Processing geographical location data in a document

Techniques for processing geographical location data in a document comprise: obtaining geographical location data in the document; grading the geographical location data according to a predetermined condition to determine an associated relationship between the geographical location data; marking on an electronic map the associated relationship between the geographical location data; and presenting the marked electronic map.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application identified as 201010526403.1, filed on Oct. 25, 2010, and entitled “A Method and Apparatus of Geo-Centric Event Plotting on Digital Map,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a method and a system for processing data, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a method and a system for processing geographical location data in a document.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Geographical location data have been widely applied in various application fields. A plurality of application products about the geographical location data have been developed to provide services to users. A fundamental technology behind these services is electronic map technology. An electronic map is a map stored and reviewed in a digital manner. A method for an electronic map to store information typically uses vector-type image storage, where the map size may be scaled up, scaled down, or rotated, without affecting the display effect. Bitmap storage was previously used, where the map size could not be scaled up or down.

Modern electronic map software typically uses a geographical information system to store and transfer map data. Other information systems may be used. In an electronic map, every place in the world may be searched and browsed. Electronic map services comprise: map browsing, address search, geographical location surrounding search, drive route search, bus route search, satellite picture browsing, scenic picture browsing, and positioning and navigation, etc. Some websites even provide dedicated electronic map services for sightseeing, hotels, and house renting information. An electronic map has currently become an important application technology that is indispensable in daily life.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for processing geographical location data in a document.

For example, in one embodiment of the invention, a method for processing geographical location data in a document comprises: obtaining geographical location data in the document; grading the geographical location data according to a predetermined condition to determine an associated relationship between the geographical location data; marking on an electronic map the associated relationship between the geographical location data; and presenting the marked electronic map.

In another embodiment of the invention, a system for processing geographical location data in a document comprises: geographical location data obtaining means for obtaining geographical location data in the document; associated relationship determining means for grading the geographical location data according to a predetermined condition to determine an associated relationship between the geographical location data; marking means for marking on an electronic map the associated relationship between the geographical location data; and presenting means for presenting the marked electronic map.

In a further embodiment of the invention, an apparatus that performs the above steps comprises a processor and memory configuration.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, an article of manufacture comprises a computer readable storage medium having tangibly embodied thereon computer readable program code which, when executed, causes a computer to perform the above steps.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, many specific details are provided to help gain a thorough understanding of this invention. However, it is apparent to the skilled in the art that even without these specific details, the understanding of this invention will not be affected. Further, it should be understood that use of any of the following specific terms is only for the convenience of depiction, and thus the present invention should not be limited to any particular application expressed and/or implied by these terms.

The inventors of the present invention have noticed some features in existing electronic map services. First, the existing electronic map services are always dedicated map services, which are not combined with information focused on by a user during web browsing, and for example, when a user is browsing news, the place where the news event occurs cannot be directly displayed in the electronic map for the user to browse. Second, the existing electronic map services cannot automatically present the two associated addresses.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a technology for processing geographical location data in a document to combine geographical location data in the document with an electronic map technology, which therefore creates a brand-new information browsing manner. By using one or more embodiments of the present invention, a user may conveniently, intuitively, and automatically see on an electronic map the geographical location data in the document being browsed and the relationship between the geographical location data.

FIG. 1illustrates a flow chart of a method for processing geographical location data in a document according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, at step101, geographical location data in the document are obtained. The document may come from a Blog, news, etc., stored on a server or from any document as locally stored. The geographical location data may be geographical data of any range, including as big as a continent or as small as a building on a street. The objective of this step is to extract all geographical location data comprised in a document. This step may employ an existing Named Entity Recognition (NER) technology. The Named Entity Recognition technology may recognize person names, address names, organization names, etc., in one or more inputted articles. At step101, geographical location data including continent, state, area, city, even street, doorplate, etc., may be output from the one or more inputted articles. For a noun with multiple meanings, for example, “Washington,” the NER technology may determine whether the “Washington” as cited here is a person name or an address name based on the context. As to the Named Entity Recognition technology, it may refer to Address Standardization with Latent Semantic Association, by Honglei Guo, Huijia Zhu, Zhili Guo, XiaoXun Zhang, and Zhong Su, published on KDD2009 (http://kdd09.crowdvine.com/talks/4934), and Domain Adaptation with Latent Semantic Association for Named Entity Recognition, by Honglei Guo, Huijia Zhu, Zhili Guo, Xiaoxun Zhang, Xian Wu, and Zhong Su, published on NAACL2009 (http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1620754.1620795).

