MULTIPLANAR EXERCISE DEVICE

A bilaterally gripped multiplanar exercise device that is ergonomically designed to avoid harmful stresses on the user's body throughout a selected range of exercise motion is disclosed. The invention enables the user to perform multiplanar exercise that cannot be achieved with existing devices or perhaps too difficult to do so. These objects are attained by dispersing an attached tension vector (i.e., resistance) to act at a selected ratio at each middle finger grip center so that the user's gripping hands, wrists, and forearms can become an ergonomic multiplanar interface of resistance application to the human body.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed invention relates to exercise equipment and methods of exercising, including tension receiving exercise devices allowing single and multiplanar functional exercise.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In physics, tension is generally described as a pulling force transmitted axially by means of a cable, rope, or similar object. This pulling force transmitted axially through a cable has a direction and magnitude that is commonly referred to as a tension vector. Furthermore, physics states torque is the tendency of a force vector applied to an object to make it rotate about an axis. When the force/tension vector intersects the object's axis, the torque on the object is zero or neutral and as the force/tension vector's perpendicular distance away from the axis increases so does the torque. The force/tension vector's perpendicular distance away from the axis is referred to as the torque-arm.

Human movement can be described as occurring in three planes that include the frontal plane, sagittal plane, and transverse plane. The frontal plane separates the body into “front and back” and involves movements that occur laterally. The sagittal plane separates the body into “right and left” and involves movements of the body forward and backwards. The transverse plane separates the body into “top and bottom” and involves rotational movements.

Multiplanar functional exercise is important for several reasons. Human movements that occur in three planes allow us to run, jump, throw, flip, lift, juke, spin, block, and much more. The problem with only training one plane of movement such as the sagittal plane is that when we are subjected to movement in other planes injuries are more likely to occur. For example, ankle sprains that occur in the frontal plane (i.e., lateral movements) are common for athletes who are inefficient at changing direction. Functionality in all planes of motion is not only essential for athletics but also for the everyday activities of living. Training in all three planes of movement will not only help reduce the risk of injury but improve stability, balance, and overall performance. Life and sport demand humans to move efficiently through all planes of motion. By incorporating multiplanar functional exercise this demand can be met.

Bilaterally gripped tension receiving exercise devices such as the lat pull-down bar, tricep bar, curl bar, and row bar are designed for single plane exercise movements that are mostly limited to a user's sagittal plane. Generally referred to as “cable attachments” and for the purposed of document brevity, these bilaterally gripped tension receiving exercise devices will be also referred to as “bilaterally gripped exercise devices.” These bilaterally gripped exercise devices are typically connected to a tension transmitting cable or an elastomeric member and the tension they transmit has a direction and a magnitude and is referred to in this application as a “tension vector.” Commonly, the tension transmitted is generated from a cable machine's selectorized weight-stack adapted to eliminate inertia issues by utilizing a 2 to 4:1 hoist ratio. At these hoist ratios, stack inertia is synchronized with vigorously performed exercise movements. Furthermore, these bilaterally gripped exercise devices are made of steel, heavy, and typically weigh from 10-20 lbs. Consequently, performable exercises are restricted due to this excessive weight and subsequent inertia problems.

The bilaterally gripped exercise devices mentioned above are laterally symmetrical about a central plane and have a general architecture that includes bilateral handles, a handle joining assembly, and a tension vector receiving assembly. The central plane is the perpendicular bisector of the space extending between the bilateral handles. The handle joining assembly is typically a central bar or frame structure that extends and joins the bilateral handles. The tension vector receiving assembly is centrally supported by the handle joining assembly and is bisected by the central plane. At its simplest, the tension vector receiving assembly includes an extended flange having a tension engageable hole at its distal end. A more complex alternate tension vector receiving assembly includes an axle supported by the handle joining assembly and extending normal to the central plane. The axle is additionally fitted with a sleeve adapted to rotate about the axle. The sleeve is further adapted with an extended flange having a tension engageable hole at its distal end. This configuration allows the tension engageable hole to rotate about the axle and within the central plane.

Bilaterally gripped exercise devices create a tension vector acting from where the cable machine's cable emanates and extends through the tension vector receiving assembly to an effective attachment point along the handle joining assembly where it is than transmitted to the bilateral handles. The tension vector's interaction between the design of the tension vector receiving assembly, the handle joining assembly, and spatial bilateral handle configuration determines performable exercises, comfortability, and ergonomics. Common to all the above mentioned and similar existing bilaterally gripped exercise devices is a tension vector receiving assembly primarily designed to receive tension vectors restricted to the device's central plane. This restriction results from the above-described rotating flanged sleeve having a crude steel on steel sleeve bearing configuration that only accepts radial loads produced by tension vectors restricted to the central plane. Axial loads or thrust loads created by tension vectors acting at an angle to the central plane like those produced by multiplanar functional exercise would cause a binding/sticking effect within the sleeve bearing resulting in an inconsistent resistance application. Additionally, as the tension vector angle departs further away from the central plane its effective attachment point will quickly drift to the opposite handle of the exercise device due to the offset tension attachment point of the extended flange. This creates the opposite handle to unfavorably receive a greater portion of the tension vector. Furthermore, because these bilaterally gripped exercise devices are designed to receive tension vectors restricted to the central plane, their respective performable exercises are therefore largely restricted to the user's sagittal plane.

Another feature common to all the above mentioned and similar existing bilaterally gripped exercise devices is a tension vector receiving assembly that creates an inherent torque about the bilateral handles. As mentioned above, torque is the tendency of a force or tension vector applied to an object such as the bilaterally gripped exercise device that can cause it to rotate about an axis. This inherent torque is a result of a tension vector receiving assembly delivering an effective tension vector that acts at a distance (i.e., torque-arm) from a hypothetical box drawn about the bilateral handles. When in use this inherent torque will cause the bilaterally gripped exercise device to rotate and find a position of equilibrium (i.e., neutral torque) unless countered by the user's opposing force. Commonly this inherent torque is by design and utilized to ensure the bilaterally gripped exercise device will present an initial ergonomic grip position that will be maintained throughout its range of motion to complement its intended purpose. An example of this is the V-shaped tricep bar where its bilateral handles are located on the opposing sides of the V-shape and the tension vector receiving assembly is welded to the apex (i.e., central plane). The tricep bar's tension vector receiving assembly comprises of an extended flange having a tension vector attachable hole at its distal end. The base of the extended flange is welded to the V's apex with its tension engageable hole and distal end extending past it. When attached to the cable machine's elevated position the tricep bar's configuration will naturally hang as an inverted V and present an initial ergonomic grip position that will be maintain throughout its range of motion to facilitate a tricep extension exercise.

For a bilaterally gripped tension vector receiving exercise device to correctly facilitate multiplanar functional exercise, it must allow a user the ability to pull, push and rotate it freely about multiple planes of movement while simultaneously applying a balanced tension to each bilaterally gripping hand in a manner that hand torque about the wrists can be largely neutral or easily managed. A large limiting factor when attempting to perform multiplanar functional exercise with current bilaterally gripped exercise devices is the pain experienced about the hand and wrist. This pain results from the stress and resultant strain of managing unfavorable hand torque about the wrist. Currently most bilaterally gripped exercise devices are designed for single plane exercise movements occurring in the user's sagittal plane. In fact, if a user attempted directing these current devices through a multiplanar exercise they would experience unfavorable hand torque about the wrist. This results from a tension vector receiving assembly that at some point along the user's range of motion delivers an effective tension vector that acts at a distance (i.e., torque-arm) from the hypothetical box drawn about the bilateral handles. This torque acts to rotate the bilateral handles to a position of equilibrium that is inline to the tension vector. To accommodate for this, the user must not only overcome the tension vector's “normal” inline tension, but also generate an additional opposing rotational force to maintain a comfortable grip. This relentless state of opposing the unfavorable torque to maintain a comfortable grip, places an additional stress on the user that can result in pain, injury, and limit the type and execution of desired exercises.

Of all the bilaterally gripped tension vector receiving exercise devices the rope attachment is most commonly utilized to facilitate multiplanar functional exercise. These movements include some form of torso rotation/stabilization where the user grips both ends of the rope and performs a multiplanar exercise. By virtue of allowing the rope to enter the top of the grasping hand and terminate at its bottom, a tension vector is created that can torque the top of the gripping hand and wrist toward the point of cable emanation and the opposite is true if the rope is allowed to enter at the bottom of the hand. Therefore, rope attachment exercise resistance levels are extremely limited due to hand torque about the wrist. Even at small resistance levels this torque can cause unfavorable hand and wrist pain that may result in injury and limit the type and execution of desired exercises. It is important to point out that the rope attachment's handle joining assembly is the flexible rope itself and by virtue of its flexible characteristic sets it into a different category than that of the disclosed invention.

In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a bilaterally gripped tension vector receiving exercise device that addresses the above-described issues by providing a largely torque-free, balanced, ergonomic tension-application for the performance of single and multiplanar functional exercise. There is also a need for the new methods of exercise that can be facilitated with such devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a multiplanar bilaterally gripped tension vector receiving exercise device (referred to as a “multiplanar exercise device”) that is ergonomically designed to avoid unnatural stresses on the user's body while facilitating single and multiplanar functional exercise.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that actively receives a tension vector from all selected exercise angles and simultaneously applies a balanced tension application to each bilaterally gripping hand in a manner that hand torque about the wrists can be largely neutral or easily managed.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that enables a user to perform exercises that cannot be accomplished with existing devices or may be more difficult, painful, or uncomfortable to do so.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that by bilaterally gripping the present invention an active supporting bridge is formed across the upper-torso/shoulder-girdle that aids in maximizing the strength expressed during multiplanar functional exercise.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that accommodates the universal athletic position (i.e., athletic ready position) where a natural bilateral grip angle is generally 60 degrees from horizontal with opposing palms facing down and thumbs up and at a shoulder's width apart.

A further object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that with respect to tension application to a gripping hand, recognizes the significance that the two axes of hand rotation intersect at the wrist's capitate bone which is located at the base of the middle finger's metacarpal bone and therefore inline to both the middle finger's grip circle and grip center.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that allows an exercise pull-phase (i.e., gripping hands & wrists under tension), an exercise push-phase (i.e., gripping hands & wrists under compression), and an exercise transition-phase (i.e., transition from a pull or push-phase and vice versa) that can be ergonomically performed singularly or in any combination thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that facilitates optional handle designs that can accommodate a user's preferred size, shape, and or tactile requirements.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that allows the user to quickly rotate/transition from a pull-phase grip 180-degrees about the tension vector's effective attachment point and immediately establish a push-phase grip (and vice versa).

