Replaceable Pump Unit for Cooling Systems

Systems and methods are provided for a high density liquid cooling unit to cool electrical components. A replaceable pump unit (RPU) can include a pump configured to provide fluid flow to cool the electrical components (e.g., via direct liquid cooling of the electrical components by the pumped fluid and air-to-liquid cooling of the pumped fluid via a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the RPU). The RPU can be configured to be operated with or satisfy one or more RPU performance characteristics.

BACKGROUND

Cooling systems can be provided for electrical components in data centers. In some cases, data centers can include liquid cooling circuits, which can provide liquid coolant to electronics housed within the data center. The liquid coolant can be pumped through the liquid cooling circuit by pumps to provide a continuous cooling of electronic components of the data center.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention can provide improved cooling systems, including replaceable pump units (RPUs) that can provide pumped fluid flow for cooling of electrical components. For example, a RPU for liquid cooling of electronic equipment, the RPU can include a first inlet connection module, a first outlet connection module, a base plate including at least one cassette support feature, a locking structure, a first removeable pump cassette, a first removable controller and a second removable controller. The first removable pump cassette can include a cassette frame defining a sled along a bottom of the cassette frame, a rotatable protrusion at a front face of the pump cassette, a locking mechanism being rotatably coupled to the rotatable protrusion, and a pump including a pump inlet connection module and a pump outlet connection module. In a locked configuration, an engagement of the locking structure with the locking mechanism can lock the first removable pump cassette within the RPU, with the first inlet connection module in fluid communication with the pump inlet connection module, and the first outlet connection module in fluid communication with the pump outlet connection module.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Cooling systems can be provided for data centers to cool electrical components within a data center. During operation, electrical components, typically housed in racks having a standard rack footprint (e.g., a standard height, width, and depth), generate heat. As that heat may degrade electrical components, damage the systems, or degrade performance of the components, cooling systems can be provided for data centers for transferring heats away from racks of the data center with electrical components that need to be cooled.

Cabinets or racks containing electrical equipment are typically arranged in rows within a data center, defining aisles between consecutive rows. Racks can be pre-assembled and “rolled in” to a space in the row adjacent to other racks, the space being pre-defined to have the footprint of a standard rack. This arrangement allows a modular construction of or addition to components in a data center. In some configurations, aisles on opposite sides of a rock of cabinets can be alternately designated as a cold aisle, or a hot aisle, and heat generated by the electrical components of a cabinet can be expelled to the hot air aisle.

Some examples of the technology disclosed herein can include cooling distribution units (CDUs), which generally include pump systems and associated components for use in moving fluid along liquid flow paths of cooling systems (e.g., primary or secondary flow loops for liquid cooling of servers or other electronics). In particular, some examples include CDUs configured as replaceable pump units with components for liquid coolant distribution that can be readily installed into and removed from cooling systems, including during ongoing operation of the cooling systems in some embodiments (i.e., with “hot-swappable” components). For example, a replaceable pump unit (RPU) can include an arrangement of components that allow individual pump cassettes to be selectively installed into or removed from a cooling system to provide redundant, hot-swappable pump capacity for a water or other liquid cooling flow. In some cases, an RPU can include structures of a larger cooling system that can receive and secure hot-swappable (or other) cassettes, and ensure leak prevention for liquid connections.

FIG.1Aillustrates a schematic for an example cooling system100configured to use air-to-liquid (ATL) heat exchange to transfer heat away from electrical equipment in various numbers of cabinets. Although examples below focus on ATL arrangements, similar systems can generally be used with other cooling arrangements, including for liquid-to-liquid heat exchange, or liquid-to-air heat exchange. In the illustrated embodiment, three distinct racks110of electrical equipment are shown schematically on the left, with an in-row cooling device (ICD)120on the right. As further discussed below, the racks110can be connected to the ICD120with a variety of plumbing arrangements (e.g., known tubing, hosing, manifold, or valve arrangements) for flow of cooling fluid (e.g., water, a mixture of water and anti-corrosion agents, a dielectric oil, or propylene glycol) to and from the racks110. Thus, for example, cooler fluid can flow from the ICD120to the racks110to remove thermal energy from the electrical equipment therein, and hotter fluid can return from the racks110to the ICD120.

In some examples, the ICD120can be housed in a rack having a standard rack footprint for modular assembly, ease of installation and integration within a data center. In other examples, the footprint of an in-row cooling device may be smaller than a standard rack footprint or otherwise sized.

In the illustrated example, a manifold130of the ICD120is arranged to receive and distribute fluid for flow between the ICD120and racks110, as well as flow between a heat exchanger140and a flow connection module150of an RPU160. Accordingly, when at least one pump unit of the RPU160operates to provide for cooling flow, the manifold130can direct to the heat exchanger140fluid that has been heated in the racks110, and can also direct to the racks110fluid that has been cooled by the heat exchanger140.

A wide variety of manifold configurations are possible. In some examples, the manifold130can include a unified assembly to support one or more of: connections (e.g., quick-connection fittings) and conduits for flow to and from the racks110; connections and conduits for flow to and from the RPU160; or connections and conduits for flow to and from the heat exchanger140. In some examples, the manifold130can include distributed arrangements, including individual components or component assemblies distributed variously around the RPU160for connections and flow between these various sub-systems.

In some examples, the manifold130can include the connection module150as part of a unified assembly. In some example, including as shown inFIG.1, the connection module150may be separate from a manifold for distribution of fluid to or from the racks110and flow components of various known types (e.g., tubing, fittings, valves, filters, etc.) can be arranged to allow flow between the connection module150and one or more other sub-systems of the cooling system100(e.g., the manifold130as shown inFIG.1, the heat exchanger140, the racks110without an intervening distinct manifold, etc.).

In some embodiments, fans may be provided to generate an airflow across the heat exchanger140, to increase a cooling efficiency of the system100. In some embodiments, the fans can further enhance a cooling of the system by directing the air toward a hot aisle, for example. In the illustrated example, a fan bank170is included in the ICD120to provide forced air flow across the heat exchanger140(see dashed arrows). Although the air flow from the fan bank170is illustrated as being directed toward the racks110, those of skill in the art will understand that actual implementations may locate the racks110out of the path of the heated air. The fan bank170can include any number of fan modules, as appropriate, including hot-swappable fans arranged in vertical or laterally arrayed patterns. Further, while, in the illustrated embodiment, an air flow is shown in a direction from the fan bank170toward the heat exchanger140, in other configurations, fans can draw air across a heat exchanger in a direction from the heat exchanger toward a fan bank (e.g., in a direction opposite the direction illustrated).

In different implementations, the fan bank170can be at the side, front, or rear of the ICD120, can be included on a door of the ICD120, or can be otherwise located. In some examples, the fan bank170can be included in a unified housing with the heat exchanger140, the manifold130, or the RPU160. In some examples, the fan bank170can be a removable (e.g., external) module that can be selectively attached to a separate housing for the heat exchanger140, the manifold130, or the RPU160. In some examples, the fan bank170and the heat exchanger140can be housed in a door mounted to one of the racks110(e.g., as a rear door heat exchanger unit).

As noted above, some examples can include hot-swappable pump assemblies, including as can be configured with hot-swappable pump cassettes. Pump cassettes can be self-contained modules that include a pump for an RPU, inlet and outlet connections for the pump (e.g., known types of quick-connect fittings), and a cassette frame that supports the pump for operation within an RPU (and ICD) and also supports the inlet and outlet connections for the pump to be appropriately engaged with corresponding connections for the RPU within the ICD. Correspondingly, in the illustrated example ofFIG.1A, the ICD120of the cooling system100includes at least one pump cassette180, which is configured (as shown by block arrow) for hot-swappable installation into or removal from the ICD120. In the illustrated example, the ICD120includes bays for two pump cassettes within the RPU160and the ICD120can thus receive two substantially identical instances of the pump cassette180(e.g., in a side-by-side or stacked configuration) for parallel or redundant operation. In other embodiments, other arrangements (e.g., different numbers) of RPUs, pump cassettes (e.g., pump cassette180) or of corresponding sub-systems of an ICD (e.g., bays within the ICD for RPUs) are possible.

FIG.1Billustrates example arrangements of the ICD120and the pump cassette180of the RPU160to provide hot-swappable pump capacity for cooling operations with the cooling system100. Only one pump cassette180is shown inFIG.1Bfor clarity of presentation. As noted above, some implementations can include multiple pump cassettes, including multiple substantially identical (or other) cassettes configured for parallel or redundant operation for cooling operations.

