Image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus transfers a first image including a first toner not containing a metal pigment onto a specific medium having a smoothness of 112 seconds or smaller, fixes the first image for use as a base coat onto the specific medium, and transfers and fixes a second image including a second toner containing a metal pigment onto the base coat fixed onto the specific medium.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-034677 filed Feb. 25, 2016.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present invention relates to image forming apparatuses.

SUMMARY

An image forming apparatus according to an aspect transfers a first image including a first toner not containing a metal pigment onto a specific medium having a smoothness of 112 seconds or smaller, fixes the first image for use as a base coat onto the specific medium, and transfers and fixes a second image including a second toner containing a metal pigment onto the base coat fixed onto the specific medium.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Now, exemplary embodiments of the invention (first to fifth exemplary embodiments) are described below. Throughout the description of the exemplary embodiments, directions denoted with arrow X and arrow −X in the drawings represent an apparatus width direction. Directions denoted with arrow Y and arrow −Y in the drawings represent an apparatus height direction. Directions (directions denoted with arrow Z and arrow −Z) perpendicular to the apparatus width direction and the apparatus height direction represent an apparatus depth direction.

First Exemplary Embodiment

Referring now to the drawings, a first exemplary embodiment is described below. First, a configuration of an image forming apparatus10(seeFIG. 1) according to this exemplary embodiment is described. Subsequently, an image forming operation of the image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment is described. Thereafter, operation effects of this exemplary embodiment are described.

Configuration of Image Forming Apparatus

Referring now to the drawings, a configuration of the image forming apparatus10is described below. Unless otherwise noted, the following description is accompanied with reference toFIG. 1. The image forming apparatus10is an electrophotographic apparatus including a toner-image forming portion20, a transfer device30, a transporting device40, a fixing device50, and a controller60.

The toner-image forming portion20has a function of forming toner images on each of monochrome units21of the toner-image forming portion20, described below, by performing a charging process, a light exposure process, and a developing process. After the toner-image forming portion20is described, a toner TG(seeFIG. 2), toners TY, TM, TC, and TK(seeFIG. 3A), and a toner TCL(seeFIG. 3B) used by the toner-image forming portion20are also described herein.

The toner-image forming portion20includes, for example, monochrome units21G,21Y,21M,21C,21K, and21CL, which form toner images of different colors (silver (G), yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), black (K), clear (CL)) on respective photoconductors22, described below. The monochrome units21G,21Y,21M,21C,21K, and21CL are arranged in this order from the X side to −X side in the apparatus width direction. The monochrome units21G,21Y,21M,21C,21K, and21CL have the same configuration except that they use different toners, that is, a toner TG(seeFIG. 2), toners TY, TM, TC, and TK(seeFIG. 3A), and a toner TCL(seeFIG. 3B). In the following description and the drawings, unless the monochrome units21G,21Y,21M,21C,21K, and21CL and their components need to be distinguished from one another, letters (G, Y, M, C, K, and CL) suffixed to the reference symbols of the monochrome units21G,21Y,21M,21C,21K, and21CL and the toners TG, TY, TM, TC, TK, and TCLare omitted in the description.

Each monochrome unit21includes a cylindrical photoconductor22, a charging device24, an exposure device26, and a development device28. The charging device24charges the photoconductor22with electricity. The exposure device26exposes the photoconductor22to light (to form a latent image on the photoconductor22). The development device28develops a toner image. In the drawings, the reference symbols of components of the monochrome units21other than the monochrome unit21CL are omitted.

Description of Toners

Toner TG

When toner particles constituting the toner TGare designated as toner particles MTP, each toner particle MTP contains a metal pigment piece MP and a binder BD1, as illustrated inFIG. 2. Specifically, the toner TG(or toner particle MTP constituting the toner TG) contains metal pigment pieces. Here, the toner TGis an example of a second toner. The binder BD1covers each metal pigment piece MP. Each metal pigment piece MP according to this exemplary embodiment has, for example, a flat shape. Specifically, the metal pigment piece MP has, for example, a long-axis length L within a range of, for example, from 5 μm to 12 μm, and a thickness D within a range of, for example, from 0.01 μm to 0.5 μm. Here, the long-axis length L represents a length of a longest portion of the metal pigment piece MP when the metal pigment piece MP is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal pigment piece MP. The toner particle MTP according to this exemplary embodiment has a flat shape as an example.

