Amusement apparatus

An amusement apparatus having a plurality of symbol displaying elements, such as rotatable reels, with some of said symbols on the display elements being "Win" symbols having potential score values and others being "Hold" symbols without score values and said display elements adapted to randomly index in a viewing area during a play cycle a combination of said symbols with or without other symbols or "Blanks" having no value, and control elements associated with the changeable symbol display elements which are adapted to modify the random indexing of the symbols by holding automatically in indexed position in the viewing area any "Win" symbols during the play cycle immediately following a play cycle in which the "Win" symbol and a "Hold" symbol have been simultaneously indexed in the viewing area of the apparatus so that a winning combination of symbols may be automatically built-up in a series of play cycles before all of the symbol display elements are again changed and randomly indexed.

The present invention relates generally to an amusement apparatus in which 
permutations and combinations are formed by changeable symbol-bearing 
means which are indexed in variously changed relative positions so as to 
display in a player viewing area different combinations of the symbols 
some of which have score award value. 
Generally, the amusement apparatus of the present invention comprises three 
or four symbol display means, such as rotatable symbol bearing reels, for 
presenting a plurality of changeable symbols within a viewing area with 
the symbols in side-by-side relationship to effect forming in a horizontal 
row a combination of symbols which have a predetermined play value. 
The means for providing the changeable symbols in the viewing area can 
comprise a plurality of electro-mechanical rotatable drums or 
electro-optical reels mounted in side-by-side relationship. The 
electro-optical reels or the more conventional mechanical rotatable drums 
having symbols on the periphery thereof are generally actuated by a player 
depressing a starting button or pulling a hand lever. At the end of a 
normal play cycle the sequential change of symbols is stopped or "indexed" 
at random by electronic, electrical or mechanical means with each reel or 
drum displaying a symbol in the player viewing area and together forming 
one or more horizontal rows with certain of the symbol combinations being 
winning combinations entitling the player to a score or reward. 
In one prior art amusement apparatus of the foregoing type (see U.S. Pat. 
No. 2,579,241) a player is given the option of actuating a "Hold" 
mechanism which will lock one or more of the indexed symbols having 
potential score value (i.e. a "Win" symbol) in a viewing area during the 
next play cycle with the object of forming a winning combination of the 
"Win" symbols or a combination having a higher score value. After the 
"Hold" mechanism is actuated in the aforementioned apparatus the player is 
allowed only one play before all of the reels are again allowed to rotate 
so that a random indexing of all the reels is effected and a new series of 
play, or game, must commence. The foregoing apparatus and method of play 
has not been particularly successful, however, because the player is 
required to make a judgment at the end of each play cycle and, if not 
successful, the player wll often become discouraged or lose confidence and 
stops playing. 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved 
amusement apparatus having means which permits automatically building-up a 
winning combination of symbols during a single game comprising a 
continuing series of play cycles without requiring the player to exercise 
any judgment during play of the apparatus. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved 
amusement apparatus of the foregoing type in which a winning combination 
can be built-up automatically during a game by a series of several plays 
before requiring an entirely new game and sequence of plays to commence. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an improved 
apparatus and method of operating and controlling an amusement apparatus 
of the foregoing type which stimulates and prolongs interest in the play 
of the apparatus. 
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved 
control circuit and means for operating an amusement apparatus of the type 
herein disclosed.

In accordance with the present invention, an amusement apparatus of the 
instant type is provided with means for automatically holding any "Win" 
symbols, such as a one, two or three gold bar symbol or other arbitrary 
symbols having a potential score value, in its "indexed" position during 
the next succeeding play cycle and on each following play cycle if, but 
only if, a "Hold" symbol has been simultaneously displayed in the viewing 
area on one of the other symbol display means in combination with the 
"Win" symbol in the immediately preceding play cycle. In this way the 
apparatus can automatically build-up a winning combination of symbols by a 
series of plays in which some of the symbols are held in indexed position. 
As depicted in FIG. 1, the amusement apparatus can comprise a set of four 
reels 10, 11, 12 and 13, all arranged to spin about a common axis on a 
shaft 14 removably seated on top of a chassis structure 15. All four 
reels, as well as the mechanism for spinning and indexing the same, can be 
substantially in the known form disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,579,241 to 
Nicolaus, and only so much of the said Nicolaus patent incorporated herein 
by reference is reproduced and described herein as is deemed necessary to 
provide an understanding of the purposes, construction, and mode of 
operation of the novel automatic hold feature and associated control and 
circuit means comprising the present invention. 
