Drilling deck bushing

A bushing for the deck of drilling rig in which slowly rotating drilling pipe (drill string) move downwardly to form a bore in the earth. The bushing includes an outer shell, an inner shell mounted for rotation within the outer shell and an elastomeric bushing mounted within the inner shell for rotation therewith. The bushing is formed of a plurality of arcuate segments which are snugly fitted against the drilling pipe by a garter spring which allows for limited expansion of the segments with respect to each other to accommodate pipe of differing diameters. The end portions of the segments overlap one another so that as the bushing is expanded, a seal against dust and fluids is maintained.

This invention relates to a rotary bushing, and more particularly, the 
invention relates to a bushing through which pipe passes for drilling into 
the earth as, for example, in a drilling rig used for drilling holes to 
form air shafts to underground mines. 
The drilling rig is mounted on a deck or drilling platform overlying the 
position where an air shaft will be formed in the earth to a mine below 
the drilling rig. A long string of pipe passes through a hole in the deck, 
the pipe being rotated at about 200 rpm as it slowly descends through the 
earth creating the air shaft bore. 
As the pipe rotates and descends, there is lateral movement which tends to 
cause the pipe to bang against the drilling deck and which causes the pipe 
to wear, thereby reducing its outside diameter. Dust and fluids are thrown 
up by the drilling operation and will tend to flow upwardly through any 
opening in the drilling deck. 
There are presently known rotary bearings which are mounted between the 
deck and pipe and consist of a metallic inner collar which rotates with 
the pipe and an outer collar fixed to the deck with ball bearings in 
between. Such rotary bearings will minimize the wear on the pipe (drill 
string) but they are very expensive. 
An objective of the present invention has been to provide a rotary bushing 
which is less expensive than the known rotary bearings. 
It has been another objective of the present invention to provide a rotary 
bearing which will accommodate different outside diameters of pipe. 
It has been another objective of the invention to provide a rotary bushing 
which forms a seal around the pipe, regardless of whether it has been worn 
by substantial use, the seal preventing dust and the like from flowing 
upward onto the drilling deck. 
It has been another objective of the present invention to minimize wear on 
the drill string. 
It has been another objective of the invention to provide a rotary bushing 
which reduces shock on the drill string and the deck as it moves laterally 
and tries to bang the deck. 
The objectives of the present invention are achieved by providing a new 
rotary bushing having an outer shell, an inner shell which rotates with 
respect to the outer shell and an elastomeric bushing which is blocked 
against rotation with respect to the inner shell. The elastomeric bushing 
is segmented into preferably four arcuate segments so that it can contract 
against the smaller diameter or worn pipe or can expand to accommodate the 
larger diameter new pipe. A garter spring or elastomeric band fitted 
around the outer circumference of the elastomeric bushing draws the 
segments tightly against the outer surface of the pipe. The segments have 
at their end portions overlapping elements so that even with expansion of 
the segments a dust seal is maintained around the pipe. 
Several advantages are derived from the rotary bushing as described in 
addition to its comparatively low cost. First, the expandable and 
contractable segments with their overlapping elements allow the bushing to 
expand and contract and thus accommodate the pipe in the drill string as 
it wears and its diameter changes. In expanding and contracting, while 
remaining snug around the pipe, a seal is maintained around the pipe 
preventing dirt and fluids from exiting around the pipe. 
Second, the elastomeric nature of the segments and the garter spring which 
holds the sections against the pipe provide a gripping action causing the 
bushing to turn with the drill string. Thus, the only wear on the drill 
string arises out of its downward movement and thus wear on the pipe of 
the drill string is minimized. This lengthens the usual life of the drill 
string compared to existing static deck bushings. 
Third, the elastomeric nature of the bushing segments provides a cushion 
for absorbing shock from the drill string as it tends to move laterally. 
This feature of the invention minimizes premature failure of the pipe in 
the drill string and even damage to the deck plates themselves due to 
excessive stresses.

