Quick release connectors

A two-part coupling has a first cylindrical member provided with an axially directed and radially open female socket, and a second cylindrical member provided with an axially extending male terminus conforming in shape to and being receivable in the socket through radial insertion therein. The first cylindrical member is further provided with means on its outer surface, manually operable to prevent radial dislodgement of the male member from the socket.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a quick connect/disconnect two part 
coupling for joining the ends of tensioning line members such as ropes, 
stays or the like. 
Couplings which are capable of being quickly connected and similarly 
disconnected are required for many functions, not the least of which 
includes their use in establishing tensioning lines for masts, stays, or 
other wire like members on board ships, boats or the like. In such uses, 
the coupling is subject not only to tensioning forces, but to compression, 
twisting and shear forces. These forces act simultaneously and sometime in 
random unpredictable ways on the coupling, so that the coupling must be 
extremely strong and secure as well as being easily manipulatable for 
connection or disconnection over and over. 
Amongst the objects of the present invention is that of providing a 
coupling which satisfies the foregoing requirement in a simple and 
economical manner as well as a coupling which is easy to use and 
manipulatable in both the connection and disconnection mode. 
These objects as well as other objects will be apparent from the following 
disclosure of the present invention. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
According to the present invention, a two part coupling is provided 
comprising a first cylindrical member having an axially directed, and 
radially open female receptacle, a second cylindrical member having an 
axially extending male terminus conforming in shape to and being 
receivable in the receptacle through radial insertion therein, the first 
cylindrical member being provided with means manually operable to prevent 
radial dislodgement of the male member from the receptacle. 
In particular, the two part coupling comprises a female element having a 
generally T-shaped receiving seat at one end and means for connecting the 
member to a line, rope, stay or the like at the other end and a male 
element having a generally T-shaped plug adapted to be received in the 
seat. The plug of the male element has a radialy enlarged head relative to 
a longitudinal extending body while the T-shaped seat has an enlarged 
transverse slot to receive the enlarged head, and a longitudinal opening 
to receive the longitudinally extending body of the male element. The 
female element is provided with means, movable to hold the male element 
within the seat and prevent its disengagement from the female element. 
Preferably the female element is formed, so that at the end opposite of the 
T-shape seat, it is a clevis which may be easily attached to a line, stay, 
wire or the like. On the other hand, the male element may also be in form 
of clevis but preferably has a terminus opposite the plug that connects by 
other standard means to the end of the stay, wire or the like. 
In one embodiment of the invention, the means for holding the plug of the 
male element in the T-shaped seat comprises a sleeve mounted about the 
female element so as to rotatably slide over and enclose the T-shaped 
seat. The sleeve is rotatable about the surface of the female element and 
is provided with an axial window opening which is coextensive with the 
T-shaped seat so that when rotated into one extreme position it will 
expose the seat, while when rotated to the opposing extreme position will 
cover the seat. To guide the sleeve between the two extreme positions the 
sleeve is slotted to provide a circumferentially disposed keyway into 
which a key pin, secured to the body of the female member, extends. The 
keyway slot is shaped to not only guide, but to act as a detent mechanism 
to hold the sleeve in the closed position. To effect this, detent action, 
the walls of the slot, forming the keyway are drawn inwardly in a taper to 
each other so that the keyway is enlarged to a greater extent at one end 
and narrows to provide an extremely tight force fit over which the pin 
must snap, into the extreme opposite end. Thus, the walls of the keyway 
slot form a cam detent which increases the pressure on the key pin and 
with a lateral squeezing action, locks the key pin into the extreme end 
position. 
