Cover for open topped compartments which is movable between stowed and covering positions

A cover system for preventing loss of loose material such as sand, gravel or plant clippings from open topped compartments such as dump truck bodies or trailers, storage bins or the like. The cover system includes a roller system for moving a cover sheet from a first, stowed, position away from the open compartment top to a second, deployed, position in which material in the compartment is closely confined by the cover sheet.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates in general to covers for open topped compartments 
and, more specifically, to a cover that is easily moved between stowed and 
deployed, covering, positions and maintains control over loose material in 
an open topped compartment. 
Open topped compartments such as dump trucks, vehicle trailers, storage 
bins and the like used to store or carry particulate material are subject 
to having the material fall or blow out in use. With trucks or trailers 
hauling sand, gravel, dirt or similar materials, having portions of the 
load fall out onto the roadway is undesirable both from the point of view 
of littering the area and the danger of the material striking a following 
vehicle, possibly breaking the windshield and causing an accident. 
Similarly, trucks or trailers carrying lightweight materials such as plant 
clippings being taken to a landfill, mulch materials, harvested plants 
such as cotton, or fixed storage bins holding such materials are liable to 
having gusty winds blow portions of the contents out of the vehicle or 
bin. 
Many localities now have laws requiring that all such open topped vehicle 
compartments be covered when containing loose or lightweight materials. 
Often, the loads are simply covered with a tarpaulin that is tied to the 
edges of the open top at intervals around the opening. While sometimes 
effective, such tarpaulins are difficult for one person to put in place, 
especially in windy conditions and material may fall out between tie-down 
points where the material is heaped above the top of the compartment. 
Installing the cover is time consuming and must be carefully done to 
prevent an edge of the cover from coming loose and allowing loss of part 
of the loose contents. 
Attempts have been made to provide more convenient covers which can be 
moved from a stowed position to a covering position by one person. 
Generally, these systems have the cover wrapped around a roller at one end 
of the open top while the vehicle or bin is being loaded or emptied. Once 
filled, the cover is pulled to unroll it over the opening and fastened to 
the end opposite the roller. When the load is to be removed, the fasteners 
are unfastened and the roller is rotated, such as by a crank, to roll up 
the cover. While more convenient than a loose tarpaulin, these cover 
systems are difficult to deploy where the load is heaped up at the center 
above the height of the roller. In such cases the cover often only 
contacts the peak of the heaped material and does not conform to the shape 
of the heaped load, so that air can enter and portions of the load can 
blow or be jostled out of the opening. 
Thus, there is a continuing need for improvements in covers for open topped 
compartments that are easily installed by one person, even where the load 
is in a heap extending up above the edges of the opening, and which will 
engage and fully restrain movement of the loaded material. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a deployable cover 
for open topped compartments that will fully restrain material loaded in 
the compartment. Another object is to provide a deployable cover system 
for open topped compartments that can be easily moved between stowed and 
deployed positions by one person. A further object is to provide a cover 
for open topped compartments that will closely contact a heap of material, 
the peak of which extends above the walls of the compartment. 
The above-noted objects, and others, are accomplished in accordance with 
this invention by a cover system for open topped compartments of the sort 
having walls or edges surrounding an approximately horizontal top opening. 
A pair of spaced, substantially parallel, arms are adapted to be mounted at 
opposite sides along one end of the opening, by means of pivots 
intermediate the ends of the arms. Preferably, a bar extends between the 
arms to cause the arms to pivot in unison. A roller extends between 
upstanding first ends of the arm across the first end of the opening. A 
sheet of material is secured to the roller and rolled up thereon in the 
stowed position. A spring arrangement biases the roller toward the stowed 
direction. 
Shock absorbers are adapted to be connected between second ends of said 
arms and the compartment walls. The shock absorbers bias the arms toward a 
stowed position in which the first, roller carrying, ends extend upwardly. 
When the sheet is pulled toward the second, opposite end of the opening, 
the roller rotates with the spring arrangement gradually increasing 
resistance to unrolling. As the sheet approaches the fully deployed 
position this resistance reaches a point where the pull on the arm 
overcomes the shock absorber forces so that the arm swings with the sheet 
to a generally horizontal position extending toward the second end to the 
point where it engages a heap of material in the compartment. When fully 
extended across the load, the sheet is secured to the second end of the 
opening. 
The sheet closely conforms to a heap of material in the compartment and is 
biased against the load by a combination of the roller spring keeping the 
sheet taut and the shock absorber accommodating any movement of the heaped 
material, such as when a vehicle mounting the compartment hits a bump in 
the road. 
