Container for additive materials for smoking articles

A container for containing an additive material for modifying the characteristics of a smoking article. The container contains at least two components that are movable between a first position and a second position with respect to each other. In the first position the additive material is hermetically sealed inside the container during storage of the smoking article prior to use. The container is activated by moving the components of the container to the second position to provide air flow pathways through the container so that the additive material can modify the smoking article accordingly. The components may have perforations that are covered by cooperating overlapping portions of the components of the container in the first position and uncovered in the second position. Alternately, the container may include a sealed capsule containing the additive that is punctured by moving the components during activation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to the improved delivery of additive materials to 
smoking articles. More particularly, this invention relates to providing 
additive materials in sealed containers that are opened during use to 
modify the characteristics of smoking articles. 
It is known to provide a smoking article with additive materials to modify 
the characteristics of the smoking article. Additive materials typically 
modify the characteristics of the smoking article by passing gases, more 
particularly the hot, gaseous by-products of combustion, through the 
portion of the smoking article containing the additive material. 
For example, sodium and/or calcium permanganate Ca(MnO.sub.4).sub.2 or 
NaMnO.sub.4 with colloidal silica deposited onto silica gel or alumina has 
been incorporated into filter elements to reduce smoke components such as 
NO, HCN, etc., as are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,957,059 and 4,637,408 
to which the reader is referred. Menthol and other flavorants deposited on 
carbon, silica, and other activated particles in the filter section of a 
smoking article have been used to impart a flavor or taste to the smoking 
article. It also is known to provide a smoking article having a 
substantially tasteless fuel element with a flavor generator that, upon 
exposure to heat, provides an aerosol or vapors of flavorants to give the 
article its desired characteristics. 
One of the problems with adding additive materials to smoking articles is 
that the active agents of the additive materials deactivate or volatize 
with time so that they do not have the desired effect upon use. Further, 
flavorant materials may be extensively trapped by components of the 
smoking articles so that less than desired amounts are delivered to the 
smoker. For example, a significant amount of menthol is trapped on active 
carbon or in cellulose acetate fibers of a conventional cigarette. Adding 
excess additive materials to compensate for expected loss of activity or 
entrapment results in inconsistent products because of variations in 
storage time prior to use and the conditions under which the article is 
consumed. The rigorous controls over product storage conditions and shelf 
life that would be required to minimize the volatility or deactivity of 
the active agent in the additive material are not commercially practical. 
Another problem is that the active agents deactivate with the absorption of 
moisture or other volatile materials during storage or can migrate to the 
wrapper or embed in the filter or carrier of the smoking article so that 
they will not modify the smoke characteristics as desired. 
A problem with adding additive materials to filter portions of smoking 
articles is that the filter containing, for example, the carbon activated 
particles on which menthol is conventionally deposited is closer to the 
burning end of a smoking article than is desirable, thus resulting in 
inefficient or unsatisfactory use of or undesired combustion or pyrolysis 
of the additive. 
Accordingly, there is a continuing need to provide for improving the 
effective and efficient delivery of additive materials for modifying the 
characteristics of smoking articles under widely varying storage 
conditions. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of this invention to provide a sealed container for 
containing an additive material for the modification of smoking articles 
to minimize the loss or degradation in efficacy of the additive material 
prior to use of the smoking device. 
It is a further object of this invention to provide for a container that 
can be hermetically sealed for containing a smoke modifying additive 
material prior to use and unsealed to release the active agent to modify 
the smoking article characteristics being delivered to the smoker. 
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a container for an 
additive material for modifying the characteristics of the smoking article 
upon activation. Broadly, the invention concerns a container having two 
conditions, a first condition that provides a sealed chamber that 
encapsulates an additive material, and a second condition that provides an 
air flow pathway through the chamber so that the additive material can 
modify the characteristics of the smoking article in accordance with the 
properties of the additive material. The container components are moved 
relative to each other to change between the first and second positions. 
