Volumetric dry measure apparatus

A volumetric measuring and dispensing apparatus for the dry measure of particulate matter such as sand, or gravel, which apparatus includes one of either (I.) a rotary table spaced slightly from a body having a stationary interrupted circular wall which defines a storage zone; or (II.) a stationary table spaced slightly from a rotating body having an interrupted circular wall which defines a storage zone. The storage zone includes a distally located gate, under which a predetermined amount of particulates can pass as one of the table or said body rotates relative to the other. The apparatus also includes a retention zone on the table outside of the gate for residual material. The particulates fall into a collection vessel such as a hopper or conveying belt. The contents of the storage zone may be replenished from a conventional feed hopper or manually.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
In industries such as the concrete, building block, precast brick making 
and others there is a need for reasonably precise dry volumetric measure 
of various components used in the manufacture of the products of the 
industry. The most commonly employed means of volumetric dry measure in 
use today, is a system in which the raw materials drop from a hopper 
through an orifice of known dimensions onto a moving endless belt. This 
belt is moving at a predetermined rate of speed. By counting the 
revolutions of the belt at the particular speed of the belt, or by 
determining the time of running of the belt and given the orifice opening 
size, one can calculate the volume of material being delivered from the 
belt. Typical units of these types are manufactured in Germany, and the 
United States, and one is shown in the prior art FIG. 8. 
While considered state-of-the-art, such devices are quite costly and are 
therefore not available to most smaller manufacturers. There is a need 
therefore for a low cost precise means for making dry volumetric 
measurements. 
It is an object therefore to provide a new apparatus for the measurement 
volumetrically of dry free flowing materials. 
It is another object to provide a dry volumetric measuring apparatus that 
can be moved from location to location at the facility where it is 
employed. 
It is a further object to provide a volumetric measuring apparatus that is 
relatively low in cost of purchase and cost of maintenance, yet is precise 
in its measurements. 
A still further object is to provide a measuring apparatus which employs a 
refillable rotating table from which a known quantity of material can be 
transferred to a material receiver. 
An additional object is to provide a dry measure apparatus that employs 
either a rotary plate with a fixed housing or a rotating housing with a 
fixed base plate. 
Yet another object is to provide a dry measuring apparatus that is easy to 
operate, and has few moving parts. 
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part 
appear hereinafter. 
The invention accordingly comprises the apparatus possessing the features 
properties and the relation of components which are exemplified in the 
following detailed disclosure and the scope of the application of which 
will be indicated in the appended claims. 
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention 
reference should be made to the following detailed description, taken in 
conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
A volumetric measuring and dispensing apparatus for the dry measure of 
particulate matter such as sand, or gravel, which apparatus includes a 
rotary table--often also referred to as a rotating disk--with a stationary 
interrupted circular wall which defines a storage zone. The storage zone 
includes a distally located gate, under which a predetermined amount of 
particulates can pass as the table rotates. The particulates fall from the 
apparatus into a collection vessel such as a conveyor belt, mixer or 
holding hopper, due to being forced from the rotating surface by a 
vertical plate spaced above the rotating surface which acts as a gate. The 
material impacts the plate which stops the rotation of the material and 
forces it out of the space off the rotating surface.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The apparatus of this invention 10, is best seen in FIG. 2 mounted on a 
stand 27. See FIG. 4. The apparatus is used in conjunction with hopper 11 
which has a body 13 with a releasable gate 15 at the bottom end thereof. 
Such hoppers 11 are deemed conventional in the material handling field. 
The gate-release 15 may be of the type that pivots downwardly, such as in 
a railroad hopper car, or one which moves laterally to permit product in 
the hopper body 13 to drop therefrom. 
This apparatus in its first embodiment, comprises a fixed body and a 
movable base, and a stand. In its second embodiment, the apparatus 
features a rotating body and a fixed base. The first embodiment is best 
illustrated by reference to FIG. 6. Motor 16 having a shaft 18 with a 
toothed drive gear 18G thereon is connected by sprocket chain 20 to a 
second toothed gear 21. Second toothed gear 21 is disposed upon a 
rotatable upstanding shaft 22 disposed within a spindle mount 23. 
The movable base of this apparatus comprises a rotatable plate disposed 
upon a support. The mounting space plate 24, is interposed between and 
connected to both said second toothed gear 21, and the underside of a 
rotary plate 25 such that, upon actuation of said motors, the chain in 
engagement with the two toothed gears causes the rotary plate to revolve. 
The indicia 26A and 26B (see FIG. 3) serve as 90.degree. indicators to 
help one to count the rotations of the rotary plate 25 when it revolves. 
