Mounting an optical moisture sensor on a windshield using a vacuum chamber device

A device to facilitate the mounting of an optical sensor on a windshield glass using a clear adhesive tape is disclosed. The device holds the sensor, with tape exposed, in a vacuum chamber which is sealed against the glass. The chamber is evacuated, and the sensor is then pressed against the glass by the longitudinal movement of a drive shaft. The sensor may be installed with consistent force and with no trapped air pockets or air bubbles. Air pockets are a special concern because air pockets adversely effect the optical performance of the sensor. The vacuum chamber device may be controlled by a computer, and features a latching mechanism which prevents the sensor from making contact with the glass until the chamber is evacuated.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates generally to a device for mounting an optical 
moisture sensor upon the interior surface of a windshield, and more 
particularly, to a mounting device which installs the optical moisture 
sensor in a vacuum to eliminate air pockets when tape mounting the sensor 
to the surface of the windshield. 
2. Summary of Related Art 
Motor vehicles have long been equipped with motor-driven windshield wipers 
for clearing moisture from the external surface of the windshield, at 
least within the driver's field of vision, and generally over a larger 
area so as to enhance vision through the windshield. In most vehicles 
today, the windshield wiper system includes multi-position or variable 
speed switches which allow the driver to select a wide, if not an 
infinitely variable, range of speeds to suit conditions. Wiper controls 
are manually operated and typically include a delay feature whereby the 
wipers operate intermittently at selected time delay intervals. 
Wiper control systems have recently been developed which include a moisture 
sensor mounted on the windshield to automatically activate the motor when 
moisture is deposited upon the surface of the windshield or other vehicle 
window upon which a wiper may be employed, such as the rear window. 
McCumber et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,141) disclose an automatic control 
circuit for triggering a sweep of the wiper blades in response to the 
presence of water droplets on the exterior surface of a windshield. A 
block-like sensor housing is mounted upon the interior surface of the 
windshield. The construction of the sensor and its associated circuitry 
are fully described in the patent, and the disclosure is incorporated 
herein by reference. 
A number of the sensing or detecting units for automatic wiper activation 
operate upon the principle of a light beam being diffused or deflected 
from its normal path by the presence of moisture on the exterior surface 
of the windshield. The systems which employ optical sensors have the 
singular advantage that the means of sensing (i.e. disturbances in an 
optical path) is directly related to the phenomena observed by the driver 
(i.e., disturbances in the optical path that affords the driver vision). 
The rain sensor systems for controlling the windshield wipers of a vehicle 
as disclosed by McCumber et al. and Teder (U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,877) 
include a box-like housing mounted upon the interior surface of the 
windshield. The presence of moisture on the surface of the windshield 
affects the reflection of light at the air-glass interface, and this 
change in reflected light is electronically processed and utilized as the 
signal for activating the windshield wipers. 
In order for the system to operate properly the sensor housing must remain 
in a fixed position relative to the windshield surface, and the light 
pipes or rods must be optically coupled to the windshield so as to prevent 
spurious reflection of light from the interior surface of the windshield 
as would be caused, for example, by moisture condensation or dust 
accumulation on the surface. In other words, the sensor housing should 
securely engage the windshield and be optically coupled to the windshield 
so as to effectively eliminate the interface between the light pipes or 
rods and glass surface from an optical standpoint. 
Vehicle manufacturers and windshield replacement retail outlets offer the 
moisture-sensing control system as an optional feature. Instead of having 
the moisture sensor system installed when the windshield is produced by a 
glass manufacturer, which would require a separate inventory for 
windshields with moisture sensors, the vehicle manufacturers and 
windshield retail outlets require a means for selectively installing the 
sensor system at their own facility. 
Two main problems occur in connection with the selective installation of 
the moisture sensor system. The first problem involves the electrical 
interface of the moisture sensor system with existing vehicle electrical 
windshield wiper systems. An electrical system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. 
No. 5,239,244 to Teder which solves the electrical interface requirement. 
The control system facilitates the integration of a windshield 
moisture-sensitive wiper control system into an existing pulse-wipe 
windshield-wiper system control which utilizes the same wiring harness and 
is compatible with the existing system. From an electrical standpoint, the 
moisture sensor control system may be selectively installed on a 
windshield by the motor vehicle manufacturer or by the replacement 
windshield outlet with no adverse impact. 
