Space optimizing toner cartridge

A space optimizing toner container for an electrophotographic printing machine. The toner container is generally configured so that it is larger in the horizontal dimension than in the vertical dimension. A pusher member, internal to the container housing is spaced from the discharge opening in the housing. The pusher member is movable, either manually or by a biasing device such as a spring so that the powder toner is moved in a generally horizontal direction as the toner is depleted. The container may have a flexible inner liner which contains the toner particles and allows for the recycling of the container. The described toner container operates without the need for a complex toner transport system while allowing the normally unused space in the horizontal direction from the toner outlet to be utilized.

This invention relates generally to a toner cartridge, and more 
particularly concerns a space optimizing toner cartridge having a simple 
device for discharging the toner therefrom. 
In a typical electrophotographic printing process, a photoconductive member 
is charged to a substantially uniform potential so as to sensitize the 
surface thereof. The charged portion of the photoconductive member is 
exposed to a light image of an original document being reproduced. 
Exposure of the charged photoconductive member selectively dissipates the 
charges thereon in the irradiated areas. This records an electrostatic 
latent image on the photoconductive member corresponding to the 
informational areas contained within the original document. After the 
electrostatic latent image is recorded on the photoconductive member, the 
latent image is developed by bringing a developer material into contact 
therewith. Generally, the developer material comprises toner particles 
adhering triboelectrically to carrier granules. The toner particles are 
attracted from the carrier granules to the latent image forming a toner 
powder image on the photoconductive member. The toner powder image is then 
transferred from the photoconductive member to a copy sheet. The toner 
particles are heated to permanently affix the powder image to the copy 
sheet. After each transfer process, the toner remaining on the 
photoconductor is cleaned by a cleaning device. 
In many of the machines described above, powder toner is contained in a 
removable container which mates with the developer housing to supply toner 
to the developer housing for mixing with the carrier. Typically, the toner 
container is some sort of cartridge which allows the toner to feed into 
the developer housing due to the force of gravity. This gravitational 
force necessitates that the containers be configured vertically to the 
developer housing inlet to allow the toner to fall into the housing. Some 
other more complex systems utilize an auger or endless belt type transport 
to move the toner in a horizontal direction from the container to the 
developer housing inlet. 
It is desirous to have a toner container that can utilize space in the 
direction horizontal to the developer housing inlet without necessitating 
a complex toner transport system. It is also desirous that the toner 
container be easily replaceable and be suitable for recycling or disposal 
without a negative environmental impact. 
The following disclosures may be relevant to various aspects of the present 
invention: 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,628 Inventor Cipolla et al. Issue Date: Jun. 26, 1990 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,827,307 Inventor: Zoltner Issue Date: May 2, 1989 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,714 Inventor: Marotta Issue Date: Aug. 5, 1986 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,417,802 Inventor: Forbes II Issue Date: Nov. 29, 1983 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,546 Inventor: Burdette Issue Date: Aug. 9, 1983 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,637 Inventor: Parker Issue Date: Oct. 12, 1982 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,385,500 Inventor: Lavander Issue Date: May 28, 1968 
The relevant portions of the foregoing disclosures may be briefly 
summarized as follows: 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,628 discloses an apparatus for storing and dispensing 
particulate material comprising a container defining a chamber for storing 
particulate material, having an opening in the surface which may be closed 
and sealed. The opening has a frame member attached to the container 
closing the opening, which is two spaced parallel rails on each side of 
the opening and a movable door member larger than the opening with two 
parallel tracks spaced to enable them to slide in the rails to move the 
door between an open and a closed position. The door has a seal material 
around the periphery to prevent leakage of the particulate matter. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,827,307 describes a toner cartridge for use in a copying 
machine for supplying fresh toner to the developer of the machine. The 
cartridge is formed with an elongated opening to permit discharge of toner 
when inverted. A removable flexible strip covers the opening and is 
detachably held to the cartridge by adhesive material. The pattern of 
adhesive material is non-linear at the portions of the cartridge adjacent 
the ends of the opening so that an application of a pulling force upon the 
strip to detach the same, the resistance force is gradual. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,714 discloses a toner bottle for resupplying toner to a 
copying or reproduction machine having an iris-type closure in the bottle 
mouth to control discharge of toner therefrom and prevent spilling. The 
iris-type closure consists of a first iris member located in the bottle 
mouth with the second cooperating iris closure integral with the cover for 
the bottle, projecting tabs on the first and second iris members cooperate 
with the machine toner hopper to establish relative rotation between the 
first and second iris members on rotation of the bottle while locking the 
bottle in place on the machine. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,417,802 describes an apparatus which dispenses toner 
particles into a chamber of a housing storing developer material. The 
toner particles are stored in the container and dispensed form the 
uppermost portion thereof by means of a toner conveyer. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,546 discloses an apparatus which discharges particles 
into the chamber of a housing storing a supply of developer material 
therein. Particles are dispensed from a storage container substantially 
uniformly to a region located therebeneath in the chamber of the housing 
and to a region displaced therefrom utilizing an auger transport 
mechanism. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,637 discloses a developer chamber which moves toward a 
developing member to moves the developer material to the latent image. As 
developer material is depleted, the housing moves automatically toward the 
developing member to furnish a continuous supply of developer material. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,385,500 describes a toner container having a flexible 
plastic liner. 
