Handheld diabetes management device for obtaining three day blood glucose profile

A method is disclosed for managing a three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements that are provided by a user using a handheld diabetes management device. The method may involve configuring a database carried by the device to store a plurality of bG test values input by a user for each day of a three day test period. The bG test values are required to be provided by the user in accordance with a predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during each day of the three day test period. If two or more windows are open concurrently when a given bG test value is obtained, the system allows the user to select the appropriate time window that the given bG test value should be associated with. A processing subsystem of the device determines if at least a predetermined minimum plurality of the stored bG test values has been provided by the user during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows for each day of the three day test period and, if so, the processing subsystem accepts the bG test values provided by the user when compiling results for a three day bG profile.

FIELD

This disclosure relates to diabetes care medical devices used for diagnostics and therapy, and more particularly to a handheld diabetes management device that incorporates a three day blood glucose profile that can be run in an automated fashion on the device to automatically provide acceptance time windows at user-configured times and to record blood glucose test values that can be displayed to the user in a tabular or graphical format.

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus, often referred to as diabetes, is a chronic condition in which a person has elevated blood glucose levels that result from defects in the body's ability to produce and/or use insulin. There are three main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes usually strikes children and young adults, and may be autoimmune, genetic, and/or environmental. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90-95% of diabetes cases and is linked to obesity and physical inactivity. Gestational diabetes is a form of glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy and usually resolves spontaneously after delivery.

In 2009, according to the World Health Organization, at least 220 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes. In 2005, an estimated 1.1 million people died from diabetes. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and it is estimated that between 2005 and 2030, the number of deaths from diabetes will double. In the United States, nearly 24 million Americans have diabetes with an estimated 25 percent of seniors age 60 and older being affected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention forecast that 1 in 3 Americans born after 2000 will develop diabetes during their lifetime. The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse estimates that diabetes costs $132 billion in the United States alone every year. Without treatment, diabetes can lead to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, amputations, and death related to pneumonia and flu.

Management of diabetes is complex as the level of blood glucose entering the bloodstream is dynamic. Variation of insulin that controls the transport of glucose out of the bloodstream also complicates diabetes management. Blood glucose levels are sensitive to diet and exercise, but also can be affected by sleep, stress, smoking, travel, illness, menses, and other psychological and lifestyle factors unique to individual patients. The dynamic nature of blood glucose and insulin, and all other factors affecting blood glucose, often require a person with diabetes to understand ongoing patterns and forecast blood glucose levels (or at least understand the actions that raise or lower glucose in the body). Therefore, therapy in the form of insulin or oral medications, or both, can be timed to maintain blood glucose levels in an appropriate range.

Management of diabetes is often highly intrusive because of the need to consistently obtain reliable diagnostic information, follow prescribed therapy, and manage lifestyle on a daily basis. Daily diagnostic information, such as blood glucose, is typically obtained from a capillary blood sample with a lancing device and is then measured with a handheld blood glucose meter. Interstitial glucose levels may be obtained from a continuous glucose sensor worn on the body. Prescribed therapies may include insulin, oral medications, or both. Insulin can be delivered with a syringe, an insulin pen, an ambulatory infusion pump, or a combination of such devices. With insulin therapy, determining the amount of insulin to be injected can require forecasting meal composition of carbohydrates, fat and proteins along with effects of exercise or other physiologic states. The management of lifestyle factors such as body weight, diet, and exercise can significantly influence the type and effectiveness of a therapy.

Management of diabetes involves large amounts of diagnostic data and prescriptive data that are acquired from medical devices, personal healthcare devices, patient recorded information, healthcare professional tests results, prescribed medications and recorded information. Medical devices including self-monitoring bG meters, continuous glucose monitors, ambulatory insulin infusion pumps, diabetes analysis software, and diabetes device configuration software each of which generates or manages or both large amounts of diagnostic and prescriptive data. Personal healthcare devices include weight scales, pedometers and blood pressure cuffs. Patient recorded information includes information relating to meals, exercise and lifestyle as well as prescription and non-prescription medications. Healthcare professional biomarker data includes HbA1C, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose tolerance. Healthcare professional recorded information includes therapy and other information relating to the patient's treatment.

There is a need for a handheld patient device to aggregate, manipulate, manage, present, and communicate diagnostic data and prescriptive data from medical devices, personal healthcare devices, patient recorded information, biomarker information and recorded information in an efficient manner to improve the care and health of a person with diabetes, so the person with diabetes can lead a full life and reduce the risk of complications from diabetes.

