Fabric care composition containing starch and surfactant

Compositions and process for preparing stable aqueous liquid suspensions containing specific stabilized gelatinized vegetable starch and surface-active detergents. The compositions herein can be employed as fabric care agents, particularly following exposure of fabrics to washing media containing water-insoluble solvents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to compositions and processes for preparing liquid 
suspensions containing specific stabilized gelatinized vegetable starch 
and surface-active agents. The compositions of this invention can be used 
for simultaneously providing fabric care benefits and a solvent removal 
action for fabrics exposed to washing media containing water-insoluble 
solvents. 
The copending commonly assigned patent application of Rodney M. Wise and 
Sharon J. Mitchell entitled DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE OILY SOIL 
REMOVAL (U.S. Ser. No. 839,221, filed Oct. 3, 1977) discloses compositions 
and methods for removing oily soils from fabrics involving treatment with 
specific mixtures of solvents and solvent soluble emulsifiers in aqueous 
washing media followed by treatment with surface-active agents to remove 
retained solvent and emulsifier from the fabrics. 
The present invention provides fabric care compositions comprising a 
specific stabilized gelatinized vegetable starch and a surface-active 
detergent. The compositions are useful in fabric care applications 
requiring a combination of a sizing effect and detergency. As hereinafter 
described, aqueous liquid gelatinized starch dispersions are stabilized by 
exposure to a pH in the range of from about 10 to about 13 or gelatinized 
and stabilized simultaneously by heating to above the starch's 
gelatinization temperature while exposing the starch to the required pH. 
Any excess alkali is then neutralized to a pH of from about 4 to about 9. 
The compositions contain from about 5% to about 50% of a surface-active 
detergent selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, 
zwitterionic and amphoteric surface-active detergents and mixtures thereof 
and have a pH of from about 4 to about 11. 
STATE OF THE ART 
Stabilization of liquid starch dispersions and suspensions to prevent 
retrogradation of gelatinized starch is known. Retrogradation is a 
phenomena attributed to molecular reassociation of starch to polymeric 
forms previously broken down by heat or treatment by acids, enzymes or 
oxidization. 
U.S. Pat. No. 2,014,794, (Bierly) discloses inhibition of the congealing of 
starch solutions by addition of low levels of fatty alcohol sulfates. 
U.S. Pat. No. 2,702,755, (Chaney) discloses the preparation of stable 
cornstarch dispersions in water by adding NaOH to provide a pH of 10 to 12 
and cooking such dispersions with agitation at 140.degree. F. to 
160.degree. F. for 5 to 30 minutes followed by cooking and neutralization 
to pH 5.5 to 7. There is no disclosure of the incorporation of 
surface-active agents or that the process provides for stable combinations 
of starch and surface-active detergents. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,130,081, (Evans) discloses preparation of amylose 
dispersions in a pH range at which amylose is normally insoluble. The 
process involves addition of 4% to 10% of a strong alkali to 5% to 20% 
dispersions of amylose in water at a temperature of 90.degree. F. to 
180.degree. F. followed by neutralization to a pH of 2 to 9. The process 
is said to be applicable to starch products containing at least 50% 
amylose as contrasted with natural vegetable starches that generally 
contain no more than about 30% amylose. 
While the stabilization of vegetable starch and amylose by treatment with 
alkaline materials is known, it has not been recognized that such 
treatment provides a particular benefit to combinations of starch and 
surface-active detergents in aqueous media. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide compositions and 
processes for stable suspensions containing gelatinized vegetable starch 
and surface-active detergents. 
A further object of this invention is to provide fabric care compositions 
adapted for use on fabrics previously exposed to washing media containing 
water-insoluble solvents. 
These and other objects are obtained herein, as will be seen by the 
following disclosure. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention encompasses liquid fabric care composition suitable 
for restoring body to fabrics comprising: 
(a) from about 1% to about 25% of a gelatinized and stabilized vegetable 
starch prepared by exposing a water dispersion of a gelatinized vegetable 
starch to a pH of from about 10 to about 13 to stabilize said starch and 
thereafter neutralizing any excess alkali to provide a pH of from about 4 
to about 9; 
(b) from about 5% to about 50% of a surface-active detergent selected from 
the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric 
surface-active detergents and mixtures thereof; 
(c) up to about 20% of an electrolyte; and 
(d) from about 25% to about 94% water, said composition having a pH of from 
about 4 to about 11. 