At step103, the geographical location data are graded according to a predetermined condition to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data. Grading the geographical location data may help further present the mutual relationship between the geographical location data. The predetermined condition further comprises one or more of the following: grading according to importance of the geographical location data (for example, dividing the geographical location data into focus geographical location and non-focus geographical location); grading according to a cause-effect relation between events represented by the geographical location data (for example, dividing the geographical location data into an event cause geographical location and an event effect geographical location); or grading according to a time sequence between events represented by the geographical location data (for example, dividing the geographical location data into a prior geographical location and a posterior geographical location). Of course, the grading is not limited to the two-layer grading structure as listed above, and it may be a multi-layered cascaded grading structure. Moreover, the grading is not merely limited to the above enumerated three grading manners, and it may further comprise other required grading manners. In other words, the grading manner may be further scaled as required by the user. Moreover, the above grading manners may be used separately or in combination.

If the predetermined condition is to grade according to importance of the geographical location data, then grading the geographical location data according to the predetermined condition to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data at step103may be further refined into steps inFIG. 3A. With reference toFIG. 3A, first, importance grading training data are obtained in step301A. The importance grading training data may be a plurality of documents. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a user may mark the plurality of documents manually so as to determine focus geographical locations and non-focus geographical locations. Then at step303A, analysis is performed on the manually marked out training data according to one or more of the following: locations where the geographical location data appear in a document and times that the geographical location data appear in the document, thereby automatically obtaining features of geographical location data which become focus geographical locations. Normally, geographical location data appearing in a document caption always represent a focus geographical location. In most cases, geographical location data appearing in a first sentence of each paragraph of a document also represent focus geographical locations. Of course, those geographical location data appearing frequently always represent focus geographical locations. It may be understood that the above appearing locations and appearing times may be either used separately to determine the features of the geographical location data which become focus geographical locations or used in combination to determine the features of the geographical location data which become focus geographical locations. At step305A, the importance of the geographical location data is determined based on the analysis result. For example, based on the geographical location data feature of the focus geographical location, it may be determined that whether certain geographical location data in a newly inputted document is a focus geographical location.

Further, different importance grading training data may be selected based on the nature of a document, thereby obtaining geographical location data features of different focus geographical locations. For example, for a news document, geographical location data appearing in a caption have a possibility of above 99% to become a focus geographical location in the document. However, for articles such as a blog, or an essay, the possibility for the geographical location data appearing in the caption to become a focus geographical location is only 80%, and thus it is further necessary to comprehensively consider the appearing times of the geographical location data, so as to comprehensively decide the importance of the geographical location data.

Besides, in the cases where a feature for deciding importance of geographical location data (for example, a geographical location data feature having become a focus geographical location) may be determined manually or by the method ofFIG. 3A, it is unnecessary to obtain training data and perform analysis each time a document is obtained, but importance of geographical location data in a document may be decided by directly using a known feature for deciding the importance of the geographical location data (for example, a geographical location data feature having become a focus geographical location), wherein the feature comprises one or more of the following: locations where the geographical location data appear in a document and times that the geographical location data appear in the document.