A further object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that is lightweight, strong, durable, and adds no significant mass and related inertia issues to an exercising user.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that facilitates specific spatial handle configurations that can be either static or while in use actively directed by the user to accommodate for exercise specific movements and or user specific ergonomic requirements.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that facilitates a largely neutral torque state about the gripping hands, wrists, and forearms during an exercise's pull and push-phase grips.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that allows users to selectively stand, sit, lie, or kneel and perform multiplanar functional exercises.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that during the transition from a pull-phase grip to a push-phase grip and vice-versa, allows the user to selectively lessen exposure time to unfavorable torque about the gripping hands, wrists, and forearms.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that allows the user to efficiently select proper ergonomic grip positions prior to initiating exercise.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiplanar exercise device that can also selectively deliver different ratios of the attached tension vector to the bilaterally gripping hands.

The multiplanar exercise device of the present invention is adapted to receive a tension transmitting cable like that provided by “cable machines” readily available in the strength and conditioning industry. These tension transmitting cables or similar tension providing devices such as elastomeric members (e.g., elastic tubing, bands, or bungee cord) transmit a tension that has a direction and a magnitude and is referred to in this application as a tension vector. Generally, the multiplanar exercise device of the present invention is symmetrical about a central plane and has a general design that includes a pair of handles each having a grip point, a handle joining assembly, and a tension vector receiving assembly. The central plane is a perpendicular bisector of the space and a line extending between opposing grip points.

To ergonomically design a multiplanar exercise device that maximizes the expression of multiplanar functional strength while minimizing pain and associated injury, it is paramount to understand the anatomy of a gripping hand, wrist, and forearm. This understanding begins with the notion that the multiplanar exercise device can be engineered to manipulate a centrally attached tension vector to act from any point about each bilateral handle. Therefore, to satisfy the general ergonomic goal of finding ways to make strenuous, often repetitive work, less likely to cause muscle and joint injuries one must consider what is the best point about each bilaterally gripped handle that the centrally attached tension vector should act from. These best points will be referred to as the grip points and are symmetrically located about the central plane. To resolve this, one must examine the musculoskeletal system of the gripping hand, wrist, and forearm to recognize a natural inline geometry of three anatomical features. This natural inline geometry occurs when the gripping hand is squarely supported on the forearm in a neutral state exhibiting neither “flexion or extension” or “ulna or radius deviation” about the wrist. The first and perhaps the most important inline anatomical feature to recognize is a middle finger grip center and it is essentially the central point of a middle finger grip circle that wraps around a handle. The second inline anatomical feature is a wrist's capitate bone located in line to the middle finger grip center and at the base of the middle finger's metacarpal bone. Moreover, the wrist's capitate bone is also where two axes of hand rotation uniquely intersect. These axes of hand rotation include a flexion/extension axis and an ulna/radius deviation axis. The third inline anatomical feature is a forearm's effective structural length. When these three anatomical features (middle finger grip center, wrist's capitate bone, and the forearm's effective structural length) become collinear with the applied tension vector acting at each handle's grip point, an ergonomic neutral torque state about each gripping hand is provided.

For the above collinear relationship to exist and create the neutral torque state, the user must establish a bilateral grip where each middle finger grip center coincides with respective grip points. Therefore, the grip points must be located at a point along each handle's longitudinal centerline to allow coincidence with respective middle finger grip centers. Consequently, grip points represent the preferred location for a user to establish respective middle finger grip centers. In addition, the tension vector's effective attachment point must coincide with the bisecting point of a line extending between the grip points. This line will be referred to as a grip point line and the point bisecting it will be referred to as a pivot point. When the tension vector's effective attachment point coincides with the pivot point of the grip point line it allows the transmitted tension vector to create a balanced parallel tension vector at each grip point that acts parallel to and with half the magnitude of the centrally attached tension vector. Accordingly, when each middle finger grip center coincide with respective grip points, each parallel tension vector can simultaneously intersect the axes of hand rotation at the capitate bone and become collinear with the forearm's effective structural length whereby preventing the formation of a torque-arm about the capitate bone and subsequent torque about each gripping hand. This ergonomic neutral torque state allows maximum expression of multiplanar functional strength by facilitating a torque-free, balanced, comfortable, ergonomic tension-application about the bilaterally gripping hands, wrists, and forearms.

Additionally, the above ergonomic neutral torque state exists in two exercise phases: the first when the gripping hands and wrists are under tension from the applied tension vector and is referred to as a pull-phase; and the second when the gripping hands and wrists are under compression from the applied tension vector and is referred to as a push-phase. A third exercise phase referred to as a transition-phase are all the remaining exercise phases that are not largely in a pull or push-phase. During transition-phases the potential of hand torque about the wrists peaks when the tension vector approaches a plane that extends along the grip point line and is largely normal to the forearm's effective structural length. These peak torque loads acting on the gripping hands occur between the transition (i.e., transition-phase) from a pull to push-phase or vice versa and when reach an uncomfortable level they can be managed to facilitate the performance of multiplanar functional exercise.

To manage these peak torque loads the present invention utilizes the tension vector receiving assembly that functions to direct the incoming tension vector from performed exercise angles to the bisecting pivot point of the grip point line. This combined with each middle finger grip center coinciding with respective grip points, creates a unique torque-free pivot point state in which the user can freely rotate/tilt the gripped handles 3-dimensionally about the pivot point. The pivot point state allows the user to quickly rotate a pull-phase exercise grip 180-degrees about the pivot point and immediately establish a push-phase exercise grip (and vice versa). This 180-degree grip rotation about the pivot point can be quickly executed to limit the user's exposure to any harmful torque about the gripping hands and wrists. In addition, to aid in the performance of this 180-degree grip rotation, the user can impart excess inertia to a weight-stack based tension vector allowing it to effectively float through peak hand torque transition-phases whereby alleviating potential pain and associated injury. Therefore, during the pull, transition, and push-phases of multiplanar functional exercise the present invention provides a balanced pain-free ergonomic tension-application about the gripping hands, wrists, and forearms to facilitate their performance.

As discussed above, the present invention's tension vector receiving assembly functions to direct the attached tension vector from performed exercise angles to a single point referred to as the pivot point. The pivot point is that point that bisects the line (i.e., grip point line) that extends between grip points. To accomplish this the tension vector receiving assembly must be designed to prevent an unfavorable drift/departure of the tension vector's effective attachment point from the pivot point during multiplanar exercise. An example of unfavorable drift can result from an offset tension attachment point that rotates (i.e., rotating flanged sleeve) about the grip point line while receiving a multiplanar tension vector whose incoming angle largely departs from the central plane. More specifically, as the tension vector angle departs further from the central plane its tension vector's effective attachment point will quickly drift down the grip point line towards the opposite handle. As a result, the opposite handle will receive a greater portion of the tension vector. Furthermore, during exercise transition-phases the rotating flanged sleeve can become hung-up on a 180-degree grip rotation and suddenly flip to realign whereby causing an unfavorable jolt and inconsistent tension application.

When resolving the above issues, many factors must be considered to properly design a reliable, lightweight, and cost-effective tension vector receiving assembly that can direct the attached tension vector from performed exercise angles to the pivot point of the grip point line. Although the present invention provides several alternate embodiments of the tension vector receiving assembly, one preferred embodiment utilizes a rotating trunnion sleeve that supports two intersecting perpendicular axes of rotation that intersect at the pivot point and having one axis collinear to the grip point line.

More specifically, this embodiment of the present invention is a multiplanar exercise device generally including the pair of handles (i.e., bilateral handles) each having the grip point adapted to receive the middle finger grip center, the central plane, the handle joining assembly, the tension vector receiving assembly, a central axle supporting a 1staxis of rotation, the tension vector, the grip point line, a middle finger grip marker, the middle finger grip circle, a rotating trunnion sleeve supporting the 1stand a 2ndaxis of rotation, the pivot point, a tension vector attachment assembly, a line of tension, and a swivel assembly forming an optional 3rdaxis of rotation. The bilateral handles (i.e., pair of handles) are spaced at a shoulder's width apart with opposing natural grip angles of 60 degrees from horizontal and adapted to be gripped with opposing palms facing down and thumbs up. The central plane is a perpendicular bisector of the space and a line extending between opposing grip points. The handle joining assembly includes the bilateral handles, a pair of opposing handle joining members and the central axle. The bilateral handles are joined together at their top terminal ends by the handle joining members which extend and join to the central axle. The central axle forms the 1staxis of rotation and intersects each bilateral handle's longitudinal centerline at the above opposing 60 degrees. These bilateral points of intersection are the grip points where the potential of hand torque about the wrist caused by the applied tension vector can be largely neutral or easily managed. The line extending between the grip points is the grip point line and is collinear to the central axle's 1staxis of rotation. The visible and or tactile middle finger grip markers are adapted to the handle's surface and represent the effective location of each grip point. These grip markers enable the user to quickly establish a correct grip by concentrically positioning their middle finger grip circle about them whereby allowing their middle finger grip center to become superimposed with respective grip points. The rotating trunnion sleeve is supported by a series of double row angular contact ball bearings mounted centrally about the central axle and are capable of efficiently managing both radial and bi-directional axial loads. This arrangement allows the rotating trunnion sleeve to concentrically rotate about the central axle's 1staxis of rotation and the collinear grip point line. Furthermore, the rotating trunnion sleeve is furnished with a pair of 180 degree opposing trunnions that form the 2ndaxis of rotation. This 2ndaxis of rotation is coplanar to the central plane and is also a perpendicular bisector of the grip point line that extends between the grip points. Similarly, the 1staxis of rotation and the collinear grip point line is also a perpendicular bisector of the distance that spans along the 2ndaxis of rotation between the trunnion axles. The intersection point of the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation coincides at the bisecting pivot point of the grip point line. The 2ndaxis of rotation is supported by the 1staxis of rotation and rotates with and about the 1staxis. Therefore if the 1staxis of rotation rotates, the supported 2ndaxis of rotation will rotate/swing with it. Conversely, if the 1staxis of rotation is stagnated, the 2ndaxis of rotation can still rotate independently.

Each trunnion axle supports a pulley made of high bearing grade plastic that rotates about the 2ndaxis and is supported between a lower thrust surface at the base of each trunnion axle and an upper thrust surface provided by a trunnion axle terminating screw mounted cap. The tension vector attachment assembly is attached to the pulleys whereby allowing it to rotate about the 2ndand 1staxis of rotation. The tension vector attachment assembly includes the pulleys, a tension transmitting structure, a tension vector attachable member, and an optional 3rdaxis of rotation. The tension transmitting structure is referred to as a yoke and acts as a bridge/span that connects the rotating pulleys together and forms a clearance feature. The clearance feature provides clearance to allow the tension transmitting structure/yoke to rotate about the trunnion assembly's 2ndaxis of rotation without interference. Similarly, the clearance feature also allows the tension transmitting structure/yoke to largely rotate about the 1staxis of rotation (i.e., handle joining assembly) without interference. More specifically, the tension transmitting structure/yoke is formed by twelve strand UHMWPE rope (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene rope) and modified with a locked Brummel eye-splice at each end. Each eye-splice is adjusted to have an interference fit over each pulley and come to rest in a respective pulley groove. When the multiplanar exercise device is in use, the UHMWPE rope assembly (i.e., tension transmitting structure/yoke) becomes tensioned and forms a V-shaped tension transmitting structure/yoke. This V-shaped tension transmitting structure/yoke preferably has a length that extends past a handle's distal end. Benefits of this construction and length include (1) a strong narrow profile combined with the extended V-shaped clearance that provides less interference with the multiplanar exercise device and subsequent greater exercise angles and (2) a soft nondestructive exterior of the UHMWPE rope or an optional protective nylon sleeve that may occasionally sweep against the gripping hands or an interfering surface of the multiplanar exercise device.