Vegetable starches suitable for use in the practice of this invention 
include corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch and potato starch. Corn 
starch is particularly suitable. 
Alkaline materials suitable for providing a pH of from about 10 to about 
13, in the process of this invention include alkali metal hydroxides, 
carbonates, silicates and phosphates. Alkali metal hydroxides are a 
convenient source of alkalinity for stabilization. 
Surface-active agents suitable for use in the practice in this invention 
are water-soluble anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric 
surface-active agents. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The fabric care compositions of this invention comprise three essential 
ingredients: 
(1) the specific stabilized gelatinized vegetable starch disclosed herein; 
(2) a surface-active detergent; and 
(3) water 
THE STARCH 
Starch derived from plant sources is generally a mixture of 15% to 40% 
linear chain amylose and 60% to 85% branched chain amylopectin. In raw 
form, plant derived starch is in minute water-insoluble granules that 
range in size from about 4 to 8 microns for rice to 15 to 100 microns for 
potato. Corn starch granules are generally in a 10 to 25 micron range. 
When water suspensions of vegetable starch granules are heated to 
progressively higher temperatures, nothing substantial occurs until a 
critical gelatinization temperature is reached, specific to the species of 
starch. At this temperature the granules swell, lose polarization crosses, 
and irreversibly lose anisotropy. Potato starch gelatinizes in the range 
of 56.degree.-67.degree. C., corn starch in the range of 
62.degree.-72.degree. C., and rice and sorghum in the range of 
68.degree.-78.degree. C. After initial gelatinization, the starch granules 
continue to swell and the granules' structure is at least partially 
disrupted to produce the thick-bodied consistency of a cooked starch 
paste. 
Gelatinized starch dispersions are subject to stability problems of which 
retrogradation is particularly serious. In relatively concentrated 
dispersions, retrogradation results in a viscosity increase or gelling. In 
relatively dilute dispersions retrogradation can result in sedimentation. 
Retrogradation is attributed to molecular reassociation of amylose but 
dispersion viscosity is also a function of the extent of fragmentation of 
the swollen starch granules. Gelatinized but intact starch granules 
substantially contribute to dispersion viscosity. 
The starch is preferably used at a level of from about 2.5% to about 10%, 
most preferably from about 3% to about 7%, by weight of the compositions. 
The vegetable starches used in this invention include the so-called 
modified starches exemplified by starches treated with acid, enzymes or by 
oxidation or by addition of ether or ester groups. Modified starches 
generally provide relatively lower viscosity dispersions and are known as 
"thin boiling" starches. Pre-gelatinized modified starches can also be 
utilized, in which event no additional heating step is necessary. 
Although treatment of starch with alkaline materials is known, it has not 
previously been recognized that the resultant dispersion is particularly 
stable in the presence of relatively large amounts of surface-active 
detergents and optional electrolytes in aqueous compositions. 
The process of this invention provides for stabilization of aqueous starch 
dispersions by exposing an aqueous dispersion of a gelatinized starch to a 
pH of from about 10 to about 13, preferably from about 10 to about 11, and 
thereafter neutralizing any excess caustic to a pH of from about 4 to 
about 9. If the starch has not previously been gelatinized, the starch 
should be held at a temperature above its gelatinization point for at 
least about 5 minutes prior to, or simultaneously with the exposure to 
said pH. 
While not wishing to be bound by theory, it appears that alkalinity 
increases the swelling power of the starch at temperatures above the 
gelatinization point and that this results in an increase in granule 
breakdown with a resultant decrease in viscosity. The general mechanism of 
improved phase stability of alkaline treated gelatinized starch in the 
presence of surface active agents is believed to involve a reduction of 
the molecular weight of the amylose fraction and an improved resistance of 
the amylose to retrogradation, i.e., repolymerization. 
