High speed nozzle for toner filling systems

An apparatus for assisting in filling a container from a hopper containing a supply of powder is provided. The apparatus includes a conduit operably connected to the hopper and extending downwardly therefrom. The conduit is adapted to permit a flow of powder therewithin. The apparatus also includes a nozzle operably connected to the conduit and extending downwardly therefrom. The nozzle defines an inlet thereof for receiving powder from the conduit and defines an outlet thereof for dispensing powder from the nozzle to the container. The inlet defines an inlet cross sectional area perpendicular to the flow the powder and an outlet defining an outlet cross sectional area perpendicular to the flow the powder. The inlet cross sectional area is larger than the outlet cross sectional area. The apparatus further includes an conveyor located at least partially within the conduit. The conveyor assists in providing the flow of powder from the container. The dimensions of the nozzle are selected so as to provide a ratio of the inlet cross sectional area to the outlet cross sectional area such that the flow of powder does not seize as it progresses through the nozzle.

This invention relates generally to filling a container with material, and 
more particularly concerns a fill nozzle for controlling the flow of 
powders such as toner from a fill tube to a toner container. 
Currently when filling powders, for example toners into toner containers, 
toner is transported from the toner supply hopper into the container by a 
rotating auger. The auger is a spiral shaped mechanical part which pushes 
particles of toner inside a fill tube by direct mechanical contact. The 
nature of this mechanical contact process creates substantial limitations 
on accuracy and productivity of the toner filling operation. The speed of 
the toner movement in the fill tube is proportional to the speed of 
rotation of the auger and is limited by heat release due to auger/toner 
friction. High auger speed will cause the toner to melt, particularly for 
low melt toner such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,227,460 to Mahabadi et 
al. the relevant portions thereof incorporated herein by reference. 
To provide for productive efficient toner containers, typically, the 
rotating augers used to transport the toner from hoppers are relatively 
large. The large augers provide for high volume toner flow and thus 
improve productivity in a fill line. When utilizing such fill lines for 
small, low cost copiers and printers, difficulties occur in that the 
openings in the toner containers utilizing such small copiers and printers 
include a small toner fill opening that may have an irregular shape and 
have a fill opening that is not centrally located in the container. 
Problems are thus associated with fitting the large filling tubes and 
augers with the small toner fill openings. 
Problems with filling containers with toner are exacerbated in that the 
small low cost copies are produced in higher quantities necessitating very 
efficient toner filling operations. 
Problems with efficient toner filling are also apparent in small and medium 
cost multi-colored highlight or full color printers and copiers. The toner 
containers for color toner typically are smaller than those for black 
toner and also more typically have an irregular shape. Further, color 
toners have been developed with smaller particle size of for example 7 
microns or less. These smaller toners are more difficult to flow through 
toner hoppers and are more difficult to be translated along augers. 
Toner containers for small low cost printers and copiers typically have a 
small opening into which the toner is to be added. Furthermore, the toner 
containers often have irregular shapes to conform to the allotted space 
within the copying machine. Therefore it becomes difficult to fill the 
toner container because of the small tube required to fit into the small 
toner container opening and secondly for all the toner within the 
container to completely fill the remote portions of the container before 
the container overflows. 
The problems associated with controlling the filling of toner containers 
are due primarily to the properties of the toner. Toner is the 
image-forming material in a developer which when deposited by the field of 
an electrostatic charge becomes the visible record. There are two 
different types of developing systems known as one-component and 
two-component systems. 
In one-component developing systems, the developer material is toner made 
of particles of magnetic material, usually iron, embedded in a black 
plastic resin. The iron enables the toner to be magnetically charged. In 
two-component systems, the developer material is comprised of toner which 
consists of small polymer or resin particles and a color agent, and 
carrier which consists of roughly spherical particles or beads usually 
made of steel. An electrostatic charge between the toner and the carrier 
bead causes the toner to cling to the carrier in the development process. 
Control of the flow of these small, abrasive and easily charged particles 
is very difficult. 
The one-component and two-component systems utilize toner that is very 
difficult to flow. This is particularly true of the toner used in two 
component systems, but also for toner for single component systems. The 
toner tends to cake and bridge within the hopper. This limits the flow of 
toner through the small tubes which are required for addition of the toner 
through the opening of the toner container. Also, this tendency to cake 
and bridge may cause air gaps to form in the container resulting in 
partial filling of the container. 
