High foaming nonionic surfactant base liquid detergent comprising gelatin beads

A high foaming, nonionic surfactant based, light duty, liquid detergent with desirable cleansing properties and mildness to the human skin comprising a water soluble nonionic surfactant, a sulfate anionic surfactant, a sulfonate anionic surfactant, a water soluble, foaming zwitterionic betaine surfactant, an oil containing gelatin bead, a clay and water.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to novel light duty liquid detergent 
compositions with high foaming properties, containing a nonionic 
surfactant, two anionic surfactants, a zwitterionic betaine surfactant, 
gelatin beads containing an oil, Laponite clay and the balance being 
water. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Nonionic surfactants are in general chemically inert and stable toward pH 
change and are therefore well suited for mixing and formulation with other 
materials. The superior performance of nonionic surfactants on the removal 
of oily soil is well recognized. Nonionic surfactants are also known to be 
mild to human skin. However, as a class, nonionic surfactants are known to 
be low or moderate foamers. Consequently, for detergents which require 
copious and stable foam, the application of nonionic surfactants is 
limited. There have been substantial interest and efforts to develop a 
high foaming detergent with nonionic surfactants as the major ingredient. 
Yet, little has been achieved. 
The prior art is replete with light duty liquid detergent compositions 
containing nonionic surfactants in combination with anionic and/or betaine 
surfactants wherein the nonionic detergent is not the major active 
surfactant, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,658,985 wherein an anionic based 
shampoo contains a minor amount of a fatty acid alkanolamide. U.S. Pat. 
No. 3,769,398 discloses a betaine-based shampoo containing minor amounts 
of nonionic surfactants. This patent states that the low foaming 
properties of nonionic detergents renders its use in shampoo compositions 
non-preferred. U.S. Pat. No. 4,329,335 also discloses a shampoo containing 
a betaine surfactant as the major ingredient and minor amounts of a 
nonionic surfactant and of a fatty acid mono- or di-ethanolamide. U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,259,204 discloses a shampoo comprising 0.8-20% by weight of an 
anionic phosphoric acid ester and one additional surfactant which may be 
either anionic, amphoteric, or nonionic. U.S. Pat. No. 4,329,334 discloses 
an anionic-amphoteric based shampoo containing a major amount of anionic 
surfactant and lesser amounts of a betaine and nonionic surfactants. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,129 discloses a liquid cleaning composition based on 
the alkali metal silicate content and containing five basic ingredients, 
namely, urea, glycerin, triethanolamine, an anionic detergent and a 
nonionic detergent. The silicate content determines the amount of anionic 
and/or nonionic detergent in the liquid cleaning composition. However, the 
foaming property of these detergent compositions is not discussed therein. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,515 discloses a heavy duty liquid detergent for 
laundering fabrics comprising a mixture of substantially equal amounts of 
anionic and nonionic surfactants alkanolamines and magnesium salts, and, 
optionally, zwitterionic surfactants as suds modifiers. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,195 discloses an aqueous detergent composition for 
laundering socks or stockings comprising a specific group of nonionic 
detergents, namely, an ethylene oxide of a secondary alcohol, a specific 
group of anionic detergents, namely, a sulfuric ester salt of an ethylene 
oxide adduct of a secondary alcohol, and an amphoteric surfactant which 
may be a betaine, wherein either the anionic or nonionic surfactant may be 
the major ingredient. The specific class of anionics utilized in this 
patent is the very same group of anionic detergents expressly excluded in 
present invention in order to eliminate the alkanol ethoxylate sulfation 
process and the potential dioxane toxicity problem. Furthermore, this 
patent finds heavily foaming detergents undesirable for the purpose of 
washing socks. 
The prior art also discloses detergent compositions containing all nonionic 
surfactants as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,154,706 and 4,329,336 wherein the 
shampoo compositions contain a plurality of particular nonionic 
surfactants in order to effect desirable foaming and detersive properties 
despite the fact that nonionic surfactants are usually deficient in such 
properties. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,013,787 discloses a piperazine based polymer in 
conditioning and shampoo compositions which may contain all nonionic 
surfactant or all anionic surfactant. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,450,091 discloses high viscosity shampoo compositions 
containing a blend of an amphoteric betaine surfactant, a polyoxybutylene 
polyoxyethylene nonionic detergent, an anionic surfactant, a fatty acid 
alkanolamide and a polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty ester. But, none of the 
exemplified compositions contains an active ingredient mixture wherein the 
nonionic detergent is present in major proportion, probably due to the low 
foaming properties of the polyoxybutylene polyoxyethylene nonionic 
detergent. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,526 describes a composition comprising a nonionic 
surfactant, a betaine surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a C.sub.12 
-C.sub.14 fatty acid monoethanolamide foam stabilizer. 
