Digital object routing based on a service request

A digital object may be routed via a network. Routing of a digital object may be based in part on a requested service, and/or on an ability of an intermediate node to provide the requested service, and/or on a willingness of the intermediate node to provide the requested service.

BACKGROUND

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to transmitting digital objects in a network. Information exchange networks such as the Internet couple multiple host computing platforms wherein data may be exchanged between two or more computing platforms. For example, a source node coupled to such a network may send a digital object from the source node to a destination node located somewhere on the network. Where the network includes the Internet, for example, the source node may connect to the Internet via a first Internet Service Provider (ISP), and the remote node may likewise connect to the Internet via a second Internet Service Provider. Multiple intermediary nodes may be coupled to the Internet that may receive the digital object and forward it on to another intermediary node until the digital object reaches the destination node. Such forwarding of a digital object may occur using an Internet Protocol (IP) which specifies a format in which the digital object may be transferred as packet data, and the addressing scheme to route the digital object in the form of data packets through the Internet to the source node. Furthermore, a network such as the Internet may additionally utilize a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to establish a connection between a source node and a destination node. Using such a TCP/IP protocol, data packets are routed automatically by intermediary nodes to a destination IP address without regard to the available services a given node may provide and/or without regard to compensation based on the services provides.

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and/or clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, if considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of claimed subject matter. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and/or circuits have not been described in detail.

Some portions of the detailed description that follows are presented in terms of algorithms, programs and/or symbolic representations of operations on data bits or binary digital signals within a computer memory, for example. These algorithmic descriptions and/or representations may include techniques used in the data processing arts to convey the arrangement of a computer system and/or other information handling system to operate according to such programs, algorithms, and/or symbolic representations of operations.

An algorithm may be generally considered to be a self-consistent sequence of acts and/or operations leading to a desired result. These include physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical and/or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and/or otherwise manipulated. It may be convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers and/or the like. However, these and/or similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the following discussions, throughout the specification discussion utilizing terms such as processing, computing, calculating, determining, and/or the like, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer and/or computing system, and/or similar electronic computing device, that manipulate or transform data represented as physical, such as electronic, quantities within the registers and/or memories of the computer and/or computing system and/or similar electronic and/or computing device into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the memories, registers and/or other such information storage, transmission and/or display devices of the computing system and/or other information handling system.

Embodiments claimed may include apparatuses for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the desired purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computing device selectively activated and/or configured by a program stored in the device. Such a program may be stored on a storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable and/or programmable read only memories (EEPROMs), flash memory, magnetic and/or optical cards, and/or any other type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and/or capable of being coupled to a system bus for a computing device and/or other information handling system.

The processes and/or displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computing device and/or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or a more specialized apparatus may be constructed to perform the desired method. The desired structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, embodiments are not described with reference to any particular programming language. A variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings described herein.

In the following description and/or claims, the terms coupled and/or connected, along with their derivatives, may be used. In particular embodiments, connected may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact with each other. Coupled may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact. However, coupled may also mean that two or more elements may not be in direct contact with each other, but yet may still cooperate and/or interact with each other. Furthermore, the term and/or may mean and, it may mean or, it may mean exclusive-or, it may mean one, it may mean some but not all, it may mean neither, and/or it may mean both, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Certain embodiments may be used in a variety of applications. Although the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect, the circuits disclosed herein may be used in many apparatuses such as in the transmitters and/or receivers of a radio system. Radio systems intended to be included within the scope of the claimed subject matter may include, by way of example only, wireless personal area networks (WPAN) such as a network in compliance with the WiMedia Alliance, a wireless local area networks (WLAN) devices and/or wireless wide area network (WWAN) devices including wireless network interface devices and/or network interface cards (NICs), base stations, access points (APs), gateways, bridges, hubs, cellular radiotelephone communication systems, satellite communication systems, two-way radio communication systems, one-way pagers, two-way pagers, personal communication systems (PCS), personal computers (PCs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), and/or the like, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Types of wireless communication systems intended to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter may include, although are not limited to, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) cellular radiotelephone communication systems, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) cellular radiotelephone systems, North American Digital Cellular (NADC) cellular radiotelephone systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Extended-TDMA (E-TDMA) cellular radiotelephone systems, third generation (3G) systems like Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA-2000, and/or the like, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Reference throughout this specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase in one embodiment or an embodiment in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments.

A network as referred to herein relates to infrastructure that is capable of transmitting data among nodes which are coupled to the network. For example, a network may comprise links capable of transmitting data between nodes according to one or more data transmission protocols. Such links may comprise one or more types of transmission media and/or links capable of transmitting information from a source to a destination. However, these are merely examples of a network, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In the transmission of data in a data transmission network, a source node may initiate transmission of data to one or more destination nodes coupled to the data transmission network. In one particular embodiment, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect, a source node may initiate the transmission of data to the destination node based, at least in part, upon a destination address associated with the destination node. According to a communication protocol of a particular embodiment, the source node may transmit data to the destination node in one or more data packets which are routed to the destination node through the data transmission network based, at least in part, on the destination address. However, these are merely examples of how data may be transmitted from a source node to a destination node in a network, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

A node in a network may forward information to one or more other nodes in the data transmission network over data links. In one particular example, a first node may forward information to a second node by transmitting one or more data packets according to a communication protocol. Such data packets may comprise a header portion containing an address of an intended destination node and a payload containing forwarded information. If the second node is not the ultimate intended destination, the second node may also forward the data packets to a third node which comprises and/or is coupled to the ultimate intended destination node. However, these merely examples of how information may be forwarded in a network, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

A digital object as referred to herein relates to information that is organized and/or formatted in a digitized form. For example, a digital object may comprise one or more documents, visual media and/or audio media, and/or combinations thereof. However, these are merely examples of the types of information that may be maintained in a digital object, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Such a digital object may be maintained in a compressed format to enable efficient storage of the digital object in a storage medium and/or transmission of the digital in a data transmission network. In other embodiments, such a digital object may be encrypted for transmission in a secure communication channel. In one particular embodiment, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect, a digital object may be compressed and/or formatted at a source node for transmission to one or more destination nodes. Also, a digital object may be transmitted to one or more destination nodes as one or more data packets routed to the one or more data nodes according to a communication protocol. However, these are merely examples of a digital object, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In one or more embodiments, a digital object may comprise a digital data payload as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,054.