In the illustrated example, the pump cassette180includes a cassette frame210that supports a pump220and a flow connection module230in fluid communication with the pump220. The flow connection module230includes an inlet connection232and an outlet connection234, which are configured to interface with outlet connection152and inlet connection154, respectively, of the connection module150of the RPU160within the ICD120. Thus, when installed with the connection modules232,152and234,154engaged, the pump220can provide flow for cooling operations of the ICD120(e.g., via the manifold130as discussed above) and the cooling system100as a whole.

In some cases, other connection types can be included in the modules150,230or otherwise. For example, some connection modules for an RPU can include electronic connection modules as can allow electronic communication and power transfer between the RPU and an ICD generally (e.g., for the pump220, various sensors (not shown inFIGS.1A and1B), fan modules of the fan bank170, one or more controllers on the pump cassette180or within the ICD120, etc.). In some embodiments electronic connection modules can permit communication between control systems on an RPU (e.g., a variable frequency drive for the pump220) and a larger control system of the cooling system100(e.g., a programmable electronic controller190included in the ICD120(seeFIG.1A)).

In different examples, the cassette frame210can be differently configured. In some examples, the cassette frame210can include a skeletal support structure such as, for example, edge struts to form a rectangular scaffolding to which the pump220and the flow connection module230can be secured. In some examples, the cassette frame210can include a sled (e.g., an enclosed or partly enclosed rectangular box structure) that can support and more extensively shield the pump220and the flow connection module230. For example, the cassette frame210can be formed primarily as a bent sheet metal structure with a support floor for the pump220, one or more side walls, a front wall (e.g., a cover for an included fan to cool the pump220), etc. In some embodiments, a cassette frame210can be molded or otherwise formed from plastic or other polymers or composites.

In some cases, the flow connection module230can include only the inlet and outlet connection modules230,234. For example, the connection modules230,234can be free-floating inlet and outlet fittings or conduits or can otherwise be non-rigidly secured to the cassette frame210and the connection modules230,234can then be received and, as appropriate, aligned by corresponding structures of the RPU160within the ICD120. For example, the connection module150can include funnels or other tapered structures so that as the cassette is received into the corresponding bay of the ICD120, the connection module150can receive the outlet connection modules230,234with the outlet connection modules230,234within a relatively large range of potential positions (e.g., with a center of either of the connection modules230,234displaced from a nominal centered location by0.5times the diameter or greater of the relevant fitting or flow conduit).

In some cases, the connection modules230,234can be secured (e.g., rigidly secured) only to the pump220and thus may be only indirectly supported by the cassette frame210. For example, the pump220may be rigidly secured to the cassette frame210and the connection modules230,234may extend rigidly from the pump220, but the connection modules230,234may not be otherwise connected to or supported by the cassette frame210. In some embodiments, correspondingly, the connection modules230,234can be unified with the pump (e.g., part of a pump housing or included pump inlet or outlet structure) rather than included as separate components.

In some cases, the connection module150can be non-rigidly secured within the ICD120. For example, one or both of the connections152,154can be configured to be moved with the pump cassette180as the pump cassette180is moved into or out of the house (e.g., between an operational position within the RPU160and an installation/uninstallation position that is otherwise located inside or at least partly outside the RPU160).

In some examples, structures of the pump cassette180or of the ICD120(e.g., of the RPU160within the ICD120) can be configured to ensure appropriate support for the pump cassette180during installation or removal (e.g., in particular relative to the connection modules150,230. In some examples, the cassette frame210can integrally exhibit cassette support features, or can include separate components that are secured to the cassette frame210, secured to or included on the pump220, secured to or included on the connection module230, etc. to provide such features. Similarly, the RPU160within the ICD120(or the ICD120generally) can include cassette support features for the cassette frame210, including as can be integrally exhibited on a housing or frame member of the RPU160(or the ICD120generally) or otherwise secured within the ICD120.

Cassette support features can variously include: external or internal corners (e.g., of sheet metal frames or structural frame members); grooves or other recesses; protrusions (e.g., rails, pins, detents, hooks, or other non-linear protruding profiles, etc.); rollers (e.g., wheels, bearings, shafts, etc.); slides (e.g., telescoping slides) magnetic systems; levers; hinges; any variety of known systems for aligned movement of drawers or cabinet doors; etc. Thus, for example, the pump cassette180can include one or more cassette support features (e.g., features182,184as shown inFIG.1B) configured variously as a structure of, or attached to, the cassette frame210, the connection module230, or the pump220, including as a corner (e.g., of a sled or bottom support scaffold), as a protrusion or recess, as part of one or more roller assemblies or slides, etc. and the RPU160can correspondingly include one or more cassette support features (e.g., features162,164as shown inFIG.1B) configured, respectively, as a complementary corner guide, as a complementary recess or protrusion, as a complementary one or more roller assemblies or slides, etc., or vice versa.

In some examples, a locking system can be included to secure a pump cassette in an installed (or other) position. In some examples, a locking system can be part of an cassette support system (e.g., can include or use one or more cassette support features). For example, a locking system can secure a pump cassette in an installed position for cooling operations and can also be engaged to actively move the pump cassette into the installed position. In some examples, a locking system can be structured or can otherwise operate separately from a cassette support system.

In some embodiments, a locking system can be arranged to be readily accessed by authorized users from outside an ICD. For example, as shown inFIG.1B, a locking system for the RPU160(e.g., a locking system for retaining the pump cassette180within the RPU160) can include an ICD locking structure112and the pump cassette180can include a locking structure186configured to lockingly engage with the locking structure112to secure the pump cassette180within the ICD120for cooling operations.

In different examples, a variety of locking structures can be used, including: latch or bolt systems, rotary, or linear cam systems, spring-biased catches, or other structures, electronic or magnetic systems, manually or automatically actuated systems, screw locking mechanisms, etc. Thus, for example, the locking structure186of the pump cassette180can include a rotary cam, spring-biased or lever-operated latch, a threaded rod, or other similar extendable/retractable structure, and the locking structure112of the RPU160in the ICD120(or the ICD120generally) can include a corresponding recess, protrusion, or other structure that can lockingly engage with the locking structure186of the pump cassette180, or vice versa. In some examples, as also generally noted above, engagement of such a rotary cam, latch, or other structure on the locking structure186with the locking structure112can help to urge the pump cassette180into a final installed orientation (e.g., via linearized force of a rotating spiral cam, screw, or lever mechanism).

In some embodiments, engagement of relevant locking structures or other similar installation steps can result in enabling or other signals for operation a control system of the ICD120and the cooling system100generally (e.g., a pump drive, fan drive, or general purpose industrial controller of various known types (not shown)). For example, operation of the pump220may not be permitted in some examples until a switch or other sensor (not shown) of known or other configurations is activated to indicate proper engagement of the connection modules150,230, proper support of the pump cassette180overall, proper engagement of the locking structure186and the locking structure112, or one or more of other satisfactory diagnostic states.

Various other examples of RPUs and related systems are presented below. Unless otherwise indicated, use of similar reference numbers for similarly named components in different examples (e.g., the RPU160and an RPU160A) indicates similar possible structures and functionality for the discussed components. Thus, for example, discussion of the cooling system100herein generally also applies—at system and component levels—to other cooling systems100A,100B, etc. While the discussion below describes prospective RPUs as installed within cabinets housing air-to-liquid heat exchangers, or liquid-to-air heat exchangers, one of skill in the art will appreciate that RPUs can be provided in a variety of cooling configurations. For example, individual RPUs can be installed in one or more of the racks110ofFIG.1A, additionally or alternatively to the RPU160installed in the cooling system100. In some cases, multiple RPUs can be provided along a liquid coolant circuit, to increase a pumping capacity and cooling efficiency along the liquid coolant circuit. Further, RPUs can be provided in cabinets dedicated for liquid cooling, or an RPU can be co-located within a cabinet including electrical components to be cooled (e.g., a cabinet can house a liquid-to-air heat exchanger to cool electrical equipment within the cabinet).

