Actuator, projection device, and projection method

An actuator, a projection device, and a projection method are provided. The projection method includes the following. A first optical element is disposed in a first frame body. At least one first driving assembly is disposed between a first base and the first frame body. A second optical element is disposed in a second frame body. At least one second driving assembly is disposed between a second base and the second frame body. The first driving assembly is controlled by a first signal to drive the first frame body, such that the first optical element reciprocally swing relative to the first base based on a first actuating axis and a second actuating axis. The second driving assembly is controlled by a second signal to drive the second frame body, such that the second optical element reciprocally swing relative to the second base based on a third actuating axis.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority benefit of Chinese application no. 202110701851.9, filed on Jun. 24, 2021. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to an actuator, a projection device, and a projection method.

Description of Related Art

With the quality improvement of cable TV or Internet streaming video, people's demands for high-resolution projectors is gradually increasing. In order to increase the resolution of a projector, an actuator may be disposed at an appropriate position in the projector, so that a light beam generated by the projector passes through an optical element on the actuator. When the actuator is actuated, the optical element carried by the actuator can reciprocally swing to thereby project the light beam passing through the optical element to different positions, accordingly increasing the resolution of an image projected by the projector. Currently, most of the actuators on the market are single-axis actuators or dual-axis actuators, so the resolution of the projector can only be increased by 1 to 4 times.

SUMMARY

The disclosure provides an actuator, a projection device, and a projection method, in which the number of actuating axes of the actuator can be increased, thereby increasing the resolution of the projection device.

Other objectives and advantages of the disclosure may be further understood from the technical features disclosed in the disclosure.

In order to achieve one, some, or all of the above objectives or other objectives, an embodiment of the disclosure provides an actuator. The actuator includes a first base, a first frame body, a first optical element, at least one first driving assembly, a second base, a second frame body, a second optical element, at least one second driving assembly, and a controller. The first frame body is disposed in the first base. The first optical element is disposed in the first frame body. The at least one first driving assembly is disposed between the first base and the first frame body. The second frame body is disposed in the second base. The second optical element is disposed in the second frame body. The at least one second driving assembly is disposed between the second base and the second frame body. The controller is coupled to the at least one first driving assembly and the at least one second driving assembly. The controller is configured to control the at least one first driving assembly to drive the first frame body by a first signal, such that the first optical element reciprocally swings relative to the first base based on a first actuating axis and a second actuating axis, and control the at least one second driving assembly to drive the second frame body by a second signal, such that the second optical element reciprocally swings relative to the second base based on a third actuating axis. The first signal includes a first driving signal corresponding to the first actuating axis and a second driving signal corresponding to the second actuating axis, and the second signal includes a third driving signal corresponding to the third actuating axis. The first driving signal and the second driving signal have a first frequency, and the third driving signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. A phase difference between the first driving signal and the second driving signal is not equal to zero.

In order to achieve one, some, or all of the above objectives or other objectives, another embodiment of the disclosure provides a projection device. The projection device includes an illumination system, a light valve, a projection lens, and an actuator. The illumination system is configured to emit an illumination light beam. The light valve is located on a first transmission path of the illumination light beam, and the light valve is configured to convert the illumination light beam into an image light beam. The projection lens is located on a second transmission path of the image light beam, and the projection lens is configured to project the image light beam. The actuator is located on a transmission path of the image light beam, and the actuator is disposed between the light valve and the projection lens or a part of the actuator is disposed in the projection lens. The actuator includes a first base, a first frame body, a first optical element, at least one first driving assembly, a second base, a second frame body, a second optical element, at least one second driving assembly, and a controller. The first frame body is disposed in the first base. The first optical element is disposed in the first frame body. The at least one first driving assembly is disposed between the first base and the first frame body. The second frame body is disposed in the second base. The second optical element is disposed in the second frame body. The at least one second driving assembly is disposed between the second base and the second frame body. The controller is coupled to the at least one first driving assembly and the at least one second driving assembly. The controller is configured to control the at least one first driving assembly to drive the first frame body by a first signal, such that the first optical element reciprocally swings relative to the first base based on a first actuating axis and a second actuating axis, and control the at least one second driving assembly to drive the second frame body by a second signal, such that the second optical element reciprocally swings relative to the second base based on a third actuating axis. The first signal includes a first driving signal corresponding to the first actuating axis and a second driving signal corresponding to the second actuating axis, and the second signal includes a third driving signal corresponding to the third actuating axis. The first driving signal and the second driving signal have a first frequency, and the third driving signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. A phase difference between the first driving signal and the second driving signal is not equal to zero.

In order to achieve one, some, or all of the above objectives or other objectives, another embodiment of the disclosure provides a projection method adapted for an actuator. The actuator includes a first base, a first frame body, a first optical element, at least one first driving assembly, a second base, a second frame body, a second optical element, and at least one second driving assembly. The projection method includes the following. The first frame body is disposed in the first base, the first optical element is disposed in the first frame body, the at least one first driving assembly is disposed between the first base and the first frame body, the second frame body is disposed in the second base, the second optical element is disposed in the second frame body, and the at least one second driving assembly is disposed between the second base and the second frame body. The at least one first driving assembly is controlled to drive the first frame body by a first signal, such that the first optical element reciprocally swings relative to the first base based on a first actuating axis and a second actuating axis, and the at least one second driving assembly is controlled to drive the second frame body by a second signal, such that the second optical element reciprocally swings relative to the second base based on a third actuating axis. The first signal includes a first driving signal corresponding to the first actuating axis and a second driving signal corresponding to the second actuating axis, and the second signal includes a third driving signal corresponding to the third actuating axis. The first driving signal and the second driving signal have a first frequency, and the third driving signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. A phase difference between the first driving signal and the second driving signal is not equal to zero.

Based on the foregoing, the embodiments of the disclosure have at least one of the following advantages or effects. In the embodiments of the disclosure, the actuator of the disclosure may include at least three actuating axes. The actuator may control the optical element to reciprocally swing based on at least three actuating axes according to the corresponding driving frequencies, thereby increasing the resolution of the projection device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

FIG.1Ais a schematic diagram showing a projection device100A according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The projection device100A may include an illumination system110, a light valve120, a projection lens140, and an actuator150. In an embodiment, the actuator150may include a plurality of frame bodies such as a frame body151and a frame body152.