However, none of the above-cited patents discloses a high foaming, liquid 
detergent composition containing a nonionic surfactant, two high foaming 
anionic surfactants, a zwitterionic surfactant selected from betaine type 
surfactants, an oil containing gelatin bead, a Laponite clay and water 
wherein the composition does not contain any polymeric thickeners such as 
xanthan gum or polyacrylic acids. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It has now been found that a high foaming liquid detergent has desirable 
cleaning properties, mildness to the human skin. 
Accordingly, one object of the invention is to provide novel, high foaming, 
light duty liquid detergent compositions containing a nonionic surfactant, 
oil containing gelatin beads and a Laponite clay. 
Another object of this invention is to provide novel, liquid detergent 
compositions containing a nonionic surfactant, two anionic surfactants, a 
zwitterionic betaine surfactant, a clay, oil containing gelatin beads and 
water, wherein the composition does not contain any builder salts, 
polymeric thickeners, alkyl glycine surfactant, cyclic imidinium 
surfactant, N-polyvinyl pyrrolidone homopolymer, copolymer of N-polyvinyl 
pyrrolidone and dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate, or abrasives. 
Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel, liquid 
detergent with desirable high foaming and cleaning properties which is 
mild to the human skin. 
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be 
set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will 
become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the 
following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and 
advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the 
instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the 
appended claims. 
To achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the 
purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein 
the novel, high foaming, nonionic based, light duty liquid detergent of 
this invention comprises four essential surfactants a water soluble, 
ethoxylated, nonionic surfactant, two anionic surfactants selected from 
the group consisting of water soluble organic sulfates and organic 
sulfonates, and a zwitterionic surfactant selected from the class of 
betaines, a clay, an oil containing gelatin bead, wherein the composition 
does not contain any amine oxide, formate, HETDA, abrasives, builder 
salts, polymeric thickeners, fatty acids, alkyl glycine surfactant or 
cyclic imidinium surfactant. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a light duty liquid cleaning composition 
which comprises approximately by weight: 
(a) 9% to 30% of a nonionic surfactant; 
(b) 0.5 to 8% of a zwitterionic surfactant; 
(c) 0.25% to 6% of an anionic sulfonate surfactant; 
(d) 2% to 15% of an anionic sulfate surfactant; 
(e) 0 to 4% of an alkyl monoethanol amide; 
(f) 0.1% to 2.5% of a Laponite clay; 
(g) 0.05% to 2% of an oil containing gelatin beads; and 
(h) the balance being water. 
The nonionic surfactant which constitutes is present in amounts of about 9% 
to 30%, preferably 13% to 25%, by weight of the composition. The water 
soluble nonionic surfactants utilized in this invention are commercially 
well known and include the primary aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, 
secondary aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates and 
ethylene-oxide-propylene oxide condensates on primary alkanols, such a 
Plurafacs (BASF) and condensates of ethylene oxide with sorbitan fatty 
acid esters such as the Tweens (ICI). The nonionic synthetic organic 
surfactants generally are the condensation products of an organic 
aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound and hydrophilic ethylene 
oxide groups. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxy, 
hydroxy, amido, or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to the 
nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the polyhydration 
product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a water-soluble nonionic 
detergent. Further, the length of the polyethenoxy chain can be adjusted 
to achieve the desired balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic 
elements. 
The nonionic surfactant class includes the condensation products of a 
higher alcohol (e.g., an alkanol containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in 
a straight or branched chain configuration) condensed with about 5 to 30 
moles of ethylene oxide, for example, lauryl or myristyl alcohol condensed 
with about 16 moles of ethylene oxide (EO), tridecanol condensed with 
about 6 to moles of EO, myristyl alcohol condensed with about 10 moles of 
EO per mole of myristyl alcohol, the condensation product of EO with a cut 
of coconut fatty alcohol containing a mixture of fatty alcohols with alkyl 
chains varying from 10 to about 14 carbon atoms in length and wherein the 
condensate contains either about 6 moles of EO per mole of total alcohol 
or about 9 moles of EO per mole of alcohol and tallow alcohol ethoxylates 
containing 6 EO to 11 EO per mole of alcohol. 
