Side rail for bed

The invention provides a side rail assembly for use with an institutional bed. The assembly includes provision to move a vertical frame from an upper or deployed position where it is generally above the mattress on the bed, to a lowered position generally below and outside the mattress. The frame can then be moved longitudinally from the lowered position into a stored position below the mattress so that the frame will not interfere with an attendant who is assisting the patient. Further, the frame will then have no impact on access to the bed. The side rail assembly also includes a balance assembly to counterbalance the weight of the frame so that the frame is unlikely to cause accidental injury to a patient as the frame is moved vertically.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to institutional beds of the type used in hospitals 
and nursing facilities, and more particularly to a safety side rail 
assembly for such a bed. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Institutional beds are equipped with features which permit the bed to be 
used by patients having a variety of conditions and ailments. In some 
instances provision has to be made to ensure that the patient can not move 
sideways and fall off the bed. This is often done by including adjustable 
side rail assemblies attached to the bed and having a vertical frame 
moveable between an upper or deployed position to contain the patient, and 
a lowered position to provide normal access to the bed. 
Side rail assemblies may create difficulties which are detrimental to the 
use of such structures. For instance, the frame has to be strong and is 
consequently heavy. This is dangerous if the frame can move downwardly 
without restraint because the open frame can fall on the feet or hands of 
a patient. Also, such a frame requires considerable strength to return it 
to the deployed position. 
A further consideration in designing a side rail assembly is the amount by 
which the assembly projects outwardly from the side of the bed. On of the 
one hand there should be significant clearance between the frame and the 
bed to minimize the risk of trapping fingers, hands and feet, while on the 
other hand the frame should be close to the bed to allow attendants to 
reach the patient without undue bending caused by the lowered frame 
separating the attendant from the bed. Also, the position of the frame may 
be a factor for placing the patient on the mattress. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The invention provides a side rail assembly for use with an institutional 
bed. The assembly includes provision to move a vertical frame from an 
upper or deployed position where it is generally above the mattress on the 
bed, to a lowered position generally below and outside the mattress. The 
frame can then be moved longitudinally from the lowered position into a 
stored position below the mattress so that the frame will not interfere 
with an attendant who is assisting the patient. Further, the frame will 
then have no impact on access to the bed. 
The side rail assembly also includes a balance assembly to counterbalance 
the weight of the frame so that the frame is unlikely to cause accidental 
injury to a patient as the frame is moved vertically. 
The invention will be better understood with reference to the following 
description and drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Reference is first made to FIG. 1 which illustrates first and second side 
rail assemblies designated generally by the numerals 20, 22. The 
assemblies share a pair of mounting members 24, 26 which in use are 
attached to a mattress support structure 28 shown in ghost outline. In 
FIG. 1, the side rail assemblies are shown in a deployed position with 
respective frames 30, 32 generally above the level of a mattress which 
would rest on structure supported by the mattress support structure 28. 
Also in FIG. 1, the frame 30 is shown in ghost outline where it would be 
when the frame is in a lowered position, there being a corresponding 
position (not shown) for the frame 32. 
The side rail assemblies are similar-in construction and any pans described 
with reference to one of the frame assemblies are duplicated in the other 
frame assembly. The frame assemblies are shown in pairs because this would 
be the normal arrangement used in association with a bed. However, a 
single assembly could be used where necessary. 
In general terms, the assembly 32 includes a pair of similar swing arms 34, 
36 which are pivotally mounted to the respective mounting members 24, 26 
for rotation about respective first and second parallel axes 38, 40 at the 
proximate ends of the swing arms. The distal ends of the swing arms are 
pivotally mounted to the frame 32 for rotation about third and fourth axes 
42, 44 and the parallel arrangement is maintained by an elongate link 46 
which is pivotally mounted to a pair of cranks 48 attached one to each of 
the swing arms 34, 36 for radial movement with the swing arms. The distal 
end of the swing arm 36 is associated with a balance assembly designated 
generally by the numeral 52 and contained within a hollow lower element 54 
of the frame 32 as will be described. A latch 56 shown in broken outline 
can be operated manually to release the balance mechanism and permit the 
frame 32 to be moved downwardly causing the swing arms to rotate about the 
before mentioned parallel axes. 
Reference is next made to FIG. 2 to describe the balance assembly 52. This 
view also illustrates details of the mounting member 26 which will also be 
described with reference to this figure. 
The distal end of the swing arm 36 includes a stub axle 58 extending 
through a bearing plate 60 which is adapted to be placed inside to the 
lower element 54 and held in place by a pair of rivets 62. The stub axle 
includes a flat 64 for engagement in a correspondingly shaped opening 66 
in a short crank 68 which is welded to the stub axle and a short set screw 
70 passes through the far upright wall (not seen) of the lower element 54 
and into the stub axle to stabilize the assembly. It will be seen from 
FIG. 2 that the clearance for the stub axle 58 is provided by an upwardly 
extending cutout 72 in a side of the hollow U-shaped lower element 54. 
Once these parts are assembled and the bearing plate 60 affixed to the 
lower element 54, an energy storage element 74 can be assembled. This 
element consists of a central rod 76 passing through an elongate 
compression spring 78 retained between a U-shaped end piece 80 and an 
adjustable stop 82 at the other end. The end piece is shaped to fit within 
the channel shaped lower element 54 and retained in place by a pair of 
rivets 84 which engage in the element 54 and provide an anchor for the end 
piece 80. Also, this end piece has a clearance opening to permit the rod 
76 to slide and tilt slightly, and at the other end, the rod has an angled 
end 86 formed to be at right angles to the remainder of the rod for 
engagement in an opening 88 in the crank. The rod is retained in the crank 
68 by a cap 90 which is frictionally engaged on the rod to retain the rod 
in place. As will be described, energy is stored in the spring to assist 
in elevating the frame 32 from the lowered position to the deployed 
position. 
