Magnetic disk device

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a plurality of magnetic disks, a plurality of magnetic heads provided correspondingly to the plurality of magnetic disks and configured to carry out read/write of data from/to the magnetic disks, and a control section configured to control read/write of the magnetic heads. Each of the plurality of magnetic disks includes a first storage section storing therein control information concerning read/write of the magnetic head. The control section switches the first storage section which is a storage destination of first information that is at least a part of the control information from the magnetic disk to another magnetic disk.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-048567, filed Mar. 23, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

Embodiments described herein relate generally to a magnetic disk device.

BACKGROUND

A technique of switching magnetic heads in sequence at the time of following in a magnetic disk device in such a manner that the accumulated total of data reproduction time at each of a plurality of magnetic heads and positioning data reproduction time concomitant with seek operations and following operations of each of the plurality of magnetic heads is equalized among the magnetic heads is known.

In a magnetic disk device, control information to be stored in a magnetic disk is multiplexed for the purpose or enhancing the reliability. Control information is multiplexed into, for example, twofold or fourfold information and is stored on a plurality of magnetic disks. The multiplexed control information is stored at a fixed position in a system area of the magnetic disk set in advance. Further, storing the multiplexed control information items alternately in different areas is also carried out. In either case, the storage destination of the control information is fixed to a specific magnetic head of the plurality of magnetic heads provided in the magnetic disk device, and the control information is stored on the magnetic disk by the magnetic head concerned. The control information is stored by using the specific magnetic head, and hence the use frequency of the magnetic head concerned becomes higher in comparison with other magnetic heads.

Embodiments described herein aim to provide a magnetic disk device capable of preventing unevenness in storage of control information from occurring.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In general, according to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a plurality of magnetic disks, a plurality of magnetic heads provided correspondingly to the plurality of magnetic disks and configured to carry out read/write of data from/to the magnetic disks, and a control section configured to control read/write of the magnetic heads. Each of the plurality of magnetic disks includes a first storage section storing therein control information concerning read/write of the magnetic head. The control section switches the first storage section which is a storage destination of first information that is at least a part of the control information from the magnetic disk to another magnetic disk.

Embodiments will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the disclosure is merely an example, and the invention is rot limited by the contents of the embodiments provided below. In addition, in some cases, in order to make the description clearer, the widths, thicknesses, shapes, etc., of the respective parts are schematical y illustrated in the drawings, compared to the actual modes. However, the schematic illustration is merely an example, and adds no restrictions to the interpretation of the invention. Besides, in the specification and drawings, the same elements as those described in connection with preceding drawings are denoted by like reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof is omitted unless otherwise necessary.

FIG.1is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a magnetic disk device according to this embodiment.

As shown inFIG.1, the magnetic disk device1is configured as, for example, a hard disk drive (HDD) and is provided with a magnetic disk2, spindle motor (SPM)3, actuator4, voice coil motor (VCM)5, magnetic head10, head amplifier IC11, R/W channel12, hard disk controller (MDC)13, microprocessor unit (MPU)14, driver IC15, and memory16. Further, the magnetic disk device is connectable to a host computer (host)17. Although details will be described later, the magnetic head10is provided with a write head (recording magnetic head: writer)10W, read head reproducing magnetic head: reader)10R, and spin-torque-oscillator (STO)100which is a high-frequency oscillation element. It should be noted that the R/W channel12, HDC13, and MPU14may also be incorporated into a one-chip integrated circuit.

The magnetic disk2includes a substrate constituted of, for example, a nonmagnetic etic material and formed into a circular disk-like shape. On each of the surfaces of the substrate, a soft magnetic layer formed of a material exhibiting soft magnetic characteristics and functioning as a foundation layer, magnetic recording layer having magnetic anisotropy in the direction perpendicular to the disk surface and formed on the upper layer of the soft magnetic layer, and protective film layer formed on the upper layer of the magnetic recording layer are stacked on top of each other in layers in the order described. Here, the layers closer to the magnetic head10in the direction to the magnetic head10are defined as upper layers.

The magnetic disk2is fixed to the spindle motor (SPM)3and is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the SPM3. It should be noted that the number of the magnetic disk2is not limited to one, and a plurality of magnetic disks2may also be attached to the SPM3. The SPM3is driven by a drive current (or drive voltage) to be supplied thereto from the driver IC15. A data pattern is recorded/reproduced on/from the magnetic disk2by the magnetic head10. The magnetic disk2includes a system area (first storage section)200. The system area200sores therein first information (in this embodiment, first information is control information relating to write) which is at least a part of control information of data of the magnetic head10. Further, the system area200includes a system area management section (second storage section)200a. The system area management section200amanages the control information. The system area200is provided, for example, at a part of the magnetic disk2on the outermost circumferential side in the radial direction of the magnetic disk2.

