Environmental seal

An assembly capable of sealing an elongate substrate that is curved or angled along its length, which has a heat-shrinkable wraparound sleeve (1) having closure rails (3) adjacent opposing longitudinal edges thereof which can be held together by positioning a closure member thereover to maintain the sleeve in the wrapped-around configuration during heat-shrinkage and the closure member, which comprises an elongate channel (7) of sheet material substantially C-shaped in transverse cross-section having transverse first and second slits (9, 10) therein that extend substantially entirely across its width, respective first and second slits extending through each longitudinal edge, and giving the channel flexibility in two mutually perpendicular planes.

The present invention relates to the formation of an environmental seal, 
particularly around a cable splice or a pipe, especially in cramped 
conditions or otherwise where curvature of cables or pipes is to be 
expected. 
There are many instances where it is desirable to provide an environmental 
seal in order to keep out contaminants such as water or to insulate 
electrically etc, particularly where an end of the cable or other 
substrate is not accessible or where it is undesirable to disconnect or 
otherwise displace such an end. Environmental seals for cables and pipes 
are frequently made by recovering (generally heat-shrinking) a 
dimensionally-recoverable sleeve around the cable or pipe. The sleeve is 
supplied over-size allowing it to be installed easily and without the need 
for close tolerances in manufacture, and is then shrunk generally by 
heating it with an open-flame torch, into sealing engagement. Many 
proposals have been made for ways of making such heat-shrinkable sleeves 
of so-called "wrap-around" design, allowing installation as mentioned 
above where an end of the substrate to be sealed is not accessible. 
In general, a "wrap-around" sleeve is simply a sheet of material that can 
be installed around a substrate with no free ends and that has some means 
whereby it may be held in the wrapped configuration, particularly during 
heat-shrinkage. 
The only commercially significant heat-shrinkable wrap-around sleeve is 
disclosed and claimed in GB1155470 (Raychem), which provides: 
a closure member comprising a tubular member having a ridge extending 
along the length of the outer surface thereof the dimensional state of the 
tubular member having been changed from an original heat-stable form to a 
heat-unstable form, the ridge having a portion of reduced cross-section 
adjacent to the outer surface of the tubular member, the ridge and the 
member being longitudinally split, and having two portions facing each 
other, and fastening means for sliding over the ridge to retain the 
fastening portions in abutting relationship. 
The disclosure of that patent and of other patents and applications 
mentioned below are incorporated herein by reference. 
The closure of that patent has become known as the "rail-and-channel" 
closure. The terms "rail" and "channel" will be used below in the present 
specification where it is believed that their meaning will be clear. It is 
pointed out, nonetheless, that these terms imply no particular shape, and 
are not to be interpreted as requiring the shape illustrated or described 
in GB1155470. 
Other designs of wrap-around sleeve may be briefly mentioned. EP 0034500 
(Raychem) discloses a closure assembly comprising 
a recoverable wrap-around sleeve, and 
a longitudinal flexible elongate fastening member, 
characterized in that the fastening member comprises: first and second 
wire-like or rod-like gripping portions arranged substantially parallel 
to, and laterally spaced from, each other with their lengths disposed 
substantially longitudinally relative to the fastening member, and 
connected to each other by each of at least three wire-like or rod-like 
connecting members, which lie substantially outside the plane containing 
the first and second gripping portions; the arrangement being such that 
the fastening member can grip between, and by mutual gripping action of, 
its first and second gripping portions one or more fastening portions of 
the sleeve to hold the sleeve closed during the recovery. 
DE 2652617 (Raychem) disclosed a heat-recoverable wrap-around article which 
is made from sheet material and is adapted to recover snugly about a bend 
in a substrate to conform to said bend and thus substantially avoid the 
formation of undesired wrinkles, the article being provided with means to 
facilitate fastening it in position prior to recovery. The material is 
held closed by a rail-and-channel closure as illustrated in GB 1155470, 
but no explanation is given as to how the closure accommodates the curves. 
Whilst those techniques, particularly that of GB 1155470, have proved 
useful there remains a problem in providing a cable splice closure around 
a highly curved splice, particularly where a cable is confined within a 
man-hole (which includes a hand-hole) that is curved and of small radius 
of curvature. The problem is made worse where a branched cable splice is 
to be sealed, since the branch-off limits the orientation of the rails and 
channel: in general the rails and channel should lie over the larger of 
the branching cables at a position diametrically opposite the smaller 
cable. This orientation is preferred where the branch-off is sealed using 
a branch-off clip, as disclosed and claimed in GB 1604981 (Raychem), the 
disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
We have now designed a closure channel of improved flexibility and also 
various other splice case components. 