FIG.2illustrates aspects of an RPU160A that can be implemented as an example of the RPU160(e.g., as discussed above) in a cooling system100A that is an example of the cooling system100(e.g., as discussed above). In particular, the RPU160A includes two pump cassettes180A (only one numbered) with blind mate liquid connections150A,320A (e.g., with quick-connect inlet fittings234A,154A and quick-connect outlet fittings232A,152A) so as to be easily installed into or removed from the RPU160A. As generally discussed relative to the RPU160, the pump cassettes180A of the RPU160A are arranged to operate in parallel with each other to provide pumped cooling flow from an upstream inlet155A of the RPU160A to a downstream outlet153A of the RPU160A (e.g., both with tri-clamp fittings as shown). Other components can also be included in some cases, including various flow equipment (e.g., an expansion tank157A as shown to accommodate for thermal expansion and other volume fluctuations), one or more flow sensor packages (e.g., for suction and supply temperature and pressure for the pump cassettes180A). An electronic controller190A can also be included (e.g., as part of or in communication with a variable frequency or other drive for the pumps of the pump cassettes180A), and appropriate communication channels (e.g., for wired communication) can be provided between the controller190A and the sensors, the pump cassettes180A (e.g., via quick-connect electrical connections (not shown)), etc. Although shown separately inFIG.2(e.g., as may be included within the ICD120ofFIG.1Aor other associated system), the controller190A can be partly or fully included on the RPU160A in some cases (e.g., with a dedicated controller on each of the pump cassettes180A and a main controller in a cabinet of an ICD includes receives the RPU160A). In some cases, the controller190A can be physically located on the RPU160A and can operate as a main controller for electronic components of the cooling system100A (e.g., for fans, power supply, pumps, etc.), regardless of whether the electronic components are located internally to the RPU160A or externally to the RPU160A. In some cases, as described below, the controller190A can be one of a pair of controllers housed in the RPU160A, the pair of controllers being either identical, or comprising programming for separate operating modes of a cooling system (e.g., cooling system100A) and electronic components thereof. In some cases, a pair of controllers housed in an RPU can provide redundancy, with one controller being a primary controller and the other controller being a backup controller, so that when the primary controller is not in operation (e.g., when the primary controller is removed for maintenance or replacement, or when the primary controller fails), the backup controller assumes control of the system until the primary controller is in operation again.

In some examples, a controller of an RPU can operate the pumps according to control procedures. For example, a user can input desired performance or operating characteristics of a cooling system, and a controller can control a pump speed and/or speeds of fans to achieve the desired values. In some cases, the controller can operate one or more of pump and fan speeds (e.g., a speed of pump220illustrated inFIGS.1and2and fans of fan bank170illustrated inFIG.1) according to a proportional integral derivative controller. For example, a user can set a target temperature value for an outlet of an ICD (e.g., ICD120) and a controller (e.g., a controller190housed in the RPU160) can iteratively adjust a pump speed and measure a change in temperature to achieve the target temperature. In some cases, a user or system can specify one or more of a target temperature, a target pressure, a target differential temperature (e.g., a differential between a temperature at an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchanger140), a target differential pressure, or any other value that is measurable by the system. In some cases, a user can control a speed of one or more pumps of an RPU directly by setting pump speed values at an interface of a controller (e.g., a web interface, an ethernet connection, a command line interface, a visual user interface, etc.). In some cases, a controller (e.g., controller190) can be programmable to control a pump speed according to any algorithm or process determined by an operator of the cooling system100.

In some cases, elements of a cooling system (e.g., the cooling system100or an example thereof) along a flow path of a liquid coolant can be filled with fluid before integration with or operation within the cooling system. For example, air bubbles within a liquid of a liquid coolant in a cooling system can damage components along the flow path and increase a wear on piping and flow control components, including pumps. It can be advantageous to include features within elements of a cooling system to allow the component to be filled with liquid (e.g., charged) before integration with a liquid cooling circuit, so that the component does not introduce air into a flow path of a liquid coolant. In this respect,FIG.2illustrates a fill/drain line with a port240A to facilitate charging of the RPU160A with a liquid (e.g., water). The port240A can also be used to drain a fluid from the RPU160A (e.g., to provide for replacement of a fluid of the RPU160A or removal or servicing of the RPU160A and elements thereof). As shown, the port240A can comprise a quick-connect connection and can be fluidly connected to a fill kit (not shown) for charging or recharging of the RPU160A with liquid coolant.

FIG.3illustrates aspects of a cooling system100B that can be implemented as an example of the cooling system100discussed above. In particular as shown, the cooling system100B includes an RPU160B that is generally similar to the RPU160A discussed above (see, e.g.,FIG.2), with additional sensor capabilities (e.g., with additional temperature and flow sensors relative to the RPU160A). The cooling system100B can accordingly implement cooling operations as similarly discussed above, with pump cassettes of the RPU160B providing pumping power to distribute cooled fluid to one or more external (or other) electronic systems to be cooled via through a liquid supply and to receive heated fluid from the one or more electronic systems through a liquid return (e.g., as both included in a manifold130B), as well as to move the heated fluid through a heat exchanger140B to be cooled by a fan bank170B. Correspondingly, various operations of the cooling system100B can be controlled by an electronic controller190B, including as may coordinate pump speed and fan speed based on data from the various illustrated (or other) sensors. Further, the RPU160B can also include a fill/drain line including a fill/drain port240B for charging or draining the RPU160B, as described with respect to port240A ofFIG.2.

FIG.4illustrates an example schematic of a control system400for the cooling system100B ofFIG.3. In the illustrated example, the control system400includes dedicated variable frequency drives for the pumps that are included on the respective pump cassettes180B, as well as integrated power supplies with different output voltages, electronic communication connections between the pump cassettes180B and other architecture of the control system400, including various sensors (e.g., as discussed above) and the controller190B. In some cases, a control system (e.g., control system400) can also include electronic components that are external to the RPU160B, including, for example, fans of a fan bank (e.g., fan bank170illustrated inFIG.1, fan bank170B illustrated inFIG.3). Further, the control system400can include a secondary controller191B, so that the controller190B can be one of a pair of redundant controllers, as described above.

FIG.5shows aspects of an RPU160C that can be implemented as an example of the RPU160(e.g., as discussed above) in an ICD120C of a cooling system100C that are examples of the ICD120and the cooling system100(e.g., as discussed above). In the illustrated example, the RPU160C includes a set of two substantially identical pump cassettes180C, each of which include a cassette frame210C that supports a pump220C and associated drive motor and cooling fan, and also supports a flow connection module230C with an inlet connection232C and an outlet connection234C. While numbering is only shown for one of the pump cassettes180C, it should be understood that the description of the numbered pump cassette180C is equally applicable to the pump cassette180C not including numbering.

The flow connections232C,234C can generally include known types of quick-connect fittings or other connection structures as generally described above and can be supported by the cassette frame210C to be appropriately aligned for engagement with corresponding connection modules on the RPU160C (not shown). In particular, the flow connection modules232C,234C are supported relative to the cassette frame210C by upstanding plate brackets260with support gussets262that provide further structural stability and shielding for the flow connection modules232C,234C. In other embodiments, however, a variety of other support arrangements (e.g., other direct support arrangements or various indirect support arrangements). For example, the flow connection modules232C,234C may not be directly supported by the cassette frame210C in some cases. As also noted above, electrical connections (e.g., electrical quick-connect connections of various known types) can also be provided, including as can provide power or control signals for the pumps220C (e.g., for variable frequency drives to control pump speed), and other electronic elements of the pump cassettes180C, which can include, for example, LEDs, sensors, locking mechanisms and switches, etc.

In the illustrated example, the cassette frame210C is formed primarily as a sled with a sled base212formed as a support platform of bent sheet metal with upwardly angled sides and a central support region that directly supports the associated pump220C and the associated flow connection modules232C,234C (e.g., via the plate bracket260as shown). The sled base212of the pump cassette180C is configured to slide directly on a base plate214of the RPU160C so that the base plate214and the RPU160C as a whole generally guides the sled base212for movement between installed and uninstalled positions. For example, the sled base212can be sized for guiding contact with edges of an opening216in a front plate of the RPU160C or guiding contact with other guide features of the RPU160C (e.g., features integrally formed with the base plate214, or fixedly secured thereto). In some cases, the sled base212can include integral or otherwise connected (but non-integral) features that can help to appropriately align the pump cassette180C generally or the flow connection modules232C,234C in particular. In some examples, as also generally noted above, the flow connection modules232C,234C or other features on the pump cassette180C can exhibit a floating configuration and corresponding flow connections on the RPU160C can be configured to receive and align the flow connection modules232C,234C for cooling operations. Additionally or alternatively to including dedicated attached or integral cassette support features, a pump cassette can be configured to be moved into (and secured in) for cooling operations by a locking mechanism, including as further discussed below.

