ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD WITH BATTERY STATE DETECTION

A method and electronic device with battery state detection are provided. The method includes generating relative cumulative cell resistance (RCCR) curve information of a target battery based on constant voltage (CV) phase data of the target battery recorded during a charging operation of the target battery; and generating at least one of aging or shorting condition information of the target battery based on the generated RCCR curve information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under 35 USC § 119(a) of Indian Patent Application No. 202241045301 filed on Aug. 8, 2022, in the Indian Patent Office, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0038494 filed on Mar. 24, 2023, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

The following description relates to an electronic device and method with battery state detection.

2. Description of Related Art

In assessing the safety and health of batteries, a typical approach is to detect short circuits and aging in batteries, especially in their early stages, thereby estimating the state of short/(SOS) and the state of health (SOH)

SUMMARY

In one general aspect, a processor-implemented method of an electronic device includes generating relative cumulative cell resistance (RCCR) curve information of a target battery based on constant voltage (CV) phase data of the target battery recorded during a charging operation of the target battery; and generating at least one of aging or shorting condition information of the target battery based on the generated RCCR curve information.

The generating of the RCCR curve information may include generating a cumulative cell resistance (CCR) value by calculating a plurality of cell resistance (CR) values of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data and summing the plurality of CR values over a determined period of time; and calculating an RCCR value, of the RCCR curve information, based on a threshold CCR value representing a heathy battery and the CCR value of the target battery.

The generating of the at least one of the aging or shorting condition information may include detecting that the target battery is in at least one of an aging or shorting condition based on a determination of whether an RCCR value of the RCCR curve information of the target battery is greater than a threshold RCCR value corresponding to a healthy battery.

The generating of the at least one of the aging or shorting condition information may include detecting that the target battery is in an aging condition based on a determination that the RCCR curve information has an exponential rise, in which the RCCR curve information rises, on a corresponding RCCR curve, exponentially from an origin to a particular point.

The method may further include estimating a state of health (SOH) of the target battery based on a point on the RCCR curve at which a slope of the RCCR curve starts to remain constant, based on the aging condition of the target battery being detected.

The estimating of the SOH of the target battery may include estimating the SOH based on a RCCR value at the point on the RCCR curve at which the slope of the RCCR curve starts to remain constant.

The generating of the at least one of the aging or shorting condition information may include detecting that the target battery is in the shorting condition based on a determination that an RCCR value of the RCCR curve information is negative for a predetermined duration.

The method may further include estimating a state of short (SOS) of the target battery based on a long-term slope value of a RCCR curve of the RCCR curve information, based on the shorting condition of the target battery being detected.

The generating of the at least one of the aging or the shorting condition information may include detecting whether the target battery is shorted, including determining that the target battery is not shorted in response to a long-term slope value of a RCCR curve, of the RCCR curve information, being estimated to be zero.

The generating of the at least one of the aging or the shorting condition information may include detecting whether the target battery is aged, including determining that the target battery is unaged based on all RCCR values of the RCCR curve information being greater than or equal to zero.

In another general aspect, an electronic device includes a processor configured to generate relative cumulative cell resistance (RCCR) curve information of a target battery based on constant voltage (CV) phase data of the target battery recorded during a charging operation of the target battery; and generating at least one of aging or shorting condition information of the target battery based on the generated RCCR curve information.

The processor may be further configured to generate a cumulative cell resistance (CCR) value by calculating a plurality of cell resistance (CR) values of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data and summing the plurality of CR values over a determined period of time; and calculate an RCCR value, of the RCCR curve information, based on a threshold CCR value representing a healthy battery and the summed CCR value of the target battery.

The processor may be further configured to detect that the target battery is in at least one of an aging or shorting condition based on a determination of whether an RCCR value of the RCCR curve information of the target battery is greater than a threshold RCCR value corresponding to a healthy battery.

The processor may be further configured to detect that the target battery is in an aging condition based on a determination that the RCCR curve information has an exponential rise, in which the RCCR curve information rise, on a corresponding RCCR curve, exponentially from an origin to a particular point.