The container is configured to be located in the "smoke" stream of a 
smoking article, preferably proximate to or at the mouth end of the 
article. The container is preferably cylindrical having about the same 
outer dimensions as the smoking article, and may be wrapped by an 
overwrapper or tipping paper in a conventional manner. The precise 
location is a matter of design choice which depends, in part, upon the 
properties of additive material being used and the nature of the desired 
modification, and whether the smoking article is being consumed during the 
act of smoking as in a conventional cigarette, or provides aerosol or 
vapors as a result of a heat source and a heat activated source of 
flavorants. 
In one preferred embodiment, the invention comprises two or more components 
that interfit in overlapping relationship so that, in the first condition, 
the components form an air impervious, sealed chamber, and in the second 
condition, the components provide air flow pathways through perforations 
in the container walls and the chamber. One of the components may have 
perforations that are covered by the other component in the first 
condition and uncovered in the second condition, whereby the uncovered 
perforations provide an air flow pathway through the container of additive 
material so that the characteristics of the smoking article can be 
modified. 
In an alternate embodiment, the invention comprises an hermetically sealed 
capsule containing the additive material that is surrounded by movable 
elements which have sharp protruding elements extending toward the 
capsule. The movable elements form a container enveloping the sealed 
capsule. In the first condition, the movable elements and the sealed 
capsule are arranged with the sharp protruding elements proximate to, but 
not piercing or affecting the integrity of the sealed capsule. In the 
second condition, the movable elements are moved relative to each other so 
that the sharp protrusions pierce the capsule walls and provide an air 
flow pathway through the capsule and perforations in the movable elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
As shown in FIGS. 1-7, illustrative embodiments of the present invention 
comprise a container 100 for containing a selected additive material (not 
shown) having two conditions, a first condition that is air impervious or 
sealed and a second condition that provides for air flow pathways through 
container 100 so that the additive material can modify the characteristics 
of the smoking article in the desired manner. 
Referring to FIGS. 1-3, one embodiment of container 100 includes two 
elements 110 and 120 that interfit. Elements 110 and 120 are preferably 
cylindrical. Cylinder 110 includes a wall 111 and a cap 130. Wall 111 is 
secured concentrically to cap 130 at one end and is open at the other end 
defining a chamber for containing the additive material. The chamber is 
preferably cylindrical. Cap 130 contains a threaded wall 138 and 
perforations 133 in its surface 134 and extending into an area of cap 130 
between threaded wall 138 and the location where wall 111 is connected to 
cap 130. Wall 111 includes a plurality of perforations 115 through its 
surface close to the end secured to cap 130. Perforations 115 are spaced 
about the periphery of wall 111 and are sealable by element 120 as 
described below. 
Element 120 includes a shell 121 having a closed end 125 and an opening 126 
that fits over wall 111 of element 110. Shell 121 is preferably 
cylindrical. Closed end 125 of element 120 has a plurality of perforations 
127 that extend through end 125 and pass into .the interior of sleeve 121. 
Perforations 127 are preferably arranged about the perimeter of end 125 in 
a pattern selected to correspond to the configuration of wall 111 as 
described below. Close end 128 of element 120 has threads that screw into 
corresponding threaded wall 138 of cap 130 of element 110 to secure 
elements 110 and 120 together so that the wall 111 interfits with sleeve 
121 of element 120. 
When container 100 is in the first condition, i.e., closed to form a sealed 
chamber containing the additive material, elements 110 and 120 are screwed 
closed at cap 130 whereby the perforations 127 in end 125 of element 120 
are covered by element 110 at the open end of wall 111, perforations 133 
of cap 130 are covered by the element 120 at the open end of sleeve 121, 
and perforations 115 are covered by the wall of sleeve 121. As used 
herein, covered means closed off to form a substantially air impervious 
barrier. 
Container 100 is activated, i.e., placed in the second condition so that 
the characteristics of the smoking article may be modified, by rotating 
(unscrewing) elements 110 and 120 relative to each other. Thus, in the 
second condition, perforations 133, 115 and 127 are uncovered to permit 
air flow therethrough and through the chamber defined by walls 111 and 
elements 110 and 120. 
In an alternate embodiment (not shown), elements 110 and 120 could 
slideably and frictionally interconnect (without any threaded portions) so 
that activation would occur by pulling elements 110 and 120 apart a 
predetermined distance. Bumps and detents could be cooperatively used to 
control how far apart the elements are to be pulled to achieve the proper 
uncovering of the perforations. 
