access mechanism, and may transmit a signal informing the UE704of the obtained COT on the first hopping channel (the signal is not shown inFIG.7Afor simplicity). The signal may be one or more of system information channel occupancy time (SI-COT), a group-common physical downlink control channel (GC-PDCCH), or a common transmit preamble.

The base station702may transmit DL reference signals, DL data, UL/DL grants, and other information on the first hopping channel. The UE704may monitor the first hopping channel for the DL reference signals, DL data, UL/DL grants, and other information. Specifically, the base station702may transmit a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on the first hopping channel. In some implementations, the base station702may transmit the CSI-RS concurrently with transmitting the DL data to the UE704(such as by using the same channel resources to transmit the DL data and the CSI-RS). In some other implementations, the base station702may transmit the DL data and the CSI-RS to the UE704at different times during the first DRS period.

The UE704may use the CSI-RS received on the first hopping channel to determine channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel, and may transmit the determined CSI as a CSI report to the base station702on the first hopping channel. In some other implementations, the UE704may transmit the CSI report of the first hopping channel to the base station702on another hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. In some instances, the UE704may transmit the CSI report of the first hopping channel to the base station702on a last hopping channel of the group that includes the first hopping channel. In some other instances, the UE704may transmit the CSI report of the first hopping channel to the base station702on a designated hopping channel of the group that includes the first hopping channel.

When the UE704does not have buffered UL data, the UE704may transmit the CSI report to the base station702on the PUCCH. When the UE704has buffered UL data, the UE704may transmit the CSI report on the PUSCH along with the UL data. In some implementations, the UE704may be configured to operate as a full-duplex device, and may receive DL data on the first hopping channel from the base station702concurrently with transmitting UL data on the first hopping channel to the base station702. In some other implementations, the UE704may be configured to operate as half-duplex device, and may receive DL data and transmit UL data at different times during the first DRS period.

The base station702and the UE704may return to the anchor channel at the end of the first DRS period. The base station702may transmit a second DRS indicating a second DRS period during which the base station702and the UE704may exchange communications using the second hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. After transmission of the second DRS, the base station702and the UE704may frequency hop to the second hopping channel, and the base station702transmits a second CSI-RS on the second hopping channel. In some implementations, the base station702may transmit the second CSI-RS concurrently with transmitting DL data to the UE704. In some other implementations, the base station702may transmit the DL data and the second CSI-RS to the UE704at different times during the second DRS period.

The UE704may use the CSI-RS received on the second hopping channel to determine CSI of the second hopping channel. The UE704may transmit the determined CSI as a CSI report to the base station702on the second hopping channel. In some other implementations, the UE704may transmit the CSI report of the second hopping channel to the base station702on another hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. In some instances, the UE704may transmit the CSI report of the second hopping channel to the base station702on a last hopping channel of the group that includes the second hopping channel. In some other instances, the UE704may transmit the CSI report of the first hopping channel to the base station702on a designated hopping channel of the group that includes the second hopping channel.

When the UE704does not have buffered UL data, the UE704may transmit the CSI report to the base station702on the PUCCH. When the UE704has buffered UL data, the UE704may transmit the CSI report on the PUSCH along with the UL data.

The base station702and the UE704may frequency hop across the remaining hopping channels of the plurality of hopping channels in a manner similar to that described with reference to the first and second hopping channels. After sequencing through the frequency hopping pattern, the base station702may have CSI for each of the plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern. In some implementations, the channel information obtained for a frequency hopping pattern may be used to selectively change the groupings of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern.

As described, the UE704may transmit the CSI reports to the base station702on each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern. In some instances, the channel information provided to the base station702for a respective hopping channel may be stale when the base station702and the UE704re-visit the respective hopping channel. For example, when a frequency hopping pattern including 15 hopping channels and having a channel dwell time of approximately 80 ms is used by the base station702and the UE704, the duration between visits to a respective hopping channel is approximately 15×80 ms=1.2 seconds, which may be a sufficiently long duration for channel conditions on the respective hopping channel to change. As such, the base station502may benefit from determining (or at least infer) channel information of the hopping channels earlier.

FIG.7Bshows a sequence diagram710depicting communications between the base station702and the UE the UE704. The base station702may be one example of the base station102ofFIG.1, the base station310ofFIG.3, or the base station502ofFIG.5. The UE704may be one example of the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE504ofFIG.5. The communications may be transmitted using any suitable radio access network (RAN) including, for example, a 5G NR access network. In some implementations, the communications may be narrowband communications in an unlicensed frequency band (such as unlicensed portions of the 2.4 GHz frequency band, one or more of the UNIT bands in the 5 GHz frequency band, unlicensed portions of the 6 GHz frequency band, or other unlicensed frequency bands).

In some implementations, the base station702may group a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on the BWP hopping frequencies of the plurality of hopping channels. In the example ofFIG.7B, a plurality of hopping channels are grouped into a first group G1and a second group G2. The first group G1of hopping channels and the second group G2of hopping channels may be part of a frequency hopping pattern used for communications between the base station702and the UE704.

The base station702may transmit a DRS to the UE704at the beginning of each DRS period. The DRS may include or indicate the frequency hopping pattern, the grouping indication, and system information. In some implementations, the grouping indication may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. The one or more grouping parameters also may indicate the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels.

After transmission of the DRS, the base station702and the UE704may jump to the first hopping channel of the first group G1. The base station702may transmit a CSI-RS on the first hopping channel. The UE704may determine CSI for the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. The base station702may transmit DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information on the first hopping channel. The UE704may be configured to receive DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information from the base station702on the first hopping channel. In some implementations, the UE704may receive DL data on the first hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.

The base station702and the UE704may jump to the second hopping channel of the first group G1after a number of DRS periods. The base station702may transmit a CSI-RS on the second hopping channel, and the UE704may determine CSI for the second hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. The base station702also may transmit DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information on the second hopping channel. The704may be configured to receive DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information from the base station702on the second hopping channel. In some implementations, the UE704may receive DL data on the second hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the second hopping channel.

The base station702and the UE704may jump to the third hopping channel of the first group G1after a number of DRS periods, and may perform similar operations to determine the CSI of each of the remaining hopping channels of the first group G1. The CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the first group G1may be combined to determine a group CSI for the first group G1of hopping channels. When the hopping channels of the first group G1have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a frequency range, the group CSI may indicate channel information of the frequency range. The UE704may transmit the group CSI to the base station702on each of the hopping channels of the first group G1or may transmit the group CSI to the base station702on the last hopping channel of the first group G1. In some instances, the group CSI may be a moving average of the CSIs determined for each of one or more last hopping channels of the respective group. In some other instances, the group CSI may be an average of the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the respective group.