A preferred group of the foregoing nonionic surfactants are the Neodol 
ethoxylates (Shell Co.), which are higher aliphatic, primary alcohol 
containing about 9-15 carbon atoms, such as C.sub.9 -C.sub.11 alkanol 
condensed with 8 moles of ethylene oxide (Neodol 91-8), C.sub.12-13 
alkanol condensed with 6.5 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 23-6.5), 
C.sub.12-15 alkanol condensed with 12 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 25-12), 
C.sub.14-15 alkanol condensed with 13 moles ethylene oxide (Neodol 45-13), 
and the like. Such ethoxamers have an HLB (hydrophobic lipophilic balance) 
value of about 8-15 and give good O/W emulsification, whereas ethoxamers 
with HLB values below 8 contain less than 5 ethyleneoxide groups and tend 
to be poor emulsifiers and poor detergents. 
Additional satisfactory water soluble alcohol ethylene oxide condensates 
are the condensation products of a secondary aliphatic alcohol containing 
8 to 18 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain configuration 
condensed with 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of commercially 
available nonionic detergents of the foregoing type are C.sub.11 -C.sub.15 
secondary alkanol condensed with either 9 EO (Tergitol 15-S-9) or 12 EO 
(Tergitol 15-S-12) marketed by Union Carbide. 
Other suitable nonionic surfactants include the polyethylene oxide 
condensates of one mole of alkyl phenol containing from about 8 to 18 
carbon atoms in a straight- or branched chain alkyl group with about 5 to 
30 moles of ethylene oxide. Specific examples of alkyl phenol ethoxylates 
include nonyl phenol condensed with about 9.5 moles of EO per mole of 
nonyl phenol, dinonyl phenol condensed with about 12 moles of EO per mole 
of dinonyl phenol, dinonyl phenol condensed with about 15 moles of EO per 
mole of phenol and di-isoctylphenol condensed with about 15 moles of EO 
per mole of phenol. Commercially available nonionic surfactants of this 
type include Igepal CO-630 (nonyl phenol ethoxylate) marketed by GAF 
Corporation. 
Condensates of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with sorbitan mono- and tri- 
C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 alkanoic acid esters having a HLB of 8 to 15 also may 
be employed as the nonionic detergent ingredient in the described shampoo. 
These surfactants are well known and are available from Imperial Chemical 
Industries under the Tween trade name. Suitable surfactants include 
polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan 
monostearate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate and polyoxyethylene 
(20) sorbitan tristearate. 
The anionic sulfonate surfactant, which is an essential ingredient of 
present liquid detergent composition, constitutes about 0.25% to 6%, 
preferably 0.5% to 5%, by weight thereof and provides good foaming 
properties. 
The anionic sulfonate surfactants are water soluble such as triethanolamine 
and include the sodium, potassium, ammonium and ethanolammonium salts of 
linear C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 alkyl benzene sulfonates and C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 
paraffin sulfonates. The preferred paraffin sulfonate is present in the 
composition as the sodium salt at a concentration of about 0.25 to about 6 
wt. %, more preferably about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %. 
The anionic sulfate surfactant is present in the composition at a 
concentration of about 2 to about 15 wt. %, and more preferably about 4 to 
about 13 wt. %. The anionic sulfate surfactants are water soluble such as 
triethanolamine and include the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of 
C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkyl sulfates such as lauryl sulfate and myristyl 
sulfate and the like. 
The water-soluble zwitterionic surfactant, which is also an essential 
ingredient of present liquid detergent composition, constitutes about 0.5 
to 8%, more preferably 1.0 to 6%, by weight and provides good foaming 
properties and mildness to the present nonionic based liquid detergent. 
The zwitterionic surfactant is a water soluble betaine having the general 
formula: 
##STR1## 
wherein X.sup.- is selected from the group consisting of CO.sub.2.sup.- 
and SO.sub.3.sup.- and R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 10 to about 20 
carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, or the amido radical: 
##STR2## 
wherein R is an alkyl group having about 9 to 19 carbon atoms and a is the 
integer 1 to 4; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each alkyl groups having 1 to 3 
carbons and preferably 1 carbon; R.sub.4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene 
group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and, optionally, one hydroxyl group. 