The illumination system110may be configured to provide an illumination light beam L1. The light valve120is located on a transmission path of the illumination light beam L1. The light valve120may be configured to convert the illumination light beam L1into an image light beam L2. The light valve120is, for example, a liquid crystal on silicon panel (LCoS panel) a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), or other reflective optical modulators. The light valve120may also be, for example, a transparent liquid crystal panel, an electro-optical modulator, a magneto-optic modulator, an acoustic modulator (AOM), or other transparent optical modulators. The projection lens140is located on a transmission path of the image light beam L2. The projection lens140may be configured to project the image light beam L2. For example, the projection lens140may project the image light beam L2onto a wall or screen out of the projection device100A. The projection lens140is, for example, one lens or a combination of more optical lenses having a refracting power. For example, the projection lens140may include a combination of non-planar lenses such as a biconcave lens, a biconvex lens, a concave-convex lens, a convex-concave lens, a plano-convex lens, or a plano-concave lens. In an embodiment, the projection lens140may also include a planar optical lens. The actuator150is located on the transmission path of the image light beam L2, and the actuator150may be disposed between the light valve120and the projection lens140. The frame body151or the frame body152of the actuator150may include an optical element, and the optical element may be configured to increase the resolution of the image light beam. In another embodiment, part of the actuator150may be disposed in the projection lens140. For example, one of the frame body151(e.g., a first frame body) and the frame body152(e.g., a second frame body) of the actuator150may be disposed in the projection lens140(not shown in the figure).

FIG.1B,FIG.1C, andFIG.1Dare respectively schematic diagrams showing a projection device100B, a projection device100C, and a projection device100D according to other embodiments of the disclosure. With reference toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D, the projection device100B, the projection device100C, and the projection device100D ofFIG.1B,FIG.1C, andFIG.1Dare similar to the projection device100A ofFIG.1A, and the difference between the projection devices100B,100C, and100D and the projection device100A are further described as follows. Similar elements will be denoted with the same reference numerals, and will not be repeatedly described herein. In the embodiment ofFIG.1A, the projection device100A may be non-telecentric. It is possible that the non-telecentric projection device100A ofFIG.1Adoes not include a prism. In the embodiments ofFIG.1B,FIG.1C, andFIG.1D, the projection devices100B,100C, and100D may be telecentric. Compared with the non-telecentric projection device100A, the telecentric projection devices100B,100C, and100D may further include a prism130. The prism130of each of the projection devices100B,100C, and100D is located on the transmission path of the image light beam L2, and the prism130may be disposed between the light valve120and the projection lens140. In the embodiment ofFIG.1B, the frame body151and the frame body152of the actuator150may be disposed between the light valve120and the prism130. In the embodiment ofFIG.1C, the frame body151and the frame body152of the actuator150may be disposed between the prism130and the projection lens140. In the embodiment ofFIG.1D, the frame body151and the frame body152of the actuator150may be respectively disposed between the light valve120and the prism130and between the prism130and the projection lens140, and the positions of the frame body151and the frame body152may be interchanged. In other words, one of the frame body151and the frame body152may be disposed between the light valve120and the prism130, and the other of the frame body151and the frame body152may be disposed between the prism130and the projection lens140. In addition, under the architecture of the telecentric projection devices100C and100D, in other embodiments not shown, one of the frame body151and the frame body152of the actuator150closer to the projection lens140may also be disposed in the projection lens140.

In order to facilitate a better understanding of the difference between the art of the disclosure and the convention, comparative examples of the convention are described below.FIG.2Ais a top view showing an actuator200having a single axis according to a comparative example of the convention.FIG.2Bis a schematic diagram of a pixel231corresponding toFIG.2A.FIG.2Cis a schematic diagram of a driving signal250corresponding toFIG.2A. The driving signal250is, for example, an analog signal or a digital signal. With reference toFIG.2A,FIG.2B, andFIG.2C, the actuator200may include a frame body211and an optical element213. The optical element213may be disposed in the frame body211. It is assumed that the actuator200has an actuating axis215parallel to a W direction, and the W direction may be parallel to an angle bisector between the negative X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction (or an angle bisector between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction). The image light beam may be transmitted by the optical element213onto an imaginary plane230and form a light spot on the imaginary plane230. When the actuator200receives the driving signal250, the actuator200may drive the frame body211, such that the optical element213reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis215. When the optical element213reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis215, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane230may reciprocally move along a radial direction of an axial line235. The axial line235is a projection of the actuating axis215on the imaginary plane230, and the axial line235may be parallel to the W direction.

A time interval251may be one period for generating the pixel231. Taking the time interval251as an example, at time point t1, the driving signal250is maintained at a high potential (indicated by “1”), so the driving signal250may not drive the frame body211, such that the optical element213does not swing around the actuating axis215. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane230may stay at position1. At time point t2, the driving signal250changing from a high potential to a low potential (indicated by “0”) may drive the frame body211, such that the optical element213swings around the actuating axis215in the negative direction (may be regarded as rotating in a counterclockwise direction). Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane230may move to position2along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. At time point t3, the driving signal250changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body211, such that the optical element213swings around the actuating axis215in the positive direction (may be regarded as rotating in a clockwise direction). Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane230may move to position1along the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction. Based on the above, during the time interval251, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane230may move between position1and position2to form the pixel231.

FIG.3Ais a top view showing an actuator300having dual axes according to a comparative example of the convention.FIG.3Bis a schematic diagram of a pixel331corresponding toFIG.3A.FIG.3Cis a schematic diagram of driving signals350,370corresponding toFIG.3A. The driving signal350(or the driving signal370) is, for example, an analog signal or a digital signal. With reference toFIG.3A,FIG.3B, andFIG.3C, the actuator300may include a frame body311and an optical element313. The optical element313may be disposed in the frame body311. It is assumed that the actuator300has an actuating axis315parallel to the X-axis direction and an actuating axis317parallel to the Y-axis direction. The image light beam may be transmitted by the optical element313onto an imaginary plane330and form a light spot on the imaginary plane330. When the actuator300receives the driving signal350, the actuator300may drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis315. When the optical element313reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis315, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may reciprocally move along the radial direction of an axial line335. The axial line335is a projection of the actuating axis315on the imaginary plane330, and the axial line335may be parallel to the X-axis direction. On the other hand, when the actuator300receives the driving signal370, the actuator300may drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis317. When the optical element313reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis317, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may reciprocally move along the radial direction of an axial line337. The axial line337is a projection of the actuating axis317on the imaginary plane330, and the axial line337may be parallel to the Y-axis direction.

The driving signal350and the driving signal370may have a same frequency. In other words, the swing speed of the optical element313reciprocally swinging based on the actuating axis315may be the same as the swing speed of the optical element313reciprocally swinging based on the actuating axis317. In addition, a phase of the driving signal350may be different from a phase of the driving signal370. In this embodiment, it is assumed that a phase difference between the driving signal350and the driving signal370is 90 degrees.

A time interval351may be one period for generating the pixel331. Taking the time interval351as an example, at time point t1, the driving signal350maintained at a high potential may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis315. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along a radial direction of the axial line335. On the other hand, the driving signal370similarly maintained at a high potential may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis317. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may move in the negative X-axis direction. Therefore, at time point t1, the light spot on the imaginary plane330may not move along a radial direction of the axial line337and stay at position1.

At time point t2, the driving signal350is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal350may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis315. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along the radial direction of the axial line335. On the other hand, the driving signal370changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313swings around the actuating axis317in the negative direction (may be regarded as rotating in a counterclockwise direction). Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may move in the X-axis direction. Therefore, at time point t2, the light spot on the imaginary plane330moves in the X-axis direction and eventually stays at position2.