The processor may be further configured to estimate a state of health (SOH) of the target battery based on a point on the RCCR curve at which a slope of the RCCR curve starts to remain constant, based on the aging condition of the target battery being detected.

The processor may be further configured to estimate the SOH based on a RCCR value at the point on the RCCR curve at which the slope of the RCCR curve starts to remain constant.

The processor may be further configured to detect that the target battery is in the shorting condition based on a determination that an RCCR value of the RCCR curve information is negative for a predetermined duration.

The processor may be further configured to estimate a state of short (SOS) of the target battery based on a long-term slope value of a RCCR curve of the RCCR curve information, based on the shorting condition of the target battery being detected.

The processor may be further configured to determine that the target battery is not shorted in response to a long-term slope value of a RCCR curve, of the RCCR curve information, being estimated to be zero.

The processor may be further configured to determine that the target battery is unaged based on all RCCR values of the RCCR curve information being greater than or equal to zero.

The processor is further configured to output the generated at least one of the aging or shorting condition information for controlling operation of the electronic device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The features described herein may be embodied in different forms and are not to be construed as being limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided merely to illustrate some of the many possible ways of implementing the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein that will be apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of this application. The use of the term “may” herein with respect to an example or embodiment, e.g., as to what an example or embodiment may include or implement, means that at least one example or embodiment exists where such a feature is included or implemented, while all examples are not limited thereto.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any one and any combination of any two or more of the associated listed items. The phrases “at least one of A, B, and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, and the like are intended to have disjunctive meanings, and these phrases “at least one of A, B, and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, and the like also include examples where there may be one or more of each of A, B, and/or C (e.g., any combination of one or more of each of A, B, and C), unless the corresponding description and embodiment necessitates such listings (e.g., “at least one of A, B, and C”) to be interpreted to have a conjunctive meaning.

Throughout the specification, when a component or element is described as being “connected to,” “coupled to,” or “joined to” another component or element, it may be directly “connected to,” “coupled to,” or “joined to” the other component or element, or there may reasonably be one or more other components or elements intervening therebetween. When a component or element is described as being “directly connected to,” “directly coupled to,” or “directly joined to” another component or element, there can be no other elements intervening therebetween. Likewise, expressions, for example, “between” and “immediately between” and “adjacent to” and “immediately adjacent to” may also be construed as described in the foregoing. It is to be understood that if a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively,” as “coupled with,” “coupled to,” “connected with,” or “connected to” another component (e.g., a second component), it means that the component may be coupled with the other component directly (e.g., by wire), wirelessly, or via a third component.

There are existing solutions for detecting the safety and health of batteries. However, the existing devices and methods for detecting short circuits and aging in batteries use complicated probes that require a huge amount of data and/or modification of charging protocols. Therefore, it is found herein to be beneficial to use at least an alternate device and method that may overcome the above deficiencies and help optimize the detection of the safety and health of batteries.

According to one or more embodiments described herein, example electronic devices and methods with health and safety detection for a target battery may be provided. As a non-limiting example, an example method may include recording constant voltage (CV) phase data of a target battery during a charging operation. During the charging operation, the CV phase data may be recorded for a predetermined time period. For example, the CV phase data may be recorded for 15 minutes to estimate a state of short and state of health (SOS-SOH) within 1 millisecond (ms). The method may further include calculating a relative cumulative cell resistance (RCCR) value of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data. The method may further include analyzing the calculated RCCR value of the target battery based on a threshold RCCR value representing a healthy battery with respect to a determined time point. The method may further include generating one or more RCCR curves of the target battery based on the analyzed RCCR value. The method may further include detecting at least one of aging and shorting conditions of the target battery based on the calculated RCCR value and the generated plurality of RCCR curves. An example electronic device may be configured to perform any or all of example methods described herein, and output the detected battery state.

