Image heating apparatus

An image heating apparatus is constructed by a heat generating member having a conductive layer and a magnetic field generating apparatus for generating a magnetic field. The magnetic field generating apparatus has an exciting coil and an electric power is supplied from a power source to the exciting coil by a switching circuit. An eddy current is generated in the heating member by the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating apparatus, the heat generating member generates a heat by the eddy current, and an image on a recording material is heated by the heat. The exciting coil has a first coil portion and a second coil portion for matching the impedances of the first coil portion and the heat generating member. The first coil portion and the second coil portion are neighboring. The magnetic coupling between the second coil portion and the heat generating member is weaker than that between the first coil portion and the heat generating member. The second coil portion is away from the heat generating member than the first coil portion. The first coil portion and the second coil portion are serially connected. The number of turns of the second coil portion is smaller than that of the first coil portion.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The invention relates to an image heating apparatus which is applied to an 
image forming apparatus such as copying apparatus, printer, or the like 
and, more particularly, to an apparatus for allowing a heating member to 
generate a heat by a magnetic induction. 
2. Related Background Art 
In recent years, a fixing apparatus of "magnetic induction heating system" 
has been devised in consideration of a fast printing time and adequate 
pressure/temperature response characteristics. 
The fixing apparatus of the magnetic induction heating system is an 
apparatus having a construction such that a high frequency current is 
applied to an exciting coil (coil, winding, field winding, field coil) and 
a heat generation by a surface current on the surface of a magnetic 
material serving as a heat generator by a high frequency magnetic field 
developed is applied as it is to toner. 
According to such a fixing apparatus, heat transfer model is very simple 
(for example, generation of magnetism.fwdarw.heat generation of the 
magnetic material.fwdarw.rubber layer heat transfer.fwdarw.melting of the 
toner) and a transfer response speed of the heat can be remarkably 
improved as compared with that of a heating roller system or a film 
heating system using a ceramic heater. 
According to a power supplying apparatus for supplying an electric power to 
the fixing apparatus of the magnetic induction heating system as mentioned 
above, a power source of a voltage resonant system in which a switching 
loss is reduced and a cost advantage is high is used. According to the 
power source of the voltage resonant system, a method of vibrating a 
flyback voltage when a switching element is OFF becomes a condition to 
reduce the switching loss. 
Therefore, the matching between the magnetic material serving as a heat 
generator and the exciting coil, namely, the matching of the impedance is 
given much weight in the development. In such a situation, a matching 
transformer or a matching coil is generally used in order to perform the 
matching with a load impedance. 
In the impedance matching of a switching element by the matching 
transformer of the prior art, it is expected to obtain a good switching 
state in principle and on the operation. However, an electric power to be 
treated in the invention is on a level of an electric power of 1100 W or 
more at the time of leading. When the matching transformer is actually 
designed, a size of transformer results in a cube in which one side 
exceeds 70 mm because of a magnitude of a current to flow. In case of 
installing the transformer of such a size, its size occupies almost the 
half of a size of power supply apparatus constructed to heat a fixing 
apparatus. Such an increase in costs of the transformer exceeds the costs 
of parts used in a switching circuit. 
Since the matching coil is provided at another location as another member 
different from the exciting coil, it is necessary to design an enclosing 
space for the matching coil or the like. There is a problem such that a 
construction of the apparatus becomes complicated. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the invention to provide an image heating apparatus for 
reducing a switching loss without making the apparatus complicated. 
Another object of the invention is to provide an image heating apparatus in 
which an exciting coil for allowing a heat generator to generate a heat 
has a first coil portion and a second coil portion to match impedances of 
the first coil portion and the heat generator and the first and second 
coil portions are neighboring. 
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will 
become apparent from the following detailed description and the appended 
claims with reference to the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
An embodiment of the invention will now be described hereinbelow with 
reference to the drawings. 
FIG. 1 is a schematic constructional view of an example of an image forming 
apparatus. The image forming apparatus of the embodiment relates to an 
electrophotographic color printer. 
Reference numeral 101 denotes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 
(image holding member) which is made of an organic photosensitive material 
or amorphous silicon photosensitive material. The drum 101 is rotated at a 
predetermined processing speed (peripheral velocity) counterclockwise as 
shown by an arrow. 
The photosensitive drum 101 is subjected to a uniform charging process of 
predetermined polarity and potential by a charging apparatus 102 such as a 
charging roller or the like in its rotating step. 
