Mineral based coloring pigments

A mineral based coloring pigment has been developed which includes a water-soluble organic dye which has been insolubilized or "fixed" onto a mineral pigment substrate by means of a cationic or anionic chemical compound. Also, a method for producing the mineral based coloring pigment and products containing the mineral based coloring pigment have been developed.

TECHNICAL FIELD 
This invention relates to water-soluble organic dyes which have been 
insolubilized or "fixed" onto various mineral pigment substrates to 
thereby form mineral based coloring pigments. The mineral based coloring 
pigments are designed to replace presently used inorganic or organic 
pigments in many different applications including plastics, rubber, paint, 
printing inks, and paper. 
BACKGROUND ART 
Historically inorganic pigments, such as hydrated or anhydrous siliceous 
minerals including metal silicates, sodium alumino silicates, hydrated 
aluminum silicates, e.g., clays, have found increasing uses in many 
industries. For example, such pigments are employed in paper coating 
compositions, as fillers for paper, paints, inks, etc., and as reinforcing 
pigments or fillers in elastomers and other polymeric materials. In 
addition to being used as fillers, inorganic pigments are often used as 
color-imparting fillers in papers, paints, inks, etc. and as reinforcing 
pigments or fillers in elastomers and other polymeric materials. 
In the process of dying pigments, it is important to insolubilize or 
otherwise fix dyes onto the pigment particles. In this regard, it is often 
necessary to treat pigment particles in such a manner so as to improve the 
affinity of the pigment particles to the dyestuffs utilized. 
Several methods of improving the affinity of various pigment particles to 
dyestuffs have been reported. U.S. Pat. No. 3,834,924 to Grillo teaches a 
process for manufacturing surface modified inorganic pigments. The process 
according to this patent includes adding amino organosilanes to an aqueous 
dispersion of an inorganic pigment whereby the inorganic pigment is 
contacted with the amino organo silane and reacts so that the surface of 
the inorganic pigment is modified in such a manner to increase the 
affinity for dyes. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,545,909 to Gagliardi teaches amino-alkyl silicone coloring 
assistances that may be applied in the form of a pre-treatment to 
condition inorganic pigment substrates for a subsequent coloring 
operation. This pre-treatment with the aminoalkyl silicone coloring 
assistance induces dyeable sites onto normally non-affinitive materials so 
that they may accept conventional anionic type organic dyes. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,084,983 to Bernhard et al teaches a process for producing 
colored lustrous pigments in which a firmly adhering coating of aluminum 
hydroxide is first applied to pigment substrates. The aluminum ions 
contained in the coating are then reacted in order to form a firmly 
adhering dyestuff layer. In this manner, the substrate is coated with a 
starting material which is convertible into a colored layer. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,128 to Troesche et al teaches a process for dying 
inorganic pigments that can be used as fillers. According to this patent, 
pigments are dyed with polycationic dyestuffs in a process that involves 
providing a colored composition of an aqueous paste for dispersion of the 
white pigment with a water-soluble polycationic dye. An optional, 
conventional, fixing agent may be used in this process. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,566,908 to Nakatani et al teaches a process for producing 
an azoic pigment including a silica core with a coating of amino or 
polyazoic dye chemically bound to the surface of the silica core through 
an amino silane coupling agent. 
While previous efforts had focused on various methods to fix diverse 
dyestuffs onto selective substrates, there is a long-felt need for 
developing methods whereby safer organic dyes could replace currently used 
inorganic pigments, many of which are based upon heavy metals and pose 
potential health problems both in their processing and use. In this 
regard, solvent dyes have been developed to overcome associated health 
concerns in many rubber and plastics applications. However, solvent dyes 
are usually expensive, may involve volatile and/or toxic solvent vehicles 
during use, are often hard to disperse, may migrate and rub off, and 
sometimes degrade the rubber and plastic materials into which they are 
incorporated. 
Water-soluble, organic dyes have the potential of addressing the problems 
of both inorganic pigments and solvent dyes in many applications. 