Preferably the sheet is deployed by a leader such as a rope or the like 
secured near the center of the free edge of the sheet, the rope including 
means for securing the rope to the exterior of the container when the 
sheet is fully deployed. In order to guide the free edge of the sheet over 
a heap of material in the compartment, a slide means is preferably 
provided along the free edge of the sheet, including a plate angled 
upwardly and in the direction of sheet movement, so as to slide up the 
face of a heap of material and not dig into the heap and cause material to 
get onto the upper surface of the sheet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is seen the deployable cover system 10 in a 
partially deployed position. System 10 is in this case mounted on an open 
topped compartment 12 which may be the body of a dump truck, trailer, 
storage bin or the like. In the embodiment shown, compartment 12 is the 
body of a conventional dump truck having metal walls 14, an upstanding 
forward lip 16, wood side rails 18 and contains a load of gravel 20 in a 
peaked heap extending above side rails 18. 
A cover 22, made of any suitable sheet material such as canvas or plastic 
material, is fully rolled around roller 24 in the stowed position at the 
first or front end of compartment 12 and can be unrolled toward the second 
or back end of the compartment. Unrolling has begun in the stage 
illustrated in FIG. 1. A transverse stiffening rod 26 is inserted in a hem 
along the leading edge of cover 22. A ring 28 is provided at the center of 
rod 26 for attachment of a leader means such as a conventional rope 30. 
Any elongated leader means such as one or more straps, ropes, cables or 
the like could be used as a leader for pulling the cover over the open 
compartment top. A conventional rope is used in the illustrated 
embodiment. A guide 32 is preferably provided over the edge of wall 14 to 
assure that the rope remains centered and prevent abrasion of the rope on 
the wall edge. Two or more hooks 41 are provided to receive and hold rod 
40 when cover 22 is fully deployed. The rope 30 may be stowed in any 
suitable manner, such as by coiling it around hooks (not shown) on wall 14 
or untying it from ring 28. 
Roller 24 is rotatably mounted on a first end 34 of each of a pair of arms 
36 which are pivotally mounted at pivot 38 intermediate the arm ends at 
the two side walls of compartment 12. A bar 40 extends across the front 
end of compartment 12 between the two arms 36 to maintain the arms in a 
parallel arrangement and provide support as the arms pivot together. 
Roller 24 is internally spring loaded to bias the roller toward the stowed 
position in which cover 22 is fully wound on roller 24. As detailed below, 
this spring biasing force increases as cover 22 is unwound from roller 24. 
A shock absorber 42 is connected to second end 44 of arm 36. Shock absorber 
42 biases arm toward the upright, stowed position of FIG. 1. Where a lip 
16 is provided on compartment 12, shock absorber 42 will cause the upper 
edge of first arm end 34 to be pressed against lip 16. Where no lip 16 is 
provided, shock absorber will have a neutral position with arm 
substantially upright in the stowed position. Shock absorber 42 also 
serves to accommodate impacts or jolts as a vehicle carrying compartment 
12 is moved, which might shift the load and impose forces on arm 36 or 
cover 22. Shock absorber 42 is described in detail below. 
FIG. 2 shows the cover system in the fully deployed position. As cover 22 
unwinds from roller 24, the spring tension increases within the roller, as 
detailed below. Tension in roller 24 and/or shock absorber 42 is adjusted 
so that when the cover is about 75% deployed, the roller spring force 
resisting unwinding overcomes the shock absorber forces biasing arm toward 
the upright position, so that arm 36 pivots to bring roller 24 forward and 
downward to the position shown in FIG. 2. Thus, during initial covering of 
gravel load 20, the cover is held up to move easily over the top of the 
heap, then when covering is nearly complete and the leading edge of cover 
22 has passed over the peak of the load 20, the cover is lowered to 
contact the load. This assures good contact with the material, 
particularly along the aft end, to prevent loss of material during vehicle 
movement, due to winds, etc. The length of arm 36 and the extent to which 
the arm rotates can be varied depending on the height of the expected 
loads, etc. Preferably, cover 22 is made from a somewhat elastic material 
so that the deployed cover conforms somewhat to the shape of a heaped 
load. 
When the compartment is to be loaded, typically by a front loader dumping 
material into the open top, or a load is to be dumped, typically through a 
bottom door in the case of trailers or through a tail gate with 
compartment tilting, cover 22 is moved to the stowed position. Rope 30 is 
pulled to release rod 26 from hooks 41 and tension in roller 24 is allowed 
to smoothly retract cover 22. As cover 22 is rolled up, shock absorber 42 
returns roller 2 to the upright position. When the cover is fully rolled 
up, rope 30 can be moved to the side and compartment 12 is ready for 
loading or unloading, as the case may be. 
Details of shock absorber 42 are provided in FIG. 3, which shows a 
substantially axial section view through the shock absorber. Shock 
absorber basically comprises a square (or other non-round) cross section 
tube 44 containing a rod 46 which moves against spring 48 through an 
adjustable pre-loaded bushing 50 threaded onto rod 46. Tube 44 is closed 
at the distal end by end cap 52 secured to the tube, typically by welding, 
and includes an opening 54 to permit bolting to wall 14. The opposite end 
of tube 44 is closed by a cap 56 through which rod 46 passes. Preferably, 
a wear bushing 57 is provided between cap 56 and spring 48. The outer end 
of rod 46 is threaded into clevis 58 and secured by jam nut 60. Clevis 58 
pivotally engages arm 36, as seen in FIG. 1 and 2. 
