Blade quality monitor

A blade quality monitor for use with cutter reels having specifically identifiable blades utilize a sensor to detect the position of a physical anomaly on the reel. Additional sensors sense the force at the interface between the cutter reel, the material wrapped thereon and the associated pressure roller. The position of the physical anomaly is correlated with the sensed force to determine the magnitude thereof at each blade which is indicative of the condition of the blade with respect to sharpness or intactness.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to the field of cutting elongated material 
such as tow into shorter lengths and more particularly to dynamically 
sensing the pressure exerted by the blades performing the cutting 
operation. In even greater particularity, the invention relates to sensing 
the pressure exerted at each blade of the cutter to determine the quality 
of the blade. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The basic principles of the art are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,485,120 
issued Dec. 20, 1969. As is well known, continuous filamentary material 
such as tow may be cut into short, spinnable lengths by wrapping the tow 
about a revolving reel carrying a plurality of radially and outwardly 
facing, equally spaced knives or cutter blades. A pressure roller is 
forced against the outer surface of the material wound about the reel so 
that the material is cut into short lengths from the inside of the coil or 
winding thereof. By using razor-like blades which are accurately equally 
spaced about the reel, uniform lengths of fibers are continuously cut as 
the apparatus revolves. 
The art was improved on in U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,361 issued July 10, 1973 and 
assigned to the assignee hereof wherein it was recognized that holding the 
pressure roller to its work by an unyielding means had some undesirable 
consequences. The U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,361 patent disclosed mounting the 
pressure roller for movement toward or from the reel assembly, and sensing 
the pressure of the fiber against the roller to effect such movement away 
from the reel assembly. 
In this manner, the sharpness of the blades was monitored to indicate when 
they should be replaced. While the apparatus built in accordance with 
these teachings were satisfactory, they leave something to be desired in 
terms of monitoring the quality of the individual blades. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is the object of this invention to monitor the condition of the blades 
on a cutter apparatus and provide a dynamic indication of the status of 
each blade. 
It is a further object of the invention to improve the quality of the 
material processed by the apparatus by providing means for assuring that 
the blades are at their optimum sharpness. 
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an indication of blade 
condition which can be keyed to specific identifiable blades in the cutter 
apparatus. 
These and other objects and advantages are accomplished in our apparatus by 
various improvements over the prior art which combine to provide a blade 
quality monitor of excellent quality. Essentially our device must sense 
the force exerted by the two on the pressure roller and correlate the 
pressure with a specific blade in the cutter assembly. The force exerted 
by the tow is sensed by a sensor or sensors mounted substantially in a 
plane intersecting the axis of the pressure roller and the axis of the 
cutter reel and detecting forces directed in the plane perpendicular to 
the axes of the pressure roller and reel. The forces are transmitted to 
the sensors by structures including the pressure roller which have 
minimized masses to reduce inertial damping of the force signals. The 
sensors are mounted on a high mass base and biased toward contact with the 
transmitting structures. 
The specific blade is correlated with pressure through the use of a 
position sensor which detects the passage of a known point on the reel by 
a fixed point on the frame of the apparatus. The information supplied by 
this sensor and the force sensors are supplied to a CPU which correlates 
the signals to determine the force associated with each blade and displays 
the result on a human sensible indicator such as a CRT. 
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
Apparatus embodying features of our invention are depicted in the 
accompanying drawings which form a portion of this application and 
wherein: 
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a portion of a cutter apparatus employing our 
invention; 
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the pressure roller and yoke of one 
embodiment of our invention taken along line 2--2 in FIG. 1; 
FIG. 3 is an end view of the yoke mounting structure taken along line 3--3 
of FIG. 2; 
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken through the center of the pressure roller 
along line 4--4 of FIG. 2; 
FIG. 5 is a pictorial schematic diagram of the connection of the sensors to 
the CPU and indicator device of our invention;

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
It is to be understood that the present invention is an improvement to the 
process and apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,361 owned by the 
common assignee herewith and the teachings of which are incorporated 
herein by reference. Referring now to the drawings for a better 
understanding of our invention, we show the same as embodying a driven 
blade carrying reel indicated generally at numeral 10 and a pressure 
roller 11 which is mounted for movement substantially radially toward and 
from reel 10. As is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,485,120, the material to 
be cut into short lengths is wound onto the reel 10 in successive layers 
and the reel 10 carries a plurality of usually equally spaced razor-like 
blades 12 with their cutting edges outwardly directed. When the pressure 
roller is held at a given, precise distance from the ends of the blades 12 
the innermost layers of the material wound on the reel are cut and fall 
out as short lengths of material which are conveyed away from the 
apparatus in the manner understood and as is well-known and forms no part 
of our invention. 