Attempts to improve the flow of toner have also included the use of an 
external vibrating device to loosen the toner within the hopper. These 
vibrators are energy intensive, costly and not entirely effective and 
consistent. Furthermore, they tend to cause the toner to cloud causing 
dirt to accumulate around the filling operation. 
Also, difficulties have occurred in quickly starting and stopping the flow 
of toner from the hopper when filling the container with toner in a high 
speed production filling operation. An electromagnetic toner valve has 
been developed as described in U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 
08/540,993 and 08/690,412, assigned to the same assignee as this 
application, the relevant portions incorporated herein by reference. The 
electromagnetic valve is limited for use with magnetizable toner such as 
that described for use with one component development systems. 
Attempts have been made to fill toner containers having small toner fill 
openings by utilizing adapters positioned on the end of the toner filling 
auger which has an inlet corresponding to the size of the auger and an 
outlet corresponding to the opening in the toner container. Clogging of 
the toner, particularly when attempting to increase toner flow rates and 
when utilizing toners with smaller particle size, for example, color 
toners having a particle size of 7 microns or less, has been found to be a 
perplexing problem. The adapters that are fitted to the augers, thus, tend 
to clog with toner. The flow rates through such adapters is unacceptably 
low. 
Further, the use of these adapters may create problems with maintaining a 
clean atmosphere free of toner dust at the filling operation. 
The following disclosures may be relevant to various aspects of the present 
invention: 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,794 
Patentee: Nishiyama et al. 
Issue Date: Aug. 16, 1994 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,396 
Patentee: Mawdesley 
Issue Date: Aug. 1, 1995 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,338 
Patentee: Hayes, Jr. et al. 
Issue Date: Mar. 10, 1992 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,977,428 
Patentee: Sakakura et al. 
Issue Date: Dec. 11, 1990 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,355 
Patentee: Neufeld 
Issue Date: Jun. 12, 1990 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,312 
Patentee: Vineski 
Issue Date: Mar. 17, 1987 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,561,759 
Patentee: Knott 
Issue Date: Dec. 31, 1985 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,253 
Patentee: Nishiyama et al. 
Issue Date: Jul. 2, 1996 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,485 
Patentee: Wegman et al 
Issue Date: Nov. 24, 1998 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,348 
Patentee: Wegman et al 
Issue Date: Nov. 11, 1997 
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/829,925 
Applicant: Wegman et al 
Filing Date: Apr. 1, 1997 
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/823,034 
Applicant: Wegman et al 
Filing Date: Apr. 1, 1997 
The relevant portions of the foregoing disclosures may be briefly 
summarized as follows: 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,794 describes a powder filling apparatus and a method 
for filling a container with powder. The toner container is filled by 
conveying toner from a supply hopper through a nozzle with a valve on the 
end. The valve is disposed at the bottom opening of the nozzle to release 
and close the opening of the nozzle by the vertical movement of the valve 
element. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,396 is drawn to a toner anti-dribble device which is 
attached to a toner container having a vertical fill tube and a rotatable 
auger for feeding toner into a toner container. The toner anti-dribble 
device also has a sleeve member engageable with the fill tube. A plurality 
of flexible insertion wires are inserted through the sleeve member into 
the toner container and disposed substantially perpendicular to the 
insertion direction of the toner. The arrangement of the wires positively 
prevents toner dribble between fills while being flexible enough to flex 
in proportion to the fill rate, which prevents fusing of the toner on the 
wires. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,338 teaches a developer which discharges used carrier 
particles using a magnetic valve. Discharge of developer material from the 
developer housing is controlled by a permanent magnet and an electromagnet 
positioned adjacent an exit port in the developer housing. The permanent 
magnet generates a magnetic flux field in the region of the exit port to 
form a developer material curtain which prevents the passage of developer 
material from the exit port. When the electromagnet is energized, it 
generates a magnetic flux field which attracts developer material from the 
developer material curtain. Upon de-energization of the electromagnet, the 
developer material attracted to it is discharged. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,977,428 discloses an electrographic printer having a pulse 
motor for driving a conveyor. The conveyor is built into the developer 
unit. The conveyor is controlled during the initialization process of the 
apparatus by setting the rotational speed of the motor at a lower level 
upon startup of the motor. The lower speed results in higher torque to 