The tension vector attachable member comprises of the swivel assembly that is adapted to engage a central apex of the V-shaped UHMWPE rope and provide a 3rdaxis of rotation for a bearing mounted swivel eye. The line of tension is created by virtue of attaching the tension vector to the swivel eye (i.e., tension vector attachable member) while the gripping user opposes it. The line of tension extends from the swivel eye and bisects the V-shaped clearance feature from the central apex to the pivot point. Furthermore, the line of tension is (1) perpendicular to the 2ndaxis of rotation, (2) swivels about the 2ndand the 1staxis of rotation and (3) actively stays collinear with the attached tension vector, the pivot point, and the 3rdaxis of rotation. This active collinear alignment is accomplished by the tension vector opposing the user and simultaneously (1) driving the pulley-mounted tension vector attachment assembly to rotate about the 2ndaxis of rotation, (2) driving the central trunnion sleeve and the tension vector attachment assembly to rotate about the 1staxis of rotation and (3) driving the swivel eye to rotate about the 3rdaxis of rotation as subsequent torque equilibrium is maintained about each axis. Therefore, this arrangement allows the tension vector receiving assembly to direct the incoming tension vector from performed exercise angles to the pivot point along the grip point line and provides numerous advantages that will be discussed.

The swivel eye's 3rdaxis of rotation accommodates for the subsequent torque equilibrium between (1) the independent rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and (2) the inherent twist/lay that exists along the length of the attached tension transmitting cable or elastomeric member. Furthermore, many tension vector supplying machines (i.e., cable machines) include a swivel at their terminal engagement link that may reduce or eliminate the need for the tension vector attachment assembly to redundantly accommodate for this 3rdaxis of rotation. This allows for a nonrotating tension vector attachable member or simply directly attaching the swiveling terminal engagement link to the central apex of the V-shaped tension transmitting structure/yoke (of the UHMWPE rope assembly).

An advantage of the present invention is that it can direct the incoming tension vector from all selected exercise angles to the pivot point along the grip point line and apply a balanced tension to bilaterally gripping hands in a manner that hand torque about the wrist can be largely neutral or easily managed.

Another advantage of one preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the tension vector receiving assembly utilizes two intersecting perpendicular axes of rotation that can direct the incoming tension vector from all selected exercise angles to the pivot point along the grip point line and apply a balanced tension to bilaterally gripping hands in a manner that hand torque about the wrist can be largely neutral or easily managed.

Yet another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a balanced parallel tension vector at each bilateral grip point that acts parallel to and with half the magnitude of the incoming tension vector. When each parallel tension vector become collinear with its respective middle finger grip center, capitate bone, and the forearm's effective structural length they create an ergonomic neutral torque state. This ergonomic neutral torque state allows maximum expression of multiplanar functional strength by facilitating a torque-free, balanced, comfortable, ergonomic tension-application about the gripping hands, wrists, and forearms.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the ergonomic neutral torque state allows maximum expression of multiplanar functional strength during the pull and push-phase of multiplanar exercise.

A further advantage of the present invention is that by allowing the middle finger grip center to coincide with respective grip points and by simultaneously directing the tension vector from performed exercise angles to the pivot point of the grip point line, a pivot point state is provided. When this condition of unique point coincidence is met, the pivot point state allows the user to freely rotate/tilt the handles 3-dimensionally about the pivot point. Moreover, the pivot point state allows the user to quickly rotate a pull-phase exercise grip 180-degrees about the pivot point and immediately establish a push-phase exercise grip (and vice versa).

Another advantage of the present invention is that the 180-degree grip rotation about the pivot point can be quickly executed, as to limit the user's exposure to any harmful torque about the gripping hands and wrists that may reach an uncomfortable level when transitioning from a pull-phase exercise grip to a push-phase exercise grip (and vice versa).

Still another advantage of the present invention is that it is constructed of ultra-strong lightweight materials like molded composites, UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) rope, high-pressure die-casting alloys or CNC machined parts like that made of 7075-T6 aluminum. By utilizing these processes and materials, weight savings approaching five times less than current similar devices can be achieved and effectively produce a multiplanar exercise device weighing between 3 to 4 pounds with a working load limit of 500 pounds.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the middle finger grip marker adapted to each handle's surface represent the effective location of each ergonomically determined grip point. These visible and or tactile grip markers enable the user to quickly establish a correct grip by concentrically positioning their middle finger's grip circle about them, whereby allowing their middle finger grip center to become superimposed with respective grip points. As a result of having the correct grip, both the neutral torque state and the pivot point state about the gripping hands, wrists, and forearms can exist and benefit the user's ability to perform multiplanar functional exercise.

Yet another advantage of one embodiment of the present invention is that it provides a pair of bilateral handle posts to facilitate interchangeable handle designs that can accommodate a user's preferred size, shape, or tactile requirements.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the best presently known modes of carrying out the invention, which taken with the accompanying drawings disclose several embodiments of the disclosed invention.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a multiplanar bilaterally gripped tension vector receiving exercise device for performing single and multiplanar functional exercise. In the following description, the multiplanar bilaterally gripped tension vector receiving exercise device is generally referred to as a “multiplanar exercise device.” The multiplanar exercise device is adapted to attach to a tension transmitting cable like that provided by “cable machines” readily available in the strength and conditioning industry. The tension utilized by these cable machines may be derived from weight plates, hydraulics, pneumatics, magnetics, electromagnetics, or centrifugal flywheels to mention a few. These “tension vector sources” that include the aforementioned cable machines or similar devices such as elastomeric members (e.g., elastic tubing, bands, or bungee cords) transmit a tension vector that has a direction and a magnitude and is referred to in this application as a tension vector7(seeFIGS.2-7,17,18D-18F,19,21,22,23,24,24A,25,26,30,31,33,34,35,37&38). Furthermore, these tension vector sources support points in space where tension vectors7emanate from and are referred to in this application as a tension vector source point1as shown inFIG.4.

Referring toFIGS.1-7, the multiplanar exercise device is suited for use with a variety of exercise equipment and may exist in multiple embodiments. The multiplanar exercise device utilizes a fundamental architecture to transmit an attached tension vector7to a pair of bilaterally gripped handles28. This fundamental architecture is generally referred to as a grip point geometry2and comprises of the pair of handles28each having a grip point4adapted to receive a middle finger grip center15, a central plane3, a handle joining assembly32, a grip point line5, the tension vector7, a tension vector receiving assembly33, a pair of parallel tension vectors10, an ergonomic neutral torque state26, a torque-free pivot point state27, and a user's gripping hands12. The multiplanar exercise device is generally symmetrical about the central plane3, as shown inFIG.1. The central plane3is a perpendicular bisector of the space and the grip point line5extending between the grip points4. The handle joining assembly32spans between and supports the bilateral handles28. Furthermore, the handle joining assembly32supports the tension vector receiving assembly33about the central plane3.

In the following description,FIGS.1-16show one preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizing a trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33.FIGS.17-38Gshow alternate embodiments of the multiplanar exercise device of the present invention. More specifically,FIG.1shows the general components and assemblies of the present invention,FIGS.2&3illustrate the features of grip point geometry2without the user's gripping hands12,FIGS.4-4Cexemplify a user21performing a multiplanar functional exercise22with the present invention,FIGS.5-7illustrate the features of grip point geometry2with the user's gripping hands12, andFIGS.8-14Bshow exploded, sectioned, and detailed views of the components and assemblies of the embodiment of the present invention shown inFIGS.1-7.FIGS.15-16show an alternate trunnion assembly34.FIGS.17-17Ashow an alternate tension vector attachment assembly38for the trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.1-16.FIGS.18-18Cillustrate alternate tension vector engagement assemblies38for the trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.1-16.FIGS.18D-18Gillustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing an alternate trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33and an alternate handle joining assembly32.FIGS.19-22illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing a fairlead/orifice113based tension vector receiving assembly33and an alternate handle joining assembly32.FIGS.23-25Billustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing a clevis127based tension vector receiving assembly33and an alternate handle joining assembly32.FIGS.26-28illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing a flag block145based tension vector receiving assembly33.FIGS.29-36illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing independent grip point axes159,160, &161.FIGS.37-37Billustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing a ball-joint based tension vector receiving assembly227.FIGS.38-38Gillustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing an orifice-based tension vector receiving assembly33.FIGS.39-39Billustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing a trunnion-based force vector receiving assembly263.

Referring toFIGS.2-7, to ergonomically design the multiplanar exercise device that maximizes the expression of multiplanar functional strength while minimizing pain and associated injury it is paramount to understand the anatomy of the gripping hand12, a wrist13, and a forearm14(seeFIGS.4-7). This understanding begins with the notion that the multiplanar exercise device can be engineered to manipulate the attached tension vector7to act from any point about each bilateral handle28. Therefore, to satisfy the general ergonomic goal of finding ways to make strenuous, often repetitive work, less likely to cause muscle and joint injuries one must consider what is the “best point” about each bilaterally gripped handle28that the centrally attached tension vector7should act from. The “best point” will be referred to as the grip point4. To resolve this, one must examine the musculoskeletal system of the gripping hand12, wrist13, and forearm14to recognize a natural inline geometry of three anatomical features. As shown inFIGS.4-7, this natural inline geometry occurs when the gripping hand12is squarely supported on the forearm14in a neutral state exhibiting neither “flexion or extension” or “ulna or radius deviation” about the wrist13. The first and perhaps the most important inline anatomical feature to recognize is a middle finger grip center15and it is essentially the central point of a middle finger grip circle16that wraps around the handle28. The second inline anatomical feature is a wrist's13capitate bone17located in-line to the middle finger grip center15and at the base of a middle finger's metacarpal bone (seeFIGS.6&7). Moreover, the wrist's13capitate bone17is where two axes of hand rotation uniquely intersect. These axes of hand rotation include a flexion/extension axis18and an ulna/radius deviation axis19(seeFIGS.6&7). The third inline anatomical feature is a forearm's effective structural length20(seeFIGS.6&7). When these three anatomical features (middle finger grip center15, capitate bone17, and the forearm's effective structural length20) become collinear with the attached tension vector7acting at each handle's grip point4, the ergonomic neutral torque state26about each gripping hand12is provided (seeFIGS.4-7except4B).