Thus, the invention provides an assembly capable of sealing an elongate 
substrate that is curved or angled along its length, which comprises: 
(a) a heat-shrinkable wrap-around sleeve having closure rails adjacent 
opposing longitudinal edges thereof which can be held together by 
positioning a closure member thereover to maintain the sleeve in the 
wrapped-around configuration during heat-shrinkage; and 
(b) said closure member, which comprises an elongate channel of sheet 
material substantially C-shaped in transverse cross-section having 
transverse first and second slits therein that extend substantially 
entirely across its width, respective first and second slits extending 
through each longitudinal edge, and giving the channel flexibility in two 
mutually perpendicular planes. 
Generally, it will be desirable that the channel be flexible such that it 
can be curved in each of two opposite directions in each of the two 
mutually perpendicular planes referred to. Whilst use of the phrase 
"C-shaped" is not intended to imply limitation to the shape of any 
particular letter "C", reference may be made to the backbone or vertical 
part of the "C" as written, and to the two extending limbs or 
substantially horizontal parts as written. The backbone will lie along the 
tops of the rails of the sleeve, and the limbs will extend down the outer 
sides of opposite rails (and generally tuck into undercuts therein to 
prevent radial displacement of the channel, and therefore require that the 
channel be slid longitudinally over the rails). 
If the sleeve is to shrink over a splice case whose diameter is thicker 
than the cables it joins, the sleeve after shrinkage will have a large 
cylindrical central portion which tapers down at each end along 
frusto-conical transitions to small cylindrical end portions extending 
along each cable a short distance at each side of the splice. Since the 
rails and channel must adopt this shape, the channel must be flexible in 
at least one plane, namely a plane that is radial with respect to the 
cable. It will need to be flexible in two opposite directions since it 
will appear convex from the large diameter to the transition, and concave 
from the transition to the smaller diameter. The prior art channel of GB 
1155470 allows for this by having transverse slots spaced apart along the 
channel and extending through only the backbone or (in a separate 
embodiment) through only both limbs. The first and second slits of the 
present invention can allow for such flexibility, but provide more. 
Where the spliced cable is curved, and where the sleeve is not oriented 
such that the rails and channel lie on the curves of minimum or maximum 
radius of curvature (the extreme inside and outside curves), then the 
channel will be forced to bend in two planes. It will in general be 
preferred that the rails and channel lie along a curve mid-way between the 
inside and outside curves. This was discussed above in connection with GB 
1604981, and will be returned to below in the description of the drawings. 
This extra flexibility is achieved in the invention as a result of the 
first and second slits extending through a longitudinal edge of the 
channel, and generally through the "limbs" as referred to above. In order 
that identical channels can be used in various different circumstances, it 
is desirable that this extra flexibility allow curvature in each of two 
opposite directions. Thus, first slits extend through one longitudinal 
edge (one of the limbs of the "C") and the second slits extend through the 
other longitudinal edge (the other limb). Preferably the first and second 
slits substantially alternate along the channel. 
The slits may be mere cuts (with no material missing or removed) 
particularly if, on bending, adjacent surfaces can slide over one another, 
but in general we prefer that the slits comprise slots of a significant 
width, say 1-5 mm. 
A splice case may comprise more than one part along its length. For example 
it may comprise a central part that covers the splice itself, and end 
parts that provide transitions from the central part down to the cables 
and seal to the cables. The central part may comprise a substantially 
straight sleeve, and the end parts may comprise curved sleeves to 
accommodate curvature of the spliced cables or the angle at which the 
cables leave the splice. For these or other reasons it may be desirable 
that the first and second slits be provided spaced apart along part only 
of the channel, for example along a part of the channel that extends from 
one end to, say, one to two thirds (preferably about half) the length of 
the channel. The part of the channel not provided with the first and 
second slits will be positioned over that part of the splice case where 
curvature is not required. Two such channels may be used at respective end 
parts of a splice case. In order that the channel is not positioned 
incorrectly, the end thereof from which extends the part with the first 
and second slits may be provided with a tab or other means which prevents 
that end from being slid over the closure rails of the sleeve. 
A part of the channel which is not provided with the first and second slits 
may, nonetheless, be provided with third slits, for example like those of 
the prior art which extend through neither longitudinal edge, said third 
slits giving the channel flexibility in one plane only. 