FIG.1illustrates an example electronic device with battery state detection according to one or more embodiments. Referring toFIG.1, an example electronic device100may include at least one processor101connected to a memory102, the target battery103of which health and safety may be detected and determined, and a database104.

In an example, the processor101may be a single processor or a number of processors, all of which may include, or be included in, multiple computing devices. The processor101may be one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logical processors, virtual processors, state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that are configured to manipulate signals based on operational instructions, all as non-limiting examples. Among other capabilities, the processor101may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions and data stored in the memory102and/or the database104.

In an example, the memory102may include any non-transitory computer-readable medium known in the art including, but are not limited to, volatile memory, such as static random-access memory (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM) and the like, and/or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, magnetic tapes and the like, as non-limiting examples.

In an example, the database104may be, or implemented with, integrated hardware or hardware in combination with computer-readable instructions, such as a software system running on general-purpose hardware or a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities as non-limiting examples. Examples of the database104may include, but are not limited to, an in-memory database, a cloud database, a distributed database, an embedded database and the like. The database104, amongst other things, may serve as a repository for storing data that may be processed, received, and generated by the processor101, and one or more of additional processors of the electronic device100.

According to one or more embodiments, the processor101of the electronic device100may be configured, e.g., by execution of the instructions and/or data in the memory102and the database104, to perform any one or any combination of the operations or methods described herein. In a non-limiting example, the processor101may be configured to record CV phase data of the target battery103during a charging operation. The processor101may be further configured to calculate RCCR values of the target battery103based on the recorded CV phase data. The processor101may be further configured to analyze each of the RCCR values of the target battery103based on a threshold RCCR value representing a healthy battery with respect to a determined time point. The processor101may be further configured to generate a plurality of RCCR curves of the target battery103based on the analyzed RCCR values. The processor101may be further configured to detect at least one of aging and shorting conditions of the target battery103based on the calculated RCCR values and the generated plurality of RCCR curves.

FIG.2Aillustrates an example method200of detecting health and/or safety of a target battery according to one or more embodiments. The example method200may be implemented in an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device100inFIG.1). In an example, the method200may be performed using the at least one processor (e.g., the processor101inFIG.1). Referring toFIG.2A, the example method may include operations201through205, which may be performed in the shown order and manner. However, the order of some operations may be changed, some of the operations may be omitted, or any additional operation may be added, without departing from the spirit and scope of the shown example. At least some of the operations ofFIG.2Amay be performed in parallel, simultaneously, or any suitable order that may optimize the battery detecting method described herein.

In operation201, the method200may include recording CV phase data of a target battery (e.g., the target battery103inFIG.1) during a charging operation for a predetermined time period. For example, the predetermined time period for recording the CV phase data of the target battery for a same condition (e.g., Vcut-off and ambient temperature) during the charging condition may be considered 15 minutes.

In operation202, the method200may perform calculating a respective one of RCCR values of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data.

The respective one of the RCCR values of the target battery (also referred to as “target cell”) may be calculated using Equation 1.

Where t may denote a time, V may denote a voltage, and I may denote a current.

In an example, the method200may perform calculating a cumulative cell resistance (CCR) value of the target battery (also referred to as “target cell”) based on the recorded CV phase data over a determined period of time. The method may generate a CRR value of the target battery by summing the plurality of CR values (V/I) over the determined period of time. The method200may further perform comparing the CCR value of the target battery with a threshold CCR value (V/I) representing a healthy battery (also referred to as “healthy cell”). The threshold CCR value of the healthy battery may be stored in a database of an electronic device (e.g., the database104of the electronic device100inFIG.1).

In operation203, the method200may perform analyzing the calculated RCCR value of the target battery based on a threshold RCCR value representing a healthy battery with respect to a determined time point. The analyzed data may be used to respectively detect and output whether the target battery is in a healthy condition or is at least one of aging and shorting conditions.

In an example, when the RCCR value of the target battery is determined with an indication of being greater than the threshold RCCR value, it is detected that the target battery is at least one of aging and shorting conditions based on the indication.

