Beverage dispensing apparatus

The invention relates to beverage dispensing apparatus of the kind comprising a tank, heater for heating a liquid contained therein, and container for storing concentrated beverage and dispensing it to a mixing chamber. An object of the present invention is to provide such dispensing apparatus, in which provision is made for dispensing beverages with an alternative ingredient to water, or an additional liquid ingredient, such as milk. The invention is characterized in that a pump is provided for feeding a liquid ingredient (e.g. milk or other dairy product), through the water tank for indirect heat exchange therewith, in that a temperature controlled mechanism is provided for controlling the outlet temperature of the liquid ingredient from the tank, and in that the liquid ingredient is fed in controlled, pre-determined quantities as required, to the mixing chamber. Normally, the liquid within the tank would be water and, where this water is to be used for beverage making as well as the liquid ingredient, the water tank would be provided with an outlet for feeding predetermined quantities of hot water via controlled valve system to the mixing chamber.

This invention relates to beverage dispensing apparatus of the kind used by 
caterers, factories and offices, community centers, and other 
organisations for the speedy and convenient dispensing of hot beverages 
(such as tea, coffee and chocolate), at the push of a button, or upon 
insertion of appropriate coinage. Such apparatus usually comprises a 
cabinet enclosing a water tank which is fed with cold water, either 
directly from a mains source, or by gravity via a reservoir. The water 
tank is usually provided with a thermostatically controlled immersion 
heater and a water outlet for the hot water, connected via a solenoid 
operated valve to a mixing chamber in the form of a dispensing outlet 
funnel. This funnel is fed with concentrated dry beverage (usually in the 
form of a powder, or granules) from a hopper, the hopper normally having 
an auger or similar feeding mechanism to feed a pre-set quantity of dry 
beverage out of the hopper so as to fall into the dispensing outlet 
funnel, where it is usually blended by a swirling action with a pre-set 
quantity of hot water simultaneously released by the solenoid valve from 
the water tank, the swirling action being created by the speed and 
direction by which the hot water is fed into the dispensing outlet funnel. 
The resulting mixed beverage then falls through a spout in the funnel into 
a receptacle, such as a cup or beaker, placed beneath the funnel prior to 
operating the apparatus. It will be appreciated that where the apparatus 
is designed to dispense a number of different beverages, a hopper for each 
beverage will be provided, together with means operable by the user to 
select the hopper appropriate to his preferred beverage to feed the 
correct dry beverage to the dispensing outlet funnel. 
Also, some apparatus may be designed to dispense a whisked, or whipped 
beverage, such as hot chocolate, in which case it is usual to provide an 
additional chamber containing a motor driven whisking paddle below the 
spout from the dispensing outlet funnel, the mixed beverage thereby being 
whipped during its passage through this chamber to the waiting receptacle. 
Furthermore, some concentrates for whisked beverages are in the form of 
liquid, or syrup, in which case the usual hopper is dispensed with and 
replaced with a suitable pump arrangement. 
All the functions of the apparatus must be timed and controlled for correct 
operation, usually by a series of micro-switches activated as appropriate 
mostly by respective adjustable cams mounted on a shaft driven by an 
impulse activated timer motor, or by a solid state timing circuit with 
provision for adjusting the various settings. 
The known beverage apparatus as described in the foregoing are used 
independently from any other apparatus and as will be appreciated, are 
capable only of producing beverages using concentrated beverage products 
and hot water. Should another ingredient such as milk be required, it is 
either added to the concentrate (in the case of milk this is usually 
achieved by the use of spray-dried milk solids suitable for hot water 
reconstitution), or added subsequently in fresh form from a separate 
apparatus or container. 
An object of the present invention is to provide beverage apparatus of the 
kind described above, in which provision is made for dispensing beverages 
with an alternative ingredient to water, or an additional liquid 
ingredient, such as milk. 
According to this invention, beverage dispensing apparatus of the kind 
comprising a tank, heating means for heating a liquid contained therein, 
and means for storing concentrated beverage and dispensing it to a mixing 
chamber, is characterised in that means are provided for feeding a liquid 
ingredient (e.g. milk or other dairy product), through the water tank for 
indirect heat exchange therewith, in that means are provided for 
controlling the outlet temperature of the liquid ingredient from the tank, 
and in that the liquid ingredient is fed in controlled, pre-determined 
quantities as required, to said mixing chamber. 
Normally, the liquid within the tank would be water and where this water is 
to be used for beverage making as well as an additional liquid ingredient, 
the tank would be provided with an outlet for feeding predetermined 
quantities of hot water via controlled valve means to the mixing chamber 
Preferably, a tubular helical coil, or the like, of glass, stainless steel, 
or other non-toxic material suitable for withstanding the constant 
elevated temperature of the water tank is mounted within the latter, and 
the liquid ingredient is fed via pump means through the heating coil. 
In the case where the liquid ingredient is milk, it is important that the 
temperature is kept below approximately 80.degree. C. to prevent rapid 
separation of the protein and calcium in the milk, which would cause 
deposits to build up in the coil and also affect the taste of the milk 
beverage. Furthermore, it is important that the milk be heated to a 
temperature above 70.degree. C. andheld at this temperature for about 15 
seconds for sterilisation, and of course to ensure that the dispensed 
beverage is at an acceptably high temperature. To ensure that the milk is 
within this temperature range for at least the time required to achieve 
sterilisation, the flow rate of the pump means, and the length and 
internal dimension of the coil, in relation to the normal hot water 
temperature in the water tank are carefully chosen. However, to ensure 
that the milk is kept within its parameters, whether it is standing within 
the coil for considerably periods when there is no user demand, or it is 
being regularly drawn-off as a result of continual user demand, a 
temperature probe may be inserted in the outlet from the coil to monitor 
continuously the temperature of the milk, and to control the temperature 
of the hot water by appropriate switching in or out of the water heating 
means.