Referring back toFIG. 1, if the predetermined condition is to grade according to a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data, then grading the geographical location data according to the predetermined condition to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data at step103may be further refined into steps inFIG. 3B, wherein: at step301B, word segmentation is performed on the context where the geographical location data appear according to a grammatical structure, wherein the context may be a segment of speech, a sentence, a plurality of phrases, or a phrase, etc., which contains the geographical location data. Embodiments of the invention have no limitations on the method and manner of word segmentation. An example of an existing word segmentation method, for example, is a solution of performing word segmentation on the context provided in the website: http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml (The Stanford Parser: A statistical parser). At step303B, based on the word segmentation result, it may be decided whether the context comprises words expressing a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data. For example, in the context of “Grecian debt crisis is spilling into other European countries and roiling the economic markets in the USA and Asia,” the verbs “spilling” and “roiling” may be decided as words expressing a cause-effect relation. In an embodiment, words expressing a cause-effect relation may be limited as a series of specific words or their synonyms, for example, “causing,” “resulting,” etc. In this embodiment, two geographical locations having a cause-effect relation may be exactly found. However, this embodiment has a disadvantage that it is hard to enumerate all words expressing a cause-effect relation. Thus, at step303B, some words which have not been defined in advance but likewise express a cause-effect relation may be omitted. In another embodiment, all verbs may be regarded as words expressing a cause-effect relation. In this way, the omission phenomenon as above mentioned may be avoided, but noise may be introduced in some decisions. In practical application, different deciding policies may be selected according to different application requirements. At step305B, the cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data is determined based on the decision result, for example, determining that a cause-effect relation exists between the Greece and other European countries in the above example.

Referring back toFIG. 1, if the predetermined condition is to grade according to a time sequence between the events represented by the geographical location data, then grading the geographical location data according to the predetermined condition to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data at step103may be further refined into steps ofFIG. 3C, wherein: at step301C, word segmentation is performed on the context where the geographical location data appear according to a grammatical structure. At step303C, based on the word segmentation result, it may be decided whether the context comprises words expressing the time sequence between the events represented by the geographical location data. For example, for the context “today, Mayor Li paid a visit to Haidian District, and tomorrow, Mr. Li will inspect Chaoyang District,” the words “today” and “tomorrow” indicating a time sequence associate the two geographical location data “Haidian District” and “Chaoyang District.” At step305C, the time sequence between the events represented by the geographical location data are determined according to the decision result.

Referring back toFIG. 1, grading the geographical location data according to a predetermined condition to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data at step103may further comprise: filtering out geographical location data that does not require marking out according to a context where the geographical location data appears. For example, in a press release, information such as “reported by a correspondent from the Beijing Television Station” frequently appears. Generally, the geographical location “Beijing” in “Beijing Television Station” has no direct associated relationship with the news event as reported, and thus those geographical location data which need not be concerned about may be filtered out based on particular words (for example, “television station,” etc.) in a context where the geographical location data appear.

Continuing the steps inFIG. 1, at step105, the associated relationship between the geographical location data is marked on an electronic map. At step107, the marked electronic map is presented. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is no limitation on the manner of marking out the associated relationship, and any marking manner may be used. According to another embodiment of the present invention, a connection line may be used to connect at least two geographical location data having an associated relationship (seeFIGS. 4B,5, and6). The connection line may be a straight line, dotted line, parabola, etc., and it may be expressed with or without an arrow. According to a still further embodiment of the present invention, a contour line may also be used to mark out at least two geographical location data with an associated relationship (seeFIG. 4C). According to a yet further embodiment of the present invention, a verb connecting geographical location data (for example, the verb “roiling” as mentioned above) in the document may be used to mark out the associated relationship between the geographical location data. Besides, at least two geographical location data having an associated relationship may also be highlighted. For example, as to the above example “today, Mayor Li paid a visit to Haidian District, and tomorrow, Mr. Li will inspect Chaoyang District,” “Haidian District” and “Chaoyang District” may be highlighted on an electronic map to indicate the associated relationship therebetween, which need not use an explicit connection line or contour line. The present invention has no special imitation on how to highlight at least two geographical locations having an associated relationship. Of course, other manner may also be used to mark out the associated relationship of the geographical location data.

FIG. 2illustrates a flow chart of a method for processing geographical location data in a document according to another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the method flow ofFIG. 1, the method flow ofFIG. 2has three additional steps (203,207,211denoted by dotted blocks) such that the processing effect of the geographical location data becomes more perfect.

First, at step201, the geographical location data of a document are obtained. Since this step corresponds to step101inFIG. 1, its specific implementation manner will not be detailed here.