A reel-spinning or operating cycle of the device is initiated upon release 
of a master control and lockout means, as by the insertion of a coin in 
the apparatus and actuating the manual operating lever 17. The lever 17 
will activate the reel spinning system beginning with a counterclockwise 
motion of the gear sector 30 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) transmitting effort 
through gear sector 31 and rod means 32 to a cocking lever 33 floating on 
cross-shaft 22, the latter shaft being turned clockwise as the result of 
rocking of an associated trip lever 34 fixed on the shaft 22 and coupled 
to lever 33 by a trip-out cam 33A on lever 33 and abutting lever 34 until 
the shaft has turned far enough to cause the tail of the cam 33A to strike 
a tripping lug 35 on the chassis. 
During initial (clockwise) or cocking motion of trip lever 34 (toward the 
dotted-line position in FIG. 2) its spring 37 is tensioned, and when the 
coupling cam 33A is tripped out, lever 34 abruptly reverses and begins its 
return working counterclockwise stroke to turn the shaft 22, on which it 
is secured, independently of the cocking lever 33, the latter returning to 
its starting position slowly under restraint of the air dashpot 36. 
As a result of the aforesaid cocking and turning of shaft 22, the reel 
spinning systems is activated to cause a spinning lever 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D 
associated with each of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13, respectively, such as 
the lever 17D of reel 13 shown in FIG. 3, to project its upper end into 
one of the variable-depth selector slots 19 on each of the selector discs 
18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, each coaxially rotatable with an associated reel, 
which action turns the reel slightly by reason of the pitch of the slot so 
that when the lever 17D, for example, is rapidly withdrawn therefrom the 
reel 13 will be caused to spin rapidly. At the same time the corresponding 
selector or indexing lever means 42A, 42B, 42C, 42D also associated with 
the selector discs 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, respectively, such as the indexing 
lever means 42D in FIG. 3, is turned clockwise to withdraw its detecting 
finger 45D from the slot 19b of reel 13 in which it happens to be engaged 
at the moment in order that the reel may be free to spin. Each of the 
foregoing movements is a phase in the cocking operation before the trip 
lever 34 begins its return or working stroke. 
Each of the indexing lever means 42A, 42B, 42C, 42D normally will be 
momentarily held in the aforesaid withdrawn condition by a corresponding 
holding toggle lever system including toggle levers 20 and 21 (FIG. 3), 
which straighten out in substantial horizontal toggle alignment and are so 
held by a corresponding trigger lever 50 having a notched end which 
engages beneath the end 21A of the appertaining toggle lever 21 for this 
purpose. 
Meanwhile, as lever 34 trips out, the spinning lever 17D (FIG. 3) rocks 
reversely (clockwise) to disengage the slot 19a abruptly, and in doing so 
imparts a moderate spinning impetus to the disc 18D and associated reel 
13; and after a short delay the toggle trigger 50 will be rocked to break 
the holding toggle levers 20 and 21 and free the detecting finger means 
45D for entry into some one of the disc slots 19 to stop the disc (as at 
19b in FIG. 3) and thereby determine the resting or "indexed" position of 
the associated movable selector contact wiper 46D on the corresponding 
contact bank 47D. 
A delayed action of the toggle trigger means is achieved through the 
mechanism shown to reduced scale in FIG. 4 (depicting the opposite side of 
the chassis from that seen in FIG. 2), wherein the opposite end of the 
cocking shaft 22 is joined to a lever 24 connecting through a long timing 
system arm 25 to another lever 26 fastened on a timer shaft 27 to which is 
also affixed one of the timing gears 28 of a known type of timer unit 29 
operative to maintain the return or counterclockwie motion (as seen in 
FIG. 3) of shaft 27 at a slow rate in order to provide a short spinning 
interval for the reels 10, 11, 12, 13. 
As timer shaft 27 turns slowly, a coupling lever 38 (FIG. 3) affixed 
thereto (there being one of these levers 38 and associated elements for 
each reel) moves its offset coupling flange 38D ahead of the timing lever 
39, thereby permitting the latter and the associated drive bar 40 to move 
slowly back toward the right in FIG. 3 until the end of the long trigger 
slot 40D in FIG. 3 engages and moves a trip pin 52 on the trigger lever 50 
to break the toggle and permit the corresponding indexing lever means 42D 
to advance rapidly into a slot 19 in the associated selector disc 18D and 
stop the reel 13 at a position of rest as aforesaid. 