The sleeve of the splice case (or at least one of them where two or more 
are used) may have circumferential corrugations spaced along at least part 
of its length. Such corrugations may aid the sleeve following a curved 
path and/or may allow the sleeve to be supplied in an axially compressed 
form and to become axially extended during installation. That may be 
useful where space is limited. 
Such a corrugated sleeve may be radially heat-shrinkable, but in a 
preferred embodiment it is not. In that embodiment it is used as a central 
part of a splice case together with two radially heat-shrinkable sleeves, 
one overlapping each end of the corrugated sleeve. To improve sealing 
between the corrugated sleeves and the end sleeves, we prefer that end 
portions of the corrugated sleeves be free from corrugations, and have 
therefore a smooth surface onto which the end sleeves can shrink. 
Furthermore, we prefer that each of those end portions has an annular 
coating of a sealing material particularly a hot-melt adhesive which 
coatings preferably do not extend to the extreme ends of the corrugated 
sleeve, and/or to the corrugations. In this way the recoverable sleeves 
will overlie both the hot-melt adhesive and a portion free of adhesive. 
Friction during heat-installation between the overlying sleeve and the 
portion of the corrugated sleeve free of adhesive will help reduce the 
recoverable sleeve slipping of the corrugated sleeve before the adhesive 
has resolidified.

FIG. 1 shows a wrap-around heat-shrinkable sleeve of the type disclosed in 
GB 1155470 (Raychem). The sleeve has been wrapped around a cable 2, and 
rails 3 at opposing longitudinal edge portions of the sleeve have been 
brought together, and are in the process of being held together by a 
channel 4 which is shown partly longitudinally slid over them. The channel 
has slots 5 therein to give it bending flexibility, allowing for example 
the channel to follow the course of a branching cable 6 which is spliced 
to the main cable 2. 
A channel 7 as used in the invention is shown in FIG. 2. The channel 7 has 
substantially C-shaped transverse cross-section, as shown at 8, and has 
alternating transverse first 9 and second 10 slits therein that extend 
substantially entirely across its width, first 9 and second 10 slits 
extending through longitudinal edges 11 and 12 respectively. These slits 9 
and 10 give the channel flexibility in the plane XZ shown in the figure. 
Channel 7 also has third slits 5 which extend through neither longitudinal 
edge 11, 12. These third slits 5 (which are known in the prior art) and 
also the first and second slits 9, 10, give the channel flexibility in the 
plane XY. Slits which extend through each longitudinal edge 11, 12 but not 
through the backbone of the channel (the flat top as drawn) would have the 
same effect as slits 5. It may be noted that the slits 9, 10 in extending 
through edges 11, 12 do not increase flexibility in the plane YZ, and 
therefore do not reduce the ability of the channel to hold rails 3 (see 
FIG. 1 etc.) together compared with the prior art slits. 
The channel shown in FIG. 2 is shown shorter than preferred, but including 
the preferred types of slits. In general preferred channels have from 
20-50 slits, and from one to two thirds (preferably substantially one 
half) of the channel is provided with slits 9, 10, and the remainder with 
slits 5. The part with slits 9, 10 extends preferably from one end of the 
channel since it is often the ends of a splice case that need to be curved 
or angled with respect to a straight central portion, and two channels may 
then be used back to back, optionally separated by a sleeve with a prior 
art channel or by a tubular (as opposed to wrap-around) sleeve. 
FIG. 3 shows an assembly of the invention comprising a heat-shrinkable 
sleeve 1 having rails 3 held together by the channel 7 of the invention. 
The sleeve has been shrunk around a curved substrate (omitted for clarity) 
causing slits 9 to open out at the convex side of the channel, and/or 
slits 10 to close together (the material either side of the slits 
optionally overlapping) at the concave side of the channel. This sleeve is 
shown with rail 3A set back from one extreme edge of the sleeve to provide 
a flap that underlies and bridges the abutting rails. 
FIG. 4 shows a curved manhole 13, for example of the type found in the 
Italian telephone system. The manhole has radially-extending cable ducts 
14 through which pass telecommunications cables 2. The cables 2 are 
spliced in the manhole 13 as shown at 15. Such a manhole may have a 
diameter of say, 2-3 m, for example about 2.5 m. A splice case formed 
around a cable in such a manhole should be able to follow such radii of 
curvature without undue strain. In general the products used for regular 
straight splice cases will be unsuitable. 