Subsequently, a charge processing surface is subjected to a scan exposing 
process of target image information by a laser beam 103 which is emitted 
from a laser optical box (laser scanner) 110. The laser scanner 110 
generates the laser beam 103 which was modulated (turned on/off) in 
correspondence to a time sequential electric digital pixel signal of the 
target image information from an image signal generating apparatus such as 
an image reading apparatus or the like (not shown), thereby scanning and 
exposing the surface of the rotary photosensitive drum. By the scan 
exposure, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the target image 
information which was scanned and exposed is formed on the surface of the 
rotary photosensitive drum 101. Reference numeral 109 denotes a mirror for 
deflecting the laser beam emitted from the laser scanner 110 to an 
exposing position of the photosensitive drum 101. 
In case of forming a full color image, a scan exposure and a formation of a 
latent image are performed with respect to a first color separation 
component image of a target full color image, for example, a yellow 
component image. The latent image is developed as a yellow toner image by 
the operation of a yellow developing unit 104Y in a 4-color developing 
apparatus 104. The yellow toner image is transferred onto the surface of 
an intermediate transfer drum 105 in a primary transfer portion T1 as a 
contact portion (or proximity portion) between the photosensitive drum 101 
and intermediate transfer drum 105. After the toner image was transferred 
onto the surface of the intermediate transfer drum 105, the adhered 
residual matters such as transfer residual toner and the like on the 
surface of the rotary photosensitive drum 101 are removed and the surface 
is cleaned by a cleaner 107. 
A processing cycle of the charge, scan exposure, development, primary 
transfer, and cleaning is sequentially executed with respect to each of a 
second color separation component image (for example, a magenta component 
image; in this case, a magenta developing unit 104M operates), a third 
color separation component image (for example, a cyan component image; in 
this case, a cyan developing unit 104C operates), and a fourth color 
separation component image (for example, a black component image; in this 
case, a black developing unit 104BK operates) of a target full color 
image. Thus, toner images of four colors of a yellow toner image, a 
magenta toner image, a cyan toner image, and a black toner image are 
sequentially overlapped and transferred onto the surface of the 
intermediate transfer drum 105, thereby synthesizing and forming a color 
toner image corresponding to a target full color image. 
The intermediate transfer drum 105 has an elastic layer of a middle 
resistance and a surface layer of a high resistance on a metal drum. The 
drum 105 is rotated clockwise as shown by an arrow at almost the same 
peripheral speed as that of the photosensitive drum 101 in contact with 
the photosensitive drum 101 or in close vicinity thereto. A bias potential 
is applied to the metal drum of the intermediate transfer drum 105 and a 
toner image on the photosensitive drum 101 side is transferred to the 
surface side of the intermediate transfer drum 105 by a potential 
difference between the metal drum and the photosensitive drum 101. 
In a secondary transfer portion T2 serving as a contact nipping portion 
between the rotary intermediate transfer drum 105 and a transfer roller 
106, the color toner image synthesized and formed on the surface of the 
rotary intermediate transfer drum 105 is transferred onto the surface of a 
recording material P fed from a paper feeding unit (not shown) to the 
secondary transfer portion T2 at a predetermined timing. By supplying 
charges of a polarity opposite to that of the toner from the back surface 
of the recording material P, the transfer roller 106 sequentially 
transfers the synthesized color toner image in a lump from the surface 
side of the intermediate transfer drum 105 to the recording material P. 
The recording material P which passed through the secondary transfer 
portion T2 is separated from the surface of the intermediate transfer drum 
105 and is fed to an image heating apparatus (fixing apparatus) 100 and is 
subjected to a heating fixing process of a non-fixed toner image. After 
that, the recording material P is ejected as a color image formed matter 
to a paper ejection tray (not shown) out of the apparatus. The fixing 
apparatus 100 will be explained hereinafter. 
After the color toner image was transferred to the recording material P, 
adhered residual matters such as transfer residual toner, paper powder, 
and the like on the surface of the rotary intermediate transfer drum 105 
are removed and the surface is cleaned by a cleaner 108. The cleaner 108 
is always held to the intermediate transfer drum 105 in a non-contact 
state. The cleaner 108 is held to the intermediate transfer drum 105 in a 
contact state in a secondary transfer executing step of transferring the 
color toner image onto recording material P from the intermediate transfer 
drum 105. 
The transfer roller 106 is also always held to the intermediate transfer 
drum 105 in a non-contact state. The transfer roller 106 is held to the 
intermediate transfer drum 105 in a contact state through the recording 
material P in the secondary transfer executing step of transferring the 
color toner image onto the recording material P from the intermediate 
transfer drum 105. 