As is known, when the blades 12 become so dull as to improperly cut the 
lengths of material, the pressure between the roller-material-blades 
increases to the extent that it can be detected. Likewise, insertion of a 
blade 12 on the reel 11 may be backwards which results in increased 
pressure or a blade 12 may be broken or missing which results in decreased 
pressure. 
With reference to FIG. 1, it may be seen that the reel 10 is mounted for 
driven rotation in the known manner and may be provided with a hub 14 and 
shaft 16. The specific type reel assembly depends on the material and the 
length of the staple to be cut, however certain features of the reel are 
germane to this invention. Specifically, the reel 10 is provided with a 
physically detectable anomaly 17 such as a gap in the reel, a magnetic 
anomaly, a reflective surface or any other like anomaly that may be 
detected as the reel 10 rotates. Mounted proximal the reel 10 in a 
cooperative position at a fixed point for sensing the anomaly 17 is a 
detector or sensor 18 which will generate an electrical signal indicative 
of the position of the anomaly as it passes the fixed or reference point. 
Each of the blades 12 in the reel are provided with a visibly discernible 
designation such as a alpha-numeric code, which identifies each blade 12 
relative to the anomaly 17. 
The pressure roller 11 is carried by a roller assembly 20 pivotally mounted 
to a frame member 21 via a pivot shaft 22. The assembly 21 includes a 
massive base 23 pivotally mounted on shaft 22 and connected distal the 
shaft 22 to an actuator 24, shown in FIG. 1 as a hydraulic cylinder. The 
actuator moves the assembly 20 selectively to a position where the roller 
11 engages the material on the reel 10 and to a position whereat the 
roller 11 is displaced from the reel 10. A sensor 26, such as a limit 
switch is cooperatively positioned to generate an electronic signal 
indicative of the position of the assembly 20. 
It will be appreciated that the actuator 24 and the pivotal mounting of the 
roller assembly 20 are exemplary and merely conform to the customary 
method of mounting a pressure roller. It is to be understood that the 
roller 11 and assembly 20 may be mounted on any actuator structures which 
selectively move the same radially with respect to reel 10. 
The pressure roller 11 is of lightweight construction, hollow in the 
embodiment shown, and is mounted to the massive base 23 by a lightweight 
yoke 27 which is mounted on a pivot shaft 28 carried by the massive base 
23. A low mass shaft 29 carried by the yoke 27 supports a set of roller 
bearings 31 and the roller 11. The yoke 27 is designed to be rigid and 
resist torsion, with minimum weight obtained through yoke contour design 
and material choice. The yoke pivot 28 is located to allow movement of the 
pressure roller bearings 31 substantially in the direction of a line 
through the center of the pressure roller 11 and reel 10 and perpendicular 
to their axis. Movement of the yoke 27 about the pivot shaft 28 is limited 
by a stop 32 mounted to the base 23. A pair of legs 33 extend from the 
yoke 27 toward the base 23 at each end of and perpendicular to the 
lightweight shaft 29 to cooperatively contact a pair of sensors 34 mounted 
in base 23. The sensors 34 are each mounted in a well 36 formed in the 
base 23 and retained therein by a stop member 37. A spring 38 resiliently 
biases each sensor against the stop members 37 with a force of 
predetermined quantity less than the failure force of the sensor 34. Thus, 
if the force transmitted to the sensors 34 is excessive, the springs 38 
are compressed and the sensors 34 are unharmed. The sensors provide a 
dynamic electric output proportional to the magnitude of the force applied 
thereto. The sensors 34 are located one on either side of the pressure 
roller 11 to sense the forces substantially along a line through the 
centerline of the pressure roller 11 and the reel 10 and perpendicular to 
their axes. 