When the toner particles constituting the toners TY, TM, TC, and TKare designated as toner particles NTP, each toner particle NTP contains, for example, resin pigment pieces RP and a binder BD2, as illustrated inFIG. 3A. Specifically, the toners TY, TM, TC, and TK(or the toner particles NTP constituting the toners TY, TM, TC, and TK) do not contain a metal pigment. Each resin pigment piece RP according to this exemplary embodiment is non-flat. Specifically, in each toner particle NTP according to this exemplary embodiment, each resin pigment RP has a long-axis length/thickness ratio of, for example, smaller than 10 and the toner particle NTP has a long-axis length/thickness ratio of, for example, smaller than 2.3. The toner particle NTP according to this exemplary embodiment has, for example, a roundness of 0.90 or greater when projected on a plane. Specifically, the toner particle NTP according to this exemplary embodiment has, for example, a non-flat shape. Here, the resin pigment pieces RP contained in the respective toners TY, TM, TC, and TKhave different colors.

Toner TCL

When the toner particles constituting the toner TCLare designated as toner particles CLTP, each toner particle CLTP contains, for example, a binder BD3, as illustrated inFIG. 3B. Specifically, the toner TCL(or the toner particle CLTP constituting the toner TCL) does not contain a metal pigment. Here, the toner TCLis an example of a first toner. The toner particle CLTP according to this exemplary embodiment has, for example, a non-flat shape.

Transfer Device

The transfer device30has a function of first-transferring toner images of respective colors formed on the photoconductors22of the monochrome units21onto a belt TB, described below, and second-transferring the toner images onto a medium P transported by the transporting device40. The transfer device30includes a belt TB, a driving roller32, multiple first transfer rollers34, and a second transfer unit36. The belt TB is an endless belt and is wound around the driving roller32to rotate in the direction of arrow A. Each first transfer roller34forms a nip at a portion of the belt TB by nipping the portion of the belt TB together with the photoconductor22of the corresponding monochrome unit21and first-transfers the toner image of the corresponding color formed on the photoconductor22onto the belt TB. The second transfer unit36forms a nip at a portion of the belt TB by nipping the belt TB and second-transfers the first-transferred toner image to a medium P that has been transported to the nip by the transporting device40. In the following description, among toner images of various colors that have been first-transferred by the first transfer rollers34, the toner image formed with the toner TCLis designated as a first image IM1(seeFIG. 5B) and the toner image formed with the toner TGis designated as a second image IM2(seeFIG. 5D).

Transporting Device

The transporting device40has a function of transporting a medium P. The transporting device40includes a container unit42, multiple transport rollers44, and a switching device46.

The container unit42includes a first container42A and a second container42B, which are capable of separately accommodating different types of medium P. In this exemplary embodiment, the first container42A accommodates media P1and the second container42B accommodates media P2. The difference between the media P1and the media P2is described below. In the following description, unless the media P1and the media P2need not to be particularly distinguished from each other, they are collectively referred to as media P. The information that the containers42A and42B respectively accommodate the media P1and the media P2is stored in a storage device (not illustrated) included in the controller60as a result of, for example, a user inputting the information through an interface (not illustrated) of the image forming apparatus10.

The multiple transport rollers44feed media P accommodated in the containers42A and42B to a transport path (dot-dash line in the drawing) and transport the media P along the transport path. The directions of arrows B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6in the drawings denote the directions in which the transporting device40transports the media P. For example, in a special mode, described below, the multiple transport rollers44transport the media P fed from the container unit42in this order. Specifically, the multiple transport rollers44firstly transport a medium P in the direction of arrow B1from the container unit42to a second transfer unit36. The multiple transport rollers44then transport the medium P in the direction of arrow B2from the second transfer unit36to the fixing device50. The multiple transport rollers44then transport the medium P in the directions of arrows B3and B4from the fixing device50back to the second transfer unit36again. Thereafter, the multiple transport rollers44transport the medium P in the direction of arrow B5from the second transfer unit36to the fixing device50and then transport the medium P in the direction of arrow B6to eject the medium P out of the image forming apparatus10. Here, the speed at which the transporting device40transports a medium P is determined to be constant except when the medium P is fed from the container unit42.

Description on Medium

As described above, the first container42A accommodates media P1and the second container42B accommodates media P2. Here, the media P1are media having a smoothness of 112 seconds or smaller (for example, a J sheet manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.). The media P1here are an example of specific media. The media P2are media having a smoothness of greater than 112 seconds. The unevenness (property of being not smooth or roughness) of the surface of a medium P is said to increase with decreasing smoothness of the medium P. Specifically, in this exemplary embodiment, the media P1have a higher surface roughness than the surface roughness of the media P2. The smoothness of the media P1and the media P2is calculated in accordance with JIS 8155 (Paper and board-Determination of smoothness-Oken method).