A printing mode of a monochromatic image such as a white and black image or 
the like can be also executed. A both-side image printing mode or a 
multiple image printing mode can be also executed. 
In case of the both-side image printing mode, the recording material P on 
which an image had been printed to the first side and was ejected out of 
the image heating apparatus 100 is reversed upside down through a 
recirculation conveying mechanism (not shown) and is again fed to the 
secondary transfer portion T2 and a toner image is transferred to the 
second side. After that, the recording material P is again fed to the 
image heating apparatus 100 and the toner image is fixed to the second 
side. Thus, a both-side image print is outputted. 
In case of the multiple image printing mode, the recording material P after 
completion of the image printing of the first time and was ejected out of 
the image heating apparatus 100 is not reversed upside down through the 
recirculation conveying mechanism (not shown) but is again fed to the 
secondary transfer portion T2. A toner image of the second time is 
transferred to the surface on which the image of the first time has 
already been printed. The recording material is again fed to the image 
heating apparatus 100 and the toner image of the second time is fixed, so 
that a multiple image print is outputted. 
In the embodiment, toner containing a low softening substance is used. 
The fixing apparatus 100 of the embodiment is an apparatus of a pressure 
roller driving system and a magnetic induction heating system using a 
cylindrical magnetic induction exothermic film (metal heating film) as a 
fixing film. 
FIG. 2A is a cross side sectional view of a main portion of the fixing 
apparatus 100. FIG. 2B is a partial enlarged diagram of the fixing 
apparatus. FIG. 3 is a front diagram of the apparatus 100. FIG. 4 is a 
vertical sectional front diagram. 
Reference numeral 1 denotes a magnetic induction exothermic film 
(hereinafter, referred to as a fixing film) as a cylindrical heat 
generator. As shown in the layer structural diagram of FIG. 2B, the fixing 
film 1 of the embodiment is a laminated film material comprising: a 
conductive layer (metal layer, resistive layer, magnetic layer) 1a serving 
as a heat generator which performs a magnetic induction heat generation, 
for example, a cylindrical nickel film layer (hereinafter, referred to as 
a metal layer) having a thickness of 50 .mu.m; an elastic layer 1b which 
is made of silicon rubber or the like and whose outer peripheral surface 
is coated; and further, a releasing layer 1c made of a fluorine containing 
resin or the like whose outer periphery is coated. The elastic layer 1b 
and releasing layer 1c have functions for raising a fixing performance of 
the toner image and improving a toner releasing performance. 
When a magnetic flux acts on the metal layer 1a serving as a conductive 
layer, an eddy current is generated in the metal layer 1a and the metal 
layer 1a performs a magnetic induction heat generation. The metal layer 1a 
is not limited to nickel but can also use a metal or metal compound as an 
electric good conductor within a range from 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-10 
.OMEGA..cndot.cm. More preferably, it is possible to use a pure metal 
layer of iron, cobalt, or the like in which a permeability is high and a 
ferromagnetism is shown or their compound. 
Even in case of a color toner image in which a thickness of toner layer is 
large and four color toner images are multiplexed, the elastic layer 1b 
functions for allowing the surface of the fixing film 1 to trace the 
concave and convex portions of the toner layer. It is proper to set a 
hardness to 60.degree. (JIS-A) or less, more preferably, 45.degree. 
(JIS-A) or less. It is proper to set a thermal conductivity .lambda. to a 
value within a range from 6.times.10.sup.-4 to 2.times.10.sup.-3 
cal/cm.cndot.sec.cndot.deg.!. 
As a material other than the fluorine containing resin such as PFA, PTFE, 
FEP, or the like of the releasing layer 1c, it is possible to select a 
material having a good releasing performance and a heat resistance such as 
silicone resin, fluorine rubber, silicon rubber, or the like. It is 
preferable to set a thickness to 20 to 100 .mu.m. 
The cylindrical fixing film 1 is loosely coated around a cylindrical body 
constructed by a core holder 2 and a film guide member 3. 
The core holder 2 is a lower member. The film guide member 3 is an upper 
member. By overlaying the core holder and film guide member at upper and 
lower positions by using gutter shape each having a cross sectional view 
of an almost semicircular arc, an almost cylindrical body is formed. In a 
center portion of an inner bottom surface of the lower core holder 2, two 
parallel rib plates 2a and 2a are formed at an interval along the 
longitudinal direction of the holder. A first core 5 is dropped and held 
between the rib plates 2a and 2a. FIG. 5 is an external perspective view 
of the core holder 2. Reference numeral 2b denotes film inner surface 
guide ribs formed on the outer surface of the core holder 2 (a height of 
rib is set to about 0.5 mm). 