In a second embodiment, the head of the plug of the male element is 
provided with a central bore extending inwardly from its frontal face, 
along the central axis. The female element is simultaneously formed with 
an axially extending chamber along its central axis into which a spring 
loaded plunger is mounted. The plunger is held and guided in the chamber 
by a radial pin extending through an axial keyway slot formed in the body 
of male member. The pin is held in a sleeve which is itself reciprocably 
slidable along the surface of the male member. Thus, on axial movement of 
the sleeve, the plunger is manually movable. The plunger is normally 
biased in outward position so that it extends into the T-shaped seat and 
must be withdrawn axially by inward manipulation of the sleeve to allow 
the T-shaped head of the male element to enter the seat. Once the entry is 
made and the sleeve is subsequently released, the spring pushes the 
plunger forward so that the plunger itself moves into the bore in the head 
of the male element thereby capturing the male element in the T-shaped 
seat of the female member. 
Full details of the present invention are set forth in the following 
description and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the coupling comprises a cylindrical female 
element 10, and a male element 12, each of which is adapted for connection 
in more or less conventional manner to the end of a rope, wire, line or 
stay. In the illustrated embodiment, the female element 10 is provided at 
one end 11 with a clevis 14 having a transverse shaft 16 secured therein 
and about which the end of the rope or wire (not shown) is twistedly 
secured. At the opposite end 13 of the female element 10 there is formed 
in axial cross-section, a generally T-shaped seat generally depicted by 
the numeral 18. The T-shaped seat 18, as seen more clearly in FIGS. 3 and 
5 comprises a longitudinal slot 20 concentric with the central axis, open 
at its outer end 22 and having at its inner end, a radially widened 
transverse circumferential slot 24. The slots 20 and 24 form an arcuate 
sector-shaped opening or entrance 26 lengthwise in the side of the element 
10 extending axially from end 13 to the base 27 to expose the T-shaped 
seat 18 to radial entry of the male element 12 in the direction of arrow A 
of FIG. 2. 
The male element 12, is formed generally as a plug 28 comprising an 
elongated cylindrical body 30 having at the rear end 32 means for 
attachment to a rope, wire, line or stay which is of any conventional form 
but which is, in the case illustrated, provided with a threaded and landed 
surface, and at its forward end with an enlarged disk like head 34. Thus, 
the plug 28 takes on a T-shaped form, which T-shape generally corresponds 
to that of the seat 18 in the female element 10. The dimensions of the 
T-shaped seat 18 as well as that of T-shaped plug 28 are selected so as to 
permit easy relative sliding movement of the plug 28, in the radial 
direction A into the T-shaped seat 18 so that the cylindrical body 30 of 
the plug 28 rests firmly but easily movable within the bore 20 of the seat 
18 while the head 34 of the plug 28 similarly rests within the 
circumferential slot 24 of the seat 18. 
To thereafter secure the plug 28 of the male element 12 within the T-shaped 
seat 18, the female element 10 is provided with an knurled outer sleeve 36 
which may be slid over the female element 10 from the axially open outer 
end 13. The sleeve 36 is provided with a radially inwardly directed 
shoulder 38 which defines an open slot 39 that is sufficiently large to 
loosely received the body 30 therein. The inner wall of shoulder 38 abuts 
against the end 13 of the female element 10 thereby defining the extent of 
its axial inward movement. The sleeve 36 is provided with an arcuate 
sector-shaped entrance opening or window 40 which conforms in length and 
in arcuate dimension substantially equal to the arcuate entranceway sector 
opening 26 of the T-shaped seat 18. 
Substantially midway between the base 27 of the seat 18 and the axially 
innermost edge 42 of the sleeve 36, the sleeve is provided with an keyway 
in the form of an arcuate through slot 43. The keyway slot 43 has an 
overall circumferential length (FIG. 7) slightly longer than that of the 
circumferential extent of either the open arcuate sector 26 of T-shaped 
seat 18 or that of the arcuate window 40 of the sleeve 36. A connecting 
key in the form of pin 44 is force fit into a diameter hole 37 in the body 
13 of the female element 10 to extend radially outward into the path of 
movement of the keyway slot 43. The sleeve 36 is formed with a hole 45 
permitting entry and removal of the connecting key pin 44 for the purposes 
of assembly and disassembly of the female element 10. 