The base station702and the UE704may jump to the first hopping channel of the second group G2of hopping channels, and may perform operations similar to the operations described with reference to the first group G1of hopping channels to determine the CSI of each of the hopping channels of the second group G2. The CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the second group G2may be combined to determine a group CSI for the second group G2of hopping channels. When the hopping channels of the first second group G2have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that span a frequency range, the group CSI may indicate channel information of the frequency range. The UE704may transmit the group CSI to the base station702on each of the hopping channels of the second group G2or may transmit the group CSI to the base station702on the last hopping channel of the second group G2. In some instances, the group CSI may be a moving average of the CSIs determined for each of one or more last hopping channels of the respective group. In some other instances, the group CSI may be an average of the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the respective group.

FIG.7Cshows a sequence diagram720depicting communications between the base station702and the UE704. The base station702may be one example of the base station102ofFIG.1, the base station310ofFIG.3, or the base station502ofFIG.5. The UE704may be one example of the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE504ofFIG.5. The communications may be transmitted using any suitable radio access network (RAN) including, for example, a 5G NR access network. In some implementations, the communications may be narrowband communications in an unlicensed frequency band (such as unlicensed portions of the 2.4 GHz frequency band, one or more of the UNIT bands in the 5 GHz frequency band, unlicensed portions of the 6 GHz frequency band, or other unlicensed frequency bands).

In some implementations, the base station702may group a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into different groups based on the BWP hopping frequencies of the plurality of hopping channels. In the example ofFIG.7C, a plurality of hopping channels are grouped into a first group G1and a second group G2. The first group G1and the second group G2of hopping channels may be part of a frequency hopping pattern used for communications between the base station702and the UE704.

The base station702may transmit a DRS to the UE704at the beginning of each DRS period. The DRS may include or indicate the frequency hopping pattern, the grouping indication, and system information. In some implementations, the grouping indication may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. The grouping indication also may indicate the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels.

After transmission of the DRS, the base station702and the UE704may jump to the first hopping channel of the first group G1. The base station702may transmit a CSI-RS on the first hopping channel, and the UE704may estimate a wideband (WB) channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. In some implementations, the estimated WB CSI may indicate channel conditions of a corresponding wideband channel. The base station702may transmit DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information on the first hopping channel. The UE704may be configured to receive DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information from the base station702on the first hopping channel. In some implementations, the UE704may receive DL data on the first hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.

The base station702and the UE704may jump to the second hopping channel of the first group G1after a number of DRS periods. The base station702may transmit a CSI-RS on the second hopping channel, and the UE704may estimate a WB CSI of the second hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. In some implementations, the estimated WB CSI may indicate channel conditions of a corresponding wideband channel. The base station702also may transmit DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information on the second hopping channel. The UE704may be configured to receive DL data, DL reference signals, UL/DL grants, and other information from the base station702on the second hopping channel. In some implementations, the UE704may receive DL data on the second hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the second hopping channel.

The base station702and the UE704may jump to the third hopping channel of the first group G1after a number of DRS periods, and may perform similar operations to estimate the WB CSI of each of the remaining hopping channels of the first group G1. The WB CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the first group G1may be combined to determine a group WB CSI for the first group G1of hopping channels. The UE704may transmit the group WB CSI to the base station702on each of the hopping channels of the first group G1or may transmit the group WB CSI to the base station702on the last hopping channel of the first group G1.

The base station702and the UE704may jump to the first hopping channel of the second group G2of hopping channels, and may perform operations similar to the operations described with reference to the first group G1of hopping channels to determine the WB CSI of each of the hopping channels of the second group G2. The WB CSI's determined for each of the hopping channels of the second group G2may be combined to determine a group WB CSI for the second group G2of hopping channels. The UE704may transmit the group WB CSI to the base station702on each of the hopping channels of the second group G2or may transmit the group WB CSI to the base station702on the last hopping channel of the second group G2.

In some other implementations, the UE704may receive a CSI-RS on each of the hopping channels of the first group G1, and may estimate the WB CSI of each hopping channel of a number (N) of the hopping channels of the first group G1based on the received CSI-RSs. In some instances, the estimated wideband CSI of any one or more hopping channels of the first group G1of hopping channels may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the first group G1of hopping channels. In some other implementations, the UE704may determine a CSI difference value between the group WB CSI and each of the CSIs estimated for the hopping channels of the first group G1. In some instances, the UE704may transmit one or more of the CSI difference values to the base station702in one or more uplink control information (UCI) messages.

Similarly, the UE704may receive a CSI-RS on each of the hopping channels of the second group G2, and may estimate the WB CSI of each hopping channel of a N of the hopping channels of the second group G2based on the received CSI-RSs. In some instances, the estimated wideband CSI of any one or more hopping channels of the second group G2of hopping channels may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the second group G2of hopping channels. In some other implementations, the UE704may determine a CSI difference value between the group WB CSI and each of the CSIs estimated for the hopping channels of the second group G2. In some instances, the UE704may transmit one or more of the CSI difference values to the base station702in one or more UCI messages.

FIG.8shows a flowchart depicting an example operation800for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation800may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UEs704ofFIGS.7A-7C. At block802, the UE receives, over an anchor channel, a signal indicating a frequency hopping pattern. At block804, the UE receives an indication of a grouping of a plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups of hopping channels. At block806, the UE receives a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. At block808, the UE determines channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. At block810, the UE transmits the CSI of the first hopping channel to the BS.

In some implementations, the signal may be a DRS received over the anchor channel. In some instances, the grouping indication may be received in the DRS. In some other instances, the grouping indication may be received via RRC configuration. The grouping indication may be, or may indicate, at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the CSI may be transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) when the UE is on the first hopping channel, and may be transmitted on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS. In some instances, the UE may transmit the CSI on the PUSCH concurrently with transmitting UL data on the PUSCH.

In some implementations, the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels may be based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN). In addition, or in the alternative, the frequency hopping pattern may be based at least in part on channel conditions on the one or more wireless channels of the WLAN. In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may include adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a WLAN. In some instances, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the WLAN.

FIG.9shows a flowchart depicting an example operation900for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation900may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UEs704ofFIGS.7A-7C. In some instances, the operation900may be performed before the operation800ofFIG.8. In some other instances, the operation900may be performed during the operation800ofFIG.8. In some other instances, the operation900may be performed after the operation800ofFIG.8. For example, at block902, the UE determines a level of interference on the anchor channel based on the DRS. At block904, the UE transmits the determined level of interference to the BS.