Referring toFIGS.4-7, for the above collinear relationship to exist and provide the neutral torque state26, the user21must establish bilateral grips12where each middle finger grip center15coincides with respective grip points4. Therefore, the grip points4must be located at a point along a longitudinal centerline11of each handle28to allow coincidence with respective middle finger grip centers15. Consequently, grip points4represent the preferred location for a user to establish respective middle finger grip centers15. Furthermore, the attached tension vector's7effective point of attachment along the handle joining assembly32is referred to as an effective attachment point8of the tension vector7. The tension vector effective attachment point8preferably coincides with a bisecting point of a line extending between the grip points4. This line is referred to as the grip point line5and the point bisecting it is referred to as the pivot point6(seeFIGS.2-3&5-7). (Refer toFIG.26for additional understanding of the attached tension vector effective attachment point8exhibiting a drift/departure9from the pivot point6). When the effective attachment point8of the tension vector7coincides with the pivot point6of the grip point line5, it allows the tension vector7transmitted through the multiplanar exercise device to create a balanced parallel tension vector10at each grip point4that acts parallel to and with half the magnitude of the attached tension vector7(seeFIGS.2-3&5-7). Consequently, when each middle finger grip center15coincide with respective grip points4, each parallel tension vector10can simultaneously intersect the axes of hand rotation at the capitate bone17and become collinear with the forearm's effective structural length20whereby preventing (1) the formation of a torque-arm about the capitate bone17and (2) any subsequent torque about each gripping hand12(seeFIGS.4A,4C,5-7). When this condition is met, grip point geometry2allows the ergonomic neutral torque state26to exist. The neutral torque state26exists in two exercise phases: the first when the gripping hands12and wrists13are under tension from the applied tension vector7and is referred to as an exercise pull-phase23(seeFIGS.2,4A,5&6); and the second when the gripping hands12and wrists13are under compression from the applied tension vector7and is referred to as an exercise push-phase24(seeFIGS.2,4C &7). Therefore, during the exercise pull-phase23and push-phase24the neutral torque state26allows maximum expression of multiplanar functional strength by facilitating a torque-free, balanced, comfortable, ergonomic tension/compression-application about the gripping hands12, wrists13, and forearms14.

Referring toFIGS.3&4B, a third exercise phase referred to as a transition-phase25are all the remaining exercise phases that are not largely in the pull23or push-phase24. During the exercise transition-phase25the potential of gripping hand12torque about the wrists13peaks when the attached tension vector7approaches a plane (not shown) that extends along the grip point line5and is largely normal to the forearm's effective structural length20(seeFIG.3). These peak torque loads acting on the gripping hands12occur between the transition (i.e., exercise transition-phase25, seeFIGS.3&4B) from the exercise pull-phase23to push-phase24or vice versa and when reach an uncomfortable level can be managed to facilitate the performance of multiplanar functional exercise22.

Referring again toFIGS.3&4B, to manage these peak torque loads that occur during exercise transition-phases25, the present invention utilizes the balanced parallel tension vectors10at each grip point4acting equally about the pivot point6. This combined with each middle finger grip center15coinciding with respective grip points4, creates the unique torque-free pivot point state27in which the user21can freely rotate/tilt (i.e., without torque) the gripped handles283-dimensionally about the pivot point6. This torque free state of rotation about the pivot point6(i.e., pivot point state27) results from the absence of a torque-arm being formed because the tension vector7intersects all selected axes of rotation/tilt at the pivot point6. As depicted inFIGS.4-7, the pivot point state27allows the user21to quickly rotate a pull-phase23exercise grip 180-degrees about the pivot point6and immediately establish a push-phase24exercise grip (and vice versa). This 180-degree grip rotation about the pivot point6can be quickly executed to limit the user's21exposure to any harmful torque about the gripping hands12and wrists13during exercise transition-phases25(seeFIG.4B). In addition, to aid in the performance of this 180-degree grip rotation the user21can impart excess inertia to a weight-stack based tension vector7allowing it to effectively float through peak hand torque transition-phases25whereby alleviating potential pain and associated injury. Grip point geometry2allows the pivot point state27to exist and be accessible during all three exercise phases (pull-phase23, push-phase24, and transition-phase25) as long as the middle finger grip centers15largely coincide with respective grip points4. Therefore, the pivot point state27can be selectively utilized by the user21any time during exercise to facilitate the performance of multiplanar functional exercise (seeFIGS.4-7).

Referring toFIGS.2-7, grip point geometry2is the fundamental architecture utilized by the present invention to transmit the attached tension vector7through the multiplanar exercise device to each grip point4and ultimately to the user's21gripping hands12. For the user to utilize the advantages of grip point geometry2their middle finger grip centers15must largely coincide with respective grip points4(seeFIGS.4-7). When this condition of grip coincidence is met, grip-point geometry2provides the balanced parallel tension vector10acting at each grip point4allowing both the neutral torque state26and the pivot point state27to be accessible and facilitate multiplanar functional exercise22.

Referring toFIGS.4-7, users21whose middle finger grip centers15are established at an offset from respective grip points4will experience unfavorable gripping hand torque about the wrist during the pull-phase23, push-phase24, and transition-phase25of multiplanar functional exercise22. As the offset of the established middle finger grip center15increases from respective grip points4, so will the unfavorable gripping hand torque about the wrist. Even small incremental offsets of the middle finger grip center15from respective grip points4can be detected by the user due to the manifestation of unfavorable gripping hand torque about the wrist. To neutralize unfavorable gripping hand torque due to the offset of middle finger grip centers15from respective grip points4the user should use a re-grip method. The re-grip method comprises of the user21while preferably in the exercise pull-phase23can simply re-grip along the handle's longitudinal length until gripping hand torque about the wrist abates and the neutral torque state26is established. The re-grip method to establish the neutral torque state26about the gripping hands is typically performed at the onset of exercise just as the user starts feeling the initial tension transmitted to the gripping hands12and may take as little as a second to complete. This re-grip method to establish the neutral torque state26about the gripping hands12will also accommodate for anatomy anomalies that are specific to the user21. Furthermore, the middle finger grip marker47is a quick grip reference aid to largely attain coincidence between the user's middle finger grip centers15and respective grip points4. Subsequently, the user may utilize the re-grip method to fine tune their grip and establish the neutral torque state26.

Referring toFIGS.1-7, grip point geometry2can provide an almost endless number of alternate embodiments of the present invention. This is a result of grip point geometry2being able to facilitate a vast number of bilateral handle28orientations as long as the handle joining assembly32supports the handles28, so the user's middle finger grip centers15can coincide with respective grip points4. These handle orientations can include any3-dimensional configuration and may be symmetrical or asymmetrical about the central plane3(seeFIG.1). Furthermore, these handle28orientations may be fixed, selectively adjustable, or actively directed during use by the user21. If these handle28orientations are selectively adjustable or actively directed during use by the user21, the handle joining assembly32must support the bilateral handles28, so they are restricted to pivot about the grip points4whereby maintaining established middle finger grip center15coincidence with respective grip points4(seeFIGS.30-36).

Referring to generally toFIGS.3,11,18-18G,19-22,23-25B, and29-38A, the tension vector receiving assembly33of the disclosed invention functions to largely direct the attached tension vector7from performed exercise angles to a single point referred to as the pivot point6of the grip point line5. To accomplish this, the tension vector receiving assembly33must be designed to prevent the unfavorable drift/departure9of the effective tension vector attachment point8from the pivot point6during multiplanar exercise (see effective attachment point8drift/departure9ofFIG.26). In addition to preventing drift/departure9of the effective tension vector attachment point8from the pivot point6during multiplanar exercise22, many factors must be considered to properly design a reliable, lightweight, and cost-effective tension vector receiving assembly33. Furthermore, for the purpose of conceptual visualization, if the pivot point6is at the center of a sphere, it would be preferred for the tension vector receiving assembly33to be capable of receiving/servicing the tension vector7from all points that fall on the sphere's surface, except for those points that create an in-line interference with the multiplanar exercise device or the gripping user. This conceptual sphere model where the pivot point6is the center of the sphere, will be used to describe the serviceability of the tension vector receiving assembly33to receive the tension vector7about its 3-dimensional space. The present invention provides several alternate embodiments of the tension vector receiving assembly33. These embodiments of the tension vector receiving assembly33range from those that receive the tension vector7from all points that fall on the conceptual sphere's surface (i.e. spherical, seeFIGS.1-18G &29-37B), to points restricted to a conceptual hemisphere's surface (i.e. hemispherical, seeFIGS.19-25B &38-38G) (except for those points that create an in-line interference with the multiplanar exercise device or the gripping user). The physical profile (i.e., form factor) of the multiplanar exercise device must be minimized to lessen its in-line interference. Therefore, provisions such as a narrowly-cut and tapered handle joining member51exemplified inFIGS.1-18, and18D-18Gare provided. Furthermore, hemispherical tension vector receiving assemblies33shown inFIGS.19-25B &38-38G, can be supported by the handle joining assembly32to serve a desired hemisphere about the pivot point6.

Referring toFIGS.1-25B &29-38G, a preferred embodiment of the tension vector receiving assembly33includes two intersecting perpendicular axes of rotation. The 1staxis of rotation29is supported by the handle joining assembly32and is preferably either collinear or perpendicular to the grip point line5. When the 1staxis of rotation29is supported by the handle joining assembly32to be collinear to the grip point line5, the “spherical” tension vector receiving assembly33can be facilitated (seeFIGS.1-18G &29-37B). Alternately, when the 1staxis of rotation29is supported by the handle joining assembly32to be perpendicular to the grip point line5, the “hemispherical” tension vector receiving assembly33can be facilitated (seeFIGS.19-25B &38-38G).

Referring now toFIGS.1-25B &29-38GespeciallyFIG.3, the 2ndaxis of rotation30is supported by the 1staxis29so that the 2ndaxis of rotation30is (1) perpendicular to the 1staxis29, (2) intersects the 1staxis29at the pivot point6of the grip point line5, and (3) rotates/swivels with and about the 1staxis29. Therefore if the 1staxis of rotation29rotates, the supported 2ndaxis of rotation30will rotate/swing with the 1staxis of rotation29. Conversely, if the 1staxis of rotation is stagnated, the 2ndaxis of rotation30can still rotate independently (seeFIG.3). Furthermore, the tension vector attachment assembly38is attached to the 2ndaxis of rotation30so that when the tension vector attachment assembly38is attached to the tension vector7and opposed by the user21, a line of tension42is created that is (1) perpendicular to the 2ndaxis of rotation30, (2) swivels about the 2ndaxis30and 1staxis of rotation29, and (3) actively stays collinear with the attached tension vector7, the pivot point6, and an optional 3rdaxis of rotation31. This active collinear alignment of the line of tension42, the attached tension vector7, the pivot point6, and the optional 3rdaxis of rotation31is driven by the tension vector7opposing the user21whereby creating torque/rotation about the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30as subsequent torque equilibrium is maintained. Therefore, this allows the tension vector receiving assembly33to direct the incoming tension vector7from performed exercise angles to the pivot point6along the grip point line5. The optional 3rdaxis of rotation31accommodates for the subsequent torque equilibrium between (1) the independent rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and (2) the inherent twist/lay that exists along the length of the attached tension transmitting cable or elastomeric member.