It will also be appreciated that at the present time, patients with diabetes may be asked to periodically assess their daily glycemic control, for example by conducting a three day blood glucose (bG) test. This involves the patient checking his/her bG several times during consecutive twenty four hour periods and manually recording the data in a chart. Preferably, the three day bG test is done with the patient checking his/her bG levels at seven different times during the day: 1) pre-breakfast; 2) post-breakfast; 3) pre-lunch; 4) post-lunch; 5) pre-dinner; 6) post-dinner; and 7) bedtime. The results of each of the bG tests may be recorded manually by the patient. The bG tests need to be performed within the context for each of the above-described seven events (which may include a predetermined time window). As will be appreciated, this can be somewhat of a burdensome procedure for the patient. It is also important that the patient record all of the obtained bG information correctly on the three-day bG test chart. The information must be accurately and legibly recorded on the chart, typically using a writing implement such as a pencil or pen. Thus, while carrying out the three day bG profile the user is typically required to carry a pencil or pen with him or her as well as the bG testing supplies, which as will be appreciated may cause a degree of inconvenience to the user. Typically the user must carry, in a purse or pocket, the paper chart for recording the bG test values, which may also add some inconvenience to the user. Finally, it is important that the user not misplace or otherwise damage the paper chart while carrying out the test, lest important bG test information becomes unavailable or unreadable, thus requiring the test to be started over. Automating the three day bG profile through a handheld device that can be carried more easily on the person of a user would significantly reduce the possibility of a paper chart being lost, misplaced or otherwise damaged to the point where the data recorded thereon is unreadable.

SUMMARY

In one aspect the present disclosure relates to a method for managing three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements provided by a user on a handheld diabetes management device. The method can comprise configuring a database of the device to store a plurality of bG test values input by a user for each day of a three day test period, wherein bG test values are required to be provided by the user in accordance with a predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during each day of the three day test period. A processing subsystem of the device can be used to receive bG test values provided by the user and to store the bG test values in the database of the device. The method allows two or more acceptance time windows to be opened at the same time, and if a given bG test value is obtained during such a condition, then the user is allowed to select which one of the open acceptance time windows to associate the given bG test value with. The processing subsystem can be used to determine if at least a predetermined minimum plurality of the stored bG test values has been provided by the user during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows for each day of the three day test period. If so, the processing subsystem can accept the bG test values for the purpose of compiling results for a three day bG profile.

In another aspect the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory, computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is adapted to run on a processing subsystem of a handheld diabetes device for managing three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements input by a user to the device. The computer readable medium can comprise a database that stores a plurality of bG test values input to the device by a user for each day of a three day test period. The bG test values can be provided by the user in accordance with a predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during each day of the three day test period. The computer readable medium is adapted to determine if at least a predetermined minimum plurality of the stored bG test values has been accepted during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows for each day of the three day test period. If so, the accepted bG test values are used as test results for a three day bG profile. The computer readable medium is also able to determine if the first two days of the three day test period each have the minimum plurality of the stored bG test values obtained therefore, and that the third day does not, and then enables the test to continue on a successive fourth day following the third day in an attempt to successfully complete the three day test period.

In another aspect the present disclosure relates to a system for managing three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements provided by a user. The system can comprise a handheld diabetes management device. The device can include a database for storing bG values input to the device by a user for each day of a three day test period. The device can also include a processing subsystem in communication with the database. The processing system can be configured to perform several operations: to generate a plurality of acceptance time windows for a twenty four hour period; to analyze the bG test values stored in the database during each twenty four hour period for each day over a three day period; to determine whether each of the stored bG test values corresponds to a meal; to accept only the bG test values input by the user that correspond to a meal, and that have been input during specific ones of the plurality of acceptance time windows over the three day period; and to use the accepted bG values in generating information relating to test results for a three day bG profile. The system can also determine if a sufficient number of accepted bG test values has been obtained for each of the first and second days of the three day test, but the third day of the test did not, then allowing the user to attempt to complete the test by entering bG test values on a fourth day following the third day of the test. The handheld diabetes management device may further include a display that displays the results of the three day bG profile.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring toFIG. 1, there is shown a high level drawing of one embodiment of a handheld, portable blood glucose (bG) monitoring device10that may be used by a user in obtaining a three day bG profile. The device10can include a housing12that may contain one or more user actuatable unit control switches14(e.g., ON/OFF), a color (or black and white) touchscreen display16, and a port18into which a bG test strip20may be inserted. The display16may display user selectable options for allowing the user to access a software driven menu16aof a software module stored in the device10so that the user can make various selections while initiating, carrying out or concluding the 3 day bG profile. A menu selection16ballows the user to enter bolus information, while a selection16cenables the user to enter carbohydrate information for snacks or meals. A selection16dallows the user to enter information pertaining to events (e.g., meals, exercise, periods of stress, etc.) that may affect the user's bG measurement being read by the device10. Although the display16will be described herein as a color touchscreen display, it will be appreciated that any other suitable form of display may be incorporated (e.g., LED, LCD, etc.). If a touchscreen display is not used, the user control switches14may need to include specific buttons or controls by which the user is able to select various options and input markers needed to carry out the three day bG profile test. It will be appreciated that the above is a high level description of the device10, and in practice the device may include additional controls, input ports, output ports, etc., as may be desired to even further enhance the utility of the device10or its use with other components and devices (e.g., laptop computers, infusion pumps, etc.). Accordingly, the above description of the device10should not be taken as limiting its construction or features in any way.