In operation204, the method200may perform generating one or more RCCR curves of the target battery103based on the analyzed RCCR value. The one or more RCCR curves of the target battery103may be plotted on a graph (e.g., a graph inFIG.3) that demonstrates a relationship of RCCR vs. time.

In operation205, the method200may perform detecting at least one of aging and shorting conditions of the target battery based on the respective calculated RCCR values and the generated plurality of RCCR curves. When either aging or shorting condition or both conditions are detected, the method200may further perform estimating aging or shorting condition or both conditions. During the estimation, the method may determine and output by how much percentage the target battery is shorted or by how much percentage the battery is aged or by how much percentage the battery is both shorted and aged. The estimation may be analyzed from the one or more RCCR curves with respect to a predetermined healthy battery curve plotted on the RCCR vs. time graph (e.g., the graph ofFIG.3).

FIG.2Billustrates an example method200bof detecting health and/or safety of a target battery according to one or more embodiments. The method200bmay be performed by an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device100ofFIG.1). In an implementation, the method200bmay be performed by at least one processor (e.g., the processor101ofFIG.1). Referring toFIG.2B, the example method may include operations201bthrough203b, which may be performed in the shown order and manner. However, the order of some operations may be changed, some of the operations may be omitted, or any additional operation may be added, without departing from the spirit and scope of the shown example. At least some of the operations ofFIG.2Bmay be performed in parallel, simultaneously, or any suitable order that may optimize the battery detecting method described herein.

In operation201b, the at least one processor may record CV phase data of a target battery (e.g., the target battery103inFIG.3) during a charging operation.

In operation202b, the processor may generate a respective one of RCCR curves of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data.

In an example, the processor may calculate a CCR value of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data over a determined period of time. The method may generate a CCR value of the target battery by summing the plurality of CR values over the determined period of time. The processor may calculate a RCCR value based on a threshold CCR value representing a healthy battery and the summed CCR value of the target battery. For example, the processor may calculate the RCCR value according to Equation 1 described above.

In operation203b, the processor may detect at least one of aging or shorting condition of the target battery based on the generated RCCR curves.

In an example, the processor may determine whether a RCCR value of the RCCR curve of the target battery is greater than the threshold RCCR value of the healthy battery. The processor may detect (and generate corresponding output condition information) that the target battery is at least one of aging or shorting condition based on the determination that the RCCR value of the target battery is greater than the threshold RCCR value.

For example, the processor may determine whether the RCCR curve has an exponential rise from an origin to a particular time point. The origin may be a time point at which a time t on the RCCR curve is zero. The particular time point may be a determined time point at which the time t on the RCCR curve is a reference time (e.g., one second). The processor may detect (and generate corresponding output condition information) an aging condition of the target battery based on the RCCR curve having an exponential rise. The processor may estimate (and generate corresponding output condition information) an SOH of the target battery based on a determined time point on the RCCR curve at which a slope of the RCCR curve starts to remain constant, based on the detection of the aging condition of the target battery. For example, the processor may estimate the SOH based on an RCCR value at the determined time point on the RCCR curve at which the slope of the RCCR curve starts to remain constant.

In an example, the processor may determine that the target battery is unaged based on all RCCR values on the respective RCCR curve being greater than or equal to zero. The processor may estimate (and generate corresponding output condition information) that the SOH of the target battery is 100% based on the target battery being unaged.

For example, the processor may determine whether the RCCR values of the respective RCCR curve go below a zero value for a predetermined duration. For example, when the RCCR curve has a sudden drop, the RCCR curve may include the RCCR values that go below the zero value for the predetermined duration. The predetermined duration may be a time period from a first determined time point (e.g., a point in time at which the time t is 0 seconds) to a second determined time point (e.g., a point in time at which the time t is 10 seconds). The processor may detect (and generate corresponding output condition information) a shorting condition of the target battery based on the determination that the RCCR values of the respective RCCR curve go below the zero value for the predetermined duration. The processor may estimate (and generate corresponding output condition information) an SOS of the target battery based on a long-term slope value of the respective RCCR curve based on the shorting condition of the target battery being detected. The long-term slope value may be, for example, a slope value (e.g., an average slope value) of the RCCR values while the time t is greater than a threshold time.