Fixing Device

The fixing device50heats and presses a medium P that has been subjected to a second transfer by the transfer device30and transported thereto by the transporting device40to fix the toner images to the medium P. The fixing device50includes a heating portion50A and a pressing portion50B. Each of the heating portion50A and the pressing portion50B according to this exemplary embodiment includes, for example, a roller. The heating portion50A and the pressing portion50B form a nip as a result of coming into contact with each other so that the toner image is fixed to the medium P that passes through the nip.

Controller

The controller60has a function of controlling components other than the controller60constituting the image forming apparatus10(hereinafter these components are referred to as the components excluding the controller60). The function of the controller60is described in the description of the image forming operation.

The above is the description of the configuration of the image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment.

Image Forming Operation

Referring now toFIGS. 4, 5A to 5E, and 6A and 6B, the image forming operation is described below. The image forming operation according to this exemplary embodiment starts with a determination of whether the components excluding the controller60are to be operated in a normal mode or a special mode, described below, on the basis of image data that the controller60has received from an external device (not illustrated) (seeFIG. 4). The controller60then operates the components excluding the controller60to perform the image forming operation in the determined mode. In the following description, an algorithm used for determining the above-described mode is described first. Then, the image forming operation performed by the components excluding the controller60is described. Image data include data of types of medium P used for the image forming operation and toner images that are to be fixed to each medium P.

Algorithm Used for Determining Mode

As illustrated inFIG. 4, when the controller60receives image data and starts the image forming operation, the controller60determines in a determination step100(S100in the drawing) whether the medium P that is to be used is the medium P1. When the controller60makes a positive determination in the determination step100, the controller60proceeds to a determination of a determination step110(S110in the drawing). On the other hand, when the controller60makes a negative determination in the determination step100, the controller60operates the components excluding the controller60in accordance with a step120(S120in the drawing) and causes the components excluding the controller60to perform an image forming operation in a normal mode, described below.

When the controller60makes a positive determination in the determination step100and proceeds to the determination step110, the controller60determines whether the toner T that is to be used includes a toner TG, that is, whether the toner TGis to be used. When the controller60makes a positive determination in the determination step110, the controller60operates the components excluding the controller60in accordance with a step130(S130in the drawing) and causes the components excluding the controller60to perform an image forming operation in a special mode, described below. On the other hand, when the controller60makes a negative determination in the determination step110, the controller60operates the components excluding the controller60in accordance with the step120so that the components excluding the controller60perform an image forming operation in the normal mode. When the controller60finishes determining the mode in which the components excluding the controller60performs the image forming operation, the mode determination is complete.

The above is the description of the algorithm used for determining the mode.

Image Forming Operation Performed by Components Excluding Controller60

Subsequently, an image forming operation performed by the components excluding the controller60is described. The normal mode is described first and then the special mode is described. Unless otherwise noted, the image forming operation is described with reference toFIG. 1.

Normal Mode

The controller60that has determined so that the components excluding the controller60perform an image forming operation in the normal mode operates the components excluding the controller60so that the components excluding the controller60perform the image forming operation. The operation is specifically described below.

First, the controller60causes the monochrome units21to form toner images of different colors (a toner image of a single color in the case of a monochrome image) on the corresponding photoconductors22on the basis of the image data. Subsequently, the controller60causes the transfer device30to first-transfer the toner images of different colors on the photoconductors22to the belt TB. The toner images of different colors that have been first-transferred to the belt TB are rotated toward the second transfer unit36together with the belt TB. The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport a medium P accommodated in the container unit42in the direction of arrow B1to the second transfer unit36. Here, the controller60causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P such that the toner images of different colors on the belt TB arrive at the second transfer unit36at the same time as the medium P arrives at the second transfer unit36. Subsequently, the controller60causes the second transfer unit36to second-transfer the toner images of different colors on the belt TB onto the medium P. The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P on which the toner images have been second-transferred in the direction of arrow B2to the fixing device50. Thereafter, the controller60causes the fixing device50to fix the toner images that have been second-transferred to the medium P onto the medium P (to form images on the medium P). The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P on which the images have been formed in the direction of arrow B6. Then, the medium P2on which the images have been formed is transported by the transporting device40in the direction of arrow B6and ejected out of the image forming apparatus10. Thus, the image forming operation in the normal mode is complete.

The above is the description of the image forming operation in the normal mode.