It is to be understood that each of the four reels 10, 11, 12, 13 has 
associated therewith a selector disc like 18D, as well as a corresponding 
indexing lever means like 42D, toggle levers 20, 21, trigger levers 50, 
etc., such as just described in connection with FIG. 3. It will be evident 
that by the simple device of having the respective long trigger slots 40D 
in the several timer drive bars 40 made in successively increasing length, 
the release of the four indexing lever means 42A, 42B, 42C, 42D, and 
therefore the resultant stoppage of the respective reels, is caused to 
occur in sequence from left to right, the reel 10 stopping first, and so 
on with the fourth reel 13 being the last to come to rest. It will be 
noted that each indexing lever means 42A, 42B, 42C, 42D actually consists 
of a lower lever part 43A and an upper lever part 43 on which is mounted 
the selector finger 45D (see FIG. 3) with an interposed spring means 44 
mounted on the supporting axle 41 to impositively couple lever 43A with 
upper lever part 43, permitting any one of the indexing lever means 42A, 
42B, 42C, 42D to remain in engagement with its coacting selector disc 18A, 
18B, 18C, 18D while others are disengaged. 
Referring to FIG. 1 and in accordance with the present invention, the 
indicia or symbols carried by each of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13, will be 
comprised of at least two types, one type consisting of "Win" symbols 
having potential score value and a second type consisting of "Hold" 
symbols without score value but which are important and unique to the 
operation of the present apparatus. The "Win" symbols are mounted at 
spaced intervals on the periphery of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13 and are 
shown in FIG. 1 as having the form of one, two and three short bars. 
Combinations of these "Win" symbols have predetermined score values. 
Interspersed between the "Win" symbols on the periphery of each of the 
reels 10, 11, 12, 13 are "Hold" symbols and blank spaces having no score 
value. The circumferential position of each of the symbols and the blank 
spaces about the periphery of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13 is coordinated with 
the positions of electrical "Hold" contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D, "Win" 
contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D, and "Blank" contact 85A, 85B, 85C, 85D in the 
contact banks 47A, 47B, 47C, 47D, respectively, associated with each of 
the reels 10, 11, 12, 13, respectively, as will be described hereinafter. 
The specific symbols used to designate a "Win" or a "Hold" may be of any 
desired character suitable to whatever amusement, game or functional 
purpose may be involved, and are preferably read or viewed horizontally at 
a particular position referred to as the viewing area or indexed position. 
Usually the entire apparatus will be housed in some form of cabinet (not 
shown) concealing the mechanisms but provided with a window or sight 
opening aligned with said indexed position and represented by the viewing 
area designated 67 and enclosed by dash-dot lines in FIG. 1. 
In accordance with the present invention electro-mechanic means are 
provided for automatically holding or locking in indexed position during a 
succeeding play cycle any of the reels 10, 11, 12 or 13 having a "Win" 
symbol in indexed position in the viewing area 67 when and only when one 
or more of the other reels has a "Hold" symbol simultaneously indexed in 
the viewing area 67 with the "Win" symbol. Thus, when the foregoing 
conditions are present, the appropriate circuitry to be described 
hereinafter will activate the holding solenoids or coils 54A, 54B, 54C, 
54D (see FIG. 5) associated with the reels 10, 11, 12, 13, respectively, 
which had the "Win" symbol indexed in the viewing area and the solenoid 
plungers 53A, 53B, 53C, 53D associated therewith will be moved from its 
normal non-holding position of FIG. 5 with the corresponding blocking 
lever 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D, respectively, disposed at one side of the 
indexing lever guide slots 68A, 68B, 68C, 68D, respectively, to shift the 
end portion of the blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D across the slots 
68A, 68B, 68C, 68D, respectively, so that the corresponding indexing lever 
means 42A, 42B, 42C, 42D, cannot be fully retracted into its slot and thus 
the end of the selector fingers 45A, 45B, 45C, 45D, cannot be moved out of 
indexing engagement with its selecting discs 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, 
respectively, thereby preventing the selecting discs 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D 
being spun during the next operation of the apparatus actuating or 
spinning levers 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D. In the event that any holding solenoid 
or coil 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D is energized, a holding control or supervisory 
switch 60 (FIG. 3) on the back of the machine will also be actuated by a 
shift rod 61 slidable crosswise of the machine. This rod 61 is normally 
mechanically shifted toward the left in FIG. 5 by a spring means so that 
pins 59A, 59B, 59C, 59D on the upper face of the rod 61 will bear against, 
and pivot blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D, respectively, and move the 
blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D into non-blocking position. 