In an example, the processor may detect (and generate corresponding output condition information) that the target battery is not shorted (e.g., the target battery is non-shorted) when the long-term slope value of the respective RCCR curve is estimated to be zero. The processor may determine that the SOH of the target battery is 100% (e.g., the target battery is healthy and safe) based on the target battery not being shorted.

InFIG.3, when it is detected that a target battery (e.g., the target battery103inFIG.1) is only aging, plural RCCR curves302,304,306,308,312, and314with respect to a predetermined healthy battery RCCR curve310may be analyzed. Each of the plural RCCR curves302,304,306,308,312, and314may include one or more RCCR values, which may be recorded in operation202as a non-limiting example. The one or more RCCR values of a corresponding RCCR curve may be referred to as a set of RCCR values, and may define and depict the corresponding RCCR curve. For an example, as shown inFIG.3, a set of RCCR values may define and depict a RCCR curve314. The method may further include determining, based on the analysis of the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve314, an exponential rise (e.g., an exponential rise in a region1A inFIG.3) in the RCCR curve314, among the RCCR curves302,304,306,308,310,312, and314. Specifically, the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve314positively rises for a predetermined duration, and represents a positive value of the target battery. With respect to the exponential rise, the RCCR curve314rises exponentially from an origin of the RCCR curve314to a particular point on the RCCR curve314.

For example, inFIG.3, the region1A may depict that there is an exponential rise in a set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve314when compared with the predetermined RCCR curve310of the healthy battery. In the region1A, the set of the RCCR values of the RCCR curve314of the target battery positively rises from a zero point on an axis to a point315during an initial time317(e.g., a point corresponding to the initial time317is before200seconds on a graph). Accordingly, the particular point on the RCCR curve314may correspond to the point315. The positive RCCR values in initial times may be indicative of only aging and no shorting. Thus, it may be determined that the point315is an aging point.

FIG.4illustrates an example shorting condition of a target battery (e.g., the target battery103inFIG.1). InFIG.4, when it is detected that the target battery is shorting only, the plural RCCR curves may be analyzed with respect to a predetermined healthy battery RCCR curve402. Each RCCR curve may include one or more RCCR values, which may be referred to as a set of RCCR values and recorded in operation202as a non-limiting example. A set of RCCR values of a corresponding RCCR curve may be used to define and depict the corresponding RCCR curve. In an example, as illustrated inFIG.4, the method may further include determining, based on the analysis of a set of RCCR values of a corresponding RCCR curve401, a sudden drop in the corresponding RCCR curve401, in which the set of RCCR values of the corresponding RCCR curve401goes below a zero value (negative) for a predetermined duration, wherein the set of RCCR values represents a negative value of the target battery.

For example, inFIG.4, a shorted battery (e.g., aged or unaged) shows a sudden drop from a point403on the RCCR curve401at the beginning of a CV phase for a first few seconds404. The graph demonstrates that RCCR at the beginning of the CV phase goes below zero, that is, the RCCR values on the RCCR curve401go negative403for the few seconds404when compared with the predetermined RCCR curve402of the healthy battery.

InFIG.3, estimation of an SOH of the target battery after detection of the aging condition of the target battery may be analyzed. The method200may include analyzing the respective RCCR curves302,304,306,308,312, and314each including the one or more RCCR values, which may be recorded in operation202. The method may further include determining a saturated RCCR curve306including a set of RCCR values that remains constant for a predetermined time duration based on the analysis of the set of RCCR values, wherein the set of RCCR values is analyzed and determined as a saturated value of the target battery. The method may further include estimating the SOH of the target battery from the saturated RCCR curve306, wherein a SOH value corresponds to an RCCR value from the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve306, wherein the RCCR value corresponds to a saturation point1C on the saturated RCCR curve306from which the set of RCCR values starts to remain constant for the predetermined time duration.

