A coating composition for cosmetic application on fingernails or toenails, characterized by containing 40 to 70% of water by weight, 15 to 35% of water-emulsion resin solids by weight, 0.1 to 2.0% of associative thickener solids by weight, 1 to 5% of an organic liquid, slower evaporating than water and soluble in water but not itself a solvent for the aforementioned water-emulsion resin solids, and 5 to 20% of an alcohol containing no more than 4 carbon atoms per molecule, all based on the total weight of composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention concerns new and novel fingernail cosmetic coatings, 
more specifically water-based fingernail cosmetic coatings, which are 
unlike organic solvent-based fingernail cosmetic coatings in that a major 
part of the volatile content is water. 
At the present time, commercial fingernail cosmetic coatings are generally 
of the organic solvent-based type, consisting primarily of a film-forming 
agent, such as nitrocellulose and alkyd or polyester resin, plus 
plasticizers and organic solvents. Although these organic solvent-based, 
fingernail cosmetic coatings have excellent film-forming properties, they 
also have serious drawbacks due to the inclusion of large amounts of 
organic solvents. These drawbacks include inflammability, very high 
Volatile Organic Content (5-7 pounds per gallon), strong and irritating 
solvent odor, and adverse effects on the human body, particularly on the 
nails and skin. 
The Volatile Organic Content (VOC) of a coating is a measure of the total 
amount of organic solvent and other volatile substances which can be 
emitted to the atmosphere by the coating. It is expressed in units of 
pounds of volatile organic matter per gallon of coating, and, since water 
is an exempt solvent, for any given sample of coating it can be calculated 
by means of the following equation: 
##EQU1## 
2. Description of the Related Art 
In order to overcome these drawbacks, aqueous fingernail coatings, in which 
the content of volatile organic compounds is considerably lower than in 
the organic solvent-based type, have been developed and disclosed. For 
example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications (Kokai) Nos. 54-28836 and 
54-52736 and Japanese Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 55-43445 
disclose aqueous fingernail coatings containing specified acrylic polymer 
emulsions, but coatings made according to these inventions are difficult 
to apply by brush and have poor film-forming ability, and the dried films 
have poor gloss and poor adhesion to fingernails. Japanese Unexamined 
Patent Publications (Kokai) Nos. 56-131513 and 57-56410 disclose aqueous 
fingernail coatings containing specified acrylic polymer microemulsions, 
but a drawback of the dry films from coatings made according to the latter 
two inventions is their extreme brittleness under mechanical wear, 
resulting in flaking or chipping of the films from the fingernails. 
Yamazaki et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,261) discloses a fingernail cosmetic 
composition containing at least one resin and at least one organic 
solvent, characterized by incorporating therein water and a 
water-incorporating compound having at least one hydrophilic moiety, and, 
if desired, a moisturizing agent and a fragrance-containing agent. It is 
specified therein that the water-incorporating compound which may be used 
in the invention is, for example, a water-soluble polymer, an oil-soluble 
polymer, or a surface-active agent. However, it is clearly stated therein 
that, in the fingernail composition of the invention, water and the 
water-incorporating compound are incorporated as an internal phase of a 
water-in-oil emulsion, and, more particularly, the resins and organic 
solvents form a continuous external phase of an oil phase, and an aqueous 
phase is dispersed therein as the internal phase in the form of small 
particles (U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,261, Abstract, col.3, lines 29-35). 
Furthermore, Yamzaki et al. claims that the composition covered contains 
0.5 to 30% of water based on the total weight of the composition (ibid., 
Claim No.1, col. 19, lines 42-45), and, in addition, they state, "A 
composition containing more than 30% by weight of water is not desirable" 
(ibid., Abstract, col. 3, lines 43-44). 
The present invention does not fall under the claims or disclosures of U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,897,261 (Yamazaki et al.), as the latter includes only 
water-in-oil emulsions, whereas the present invention includes only 
resin-in-water emulsions, the resin corresponding to the "oil" or 
hydrophobic constituent of the Yamazaki et al. patent. 
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,261 encompasses only compositions 
containing 0.5 to 30% of water based on the total weight of the 
composition (Claim No. 1, col.19, lines 42-45, and Abstract, col. 3, lines 
36-39), whereas compositions encompassed by application Ser. No. 
