Method for automated laboratories of developing photographic films and a magazine for storing rolls of film for implementing the method

The whole of the technical and commercial data relative to each film is picked up by means of an electronic processing unit and these data are memorized on a data base. The rolls of film are stored in a structured storage member with the position of each roll being identified and memorized on the data base, the said storage member serving as intermediary between the pick-up unit and the splicer, so as to dissociate the pick-up and the splicing and render these two operations not immediately interdependent in time. The magazine comprises one compartmented container of circular shape, each compartment being arranged to receive one roll. The compartments for receiving the rolls are arranged in a spiral along one face of a disc.

The invention is concerned with a method of developing photographic films 
for automated laboratories in which the films of the same format are dealt 
with in groups thanks to an operation of splicing (automatic opening of 
the rolls and automatic connection of the films end-to-end). It is equally 
concerned with a magazine for storing rolls of film and a device for 
implementing the method. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
More than 95% of photographic films which are sold and used at present are 
of 135 format, which makes great rationalization possible and highly 
efficient automation of the developing. 
For this purpose the large laboratories for developing photographic films 
are equipped with various machines which are arranged for treating a large 
number of films in a chain so as to reduce human intervention as far as 
possible. 
These large laboratories generally receive the films to be dealt with 
enclosed individually in pouches enabling them to be sent, for example, 
through the post. Thus the first operation to be carried out consists in 
sorting the pouches as a function of the various technical and commercial 
criteria such, in particular, as the matt or glossy character of the paper 
and the format of the printing. 
Once the pouches have been sorted according to these criteria, the films 
which answer one and the same definition are assembled end-to-end so that 
they form one long ribbon enabling treatment truly in series. 
In order to group the films into one continuous ribbon of film, machines 
are employed which allow a plurality of films to be connected 
automatically in series. These machines (daylight film splicers) are 
arranged so as to enable an operator to introduce the rolls of film into 
them while still closed, the machine carrying out automatically and in 
absolute darkness the opening of the rolls, the unwinding of the films and 
the connection of the films end-to-end, which enables the operator to work 
in daylight. Previously, in fact, the operators used to stick the films 
together by hand and hence had to work in an infra red ambient. A machine 
of this type is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,151. 
Each splicer is coupled to a data unit equipped with a station for picking 
up data, which enables data which is individual to the order associated 
with each roll of film, to be picked up in succession for each roll just 
before the introduction of the roll into the machine. Thus the association 
of the data picked up with the physical film is effected by correspondence 
between the order in which the data are picked up and the order in which 
the films are placed end-to-end. 
In an automated laboratory the orders are generally dealt with the very day 
they are received. In order to be able to absorb rapidly the daily bulk of 
the films to be dealt with, it must be possible to carry out very rapidly 
the splicing of the different types of film. In order to achieve this 
there is scarcely any other possibility than to provide a large number of 
splicers working in parallel simultaneously. Now, splicers being very 
costly machines, the cost of investment by a laboratory becomes 
considerably burdened. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The aim of the present invention is to propose a method which enables the 
number of splicers necessary for satisfactory operation of an automated 
photographic laboratory to be reduced. 
For this purpose the invention is concerned with a method for automated 
laboratories of developing photographic films in which the films of the 
same format are treated in groups thanks to an operation of splicing 
(automatic opening of the rolls and automatic connection of the films 
end-to-end). The invention is also concerned with a magazine for storing 
rolls of film as well as a device for implementing the foregoing method. 
Since the method in accordance with the invention enables the picking up of 
the data to be dissociated from the operation of splicing, the splicer 
recovers its true function, that is, the connection of the films. This 
work no longer becomes delayed by the associated operation consisting in 
picking up the data, which hitherto was carried out before the 
introduction of each roll of film into the splicer. The splicer can thus 
reach its full working capacity, that is, a rate of the order of 600 films 
dealt with per hour. 
One of the immediate and substantial advantages which result is that the 
splicer may be coupled at the head of no matter what chain of development. 
In fact the most highly perfected chains of photographic development that 
one is in a way to achieving today, which are called maxilab, enable one 
to hope for maximum rates dictated by the rate of the slowest machine, 
that is, the unit for exposure of printing paper to light. At present the 
maximum rates are of the order of 600 films per hour, that is to say, of 
about 18000 pictures per hour. In order that the rate of the chain may be 
able to approach this maximum rate it is of course necessary that none of 
the stages along the chain delay this overall rate to an appreciable 
extent. 
Now the fastest rates that can be obtained with a splicer coupled to a 
pick-up unit are of the order of 200 films per hour. This limited rate is 
due to the fact that the work is composed on the one hand of picking up 
the data from the orders and on the other hand of opening the roll and 
connecting the film to the preceding film. A delay in picking up the data 
from an order involves a delay in the subsequent treatment of the roll 
concerned. Similarly a delay or a blockage in the opening of the roll or 
the connection of the film delays the pick-up of the data from the order 
associated with the next roll. 