The actuator4is provided in such a manner that the actuator4can freely be turned, and the magnetic head10is supported on the tip section of the actuator4. The actuator4is turned by the voice coil motor (VCM)5, whereby the magnetic head10is moved to a position on the desired track of the magnetic disk2and is positioned there. The VCM5is driven by a drive current (or drive voltage) to be supplied thereto from the driver IC15.

The magnetic head10includes a slider, and write head10W and read head IR which are formed on the slider. A plurality of magnetic heads10are provided according to the number of the magnetic disks2.

The head amplifier IC11includes a circuit relating to drive and detection of oscillation characteristics of the STO100. For example, the head amplifier IC11includes an STO control section111, recording coil control section112, reproduced signal detecting section113, and heater control section114. The head amplifier IC11executes drive and drive signal detection and the like of the STO100. Furthermore, the head amplifier IC11supplies a write signal (write current) corresponding to write data to be supplied thereto from the R/W channel12to the write head10W. Further, the head amplifier IC11amplifies a read signal output from the read head10R and transmits the amplified read signal to the R/W channel12.

The STO control section111controls a current made to flow through the STO100of the write head10W. The recording coil control section112includes a recording signal pattern control section and recording current control section. The recording coil control section112controls a recording current to be supplied to the coil of the write head10W according to a write signal. The reproduced signal detecting section113detects a signal (read data) reproduced by the read head10R. The heater control section114controls power supply to the heater to be described later. That is, the heater control section114switches between the on-state and off-state of the heater.

The R/W channel12is a signal processing circuit configured to process a signal relating to read/write. The R/W channel12includes a read channel configured to execute signal processing of read data and write channel configured to execute signal processing of write data. The R/W channel12converts a read signal into digital data and decodes read data from the digital data. The R/W channel12encodes write data to be transferred thereto from the HDC13and transfers the encoded write data to the head amplifier IC11.

The HDC13controls write of data to the magnetic disk2and read of data from the magnetic disk2through the magnetic head10, head amplifier IC11, R/W channel12, and MPU14. The HDC13constitutes an interface between the magnetic disk device1and host17, and executes transfer control of read data and write data. That is, the HDC13functions as a host interface controller configured to receive a signal transferred thereto from the host17and transfer a signal to the host17. When transferring a signal to the host17, the HDC13executes error correction processing of data of a reproduced signal which is read and decoded by the magnetic head10in accordance with the control of the MPU14. Further, the HDC13receives a command (write command, read command, and the like) to be transferred thereto from the host17, and transmits the received command to the MPU14.

The MPU14is the main controller (control section) of the magnetic disk device1and executes control of the read/write operation and servo control necessary for positioning of the magnetic head10. Furthermore, the MPU14executes processing of switching the storage destination of the control information. Details of this processing will be described later.

The driver IC15controls drive of the SPM3and VCM5in accordance with the control of the MPU14. By driving the VCM5, the magnetic head10is positioned to the target track on the magnetic disk2.

The memory16includes a volatile memory and nonvolatile memory. For example, the memory16includes a buffer memory constituted of DRAMs and flash memory. The memory16stores therein programs and parameters necessary for the processing of the MPU14. Further, the memory16includes a set switch count161and group switch count162. The set switch count161and group switch count162are used when the MPU14executes processing of switching the storage destination to be described later. Although in this embodiment, the set switch count is made ten thousand times and group switch count is made once, these counts are not limited to the above.

Next, the group and set configured to manage control information relating to the magnetic head10will be described below.FIG.2is a view showing an example of groups and sets. In this embodiment, descriptions will be given by taking a case where the magnetic disk device1includes eight magnetic heads10as an example. It should be noted that the number of the magnetic heads10is not limited to this.

As shown inFIG.2, the magnetic disk device1includes control information items from H1to H8correspondingly to the eight magnetic heads10. Each of the control information items from H1to H8is stored in the system area200of the magnetic disk2corresponding to each of the magnetic heads10.

Four groups from A to D are specified, the group A is constituted of the control information items H1and H2, group B is constituted of the control information items H3and H4, group C is constituted of the control information items H5and H6, and group D is constituted of the control information items H7and H8. Further, the set S1is constituted of the control information items H1to H4(groups A and B), and set S2is constituted of the control information items H5to H8(groups C and D). As described above, the control information items H1to H8corresponding to the eight magnetic heads10are constituted of the four groups A to D and two sets S1and S2. Information specifying such groups A to D and sets S1and S2is stored in, for example, the memory16.