08/778,694 contain 40-70% of water based on the total weight of the 
composition. 
Yamazaki et al. does not teach specifically that the composition must 
contain a thickener,but some of the water-soluble and oil-soluble polymers 
which are listed therein may act as thickeners. However, none of the 
polymers which are cited therein are associative thickeners, while the 
inclusion of an associative type of thickener is essential in the 
composition taught by application Ser. No. 08/778,694. Associative 
thickeners are characterized by the fact that they have in their molecules 
hydrophobic (water-repellant) segments or blocks attached to the 
hydrophilic (water-attractive) segments. They thicken by means of a 
secondary valency association with other hydrophobic groups on other 
components of the composition, such as resins and pigments. The secondary 
valence association is broken when subjected to a high shearing stress, 
such as occurs during application of the composition by brushing. 
Associative thickeners, therefore, can provide effective thickening and 
anti-settling properties while the composition is at rest in a container, 
but permit good flow and leveling during application by brushing. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It has now been found that all of the above drawbacks and disadvantages can 
be remedied by the inclusion of certain specific ingredients in a 40-70% 
water-based coating composition. 
Accordingly, an objective of the present invention is to provide a 
fingernail cosmetic, water-based coating composition having good 
film-forming ability and leveling, but equal in drying speed to 
commercial, organic solvent-based fingernail coatings. 
A further objective of the present invention is to provide a fingernail 
cosmetic coating composition possessing all of the good properties listed 
above, and, in addition, having Volatile Organic Content of less than 3.0 
pounds per gallon, far below the levels of present-day commercial, organic 
solvent-based fingernail coatings, which would result in much less organic 
solvent emission to pollute the atmosphere during manufacture and 
application. 
A further objective of the present invention is to provide a fingernail 
cosmetic coating composition possessing all of the good properties listed 
above, and, in addition, giving dried films having good adhesion to 
fingernails, high gloss, and resistance to scratching, peeling and washing 
with water, soap or mild detergents. 
A further objective of the present invention is to provide a fingernail 
cosmetic coating composition possessing all of the good properties listed 
above, and, in addition, having very mild and inoffensive odor. 
A further objective of the present invention is to provide a fingernail 
cosmetic coating composition possessing all of the good properties listed 
above, and, in addition, being non-flammable. 
A still further objective of the present invention is to provide a 
fingernail cosmetic coating composition possessing all of the good 
properties listed above, and, in addition, containing no toxic, 
carcinogenic or hazardous substances reportable under Section 313 of SARA 
TITLE III and 40 CFR Part 372. 
All of these objectives have been attained by the art revealed in the 
present invention. In accordance with the present invention, there is 
provided a water-based, fingernail cosmetic composition which is equal to 
commercial, organic solvent-based fingernail coatings in brushability, 
drying speed, leveling, gloss, and performance in service, superior to the 
latter in resistance of the dry films to chipping and peeling, and, in 
addition, which has Volatile Organic Content (VOC) of less than 3.0 pounds 
per gallon, is non-inflammable, has very mild, non-irritating odor, and 
contains no reportable quantities of toxic, carcinogenic or hazardous 
chemical subject to the reporting requirements Section 313 of SARA TITLE 
III Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 and of 40 
CFR Part 372. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The term "fingernail coatings" used herein encompasses fingernail lacquers, 
fingernail enamels, fingernail enamel base coats, fingernail enamel 
overcoats, fingernail strengthening coats, and the like. Popularly they 
are often called "fingernail polishes". 
The term "fingernail cosmetic composition" used herein means make-up 
cosmetics applied to a fingernail or toenail for protection and/or 
beautification thereof. 
Good adhesion to fingernails, high gloss, hardness, film strength and 
resistance of applied films, when completely dry, to water, soap or mild 
detergents was achieved by the utilization of 20 to 35% of solids, by 
weight, of a selected type of water-emulsion resin. Examples of such 
resins include, but are not limited to, an acrylic copolymer, a 
styreneacrylic copolymer, a polyurethane-acrylic mixture or copolymer, or 
a mixture or combination of any these. 