A bid as referred to herein relates to an expression of a proposal to perform a service. In one particular example, a customer and/or client may receive bids from more than one party competing for the business of the customer and/or client. A bid may specify terms under which a service may be performed such as, for example, price, quality, timeliness and/or reliability. However, these are merely examples of terms that may be expressed in a bid, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Also, in some commercial contexts, acceptance of a bid by a customer and/or client may be binding on the parties. In other commercial contexts, however, acceptance of a bid by a customer and/or client, in and of itself, may not be binding. Here, additional actions by one or more parties may result in a binding arrangement. It should be understood that these are merely examples of a bid, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

A bid request as referred to herein relates to an expression of an invitation to provide a bid for performing a service. In one particular example, such a bid request may specify a desired service to be performed by a service provider. In some embodiments, the bid request may specify some of the terms, but not necessarily all of the terms, under which a desired service is to be performed. However, these are merely examples of a bid request, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In response to receipt of a bid from a service provider for providing a service, a potential customer and/or client may provide an acceptance message to the bidding service provider. Such an acceptance message may express a willingness of the customer and/or client to receive services from the service provider according to at least some terms set forth in the received bid. However, this is merely an example of an acceptance message, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In forwarding a digital object from a source node to a destination node over a network, equipment which is owned, leased, controlled and/or operated by one or more intermediaries or intermediary parties may forward at least a portion of the digital object over at least a portion of the network toward the destination node. As illustrated below, the term intermediary may refer to a party that may forward a digital object over at least a portion of the data transmission network and/or equipment that is owned, leased, controlled and/or operated by the party for performing this service.

Equipment that is owned, leased, controlled and/or maintained by an intermediary may comprise equipment that is capable of transmitting information to and/or receiving information from a data transmission network. Here, such equipment may comprise one or more communication ports capable of receiving information from a source node and/or transmitting information to a destination node over one or more data transmission mediums forming links in the network. Such a communication port may be capable of transmitting and/or receiving information from any one of several types of media such as, for example, cabling which may include optical, coaxial, unshielded twisted wire pair cabling, and so on, and/or wireless transmission media which may include terrestrial wireless transmission links or non-terrestrial vehicle links such as atmospheric vehicles, aquatic vehicle, and/or space vehicles. However, these are merely examples of a communication port that may couple equipment which is owned, leased controlled and/or operated by an intermediary to a data transmission network, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Instructions as referred to herein relate to expressions which represent one or more logical operations. For example, instructions may be machine-readable by being interpretable by a machine for executing one or more operations on one or more data objects. However, this is merely an example of instructions, and the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In another example, instructions as referred to herein may relate to encoded commands which are executable by a processing circuit having a command set which includes the encoded commands. Such an instruction may be encoded in the form of a machine language understood by the processing circuit. However, these are merely examples of an instruction, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

A storage medium as referred to herein relates to media capable of maintaining expressions which are perceivable by one or more machines. For example, a storage medium may comprise one or more storage devices for storing machine-readable instructions and/or information. Such storage devices may comprise any one of several media types including, for example, magnetic, optical or semiconductor storage media. However, these are merely examples of a storage medium, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Logic as referred to herein relates to structure for performing one or more logical operations. For example, logic may comprise circuitry which provides one or more output signals based upon one or more input signals. Such circuitry may comprise a finite state machine which receives a digital input and provides a digital output, or circuitry which provides one or more analog output signals in response to one or more analog input signals. Such circuitry may be provided in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or field programmable gate array (FPGA), for example. Also, logic may comprise machine-readable instructions stored in a storage medium in combination with processing circuitry to execute such machine-readable instructions. However, these are merely examples of structures which may provide logic, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

An agent as referred to herein relates to a process that executes on a first device and is capable of communicating with a second device over a network. In one particular embodiment, for example, an agent process may collect information associated with the first device and enable transmission of the collected information to the second device. In another embodiment, an agent may receive control signals from the second device to enable remote control of at least one aspect of the first device. However, these are merely examples of how an agent may enable communication between devices, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In another embodiment, an agent may execute on a processor under the control of machine-readable instructions stored on a storage medium. In another embodiment, an agent may be executed on different types of structure that provide logic. However, these are merely examples of an agent, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

A Quality of Service (QoS) as referred to herein relates to a characteristic of a data transmission service to provide data to a recipient within time constraints. A quality of service may refer to a characteristic of a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) type protocol, and/or a user datagram protocol/internet protocol (UDP/IP) type protocol. In one or more embodiments, a quality of service may refer to a threshold error transmission rate, for example where one or more data packets may not arrive, and/or where one or more data packets that do arrive may include one or more corrupted bits of information. In one or more embodiments, a quality of service may refer to where no errors and/or no error rate is acceptable, and/or to a threshold where the number of errors and/or the error rate may not exceed a predetermined value, and/or to a range within which a number of errors and/or an error rate may be acceptable, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In a particular embodiment, for example, a QoS may be associated with the transmission of a digital object from a source node to a destination node. Here, for example, a QoS may specify that all or a portion of the digital object arrive at the destination node within some time constraint. In another embodiment, a QoS may define, at least in part, an effective data rate at which a digital object is to be transmitted to the destination node. However, this is merely an example of how QoS may be applied in the transmission of a digital object, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout this specification discussions utilizing terms such as processing, computing, calculating, selecting, forming, enabling, inhibiting, identifying, initiating, receiving, transmitting, determining and/or the like refer to the actions and/or processes that may be performed by a computing platform, such as a computer or a similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical electronic and/or magnetic quantities and/or other physical quantities within the computing platform's processors, memories, registers, and/or other information storage, transmission, reception and/or display devices. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, process described herein, with reference to flow diagrams or otherwise, may also be executed and/or controlled, in whole or in part, by such a computing platform.

Referring now toFIG. 1, block diagram of a network in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. A source node110may couple to an internet service provider (ISP)112that may provide source node110with access to network100. In one embodiment, network100may include one or more nodes114on network100where a first node114may communicate with one or more other nodes114on network100. In one embodiment, network100may comprise the Internet, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Internet service provider112may provide source node110with access to network100via one or more data transmission access technologies, for example, public switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL), coaxial cable or wireless access, for example, using satellite and/or terrestrial links. However, these are merely examples of how a node such as source node110may obtain access to network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Network100may be capable of transmitting data packets among nodes114in a network topology according to an Internet Protocol (IP). However, this is merely an example of a communication protocol that may be used in the transmission of all or portions of a digital object from source node110to destination node118, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In the particular embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1, source node110and destination node118may access network100through the facilities of Internet service providers (ISPs)110and/or116. For example, source node110and/or destination node118may comprise subscribers of corresponding ISPs that may enable access to network100for a subscription fee. However, ISPs110and/or116are merely examples of how source node110and/or destination node118may access network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. It should be noted that there may be one or more source nodes110and one or more destination nodes118able to couple to network100via one or more of ISP112and/or one or more of ISP116. Likewise, the number of nodes114in network100may be zero, and/or one or more, and nodes114may be capable of communicating with one or more other of nodes114, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Nodes114may be referred to in general as intermediaries referring to intermediate locations, devices, and/or paths between source node110and destination node118, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. According to an embodiment, nodes114and/or ISP112and/or116may comprise one or more routers to forward data packets originating at source node110to destination node118, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