Nevertheless, methods for stabilizing water-soluble, organic dyes, 
particularly dyes that can be used to replace currently used heavy 
metal-based pigments are lacking. The present invention provides a method 
for coloring inorganic pigments substrates which is an improvement over 
prior known methods. The water-soluble, inorganic dyes are thereby 
rendered functional in a variety of media and circumstances of use where 
advantage could not otherwise be taken of their desirable features. 
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
It is one object of the present invention to provide a method for 
insolubilizing or fixing water-soluble organic dyes onto various pigment 
substrates by means of cationic or anionic chemical compounds. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide mineral based 
coloring pigments that are designed to replace presently used inorganic or 
organic pigments in many different applications including plastics, 
rubber, paint, printing inks and paper. 
A still further object of the present invention is to provide mineral based 
coloring pigments which can be used to replace currently used heavy metal 
inorganic pigments, thereby avoiding health problems associated with said 
pigment materials. 
A still further object of the present invention is to provide mineral based 
coloring pigments that can be utilized as reinforcing pigments to replace 
many conventional dyes and pigments which have been found to be 
deleterious to the physical properties of materials such as rubbers and 
plastics. 
A still further object of the present invention is to provide for mineral 
based coloring pigments which have better handling and clean-up properties 
than previously devised organic or inorganic pigments and organic dyes. 
An even further object of the present invention is to provide for mineral 
based coloring pigments that function as dye extenders so that less actual 
dye is required for proper coloration. 
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent 
as the description proceeds. 
According to the invention, there is provided a coloring pigment useful for 
coloring or tinting inks, paints, plastics and rubber, which pigment 
comprises a mineral based coloring pigment wherein a water-soluble organic 
dye has been insolubilized or fixed on to a mineral pigment substrate by 
means of a cationic or anionic chemical compound. 
The present invention also provides a method for preparation of mineral 
based coloring pigments useful for coloring or tinting inks, paints, 
plastics and rubber which involves reacting a water-soluble organic dye in 
the presence of a mineral pigment with a cationic or anionic chemical 
fixative, the reaction being carried out in the slurry form in which the 
cationic or anionic chemical fixative is titrated to an identifiable end 
point. After formation, the resulting mineral based coloring pigment is 
recovered from the dye-mineral slurry by a filtering process. 
Also provided by the present invention are colored or tinted printing inks, 
paints, plastics and rubber compositions containing color pigments which 
comprise water-soluble organic dyes which are insolubilized or fixed onto 
various mineral pigment substrates by means of cationic or anionic 
chemical compounds.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a mineral based coloring pigment which is 
useful for coloring or tinting various materials including inks, paints, 
plastics and rubber. This mineral based coloring pigment is the reaction 
product of a water-soluble organic dye and a mineral pigment which have 
been mixed together and titrated with a cationic or anionic chemical 
fixative to an identifiable end point at which the water-soluble organic 
dye is insolubilized or fixed onto the mineral pigment substrate. The 
mineral based coloring pigments produced by this reaction are 
characterized by unique physical and chemical characteristics. 
Mineral based coloring pigments produced in accordance with the present 
invention provide reinforcing characteristics which enhance the physical 
properties of materials in which they are incorporated, such as 
elastomers, rubber and plastics. This enhancement of physical 
characteristics is an improvement over many previous organic pigments and 
dyes which were found to be deleterious to the physical properties of 
materials such as rubber and plastics. 
These mineral based coloring pigments also demonstrate better handling and 
cleanup properties than most organic and inorganic pigments and dyes 
thereby enabling lower production cost and thus affording the mineral 
based coloring pigments of the present invention economical and commercial 
advantages over previous organic and inorganic pigments and dyes. 
It has been found that the mineral based coloring pigments of the present 
invention act as dye extenders whereby less actual dye is required for 
equal coloration. In this regard, the mineral based coloring pigments have 
superior coloring strength over previous organic dyes. 
Finally, the mineral based coloring pigments of the present invention have 
been found to be superior replacements for inorganic pigments which 
currently incorporate heavy metals which have been determined to pose 
substantial health problems both in processing and in final product use. 
The mineral based coloring pigments according to the present invention can 
be used in any application wherein coloring or tinting of a finished 
material is desired. Inks, paints, plastics and rubber are examples of 
major systems in which the new mineral based coloring pigments can be 
used. The pigments are particularly useful for incorporation into 
polyolefins such as polypropylene. 