Special Mode

The controller60that has determined so that the components excluding the controller60perform an image forming operation in the special mode operates the components excluding the controller60so that the components excluding the controller60perform the image forming operation. The following describes the case, for example, where an image (seeFIGS. 6A and 6B) of silver “ABC” is formed on a medium P1.

First, the controller60causes the monochrome unit21CL to form a toner image of a clear color (colorless toner image), that is, a first image IM1on the photoconductor22on the basis of the image data. The first image IM1has the same size and the same shape as a silver toner image that is to be formed later on the photoconductor22by the monochrome unit21G, that is, a second image IM2. Subsequently, the controller60causes the transfer device30to first-transfer the first image IM1on the photoconductor22of the monochrome unit21CL to the belt TB. The first image IM1that has been first-transferred to the belt TB is rotated toward the second transfer unit36together with the belt TB. The controller60causes the transporting device40to transport a medium P1accommodated in the first container42A in the direction of arrow B1to the second transfer unit36. Thereafter, the controller60causes the second transfer unit36to second-transfer the first image IM1on the belt TB to the medium P1(seeFIG. 5B). The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P1to which the first image IM1has been second-transferred in the direction of arrow B2toward the fixing device50. The controller60then causes the fixing device50to fix the first image IM1that has been second-transferred to the medium P1onto the medium P1(seeFIG. 5C). In this case, the controller60fixes the first image IM1for use as a base coat BS of the second image IM2, which is to be formed later. The medium P1to which the first image IM1has been fixed (medium P1on which the base coat BS has been formed) has a smoothness higher than the smoothness of a bare medium P1(fixing the first image IM1to the medium P1enhances the smoothness of the surface of the medium P1).

Subsequently, the controller60causes the multiple transport rollers44and the switching device46to transport the medium P1to which the first image IM1has been fixed in the direction of arrow B3. The controller60also causes the monochrome unit21G to form a second image IM2on the photoconductor22on the basis of the image data. Then, the controller60causes the transfer device30to first-transfer the second image IM2on the photoconductor22of the monochrome unit21G to the belt TB. The controller60then causes the second image IM2together with the belt TB to rotate toward the second transfer unit36. The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P1to which the first image IM1has been fixed in the direction of arrow B4to the second transfer unit36. The controller60then causes the second transfer unit36to second-transfer the first image IM1on the belt TB to the medium P1(seeFIG. 5B). Thereafter, the controller60causes the transporting device40to transport the first image IM1that has been second-transferred to the medium P1toward the fixing device50in the direction of arrow B2. The controller60then causes the fixing device50to fix the first image IM1to the medium P1.

The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P1to which the first image IM1has been fixed in the direction of arrow B4such that the first image IM1on the belt TB arrives at the second transfer unit36at the same time as the medium P1to which the first image IM1has been fixed arrives at the second transfer unit36. Subsequently, the controller60causes the second transfer unit36to second-transfer the second image IM2onto the medium P1to which the first image IM1has been fixed such that the second image IM2on the belt TB is superposed on the first image IM1fixed to the medium P1(seeFIG. 5D). The controller60then causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P to which the second image IM2has been second-transferred so as to be superposed on the fixed first image IM1in the direction of arrow B5to the fixing device50. The controller60then causes the fixing device50to fix the second image IM2that has been second-transferred to the medium P1onto the medium P1at a fixing temperature equivalent to the fixing temperature at which the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1(form an image IMG on the medium P1) (seeFIG. 5E). Then, the controller60causes the transporting device40to transport the medium P1on which the image IMG has been formed (seeFIGS. 6A and 6B) in the direction of arrow B6. The medium P1on which the image IMG has been formed is transported by the transporting device40in the direction of arrow B6and ejected out of the image forming apparatus10. Thus, the image forming operation in the special mode is complete.

As described above, in the case of the image forming apparatus10operated in the special mode, the controller60operates the components excluding the controller60so as to transfer and fix the second image IM2on the belt TB onto the colorless base coat BS fixed onto the medium P1(seeFIG. 5EandFIG. 6B).

The above is the description of the image forming operation in the special mode.

Operation Effects

Now, operation effects of this exemplary embodiment are described.

First Operation Effect

A first operation effect is an operation effect obtained, when an image IMG including the second image IM2is formed on the medium P1, by fixing the first image IM1onto the medium P1for use as the base coat BS and transferring and fixing the second image IM2onto the base coat BS. The first operation effect is described on the basis of evaluation results obtained by conducting an evaluation test, described below, in which this exemplary embodiment and comparative examples (first to fourth comparative examples), described below, are compared with one another. When components and the like the same as those used in this exemplary embodiment are used in each of the comparative examples, those components and the like are denoted with the same reference symbols although they may be unillustrated.