Referring now also toFIGS.7A through9C, the pump cassette180C includes a rotating locking mechanism by which a rotational input by a user locks the pump cassette180C in an installed (and operational) position. In the illustrated example, the locking mechanism of the pump cassette180C can also help to complete insertion and support of the pump cassette180C with respect to the ICD120C, although other configurations may not necessarily permit such functionality. In particular, as shown inFIGS.7A and7B, the pump cassette180C includes a locking structure186C that includes a handle188that is accessible for rotation from outside the RPU160C and that is attached to an internal locking cam192. The locking cam192includes a cylindrical base194that extends from the handle188and a spiral cam protrusion196that protrudes generally radially from the cylindrical base194, as additionally shown inFIG.8A.

Referring back toFIGS.7A and7B, on the RPU160C, a corresponding locking structure112C can include a slot114configured to engage the cam protrusion196in a locking and cassette support engagement (e.g., as shown inFIG.8B). In particular, in the illustrated example, the slot114is transversely and obliquely angled relative to an insertion direction of the pump cassette180C. Accordingly, as illustrated inFIGS.9A through9C, the slot114can engage the cam protrusion196once the cassette180C has been inserted through the opening, as the handle is rotated from an unlocked position (e.g., fully vertical) through an intermediate position (seeFIGS.7A,9A, and9B) to a locked position (seeFIGS.7B and9C), to pull the cassette180C into appropriate support for coolant flow from the connection module230C into the ICD120C and to lock the cassette180C into the aligned (installed and operational) position. In other embodiments, other locking arrangements can similarly secure a cassette or can similarly urge a cassette into operational support, including as may be implemented via other rotational or non-rotational cammed arrangements, via lever mechanisms, pins, latches, etc. In some cases, a locking arrangement can itself be secured in a particular (e.g., locked) configuration, including using fasteners, detents, clasps, or other devices.

In some cases, a locking arrangement (or other sub-system) can include stops to prevent over-insertion of components of an RPU. For example, as shown inFIGS.9B and9C, the locking structure112C includes a stop116that can prevent over-insertion of the pump cassette180C while also providing provide contact (e.g., tactile) feedback to a user that can indicate that the pump cassette180C is positioned for locking operations using the locking structures186C,112C. Similar or otherwise configured stops can be arranged to provide similar stop functionality in other cases, or to provide other operational stops (e.g., relative to locking or unlocking rotation of the handle188or other locking component).

FIG.10shows aspects of an RPU160D that can be implemented as an example of the RPU160(e.g., as discussed above) in an ICD120D of a cooling system100D, which can be examples of the ICD120and the cooling system100(e.g., as discussed above). In general, the RPU160D is similar to the RPU160C (see, e.g.,FIG.5), including relative to a pump cassette180D with a cassette frame210D formed to include a sheet metal sled base212D, and relative to locking structures186D,112D arranged as a rotational cam system that can both lock and align the pump cassette180D (e.g., similar to the locking structures186C,112C discussed above).

In some aspects, however, the RPU160D differs from the RPU160C. For example, a guide member218is secured to the cassette frame210D at the sled base212D and a corresponding (e.g., complementary) guide member222is secured to a base plate214D of the RPU160D. In particular, the guide member218defines two protrusions on opposing sides of a channel, and the guide member222is a rail secured to the base plate214D to provide a protrusion from the base plate214D that is complementary to the guide member218(with appropriate clearance for sliding movement). Thus, for example, contact between the guide members218,222can help to guide translational movement of the pump cassette180D during installation or removal of the pump cassette180D relative to the ICD120D, and can limit or restrict a lateral movement (e.g., a horizontal movement perpendicular to the insertion direction) of the pump cassette180D.

In the illustrated example, squared protrusions and a squared recess are provided, but other configurations are possible, and some embodiments can include more or fewer protruding (or other) guide structures. Further, although the guide members218,222extend continuously over substantially all of the length of the pump cassette180D as shown, some examples can include guide features that extend non-continuously along a pump cassette or other RPU structure, or that extend along only part of an entire length of a pump cassette (e.g., collectively over less than 80%, less than 60%, less than 50%, or less than 30% of a relevant length). Further, reversed arrangements may be possible in some cases (e.g., with a guide recesses on an RPU that receives a guide protrusion on a pump cassette), as well as other possibilities discussed above.

As another example of differences relative to the RPU160C, the sled base212D of the pump cassette180D pump does not directly support an inlet connection232D and an outlet connection234D for an associated pump220D. Rather, inlet and outlet structures (e.g., the inlet connection232D and outlet connection234D) with various types of known plumbing fittings or other components (not shown) can extend from the inlets and outlets of the pump220D and can be directly supported only by the pump220D (or other structures not including the sled base212D), rather than being supported by brackets, gussets or other similar structures that extend from the sled base214D (e.g., in contrast to the brackets260and gussets262shown inFIG.5).

FIG.11shows aspects of another RPU160E that can be implemented as an example of the RPU160(e.g., as discussed above). The RPU160E is generally similar to the RPUs160C,160D discussed above, including relative to support structures and powered equipment, but differs in some respects. For example, a locking mechanism of a pump cassette180E of the RPU160E can include a handle configured as a lever242that hinges about an axis (e.g., a fixed horizontal axis, as shown) to move a pin244between a locked configuration (as shown inFIG.11) and an unlocked configuration (not shown). Thus, via movement of the lever242, the pin244can be moved to permit or prevent the pump cassette180E from being removed from the RPU160E. In some examples, the pin244or other structure associated with the lever242can be configured to move the pump cassette180E into position for cooling operations (e.g., generally similarly to the locking structures186C,112C discussed above). In some embodiments, a sensor246(e.g., a contact switch or other proximity sensor) can sense the position of the lever242and can send corresponding control signals to a controller (e.g., to indicate that the pump cassette180E is or is not properly locked and thus is or is not ready for cooling operations). In different embodiments, any variety of known sensors can be used for a similar purpose, and similar sensor systems can be implemented relative to other RPUs discussed herein.

FIGS.12A and12Bshow aspects of another cooling system100F with an ICD120F and an RPU160F that can be implemented as an example of the cooling system100, the ICD120, and the RPU160(e.g., as discussed above). The RPU160F is generally similar to the RPUs160C,160D discussed above, including relative to support structures and powered equipment, but differs in some respects. For example, a locking mechanism of a pump cassette180F of the RPU160F can include a rotatable knob188F which can be rotated by a user in a first direction (e.g., clockwise) to secure the pump cassette180F within the RPU160F in a locked configuration and can be rotated in a second direction opposite the first direction (e.g., counter-clockwise) to move a retention mechanism of the RPU160F to an unlocked configuration. In some examples, as further described below, retention mechanisms (not shown) of the pump cassette180F and the RPU160F can engage to move the pump cassette180F into position for cooling operations when the knob188F is rotated to place the retention mechanism in a locked configuration. Pump cassettes180F of the RPU160F can include features to assist in installation and removal of the cassette180F. For example, as shown, the pump cassettes can include a handle250F to provide a location for an operator to grip the pump cassette180F when removing or installing the cassette180F. In some embodiments (e.g., including as described below with respect toFIG.20), pump cassettes180F can include additional handles and gripping features, as can allow for two-handed engagement of an operator with the cassette. Further, the pump cassettes180F can include fan modules264F for cooling components of the respective pump cassette180F (e.g., a pump of the pump cassette180F). The fan module264F can operate to blow air across components of the pump cassette in a direction toward a rear of the RPU160F (e.g., towards a hot aisle of a data center, in an insertion direction of the pump cassette180C).

Ports for filling or draining fluid from an RPU can be provided in an easily accessible location, to allow servicing of the RPU and charging of the RPU from a cold aisle of a data center. As further shown inFIGS.12A and12B, a liquid port240F (e.g., similar to port240A shown inFIG.2and port240B shown inFIG.3) can be provided at a front face of the RPU160F. The port240F can comprise a quick-connect connection to allow hosing of a liquid fill/drain kit (not shown) to connect to the port240F to charge the RPU160F and components thereof, or to drain a fluid from the RPU160F. In some embodiments, including as described with respect toFIGS.25and26, one or more liquid ports can be provided in a rear of an RPU, to allow servicing from a rear of a cabinet in which the RPU is installed (e.g., a hot aisle within a data center). Further, the illustrated embodiment ofFIGS.12A and12Bincludes only one port, however, in other embodiments, more than one port can be provided for a liquid fill/drain line.