Optionally, sleeve 121 of element 120 could contain perforations 123 or 129 
extending to the interior of element 120 so that when elements 120 and 130 
are in the first condition, the perforations are covered by wall 111 of 
element 110, and when the elements are in the second condition, the 
perforations 123 or 129 are uncovered and provide additional air 
passageways into the chamber from the perimeter of element 120. This 
latter embodiment is particularly useful when container 100 is secured in 
a smoking article by a material secured about element 120 so as to define 
an air flow path through the smoking article that must pass through 
container 100, preferably from one end to the other end. Perforations 123 
or 129 would thus enhance the air flow capacity of container 100, the 
turbulence of the air flow through the chamber and the reaction of the 
gases with the additive materials. 
Referring to FIG. 4, an alternate form of the container of the present 
invention is shown. Container 400 includes two elements 410 and 420 having 
respective sleeves 411 and 421. Each of sleeves 411 and 421 are closed at 
one end and open at the other end. The sleeves are configured so that 
sleeve 421 overlaps sleeve 411 whereby sleeve 411 and the closed end 
portion of sleeve 421 define a chamber for containing an additive 
material. Element 411 includes a perforation 433 at end 430. Element 420 
includes a post 428 extending from end 425 and passing along the length of 
sleeve 411 interior to the chamber, and perforations 427 through end 425 
in a pattern that corresponds to the open end of sleeve 411. 
In this embodiment, in the first condition, sleeves 411 and 421 interfit so 
that the end of sleeve 411 covers perforations 427 in end 425 of element 
420 and the end of post 428 covers the perforation 433 in element 410. 
Activation of container 400 occurs by pulling elements 410 and 420 apart a 
distance sufficient to uncover perforations 433 and 427 to permit air flow 
therethrough and through container 400. 
Optionally, post 428 may be configured to extend partially through 
perforation 433 when container 400 is in the first condition and to have a 
plug 429 that covers perforation 433 so that when container 400 is 
activated and elements 410 and 420 are pulled apart, post 428 remains 
within perforation 433 in a manner that does not interfere substantially 
with the air flow through container 400. Post 428 also could have a 
tapered end (not shown) so that the air flow through container 400 can be 
controlled by the user of the smoking article by controlling the size of 
the gap between post 428 and perforation 433. The gap may be selected by 
selecting how far elements 410 and 420 are pulled apart. 
Referring to FIG. 5, an alternate embodiment of the container of the 
present invention is shown. Container 500 includes elements 510 and 520 
and sealed capsule 550 containing an additive material. Element 510 is 
configured as a cylindrical element having a sleeve 511 and a plurality of 
perforations 533 extending through the body of element 510 that end in 
protrusions 534 at the end proximate to sleeve 511. Element 520 includes a 
sleeve 521 and a plurality of perforations 527 extending through the body 
of element 520 that terminate in protrusions 524 proximate to sleeve 521. 
Sleeves 511 and 521 are configured to interfit so that sleeve 521 overlaps 
sleeve 511. Protrusions 534 and 524 are sharp elements projecting from the 
edges of the perforations that are capable of penetrating and passing 
through the walls of capsule 550 presented to the protrusions. 
Capsule 550 is hermetically sealed with the additive material inside and 
preferably has cylindrical side walls 551 and relatively thin flat end 
walls 552. Capsule 550 is placed inside sleeve 511 and may be temporarily 
secured to sleeve 511 so that the integrity of the seal is not 
accidentally compromised during shipping or storage of the smoking 
articles. In the first condition, container 500 is assembled so that 
capsule 550 is at least partially interior to sleeve 511 which is in turn 
at least partially interior to sleeve 520 so that capsule 550 is enveloped 
by both sleeves and remains hermetically sealed. 
To activate container 500, elements 510 and 520 are urged towards each 
other, either by sliding the sleeves or rotating the elements if the 
sleeves are provided with cooperating threaded surfaces, so that 
protrusions 534 and 527 penetrate and puncture walls 552 of capsule 550, 
thereby providing air flow pathways through perforations 533, capsule 550, 
perforations 527 and container 500. 