In order to hold the blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D in blocking 
position after a brief energization of any of the coils 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D 
so as to avoid keeping these coils energized for extended periods, the 
associated latching levers 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D (FIG. 5) which are pivotally 
mounted are urged by associated springs to present their offset end 
portions 64A, 64B, 64C, 64D, respectively, behind and in the path of these 
offset end portions of the blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D, so that the 
latter cannot be returned to normal non-blocking position by rod 61 once 
their corresponding solenoids are energized, notwithstanding the effort of 
the normalizing spring means associated with the supervisory-switch 
operating bar 61. It will also be evident that each blocking lever 56A, 
56B, 56C, 56D when in non-blocking position prevents movement of the 
corresponding latching lever 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D, respectively, into 
latching position. 
Means for restoring any or all holding or blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 
56D and their associated latching levers 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D to normal 
non-blocking condition, includes the lateral slide or reset bar 58. The 
reset bar 58, as best shown in FIG. 5, is provided with studs 65 which 
project upwardly through the base plate adjacent the tails 66 of the latch 
levers 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D. Thus, when the reset bar 58 is shifted to the 
left in FIG. 5, the studs 65 will all bear against the latch tails 66 and 
pivot the latching levers 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D, so that all holding or 
blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D can be returned to their normal 
non-blocking position, as by associated spring means. 
Mechanical means are provided for automatically shifting the lateral 
restoring or reset bar 58 to the left toward the end of each operating 
cycle of the apparatus. Thus, as best illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the 
timing system arm 25 is movable toward the left and then back toward the 
right during each play cycle, and on the leftward motion of the arm 25 the 
leg 25A thereon is depressed and passes under the depending pin 59 on the 
end of the reset bar 58, because of the shape of the slot 25B. On the 
motion of reset bar 58 to the right, however, the camming surface of the 
lug 25A engages the depending pin 59 (best shown in FIG. 5) and cams the 
pin 59, and hence reset bar 58, toward the left in FIG. 5, thereby 
releasing all of the latching levers 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D and allowing the 
blocking levers 56A, 56B, 56C, 56D, respectively, to be moved by its 
normalizing spring to reset or non-blocking position. 
Electrical means are provided for actuating and controlling the mechanical 
means which provides the automatic hold feature of the present apparatus. 
Thus, the electrical contact banks 47A, 47B, 47C, 47D, in addition to 
having the usual contacts providing electrical connections for the score 
award circuits, contain two rows of electrical contacts which are unique 
to the present apparatus. In the fragmentary schematic electrical circuit 
diagram shown in FIG. 6, the two top rows of contacts in the contact banks 
47A, 47B, 47C, 47D contain the electrical contacts for implementing the 
automatic hold feature. These two upper rows of contacts are arranged in 
vertically disposed electrical pairs with some of the pairs being "Hold" 
contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D and others being "Win" contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 
75D. The two upper rows of contacts also have vertically disposable pairs 
of "Blank" contacts 85A, 85B, 85C, 85D, which are not connected to any 
electrical circuit. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 
70D and 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D are interspersed with the "Blank" or dead 
contacts along the length of the two upper rows. In FIG. 6 for 
simplification a single "Hold" contact 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D and three types 
or species of "Win" contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D are shown arranged in 
consecutive order. The sequence in which the contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D 
and 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D are actually arranged in the two upper rows of 
contacts in actual practice will correspond to the sequence in which the 
symbols appear on the reels 10, 11, 12, 13. 
The electro-mechanic means which utilize the aforesaid "Hold" and "Win" 
contacts in the contact banks 47A, 47B, 47C, 47D for automatically 
actuating the hold coils or solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D, include the 
selector contact wipers 46A, 46B, 46C, 46D carrying the contact bridging 
means 48A, 48B, 48C, 48D, respectively. The contact bridging means 48A, 
48B, 48C, 48D are adapted to electrically connect or "bridge" one of the 
vertically disposed pair of "Hold" contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D or one of 
the pairs of "Win" contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D, whenever a "Hold" or a 
"Win" contact is indexed in the viewing area, respectively. When neither a 
hold nor a "Win" contact is indexed on a particular reel (i.e., nothing 
but a blank appears in the viewing area), the contact bridging means 48A, 
48B, 48C, 48D will contact one of the pairs of "Blank" contacts 85A, 85B, 
85C, 85D which are not connected with any electrical circuit in the 
corresponding contact bank 47A, 47B, 47C, 47D. Since the radial depths of 
the notches 19 in the selector discs 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D of reels 10, 11, 
12, 13, respectively, are different, the selector contact wipers 46A, 46B, 
46C, 46D and thus the contact bridging means 48A, 48B, 48C, 48D will 
assume different angular positions relative to the contact banks 47A, 47B, 
47C, 47D depending on the indexed position of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13; 
thereby causing each of the contact bridging means 48A, 48B, 48C, 48D to 
engage different electrical contacts (i.e., either a "Hold" contact 70A, 
70B, 70C, 70D, a "Win" contact 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D or a "Blank" 
electrically dead contact 85A, 85B, 85C, 85D) in contact banks 47A, 47B, 
47C, 47D and set up different combinations of circuit connections, 
depending upon the angular position in which the respective reels 10, 11, 
12, 13 are indexed. 