The balance assembly 52 also includes the latch 56 which is pivotally 
mounted by a suitable rivet 92 engaged in an opening provided in the 
element 54 for the purpose. The latch is formed from a piece of metal by 
bending it into a U-shape to form a step 94 which engages under an nose 96 
on the crank 68. As will be described, this prevents rotation of the crank 
and hence the swing arm 36 for retaining the frame 32 in the deployed 
position. 
The operation of the balance assembly will be described more fully with 
reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. 
Returning to FIG. 2, the proximal end of the swing arm is attached to a 
shaft 98 extending along the second axis 40 seen in FIG. 1. The shaft is 
accommodated in a bearing block 100 which is normally engaged in a square 
sectioned tubular element 102 forming part of the mounting member 26. The 
bearing block 100 is held in place by a removable staple 104 engaged 
through suitable openings in the element 102 for location in slots 106 
provided in the sides of the bearing block. Further support for the shaft 
98 is provided by a sleeve 108 attached to the bearing block 100 and the 
shaft 98 is reduced to a neck at 110 to receive a stop 112 which is 
clipped over the neck. This prevents the shaft 98 from being withdrawn 
completely through the bearing block 100 without first removing the 
staples 104. 
As also seen in FIG. 2, the shaft 98 terminates at a generally cylindrical 
end portion 114 having a flat 116 for purposes which will be described. 
However for the moment it is sufficient to understand that this fiat 
provides clearance for the shaft to pass a restrictor 118 (in the form of 
a rivet) when the conditions are right to do so. The restrictor is welded 
in place. 
Reference is next made to FIG. 3 to further explain the operation of the 
balance assembly 52. As seen in this sectional view, the crank 68 is 
angled slightly downwardly with the swing arm 36 upright. The spring 
extends generally horizontally and is in compression between the end piece 
80 and the stop 82. Consequently, the spring guided by the rod 76, is 
attempting to push the crank in an anti-clockwise direction. However, 
there is insufficient energy stored in the spring at this point to elevate 
the frame which in effect is tending to drop downwardly resisted by the 
latch 56 in engagement with the crank 68. When the user decides to lower 
the frame 32, finger pressure is used to lift the latch upwardly to 
release the crank. At the same time the user naturally holds the frame and 
starts to let it fall. The frame then moves gently towards the position 
shown in FIG. 4 and as the stop 82 moves towards the anchored end piece 80 
thereby storing energy in the spring to resist downward movement of the 
frame. It will be noted that as the movement continues, the line of action 
of the spring 54 moves away from the stub axle 58 resulting in a greater 
torque arm about the stub axle to resist downward motion. With proper 
selection of spring, weight of frame, and adjustment of the stop 82, it is 
possible to balance the frame in this position. 
The user continues to move the frame downwardly by applying a very gentle 
force which moves the assembly towards the position shown in FIG. 5. Here 
the spring is further compressed and this motion continues to the FIG. 6 
position where the spring is fully compressed storing as much energy as 
possible ready to elevate the frame to the upper or deployed position from 
the lowered position shown in FIG. 6. It should be noted in FIG. 6 that 
the line of action of the spring is now slightly above the stub axle 
thereby providing an over centre action to hold the frame positively in 
the lowered position. Also, the swing arm is not vertical so that if a new 
user simply tries to lift the frame, the angled arm will cause the frame 
to move with the upward component and the user will intuitively accept the 
swing action. Without the angled position for the arm 36, an upward force 
would have no effect since the arm would resist all upward force. 
When the user is ready to elevate the frame, a gentle force will move the 
spring from the FIG. 6 position past the over centre and allow the spring 
to assist in elevating the frame upwardly through FIGS. 5, 4, and then to 
FIG. 3. 
It is the natural result of the swing arm action that the initial movement 
from the extreme positions requires very little force because the frame is 
essentially moving horizontally initially. Where the frame is moving 
entirely vertically, the maximum moment arm is provided at the crank to 
maximize the use of the spring in assisting to balance the weight of the 
frame. 
Reference is next made to FIG. 7 which is a sectional view on line 7--7 of 
FIG. 1. Here it can be seen that the bolt 118 mentioned with reference to 
FIG. 2 is located in the mounting member element 26 offset with respect to 
the axis of the shaft 98. Because the shaft is provided with a 
semi-circular cutout, the arrangement permits the shaft to move past the 
restrictor 118 in certain positions. In the position shown in FIG. 7, the 
restrictor stands in front of the end of the shaft preventing 
translational movement of the shaft. However, when the side rail assembly 
is in the position shown in FIG. 6, the shaft is then in the ghost outline 
position where it will clear the restrictor if moved towards the 
restrictor. This allows the side rail assembly to be moved from the 
lowered position where it is below and outwardly of the mattress to a 
stored position where it is below and under the mattress. This is achieved 
by movement of the shaft 98 (FIG. 2) through the bearing housing 106 and 
sleeve 108. 
FIG. 8 illustrates the various positions for the side rail assembly. In 
full outline the frames 30, 32 are in a deployed position generally above 
and outwardly of a mattress 120. The frames can then be moved vertically 
downwardly to the lowered positions shown in ghost outline directly below 
the deployed positions, and then from the lowered positions the frame can 
be moved inwardly to a stored position also shown in ghost outline in FIG. 
8. 
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the embodiment 
described above is exemplary of the invention and that other embodiments 
are within the scope of the invention as claimed.