Typical alkyldimethyl betaines include decyl dimethyl betaine or 
2-(N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammonia) acetate, coco dimethyl betaine or 
2-(N-coco N, N-dimethylammonia) acetate, myristyl dimethyl betaine, 
palmityl dimethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl 
betaine, stearyl dimethyl betaine, etc. The amidobetaines similarly 
include cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine and the like. A 
preferred betaine is coco (C.sub.8 -C.sub.18) amidopropyl dimethyl 
betaine. Two preferred betaine surfactants are Rewoteric AMB 13 and 
Golmschmidt Betaine L7. 
All of the aforesaid four ingredients in this light duty liquid detergent 
are water soluble or water dispersible and remain so during storage. 
This particular combination of two anionic surfactants and betaine 
surfactant, provides a detergent system which coacts with the nonionic 
surfactant to produce a liquid detergent composition with desirable 
foaming, foam stability, detersive properties and mildness to human skin. 
Surprisingly, the resultant homogeneous liquid detergent exhibits the same 
or better foam performance, both as to initial foam volume and stability 
of foam in the presence of soils, and cleaning efficacy as an anionic 
based light duty liquid detergent (LDLD). 
The oil containing gelatin beads which function as a moisturizing agent in 
the composition are present in the composition at a concentration of about 
0.05 to 2.0 wt. %, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 wt. %. The gelatin beads 
have an average diameter of about 1000 to about 1400 microns. The bead is 
composed typically of gelatin and arabeo gum. The composition 
microencapsulated within the gelatin bead comprises approximately by 
weight 30 to 50% of a mineral oil, 30 to 50% of phytocancentrol algas, 10 
to 30% of silicone oil and 1 to 3% of a silver pigment. A typical gelated 
bead is HC774 manufactured by Hallcrest of Dorset, England. 
The Laponite clay is used in the instant composition at a concentration of 
about 0.1 to 2.5 wt. %, more preferably 0.2 to 2 wt. % is a synthetic clay 
which optionally has at least 5.0 wt. % of tetrapotassium pyrrophosphate 
peptizer such as Laponite RDS. The particle size of Laponite RDS which is 
manufactured by Laponite Inorganics of Great Britain has a particle size 
of &lt;2% greater than 250 microns a bulk density of about 1000 Kg/m.sup.3, 
and a surface area of about 330 m.sup.3 /g. Laponite RD does not have a 
peptizer has a particle size of &lt;2% greater than 250 microns, a surface 
area of about 370 m.sup.2 /g and a bulk density of about 1000 Kg/m.sup.3. 
The essential ingredients discussed above can be solubilized in one 
preferred embodiment of the invention in an aqueous medium comprising 
water and an alkyl monoethanol amides such as C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 alkyl 
monoethanol amide (LMMEA) at a concentration of 0 to 4 wt. %, more 
preferably 0.5 to 3 wt. % or an alkyl diethanol amides such as coco 
diethanol amide (CDEA) or lauryl diethanol amide (LDEA) at a concentration 
of 0 to 4 wt. %, more preferably 0.5 to 3 wt. %. 
Less preferred solubilizing agents are C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 mono and di-hydroxy 
alkanols, e.g., ethanol, isopropanol and propylene glycol. Suitable water 
soluble hydrotropic salts include sodium, potassium, ammonium and mono-, 
di- and triethanolammonium salts of cumene sulfonate or xylene sulfonate 
(SXS). While the aqueous medium is primarily water, preferably said 
solubilizing agents are included in order to control the viscosity of the 
liquid composition and to control low temperature cloud clear properties. 
Usually, it is desirable to maintain clarity to a temperature in the range 
of 5.degree. C. to 10.degree. C. Therefore, the proportion of solubilizer 
generally will be from about 1% to 15%, preferably 2% to 12%, most 
preferably 3%-8%, by weight of the detergent composition with the 
proportion of ethanol, when present, being 5% of weight or less in order 
to provide a composition having a flash point above about 46.degree. C. 
Preferably the solubilizing ingredient will be a mixture of ethanol and a 
water soluble salt of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 substituted benzene sulfonate 
hydrotrope such as sodium xylene sulfonate (SXS) or sodium cumene 
sulfonate or a mixture of said sulfonates or ethanol and urea. Inorganic 
alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts such as sodium sulfate, 
magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and sodium citrate can be added at 
concentrations of 0.5 to 4.0 wt. % to modify the cloud point of the 
nonionic surfactant and thereby control the haze of the resultant 
solution. Various other ingredients such as urea at a concentration of 
about 0.5 to 4.0 wt. % or urea at the same concentration in combination 
with ethanol at a concentration of about 0.5 to 4.0 wt. % can be used as 
solubilizing agents. Other ingredients which have been added to the 
compositions at concentrations of about 0.1 to 4.0 wt. percent are 
perfumes, preservatives, color stabilizers, sodium bisulfite, ETDA, and 
proteins such as lexine protein. One to 4 wt. % of an alkali metal salt of 
isethionic acid having the formula CH.sub.2 OHCHSO.sub.3 H can be used in 
the amide free formula of the instant composition as a substitute for the 
amide as a solubilizing agent. 