At step203, the obtained geographical location data are disambiguated. The disambiguation may be one or more of the following: (1) correcting a wrong expression of the geographical location data obtained from the document, for example, correcting misspelling or miswriting of the geographical location data; (2) expressing the geographical location data in a uniform manner. For example, in a document, there may be a plurality of expressions for “USA,” such as “United States,” “American,” “USA,” etc. However, when mapped on an electronic map, those expressions should be expressed in a uniform manner, for example, various expression of “USA” being unified as “United States.”

At step205, the geographical location data are graded according to a predetermined condition so as to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data. This step corresponds to the step103inFIG. 1, and thus its specific content will not be detailed here.

At step207, specific positioning is performed on the geographical location data, thereby a fine granularity expression of the geographical location data is used to represent the geographical location data. During the process of marking out the associated relationship between the geographical location data in a connection line manner, if one of the geographical location data is a relatively larger geographical scope (for example, “China”), there may be difficult in marking. Thus, a fine granularity expression of the geographical location data may be considered to represent the geographical location data (for example, using the geographical location “Beijing” to express the geographical location data “China”). Likewise, whether to perform positioning at step207may also be determined according to the nature of the document data. For example, for a political news document, the method of using a fine granularity expression of the geographical location data to represent the geographical location data per se as recited at step207may be used, while for an entertainment news document, step207might not be performed. Likewise, there are also a plurality of implementation solutions for the performing sequence of step207, which may be performed after step205or before step205.

At step209, the associated relationship between the geographical location data is marked on an electronic map. The content in step209corresponds to the content in step105inFIG. 1, which will not be detailed here.

At step211, a preferred layer for presenting the marked electronic map is determined. A person of normal skill in the art understands that the geographical location data in the electronic map is multiple layered according to the granularity of the geographical data, for example, 5 layers, 10 layers, and 20 layers, etc. With a 5-layered data as an example, in layer1, the electronic map can only present each continent and country, while in layer2, the electronic map may present cities of each country, and in layer3, the electronic map may present main streets of each city, and so forth. By constant Zoom In and Zoom Out actions, the user may look up an electronic map in different layers. In order to present the marked electronic map more perfectly at step213, at step211, a preferred layer for presenting the marked electronic map is determined. There is a plurality of manners for determining a preferred layer, for example, determining the layer where the focus geographical location data appear as the preferred display layer, or determining the layer where most geographical location data are located as the preferred display layer, etc. According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the preferred layer for presenting is determined, the user can still look up the marked electronic map with different granularities through the Zoom In and Zoom Out actions. For example, when an electronic map is presented with fine granularity, a connection line for presenting an associated relationship between the geographical location data may point to Dorset County (a county of southwest England on the English channel). However, if the user zooms out to an electronic map with a relative coarse granularity, the connection line for presenting the associated relationship between the geographical location data may point to England.

In different embodiments, one or more of steps203,207,211may be selectively applied, or none of steps203,207,211may be selected.

FIG. 4Aillustrates a diagram of a document in an embodiment of the present invention. This document introduces the impact of Grecian debt crisis on other countries and regions in the world, and the affected countries include the USA, Germany, Spain, Portugal, England, and Japan. The document as shown inFIG. 4Amay be a news report on a web or a locally stored article. The present invention may process the geographical location data in the document ofFIG. 4Ato finally present the marked electronic map.

FIG. 4Billustrates an electronic map presented after the geographical location data ofFIG. 4Ais processed according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the area denoted by a triangle is Greece, and the 6 connection lines with arrows indicate 6 countries affected by the Grecian debt crisis. Hereinafter, an exemplary illustration will be made to the process of obtaining an electronic map inFIG. 4Baccording to the embodiment as shown inFIG. 2. At step201, all geographical location data in the document ofFIG. 4Aare first obtained, comprising Greece, USA, Germany, Spain, Portugal, England, and Japan. At step203, disambiguation is performed on the obtained geographical location data, comprising unifying “United States,” “U.S.,” and “American.” At step205, the geographical location data are graded according to a predetermined condition to determine an associated relationship between the geographical location data. In this embodiment, the geographical location data may be graded according to a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data so as to determine the associated relationship between the geographical location data, i.e., the associated relationship between Greece and other countries. At step207, specific positioning is performed on the geographical location data, for example, representing the USA by the American capital “Washington.” In order to display the connection line with arrows clearly in a limited space, the places as pointed to by some arrows inFIG. 4Bmight not be the capital of the country. At step209, the geographical location data and their associated relationship are marked out on an electronic map, i.e., marked with a collection line with arrow. In other embodiments, a connection line without arrow may also be used to mark. At step211, a preferred layer for presenting the marked electronic map is determined, for example, selecting the third layer of the 5 layers as the preferred layer. At step213, the marked electronic map is presented, as shown inFIG. 4B.