The core holder 2 and film guide member 3 are electrically insulating 
materials with a heat resistance. For example, they are molded articles of 
a phenol resin, fluorine containing resin, polyimide resin, polyamide 
resin, polyamideimide resin, PEEK resin, PES resin, PPS resin, PFA resin, 
PTFE resin, FEP resin, LCP resin, or the like. 
Reference numeral 4 denotes an exciting coil (coil) which is constructed by 
winding an electric wire around a ship-shaped body which almost 
corresponds to the inner surface of the lower core holder 2 of the gutter 
shape each having a cross sectional view of an almost semicircular arc. 
FIG. 6 is an external perspective view of the exciting coil. The exciting 
coil 4 of the ship-shaped body is held to the inner surface of the core 
holder 2. 
Reference numerals 7 and 8 denote a spacer plate and a flat cover plate 
which are sequentially overlaid and arranged over the core holder 2 which 
holds the exciting coil 4 and first core 5. Reference numeral 6 denotes a 
pair of right and left second cores which are preliminarily adhered and 
held to the back surface of the spacer plate 7. By overlaying the spacer 
plate 7 over the core holder 2 in a predetermined manner, the second cores 
6 are positioned in the upper portions on the right and left sides of the 
exciting coil 4 around the first core 5, thereby forming an array 
structure of a T-shaped cross sectional view with the first core 5. 
Each of the first core 5 and second cores 6 is a laterally wide 
ferromagnetic member of a high permeability in which the longitudinal 
direction of the core holder 2 is set to be longitudinal. It is proper to 
use a material such as ferrite, permalloy, or the like that is often used 
in a core of the transformer. More preferably, it is suitable to use 
ferrite with a small loss at frequencies of 20 to 100 kHz. 
Reference numeral 9 denotes a laterally long stay for pressurizing which is 
previously integratedly attached to the upper surface center portion of 
the flat cover plate 8. Both end portions of the stay 9 are projected 
outwardly than both ends in the longitudinal direction of the flat cover 
plate 8, respectively (FIGS. 3 and 4). 
As mentioned above, the spacer plate 7 and flat cover plate 8 are 
sequentially covered over the core holder 2. Further, the film guide 
member 3 is covered. After that, the cylindrical fixing film 1 is loosely 
externally fitted to the assembly. Moreover, ring-shaped film edge portion 
restriction flange members 10 are externally fitted to both end portions 
of the assembly, respectively. By externally fitting the ring-shaped film 
edge portion restriction flange members to the core holder 2 and film 
guide member 3, the flange members serve as hoops, so that the assembling 
components 1 to 10 are held in an assembled state. 
Reference numeral 15 denotes an elastic pressing roller serving as a 
pressurizing rotary member. The roller 15 is made up of a core 15a and a 
silicon rubber layer 15b which is formed concentratedly and integratedly 
around the core. The pressing roller 15 is arranged between the front side 
and the rear side (not shown) of the fixing apparatus so as to be 
rotatably held by a bearing. 
The assembling components 1 to 10 are arranged over the pressing roller 15 
in almost parallel with the roller in a manner such that the core holder 2 
side is set to the lower side. On both edge sides of the laterally long 
stay 9 for pressurizing, pressing springs 12 are contracted and disposed 
between spring brackets 11 each serving as fixed members and the stay edge 
portions. Thus, reaction forces f of the pressing springs 12 act on the 
stay edge portions and the stay 9 is depressed, so that the lower surface 
of the core holder 2 and pressing roller 15 are pressurized by a 
predetermined weight (10 to 50 kg) through the fixing film 1 and a fixed 
nip portion N of a predetermined width is formed. 
A driving force is transmitted from a driving source M to the pressing 
roller 15 through a driving transfer system, so that the pressing roller 
15 is rotated at a predetermined peripheral velocity counterclockwise as 
shown by an arrow (pressing roller driving system) in FIG. 2A. In 
association with the rotation of the pressing roller 15, in the fixed nip 
portion N, a rotational force acts on the cylindrical fixing film 1 
loosely fitted to the outside of the core holder 2 and film guide 3 by a 
frictional force between the rotary pressing roller 15 and the outer 
surface of the fixing film 1. Thus, the cylindrical fixing film 1 rotates 
clockwise shown by an arrow at a peripheral velocity almost corresponding 
to the rotational peripheral velocity of the pressing roller 15 while 
sliding in contact with the lower surface of the core holder 2 in the 
fixed nip portion N around the outside of the core holder 2 and film guide 
3. 