The foregoing solubilizing ingredients also facilitate the manufacture of 
the inventive compositions because they tend to inhibit gel formation. 
In addition to the previously mentioned essential and optional constituents 
of the light duty liquid detergent, one may also employ normal and 
conventional adjuvants, provided they do not adversely affect the 
properties of the detergent. Thus, there may be used various coloring 
agents and perfumes; sequestering agents such as ethylene diamine 
tetraacetates; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; pearlescing agents and 
opacifiers; pH modifiers; etc. The proportion of such adjuvant materials, 
in total will normally not exceed 15% of weight of the detergent 
composition, and the percentages of most of such individual components 
will be about 0.1 to 5% by weight and preferably less than about 2% by 
weight. Sodium bisulfite can be used as a color stabilizer at a 
concentration of about 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %. Typical perservatives are 
dibromodicyano-butane, citric acid, benzylic alcohol and poly 
(hexamethylene-biguamide) hydro-chloride and mixtures thereof. 
The instant compositions can contain about 0 to about 14 wt. percent, more 
preferably 0.5 to 10 wt. percent of an alkyl polysaccharide surfactant. 
The alkyl polysaccharides surfactants, which are used in conjunction with 
the aforementioned surfactant have a hydrophobic group containing from 
about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 
carbon atoms, most preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, and 
polysaccharide hydrophilic group containing from about 1.5 to about 10, 
preferably from about 1.5 to about 4, most preferably from about 1.6 to 
about 2.7 saccharide units (e.g., galactoside, glucoside, fructoside, 
glucosyl, fruclosyl; and/or galactosyl units). Mixtures of saccharide 
moieties may be used in the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. The number x 
indicates the number of saccharide units in a particular alkyl 
polysaccharide surfactant. For a particular alkyl polysaccharide molecule 
x can only assume integral values. In any physical sample of alkyl 
polysaccharide surfactants there will be in general molecules having 
different x values. The physical sample can be characterized by the 
average value of x and this average value can assume non-integral values. 
In this specification the values of x are to be understood to be average 
values. The hydrophobic group (R) can be attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4- 
positions rather than at the 1-position, (thus giving e.g. a glucosyl or 
galactosyl as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside). However, attachment 
through the 1- position, i.e., glucosides, galactoside, fructosides, etc., 
is preferred. In the preferred product the additional saccharide units are 
predominately attached to the previous saccharide unit's 2-position. 
Attachment through the 3-, 4-, and 6- positions can also occur. Optionally 
and less desirably there can be a polyalkoxide chain joining the 
hydrophobic moiety (R) and the polysaccharide chain. The preferred 
alkoxide moiety is ethoxide. 
Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or 
unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from about 8 to about 20, 
preferably from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl 
group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyl group can 
contain up to 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkoxide chain can contain 
up to about 30, preferably less than about 10, alkoxide moieties. 
Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, 
hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, 
galactosides, lactosides, fructosides, fructosyls, lactosyls, glucosyls 
and/or galactosyls and mixtures thereof. 
The alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than the 
higher alkyl polysaccharides. When used in admixture with alkyl 
polysaccharides, the alkyl monosaccharides are solubilized to some extent. 
The use of alkyl monosaccharides in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides 
is a preferred mode of carrying out the invention. Suitable mixtures 
include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow 
alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides. 
The preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglucosides having the 
formula 
EQU R.sub.2 O(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O)r(Z).sub.x 
wherein Z is derived from glucose, R is a hydrophobic group selected from 
the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and 
mixtures thereof in which said alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 
18, preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3 
preferably 2, r is from 0 to 10, preferable 0; and x is from 1.5 to 8, 
preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7. To prepare 
these compounds a long chain alcohol (R.sub.2 OH) can be reacted with 
glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired 
glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two 
step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (R.sub.1 OH) can be reacted 
with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired 
glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two 
step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (C.sub.1-6) is reacted with 
glucose or a polyglucoside (x=2 to 4) to yield a short chain alkyl 
glucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chain 
alcohol (R.sub.2 OH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the 
desired alkyl polyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short 
chain alkylglucoside content of the final alkyl polyglucoside material 
should be less than 50%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less 
than about 5%, most preferably 0% of the alkyl polyglucoside. 