Preload on arm 36 is adjusted by threading rod into or out of bushing 50 to 
the desired extent. The maximum rotation of arm 36 to the upright position 
(FIG. 1) may be limited by lip 16 so that shock absorber 42 biases arm 36 
against lip 16 with bushing 50 spaced from end cap 52 in the fully stowed 
position. If a lip 16 or other similar projection is not present, shock 
absorber 42 will be adjusted so that bushing 50 (or the end of rod 46, if 
it extends beyond bushing 50 will engage end cap 52 with arm 36 in the 
desired upright position. 
Details of roller 24 are provided in FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is an 
approximately axial section through the drive end of roller 24. Roller 24 
includes a round outer tube 62, typically formed from aluminum, having a 
pair of similar end caps 64 (only one of which is shown), typically formed 
from a suitable plastic such as polyvinyl chloride. Each end cap has an 
axial opening containing a bearing 66, typically an oilite bearing, 
through which a shaft 68 passes. The outer end of shaft 68 is rigidly 
secured to arm 36 by an end bolt 70 and washer 72. A spacer 74 establishes 
the desired spacing between roller 24 and arm 36. 
The second end of roller 24 (not shown) includes the same arrangement of 
end cap 64, bushing 66, shaft 68, bolt 70, washer 72 and spacer 74 as 
shown on the drive end. However, the shaft used on the second end is a 
short stub shaft and does not include the drive means as described below 
although if desired a second, substantially identical drive arrangement 
could be included at the second end. 
A torque block 76 rotatably positioned in tube 62 has an opening 78 
containing a bushing 80, typically an oilite bearing, surrounding shaft 
68. Bushing 80 abuts a thrust boss secured to shaft 68, typically by 
welding. A drive spring 84 surrounds shaft 68 and is secured at one end 86 
to shaft 68 and the other end to torque block 76. 
As seen in FIG. 5, there is a slot 90 running the length of tube 62. Slot 
90 has a round cross section, with a narrow entrance to the slot. The 
interior wall 92 of slot 90 enters into a corresponding slot 94 in block 
76, thus forcing block 76 to rotate with tube 62 while permitting movement 
of block toward the second end of the tube for removal and replacement as 
necessary as well as compensating for spring tension changes. 
Slot 90 also provides a convenient means for securing the end of cover 22 
to roller 24. A thin rod 96 in a hem along the edge of the cover can be 
slid into slot 90 from one end, and will be held in place by the narrow 
slot entrance. 
Spring 84 can be provided with a preload as desired by rotating roller 24 
in the deployment direction while holding the cover in the fully stowed 
position. 
FIG. 6 illustrates a preferred means for assuring smooth deployment of the 
leading edge of cover 24 over a load that is heaped up at the center well 
above the sides of compartment 12. The bar 26 generally is effective in 
guiding the leading edge of cover 22 over the load 20 in compartment 12. 
However, where the material is especially finely divided, such as sand or 
dirt, and the load is heaped well above the sides of the opening, the bar 
may dig into the heap and cause some of the material to spill over on to 
the top of the cover. The cover edge slide means 98 is preferred for use 
in those circumstances. Plate 98 is typically an aluminum extrusion and 
has a length substantially equal to the width of the front edge of cover 
22. A circular slot 100 in one edge of slide means 98 is adapted to have a 
rod 102 in hem 104 in cover 22 pushed into the slot from one end. Rod 102 
is retained in place since the width of the entrance to slot 100 is less 
than the diameter of rod 102. A larger tube 106 is preferably included 
adjacent to slot 100 to add structural strength and resistance to bending 
of the slide means 98. An elongated plate 108 is formed as part of the 
extrusion, extending upwardly and forwardly of the plane of cover 22 
extending away from slot 100. A hole 110 is provided through plate 108 
near the center thereof, adjacent to tube 106. Rope 30, extends through 
hole 110 and is knotted to hold it in place. As can be seen, when the 
leading edge of cover 22, slide means 98, encounters the heaped up load 
20, plate 108 will cause the slide means 98 to slide up the face of the 
load and not dig in, preventing spillage of any of the heaped material. 
Referring now specifically to drawing FIG. 7 which depicts a hem closure at 
the distal end of the tarp through which a rod 112 extends. On the distal 
ends of the rod a spool 114 is captured thereon which allows the tarp to 
be guided along side rails 18 during deployment. 
Other applications, variations and ramifications of this invention will 
occur to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure. Those are 
intended to be included within the scope of this invention, as defined in 
the appended claims.