Referring now toFIGS.1-16, where a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown utilizing the spherical tension vector receiving assembly33. As mentioned above the “spherical” tension vector receiving assembly33can direct the tension vector7to the pivot point6of the grip point line5from all points about the multiplanar exercise device except for those points that create an in-line interference with the multiplanar exercise device or the gripping user21. This spherical tension vector receiving assembly33is uniquely suited to accommodate multiplanar functional exercise where pull23, push24, and transition-phase25exercise grips can be rapidly cycled from all possible incoming tension vector7angles (seeFIGS.2-7). More specifically, this embodiment of the present invention generally includes the pair of handles28(i.e., bilateral handles) each having the grip point4adapted to receive the middle finger grip center15, the central plane3, the handle joining assembly32, the tension vector receiving assembly33, a central axle59supporting the 1staxis of rotation29, the tension vector7, the grip point line5, a middle finger grip marker47, the middle finger grip circle16, a rotating trunnion sleeve67supporting the 1st29and the 2ndaxis of rotation30, the pivot point6, a tension vector attachment assembly38, the line of tension42, and the optional 3rdaxis of rotation31formed by a swivel assembly89(seeFIGS.4-7).

Referring toFIGS.4-7, the pair of handles28(i.e., bilateral handles) each having the grip point4adapted to receive the middle finger grip center15are spaced at a shoulders width apart with opposing natural grip angles of 60 degrees from horizontal. The bilateral handles28are adapted to be gripped with opposing palms facing down and thumbs up. This natural bilateral grip angle of 60 degrees from horizontal with opposing palms facing down and thumbs up and at a shoulder's width apart, accommodates the universal athletic position (i.e., athletic ready position) from which so many multiplanar functional exercises originate. The bilateral handles28have a textured surface44(e.g., knurled/dimpled) and are preferably made of a CNC machined 6061-T6 aluminum, a high-pressure die-casting alloy, or a lightweight molded plastic composite.

Referring toFIGS.8&9and especiallyFIGS.10,13&13A, the handle joining assembly32comprises of the bilateral handles28, the handle joining members51, and the central axle59. (It is understood that some assembly components of the invention interface with other assemblies and may be considered to be a part of more than one assembly.) The bilateral handles28are joined together at their top terminal ends by the handle joining members51which extend and join to the central axle59. The handle joining members51are preferably made of a CNC machined 7075-T6 aluminum, a high-pressure die-casting alloy, or a lightweight molded plastic composite. More specifically, each handle28is fastened to its respective handle joining member51by a screw57that extends through a hole52at the distal end of each handle joining member51. The screws57are then subsequently threaded into a threaded hole45of each handle28and tightened. As the screws57are tightened, a joining face55of each handle joining member51is clamped together with a respective joining face48of each handle28whereby joining the bilateral handles28to respective handle joining members51(seeFIG.13). Furthermore, a pin58is adapted to engage a pin hole46&53of the handles28and handle joining members51respectively and prevent rotation of the handle about the joining screw57(seeFIG.13). An alternate grip assembly depicted inFIG.9, shows an interchangeable handle post49attachable to the handle joining member51by the same method used (i.e., threaded hole45, pin hole46, & joining face48) as the above bilateral handles28. The interchangeable handle post49is preferably made of a CNC machined 6061-T6 aluminum, or a high-pressure die-casting alloy, or a lightweight molded plastic composite. Each interchangeable handle post49is adapted to receive an interchangeable handle50that utilize an interference slip-fit for retention. Other forms of retention may include a cap mounted on the distal end of the interchangeable grip posts49. The interchangeable handles50have the textured surface44and are preferably made of a thermoplastic rubber/polyurethane and can be designed to accommodate the user's preferred size, shape, or tactile requirements. Included in the interchangeable handle50design is the middle finger grip marker47having a visible and or tactile element (seeFIG.9).

Referring toFIG.8and especiallyFIGS.10,13&13A, each handle joining member51is fastened to the central axle59by two screws60that extend through respective holes54at the proximal end of each handle joining member51. The screws60are then subsequently threaded into respective threaded holes61of the central axle59and tightened. As the screws60are tightened, a joining face56of each handle joining member51are clamped together with a respective joining face64of the central axle59and whereby forming the handle joining assembly32(seeFIG.10).

Referring toFIGS.5-7, the central axle59forms the 1staxis of rotation29and intersects each bilateral handle's28longitudinal centerline11at the above opposing 60 degrees. These bilateral points of intersection are the grip points4where the potential of hand torque about the wrist caused by the applied tension vector7can be largely neutral or easily managed. The bilateral handles28and their supporting handle joining member51are designed to provide adequate gripping space for the middle finger grip circle16at the middle finger grip marker47(i.e., location of grip points4), as well as for the gripping thumb, index, ring, and pinky finger (seeFIGS.5-7& especially5). Furthermore, the bilateral handles28and their supporting handle joining member51can be adapted to accommodate for a wide range of gripping hand sizes. The line extending between the grip points4is the grip point line5and is collinear to the 1staxis of rotation29formed by the central axle59. The visible and or tactile middle finger grip markers47are adapted to the handle's surface and represent the effective location of each grip point4. These middle finger grip markers47enable the user21to quickly establish a correct grip by concentrically positioning their middle finger grip circle16about them whereby allowing their middle finger grip center15to become superimposed with respective grip points4(seeFIGS.5-7).

Referring toFIGS.8,11,13-14,14Band especiallyFIGS.11&13A, the tension vector receiving assembly33is comprised of a trunnion assembly34, the tension vector attachment assembly38, and the optional swivel assembly89forming the 3rdaxis of rotation31. The tension vector receiving assembly33is supported by a bearing support face63located about the central portion of the central axle59. The trunnion assembly34is essentially symmetrical about its center and comprises of the central axle59, a series of three bearings65, the rotating trunnion sleeve67supporting a pair of 180 degree opposing trunnion axles71, a pair of pulleys85, a pair of pulley caps76, and a pair of pulley cap screws80. More specifically, the series of three bearings65are mounted about the bearing support face63of the central axle59and retained by a pair of external retaining rings66that engage respective retaining grooves62of the central axle59. Furthermore, the bearing support face70of the rotating trunnion sleeve67is adapted to be pressed over the series of three bearings65up to an integral bearing stop68of the rotating trunnion sleeve67. The rotating trunnion sleeve67is then further retained to the bearings65by an internal retaining ring75that engages an integral retaining groove69of the rotating trunnion sleeve67. This arrangement securely retains the trunnion assembly34to the bearings65and to the central axle59as to allow the trunnion assembly34to concentrically rotate about the 1staxis of rotation29(i.e., grip point line5) formed by the central axle59(seeFIGS.11&13A). (Alternate or additional rotating trunnion sleeve67retention may include a bearing adhesive and or appropriate bearing lock nuts threaded to the central axle59and or the rotating trunnion sleeve67.) In addition, the series of three bearings65are preferably double row angular contact bearings capable of efficiently managing both radial and bi-directional axial loads placed on the trunnion assembly34by the attached tension vector7and the opposing user21.

Still referring toFIGS.8,11,13-14, &14B, the rotating trunnion sleeve67is furnished with the pair of 180 degree opposing trunnion axles71that form the 2ndaxis of rotation30. The 2ndaxis of rotation30is coplanar to the central plane3and is also a perpendicular bisector of the grip point line5that extends between the grip points4. Similarly, the 1staxis of rotation29and the collinear grip point line5is also a perpendicular bisector of the distance that spans along the 2ndaxis of rotation30between the trunnion axles71. Therefore, the intersection point of the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30coincides at the bisecting pivot point6of the grip point line5.

Still referring toFIGS.8,11,13-14,14Band especiallyFIGS.11&13A, a bore87of each pulley85is adapted to rotate about its respective trunnion axle71(i.e., 2ndaxis of rotation30) and is preferably made of a high bearing grade plastic like a molybdenum disulfide filled nylon. Furthermore, the pulleys85are adapted with opposing thrust faces88that bear against a lower thrust surface72at the base of each trunnion axle71and an upper thrust surface79provided by the trunnion axle71terminating pulley cap76. Each trunnion axle71terminating pulley cap76is fastened to the distal end of its respective trunnion axle71by a screw80that extends through a hole77at the center of the pulley cap76. The screws80are then subsequently threaded into a threaded hole74of each trunnion axle71and tightened. As the screws80are tightened, a joining face78of each pulley cap76is clamped together with a respective joining face73of each trunnion axle71. This arrangement securely retains the pulleys85between the thrust faces72&79while simultaneously allowing the pulleys85to rotate about respective trunnion axles71(i.e., 2ndaxis of rotation30).

Referring toFIGS.8,11, &14-14B and especiallyFIG.11, the tension vector attachment assembly38is comprised of the opposing pulleys85, a tension transmitting structure39, a tension vector attachable member40, and the optional 3rdaxis of rotation31provided by the swivel assembly89. (It is understood that some assembly components of the invention interface with other assemblies and may be considered to be a part of more than one assembly.) The tension vector attachment assembly38is attached to the pulleys85whereby allowing it to rotate about the 2ndand the 1staxis of rotation30&29(see alsoFIG.3). The tension transmitting structure/yoke39acts as a bridge/span that connects the rotating pulleys85together and forms a clearance feature43. The clearance feature43provides clearance to allow the tension transmitting structure/yoke39to rotate about the trunnion assembly34(i.e., 2ndaxis of rotation30) without interference. Similarly, the clearance provided by the clearance feature43also allows the tension transmitting structure/yoke39to largely rotate about the 1staxis of rotation29(i.e., handle joining assembly32) without interference. The tension transmitting structure/yoke39is formed by a length of twelve strand UHMWPE rope (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene rope) and modified with a locked Brummel eye-splice81at each end (as shown inFIGS.1-14B). (An alternate tension transmitting structure/yoke39design made of a rigid strong light weight material like 7075-T6 aluminum will also be disclosed.) This light-weight ultra-strong rope assembly (i.e., tension transmitting structure/yoke39) is commonly called a dog-bone resulting from having an eye-splice at each end and can be also referred to as a flexible yoke structure39(seeFIGS.8,11, &14-14B). Each eye-splice81is adjusted to have an interference fit over each pulley85and come to rest in a respective pulley groove86(see alsoFIGS.13A &14B). When the multiplanar exercise device is in use, the flexible yoke structure39(i.e., tension transmitting structure/yoke39) becomes tensioned and forms a V-shaped tension transmitting structure39with a U-shaped central apex41. The V-shaped tension transmitting structure/yoke39preferably has a length where the central apex41extends past the distal end of the handle's28. Benefits of this V-shaped tension transmitting structure39include (1) a strong narrow profile combined with the extended V-shaped clearance feature43that provides less interference with the multiplanar exercise device and subsequent greater exercise angles and (2) a soft nondestructive exterior of the flexible yoke structure39or an optional protective nylon sleeve83that may occasionally sweep against the gripping hands12or an interfering surface of the multiplanar exercise device.