When the MPTU14carries out storage of the control information, the storage destination of the control information is one of the four groups A to D and, at that time, the control information is copied within each group. For example, when the group A is the storage destination, after the control information item H1is stored in the system area200of the magnetic disk2, the control information item H2having the same contents is stored in the system area200of another magnetic disk2in the group A. That is the control information item H1is copied as the control information item H2. As described above, the control information is copied and stored, and hence the control information has redundancy, whereby the reliability of the magnetic disk1is secured.

Next, the system area management section200awill be described below.FIG.3is a view showing an example of the configuration of the system area management section200a.

As shown inFIG.3, a status and update count are stored in the system area management section200ain correlation with each other for each of the eight magnetic heads10(magnetic head numbers SA-H1to SA-H8). The magnetic head numbers SA-H1to SA-H8are respectively correlated with the already-described control information items H1to H8. In the status column, a status indicating on which set control information storage processing has been carried out is stored. In this embodiment, the control information is stored in one of the set S1and set S2, and hence in the status column, a status indicative of being the storage destination or status indicative of not being the storage destination is stored. It should be noted that when it is not possible to determine whether or not a status is a status indicative of being a storage destination for some reason or other, a status indicative of being an indefinite state where the storage destination cannot be determined is stored. In the update count column, the number of update times switching of the group has been carried out at the time of carrying out switching of the group is stored. In this embodiment, in each of the sets S1and S2(groups A, B, C, and D), the same control information is stored, and hence in each of the sets S1and S2, the update count is inherited (that is, the same update count value does not exist astride the groups A, B, C, and D).

Next, the processing or switching the storage destination of the control information will be described below.FIG.4is a flowchart showing an example of processing of switching the storage destination to be executed by the MPU14. The following processing is processing to be executed after the MPU14stores the control information in the currently-set storage destination.

The MPU14updates the update count (ST101). More specifically, the MPU14updates the update count of the magnetic head number set as the storage destination of the system area management section200a. For example, when the group A is set as the storage destination, the update counts of the magnetic head numbers SA-H1and SA-H2are incremented.

Next, it is determined whether or not the update count is the set switch count (ST102). More specifically, the MPU14determines whether or not the update count updated in step ST101has reached the count of the set switch count161.

Upon determination that the update count is not the set switch count (ST102: NO), the MPU14determines whether or not the update count is the group switch count (ST103). More specifically, the MPU14determines whether or not the update count updated in step ST101has reached the count of the group switch count162. In this embodiment, the group switch count is set at once (one time), and hence the MPU14determines that the update count is the group switch count. It should be noted that when the group switch count is set at a plurality of number of times, for example, it is sufficient if the MPU14determines whether or not the update count has reached the count of the group switch count162on the basis of a difference between the update count updated in step ST101and update count of the switch destination group.

Upon determination that the update count is the group switch count (ST103: YES), the MPU14switches the group (ST104). Here, switching of the group is carried out within the set. For example, when after the control information is stored in the group A, switching of the group is determined, the MPU14switches the storage destination of the control information from the group A to the group B.

Then, the MPU14sets the switched group as the storage destination of the control information (ST105). In the already-described case, the group B becomes the storage destination of the control information. Thereby, when the control information is stored next time, the control information is stored in the switched group. Further, upon determination that the update count is not the group switch count (ST103: NO), the MPU14terminates this processing.

On the other hand, upon determination that the update count is the set switch count (ST102: YES), the MPU14switches the set of the storage destination of the control information (ST106). For example, when the set S1is already set as the storage destination, if the update count is determined to be the set switch count, the storage destination of the control information is switched to the set S2. Then, the MPU14updates the system area management section200a(ST107). For example, when the set S2is switched to and set as the storage destination of the control information, the MPU14sets the statuses of the magnetic head numbers SA-H5to SA-H8as information indicative of being the storage destination of the control information, further sets the statuses of the magnetic head numbers SA-H1to SA-H4as information indicative of not being the storage destination of the control information, and then terminates this processing.

Next, the operation to be carried out when the storage destination of the control information is changed will be described below.FIG.5is a view for explaining the operation.

InFIG.5, when the storage processing of the control information to be carried out on the group A of the set S1is finished, then the storage processing of the control information is carried out on the group B of the set S1. Further next, the storage processing of the control information is carried out on the group A. When the above operation is repeated up to the set switch count (in this embodiment, ten thousand times), then the set is switched. At this time, information indicating the switched set which becomes the storage destination of the control information is stored in the status of the system area management section200a. In the already-described case, information indicating that the statuses of the groups C and D are the storage destination of the control information is stored, and information indicating that the statuses of the groups A and B are not the storage destination of the control information is stored.