As seen in FIG. 7, the slot 43 has opposed relatively spaced edge walls 46 
and 48 which are slightly tapered inwardly toward each other from one end 
50 to the other end 52. The taper is such that at a point along the 
convergence of the end walls 46 and 48 toward each other the key pin 44 
becomes slightly squeezed and frictionally binds between them so that 
relative freedom of movement becomes restricted. Just prior to the end 52 
of the slot 43 both walls 46 and 48 converge to points 54 and 56 thus 
forming a cam detent which restricts relative the movement of the sleeve 
to a degree where considerable manual force is required to pass the points 
54 and 56 arcuately beyond the pin 44. Once the sleeve rotates the points 
54 and 56 past the pin 44, the pin releasably locks the sleeve in its 
fixed position end 52. 
This form of keyway thus provides an "over-the center" snap-action which 
places the sleeve 36 in one of two extreme positions, i.e., open or 
closed, relative to the T-shaped seat 18. The exact shape of the slot 43 
is not critical and a slot having curved edges, or bowed edges or one 
camming edge and one straight edge an be employed. However, care must be 
taken to provide sufficient decrease in the width in the slot 43 so that 
increased pressure squeezing on the pin 44 is effected so that firm 
locking retention action in its final position i.e. closed position is 
accomplished. 
The coupling thus described, is extremely simple to form from cylindrical 
stock material. The female element 10 is made by conventional methods and 
does not require any complex manufacturing steps to form the open T-shaped 
seat 18 or to form the keyway slot 43 or to insert the key pin 44 therein, 
nor, does the surrounding sleeve 36 require complex machining for its fit 
about the body of the male member 12. In assembly, the keyway pin 44 is 
inserted through hole 45 in sleeve 36 within the receiving bore or hole 37 
in the body of the female element 10 after the sleeve is put on and 
thereby held in the female element 10. The male member 12 can be formed 
generally from cylindrical stock material and the T-shaped head machined 
or otherwise formed thereon in any suitable manner. 
In operation, the coupling is easily manipulated to radially insert the 
plug 28 of male element 12 into the T-shaped seat 18 of the female element 
10. This may be done either by holding the male element 12 or by holding 
the female element 10 or both. Once the male element 12 is placed in the 
T-shaped seat 18, the conformingly T-shaped plug 28 will resist axial 
removal therefrom even with the sleeve 36 remaining in the open position. 
Therefore, the sleeve 36 may be easily rotated in the direction of arrow B 
(FIG. 3) to turn the window 40 away from the seat 18 so that the adjacent 
solid closed wall of the sleeve 36 covers the open seat 18, as seen in 
FIG. 4. 
This ensures secure covering enclosure of the plug 28 in the seat 18. A 
simple relative twisting action of the sleeve 36 and the female element 10 
causes the sleeve 36 to assume its locked retention position wherein pin 
44 passes into the end 52 of the slot 43 so that it will not become 
accidentally displaced therefrom. Once the sleeve 36 is in its locked 
position, the coupling is capable of undergoing tension, compression, 
twisting, and shear forces without separation or dislodgement. On the 
other hand, a deliberate relative rotative reverse twisting action in the 
direction of arrow C (FIG. 4) of the sleeve and female element 10 will 
cause the slot 43 and pin 44 to move relative to each other to release 
them from their locked retention engagement. Full relative rotation will 
align the window 40 with the seat 18 to uncover the same and the plug 28 
and permit removal of the plug 28 from the seat and uncouple the male 
element 12 from the female element 10. 
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8-11, a male element 112 and a female 
element 110 are shown which are substantially identical in shape and form, 
to those shown in FIGS. 1-4. For convenience of description and 
understanding like elements will be identified with like tens numerals 
used in the first embodiment, but numbered in the 100 series. In this 
second embodiment the means by which they are interlocked is different. In 
this second embodiment, the male element 112 is provided with a bore 160 
extending for a length axially into its head 134, while the female element 
110 is provided with an internally arranged spring loaded plunger 162 
(FIG. 11), the end of which is adapted to enter into the axial bore 160 so 
as to positivfely hold the male element 112 firmly in place within the 
T-shaped seat 118. 