Referring toFIGS.8,11,11A,14, &14A, the tension vector attachable member40is shown as a swivel eye40supported by the swivel assembly89. The swivel assembly89includes a swivel housing90comprising of two halves90preferably made of a CNC machined 7075-T6 aluminum, a high-pressure die-casting alloy, or a lightweight molded plastic composite. Each swivel housing half90is adapted with symmetrical features to engage the central apex41and support the swivel eye40to rotate about the 3rdaxis of rotation31(seeFIGS.1-3,6, &7). Furthermore, the two halves90are fastened together by two screws98that extend through screw holes94of one swivel housing half90. The two screws98are subsequently threaded into respective threaded holes93of the other swivel housing half90and tightened. As the screws98are tightened, a joining face97of each half90is clamped together whereby firmly maintaining the swivel assembly89.

Still referring toFIGS.8,11,11A,14, &14A, the symmetrical features of the two halves90that engage the central apex41include a central apex retention groove91and a central apex pin groove92. The central apex retention groove91is adapted to engage the central apex41of the UHMWPE rope39with or without the optional protective nylon sleeve83(seeFIG.14A). The central apex pin groove92is adapted to engage a central apex lock pin99. The central apex lock pin99extends through a pin passage82at the central apex41of the twelve strand UHMWPE rope39(seeFIGS.11&11A). The pin passage82is created by separating six strands of the twelve strand UHMWPE rope39to be positioned on either side of the central apex lock pin99(seeFIGS.11&14A). If the optional protective nylon sleeve83is utilized a pin hole84is adapted to the sleeve83as to allow the central apex lock pin99to be simultaneously positioned in the pin hole84and pin passage82. The central apex lock pin99prevents the central apex41from sliding in the central apex retention groove91and therefore maintains the symmetry and functionality of the tension vector attachment assembly/yoke38as shown inFIG.14.

Still referring toFIGS.8,11,14, and especiallyFIG.11A &14Athe symmetrical features of the two swivel housing halves90that support the swivel eye40to rotate about the 3rdaxis of rotation31include a thrust bearing recess95and a sleeve bearing groove96. The sleeve bearing groove96is designed to support a swivel axle bolt100(i.e., 3rdaxis of rotation31) fitted with a sleeve bearing105as to accommodate rotational radial loads occurring perpendicular to the length of the swivel axle bolt100. The thrust bearing recess95is adapted to support the swivel axle bolt100fitted with a needle-roller thrust bearing103“sandwiched” between two harden thrust bearing washers104. This “sandwiched” needle-roller thrust bearing103assembly is further “sandwiched” between a head101of the swivel axle bolt100and the thrust bearing recess95as to accommodate for rotational thrust/axial loads occurring along the length of the swivel bolt axle100(i.e., 3rdaxis of rotation31).

Still referring toFIGS.8,11,11A,14, &14A, a threaded end102of the swivel axle bolt100extends out of the swivel housing90and is fitted with a washer106. The threaded end102is then treated with an adhesive thread locker and subsequently threaded to a threaded hole107of the swivel eye40(leaving an appropriate free-running clearance about the washer106) as shown inFIG.14A.

Referring toFIGS.1-14B, when the swivel assembly89mounted swivel eye40is attached to the tension vector7and opposed by the gripping user21the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39is tensioned and creates the line of tension42. The line of tension42extends from the swivel eye40and bisects the V-shaped clearance feature43from the central apex41to the pivot point6. Furthermore, the line of tension42is (1) perpendicular to the 2ndaxis of rotation30, (2) swivels about the 2ndand 1staxis of rotation30&29, and (3) actively stays collinear with the attached tension vector7, the pivot point6, and the optional 3rdaxis of rotation31(provided by the swivel assembly89). This active collinear alignment is driven by the tension vector7opposing the user21whereby simultaneously (1) driving the pulley85mounted tension vector attachment assembly38to rotate about the 2ndaxis of rotation30, (2) driving the trunnion assembly34and the tension vector attachment assembly38to rotate about the 1staxis of rotation29and (3) driving the swivel eye40to rotate about the 3rdaxis of rotation31as subsequent torque equilibrium is maintained about each axis (29,30, &31). The optional 3rdaxis of rotation31accommodates for the subsequent torque equilibrium between (1) the independent rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and (2) the inherent twist/lay that exists along the length of the attached tension transmitting cable or elastomeric member (i.e., Tension vector7). Therefore, this arrangement of the spherical trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33(shown inFIGS.1-14B) can direct the incoming tension vector7to the pivot point6of the grip point line5from all points about the multiplanar exercise device, except for those points that create an in-line interference with the multiplanar exercise device or the gripping user21.

Referring toFIGS.15-16, where an alternate trunnion assembly34is shown for the spherical trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33as shown inFIGS.1-14Band as discussed above. The alternate trunnion assembly34(seeFIGS.15,15A, &16) is similarly constructed as the trunnion assembly34shown inFIGS.1-14Band especiallyFIGS.11,13A, &14B. The alternate trunnion assembly34adds a pair of independent trunnion axles71preferably made of hardened stainless steel, a pair of needle-roller bearings108, a pair of pulleys85preferably made of anodized 7075-T6 aluminum, and a pair of thrust washers109for each pulley85in an overall effort to decrease friction and increase component performance and lifespan. The hardened stainless steel trunnion axles71are preferably made of a 440C stainless steel and are adapted to provide a bearing surface for the needle-roller bearings108. The two pairs of thrust washers109are preferably made of a high bearing grade plastic like a molybdenum disulfide filled nylon or a steel backed Teflon® infused porous sintered bronze (e.g., DU® washer) and are adapted to provide a high-performance thrust bearing surface for the pair of anodized 7075-T6 aluminum pulleys85. Furthermore, the alternate trunnion assembly34utilizes only two bearings65as compared to the three bearings65utilized by the above trunnion assembly34shown inFIGS.1-14Band especiallyFIGS.11,13A.

Referring toFIGS.17&17A, the swivel assembly89ofFIGS.1-14has been replaced by a quick link40(i.e., tension vector attachable member40) and directly attached to the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39(i.e., tension transmitting structure39). More specifically, this alternate tension vector attachment assembly38shown inFIGS.17&17A, utilizes the UHMWPE rope assembly39tied directly to the quick link40at the central apex41with a girth hitch knot110. Furthermore, the UHMWPE rope assembly39can accommodate for a certain amount of twist within and along its 12-strand fibrous construction that translates into an effective amount of “available rotation” about the 3rdaxis of rotation31. When torque equilibrium along the 3rdaxis of rotation31is required between the rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and the tension transmitting cable lay, the above “available rotation” may accommodate for it with minimal performance degradation. This alternate spherical trunnion67based tension vector attachment assembly38shown inFIGS.17&17Ais inexpensive, lightweight, and reliable, and is an effective and efficient alternate. Lastly, a method to lock the girth hitch knot110in place may be required to ensure the girth hitch knot110maintains both its position at the central apex41and the subsequent functionality/symmetry of the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39with respect to the line of tension42. As shown inFIG.17A, one lock method may include a clamp111that clamps the two sides of the UHMWPE rope together as they immediately exit the girth hitch knot110. Other lock methods may include a protective rubber or Velcro® cover (not shown) tightly fitted over the knot110, a heat-shrink cover (not shown), a lockstitch (not shown), an infused adhesive (not shown), or a resilient coating (not shown) that would prevent the knot110from migrating from the central apex41.

FIG.18shows three alternate tension vector engagement assemblies38attached to the trunnion assembly34where the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39ofFIGS.1-17Ahas been replaced by an alternate rigid yoke structure39(i.e., tension transmitting structure39). The alternate rigid yoke structures39are preferably made of a CNC machined 7075-T6 aluminum, or a high-pressure die-casting alloy, or a lightweight molded plastic composite. The rigid yoke structures39shown inFIG.18replace the pulleys85ofFIGS.1-17Aby providing an integrated bore112at each proximal end of the rigid yoke structure39that are adapted with a bearing feature to rotate about respective trunnion axles71. Similar to the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39ofFIGS.1-17A, the rigid yoke structures39ofFIG.18include the clearance feature43to prevent interference with the trunnion assembly34and the supporting handle joining assembly32during use.

FIG.18Ashows the rigid yoke structure39with an integrated tension vector attachable member40illustrated by a hole40located at the central apex41of the rigid yoke structure39. Hence, it is important to understand that the tension vector attachment assembly38can be integrated into one component, where the rigid yoke structure39can include the integrated tension vector attachable member40, the clearance feature43, and the integrated bores112adapted with bearing features to rotate about respective trunnion axles71. The hole40arrangement offers very little rotation capacity about the 3rdaxis of rotation31. As a result, a swiveling terminal engagement link attached to the tension vector7would be relied upon to accommodate for torque equilibrium between the rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and the tension transmitting cable lay.

FIG.18Bshows the rigid yoke structure39with an optional tension transmitting structure39A illustrated as a sewn runner39A attached at the central apex41of the rigid yoke structure39. (In this application a sewn runner is created by sewing a webbing section into a loop.) The tension vector attachable member40is illustrated as a quick link40and is attached at the distal end of the sewn runner39(seeFIG.18B). With respect to the rotation capacity about the 3rdaxis of rotation31, the sewn runner39A like the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39offers a certain amount of twist within and along its fibrous construction that translates into an effective amount of “available rotation”. When torque equilibrium along the 3rdaxis of rotation31is required between the rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and the tension transmitting cable lay, the above “available rotation” can accommodate for it without any noticeable performance degradation.

FIG.18Cshows the rigid yoke structure39with a swivel assembly89mounted to the central apex41of the rigid yoke structure39. The swivel assembly89shown inFIG.18Cprovides a swivel eye40(i.e., tension vector attachable member40) located at the distal end of the swivel assembly89that functions like the swivel assembly89discussed and illustrated inFIGS.1-14A. With respect to the rotation capacity about the 3rdaxis of rotation31, the swivel assembly89can fully accommodate for torque equilibrium along the 3rdaxis of rotation31between the rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and the tension transmitting cable lay.

Although the rigid yoke structures39ofFIG.18are functional alternates, their rigid structure and mass can cause self-destructive collisions between the rigid yoke structure39and the handle joining assembly32during use. These self-destructive collisions occur when exercise angles of the incoming tension vector7cause the tracking rigid yoke structure39to interfere/collide with the handle joining assembly32. Conversely, the slippery, smooth, and flexible nature of the V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39shown inFIGS.1-17Acan readily glide over the radiused edges of the handle joining assembly32, largely without mutual damage.