overcome solidification of the toner. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,355 discloses a method for removing a developer mix 
from a developing station with a magnetic closing device which is in the 
vicinity of a discharge opening in the developing station. In its 
energized condition, the magnetic closing device creates a magnetic field 
which acts on the developer mix to form a plug of developer mix in the 
region of the discharge opening. In the de-energized condition, the 
magnetic closing device releases the plug of developer mix. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,312 discloses a structure for minimizing bridging or 
packing of toner in the flights of an auger of a toner removal and 
collection system. The toner anti-bridging structure includes a pendulum 
which is caused to periodically bang in to the auger to create vibrations 
in the auger structure. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,561,759 discloses a device for filling and filtering toner 
from a supply container. A filter basket is disposed in the region of the 
filling opening which is closed from the feed container by a filter mesh 
and an electric vibrator connected thereto by a linkage which can be 
automatically triggered at the beginning of a filling operation. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,253 discloses a cleaner for cleaning the nozzle portion 
of a powder filling apparatus by equally evacuating the inside and the 
outside of the container and dropping powder through the nozzle portion 
into the container simultaneously with the raising the pressure outside 
the container. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,435 filed Oct. 12, 1995, entitled "Electromagnetic 
Valve and Demagnetizing Circuit", by Wegman et al., which is assigned to 
the same assignee as this application, teaches a method and apparatus for 
filling a container with a magnetic material using an electromagnetic 
valve and a demagnetizing circuit to control the flow and properties of 
the material. In the filling process an auger located inside of the fill 
tube rotates and moves the material through the fill tube. When the 
container is filled, the auger stops rotating and the electromagnetic 
valve is actuated. The electromagnetic valve supplies a magnetic field 
which holds the material in place, plugging the fill tube with the 
material as the container is removed and a new container is placed to be 
filled. When the electromagnetic valve is switched off, a demagnetizing 
circuit is activated. After the material is demagnetized the auger is 
switched on and the material flows again to fill the container. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,348, which is assigned to the same assignee as this 
application, teaches a method and apparatus for filling a container with 
toner using a series of traveling magnetic fields to control the flow of 
toner from a supply of toner to the container. Initially, an empty 
container is placed under a fill tube through which the toner will be 
supplied to the container. In the filling process the traveling magnetic 
fields, which are supplied by turning on and off a series of solenoids, 
and gravity cause toner from the toner supply to move through the fill 
tube. When a solenoid is turned on toner particles are attracted to its 
magnetic field where a plug of toner is formed. The solenoids are 
controlled so that a discrete amount of toner is supplied in each on/off 
cycle of the solenoids. The solenoid on/off cycle is repeated until the 
container is filled with toner. When the container is filled, the 
appropriate solenoid is activated so that a plug of toner stops the flow 
of toner in the fill tube. The filled container is removed from the fill 
tube and an empty container is put in its place so that the solenoid 
on/off cycle may begin again. 
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/829,925 filed Apr. 1, 1997, entitled 
"Oscillating Valve for Powders", Wegman et al., which is assigned to the 
same assignee as this application, teaches a method for filling a powder 
container. The method includes the steps of placing a first powder 
container to be filled in filling relationship to a discharge feature in 
the vessel, directing the powder in the vessel toward a member located at 
least partially within the vessel, the member defining a restriction 
therein such that the powder clogs within the restriction, mechanically 
exciting the powder at least adjacent the restriction to improve the flow 
properties of the powder so as to unclog the powder within the 
restriction, dispensing powder through the restriction, through the 
discharge feature and into the first container, stopping the mechanical 
excitation of the powder so as to clog the restriction with the powder, 
removing the first container from the vessel, and placing a second 
container to be filled in filling relationship to the vessel. 
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/823,034 filed Apr. 1, 1997, entitled 
"Vibratory Filler for Powders", Wegman et al., which is assigned to the 
same assignee as this application, teaches a method for filling a powder 
container. The method includes the steps of placing a first powder 
container to be filled in filling relationship to a supply of powder in a 
vessel, mechanically exciting the powder in the vessel to improve its flow 
properties, dispensing powder from the vessel into the first container, 
removing the first container from the vessel, and placing a second 
container to be filled in filling relationship to the vessel. 