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
space optimizing toner cartridge, adapted to mate with and supply toner to 
a housing defining a chamber having a device for developing a latent image 
with toner disposed at least partially therein. The container comprises a 
main body defining a chamber adapted to store toner therein being coupled 
directly to the housing chamber and a member disposed within the chamber 
of said main body, said member being adapted to move toner from the 
chamber of said main body into the housing chamber. 
Pursuant to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an 
electrophotographic printing machine having a replaceable space optimizing 
toner cartridge, adapted to mate with and supply toner to a housing 
defining a chamber having a device for developing a latent image with 
toner disposed at least partially therein. The cartridge comprises a main 
body defining a chamber adapted to store toner therein being coupled 
directly to the housing chamber and a member disposed within the chamber 
of said main body, said member being adapted to move toner from the 
chamber of said main body into the housing chamber.

While the present invention will be described in connection with a 
preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that it is not 
intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is 
intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may 
be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the 
appended claims. 
For a general understanding of the features of the present invention, 
reference is made to the drawings. In the drawings, like reference 
numerals have been used throughout to identify identical elements. FIG. 5 
schematically depicts an electrophotographic printing machine 
incorporating the features of the present invention therein. It will 
become evident from the following discussion that the toner container of 
the present invention may be employed in a wide variety of devices and is 
not specifically limited in its application to the particular embodiment 
depicted herein. 
Referring to FIG. 5 of the drawings, an original document is positioned in 
a document handler 27 on a raster input scanner (RIS) indicated generally 
by reference numeral 28. The RIS contains document illumination lamps, 
optics, a mechanical scanning drive and a charge coupled device (CCD) 
array. The RIS captures the entire original document and converts it to a 
series of raster scan lines. This information is transmitted to an 
electronic subsystem (ESS) which controls a raster output scanner (ROS) 
described below. 
The Figure printing machine employs a belt 10 having a photoconductive 
surface 12 deposited on a conductive ground layer 14. Preferably, 
photoconductive surface 12 is made from a photoresponsive material, for 
example, one comprising a charge generation layer and a transport layer. 
Conductive layer 14 is made preferably from a thin metal layer or 
metallized polymer film which is electrically grounded. Belt 10 moves in 
the direction of arrow 16 to advance successive portions of 
photoconductive surface 12 sequentially through the various processing 
stations disposed about the path of movement thereof. Belt 10 is entrained 
about stripping roller 18, tensioning roller 20 and drive roller 22. Drive 
roller 22 is mounted rotatably in engagement with belt 10. Motor 24 
rotates roller 22 to advance belt 10 in the direction of arrow 16. Roller 
22 is coupled to motor 24 by suitable means, such as a drive belt. Belt 10 
is maintained in tension by a pair of springs (not shown) resiliently 
urging tensioning roller 20 against belt 10 with the desired spring force. 
Stripping roller 18 and tensioning roller 20 are mounted to rotate freely. 
Initially, a portion of belt 10 passes through charging station A. At 
charging station A, a corona generating device, indicated generally by the 
reference numeral 26 charges the photoconductive surface, 12, to a 
relatively high, substantially uniform potential. After photoconductive 
surface 12 of belt 10 is charged, the charged portion thereof is advanced 
through exposure station B. 
At an exposure station, B, a controller or electronic subsystem (ESS), 
indicated generally by reference numeral 29, receives the image signals 
representing the desired output image and processes these signals to 
convert them to a continuous tone or greyscale rendition of the image 
which is transmitted to a modulated output generator, for example the 
raster output scanner (ROS), indicated generally by reference numeral 30. 
Preferably, ESS 29 is a self-contained, dedicated minicomputer. The image 
signals transmitted to ESS 29 may originate from a RIS as described above 
or from a computer, thereby enabling the electrophotographic printing 
machine to serve as a remotely located printer for one or more computers. 
The signals from ESS 29, corresponding to the continuous tone image desired 
to be reproduced by the printing machine, are transmitted to ROS 30. ROS 
30 includes a laser with rotating polygon mirror blocks. Preferably, a 
nine facet polygon is used. The ROS illuminates the charged portion of 
photoconductive belt 20 at a resolution of about 300 or more pixels per 
inch. The ROS, will expose the photoconductive belt to record an 
electrostatic latent image thereon corresponding to the continuous tone 
image received from ESS 29. As an alternative, ROS 30 may employ a linear 
array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged to illuminate the charged 
portion of photoconductive belt 20 on a raster-by-raster basis. 