When the fixing film 1 rotates, the film edge portion restriction flange 
members 10 receive the edge portion of the fixing film 1 and function so 
as to restrict the shift along the longitudinal direction of the core 
holder of the fixing film. 
The exciting coil 4 generates a high frequency magnetic field by a high 
frequency current (alternating current) which is supplied from an exciting 
circuit (a power source, a switching circuit having a capacitive 
impedance, and the like). The high frequency magnetic field is 
concentratedly distributed to an area near the fixed nip portion N by the 
first core 5 corresponding to the position of the fixed nip portion N. The 
magnetic flux of the high frequency magnetic field allows the metal layer 
1a serving as a heat generating layer of the fixing film 1 to generate an 
eddy current. The eddy current allows the metal layer to generate a Joule 
heat by a specific resistance of the metal layer 1a (heat generation by an 
eddy current loss). That is, the metal layer 1a of the fixing film 1 
performs a magnetic induction heat generation. 
FIG. 13 shows a schematic construction of an exciting circuit S. Reference 
numeral 20 denotes a noise filter; 21 a filter capacitor; 22 a resonant 
capacitor; 23 a switching element; and 24 a free-wheeling diode. 
A DC power voltage circuit is a power source of a control circuit. The 
fixation is started by a fixation enabling signal. First, when the 
fixation enabling signal is inputted, a switching control circuit 
generates a gate pulse such that the switching element repeats proper 
on-time and off-time. When the switching element is turned on, a current 
is supplied from a rectifying circuit to an exciting coil. When the 
switching element is turned off, the current of the exciting coil is 
supplied to the resonant capacitor (to a path passing through the filter 
capacitor from the free-wheeling diode by a voltage). In this circuit, as 
the on-time is longer, a more electric power is supplied to the exciting 
coil and the electric power increases (heat generation amount also 
increases). A temperature adjustment is performed by controlling the 
on-time duration on the basis of temperature information detected by a 
thermistor 13 as temperature detecting means. 
The magnetic induction heat generation of the metal layer 1a of the fixing 
film 1 concentratedly occurs near the fixed nip portion N in which the 
alternating magnetic flux is concentratedly distributed. The fixed nip 
portion N is highly efficiently heated through the elastic layer 1b and 
releasing layer 1c. 
A temperature of the fixed nip portion N is detected by the temperature 
detection device 13 and its detection temperature information is inputted 
to a control system C (FIG. 6). The power supply (current supply) to the 
exciting coil 4 from the power source in an exciting circuit S is 
controlled by the control system C, so that the temperature of the fixed 
nip portion N is adjusted so as to be maintained to a predetermined 
temperature. 
In the embodiment, the temperature detection device 13 is a thermistor 
arranged in the lower surface portion of the core holder corresponding to 
the fixed nip portion N. The thermistor 13 is formed on a thin stainless 
plate. The stainless plate is adhered to the outer surface of the core 
holder 2 and is arranged and is covered by an insulation protective tape, 
thereby protecting the outer surface. 
In the embodiment, by concentratedly distributing the magnetic flux of the 
exciting coil 4 to the region near the fixed nip portion N, the generated 
magnetic field can be allowed to pass in a desired heating region of the 
metal layer 1a of the fixing film 1 and a high efficient fixing apparatus 
can be realized. 
The pressing roller 15 is rotated. In association with it, the cylindrical 
film 1 is rotated. The magnetic induction heat generation of the fixing 
film 1 is performed as mentioned above by supplying a current from the 
exciting circuit S to the exciting coil 4. The fixed nip portion N rises 
to a predetermined temperature. In such a temperature adjusted state, the 
recording material P on which a non-fixed toner image t had been formed 
and was conveyed from the image forming section is fed to a position 
between the fixing film 1 of the fixed nip portion N and pressing roller 
15 in a manner such that the image surface is faced upward, namely, the 
image surface faces the fixing film surface. In the fixed nip portion N, 
the image surface is adhered to the outer surface of the fixing film 1 and 
the recording material P is conveyed so as to sandwich the fixed nip 
portion N together with the fixing film 1. At the stage in which the 
recording material P is sandwiched and conveyed in the fixed nip portion N 
together with the fixing film 1, the recording material is heated by the 
magnetic induction heat generation of the fixing film 1, thereby heating 
and fixing the non-fixed toner image t on the recording material P. When 
the recording material P passes through the fixed nip portion N, it is 
separated from the outer surface of the rotary fixing film 1 and is 
ejected and conveyed. 