The "Hold" contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D are arranged in contact banks 47A, 
47B, 47C, 47D so as to be electrically connected in series with the "Win" 
contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D, and the "Win" contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D are 
adapted to be connected electrically in series with the holding solenoids 
54A, 54B, 54C, 54D, respectively, whenever a "Win" symbol is 
simultaneously indexed with a "Hold" symbol in the viewing area 67 of the 
apparatus. Since the "Win" contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D are interposed in 
the electrical control circuit between the hold solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 
54D and "Hold" contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 70D, electric current will flow 
from the positive power source to energize one or more of the hold 
solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D only if at least one pair of the "Win" 
contacts 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D and one pair of "Hold" contacts 70A, 70B, 70C, 
70D are simultaneously "bridged". 
Referring to FIG. 6 of the drawing which illustrates a suitable scanning 
circuit; the normally closed holding coil pulsing main switch 80 is opened 
and the normally open pulsing switch 82 is closed as a result of the 
movement of the timing system arm 25 and pin 81 thereon to the left as 
viewed in FIG. 4, when the manual operating lever 17 is pulled to effect 
spinning of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13. The switches 80, 82 remain so 
disposed during most of the play cycle until all the reels 10, 11, 12, 13 
have completed their spin and have been indexed. Then, before the main 
game control switch 80 is closed ending the play cycle, all the holding 
solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D are automatically mechanically reset to the 
"non-hold" position by cam surface 25A on the timing arm 25 moving the 
reset bar 58 to the left during the return movement of the arm 25 and 
thereby releasing the hold coil latches 62A, 62B, 62C, 62D, as heretofore 
described. The further movement of the timing arm 25 and pin 81 thereon to 
the right will then effect closing of the pulsing circuit main switch 80 
and a brief pulsing current will pass through switch 80, through the 
previously closed switch 82, and through the circuit or circuits in 
contact banks 47A, 47B, 47C, 47D which have both a "Hold" contact 70A, 
70B, 70C, 70D and a "Win" contact 75A, 75B, 75C, 75D simultaneously 
"Bridged" to energize one or more of the holding solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 
54D. 
Once during each play cycle after each reel 10, 11, 12, 13 has been indexed 
and immediately after all the holding solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D have 
been reset to non-blocking position, each of the contact banks 47A, 47B, 
47C, 47D is automatically "scanned" in the foregoing manner to determine 
whether a "Win" symbol and a "Hold" symbol are both indexed in the viewing 
area 67 in order to effect immediately energizing or re-energizing one or 
more of the holding solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D and thereby hold one or 
more of the reels 10, 11, 12, 13 in their indexed position in the 
following play cycle. The circuits shown in FIG. 6 illustrate having a 
"Hold" symbol indexed on reel 10 and a two-bar "Win" symbol indexed on 
reel 13 so that reel 13 will be held in indexed position during the 
following play cycle. The reels 11 and 12 have been indexed in the play 
cycle just completed in the "Blank" no-Hold, no-Win position. 
After the scanning operation has been completed and one or more solenoids 
54A, 54B, 54C, 54D activated, the switch 82 is opened by the timing arm 25 
of the timing system at the end of the play cycle with switch 80 remaining 
closed. Switch 82 is held in open position until manual operating lever 17 
is again pulled to initiate another play cycle. When the switch 82 is 
closed at the beginning of the next play cycle by the movement of the 
operating lever 17, switch 80 is opened so that no current will be 
supplied to the hold scanning circuit until the timing arm 25 has 
substantially completed its return movement to the right, as herein 
described. Once electrically pulsed (i.e. moved into holding position), 
the holding solenoids 54A, 54B, 54C, 54D are mechanically latched and held 
in holding position until mechanically reset, as heretofore described. 
Thereafter and before the end of the play cycle the holding solenoids 54A, 
54B, 54C, 54D are again scanned and re-energized electrically in the above 
described manner, if the correct circuitry through the contact banks 47A, 
47B, 47C, 47D is present. 