All of the above references are hereby incorporated by reference. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided 
an apparatus for assisting in filling a container from a hopper containing 
a supply of powder. The apparatus includes a conduit operably connected to 
the hopper and extending downwardly therefrom. The conduit is adapted to 
permit a flow of powder therewithin. The apparatus also includes a nozzle 
operably connected to the conduit and extending downwardly therefrom. The 
nozzle defines an inlet thereof for receiving powder from the conduit and 
defines an outlet thereof for dispensing powder from the nozzle to the 
container. The inlet defines an inlet cross sectional area perpendicular 
to the flow the powder and the outlet defines an outlet cross sectional 
area perpendicular to the flow the powder. The inlet cross sectional area 
is larger than the outlet cross sectional area. The apparatus further 
includes a conveyor located at least partially within the conduit. The 
conveyor assists in providing the flow of powder from the conduit. The 
dimensions of the nozzle are selected so as to provide a ratio of the 
inlet cross sectional area to the outlet cross sectional area such that 
the flow of powder does not seize as it progresses through the nozzle. 
Pursuant to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
method for filling a powder container. The method includes the steps of 
placing a first powder container to be filled in filling relationship to a 
conduit extending downwardly from the hopper, directing the powder in the 
hopper toward a nozzle located at least partially within the hopper, the 
nozzle defining a restriction therein, defining an inlet cross sectional 
area perpendicular to the flow the powder and outlet defining an outlet 
cross sectional area perpendicular to the flow the powder, selecting the 
inlet cross sectional area to be larger than the outlet cross sectional 
area, selecting the dimensions of said nozzle so as to provide a ratio of 
the inlet cross sectional area to the outlet cross sectional area such 
that the flow of powder does not seize as it progresses through the 
nozzle, dispensing powder through the conduit, through the nozzle feature 
and into the first container, removing the first container from the hopper 
and placing a second container to be filled in filling relationship to the 
hopper.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
While the present invention will be described in connection with a 
preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that it is not 
intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is 
intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may 
be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the 
appended claims. 
According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 2, powder 
filling assisting apparatus 10 is shown. The powder filling assisting 
apparatus 10 is used to convey powder 12 in the form of toner for use in a 
copier or printer from a hopper 14 to a container 16. The powder filling 
apparatus 10 is mounted to production filling line 20 preferably to permit 
for the filling of large production quantities of containers 16, the 
container 16 is preferably mounted to a carrying device 22. The device 22 
is movable in the direction of either arrow 24 or 26. The carrying device 
22 serves to position container centerline 30 in alignment with apparatus 
centerline 32. 
The powder filling assisting apparatus 10 includes a nozzle 34 which is 
used to direct the powder 12 into the container 16. The nozzle 34 is 
connected to the hopper 14 by means of a conduit 36 preferably in the form 
of a hollow tube or funnel. 
As shown in FIG. 2, the hopper 14 is positioned above the container 16 
whereby gravity will assist in the flow of powder 12 toward the container 
16. To optimize the flow of powder 12 toward the container 16, the powder 
filling apparatus 10 further includes a conveyor 40 positioned at least 
partially within the conduit 36 for assisting in the flow of the powder 
12. The conveyor 40 is preferably in the form of a spiral conveyor or 
auger. For example, the auger 40 may be in the form of a spiral shaped 
auger. 
Preferably, the nozzle 34 is insertable into opening 42 of the container 
16. The insertion of the nozzle 34 in the opening 42 may be accomplished 
in any suitable method. For example, the carrying device 22 and, 
consequently, the container 16 may be movable upward in the direction of 
arrow 44 for engagement with the nozzle 34 and downward in the direction 
of arrow 46 for disengagement from the opening 42. The upward and downward 
motion of the device 22 and the container 16 permits the container 16 to 
be indexed in the direction of arrows 24 and 26. 
To permit the filling of a number of containers 16, the flow of powder 12 
from the hopper 14 must be halted during the indexing of a filled 
container 16 from the fill position and during the indexing of the 
unfilled container 16 toward the filling position. As shown in FIG. 2, the 
flow of powder 12 may be halted by the stopping of auger 40 within the 
conduit 36. The auger 40 may be rotated by any suitable method, i.e. by 
motor 50 operably connected to the auger 40. The motor 50 is connected to 
a controller 52 which sends a signal to the motor 50 to stop the rotation 
of the auger 40 during indexing of the carrying device 22. It should be 
appreciated, however, that the flow of powder 12 through the conduit 36 
may be further controlled by the use of a valve (not shown). 
