Optomechanical scanning apparatus for copying machine

A horizontal platen is translatable through a first exposure position above a photoconductive drum for supporting bulky original documents such as books. A first focussing optical fiber array is disposed between the first exposure position and the drum. A sheet feed mechanism is provided at a second exposure position for feedingly scanning original documents in the form of sheets. The second exposure position is on a circle concentric with the first exposure position and a second focussing optical fiber array is disposed between the second exposure position and the drum. The sheet feed mechanism is located below the platen. A directed light source is movable to selectively direct light to the first or second exposure position. In one form of the invention only one focussing optical fiber array is provided which is movable between the first exposure position and the drum or between the second exposure position and the drum.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an optomechanical scanning apparatus for 
an electrostatic copying machine. 
Until recently, electrostatic copying machines were designed for either 
general purpose copying or copying original documents in sheet form. The 
general purpose machines comprise a glass platen which can support a 
sheet, book or other original document placed face down thereon. An 
optical system focusses a light image of the original document onto a 
photoconductive drum or the like to form an electrostatic image through 
localized photoconduction. The electrostatic image is developed by means 
of a toner substance to form a toner image which is transferred and fixed 
to a copy sheet to provide a permanent reproduction of the original 
document. 
The general purpose machines further comprise a reciprocating system for 
scanning the document. Either the optical system or the platen is moved 
relative to the drum to scan the document. Since only the forward portion 
of the reciprocation is used for scanning, the return portion of the 
reciprocation constitutes wasted time. 
The type of copying machine for sheets only increases the copying speed by 
eliminating the return portion of the reciprocation. This is accomplished 
by maintaining the platen and optical system stationary and feeding the 
original document relative to the drum. The sheet feed may be automated 
since the sheets are fed in only one direction. The obvious disadvantage 
of this type of machine is that it can not be used for original documents 
such as books. 
To overcome these drawbacks, combination machines have been developed 
recently which combine scanning systems for both bulky and sheet documents 
into a single machine. In one type, both a platen and sheet feed mechanism 
are provided as an integral unit and are movable relative to a fixed 
optical system for copying bulky documents. This type of machine has the 
disadvantage that a large drive motor is required to move the heavy sheet 
feed mechanism in addition to the platen, thereby adding to the size and 
cost of the machine to a disproportionate extent. 
To overcome the drawback of this type of combination copying machine, 
another type has been developed in which the platen and sheet feed 
mechanism are held stationary and the optical system is movable for 
copying bulky documents. This type of machine suffers from the 
disadvantage of all copying machines comprising movable optical systems in 
that the optical systems are complicated and expensive to manufacture and 
difficult to maintain in alignment. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention overcomes these drawbacks of the prior art by 
providing a combination copying machine comprising a movable platen for 
bulky documents and a fixed sheet feed mechanism for documents in sheet 
form. The exposure positions of the platen and sheet feed mechanism lie on 
a circle concentric with the axis of a photoconductive drum. Fixed 
focussing optical fiber arrays are provided between the platen and drum 
and between the sheet feed mechanism and the drum respectively. A common 
directed light source is movable to selectively direct light at the platen 
or sheet feed mechanism. In one form of the invention only one optical 
fiber array is provided and is movable between the platen and the drum or 
between the sheet feed mechanism and the drum. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an optomechanical 
scanning apparatus for an electrostatic copying machine which is capable 
of scanning bulky documents such as books and documents in sheet form at 
maximum speed. 
It is another object of the present inventon to provide a scanning 
apparatus which is more versatile and efficient but less complicated and 
costly than comparable apparatus known heretofore. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a generally 
improved optomechanical scanning apparatus for an electrostatic copying 
machine. 
Other objects, together with the foregoing, are attained in the embodiments 
described in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying 
drawing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
While the optomechanical scanning apparatus of the invention is susceptible 
of numerous physical embodiments, depending upon the environment and 
requirements of use, substantial numbers of the herein shown and described 
embodiments have been made, tested and used, and all have performed in an 
eminently satisfactory manner. 
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing, a prior art electrostatic copying 
machine is generally designated by the reference numeral 11 and comprises 
a photoconductive drum 12 which is rotated counterclockwise at constant 
speed. A glass platen 13 is provided to support a bulky original document 
such as a book 14 face down and is movable in the leftward direction for 
scanning along a horizontal support 16. 