An amusement apparatus disclosing a further embodiment of the present 
invention is shown in FIGS. 7-15 and comprises a console-type cabinet 10 
with preferably four mechanical reels 112, 113, 114, 115 disposed in 
spaced side-by-side relationship and rotatably mounted therein. Each of 
the reels 112, 113, 114, 115 has a plurality of symbols including at least 
one but preferably a plurality of "Win" symbols having potential score 
value and at least one but preferably a plurality of "Hold" symbols 
randomly arranged with each other and interspersed with blank spaces or 
other symbols having no score value. In the form illustrated the symbol 
arrangement consists of 14 equally spaced "Win", "Hold" and "No value" 
symbols formed on the peripheral surface of each reel and with one of the 
symbols on each of the reels adapted to being randomly displayed in a 
viewing area or window 119 formed in a front panel 111 of the cabinet 110. 
Each of the mechanical reels 112, 113, 114, 115 is mounted on a 
horizontally disposed axle 116 supported on a base plate 117 within the 
cabinet 110. An electric motor 120 is connected directly with the axle 116 
to effect rotation of the axle 116 and associated reels and sprocket 
wheels. 
The hub 118, 118a, 118b, 118c of each of the reels 112, 113, 114, 115, 
respectively, has fixedly secured thereto a ratchet or index wheel 122, 
123, 124, 125. Each of the index wheels 122, 123, 124, 125 has a friction 
disc 126, 126a, 126b, 126c secured to the outer lateral surface thereof. 
The reels 112, 113, 114, 115 and index wheels 122, 123, 124, 125 are 
adapted to be rotatable as a unit relative to the axle 116, but can be 
rotated with the axle 116 by means of the friction clutch elements 132, 
132a, 132b, 132c which are resiliently urged into contact with the 
friction disc 126, 126a, 126b, 126c, respectively, by a bushing 127, 127a, 
127b, 127c, respectively. A bushing 128, 128a, 128b, 128c is secured to 
the axle 116 and prevents the reels 112, 113, 114, 115, respectively, 
being moved longitudinally on the axle 116. 
A bridge wiper element 130, 130a, 130b, 130c is fixedly secured to the 
inner lateral surface of each of the reels 112, 113, 114, 115, 
respectively, and rotates with the respective reels. Each of the wiper 
elements 130, 130a, 130b, 130c has a pair of spaced electrically separated 
resilient wiper contacts 133, 134; 133a 134a; 133b, 134b; 133c, 134c; 
respectively, which are adapted to slidably and resiliently engage a fixed 
electrical contact plate 135, 135a, 135b, 135c having an outer row of 
spaced electrical contacts 137, 137a, 137b, 137c and an inner row of 
electrical contacts 138, 138a, 138b, 138c. Each of the contact plates 135, 
135a, 135b, 135c is affixed to the base plate 117 of the cabinet 110. 
Each of the indexing ratchet wheels 122, 123, 124, 125 has operatively 
associated therewith a random indexing means 140 (see FIG. 11), which 
comprises an index lever 141, pivotally mounted on a stationary support 
panel 142 which is affixed to the base plate 117 of the cabinet 110. The 
index lever 141 has an index pawl 143 mounted on the outer end thereof 
which is adapted to engage in one of the ratchet wheel recesses 145 
corresponding to one of the symbols in the reel 112 and thereby randomly 
index one of the said symbols in the viewing area 119 of the cabinet 110. 
The index lever 141 is actuated by an index release solenoid 148 having 
the outer end of the solenoid armature 149 connected with the index lever 
141. A spring member 150 normally holds the pawl 143 in engagement with 
the recess 145 of the ratchet wheel 122 and the ratchet wheel 122 is held 
in a fixed or indexed position until the index release solenoid 148 is 
activated. 
Each of the indexing or ratchet wheels 122, 123, 124, 125 also has 
operatively associated therewith a hold or locking means 155 (see FIG. 11) 
which is adapted to hold one or more of the reels 112, 113, 114, 115, 
respectively, in a fixed position during a play cycle while one or more of 
the other reels 112, 113, 114, 115 is rotated by the axle 116. The hold or 
locking means 155 comprises a locking lever 156 pivotally mounted between 
the ends thereof on a support panel 142 which is attached to the base 
plate 117. A locking pawl 157 is mounted on the outer end of the lever 156 
and the pawl 157 is adapted to engage in one of the recesses 145 in the 
periphery of the ratchet wheel 122. A hold or locking solenoid 158 and the 
armature 159 is operatively connected with the locking lever arm 156 and 
effects movement of the lever 156 and draws the pawl 157 into locking 
engagement with the ratchet wheel 122 when the solenoid 158 is activated. 