Speed of drying was achieved by the incorporation of 5 to 20%, by weight, 
of an alkanol (alcohol) containing no more than four carbon atoms per 
molecule. Examples of such alcohols include, but are not limited to, 
ethanol (commonly called ethyl alcohol), 1-propanol (commonly called 
normal propyl alcohol), 2-propanol (commonly called isopropyl alcohol), 
1-butanol (commonly called normal butyl alcohol), and 2-butanol (commonly 
called secondary butyl alcohol). 
Sufficient wet time (which means the time that the applied film remains 
liquid and thin enough to brush easily and still level well) was achieved 
by the inclusion of 1 to 5%, by weight of the total coating, of an organic 
liquid, slower evaporating than water, and soluble in water, but not by 
itself a solvent for the aforementioned water-emulsion resin. Substances 
suitable for this purpose include, but are not limited to, propylene 
glycol and ethylene glycol. 
Good flow and leveling, along with minimization of pigment settling and the 
proper viscosity and rheology for good brushability and film build, was 
achieved by the inclusion of 0.1 to 2.0%, by weight of the total coating, 
of an associative thickener, such as a hydrophobically-modified, 
alkali-solution emulsion (HASE) or a hydrophobically-modified, ethylene 
oxide-urethane block copolymer (HEUR). Optionally, a variety of 
surface-active agents and/or defoamers may be included, and a 
water-emulsified wax for increased mar resistance. 
Aqueous pigment dispersions available in a compatible vehicle, or, 
alternatively, dry pigment powders dispersed in water plus suitable 
surface-active agents, may be mixed with the composition taught by the 
present invention in various proportions to produce colored, metallic, 
irridescent, fluorescent, pearlescent, fiber-reinforced 
fingernail-strengthening or high-build ridge-filling coatings.

EXAMPLES 
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and 
in no way limit the scope thereof. In all of the examples the percentages 
are given as percent by weight, unless otherwise specified. 
TABLE 1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
COMPOSITION OF UNPIGMENTED EXAMPLES 
(% by weight) 
Ex.1 
Ex.2 
Ex.3 
Ex.4 
Ex.5 
Ex.6 
Ex.7 
Ex.8 
Ingredients 31A 
40A 
58B 
58F 
58C 
58G 
59F 
63A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Styrene-acrylic copolymer 
70.0 
70.0 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 
emulsion, 42% NV (Note 2) 
Purely acrylic copolymer 
-- -- 85.4 
81.9 
85.1 
81.3 
80.9 
80.9 
emulsion, 36% NV (Note 2) 
Ethylene glycol, tech.grade 
1.08 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
Propylene glycol, tech.grd. 
-- 2.08 
2.17 
2.09 
2.16 
2,07 
2.97 
2.97 
Isopropyl alcohol, tech.grd. 
7.50 
7.52 
4.73 
8.54 
4.71 
8.49 
8.48 
8.48 
Aqua ammonia, 29% NH.sub.3 
0.16 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
Non-ionic surfactant, 
0.32 
0.30 
0.33 
0.33 
0.34 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
50% NV in alcohol 
Silicone wetting agent, 
-- -- 0.50 
0.50 
0.52 
0.50 
0.50 
0.50 
12.5% NV 
Defoamer, 100% NV 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 
Dipropylene glycol methyl 
4.30 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
ether (DPGME) 
Dipropylene glycol propyl 
-- 3.00 
3.13 
3.01 
3.12 
2.99 
2.97 
-- 
ether (DPGPE) 
Dibutylene glycol methyl 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.97 
ether (DBGME) 
Carnauba wax emulsion, 
2.80 
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
25% NV (Note 3) 
Polyethylene wax emulsion 
-- 2.80 
2.92 
2.81 
2,91 
2.79 
2.77 
2.77 
25% NV (Note 4) 
Associative thickener, 
0.84 
0.80 
0.65 
0.62 
-- -- 0.88 
0.88 
35% NV (Note 5) 
Associative thickener, 
-- -- -- -- 0.94 
1.33 
-- -- 
17.5% NV (Note 6) 
Water 12.9 
13.3 
-- -- -- -- -- -- 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Note 1: Rhoplex WL-96, from Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia. Pa. 
Note 2: Chempol 20-4301, from CCP Polymers, N&gt;Kansas City, Mo. 