At time point t3, the driving signal350changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313swings around the actuating axis315in the negative direction. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may move in the negative Y-axis direction. The driving signal370is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal370may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis317. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along the radial direction of the axial line337. Therefore, at time point t3, the light spot on the imaginary plane330moves in the negative Y-axis direction, and eventually stays at position3.

At time point t4, the driving signal350is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal350may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis315. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along the radial direction of the axial line335. On the other hand, the driving signal370changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313swings around the actuating axis317in the positive direction (may be regarded as rotating in a clockwise direction). Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may move in the negative X-axis direction. Therefore, at time point t4, the light spot on the imaginary plane330moves in the negative X-axis direction and eventually stays at position4.

At time point t5, the driving signal350changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313swings around the actuating axis315in the positive direction. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may move in the Y-axis direction. On the other hand, the driving signal370is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal350may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis317. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along the radial direction of the axial line337. Therefore, at time point t5, the light spot on the imaginary plane330moves in the Y-axis direction, and eventually stays at position1.

At time point t6, the driving signal350is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal370may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis315. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along the radial direction of the axial line335. On the other hand, the driving signal370is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal350may not drive the frame body311, such that the optical element313does not swing around the actuating axis317. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330may not move along the radial direction of the axial line337. Therefore, at time point t6, the light spot on the imaginary plane330does not move and stays at position1.

According to the comparative example ofFIG.2A,FIG.2B, andFIG.2C, the single-axis actuator200causes the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane230to move between at most two positions, thereby increasing the resolution of the image light beam. According to the comparative example ofFIG.3A,FIG.3B, andFIG.3C, the biaxial actuator300causes the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane330to move between at most four positions, thereby further increasing the resolution of the image light beam. However, at present, the resolution that can be increased by these conventional solutions is limited. If the number of actuating axes of the actuator can be increased, the resolution of the image light beam of the projection device can be further improved.

With reference back toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D, the actuator150inFIG.1AtoFIG.1Dis, for example, an actuator400having three axes inFIG.4A. In other words, the actuator400ofFIG.4Amay be applied to any one of the projection device100A ofFIG.1Ato the projection device100D ofFIG.1D. Alternatively, part of the actuator400ofFIG.4Amay also be disposed in the projection lens140inFIG.1AorFIG.1CorFIG.1D. The frame body151of the actuator150is, for example, a frame body420of the actuator400(e.g., a first frame body), and the frame body152of the actuator150is, for example, a frame body421of the actuator400(e.g., a second frame body).FIG.4Ais a perspective view showing an actuator400having three axes according to an embodiment of the disclosure.FIG.4Bis a schematic diagram of a pixel491corresponding to the actuator400ofFIG.4A.FIG.4Cis a schematic diagram of driving signals461,462, and463corresponding to the actuator400ofFIG.4A. The driving signal461(or the driving signals462,463) is, for example, an analog signal or a digital signal. Reference may be made toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D,FIG.4A,FIG.4B, andFIG.4C.

The actuator400may include a base411(e.g., a second base), a base412(e.g., a first base), and a controller40(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D). The actuator400may also include the frame body421(e.g., the second frame body) and an optical element431(e.g., a second optical element) corresponding to the base411. The frame body421may be disposed in the base411, and the optical element431may be disposed in the frame body421. The frame body421may be connected to the base411through a rotating shaft441. On the other hand, the actuator400may also include the frame body420(e.g., the first frame body) and an optical element432(e.g., a first optical element) corresponding to the base412. The frame body420may include a moving frame422(e.g., a second moving frame) and a moving frame423(e.g., a first moving frame). The moving frame422may be disposed in the base412, and may be connected to the base412through a rotating shaft442. The moving frame423may be disposed in the moving frame422, and may be connected to the moving frame422through a rotating shaft443. The optical element432may be disposed in the moving frame423. The optical element431and the optical element432may are disposed on an optical axis OA of the image light beam. In an embodiment, the optical element431(or the optical element432) may be configured such that the normal of the center point of the optical element431(or the optical element432) coincides with the optical axis OA of the image light beam. In other words, the frame body421and the frame body420may be overlapped along the direction of the optical axis OA of the image light beam, such that the optical element431and the optical element432may be overlapped along the direction of the optical axis OA of the image light beam.

The actuator400may also include at least one driving assembly disposed between the base411and the frame body421. The at least one driving assembly is, for example, a voice coil motor or a piezoelectric material. The controller40(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D) may be coupled to the at least one driving assembly, and may be configured to control the at least one driving assembly to drive the frame body421by a signal (e.g., a second signal), such that the optical element431reciprocally swings relative to the base411based on an actuating axis41(e.g., a third actuating axis). The signal includes the driving signal461(e.g., a third driving signal). On the other hand, the actuator400may also include at least one driving assembly disposed between the base412and the frame body420. The at least one driving assembly is, for example, a voice coil motor or a piezoelectric material. The controller40may be coupled to the at least one driving assembly, and may be configured to control the at least one driving assembly to drive the frame body420by a signal (e.g., a first signal), such that the optical element432reciprocally swings relative to the base412based on an actuating axis42(e.g., a second actuating axis) and an actuating axis43(e.g., a first actuating axis). The signal includes the driving signal462and the driving signal463(e.g., a second driving signal and a first driving signal). In this embodiment, assuming that the optical axis OA of the image light beam is parallel to the Z-axis direction, then the actuating axis42may be parallel to the X-axis direction, the actuating axis43may be parallel to the Y-axis direction, and the actuating axis41may be parallel to the W direction, where the W direction may be parallel to the angle bisector between the negative X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction (or the angle bisector between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction). In other words, the actuating axis42may be perpendicular to the actuating axis43, and the actuating axis41may extend along the angle bisector between the actuating axis42and the actuating axis43.

Specifically, a driving assembly451(e.g., a third driving assembly) may be disposed between the base411and the frame body421. The controller40may control the driving assembly451to drive the frame body421by the driving signal461(e.g., the third driving signal), such that the optical element431reciprocally swings relative to the base411based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis41, the image light beam passing through the optical element431may be transmitted to an imaginary plane490to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane490, and the movement trajectory of the light spot is similar to the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane230ofFIG.2B. The number of driving assemblies451may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies451is two, the two driving assemblies451may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the actuating axis41.

On the other hand, the at least one driving assembly between the base412and the frame body420may include a driving assembly452(e.g., a second driving assembly) disposed between the base412and the moving frame422. The controller40may control the driving assembly452to drive the moving frame422by the driving signal462(e.g., the second driving signal), such that the optical element432reciprocally swings relative to the base412based on the actuating axis42. The at least one driving assembly between the base412and the frame body420may also include a driving assembly453(e.g., a first driving assembly) disposed between the moving frame422and the moving frame423. The controller40may control the driving assembly453to drive the moving frame423by the driving signal463(e.g., the first driving signal), such that the optical element432reciprocally swings relative to the base412based on the actuating axis43. When the optical element432reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis42and the actuating axis43, the image light beam passing through the optical element432may be transmitted to the imaginary plane490to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane490, and the movement trajectory of the light spot is similar to the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane330ofFIG.3B.