In some cases, as described above, an RPU can include control systems for controlling operation of a cooling system. The control systems can include local control elements of components (e.g., pumps) within the RPU, and can include controllers which can be in communication with elements of an ICU (e.g., fans of the fan bank170illustrated inFIG.1). As further shown inFIGS.12A and12B, the RPU160F can include a removable controller190F. The controller190F can be mounted in a slot of the RPU160F and can include a handle198F to facilitate easy removal and insertion of the controller190F from the RPU160F. In some cases, the handle198F can engage a retention mechanism for the controller190F, and removal of the controller190F can require a vertical displacement of the handle198F to disengage the retention mechanism before removal of the controller190F in a direction opposite the insertion direction of the controller190F. As further shown, the RPU160F can include a second controller191F, which can be substantially identical to the controller190F with regard to mechanical features. In some cases, a programming of each of the controllers190F,191F can be substantially similar (e.g., identical). In some cases, one of the controllers190F,191F is a primary controller, and the other of the controllers190F,191F is a backup controller. The primary controller can operate to control electrical components of the ICD120F when in operation. When the primary controller is removed or otherwise is uncommunicative with electronic components of the ICD120F (e.g., when the primary controller fails), the backup controller can assume control of the electrical components of the ICD120F until the primary controller resumes operation. In some cases, the controllers190F,191F can be differently programmed, and can each include instructions for implementing different operating modes from the other of the controller190F,191F. In some cases, an operator can select one of the controllers190F,191F to be a primary controller. The controllers190F,191F can include interfaces (e.g., TCP/IP, Modbus, ethernet, etc. as described with respect toFIG.4) to allow interaction with other electrical components of the ICD120F and can further allow an operator of the ICD120F to connect to either or both of the controllers190F,191F to read operating parameters therefrom, or to set values (e.g., set points for target temperatures, target pressures, maximum and minimum values for operating parameters, etc.). Further, the controllers190F,191F can be hot-swappable, and the cooling system100F can continue operation when one of the controllers190F,191F is removed, without interruption to an operation of the cooling system100F.

FIG.13further illustrates aspects of the RPU160F, showing the RPU160F isolated from the cooling system100F and the ICD120F. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the RPU160F can be used in liquid cooling systems of a different configuration than the cooling system100F and ICD120F. For example, the RPU160F, as shown, has a height of four rack units (e.g., 4U), as can occupy four standard slots in cabinets of a data center. The RPU160F can thus be installed in any cabinet with four consecutive available slots and can pump fluid along a liquid coolant circuit. In some cases, a cabinet in which the RPU160F is installed can include heat exchange elements (e.g., the cabinet can be a liquid-to air cooling unit, an air-to-liquid cooling unit, can house a liquid-to-air heat exchanger, or can be integrated with a rear-door liquid-to-air heat exchanger). In some cases, the RPU160F can be installed in a cabinet not including heat exchange components and can function to induce flow along a liquid cooling circuit either alone, or in coordination with other RPUs.

Referring now toFIG.14, as described with respect to RPU160C illustrated inFIGS.5and6, each pump cassette180F can include a cassette frame210F that supports a pump220F and associated drive motor and the cooling fan264F, and also supports a flow connection module230F with an inlet connection232F and an outlet connection234F, as examples of the inlet connection232and outlet connection234described with respect toFIG.1. The flow connections232F,234F can generally include known types of quick-connect fittings or other connection structures as generally described above. As shown, the flow connections232F,234F of the flow connection module230F are supported by the pump220F (e.g., similar to flow connections232D,234D of pump cassette180D shown inFIG.10). In some examples, upstanding plate brackets can be provided on an RPU (e.g., alternatively or additionally to providing a support plate on a pump cassette, as shown inFIG.6). Plate brackets of an RPU can support connection modules of the RPU for positioning with connection modules of pump cassettes inserted into the RPU. As illustrated, for example, the RPU160F includes an upstanding plate bracket260F for supporting elements of the RPU160F including inlet connection F and outlet connection154F. The plate bracket260F can support the connections152F,154F at a location to be appropriately aligned for engagement with corresponding connections232F,234F of the pump cassette180F. As also noted above, electrical connections (e.g., electrical quick-connect connections of various known types) can also be provided, including as can provide power or control signals for the pumps220F (e.g., for variable frequency drives to control pump speed).

In some cases, cassette support features and mechanisms can be provided in an RPU to support and align a pump cassette within an RPU. Providing cassette support features on only one of the RPU or pump cassette can simplify insertion and removal of a pump cassette from the RPU and can further simplify a manufacturing process for RPUs. It can be advantageous to minimize cassette support features built into a pump cassette, for example, to reduce a manufacturing cost, as a pump cassette is likely to be replaced with more frequency than a frame of an RPU. Further, cassette support features of an RPU can rely on gravity to prevent a vertical displacement of the RPU, which can eliminate a need for rails or other mechanisms on a pump cassette or RPU to ensure vertical positioning.

In this regard,FIGS.15and16illustrate cassette support features of the RPU160F, showing the RPU160F with one pump cassette180F removed. As shown, the RPU160F can include cassette support features which can be integrally formed with or fixed to a base plate214F of the RPU160F. The cassette support features can include a raised central member222F, a first side bracket802and a second side bracket804. The raised central member222F can define a substantially flat horizontal surface, configured to engage a bottom surface of a pump cassette (e.g., the pump cassette180F). The side brackets802,804can be each be a mirror image of the other side bracket802,804and can include features for lateral support of a pump cassette to be inserted into the RPU160F. For example, the side brackets can define an “L” shape, with a first surface808(e.g., a horizontal surface) that is configured to engage a bottom surface of a pump cassette, and a second surface810(e.g., a vertical surface) that is substantially perpendicular to the first surface808and is configured to engage a lateral side of a sled base of the pump cassette180F (e.g., as shown inFIG.18). The substantially flat horizontal surface of the raised central member222F can be co-planar with the first surface808of each of the first and second brackets802,804, as can allow a pump cassette inserted into the RPU160F to rest on a substantially level surface. Gaps can be defined between the raised central member222F and the side brackets802,804, as can allow airflow beneath a pump cassette180F inserted into the RPU160F, and also reduce a friction during insertion and removal. In some embodiments, side brackets and a raised central member can be included in a single integral support feature, and first surfaces of respective side brackets can be continuous with a substantially flat horizontal surface of the raised central member (e.g., with no gaps between the surfaces).

A relative positioning of side brackets of cassette support features for an RPU can ensure lateral positioning of a pump cassette inserted into an RPU and prevent lateral displacement of an installed pump cassette. For example, a distance between the second surface810of the first bracket802and a second surface810of the second bracket804can be substantially identical to a width of a sled base of a pump cassette180F (e.g., sled base212F as shown inFIG.18and described below). Thus, an engagement between the second surfaces810of the respective side brackets802,804and lateral sides of a sled base of the pump cassette180F can prevent displacement of an inserted pump cassette180F. In some embodiments, as illustrated, angled guide features812of the second surface can be angled laterally outwardly (e.g., away from an opposing side bracket), so that a distance between the second surfaces810of the first and second brackets802,804along the angled guide features812can be greater than a width of a base of the pump cassette180F. The angled guide features812can be positioned proximate to an entry point of the pump cassette180F and can guide insertion of the pump cassette180F so that positioning of the pump cassette180F is not required before insertion. In some embodiments, a second surface (e.g., a vertical surface) of side brackets of a cassette support system for a pump cassette in an RPU can be substantially planar along a length of the side bracket.

In some cases, an RPU can further include features and systems for preventing a longitudinal displacement of a pump cassette within the RPU (e.g., a displacement of an installed pump cassette in a direction parallel to an insertion direction of the RPU). Systems for preventing longitudinal displacement of a pump cassette can be configured to provide a locked configuration and an unlocked configuration of a retention mechanism of the pump cassette and RPU, as described above. As illustrated a collar814can be provided for the RPU160F and can be supported by and fixed to the bracket260F. The collar814can include a threaded bore818, which can be configured to receive a threaded rod of a pump cassette (e.g., threaded rod906of pump cassette180F as shown inFIG.17). An engagement between a threaded rod of a pump cassette and the collar814can tighten an engagement between connection modules of a pump cassette and an RPU (e.g., between respective connections232F,234F of the pump cassette180F and connections152F and154F of the RPU160F) and can prevent longitudinal displacement of the pump cassette within the RPU in a locked configuration.