Note 3: MichemLube 110, from Michelman, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Note 4: Jonwax 26, from S C Johnson Polymer, Racine, Wis. 
Note 5: Acrysol RM-8, from Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Note 6: Acrysol SCT-275, from Rohm and Haas Co., Philadephia, Pa. 
Unpigmented Examples 
In Table 1, above, and all of the following tables, Ex. is used as an 
abbreviation for Example Number. Each Ex. is followed on the next line by 
the inventor's own reference number for the particular example. The word 
emulsion means a fine particle size, stable dispersion of the polymer or 
resin in water. The symbol NV stands for non-volatile content by weight, 
cps for centipoises, and RPM for revolutions per minute (of the viscometer 
spindle). 
Eight unpigmented examples of the composition taught by the present 
invention were prepared from the ingredients listed in Table 1, above. 
Each example was prepared by adding the ingredients in the order listed, 
with continuous stirring by a high-speed laboratory mixer until the 
mixture was homogeneous. Properties and performance of each example are 
shown in Table 2. 
The pH was determined using Hydrion Test Papers. It represents the degree 
of acidity or alkalinity of the composition, and a value of 7.0 indicates 
neutrality. However, most water-emulsion resins and the coatings made with 
them are most stable when buffered to a pH range of 7.5 to 8.0, at which 
they are very mildly alkaline and not harmful to human skin or nails on 
external contact. Aqua ammonia (a solution of ammonia in water) is the 
preferred buffering agent. 
Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield RVT viscometer equipped with a #3 
spindle, after bringing the sample to the standard temperature of 77 
degrees F. In order to attain equilibrium shear rate conditions at each 
speed, the spindle was run at a speed of 20 RPM for three minutes before 
taking the first reading, then at 50 RPM for three minutes before taking 
the second reading. The ratio of the viscosity in centipoises at a speed 
of 20 RPM to the viscosity in centipoises at a speed of 50 RPM is here 
called the thixotropic index, and the latter is a measure of the 
susceptibility of the viscosity to reduction by shearing. It is known in 
the fingernail cosmetic coating industry that, if the thisotropic index, 
or a similar measure under any other name, is too low, the coating will 
not flow or level well when applied by brushing (which generates a high 
degree of shearing) unless the low shear rate viscosity is very low, in 
which case the coating will probably run and sag during application, and 
in storage will tend to separate and settle any pigments dispersed in it. 
Conversely, if the thixotropic index is too high, the coating will 
probably run and sag during application, unless the low shear rate 
viscosity is very high, in which case the coating will not flow and level 
well. The thixotropic index value of 1.3 to 1.4 achieved by the 
composition of the present invention, as attested by the values obtained 
from the samples, is ideal for maintaining good flow and leveling 
consistent with freedom from sagging and settling, and is attributable to 
the employment of an associative thickener. 
Total non-volatile content was calculated as the sum of the non-volatile 
content of each ingredient multiplied by the percent by weight of that 
ingredient in the composition. 
Volatile organic content (VOC) was calculated using the equation shown in 
Background of the Invention, Section 1. Field of the Invention. 
Storage stability was evaluated by filling a four fluid ounce, tall-form 
glass jar with the sample, capping the jar tightly and placing it for 14 
days in an electric oven maintained at 120 degrees F., then inspecting the 
contents of the jar for evidence of layer separation, gelation, curdling, 
or excessive change in viscosity, brushability, color or hiding power. 
Keeping a sample at 120.degree. F. for 14 days is considered to have an 
effect similar to storage at ordinary room temperature for two years. 
Symbols employed for the stability ratings are as follows: 
N=no change, L=layering, G=gelation or curdling, V=viscosity change, O=odor 
change, B=brushability change, C=color change, H=hiding chg. 
None of the samples tested showed any of these changes after two weeks 
storage at 120.degree. F. All had been prepared in accordance with the 
teaching of the present invention. 
A sample of each example was filled into conventional one fluid ounce 
fingernail polish bottles, and, using the small brush provided therein, 
brushed out, in turn, onto six synthetic simulated fingernails made of 
nylon plastic, and also on the fingernails of several human volunteers. 