According to an embodiment, source node110and/or destination node118, and/or optionally one or more of nodes114, may comprise any one of several types of devices that are capable of transmitting and/or receiving digital objects. In one particular example, source node110and/or destination node118may include a communication port (not shown) arranged to transmit data to and/or receive data from one or more of ISP110and/or118through a data transmission medium using one or more of the herein mentioned access technologies. In addition to communication ports, source node110and/or destination node118, and/or optionally one or more of nodes114, may also comprise a computing platform employing a processor, one or more memory devices and appropriate input/output devices for communicating between processes executing on the processor and communication ports. Such processes executable on a computing platform may be controlled, at least in part, by machine-readable instructions stored in one or more memory devices of the computing platform. In one particular embodiment, a computing platform system at source node110may execute one or more processes to create and/or format a digital object for transmission on network100. However, this is merely an example of how a source node110may create and/or format a digital object for transmission on network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In another particular embodiment, a computing platform at destination node118may execute one or more processes to utilize a digital object received via network100through a communication port. However, this is merely an example of how destination node118may process a digital object received from network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

According to an embodiment, equipment that is owned, leased, controlled and/or operated by owners and/or operators of nodes114may transmit digital objects between ISP112and ISP116. Links coupling nodes114to ISP110and ISP116may comprise any one of several data transmission mediums such as, for example, cabling such as fiber optic, coaxial and/or unshielded twisted wire pair cabling, and/or wireless transmission media, for example, using terrestrial and/or satellite based links. However, these are merely examples of transmission media that may be utilized to transmit digital objects in network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

As illustrated inFIG. 1, ISP110may transmit a digital object to ISP116in any one of multiple paths comprising at least one or more corresponding nodes114. According to a particular embodiment, ISP110may transmit a digital object to ISP116through any one of nodes114via any one or more of transmission links that may couple nodes114. According to a particular embodiment, source node110and/or ISP1112may select a particular one or more of nodes114to forward the digital object to ISP116. However, this is merely an example of how a particular node114may be selected for forwarding a digital object from source node110to destination node118, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

According to an embodiment, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect, nodes114may route digital objects between ISP112and ISP116in one or more data packets formatted according to a particular network protocol such as the Internet Protocol (IP). Such data packets may be forwarded on data links connecting nodes114and ISP112and ISP116according to any one of several data link layer protocols such as, for example, Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay and/or Synchronous Optical NETwork/Sychronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) data link protocols. In embodiments employing wireless communication links, data packets may be forwarded on such wireless communication links according to any one of several wireless data link protocols such as, for example, IEEE Standards 802.11, 802.16 and/or the like, and/or wireless data link protocol including, for example, but not limited to, Code Division Multiple access (CDMA), Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Enhanced Data for Global Evolution (EDGE), Evolution Data Only (EV-DO), Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Flash-OFDM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and/or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and/or the like. However, these are merely examples of data link protocols that may be used to transmit and/or receive data packets in network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 2, a block diagram of a router in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. The router200shown inFIG. 2may be owned, leased and/or operated at a node114and/or ISP112and/or ISP118to transmit at least a portion of a digital object to destination node118according to an embodiment. Router200may include one or more input ports210to receive data packet communications according to one or more protocols mentioned herein. One or more of input ports210may be capable of receiving all or at least a portion of a digital object from ISP112originating from source node110. Router200may also include one or more output ports212to transmit data packet communications according to one or more of the protocols mentioned herein. One or more of output ports212may be capable of transmitting all or a portion of a digital object to ISP116, and the packet may then be forwarded to one or more destination nodes118.

According to an embodiment, router200may comprise logic to determine how to forward packets received on input ports210to output ports212. For example, router200may determine an output port212for forwarding a received data packet based, at least in part, on information associated with the received data packet such as, for example, a destination address. According to a particular embodiment, router200may determine an output port212for forwarding the received data packet according to one or more look up tables associating destination Internet Protocol (IP) address with output ports212. However, this is merely an example of how a router may determine an output port for forwarding a data packet, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Notwithstanding the existence of a valid destination address associated with a received data packet, according to an embodiment, router200may also select whether or not to forward a received data packet based, at least in part, on information such as the destination and/or source associated with the data packet, or other information associated with the data packet.

According to an embodiment, the aforementioned logic of router200to control routing data packets from an input port210to an output port212may comprise one or more computer systems comprising one or more processors and memory devices. The memory devices may comprise machine-readable instructions to execute on the one or more processors for controlling the routing of data packets. Alternatively, router200may comprise one or more Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) devices to control routing, and/or combinations of one or more ASIC devices and one or more computer systems to control routing. However, these are merely examples of logic that may be employed in a router for controlling the forwarding of data packets and claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. In one or more embodiments, router200may comprise and/or be implemented by one or more computing platforms as described herein, for example as a network interface card and/or a server adapted to operate at least in part as a router and/or to provide one or more routing functions, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

According to an embodiment, one or more of nodes114and one or more of ISP112and/or ISP116, for example as shown inFIG. 1, may employ one and/or more than one router200to forward a digital object to a destination node118. A digital object received from source node110at a first router may be forwarded to a second router where both first and second routers are owned, leased, controlled and/or operated by nodes114and/or ISP112and/or ISP116. In such an embodiment, the first router may receive the digital object from ISP112and forward the received digital object to the second router either directly to the second router or via one or more other routing devices. The second router may then forward to ISP116the digital object received from the first router. However, this is merely an example of how a node as an intermediary may employ multiple routers for forwarding a digital object from a source node to a destination node, and claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