DESCRIPTION OF CONFIGURATIONS OF COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES

Referring now to the drawings, comparative examples are described below.

First Comparative Example

In a first comparative example, the image forming operation is performed in a normal mode, so called in this exemplary embodiment, when a medium P that is to be used is a medium P1and a toner T that is to be used includes a toner TG(seeFIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C). The first comparative example is similar to this exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Second Comparative Example

In a second comparative example, the image forming operation is performed in a first modification mode modeled after a special mode, so called in this exemplary embodiment, when a medium P that is to be used is a medium P1and a toner T that is to be used includes a toner TG(seeFIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D). Here, the first modification mode is a mode in which the first image IM1is transferred onto the medium P1without being fixed thereto, the second image IM2is transferred onto the first image IM1, and then the first image IM1and the second image IM2are fixed onto the medium P1(seeFIG. 8C). Specifically, in the second comparative example, the second image IM2is transferred onto the first image IM1before the first image IM1is fixed for use as the base coat BS. The second comparative example is similar to this exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Third Comparative Example

In a third comparative example, the image forming operation is performed in a second modification mode modeled after the special mode, so called in this exemplary embodiment, when a medium P that is to be used is a medium P1and a toner T that is to be used includes a toner TG(seeFIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, and 9E). Here, the second modification mode is a mode in which a second image IM2is firstly transferred and fixed to the medium P1(seeFIGS. 9B and 9C), and then the first image IM1is transferred and fixed onto the second image IM2fixed onto the medium P1(seeFIGS. 9D and 9E). The third comparative example is similar to this exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Fourth Comparative Example

In a fourth comparative example, the image forming operation is performed in a third modification mode modeled after the special mode, so called in this exemplary embodiment, when a medium P that is to be used is a medium P1and a toner T that is to be used includes a toner TG(seeFIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D). Here, the third modification mode is a mode in which the second image IM2is firstly transferred onto the medium P1without being fixed thereto (seeFIG. 10A), and then the first image IM1is transferred and fixed onto the second image IM2that has been transferred onto the medium P1(seeFIGS. 10C and 10D). The fourth comparative example is similar to this exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Description of Evaluation Test

The evaluation test is described now. In the evaluation test, each of the image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment and image forming apparatuses of the comparative examples (first to fourth comparative examples) forms a sample of a silver ABC image (seeFIGS. 6A and 6B) on a medium P1. Then, the metallic luster (Flop Index or F. I.) was measured at the image portion of each sample. Here, the metallic luster was measured in accordance with ASTM E2194.

Results of Evaluation Test and Consideration

The graph ofFIG. 11shows the measurement results of the luster of the samples formed by the image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment and the image forming apparatuses of the comparative examples (first to fourth comparative examples). According to the graph ofFIG. 11, the metallic luster of the sample formed by this exemplary embodiment is higher than the metallic luster of the samples formed by the comparative examples.

In consideration of the results of the evaluation test, the following phenomenon has conceivably occurred in this exemplary embodiment and each comparative example.

Specifically, in the cases of the first, third, and fourth comparative examples, the second image IM2is directly fixed to the medium P1. Thus, the toner TGis likely to be so oriented as to follow the shape of the surface of the bare medium P1when being fixed to the medium P1(when pressed and heated by the fixing device50). Thus, the image IMG has been conceivably formed in the state where the axes of the metal pigment pieces MP are oriented in various directions as illustrated inFIG. 7C,FIG. 9E, andFIG. 10D.

In the case of the second comparative example, the second image IM2is transferred onto the first image IM1that has not been fixed to the medium P1. Thus, while being fixed, the toner TGis likely to move easily together with the toner TCL. Thus, the image IMG has been conceivably formed in the state where the axes of the metal pigment pieces MP are oriented in various directions as illustrated inFIG. 8D.

On the other hand, in this exemplary embodiment, unlike the cases of the comparative examples, the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1for use as the base coat BS (seeFIG. 5C) and the second image IM2is transferred and fixed onto the base coat BS (seeFIGS. 5D and 5E) to form an image IMG including the second image IM2on the medium P1. The surface of the medium P1on which the base coat BS is formed thus becomes smoother than the surface of the bare medium P1. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, flat metal pigment pieces MP contained in the second image are fixed while being oriented so as to follow the shape of the surface smoother than the bare medium P1while being fixed. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the image IMG has been conceivably formed while the axes of the metal pigment pieces MP are oriented so as to follow the smooth surface, as illustrated inFIG. 5E.