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT 
The surface-active detergents of this invention are selected from the group 
consisting of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric 
surface-active detergents and mixtures thereof. 
Water soluble anionic surfactants suitable for use in the practice of this 
invention include the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and 
substituted ammonium salts of organic sulfuric reaction products. Examples 
of salts of organic sulfuric reaction products are sodium alkyl sulfate 
and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate wherein the alkyl group contains from 
about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. Other preferred surfactants of this 
class are paraffin sulfonates and olefin sulfonates in which the alkyl or 
alkenyl group contains from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. 
Other preferred water soluble anionic surfactants useful herein are alkyl 
ether sulfates having the formula RO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.x SO.sub.3 M 
wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, x is 1 
to 30, and M is a water-soluble cation. The alkyl ether sulfates useful in 
the present invention are condensation products of ethylene oxide and 
monohydric alcohols having about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms. Preferably, 
R has 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The alcohols can be derived from natural 
fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Such alcohols are 
reacted with 1 to 30, and especially 3, molar proportions of ethylene 
oxide and the resulting mixture of molecular species is sulfated and 
neutralized. 
Specific examples of alkyl ether sulfates of the present invention are 
sodium coconut alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, lithium tallow 
alkyl triethylene glycol ether sulfate, and sodium tallow alkyl 
hexaoxyethylene sulfate. Preferred alkyl ether sulfates are those 
comprising a mixture of individual compounds, said mixture having an 
average alkyl chain length of from about 12 to 16 carbon atoms and an 
average degree of ethoxylation of from about 1 to 4 moles of ethylene 
oxide. 
Additional examples of anionic surfactants useful herein are the compounds 
which contain two anionic functional groups. These are referred to as 
di-anionic surfactants. Suitable dianionic surfactants are the 
disulfonates, disulfates, or mixtures thereof which may be represented by 
the following formula: 
EQU R(SO.sub.3).sub.2 M.sub.2,R(SO.sub.4).sub.2 
M.sub.2,R(SO.sub.3)(SO.sub.4)M.sub.2 
where R is an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbyl group having 15 to 20 carbon 
atoms and M is a water-solubilizing cation, for example, the C.sub.15 to 
C.sub.20 disodium 1,2-alkyldisulfates, C.sub.15 to C.sub.20 
dipotassium-1,2-alkyldisulfonates or disulfates, disodium 1,9-hexadecyl 
disulfates, C.sub.15 to C.sub.20 disodium 1,2-alkyldisulfonates, disodium 
1,9-stearyldisulfates and 6,10-octadecyldisulfates. 
Water soluble nonionic surfactants having an HLB value of from about 11 to 
about 18 and useful herein include: 
1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols. These compounds 
include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group 
containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or 
branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide 
being present in amounts equal to 3 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole 
of alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived, 
for example, from polymerized propylene or isobutylene, octene or nonene. 
Examples of compounds of this type include nonyl phenol condensed with 
about 9.5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonyl phenol and dodecyl 
phenol condensed with about 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of dodecyl 
phenol. Commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include 
Igepal CO-610 marketed by the GAF Corporation, and Triton X-45, X-114, 
X-100 and X-102, all marketed by the Rohm and Haas Company. 
2. The condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with ethylene oxide. The 
alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol may either be straight or branched 
and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. The degree 
of ethoxylation can vary from about 3 to about 30. Examples of such 
ethoxylated alcohols include the condensation product of about 6 moles of 
ethylene oxide with 1 mole of tridecanol, myristyl alcohol condensed with 
about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of myristyl alcohol, the 
condensation product of ethylene oxide with coconut fatty alcohol wherein 
the coconut alcohol is a mixture of fatty alcohols with alkyl chains 
varying from 10 to 14 carbon atoms and wherein the condensate contains 
about 6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and the condensation 
product of about 9 moles of ethylene oxide with the above-described 
coconut alcohol. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants 
of this type include Tergitol 15-S-9 marketed by the Union Carbide 
Corporation, Neodol 23-6.5 marketed by the Shell Chemical Company. 