After the electrostatic latent image has been recorded on photoconductive 
surface 12, belt 10 advances the latent image to a development station C, 
where toner, in the form of liquid or dry particles, is electrostatically 
attracted to the latent image using commonly known techniques. Development 
station C contains the space optimizing toner cartridge described in 
detail below. Preferably, at development station C, a magnetic brush 
development system, indicated by reference numeral 38, advances developer 
material into contact with the latent image. Magnetic brush development 
system 38 includes two magnetic brush developer rollers 40 and 42. Rollers 
40 and 42 advance developer material into contact with the latent image. 
These developer rollers form a brush of carrier granules and toner 
particles extending outwardly therefrom. The latent image attracts toner 
particles from the carrier granules forming a toner powder image thereon. 
As successive electrostatic latent images are developed, toner particles 
are depleted from the developer material. The toner particle dispenser, 
indicated generally by the reference numeral 80, dispenses toner particles 
into developer housing 46 of developer unit 38. 
With continued reference to FIG. 5, after the electrostatic latent image is 
developed, the toner powder image present on belt 10 advances to transfer 
station D. A print sheet 48 is advanced to the transfer station, D, by a 
sheet feeding apparatus, 50. Preferably, sheet feeding apparatus 50 
includes a feed roll 52 contacting the uppermost sheet of stack 54. Feed 
roll 52 rotates to advance the uppermost sheet from stack 54 into chute 
56. Chute 56 directs the advancing sheet of support material into contact 
with photoconductive surface 12 of belt 10 in a timed sequence so that the 
toner powder image formed thereon contacts the advancing sheet at transfer 
station D. Transfer station D includes a corona generating device 58 which 
sprays ions onto the back side of sheet 48. This attracts the toner powder 
image from photoconductive surface 12 to sheet 48. After transfer, sheet 
48 continues to move in the direction of arrow 60 onto a conveyor (not 
shown) which advances sheet 48 to fusing station E. 
The fusing station, E, includes a fuser assembly, indicated generally by 
the reference numeral 62, which permanently affixes the transferred powder 
image to sheet 48. Fuser assembly 60 includes a heated fuser roller 64 and 
a back-up roller 66. Sheet 48 passes between fuser roller 64 and back-up 
roller 66 with the toner powder image contacting fuser roller 64. In this 
manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to sheet 48. After 
fusing, sheet 48 advances through chute 68 again through one or more drive 
roll idler roll assembly 200 to catch tray 72 for subsequent removal from 
the printing machine by the operator. 
After the print sheet is separated from photoconductive surface 12 of belt 
10, the residual toner/developer and paper fiber particles adhering to 
photoconductive surface 12 are removed therefrom at cleaning station F. 
Cleaning station F includes a rotatably mounted fibrous brush in contact 
with photoconductive surface 12 to disturb and remove paper fibers and a 
cleaning blade to remove the nontransferred toner particles. The blade may 
be configured in either a wiper or doctor position depending on the 
application. Subsequent to cleaning, a discharge lamp (not shown) floods 
photoconductive surface 12 with light to dissipate any residual 
electrostatic charge remaining thereon prior to the charging thereof for 
the next successive imaging cycle. 
It is believed that the foregoing description is sufficient for purposes of 
the present application to illustrate the general operation of an 
electrophotographic printing machine incorporating the features of the 
present invention therein. 
Turning now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a perspective view of a first 
embodiment of a toner container according to the present invention. The 
container 80 is a generally rectangular shaped box forming a chamber 
within to hold powder toner. The chamber has an opening at the bottom 90 
which allows toner particles to fall due to gravitational forces from the 
chamber into the developer housing 46. A flexible inner liner 84 is 
illustrated to contain the toner particles within the boxlike structure 82 
and prevent leakage thereof. 
Turning also to FIG. 2, it is seen that there is a pusher member 86 located 
remote from the opening 90 in the toner container 80. Initially, when the 
toner container 80 is full, the powder toner will be at a level 
illustrated by the dotted line 100 within the chamber. The pusher member 
86 is used to push the toner and the flexible member containing the toner 
in the direction toward the opening 90 as the toner is depleted. As 
illustrated, the pusher member 86 would move in the direction of arrow 92 
until it reached the position illustrated in phantom as 87. The pusher 
member has a indicator 88 which is visible on the exterior of the toner 
housing 80. 