For example, inFIG.3, the value of the SOH may be estimated based on a value of the saturation point10(e.g., no shorting) on the saturated RCCR curve306when compared with the predetermined RCCR curve310. The saturation for an only aged battery may depend on a degradation mechanism. Thus, the value of the saturation point10on the saturated RCCR curve306may serve as the estimation of the SOH. In this case, as illustrated inFIG.3, the value of the saturation point10may be around 0.042 or 4.2% which matches a cell2SOH of 95.5% to 96%.

InFIG.3, the estimation of an SOS of the target battery after detecting of the shorting condition of the target battery may be analyzed. The method200may include analyzing the respective RCCR curves302,304,306,308,312, and314each including the one or more RCCR values, which may be recorded in operation202and referred to as a set of RCCR values for a corresponding one of the respective RCCR curves. The method200may further include determining at least one RCCR curve314including a set of RCCR values that rises exponentially with respect to an inflation point1B on the at least one RCCR curve314for a predetermined time duration based on the analysis of the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve314. The method may further include estimating the long-term slope value of the determined at least one RCCR curve, and the long-term slope value may be proportional to the SOS of the target battery. The slope of the RCCR curve may be plotted for the last300seconds on the RCCR curve304for example. Wherein, SOS=a*slope, where “a” may be a constant, which is predetermined for a battery type.

InFIG.3, the estimation of the SOH of the target battery after detecting of aging and shorting conditions of the target battery may be analyzed. The method200may include analyzing the respective RCCR curves each including the one or more RCCR values, which may be recorded in operation202, and referred to as a set of RCCR values for a corresponding one of the respective RCCR curves. The method further may further include determining an inflation RCCR curve304, including a set of RCCR values that saturates at the inflation point1B on the inflation RCCR curve304for a predetermined time duration, based on the analysis of the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve304. For example, the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve304may be an inflation value of the target battery. The method may further include estimating the SOH of the target battery from the inflation RCCR curve304, wherein the SOH value may correspond to an RCCR value from the set of RCCR values, and wherein the RCCR value may correspond to a saturation point2B on the inflation RCCR curve304from which the set of RCCR values remains saturated for the predetermined time duration.

InFIG.3, estimation of an SOS of the target battery after detecting of the aging and shorting conditions of the target battery may be analyzed. The method200may include determining a long-term slope of the RCCR curve304, from the respective RCCR curves302,304,306,308,312, and314, in which the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve304starts to increase after the inflation point1B for a predetermined time duration based on the analysis. The method200may further include estimating the SOS of the target battery from the long-term slope RCCR curve304, wherein the SOS value corresponds to an RCCR value from the set of RCCR values of the RCCR curve304, wherein the RCCR value may correspond to an increasing point318on the long-term slope RCCR curve304from which the set of RCCR value starts to increase from the increasing point318for the predetermined time duration t, where the time duration t is greater than 300 seconds. The time from where the RCCR value of the RCCR curve304starts to increase is 300 seconds.

FIG.5illustrates an example experimental data demonstrating a target battery detected as being in different aging and shorting conditions according to one or more embodiments.

Referring toFIG.5, the example experimental data are illustrated in a cell resistance V/I vs. time graph, a y-axis is cell resistance measured in a CV phase over time (e.g., an x-axis). The terms “cell” and “battery” may be used interchangeably. The term “cell” is used in the one or more embodiments only for understanding the cell resistance V/I vs. time graph. For a healthy cell, an SOH and an SOS are determined as being 100%.