The rotary plate 25, which serves as the base for the retention zone 28, 
defined as an area between the gate and the barrier, and which is 
discussed infra, is spaced just slightly away from the body, i.e., just 
enough to permit friction free rotation, with respect to the static body, 
yet not permitting particulates to escape in the gap between the wall 31 
and the surface of the rotary plate 25. The remaining elements seen in 
this figure will be discussed in relation to the discussion of the stand 
27, which holds the apparatus of this invention. 
The body 14 of the apparatus comprises a wall 31 and a retention zone 28 
for particulate matter (see FIG. 1). This storage zone 29, which is open 
at the top, is formed between and closed off by upstanding curved arcuate 
portion 30, and its intersection on one end with the left parallel section 
37 of an inverted U-shaped portion 36. This first or left parallel section 
37 is abuttingly connected to a curved section 39 which in turn is 
abuttingly connected to a second or right parallel section 38. The curved 
section 39 and the abutting right parallel section 38 are spaced from said 
arcuate portion 30. A fixedly secured transversely mounted gate 44 spaced 
up from the rotary table a finite space 45, is mounted along one side 
thereof to the other end of arcuate portion 30 and to the inverted 
U-shaped portion 36 near the junction of second parallel section 38 and 
curved section 39. See also FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. Gate 44 may be bolted, 
welded or otherwise secured to its fixed position. 
Rather than utilize a fixed gate 44, as shown in FIG. 1, one may choose to 
use instead the multipositionable gate 82 as shown in FIG. 7. This gate 82 
features a main plate 83 having two pairs of opposed bores, not visible in 
FIG. 7, near the top edge on both sides of body 83. A pair of bored mated 
flange blocks 84, are bolted into place by two pairs of bolts 85, into 
opposed outwardly extending positions along the upper part of the sidewall 
of said plate 83 using the aforementioned bores for the receipt of the 
bolts. These flange blocks may vary in elevation from about 1/2-inch to 
2.0 inches or more as may be desired. 
Disposed at the free end of arc section 30 is a first upstanding channel 81 
sized in width to be slightly greater than the width of main plate 83. 
(The free end of the arc section is defined as the end not in abutment 
with parallel wall section 38 of the inverted U-shaped portion 36.) The 
second opposite channel is designated 80 and is disposed at a suitable 
location on U-shaped portion 36 in the vicinity of the junction of curved 
section 39 and parallel section 38 such that it is linearly aligned with 
channel 81. Thus it is seen that the two channels are disposed such that 
the slots therein face each other. 
By changing flange blocks, 84, 84' to use ones having different elevations, 
one may directly vary the height of the opening beneath the gate to 
thereby control the volume of material that flows therebeneath in any 
quantum of time, when the gate 82 is disposed within the channels 80, 81. 
The reader's attention is now turned again to FIG. 1. Here a cylinder 40 
having a cap 41 is seen spaced from the inverted U-shaped portion's walls, 
but disposed therein adjacent the curved section 39. Cylinder 40 passes 
through a central opening 42 in rotary table 25 and is secured along its 
lower circumference to said rotary plate 25 and on its lower edge to the 
mounting space plate 24, whereby rotation of the mounting plate 24 causes 
the rotary plate 25 to rotate as well. Mounting plate 24 is connected as 
by bolts to wheel 21. Cylinder 40 is hollow and receives therein spindle 
22. See also FIG. 6 and FIG. 9. 
This latter figure shows the connection of sprocket chain 20 to an 
undermounted sprocket 21 on the underside of mounting space plate 24 and 
rotary plate 25. A bearing system may be provided for smoother operation. 
Of course, the drive mechanism discussed above is merely one of many types 
of drive systems that can be employed for the rotation of the rotary table 
(rotating disk) of this invention. 
The operative aspect of the apparatus of this invention, as noted, rests on 
a stand 27, which stand may be made portable by disposing it upon a 
movable base 60, both of which stand and movable base are seen best in 
FIGS. 3, 4, and 5. 
Base 60 includes a pair of spaced upstanding square tubes 61, each of which 
includes an outwardly extending shelf section 62. The stand 27 rests on or 
can be welded to or otherwise secured to these two shelves, 62. Base 60 
may also be disposed on casters if easy relocation is desired. 
Stand 27 includes a pair of spaced parallel horizontal tubular connectors 
35--see FIG. 3--each of which is welded or otherwise secured along its 
bottom surface, normal to one end of each of the two spaced horizontal 
plates 33. These plates 33, as seen in FIG. 3 rest upon the shelves 62. 