Referring now toFIG.17, the pump cassette180F is shown, defining geometries and features configured to engage cassette support and retention features of an RPU (e.g., as described with respect to features of RPU160F shown inFIGS.15and16). For example, the pump cassette180F includes a sled base212F with a bottom surface903and opposing lateral surfaces904(e.g., vertical surfaces perpendicular to the bottom surface903) which can be sized and configured to engage with surfaces of the raised central member222F and side brackets802,804(e.g., as shown inFIGS.15and16).

The pump cassette180F can include a threaded rod906that can be sized to be received into the threaded bore818of the collar814illustrated inFIGS.15. The threaded rod can extend along a length of the pump cassette180F and can be mechanically connected to the knob188F extending from a front surface of the pump cassette. Rotation of the knob188F can cause corresponding rotation of the threaded rod906, as can allow an operator to secure the pump cassette180F within an RPU from a front side of the RPU. In some embodiments, support members can be provided along a pump cassette to support a threaded rod and ensure positioning of the threaded rod with a corresponding collar of an RPU during insertion. For example, as further illustrated inFIG.17, a support wall910can be provided in a back portion of the pump cassette, and the support wall can include an aperture (e.g., a bore in a collar of the pump cassette) for receiving the threaded rod906. An aperture provided in a support wall can thus prevent or restrain a lateral and vertical displacement of a threaded rod relative to a pump cassette, which can allow positioning of the threaded rod with a collar of an RPU during installation of the pump cassette.

FIG.18is a cross-sectional view of a single of the RPU160F with the pump cassette180F installed therein. In particular,FIG.18illustrates an engagement between surfaces of the sled base212F of the pump cassette180F and cassette support features222F,802,804of the RPU160F. As shown, when the pump cassette180F is installed in the RPU160F, the bottom surface903is in contact with the horizontal surface of the central raised member222F, and the first surfaces808of the first and second bs802,804. Further, the opposing lateral surfaces904are engaged with respective second surfaces810of the side brackets802,804. In some embodiments, lateral surfaces of a base of a pump cassette are not in contact with first sides of side brackets, and a minimal gap can be provided between the lateral surfaces and corresponding first surfaces to reduce a friction during installation, allow for a margin of error in a width of the base, allow for thermal expansion of components of the pump cassette and RPU, etc. Thus, the cassette support features of the RPU160F (e.g., the central raised member222F, and side brackets802,804) can limit or prevent a displacement in a vertical direction (e.g., in conjunction with gravity) and a lateral direction.

As noted above, an RPU and/or pump cassette can further include mechanisms to prevent or limit displacement in a longitudinal direction (e.g., a direction parallel to an insertion direction), and secure the pump cassette in place relative to the RPU. For example,FIG.19is a cross-sectional view of the RPU160F, illustrates an engagement between the threaded rod906of the pump cassette180F (e.g., as illustrated inFIG.17) and the collar814of the RPU (e.g., as illustrated inFIG.15). The collar814, as shown, can include a peripheral flange820which can engage the bracket260F to oppose displacement of the collar814in a direction opposite the insertion direction of the pump cassette180F.As shown, the threaded rod906extends along a length of the pump cassette180F and extends rearwardly from the pump cassette180F. In the installed configuration, as shown, the threaded rod906is at least partially received into the collar814and is coaxial with the threaded bore818. Thus, a rotation of the knob188F in a first direction (e.g., clockwise) can secure the threaded rod906within the collar814and tighten an engagement between the pump cassette180F and the RPU160F (e.g., can displace the pump cassette180F in the insertion direction to bring elements such as quick connect fittings into tighter engagement). A rotation of the knob188F in the opposite direction (e.g., counter-clockwise) can displace the pump cassette180F in a direction opposite the insertion direction and can ultimately disengage the threaded rod906from the collar814, allowing removal of the pump cassette180F from the RPU160F. In some embodiments, a threaded rod can be threaded along an entire length of the rod (e.g., as illustrated). In some embodiments, a threaded rod can be threaded only at a distal end to engage a collar of the RPU. In other embodiments, and rod for securing a pump cassette within an RPU can include a cam structure which can be rotated to overhang a surface of the RPU and restrict longitudinal displacement of the pump cassette. In some embodiments, any know mechanisms for securing a fastening element of a rod to a structure in response to a rotational movement can be used to secure a pump cassette within an RPU.

In some embodiments, pump cassettes can include additional features to provide grip points for an operator, and ease an installation, removal, and transportation of the pump cassette. For example, a pump cassette may have considerable weight, and providing two handles for the cassette at a front of the cassette can allow an operator to grip the cassette with two hands, which can improve a control of the operator when inserting or removing a pump cassette. In this regard,FIG.20illustrates an RPU160G, which can be an example of the RPU160described inFIGS.1and2. As shown, the RPU160G can include a pump cassette180G, with a first handle250G and a second handle251G provided on a front face of the pump cassette180G. In the illustrated embodiment, the handles250G,251G are spaced apart on opposite lateral sides of the pump cassette, and are oriented vertically (e.g., the handles are parallel and extend upwardly from the perspective shown). In other embodiments, handles of a pump cassette can be positioned on opposite vertical sides (e.g., at a top and bottom) of a front face of a pump cassette, and can be oriented horizontally (e.g., the handles can at least partially span a lateral width of the pump cassette). In some embodiments, handles of a pump cassette can be positioned at an oblique angle relative to a vertical direction, and can be positioned to increase a comfort of an operator when using the handles to insert or remove the pump cassette.

In some cases, pump cassettes can further include carrying handles to facilitate transportation of the pump cassette (e.g., carrying the pump cassette when the pump cassette is not aligned with an opening in an RPU). In this regard,FIG.20illustrates a rear handle2000for the pump cassette180G. The rear handle2000can span a width of the pump cassette180G and can be secured to the pump cassette180G at opposing lateral sides of a sled base222G of the pump cassette180G. In some embodiments, a rear handle of a pump cassette can include features for enhancing a comfort of a user when the user is transporting the pump cassette. For example, a rear handle can include a rubber, a foam, or gripping grooves at a gripping surface of the handle. In some embodiments, the rear handle can be positioned longitudinally along the pump cassette to provide a balancing of a weight of the pump cassette about the rear handle when a user is carrying the pump cassette by the rear handle.

In some cases, retention mechanisms of a pump cassette can be automated, and can be electrically driven. For example, in some embodiment, including as shown inFIG.21, a pump cassette does not include a knob for rotating a threaded rod906H of the pump cassette180H. For example, the threaded rod906H can be operatively connected to a motor (not shown), such as a servo motor, for example, and the motor can rotate the threaded rod906H to engage or disengage a corresponding retention feature of an RPU (e.g., the collar814of the RPU160F, shown inFIGS.15,16, and19). A pump cassette including an automated retention mechanism may still allow for manual installation and engagement of the retention mechanism to place the pump cassette in a locked or unlocked configuration relative to an RPU. In this regard,FIG.21illustrates a hexagonal protrusion188H protruding from a front face of the pump cassette180H. The hexagonal protrusion188H may allow the use of tools, such as the illustrated socket wrench2102to rotate the threaded rod906H in order to install or disengage the pump cassette180H from an RPU. In some embodiments, the hexagonal protrusion can be sized to fit a standard socket head of a socket wrench (e.g., the socket wrench2102). For example, the hexagonal protrusion can be sized to be received into a ¼ inch socket head, a ⅜ inch socket head, a ½ inch socket head, a ¾ inch socket head, a 1 inch socket head, or may have any other size (e.g., a cross-sectional profile) that may be received into a socket head having a standard size. In some cases, a removable knob can be provided to engage the hexagonal protrusion188H to rotate the threaded rod906H to either install or disengage the pump cassette180H from an RPU.

In some cases, when a pump cassette is installed or removed from an RPU, the engagement and disengagement of connections (e.g., inlet connections and outlet connections of the RPU and the pump cassette) can produce leakage of fluid at an interface between the connections. Thus, drip pans can be provided at interfaces between connections to capture leaked fluid in order to prevent a leakage of the fluid onto other portions of the RPU or cooling system. For example,FIG.21further illustrates a drip pan2104. The drip pan2104is positioned vertically beneath connections132H,134H of the pump cassette180H, to receive fluid that may leak from the respective connections during an installation or removal of the pump cassette180H into an RPU. The drip pan has a first wing2106on a first side of the connections132H134H, and a second wing (not shown) on an opposite lateral side of the connections132H,134H. The first wing2106and second wing can comprise a “V” shape, with distal ends of each wing being elevated relative to a central joining point (e.g., a vertex of the V shape of the drip pan2104, not shown). The drip pan can define retention sidewalls2108along a perimeter of the drip pan defining a valley between sidewalls2108, to prevent flow of fluid out of the drip pan2104. In some embodiments, a pump cassette does not include a drip pan.