3. The condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base 
formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The 
hydrophobic portion of these compounds has a molecular weight of from 
about 1500 to 1800 and exhibits water insolubility. The addition of at 
least about 30%, and usually less than about 90%, by weight of 
polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion provides 
water-solubility to the molecule. Examples of compounds of this type 
include certain of the commercially available Pluronic surfactants 
marketed by the Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation. 
4. The condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting 
from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. The hydrophobic 
base of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine 
and excess propylene oxide, said base having a molecular weight of from 
about 2500 to about 3000. This base is condensed with ethylene oxide to 
the extent that the condensation product contains from about 40 to about 
80% by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of from about 
5,000 to about 11,000. Examples of this type of nonionic surfactant 
include certain of the commercially available Tetronic compounds marketed 
by the Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation. 
5. Surfactants having the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 N.fwdarw.O (amine 
oxide surfactants) wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 
10 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 2 hydroxy groups and from 0 
to about 5 ether linkages, there being at least one moiety of R.sup.1 
which is an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms 
and no ether linkages, and each R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is selected from the 
group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 
to about 3 carbon atoms. Specific examples of amine oxide surfactants 
include: dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, 
ethylmethyltetradecylamine oxide, cetyldimethylamine oxide, 
dimethylstearylamine oxide, cetylethylpropylamine oxide, 
diethyldodecylamine oxide, diethyltetradecylamine oxide, 
dipropyldodecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide, 
bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropylamine oxide, 
(2-hydroxypropyl)methyltetradecylamine oxide, dimethyloleylamine oxide, 
dimethyl-(2-hydroxydodecyl)amine oxide, and the corresponding decyl, 
hexadecyl and octadecyl homologs of the above compounds. 
Amphoteric synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of 
aliphatic, or alkyl substituted hetero cyclic, secondary and tertiary 
amines in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched 
and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 
carbon atoms and at least one contains an anionic water-solubilizing 
group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. Examples of compounds falling 
within this definition are sodium 3-(dodecylamino)propionate, sodium 
2-(dodecylamino)ethyl sulfate, sodium 2-(dimethylamino)octadecanoate, 
disodium 3-(N-carboxymethyldodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate, disodium 
octadecyl-iminodiacetate, sodium 1-carboxymethyl-2-undecylimidazole, and 
sodium N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-sulfato-3-dodecoxy-propylamine. Sodium 
3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate is preferred. 
Zwitterionic surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of 
secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and 
tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary 
phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. The cationic atom in the 
quaternary compound can be part of a heterocyclic ring. In all of these 
compounds there is at least one aliphatic group, straight chain or 
branched, containing from about 3 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one 
aliphatic substituent attached to an "onium" atom and containing an 
anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, 
phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of zwitterionic surfactants include 
3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate; 
3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate; 
N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonio acetate; 
3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonio)propionate; 
2-(N,N-dimethyl-N-octadecylammonio)ethyl sulfate; 
3-(P,P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphonio)propane-1-sulfonate; 
2-(S-methyl-S-tert-hexadecylsulfo)ethane-1-sulfonate; 
3-(S-methyl-S-dodecylsulfonio)propionate; 
N,N-bis(oleylamidopropyl-N-methyl-N-carboxymethylammonium betaine; 
N,N-bis(stearamidopropyl)-N-methyl-N-carboxymethylammonium betaine; 
N-(stearamidopropyl)-N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethylammonium betaine; 
3-(N-4-n-dodecylbenzyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate; and 
3-(N-dodecylphenyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate. 
The surface-active agent is present in the fabric care composition at a 
concentration of from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 10% to 
about 30%, and most preferably from about 15% to about 25%. 
ELECTROLYTE 
Preferably, at least about 0.5%, but not more than about 20% of an 
electrolyte should be present in the fabric care composition for optimum 
stability. This can be any suitable inorganic or organic ionizable 
compound such as the salts or acids--e.g., alkali metal or alkaline earth 
metal chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, acetates and 
citrates. Preferably the electrolyte concentration is from about 1% to 
about 10%, and most preferably from about 2% to about 7%. sodium and 
potassium carbonate are particularly preferred electrolytes. 