Upstanding normal to each of these connectors 35 at each of the four ends 
thereof, is a vertical tubular arm 32. Each of these preferably square 
tubular arms 32 seen in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 has an outer face and an inner 
face. At least one and preferably two horizontal support tubes 34 are 
welded or otherwise secured in a spaced normal relationship, on one end to 
the inner face of each vertical arm 32 and on the other end to the wall 31 
of the arc portion 30 of the apparatus. Again, reference is made to FIGS. 
3, 4, and 5. 
Apparatus 10 further includes a motor mount 17 to hold a motor 16 such as a 
0.5 to 0.75 or greater horsepower electric motor from which extends a 
standard motor shaft 18, with a tooth gear 18G thereon, for receipt of the 
chain 20 discussed elsewhere herein in connection with FIG. 6. 
OPERATION 
The reader is requested to make reference again to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. In 
FIG. 2, the hopper 11 for filling the apparatus 10 is seen disposed 
relatively above the apparatus such that material to be measured 53 may 
fall by gravity into the storage zone 29 of the apparatus. In FIG. 4 shown 
adjacent the apparatus next to the gate 44 is a wheel barrow 50 which 
contains previously measured material 55. Material 53 becomes material 55 
only after it has passed beneath the fixed gate 44 or beneath the 
adjustable gate 82 (see FIG. 7). Most of the material falls off the 
apparatus, but a finite amount remains, past the gate on a flat area 
called the retention zone 28. 
Material 53 in the holding hopper 11 is delivered to the retention zone 28 
by passing from the storage area 29 through gate 44 into the said 
retention zone 28. By careful positioning of the holding hopper, material 
53 can be transferred with little or no loss. 
When the plate 25 rotates, dependent upon the height of the opening, a 
determinable finite amount of material 53 flows beneath the gate 44. The 
calculation can be made for an apparatus having a fixed or adjustable 
gate, during every rotation of the rotary plate 25, or for the specific 
time period of the run of the apparatus. The quantum of flow is also keyed 
to the rotational speed of the plate. The use of a fixed speed motor 16 
simplifies the calculation of volume passage as speed consistency will be 
obtained for all rotations of the plate 25. 
The rotation count or time elapse count to achieve a finite volume 
measurement is also simplified by reference to the indicia 26A, 26B, (see 
FIG. 3) et cetera, disposed at uniform spacings along the edge of the 
rotary plate. 
It has been found through development efforts that the residual material 54 
left on the rotary table 25 at the retention zone 28 (per FIG. 2) will be 
approximately the same at the end of each measurement cycle. Therefore 
since this residual 54 is a constant, it does not effect the amount of the 
to be measured material 53 converted to actually measured material 55 as 
collected on the conveyor belt, holding hopper or other vessel such as the 
wheelbarrow 50. 
The formulas to obtain the weight of a particulate product by measuring the 
volume passing beneath the gate of the apparatus can be readily calculated 
from a knowledge of the specific gravity of the material in question. 
Specific weights of common materials are found in the CRC Handbook of 
Chemistry and Physics among other references. 
Reference is now made to FIG. 10. Whereas in the first embodiment, a rotary 
plate was employed with a fixed housing, the apparatus of this embodiment 
operates in reverse to achieve the same results. That is, the base plate 
is stationary, while the entire housing rotates. 
Turning now to FIG. 10, the second embodiment 100 is seen. Here embodiment 
100 has a body portion 112 which is substantially similar to the body 12 
of the first embodiment. The plate 125 is seen to be stationary while the 
body 112 rotates. Motor 116 has an upstanding shaft 122 on which is 
mounted a pulley 121. Disposed on this pulley is belt 120 which is also 
connected to the body pulley 123 for rotation upon energization of the 
motor 116. Main body 112 rides on a circular support 130 on a plurality of 
bearings 131. Circular support 130 is mounted to superstructure 132 to 
keep the main housing just slightly spaced from the fixed plate 125 to 
permit smooth rotary movement. 
A elevatable gate 182 having moveable detents 183 for height adjustment 
controls the flow of to be measured material 53. The material that is 
emitted and measured is designated 55 and is seen outside of the gate 182. 
An inverted U-shaped barrier 136 is also employed as it was in the first 
embodiment. 
Of course this is only a bare-bones disclosure of a fixed plate rotating 
body apparatus having a belt drive for rotation, but it serves to 
illustrate the point that all that is required is for one of the body or 
plate to move relative to the other to achieve the dry measure by volume 
apparatus within the scope of this invention. 