According to an embodiment, one or more of nodes114and/or ISP112and/or ISP116may employ Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) according to the MPLS Architecture set forth, for example, in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Network Working Group, RFC 3031, 2001. In such an embodiment, ISP112may comprise a label edge router (LER) that is capable of assigning label values to packets received from source node110for transmission to destination node118. One or more routers200of nodes114may comprise a Label Switch Router (LSR) to make forwarding decisions for received data packets based, at least in part, upon label values assigned to the received data packets. At a network hop between ISP112and ISP116, an LSR associated with one or more of nodes114may remove an existing label of a received data packet and apply a new label indicating how the next, downstream LSR is to forward the data packet to a destination. Label switch routers coupled to forward a digital object from ISP112to ISP116may then form a Label Switch Path (LSP) determined, at least in part, according to labels, selected from a hierarchy of labels known as a label stack, assigned to data packets transporting the digital object at network hops between ISP112and ISP116. However, this is merely an example of how a digital object may be transmitted between nodes on a data transmission network using MPLS, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one or more embodiments, router200may implement routing of packets and/or data using existing processes, routing tables, and/or MPLS to shape the flow of traffic, optionally without consideration for the object-based QoS requirements and/or other criteria as it pertains to the transmission of a particular digital object and/or a series of objects. In one or more embodiments, router200may implement routing of packets and/or data using existing processes, routing tables, and/or MPLS to shape the flow of traffic, optionally including consideration for the object-based QoS requirements and/or other criteria as it pertains to the transmission of a particular digital object and/or a series of objects. In one or more embodiments, router200may be programmed with software and/or firmware to implement routing of packets and/or data, and in one or more alternative embodiments, router200may be wired and/or utilize switches to implement routing of packets and/or data at a predetermined QoS based at least in part on packet traffic, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In one or more embodiments, instructions by which router200may be arranged to route and/or forward packets may be received from a source external to router200, and in one or more embodiments, router200may be arranged to forward predetermined packets and/or digital object in a predetermined setting, for example where one of input ports210may be coupled to one or more output ports212, which may be arranged, for example, to last for a predetermined period of time, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 3, a block diagram of network that may be utilized to transmit a digital object to two or more nodes and/or destination nodes in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. As shown inFIG. 3, source node110may transmit a digital object to more than one destination node118coupled to one or more ISPs116. Likewise, although not shown, destination node and/or nodes118may receive a digital object from more than one source node and/or nodes110. One or more intermediary nodes114may be employed to forward the digital object to two or more destination nodes118. In one or more alternative embodiments, source node112may transmit a digital object in two or more sets of data packets using multiple intermediaries, for example where there may be more than one destination node and/or where a single larger sized object may be split into multiple sub-objects to be transmitted on a separate path and/or paths using a separate criterion and/or criteria, for example QoS, costs, and so on, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. According to an embodiment, a digital object formatted for transmission to one or more of destination nodes118may be copied at either ISP112or one or more of nodes114and/or one or more of ISP116for transmission to multiple destination nodes118. An intermediary one or more of nodes114may comprise one or more routers, such as router200, for example, to forward data packets to one or more of destination nodes118. Furthermore, network100may employ MPLS and select particular one or more intermediary nodes114for forwarding the digital object to one or more destination nodes118.

In the embodiment shown inFIG. 3, a single intermediary node114may be capable of forwarding a digital object from ISP112to one or more destination nodes118coupled to any of ISPs116. Likewise, an intermediary node114may forward the digital object to multiple destination nodes118coupled to all of ISPs116by selecting another intermediary node114through which the digital object may be routed to selected ISPs116and then on to selected destination nodes118, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one or more embodiments, network100as shown inFIG. 1and/orFIG. 3may determine a route for transmitting a digital object between a router200at ISP112and a router at ISP116, a route for transmitting a digital object between a router200at one intermediary node114and a router200at another intermediary node114, and/or a route for transmitting a digital object between a router at an intermediary node114and ISP112and/or ISP116. When source node110is prepared to send a digital object to destination node118, source node110may transmit the digital object to ISP112where the digital object may include information relating to the digital object to be sent. Such information relating to the digital object to be sent may be referred to as digital object information. Such digital object information may include, for example, the size of the digital object, for example in megabytes, the priority of the digital object with respect to a priority of one or more other digital objects, the time frame in which it may be desired to transmit the digital object, the link quality that may be desired between source node110and destination node118, a quality of service (QoS) that may be desired between source node112and destination node118, a latency parameter that may be desired between source node112and destination node118, the type of information that the digital object comprises, for example text data, e-mail data, HTML data, media data, the format of the data file, and so on. In one or more embodiments, digital object information may comprise a digital transmission form (DTF). Such digital transmission form (DTF), for example, may comprise predefined fields that specify terms of a service request for the service of transmitting a digital object to a destination node. Such predefined fields may be used for providing information to a requesting party such as, for example, size of the digital object to be transmitted, for example in bits, bytes, cells, packets, and/or the like, destination address and/or addresses, QoS, compression format, security/encryption, billing account number, and so on. However, these are merely examples of predefined fields that may be used in a DTF for providing a service request, and the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. In one or more embodiments, digital object information may be incorporated, wholly or at least in part, with the digital object. For example, digital object information may comprise a header and/or be contained within a header of the digital object. In one or more alternative embodiments, digital object information may be an object that is separate, wholly or at least in part, from the digital object itself. For example, digital object information may be a separate routing bill and/or stub that contains destination information pertaining to the digital object, sender information, receiving information, quality of service information, routing path information, and so on. In such embodiments, the digital object information may be routed along with the digital object, or alternatively may be routed independently from the digital object, at least in part, and/or may follow a different transmission path along network100. In one or more embodiments, digital object information may indicate to one or more downstream nodes, such as nodes114, what is coming and/or contained in the digital object, and/or the requested quality of service, and/or a request for information from the downstream nodes whether the downstream nodes can handle the digital object, store the digital object, forward the digital object, and so on. In one or more embodiments, the digital object information may reach the same destination as the digital object, and in one or more alternative embodiments the digital object information may not actually reach and/or may not be required to reach the same destination as the digital object. However, these are merely examples of how digital object information may be embodied, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

In one or more embodiments, a digital object (DO) may refer to the payload to be transmitted on network100, for example a movie file, and a digital transmission file (DTF) may refer to information regarding the digital object, which may be referred to as digital object information. For example, a digital transmission form may be another object, typically smaller, but not necessarily smaller, than the digital object, and may be an object independent from the digital object itself, that represents the digital object and/or information regarding the digital object. In one embodiment, the digital transmission form may comprise metadata about the digital object, for example size, bid, charges, QoS, routing information, and/or the like. The digital transmission form may traverse the same path in network100as the digital object, and/or the digital transmission form may traverse a path that is different at least in part from the digital object. In one or more embodiments, a digital transmission form may not be required and/or utilized, for example where preexisting agreements and/or prearranged routs may exist to handle the forwarding of the digital object. In other embodiments, a digital transmission form may be utilized as an instrument in which bids and/or costs for forwarding the digital object on network100may be utilized and/or negotiated prior to the transmission of the digital object on network100. In any given network in certain embodiments, a digital object may include a corresponding digital transmission form, and in other embodiments, a digital object may not have a corresponding digital transmission form. However, these are merely examples of how a digital transmission form may be utilized to transmit a digital object via network100, and the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

In one or more embodiments, the digital object may include information pertaining to a request of a level of service for the delivery of the digital object to one or more destination nodes118. For example, the digital object information may include one or more of a size of the object to be transmitted, a description of the contents and/or the payload of the digital object, a requested timeliness of transmittal and/or a time frame in which the digital object is requested to be transmitted, a quality of service (QoS) with which the object is requested to be transmitted, an amount of money that the sender is willing to pay for transmission of the digital object, payment information such as credit card information, bank account information, bartering and/or trade information, and or other financial payment information such as PayPal® account information and/or Western Union® payment information, and/or a level of priority with which the digital object is to be transmitted, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