The second problem is mounting the sensor housing on the interior surface 
of the windshield to maintain the optical integrity of the moisture 
sensing system. U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,640 to Purvis et al. describes an 
intermediate adhesive interlayer for affixing the sensor housing to the 
windshield. The sensor housing is affixed directly to the surface of the 
windshield or other vehicle window by means of an intermediate interlayer 
disposed between the sensor housing and the interior surface of the 
windshield. The intermediate interlayer preferably comprises a 
double-faced adhesive body which adheres to both the interior surface of 
the window and the opposed surface of the sensor housing. The light pipes 
or rods of the sensor unit are optically coupled to the interlayer and the 
interlayer, in turn, is of such transparency as to adequately optically 
couple the light pipes or rods directly to the windshield or other window 
unit. 
An additional problem area has developed in using the adhesive interlayer 
to secure the sensor housing. When the smooth surface of the adhesive 
interlayer is pressed against the flat surface of the windshield glass, 
air may be trapped between the adhesive layer and the glass to form an 
undesirable air pocket or air bubble. Pervis et al. describe optical 
interface regions that are less prone to the formation of air bubbles than 
prior art, but the techniques disclosed do not eliminate the problem 
entirely. 
The vacuum-assisted device of the present invention provides a significant 
improvement in reducing the air pockets. Air bubbles in the adhesive layer 
are undesirable because they degrade the optical performance of the 
moisture sensor control system. Further, air bubbles tend to push the 
optical sensor away from the glass, compromising mechanical performance 
and prohibiting good tape contact. Finally, the inconsistent and irregular 
nature of air bubbles make them appear unsightly to an observer examining 
the outside surface of the windshield. 
The problem of air bubble formation in the adhesive interlayer can be 
somewhat alleviated by increasing the force by which the sensor is pressed 
against the glass. However, the tendency of the adhesive interlayer to 
trap air cannot be eliminated entirely. In addition, adhesives are 
difficult to apply in an automotive assembly plant where the windshields 
are installed. 
Another method for alleviating air bubble formation in the adhesive 
interlayer is matching the optical interface surface of the moisture 
sensor to the curvature of the windshield glass. However, this technique 
does not eliminate trapped air entirely. Matching the curvature of the 
sensor housing to the curvature of the windshield requires precise 
tolerances on the surface of the sensor housing, which would increase the 
cost of the device. In addition, the shape of the sensor housing would 
have to be designed for a single window configuration, which necessitates 
a different design for each windshield configuration. Consequently, it 
would be highly desirable to devise a means of sensor attachment which did 
not require great precision for mounting the sensor housing on the 
windshield. 
In addition to air pockets, further problems may be caused by the use of 
excessive force in order achieve good contact of the adhesive interlayer. 
The moisture sensor housing must be pressed against the windshield with 
considerable force to ensure that the adhesive interlayer contacts over 
the entire surface and flows enough to accommodate imperfections. The need 
to apply this force leads to potential problems of fatigue and consistency 
in the production operations for the preparation and installation of the 
windshield with moisture sensor. 
In addition, a force applied by hand, or with any device which may be 
temporarily attached to the frame of the vehicle, places an outward force 
on the windshield. This may damage the windshield during the installation 
process. 
The moisture sensor control systems with optical sensors require that an 
interface region be optically coupled to the windshield glass. Other 
systems, such as described by Larson in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,867 do not use 
the adhesive as an optical coupling agent and thus to not require good 
optical performance from the adhesive. Such systems still, however, are 
rendered less aesthetically pleasing by the presence of air bubbles in the 
adhesion of the sensor to the glass. 
One means for avoiding the air bubbles and other mounting difficulties in 
mounting the sensor housing is to attach the moisture sensor housing to a 
bracket which is permanently installed on the windshield. Such a system is 
described by O'Farrel in U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,844. The mounting bracket is 
typically installed under great heat and pressure at the windshield 
manufacturers, in a process similar to that of installing brackets to 
secure rear-view mirrors. This technique, however, requires a separate 
inventory for windshields with brackets for securing a rain sensor. The 
carrying costs for the additional inventory can be significant. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a device for 
mounting the moisture sensor housing on the internal surface of a 
windshield. The prior art for optical sensors does not disclose or suggest 
a device for securing the sensor housing to the windshield glass with the 
use of adhesive tape. A central feature of the present invention is a 
chamber which permits the moisture sensor housing to be mounted under 
vacuum conditions in order to eliminate air bubbles. 