Referring now toFIGS.18D-18G, that illustrate a preferred embodiment of a trunnion based34multiplanar exercise device having a V-shaped rigid yoke structure39similar to those shown inFIGS.18A,18B, &18C but with additional features. First it is important to mention that the rigid yoke structures39ofFIGS.18A-18Geffectively eliminate the moment/tilting load that the pulleys85shown inFIGS.1-17Aexperience during use. This moment/tilting load is caused by the flexible V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39ofFIGS.1-17Arelying on the lower & upper thrust surfaces88of the pulleys85to maintain the pulleys85positions between respective thrust faces72of the trunnion67and the thrust faces79of the pulley caps76. Consequently, when the pulleys85experience moment/tilting load, the subsequent contact against thrust faces72&79result in friction that decreases the performance of V-shaped UHMWPE rope assembly39ofFIGS.1-17A. Conversely, because the rigid yoke structures39ofFIGS.18A-18Care rigid, they effectively eliminate the moment/tilting load about the integrated bores112by maintaining the integrated bores112positions and preventing them from tilting and effectively deliver only a radial load about the trunnion axles71. As shown inFIGS.18D-18G, each distal end203of the V-shaped rigid yoke structure39is adapted to be received and secured to a slot204in a yoke pulley85by a set screw205that extends through a pair of collinear holes206of the slot204and a threaded hole207at each distal end203(seeFIG.18G). (It is understood that the V-shaped rigid yoke structure39shown inFIGS.18D-18Gcould be integrated with the yoke pulleys85but due to manufacturing constraints are expected best produced as separate components.) Similar to the rigid yoke structures39ofFIGS.18A-18C, the V-shaped rigid yoke structure39and attached yoke pulleys85ofFIGS.18D-18Galso effectively eliminate the moment/tilting load about the yoke pulleys85by delivering only a radial load about the trunnion axles71.

Still referring toFIGS.18D-18G, the tension vector attachable member40is shown as a U-shaped link40(preferably made of a strong durable17-4PH Stainless

Steel) attached to the apex of the V-shaped rigid yoke39by a pin208, two external retaining rings136and three collinear holes209as shown inFIG.18G. One benefit of this tension vector attachment assembly38(i.e., U-shaped link40, V-shaped rigid yoke39, yoke pulleys85, and clearance feature43) includes a short overall length that largely preserves the range of motion of cable machines illustrated as a tension vector link210shown inFIG.18E. Conversely, the range of motion of cable machines can be adjusted by incorporating optional tension transmitting structures39A (e.g., sewn runner) and optional tension vector attachable members40A (e.g., quick link) as shown inFIG.18F. Another benefit of this tension vector attachment assembly38includes the detachable/attachable U-shaped link40that allows the addition of optional tension transmitting structures39A and optional tension vector attachable members40A as shown inFIG.18F.

Still referring toFIGS.18D-18Gand in an effort to lessen the interference between the V-shaped rigid yoke structure39with the handle joining members51during use, a tapered union211is utilized where a pair opposing tapered ears212are adapted to the proximal end of each opposing handle joining member51. A reverse tapered surface213is adapted to the distal ends of the central axle59and are joined together to respective opposing tapered ears212by a central axle screw60shown inFIGS.18D &18G. In addition, the tapered union211includes a gap that remains between the non-tapered surfaces that ensures a rigid union of tapered surfaces212&213. These tapered unions211are not only extremely secure but they register the opposing handle joining members51and respective handles28so they are fixed in the same plane as shown inFIGS.18D-18F. Furthermore, another benefit of the tapered union211is that it creates a very low profile around which the V-shaped rigid yoke39and attached U-shaped link40can rotate about and therefore minimizing a cone of clearance214and maximizing greater angles of exercise (seeFIGS.18E &18F). To maintain the cone of clearance214so contact/interference and subsequent damages do not occur between respective components a cone of clearance stop215is utilized and comprises of a stop pin216, a stop face217, and a protective hood218. More specifically, each yoke pulley85is adapted with opposing stop faces217that are synchronized to stop against the stop pin216mounted to opposing sides of the trunnion sleeve67(seeFIG.18D). The radial position of the stop faces217about the yoke pulleys85determine the amount of clearance the cone of clearance214provides. Furthermore, the protective hood218largely prevents pinched fingers from occurring when the multiplanar exercise device is handled around the trunnion assembly34. Overall, the trunnion34based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.18D-18Gpresents an efficient, rugged, and reliable design.

Perhaps the simplest yet least durable alternate tension vector receiving assembly33could be an orifice/hole in the handle joining assembly32that allows an attached ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene rope (UHMWPE rope, e.g., 12 strand AmSteel®/Dyneema® rope) or sewn runner (i.e., tension transmitting structure39) to extend from it at the pivot point6. The UHMHPE rope or sewn runner could be further adapted with a locked Brummel eye-splice or sewn loop respectfully on the end that extends from the orifice/pivot point and provide a means (i.e., tension vector attachable member40) to attach the tension vector7to. In order for this arrangement to direct the attached tension vector7from performed exercise angles to the pivot point6, the UHMWPE rope/sewn runner would be required to endure extreme repetitive bending at the pivot point. This extreme repetitive bending at the pivot point6would cause the rope/sewn runner to fail and prove to be an unreliable design. To prevent this premature failure of the rope or sewn runner, modifications to the orifice/hole such as the addition of radiused edges will be discussed in the following.

An alternate multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.19-22utilizes a fairlead/orifice113&35based tension vector receiving assembly33that uniquely supports the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30. More specifically, the fairlead113based tension vector receiving assembly33comprises of the handle joining assembly32, a fairlead/orifice assembly35, and the tension vector attachment assembly38. (It is understood that some assembly components of the invention interface with other assemblies and may be considered to be a part of more than one assembly.) The handle joining assembly32comprises of a handle joining bar32adapted at each end with a bent ear114and each having a handle screw hole (not shown) and a pin hole (not shown). The handle joining bar32is preferably made of a laser cut Hardox 450® steel plate (175,000 psi yield strength) or similar strength material. Each bent ear114is adapted to support the handle28by the same means utilized by the trunnion67&34based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.8&10except for the addition of a handle screw washer115. Still referring toFIGS.19-22and especiallyFIG.21, the handle joining bar32(i.e., handle joining assembly32) additionally provides a central hole116for a sewn runner39(i.e., flexible tension transmitting member39) to extend through and two central screw holes117to attach the fairlead assembly35to the handle joining bar32.

Still referring toFIGS.19-22, the fairlead assembly35includes the fairlead113, a swiveling pin housing118, and two mounting screws119. The fairlead113is preferably made of a polished anodized aluminum that supports a central orifice120that has a length that extends perpendicular to the grip point line5and a longitudinal centerline121that intersects the pivot point6(seeFIGS.19A &20A). In addition, a preferred orientation of the longitudinal centerline121of the central orifice120is coplanar to the plane that contains the longitudinal centerline11of each handle28. Furthermore, the central orifice120includes a polished radiused circumference122(seeFIGS.19A &20A). Additionally, the fairlead113includes two threaded screw holes123and exterior edges that are both radiused and polished. The swiveling pin housing118includes two screw holes124and a swiveling pin recess125(seeFIGS.22&19A). As shown inFIG.21, the fairlead assembly35is attached to the handle joining bar32by inserting each screw119through the respective screw hole124of the swiveling pin housing118, and then through the respective screw hole117of the handle joining bar32, and then screwed into the respective threaded hole123of the fairlead113and tightened.

Referring toFIGS.19-22and especiallyFIGS.19A &21, the fairlead113based tension vector attachment assembly38includes the sewn runner39having an engageable loop at each end, the quick link40attached to the distal loop of the sewn runner39, a swiveling pin126inserted through the proximal loop of the sewn runner39that extends up through the central orifice120(of the fairlead113) and the central hole116(of the handle joining bar32), and an optional protective nylon sleeve83(seeFIGS.19A &21). While attaching the fairlead assembly35to the bar32, one of the looped ends of the sewn runner39along with the donned optional protective nylon sleeve83is passed up through both the central orifice120(of the fairlead113) and the central hole116(of the bar32), then the swiveling pin126is inserted into the looped end of the sewn runner39as shown inFIGS.19A &21.

When attached to the tension vector7and opposed by the gripping user, the fairlead113based tension vector attachment assembly38shown inFIGS.19-22becomes tensioned and the longitudinal centerline121of the central orifice120becomes the 1staxis of rotation29, and similarly the radiused circumference122of the central orifice120creates the 2ndaxis of rotation30. More specifically, the 1staxis of rotation29is developed by the section of tensioned sewn runner39that spans from the swiveling pin126to the tangent edge of the radiused circumference122of the central orifice120(seeFIG.19A). The 1staxis of rotation29is perpendicular to the grip point line5and intersects the pivot point6. The 2ndaxis of rotation30is formed by the section of tensioned sewn runner39that is supported by the radiused circumference122of the central orifice120. The 2ndaxis of rotation is (1) perpendicular to the 1staxis of rotation29, (2) intersects the 1staxis29at the pivot point6, and (3) rotates/swivels with & about the 1staxis of rotation29(seeFIGS.20&20A). Therefore if the 1staxis of rotation29rotates, the 2ndaxis of rotation30will rotate/swing with and about the 1staxis of rotation29. Conversely, if the 1staxis of rotation is stagnated, the 2ndaxis of rotation30can still rotate independently.

Referring toFIGS.19&19A, it is important to understand that the 2ndaxis of rotation created by the radiused circumference122can only support 90 degrees of rotation from the longitudinal centerline121. This 90-degree limitation results from as soon as the tensioned sewn runner39rotates further than 90 degrees, any further contact with the fairlead113will cause the tension vector7or the line of tension42to depart from the pivot point6and degrade performance. Consequently, the fairlead113based tension vector attachment assembly38can rotate 360 degrees about the 1staxis of rotation29but only 180 degrees about the 2ndaxis of rotation30(seeFIG.19-20A). Therefore, this fairlead113based tension vector receiving assembly33is limited to receiving the tension vector7from those points on a conceptual hemisphere where the pivot point6is the hemisphere's center as shown inFIG.19. Furthermore, the serviceable tension vector7receivable hemisphere about the pivot point6can be selected by adapting the handle joining assembly32to support the fairlead assembly35in the direction of the selected hemisphere. More specifically, the handle joining assembly32(i.e., handle joining bar32) must be designed to support the fairlead113so that the longitudinal centerline121of the central orifice120is directed to the selected hemisphere.

Still referring toFIGS.19-22, while in use the fairlead113based tension vector receiving assembly33directs the attached tension vector7to the pivot point6by allowing the tensioned sewn runner39to slide on the polished anodized surface of the central orifice120and maintain a collinear relationship between the attached tension vector7, the sewn runner39, the line of tension42, and the pivot point6. In order to maintain this collinear relationship the sewn runner39is driven by the tension vector7opposing the gripping user, causing the section of the sewn runner39that is supported by the central orifice120and the swiveling pin126to respond and rotate about the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30. When rotation about the 1staxis of rotation29occurs the swiveling pin126(preferably a hardened stainless steel dowel pin) and the surrounding looped end of the sewn runner39rotates together causing the swiveling pin126to slide on the supporting surface of the handle joining bar32. This sliding is facilitated by the hardened dowel pin sliding against the hardened surface (Hardox 450® steel plate) of the handle joining bar32which results in a polished surface of the handle joining bar32. In addition, to maintain the position of the swiveling pin126in the loop of the sewn runner39, the swiveling pin housing118provides a swiveling pin recess125(seeFIG.19A &22). The swiveling pin recess125allows the swiveling pin126to swivel/rotate about the 1staxis of rotation29while maintaining the position of the swiveling pin126in the loop of the sewn runner39(seeFIGS.19A,21&22). When rotation about the 2ndaxis of rotation30occurs, the sewn runner39wraps either on or off the surface of the radiused circumference122of the central orifice120.

