Method and apparatus for the purification and reuse of waste air mixed with additives (for example, solvents) or impurities

The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for the purification and reuse of waste air mixed with additives (for example, solvents) or impurities, in particular for the purification and reuse of waste air mixed with solvents from dryer appliances of web-fed offset printing machines, in a first method step the waste air being led through at least one condenser in order to condense out additives or impurities contained in the waste air, in a second method step the waste air, treated according to the first method stop, being led through at least one separator element for the further purification of the waste air to remove condensed additives or impurities contained in it, and, finally, the waste air, treated according to the second method step, being recirculated for the renewed absorption or suction-removal of additives and impurities.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the purification and
 reuse of waste air mixed with additives (for example, solvents) or
 impurities, and, in particular, to a method and an apparatus for the
 purification and reuse of waste air mixed with solvents from dryer
 appliances of web-fed offset printing machines.
 For the purification of waste air, it is known, as the state of the art, to
 carry out thermal post-combustion of the waste air and thereby eliminate,
 by combustion at temperatures of 700-800.degree. C., the additives and
 impurities contained in it. Post-combustion of this kind is energy
 consuming and produces undesirable additional substances (for example,
 CO.sub.2, carbons).
 The object on which the invention is based is to offer a method and an
 apparatus for the purification of waste air by the removal of additives or
 of impurities, in which energy-consuming post-combustion is dispensed
 with.
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
 A first method variant according to the invention provides for leading the
 waste air through at least one condenser, in order to condense out
 additives and impurities contained in the waste air, and to lead the waste
 air through at least one separator element for the further purification of
 the waste air.
 By virtue of the combination of the method steps of condensing out and
 separation, substantial or complete purification of the waste air,
 depending on the additives or impurities contained in it, is carried out,
 so that there is no longer any need for thermal post-combustion. If any
 extremely small fraction of additives (for example, solvents) or
 impurities still remains, it becomes possible, in a further method step of
 the method according to the invention, to recirculate the purified waste
 air and to reuse it for the renewed absorption or suction-removal of
 additives or impurities and, consequently, makes a renewed execution of
 the method possible.
 Since there is no discharge of purified air into the surroundings, thermal
 post-combustion, which would result in basically complete purity of the
 waste air, irrespective of the additives and impurities, may be dispensed
 with. Any remaining slight residual constituents of additives and
 impurities are not discharged into the environment, but can be used once
 again for the execution of the method according co the invention.
 The first method variant according to the invention makes it possible, by
 the combination of the method steps of condensing out and separation and
 by the recirculation of the waste air, purified in this way, within a
 closed circuit, to dispense with the energy-consuming thermal
 post-combustion which is necessary when ar open circuit, with the purified
 waste air being discharged into the environment, is used.
 By virtue of the constant circulation of the repeatedly purified waste air,
 to which meterable quantities of fresh air may be added, it becomes
 possible to employ a condensing-out and separation purification technology
 which is more energy-effective and therefore more cost-effective than
 thermal post-combustion. At the same time, the requirements as to the
 purity and degree of purification of the waste air, which are required for
 the continuous and repeated execution of the method, and the requirements
 that the method according to the invention be environmentally friendly,
 are satisfied.
 Before being introduced into the condenser, the laden waste air is
 advantageously guided through a fresh-air heat exchanger, so as to pass
 through a first cooling stage, in order, thereupon, to cause the additives
 and impurities to be condensed out in the following condenser.
 Connecting in series two condensers, through which the waste air is led,
 brings about particularly thorough and complete condensing out. Such a
 series connection of two separator elements likewise increases the degree
 of purity of the waste air led through, after it has passed through the
 separator elements.
 Concentration of the additives or impurities precipitated and separated in
 the condenser and separator element is advantageously carried out in a
 collector, so that condensed solvents converging there can be supplied
 again for their original purpose and serve for ink production.
 In order further to increase the purifying capacity of the first method
 variant according to the invention, it is recommended to use, downstream
 of the condenser and separator element, a further filter element, through
 which the waste air is led.