Other advantages of the method of the invention will become apparent from 
the description which follows, given by way of example and referring to 
the drawing in which:

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The method of the invention is intended for dealing in groups with films of 
the same format, in particular of 135 format. For each of the rolls of 
film, in a first stage the pick-up and memorization of the technical and 
commercial data relative to the film contained in the roll is carried out, 
in particular the data from the order indicated on the pouch containing 
the roll of film, as well as the DX specifications of the film, as 
mentioned on the roll. Then the roll is introduced into one of a plurality 
of structured storage magazines intended to serve as intermediaries 
between the pick-up unit and the splicer, the choice of the magazine being 
determined as a function of the type of order associated with the film, 
each magazine being associated with one of the order criteria at the 
disposal of the client. At the time of this operation the number of the 
magazine as well as the position of the roll in the magazine are 
identified and memorized. The foregoing operations are repeated for all or 
some of the films to be developed, after which the magazines--after they 
have been grouped as a function of the same type of order--may be loaded 
into a splicer, where this splicer may be coupled to a chain of 
development at the head of the chain. 
The block diagram of FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a device for 
implementing the method of the invention. This device comprises a unit for 
receiving rolls of film, which enables storage of the rolls in six 
different magazines 51 to 56 in accordance with the type of order relative 
to each roll. The magazines are connected to a control device 50 which is 
intended in particular for controlling the opening of a flap obstructing 
the opening 2 from one or other of the magazines and/or the lighting of a 
pilot light arranged at the side of the opening from each of the 
magazines, as a function of the type of order relative to the roll 
concerned. For this purpose, the control device 50 is connected, for 
example, by a line of RS-232 type or of parallel type, to an electronic 
processing unit 59 (for example, a personal computer) equipped with a 
keyboard 60, 61 and a screen 62. An optical reading device 64 which 
enables identification of the client and reading of the order indicated on 
the envelope, as well as a reader 65 arranged for automatic reading of the 
data proper to the roll (DX) are likewise connected to the electronic unit 
59. In addition a unit for printing labels, 66 intended for dealing with 
pouches which are unlabelled, may also be connected to the electronic unit 
59. A cutting device 57 intended for opening the envelopes is on the other 
hand connected to the control device 50. 
The arrangement described above enables one single operator to carry out 
the pretreatment of a large quantity of rolls of film by carrying out in 
succession on the one hand the pick-up of the order data relative to the 
roll and on the other hand the storage of the roll in one of the magazines 
appropriate as a function of the order data. The traditional operation of 
presorting is thus eliminated. The operator starts by opening the envelope 
containing the roll by means of the knife 57, then he identifies the type 
of film by presenting the roll to the optical reader 65, whereas the 
identification of the client and the reading of the data are effected by 
optical reading of the data mentioned upon the envelope, by means of the 
optical reader 64. As a function of the type of order indicated on the 
envelope, the electronic unit 59 will automatically transmit a signal to 
the control device 50 which then selects the magazine concerned and orders 
the opening of the loading flap of this magazine and/or the lighting or 
flashing of a lamp arranged on the said magazine at the side of its 
opening. The operator then has but to introduce the film into the magazine 
concerned, the number of which is in addition indicated upon the control 
device 50. During the whole cycle of treatment of one order the data 
picked up by the readers 64 and 65 are indicated on the screen 62, which 
enables the operator to check the whole time the accuracy of the data 
picked up. In the case where the openings in the magazines are equipped 
with closure flaps, it is impossible for the operator to pick the wrong 
magazine since only the magazine concerned is opened. If the said openings 
do not have closure flaps the presence of the pilot lamp considerably 
restricts the risks or errors. When the roll has been introduced into the 
magazine concerned, the disc of this magazine is moved automatically in 
order to position the next free compartment opposite the opening 2 in the 
magazine. In parallel with the foregoing operations the corresponding data 
are memorized thanks to the electronic unit 59. 
The presence of the six magazines in the device which has just been 
described enables the distribution of the rolls according to six criteria 
that have been proposed by the client for his order. It may, for example, 
be a question of three different photo formats (for example 9/13, 10/15 
and 13/19) combined with a choice of the printing being done on glossy or 
matt paper. Of course the invention is not restricted to a device having 
six magazines but the number of magazines may equally well be more or less 
than six as a function of the number of order criteria that it is desired 
to propose to the client. 
Such a device enables the errors in pick-up to be eliminated, which can 
occur with the traditional organization of work. 
In accordance with one embodiment represented in FIG. 2, the magazine 1 is 
of rectangular outer shape. It is equipped on its upper face with an 
opening 2 intended for loading and unloading the rolls of films. As shown 
partially in section in FIG. 3 the magazine comprises a baseplate 3 which, 
for example, is of aluminum, and an upper plate 4 which, for example, is 
of plexiglass, shaped so as to form with the plate 3 and side elements the 
casing of the magazine. A disc 20 intended to serve as a support for 
storage of the rolls of film is mounted inside this casing. The mounting 
of the disc inside the casing is realized so that the disc can on the one 
hand turn about itself thanks to the action of a motor 5 coupled to a 
reduction gear 6, the motion of rotation being on the other hand combined 
with a motion of translation inside the casing along a direction parallel 
with the edge 11 of the magazine. The combination of rotation and 
translation enables the compartments in the magazine to be positioned in 
succession opposite the opening 2 for loading/unloading the rolls of film. 
