Patient evacuation system from a multistory structure

An evacuation system for nonambulatory patients from a multistory hospital or the like. A trackway is secureable to a wall of a stairwell and includes a hanger rail support. A hanger is rotatably associable with the hanger rail support and has elongated elements suspended from same for securement to a wheelchair, stretcher, or the like. A brake system is associated with the hanger to normally brake rollers, wheels, or the like of same against movement. A brake release apparatus is operatively associated with the brake system from the hanger for actuation by a patient or attendant to permit the hanger to carry the patient along the trackway.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an evacuation system for the removal of 
bedridden patients from multistory hospitals, nursing homes, and the like, 
which system is efficient and easily manipulatable by the patient, or an 
attendant. 
Much concern has been expressed over the patent inability to evacuate 
bedridden patients from multistory hospitals, nursing homes, and the like 
in the event of a catastrophe such as fire, earthquake, or other natural 
or accidental occurance which would dictate evacuation. During the 
occurance of any such disaster, particularly, fire, there is a likelihood 
that a loss of power will exist throughout the disaster, thereby rendering 
elevators unavailable for use for evacuation. In fact cessation of use of 
elevators is recommended in the event of fire from any multistory 
structure due to the hazzards accompanying same. While ambulatory patients 
may walk down the stairs from a number of stories without any significant 
problems, it has been shown through trials that two healthy attendants 
carrying a one hundred and fifty pound patient require assistance after 
three floors. Moreover, while the attendant fatigue factor is quite 
paramount, also there are generally not enough staff and/or attendants on 
duty at any one time to successfully evacuate a multistory hospital, 
nursing home or the like if more than one attendant is required for 
evacuation of every patient. Still further, with a conventional stretcher 
exceeding seven feet in length, difficulty can be encountered in 
negotiating the curves at landings between flights of stairs. 
Prior systems have been devised for enabling inhabitant evacuation from 
multistory structures generally. Such devices, however, are not primarily 
intended for, or suitable for, hospital or nursing home use where 
nonambulatory patients need to be evacuated. Many of the prior devices 
include assemblies that permit an individual to climb inside a chute and 
to slide down the chute to ground level. Such of course would be totally 
unsuitable for hospital use. Other systems have included structures 
exterior to the building which follow a zig zag path down an outside wall 
of the building or down a further structure secured to an outside wall of 
the building. In such exterior systems, cars of some description may be 
associated with a zig zag track to follow same during the descent from 
upper stories. Again, such structures are totally unsuitable for hospital 
use where attendants will be necessary for many, if not the majority, of 
the patients to be evacuated. Specifically, while the evacuation cars of 
the prior art are suitable for descent down a vertical zig zag trackway, 
and are generally equipped with a braking device, the angle of descent and 
the size of the cars prohibits use of stretchers or some other type 
patient carrying element for receipt of a patient in a suppine or 
generally suppine position. Also, many patients being evacuated would be 
incapable of manipulating a hand brake to slow the descent of the car 
along the vertical zig zag track. 
The known prior art structures also often require construction of a 
suitable housing for the system. Should a housing be necessary, as 
mentioned above, same would be added to the exterior of the multistory 
structure. 
The present invention overcomes the problems specified above and others 
with respect to prior art systems, in an environment for evacuating 
nonambulatory patients from a multistory hospital or the like. Not only is 
the present system quite efficient in use, and capable of permitting 
gradual, controlled descent of a patient a sitting or suppine position 
with attendants to assist the patient in descent, if necessary, the system 
may be retrofitted into any existing multistory structure in which a 
stairwell is provided throughout the height of the building. Furthermore, 
while the present system is securable within an existing stairwell, it is 
very important to point out that when not in use for evacuation, normal 
use of the stairwell is not impaired in any way. Last but not least, the 
simplicity of the present system coupled with a lack of need for a power 
supply, lends itself to practical and economical utilization. 
There is no known prior art that would teach or suggest the patient 
evacuation system of the present invention. Exemplary of known prior art 
which is broadly discussed above includes: U.S. Pat. Nos. 952,239 to 
Davidson; 1,950,996 to Potter; 3,831,711 to Smith; 3,915,258 to Nusslein; 
3,944,021 to Smith, Jr., et al; 4,049,080 to Suzuki; 4,079,812 to Naka; 
4,122,917 to Kendricki; 4,125,172 to Hatala; 4,207,965 to Chiang-Cheng et 
al; 4,262,772 to Richardson; 4,267,900 to Yin-Lung. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved patient 
evacuation system for use in multistory hospitals, nursing homes and the 
like. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved 
evacuation system for persons from a multistory structure through an 
existing stairwell in the structure. 