 Before the purified waste air is recirculated for the renewed absorption
 and suction-removal of additives and impurities, the already completely
 purified waste air is led through a conditioning apparatus, by means of
 which quantity metering, the admixture of fresh-air quantities required
 and the influencing of further air parameters (for example, temperature,
 humidity) can be carried out.
 An advantageous multiple utilization of the first method variant according
 to the invention is achieved by driving a turbine by means of the waste
 air led through, the result of this being that current for driving
 individual assemblies of the purification system is generated in a
 generator connected to the turbine.
 Furthermore, along the lines of combined power, heat and cold generation,
 the prevailing waste air and the waste air to be purified may be used for
 operating a cold generator and a heat generator, the thermal power of
 which may be used in each case, at the necessary location, for air cooling
 and air heating respectively.
 The above-described possibilities for the multiple utilization of the waste
 air to be purified allow the cost-saving operation of the method as a
 whole, since at least a fraction of the electrical and thermal energy
 required for carrying out the method can be generated and made available,
 without having to resort to external energy sources.
 The first apparatus variant according to the invention is distinguished by
 a completely closed pipe system, during the passage through which the
 waste air to be purified, after being led through a condenser, with
 subsequent condensing our, and after being led through a separator
 element, with further purification, is once again fed to the location
 where the waste air is extracted, and the purified waste air can be used
 for the reabsorption of additives and impurities By virtue of the closed
 circuit, no waste air at all is discharged into the environment, so that
 no account has to be taken of the relevant stringent purity requirements,
 which, according to the state of the art, have been achieved by thermal
 post-combustion in conjunction with an open circuit, and any remaining
 relatively small fractions of additives and impurities nevertheless allow
 the substantially purified waste air to be reused.
 A second method variant according to the invention relates, in particular,
 to ink pastes which are used in web-fed offset printing and of which
 approximately 70% consists of pigments and approximately 30% of
 high-boiling mineral oils. Hitherto, after the drying operation in the
 dryer, these mineral oils have been released, suction-removed by the waste
 air and burnt with the aid of supporting gas at high temperatures of
 approximately 750.degree. C., in order thereby to adhere to the prescribed
 content of residual carbons. Furthermore, benzenes released in the region
 of the printing units of the printing machines as a result of washings of
 the rubber blankets were also absorbed and discharged by means of the
 waste air.
 The further method variant according to the invention, then, makes it
 possible to purify the waste air without thermal post-combustion. The
 waste air therefore no longer has to be heated to 750.degree. C. and burnt
 with the aid of supporting gas, but has to be heated merely to a
 temperature of about 160.degree. C.
 By the use of indirectly heated dryers (that is to say, without an open
 flame), no oxygen is extracted from the purification air, so that pure
 circulating-air operation can be implemented, without the supply of fresh
 air, and, even in the machine enclosures used as a work area and in the
 surroundings of the printing machines, there is a sufficient quantity of
 air for the workers employed there.
 Furthermore, in the second method variant according to the invention, the
 purified waste air fed into the machine enclosures; to the printing
 machines and dryers is conditioned by a conditioning apparatus in terms of
 the air parameters (for example, quantity. humidity and temperature), in
 such a way that the machine enclosures used as a work area have
 permissible maximum workplace concentration limit values (MAK limit
 values) and the process parameters necessary for the respective printing
 order are also set.
 The second method variant thus makes it possible to have no-emission
 circulating-air operation and to utilize the work areas in the machine
 enclosures. Constant air-conditioning of the machine enclosures and the
 surroundings of the printing machines takes place.
 Altogether, the second method variant makes it possible to circulate
 enormous quantities of waste air of at least 20,000 m.sup.3 /h, but, in
 particular, more than 30,000 m.sup.3 /h, and it therefore becomes
 possible, in circulating-air operation, both to have constant
 air-conditioning of the machine enclosures and to adhere to MAK limit
 values there and adhere to the process parameters necessary for the
 dryers.