The image light beam may be transmitted to the imaginary plane490by the optical element431and the optical element432and form a light spot on the imaginary plane490. When the optical element431reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis41and the optical element432reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis42and the actuating axis43, the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane490is similar to an overlap of the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane230and the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane330. The image light beam passing through the optical element431and the optical element432may form a light spot on the imaginary plane490moving in a sequence from position1to position8. Accordingly, the moving light spot forms the pixel491.

In an embodiment, the driving assembly452may be disposed on the actuating axis43. The number of driving assemblies452may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies452is two, the two driving assemblies452may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the moving frame422. In an embodiment, the driving assembly453may be disposed on the actuating axis42. The number of driving assemblies453may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies453is two, the two driving assemblies453may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the moving frame423.

The driving signal462and the driving signal463may have a same frequency (e.g., a first frequency), and a phase difference between the driving signal462and the driving signal463may not be zero. For example, the phase difference between the driving signal462and the driving signal463may be 90 degrees. The frequency of the driving signal462(or the driving signal463) may be different from a frequency (e.g., a second frequency) of the driving signal461. The frequency of the driving signal462(or the driving signal463) may be an integer multiple of the frequency of the driving signal461. As shown inFIG.4C, the frequency of the driving signal462(or the driving signal463) may be 2 times the frequency of the driving signal461.

A time interval465may be one period for generating the pixel491. Taking the time interval465as an example, at time point t1, the driving signal461changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis41in a clockwise direction). When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line492. The axial line492may be a projection of the actuating axis41on the imaginary plane490, and the axial line492may be parallel to the W direction. The driving signal462changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis42in a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line472. The axial line472may be an axial line on the imaginary plane490relative to the actuating axis42when the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. The driving signal463maintained at a high potential may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing based on the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of an axial line473. The axial line473may be an axial line on the imaginary plane490relative to the actuating axis43when the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. Based on the above, at time point t1, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position1.

At time point t2, the driving signal461is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal461may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along a radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal462may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along a radial direction of the axial line472. The driving signal463changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis43in a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the X-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line473. Based on the above, at time point t2, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position2.

At time point t3, the driving signal461is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal461may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line472. The driving signal463is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal463may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line473. Based on the above, at time point t3, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position3.

At time point t4, the driving signal461is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal461may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal462may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line472. The driving signal463changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line473. Based on the above, at time point t4, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position4.

At time point t5, the driving signal461changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line482. The axial line482may be an axial line on the imaginary plane490relative to the actuating axis42when the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. The driving signal463is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal463may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of an axial line483. The axial line483may be an axial line on the imaginary plane490relative to the actuating axis43when the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. Based on the above, at time point t5, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position5.

At time point t6, the driving signal461is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal461may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal462may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along a radial direction of the axial line482. The driving signal463changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43. When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the positive X-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line483. Based on the above, at time point t6, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position6.

At time point t7, the driving signal461is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal461may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line482. The driving signal463is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal463may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line483. Based on the above, at time point t7, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position7.

At time point t8, the driving signal461is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal461may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal462may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line482. The driving signal463changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line483. Based on the above, at time point t8, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move to and stay at position8.

At time point t9, the driving signal461changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line492. The driving signal462changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line472. The driving signal463is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal463may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may not move along the radial direction of the axial line473. Based on the above, at time point t9, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may return to position1.

The controller40(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D) may adjust the swing angle of the frame body421or the swing angle of the frame body420during swinging by at least one driving assembly, thereby changing the appearance of the pixel491.FIG.5Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel491according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel491. Since position2and position8are overlapped, position2is not shown inFIG.5A. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.5A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.4Bfor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be √{square root over (2)} times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane490to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane490, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a third radial direction) of the axial line492corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be if times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a second radial direction) of the axial line472(or the axial line482) corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line492corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a first radial direction) of the axial line473(or the axial line483) corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.6Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel491according to another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel491. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.6A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.4Bfor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane490to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane490, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line492corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction) of the axial line472(or the axial line482) corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line492corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the first radial direction) of the axial line473(or the axial line483) corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.7Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel491according to yet another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane490may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel491. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.7A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.4Bfor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be 2√{square root over (2)} times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane490to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane490, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line492corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2√{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction) of the axial line472(or the axial line482) corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line492corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2√{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the first radial direction) of the axial line473(or the axial line483) corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.5Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels491corresponding to FIG.5A.FIG.6Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels491corresponding toFIG.6A.FIG.7Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels491corresponding toFIG.7A. According toFIG.5B,FIG.6B, andFIG.7B, the layout generated by the plurality of pixels491shown inFIG.6Bcan have a greater pixel density.

FIG.8Ais a schematic diagram of a pixel891corresponding to the actuator400ofFIG.4A.FIG.8Bis a schematic diagram of driving signals861,862and863corresponding to the actuator400ofFIG.4A. The driving signal861(or the driving signals862,863) is, for example, an analog signal or a digital signal. With reference toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D,FIG.4A,FIG.8A, andFIG.8B, in this embodiment, the driving signal861(e.g., a third driving signal) may be configured to control the driving assembly451to drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis41. The driving signal862(e.g., a second driving signal) may be configured to control the driving assembly452to drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis42. The driving signal863(e.g., a first driving signal) may be configured to control the driving assembly453to drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis43. The driving signal862and the driving signal863may have a same frequency (e.g., a first frequency), and a phase difference between the driving signal862and the driving signal863may not be zero. For example, the phase difference between the driving signal862and the driving signal863may be 90 degrees. A frequency (e.g., a second frequency) of the driving signal861may be different from the frequency of the driving signal862(or the driving signal863). The frequency of the driving signal861may be an integer multiple of the frequency of the driving signal862(or the driving signal863). As shown inFIG.8B, the frequency of the driving signal861may be 4 times the frequency of the driving signal862(or the driving signal863).

A time interval865may be one period for generating the pixel891. Take the time interval865as an example, at time point t1, the driving signal862changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis42in a clockwise direction). When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on an imaginary plane890may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line820. The axial line820may be a projection of the actuating axis42on the imaginary plane890, and the axial line820may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal863maintained at a high potential may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing based on the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of an axial line830. The axial line830may be a projection of the actuating axis43on the imaginary plane890, and the axial line830may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. The driving signal861changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis41in a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line811. The axial line811may be an axial line on the imaginary plane890relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42and the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t1, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position1.

During the time interval865, at time point t2, the driving signal862is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal862may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along a radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal863may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along a radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line811. Based on the above, at time point t2, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position2.