Immediately prior to, or during the installation of the windshield into a 
vehicle at a vehicle assembly plant, the vacuum-assisted mounting device 
of the present invention may be used to secure a moisture sensor housing 
to the interior surface of the windshield. After the sensor housing is 
secured to the windshield, the installation of the windshield into a 
vehicle and the connection of the electrical control system may be 
completed. 
The device of the present invention includes a vacuum chamber which defines 
a cavity for temporarily securing the moisture sensor. A planar holder is 
positioned in the cavity of the vacuum chamber for receiving and 
temporarily securing the moisture sensor. The sensor is inserted into the 
cavity through an aperture in the vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber 
includes a valve for controlling the evacuation of the cavity. 
To commence the installation process, the aperture of the vacuum chamber is 
positioned against the internal surface of the windshield. The edge of the 
open side includes a seal to engage the surface of the windshield. The 
windshield is slightly curved, but there is enough flexibility in the seal 
to sealably engage the surface of the windshield. 
The mounting device with moisture sensor is positioned to engage the 
windshield in the desired location for installation of the sensor. A 
computer system is used to sequence and control the valve for the vacuum 
chamber in the mounting device of the present invention. The valve 
includes an output port extending into the cavity of said vacuum chamber 
and two input ports, a first input port connected to a vacuum source and a 
second input port open to atmospheric pressure. After the vacuum chamber 
is properly positioned against the windshield, the interior of the chamber 
becomes operatively connected to the vacuum source. 
The air inside the chamber is evacuated by the vacuum source, and a 
pressure sensor imparts the information of this condition to a control 
computer. Once the desired vacuum is reached, the computer signals a 
solenoid operated latching mechanism to release a drive shaft which forces 
an adhesive layer on the sensor into the windshield. The pressure 
differential between one end of the shaft in the vacuum chamber and the 
external end of the shaft drives the shaft into the vacuum chamber with a 
force proportional to the surface area of the shaft. Within the limit of 
the consistency of atmospheric pressure, the force imparted to the shaft 
is consistent during the installation of the moisture sensor housing. 
When the latching mechanism is released, the shaft presses the sensor 
housing mounted on the holder against the windshield glass. Because there 
is essentially no air in the vacuum chamber at the time the sensor housing 
and adhesive interlayer is pressed against the windshield, it is 
impossible for air bubbles to form at the optical interface. Thus the 
entire adhesive interlayer is free from air bubbles. 
While the sensor housing is still engaging the inner surface of the 
windshield glass, the computer sends control signals to the sensor housing 
through the electrical wire harness connected to the actual sensors in the 
sensor housing. The computer verifies the optical integrity of the 
moisture sensor optical connection. Further, the computer performs a 
diagnostic test of sensor interface. 
The computer will execute a delay routine while the shaft continues to 
press the sensor housing against the windshield glass. This step 
effectively seals the adhesive interlayer to the windshield and eliminates 
air bubbles. After an appropriate delay time, the computer signals the 
vacuum-source valve to open the release valve. Once the valve is open, the 
pressure chamber is open to atmospheric pressure. The device of the 
present invention, including the shaft and holder, may then be easily 
removed from the surface of the windshield. 
Although this invention is primarily intended for application of a moisture 
sensor mounted with adhesive tape, it is contemplated that the advantages 
of the device would lend themselves to a moisture sensor mounted with glue 
or other adhesives. To use the device in such a fashion, a layer of glue 
would first be applied to the optical interface region of the moisture 
sensor housing using a squeegee. The sensor housing would then be 
installed as described above for the adhesive interlayer. 
In addition to a computer controlled solenoid valve, the force to drive the 
shaft to secure the sensor housing may be provided by other mechanical 
means or manually by an operator installing the sensor housing on the 
windshield. A speed/pressure control circuit can be added to prevent the 
shaft from pressing the sensor housing against the glass with excessive 
velocity or force. 