The image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment is thus capable of forming images having a metallic luster higher than that of images formed by directly fixing to the medium P1a toner image including a toner containing metal pigment pieces having a flat shape.

The graph inFIG. 12shows the measurement results of the luster of samples formed on a different example of the medium P1, that is, Business 80 gsm (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) by the image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment and the image forming apparatus of the first comparative example. Here, Business 80 gsm has a smaller smoothness than the J sheet. The graph ofFIG. 12shows that the metallic luster of the sample according to this exemplary embodiment is higher than the metallic luster of the sample according to the first comparative example.

Second Operation Effect

A second operation effect is an operation effect obtained due to the base coat BS being colorless. The second operation effect is described through a comparison between this exemplary embodiment and a fifth comparative example (not illustrated), described below. When components and the like the same as those used in this exemplary embodiment are used in the fifth comparative example, those components and the like are denoted with the same reference symbols.

In the case of the fifth comparative example, the base coat BS is colored. Thus, in the case of the fifth comparative example, the color of the medium P1is not usable as the base color to form the image IMG. Nevertheless, the fifth comparative example has a first operation effect because, when an image IMG including the second image IM2is formed on the medium P1, the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1for use as the base coat BS and the second image IM2is then transferred and fixed onto the base coat BS. In other words, the fifth comparative example belongs to the technical scope of the present invention.

The image forming apparatus10according to this exemplary embodiment is, on the other hand, capable of using the color of the medium P1as a base color to form the image IMG.

The above is the description of the first exemplary embodiment.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

Now, an image forming apparatus according to a second exemplary embodiment (not illustrated) is described. The following describes a portion that differs between the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment and the image forming apparatus10according to the first exemplary embodiment (seeFIG. 1). When components and the like the same as those used in the first exemplary embodiment are used in this exemplary embodiment, those components and the like are denoted with the same reference symbols although they may be unillustrated.

Portion Different from First Exemplary Embodiment

In this exemplary embodiment, the fixing temperature at which the first image IM1is fixed in the special mode is higher than the fixing temperature at which the first image IM1is fixed in the normal mode. This exemplary embodiment is similar to the first exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Operation Effects

In this exemplary embodiment, the temperature at which the first image IM1is fixed in the special mode is higher than the temperature at which the first image IM1is fixed in the normal mode. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the surface of the base coat BS becomes smoother than in the case where the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1in the special mode at the fixing temperature equal to the fixing temperature at which the first image IM1is fixed in the normal mode. Thus, the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment is capable of forming images IMG having a metallic luster higher than that of images formed as a result of fixing the first image IM1onto the medium P1for use as the base coat BS at a fixing temperature that is lower than or equal to the fixing temperature at which only the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1.

Other operation effects of this exemplary embodiment are similar to those in the case of the first exemplary embodiment.

The above is the description of the second exemplary embodiment.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

Now, an image forming apparatus (not illustrated) according to a third exemplary embodiment is described. The following describes a portion that differs between the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment and the image forming apparatus10(seeFIG. 1) according to the first exemplary embodiment. When components and the like the same as those used in the first exemplary embodiment are used in this exemplary embodiment, those components and the like are denoted with the same reference symbols although they may be unillustrated.

Portion Different from First Exemplary Embodiment

In this exemplary embodiment, the fixing speed at which the first image IM1is fixed in the special mode is lower than the fixing speed at which the first image IM1is fixed in the normal mode. This exemplary embodiment is similar to the first exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Operation Effects

In this exemplary embodiment, the first image IM1is fixed in the special mode at a speed lower than the speed at which the first image IM1is fixed in the normal mode. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the surface of the base coat BS becomes smoother than in the case where the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1in the special mode at the fixing speed equal to the fixing speed at which the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1in the normal mode. Thus, the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment is capable of forming images IMG having a metallic luster higher than that of images formed as a result of fixing the first image IM1onto the medium P1for use as the base coat BS at the fixing speed higher than or equal to the fixing speed at which only the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1.

Other operation effects of this exemplary embodiment are similar to those in the case of the first exemplary embodiment.

The above is the description of the third exemplary embodiment.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

Now, an image forming apparatus according to a fourth exemplary embodiment (not illustrated) is described. The following describes a portion that differs between the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment and the image forming apparatus10according to the first exemplary embodiment (seeFIG. 1). When components and the like the same as those used in the first exemplary embodiment are used in this exemplary embodiment, those components and the like are denoted with the same reference symbols although they may be unillustrated.