FIG. 4Cillustrates an electronic map presented after the geographical location data ofFIG. 4Aare processed according to another embodiment of the present invention. UnlikeFIG. 4B,FIG. 4Cuses a contour line instead of a connection line to indicate the countries affected by the Grecian debt crisis.

FIG. 5illustrates an electronic map presented after the geographical location data in multiple documents under the same theme are processed according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment ofFIG. 5, the geographical location data in multiple documents under the same theme (including news from CNN, Washington Post, and Fox News) may be processed and presented in the same electronic map. Besides the connection lines, the embodiment inFIG. 5may also mark a verb connecting two geographical location data, for example, using the verb “threatening” to additionally mark the connection line connecting Greece and the USA.

FIG. 6illustrates an electronic map presented after the geographical location data in multiple documents under the same theme are processed according to another embodiment of the present invention. There are two documents inFIG. 6, one being about the Grecian debt crisis, and the other being about the volcano eruption of Iceland. Connection lines in different colors may be used to present an associated relationship between geographical location data of different themes on the same electronic map.

FIG. 7illustrates a block diagram of a system for processing geographical location data in a document according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system inFIG. 7comprises geographical location data obtaining means for obtaining geographical location data in the document, associated relationship determining means for grading the geographical location data according to a predetermined condition to determine an associated relationship between the geographical location data, marking means for marking on an electronic map the associated relationship between the geographical location data, and presenting means for presenting the marked electronic map.

The predetermined condition as the basis for the associated relationship determining means may comprise one or more of the following: grading according to importance of the geographical location data; grading according to a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data; and grading according to a time sequence of the events represented by the geographical location data.

If the predetermined condition is to grade according to importance of the geographical location data, then the associated relationship determining means further comprises: importance feature determining means for determining a feature for deciding the importance of the geographical data; and importance deciding means for deciding the importance of geographical location data in the document based on the feature for deciding the importance of the geographical location data, wherein the feature may comprise one or more of the following items: appearing locations of the geographical location data in the document, and appearing times of the geographical location data in the document.

If the predetermined condition is to grade according to a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data, the associated relationship determining means further comprises: grammatical structure analyzing means for performing word segmentation on a context where the geographical location data appear according to a grammatical structure, cause-effect relation deciding means for deciding whether the context comprises words expressing a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data based on the word segmentation result, and cause-effect determining means for determining a cause-effect relation between the events represented by the geographical location data according to the deciding result.

If the predetermined condition is to grade according to a time sequence between the events represented by the geographical location data, the associated relationship determining means further comprises: grammatical structure analyzing means for performing word segmentation on a context where the geographical location data appear according to a grammatical structure, time sequence deciding means for deciding whether the context comprises words expressing a time sequence between the events represented by the geographical location data based on the word segmentation result, and time-sequence determining means for determining a time sequence between the events represented by the geographical location data according to the deciding result.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the associated relationship determining means may further comprise filtering means. The filtering means is for filtering out geographical location data that do not need to be marked out based on a context where the geographical location data appear.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the marking means is further for marking out an associated relationship between the geographical location data with a connection line.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the marking means is further for marking out an associated relationship between the geographical location data with a contour line.

Respective means inFIG. 7correspond to respective steps inFIG. 1, and thus the embodiments described in the introduction to the method inFIG. 1will not be repeated hereinafter.