An object of the present invention is to provide a device for installing an 
optical moisture sensor to the inner surface of a windshield utilizing an 
adhesive interlayer. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device and method 
for eliminating trapped air between the adhesive tape and the windshield 
glass, thereby improving the optical performance of the system, the 
appearance of the system, the ability of the tape to contact the 
windshield, and the mechanical integrity of the adhesive bond. 
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a device and 
method of applying a moisture sensing housing to a windshield with a 
controlled force to minimize any outward force on the windshield. 
A further object of the invention is to provide a device method with a 
controller for such that the device may be positioned at a work station on 
the assembly line for selective, automated installation of the moisture 
sensor housing. By automating the process, repeatable results are 
obtainable for positioning sensor housings on windshields in vehicle 
production operations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown generally at 10 a portion of an 
automobile, including a hood 12, side posts 14 and a roof 16 defining an 
opening within which a windshield 18 is mounted. Windshield wiper blades 
20, shown in their at-rest position along the lower edges of the 
windshield, are operable in a conventional manner to swing in arcs 22 and 
sweep accumulated moisture from the surface of the windshield. There is 
mounted on the interior surface of the windshield within the area swept by 
the wipers a sensing unit, identified generally at 24, for sensing the 
presence of moisture on the opposite or external surface of the windshield 
and initiating operation of the windshield wipers. A mirror mount 26 is 
shown immediately above the sensing unit 24. 
The rain sensor unit 24 includes a housing block 28 of an opaque material 
which is compatible with and will adhere to the adhesive interlayer 30. 
The housing block 28 may, for example, be of metal or a suitable rigid 
plastic material. The windshield 18 is generally relatively flat in the 
area where the block 28 is to be mounted, so that the optical interface 
surface 32 may be planar. However, it is contemplated that the surface 32 
may be correspondingly contoured to match a curved windshield surface 
where appropriate. 
A pair of spaced bores 34 extend through the block 28 at an angle 
preferably on the order of 45.degree. to the base surface 32. Light pipes 
36 are positioned within the bores 34, with their lower or distal ends 38 
configured and positioned so as to be co-planar with the base surface 32 
of the block 28. Light emitting diodes 40 are fitted into the bores 34. A 
second set of spaced bores 42 (four illustrated) similarly extends through 
the block at an appropriate angle generally about 45.degree. to the base 
surface 32. Clear plastic rods or light pipes 44 are disposed within the 
bores 42, have lower or distal ends 46 configured and positioned so as to 
be co-planar with the base surface 32. Photo-transistors 48 are fitted 
into the bores 42 in communication with the light pipes 44. 
The bores 34 and 42 are formed so that their imaginary longitudinal axis, 
and thus the axis of the light pipes 36 and 44 therein, will intersect 
approximately at the opposite or external surface of the windshield 18 
when the sensing unit 24 is mounted in operative position upon the 
interior surface. The light emitting diodes 40 and the phototransistors 48 
are electrically connected to the control system circuitry in a 
conventional manner, the details of which do not form a part of the 
present invention. 
The moisture sensing unit 24 will normally be mounted upon a vehicle 
windshield in accordance with the invention, and thus for descriptive 
purposes it is illustrated and described herein as being affixed to a 
conventional laminated glass windshield 18. Such windshields comprise 
outboard and inboard sheets of glass 50 and 52, respectively, laminated to 
a plastic interlayer 54. Lamination of the sheets to the interlayer 
effectively eliminates their opposed interior surfaces from an optical 
standpoint. However, it will be readily appreciated that the sensing unit 
may as well be affixed to a monolithic glass sheet such as conventionally 
employed for automotive rear windows and side windows. In any event, to 
operate properly the sensing unit must be optically coupled to the 
interior surface of the windshield 18 or other window unit. 
An air gap or discontinuity between the ends of the light pipes 38, 46 and 
the opposed surface of the inboard sheet 52 presents major problems to the 
operation of the sensing unit 24. Such a gap would interfere with 
transmission of light through the light pipes to and from the windshield. 
Consequently, the block 28 must be mounted upon the windshield 18 with the 
ends 38 and 46 of the light pipes in direct contact with the clear 
adhesive interlayer 30 so as to optically couple the light pipes to the 
glass sheet 52. 