Preferably, provisions are made to assure that the filling line 20 is free 
from airborne powder 12 which may escape between the nozzle 34 and the 
opening 42 of the container 16 during the filling operation and in 
particular during the indexing of the carrying device for presenting an 
unfilled container 16 to the powder filling apparatus 10. A clean filling 
system 54 is shown in FIG. 2 for use with the apparatus 10. The clean 
filling system 54 preferably includes housing 56. The housing 56 is 
secured to filling line 20 as well as to the conduit 36. 
The housing 56 may serve several purposes. For example, the housing 56 may 
be used to support slide 60. Slide 60 is connected to a tray 61 which 
slidably is fitted between the nozzle 34 and the opening 42. The tray 61 
may have any suitable form and , as shown in FIG. 2 may be in the form of 
a toner drip plate. The tray 61 has a first position in which the tray 61 
prevents the powder 12 from exiting the nozzle 34. In this extended 
position, the tray 61 prevents the spilling of powder 12 during the 
indexing of the containers 16. The tray 61 also has a second retracted 
position for permitting the powder 12 to flow into the container 16 during 
filling. The housing 56 preferably also provides a second purpose, namely, 
to support the conduit 36 and the nozzle 34. 
Also, the housing 56 surrounds the nozzle 34 and provides a cavity or 
chamber 62 which is sealed when the tray 61 is in its closed position. The 
chamber 62 preferably is kept at a vacuum. The chamber may be maintained 
at a vacuum in any suitable fashion, e.g. the chamber 62 may be connected 
by toner dust vacuum line 64 to vacuum source 66. The vacuum source 66 may 
be in the form of a toner recovery booth. 
The housing 56 also may preferably provide an additional function. The 
housing 56 serves as a registration guide for guiding the nozzle 34 into 
the opening 42. As shown in FIG. 2, the housing 56 includes a chamfered 
end 70 which as the container 16 moves in the direction of arrow 44, 
contacts the opening 42 to register and align the powder filling assisting 
apparatus 10 with the container 16. Preferably, the housing 56 is slidably 
mounted to the conduit 36 such that the housing 56 may move upwardly in 
the direction of arrow 72 and downwardly in the direction of arrow 74. It 
should be appreciated that the sliding motion of the housing 56 may be 
accomplished by gravity or by springs as well as by a motor or other 
mechanism. For example, the housing 56 may be moved upwardly in the 
direction of arrow 72 by the container 16 moving upwardly in the direction 
of arrow 44. The nozzle 34, thereby, enters into the opening 42 permitting 
filling. 
Concurrently with the raising of the container 16 to engage with the nozzle 
34, the tray 61 is moved to the left in the direction of arrow 76 to 
permit the powder 12 to flow through the nozzle 34 and into the container 
16. It should be appreciated that the tray 61 may be actuated in any 
manner, for example, by means of a motor or other mechanism, but, as shown 
in FIG. 2, the tray 61 is preferably operated by a cam mechanism 80 
interconnected to the housing 56 such that when the housing 56 moves in 
the direction of arrow 72, the tray 61 moves in the direction of arrow 76 
opening the chamber 62 to communication with the container 16. 
FIG. 2 shows the powder filling assisting apparatus 10 in the container up 
position to enable filling of the container 16. The nozzle 34 is 
positioned in the opening 42 of the container and the tray 61 is retracted 
in the position of arrow 76 to permit the flow of toner 12. 
Referring now to FIG. 3, the powder filling assisting apparatus 10 is shown 
with in the container down position to enable indexing of the carrying 
device 22. The carrying device 22 indexes the filled container out of the 
fill position and indexes the unfilled container into the fill position. 
The nozzle 34 is removed from the opening 42 of the container 16 in this 
position. The tray 61 is extended into the chamber 62 to catch any 
dripping toner residue. 
Referring now to FIG. 1, the nozzle 34 is shown in greater detail. The 
nozzle 34 may be made of any suitable durable material, e.g. a plastic or 
a metal that is chemically non-reactive with the powder 12. For example, 
the nozzle 34 may be made of stainless steel. 