A router200at ISP112may, for example, examine the digital object information to determine how and/or when the digital object should be transmitted to one or more destination nodes118. In one or more embodiments, source node110may provide directly to ISP112payment for requested services for the transmission of the digital object, and then ISP116may contract for and/or pay for and/or arrange for the transmission of the digital object with one more intermediary nodes114. In such an embodiment, source node110may be a customer of ISP112who in turn makes arrangements for providing services to source node110. In an alternative embodiment, ISP112may forward the digital object information to one or more intermediary nodes114, which may review the requested service and/or services in the digital object information to determine whether such intermediary nodes114have the capability to provide the requested services, and/or whether such intermediary nodes114have a willingness to provide the requested services. Such capability and/or willingness may be based, at least in part, on traffic loading at a given intermediary node114, available bandwidth at a given intermediary node114, available quality of service at a given intermediary node114, an amount of money that source node114is willing to pay for requested services, a time frame in which a given intermediary node114is capable of receiving and/or forwarding the digital object, an amount of storage capacity available at a given intermediary node114, for example where intermediary node114may be requested to store the digital object for a predetermined period, and/or whether a given intermediary node114is capable of receiving the form of payment indicated in the digital object information, for example whether a payment by a given credit card is accepted, and/or the like. One or more of intermediary nodes114may then provide one or more responses back to ISP112, which in turn forwards the responses to source node110. Source node110may then decide which node or nodes114have provided a satisfactory response, and then source node110may indicate to ISP112which node and/or nodes114that source node110would like to use to route the digital object to one or more destination nodes. ISP112may then arrange a routing table according to such indication by source node110, and then forward the digital object according to the routing table. ISP112may charge a fee to source node110for making such arrangements, and/or intermediary nodes114may also charge a fee, either to ISP112as an intermediary and/or to source node110, for example by charging the fee to one or more of the financial accounts listed in the digital object information. In such an arrangement, ISP112may function as a broker for source node110. In yet another embodiment, ISP112may merely forward the digital object information on to one or more of intermediary nodes114, and then source node110may directly make arrangements for transmitting the digital object with one or more intermediary nodes114, which may be with minimal and/or no intervention by ISP112other than, for example, forwarding information and/or digital objects. In such an embodiment, ISP112may provide such services to source node110as part of an overall Internet Service Provider agreement between source node110and ISP112. However, these are merely some examples of arrangements between source node110, ISP112, and/or intermediary nodes114, and the scope of the invention is not limited in this respect.

In one or more embodiments, ISP112may examine the traffic loads between ISP112and one or more intermediary nodes114, which may include, for example, intermediary nodes114that are coupled to or proximately coupled to one or more output ports212of router200. In one embodiment, for example, when a router200at ISP112transmits data packets to routers200at nodes114, routers200may transmit information regarding the link between ISP112and node114, for example the transmission time, latency time, channel information, link quality, error rate, retransmission rate, and/or the load on router200nodes114. In general, such information may be referred to as link information. When router200of ISP112receives such link information from routers200downstream nodes114, router200of ISP112may determine which of nodes114are suitable for transmission of the digital object based from ISP112to nodes114on at least in part on the link information and the digital object information. For example, if the digital objection information specifies a minimum Quality of Service, ISP112may determine which links between ISP112and nodes114will satisfy this minimum Quality of Service based on the link information received from nodes114, and will transmit the digital object to intermediary nodes114where the links between ISP112and intermediary nodes114satisfy the minimum Quality of Service. Likewise, such a process may be implemented by routers200in each subsequent intermediary node114that receives the digital object for retransmission to another intermediary node114as the digital object travels via network100until the digital object reaches its selected destination node118, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one embodiment, routers200of ISP112, and/or ISP116, and/or nodes116may include a routing table that specifies where digital objects may be routed based on the link information between nodes114, ISP112, and/or ISP116. Such routing tables may be periodically updated as packet loads and related link information between two routers200change over time, based at least in part on changing link information that routers200receive from other downstream routers200. Furthermore, the routing tables may be updated based at least in part on the number of digital objects received over a given unit time, and/or based at least in part on the digital object information specified in the digital information objects. As the routing tables are updated, digital objects received by routers200may be routed to updated downstream nodes114according to the updated routing tables, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one or more embodiments, a digital object may be sufficiently large such that it may be desirable to split the digital object into one or more sub-objects, for example at source node110and/or at one or more of intermediary nodes114, where one or more of the sub-objects may be provided with its own individual routing requirements, quality of service, routing paths, and so on, and where the sub-objects may be reassembled at one or more of intermediary nodes114and/or one or more of destination nodes118. Such a sub-object concept in one or more embodiments may be analogous to data transfer utilizing packets, where the sub-objects may be at a higher level of organization that a packets, but may be at a lower level of organization that the digital object itself. For example, a multimedia object may be split into a video sub-object and an audio sub-object, and/or a multimedia object may be split into a sub-objects corresponding to the scenes contained in the multimedia object, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. An example of such a digital object that may be suitable for being split up into one or more smaller objects may be where the digital object is a movie. In one or more embodiments, a transmission of such an object may include a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) transmission system and/or a spatial division, multiple access system, for example where two or more sub-objects may be transmitted in parallel in two or more links. In one particular embodiment, a network that may be suitable for splitting a digital object into one or more sub-objects may comprise at least a portion of the network operating in compliance with an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 type standard such as a WiMax type standard, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 4, a flow diagram of a method for routing a digital object in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. Method400as shown inFIG. 4may include one or more of blocks410through424and may be implemented in any order, not necessarily in the order shown inFIG. 4. Furthermore, an implementation of method400may include fewer and/or more blocks than shown in FIG.4, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In one embodiment, method400may be implemented by router200of any one or more of ISP112, ISP116, and/or nodes114. As an example of one embodiment, router200of ISP112may receive at block410a digital object from source node110to be transmitted to one or more destination nodes118. Router200of ISP112may read digital object information at block412where the digital object information may be stored along with the digital object, including one or more requested services as indicated in the digital object information. In one or more alternative embodiments, the digital object information may be stored separately from the digital object, at least in part, for example as a separate object, and/or may be transmitted separately from the digital object, at least in part, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Based on such requested services as indicated in the digital object information, router200of ISP112may send the digital object information including the requested services to one or more downstream nodes114at block414. Routers200of downstream nodes114may analyze one or more parameters to determine whether such downstream nodes114are capable of providing and/or willing to provide one or more of the requested services, and then transmit a service request reply to router200of ISP112, which may be received by router200of ISP112at block416. Router200of ISP112may then arrange a routing table at block418for the transmission of the digital object via network100to one or more destination nodes118based at least in part on the service request reply received from routers200of downstream nodes114. In one embodiment, router200of ISP112may arrange the routing table for the entire route, or a partial route, from source node110to one or more destination nodes118. In such an embodiment, the routing table may be arranged in advance based on one or more current service request replies between nodes114of network100, wherein the digital object may be transmitted to nodes114and forwarded to one or more destination nodes118. The routing table optionally may be sent at block420to one or more affected nodes114to establish a prearranged transmission path or paths from source node110to one or more destination nodes118, and then the digital object may be forwarded to affected nodes114along the prearranged transmission path or paths until the digital object reaches one or more destination nodes118. In alternative embodiment, method400may be first implemented by router200of ISP112, and then the digital object may be transmitted to a subsequent downstream node114. Downstream node114receives the digital object, and then router200of the downstream node may independently execute method400from its vantage point, and if necessary arrange a new routing table at block418if the current routing table needs to be updated, or if not necessary, then forwarding the digital object according to the current routing table to a another downstream node114at block422. Subsequent downstream nodes114likewise may optionally execute method400when those nodes114receive a digital object to be forwarded at block410. In yet another embodiment, intermediary nodes114may receive updated service request replies from one or more downstream nodes114periodically and/or as the service request replies change over time. In such an embodiment, nodes114that currently have a digital object, or at least one or more packets thereof, to be forwarded may execute method400upon receiving updated service request replies from downstream nodes114, upon which such current nodes114may update the routing table accordingly. Otherwise, if no updated service request reply is received, such current nodes114may forward the digital object according to the current routing table, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In some or all of the embodiments described, above, the path or paths by which a digital object is transmitted from source node110to one or more destination nodes may be dynamically based at least in part on service request replies received from nodes114of network100, and/or may be dynamically updated based at least in part on changing service request replies received from nodes114of network100, for example as conditions of network100change over time, and also based at least in part on one or more requested services indicated in the digital object, and/or a combination or the requested services indicated in the digital object and the service request replies and/or changing and/or updated service request replies received from nodes114on network100, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Optionally, payment for services provided in receiving and/or forwarding the digital object may be arranged at block424, for example where source node110may pay ISP112and/or one or more intermediary nodes114, and/or ISP112may pay one or more intermediary nodes114, for example, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 5, a flow diagram of a method for forwarding a digital object on a network based at least in part on available services where the available services may be changing over time will be discussed. Method500as shown inFIG. 5may include one or more of blocks510through526and may be implemented in any order, not necessarily in the order shown inFIG. 5. Furthermore, an implementation of method500may include fewer and/or more blocks than shown inFIG. 5, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Method500shown inFIG. 5may be executed by router200of ISP112in one or more embodiments, and may be executed by one or more nodes114and/or ISP116in one or more alternative embodiments. In one example embodiment, router200of ISP112may receive at block510a digital object to be forwarded to one or more destination nodes118. Router200of ISP112may read at block512the digital object information that accompanies the digital object which may include one or more requested services for the transmission of the digital object on network100. Router200may examine available services at block514, for example the available services that ISP112and/or one or more downstream intermediary nodes114are capable of providing and/or willing to provide. A determination may be made at block516whether the available services have changed from a previous time. In the event the available services have changed, router200of ISP112may update the routing table at block518based at least in part on the new available services. Otherwise, the current routing table may be used. Router200of ISP112may compare at block520the digital object information with the available services to determine which of ISP112and/or downstream intermediary nodes114are capable of providing and/or willing to provide the requested services as specified by the digital object information. Router200of ISP112may then use the routing table at block522to select one or more downstream nodes114to which the digital object may be forwarded, and then router200of ISP112may forward the digital object at block524to the selected one or more downstream intermediary nodes114.