Any of several reaction routes can be utilized to produce the present 
mineral based coloring pigments. For example, water-soluble organic dyes 
can be combined with the mineral substrate materials and subsequently 
insolubilized or fixed onto the substrate materials by reacting the 
dye-mineral substrate mixture with appropriate cationic or anionic 
chemical compounds. In other instances, the water-soluble organic dye can 
be dissolved in water into which the mineral pigment substrates are 
subsequently added in a dry or slurry form. The cationic or anionic 
chemical fixative is then titrated into the dye-mineral pigment mixture to 
an identifiable end point so as to unsolubilize or fix the dye onto the 
mineral pigment, thereby forming the mineral based coloring pigments of 
the present invention. 
The preferred procedure for preparation of the mineral based coloring 
pigments of the present invention is to add the selected dye to heated 
water preferably in the range of 50-70.degree. C . The water is preferably 
demineralized water, although tap water can also be used. Heating the 
water to an elevated temperature is preferred in order to dissolve the 
dye, but certain dyes are also soluble in cold water so that use of the 
heated water is an optional feature depending on the dye used. After the 
dye is added to the water, mixing is carried out preferably with low shear 
until the dye is dissolved, which usually occurs within a period of no 
more than about 5 minutes. Thereafter, the mineral pigment is added to the 
water with good mixing. 
While kaolin clay represents the preferred mineral substrate, other 
minerals which can be used include calcined kaolin, synthetic alkali metal 
silicates such as those described in U. S. Pat. No. 4,812,299, alumina 
trihydrate, mica and mixtures thereof. Kaolin is the preferred substrate, 
however, as it produces a considerably more intense dye/mineral pigment 
than the other minerals investigated to this point. A combination of fine 
particle size (less than 1 micron average particle diameter) and 
dye/quaternary alignment on the platelets (no porous surface) is believed 
to explain why kaolin is a better substrate than the other minerals. 
After the mineral substrate is added to the dye/water solution, the 
selected cationic or anionic chemical compound is added slowly with 
mixing. At this stage it is preferred that the pH of the slurry be in the 
range of 4.0 to 5.0, and the pH may be adjusted by addition of acid or 
acid salt, but preferably acetic acid. 
After the cationic or anionic chemical compound is added, the resulting 
slurry is then mixed for an additional period of about 1 to 10 minutes 
using low shear mixing. Thereafter the resulting mixture is filtered and 
washed with water until all salts are removed. Preferably it is desirable 
to obtain a filtrate resistance reading of 125,000 ohms or higher at this 
point. The filter cake is then allowed to form and is then dried. Drying 
is preferably carried out in an oven for example at 60-110.degree. C. for 
1-3 hours. Drying should be conducted under controlled low temperature 
conditions to prevent the material from drying to excessive hardness. 
The resulting dried solid is then milled to the required fineness for each 
application, preferably 3 microns or finer. 
It is preferred that the cationic or anionic chemical compound or fixative 
be a water-soluble polyquaternary ammonium salt polymer which has a 
molecular weight ranging from 100 to 1 million. For some dye systems, a 
polyquat polymer having a molecular weight range of 1000-3000 is 
preferred. For other systems, a polyquat polymer of molecular weight 
10,000 to 100,000 or an average of about 50,000, was preferred. The degree 
of water solubility of the dye selected has a substantial bearing on the 
molecular weight range of the polyquat polymer required for fixation. For 
dyes having a high degree of water solubility, high molecular weight 
polyquats were required for fixation on the mineral. 
During the reaction various other additives may be used as desired for best 
results. For example, organic dispersants can be added to speed up the 
filtration rate and reduce hardness of the resulting dye/mineral pigment. 
Water-soluble organic dyes found to be useful for purposes of the present 
invention include acid, direct and reactive dyes having acid 
functionality, such as dyes having sulfonic and/or carboxylic groups 
associated therewith. In the system, cationic fixatives are used for acid 
dyes and anionic fixatives are used for basic dyes. In addition, cationic 
or basic dyes have been found to be useful for the purposes of the present 
invention, particularly those having quaternary nitrogen functionality, 
although these dyes may sometimes contain positively charged sulfur or 
oxygen functionality as well. In all, as exemplified by the examples set 
forth hereinbelow, the present invention has been found to be applicable 
for insolubilizing or fixing all types of water-soluble dyes. 