Referring to FIGS. 6, 6A, and 7, an alternate embodiment of the container 
of the present invention is shown. Container 600 includes elements 610, 
620, and 630. Elements 610 and 620 are preferably cylindrical and 
configured to interfit. Element 620 is open at one end and threaded at the 
opposite end to receive element 630. Element 620 also has an axially 
grooved inner surface 623 that fits into a corresponding axially grooved 
outer surface 613 of element 610, a lip 622 at the open end, and 
perforations 627 extending through lip 622 substantially parallel to the 
longitudinal axis of element 620, but extending all the way therethrough. 
The arrangement of perforations 627 is selected to be in phase with the 
axial grooved surface 613 of element 610 to block an air flow pathway 
through perforation 627 and the axial grooves, as described below, when in 
the closed position. 
Element 610 is open at one end and closed at the other end by surface 616, 
and contains perforations 615 and 617 in the periphery at the open and 
closed ends respectively. Perforations 617 are located in the valleys of 
the grooved surface at the closed end and perforations 615 are located on 
a smooth surface 619 at the open end, in front of grooved surface 613, 
which surface 619 circumscribes a smaller dimension than grooved surface 
613 and is configured to fit inside lip 622 of element 620. Alternately, 
the open end of element 610 could be closed. 
Element 630 forms a cap that covers the open end of element 620 by means of 
threaded member 631 which interfits with the threaded walls of lip 622. 
Element 630 includes perforations 633 extending through element 630 that 
are in phase with perforations 627 of element 620. 
In the first condition, perforations 615 are covered by the interior wall 
of lip 622 and perforations 617 are covered by the corresponding grooved 
surface 623 of element 620. When container 600 is activated by rotating 
(or sliding) element 630, element 610 is axially pushed away from element 
620 as element 630 is moved closer to element 620 so that the covered 
perforations are opened to allow air pathways through the inside of 
element 610. Perforations 615 become in open communication with 
perforations 627 and 633 through the perforated walls of element 630 and 
lip 622 of element 620 axially grooved surface, and perforations 617 
become in open communication with the atmosphere once the perforations are 
moved beyond the length of the covering portions of the opposing grooved 
surfaces of element 620. 
In an alternate embodiment, element 630 may be secured to element 610. In 
another embodiment, element 630 may be slideably engaged with element 620 
so that activation of container 600 occurs by sliding element 620 
longitudinally, relative to element 630 (and element 610) or vice versa 
whereby sliding element 630 longitudinally relative to element 620 will 
slide element 610 relative to element 620. 
In yet another embodiment, referring to FIG. 6B, container 1600 includes 
two interfitting elements 1610 and 1620 that form a chamber. Element 1620 
has a closed end, an open end and an interior cavity. Perforations 1623 
extend through the closed end to the interior cavity of element 1620. The 
closed end has a receptacle interior to element 1620 to receive a portion 
of element 1610 as described below. 
Element 1610 is configured to interfit closely interior to and in sliding 
relationship with element 1620. Element 1610 has a closed end, a second 
end and an interior cavity. The closed end of element 1610 is disposed to 
be proximate to the open end of element 1620. The second end is configured 
to interfit with and be covered by the receptacle of element 1620. 
Preferably, the second end is a length of the cylindrical body of element 
1610 that has a smaller diameter than the rest of element 1610. Elements 
1620 and 1610 may have the cooperating axial grooves as described in 
connection with FIG. 7. 
Element 1610 has perforations 1615 extending to the interior at the second 
end and perforations 1617 extending to the interior at the closed end. 
When container 1600 is sealed, perforations 1615 are covered by the 
receptacle of element 1620 and perforations 1617 are covered by the body 
of element 1620. In the activated condition, elements 1610 and 1620 are 
moved apart so that perforations 1615 and 1617 are uncovered and there is 
air flow through perforations 1623, 1615, and 1617 through the chamber. 
Containers of the present invention may be used in any smoking article 
where it is desirable to modify the characteristics by use of an additive 
material. The perforations are sufficient to provide adequate air flow 
through the container to modify the characteristics. Preferably, there is 
substantially no pressure drop across the container when the container is 
activated. In some cases, however, depending on the amount of space, fill, 
shape and size of the carrier granules, some pressure drop may be 
appropriate, for example, less than about one inch of pressure drop. 