In some implementations, the first hopping channel may be a narrowband channel that at least partially overlaps a channel (such as a primary channel or one or more secondary channels) of a wireless network, and the CSI may be indicative of channel conditions or interference on the channel of the wireless network. For example, in some instances, the first hopping channel may belong to a first group of hopping channels having frequency bands that at least partially overlap the channel of the wireless network. In some other instances, the hopping channels within a particular group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network. For example, in some implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels span a primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.

FIG.10shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1000for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1000may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UEs704ofFIGS.7A-7C. In some implementations, the operation1000may begin before the operation800ofFIG.8. For example, in block1002, the UE receives a measurement request from the BS. At block1004, the UE identifies the one or more channels of the WLAN in response to the measurement request. At block1006, the UE estimates the channel conditions on each of the one or more identified channels of the WLAN. At block1008, the UE transmits the estimated channel conditions to the BS.

In some implementations, the measurement request may instruct one or more UEs to determine or estimate channel conditions of one or more identified wireless channels of wireless networks. The UEs may use any suitable mechanism to determine or obtain the requested channel conditions, and may transmit the determined channel conditions to the BS in a measurement report. In some instances, the measurement request and the measurement report may be frames defined by one or more amendments of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communications standards.

As discussed, hopping channels having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies can be grouped together such that the frequency range spanned by the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels in a given group occupies the same or similar frequency range as a particular channel (such as the primary 20 MHz channel) of a wireless network. For example, a number (N) of hopping channels belonging to the same group and having adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a primary 20 MHz channel of a wireless network can be associated with the primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network. In this way, channel conditions and state information determined or estimated for the group of hopping channels may be used as an indication of the channel conditions of the primary channel of the wireless network.

FIG.11Ashows a flowchart depicting an example operation1100for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1100may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. In some implementations, the operation1100may be one example of one or more of the operations described in blocks806,808, or810ofFIG.8. For example, at block1102, the UE frequency hops across the hopping channels of a respective group of hopping channels. At block1104, the UE receives a CSI-RS on each of the hopping channels of the respective group. At block1106, the UE determines CSI of each of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the CSI-RS received on the respective hopping channel of the group. At block1108, the UE determines a group CSI for the respective group based at least in part on the determined CSIs of each of the hopping channels of the respective group. At block1110, the UE transmits the group CSI for the respective group of hopping channels to a BS.

In some implementations, the group CSI may be a moving average of the CSIs determined for a last number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group, where N is an integer greater than one. In some instances, the moving average may be transmitted to the BS on each hopping channel of the last number N of the hopping channels of the respective group. In some other implementations, the group CSI may be an average of the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the respective group, and the average CSI may be transmitted to the BS on each hopping channel of the respective group.

FIG.11Bshows a flowchart depicting an example operation1120for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1120may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. In some implementations, the operation1120may be one example of transmitting the group CSI in block1110ofFIG.11A. For example, at block1122, the UE receives a CSI trigger on a last hopping channel of each group of hopping channels. At block1124, the UE transmits the group CSIs on the last hopping channels of respective groups of hopping channels based on the CSI triggers. That is, rather than transmitting CSI on every hopping channel of a frequency hopping pattern, the UE may transmit CSI for all hopping channels in a group while dwelling on the last hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. In this way, implementations of the subject matter disclosed herein may reduce power consumption of the UEs, and also may reduce latencies on one or more wireless channels, by transmitting group CSI of a respective group of hopping channels to the BS over one hopping channel of the respective group.

FIG.12shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1200for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1200may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. In some implementations, the operation1200may be one example of one or more of the operations described in blocks806,808, or810FIG.8. For example, at block1202, the UE receives a CSI-RS on the hopping channel. At block1204, the UE estimates a wideband CSI of the hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. At block1206, the UE combines the estimated wideband CSIs of the hopping channels in a group to form a group wideband CSI for the respective group of hopping channels. At block1208, the UE transmits an indication of the group wideband CSI to a BS. In some implementations, the estimated wideband CSI may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels.

As discussed, the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels in a respective group may be combined to determine a group CSI for the respective group of hopping channels. In some implementations, a respective group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency range, and the determined group CSI may indicate channel information of the spanned frequency range. In some instances, the group CSI may be transmitted on the PUCCH while the UE is on a particular hopping channel. In some other instances, the CSI may be transmitted on the PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS.

FIG.13shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1300for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1300may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. In some implementations, the operation1300may be one example of one or more of the operations described in blocks806,808, or810ofFIG.8. For example, at block1302, the UE frequency hops across the hopping channels of a respective group of hopping channels. At block1304, the receives a CSI-RS on each hopping channel of the respective group. At block1306, the UE estimates a wideband CSI of each hopping channel of a number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the received CSI-RS, where N is an integer greater than zero. At block1308, the UE transmits the estimated wideband CSIs of the respective group to the BS.

The estimated wideband CSI may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted to the BS on CSI resources of the PUCCH. In some instances, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels. In some other instances, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.

FIG.14shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1400for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1400may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. In some implementations, the operation1400may be one example of one or more of the operations described in blocks806,808, or810ofFIG.8. For example, at block1402, the UE receives a selection of the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels for which CSI is requested. At block1404, the UE frequency hops across the hopping channels of a respective group of hopping channels. At block1406, the UE receives a CSI-RS on each hopping channel of the respective group. At block1408, the UE estimates a wideband CSI of each of the selected hopping channels based on the received CSI-RSs. At block1410, the UE transmits the estimated wideband CSIs to the BS.

The estimated wideband CSI may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on CSI resources of the PUCCH. In some instances, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels. In some other instances, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.

FIG.15shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1500for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1500may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the BS102ofFIG.1, the BS310ofFIG.3, or the BSs702ofFIGS.7A-7C. At block1502, the BS groups a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on a BWP hopping frequency of each respective hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels. At block1504, the BS transmits indications of the frequency hopping pattern and the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels. At block1506, the BS transmits a CSI-RS on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. At block1508, the BS receives channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel. In some instances, the CSI may be based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS.

In some implementations, the signal may be a DRS transmitted over the anchor channel. In some instances, one or more UEs may use the received DRS to estimate channel conditions or state information of the anchor channel. In some instances, the grouping indication may be received in the DRS. In some other instances, the grouping indication may be received via a RRC configuration. The grouping indication may be, or may indicate, at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels may be based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a nearby WLAN or other wireless network. The frequency hopping pattern also may be based at least in part on the channel conditions on the one or more wireless channels of the nearby WLAN. In some other implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may include adjacent BWP hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a wireless network. In some instances, the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels may span a primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels may span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.