WATER 
The liquid fabric care compositions of this invention comprise from about 
25% to about 94% water, preferably from about 50% to about 80%. 
OPTIONAL INGREDIENTS 
Ingredients not inconsistent with the stability or performance of the 
fabric care compositions of the invention can be incorporated. 
Ethyl alcohol and other water-soluble organic solvents can be utilized at 
levels up to about 10%, preferably from about 1% to about 5%, to aid in 
the incorporation of the surface-active agents. Hydrotropes or blending 
agents such as urea, and sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono-, di- or 
tri-ethanolammonium cumene sulfonate, benzene sulfonate, toluene sulfonate 
and xylene sulfonate and mixtures therefore can also find use to inhibit 
phase separation of the composition throughout a broad range of possible 
storage temperatures. Hydrotropes or blending agents can be used at levels 
up to about 8%, preferably from about 1% to about 6%. 
Fabric softening and antistatic agents are particularly useful optional 
ingredients in the compositions of this invention as described in the 
copending application of Samuel M. Johnson and Emelyn L. Hiland, Ser. No. 
885,937, filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference. 
Examples of fabric softening agents are cationic quaternary ammonium 
compounds such as ditallowdimethylammonium chloride or the smectite clays 
such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,936,537, incorporated herein by 
reference. Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds can be used at levels up 
to about 8%, preferably from about 0.25% to 4%. Smectite clays can be used 
as disclosed in the copending application of John W. Leikhim and Sharon J. 
Mitchell, Ser. No. 885,933, filed concurrently herewith, and incorporated 
herein by reference. Smectite clay fabric softening agents can be used in 
the compositions of this invention at levels up to about 15%, preferably 
from about 0.5% to about 8%. 
In the process aspect of this invention, the alkaline pH can be provided by 
addition of sodium hydroxide or other alkaline material to a starch 
dispersion or to a mixture of the starch and other essential or optional 
components of the fabric care composition. Any excess alkali is then 
neutralized with a mineral acid or other acidic material to a pH range of 
from about 4 to about 9. The time required at the higher pH to provide 
stabilization will vary depending upon concentration, temperature, and 
agitation with a time in the range of about one to about five minutes 
being convenient. The final composition with its essential and any 
optional components can have a pH in the range of from about 4 to 11, 
preferably from about 5 to about 10. 
In the method of use aspect of the present invention the fabric care 
composition is added to an aqueous laundry washing or rinse medium to 
provide from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm, preferably from about 150 ppm 
to about 350 ppm, most preferably from about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, of 
starch on a solids basis. From about 200 ppm to about 4000 ppm of 
surface-active detergent, preferably from about 300 to about 2000, most 
preferably from about 500 to about 1500, is desirable in the aqueous 
laundry medium when the composition is to be used in the practice of U.S. 
patent application Ser. No. 839,221, referred to hereinbefore. For use 
alone, or as a rinse additive, lower concentrations of surface active 
detergent, e.g., from about 100 ppm to about 1000 ppm, preferably from 
about 200 ppm to about 500 ppm, are desirable in the aqueous laundry 
medium. 
Other ingredients can be included in minor amounts including optical 
brighteners, perfumes, anti-redeposition agents, detergency builder, suds 
suppressors, soil release agents, dyes, opacifiers, pigments, 
anti-bacterial agents, suds boosters, corrosion inhibitors, etc.

In the following examples, components other than water are added after 
processing of the starch component. This is convenient for control of pH 
but not essential for producing compositions within the scope of the 
invention. 
All percentages, parts, and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise 
specified. 
EXAMPLE I 
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3.8% Native Corn Starch. (Corn Products Corporation- 
3401). The starch is slurried under high shear, 
the temperature raised to 170.degree. F. and held for 
10 minutes; heat is removed and the slurry 
exposed to 0.05% NaOH for 2 minutes; after which 
the slurry is returned to pH 7.5 by addition of 
an appropriate amount of HCl. To this is added: 
18.5% Sodium C.sub.12 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 
(NaLAS) 
0.07% NaCl (resultant from processing step). 