Additionally, it has been discovered that the present invention is useful 
in fixing multiple dye systems in which two or more dyes are combined to 
produce diverse colored mineral based coloring pigments. 
As illustrated in the examples which follow, cationic fixatives were found 
to be particularly useful in insolubilizing or fixing acid and direct 
water-soluble dyes. Particular cationic fixatives found useful for 
purposes of the present invention include resinous polymers, methylolamide 
polymers, and quaternary ammonium polymers. The quaternary ammonium 
polymers include both mono-, di- and polyquaternary ammonium polymers. 
Inorganic polymers such as zirconium oxychloride may also be used, 
especially for high temperature applications. Examples of polyquaternary 
ammonium polymers include polyamide polymers and polyamine polymers The 
fixative must be water soluble or emulsifiable and the pH should be 
between 3.0 and 9.0. 
Anionic chemical fixatives were found to be particularly useful in 
insolubilizing or fixing basic type water-soluble dyes. Exemplary anionic 
fixatives include resorcinol formaldehyde, a partial ester of styrene 
maleic anhydride, a monoammonium salt of a styrene maleic anhydride and 
polyacrylates. 
The dyes to be used in the present invention include any dyes which are 
operable. In general, known red dyes, yellow dyes, blue dyes and black 
dyes appear to be operable. The preferred red dyes include Sol-Aqua-Fast 
Red 2BL, Direct-Fast-Scarlet 4BSW, Intracon Brilliant Red 4G-E, Stylacyl 
Red RY, and Stylacyl Red RB. The preferred yellow dyes include Intralan 
Brilliant Yellow 3GL, Intracron Brilliant Yellow 6G-E, Intracron Brilliant 
Yellow G-E, Nylanthrene Brilliant Yellow 4NGL, and Stylacyl Yellow RG. The 
preferred blue dyes include Intralite Turquoise Blue GRLL, Nylanthrene 
Blue LGGL, Intralite Blue 3GLST. The preferred black dye is Intralan Grey 
BL-SCRC. In general, however, any dye which provides the desired color and 
which can be fixed onto the mineral substrate according to the invention 
is considered to be within the scope of the invention. 
As pointed out above, the products of the present invention are produced by 
adding a predetermined quantity of the selected water-soluble dye to a 
sufficient amount of water to dissolve the water-soluble dye and form a 
dye solution. The mineral pigment is then added to the dye solution to 
form a dye/mineral mixture. The chemical fixative is then titrated into 
the dye/mineral mixture to an identifiable end point so that the 
water-soluble organic dye is fixed onto the mineral pigment. It is 
necessary that the reactants be added in this order in order for the dye 
to become fixed to the mineral substrate. As the dye goes from its soluble 
form to an insoluble form, it deposits on the clay via the chemical 
fixative. 
In conducting this reaction it is preferred that the solution should 
contain from between about 0.05 and 10 wt%, preferably 1.0 to 2.0 wt% of 
the water-soluble organic dye. The titration of the chemical fixative 
proceeds to an end point which is determined by spot testing the 
dye/mineral on filter paper until no dye is found to bleed from the 
dye/mineral mixture. 
Suitable mineral substrates determined to be useful for purposes of the 
present invention include hydrous clays, calcined clays, synthetic alkali 
metal alumino-silicates (SAMS), micas and alumina trihydrate (ATH). 
Preferred hydrous and calcined clays include kaolins and hectorites. 
Preferred materials are synthetic alkali metal alumino-silicates including 
those prepared from a Hydragloss.RTM. clay, those prepared from an 
Omnifil.RTM. clay those prepared from a Hydraprint.RTM. clay, and those 
prepared from a Hydrafine.RTM. clay. All of these clays are commercially 
produced products of J. M. Huber Corporation. 
In accordance with the present invention it has been determined that acid, 
basic, direct and reactive dyes can all be successfully insolubilized or 
fixed onto various mineral substrates. 