As described above, switching of the set of the storage destination of the control information is executed in this embodiment at a frequency of once in ten thousand times which is the set switch count. Accordingly, the magnetic disk device1can make the number of times the control information is stored in the system area management section200asmaller. Accordingly, the magnetic disk device1can make a further overhead of the storage processing time hardly occur by storing the information in the system area management section200a.

Besides, switching of the storage destination of the control information between the groups A and B (or groups C and D) is alternately carried out. For this reason, when it becomes impossible to read the latest data, data immediately precedent to the data concerned in terms of time history is made readable in advance. For example, it is conceivable that the MPU14stores information concerning the immediately preceding data in the memory16. Thereby, it becomes possible for the magnetic disk device1to lessen the difficulty in recovery at the time of failure occurrence.

Furthermore, at the time of turning-on of the power (not shown) to the magnetic disk device1, the MPU14first reads the information of the system area management section200a. Thereby, it is possible to determine whether the set to be read is the set S1(groups A and B) or the set S2(groups C and D) with respect to each control information item. Accordingly, the number of times the control information necessary for read of data is read from the system area200can be limited to four. Owing to this limitation, the magnetic disk device1can restrict the processing time necessary for read of the control information at the time of turning-on of the power.

FIG.6is a flowchart showing an example of processing of reading control information to be carried out when the power is turned on. As shown inFIG.6, upon determination that the power to the magnetic disk device1is turned on (ST201: YES), the MPU14refers to the system area management section200ato thereby acquire a set which is set as the storage destination (ST202). By confirming the statuses of the magnetic head numbers SA-H1to SA-H8of the system area management section200a, the MPU14acquires information concerning the set which is set as the storage destination. Next, the MPU14acquires the control information from the set which is set as the storage destination (ST203). Thereby, the four control information items of the set which is set as the storage destination are acquired.

Further, for some reason or other, a case where the status of the system area management section200aenters the already-described indefinite state can possibly occur.FIG.7is a flowchart showing an example of processing of a case where the status indicates an indefinite state when the MPU14reads the status of the system area management section200a.

As shown inFIG.7, when the status information indicates an indefinite state (ST301: YES), the MPU14reads the update counts of all the magnetic head numbers SA-H1to SA-H8of the system area management section200a(ST302), identifies the magnetic head10having the latest update count information on the basis of the update counts (ST303), and updates the status (ST304). Thereby, the indefinite state of the status is dissolved, and the status is set in such a manner that the set including the magnetic head number the update count of which is the latest becomes the storage destination of the control information.

Furthermore, for some reason or other, a case where it becomes impossible to read information from the system area management section200acan also possibly occur.FIG.8is a flowchart showing an example of processing of a case where it becomes impossible to read information from the system area management section200a.

As shown inFIG.8, when it is not possible to read information from the system area management section200a(ST401. YES), the MPU14reads the control information items from the system areas200of all the magnetic head numbers SA-H1to SA-H8(i.e., groups A to D) (ST402), and reconstructs the system area management section200aon the basis of the read control information items (ST403). Thereby, even when information cannot be read from the system area management section200a, it becomes possible for the magnetic disk device1to reconfigure the system area management section200a.

As described above, according to the magnetic disk device1, each time the processing of storing the control information in the system area200is repeated, the magnetic head10to be used to store the control information is switched. Accordingly, it is possible to eliminate the unevenness in the frequency of use of the magnetic head10including the STO100. As described above, it is possible for the magnetic disk device1to avoid the unevenness in the frequency of use of the magnetic head10in the write operations, and prolong the life of the magnetic head10.

Further, in the magnetic disk device1, the storage processing of the status of the system area management section200aat the time when the set S1or S2is switched is carried out about once in the set switch count, i.e., about one time in ten thousand times. Accordingly, it is possible for the magnetic disk device1to reduce the frequency of the storage processing, and prevent the overhead at the time of storage from becoming larger.

Furthermore, the magnetic disk device1carries out processing of storing historical data immediately precedent to the stored latest data. Thereby, it is possible for the magnetic disk device1to reduce the difficulty in recovery at the time of failure occurrence.

In addition, at the time of turning-on of the power, it is sufficient if only the magnetic disk device1reads the control information of one of the sets S1and S2. Accordingly, the magnetic disk device1can restrict the processing time necessary for read of the system information at the time of turning-on of the power.

Further, although in the embodiment described above, the descriptions have been given by taking the case where the assist section which is provided in the magnetic disk device1, and is configured to assist write of data is provided with the STO100, i.e., is of the microwave assist system as an example, the assist section is not limited to this. For example, the assist section may be of the thermal assist system. Even when the magnetic disk device1includes an assist section of the thermal system, it is possible for the magnetic disk device1to exhibit an advantageous effect identical to the embodiment described above.