A master control mechanism 160 (see FIG. 12) is provided for operating the 
electric motor 120 and the several solenoids associated with the indexing 
means 140 and hold means 155 and comprises an axle 161 supported between 
spaced brackets 162, 163 mounted on the base plate 117. An electric motor 
164 is connected directly to axle 161 to effect rotating thereof. The axle 
161 has a plurality of essentially circular control unit cams 165, 166, 
167 fixedly secured to a hub member 168 mounted on the axle 161 with the 
hub member 168 being rotatably movable relative to the axle 161. The 
assembly of cams 165, 166, 167 can be rotated as a unit with the axle 161 
by means of a fraction clutch disc 169 secured to the lateral surface of 
the hub 168 being resiliently engaged by a friction clutch member 170 
which is pinned to the axle 161. A bushing 172 is in contact with the 
opposite end of the hub 168 and is pinned to the axle 161 to prevent 
longitudinal movement of the assembly of cams along the shaft 161. 
The control unit indexing cam 165 (see FIG. 13) has formed on the outer 
circumference thereof two oppositely disposed detents or recesses 173, 
173a spaced 180.degree. which are adapted to receive the outer end of an 
armature pawl 174 normally urged into seating engagement in one of the 
detents 173, 173a to prevent rotation of the control unit cams 165, 166, 
167. A control unit indexing coil 175 is operatively associated with the 
armature 174 to effect withdrawing the pawl from either of the detents 
173, 173a. 
The control cam 166 (see FIG. 14) has two diametrically oppositely disposed 
short flat cam surfaces 179, 179a extending along the periphery thereof 
and has operatively associated therewith a control unit master switch 177 
which has a resilient arm 178 adapted to contact the outer peripheral 
surface of the cam 166 and to effect closing of the switch 177 when the 
cam 166 is rotated from its normal rest position in either of the flat 
recessed cam surfaces 179 or 179a. 
The control cam 167 (see FIG. 13) is provided with two outwardly extending 
pulsing cam surfaces 180, 180a spaced 180.degree. on the outer periphery 
thereof and has operatively associated therewith a resilient switch 
actuating arm 181 which resiliently contacts the outer periphery of the 
cam 167 during the rotation thereof. The resilient arm 181 is adapted to 
pulse open the control leaf switches 185, 186 when the cam 167 is rotated. 
From FIG. 15 of the drawing showing the electrical control circuit for the 
apparatus of FIGS. 7-14, it will be evident that when a coin is inserted 
in the apparatus the coin switch 190 will be closed, momentarily 
energizing the coin relay coil 191 which will remain energized even after 
coin switch 190 is opened by current flowing through the normally closed 
control unit switch 186 and coil relay switch 187 which is closed when the 
coin relay coil 191 is initially energized. The coin relay coil 191 also 
closes coin relay switch 192 so that when the operating switch 195 is 
momentarily depressed by the operator the control unit index coil 175 is 
activated to withdraw the pawl 174 from detent 173 on the control unit cam 
165, and all the control unit cams 165, 166, 167 will then be rotated by 
control unit motor 164 through the friction clutch element 170. The cam 
166 will close switch 177, causing the indexing release coils 148, 148a, 
148b, 148c to be energized; thereby allowing each of the reels 112, 113, 
114, 115 to be rotated provided one or more of the said reels are not 
restrained by a hold means 155 which is operatively associated with each 
of the said reels. The reels 112, 113, 114, 115 will continue to be 
rotated until the control unit cams 165, 166, 167 have advanced 
approximately 180.degree., whereupon switch 177 will drop open, 
de-energize indexing release coils 148, 148a, 148b, 148c and allow the 
respective index lever 141 associated with each of the reels to engage 
ratchet wheel 122, 123, 124, 125, and randomly index the reels 112, 113, 
114, 115. Switch 186 will then be pulsed open by cam 167 to de-energize 
the coin relay coil 191 and open coil relay switch 187. Thereafter, the 
pawl 174 on the end of the index coil armature will drop into the detent 
173 on the index unit cam 165, thereby stopping the rotation of the 
control unit cams 165, 166, 167 and ending a cycle of operation which 
comprises the normal "play" of the apparatus. 