The ionic chemical fixatives found useful for purposes of the present 
invention include both cationic and anionic compounds. In particular 
cationic and anionic polymers are used to fix several dyes onto a variety 
of mineral substrates. 
Particular cationic fixatives are quaternary ammonium compounds, including 
mono-, di- and polyquaternary ammonium compounds. Exemplary polyquaternary 
ammonium compounds include polyamide polymers and polyamine polymers. 
Other exemplary cationic fixatives include resinous polymers and 
methylolamide polymers. 
Particular anionic fixatives found to be useful for purposes of the present 
invention include resorcinol formaldehyde, a partial ester of styrene 
maleic anhydride, a monoammonium salt of styrene maleic anhydride and 
polyacrylates. 
The process for producing the mineral based coloring pigments, as discussed 
in detail above, involves reacting a mineral pigment with a water-soluble 
organic dye in the presence of an ionic chemical fixative whereby the 
water-soluble dye is fixed onto the mineral substrate by means of the 
ionic chemical fixative. 
In a separate embodiment using a dry process, the process involves first 
dry mixing the mineral substrate and the water-soluble organic dye. The 
dye mixture is next dissolved in an aqueous solution which is subsequently 
dried to leave a dye/mineral composition. The dye/mineral composition is 
redissolved in an aqueous solution to which the ionic chemical fixative is 
added to produce the mineral based coloring pigment which is subsequently 
filtered, dried and milled to a fine powder. 
In the drawing accompanying the present invention, there is set forth a 
graph which shows the relationship between one particular dye, the mineral 
substrate level, and the amount of low molecular weight fixative polymer 
required to insolubilize the dye. In this particular embodiment, the dye 
is Reactive Blue 209, the mineral substrate is kaolin and the fixative is 
a low molecular weight polyquat polymer. From the figure it will be noted 
that 1.6 grams of fixative would be required for 20 wt% of dye up to about 
4.3 grams of fixative polymer for 60 wt% of dye. 
The products resulting from the process of the present invention are 
mineral based coloring pigments which can be used in various areas for 
coloring materials such as paint, plastics, paper, printing inks, rubber, 
elastomers and the like. A preferred product is a polyolefin such as 
polypropylene which contains a coloring amount of the product of the 
invention. The amount of mineral based coloring pigment of this invention 
which should be added to the rubber, plastic, paint, printing ink, paper 
or the like should be in the range of about 0.001 up to about 1.0% based 
on the total polymer or total solids in the product. The mineral based 
coloring pigment of this invention is incorporated into the material using 
conventional methods. 
The following examples are presented to illustrate the invention but it is 
not to be considered as limited thereto. In the examples and throughout 
the specification, parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated. 
EXAMPLE 1 
The following formulations were prepared in accordance with the method of 
the invention. The formulations were prepared by adding the dye to hot 
50-70.degree. C. demineralized water while mixing with low shear until the 
dye was dissolved, which usually occurred in less than 5 minutes. The 
mineral substrate, in this case kaolin clay, was then added as a slurry 
and mixed for five minutes. The kaolin clay was a white (90 GE 
brightness), fine particle size (96-100% minus 2 microns) material. The 
SAMS mineral is a synthetic alkali metal silicate which is a white 
agglomerated synthetic pigment with high oil absorption. This product is 
prepared in accordance with the processes described in U. S. Pat. No. 
4,812,299. The polyquaternary ammonium salt polymer was then added to the 
dye mineral slurry slowly with mixing. The polyquaternary ammonium polymer 
was selected for acid functional dyes, with anionic polymers containing 
sulfonic or carboxylic acid groups for cationic dyes or water soluble 
polymers. Acids or acid salts could be used to adjust the pH of the slurry 
as necessary. After the polyquaternary ammonium salt polymer was added, 
the mixture was agitated under low shear for five minutes, filtered, 
washed with deionized water until the filtrate resistance reading of 
125,000 ohms or higher was obtained. The filter cake was then dried in an 
oven at 60-110.degree. C. for 1-3 hours and milled to a fine powder of 3 
microns or finer. The following were the formulations employed. 
______________________________________ 
Formulations: 
______________________________________ 
500.0 g demineralized water at 50-65.degree. C. 