The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the 
desired alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than about 2%, 
more preferably less than about 0.5% by weight of the total of the alkyl 
polysaccharide. For some uses it is desirable to have the alkyl 
monosaccharide content less than about 10%. 
The used herein, "alkyl polysaccharide surfactant" is intended to represent 
both the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less 
preferred alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. Throughout this specification, 
"alkyl polyglucoside" is used to include alkyl polyglycosides because the 
stereochemistry of the saccharide moiety is changed during the preparation 
reaction. 
An especially preferred APG glycoside surfactant is APG 625 glycoside 
manufactured by the Henkel Corporation of Ambler, Pa. APG25 is a nonionic 
alkyl polyglycoside characterized by the formula: 
EQU C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 O(C.sub.6 H.sub.10 O.sub.5).sub.x H 
wherein n=10 (2%); n=122 (65%); n=14 (21-28%); n=16 (4-8%) and n=18 (0.5%) 
and x (degree of polymerization)=1.6. APG 625 has: a pH of 6 to 10 (10% of 
APG 625 in distilled water); a specific gravity at 25.degree. C. of 1.1 
g/ml; a density at 25.degree. C. of 9.1 lbs/gallon; a calculated HLB of 
12.1 and a Brookfield viscosity at 35.degree. C., 21 spindle, 5-10 RPM of 
3,000 to 7,000 cps. 
The present light duty liquid detergents such as dishwashing liquids are 
readily made by simple mixing methods from readily available components 
which, on storage, do not adversely affect the entire composition. 
However, it is preferred that the nonionic surfactant be mixed with the 
solubilizing ingredients, e.g., ethanol and, if present, prior to the 
addition of the water to prevent possible gelation. When the composition 
contains less than 14 wt. % of the two anionic surfactants, the surfactant 
system is prepared by sequentially adding with agitation the two anionic 
surfactant, and the betaine to the nonionic surfactant which has been 
previously mixed with a solubilizing system which can be LMMEA and/or LDEA 
or CDEA to assist in solubilizing said surfactants, and then adding with 
agitation the formula amount of water to form an aqueous solution of the 
nonionic based surfactant system. To this system are added the oil 
containing gelatin beads and the Laponite clay. The use of mild heating 
(up to 100.degree. C.) assists in the solubilization of the surfactants. 
No polymeric thickening agent is added. The viscosity of the composition 
desirably will be at least 150 to about 1,000 centipoises (cps) at room 
temperature, but may be up to about 800 centipoises as measured with a 
Brookfield Viscometer using a number 2 spindle rotating at 20 rpms more 
preferably 200 to 800 cps and most preferably 250 to 650 cps. Its 
viscosity may approximate those of commercially acceptable compositions 
now on the market. The composition viscosity and the composition itself 
remain stable on storage for lengthy periods of time, without color 
changes or settling out of any insoluble materials. The pH of this 
formation is substantially neutral to skin, e.g., about 4.5 to 8 and 
preferably about 5.5 and the composition is optically clear. The 
compositions of the instant invention are optically clear and have at 
least 95% light transmission preferably at least 98% light transmission 
there through. The instant compositions have a minimum foam height of 110 
mls after 55 rotations at 40.degree. C. as measured by the foam volume 
test using 0.75 grams of the composition per liter of water and 1 gram of 
corn oil per liter of water having a hardness of 300 ppm. 
These products have unexpectedly desirable properties. For example, the 
foam quality and detersive property is equal to or better than standard 
light duty liquid detergents while using a nonionic surfactant as the 
primary surfactant and minimal amounts of anionic surfactant, thereby 
achieving a mild, non-irritating liquid detergent.

The following example was made by the previously described simple mixing 
procedure at 25.degree. C. and is set forth to define the limits of the 
two preferred compositions of the instant invention. 
______________________________________ 
A 
______________________________________ 
Nonionic Neodol 4-9 17.3 
Ammonium lauryl Sulfate 
4.4 
Rewoteric AMB 13 4.5 
LMMEA 
Sodium C.sub.14 -C.sub.17 paraffin sulfonate 
1.0 
Oil containing gelatin beads #HC774 
0.2 
Laponite clay 1 
Water Bal. 
Foam test mls 
5 rotations 
50 rotations 
Appearance at 74.degree. F. 
Clear 
______________________________________