FIGS.22A and22Billustrate another retention mechanism for a pump cassette1801, as an example of pump cassette180described inFIGS.1and2. As shown, a ratcheting handle1881can be provided along a front face of the pump cassette. The ratcheting handle1881can be mechanically coupled to a shaft9061, which can include a threaded portion at a distal end (not shown) to be received into a collar of an RPU (e.g., collar814of RPU160F) to secure the pump cassette1801to the RPU. As shown, the ratcheting handle1881is installed over a plate2200. As illustrated inFIG.22B, the plate2200can define an aperture2201to at least partially receive the ratcheting handle1881. The aperture2201can include a ratchet section defined between a first stopping surface2204and a second stopping surface2206. The ratcheting handle1881can include a protruding member2202that is sized to be received into a radial area of the aperture2201between the stopping surfaces2204,2206. Rotation of the ratcheting handle relative to the plate2200can thus be constrained by an engagement between the protruding member2202and the respective stopping surfaces2204,2206. In some embodiments, the stopping surfaces2204,2206can be angularly spaced from each other by about90degrees, as can allow a90degree rotation of the ratcheting handle1881relative to the plate2200. In some embodiments, an angular space between stopping surfaces of a plate constraining angular rotation of a ratcheting handle can be more than 90 degrees, or less than 90 degrees. In some embodiments, a ratcheting handle is not rotationally constrained (e.g., a pump cassette does not include a plate with stopping surfaces). In some cases, when the ratcheting handle1881is turned in a first direction (e.g., clockwise), the ratcheting handle1881engages the shaft9061to produce a corresponding rotation of the shaft9061, and when the ratcheting handle is turned in a direction opposite the first direction (e.g., counterclockwise), the ratcheting handle does not engage the shaft9061, and thus, does not produce a corresponding rotation of the shaft9061.

In some cases, an RPU can receive a heated fluid from electrical components being cooled by a cooling system (e.g., cooling system100described with respect toFIGS.1and2). Heated fluid can expand and increase a pressure in plumbing elements of a cooling system, including an ICD and an RPU (e.g., ICD120and RPU160shown inFIGS.1and2). Thus, in some cases, an increased heat load of electrical components to be cooled can cause a corresponding increase in pressure in an RPU. When a heat of the fluid in the RPU exceeds a boiling point, fluid (e.g., water) can boil and escape the liquid cooling circuit. Leakage of fluid through the circuit can negatively decrease an overall pressure and reduce a cooling efficiency of the cooling system. In some cases, then, systems can be provided for an RPU to regulate a pressure within fluid lines of the RPU, and mitigate a fluid loss within the RPU (e.g., due to boiling or leakage of fluid). In this regard,FIG.23illustrates an RPU160J, which is an example of the RPU160illustrated inFIGS.1and2.

In some embodiments, for example, an RPU can include an internal expansion tank, which can accommodate for thermal expansion and other volume fluctuations. An internal expansion tank can be charged to maintain a fluid beneath a threshold pressure (e.g., 1 bar), and when a pressure along a fluid line exceed that value, the expansion tank can relieve a pressure along a fluid line by receiving a portion of the fluid (e.g., in the case of thermal expansion) until a pressure of a fluid line falls below the threshold pressure. It can thus be advantageous to position an expansion tank along an inlet of an RPU, upstream of pumping components, as can provide protection for pumping components against a wear caused by a thermal expansion of a fluid and a resulting pressure increase. In this regard,FIG.23illustrates an expansion tank157J within the RPU160J. As shown, the expansion tank157J is fluidly connected to piping of the RPU160J, at a point that is downstream of a RPU inlet153J, and upstream of inlets152to pump cassettes180J. So positioned, the expansion tank157J can absorb an increased pressure of a heated fluid flowing into the RPU160J at RPU inlet153J so that a pressure along piping components of the RPU160J is maintained below a threshold pressure. In some embodiments, an expansion tank can implement a threshold pressure of about 1 bar, about 1.1 bar, about 1.2 bar, about 1.3 bar, about 1.4 bar, or about 1.5 bar.

In some cases, systems can be provided for an RPU to at least partially regulate a pressure within piping components of the RPU by replacing fluid that is lost along a fluid coolant circuit. For example, a fluid of a liquid cooling circuit can leak when components along the liquid cooling circuit are removed or replaced. In some cases, when a quick connect connection is either connected or disconnected, this can result in a fluid loss. In some cases, fluid can be lost when a temperature of fluid within a liquid cooling circuit exceeds a boiling temperature, and fluid boils out of the piping of the liquid cooling circuit. In some cases, liquid cooling components (e.g., an RPU) can include fluid reservoirs to replace fluid loss within a system. The reservoir can be connected to piping of the liquid cooling components, and when a pressure decreases within the piping of the liquid cooling components, fluid from the reservoir can flow into the piping until a pressure of the system is restored, or until a pressure of fluid in the reservoir is approximately equal to a pressure of fluid in piping of liquid cooling components. In this regard,FIG.23illustrates a fluid reservoir2300within the RPU160J. The fluid reservoir2300can be fluidly connected to a portion of the piping of the RPU160J between the RPU inlet153J and the inlet152of the pump cassettes180J (e.g., via hose2301). When a pressure of fluid within the piping drops below a minimum pressure, this can produce a suction along the hose2301, drawing fluid from the reservoir into the piping of the RPU160J. Fluid can flow from the reservoir2300to the piping of the RPU160J until a minimum pressure has been reached for the system. In some cases, a reservoir can be fluidly connected to piping of an RPU at a different point. For example, a reservoir can be fluidly connected to piping between an outlet of the pump cassettes154J and an RPU outlet155J. Other configurations are possible, and pressure regulation elements (e.g., expansion tank157J, reservoir2300) can be fluidly positioned at any point along a flow path of a liquid cooling circuit. In some embodiments, an RPU does not include either of an expansion tank or a reservoir or includes only one of the expansion tank and the reservoir.

In some embodiments, an RPU can include a pressure regulating cap to relieve a pressure of fluid in the system when the fluid is boiling. For example, when a pressure exceeds a maximum value, a pressure cap can automatically open to relieve a pressure along a fluid coolant circuit (e.g., by allowing a steam or heated water to exit piping of the circuit through the pressure cap). In this regard, the RPU160J can include a pressure cap2308. The pressure cap2308can automatically open to relieve a pressure when a fluid within the RPU160J (e.g., a fluid of the reservoir2300) boils. In some cases, the pressure cap2308can be adjustable, and can be set to relieve a pressure when a pressure exceeds a value set by the user. In some embodiments, a pressure cap can be located at any point along piping of an RPU. In some embodiments, an RPU can include multiple pressure caps, including to mitigate overpressure when a pressure differential exists across components of an RPU.

In some cases, piping of an RPU can include flexible hosing sections. For example, piping elements of a RPU can experience loads which can result in a temporary or permanent deformation of a respective component. In some cases, insertion of a pump cassette into the RPU can produce a temporary load on piping connected to connectors (e.g., connectors152,154) of the RPU. In some cases, pipes can expand when a temperature of a fluid flowing through the pipes increases and can contract when a temperature of a fluid flowing through the pipes. In some examples, all piping in an RPU can be rigid, a deformation or load on one portion of the piping can result in a corresponding deformation along the entire piping of an RPU. A cumulative deformation and load from loads on different portions of a rigid piping assembly of an RPU can produce a wear across piping elements of the system, as can degrade a lifespan of the RPU and components thereof. The RPU160J can include features for preventing the above-described issue, and flexible hosing2304,2306can be provided at points along a piping of the RPU160J to prevent transfer of a force or load on one component to produce a corresponding force or deformation across all piping of the RPU260J. The flexible hosing2304,2306can absorb a force, and can deform to accommodate the force, thus reducing a load on the remainder of the piping. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible hosing2304,2306extends laterally, thus partially mechanically decoupling piping elements on a first lateral side of the RPU160J and piping elements on a lateral side of the RPU160J opposite the first lateral side. In the illustrated embodiment, the flexible hosing2304is provided between parallel piping elements of fluid inlet (e.g., between fluid inlets154) and the flexible hosing2306is provided between parallel piping elements of a fluid outlet (e.g., between fluid outlets152). In other embodiments, flexible hosing can be provided at different points along piping of an RPU. In some examples, flexible piping can be provided along a longitudinal piping of the RPU160J (e.g., flexible hosing can extend between a front and a rear of the RPU160J, rather than laterally). In some embodiments, all piping of an RPU can comprise a flexible hosing.