 Advantageously, the respective air parameters (for example, quantity,
 humidity and temperature) are interrogated via sensor/control sections in
 the machine enclosures, on the printing machines and dryers, and the
 conditioning apparatus is controlled/regulated accordingly, in order to
 implement the necessary Bet values.
 Individually quantity metering of the purified waste-air quantities fed
 into the machine enclosures, dryers and respective printing-machine areas
 may be carried out via distributor elements.
 Advantageously, the second method variant is operated by means of a system
 for combined power, heat and cold generation. Particularly due to the
 considerable circulated waste-air quantities described, a climatic system
 essentially independent of the seasonal outside conditions is formed in
 the circulating-air system and has a virtually constant heat and cold
 requirement, irrespective of the seasons, so that a combined power, heat
 and cold generation system of very high efficiency can be employed.
 In particular, heating of the purified waste air in the machine enclosures
 and in the dryers can be carried out by means of the combined power, heat
 and cold generation.
 Furthermore, a cold-water heat exchanger can be operated via the combined
 power, heat and cold generation.
 By means of the second method variant, purification of the waste air to
 remove additives, in particular high-boiling mineral oils of the ink
 pastes used, of at most 10 mg/m.sup.3 can be achieved.
 By condensation, agglomeration, the use of special separators and activated
 charcoal, the separated mineral oils can be recovered completely again and
 reused for the renewed production of ink pastes. It has hitherto been
 possible only to recover low-grade oils, the quality of which was no
 longer sufficient for renewed ink production. the second apparatus variant
 according to the invention, which serves, in particular, for carrying out
 the second method variant, has, in addition to the apparatus features
 already known from Patent claim 10, at least one indirectly heated dryer
 and a conditioning apparatus for the personnel-specific arid
 process-specific setting of the purified waste air returned into the
 machine space, to the printing machines and dryers.
 The second apparatus variant according to the invention may advantageously
 be designed individually by means of all the features of apparatus claims
 11 to 22, so that the advantages described there are implemented.
 Further details and advantages of the second apparatus variant are
 explained in more detail in the drawing figures.
 Individual advantageous embodiments of the two apparatus variants according
 to the invention are explained more precisely, with reference to exemplary
 embodiments, in the drawing figures of which:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
 The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 illustrates the method and apparatus of the
 first variant by the example of waste-air purification and the reuse of
 waste air which is suction-removed from the dryer 3 of a printing machine
 2 and which, after passing completely through the stations explained in
 more detail below, is led back again, in the purified state, into the
 machine space 1 via the return 19 and can be reused.
 The turbine 5, connected to a generator 6, generates current for supplying
 the system assemblies. In a further multiple utilization of the prevailing
 waste air, the latter is used for operating a heat generator 8, in
 particular an absorption heat pump, and a cold generator 9, in particular
 an absorption refrigerating machine.
 The thermal energy generated by the heat generator 8 and the cold generator
 9 may, on the one hand, be used for the temperature control and hearing of
 the air before the latter is returned into the machine space 1 and, on the
 other hand, serve for cooling the condenser in the system circuit.
 In order to compensate and keep constant the air quantity located in the
 system as a whole, a necessary air quantity is, if required, admixed with
 the laden waste air via the fresh-air supply 7 (substitute for spent
 oxygen in the dryer of the printing machine).
 The laden waste air then enters, at a temperature of 100-180.degree. C.,
 the fresh-air heat exchanger which is operated via a blower 11 and which
 brings bout a first cooling of the laden waste air to about 70-50.degree.
 C.
 During the subsequent passage of the laden waste air through the condenser
 designed as a cold-water heat exchanger 12, a first condensing-out of the
 additives (for example, solvents) and impurities contained in the waste
 air takes place, the condensed additives, in particular the condensed
 solvent, being fed to a collector 14 via an outflow 20. The waste air,
 already partly purified in this way, leaves the cold-water heat exchanger
 12 and passes through the separator element designed as a particle
 separator 13, whereupon, in further purification of the waste air, is the
 separated additives and, in particular, solvent particles are fed to the
 collector 14 once again via an outflow 21.