It may be seen that the apparatus described thus far includes sensors 
providing information on three types of data. Sensor 18 indicates passage 
of the physical anomaly 17 by the fixed reference point. Sensor 26 
indicates whether the pressure roller 11 is engaging the material to be 
cut and sensors 34 indicate the force being exerted at the pressure 
roller-material, reel interface. The data from these sensors is provided 
to a programmable computer 39 which includes in its database pertinent 
information about the specific reel 10 including such information as the 
number of blades 12, the spacing between the blades 12, the diameter of 
the reel 10 and the arc formed by the blades 12. With such information and 
the data provided by the sensors 18, the computer 39 is readily 
programmable to determine the position of the physical anomaly 17 at any 
time, and to determine the position of each blade at any time. The data 
provided by the sensors 34 is used by the computer to determine the force 
at the pressure roller 11 interface at any time, and the input from sensor 
26 allows the computer 39 to identify the data input by sensor 34 as 
background data generated when the pressure roller 11 is not engaging the 
material or as data indicative of the forces in existence when the roller 
11 is fully engaged. 
The combination of information provided allows the computer 39 to correlate 
the forces sensed by sensors 34 with the position of the individual blades 
12 and thus monitor the condition of the individual blade 12 rather than 
the gross monitoring of the prior art. Further, the computer 39 provides a 
visual indication of the individual blade condition on a display monitor 
41. For example, it may be convenient to generate a bar graph representing 
the force correlation for each blade 12 as shown in FIG. 5. The bars on 
the graph may be identified with the individual blades by the same 
alpha-numeric designator as appears on the reel 10 such that the operator 
can readily correlate the bar graph display to the blade. Also provided is 
a keyboard 42 which allows the operator to input data, control the 
operation of the apparatus, or change selected parameters. For example, 
depending on the type of reel and material, it may be desirable to provide 
visual and/or audio signals via an indicator 43 or the monitor 41 which 
indicate that the force associated with an individual blade 12 reaches 
various magnitudes. It may be desirable to change these magnitudes from 
the keyboard 42. Likewise, data may need to be entered concerning 
parameters of the particular material being cut or to assist in correcting 
the forces sensed for various physical reasons. 
In operation, the apparatus is first calibrated with actuator 24 extended 
such that the pressure roller 11 is withdrawn from reel 10 and sensor 26 
is engaged by the reel assembly 20. Sensors 34 send data to the computer 
39 indicative of the non-loaded condition thus providing a reference level 
signal. Actuator 24 then moves the roller assembly 20 into its operating 
position. As the sensor 18 and 34 send their signals to the computer 39, 
it correlates these signals and generates the display on monitor 41. As a 
blade 12 becomes dulled, the forces associated with that blade increase 
and are displayed on the monitor 41. Likewise, if a blade 12 is missing or 
broken, the resultant variation in pressure will be detected by the system 
and displayed on the monitor. The operator upon observing the variation in 
force with an individual blade can decide which blade is the aberrant 
blade simply by referring to the alpha-numeric indicators on the monitor 
41 and reel 11. Thus replacement of such blades is greatly facilitated. 
The apparatus may also be programmed to give a warning to the operator upon 
specified conditions sensed by sensors 34 and may in fact stop the cutter 
apparatus on the basis of such forces. For example, if a blade became dull 
while the cutter was unattended or escaped notice by the operator, the 
system can be programmed to stop or give a warning at a specified force 
level. The spring loaded sensors 34 would, of course, be protected from 
excessive force by the compression of springs 38. Also as is well known, 
the reel 10 rotates at speeds up to several hundred rpm thus the use of 
the computer 39 allows the force on each blade 12 to be averaged over 
several revolutions such that a non-recurring aberration in the data 
relative to one blade does not result in an alarm condition. Also, the use 
of the computer 39 in the monitoring system allows the input data from the 
sensors to be corrected for speed associated phenomena which might yield 
erroneous results. 
From the foregoing, it may be seen that the present invention is a great 
improvement over the apparatus and method of U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,361 in 
that it provides enhanced capability to monitor the dynamic condition of 
each blade rather than gross pressure sensing and response. 
While we have shown our invention is one form, it will be obvious to those 
skilled in the art that it is not so limited but is susceptible of various 
changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.