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved 
patient evacuation system for use in a multistory structure which system 
may be retrofitted into an existing stairwell. 
Still further another object of the present invention is to provide a 
patient evacuation system for use in multistory hospitals, nursing homes 
and the like, on which nonambulatory patients may be evacuated with a 
minimum of assistance and without excessive fatigue of attendants 
accompanying the patients. 
Generally speaking, the patient evacuation system according to the present 
invention comprises a trackway means mountable in a stairwell at a height 
that normal use of stairs located in the stairwell will not be impaired 
thereby when the system is not in use, said trackway means including a 
hanger rail support means and mounting means secured thereto, said 
mounting means being adaptable for securement within said stairwell above 
said stairs; hanger means associable with said trackway, said hanger means 
having roller means received thereon for rotatable receipt on said hanger 
rail support while being precluded against significant lateral movement 
with respect thereto; said roller means having brake means associated 
thereto, means associable with said hanger means for securement to a 
patient carrying element; and brake release means associated with said 
hanger means, said brake release means having brake release actuator means 
associated therewith and being accessible to said patient carrying element 
to be suspended from said hanger means. 
More specifically, the evacuation system of the present invention 
preferably includes a pair of spaced apart rails that extend along a 
stairwell from an upper floor to the ground floor with appropriate curved 
segments being located therealong at landings between flights of stairs. 
The spaced apart rails are secured to a side wall or a ceiling of the 
stairwell, hereinafter jointly referred to as wall, such that the rails 
are maintained over the stairs, at a height adequate to preclude any 
interferrence with normal use of the stairs. The two rail system is 
preferably united at spaced apart locations along the length of same by 
shrouds secured thereto and extending upwardly over same. Support elements 
are secured to the shrouds at one end and to a mounting bracket at an 
opposite end with the mounting bracket being secured to the stairway wall. 
Furthermore, the rails are each preferably provided with means thereon to 
preclude any significant lateral movement of a hanger means associated 
therewith during descent, whereby once the hanger means is received on the 
rails, it will remain thereon until removed. 
Individual hanger means are provided with the evacuation system with one or 
two hanger means being utilized to evacuate a single patient, depending 
upon the arrangement of same. Particularly, a preferred hanger body is 
elongated in nature with a crossing support bar secured at an upper end of 
same. Rotatable wheels are mounted to the crossing support bar at opposite 
ends of same and are provided with releasable speed limiting or braking 
means such as brake pads which are normally held in engagement with the 
wheels, and are removeable from braking contact to permit descent of the 
hanger means. Adjustable disc braking arrangements or the like may also be 
employed in conjunction with the releaseable braking means which may be 
adjusted to limit the speed of normal descent of a patient when the brake 
release is actuated. At a lower end of the hanger body, a plurality of 
elongated elements such as chains, ropes or the like are provided which 
extend below the body to a level where a patient carrying element is to be 
supported. Chains are preferred, and latch elements such as snap hooks or 
the like are provided on same to permit adjustment of the length of same. 
Hence, the forward elongated elements or elements may be adjusted upwardly 
with respect to the rear elements to permit the patient carrying element 
to descend in a proper attitude. A brake release means is also associated 
with the hanger body wheels having an actuator element extending 
downwardly to a point where it is accessible to a patient being evacuated 
or to an attendant who is accompanying a patient during descent. With the 
brake release means, either the patient or the attendant may actuate same, 
again to permit descent of the hanger, while release of the actuator means 
will stop movement to avoid collisions with other patients and the like. 
With the evacuation system according to the present invention, as will be 
described in more detail hereinafter, the individual hanger means are 
easily removable from the system which facilitates storage of same, and 
also adds flexibility for movement of the hanger means from floor to floor 
as might be needed during the evacuation. Furthermore, with a plurality of 
elongated elements suspended from a hanger body, same may be secured to a 
wheelchair or other similar patient caring element to evacuate the patient 
in a sitting position, or may be secured to a liter, stretcher or the like 
for the same purpose. In this vein, depending upon the construction of the 
patient carrying element, whether a chair, liter, stretcher or the like, 
should one hanger means not be adequate for the descent, a pair of hanger 
means may be utilized to support opposite ends of the carrying element.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to the figures, preferred embodiments of the present invention 
will now be described in detail. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a 
portion of a multistory structure, generally indicated as 10. Only walls 
12, 14, 16 and 18 are shown each of which assists in defining a stairwell 
therealong. A first landing 20 at level A-B is representative of a top 
floor of the structure while intermediate landing 30 at level C-D 
represents a middle floor having a flight of stairs 25 therebetween, and 
with a lower landing 40 at level E-F symbolizing ground level with a 
further flight of stairs 35 located between landings 30 and 40. With such 
an arrangement, a trackway means generally 50 is secured to walls 12, 14, 
16 and 18 between points A and E. 