Referring toFIG. 2, a high level block diagram of the device10is shown. The device10may include a suitable rechargeable battery21for powering all the electronic components of the device10. A processing subsystem22(e.g., a microprocessor based subsystem) receives information from a bG analyzer24. The bG analyzer24is located adjacent the port18of the housing12to permit the bG analyzer24to read the bG test strip20. The bG analyzer24amay include a code key24athat includes calibration for the bG test strip20being read. The processing subsystem22may also be in communication with a database26, which may form a relational database, which is used to store bG test values obtained from the bG analyzer24. The processing subsystem22may also be in contact with the display16, the user control panel14, and one or interfaces28for interfacing the device10to other external devices. The processing subsystem22may also be in communication with a memory30for storing various types of information (e.g., meal times) that are input by the user, as well as any other information requiring temporary or permanent storage. However, it will be appreciated that the database26and the memory30could be implemented in a single memory device (e.g., RAM) if desired, as indicated in phantom inFIG. 2. Finally the processing subsystem22may be in communication with an alarm generation subsystem32that may be used to generate an alarm consisting of audible signals, tactile signals (e.g., a vibration signal) or even possibly visual signals such as illuminated lights (e.g., LEDs) on the device10.

The device10may be used to implement a non-transitory machine readable code, for example a software module22a, that is run by the processing subsystem22. The processing subsystem22, working in connection with the software module22a, initiates and controls the operation of a three day bG profile test, and may present the collected bG test value data obtained during the test in various forms on the display16. The device10significantly enhances the convenience and ease to the user in carrying out a three day bG profile test, which hereinbefore has been required to be performed by the user by manually recording bG test information before and after meals on a paper chart with a suitable writing implement, such as a pen or pencil. By using the device10, the three day bG profile may be automated to eliminate the need for the user to use a paper chart to manually record the bG test data. Automating the operations required to construct a three day bG profile also enables a significant number of highly desirable features to be implemented, such as reminding the user at the appropriate times of the day of the need to obtain and enter bG test information, as well as to organize and segregate the bG test results so that only those bG tests that are obtained at predetermined times throughout a three day window, and marked accordingly by the user, are used in compiling and presenting the results of the test. The device10may reduce the likelihood that a user forgets to obtain a bG reading at a required time or does not obtain a required number of bG test values in a given day to enable successful completion of a valid three day bG profile test.

To set up a three day bG profile test the user may select this option by navigating through various menu items that are displayed and selected through the “Menu” control16aon touchscreen display16. The user may select a typical breakfast time, a typical lunch time, a typical dinner time, and a typical bed time, and input these times into the device10via the touchscreen display16. These times may be stored in the memory30or alternatively in the database26. The user may also input a snack “threshold” (e.g., carbohydrate threshold) using the touchscreen display16, which is also stored in the memory30(or possibly the database26), to distinguish snacks from meals. A bG test result that accompanies a carbohydrate entry that is below the set snack threshold is marked and stored by the processing subsystem22as a “snack” rather than as a “meal”. A carbohydrate entry above the set snack threshold may be marked by the device10as a meal. The touchscreen display16may also be used to allow the user to enter bG markers that designate whether an obtained bG test value is preprandial (i.e., pre-meal), postprandial (i.e., post-meal), or bedtime.

The software module22aprovides predetermined “acceptance” time windows of varying lengths during which bG test values must be entered by the user for the bG values to be included in the three day bG profile. In one embodiment the software module22aimplements acceptance time windows for user provided preprandial bG test values within two hours of the user typical breakfast, lunch and dinner meal times. The bedtime acceptance time window may be set to within two hours of the user typical bedtime. The postprandial acceptance time windows may be set to begin ninety minutes after each of the actual breakfast, lunch and dinner times. While the above described acceptance time windows may be varied through programming modifications to the software module22a, it is preferred that the user not be able to directly edit or alter the preprandial, bedtime and postprandial acceptance time windows during the course of an active three day profile test. Maintaining these predetermined acceptance time windows at the above described durations helps to ensure consistency for pattern recognition Identification, especially of postprandial excursions, should demonstrate lower glucose variability when the relative measurement time (e.g., 90 to 150 min) is enforced. Likewise, long-acting insulin is expected to be delivered at about the same time every day. Helping to support a more uniform basal insulin dosing time should reduce fasting blood glucose variability.