In one embodiment, the routing table as determined by router200of ISP112may be forwarded along with the digital object, for example as digital object information, wherein downstream nodes114may then forward the digital object to other downstream nodes114according to the routing table established by router200of ISP112. In alternative embodiment, routers200of downstream nodes114may independently execute method500when such downstream nodes114receive the digital object to be forwarded at block510. In such an embodiment, in the event the available services from intermediary nodes114and/or further downstream intermediary nodes114changes, the routing table may be updated accordingly at block518, and the digital object may be forwarded via network100based on the updated routing table. In a further alternative embodiment, nodes114on network100may periodically monitor available services such nodes114and/or other nodes114may provide, wherein such nodes114may update their own routing tables114accordingly, and/or such nodes114may monitor available services of other downstream intermediary nodes114, and upon detecting a change in available services, such nodes114may update their own routing tables. In such an embodiment, nodes114that receive a digital object to be forwarded optionally may not necessarily make a determination at block516whether service quality has changed since such nodes114may continually and/or sporadically have already updated the routing table when a digital object is received, and in such embodiments, nodes114may forward the digital object according to the routing table currently stored in routers200of nodes114, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In yet another embodiment, further intermediary downstream nodes114may send information pertaining to available services to upstream nodes114when the available services change, for example based at least in part on regular traffic on network114and/or based at least in part on test packets and/or other service requests received from other intermediary nodes114. In such an embodiment, such upstream nodes114may receive available services information from downstream nodes114without requiring such upstream nodes114to request the available services information. Alternatively, such upstream nodes114may request available services information from downstream nodes114by optionally making a determination at block516whether the available services have changed upon receiving a digital object to be forwarded at block510, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Optionally, payment for services provided in receiving and/or forwarding the digital object may be arranged at block526, for example where source node110may pay ISP112and/or one or more intermediary nodes114, and/or ISP112may pay one or more intermediary nodes114, for example, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 6, a conceptual diagram of the routing of a digital object via a network in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. As shown inFIG. 6, digital object600may originate at source node110and may include a payload610and/or digital object information612. Payload610may include, for example, the file, code, data, and/or content of digital object600that a user at source node110may desire to deliver to one or more destination nodes118as shown inFIG. 1andFIG. 3, for example. Digital object information612may include, an indication of one or more requested services for transmission of digital object600and may further include, for example, the size of the digital object, for example in megabytes, the priority of the digital object with respect to a priority of one or more other digital objects, the time frame in which it may be desired to transmit the digital object, the link quality that may be desired between source node110and destination node118, a quality of service (QoS) that may be desired between source node112and destination node118, a latency parameter that may be desired between source node112and destination node118, the type of information that the digital object comprises, for example text data, e-mail data, HTML data, media data, the format of the data file, and so on. Digital object information612may also include, for example, information about the sender, information about the recipient, information about payload610, information about cost, payment and/or billing information, and so on. In one or more embodiments, the digital object information may be stored separately from the digital object, at least in part, for example as a separate object, and/or may be transmitted separately from the digital object, at least in part, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In one embodiment, a user at source node110may add one or more payloads610to digital object600, and may also specify digital object information612regarding payload610. Furthermore, digital object information612may also be automatically determined based on the content, format, and/or other data of payload610. Source node110may then transmit digital object600to ISP112via a link (LINK ISP) between source node110and ISP112for transmission of digital object600to one or more destination nodes118via network100. ISP112may receive digital object600and add routing table information614to digital object600. In one embodiment, when ISP112transmits digital object600to one or more intermediary nodes114, digital object600may include routing table information614, for example where routing table614is appended to digital object600and/or where routing table information614is added to digital object information612. Routing table information614may be obtained from routing table616of router200, as shown inFIG. 2, of ISP112. Routing table616may be based at least in part on first service request620transmitted from ISP112to downstream node114, which in turn may determine first service request reply622available for a transmission (LINK1) between ISP114and downstream node114. One or more downstream nodes may transmit first service request reply622to ISP112which in turn may update routing table616based at least in part on first service request reply622, which may, for example, available services for LINK1. Routing table information614may then reflect routing table616, wherein digital object600may include routing table information614that indicates to intermediary nodes114the path or paths that digital object600should take in network100. Accordingly, ISP112may then forward digital object600to one or more intermediary nodes114based at least in part on the available services for link, LINK1, between ISP112and node114, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