Portion Different from First Exemplary Embodiment

In this exemplary embodiment, the toner density at which the first image IM1is formed in the special mode (amount of toner per unit area) is higher than the toner density at which the first image IM1is formed in the normal mode. Specifically, for example, the development device28according to this exemplary embodiment develops the same latent image with the toner TCLsuch that the toner density at which the first image IM1is formed in the special mode is higher than the toner density at which the first image IM1is formed in the normal mode. This exemplary embodiment is similar to the first exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Operation Effects

In this exemplary embodiment, the toner density at which the first image IM1is formed in the special mode is higher than the toner density at which the first image IM1is formed in the normal mode. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the surface of the base coat BS becomes smoother than in the case where the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1in the special mode at a toner density the same as the toner density at which the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1in the normal mode. Thus, the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment is capable of forming images having a metallic luster higher than that of images formed by fixing the first image IM1to the medium P1for use as the base coat at a toner density that is lower than or equal to the toner density at which only the first image is fixed to the medium P1.

Other operation effects of this exemplary embodiment are similar to those in the case of the first exemplary embodiment.

The above is the description of the fourth exemplary embodiment.

Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

Now, an image forming apparatus according to a fifth exemplary embodiment (not illustrated) is described. The following describes a portion that differs between the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment and the image forming apparatus10according to the first exemplary embodiment (seeFIG. 1). When components and the like the same as those used in the first exemplary embodiment are used in this exemplary embodiment, those components and the like are denoted with the same reference symbols although they may be unillustrated.

Portion Different from First Exemplary Embodiment

In this exemplary embodiment, the toner-image forming portion20includes seven monochrome units21. Specifically, a monochrome unit (referred to as an additional monochrome unit, below) that forms a clear toner image on the photoconductor22is disposed between the monochrome unit21K and the monochrome unit21CL in the apparatus width direction. The specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus of the clear toner T of the additional monochrome unit is smaller than the specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus of the toner TCLof the monochrome unit21CL. The toner T having a higher specific storage elastic modulus melts with heat to a lesser extent (is fixed to a lesser extent). Here, in this exemplary embodiment, the clear toner T of the additional monochrome unit is an example of a first toner. The toner TCLof the monochrome unit21CL is an example of a third toner.

The specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus represents a low-temperature storage elastic modulus measured at a temperature within the range of 30° C. to 50° C. The storage elastic modulus is measured using a rheometer (ARES) manufactured by TA instruments Japan Inc. Specifically, the storage elastic modulus is measured by setting a sample (toner) in a sample holder having a diameter of 8 mm and under the conditions of the temperature rise speed of 1° C./min, frequency of 1 Hz, distortion factor of 1% or smaller, and detected torque of within measurement guaranteed figures. Then, a change of the storage elastic modulus in relation to the temperature change is obtained. A normal software of a viscoelasticity measuring device is used for analysis. In the above-described storage elastic modulus, the low-temperature storage elastic modulus measured at a temperature within the range of 30° C. to 50° C. is obtained as an arithmetic mean of all the storage elastic moduli measured in one degree intervals at temperatures within the range of 30° C. to 50° C. The wording “the low-temperature storage elastic modulus is large or small” here represents that this arithmetic mean is large or small.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first image IM1is formed in the normal mode using the toner TCLof the monochrome unit21CL, whereas the first image IM1is formed in the special mode using the clear toner T of the additional monochrome unit. This exemplary embodiment is similar to the first exemplary embodiment except for the above point.

Operation Effects

In the case of the first exemplary embodiment, the same toner TCLis used to form the first image IM1in the special mode and the first image IM1in the normal mode. In contrast, in this exemplary embodiment, the toner T fixed for use as the base coat BS to form the first image IM1in the special mode has a specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus that is smaller than the specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus of the toner TCLused to form the first image IM1in the normal mode. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the surface of the base coat BS becomes smoother than in the case of the first exemplary embodiment. Thus, the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment is capable of forming images having a metallic luster higher than that of images formed by forming a first image in the special mode using a toner having a specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus larger than or equal to the specific low-temperature storage elastic modulus of the toner used to form the first image in the normal mode.

Other operation effects of this exemplary embodiment are similar to those in the case of the first exemplary embodiment.

The above is the description of the fifth exemplary embodiment.