When the user inserts a bG test trip into the port18of the device10, the bG analyzer24reads the test strip and provides a bG test value and an associated time stamp to the processing subsystem22that identifies precisely when the bG test value was obtained. If only a single acceptance time window is open at this time, and the acceptance window is one relating to a preprandial, postprandial, or bedtime acceptance time window, then the bG test value qualifies for inclusion in the three day bG profile test and may be automatically stored in the database26by the processing subsystem22. If more than one acceptance time window is open at this time, the processing subsystem22will provide a query on the display16asking the user to specify the label for the bG value. The display16may show selection boxes for the specific preprandial, postprandial, or bedtime event that the user may select simply by touching the appropriate selection on the display16. This is a significant feature of the device10as it automatically detects the occurrence of two or more overlapping acceptance time windows and automatically provides the required message to the user to positively identify which type of event that the just-obtained bG test value is associated with. It will also be appreciated that it is a significant advantage of the device10that the user is able to select among overlapping time windows. This provides significant flexibility to the user in the event that the user has one or more meal times that may occasionally overlap. For example, if the user has a job that requires traveling between multiple locations and meetings before or after lunch, there may be times when the user needs to take an early lunch or a late lunch. Allowing the user to configure the device so that two acceptance windows (e.g., post-breakfast and pre-lunch) overlap slightly permits the user to accommodate those situations where the user needs to take an early or late meal because of her/his work schedule. Importantly, since the device10is able to recognize this situation, the user will automatically be alerted when two overlapping acceptance time windows happen to be open simultaneously, and the user provided with an opportunity to label a specific bG test value in accordance with its proper event.

Another important feature of the device10is that if the user obtains a bG test value outside of one of the predefined acceptance time windows (i.e., while no acceptance time window is open) or the user chooses to associate no label, then the device10will store the bG test value in the database26but will not include it in the three day bG profile results file(s). Thus, this bG test value will still be available to the user or a clinician in evaluating the user's bG history. But importantly the device10prevents the bG test value from being used to form a portion of the three day bG profile.

To assist the user in carrying out the three day bG profile, the device10may be configured by the user to provide reminders to carry out a bG test for each acceptance time window. The user can optionally be provided with the option to select one of at least three responses to a just-given reminder: “Accept”; “Dismiss”; and “Snooze”. It will be understood that the “Accept” and “Dismiss” options could be replaced by a single “OK” or “Close” option with subsequent behavior dependent on the successful completion of a bG test within an acceptance window. In any event, these optional selections may be provided on the display16with a check box that the user may select via a touch selection. An “Accept” selection may indicate to the device10the user's acknowledgement of the reminder and that the user intends to enter a bG test value within a predetermined number of minutes (e.g., within five minutes). The “Dismiss” selection may allow the user to immediately dismiss the reminder, and all potential follow up reminders, for that particular acceptance time window. The user selecting the “Snooze” option in response to a generated reminder may signal to the processing subsystem22to repeat the reminder if the user does not respond to the reminder. The reminder may be repeated within a predetermined time interval, for example within five minutes, for up to a maximum predetermined number of times (e.g., four times maximum), after which the reminder can be automatically dismissed by the processing subsystem22if the user has not responded to any of the generated reminders. If an acceptance time window closes before the maximum number of Snooze reminders are generated, then the Snooze reminders may be automatically discontinued by the processing subsystem22. If the Snooze reminder feature is incorporated in the device10, then it is preferred that Snooze reminders for postprandial acceptance time windows be shorter than those presented for preprandial acceptance time windows. For example, postprandial Snooze reminders may occur every five minutes until the acceptance window is no longer available. Preprandial Snooze reminders may be spaced apart longer, for example every fifteen minutes, until a predetermined maximum number (e.g., four) such reminders have been presented. If the user accepts a given Snooze reminder but then does not enter a bG test value before the next Snooze reminder is scheduled to occur, then the next Snooze reminder may automatically be provided by the processing subsystem22as long as the current acceptance time window is open. If the currently open acceptance time window closes before the user has labeled a bG test value that matches the reminder for the acceptance window, then any remaining scheduled reminders are automatically cancelled by the processing subsystem22.

If two acceptance time windows are open and overlapping one another, such as might be the case with a post-breakfast acceptance time window and a pre-lunch acceptance time window, and the user enters a bG test value which he/she has not marked with a specific label (i.e., either “Post-Breakfast” or “Pre-Lunch”), the processing subsystem22will prompt the user with a message on the display16to identify which one of the acceptance time windows the just-obtained bG test value is for. The user may then select on the touchscreen display16, a label to be applied to the just-obtained bG test value from the displayed selection options.