The nozzle may have any suitable shape but includes an inlet 82 adjacent 
the conduit 36 as well as an outlet 84 opposed to the inlet 82. The nozzle 
34 is secured to the conduit 36 in any suitable fashion. For example, as 
shown in FIG. 1, the nozzle 34 is press fitted over the conduit 36. It 
should be appreciated that the nozzle may be secured to the conduit by 
means of fasteners, glue or by welding. Preferably, extending inwardly 
from the outlet 84 are guide tabs 86 which serve to guide the nozzle 34 
into the opening 42 of the container 16. Between the inlet 82 and the 
outlet 84 of the nozzle 34 is a central portion 90 of the nozzle. The 
central portion 90 preferably has a hollow substantially conofrustrical 
shape or funnel like shape. 
To assist in the flow of powder 12 within the interior of the nozzle 34, 
the central portion 90 of the nozzle 34 preferably is coated on inner 
periphery 92 of the nozzle 34 with a coating 94. The coating 94 is 
preferably made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. A 
coefficient of friction of less than 0.25 is preferred. 
Polytetrafluoroethylene is particularly well suited for this application. 
The auger 40 is rotatably secured within the conduit 36. The auger 40 may 
float within the conduit 36 or be supported to the conduit 36 at its 
distal ends. The auger 40 may be of any particular configuration but 
preferably is a spiral auger. The auger 40 rotates at a suitable speed to 
optimize the flow of powder 12 through the nozzle 34. 
For example, for a conduit 36 having a diameter B of 1.25 inches, the auger 
40 preferably has an auger diameter A of approximately 1.0 inches. For an 
auger with an auger diameter A of 1.0 inches, the auger 40 may rotate at a 
rotational speed of approximately 500 rpm. For the auger with an auger 
diameter A of 1.0 inches, the auger 40 may have a pitch P or distance 
between adjacent blades of the auger of approximately 1.0 inches. It 
should be appreciated that the optimum rotational speed of the auger 40 is 
dependent on the value of the pitch P. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the auger 40 may terminate at the inlet portion 82 of 
the nozzle. The invention may be practiced with the central portion 90 of 
the nozzle 34 including an empty cavity or chamber 96. 
The nozzle 34 is designed such that the nozzle has an inlet diameter IND at 
inlet 82 which is larger than outlet diameter OUD such that the flow of 
powder for a given auger and rotational speed may be maximized. It should 
be appreciated that different powders have different densities and thus 
the dimensions of IND and OUD need to be varied for optimum flow of the 
powder. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, for a toner having a particles 
size of approximately 7 microns and utilizing an auger 40 with a 
rotational speed of 500 rpms, the inlet diameter IND is approximately 1.25 
inches and the outlet diameter OUD is approximately 0.875 inches. For a 
nozzle with a distance between the inlet and outlet or height H of the 
central portion of approximately 0.7 inches, the included angle .alpha. of 
the inner periphery 92 of the nozzle 34 is approximately 20 degrees. 
When utilizing the nozzle 34 to fill containers having an opening which is 
not concentric with the container, the use of a deflector 100 is 
preferred. Preferably, the deflector 100 is mechanically connected to the 
auger 40 and rotates therewith. As shown in FIG. 1, the deflector 100 is 
connected to holder 102. Holder 102 is secured to auger 40 by any suitable 
means. For example, the holder 102 is secured to auger 40 by means of 
threads 104. 
The deflector 100 may be made of any suitable material. For example, the 
deflector may be made of plastic or metal. The deflector 100 may be made 
of stainless steel. As shown in FIG. 2, the deflector 100 is in the form 
of deflector blades. While the deflector 100 may be made from a single 
blade, preferably the deflector 100 includes a plurality of equally spaced 
blades around holder 102. As shown in FIG. 1, the deflector blade has a 
width W of approximately 0.60 inches for use when the nozzle 34 has an OUD 
of 0.875 inches. 
Preferably, the outlet 84 extends in a direction of arrow 103 along axis 32 
a distance L of 0.2 inches to permit the nozzle 34 to engage the opening 
42 of container 16 (see FIG. 2). 
Referring now to FIG. 4, the toner filling assisting apparatus 10 is shown 
engaged with toner container 16. As shown in FIG. 4, the nozzle 34 is 
immersed into the toner container 16 through opening 42 therein. The 
deflector 100 is located within chamber 106 of the container 16. The 
deflector 100 serves to deflect the powder 12 within the container 16 to 
provide an area of airborne toner 108 in the upper portion of the 
container. As the airborne toner 108 settles, settled toner 110 forms 
uniformly within the container 16 assuring a thorough filling of the 
container 16. 
Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, the advantage of utilizing the deflector 
100 is shown. In FIG. 7, the nozzle 34 is shown without the deflector 100 
in place. The nozzle 34 directs the powder 12 into a pile centered along 
nozzle centerline 32. As can be appreciated from FIG. 7, an air gap 112 is 
formed within the cartridge 16 creating a partially filled toner container 
16. 
Referring now to FIG. 8, the nozzle 34 is shown with the deflector 100 
secured therein. The deflector 100 serves to scatter the toner into 
airborne toner 108 which settles into settled toner 110 which is evenly 
dispersed within the toner container 16. 
Now referring to FIG. 5, a side view of moving containers 16 along an 
indexing conveyor 170 relative to the nozzle 34 is depicted, which is 
relevant to all of the embodiments. Each of the containers is positioned 
in a carrying device 22, also known as a puck. Each puck is specially 
designed and built for each type of toner container, the puck allowing for 
different container widths and heights. A puck is used so that the same 
conveying and lifting system can be used with varying toner container 
types. When the container is in position under the fill tube the lifting 
mechanism 174 pushes the puck with the container in it up until the 
lifting mechanism is fully extended. When the lifting mechanism is fully 
extended, the container is in the proper filling relationship with the 
fill tube. It should be appreciated that the container may be placed on a 
conveyor without a puck, particularly if the filling line is a dedicated 
line and if the container has a self-supporting shape that would not to 
permit the container to easily tip. 
FIG. 6 shows the container in the proper filling relationship to the fill 
tube, the container opening 42 receiving the end of the nozzle 34. The 
amount of toner loaded in the container is predetermined based on the size 
of the container and the toner flow is controlled by a particular number 
of cycles of the high speed filler. Once the predetermined amount of toner 
passes through the fill tube for a particular number of cycles of the high 
speed filler the container is filled and the filling process is stopped so 
that the container may be moved from under the fill tube. 
Referring now to FIG. 9, a first alternate embodiment of the nozzle of the 
present invention is shown in nozzle 234. Nozzle 234 is similar to nozzle 
34 of FIGS. 1-7. Nozzle 234 is secured to conduit 236. Conduit 236 is 
similar to conduit 36 of FIGS. 1-7. Auger 240 is rotatably fitted within 
conduit 236 and serves to advance the powder 12 in the direction of arrow 
220 along axis 232. Auger 240 includes a cylindrical portion 222 which is 
matedly fitted to conduit 236. Cylindrical portion 222 has a diameter DL 
which is slightly smaller than diameter DC of the conduit. Extending 
downward from the cylindrical portion 220 of the auger 240 is a tapered 
portion 224 of the auger 240. The tapered portion 224 is fitted at least 
partially within cavity 296 formed within inner periphery 292 of the 
central portion 290 of the nozzle 234. The nozzle 234 is secured to the 
conduit 236 at inlet 282. Extending downwardly from the central portion 
290 of the nozzle 234 is outlet 284. Inlet 282 and outlet 284 are similar 
to inlet and outlets 82 and 84 of the nozzle 34 of FIGS. 1-7. 
Referring now to FIG. 10, the auger 240 is shown in position within the 
nozzle 234. The cylindrical portion 222 of the auger 240 is fitted within 
the conduit 236 while the tapered portion 224 of the auger 240 is fitted 
partially within cavity 296. The nozzle 234 similar to the nozzle 34 of 
FIGS. 1-7, has an inlet diameter DI and an outlet diameter DO. For an 
auger 240 with a diameter of approximately 1.25 inches preferably the 
inlet diameter DI is approximately 1.25 inches and the outlet diameter DO 
is approximately 0.875 inches. The inlet and outlet diameter are spaced 
apart in the direction of centerline 232 a distance NL of approximately 
0.7 inches. Inner periphery 292 of the central portion 290 thus forms an 
included angle .beta. of approximately 20 degrees. Preferably, the tapered 
portion 224 of the auger 240 has an included angle .theta. equal to angle 
.beta. of the inner periphery 292 of the central portion 290 of the nozzle 
234. Preferably, the inner periphery 292 of the nozzle 234 includes a 
coating 294 thereon which is similar to coating 94 of the nozzle 34. The 
tapered portion 224 of the auger 240 is preferably spaced from the coating 
294 a distance C sufficient to provide for operating clearance 
therebetween. A dimension C of approximately 0.05 inches is sufficient. 