Let us now turn to FIG. 11. The apparatus of this figure is configured in 
part to resemble the second embodiment as seen in FIG. 10 but in operation 
it works in the manner of the first embodiment as seen in FIGS. 2 and 9, 
among others. Thus the unit of this figure should be considered to be a 
variant of the first embodiment in that it too has a fixed body and a 
rotating disk. 
Here instead of an inverted U-shaped barrier 36 as noted in FIG. 3 or the 
inverted U-shaped barrier 136 of FIG. 10 being employed, a single wall 
barrier 236 is utilized. The spindle, not seen and other necessary 
hardware pieces are disposed in the cylindrical drive housing 240 covered 
by cap 241. These serve the same function as cylinder 40 denoted in FIG. 
4, i.e., to keep flying particles out of the drive mechanism. 
Here embodiment 200 has a body portion 212 which is similar to the body 12 
previously discussed, but for the difference in the barrier. The base 
plate 225 is seen to be rotary while the body 212 is fixed--the opposite 
of the unit of FIG. 10. Motor 216 has an upstanding shaft 222 on which is 
mounted a pulley 221. Disposed on this pulley is belt 220 which is also 
connected to the body pulley 223, to which is mounted spindle 224 for 
rotation upon energization of the motor 216. An additional optional 
bearing pulley 229 as seen here may also be utilized. Upon energization of 
the motor 216, base plate 225 will rotate as was discussed with respect to 
element 25. 
An outwardly extending annular reinforcing plate 232 is normally disposed 
from wall 231. This plate also includes a generally triangular section 
232A which serves as a cover for retention zone 228 and as a support for 
barrier 236. Note also the presence of unmeasured material 55 inside the 
apparatus and residual material 54 disposed just beyond gate 282. Gate 282 
rides in detent containing channels 281 in front of fixed plate 283 which 
in turn is spaced up from rotary plate 225. 
Thus the positioning of gate 282 within the channels 281 at a specific 
elevation determines the amount of material to be measured out as it flows 
beneath the gate 282. 
Other gate configurations in addition to those discussed with respect to 
this figure, FIG. 1, and FIG. 7 are within the realm of engineering skill. 
A support structure for this variant of the first embodiment of the 
apparatus has not been discussed as one similar to that discussed supra 
may be employed. Again it is within the skill of the art to design a 
cradle or other support system both stationary or moveable as on casters 
for either embodiment of this apparatus. 
It is to be recognized that the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 can be made 
in a mirror image, and that the apparatuses shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 can 
also be constructed in their mirror images. 
The advantages of the general configuration and operating principles of 
this volumetric measuring apparatus are several in number. Thus it is seen 
that because of the forces present between the interaction of the moving 
rotary plate and the bulk material residing thereon, a certain vibrational 
movement and compacting action develops. This prevents bridging of 
materials which sometimes can be a problem with volumetric batching and 
provides greater accuracy. 
It is known from the laws of physics, that the rotational speed of the disk 
(rotary plate) at various distances from the center is different and the 
speeds of the resident material is also different at different locations 
thereupon. This condition causes turbulence and movement (mixing action) 
which makes the material more homogeneous and has a positive influence of 
the accuracy of the equipment due to the elimination of air spaces between 
discrete pieces or particles. 
This turbulence in motion will be reinforced at and under the gate due to 
the addition of the resultant force from the impact of some of the moving 
material impacting upon the wall of the gate, while other material passes 
under the gate. The resistance caused by the gate will cause the density 
of the material flowing through the gate to be further intensified, again 
contributing to the very high accuracy of this dosage apparatus. 
It is seen that I have provided an apparatus for the volumetric measurement 
of particulate materials for the building block, concrete preparation, and 
other industries that utilize free flowing particulate matter in their 
formulations. It is believed that the apparatus could also be adapted for 
use with semi-wet or nonslump materials such as mixed concrete used in the 
concrete block and paving stone manufacture industries. An envisioned 
additional use is the measurement of fine particulate powder materials, 
such as for the preparation of cake mixes and other related products. 
I have moved away from the use of a straight belt running for a particular 
number of revolutions, or for a period of time, with material falling off 
the end thereof, to an apparatus which employs a fixed point of impact for 
moving material, which material is then enabled to flow beneath the fixed 
impact point or gate. This can be achieved by a rotating base with a fixed 
body or a fixed base with a rotating body. In either case, the upstanding 
gate serves as the nonmoving body under which material is free to flow for 
collection. The gate is spaced upwardly from the surface of the plate a 
finite distance, usually between one and two inches. 
Since certain changes may be made in the described apparatus without 
departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended 
that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the 
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a 
limiting sense.