It is also preferred that for the duration of a three day bG profile, the postprandial reminders should take precedence over any pre-existing postprandial reminders that the user has previously programmed in the device10. After the three day bG profile has completed, any previously programmed postprandial bG time reminders may be reinstated by the processing subsystem22. Also, if a three day bG profile is currently underway, the processing subsystem22preferably prevents the user from initiating another three day bG profile. If the user has initiated a three day bG profile and then one or two days later a scheduled subsequent three day bG test comes due to begin, the processing subsystem22may notify the user with a message on the display16that the current test is about to be terminated and the new, scheduled three day bG profile will be beginning. The software module22amay include an option that enables the user to reschedule the scheduled three day bG test to a later date. The software module22aalso preferably notifies the user with a message on the touchscreen display16that when the 3 day bG profile has been successfully completed or has been terminated before completion.

The processing subsystem22and the software module22amay also provide reminders to the user of user set upcoming medical visits, as well as prompts to conduct/schedule a three day bG profile before the user's next medical visit with a health care professional. The processing subsystem22may show a reminder on the display16to remind the user within, for example, two weeks of the next scheduled medical visit to conduct a three day bG profile. The processing subsystem22may clear the reminder if the user completes a three day bG profile prior to (e.g., three weeks prior to) the next scheduled medical visit. The software module22amay also be configured with a default rescheduled test date if the user cancels a scheduled three day bG profile, which may, for example, occur on the next calendar day.

The software module22amay also be configured to store at least one of a preprandial, postprandial, and bedtime bG target ranges specifically for use with the three day bG profile device10. Such information may be used by the processing subsystem22and the software module22awhen showing (e.g., graphing) results of a three day bG profile on the display16after a test is completed. Stored default upper and lower limits for each target range may be modified by a user by selecting suitable options from the touchscreen display16. Also, a postprandial bG excursion of more than a default value, for example more than 50 mg/dL, may be stored and used by the processing subsystem22when analyzing the results of a three day bG profile. The software module22amay also include a default hypoglycemic bG threshold value at or below which any bG value would be recognized as being hypoglycemic. In this instance the hypoglycemic bG value should be below the lower target of any of the bG target ranges.

Referring now toFIG. 3, a high level flowchart100is shown that illustrates exemplary operations that may be implemented by the software module22aas it runs on the processing subsystem22. It will be appreciated that the flowchart ofFIG. 3is merely exemplary and that other operations could be included as well, besides those expressly shown, and that some operations shown inFIG. 3may be omitted without departing from the general scope of operation described forFIG. 3. Also the order of operations of the flowchart100ofFIG. 3, as well as the other flowcharts discussed herein, could potentially be altered while still achieving the same end result as that described herein.

At operation102a three day bG profile is initiated pursuant to a scheduled start date. At operation104the user obtains a bG test sample which is time stamped by the bG analyzer24with a time of 7:45 am. At operation106the processing subsystem22checks if the bG test value with the 7:45 am time stamp was generated in response to a pre-breakfast (i.e., preprandial) reminder. If so, then the processing subsystem22may optionally check to see if the reminder acceptance window is still active (i.e., open) at operation108. If not, the processing subsystem22may store the bG test value in the database26(or memory30), as indicated at operation110, but will not include it in the three day bG profile results. If the answer to the inquiry at operation108is “Yes”, then the bG test value may be accepted and labeled as a “Pre-breakfast” bG test value at operation112, and stored in the database26(or memory30) at operation114for inclusion in the three day bG profile results.

At operation116the Post-breakfast acceptance time window is set and at operation118the Pre-breakfast acceptance time window is cleared. The Post-breakfast time reminder is set to be provided at a predetermined time (in this example 9:45 am), as indicated at operation120, in relation to the user input typical breakfast time.

If the inquiry at operation106indicates that a bG test value was not provided pursuant to a reminder then a check is made if any acceptance time window is still active (i.e., open), as indicated at operation122. If not, then the just-obtained bG test value may be stored in the database26(or memory30), as indicated at operation110, but will not be included as part of the three day bG profile results. If the inquiry at operation122indicates that the current acceptance time window is still open, then at operation124the processing subsystem22confirms that the Pre-breakfast acceptance time window is still open and then checks to see if the user has entered a marker for the just-obtained bG test value, as indicated at operation126. If the check at operation126indicates that a bG test value has been entered by the user with a marker identifying it as a “meal”, then operations112-120are repeated. If the check at operation126reveals that a marker has been entered by the user for a snack, then operation110is repeated so that the bG test value is stored in the database26but not used in the results that form the 3 day bG profile. If the check at operation126reveals that a bG test value has been entered by the user but without a label, then the processing subsystem22displays a query in the display16prompting the user to select whether the bG test value entered is a preprandial or postprandial bG test value, as indicated at operation128. If the bG test value turns out to be a Pre-breakfast bG test value (i.e., preprandial bG value), as determined at operation130, then operations112-120are carried out. If the check at operation130indicates that the bG was not labeled as Pre-Breakfast, then operation110is carried out to store the bG test value, but it will not be included in the three day bG profile results. It will be appreciated that for simplicity, the instance of having two or more overlapping acceptance time windows has not been included in the example ofFIG. 3.