In the embodiment, as for an exciting coil 4, a coil in which a plurality 
of thin copper wires each of which is insulatingly coated are bound 
(bundle wire) is used as an electric wire constructing the coil and the 
exciting coil 4 is formed by winding such a bundle wire a plurality of 
number of times. As an insulative coating, it is preferable to use a 
coating having a heat resistance in consideration of a heat conduction due 
to the heat generation of the fixing film 1. For example, a heat 
resistance temperature of the coating made of polyimide is equal to 
220.degree. C. 
In FIGS. 2A and 2B, in the windings of the exciting coil 4, reference 
numeral 4a denotes a winding as a first coil portion which is adjacent to 
the metal layer 1a of the fixing film 1 through an insulating material so 
as to be magnetically coupled to the metal layer 1a. In the embodiment, 
the insulating material is the core holder 2. A thickness of core holder 2 
is equal to 1 to 5 mm. 
Reference numeral 4b denotes a winding as a second coil portion which is 
not magnetically coupled to the metal layer 1a of the fixing film 1 or in 
which a magnetic coupling with the metal layer 1a is weaker than that of 
the first winding 4a. 
In the embodiment, the exciting coil 4 has a double-winding structure 
comprising the first and second windings 4a and 4b. The first and second 
windings 4a and 4b are mutually neighboring and are wound so as to 
generate the magnetic fluxes in the same direction to the metal layer 1a 
of the fixing film 1. The first and second windings 4a and 4b are serially 
connected and an electric power is supplied thereto from the power source 
by a switching circuit having a capacitive impedance. The number of turns 
of the second winding 4b is smaller than that of the first winding 4a. 
FIG. 2B shows a state of the magnetic flux in such a construction. That is, 
the main magnetic flux formed mainly by the first winding passes through 
the second cores 6 and first core 5 having a T-shape, is magnetically 
coupled to the metal film 1a of the fixing film 1, again passes through 
the second core 6, and is directed to the first core 5. 
There are various paths of the leakage magnetic flux which is not 
magnetically coupled to the metal layer 1a of the fixing film 1 and is 
formed mainly by the second winding. However, due to the effect derived 
from the shapes of the first core 5 and second cores 6, it is considered 
that a path in which the leakage magnetic flux passes through the 
insulating material (core holder 2) between the first winding 4a and the 
fixing film 1 on the outside of the first winding 4a and enters the second 
cores 6 and first core 5 and a path in which the leakage magnetic flux 
passes between the first and second windings 4a and 4b and passes through 
the second cores 6 and first core 5 are main paths. 
Among the paths, the distance between the first winding 4a and the metal 
layer 1a of the fixing film 1 needs to be held to a distance such as not 
to deteriorate the efficiency to a certain extent without making them come 
into contact with each other in consideration of the efficiency and a 
purpose of assuring the leakage magnetic flux. In the apparatus of the 
embodiment, the core holder 2 functions as an insulating material between 
the first winding 4a and metal layer 1a and the thickness (about 1 to 5 
mm) of core holder 2 provides a proper distance between the first winding 
4a and metal layer 1a. In addition to it, a magnetic flux which is not 
coupled to the metal layer 1a of the fixing film 1 by the magnetic flux 
passing between the first and second windings 4a and 4b is assured. 
In the above construction, FIGS. 7A and 7B show equivalent circuit diagrams 
of the exciting coil portion. T1 denotes a matching transformer; L1 an 
inductance of the coil corresponding to the magnetic flux which is coupled 
to the fixing film; R an equivalent resistance of the fixing film (heating 
metal film) 1; and L2 a leakage inductance of the coil corresponding to 
the magnetic flux which is not coupled to the fixing film. 
FIG. 7A is a circuit diagram using the conventional matching transformer 
T1. In case of using the matching transformer T1, even if an inductance of 
a load has any value, by using a proper transformer, an ideal waveform can 
be realized. However, the use of the transformer T1 in the actual 
apparatus as mentioned above is fairly difficult in terms of the size and 
costs. By adjusting the leakage inductance L2 in the exciting transformer 
4 serving as an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. 7B, characteristics 
near the ideal characteristics can be realized without using the matching 
transformer T1. 
FIGS. 8A and 8B show voltage waveforms which are applied across the 
switching elements in the case of a system such that the magnetic coupling 
between the exciting coil and the metal is very good and is largely lost 
and the case of increasing the leakage inductance, respectively. 