The construction of the plunger 162 is more clearly seen in FIG. 11. The 
female element 110 is formed with an elongated chamber 164 extending 
axially from the base 127 of T-shaped seat 118 inwardly toward its 
opposite clevis end 111. A compression spring 166 is mounted in the 
chamber 164 to bear against the inner end 168 of the plunger 162 and the 
bottom 170 of the chamber 164. A lengthwise slot 172 forming a keyway 
extends diametrically through the female element 110. A keypin 174 extends 
through the keyway slot 172 and is force fit internally in a hole 175 in 
the plunger 162 and radially outward to engage externally with a 
surrounding sleeve 176. 
The sleeve 176 is a simple cylinder slidable over the surface of the female 
element 110. Movement of the sleeve 176 axially in the direction of Arrow 
D (FIG. 11) causes the plunger 162 to move reciprocally under bias of the 
compression spring 166 between a forward position and to be displaced 
manually rearward against such bias. The sleeve 176 is knurled enabling 
its easy grasped maniuplation and movement of the plunger 162 against the 
bias of the spring 166, as shown by the broken lines of FIG. 9. 
The keyway slot 172 has a length such that the forward end 178 of the 
plunger 162 will normally extend outwardly into obstruction with the 
T-shaped seat 118. It is reduced in size so as to form a narrowed teat 180 
along its central axis which is adapted to enter into the small bore 160 
formed in the head 134 of the male member 112. Behind the teat 180, the 
forward end of the plunger forms a shoulder 182 which is adapted to engage 
against the frontal face 184 of the head 134 of the male member. In this 
way, the plunger 162 is normally biased to engage into the bore 160 as 
well as against the face 184 of the plug 128 of the male element 110 upon 
manual release of the sleeve 176. 
Although in this latter embodiment the T-shaped seat 118 and the plug 128 
of the male element 112 are not covered by the sleeve 176, firm and secure 
holding of the male and female coupling members together is accomplished 
by the insertion of the plunger 162 within the bore 160 of the head 134 of 
the male element 112. The action of the shoulder 182 against the frontal 
face 184 of head 134 of the male member 112, assures firm seating. 
In the embodiment of FIGS. 8-11 the surface of the female element 110 is 
reduced in diameter behind the T-shaped seat 118 so as to permit the 
sleeve to be mounted from the clevis end 111 over the female element. The 
reduction results in a circumferential shoulder 190 against which the 
forward movement of the sleeve 176, under action of compression spring 
166, is limited. This construction is not at all critical since the 
function of limiting the movement of the sleeve 176 is in effect taken 
over by the forward and rear ends of the axial keyway slot 172 through 
which the key pin 174 holding the plunger 62 passes. 
In general, the ease of which this latter embodiment can be constructed is 
similar to that of the former embodiment in that the female element need 
only be modified by forming the central bore and the axial slot for the 
keyway. Similar to the earlier embodiment the operation of this latter 
embodiment and its use is also of a simple nature requiring only the 
initial manipulation of the knurled sleeve to withdraw the plunger 162 
from the T-shaped seat 118 to permit the insertion of the male plug 128 
into the T-shaped seat. Once this is accomplished the sleeve 176 may be 
released and the plunger 162 will automatically engage under bias of the 
spring 166 with the plug 28 and hold it in the T-shaped seat 118. 
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the improved coupling permits 
quick attachment or detachment of ropes, lines, stays and the like. Since 
the device will be made of metal or plastic, it is suitable for use aboard 
boats, ships and the like. 
Since various modifications, changes and adaptations have been suggested 
herein and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is 
intended therefore that the present disclosure be taken as illustrative 
only and not limiting of the scope.