Referring toFIG. 4, a flowchart200is shown of an exemplary Pre-dinner timing scenario that may be implemented using the device10. Again, flowchart200represents a high level flowchart and additional operations could easily be incorporated as desired, while potentially one or more operations could be eliminated or merged with other operations. The order of operations could also potentially be changed while still achieving the same result as that described before forFIG. 4.

At operation202the user provides a bG test sample having a time stamp of 7:30 pm. At operation204a check is made to determine if the bG test value has been entered pursuant to a reminder. If so, then at operation206a check is made to see if the reminder acceptance window is still open and what type of reminder was given. If no reminder window is still open, then the bG test value may be stored in the relational database26at operation208but will not be used as part of the test results for the three day bG profile. If the check at operation206indicates that the reminder acceptance window for a Pre-dinner reminder is still active, then the bG test value may be automatically labeled as a “Pre-dinner” bG test value at operation210and stored in the database26at operation212as part of the three day bG profile results. If the check at operation206reveals that the reminder was associated with a “Bedtime” event, then operations230-234may be performed to automatically label the bG test value as a “Bedtime” bG test value, then store the bG test value in the relational database26, and then clear the previously given reminder. By “reminder acceptance window” it is meant a short time interval, for example five minutes, after a reminder is generated.

At operation214the Post-dinner acceptance time window is set. At operation216the Pre-dinner reminder is cleared and at operation218the Post-dinner reminder is then set to provide the first Post-dinner reminder at 9:30 pm.

Operations204and206, described above, may be optional. But if they are included it means that when the processing subsystem22detects that the bG test value is entered within a specific number of minutes of the Pre-dinner reminder being given (e.g., five minutes), then the processing subsystem22will simply recognize the bG test value as a Pre-dinner bG test value. This logic will require that the processing subsystem22set an additional reminder timer acceptance window when the Pre-dinner acceptance time window is opened, with the additional reminder timer acceptance window being a much shorter duration timer than the timer that is used for the Pre-dinner acceptance time window.

Returning to the flowchart200ofFIG. 4, if the check at operation204indicates that the bG test value was not made during a reminder acceptance window, then a check is made to see if the Pre-dinner acceptance time window is still active, as indicated at operation220. If not, then the bG test value may be stored at operation208but will not be used as part of the test results that form the three day bG profile.

If the check at operation220indicates that the Pre-dinner acceptance time window is still active, then a check is made at operation222to determine if more than one acceptance time window is currently active. If not, then the processing subsystem22determines that the Pre-dinner acceptance time window is the only window currently still active, as indicated at operation224. A check is then made to determine what label, if any, has been applied by the user to the just-obtained bG test value, as indicated at operation226. Operation226may essentially be the same framework of checks as described above for operations126,128and130ofFIG. 3. Assuming that operation226identifies the bG test value as having a preprandial marker, then operations210-218are repeated. If operation222indicates that more than one acceptance time window is currently open, then the processing subsystem22generates a query on the display16at operation228requesting the user to identify if the bG test value is a Pre-dinner or bedtime bG test value. This may be a pair of radio selection boxes labeled “Pre-dinner” and “Bedtime” that the user may select using the touchscreen display16. If the user marks the bG test value as a Pre-dinner bG test value, then operations224,226and210-218are repeated. If the user indicates the bG test value is associated with a Bedtime, then the processing subsystem22labels the bG test value as a “Bedtime” bG test value, as indicated at operation230, and then stores it in the database26, as indicated at operation232. The Bedtime reminder is then cleared at operation234.

Referring now toFIG. 5, an exemplary high level flowchart300is shown that sets forth various operations that may be taken by the processing subsystem22in managing the three day bG profile. By “managing” it is meant checking the accumulated bG test values stored in the database26at the end of each day to ensure that sufficient bG test samples have been accepted to warrant continuing with the test, clearing previously accepted bG test values if an adequate number of bG values is not obtained on a given day, and potentially restarting the test if needed. At operation302the three day bG profile is initiated. At the end of day one the processing subsystem22checks to determine if at least four bG test values have been accepted during the preceding twenty four hour period, as indicated at operation304. If so, then the day one bG test results in the relational database is marked “Complete”, as indicated at operation306. If the check at operation304reveals that less than four accepted bG test values were obtained during day one, then the processing subsystem22may automatically reset the three day bG profile and clear the previously stored, accepted bG test values from the collection of results being used for the test, as indicated at operation308. It will be appreciated, however, that the recorded bG test values are not completely erased from the database26but rather only that they are deleted from within the database26where test results are compiled for the three day bG profile. The three day bG profile is then restarted at operation302. The processing subsystem22preferably provides messages on the touchscreen display16that the present test has been cancelled and that a new test is being initiated.