Xg dye (mix until dissolved) 
Yg kaolin (may be added as slurry) 
Zg polyquaternary ammonium salt polymer 
solution (polyquat) 
a. 40% reactive red 124/60% kaolin 
500.0 g demineralized water 
4.0 g reactive red 124 dye 
6.0 g kaolin 
2.6 g polyquat (low MW) 
b. 60% reactive yellow 111/40% kaolin 
500.0 g demineralized water 
6.0 g reactive yellow 111 dye 
4.0 g kaolin 
2.8 g polyquat (low MW) 
c. 60% acid blue 283+ /40% kaolin 
500.0 g demineralized water 
6.0 g acid blue 283 dye 
6.0 g kaolin 
3.5 g polyquat (low MW) 
d. 50% direct red 80*/50% kaolin 
500.0 g demineralized water 
5.0 g direct red 80 dye 
5.0 g kaolin 
1.8 g diquat (very low MW) 
e. 50% acid red 73*/50% kaolin 
600.0 g demineralized water 
5.0 g acid red 73 dye 
5.0 g kaolin 
4.3 g monoquat (very low MW) 
f. 50% methyl violet* (basic violet 1)/50% SAMS 
600.0 g demineralized water 
6.0 g methyl violet dye 
5.0 g SAMS 
2.7 g styrene/maleic anhydride polymer 
g. 25% methylene blue* (basic blue 9)/50% SAMS 
150.0 g demineralized water 
2.5 g methylene blue 
7.5 g SAMS 
2.1 g resorcinol-formaldehyde resin 
h. 20% acid blue 283+ /20% reactive yellow 111/60% 
kaolin (green dye on kaolin) 
600.0 g demineralized water 
2.0 g acid blue 283 
2.0 .sup. reactive yellow 111 
6.0 g kaolin 
2.6 g polyquat (low MW) 
______________________________________ 
*Dye used on "as is" basis; dye activity unknown. 
+Dye assumed to be 50% active. 
EXAMPLE 2 
Using the preparation procedure of Example 1, a series of products were 
produced using the dyes set forth below in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Table 1 
are red dyes, Table 2 are yellow dyes, Table 3 are blue dyes, and Table 4 
are black dyes. In the tables, it will be noted that the dye is 
identified, the fixation rate is indicated as G-Good or NG-No Good, the 
filtration rate is identified as F-Fast, M-Medium, or S-Slow, the color of 
the filtrate is indicated, C being clean and the indication of foaming as 
Y-Yes or N-No indicated. Inorganic fixation with filtrate and foaming is 
also indicated using the same abbreviations. 
TABLE 1 
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FILTRA- 
ORGANIC 
TION INORGANIC 
DYE C.I. 
FIXATION 
RATE FILTRATE FOAM 
FIXATION 
FILTRATE 
FOAM 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Intracid Red 2G 
A. 1 
NG -- -- -- NG Red-Orange 
Y 
Intralan Red 2G 
A- G M-S C Y G C Y 
Nylanthrene Red 
A. 266 
G M-S C Y G C Y 
B-2BSA 
Stylacyl Red RB 
A. 364 
G S C Y NG Red Y 
Stylacyl Red RY 
A. 384 
G F C Y G C Y 
Direct Brilliant Pink B 
D. 9 
G F C Y NG Light 
Yed 
Direct Scarlet 4SWN 
D. 72 
G F Faint Orange 
Y NG Light 
Yrange 
Direct Scarlet 4BSW 
D- G F C Y G Faint 
Yrown 
Direct Scarlet SE 
D- G S V. Light Orange 
N NG Orange Y 
Direct Red CAS 
D. 236 
G F C N G V. Light 
Neach 
Sol-Aqua-Fast Red RL 
D- G S C Y NG Peach Y 
Sol-Aqua-Fast Red 2BL 
D. 80 
G M-S C Y G C Y 
Sol-Aqua-Fast Red 3BL 
D- G F C Y G V. Light 
Yink 
Intracron Brilliant 
R. 120 
G S V. Light Pink 
N NG Red N 
Red 4G-E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE 2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
ORGANIC 
FILTRA- INOR- 
FIXA- TION GANIC 
DYE C.I. 