5.0% Sodium Carbonate 
3.5% Ethanol 
Balance 
H.sub.2 O 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage. 
The sodium C.sub.12 alkyl benzene sulfonate is replaced respectively by the 
condensation product of C.sub.14-15 alcohol and 7 moles of ethylene oxide, 
3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate and sodium 
3-(dodecylamino) propionate. Substantially similar stability 
characteristics are obtained. 
To the above compositions 2% of a montmorillonite clay and 0.5% 
ditallowalkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride are added replacing an equivalent 
amount of water. Product stability is not adversely affected to any 
substantial degree. 
EXAMPLE II 
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4.25% Corn Starch - Acid Modified - Pregelatinized 
[Corn Products Company CPC-B511] 
AMIDEX B511 
Prepared by slurrying under high sheer, 
exposing to 0.2% NaOH for two minutes, then 
returning to neutrality by addition of the 
proper amount of HCl. The following components 
are then added: 
0.29% NaCl (reaction product) 
18.5% Sodium C.sub.12 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 
[NaLAS] 
1.5% Ethanol 
Balance 
H.sub.2 O 
pH = 7.1 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage. 
EXAMPLE III 
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4.25% Quellin [Ester modified starch - Supplier 
KSH Chemicals Group] 
Prepared by slurrying starch, adding 1.0% 
NaOH raising temperature of slurry to 200.degree. F. 
and maintaining for 20 minutes; at which time 
the slurry pH is returned to pH 7.5 by adding 
an appropriate amount of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to neutralize any 
excess caustic. To this is added: 
1.5% Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 (reaction product) 
12.5% Mg C.sub.12 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate [Mg(LAS).sub.2 ] 
2.0% Ethanol 
2.5% Potassium toluene sulfonate (KTS) 
Balance 
H.sub.2 O 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage. 
EXAMPLE IV 
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6.0% KOFILM 50 [ester modified starch - National 
Starch and Chemical] 
Prepared by slurrying, raising heat to 190.degree. F. 
and agitating for 25 minutes. At this point 
0.75% KOH is added. After 3 minutes exposure 
an appropriate amount of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 is added to bring 
about a pH of 7.0. To this is added: 
1.35% Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4 (reaction product) 
12.0% Neodol 45-7 [C.sub.14-15 average alcohol ethoxylated 
to an average of seven ethoxylate groups] 
4.0% Sodium bicarbonate 
1.5% Ethanol 
Balance 
Water 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage. 
EXAMPLE V 
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6.0% Thin boiling native Corn Starch [Corn Products 
Company - 6448] Prepared by slurring, heating 
to 180.degree. F. for 10 minutes at which time 10.25% of 
a silicate solution is added. 
10.75% Na.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 :H.sub.2 O 
1.0% Na.sub.2 O 
3.0% SiO.sub.2 
6.75% H.sub.2 O 
After cooling the following ingredients are added: 
14.0% NaLAS of Example I 
4.0% Neodol 23-6.5 [C.sub.12 -C.sub.13 linear alcohols ethoxylated 
to an average of 6.5 EO groups] 
3.0% Sodium xylene sulfonate 
2.0% Ethanol 
Balance 
Water 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage. 
EXAMPLE VI 
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3.5% Staramic 747 - Pregelled corn starch 
[A. E. Staley] 
Simultaneously slurried and exposed to 0.5% 
NaOH for five minutes, at which point excess 
alkali is neutralized by adding the appropriate 
amount of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 resulting in 
0.75% Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4. To this is added: 
17.0% Triethanolamine neutralized, linear alkyl (C.sub.12) 
benzene sulfonate 
2.0% Potassium carbonate 
Balance 
Water 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage. 
EXAMPLE VII 
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3.5% Native Corn Starch [CPC 3005] 
Prepared by adding 3.0% K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 to a slurry 
of starch and water. Heat is applied to 
raise temperature to 175.degree. F. and maintained 
for 15 minutes. To this is added: 
18.5% NaLAS of Example I 
3.0% K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 
0.75% Ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride 
3.5% Ethanol 
Balance Water 
______________________________________ 
The resultant composition was stable and did not gel or separate during 
storage.