If at least four accepted bG test values are obtained on day one, as indicated at operation304, then a check is made at the end of day two to determine if at least four accepted bG test values were obtained during the twenty four hour period comprising day two, as indicated at operation310. If the check at operation310indicates that at least four accepted bG test values were recorded during day two, then the database entries for the accepted day two bG test values is marked “Complete” by the processing subsystem22, as indicated at operation312. If the check at operation310indicates that fewer than four accepted bG test values were recorded during the twenty four hour period for day two, then operation308is repeated to clear all of the previously accepted bG test values recorded for days one and two, and the currently underway test is aborted and restarted at operation302. Again, the bG test values recorded in the database26for days one and two are not completely erased from the database26, but rather only erased from the specific file (or files) that are holding bG test values for use in the three day bG profile.

If at least four accepted bG test values are obtained during day two, then the accepted day two bG test values are marked “Complete” (operation312), and the processing subsystem22will check at the end of the next day (i.e., day three) to see if at least four accepted bG test values have been recorded, as indicated at operation314. If so, then the day three recorded bG test values in the database26are marked “Complete”, as indicated at operation316, and the three day bG profile is concluded. A message informing the user of the successful completion of the test may be displayed on the touchscreen display16. If the check at operation314indicates that fewer than four accepted bG test values were obtained during the twenty four hour period comprising day three, then at operation318the processing subsystem22clears the previously recorded, accepted bG test values obtained for day three only from the database26where these values are being recorded for the three day bG profile. The processing subsystem22then continues carrying out the three day bG profile during the subsequent day (i.e., day four), as indicated at operation320. At the end of day four a check is made to determine if at least four accepted bG test samples have been obtained, as indicated at operation320. If so, then the day four database entries are marked “Complete”, as indicated at operation322, and the three day bG profile is concluded. If the check at operation320indicates that fewer than four accepted bG test samples were obtained during the twenty four hour period comprising day four, then all of the previously accepted bG test samples are cleared from the database26where the three day bG profile results have been recorded, and the test is aborted, as indicated at operation324. A message informing the user of this action may be provided on the touchscreen display16along with an option for the user to restart the test on the following day or to reschedule the test for a later date. Again, the stored bG values are not deleted entirely from the database26, but only from the test results recorded for purposes of collecting test data for the three day bG profile.

It will be appreciated that the results of a given three day bG profile may be stored indefinitely in the device10, or stored for a fixed number of three day profile tests, or stored for a predetermined time period before being automatically erased by the processing subsystem22. The test results may be presented in a graphical format along with the predefined bG target ranges. If the touchscreen display22is a color touchscreen display, this enables various colors to be used to highlight the bG target ranges. Any bG excursions for a given one of the accepted bG test values plotted on a graph may also be identified with a different color. The interface28(FIG. 1) enables the stored test results to be downloaded by a health care professional onto a different medium (e.g., laptop or desktop computer) for use by the professional and/or made a part of a permanent electronic health record for the user.

In one aspect the present disclosure relates to a method for managing three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements provided by a user on a handheld diabetes management device. The method can comprise configuring a database of the device to store a plurality of bG test values input by a user for each day of a three day test period, wherein bG test values are required to be provided by the user in accordance with a predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during each day of the three day test period. A processing subsystem of the device can be used to receive bG test values provided by the user and to store the bG test values in the database of the device. The method allows two acceptance time windows to be opened at the same time, and if a given bG test value is obtained during such a condition, then the user is allowed to select which one of the open acceptance time windows to associate the given bG test value with. The processing subsystem can be used to determine if at least a predetermined minimum plurality of the stored bG test values has been provided by the user during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows for each day of the three day test period. If so, the processing subsystem can accept the bG test values for the purpose of compiling results for a three day bG profile. The method can further comprise using a display of the device to display the results of the three day bG profile. Furthermore, the three day test period during which the bG test values are provided to the processing subsystem can require at least the predetermined minimum plurality of the bG test values to have been provided by the user during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during both of first and second successive days that form the three day test period. Still further, the processing subsystem can be configured to abort a collection of the bG test values and restart the three day test period if at least the predetermined minimum plurality of bG test values is not provided during a first day of the three day test period. Still further, the processing subsystem can remove a collection of the bG test values, from a file of the database, that were obtained during the first and second days of the three day test period, if the predetermined minimum plurality of bG test values is provided during a first day of the three day test period but not during the second day of the three day test period. Moreover, the predetermined plurality of differing time acceptance windows can comprise seven different acceptance time windows each having a predetermined duration. Furthermore, the seven different acceptance time windows can comprise: a pre-breakfast meal acceptance time window with a user selected breakfast time input to the processing subsystem by the user; a post-breakfast meal acceptance time window; a pre-lunch meal acceptance time window; with a user selected lunch time input to the processing subsystem by the user; a post-lunch meal acceptance time window; a pre-dinner meal acceptance time window with a user selected dinner time input to the processing subsystem by the user; a post-dinner meal time acceptance window; and a pre-bedtime meal acceptance time window with a user selected bed time input to the processing subsystem. Furthermore, the processing subsystem can be used to cause the device to generate one of a tactile and audible reminder, at each one of the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows, to alert the user to conduct a bG test in accordance with a specific one of the acceptance time windows. Still further, the processing subsystem can be used to receive information from the user designating a bG test value being input to the device, wherein the bG test value relates to a snack or a meal, and wherein the device only uses bG test values that correspond to a meal. Moreover, the processing subsystem can recognize that at least two of the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows overlap relative to a user set meal time, and the processing system can prompt the device to query the user to define whether a given bG test value input by the user corresponds is a preprandial bG test value or a postprandial test value, and the processing subsystem can generate a plurality of selection choices on a display of the device that allows the user to specify whether the given bG test value is a preprandial bG test value or a postprandial bG test value. Still further, the display can be implemented as a touchscreen display, and the selection choices can comprise choices that are presented on the touchscreen for selection by the user.