As can be seen in FIG. 1, trackway 50 is generally level at point A begins 
descent at point B down to point C that is generally consistent with the 
slope of stairs 25 therebetween. A more gradual slope is present for 
trackway 50 between points C and D across landing 30, after which a 
sharper slope returns between points D and E along stairs 35, similar to 
that achieved between points B and C. At landing 40, trackway 50 again 
assumes a more gradual slope. 
As is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1, one patient is being evacuated 
on a liter L, suspended by two hanger means generally 70, though one such 
hanger means may be adequate to support a liter. An attendant would walk 
along with the patient and manipulate both brake release means 80 to 
control descent of hanger means 70 and thus the patient. In a further 
embodiment, a hanger means generally 70 is shown on the trackway segment 
D-E, supporting a patient in a chair C where the patient himself can 
manipulate brake release means 80 to control his own descent. With either 
arrangement, it is quite apparent that once a patient is hooked up to a 
system, say at landing 20, the patient can be conveniently lowered from 
level A to level F either by himself, or by an attendant, while at the 
same time controlling the speed of descent to an acceptable rate. A 
platform P is shown at landing 20 which could be utilized in loading 
patients onto hanger means 70. As further patients need to be evacuated, 
they would simply be suspended from one or more hanger means 70 at the 
landing for the floor where the patient is located, after which the 
patient may descend along the trailway 50 in a safe and efficient fashion 
until reaching safety at ground level. 
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a closed type stairwell that is defined by walls 
112, 114, 116, and 118 which of course would be located within a 
multistory structure (not shown). In FIG. 2 a landing 120 is illustrated 
representative of one story in the building followed by a descending 
flight of stairs 125 to a second landing 130 which may be a next lower 
level or may be an intermediate landing between one floor of the structure 
and another. As illustrated, a trackway means generally 150 is illustrated 
as secured to the walls defining the stairwell and to the ceiling C by 
mounting means generally 155 that are spaced along the length of trackway 
150. The number of mounting means generally 155 would be determined by the 
overall weight of the evacuating system as well as the weight of patients 
to be evacuated thereon. Obviously, such mounting means should be of 
sufficient strength and rigidity, and so located, that appropriate 
structural strength is available for the present evacuation system. 
FIGS. 4 and 5 are illustrative of a preferred embodiment of the evacuation 
system according to the present invention. The trackway generally 50 
includes a pair of spaced apart rails 51, 52 with upstanding flanges 53, 
54 respectively secured thereto along an inside surface of same and 
extending upwardly therefrom. Flanges 53 and 54 as illustrated in FIG. 4 
will preclude lateral movement of a hanger means generally 70 received 
thereon. Mounting means generally 55 includes a shroud 56 that is secured 
to rails 51 and 52 and extends upwardly therearound. A pair of support 
members 57 and 58 are secured to shroud 56 and extend outwardly therefrom 
to a mounting plate 59 to which an opposite end of support elements 57 and 
58 are secured. Mounting plate 59 is then appropriately secured to one of 
the walls defining the stairwell to properly suspend trackway 50 above the 
stairs over which it passes. While mounting means generally 55 is 
illustrated in FIG. 4 for the mounting of tracks 51 and 52 perpendicular 
to a surface therebelow, obviously as is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 
since trackway 50, 150 follow inclination of the stairs along the 
stairwell, the angular relationship between mounting plate 50 and support 
elements 57 and 58 may vary considerably. Likewise, for mounting means for 
securement to the ceiling of the stairwell, obviously, though not shown, 
the support elements would extend upwardly from shroud 56 to the mounting 
plate 59. 
A preferred hanger means 70 is illlustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 and includes a 
hanger body 72 to which a crossing support member 74 is secured at an 
upper end of same with wheels 90 rotatably secured at opposite ends of 
same. Each wheel 90 may be provided with a disc brake arrangement 92 (see 
FIG. 6) that is adjustably positioned with respect to wheel 90 to provide 
frictional contact therewith and thereby reduce the rotational speed of 
wheels 90 during descent of the hanger means 70 along trackway 50. Also 
brake means 80 is associated with wheels 90 to constantly apply braking 
pressure thereagainst unless released, whereby hanger means 80 will not 
move down trackway 50 until brake means 80 is released as described 
hereinafter. 