Integral with the platen 13 is a sheet feed mechanism 17 which comprises 
inlet feed rollers 18, outlet feed rollers 19, a transparent lower plate 
21 and an upper guide plate 22. The sheet feed mechanism 17 further 
comprises a cover 23 and a guide plate 24 which is hinged to the left edge 
of the platen 13, swingable to a tilted position as illustrated and 
supported in the tilted position by means of a hook 26 connected to the 
cover 23. The guide plate 24 is oriented toward the bite of the inlet feed 
rollers 18 for guiding an original document in the form of a sheet 27 
thereto. 
The copying machine 11 further comprises an expsoure optical system which 
is generally designated as 28 and includes a directed light source 29 
which directs or radiates light to an exposure position 31. A light image 
of a linear portion of the book 14 or sheet 27 in the exposure position 31 
is reflected from plane mirrors 32 and 33 through a converging lens 34 
which focusses the light image on the drum 12. 
To copy the book 14, the platen 13 and sheet feed mechanism 17 are 
initially moved leftwardly until a left edge of the platen 13, designated 
as 13a, occupies the exposure position 31. Then, the platen 13 and 
mechanism 17 are moved leftwardly at the same surface speed as the drum 12 
thereby scanning the book 14 and progressively forming an electrostatic 
image of the book 14 on the drum 12 through localized photoconduction. The 
electrostatic image is developed by application of a toner substance, 
transferred and fixed to a copy sheet although these operations are not 
illustrated. After the scanning operation is completed, the platen 13 and 
mechanism 17 are moved rightwardly until the left edge 13a of the platen 
13 again occupies the exposure position 31. 
To copy the sheet 27, the platen 13 and mechanism 17 are moved to the 
position illustrated in which the center of the plate 21 occupies the 
exposure position 31. The feed rollers 18 and 19 are rotated clockwise and 
the sheet 27 slid down the guide plate 24 into the bite of the rollers 18. 
The rollers 18 and 19 are rotated at such a speed as to feed the sheet 27 
through the exposure position 31 at the same surface speed as the drum 12. 
The copying machine 11 suffers from the above described drawback that the 
platen 13 and sheet feed mechanism 17 must be moved integrally for copying 
bulky documents, and that the power requirements for such movement are 
disproportionately large. Furthermore, the movement of such a heavy mass 
tends to be unstable unless the frame and drive means are made 
disproportionately heavy and rigid. 
FIG. 2 shows a second type of prior art copying machine which is generally 
designated as 41 and comprises a rotary photoconductive drum 42. A 
stationary glass platen 43 is provided to support books and the like. A 
stationary sheet feed mechanism 44 which is essentially similar to the 
sheet feed mechanism 17 and will not be described in detail is provided 
leftwardly of the platen 43 to feed original documents in sheet form as 
indicated by an arrow 46. An exposure optical system 47 comprises a light 
source 48, plane mirrors 49 and 51 and a converging lens 52 which serve 
the same functions as the corresponding elements in FIG. 1. However, the 
light source 48 and mirror 49 are moved rightwardly at the same surface 
speed as the drum 42 for scanning bulky documents and the mirror 51 is 
also moved rightwardly but at one-half the surface speed of the drum 42. 
To copy a sheet, the optical system 47 is moved to the solid line position 
and the sheet (not shown) is fed through the sheet feed mechanism 44. The 
optical system 47 is maintained stationary and the sheet is scanned by 
means of movement thereof through the sheet feed mechanism 44. 
To copy a book (not shown) or the like supported face down on the platen 
43, the optical system 47 is initially moved to the phantom line position. 
Then, the light source 48, mirror 49 and mirror 51 are moved rightwardly 
as described above to scan the book. The optical system 47 is returned to 
the phantom line position after scanning. 
The copying machine 41 suffers from the drawback of a complicated and 
expensive optomechanical scanning system. Furthermore, the upwardly 
protruding sheet feed mechanism 44 disposed immediately adjacent to the 
platen 43 interferes with the placement of oversize documents on the 
platen 43. It is difficult or impossible to copy a portion of a very large 
book such as an atlas which is larger than the platen 43 since the 
mechanism 44 prevents the protruding portion of the book from being laid 
flat on the upper surface of the copying machine 43. 