 In the design variant shown in FIG. 2, a further fresh-air heat exchanger
 10a, a cold-water heat exchanger 12a and a particle separator 13a are in
 each case connected in parallel to the fresh-air heat exchanger 10, the
 cold-water heat exchanger 12 and the particle separator 13, in such a way
 that, by means of change-over elements which are not illustrated in any
 more detail in the drawing figures, the waste-air stream can be guided
 either via the elements 10, 12, 13 or, alternatively to this, via the
 elements 10a, 12a and 13a. This is particularly advantageous, since it is
 then possible, during a work cycle of the elements 10, 12 and 13, to clean
 or regenerate the elements 10a, 12a and 13a in the usual way by heating,
 for example by the introduction of steam. The residues from the elements
 10, 10a, 12, 12a and 13, 13a are fed jointly to the collector 14.
 Advantageously, the collector 14 is designed as a solvent separator, so
 that any water quantities condensed out or separated from the cold-water
 heat exchanger 12 and/or the particle separator 13 can be isolated from
 the additionally condensed-out or separated solvent: particles and the
 pure solvent thus obtained can be employed for further use (for example,
 for ink production).
 The waste air, already almost completely purified at the present stage,
 then passes, at a temperature of about 20-30.degree. C., through the
 filter element 15 designed, for example, as an activated-charcoal filter,
 for further, particularly thorough purification to remove any remaining
 additives and impurities, in order, thereupon, to enter a conditioning
 apparatus 16 which serves for quantity metering, for the admixture of
 fresh air (via the fresh-air inlet 17 and air outlet 18) and for the
 freely selectable fixing of further air parameters (for example,
 temperature, humidity).
 The waste air, which is purified in this way and the various air parameters
 of which are determined, is fed again to the machine space 1 as incoming
 air via the return 19 and, in a further passage through the system, can be
 sucked in again by the dryer 3 for the absorption of additives and
 impurities.
 The closed system circuit, beginning with suction-removal from the dryer 3
 and ending with the return 19, makes it possible to use waste air which is
 mixed with slight residual constituents of additives and impurities and
 which, if appropriate, is fed to the machine space 1 via the fresh-air
 inlet 17 or fresh air introduced by means of an air-conditioning system
 also present.
 In addition to the apparatus components already described with reference to
 FIG. 1, the second apparatus variant according to FIG. 2 has a
 control/regulating device 22 which, via sensor/control sections 23,
 records the air parameters present in the machine space/machine enclosure
 1 of the printing machine 2 and in the dryer 3 and, via control/regulation
 of the conditioning apparatus 16, adapts the air parameters (for example,
 quantity, humidity, temperature) of the purified waste air, fed via the
 return 19, to the maximum workplace concentration limit values (MAK limit
 values) permissible in the machine space/machine enclosure 1 and to the
 process parameters necessary for the respective printing order, and
 monitors adherence to these.
 Via the distributor element 26, the purified waste air recirculated by
 means of the return 19 can be fed, quantity-metered individually, to the
 printing machine 2, the machine space/machine enclosure 1 (the terms
 "machine space" and "machine enclosure" are used synonymously) and the
 dryer 3.
 A system of combined power, heat and cold generation by means of the system
 components, turbine 5 (for driving a generator 6), boiler 24 and cold
 generator 9, makes it possible to operate the plant according to FIG. 2 in
 a particularly efficient and energy-saving way.
 Via the boiler 24, a quantity-metered delivery of steam for hearing the
 machine space 1, the printing machine 2 and the dryer 3 can be carried out
 via a distributor element 25.
 The dryer 3 is indirectly heated (that is to say, without an open flame),
 so that no oxygen is extracted from the heated purified waste air. For
 indirect heating, the dryer 3 contains heat exchangers (for example, heat
 registers). Moreover, in the plant according to FIG. 2, a cold generator 9
 is driven via the steam from the boiler 24 and, for example, can provide
 cold water for the cold-water heat exchanger 12.