A lower end of body 72 is provided with an eyelet structure 76 through 
which a plurality of elongated securement means 78 pass and are suspended 
therefrom. Snap hooks 79 or other attachment means are provided at the 
terminal ends of elongated securement means 78 to enable same to be 
attached to a patient carrying element such as a wheelchair, liter, 
stretcher or the like. As pointed out hereinbefore, descent of the patient 
down the incline of the stairs is best carried out with the patient 
maintained in a predetermined attitude. Utilizing the attachment means 79, 
as shown on securement means 78, the overall length of securement means 78 
may then be adjusted as desired. Chains are preferred whereby snap hooks 
may be moved between links of the chain for length adjustment. In such 
fashion, the forward elongated securement means 78 may be shortened 
relative to the rear securement means 78 for example, whereby the 
wheelchair or liter may descend in a generally level condition or other 
condition as desired. Since, as mentioned above, inclination of trackway 
50, 150 may vary from a top floor to the ground level of a structure, the 
attitude of the patient becomes particularly important, especially when a 
stretcher, liter or the like is employed. While suspended in a level 
condition as illustrated in FIG. 5 where the trackway is parallel to the 
surface below, once the hanger means 70 starts down an incline path, the 
liter may not be totally level, though, since the hanger means with the 
weight of the patient therebelow should seek its own attitude, a generally 
level condition should continue to exist unless the difference in lengths 
of the front and rear securement means is too great. 
As further illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, brake release means generally 
indicated as 80 is incorporated into hanger means 70. A support 
arrangement 82 is provided that is secured to crossing member 74 and 
extends upwardly therefrom with a spring 86 received therearound. A brake 
release actuating lever 87 passes over support 82 and received a portion 
86' of spring 86 therearound. A pair of brake pads 85 are secured to a 
connector rod 83 at outer ends of same which actuating lever 87 is secured 
to connector rod 83. Spring means 86 thus continually biases lever 87 in a 
direction to maintain brake pads 85 in braking contact with wheels 90. 
Release actuating lever 87 extends angularly outwardly from brake means 
80, and a cord 88 is secured to an outer end of same. Cord 88 extends from 
lever 87 to a level accessible to the patient and/or an attendant for the 
patient. 
With a patient suspended from hanger means 70, either the patient or the 
attendant by pulling down on brake release cord 88 will release brake pads 
85 from frictional, braking contact with the surfaces of wheels 90 to 
permit rotation of wheels 90 and thus permit the descent of hanger means 
70. At any point, should brake release means 80 be deactuated by release 
of cord 88, hanger means 70 will fully cease downward movement unless the 
angle of descent is such that the wheels slide along the rails. 
FIG. 6 illustrates, in part, a further embodiment of an evacuation system 
according to the present invention. In general many aspects of same are 
like that as described with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5 whereby only the 
areas of difference will be described. Particularly, the spaced apart 
tracks 151 and 152 have a generally frustoconical cross section while 
wheels 190 rotatably supported thereon include grooves 191 therein which 
mate with the outer surface configuration of rails 151 and 152. Lateral 
movement of hanger means 170 with respect to the trackway 150 is thus 
precluded. As discussed hereinbefore, with respect to FIG. 4, wheels 190 
are provided with brake means 180 which would be structured as described 
above except that brake pads 185 may make contact with groove 191 of 
wheels 190. Also, a rotation limiting system is added to wheels 190, 
represented by disc 192 that is held in pressure engagement with wheels 
190 by a pressure adjustment nut 194. Obviously, this speed limiting means 
should not be considered to be limiting insofar as the present invention 
is concerned, and any means that would so continuously reduce the speed 
rotation of the wheels during descent of the hanger means could be 
suitably employed herewith. Hence once brake release means 180 is actuated 
to permit descent of hanger means 170, wheels 190 will rotate at a speed 
determined by the pressure of disc 192 thereagainst. With such an 
arrangement, the descent rate of hanger means 170 may be reduced 
considerably from a "free wheeling" speed thus reducing the likelihood of 
accidents during evacuation as a result of collisions, excessive speed or 
the like. 
Insofar as materials of construction for the evacuation system of the 
present invention is concerned, obviously any materials may be employed 
that have adequate structural strength and rigidity to perform the 
intended function. Lightweight metals or reinforced plastic materials are 
preferred due to the performance characteristics, of weight and the ease 
of use of same in fabrication. Also, each hanger means 70, 170 may be 
lifted above the tracks 51, 52, or 151, 152, rotated 90.degree., and 
withdrawn between the rails. Mounting of hangers would be the reverse. 
Such facilitates storage and flexibility of distribution of the hanger 
means. 
Having described the invention in detail as to preferred embodiments, it is 
obvious that certain modifications or alterations may be made thereto 
without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope of 
the present invention should thus be determined by the claims appended 
hereto.