These drawbacks are completely overcome in an electrostatic copying machine 
61 of the present invention which is illustrated in FIG. 3. The machine 61 
comprises a housing 62 which supports therein a photoconductive drum 63 
for clockwise rotation at constant speed. A corona charging unit 64 
applies a uniform electrostatic charge to the drum 63 prior to exposure. A 
magnetic brush type developing unit 66 comprises a dielectric cylinder 67 
which is rotated closely adjacent to the drum 63 and a hopper 69 for 
applying a dry powdered toner substance onto the cylinder 67. A multi-pole 
magnet 68 fixed inside the cylinder 67 attracts the toner substance to the 
cylinder 67 to form a magnetic toner brush thereon. The magnetic brush 
develops an electrostatic image on the drum 63 to form a toner image. Feed 
rollers 71 and 72 feed the top sheet from a stack of copy sheets 73 
provided in a cassette 74 into the bite of a clamp 76. The clamp 76 is 
spanningly fixed between two endless chains 77, only one of which is 
visible in the drawing, which in turn are trained around sprockets 78 and 
79. As the leading edge of the toner image on the drum 63 approaches the 
clamp 76, the chains 77 are rotated counterclockwise thereby feeding the 
sheet 73 in pressing engagement with the drum 63 in such a manner that the 
sheet 73 registers with the toner image. A transfer charger 81 applies an 
electrostatic charge to the back of the sheet 73 which causes the toner 
image to be transferred to the sheet 73. The sheet 73 is then conveyed 
through a thermal fixing unit 82 which fuses the toner image to the sheet 
73. Feed rollers 83, 84 and 86 convey the sheet 73, upon release of the 
clamp 76, into a discharge tray 87 from which the finished copy may be 
removed for use. 
Subsequent to transfer, a light source 88 and corona discharging unit 89 
dissipate the electrostatic charge on the drum 63. The drum 63 is then 
rotated through a second revolution in which the developing unit 66 
functions as a cleaning unit to remove any residual toner substance from 
the drum 63. Further illustrated in FIG. 3 is a blower 91 which blows air 
rightwardly thereof to cool the various components of the copying machine 
61. 
The copying machine 61 further comprises an optomechanical scanning 
apparatus embodying the present invention which is generally designated as 
92. The scanning apparatus 92 comprises a horizontal glass platen 93 which 
is movably supported on the upper surface of the housing 62. A downwardly 
slanting guide 94 is provided to the right edge of the platen 93. 
The platen 93 is horizontally translatable in the righward direction 
through an exposure position 96 for scanning bulky original documents such 
as books placed on the platen 93. A focussing optical fiber array 97 is 
provided between the exposure position 96 and the drum 63 to focus a light 
image of a linear portion of the document onto the drum 63. The platen 93 
is moved at the same surface speed as the drum 63 for scanning. The 
exposure position 96 is illuminated by a directed light source 98 which 
comprises a lamp 99 and a reflector 101. 
The scanning apparatus 92 is illustrated in enlarged form in FIG. 4, and is 
shown as further comprising a sheet feed mechanism 102 provided below the 
platen 93 in a generally slanted attitude. The sheet feed mechanism 102 
comprises a transparent glass plate 103 provided at an exposure position 
104. An endless belt 106 driven by rollers 107 and 108 in the 
counterclockwise direction feeds an original document in the form of a 
sheet 109 over the surface of the plate 103 and thereby through the 
exposure position 104. The guide 94 aids in feeding the sheet 109 into the 
bite of the belt 106. A receiving tray 105 is provided to receive the 
sheets after they are fed through the mechanism 102. The sheets are 
stacked face down in the tray 105 in the same order they were fed through 
the mechanism 102. 
Another focussing optical fiber array 111 is provided between the exposure 
position 104 and the drum 63 to focus a light image of a linear portion of 
the sheet 109 onto the drum 63. The sheet 109 is fed by the belt 106 at 
the same surface speed as the drum 63, thereby scanning the sheet 109 and 
forming an electrostatic image thereof on the drum 63. A microswitch 112 
provided at the inlet of the mechanism 102 is closed by the leading edge 
of the sheet 109 and triggers the copying cycle. 
In accordance with an important feature of the present invention, the sheet 
feed mechanism 102 is provided below the platen 93 so that the platen 93 
clears the mechanism 102 during scanning movement thereof. The mechanism 
102 does not protrude above the surface of the platen 93 so that a large 
book such as an atlas can be advantageously supported by the platen 93 for 
copying. 