When CV phase cell resistance V/I shows a considerable decrease with respect to the healthy battery, it is an indication that the target battery may be in at least one of aging and shorting conditions. When a cumulative value of a CV with respect to time decreases, or in other words, when a cumulative value of CV phase data of the target battery is greater than CV phase data of the healthy battery, it is an indication that the target battery may be in either aging or shorting condition, or in both conditions. The effect on the graph is cumulative and quite significant even at very early stages of aging (e.g., SOH=96%) and shorting (e.g., SOS=2000) conditions with an average difference/decrease of ˜33% as compared to the healthy cell (e.g., SOH=100% and SOS=∞Ω) at the end of CV. In the cell resistance V/I vs. time graph, a line501may represent an unaged, non-shorted battery. A line503may represent an aged (e.g., SOH=96%), non-shorted battery. A line502may represent an unaged, shorted (e.g., SOS=2000) battery. A line504may represent an aged (e.g., SOH=96%), shorted (e.g., SOS=2000) battery.

FIG.6illustrates an example method of detecting a target battery using RCCR based on SOH-SOS estimation. An example method600as shown inFIG.6may be implemented with an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device100ofFIG.1). In an implementation, the method600may be performed by at least one processor (e.g., the processor101ofFIG.1). Referring toFIG.6, the example method600may include operations601through605, which may be performed in the shown order and manner. However, the order of some operations may be changed, some of the operations may be omitted, or any additional operation may be added, without departing from the spirit and scope of the shown example. At least some of the operations ofFIG.6may be performed in parallel, simultaneously, or any suitable order that may optimize the battery detecting method described herein.

For estimation of the SOH-SOS of a target battery (e.g., the target battery103inFIG.1), in operation601, when the target battery is being charged, a processor may record CV phase data for the same conditions (e.g., Vcut-off and ambient temperature). Operation601may correspond to operation201ofFIG.2as a non-limiting example.

In operation602, the processor may generate a RCCR profile by calculating an RCCR value of the target battery based on the recorded CV phase data. Operation602may correspond to operation202ofFIG.2.

In operation603, the processor may analyze whether the calculated RCCR value of the target battery is greater than 1% at a time of t=100 seconds. The analysis may include comparing the RCCR value of the target battery with a threshold RCCR value representing a healthy battery. Operation603may correspond to operation203ofFIG.2as a non-limiting example.

If a comparison result from operation603is yes, then the processor performs operation604, and if the comparison result from operation603is no, then the processor performs operation605. As a non-limiting example, operations604and605may correspond to operations204and205ofFIG.2, respectively.

For example, in operation604, the processor may determine whether an RCCR slope is saturated at a time of t=300 seconds. The slope may be identified/determined from a plurality of RCCR curves of the target battery (e.g., the plural RCCR curves inFIG.3).

When the RCCR slope is identified as being saturated at 0%, it is determined with an indication that the target battery may be only in an aging condition. Based on this indication, estimation of an SOH from an RCCR saturation value is achieved.

When the RCCR slope is identified as being not saturated at 0% at the time t=300 seconds, it is determined with an indication that the target battery may be in both aged and shorted conditions. Based on this indication, as illustrated inFIG.3for example, estimation of the SOH with the RCCR value at the inflation point1B and the SOS from the RCCR slope for the predetermined time t exceeding 300 seconds is achieved.

In operation605, the processor may determine whether the RCCR slope is greater than 0% for all times t greater than 0 seconds. As a non-limiting example, operations604and605may correspond to operations204and205ofFIG.2, respectively.

When the RCCR slope is identified not greater than 0% for all times t greater than 0 seconds, it is determined with an indication that the target battery is a healthy battery.

When the RCCR slope is identified greater than 0% for all times t greater than 0 seconds, it is determined with an indication that the target battery is shorted. Based on this indication, estimation of the SOS with the RCCR slope may be performed.

Some example technical solutions provided by any of the above one or more embodiments may include the following advantages:(1) RCCR may be a unique metric for tracking aging and/or shorting;(2) Even a very soft short of 2000 may be detected with an example accuracy of more than 90%;(3) The example methods may use only 15 minutes of CV phase data to detect and estimate both SOS and SOH at a same time;(4) Detection and estimation of SOS-SOH may be achieved within 1 ms. An algorithm size may be less than 1 kilobyte(kB); and(5) Computational requirements may be minimized.