At time point t3, the driving signal862is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal862may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis43in a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line812. The axial line812may be an axial line on the imaginary plane890relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42and the negative direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t3, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position3.

At time point t4, the driving signal862is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal862may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal863may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line812. Based on the above, at time point t4, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position4.

At time point t5, the driving signal862changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal863may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line813. The axial line813may be a projection of the optical element431on the imaginary plane890relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42and the negative direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t5, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position5.

At time point t6, the driving signal862is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal862may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal863may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line813. Based on the above, at time point t6, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position6.

At time point t7, the driving signal862is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal862may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line814. The axial line814may be an axial line on the imaginary plane890relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42and the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t7, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position7.

At time point t8, the driving signal862is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal862may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal863may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line814. Based on the above, at time point t8, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move to and stay at position8.

At time point t9, the driving signal862changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line820. The driving signal863is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal863may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may not move along the radial direction of the axial line830. The driving signal861changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line811. Based on the above, at time point t9, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may return to position1.

The controller40(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D) may adjust the swing angle of the frame body421or the swing angle of the frame body420during swinging by at least one driving assembly, thereby changing the appearance of the pixel891.FIG.9Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel891according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel891. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.9A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.8Afor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be √{square root over (2)} times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane890to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane890, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a third radial direction) of the axial line811(or the axial line812, the axial line813, and the axial line814) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a second radial direction) of the axial line820corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line811(or the axial line812, the axial line813, and the axial line814) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a first radial direction) of the axial line830corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.10Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel891according to still another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel891. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.10A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.8Afor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane890to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane890, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line811(or the axial line812, the axial line813, and the axial line814) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction) of the axial line820corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line811(or the axial line812, the axial line813, and the axial line814) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the first radial direction) of the axial line830corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.11Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel891according to yet another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane890may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel891. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.11A(reference may be made toFIGS.4A and8Afor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be 2√{square root over (2)} times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane890to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane890, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line811(or the axial line812, the axial line813, and the axial line814) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2√{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction) of the axial line820corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line811(or the axial line812, the axial line813, and the axial line814) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2√{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the first radial direction) of the axial line830corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.9Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels891corresponding toFIG.9A.FIG.10Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels891corresponding toFIG.10A.FIG.11Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels891corresponding toFIG.11A. According toFIG.9B,FIG.10B, andFIG.11B, the layout generated by the plurality of pixels891as shown inFIG.10Bcan have a greater pixel density.

FIG.12Ais a schematic diagram of a pixel1291corresponding to the actuator400ofFIG.4A.FIG.12Bis a schematic diagram of driving signals1261,1262, and1263corresponding to the actuator400ofFIG.4A. The driving signal1261(or the driving signals1262,1263) is, for example, an analog signal or a digital signal. With reference toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D,FIG.4A,FIG.12A, andFIG.12B, in this embodiment, the driving signal1261(e.g., a third driving signal) may be configured to control the driving assembly451to drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis41. The driving signal1262(e.g., a second driving signal) may be configured to control the driving assembly452to drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis42. The driving signal1263(e.g., a first driving signal) may be configured to control the driving assembly453to drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis43. The driving signal1262and the driving signal1263may have a same frequency (e.g., a first frequency), and a phase difference between the driving signal1262and the driving signal1263may not be zero. For example, the phase difference between the driving signal1262and the driving signal1263may be 90 degrees. A frequency (e.g., a second frequency) of the driving signal1261may be different from the frequency of the driving signal1262(or the driving signal1263). The frequency of the driving signal1261may be an integer multiple of the frequency of the driving signal1262(or the driving signal1263). As shown inFIG.12B, the frequency of the driving signal1261may be 2 times the frequency of the driving signal1262(or the driving signal1263).

A time interval1265may be one period for generating the pixel1291. Taking the time interval1265as an example, at time point t1, the driving signal1262changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis42in a clockwise direction). When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on an imaginary plane1290may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of an axial line1220. The axial line1220may be a projection of the actuating axis42on the imaginary plane1290, and the axial line1220may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal1263maintained at a high potential may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing based on the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of an axial line1230. The axial line1230may be a projection of the actuating axis43on the imaginary plane1290, and the axial line1230may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. The driving signal1261maintained at a high potential may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing based on the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of an axial line1211. The axial line1211may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1290relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42and the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t1, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position1.

During the time interval1265, at time point t2, the driving signal1262is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1262may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along a radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1263may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along a radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis41in a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line1211. Based on the above, at time point t2, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position2.

At time point t3, the driving signal1262is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1262may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis43in a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1261may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of an axial line1212. The axial line1212may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1290relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42and the negative direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t3, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position3.

At time point t4, the driving signal1262is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1262may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1263may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line1212. Based on the above, at time point t4, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position4.

At time point t5, the driving signal1262changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1263may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1261may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of an axial line1213. The axial line1213may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1290relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42and the negative direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t5, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position5.

At time point t6, the driving signal1262is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1262may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1263may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line1213. Based on the above, at time point t6, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position6.

At time point t7, the driving signal1262is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1262may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis43, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1261may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of an axial line1214. The axial line1214may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1290relative to the actuating axis41when the optical element432swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis42and the positive direction based on the actuating axis43. Based on the above, at time point t7, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position7.

At time point t8, the driving signal1262is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1262may not drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis42. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1263may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41. When the optical element431swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis41, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the negative X-axis direction and the negative Y-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line1214. Based on the above, at time point t8, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move to and stay at position8.

At time point t9, the driving signal1262changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame422, such that the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42. When the optical element432swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis42, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1220. The driving signal1263is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1263may not drive the moving frame423, such that the optical element432does not swing around the actuating axis43. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1230. The driving signal1261is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1261may not drive the frame body421, such that the optical element431does not swing around the actuating axis41. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1211. Based on the above, at time point t9, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may return to position1.

The controller40(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D) may adjust the swing angle of the frame body421or the swing angle of the frame body420during swinging by at least one driving assembly, thereby changing the appearance of the pixel1291.FIG.13Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel1291according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel1291. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.13A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.12Afor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be √{square root over (2)} times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane1290to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1290, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a third radial direction) of the axial line1211(or the axial line1212, the axial line1213, the axial line1214) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a second radial direction) of the axial line1220corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line1211(or the axial line1212, the axial line1213, and the axial line1214) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a first radial direction) of the axial line1230corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.14Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel1291according to still another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel1291. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.14A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.12Afor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane1290to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1290, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line1211(or the axial line1212, the axial line1213, the axial line1214) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction) of the axial line1220corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line1211(or the axial line1212, the axial line1213, and the axial line1214) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be √{square root over (2)}/2 times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the first radial direction) of the axial line1230corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.15Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel1291according to yet another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1290may move in a sequence from position1to position8, thereby forming the pixel1291. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.15A(reference may be made toFIG.4AandFIG.12Afor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis41may be 2√{square root over (2)} times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis42may be the same as the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis43. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element431and the optical element432reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane1290to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1290, a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line1211(or the axial line1212, the axial line1213, the axial line1214) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2√{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction) of the axial line1220corresponding to the actuating axis42(e.g., the second actuating axis). In addition, the displacement (e.g., the third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the third radial direction) of the axial line1211(or the axial line1212, the axial line1213, and the axial line1214) corresponding to the actuating axis41(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2√{square root over (2)} times a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the first radial direction) of the axial line1230corresponding to the actuating axis43(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.13Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels1291corresponding toFIG.13A.FIG.14Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels1291corresponding to FIG.14A.FIG.15Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels1291corresponding toFIG.15A. According toFIG.13B,FIG.14B, andFIG.15B, the layout generated by the plurality of pixels1291as shown inFIG.14Bcan have a greater pixel density.