Thus far, the present invention has been described using specific exemplary embodiments as examples. The present invention, however, is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments. The technical scope of the present invention includes, for example, the following forms.

Each exemplary embodiment has described that the color of the toner TG, which is an example of a second toner, is silver (seeFIG. 2). However, the color of the second toner is not limited to silver and may be other colors as long as the second toner is a toner containing metal pigment pieces MP. For example, the second toner may have another metallic color such as gold or silvery white.

Each exemplary embodiment has described that the particles of the toner TG, which is an example of the second toner, have a flat shape (seeFIG. 2). However, the shape of the particles of the second toner is not limited to a flat shape as long as the metal pigment pieces MP have a flat shape. For example, the particles of the second toner may have a non-flat shape, as in the case of the shape of the toner particles MTP1illustrated inFIG. 13.

Each exemplary embodiment and the modification example illustrated inFIG. 13have described that the metal pigment pieces MP contained in the second toner have a flat shape. However, the shape of the metal pigment pieces is not limited to a flat shape as long as the pigment contained in the second toner is a metal pigment. The shape of the metal pigment pieces may be a non-flat shape, such as, a spherical shape or a polygonal shape. Even in this case, images may have a metallic luster higher than that of images formed by directly fixing, to a medium P1, a toner image including a toner containing metal pigment pieces having a non-flat shape.

Each exemplary embodiment has described that the toner TCL, which is an example of a first toner, is a clear toner. However, the first toner may be, for example, a white toner. In this case, an image IMG may be formed using white as a base color regardless of the color of the medium P1.

Each exemplary embodiment has described that the base coat BS is formed so as to have the same size and the same shape as the second image IM2formed on the photoconductor22by the monochrome unit21G. However, the size and the shape of the base coat BS do not have to be the same as the size and the shape of the second image IM2as long as the entirety of the second image IM2is formed over the base coat BS. As illustrated in, for example,FIGS. 14A and 14B, the base coat BS may extend beyond the second image IM2(for example, extend over the entire area of the image-formation surface of the medium P1in the case illustrated inFIGS. 14A and 14B).

Each exemplary embodiment has described that the first image IM1is formed with the toner TCL. However, in the case of forming an image IMG including the second image IM2on the medium P1, the first image IM1may be formed with a toner T having a color different from the color of the toner TCLas long as the first image IM1is fixed to the medium P1for use as the base coat BS and the second image IM2is transferred and fixed onto the base coat BS. In the case where, for example, the color of the medium P1is black, the first image IM1may be formed with the toner TK.

Each exemplary embodiment has been described using the image forming apparatus10illustrated inFIG. 1as an example. However, the image forming apparatus may have a configuration different from the configuration of the image forming apparatus10illustrated inFIG. 1as long as the image forming apparatus is capable of fixing the first image IM1onto the medium P1for use as the base coat BS and transferring and fixing the second image IM2onto the base coat BS when forming an image IMG including the second image IM2on the medium P1. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 15, the image forming apparatus may be a so-called tandem image forming apparatus10A that directly transfers a toner image formed by each monochrome unit21onto a medium P. In the image forming apparatus10A, monochrome units21CL,21Y,21M,21C, and21K, a first fixing device50, a monochrome unit21G, and a second fixing device50are arranged in this order from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction in which the medium P is transported (direction of arrow B7). Thus, after the monochrome unit21CL forms a first image IM1, the first fixing device50fixes the first image IM1for use as the base coat BS and the monochrome unit21G transfers the second image IM2onto the base coat BS in a superposed manner, and the second fixing device50fixes the second image IM2. Specifically, the image forming apparatus10A according to the modification example forms images at a higher speed (forms images on more sheets per unit time) than the image forming apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment 10. Alternatively, other image forming apparatuses according to other modification examples include an image forming apparatus of a rotary developing intermediate transfer type, although not illustrated.

As described above, the exemplary embodiments and the modification examples are individually described. However, the technical scope of the present invention includes a form in which one or more elements other than those according to the exemplary embodiments and the modification examples are combined with any of the exemplary embodiments and the modification examples. For example, an element of the third exemplary embodiment (rendering the fixing speed at which the first image IM1is fixed in the special mode lower than the fixing speed at which the first image IM1is fixed in the normal mode) may be combined with the image forming apparatus according to the second exemplary embodiment. Alternatively, an element according to the fourth exemplary embodiment (rendering the toner density of the first image IM1formed in the special mode higher than the toner density of the first image IM1formed in the normal mode) may be combined with the image forming apparatus according to the third exemplary embodiment.