Optionally, the auger 240 may include a protruding portion 226 which 
extends downwardly from the tapered portion 224 of the auger 240. The 
protruding portion 240 extends a distance BB below lower surface 230 of 
the nozzle 234. A distance BB of approximately 0.2 inches has been found 
to be sufficient. The protruding portion 226 serves to prevent clogging of 
the powder within the nozzle 234 as well as to provide a method of 
deflecting the toner particles to evenly fill the container. 
Referring now to FIG. 11, a second alternative embodiment of the nozzle 
according to the present invention is shown as nozzle 334. Nozzle 334 is 
secured to conduit 336 and extends downwardly therefrom. Conduit 336 is 
similar to conduit 36 of FIGS. 1-7. Auger 340 is preferably rotatably 
fitted within conduit 336. Auger 340 is similar to auger 40 of FIGS. 1-7. 
As shown in FIG. 11, the nozzle 334 extends downwardly from the conduit 
336. The nozzle 334 includes a tapered portion 390 which has a generally 
conofrustrical hollow shape. The tapered portion 390 as shown in FIG. 11 
has a concave or bowl type shape. It should be appreciated that the 
tapered portion 390 may likewise have convex or a neutral shape. The 
tapered portion 390 has a diameter DNI at nozzle inlet 382 and a diameter 
DNO at the nozzle outlet 384 which is smaller than the nozzle inlet 
diameter DNI. The nozzle 334 as shown in FIG. 11 is made of a porous 
material. The nozzle 334 may be made of any suitable durable material e.g. 
a porous plastic material. Such a porous plastic material is available 
from Porex Technologies Corporation, Fairburn, Ga., USA and is sold as 
Porex.RTM. porous plastics. The use of high density polyethylene with a 
pore size of approximately 20 microns is suited for this application. 
To assist in the flow of the toner 12 and to avoid coating the inner 
periphery 392 of the nozzle 334 with a coating which may tend to wear 
quickly, the nozzle 334 includes a boundary layer of flowing air 332 
located internally of inner periphery 392 of the nozzle 334. The boundary 
layer of flowing air 334 may be accomplished in any suitable manner. For 
example, as shown in FIG. 11, the nozzle 334 is surrounded by a housing 
330. The housing 330 is secured to the conduit 336 and to the bottom 
portion of the nozzle 334. The housing 330 thus forms an external cavity 
362 between the housing 330 and nozzle 334. Preferably, the external 
cavity 362 is connected to a compressed air source 364 whereby compressed 
air is forced through the porous nozzle 334. The compressed air source 364 
thus serves to provide the boundary layer of flowing air 332 between the 
nozzle 334 and the powder 12. The compressed air source may include a 
valve (not shown) to regulate the amount of air in order to form a proper 
boundary layer of flowing air 332 to optimize the flow of toner 12 through 
the nozzle 334. 
By providing a high speed nozzle with a diameter ratio at the inlet and 
outlet of the nozzle which are chosen to optimize flow within the nozzle, 
a nozzle may be provided which optimizes flow within the nozzle. 
By providing a high speed filling nozzle with an inner periphery with a 
coating of low friction material, the flow within the nozzle may be 
maximized. 
By providing a boundary layer of air between the inner periphery of a 
nozzle and the toner flowing therethrough, the flow of toner within the 
nozzle may be maximized. 
By providing a deflector at the outlet of a nozzle, the flow of powder 
through the nozzle may be evenly dispersed into a container such that the 
container may be more completely filled and so that voids may not be 
present within a container. 
By providing a high speed nozzle including a tapered auger positioned 
therein, the flow of toner through the auger may be maximized and, at the 
same time, control of the amount of powder dispensed, normally referred to 
as the fill weight, may be maximized. 
By providing a high speed nozzle including a porous material, the flow 
within the nozzle may be maximized by providing a layer of air to reduce 
the friction between the nozzle and the powder. 
In recapitulation, a high speed toner filler for developer material has 
been described as an improved method for maximizing toner flow for filling 
toner containers with small apertures. This method allows toner to be 
moved more accurately and rapidly than prior art systems and also insures 
that the toner container is filled quickly, completely and cleanly. 
It is, therefore, apparent that there has been provided in accordance with 
the present invention, a high speed toner filler that fully satisfies the 
aims and advantages hereinbefore set forth. While this invention has been 
described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that 
many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those 
skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such 
alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and 
broad scope of the appended claims.