According to the embodiments of the disclosure shown inFIG.4AtoFIG.15B, in the actuator400having three axes, by various ways of driving described above, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary planes490,890, and1290may move between 8 positions to respectively form the pixels491,891, and1291. Compared with the comparative example ofFIG.2A,FIG.2B, andFIG.2Cand the comparative example ofFIG.3A,FIG.3B, andFIG.3C, the resolution of the image light beam can be further increased.

With reference back toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D, the actuator150inFIG.1AtoFIG.1Dis, for example, an actuator600having four axes inFIG.16A. In other words, the actuator600ofFIG.16Amay be applied to any one of the projection device100A ofFIG.1Ato the projection device100D ofFIG.1D. Alternatively, part of the actuator600ofFIG.16Amay also be disposed in the projection lens140ofFIG.1A,FIG.1C, orFIG.1D. The frame body151of the actuator150is, for example, a frame body620(e.g., a first frame body) of the actuator600, and the frame body152of the actuator150is, for example, a frame body610(e.g., a second frame body) of the actuator600.FIG.16Ais a perspective view showing the actuator600having four axes according to an embodiment of the disclosure.FIG.16Bis a schematic diagram of a pixel1691corresponding to the actuator600ofFIG.16A.FIG.16Cis a schematic diagram of driving signals1661,1662,1663, and1664corresponding to the actuator600ofFIG.16A. The driving signal1661(or the driving signals1662,1663,1664) is, for example, an analog signal or a digital signal. Reference may be toFIG.1AtoFIG.1D,FIG.16A,FIG.16B, andFIG.16C.

The actuator600may include a base1611(e.g., a second base), a base1612(e.g., a first base), and a controller160(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D). The actuator600may also include the frame body610(e.g., the second frame body) and an optical element1631(e.g., a second optical element) corresponding to the base1611. The frame body610may be disposed in the base1611, and the optical element1631may be disposed in the frame body610. The frame body610may be connected to the base1611through a rotating shaft1641. The frame body610may include a moving frame1621(e.g., a fourth moving frame) and a moving frame1622(e.g., a third moving frame). The moving frame1621may be disposed in the base1611, and may be connected to the base1611through the rotating shaft1641. The moving frame1622may be disposed in the moving frame1621, and may be connected to the moving frame1621through a rotating shaft1642. The optical element1631may be disposed in the moving frame1622. On the other hand, the actuator600may also include the frame body620(e.g., the first frame body) and an optical element1632(e.g., a first optical element) corresponding to the base1612. The frame body620may be disposed in the base1612, and the optical element1632may be disposed in the frame body620. The frame body620may be connected to the base1612through a rotating shaft1643. The frame body620may include a moving frame1623(e.g., a second moving frame) and a moving frame1624(e.g., a first moving frame). The moving frame1623may be disposed in the base1612, and may be connected to the base1612through the rotating shaft1643. The moving frame1624may be disposed in the moving frame1623, and may be connected to the moving frame1623through a rotating shaft1644. The optical element1632may be disposed in the moving frame1624. The optical element1631and the optical element1632may are disposed on the optical axis OA of the image light beam. In an embodiment, the optical element1631(or the optical element1632) may be configured such that the normal of the center point of the optical element1631(or the optical element1632) coincides with the optical axis OA of the image light beam. In other words, the frame body610and the frame body620may be overlapped along the direction of the optical axis OA of the image light beam, such that the optical element1631and the optical element1632may be overlapped along the direction of the optical axis OA of the image light beam.

The actuator600may also include at least one driving assembly disposed between the base1611and the frame body610. The at least one driving assembly is, for example, a voice coil motor or a piezoelectric material. The controller160(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D) may be coupled to the at least one driving assembly, and may be configured to control the at least one driving assembly to drive the frame body610by a signal (e.g., a second signal), such that the optical element1631reciprocally swings relative to the base1611based on an actuating axis161(e.g., a fourth actuating axis) and an actuating axis162(e.g., a third actuating axis). The signal includes the driving signal1661and the driving signal1662(e.g., a fourth driving signal and a third driving signal). On the other hand, the actuator600may also include at least one driving assembly disposed between the base1612and the frame body620. The at least one driving assembly is, for example, a voice coil motor or a piezoelectric material. The controller160may be coupled to the at least one driving assembly, and may be configured to control the at least one driving assembly to drive the frame body620by a signal (e.g., a first signal), such that the optical element1632reciprocally swings relative to the base1612based on an actuating axis163(e.g., a second actuating axis) and an actuating axis164(e.g., a first actuating axis). The signal includes the driving signal1663and the driving signal1664(e.g., a second driving signal and a first driving signal). In this embodiment, assuming that the optical axis OA of the image light beam is parallel to the Z-axis direction, then the actuating axis161or the actuating axis163may be parallel to the X-axis direction, and the actuating axis162or the actuating axis164may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. In other words, the actuating axis161(or the actuating axis163) may be perpendicular to the actuating axis162(or the actuating axis164). The actuating axis161may coincide with the actuating axis163. The actuating axis162may coincide with the actuating axis164.

Specifically, the at least one driving assembly between the base1611and the frame body610may include a driving assembly1651(e.g., a fourth driving assembly) disposed between the base1611and the moving frame1621. The controller160may control the driving assembly1651to drive the moving frame1621by the driving signal1661(e.g., the fourth driving signal), such that the optical element1631reciprocally swings relative to the base1611based on the actuating axis161. The number of driving assemblies1651may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies1651is two, the two driving assemblies1651may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the moving frame1621. In addition, the at least one driving assembly between the base1611and the frame body610may also include a driving assembly1652(e.g., a third driving assembly) disposed between the moving frame1621and the moving frame1622. The controller160may control the driving assembly1652to drive the moving frame1622by the driving signal1662(e.g., the third driving signal), such that the optical element1631reciprocally swings relative to the base1611based on the actuating axis162. The number of driving assemblies1652may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies1652is two, the two driving assemblies1652may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the moving frame1622. When the optical element1631reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis161and the actuating axis162, the image light beam passing through the optical element1631may be transmitted to an imaginary plane1690to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1690, and the movement trajectory of the light spot is similar to the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane330ofFIG.3B. In an embodiment, the driving assembly1651may be disposed on the actuating axis162. The driving assembly1652may be disposed on the actuating axis161.