The exposure positions 96 and 104 are designed to lie on a circle 
concentric with the drum 63. The arrays 97 and 111 are identical, and 
identical images are formed thereby on the drum 63. The lamp 99 is 
disposed on a line bisecting the angle between the center of the drum 63 
and the exposure positions 96 and 104, or circumferentially halfway 
between the exposure positions 96 and 104. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the 
reflector 101 is rotatable so as to selectively direct light to the 
exposure position 104 as shown in solid line or to the exposure position 
96 as shown in phantom line. Shutters 113 and 114 are provided to block 
the optical path of the array 97 or 111 respectively which is not being 
used for exposure. The reflector 101 is formed with a slot 101a through 
which air may be blown by the blower 91, thereby increasing the cooling 
effect thereof. 
FIGS. 5 to 9 illustrate modified embodiments of the present invention in 
which like or corresponding elements are designated by the same reference 
numerals. In FIG. 5, a light source 116 comprising a lamp 117 and 
reflector 118 is not provided halfway between the exposure positions 96 
and 104 but is moved in an arc concentric with the drum 63 and rotated 
between a solid line position and a phantom line position as illustrated. 
In these two positions, the light source 116 is closer to the respective 
exposure positions than in the previous embodiment in which the light 
soruce 98 is always halfway between the exposure positions 96 and 104. The 
light source 116 directs light at the same distance from and at the same 
angle to the exposure positions 96 and 104. 
FIG. 6 illustrates an addition to the copying machine 61 comprising a plate 
119 hinged to the guide 94 by a shaft 121. The plate 119 is movable 
between a horizontal position shown in solid line in which it constitutes 
an extension of the platen 93 and a tilted position shown in phantom line 
in which it is oriented toward the inlet of the sheet feed mechanism 102. 
In the horizontal position the plate 119 aids in the support of large 
books by the platen 93. In the tilted position the plate 119 provides a 
long guide surface for feeding sheets into the sheet feed mechanism 102. 
FIG. 7 illustrates a similar plate 122 which is hinged to the guide 94 by a 
shaft 123. A resilient pad 124 is provided on the lower surface of the 
plate 122. 
The plate 122 is movable between a horizontal phantom line position in 
which it serves as a pressure plate for pressing a book or the like flat 
against the platen 93 and a vertical phantom line position for allowing 
documents to be placed on and removed from the platen 93. The plate 122 
may further be latched in a tilted position illustrated in solid line in 
which it is oriented toward the inlet of the sheet feed mechanism 102. The 
tilted position is slected for copying sheets since the plate 122 
consitutes an elongated guide surface for feeding sheets through the 
mechanism 102. 
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 8 in which the 
arrays 97 and 11 are replaced by a unitary focussing optical fiber array 
126. The array 126 as well as a light source 127 are movable in an arcuate 
manner concentrically with the drum 63 to selectively occupy the positions 
of the array 97 and 111 as indicated in solid and phantom line 
respectively. 
FIG. 9 illustrates a drive mechanism 128 for moving the array 126 between 
the two positions, which comprises a support 129 to which the array 126 
and light source 127 are rigidly fixed. Pins 131 and 132 extending from 
the support 129 engage in an arcuate slot 133 formed in a guide plate 134. 
The slot 133 is concentric with the drum 63. A chain 136 which is trained 
around pulleys 137, 138 and 139 is fixed to the support 129. Driving 
rotation of one of the pulleys 137 to 139 causes the support 129 and 
thereby the array 126 and light source 127 to be guidingly moved between 
the solid and phantom line positions as illustrated. A latch lever 142 is 
controlled by a solenoid 141 to engage the pin 131 and hold the support 
129 in the solid line position where desired. 
In summary, it will be seen that the present invention provides a 
combination copying machine for both bulky documents and sheets which 
maximizes copying speed and efficiency. The components of the copying 
machine are of reduced size, complexity and cost compared to the prior art 
and do not interfere with the placement of original documents for copying. 
Various modifications will become possible for those skilled in the art 
after receiving the teachings of the present disclosure without departing 
from the scope thereof. For example, the light source 98 may be replaced 
by a directional fluorescent lamp or the like. Since it is more 
advantageous to control the exposure intensity utilizing focussing optical 
fiber arrays by means of varying the level of electrical power applied to 
the light source 98 than by using a diaphragm, such exposure control means 
may be provided although not shown. It is further possible to proportion 
the copying machine 63 so that the sheet feed mechanism 102 is capable of 
handling sheet documents which are twice as long as the maximum document 
length which can be accomodated on the platen 93. It is further possible 
to add an automatic device for feeding original sheet documents from a 
stack to the sheet feed mechanism 102.