In some implementations, the CSI may be received on the PUCCH when the UE is on the first hopping channel. In some other implementations, the CSI may be received on the PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS. In some instances, the UE may transmit the CSI on the PUSCH concurrently with transmitting UL data on the PUSCH.

FIG.16shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1600for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1600may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7A. At block1602, the UE receives a DRS indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels ordered in a sequence. At block1604, the UE receives one or more parameters indicating a grouping of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels. At block1606, the UE receives a CSI-RS on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. At block1608, the UE determines channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. At block1610, the UE transmits the CSI to a BS.

The one or more parameters may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channel. In some implementations, the one or more parameters may be included in the DRS. In some other implementations, the one or more parameters may be received in an RRC configuration.

In some implementations, the first hopping channel may be a narrowband channel that at least partially overlaps a channel of a wireless network, and the CSI may be indicative of channel conditions or interference on the channel of the wireless network. The first hopping channel may belong to a first group of hopping channels having frequency bands that at least partially overlap the channel of the wireless network. In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network.

The CSI may be transmitted on the PUCCH while the UE is on the first hopping channel, and may be transmitted on the PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS. In some implementations, the UE may transmit the CSI on the PUSCH concurrently with transmitting UL data on the PUSCH.

FIG.17Ashows a flowchart depicting an example operation1700for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1700may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE370ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7A. In some implementations, the operation1700is one example of receiving the CSI-RS in block1606ofFIG.16. For example, at block1702, the UE receives DL data on the first hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.

FIG.17Bshows a flowchart depicting an example operation1710for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1710may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7A. In some implementations, the operation1710begins after the UE receives the DRS in block1602ofFIG.16. For example, in block1712, the UE determines a level of interference on the anchor channel based on the DRS. At block1714, the UE transmits the determined level of interference to the BS.

FIG.17Cshows a flowchart depicting an example operation1720for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1720may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7A. In some implementations, the operation1720begins before the operation1600ofFIG.16. In some other implementations, the operation1720begins after the operation1600ofFIG.16. In some other implementations, the operation1720may be performed concurrently with one or more of the processes performed in the operation ofFIG.16. For example, in block1722, the UE receives a Wi-Fi measurement request from the BS. At block1724, the UE identifies one or more channels of the WLAN in response to the measurement request. At block1726, the UE estimates the channel conditions on each of the one or more identified channels of the WLAN. At block1728, the UE transmits the estimated channel conditions to the BS.

In some implementations, the BS may transmit a Wi-Fi measurement request that instructs the one or more UEs to determine or estimate channel conditions of one or more identified wireless networks. The UE may use any suitable mechanism to determine or obtain the requested channel conditions, and may transmit the determined channel conditions to the BS in a measurement report. The estimated channel conditions received from one or more UEs may be used to group the plurality of hopping channels into different groups.

FIG.18shows a flowchart depicting an example operation1800for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1800may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the BS102ofFIG.1, the BS310ofFIG.3, or the BS702ofFIG.7A. At block1802, the BS identifies a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels. At block1804, the BS groups the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups based on a BWP hopping frequency of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels. At block1806, the BS transmits an indication of the frequency hopping pattern and one or more parameters indicating the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels. At block1808, the BS transmits a CSI-RS on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern. At block1810, the BS receives channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel, where the CSI is based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS.

The one or more parameters may include at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the indication may be transmitted in a DRS. In some other implementations, the indication may be transmitted in the DRS, and the one or more parameters are transmitted in an RRC message.

In some implementations, the first hopping channel may be a narrowband channel that at least partially overlaps a channel of a wireless network, and the CSI is indicative of channel conditions or interference on the channel of the wireless network. The first hopping channel may belong to a first group of hopping channels having frequency bands that at least partially overlap the channel of the wireless network. In some implementations, the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels may have adjacent BWP hopping frequencies, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network.

The CSI may be transmitted on the PUCCH while the UE is on the first hopping channel, and may be transmitted on the PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS. In some implementations, the UE may transmit the CSI on the PUSCH concurrently with transmitting UL data on the PUSCH.

FIG.19Ashows a flowchart depicting an example operation1900for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1900may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the BS102ofFIG.1, the BS310ofFIG.3, or the BS702ofFIG.7A. In some implementations, the operation1900may be performed concurrently with the BS transmitting the CSI-RS in block1808ofFIG.18. For example, at block1902, the BS transmits DL data on the first hopping channel concurrently with transmitting the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.

FIG.19Bshows a flowchart depicting an example operation1910for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation1910may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the BS102ofFIG.1, the BS310ofFIG.3, or the BS702ofFIG.7A. In some implementations, the operation1910begins before the operation1800ofFIG.18. In some other implementations, the operation1910begins after the operation1800ofFIG.18. In some other implementations, the operation1910may be performed concurrently with one or more of the processes performed in the operation ofFIG.18. For example, in block1912, the BS transmits a measurement request to one or more UEs. At block1914, the BS receives, from the at least one UE, estimated channel conditions of one or more channels of the WLAN. At block1916, the BS configures the one or more parameters based at least in part on the estimated channel conditions of the WLAN.

In some implementations, the BS may transmit a Wi-Fi measurement request that instructs the one or more UEs to determine or estimate channel conditions of one or more identified wireless networks. The UE may use any suitable mechanism to determine or obtain the requested channel conditions, and may transmit the determined channel conditions to the BS in a measurement report. The estimated channel conditions received from one or more UEs may be used to group the plurality of hopping channels into different groups.

FIG.20shows a flowchart depicting an example operation2000for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2000may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. At block2002, the UE receives a DRS indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels. At block2004, the UE receives one or more parameters indicating a grouping of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels. At block2006, the UE frequency hops across the hopping channels of the respective group. At block2008, the UE receives a CSI-RS on each of the hopping channels of the respective group. At block2010, the UE determines channel state information (CSI) of each of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the CSI-RS received on the hopping channel. At block2012, the UE determines a group CSI for the respective group based at least in part on the determined CSIs. At block2014, the UE transmits the group CSI for one or more groups of the hopping channels to the BS.

The one or more parameters may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some instances, the one or more parameters may be included in the DRS. In some other instances, the one or more parameters may be received in an RRC configuration.

In some implementations, the group CSI may be a moving average of the CSIs determined for a last number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group, and the moving average may be transmitted to the BS on each hopping channel of the last number N of the hopping channels of the respective group. In some other implementations, the group CSI may be an average of the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the respective group, and the average CSI may be transmitted to the BS on each hopping channel of the respective group. In some instances, the group CSI may be transmitted on the PUCCH while the UE is on a particular hopping channel. In some other instances, the CSI may be transmitted on the PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS.