On the other hand, the at least one driving assembly between the base1612and the frame body620may include a driving assembly1653(e.g., a second driving assembly) disposed between the base1612and the moving frame1623. The controller160may control the driving assembly1653to drive the moving frame1623by the driving signal1663(e.g., the second driving signal), such that the optical element1632reciprocally swings relative to the base1612based on the actuating axis163. The number of driving assemblies1653may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies1653is two, the two driving assemblies1653may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the moving frame1623. In addition, the at least one driving assembly between the base1612and the frame body620may also include a driving assembly1654(e.g., a first driving assembly) disposed between the moving frame1623and the moving frame1624. The controller160may control the driving assembly1654to drive the moving frame1624by the driving signal1664(e.g., the first driving signal), such that the optical element1632reciprocally swings relative to the base1612based on the actuating axis164. The number of driving assemblies1654may be 1, 2, or N (where N is any positive integer). When the number of driving assemblies1654is two, the two driving assemblies1654may be respectively disposed on opposite sides of the moving frame1624. When the optical element1632reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis163and the actuating axis164, the image light beam passing through the optical element1632may be transmitted to the imaginary plane1690to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1690, and the movement trajectory of the light spot is similar to the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane330ofFIG.3B. In an embodiment, the driving assembly1653may be disposed on the actuating axis164. The driving assembly1654may be disposed on the actuating axis163.

The image light beam may be transmitted to the imaginary plane1690by the optical element1631and the optical element1632and form a light spot on the imaginary plane1690. When the optical element1631reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis161and the actuating axis162and the optical element1632reciprocally swings based on the actuating axis163and the actuating axis164, the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane1690is similar to an overlap of two movement trajectories same as the movement trajectory of the light spot in the imaginary plane330. The image light beam passing through the optical element1631and the optical element1632may form a light spot on the imaginary plane1690moving in a sequence from position1to position16. Accordingly, the moving light spot forms the pixel1691.

The driving signal1661and the driving signal1662may have a same frequency (e.g., a second frequency), and a phase difference between the driving signal1661and the driving signal1662may not be zero. For example, the phase difference between the driving signal1661and the driving signal1662may be 90 degrees. The driving signal1663and the driving signal1664may have a same frequency (e.g., a first frequency), and a phase difference between the driving signal1663and the driving signal1664may not be zero. For example, the phase difference between the driving signal1663and the driving signal1664may be 90 degrees. The frequency (e.g., the second frequency) of the driving signal1661(or the driving signal1662) may be different from the frequency (e.g., the first frequency) of the driving signal1663(or the driving signal1664). In an embodiment, the frequency of the driving signal1661(or the driving signal1662) may be an integer multiple of the frequency of the driving signal1663(or the driving signal1664). For example, the frequency of the driving signal1661(or the driving signal1662) may be 4 times the frequency of the driving signal1663(or the driving signal1664). In another embodiment, the frequency of the driving signal1663(or the driving signal1664) may be an integer multiple of the frequency of the driving signal1661(or the driving signal1662). For example, the frequency of the driving signal1663(or the driving signal1664) may be 4 times the frequency of the driving signal1661(or the driving signal1662), as shown inFIG.16C.

A time interval1665may be one period for generating the pixel1691. Taking the time interval1665as an example, at time point t1, the driving signal1661changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631swings in a positive direction based on the actuating axis161(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis161along a clockwise direction). When the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of an axial line1670. The axial line1670may be a projection of the actuating axis161on the imaginary plane1690, and the axial line1670may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal1662maintained at a high potential may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing based on the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of an axial line1680. The axial line1680may be a projection of the actuating axis162on the imaginary plane1690, and the axial line1680may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. The driving signal1663changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis163along a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of an axial line71. The axial line71may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis163when the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161and the positive direction based on the actuating axis162. The axial line71may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal1664maintained at a high potential may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing based on the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of an axial line72. The axial line72may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis164when the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161and the positive direction based on the actuating axis162. The axial line72may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. Based on the above, at time point t1, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position1.

At time point t2, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of the axial line71. The driving signal1664changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis164along a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the X-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line72. Based on the above, at time point t2, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position2.

At time point t3, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in a positive direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line71. The driving signal1664is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line72. Based on the above, at time point t3, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position3.

At time point t4, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line71. The driving signal1664changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in a positive direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line72. Based on the above, at time point t4, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position4.

At time point t5, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis162(may be regarded as rotating around the actuating axis162along a counterclockwise direction). When the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis162, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of an axial line73. The axial line73may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis163when the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161and the negative direction of the actuating axis162. The axial line73may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal1664is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of an axial line74. The axial line74may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis164when the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161and the negative direction of the actuating axis162. The axial line74may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. Based on the above, at time point t5, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position5.

At time point t6, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of the axial line73. The driving signal1664changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the X-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line74. Based on the above, at time point t6, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position6.

At time point t7, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line73. The driving signal1664is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line74. Based on the above, at time point t7, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position7.

At time point t8, the driving signal1661is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line73. The driving signal1664changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line74. Based on the above, at time point t8, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position8.

At time point t9, the driving signal1661changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis161. When the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis161, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of an axial line75. The axial line75may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis163when the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis161and the negative direction based on the actuating axis162. The axial line75may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal1664is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of an axial line76. The axial line76may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis164when the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis161and the negative direction based on the actuating axis162. The axial line76may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. Based on the above, at time point t9, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position9.

At time point t10, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of the axial line75. The driving signal1664changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the X-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line76. Based on the above, at time point t10, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position10.

At time point t11, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line75. The driving signal1664is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line76. Based on the above, at time point t11, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position11.

At time point t12, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line75. The driving signal1664changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line76. Based on the above, at time point t12, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position12.

At time point t13, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631swings in a positive direction based on the actuating axis162. When the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis162, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along a radial direction of an axial line77. The axial line77may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis163when the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis161and the positive direction of the actuating axis162. The axial line77may be parallel to the X-axis direction. The driving signal1664is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of an axial line78. The axial line78may be an axial line on the imaginary plane1690relative to the actuating axis164when the optical element1631swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis161and the positive direction of the actuating axis162. The axial line78may be parallel to the Y-axis direction. Based on the above, at time point t13, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position13.

At time point t14, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along a radial direction of the axial line77. The driving signal1664changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the X-axis direction along a radial direction of the axial line78. Based on the above, at time point t14, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position14.

At time point t15, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line77. The driving signal1664is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line78. Based on the above, at time point t15, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position15.

At time point t16, the driving signal1661is maintained at a low potential, so the driving signal1661may not drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis161. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1663may not drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis163. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line77. The driving signal1664changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164. When the optical element1632swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis164, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the negative X-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line78. Based on the above, at time point t16, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move to and stay at position16.