In a similar fashion, when digital object600arrives at node114, node114may forward digital object114to downstream nodes114based on routing table information614of digital object600. In one embodiment, routing table information614may be updated based at least in part on routing table618. Routing table618may be determined at least in part on second service request624sent from one node114to another node114via another link, LINK2. Router200of successive downstream node114may determine second service request reply626based at least in part on the available services for LINK2, and then transmit second service request reply626to upstream node114wherein a router200of upstream node114may update routing table618based at least in part on second service request reply626. Routing table information614may then reflect routing table618, wherein digital object600may include routing table information614that indicates to intermediary nodes114the path or paths that digital object600should take in network100. Accordingly, node114may then forward digital object600to downstream node114based at least in part on the available services of the link, LINK2, between node114and downstream node114, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 7, a block diagram of a network for transmitting a digital object from a source node to a destination node where the destination node requests the digital object to be sent in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. As shown inFIG. 7, destination node118may send service request700to source node110via ISP116, intermediary nodes114, and/or ISP112on network100. Service request700may be a request made by destination node118to source node110to transmit digital object600from source node110to destination node118based on one or more services. Furthermore, in yet another embodiment, any other node such as intermediary nodes and/or proxy nodes acting on behalf of another node such as source node110, intermediary nodes114, and/or destination node118, for example, may request the transmission of digital object600. Likewise, source node110and/or destination node118may together request and/or otherwise agree to a transfer of digital object600, for example as a result of a handshake between source node110and/or destination node118, and/or between at least one of source node110and/or destination node118, intermediary nodes114, and/or one or more proxy nodes. In one or more embodiments, a handshake may refer to a challenge handshake authentication protocol (CHAP) type authentication between a network server and a client device, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. A handshake may occur via direct communication between two or more nodes, and/or alternatively a handshake may occur via indirect communication between two or more nodes, for example using electronic mail. In one or more embodiments, a proxy may refer to a server, node, and/or client device that may operate to provide, implement, process and/or intercept requests on behalf of given other server, node, and/or client device, and/or to operate interposed between a first server, node, and/or client device and second server, node, and/or other client device. Such a proxy may operate to provide, implement, process, and/or intercept a request on behalf of and/or in lieu of at least one of such a server, node, and/or client device, and/or may operate as an agent of at least one of such a server, node, and/or client device, and in one or more embodiments may appear to other servers, nodes, and/or client devices on network100as if though it were in fact the server, node, and/or client device for which such a proxy may be acting as an agent thereof. Such a proxy and/or an agent may be implemented on any one or more of source node110, ISP112, intermediary nodes114, ISP116, and/or destination-node118, and/or on other nodes on network100, or alternatively on a different network than network100. In one or more embodiments, such a proxy and/or agent may be utilized to implement one or more specialized functions as part of the overall process and/or processes for transmitting digital object600via network100. For example, if digital object600were a larger sized object that could be broken up into one or more smaller sized objects and/or packets for more efficient transmission, a proxy that specializes such breaking up of a digital object into one or more smaller objects may be utilized. Other such specialized functions of a proxy and/or agent may exist, for example compression, decompression, recombining, billing, charging, and so on. However, these are merely examples of how a proxy and/or agent may operate on network100, and the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

In one embodiment, service request700may include, for example, a specified delivery quality and/or service level. For example, service request700may include an indication that digital object600be transmitted from source node110to destination node118at a higher level of quality of service. As another example, service request700may include an indication that digital object be transmitted at a predetermined time (e.g., at a specific time) and/or with a predetermined priority. When source node110receives service request700, source node110may prepare digital object600for delivery to destination node118, for example by adding one or more payloads610to digital object600, and/or by adding digital object information612to digital object600where digital object information612may be based at least in part on service request700. Source node110then transmits digital object600to ISP112. Router200of ISP112may send service request700to one or more intermediary nodes114on network100to determine which path and/or paths may be suitable for transmission of digital object600to destination node118based at least in part on digital object information612contained in digital object600, which it turn may be based at least in part on service request700. ISP112may obtain first service request reply622from one or more nodes114, where first service request reply622may include available services information for a link between ISP112and one or more of nodes114, and/or available services information for a link between one or more of nodes114of network100. In general, link information may be any type of digital object information. In one or more embodiments, the digital object information may be stored separately from the digital object, at least in part, for example as a separate object, and/or may be transmitted separately from the digital object, at least in part, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. ISP112may then arrange a routing table616based at least in part on first service request reply622and digital object information612reflecting at least in part service request700, and then ISP112may add routing table information614to digital object600. In one or more embodiments, a digital transmission form may be utilized for routing table information614, and/or alternatively a digital transmission form may be utilized in lieu of routing table information614, and/or in combination with routing table information614. In one or more embodiments, routing table information614may comprise a digital transmission form. ISP112may then transmit digital object600via intermediary nodes114of network100based at least in part on routing table information614until digital object reaches ISP116which may then transmit digital object600to destination node118, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 8, a flow diagram of a method for transmitting a digital object from a source node to a destination node where the destination node requests the digital object to be sent in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. Method800as shown inFIG. 8may include one or more of blocks810through830and may be implemented in any order, not necessarily in the order shown inFIG. 4. Furthermore, an implementation of method800may include fewer and/or more blocks than shown inFIG. 8, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. As shown for example with respect toFIG. 7, method800ofFIG. 8may be implemented via network100such as shown for example inFIG. 1andFIG. 3, and may be executed via network100as shown in and described with respect toFIG. 8. At block810, destination node118may send to source node110service request700for digital object600to be transmitted from source node110to destination node118. Service request700sent by destination node118may include, for example, information specifying a desired level and/or quality of service. When source node110receives service request700from destination node118, source node110may prepare digital object600at block812for transmission to destination node118based at least in part on information contained in service request700, for example by adding one or more payloads610to digital object600. At block814, source node110may transmit digital object600to ISP112where digital object600may include digital object information612that is based at least in part on information contained in service request700such as, for example, a desired level and/or quality of service specified by source node118. In one or more embodiments, the digital object information may be stored separately from the digital object, at least in part, for example as a separate object, and/or may be transmitted separately from the digital object, at least in part, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. ISP112receives digital object600, and at block816ISP112may determine the available services from one or more intermediary nodes114of network100. Based at least in part on the determined available services, ISP112at block818may determine a routing table616based at least in part on the determined available services and/or the desired level and/or quality of service specified by source node118in service request700that may be reflected at least in part by digital object information612of digital object600. At block820, ISP112may add routing table information614to digital object600where routing table information614may reflect at least in part routing table616.