The time in minutes required for the films of each sample to dry free from 
tackiness was measured using a stopwatch. Tackiness was tested by pressing 
a piece of tissue paper against the surface of the film with a thumb for 
60 seconds, applying as much pressure as possible, then listening as the 
paper was pulled sharply away from the surface. If no tearing sound was 
heard the film was judged to be free from tackiness. The time required for 
the films applied on human fingernails to dry was in every case less than 
that for the same sample applied on the nylon fingernails, indicating that 
there was some diffusion of the volatile liquids through the human 
fingernails. However, as no hazardous, toxic or carcinogenic substances 
reportable under Section 313 of SARA TITLE III and of 49 CFR Part 372 are 
contained in coatings which are prepared according to the teaching of the 
present invention, this needs cause no concern. 
Brushability was assessed from the ease with which the liquid coating could 
be spread over the entire surface of the synthetic fingernail to provide 
adequate film build before the wet film became so viscous that it could no 
longer be spread. 
Leveling was rated from visual inspection of the dry film for striations. 
Applied on the nylon fingernails, the dry films from each of the samples 
remained tender and easy to scrape off for several hours after becoming 
free from tackiness, but within 24 hours they became quite hard and 
resistant to scratching, scraping or peeling. The time span for these 
events was considerably shorter when the same samples were applied on 
human fingernails, probably also attributable to diffusion of some of the 
remaining volatiles through the nails. On the human nails the films were 
more adherent and less easy to peel off from the time they became free 
from tackiness, probably due to higher mechanical adhesion resulting from 
anchoring into the porosity of the human nails. During many weeks of wear, 
these films were found to be more adherent and less prone to chipping or 
peeling then the dry films from several commercial, organic solvent based 
fingernail cosmetic coatings, which the authors evaluated by applying and 
wearing at the same time, on some of the fingers of the same hands, as 
those on which the samples of the present invention were applied and worn. 
From an hour after application on, and during several weeks of routine 
wear, the dry films from the samples of the present invention resisted 
routine washing with warm water plus soap or customary hand-washing 
detergents as well as, or better than, the films from the commercial, 
organic solvent-based fingernail cosmetic coatings. The former either 
eventually failed from normal abrasion and wear-and-tear, or else the 
wearers became tired of their appearance or color and decided to remove 
them. Although they were resistant to removal with ethyl acetate alone, or 
ethyl acetate plus toluene or xylene (the constituents of most commercial 
fingernail polish removers prior to the recent restrictions on the use of 
aromatic hydrocarbons in the Clean Air Act amendments), they could be 
removed, when desired, by rubbing with tissue paper, paper napkins or 
cloth, wet with various commercial fingernail polish removers (most of 
which not contain acetone as well as ethyl acetate), or wet with aqueous 
compositions containing at least 50% of N-methyl pyrrolidone. 
TABLE 2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF 
UNPIGMENTED EXAMPLES FROM TABLE 1 
Ex.1 
Ex.2 
Ex.3 
Ex,4 
Ex.5 
Ex.6 
Ex.7 
Ex.8 
31A 40A 58B 58F 58C 58G 59F 63A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Properties 
pH 9 7.5 7.5 7.5 8 8 7.5 7.5 
Viscosity at 20 RPM, cps. 
1270 
1625 
1740 
1080 
1175 
1400 
1550 
2645 
Viscosity at 50 RPM, cps. 
954 1230 
1342 
838 870 1000 
1168 
1958 
Thixotropic Index 
1.33 
1.32 
1.30 
1.29 
1.35 
1.40 
1.33 
1.35 
Total NV, % by weight 
30.2 
30.2 
31.4 
30.2 
31.4 
30.2 
30.1 
30.1 
VOC, pounds per gallon 
2.2 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 
Stability, 14 days at 120.degree. F. 
N N N N N N N N 
Applied on nylon nails: 
Time to dry, minutes 
5 5 5 10 5 10 10 10 
Brushability 
G VG F G G VG E E 
Leveling (film smoothness) 
VG E F VG E E E E 
Gloss of dry film 
E E E E E E E E 
Adhesion (peel resistance) 
E E E E E E E E 
Applied on human nails: 
Time to dry, minutes 
3 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 
Leveling (film smoothness) 
G VG F G G VG E E 
Adhesion (peel resistance) 
E E E E E E E E 
Resistance to washing 
E E E E E E E E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Symbols employed in the tables for the ratings of brushability, leveling, 
gloss of the dry film, adhesion and resistance to washing are as follows: 
E=excellent, VG=very good, G=good, F=fair, P=poor. It may be noted that 
all of the examples of the present invention performed extremely well in 
all of these tests, with the exception of brushability and leveling, in 
which these was considerable variation at first, primarily due to 
differences in the solvent balance of the samples. As the research 
progressed, however, ways were found to fine tune the composition so as to 
eliminate this deficiency. 