At time point t17, the driving signal1661changing from a low potential to a high potential may drive the moving frame1621, such that the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161. When the optical element1631swings in the positive direction based on the actuating axis161, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line1670. The driving signal1662is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1662may not drive the moving frame1622, such that the optical element1631does not swing around the actuating axis162. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line1680. The driving signal1663changing from a high potential to a low potential may drive the moving frame1623, such that the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163. When the optical element1632swings in the negative direction based on the actuating axis163, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in the Y-axis direction along the radial direction of the axial line71. The driving signal1664is maintained at a high potential, so the driving signal1664may not drive the moving frame1624, such that the optical element1632does not swing around the actuating axis164. Accordingly, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may not move along the radial direction of the axial line72. Based on the above, at time point t17, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may return to position1.

The controller160(shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D) may adjust the swing angle of the frame body610or the swing angle of the frame body620during swinging by at least one driving assembly, thereby changing the appearance of the pixel1691.FIG.17Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel1691according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in a sequence from position1to position16, thereby forming the pixel1691. Since position2and position5are overlapped; position4and position13are overlapped, position7and position10are overlapped; position3, position8, position9, and position14are overlapped; and position12and position15are overlapped, position2, position3, position4, position7, position8, position9, and position12are not show inFIG.17A. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.17A(reference may be made toFIG.16AandFIG.16Bfor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis161, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis162, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis163, and the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis164may be the same. Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element1631and the optical element1632reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane1690to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1690, a displacement (e.g., a fourth displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a fourth radial direction) of the axial line1670corresponding to the actuating axis161(e.g., the fourth actuating axis), a displacement (e.g., a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a third radial direction) of the axial line1680corresponding to the actuating axis162(e.g., the third actuating axis), a displacement (e.g., a second displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a second radial direction) of the axial line71(or the axial line73, the axial line75, or the axial line77) corresponding to the actuating axis163(e.g., the second actuating axis), and a displacement (e.g., a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., a first radial direction) of the axial line72(or the axial line74, the axial line76, or the axial line78) corresponding to the actuating axis164(e.g., the first actuating axis) may be the same.

FIG.18Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel1691according to still another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in a sequence from position1to position16, thereby forming the pixel1691. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.18A(reference may be made toFIG.16AandFIG.16Bfor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis161(or the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis162) may be 2 times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis163(or the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis164). Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element1631and the optical element1632reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane1690to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1690, a displacement (e.g., a fourth displacement or a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the fourth radial direction or the third radial direction) of the axial line1670corresponding to the actuating axis161(e.g., the fourth actuating axis) or the axial line1680corresponding to the actuating axis162(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be 2 times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement or a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction or the first radial direction) of the axial line71(or the axial line73, the axial line75, or the axial line77) corresponding to the actuating axis163(e.g., the second actuating axis) or the axial line72(or the axial line74, the axial line76, the axial line78) corresponding to the actuating axis164(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.19Ais a schematic diagram showing a pixel1691according to yet another embodiment of the disclosure. The light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move in a sequence from position1to position16, thereby forming the pixel1691. On the basis of the pixel ofFIG.19A(reference may be made toFIG.16AandFIG.16Bfor other reference numerals), in this embodiment, the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis161(or the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis162) may be ½ times the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis163(or the swing angle corresponding to the actuating axis164). Therefore, when an image light beam passes through the optical element1631and the optical element1632reciprocally swinging and is transmitted to the imaginary plane1690to form a light spot moving on the imaginary plane1690, a displacement (e.g., a fourth displacement or a third displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the fourth radial direction or the third radial direction) of the axial line1670corresponding to the actuating axis161(e.g., the fourth actuating axis) or the axial line1680corresponding to the actuating axis162(e.g., the third actuating axis) may be ½ times a displacement (e.g., a second displacement or a first displacement) of the light spot in the radial direction (e.g., the second radial direction or the first radial direction) of the axial line71(or the axial line73, the axial line75, or the axial line77) corresponding to the actuating axis163(e.g., the second actuating axis) or the axial line72(or the axial line74, the axial line76, the axial line78) corresponding to the actuating axis164(e.g., the first actuating axis).

FIG.17Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels1691corresponding toFIG.17A.FIG.18Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels1691corresponding toFIG.18A.FIG.19Bis a diagram showing layout of a plurality of pixels1691corresponding toFIG.19A. According toFIG.17B,FIG.18B, andFIG.19B, the layout generated by the plurality of pixels1691as shown inFIG.18Bcan have a greater pixel density.

According to the embodiments of the disclosure shown inFIG.16AtoFIG.19B, in the actuator600having four axes, by various ways of driving described above, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane1690may move between 16 positions to form the pixel1691. Compared with the comparative example ofFIG.2A,FIG.2B, andFIG.2Cand the comparative example ofFIG.3A,FIG.3B, andFIG.3C, the resolution of the image light beam can be further increased.

FIG.20is a flowchart of a projection method according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The projection method may be implemented by the actuator150shown inFIG.1AtoFIG.1D, the actuator400shown inFIG.4A, or the actuator600shown inFIG.16A. In step S221, a first frame body is disposed in a first base, a first optical element is disposed in the first frame body, at least one first driving assembly is disposed between the first base and the first frame body, a second frame body is disposed in a second base, a second optical element is disposed in the second frame body, and at least one second driving assembly is disposed between the second base and the second frame body. In step S223, the at least one first driving assembly is controlled to drive the first frame body by a first signal, such that the first optical element reciprocally swings relative to the first base based on a first actuating axis and a second actuating axis, and the at least one second driving assembly is controlled to drive the second frame body by a second signal, such that the second optical element reciprocally swings relative to the second base based on a third actuating axis. The first signal includes a first driving signal corresponding to the first actuating axis and a second driving signal corresponding to the second actuating axis, and the second signal includes a third driving signal corresponding to the third actuating axis. The first driving signal and the second driving signal have a first frequency, and the third driving signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. A phase difference between the first driving signal and the second driving signal is not equal to zero.

In summary of the foregoing, in the disclosure, the two frame bodies of the actuator may be respectively disposed in the projection device, and the two frame bodies are actuated based on at least three actuating axes. The actuator may control the optical element in each frame body to reciprocally swing based on each actuating axis according to the corresponding driving frequency. The light beam passing through the two optical elements generates a light spot moving along a fixed path on the imaginary plane, thereby forming a pixel. Compared with the conventional actuator, the actuator of the disclosure includes more actuating axes. Therefore, in the disclosure, the light spot formed by the image light beam on the imaginary plane may move between more positions, further increasing the resolution of the projection device. The actuator may generate a pixel in a specific shape by configuring the driving frequency of each actuating axis. The user may adjust the driving frequency of the actuator according to the pixel layout requirements. Accordingly the shape of the pixel may be adjusted to help increase the pixel density.