For this purpose, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 the disc includes on its rear 
face a groove 21 in the form of a spiral, the spiral having as in the 
example of FIG. 4, four-and-a-half turns. The spacing of the turns which 
form the groove, measured at the axis 22 of the groove, is substantially 
greater than the outer diameter of one roll of film. The groove 21 is 
intended for receiving a roller 26 for support and guidance, which is 
mounted permanently on the baseplate 3 and will be described later. In 
FIG. 4, in order to simplify the drawing, only the start and finish of the 
groove 21 are represented. 
The central driving mechanism consisting of the motor 5 and reduction gear 
6 is housed at the center of the disc, inside a circular hole 33 machined 
in the center of the disc. This mechanism is mounted on a support 8 in the 
form, for example, of a plate of hardened steel integral with two roller 
pinions 9, 9' mounted to slide between two plates or small longitudinal 
bars 7 of hardened steel, for example, attached to the baseplate 3 and 
forming a linear guide for the driving mechanism (from top to bottom and 
vice versa in FIG. 3). Only one of the small bars 7 is visible in FIG. 3, 
the second bar being hidden by the first. The driving of the disc 20 by 
the motor 5 is carried out by way of the reduction gear 6 acting by way of 
a pinion upon a toothed ring 34 mounted at the periphery of the central 
hole 33 in the disc. A roller pivot 10 mounted on the edge of the plate 8 
is housed inside a circular groove 35 at the surface of the disc 20 so as 
to maintain the distance between the pivot of the reduction gear and the 
gearing inside the toothed ring when the disc is turned under the action 
of the motor. 
The motion of rotation of the disc 20 is combined with a motion of 
translation in the direction 37 longitudinal to the interior of the casing 
1, thanks to the presence of the guide roller 36 mentioned above (see FIG. 
2). This roller is attached to the baseplate so as to lie substantially 
below the opening 2 for introduction-ejection of the rolls of film. 
Because the roller 36 is housed in the spiral groove 21 (the axis 22 of 
which is sketched in FIG. 2) in the disc 20, when the disc turns the 
spiral groove 21 is moved over the roller 36, which drives the disc in 
translation. The position of the roller 36 on the baseplate is chosen so 
that when the disc is turning the compartments 28 become positioned 
opposite the opening 2 for introduction-ejection. 
The front face of the disc (FIG. 4) is arranged so as to form compartments, 
each intended for receiving one roll of film, the compartments being 
arranged in a spiral on the surface of the disc opposite the spiral 
"ribbon" formed by the groove 21. For this purpose each of the 
compartments is bounded by two positioning springs 31, 32 (FIG. 8), the 
first spring 31 in the shape of a hairpin having two arms which become 
embedded in holes 26, 26' in the surface of the disc 20, the second spring 
32 having only one arm which becomes embedded in a hole 27 in the surface 
of the disc, the holes 26, 26' and 27 being arranged on a imaginary circle 
28 of diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of a roll. In 
addition, each compartment comprises a seating 23 cut in the surface of 
the disc and intended for receiving the protruding portion of circular 
shape situated at the end of a roll of film. The bottom of each of the 
seatings 23 is pierced with a hole 24 of smaller diameter than that of the 
seating and intended for passing through an ejection pusher which under 
the effect of an electromagnet acts upon the head of the roll when the 
latter is to be expelled from the magazine. The portion of the disc which 
corresponds with the bottom of each seating includes in addition two holes 
25, 25' within which are seated magnetized rods intended for contributing 
to holding the roll in place in its seating. These magnetized rods have on 
the other hand the function of enabling exact the positioning of the disc 
opposite the opening 2 of the magazine at the location of the compartment 
concerned, in order to introduce into it or withdraw a roll of film, the 
said magnetized rods cooperating for this positioning with pick-ups 
arranged on the baseplate 3 opposite the opening 2 in the magazine. 
The disc represented in FIG. 4 is arranged for receiving 128 films. Such an 
arrangement enables the realization, for example, of a magazine of outer 
dimensions of 53 by 44 centimeters, which makes of it an easily portable 
object both for its size and its weight. Here the advantage may be noted 
of the magazine which has just been described, with respect to a magazine 
with vertical stacking, for example, which in order to contain 128 films 
would have to have a height of 3 meters 20 (135 format films having an 
outer diameter of about 25 millimeters). The foregoing data are of course 
given only by way of example and magazines of different dimensions and/or 
able to receive a number of rolls of film higher or lower than 128 may 
equally well be realized according to the same principle. 
Besides the advantages already mentioned, the method of the invention 
enables a device for implementing it to be realized at little cost. This 
is the case with the device described above by way of example. Hence one 
can multiply this device very easily without making the cost of a 
laboratory for treatment too heavy. Again, the magazines for intermediate 
storage of the rolls of film enable a splicer to be fed which is coupled 
in line at the start of a chain of photographic development, without the 
rate of the chain being any longer delayed by picking up the order data or 
by the introduction and testing of the rolls of film, since these 
operations have been carried out in a previous step.