As the toner is depleted by being fed into the developer housing 46 as 
illustrated by the dotted line 102, the pusher member 86 is moved in a 
horizontal direction either manually or by a biasing member illustrated as 
spring 94 in FIG. 2. This configuration allows the utilization of space 
which is normally unusable due to the inability to move the toner in a 
horizontal direction within the container. It also reduces the need to 
have the toner container be large in the vertical direction so that the 
toner may fall solely by means of gravity. The indicator 88 is useful in 
that it provides some indication of the state of usage of the toner. When 
it is in its initial position, the toner container is full and as it is 
moved in a horizontal direction to the end of its degree of travel, there 
is an indication that the toner hopper or container soon needs to be 
replaced. 
The toner container itself may be made of a cardboard material with a 
flexible plastic inner liner 84 which provides for segregation of the 
toner contaminated liner 84 and the cardboard material when the container 
is empty thus enabling recycling of the materials used for the packaging. 
Alternatively, the toner container exterior housing 82 may be constructed 
of a material such as a polystyrene plastic which would then allow for 
removal of the flexible baglike liner, and replacement thereof with a full 
toner bag so that the toner housing 82 may be reused. 
The biasing member or spring 94 may be either integral to the toner 
cartridge so that the pusher is automatically moved as the toner is used 
or the biasing member may be located within the machine and mated with the 
cartridge 80 as it is installed into the printing machine. In either case, 
as the toner is depleted as illustrated, from a full condition represented 
by line 100 to a near empty condition represented by line 102 in FIG. 2, 
the biasing member causes the pusher member 86 to move in a horizontal 
direction and push the toner toward the opening 90 in the bottom of the 
housing 82. Thus, a simple and uncomplicated mechanism is utilized to move 
the toner in a horizontal direction without the need for complicated drive 
motors such as that used with augers and/or toner transport belts or 
conveyors. 
The pusher member 86 may also be manually operated. The operator may move 
the pusher by grasping the indicator 88 and moving it horizontally to push 
the toner within the container 80 toward the opening 90 to cause toner to 
be dispensed into the developer housing. The manual operation can be done 
in response to a low toner signal on a user interface of the printing 
machine. 
Turning next to FIGS. 3 and 4, a second embodiment of the toner container 
is illustrated. In the second embodiment, the toner container 80 also is 
constructed of an outer housing 82 having a flexible inner liner 84 
containing the powder toner. In this embodiment, a trapdoor-type hinged 
mechanism 100 is used to move the toner in a generally horizontal 
direction toward the opening 90 in the bottom of the container 82. The 
hinged pusher member 100 is movable in the direction generally indicated 
by arrow 101 so that it reaches the position indicated in phantom as 103. 
As the toner is depleted from a level that is illustrated by dotted line 
100 to a level as illustrated by line 102 in FIG. 4, the pusher mechanism 
100 is moved in the direction of arrow 101 either manually or by a biasing 
member. This causes the flexible liner 84 to fold upon itself as 
illustrated by phantom lines 85 and causes the toner to move in a 
generally horizontal direction toward the opening 90 in the bottom of the 
container 82, where it will fall into the developer housing. In either 
embodiment a mild adhesive may be utilized to attach the liner 84 to the 
interior of the container 82 to prevent the flexible liner 84 from 
collapsing and blocking the toner from being dispensed from the container 
82. 
The pusher member 100 also has an indicator 88 mounted thereto which is 
visible on the exterior of the container 82. This indicator can either be 
a mere level indicator when used with a self-biasing member or, it can 
serve as a handle for manual movement of the pusher member 100 to cause 
toner to move toward the opening 90 as described above with reference to 
the first embodiment. If a biasing member is used, the biasing member can 
either be integral to the container 80 or it can be mounted within the 
printing machine itself and moved into a cooperating position with the 
pusher member 100 as the cartridge is loaded into the printing machine. If 
the biasing member is integral to the toner cartridge 80, it is 
anticipated that a torsional type spring could be used to apply the 
biasing force to the pushing member 100 to apply a steady pivoting force 
to the pusher 100 to cause the toner to move toward opening 90. If the 
biasing member is not integral to the container 80, a biased lever type 
arrangement can be used to apply the pivoting force to the pusher member. 
In recapitulation, there is provided a space optimizing toner container for 
an electrophotographic printing machine. The toner container is generally 
configured so that it is larger in the horizontal dimension than in the 
vertical dimension. A pusher member, internal to the container housing is 
spaced from the discharge opening in the housing. The pusher member is 
movable, either manually or by a biasing device such as a spring so that 
the powder toner is moved in a generally horizontal direction as the toner 
is depleted. The container may have a flexible inner liner which contains 
the toner particles and allows for the recycling of the container. The 
described toner container operates without the need for a complex toner 
transport system while allowing the normally unused space in the 
horizontal direction from the toner outlet to be utilized. 
It is, therefore, apparent that there has been provided in accordance with 
the present invention, a toner container that fully satisfies the aims and 
advantages hereinbefore set forth. While this invention has been described 
in conjunction with a specific embodiment thereof, it is evident that many 
alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those 
skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such 
alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and 
broad scope of the appended claims.