When a constant voltage is applied to a resonant circuit in which the 
exciting coil and the resonant capacitor are connected in parallel and the 
current supply from a constant voltage source is stopped after the elapse 
of a predetermined time, the current flows continuously across the coil by 
the energy accumulated in the magnetic field and the energy accumulated in 
the electric field appears as a voltage in the capacitor to supply the 
currents, respectively. Therefore, a voltage called a flyback voltage as 
shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B is generated. However, in the case where the 
coupling between the coil and the metal member is good and a loss by the 
metal is too large, the voltage is deviated from a vibrating condition as 
shown in FIG. 8A and intends to be converged to the voltage around Vcc 
(voltage applied during the on-time). In this case, the switching element 
is subsequently turned on in a state in which the voltage Vcc is applied. 
The loss due to the switching is very large. 
On the other hand, by providing the second winding 4b and assuring the 
leakage magnetic flux which is not coupled to the metal layer 1a of the 
fixing film 1 as mentioned above, a swing of the flyback voltage increases 
as shown in FIG. 8B and the switching at a zero-cross point can be 
realized, so that a system with less switching loss can be realized. In 
other words, ideally, 
##EQU1## 
Therefore, an electric power in association with the switching in the 
switching element can be set to 0 and the switching loss can be 
suppressed. 
Even in the case where the first and second windings 4a and 4b are come 
into contact with each other, the magnetic fluxes between the windings is 
not perfectly set off, so that such an effect can be expected. However, in 
order to assure the insulation property or to adjust the leakage, it is 
also possible to provide an insulating material between the first and 
second windings 4a and 4b. 
According to the embodiment as mentioned above, the first winding portion 
in which it is a main object (first function) to magnetically couple to 
the heat generating member and the second winding portion in which it is a 
main object (second function) to assure the leakage inductance in place of 
magnetically sparsely coupling to the magnetic member by purposely 
deteriorating the magnetic coupling thereto are constructed in one 
exciting coil and the impedances of the first winding portion of the 
exciting coil and the heat generating member are matched. Therefore, the 
magnetic circuit in which the switching operation at a zero-cross point 
can be performed without needing the matching transformer can be 
relatively easily realized. 
In case of constructing a matching coil separately from the exciting coil, 
it is necessary to design an enclosing space for the matching coil 
separately from the exciting coil. In the embodiment, however, since the 
first and second winding portions are neighboring and constructed as one 
exciting coil, there is no need to design the enclosing space for the 
matching coil separately from the exciting coil and the apparatus 
construction can be simplified. 
In the above example, although the winding of the exciting coil 4 has the 
double-layer winding of the first and second windings 4a and 4b, a 
multilayer winding can be also used. FIG. 9 shows such another embodiment 
of the invention. Even in such a case, an equivalent circuit can be also 
fundamentally shown like FIG. 7B. However, a leakage component of L2 is 
equal to the sum of inductances of the winding layers 4a, 4b, 4c, . . . as 
first layer, second layer, third layer, . . . which are not concerned with 
the magnetic coupling. 
An effect similar to that mentioned above can be also obtained by sparsely 
winding the wires of the second and subsequent layers as compared with the 
first layer of the winding. 
Another embodiment of such a winding method is shown in FIG. 10A. Fig. 10B 
shows a state of magnetic flux in this instance. 
To keep the shape of exciting coil 4, it is held by an insulating material 
(resin or the like) of a small thermal expansion and a high elasticity or 
a coated wire is used as a winding of the coil. It is also possible to 
form a proper supporting body by molding or the like and to wind the coil 
around the supporting body. 
In the ideal case, the magnetic fluxes between the coils are set off and no 
leakage is generated. However, actually, since such a phenomenon doesn't 
occur and there is a tendency of increasing as the interval increases, the 
above structure is effective means for increasing the leakage without 
raising the number of turns. 
As shown in FIG. 9, the winding structure is set to a winding structure of 
at least two or more layers and the winding of the second layer and the 
winding of the third layer, . . . are away from the magnetic material as a 
heat generator in terms of the structure, thereby obtaining the leakage 
inductance. Or, the windings of the second and subsequent layers from the 
magnetic material are sparsely wound as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B the 
first function is provided for the first winding that is closest to the 
magnetic material, and the second function is provided for the remote 
second winding portion. With this construction, an enough flyback voltage 
to obtain a good switching state can be obtained. 