The drilling rig shown at 10 in FIG. 1 consists of tall scaffolding or 
tower 11 supported on a deck or drilling platform 12. A pipe rotating 
assembly 13 is mounted for vertical movement on the scaffolding 11, the 
assembly being connected to cables or chains 14 which are driven by a 
motor 15 to raise and lower the assembly. The assembly includes a motor 18 
which rotates pipe 19 connected to the assembly as the assembly is slowly 
lowered into the earth below the drilling deck 12. The pipe passes through 
a bushing 20 secured to the deck 12. 
The rotary bushing 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. It includes an outer 
shell 25, an inner shell 26 and an elastomeric bushing 27. The outer shell 
25 and the inner shell 26 have upper and lower seals 30 between them. 
Grease fittings 31 are provided in the outer shell in order to apply a 
lubricating grease into the space 32 between the outer and inner shells. 
An annular flange 34 projects inwardly from the outer shell and provides 
support for the inner shell as well as the elastomeric bushing. 
The inner shell is formed by an upper sleeve 36 and a lower collar 37 which 
is secured to the upper sleeve by one or more pins 38 and bolts 39. The 
sleeve 36 and collar 37 create between them an external annular recess 40 
which receives the annular flange 34 on the outer shell and maintains the 
axial position of the inner shell with respect to the outer shell. 
The sleeve 36 also presents a shoulder 42 which provides axial support for 
the elastomeric bushing 27. The elastomeric bushing 27 is best illustrated 
in FIG. 2 and consists of a plurality of segments 46. In the illustrated 
embodiment, four segments 46 are shown. It should be understood that the 
number of segments can be varied as long as they collectively can be 
fitted around pipe and have the capability of expanding and contracting 
while maintaining the dust seal. 
The segments are identically formed. Each has arcuate inner and outer 
surfaces 47 and 48, respectively, and lateral edge surfaces 49 and 50, 
respectively. When the lateral surfaces are in abutting relation, the 
inner surfaces 47 combine to provide a cylinder which grips the pipe and 
the outer surfaces 48 present a generally cylindrical surface which fits 
within the sleeve 36 of the inner shell. 
The lateral edge 49 of each segment has an upwardly-facing shoulder 51 and 
the opposed lateral edge surface 50 has a downwardly-facing shoulder 52 
which overlaps the upwardly-facing shoulder 51 to provide a dust seal 
between adjacent segments even though the segments are spread apart as 
they accommodate a larger diameter pipe. 
Each outer surface 48 has a recess 55 which receives an abutment 56 (FIGS. 
4 and 6). The recess 55 has an inclined abutment surface 57 which engages 
an inclined surface 58 on the abutment 56 and prevents rotation of the 
elastomeric bushing with respect to the inner shell as the pipe rotates 
and tends to drag the elastomeric bushing. Thus, the elastomeric bushing 
drives the inner shell in rotation with respect to the outer shell during 
the operation of the invention. Further, it will be observed that when the 
drill string 19 rotates clockwise, it will tend frictionally to drag the 
elastomeric segments clockwise causing the engaged cam surfaces 57 and 58 
to cam the segments inwardly into snug engagement with the pipe. 
A garter spring or resilient band 60 surrounds the four segments and draws 
them radially inwardly snugly against the pipe. 
After the segments of the elastomeric bushing are positioned in the inner 
shell to rest upon the shoulder 42, a washer 62 and a snap ring 63 placed 
in a groove 64 in the upper end of the inner shell secures the elastomeric 
bushing against axial movement with respect to the inner shell. 
In the operation of the invention, the bushing is assembled as shown 
generally in FIG. 3 and the pipe 19 passes through it. As shown in FIGS. 3 
and 4, the pipe 19 has a large outer diameter. As a consequence, the 
arcuate elastomeric segments of the bushing are spread apart and may 
actually have their outer surfaces in contact with the inner surface of 
the shell 26. Even though spread apart, the overlapping shoulders 51 and 
52 provide a complete circular seal around the pipe to prevent dust from 
flowing up past the pipe onto the deck of the drilling rig. The garter 
spring or elastomeric band 60 holds the segments snugly against the pipe. 
Also, the cooperating abutments 56 and 57 maintain the arcuate segments in 
an equiangular relationship with respect to one another as the pipe 
rotates, thus avoiding the bunching up of the segments at one side of the 
pipe. 
If a worn pipe 19 of smaller diameter passes through the bushing (FIGS. 5 
and 6), the garter spring 60 will cause the segments to contract and 
maintain a snug relationship with the pipe so as to continue to maintain a 
dust seal through the bushing. 
As the pipe 19 rotates, it will carry the elastomeric bushing with it in 
rotary fashion. The elastomeric bushing will in turn, through the 
abutments 56 and 57, cause the inner shell 26 to rotate with respect to 
the outer shell 25. Since the only relative movement between the pipe and 
the elastomeric bushing is the descending movement of the pipe as it moves 
into the earth below, the wear on the pipe is minimized. The lateral 
movement of the pipe with respect to the drilling platform will be 
substantially entirely absorbed by the elastomeric material, thereby 
reducing the shock on the pipe as well as the shock on the plates of the 
drilling platform, thereby minimizing the possibility of damage to either.