The operation of the "Hold" mechanism of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 7-14 
will be explained by assuming that the apparatus has just completed one 
cycle or "play" and that the reels have been randomly indexed so as to 
display a "Hold" symbol on reel 115 and a "Win" symbol on reel 112. The 
series of electrical contacts designated 137, which are mounted on each of 
the contact plates 135, 135a, 135b, 135c associated with reels 112, 113, 
114, 115, respectively, are so wired that when a "Hold" symbol on reel 115 
is indexed in the viewing area, the electrical contacts 013-014 on plate 
135c (which exemplifies the several "Hold" contacts on plate 135c) will be 
connected by the bridge wiper arm 133, and close the electrical circuit to 
the hold relay solenoid or coil 199. The hold relay coil 199 thus 
energized, will remain energized (even when reel 115 is rotated and 
contacts 013 and 014 no longer bridged) through the circuit comprising the 
normally closed unit control switch 185 and the hold relay switch 195a 
which was closed when hold relay coil 199 was initially energized by the 
bridging of contacts 013-014. The hold relay coil 199 remains closed until 
switch 185 is pulsed open by the cam surface 180 on the rotating cam 167 
shortly before the end of each play cycle. However, if a "Hold" symbol is 
again indexed on any one of the reels 113, 114, 115, the circuit to the 
hold relay coil 199 will again be closed by bridge wiper arm 133, in the 
herein described manner. Thus, even though control switches 185 and 186 
are pulsed open shortly before the end of each play cycle, the hold relay 
coil 199 again will be energized before the end of the play cycle, first 
by the bridging of contacts 013-014 and then by the circuit through switch 
185 and hold relay switch 195a. The hold relay coil 199 remains closed 
through most of the immediately following play cycle until after all the 
reels are indexed, at which time the cam 167 will have rotated 180 degrees 
and cam surface 180a will pulse open control switches 185 and 186 so that 
the hold relay coil 199 will be de-energized and remain de-energized 
unless a "Hold" symbol has again been indexed in the viewing area 119. 
The series of electrical contacts 138 on contact plate 135 which is 
associated with reel 112 is wired so that the contacts 103-104 which 
exemplifies the several "Win" contacts on plate 135 will be connected by 
bridge wiper 134 whenever a "Win" symbol on reel 112 is indexed in the 
viewing area. And, since the normally open hold relay switch 100 is 
adapted to be closed when the hold relay coil 199 is energized, it will be 
evident from FIG. 15 that when a "Win" symbol on reel 112 is also indexed 
in the viewing area 119 simultaneously with the indexing of a "Hold" 
symbol on reel 115, the hold coil 158 associated with reel 112 will be 
energized and lock reel 112 in its indexed position. Hold coil 158 will 
remain energized and will hold reel 112 in indexed position so long as the 
hold relay coil 199 is energized. Thus, when the coin switch 190 is again 
activated at the start of the next "play cycle", the reel 112 will remain 
locked in indexed position and will not rotate with the other reels 113, 
114, 115, since the contacts 103-104 are closed by the bridge wiper 134 
and the energized hold relay coil 199 holds relay switch 100 closed, 
thereby completing the circuit to the hold coil 158 associated with reel 
112. 
If at the end of the foregoing play cycle, a "Hold" symbol is again indexed 
in the viewing area 119, the reel 112 will again be held in indexed 
position during the following play cycle. If the reel 113, for example, is 
also indexed so as to show a "Win" symbol and reel 114 a "Hold" symbol at 
the end of the above described second play cycle, both reels 112 and 113 
will be held against rotation during the next play cycle by the hold 
mechanism in the above described manner. If no "Hold" symbol is indexed on 
any of the rotating reels 113, 114, 115 at the end of any play cycle, even 
though one to three "Win" symbols are displayed, the hold relay coil 199 
will be de-energized and remain de-energized as a result of switch 185 
being pulsed open by cam 167 and all four reels 112, 113, 114, 115 will be 
free to rotate during the following play cycle and a new sequence of play 
or "game" must commence. 
If desired, an electrical signal light can be placed in parallel with the 
hold coils 158, 158a, 158b, 158c to receive electric current only when one 
or more of the reels 112, 113, 114, 115 are being held in index position 
by the automatic hold mechanism in accordance with the present invention. 
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other means for 
effecting rotation of the symbol display elements of the apparatus during 
a play cycle or play period can be used in addition to the motor driven 
means disclosed in FIGS. 8-16. 
The term "electro-optical reel" is used herein to designate an 
electro-optical assembly which projects in sequence images of symbols on a 
self-contained translucent screen surface to simulate spinning reel action 
which gives the appearance of the rotation of a mechanical reel without 
requiring moving parts of any type. An "electro-optical reel" can be 
operated entirely by combinations of electronic elements as is well known 
in the electronic art and is within the scope of the present invention.