TION RATE FILTRATE FOAM 
FIXATION 
FILTRATE FOAM 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Intracid Fast Yellow 2GL-S 
A. 17 
G F V. Light Yellow 
Y NG Yellow Y 
Intralan Brilliant Yellow 
A- G M C Y G C Y 
3GL 
Nylanthrene Brilliant 
A. 49 
G F Light Yellow 
Y NG Yellow Y 
Yellow 4NGL 
Stylacyl Yellow RG 
A. 200 
G F Faint Yellow 
Y G V. Light 
Yellow 
Intralite Yellow 5GLL 
D. 44 
G F Faint Yellow 
Y G Light 
Yellow 
Intralite Yellow 2RLSW 
D- G M Faint Yellow 
N G Faint 
Yrange 
Intracron Brilliant 
R. 81 
G F C Y G C Y 
Yellow G-E 
Intracron Brilliant 
R. 135 
G M C N G Faint 
Yellow 
Yellow 6G-E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE 3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
ORGANIC 
FILTRA- INOR- 
FIXA- TION GANIC 
DYE C.I. 
TION RATE FILTRATE FOAM 
FIXATION 
FILTRATE FOAM 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Nylanthrene Blue LGGL 
A. 40 
G F C Y NG Lt.-Dk. 
Ylue 
Nylanthrene Brilliant Blue 
A- G M-F Light Blue 
N NG Lt.-Dk. 
Ylue 
2RFF 
Stylacyl Blue RP 
A. 298 
NG S Clean to Blue 
N NG Clean to 
Nlue 
Intralite Turquoise Blue 
D. 189 
G S C Y G C Y 
GRLL 
Intralite Blue 8GLL 
D- G F C Y G V. Light 
Yink 
Intralite Blue 3GLST 
D- G M C N NG Dark Blue 
Y 
Intracron Turquoise HA 
R. 71 
G M C Y G C Y 
Intracron Turquoise Blue 
R. 7 
G M C N G C Y 
G-E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE 4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
ORGANIC 
FILTRATION INORGANIC 
DYE C.I. 
FIXATION 
RATE FILTRATE 
FOAM 
FIXATION 
FILTRATE 
FOAM 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Intralan Grey BL-S 
A. 60S 
G F C Y G Faint 
Yink 
Direct Black E-SE 
D- G M Faint Yellow 
Y NG Dark 
Yrown 
Intracron Black VS-B 
R. 5 
G F Faint Purple 
N NG Faint to 
Yark 
Purple 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 3 
The products according to the present invention were evaluated in 
polypropylene at a 1.0% dye/kaolin pigment level. The actual dye level of 
each dye/kaolin pigment was as follows: 
(a) 36.0% c.i. reactive yellow 111/fine particle kaolin. 
(b) 40.0% c.i. reactive blue 209/fine particle kaolin. 
(c) 33.3% c.i. reactive red 124/fine particle kaolin. 
The products were incorporated into the polypropylene which was the 
commercial product Himont 66.1 at the 1.0% organic dye/kaolin pigment 
level. The results are set forth in Table 5 below wherein tensile modulus, 
tensile yield, flexural modulus, flexural strength and izod impact are 
indicated in comparison with a control. In general there was a modest gain 
in tensile and flexural properties from the addition of the organic 
dye/kaolin product to the polypropylene. 
TABLE 5 
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TENSILE 
TENSILE 
FLEXURAL 
FLEXURAL 
IZOD 
MODULUS, 
YIELD, 
MODULUS, 
STRENGTH, 
IMT, 
psi psi psi psi ft-lb/in 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Control 233,400 
5,154 239,900 
7,180 1.02 
(no dye/ 
kaolin pigment) 
1.0% A 308,000 
5,362 267,300 
7,329 1.12 
1.0% B 279,900 
5,349 268,300 
7,363 0.80 
1.0% C 303,900 
5,283 259,600 
7,158 0.80 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
NOTE: Sample with A showed fair dispersion; sample with B, poor 
dispersion; sample with C, fairto-poor dispersion. 
The invention has been described herein with reference to certain preferred 
embodiments. However, as obvious variations thereon will become apparent 
to those skilled in the art, the invention is not to be considered as 
limited thereto.