FIG. 8illustrates a block diagram of a system for processing geographical location data in a document according to another embodiment of the present invention. The system inFIG. 8comprises geographical location data obtaining means, disambiguation means, associated relationship determining means, positioning means, marking means, preferred layer determining means, and presenting means, wherein the geographical location data obtaining means, associated relationship determining means, marking means, and presenting means are identical to those inFIG. 7, and their specific functions and embodiments will not be repeated here. Compared with the system inFIG. 7, the system ofFIG. 8has three extra means, namely disambiguation means, positioning means, and preferred layer determining means. Among them, the disambiguation means is for performing disambiguation on the obtained geographical location data, comprising expressing the geographical location data in a uniform manner; the positioning means is for performing specific positioning on the geographical location data, thereby a fine granularity expression of the geographical location data is used to represent the geographical location data; and the preferred layer determining means is for determining a preferred layer for presenting the marked electronic map such that the presenting means further presents the marked electronic map according to the preferred layer.

Respective means inFIG. 8correspond to respective steps inFIG. 2, and thus the embodiments described in the introduction to the method inFIG. 2will not be repeated hereinafter.

The terms as used herein are only for illustrating specific embodiments, but not intended to limit this invention. The phrase “a” and “the” in singular form herein is intended also to include a plural form, unless otherwise specified in the context. It should be further noted that when the word “comprising” is used in this specification, it indicates existence of a feature, unity, step, operation, unit and/or component as set forth, but it does not exclude existent or addition of one or more other features, unities, steps, operations, units and/or components, and/or their combination.

Accordingly, techniques of the invention, for example, as depicted inFIGS. 1-8, can also include, as described herein, providing a system, wherein the system includes distinct modules (e.g., modules comprising software, hardware or software and hardware). By way of example only, the modules may include but are not limited to the means blocks respectively shown inFIGS. 7 and 8. These and other modules may be configured, for example, to perform the steps described and illustrated in the context ofFIGS. 1-8.

One or more embodiments can make use of software running on a general purpose computer or workstation. With reference toFIG. 9, such an implementation 900 employs, for example, a processor902, a memory904, and an input/output interface formed, for example, by a display906and a keyboard908. The term “processor” as used herein is intended to include (but not be limited to) any processing device, such as, for example, one that includes a CPU (central processing unit) and/or other forms of processing circuitry. Further, the term “processor” may refer to more than one individual processor. The term “memory” is intended to include (but not be limited to) memory associated with a processor or CPU, such as, for example, RAM (random access memory), ROM (read only memory), a fixed memory device (for example, hard drive), a removable memory device (for example, diskette), a flash memory and the like. In addition, the phrase “input/output interface” as used herein, is intended to include (but not be limited to) one or more mechanisms for inputting data to the processing unit (for example, keyboard or mouse), and one or more mechanisms for providing results associated with the processing unit (for example, display or printer).

The processor902, memory904, and input/output interface such as display906and keyboard908can be interconnected, for example, via bus910as part of a data processing unit912. Suitable interconnections, for example, via bus910, can also be provided to a network interface914, such as a network card, which can be provided to interface with a computer network, and to a media interface916, such as a diskette or CD-ROM drive, which can be provided to interface with media918.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code can include at least one processor902coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements904through a system bus910. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboard908, display906, pointing device, and the like) can be coupled to the system either directly (such as via bus910) or through intervening I/O controllers (omitted for clarity).

As used herein, including the claims, a “server” includes a physical data processing system (for example, system912as shown inFIG. 9) running a server program. It will be understood that such a physical server may or may not include a display and keyboard. Also, the computer architecture900could represent an illustrative implementation of a client device.

The corresponding structure, material, operation, and all equivalent replacements of functionally limited means or steps in the claims are intended to comprise any structure, material or operation for performing the function in combination with other units as specifically set forth in the claims. The provided description on the present invention is intended for illustration and depiction, which is not for exhaustion, or limiting the present invention to the expressed form. To a person of ordinary skill in the art, many modifications and variations may be apparently made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Selection and illustration of the embodiments are for better explaining the principle and actual application of the present invention such that a person of normal skill in the art may understand that the present invention may have various embodiments with various kinds of changes suitable for the required specific use.