The apparatus of the embodiment has construction such that the position of 
the exciting coil 4 and the position of the core 5 are matched in the 
fixed nip portion N. However, as shown in an apparatus of FIG. 11, it is 
also possible to construct in a manner such that the exciting coil 4 and 
core 5 are arranged on the upstream side in the rotational direction of 
the fixing film 1 for the fixed nip portion N and the fixing film 1 is 
heated on the upstream side in the rotational direction of the fixing film 
than the fixed nip portion N and the heated portion of the film enters the 
fixed nip portion N by the rotation of the fixing film 1. 
In a small apparatus in which a diameter of cylindrical fixing film is 
small and the exciting coil cannot be assembled in the film, as shown in 
an apparatus of FIG. 12, the exciting coil 4 is arranged on the upstream 
side in the rotational direction of the fixing film for the fixed nip 
portion N and the exciting coil 4 is set to a construction of two or more 
layers (4a, 4b, . . . ) mentioned above, a similar effect can be obtained. 
Reference numeral 14 denotes a facing member which faces the pressing 
roller 15 and forms the fixed nip portion N so as to sandwich the fixing 
film 1 between the pressing roller 15 and the facing member 14. 
The fixing film 1 with the magnetic induction heat generating property can 
also have a form in which the elastic layer 1b is omitted in case of a 
film for heating and fixing a monochromatic image, a 1-path multicolor 
image, or the like. A layer obtained by mixing a metal filler into a resin 
can be also used as a magnetic layer 1a serving as a heat generator. A 
single layer member comprising only the magnetic layer 1a can be also 
used. 
It is also possible to use an apparatus structure such that the upper film 
guide member 3 for the lower core holder 2 is omitted. 
The exciting coil 4 can be also molded by an insulating resin. 
The construction of the fixing apparatus 100 serving as a heating apparatus 
is not limited to the pressing roller driving system of the embodiment. 
For example, it is also possible to construct the apparatus in a manner 
such that an endless belt-shaped fixing film is suspended with tension 
among a plurality of members such as driving roller, tension roller, and 
the like and the fixing film is rotated by the members other than the 
pressing roller. It is also possible to use an apparatus construction such 
that an elongated web-shaped member obtained by winding a fixing film in a 
roll shape is used and is wound and run and moved at a predetermined speed 
from the supply reel side to the take-up reel side. 
It is also possible to use an apparatus construction such that a fixed 
member is used as a magnetic material serving as an electromagnetic 
induction heat generating member. For example, an iron plate is fixedly 
arranged as a fixed magnetic material to the fixed nip portion, a magnetic 
induction heat generation is caused in the iron plate by the exciting 
coil, and the fixed iron plate and the pressing roller serving as a 
pressurizing member are come into pressure contact with each other through 
a thin film of a heat resistance, thereby forming the fixed nip portion N. 
The heat resistant film is rotated or run and moved in the fixed nip 
portion by the pressing roller driving system or the driving roller or 
take-up reel in a state in which the inside surface of the film slides the 
lower surface of the fixed iron plate in contact therewith. The fixed iron 
plate concentratedly receives the alternating magnetic flux which is 
developed by applying an alternating current to the exciting coil and 
causes the magnetic induction heat generation. At a stage in which the 
recording member is fed between the heat resistant film of the fixed nip 
portion and the pressing roller and is conveyed so as to sandwich the 
fixed nip portion together with the heat resistant film, the recording 
material receives the heat generation energy of the fixed iron plate 
through the heat resistant film and is heated, so that the toner image is 
fixed. 
The pressing member 15 is not limited to the roller member but can also use 
a member of another form such as a rotary belt type or the like. 
In order to also supply a thermal energy to the recording material from the 
pressing member 15 side, it is also possible to construct the apparatus in 
a manner such that heating means such as an electromagnetic induction 
heating or the like is also provided for the pressing member 15 side, 
thereby heating and adjusting to a predetermined temperature. 
The image forming principle and system of the image forming apparatus are 
not limited to the electrophotographing process but can also use another 
process such as electrostatic recording process, magnetic recording 
process, or the like of the transfer system or direct system. 
The heating apparatus of the invention is not limited to the image heating 
fixing apparatus of the embodiment but can be also widely used as means or 
apparatus for heating a material to be heated such as image heating 
apparatus for heating a recording material holding an image and for 
improving a surface property such as a glossy surface or the like, image 
heating apparatus for temporarily fixing an image, heating drying 
apparatus of a material to be heated, heating laminating apparatus, or the 
like. 
Although the invention has been described above with respect to the 
preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the 
foregoing embodiments but many modifications and variations are possible 
within the spirit and scope of the appended claims of the invention.