For purposes of understanding the invention of this application, the 
details of the operation of the sensing unit 24 need not be set forth. It 
should be noted that additional details concerning the operation of the 
sensing unit 24 and its interface with the controller, and additional 
information regarding the wiper control system and interface may be 
obtained from U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,620,141; 5,059,877; 5,239,244; and 
5,262,640. To the extent any such details may be necessary to complete the 
descriptions and accounts necessary for purposes of the present 
application, they are deemed to be incorporated by reference herein. 
The mounting device 56 of the present invention for mounting the sensing 
unit 24 on the windshield 18 is shown in FIGS. 3-5. The mounting device 56 
includes a vacuum chamber 58 having an aperture on one side of the vacuum 
chamber 58 to facilitate the insertion of the sensing unit 24 into cavity 
60. 
The sensing unit 24 is secured to a base 62 connected to one end of 
positioning shaft 64 by bolts 66. The base 62 is typically a rectangularly 
shaped base sized to match the size of the housing block 28 of the sensing 
unit 24. Spring clips 68 are mounted on the four sides of the base 62. The 
spring clips 68 engage the sides of the housing block 28 to temporarily 
secure the sensing unit 24 to the base 62. The sensing unit 24 is inserted 
through the aperture in the pressure chamber 58 until the block 28 engages 
the base 62 and is secured by the tension in the spring clips 68. 
Once the sensing unit 24 is secured to the base 62 in the vacuum chamber 
58, the adhesive layer 30 is prepared for engagement and the mounting 
device 56 is moved into position adjacent the windshield 18. 
The mounting device 56 may be positioned by manually holding the mounting 
device 56 in the desired position on the windshield 18 or by securing the 
mounting device 56 on a robotic arm or other standard assembly line 
positioning system (not shown). Handle grips (not shown) may also be 
secured to the vacuum chamber 58 to facilitate holding of the mounting 
device 56. For manual operation, a locator arm 72 is mounted on the vacuum 
chamber 58. The sensing unit 24 is typically mounted just below the rear 
view mirror so as to minimize any obstruction of the driver's view. The 
locator arm 72 is a fixture designed to engage the mirror mount 26 to 
locate the desired position for securing the sensing unit 24. 
A seal 70 is provided around the perimeter of the vacuum chamber 58 to 
sealingly engage the windshield 18. The seal 70 prevents pressure leakage 
and ensures that a vacuum is formed in the cavity 60 of vacuum chamber 58. 
The vacuum chamber 58 is provided with a port 74 for connection to the 
output port of control valve 76. The control valve 76 has two input ports. 
Port 78 is connected by flexible tubing 82 to a vacuum source 84, such as 
a vacuum pump. Port 80 is vented to the atmosphere. 
A pressure sensor 86 is mounted on the vacuum chamber 58 with a sensor to 
monitor the pressure in the cavity 60. The pressure sensor 86 transmits an 
electrical signal through lead 88 to the controller 90. The controller 90 
monitors the pressure within the cavity 60 of the vacuum chamber 58 during 
operation of the mounting device 56. Signals from the controller 90 are 
transmitted through control lead 92 for operation of the control valve 76. 
To install the sensing unit 24 on the windshield 18, the shaft 64 moves in 
a longitudinal direction which causes the adhesive interlayer 30 on the 
housing block 28 to sealing engage the windshield 18. FIGS. 3-4 show an 
embodiment which relies on the pressure differential between the cavity 60 
and the external atmospheric pressure to force the shaft 64 into the 
cavity 60 of the vacuum chamber 58. 
The shaft 64 extends through an aperture in the vacuum chamber 58 and is 
aligned for mounting of the sensing device 24 on the windshield 64. The 
external end 94 of shaft 64 may also be used to lift and position the 
mounting device 56. A seal 96 is provided to ensure a proper seal about 
the shaft aperture into the cavity 60. The shaft 64 is slidable in a 
longitudinal direction for moving the base 62 and the sensing unit 24. The 
shaft 64 includes a center recess 98, a shaft segment with a narrow 
diameter for use with a latching mechanism. 