In another aspect the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory, computer readable medium. The computer readable medium is adapted to run on a processing subsystem of a handheld diabetes device for managing three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements input by a user to the device. The computer readable medium can comprise a database that stores a plurality of bG test values input to the device by a user for each day of a three day test period. The bG test values can be provided by the user in accordance with a predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during each day of the three day test period. The computer readable medium is adapted to determine if at least a predetermined minimum plurality of the stored bG test values has been accepted during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows for each day of the three day test period. If so, the accepted bG test values are used as test results for a three day bG profile. The computer readable medium is also able to determine if the first two days of the three day test period each have the minimum plurality of the stored bG test values obtained therefore, and that the third day does not, and then enables the test to continue on a successive fourth day following the third day in an attempt to successfully complete the three day test period. The test results are sent to a display of the device for display to the user. The non-transitory, computer readable medium can be adapted to determine if the bG test values input to the device by the user have been provided during the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows during both of first and second successive days that form the three day test period. Still further, the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows can be implemented in accordance with seven different acceptance time windows over a twenty four hour period, with each one of the seven different acceptance time windows having a predetermined time duration. The processing subsystem can also be used to analyze a marker for each of the bG test values that is provided by the user, and further can allow only specific ones of those bG test values to be used for the three day profile that: have been marked by the user as corresponding to a meal; and that have been input by the user during ones of the predetermined plurality of differing acceptance time windows.

In another aspect the present disclosure relates to a system for managing three day profile blood glucose (bG) measurements provided by a user. The system can comprise a handheld diabetes management device. The device can include a database for storing bG values input to the device by a user for each day of a three day test period. The device can also include a processing subsystem in communication with the database. The processing system can be configured to perform several operations: to generate a plurality of acceptance time windows for a twenty four hour period; to analyze the bG test values stored in the database during each twenty four hour period for each day over a three day period; to determine whether each of the stored bG test values corresponds to a meal; to accept only ones of the bG test values input by the user that correspond to a meal, and that have been input during specific ones of the plurality of acceptance time windows over the three day period; and to use the accepted bG values in generating information relating to test results for a three day bG profile. The system can also determine if a sufficient number of accepted bG test values has been obtained for each of the first and second days of the three day test, but the third day of the test did not, then allowing the user to attempt to complete the test by entering bG test values on a fourth day following the third day of the test. The handheld diabetes management device may further include a display that displays the results of the three day bG profile. The processing subsystem can further be configured to abort the three day test period, and to start a new three day test period, if: at the end of the first day of the three day time test period at least four accepted bG test values have not obtained for the first day; or at the end of the second day of the three day test period at least four accepted bG test values have not been obtained for the second day. If at least four accepted bG test values are obtained during each of the first and second days, and only three or fewer accepted ones of the bG test values are obtained during the third day, the processing subsystem can also be configured to clear the previously accepted bG test values obtained during the third day from a collection of the test results, and to enable bG test values to be input to the device by the user during the fourth day immediately following the third day, and if at least four accepted bG test values are obtained during the fourth day, then the processing subsystem can use the accepted bG test values obtained during the first, second and fourth days to form the three day bG profile results. The predetermined acceptance time windows are implemented by the processing subsystem as seven acceptance time windows throughout a twenty four hour period, and wherein six of the seven acceptance time windows are set in relation to specific meal times input to the device by the user, and a seventh time window is set in relation to a bed time input to the device by the user.

It will be appreciated that while various embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications or variations which might be made without departing from the present disclosure. Thus, the present examples are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Therefore, the description and claims should be interpreted liberally with only such limitation as is necessary in view of the pertinent prior art.