Typical dimensions for a container are a length of from about 5 to about 
25 mm and a circumference of from about 16 to about 28 mm. Configurations 
other than cylindrical containers could be used depending upon the type 
and physical dimensions of the smoking articles in which the container is 
placed. 
Referring to FIG. 8, the container may include more than one sealed 
chamber, for example, two chambers arranged in series. This configuration 
permits incorporating incompatible materials, such as the smoke modifier 
materials referred to in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,637,408 or 3,957,059 and a 
flavor composition such as menthol, in the same article. In this 
embodiment, container 800 includes chambers 850 and 870 separated by plug 
880 having integral tube 885 extending therethrough. Tube 885 is closed at 
its ends and includes a first plurality of perforations 883 at one end 
proximate to chamber 850 and a second plurality of perforations 887 at the 
other end proximate to chamber 870. An air flow pathway exists through 
perforations 883 and 887 interior to tube 885. 
Tube 885 is double threaded to interfit with threaded aperture 855 in 
chamber 850 and threaded aperture 875 in chamber 870 respectively, so that 
rotating plug 880 and tube 885 relative to chambers 850 and 870 causes 
chambers 850 and 870 to rotate about the threads of tube 885 to move 
towards each other. In this manner perforations 883 pass into chamber 850 
and perforations 887 pass into chamber 870, thereby placing the chambers 
in open communication, i.e., in an activated condition. Chamber 850 
interfits with fixed element 820 having perforations 827 and chamber 870 
interfits with fixed element 890 having perforations 897, thereby 
providing an air passageway through chambers 850 and 870 when container 
800 is activated. An alternate embodiment (not shown) could include a 
plurality of chambers arranged in parallel. 
Appropriate smoking articles into which the present invention may be 
incorporated include conventional tobacco containing smoking articles, 
articles that deliver uncombusted air, or uncombusted aerosol or 
substantially tasteless gases to the smoker and such other smoking 
articles, for example, as are described in European Patent Applications 
Nos. 0 277 355, 0 212 234, and 0 254 848, U.S. Pat. No. 4,714,082, U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,284,089, commercial products sold under the trade name Premier 
by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston-Salem, N.C., and commonly assigned 
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,830,478 and co-pending application Ser. No. 07/222,831. 
Any appropriate additive material or combination of materials could be 
contained inside the container of the present invention to modify the 
characteristics of the smoking article, particularly additive materials 
having active agents that deactivate over time or in moist or humid 
storage condition, or that evaporate or volatize or migrate during 
prolonged storage conditions. Such materials include, but are not limited 
to, sodium permanganate, calcium permanganate, menthol, anethol, tobacco 
acids such as .beta.-methyl valeric acid, tobacco volatile bases such as 
pyrazines, and the like. The amount of additive materials to be added 
depends upon the desired flavor and tar delivery characteristics of the 
article. For example, for a full flavor product having about 15-17 mg FTC 
tar delivery, up to 5 mg of menthol may be added. 
Advantageously, the present invention provides for improved placement of 
the additive material relative to the other components of the smoking 
article so that more effective and efficient use of the additive material 
can be obtained. For example, flavorant materials may be placed downstream 
of the filter materials, as far as possible from the burning portions of 
the articles thereby to minimize any thermal degradation of the flavorant 
and to maximize consumption of the flavorant. 
The present invention also provides for controlled and sustained flavor 
delivery when the article is smoked, whether fresh or after storage, by 
substantially eliminating migration of flavorants to packaging materials 
or out of the package prior to use, preventing oxidation or deactivation 
of flavorants by reacting with certain other materials in the smoking 
article, minimizing any entrapment of flavorants, and preventing 
deactivation of various smoke modifiers by organic vapors that themselves 
deactivate the smoke modifiers, e.g., NaMnO.sub.4, thus making the 
additive ineffective for reducing NO in the smoke and the oxidized organic 
vapors (e.g., flavors) producing an off flavor, rather than the desired 
effects. 
One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be 
practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for 
purposes of illustration and not of limitation and the present invention 
is limited only by the claims which follow.