A latching mechanism consists primarily of a sliding latch plate 104 and 
solenoid 100 which are used to maintain the shaft 24 in a latched position 
while the vacuum is produced inside cavity 60 of the pressure chamber 58. 
Once the vacuum is achieved and the sensing unit 24 is ready to be secured 
to the windshield 18, the latch plate 104 is move to an unlatched 
position, and the pressure differential between the external shaft end 94 
and the other end of shaft 64 inside the cavity 60 causes the shaft 64 to 
move in a longitudinal direction until adhesive interlayer 30 engages the 
windshield 18. 
The latching mechanism includes a solenoid 100 mounted on bracket 101. The 
solenoid output shaft end coupling 102 facilitates connection of the 
solenoid 100 to the sliding latch plate 104. The latch plate 104 is 
supported by brackets 105 connected to the vacuum chamber 58. The opposite 
end of the latch plate 104 is provided with a slot 108 for retention of 
support pin 110. 
The sliding latch plate 104 includes a center aperture 106 through which 
the shaft 64 extends. The center aperture 106 has a narrow diameter 
segment which fits about only the recess 98 of the shaft 64. When the 
latch plate 104 is positioned to one side so that the narrow diameter 
segment of the aperture 106 is engaged in recess 98 of the shaft 64, the 
latch plate 104 locks the shaft 64 in the latched position. When the 
solenoid 100 is energized to cause the latch plate 104 to shift laterally, 
the shaft 64 is positioned in a larger diameter segment of the aperture 
106 and the shaft 64 is free to move in a longitudinal direction. 
The solenoid 100 is controlled by the controller 90 through control lead 
99. One or more control push buttons 114 may be mounted on the mounting 
device 56 to signal the controller 90 for starting and stopping an 
operational cycle of the mounting device 56. 
In an vehicle assembly plant where sensing units 24 are installed on 
selected windshields, the mounting device 56 could be installed at a 
specific position in the windshield installation process. The manufacturer 
of the sensing units 24 will typically supply the units 24 with the 
adhesive interlayer 30 already applied to the housing block 28, the 
adhesive interlayer 30 being covered by a protective film material which 
is peeled away after the sensing unit 24 is mounted in the positioning 
device 56 and is ready for installation on a windshield 18. 
The adhesive interlayer 30 is typically formed by an adhesive tape which is 
applied to the optical interface region of the sensing unit 24. This is 
accomplished using a roller or other similar installation tool to insure 
that no air is trapped between the tape and the optical interface of the 
sensing unit 24. A protective film material prevents the exposed adhesive 
surface from sticking to any object during shipment from the sensing unit 
manufacturer to the vehicle assembly plant or retail windshield point of 
installation. 
The first step in using the mounting device 56 is to position the sensing 
unit 24 in the cavity 60 of the vacuum chamber 58 such that the spring 
clips 68 are engaging the housing block 28 of the sensing unit 24. Once 
the sensing unit is secured, the protective film material is removed from 
the adhesive interlayer 30. 
The mounting device 56 is then positioned at the desired mounting position 
on the windshield 18 such that the seal 70 is engaging the windshield 18. 
The locator 72 or other positioning system or fixture may be used in 
positioning the mounting device 56. 
Once the mounting device 56 is in position on the windshield 18, the 
control valve 76 is signaled by the controller 90 to connect the cavity 60 
to a vacuum source 84. The pressure sensor 114 monitors the pressure to 
signal when a vacuum is achieved in the cavity 60. Although a total vacuum 
may not be achieved, the cavity 60 is sufficiently sealed such that a 
satisfactory vacuum level can be achieved for elimination of air bubbles 
when installing the sensing unit 24. 
While the air is removed from the cavity 60 to form a vacuum, the shaft 64 
is retained by the latching plate 104 in the latched position. Once the 
desired level of vacuum is achieved, the controller 90 signals the 
solenoid 100 to move the latch plate 104 to the unlatched position. The 
pressure on the external end 94 of the shaft 64 causes the shaft 64 to 
move in a longitudinal direction until the adhesive interlayer 30 engages 
the windshield 18 to secure the sensing unit 24 to the windshield 18. 
Because there is no air in the cavity 60, the air bubbles which generally 
form between the adhesive interlayer 30 and the windshield 18 at the time 
of installation of the sensing unit 24 are eliminated. The elimination of 
air bubbles improves the performance of the sensing unit 24 to detect 
moisture on the windshield 18. 