The wrap-around sleeve and channel of the invention may be used with one or 
more additional sleeves, for example a sleeve 16 as shown in FIG. 5 having 
longitudinally-spaced, circumferentially-extending corrugations 17. Such 
an additional sleeve may be tubular as shown, or may be of wrap-around 
design. The sleeve may have an annulus of hot-melt adhesive 18, preferably 
on a corrugated portion, and preferably bordered by non-corrugated 
portions free of adhesive. The sleeve 16 is preferably radially 
heat-stable, but need not be. It may be manufactured as shown in FIG. 5A 
(preferably by a method which includes cross-linking) and then heated, 
axially compressed as shown in FIG. 5B and then cooled. The sleeve may be 
provided with internal supports, particularly at each end. 
The sleeve 17 of FIGS. 5A and 5B may be used as shown in FIGS. 6A-6C. 
In FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C, curved cables 2 spliced at 15 are shown inside a 
curved manhole 13. The corrugated sleeve 16 is installed over one of the 
cables 2 (before the splice 15 is made if sleeve 16 is tubular rather than 
wrap-around) and it is then heated to cause it to revert from its axially 
compressed form of FIG. 5B to its extended form of FIG. 5A. It may be 
heated by an open flame torch 19. Supply and initial positioning of the 
sleeve 16 in an axially compressed form might be desirable where space is 
limited, as is often the case where cables are forced to follow a tightly 
curved path. The corrugations also give the sleeve 16 flexibility helping 
it conform to the curved cable. It may be curved while still hot. 
When the sleeve 16 has been correctly positioned over the splice 15, end 
wraparound sleeves 20 (preferably comprising a composite material) are 
heat-shrunk to form a seal between each end of sleeve 16 and the cables 2 
at each side of the splice. Sleeves 20 have rails which are held together 
by channels 7, which allow the sleeves 7 to become curved. 
The splice 15 may be an in-line splice between two cables as shown in FIG. 
6A, or it may be a branched splice having two or more cables at one or 
both ends. A branched having two or more cables at one or both ends. A 
branched splice is shown in FIG. 6C between cables 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D. 
Cables are generally stacked in horizontal planes one above the other in 
these and other manholes, and as a result the branching cables 2B and 2D 
will be arranged below cables 2A and 2C. Where a seal between the 
branching cables is made with the aid of a branch-off clip 21 that clip 
will be arranged in the plane of the cables. (A branch-off clip forms two 
or more conduits at the end of a heat-shrinkable sleeve by bringing and 
holding together between the cables opposing portions of the 
heat-shrinkable sleeve--see GB 1604981.) This positioning of the clip 
clearly precludes the channel 7 being positioned on the extreme inside and 
outside of the cable's curve, and is instead shown positioned mid way 
between those curves, i.e. on the top of the cable. As a result the 
channel must have flexibility in two planes, firstly in the plane of the 
cables to follow the curve of the cables, and secondly in a perpendicular 
plane to deal with the transitions from sleeve 16 over the bulky splice 
15, down to the cables 2. 
FIGS. 7A and 7B show the channel 7 of the invention. An end view is given 
at 22. The channel has means 23, such as a tab or other extension, at one 
end that prevents that end from being slid over rails 2 of a sleeve 1, and 
therefore forces the installer to install the channel in a given way. This 
ensures that it is the other end (the end with the third slots 5, rather 
than first and second slots 9,10) that is slid over the rails. The result 
is that it is the end of the sleeve over which the channel is slid that is 
provided with the additional flexibility. Where, of course, it is a 
portion at the other end that is required to have the additional 
flexibility, the means 23 may be provided at that other end. This feature 
may be useful in embodiments such as that of FIG. 6 where a wrap-around 
sleeve is to be positioned assymetrically. In many cases, however, a 
single wraparound sleeve will extend completely across a symetrical 
splice, and it will not matter which way the channel is installed. 
FIG. 7B shows that the slits 9,10 provide the channel with flexibility in 
the plane of the paper as drawn in two opposite directions 24, 25. 
FIG. 8 shows at kit-of-parts comprising a wraparound sleeve 1, channel 7, 
tubular corrugated sleeve 16, liners 26 having crowned ends 27 and a 
branch-off clip 21. 
For the avoidance of doubt it is here noted that the invention provides 
various articles, assemblies, kits and methods for environmental 
protection, particularly offering improved flexibility and/or 
installability especially in confined spaces. Any one or more of the 
sleeves, channels, clips and liners may be selected.