FIG.21Ashows a flowchart depicting an example operation2100for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2100may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. In some implementations, the operation2100may be performed concurrently with the UE receiving the CSI-RS in block2008ofFIG.20. For example, at block2102, the UE receives DL data on the first hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.

FIG.21Bshows a flowchart depicting an example operation2110for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2110may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7B. In some implementations, the operation2110begins after the UE receives the CSI-RS in block2008ofFIG.20. For example, at block2112, the UE receives a CSI trigger on a last hopping channel of each group of hopping channels. At block2114, the UE transmits the group CSIs on the last hopping channels of respective groups of hopping channels based on the CSI triggers.

FIG.22shows a flowchart depicting an example operation2200for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2200may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. At block2202, the UE receives a DRS indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels. At block2204, the UE receives one or more parameters indicating a grouping of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels. At block2206, the UE receives a CSI-RS on the hopping channel. At block2208, the UE estimates wideband channel state information (CSI) of the hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS. At block2210, the UE combines the estimated wideband CSIs to form a group wideband CSI for the respective group of hopping channels. At block2212, the UE transmits an indication of the group wideband CSI to the BS.

The one or more parameters may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the one or more parameters may be included in the DRS. In some other implementations, the one or more parameters may be received in an RRC configuration. The estimated wideband CSI may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels, and the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on CSI resources of the PUCCH. In some implementations, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels. In some other implementations, the indication of the group wideband CSI may be transmitted on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.

In some implementations, the hopping channels of at least one group of hopping channels may be adjacent narrowband channels that at least partially overlap a channel of a wireless network (such as a WLAN). In some other implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network (such as a WLAN). In some other implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a Wi-Fi channel in one or more UNIT radio bands.

FIG.23Ashows a flowchart depicting an example operation2300for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2300may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. In some implementations, the operation2300may be performed concurrently with the UE transmitting the indication of the group wideband CSI in block2212ofFIG.22. For example, at block2302, the UE transmits UL data on the last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels concurrently with transmitting the indication of the group wideband CSI on the last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.

FIG.23Bshows a flowchart depicting an example operation2310for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2310may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. In some implementations, the operation2310may be performed concurrently with the UE receiving the CSI-RS in block2206ofFIG.22. For example, at block2312, the UE receives DL data on a respective hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the respective hopping channel.

FIG.24shows a flowchart depicting an example operation2400for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2400may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. At block2402, the UE receives a DRS indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels. At block2404, the UE receives one or more parameters indicating a grouping of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels. At block2406, the UE frequency hops across the hopping channels of the respective group. At block2408, the UE receives a CSI-RS on each hopping channel of the respective group. At block2410, the UE estimates wideband channel state information (CSI) of each hopping channel of a number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the received CSI-RS, where N is an integer greater than zero. At block2412, the UE transmits the estimated wideband CSIs to the BS.

The one or more parameters may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the one or more parameters may be included in the DRS. In some other implementations, the one or more parameters may be received in an RRC configuration.

The estimated wideband CSI of any one or more hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the estimated wideband CSIs may be transmitted to the BS on the Nthhopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels. In some other implementations, each of a number N of the estimated wideband CSIs may be separately transmitted on a corresponding hopping channel of the first number N of hopping channels of the respective group.

In some implementations, the hopping channels of at least one group of hopping channels may be adjacent narrowband channels that at least partially overlap a channel of a wireless network (such as a WLAN). In some other implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network (such as a WLAN). In some other implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a Wi-Fi channel in one or more UNIT radio bands.

FIG.25shows a flowchart depicting an example operation2500for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2500may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. In some implementations, the operation2500may be performed concurrently with the UE transmitting the estimated wideband CSIs in block2412ofFIG.24. For example, at block2502, the UE transmits UL data on the Nthhopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels concurrently with transmitting the estimated wideband CSIs on the Nth hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.

FIG.26shows a flowchart depicting an example operation2600for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2600may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. At block2602, the UE receives a DRS indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels. At block2604, the UE receives one or more parameters indicating a grouping of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels. At block2606, the UE receives a selection of the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels for which channel state information (CSI) is requested. At block2608, the UE frequency hops across the hopping channels of the respective group. At block2610, the UE receives a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on each hopping channel of the respective group. At block2612, the UE estimates wideband CSI of each hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group based on the received CSI-RSs. At block2614, the UE transmits the estimated wideband CSIs to the BS.

The one or more parameters may indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the one or more parameters may be included in the DRS. In some other implementations, the one or more parameters may be received in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.

The estimated wideband CSI of any one or more of the selected hopping channels of the respective group may indicate channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels. In some implementations, the estimated wideband CSIs may be transmitted to the BS on a last hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group. The estimated wideband CSIs may be transmitted on the PUCCH while the UE is on the first hopping channel, and may be transmitted on the PUSCH when the UE has buffered UL data for transmission to the BS. In some implementations, the UE may transmit the estimated wideband CSIs on the PUSCH concurrently with transmitting UL data on the PUSCH.

In some implementations, the hopping channels of at least one group of hopping channels may be adjacent narrowband channels that at least partially overlap a channel of a wireless network (such as a WLAN). In some other implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network (such as a WLAN). In some other implementations, the BWP hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels may collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a Wi-Fi channel in one or more UNIT radio bands.

FIG.27shows a flowchart depicting an example operation2700for wireless communication that supports frequency hopping between a BS and a UE. The operation2700may be performed by an apparatus of a wireless communication device such as the UE104ofFIG.1, the UE350ofFIG.3, or the UE704ofFIG.7C. In some implementations, the operation2700may be performed concurrently with the UE transmitting the estimated wideband CSIs to the BS in block2614ofFIG.26. For example, at block2702, the UE transmits UL data on the last hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group concurrently with transmitting the estimated wideband CSIs on the last hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group.

Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:1. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), including:receiving, over an anchor channel, a signal indicating a frequency hopping pattern;receiving an indication of a grouping of a plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups of hopping channels;receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern;determining channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS; andtransmitting the CSI of the first hopping channel to a base station.2. The method of clause 1, where the signal includes a discovery reference signal (DRS).3. The method of clause 2, where the DRS is transmitted on an anchor channel, and the method further includes:determining a level of interference on the anchor channel based at least in part on the DRS; andtransmitting the determined level of interference to the base station.4. The method of any of clauses 1-3, where the grouping indication is received in at least one of a discovery reference signal (DRS) or a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.5. The method of any of clauses 1-4, where the grouping indication indicates at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, or a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.6. The method of any of clauses 1-5, where the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels include adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of at least one channel of a wireless network.7. The method of clause 6, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels span a primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.8. The method of any of clauses 1-7, where the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups is based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN).9. The method of any of clauses 1-8, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN).10. The method of any of clauses 1-9, further including:receiving a measurement request from the base station;identifying the one or more channels of the WLAN in response to the measurement request;estimating the channel conditions on each of the one or more identified channels of the WLAN; andtransmitting the estimated channel conditions to the base station.11. The method of any of clauses 1-10, further including, for each group of hopping channels:frequency hopping across the hopping channels of the respective group;receiving a CSI-RS on each of the hopping channels of the respective group;determining CSI of each of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the CSI-RS received on the hopping channel;determining a group CSI for the respective group based at least in part on the determined CSIs of each of the hopping channels of the respective group; andtransmitting the group CSI for the respective group of hopping channels to a base station.12. The method of clause 11, where the group CSI includes a moving average of the CSIs determined for a last number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group.13. The method of any of clauses 11-12, further including:receiving a CSI trigger on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels; andtransmitting the group CSI on the last hopping channel of the respective group based on the CSI trigger.14. The method of any of clauses 1-10, further including, for each hopping channel of a respective group of hopping channels:receiving a CSI-RS on the hopping channel;estimating a wideband CSI of the hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS, where the estimated wideband CSI indicates channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels;combining the estimated wideband CSIs to form a group wideband CSI for the respective group of hopping channels; andtransmitting an indication of the group wideband CSI to a base station.15. The method of any of clauses 1-10, further including, for each respective group of hopping channels:frequency hopping across the hopping channels of the respective group;receiving a CSI-RS on each hopping channel of the respective group;estimating a wideband CSI of each hopping channel of a number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the received CSI-RS, where N is an integer greater than zero; andtransmitting the estimated wideband CSIs of the respective group to a base station.16. The method of clause 15, where the estimated wideband CSI of any one or more hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels is indicative of channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels.17. The method of any of clauses 1-10, further including:receiving a selection of the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels for which CSI is requested; andfor each respective group of hopping channels:frequency hopping across the hopping channels of the respective group;receiving a CSI-RS on each hopping channel of the respective group;estimating wideband CSI of each of the selected hopping channels based on the received CSI-RSs; andtransmitting the estimated wideband CSIs to a base station.18. A wireless communication device, including:an interface configured to:obtain a signal indicating a frequency hopping pattern;obtain an indication of a grouping of a plurality of hopping channels of the frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups of hopping channels; andobtain a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern; anda processing system configured to:determine channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS; andthe interface is further configured to:output the CSI of the first hopping channel for transmission to a base station.19. The wireless communication device of clause 18, where the signal includes a discovery reference signal (DRS).20. The wireless communication device of any of clauses 18-19, where the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels include adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network.21. The wireless communication device of clause 20, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels span a primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.22. The wireless communication device of any of clauses 18-21, where the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels is based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN).23. The wireless communication device of any of clauses 18-22, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN).24. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a base station, including:grouping a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on a bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequency of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels;transmitting an indication of the frequency hopping pattern and an indication of the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels;transmitting a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern; andreceiving channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel, where the CSI is based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS.25. The method of clause 24, where the indications are transmitted over an anchor channel in a discovery reference signal (DRS).26. The method of any of clauses 24-25, where the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels include adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network.27. The method of any of clauses 24-26, where the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels is based at least in part on channel conditions on one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN).28. The method of any of clauses 24-27, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions of one or more wireless channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN).29. A wireless communication device including:a processing system configured to:group a plurality of hopping channels of a frequency hopping pattern into a number of groups based on a bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequency of each hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels; andan interface configured to:output an indication of the frequency hopping pattern and an indication of the grouping of the plurality of hopping channels;output a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for transmission on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern; andobtain channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel, where the CSI is based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS.30. The wireless communication device of clause 29, where the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels include adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies that collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network.31. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), including:receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels;receiving one or more parameters indicating a division of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels;receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern;determining channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS; andtransmitting the CSI of the first hopping channel to a base station.32. The method of clause 31, where the CSI is transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) while the UE is on the first hopping channel.33. The method of any of clauses 31-32, where the one or more parameters are included in the DRS.34. The method of any of clauses 31-33, where the one or more parameters are received in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.35. The method of any of clauses 31-34, where the one or more parameters indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.36. The method of any of clauses 31-35, further including:receiving downlink (DL) data on the first hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.37. The method of any of clauses 31-36, where the DRS is transmitted on an anchor channel, and the method further includes:determining a level of interference on the anchor channel based on the DRS; andtransmitting the determined level of interference to the base station.38. The method of any of clauses 31-37, where the first hopping channel includes a narrowband channel that at least partially overlaps a channel of a wireless network, and the CSI is indicative of channel conditions or interference on the channel of the wireless network.39. The method of clause 38, where the first hopping channel belongs to a first group of hopping channels having frequency bands that at least partially overlap the channel of the wireless network.40. The method of any of clauses 31-39, where the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels have adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies.41. The method of clause 40, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network.42. The method of any of clauses 40-41, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels span a primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.43. The method of clause 40, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with at least one group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a wireless channel in one or more Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNIT) radio bands.44. The method of clause 43, where the one or more UNIT radio bands includes one or more of the UNII-1 radio band, the UNII-2A radio band, the UNII-2B radio band, or the UNII-3 radio band.45. The method of clause 43, where the wireless channel includes one of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel, an 80 MHz channel, a 160 MHz channel, or a 320 MHz channel.46. The method of any of clauses 31-45, where the division of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).47. The method of any of clauses 31-46, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).48. The method of clause 47, further including:receiving a measurement request from the base station;identifying the one or more channels of the WLAN in response to the measurement request;estimating the channel conditions on each of the one or more identified channels of the WLAN; andtransmitting the estimated channel conditions to the base station.49. The method of clause 48, where identifying the one or more channels of the WLAN includes receiving at least one beacon frame from an access point (AP) associated with the WLAN.50. A user equipment (UE), including:one or more processors; anda memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 31-49.51. A user equipment (UE) including means for performing the operations of any one or more of clauses 31-49.52. A non-transitory computer-readable memory including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 31-49.53. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a base station, including:identifying a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels;grouping the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups based on a bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequency of each respective hopping channel of the plurality of hopping channels;transmitting, to at least one user equipment (UE), an indication of the frequency hopping pattern and one or more parameters indicating the division of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups;transmitting a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on a first hopping channel of the frequency hopping pattern; andreceiving channel state information (CSI) of the first hopping channel from the at least one UE, where the CSI is based at least in part on the transmitted CSI-RS.54. The method of clause 53, where the indication of the frequency hopping pattern and the one or more parameters are transmitted in a discovery reference signal (DRS).55. The method of clause 53, where the indication of the frequency hopping pattern is transmitted in a discovery reference signal (DRS), and the one or more parameters are transmitted in a radio resource control (RCC) message.56. The method of any of clauses 53-55, where the CSI is received on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).57. The method of any of clauses 53-56, where the one or more parameters include at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.58. The method of any of clauses 53-57, further including:transmitting downlink (DL) data on the first hopping channel concurrently with transmitting the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.59. The method of any of clauses 53-58, where the first hopping channel includes a narrowband channel that at least partially overlaps a primary channel of a wireless network, and the CSI is indicative of channel conditions or interference on the channel of the wireless network.60. The method of clause 59, where a first group of hopping channels includes the first hopping channel and one or more other hopping channels having narrow frequency bands that at least partially overlap the primary channel of the wireless network.61. The method of any of clauses 53-60, where the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels have adjacent bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies.62. The method of clause 61, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with each group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a corresponding channel of a wireless network.63. The method of any of clauses 61-62, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a first group of hopping channels span a primary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network, and the BWP hopping frequencies associated with a second group of hopping channels span a secondary 20 MHz channel of the wireless network.64. The method of clause 61, where the BWP hopping frequencies associated with at least one group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a wireless channel in one or more Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNIT) radio bands.65. The method of clause 64, where the one or more UNIT radio bands includes one or more of the UNII-1 radio band, the UNII-2A radio band, the UNII-2B radio band, or the UNII-3 radio band.66. The method of clause 64, where the wireless channel includes one of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel, an 80 MHz channel, a 160 MHz channel, or a 320 MHz channel.67. The method of any of clauses 53-66, where the division of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).68. The method of any of clauses 53-67, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).69. The method of any of clauses 67-68, further including:transmitting a Wi-Fi measurement request to the at least one UE;receiving, from the at least one UE, estimated channel conditions of one or more channels of the WLAN; andconfiguring the one or more parameters based at least in part on the estimated channel conditions of the WLAN.70. A base station, including:one or more processors; anda memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the base station to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 53-69.71. A base station including means for performing the operations of any one or more of clauses 53-69.72. A non-transitory computer-readable memory including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a base station, cause the base station to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 53-69.73. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), including:receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels;receiving one or more parameters indicating a division of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels; andfor each respective group of hopping channels:frequency hopping across the hopping channels of the respective group;receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on each of the hopping channels of the respective group;determining channel state information (CSI) of each of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the CSI-RS received on the hopping channel;determining a group CSI for the respective group based at least in part on the determined CSIs of each of the hopping channels of the respective group; andtransmitting the group CSI for the respective group of hopping channels to a base station.74. The method of clause 73, where the group CSI is transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).75. The method of any of clauses 73-74, where the one or more parameters are included in the DRS.76. The method of any of clauses 73-74, where the one or more parameters are received in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.77. The method of any of clauses 73-76, where the one or more parameters indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.78. The method of any of clauses 73-77, further including:receiving downlink (DL) data on the first hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the first hopping channel.79. The method of any of clauses 73-77, where the group CSI includes a moving average of the CSIs determined for a last number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group.80. The method of clause 79, where the moving average is transmitted to the base station on each hopping channel of the last number N of the hopping channels of the respective group.81. The method of any of clauses 79-80, where a value indicative of the number N is received from the base station.82. The method of any of clauses 79-81, where the group CSI is expressed as:

∑iN-1αi=1,
f is the average constraint capacity, αiis the weighting factor for the ithhopping channel of the number N of most recently visited hopping channels, and f(10·log10(SINRi)) is the constraint capacity for the ithhopping channel of the number N of most recently visited hopping channels.83. The method of any of clauses 73-82, where the group CSI includes an average of the CSIs determined for each of the hopping channels of the respective group.84. The method of clause 83, where the average CSI is transmitted to the base station on each hopping channel of the respective group.85. The method of clause 83, where the group CSI is expressed as:
α·fj(10·log10(SINR(n)))+(1−α)·fj(10·log10(SINR(n−1))),where f is the average constraint capacity, αiis the weighting factor for the ithhopping channel within the respective group of hopping channels, f(10·log10(SINRi)) is the constraint capacity for the ithhopping channel within the respective group of hopping channels, and f(SINR(i)) is the CSI estimated for the ithhopping channel.86. The method of any of clauses 73-85, where the group CSI is transmitted to the base station on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.87. The method of any of clauses 73-86, further including:receiving a CSI trigger on a last hopping channel of each group of hopping channels; andtransmitting the group CSIs on the last hopping channels of respective groups of hopping channels based on the CSI triggers.88. The method of clause 87, where the CSI trigger is received in a downlink control information (DCI) message.89. A user equipment (UE), including:one or more processors; anda memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 73-88.90. A user equipment (UE) including means for performing the operations of any one or more of clauses 73-88.91. A non-transitory computer-readable memory including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 73-88.92. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), including:receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels;receiving one or more parameters indicating a division of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels; andfor each hopping channel of a respective group of hopping channels:receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on the hopping channel; andestimating wideband channel state information (CSI) of the hopping channel based on the received CSI-RS, where the estimated wideband CSI indicates channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels;combining the estimated wideband CSIs to form a group wideband CSI for the respective group of hopping channels; andtransmitting an indication of the group wideband CSI to a base station.93. The method of clause 92, where the indication of the group wideband CSI is transmitted on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.94. The method of any of clauses 92-93, where the indication of the group wideband CSI is transmitted on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.95. The method of any of clauses 92-93, where the indication of the group wideband CSI is transmitted on CSI resources of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).96. The method of any of clauses 92-95, further including:transmitting uplink (UL) data on the last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels concurrently with transmitting the indication of the group wideband CSI on the last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.97. The method of any of clauses 92-96, further including determining a CSI difference value between the group wideband CSI of the respective group and each of the estimated CSIs of the hopping channels of the respective group, where the indication of the group wideband CSI includes one or more of the CSI difference values.98. The method of clause 97, where transmitting the indication includes transmitting the one or more CSI difference values in one or more uplink control information (UCI) messages on a last hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.99. The method of clause 97, where transmitting the indication includes transmitting the one or more CSI difference values in one or more uplink control information (UCI) messages on a hopping channel of another group of hopping channels.100. The method of any of clauses 92-99, where the one or more parameters are included in the DRS.101. The method of any of clauses 92-99, where the one or more parameters are received in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.102. The method of any of clauses 92-101, where the one or more parameters indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.103. The method of any of clauses 92-102, further including:receiving downlink (DL) data on a respective hopping channel concurrently with receiving the CSI-RS on the respective hopping channel.104. The method of any of clauses 92-103, where the hopping channels of at least one group of hopping channels include adjacent narrowband channels that at least partially overlap a channel of a wireless network.105. The method of any of clauses 92-104, where the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network.106. The method of any of clauses 92-105, where the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a Wi-Fi channel in one or more Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNIT) radio bands.107. The method of clause 106, where the one or more UNIT radio bands includes one or more of the UNII-1 radio band, the UNII-2A radio band, the UNII-2B radio band, or the UNII-3 radio band.108. The method of clause 106, where the Wi-Fi channel includes one of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel, an 80 MHz channel, a 160 MHz channel, or a 320 MHz channel.109. The method of any of clauses 92-108, where the division of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).110. The method of any of clauses 92-109, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).111. A user equipment (UE), including:one or more processors; anda memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 92-110.112. A user equipment (UE) including means for performing the operations of any one or more of clauses 92-110.113. A non-transitory computer-readable memory including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 92-110.114. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), including:receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels;receiving one or more parameters indicating a division of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels; andfor each respective group of hopping channels:frequency hopping across the hopping channels of the respective group;receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on each hopping channel of the respective group;estimating wideband channel state information (CSI) of each hopping channel of a number (N) of the hopping channels of the respective group based on the received CSI-RS, where N is an integer greater than zero; andtransmitting the estimated wideband CSIs of the respective group to a base station.115. The method of clause 114, where the estimated wideband CSI of any one or more hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels indicates channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels.116. The method of any of clauses 114-115, where the number N of hopping channels includes the first N hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels.117. The method of any of clauses 114-116, where the estimated wideband CSIs are transmitted to the base station on the Nth hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.118. The method of clause 117, further including:transmitting uplink (UL) data on the Nth hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels concurrently with transmitting the estimated wideband CSIs on the Nth hopping channel of the respective group of hopping channels.119. The method of any of clauses 114-118, where each of a number N of the estimated wideband CSIs is separately transmitted on a corresponding hopping channel of the first number N of hopping channels of the respective group.120. The method of any of clauses 114-119, where the estimated wideband CSIs are transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).121. The method of any of clauses 114-120, where a value of the number N is received from the base station.122. The method of any of clauses 114-121, where the one or more parameters are included in the DRS.123. The method of any of clauses 114-121, where the one or more parameters are received in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.124. The method of any of clauses 114-123, where the one or more parameters indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.125. The method of any of clauses 114-124, where the hopping channels of at least one group of hopping channels include adjacent narrowband channels that at least partially overlap a primary channel of a wireless network.126. The method of any of clauses 114-125, where the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network.127. The method of any of clauses 114-125, where the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a Wi-Fi channel in one or more Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNIT) radio bands.128. The method of clause 127, where the one or more UNIT radio bands includes one or more of the UNII-1 radio band, the UNII-2A radio band, the UNII-2B radio band, or the UNII-3 radio band.129. The method of clause 127, where the Wi-Fi channel includes one of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel, an 80 MHz channel, a 160 MHz channel, or a 320 MHz channel.130. The method of any of clauses 114-129, where the division of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).131. The method of any of clauses 114-130, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).132. A user equipment (UE), including:one or more processors; anda memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 114-131.133. A user equipment (UE) including means for performing the operations of any one or more of clauses 114-131.134. A non-transitory computer-readable memory including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 114-131.135. A method for wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE), including:receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) indicating a frequency hopping pattern including a plurality of hopping channels;receiving one or more parameters indicating a division of the plurality of hopping channels into a number of groups of hopping channels;receiving a selection of the hopping channels within each group of hopping channels for which channel state information (CSI) is requested; andfor each respective group of hopping channels:frequency hopping across the hopping channels of the respective group;receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) on each hopping channel of the respective group;estimating wideband CSI of each hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group based on the received CSI-RSs; andtransmitting the estimated wideband CSIs to a base station.136. The method of clause 135, where the estimated wideband CSI of any one or more of the selected hopping channels of the respective group indicates channel conditions of a wideband channel corresponding to the respective group of hopping channels.137. The method of any of clauses 135-136, where the estimated wideband CSIs are transmitted to the base station on a last hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group.138. The method of clause 137, further including:transmitting uplink (UL) data on the last hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group concurrently with transmitting the estimated wideband CSIs on the last hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group.139. The method of clause 135, where each of the estimated wideband CSIs is separately transmitted on a corresponding hopping channel of the selected hopping channels of the respective group.140. The method of clause 135, where the estimated wideband CSIs are transmitted on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).141. The method of any of clauses 135-140, where the selection of the hopping channels includes a bitmap received in a radio resource control (RRC) message.142. The method of any of clauses 135-141, where the one or more parameters are included in the DRS.143. The method of any of clauses 135-141, where the one or more parameters are received in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration.144. The method of any of clauses 135-143, where the one or more parameters indicate at least one of the number of groups of hopping channels, a starting frequency of each group of hopping channels, and a frequency range of each group of hopping channels.145. The method of clause 135, where the hopping channels of at least one group of hopping channels include adjacent narrowband channels that at least partially overlap a primary channel of a wireless network.146. The method of any of clauses 135-145, where the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a channel of a wireless network.147. The method of any of clauses 135-146, where the bandwidth part (BWP) hopping frequencies of the hopping channels of the respective group of hopping channels collectively span a frequency bandwidth of a Wi-Fi channel in one or more Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNIT) radio bands.148. The method of clause 147, where the one or more UNIT radio bands includes one or more of the UNII-1 radio band, the UNII-2A radio band, the UNII-2B radio band, or the UNII-3 radio band.149. The method of clause 147, where the Wi-Fi channel includes one of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel, an 80 MHz channel, a 160 MHz channel, or a 320 MHz channel.150. The method of any of clauses 135-149, where the division of the plurality of hopping channels into the number of groups is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).151. The method of any of clauses 135-150, where the frequency hopping pattern is based at least in part on channel conditions of a wireless local area network (WLAN).152. A user equipment (UE), including:one or more processors; anda memory coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 135-151.153. A user equipment (UE) including means for performing the operations of any one or more of clauses 135-151.154. A non-transitory computer-readable memory including instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform the operations of any one or more of clauses 135-151.