The controller 90 will execute a delay routine while the shaft 64 continues 
to press the housing block 28 and the adhesive interlayer 30 against the 
windshield 18. This step effectively seals the adhesive interlayer 30 to 
the windshield 18 and eliminates air bubbles. If the pressure differential 
does not provide sufficient force to bond the adhesive interlayer 30 to 
the windshield 18, the external end 94 of the shaft 64 may be manually 
pushed to create additional bonding force. 
After an appropriate delay time such that the sensing unit 24 has been 
secured to the windshield 18, the controller 90 signals the control valve 
76 to vent the cavity 60 to atmosphere through port 80. The shaft 64 is 
manually pulled back to the latch position and the latching plate 104 is 
repositioned to latch the shaft 64. The mounting device 56 is removed from 
the windshield and positioned for insertion of the next sensing unit 24. 
The adhesive force of the interlayer 30 is sufficient such that the spring 
clips 68 slide off the housing block 28 during removal of the mounting 
device 56. 
After the sensing unit 24 is installed, the windshield 18 is ready for the 
next step in the vehicle assembly process. In addition to production use 
at a vehicle assembly operation, the mounting device 56 could also be used 
at retail outlets for replacement windshields. 
FIG. 6 shows modifications to the mounting device 56. One of the 
modifications which is especially desirable for use in vehicle production 
operations is a test circuit connected to controller 90. The connector 116 
is a standard feature formed in the housing block 28 of all sensing units 
24 for subsequent connection to the electrical wiper control system for 
controlling operation of the wipers 20. If the sensing unit 24 is 
defective or not properly installed, the wiper control system will not 
function properly. If problems with the sensing unit 24 are not discovered 
until later in the assembly process or during inspection, the vehicle 
cannot pass directly to the shipping department, but must be sent to the 
repair department for troubleshooting and installation of a new sensor. 
Such repair work adds considerable expense to the cost of manufacturing 
the vehicle. 
In order to improve the reliability and efficiency of the sensor 
installation process, it is desirable to test the sensor unit 24 at time 
of installation. The base 62 of the mounting device 56 may include an 
electrical plug 118 for connection with the connector 116. A testing lead 
120 connected to the plug 118 passes through the chamber at seal 122 and 
is connected to the controller 90. The controller can be programmed with a 
test circuit to test the sensing unit 24 at the time of installation. 
Problems are detected and remedied in a more efficient and cost effective 
manner. 
FIG. 6 also shows the insertion of a foam pad 124 on the plate 62. In many 
applications, one edge of the adhesive interlayer 30 will first come in 
contact the windshield 18. The foam pad 124 allows the sensing unit to 
alter the planar orientation of the adhesive interlayer 30 until it seats 
properly against the windshield 18. As pressure is applied to shaft 64, a 
rolling type action is achieved in applying the adhesive interlayer 30 to 
the windshield 18, which further eliminates void formation between the 
interlayer 30 and the windshield 18. 
The final modification concerns control of shaft 64. FIG. 6 shows a drive 
shaft coupling 126 formed on the external end of shaft 64 for connection 
to a drive unit controlled by the controller 90. The drive unit could be 
an electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic system. The plate 104 and solenoid 
100 may be eliminated from the mounting device 56, along with the recess 
98 in shaft 64. The drive unit retains the shaft 64 in place while a 
vacuum is obtained in cavity 60. The controller 90 signals the drive unit 
to move the shaft 64 at a controlled speed until the adhesive interlayer 
30 was seated properly against the windshield 18. The force driving the 
shaft 64 could be increased at a controlled rate until the desired 
pressure at the point of application is obtained. 
Although the inclusion of the drive unit generally increases the cost of 
the mounting unit 56, the performance improvements may be significant. The 
speed and force of the shaft 64 can be controlled with a high degree of 
accuracy. In certain cases, the adhesive interlayer 30 may require an 
application pressure of 100 pounds per square inch or greater, which 
generally necessitates the use of a separate drive unit. 
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present 
invention has been described in what is considered to represent its 
preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can 
be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described 
without departing from its spirit or scope.