An RPU can include air flow components to cool elements of the RPU by inducing a flow of air across the RPU. For example, as shown inFIG.24A, a RPU160K can include fans264K on respective pump cassettes180K of the RPU160K (e.g., similar, or identical to fans264F of RPU160F shown inFIG.13). In some embodiments, the fans264K can produce a flow of air in a direction parallel to an insertion direction of the pump cassettes180K into the RPU160K (e.g., from a front of the RPU160K towards a back of the RPU160K. In some embodiments, fans264K can operate to pull air across components of the RPU160K in a direction opposite the insertion direction of the pump cassettes180K. Increasing an air flow across the RPU can increase a cooling of components of the RPU, which can extend a lifetime of system components. In some embodiments, additional fans can be provided along an RPU to increase an air flow through the RPU. As shown inFIG.24B, a rear of the RPU160K (e.g., a portion of the RPU160K proximate to a hot aisle when the RPU is installed in a cabinet) can include a rear fan265. The rear fan265can operate to increase an air flow through the RPU160K, in conjunction with the fans264K of the pump cassettes180K. For example, when the pump cassette fans264K are operating to blow air in an insertion direction of the pump cassette180K, the rear fan265can operate to pull air across the RPU160K in the same direction of air flow (i.e., in the insertion direction of pump cassette180K). In some cases, the rear fan265is activated when a heat in the RPU160K exceeds a threshold heat. In some cases, a user can manually activate or deactivate the fan265(e.g., through an interface of a controller of the RPU). In some embodiments, an RPU can include two rear fans in a back of the RPU. In some cases, one or more rear fans can be used instead of fans of pump cassettes of the RPU.

An RPU of a cooling system (e.g., an example of RPU160of cooling system100shown inFIGS.1and2) can include different arrangements for fill/drain lines and corresponding ports than described, for example, with respect toFIGS.2,3,12A, and12B. For example, ports for liquid fill and drain lines can be positioned at a rear of an RPU, as can allow servicing of the RPU from a hot aisle or rear of a cabinet in which the RPU is mounted. Additionally, an RPU can include a fill/drain line and corresponding port along an inlet (e.g., at a suction side) and a separate fill/drain line and corresponding port along an outlet (e.g., at a supply side). For example,FIGS.25and26illustrate an RPU160L with fill/drain lines positioned at piping of an inlet and outlet of the RPU160L. For example, as shown inFIG.25, a first liquid fill/drain line2506can be fluidly connected to piping2508, which can be piping along an inlet (e.g., a return, or suction side) of the RPU160L, and can further include a fill/drain line2502which can be fluidly connected to piping2504, which can be piping of an outlet (e.g., a supply). A first fill/drain port2604can be provided on a rear of the RPU160L and can be fluidly connected to the fill/drain line2506illustrated inFIG.25. Correspondingly, a second port2602can extend from a rear of the RPU160L and can be fluidly connected to the fill/drain line2502. The ports2602,2604can be quick connect fittings, which can allow fluid flow when a corresponding hosing of a fill/drain kit or a drain line is connected thereto.

In some implementations, devices or systems disclosed herein can be utilized, manufactured, installed, etc. using methods embodying aspects of the invention. Correspondingly, any description herein of particular features, capabilities, or intended purposes of a device or system is generally intended to include disclosure of a method of using such devices for the intended purposes, of a method of otherwise implementing such capabilities, of a method of manufacturing relevant components of such a device or system (or the device or system as a whole), and of a method of installing disclosed (or otherwise known) components to support such purposes or capabilities Similarly, unless otherwise indicated or limited, discussion herein of any method of manufacturing or using for a particular device or system, including installing the device or system, is intended to inherently include disclosure, as embodiments of the invention, of the utilized features and implemented capabilities of such device or system.

In some embodiments, aspects of the invention, including computerized implementations of methods according to the invention, can be implemented as a system, method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a processor device (e.g., a serial or parallel general purpose or specialized processor chip, a single- or multi-core chip, a microprocessor, a field programmable gate array, any variety of combinations of a control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and processor register, and so on), a computer (e.g., a processor device operatively coupled to a memory), or another electronically operated controller to implement aspects detailed herein. Accordingly, for example, embodiments of the invention can be implemented as a set of instructions, tangibly embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable media, such that a processor device can implement the instructions based upon reading the instructions from the computer-readable media. Some embodiments of the invention can include (or utilize) a control device such as an automation device, a special purpose or general purpose computer including various computer hardware, software, firmware, and so on, consistent with the discussion below. As specific examples, a control device can include a processor, a microcontroller, a field-programmable gate array, a programmable logic controller, logic gates etc., and other typical components that are known in the art for implementation of appropriate functionality (e.g., memory, communication systems, power sources, user interfaces and other inputs, etc.). In some embodiments, a control device can include a centralized hub controller that receives, processes and (re)transmits control signals and other data to and from other distributed control devices (e.g., an engine controller, an implement controller, a drive controller, etc.), including as part of a hub-and-spoke architecture or otherwise.

The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier (e.g., non-transitory signals), or media (e.g., non-transitory media). For example, computer-readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, and so on), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), and so on), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, and so on). Additionally it should be appreciated that a carrier wave can be employed to carry computer-readable electronic data such as those used in transmitting and receiving electronic mail or in accessing a network such as the Internet or a local area network (LAN). Those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications may be made to these configurations without departing from the scope or spirit of the claimed subject matter.

Certain operations of methods according to the invention, or of systems executing those methods, may be represented schematically in the FIGS. or otherwise discussed herein. Unless otherwise specified or limited, representation in the FIGS. of particular operations in particular spatial order may not necessarily require those operations to be executed in a particular sequence corresponding to the particular spatial order. Correspondingly, certain operations represented in the FIGS., or otherwise disclosed herein, can be executed in different orders than are expressly illustrated or described, as appropriate for particular embodiments of the invention. Further, in some embodiments, certain operations can be executed in parallel, including by dedicated parallel processing devices, or separate computing devices configured to interoperate as part of a large system.

As used herein in the context of computer implementation, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms “component,” “system,” “module,” “block,” and the like are intended to encompass part or all of computer-related systems that include hardware, software, a combination of hardware and software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a processor device, a process being executed (or executable) by a processor device, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a computer program, or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computer and the computer can be a component. One or more components (or system, module, and so on) may reside within a process or thread of execution, may be localized on one computer, may be distributed between two or more computers or other processor devices, or may be included within another component (or system, module, and so on).

Also as used herein, unless otherwise limited or defined, “or” indicates a non-exclusive list of components or operations that can be present in any variety of combinations, rather than an exclusive list of components that can be present only as alternatives to each other. For example, a list of “A, B, or C” indicates options of: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; and A, B, and C. Correspondingly, the term “or” as used herein is intended to indicate exclusive alternatives only when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of” For example, a list of “one of A, B, or C” indicates options of: A, but not B and C; B, but not A and C; and C, but not A and B. A list preceded by “one or more” (and variations thereon) and including “or” to separate listed elements indicates options of one or more of any or all of the listed elements. For example, the phrases “one or more of A, B, or C” and “at least one of A, B, or C” indicate options of: one or more A; one or more B; one or more C; one or more A and one or more B; one or more B and one or more C; one or more A and one or more C; and one or more of A, one or more of B, and one or more of C. Similarly, a list preceded by “a plurality of” (and variations thereon) and including “or” to separate listed elements indicates options of multiple instances of any or all of the listed elements. For example, the phrases “a plurality of A, B, or C” and “two or more of A, B, or C” indicate options of: A and B; B and C; A and C; and A, B, and C.

Also as used herein, unless otherwise limited or defined, the terms “about,” “substantially,” and “approximately” refer to a range of values±5% of the numeric value that the term precedes. As a default the terms “about” and “approximately” are inclusive to the endpoints of the relevant range, but disclosure of ranges exclusive to the endpoints is also intended.

Also as used herein, unless otherwise limited or defined, “integral” and derivatives thereof (e.g., “integrally”) describe elements that are manufacture as a single piece without fasteners, adhesive, or the like to secure separate components together. For example, an element stamped as a single-piece component from a single piece of sheet metal, without rivets, screws, or adhesive to hold separately formed pieces together is an integral (and integrally formed) element. In contrast, an element formed from multiple pieces that are separately formed initially then later connected together, is not an integral (or integrally formed) element.