Pigmented Versions 
As noted above, pigments can be incorporated into the water-based 
fingernail cosmetic coating of the present invention in order to produce 
colored, metallic, pearlescent, iridescent, nail strengthening 
(fiber-reinforced), or ridge-filling coatings. Following are examples of 
the composition of some of these products. 
TABLE 3 
______________________________________ 
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PIGMENTED 
VERSIONS 
______________________________________ 
Example 9 
52D 
SCARLET RED WATER-BASED 
FINGERNAIL COATING 
% by Wt. 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient 
Water 15.8 
Aqua ammonia, 29% NH.sub.3 
0.2 
Anionic surfactant, 96% NV 
2.4 
Propylene glycol 0.8 
D&C Red #6, Barium Lake 
7.9 
Disperse at high speed. Then add:- 
71.3 
Clear, water-based fingernail 
coating #59F (Example 7) 
Total 100.0 
Properties 
pH 7.5 
Viscosity at 20 RPM, cps. 
1360 
Viscosity at 50 RPM, cps. 
1104 
Thixotropic index 1.23 
Total non-volatile content 
2.5% 
Applied on nylon fingernails: 
Brushability E 
Leveling (film smoothness) 
E 
Gloss of dry film E 
Adhesion E 
Color Glossy, translucent scarlet 
______________________________________ 
Example 10 
60L 
FRENCH WHITE WATER-BASED 
FINGERNAIL COATING 
% by Wt. 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient 
Liquaflex WD9035* (dispersion 
8.0 
of TiO.sub.2 in water-reducible resin 
Clear, water-based fingernail 
91.2 
coating #59F (Example 7) 
Defoamer, 100% NV 0.1 
Associative thickener, HEUR 
0.7 
type, 35% NV 
Mix at high speed for 10 minutes- 
Total 100.0 
Properties 
pH 7.5 
Viscosity at 20 RPM, cps. 
1715 
Viscosity at 50 RPM, cps. 
1298 
Thixotropic index 1,32 
Total non-volatile content 
31.6% 
Applied on nylon fingernails: 
Brushability E 
Leveling (film smoothness) 
E 
Gloss of dry film E 
Adhesion E 
Color Very glossy, opaque white 
______________________________________ 
Example 11 
59H 
WATER-BASED FINGERNAIL 
FORTIFIER AND PRIMER 
Ingredient % by wt. 
______________________________________ 
Clear, water-based fingernail 
96.3 
coating #59F (Example 7) 
Anionic grind-aid, 100% NV 
0.5 
Defoamer, 100% NV 0,1 
Sift in under strong agitation:- 
Adhesion promoter, 47% NV 
2.1 
Pyrogenic silica powder 
1.0 
Mix 10 min. under strong agitation 
Viscosity at 20 RPM, cps. 
2250 
Viscosity at 50 RPM, cps. 
1500 
Thixotropic index 1.50 
Applied on nylon fingernails: 
Time to dry, minutes 10 
Adhesion E 
Film color Matte, translucent 
______________________________________ 
Example 12 
60K 
WATER-BASED FINGERNAIL 
RIDGE FILLER 
Ingredient % by wt. 
______________________________________ 
Clear, water-based fingernail 
99.1 
coating #59F (Example 7) 
Non-ionic grind-aid 0.3 
Defoamer, 100% NV 0.1 
Sift in under strong agitation:- 
Nylon floc 1 and 1/2 denier .times. 0.30" 
0.5 
Mix 10 min. under strong agitation 
Viscosity at 20 RPM, cps. 
2265 
Viscosity at 50 RPM,cps. 
1468 
Thixotropic index 1.54 
Applied on nylon fingernails: 
Time to dry, minutes 10 
Film build E 
Film color Clear, colorless 
______________________________________