When routing table information614is added to digital object600, at least one or more predetermined paths on network100may be specified by routing table information614to allow digital object600to be forwarded to destination node118. ISP112may transmit digital object600at block822to one or more intermediary nodes114of network100based at least in part on routing table information614. An intermediary node or nodes that receive digital object600or at least a portion and/or a packet thereof, may forward digital object600at block824to another node or nodes114on network100based at least in part on routing table information614contained in digital object600until digital object600reaches destination node118at block828. Optionally, at block826, one or more intermediary nodes114may update routing table information614of digital object600if the available services change during transmission, where updated routing table information614may reflect at least in part any change and/or changes to the available services, for example an available quality of service of transmission between any two or more nodes114, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Optionally, payment for services provided in receiving and/or forwarding the digital object may be arranged at block830, for example where source node110may pay ISP112and/or one or more intermediary nodes114, and/or ISP112may pay one or more intermediary nodes114, for example, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 9, a wireless network in accordance with or more embodiments will be discussed. Wireless network900may comprise, for example, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), wireless personal area network (PAN), and/or a cellular telephone network. In wireless network900shown inFIG. 9, client910may be for example a mobile or remote unit such as a mobile computer and/or information handling system, a desktop computer, and/or a cellular telephone, for example. Client910may include a transceiver912, and/or a transmitter (TX) and/or a receiver (RX) that may comprise an analog front end and/or radio circuitry to couple to antenna918. Client910may include a processor914to provide baseband and/or media access control (MAC) processing functions. In one embodiment, processor914may comprise a single processor, and/or alternatively may comprise a baseband processor and/or an applications processor and/or a digital signal processor, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Processor914may couple to memory916which may include volatile memory such as dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), non-volatile memory such as flash memory, and/or alternatively may include other types of storage such as a hard disk drive or optical disk drive, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Memory916or a portion thereof may be included on the same integrated circuit as processor914, and/or alternatively memory916or a portion thereof may be disposed on an integrated circuit and/or other medium, for example a hard disk drive, that is external to the integrated circuit of processor914, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Client910may communicate with access point922via wireless communication link932, where access point922may include at least one antenna920, transceiver924, processor926, and/or memory928. In an alternative embodiment, access point922and/or optionally client910may include two or more antennas918and/or920, for example to provide a spatial division multiple access (SDMA) system and/or a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) system, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Access point922may couple with network100which may be the same network as shown inFIG. 1,FIG. 3,FIG. 6, and/orFIG. 7for example, so that client910may communicate with network100, including communicating with devices and/or nodes114coupled to network100, by communicating with access point922via wireless communication link932. Network100may include, for example, a public network such as a telephone network and/or the Internet, and/or alternatively network100may include a private network such as an intranet, and/or a combination of a public and/or a private network, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Communication between client910and/or access point922may be implemented via a wireless personal area network (WPAN) standard such as a network in compliance with the WiMedia Alliance, and/or a wireless local area network (WLAN) and/or a wireless wide area network (WWAN), for example a network compliant with an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n, (collectively known as WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (known as WiMax), HiperLAN-II, HiperMAN, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), and so on, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In another embodiment, communication between client910and/or access point922may be at least partially implemented via a cellular communication network compliant with a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP or 3G) standard, a Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) standard, Code Division Multiple access (CDMA), Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Enhanced Data for Global Evolution (EDGE), Evolution Data Only (EV-DO), Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Flash-OFDM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and/or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and/or the like, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In one or more embodiments, client910may correspond to source node110and/or destination node118. Likewise, access point922may correspond to ISP112and/or ISP116, and/or one or more of nodes114. In one particular embodiment, access point922may be implemented in router200where router200may be a wireless router and/or wireless access point, for example. Similarly, access point922may be a base station of a cellular telephone network, for example Node B equipment of a UMTS Radio Access Network (RAN) and/or UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN). However, these are merely examples of a wireless network, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Referring now toFIG. 10, a flow diagram of a method for routing two or more digital objects in accordance with one or more embodiments will be discussed. Method1000as shown inFIG. 10may include one or more of blocks1010through1026and may be implemented in any order, not necessarily in the order shown inFIG. 10. Furthermore, an implementation of method1000may include fewer and/or more blocks than shown inFIG. 10, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In one embodiment, ISP112may receive a first digital object at block1010to be transmitted via network100to one or more destination nodes118. ISP112may also receive a second digital object at block1012also to be transmitted via network100to one or more destination nodes118, which may be the same destination nodes118in whole or in part that the first digital object is to be transmitted to, and/or one or more other destination nodes118. ISP112may receive the second digital object from the same source node110it receives the first digital object from, or it may receive the second digital object from another source node110. In an alternative embodiment, one or more source nodes114and/or another ISP116may also implement method1000in the like manner as ISP112. At block1014, ISP112may determine available services that ISP112may provide itself, and/or available services that one or more nodes114on network100may provide. If the available services have changed from a previous query of available services, router200of ISP112may update one or more routing tables accordingly at block1016. At block1018, ISP112may compare the digital object information of the first digital object, the digital object information of the second digital object, and/or the available services. Optionally, at block1020ISP112may also compare the requested services, such as the priority and/or quality of service, specified in the digital object information of the first digital object with the requested services specified in the digital object information of the second digital object. In one or more embodiments, the digital object information may be stored separately from the digital object, at least in part, for example as a separate object, and/or may be transmitted separately from the digital object, at least in part, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. At block1022, ISP112may arrange one or more routing tables for the first digital object and/or the second digital object based on the comparison of block1018and/or based on the requested services at block1020in view of the available services determined at block1014. In one embodiment, if the level of requested services of one digital object is greater than the level of requested services of the other digital object, the digital object having the higher level of requested services may be assigned a transmission path on network100having a higher level of available services. In another embodiment, if the level of requested services of one digital object is the same as and/or comparable to the level of requested services of the other digital object, then the two or more digital objects may be assigned the same and/or similar transmission path in network100having the same level of requested services. In another embodiment, two or more digital objects may be assigned different transmission paths in network100, and may be assigned different routing tables. At block1024, ISP112may forward the first digital object and the second digital object based at least in part on the routing tables assigned to the digital objects, and/or based at least in part on the determined available services on network100. Optionally, payment for services provided in receiving and/or forwarding the digital object may be arranged at block1026, for example where source node110may pay ISP112and/or one or more intermediary nodes114, and/or ISP112may pay one or more intermediary nodes114, for example, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. However, these are merely examples of how two or more digital objects may be routed via network100, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.

Although the claimed subject matter has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it should be recognized that elements thereof may be altered by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and/or scope of the claimed subject matter. It is believed that digital object routing based on a service request and/or many of its attendant advantages will be understood by the forgoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and/or arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and/or spirit of the claimed subject matter or without sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form herein before described being merely an explanatory embodiment thereof, and/or further without providing substantial change thereto. It is the intention of the claims to encompass and/or include such changes.