Referring to the Figure, the apparatus is for use in dispensing both water 
and milk beverages and mixtures thereof and is generally of the type 
described above comprising a cabinet 1 housing a water tank 2 which is fed 
by gravity from a water supply in a header tank 14. Hot water, heated to a 
controlled temperature in the tank by a thermostatically controlled 
immersion heater 3, is fed on demand via an outlet from the tank and a 
duct 7 through a valve 4, the opening of the valve being controlled for 
timed periods by a solenoid 5, to provide predetermined quantities of 
water to a mixing chamber, in the form of a dispensing outlet 6. This 
apparatus is intended to use concentrated dry product, which is stored in 
a hopper 8 and fed via a rotatable auger 9, driven for timed periods by a 
motor 10, to feed predetermined quantities to fall by gravity into the 
dispensing outlet 6 and thence into a whipping chamber 11. After whipping 
the beverage is dispensed via an outlet spout 12 into a waiting receptacle 
13. 
In accordance with the present invention, a heating coil 20, preferably of 
heat withstanding glass, is located within the water tank 2, the inlet and 
outlet ends 21, 22 respectively being supported through the wall of the 
tank via sealed rubber grommets 24, or similar. A glass bead thermistor 
probe which is preferably encased and sealed within a fine glass tube 25, 
is inserted through the coil outlet 22 so that the probe lies in that part 
of the outlet end of the coil which is within the water tank 2. In this 
way the outlet temperature of the coil is monitored very accurately, 
particularly if zinc oxide, or similar material, is compacted around the 
thermistor within the fine glass tube, since this material has a good 
thermal conductivity and, thereby, the probe is rendered more sensitive. 
The probe is arranged to feed signals to an electronic control circuit 27 
which is arranged to switch in or switch out the immersion heater 3 (or 
possibly an additional heater) to control the water temperature, and hence 
the temperature of the liquid being fed through the coil 20 and into the 
dispensing outlet 6, via a feed line 26. It will be appreciated that 
measured quantities of the liquid feed via the feed line 26 depends upon 
the pump flowrate and the coil length and dimensions, which determine the 
volume of the liquid feed per unit of time a valve 31 controls the flow of 
milk to the feed line 26. As referred to above the liquid ingredient is 
milk, and hence the controlled temperature band would be set between 
approximately 70.degree. C.-80.degree. C. for the reasons discussed above. 
To achieve a suitable temperature band, experiments have been conducted to 
obtain design parameters such that the milk within the coil does not 
exceed the maximum temperature if it remains in the heating coil for a 
prolonged period due to lack of demand, and also that the milk reaches the 
minimum temperature, and is held there for the requisite time (15 secs or 
more) even when there is a considerable regular demand, say with only a 10 
second pause between operations. From this, with a water tank temperature 
held generally approximate at but not above 80.degree. C., and using an 
immersion heater of 21/2/3 kw, a 6 mm (internal diameter) coil with 0.1 mm 
wall thickness and helically coiled to a diameter of approximately 90.0 mm 
and with a tube length of approximately 4.6 m, it has been found that a 
61/2-7 fluid oz measure of milk can be dispensed within the minimum 15 
second time cycle, as determined by the above mentioned requirement, to 
guarantee sterility of the milk. 
The milk is fed through the coil by a diapragm pump 29 those working parts 
of which comes into direct contact of the milk, being of approved food 
quality materials. The pump 29 is chosen to provide variable flow rates, 
whereby the flow of milk can be finely adjusted to meet the flow 
requirements discussed above. 
It will be appreciated that all of the functions to be carried out by the 
apparatus need to be controlled in carefully timed relationships, and for 
this purpose a suitably designed electronic controller 30 is provided and 
appropriately connected between the pump and the electronic control 
circuit 27. It will be appreciated here that the circuit 27 and the 
control circuit for the electronic controller 30 can be incorporated into 
a single solid state printed circuit board. Such a controller, via a 
manually operated selector, can be made to adjust the flow of liquid from 
hot water only, through combinations of both, to milk only, to the 
dispensing outlet 6 and whipping chamber 11 so as, for example, to produce 
coffee black, or at a required degree of "White". 
The milk fed by the diapragm pump 29 is conveniently obtained from a 
refrigerated source, which may be associated with the apparatus. 
Preferably, however, the source is a separate refrigerated unit e.g. such 
as that marketed as a "Milkpak System", in which case a feed additional to 
the normal dispensing outlet would be tapped from the unit, so that it 
could still operate to dispense fresh milk directly to a user. 
It will be appreciated that the dispensing apparatus can be designed to 
dispense all milk products only, in which case the hot water in water tank 
2 is used only as a heating source for the milk. Therefore, an outlet 4 
would not be required for water to be fed to the dispensing outlet 6, thus 
simplifying the timed controlled operations.