Still referring toFIGS.19-22, the clamping structure of the fairlead assembly35provides an additional feature of significantly increasing the strength of the central portion of the handle joining bar32. This increased strength of the central portion of the handle joining bar32results from the formation of two bending moments being created; one on either side of the fairlead assembly35in contrast to a single central bending moment if the fairlead assembly35was not utilized. As a result, the clamping structure of the fairlead assembly35increases the strength of the handle joining bar32and provides a weight savings by requiring a lighter weight handle joining bar32.

Still referring toFIGS.19-22, it is important to understand that the opposing hemisphere thatFIG.19services can be facilitated by simply designing the handle joining member32to support an inverted fairlead assembly35so that the pivot point6is properly positioned along the grip point line5.

Still referring toFIGS.19-22, although the fairlead35&113based tension vector receiving assembly33is a viable design, friction ultimately will cause this design to require maintenance. This results from the friction occurring between the fibers of the sewn runner39themselves, and the fairlead113due to the bending, sliding, and twisting of the sewn runner39that occurs at the central orifice120(of the fairlead113) during use. Eventually, wear due to friction will require both the sewn runner39and fairlead113to be replaced. To prevent the friction that occurs about the central orifice120, the integration of ball/roller bearings to support the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30will be discussed in the following.

An alternate embodiment of the present invention shown inFIGS.23,23A,23B, &23C utilizes a clevis nut127based tension vector receiving assembly33where the 1staxis of rotation29is supported by a clevis assembly36to be perpendicular to the grip point line5and intersect the pivot point6. Furthermore, the 2ndaxis of rotation30is supported by the clevis127to be (1) perpendicular to the 1staxis of rotation, (2) intersect the 1staxis29at the pivot point6, and (3) rotates/swivels with & about the 1staxis of rotation29. Therefore if the 1staxis of rotation29rotates, the clevis127supported 2ndaxis of rotation30will rotate/swing with the 1staxis of rotation29. Conversely, if the 1staxis of rotation is stagnated, the 2ndaxis of rotation30can still rotate independently. More specifically, the clevis nut127based tension vector receiving assembly33comprises of the handle joining assembly32, the clevis assembly36, and the tension vector attachment assembly38(seeFIG.23C). (It is understood that some assembly components of the invention interface with other assemblies and may be considered to be a part of more than one assembly.) The handle joining assembly32comprises of the handle joining bar32adapted at each end with a bent ear114and each having a handle screw hole128and a pin58hole. The handle joining bar32is preferably made of a laser cut Hardox 450® steel plate (175,000 psi yield strength) or similar strength material. Each bent ear114is adapted to support the handle28by the same means utilized by the trunnion34&67based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.8&10except for the addition of a handle screw washer115(seeFIG.23C). Still referring toFIGS.23-23Cand especiallyFIG.23C, the handle joining bar32(i.e., handle joining assembly32) additionally provides a central hole129for the clevis127and a clevis axle screw130to extend through, and two central mounting holes131to attach the clevis assembly36to the handle joining bar32.

Referring toFIGS.23-23C, the clevis assembly36includes a bearing housing132, the clevis axle screw130, a bearing133, the clevis127, a clevis axle134, two roller/needle bearings135, two external retaining rings136, and two mounting screws137. The bearing housing132is preferably made of 7075-T6 aluminum or similar lightweight strength material and is adapted with a bearing pocket138and two threaded holes139. The ball bearing133is preferably a double row angular contact ball bearing capable of efficiently managing both radial and bi-directional axial loads. The bearing housing132is attached to the handle joining bar32by the two screws137that extend up through the holes131of the handle joining bar32and subsequently screwed into the threaded holes139of the bearing housing132and tightened.

Still referring toFIGS.23-23C, the bearing pocket138of the bearing housing132is adapted to retain the ball bearing133concentrically above the central hole129of the handle joining bar32. A bore140of the ball bearing133creates the 1staxis of rotation29so that it is perpendicular to the grip point line5and intersects the pivot point6. In addition, a preferred orientation of a longitudinal centerline141of the bore140of the ball bearing133is coplanar to the plane that contains the longitudinal centerline11of each handle28as shown inFIGS.23&23A.

Still referring toFIGS.23-23C, the clevis127as shown inFIG.23Cis attached to the ball bearing133by extending the clevis axle screw130through the bore140of the ball bearing133and subsequently screwed into a central threaded hole142of the clevis127and tightened. The clevis127is preferably made of 7075-T6 aluminum or similar lightweight strength material. The clevis127is generally U-shaped and is adapted with a flange143positioned on each side of the central threaded hole142(seeFIGS.24B &23C). Each flange143retains the roller/needle bearing135in an axle bore144. Subsequently, the clevis axle134(preferably made of hardened stainless steel) is inserted into the roller/needle bearings135and retained to the clevis127by an external retaining ring136attached at each end of the clevis axle134as shown inFIGS.24B &23C. The clevis nut127supported clevis axle134creates the 2ndaxis of rotation30and is (1) perpendicular to the 1staxis of rotation29, (2) intersects the 1staxis29at the pivot point6, and (3) rotates/swivels with & about the 1staxis of rotation29(seeFIGS.23&23B). Therefore if the 1staxis of rotation29rotates, the clevis nut127supported 2ndaxis of rotation30will rotate/swing with the 1staxis of rotation29. Conversely, if the 1staxis of rotation (i.e., clevis nut127) is stagnated, the 2ndaxis of rotation30can still rotate independently.

Still referring toFIGS.23-23C, the tension vector attachment assembly38comprises of the tension transmitting structure39shown as the sewn runner39and the tension vector attachable member40shown as the quick link40. The span between the opposing flanges143of the clevis127allows the looped end of the sewn runner39to engage the clevis axle134as shown inFIG.23B. While in use the clevis127based tension vector receiving assembly33directs the attached tension vector7to the pivot point6by allowing the tensioned sewn runner39(i.e., line of tension42) to maintain a collinear relationship with the attached tension vector7and the pivot point6of the grip point line5. In order to maintain this collinear relationship, the sewn runner39is driven by the tension vector7opposing the gripping user, causing the tensioned sewn runner39to simultaneously rotate about the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30as torque equilibrium about each axis is preserved. This interaction results in the active collinear relationship of the tension vector7, the sewn runner39, the line of tension42, and the pivot point6of the grip point line5(seeFIGS.23-24B).

FIG.23shows the 1staxis of rotation29that supports 360 degrees of rotation and the 2ndaxis of rotation30that supports 180 degrees of rotation. Therefore, the clevis127based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.23-23Cis limited to receiving the tension vector7from points on a conceptual hemisphere where the pivot point6is the hemisphere's center as shown inFIG.23. Furthermore, the tension vector7serviceable hemisphere about the pivot point6can be selected by adapting the handle joining assembly32to support the clevis assembly36in the direction of the selected hemisphere. More specifically, the handle joining assembly32(i.e., handle joining bar32) must be designed to support the longitudinal centerline141of the bore140of the ball bearing133in the direction to the selected hemisphere. It is important to note that a clevis designed with longer flanges143can support a deeper slot allowing the sewn runner39to rotate more than 180 degrees about the 2ndaxis of rotation30and add to the hemisphere's area that can receive the tension vector7.

Still referring toFIGS.23-23C, the bearing housing132of the clevis assembly36provides an additional feature of significantly increasing the strength of the central portion of the handle joining bar32. This increased strength of the central portion of the handle joining bar32results from the formation of two bending moments being created; one on either side of the clevis assembly36in contrast to a single central bending moment if the clevis assembly36was not utilized. As a result, the bearing housing132of the clevis assembly36increases the strength of the handle joining bar32allowing a weight savings by requiring a lighter weight handle joining bar32.

The clevis nut127based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIG.23-23Celiminates the friction issues that affect the fairlead/orifice113based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIG.19-22. More specifically, with the addition of the ball & roller bearings133&135, the clevis127based tension vector receiving assembly33eliminates friction between components about the 1st& 2ndaxis of rotation29&30. This arrangement makes the clevis nut127based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIG.23-23Ca viable alternate design that is reliable, lightweight, and likely inexpensive to manufacture. Consequently, when compared to the likely more expensive spherical trunnion34&67based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.1-17A &18D-18G, the hemispherical clevis36&127based multiplanar exercise device could present a practical alternative.

Referring now toFIGS.24-24Cwhere a clevis based36multiplanar exercise device (similar to the one described above and shown inFIGS.23-23C) largely serves a hemispherical exercise envelope for those exercises where the tension vector source points1emanate from below a user's waist (seeFIGS.4-4C). On the contrary, and now referring toFIGS.25-25Bwhere a clevis based36multiplanar exercise device (similar to those shown inFIGS.23-24C) largely serves a hemispherical exercise envelope for those exercises where the tension vector source points1emanate from above a user's waist (e.g., pulldown).

Referring now toFIGS.24-25B, and in an effort to optimize the clevis36based multiplanar exercise device ofFIGS.23-23Cwhere the clevis nut127is replaced by a similar functioning eye nut127and more importantly, the tension vector attachment assembly38ofFIG.23Cis replaced by a tension vector engagement member38shown inFIGS.24-25B. More specifically, instead of having two flanges143like the clevis nut127ofFIGS.23-23Cto support the 2ndaxis of rotation30(i.e., axle bore144) the eye nut127ofFIGS.24-25Bhas only one flange to support the 2ndaxis of rotation30(i.e., axle bore144). The tension vector engagement member38shown inFIGS.24-25Bis illustrated as a clevis-to-clevis link38where respective clevises are 90-degrees to each other and include a 2ndaxis of rotation clevis220and a tension vector clevis221. The clevis-to-clevis link38is attached to the eye nut127by an eye nut axle134extending through a pair of flanged DU bearings219and the axle bore144of both the axle nut127and the 2ndaxis of rotation clevis220, and then secured by a pair of external retaining rings136(seeFIGS.24C &25B). The opposite end of the clevis-to-clevis link38supports the tension vector clevis221that when engaged with a pin222having a central taper223and secured with a pair of external retaining rings136, creates the tension vector attachable feature40to which the tension vector link210of a typical cable machine can attach to (seeFIGS.24&25). The 90-degree offset orientation of the clevises220&221of the clevis-to-clevis link38allows the tension vector link210to present a low profile of engagement that decreases interference with the surrounding handle joining assembly32resulting in a greater exercise envelope. During use the eye nut127and the clevis-to-clevis link38are each adapted with a range of motion stop224that contact each other and prevents the clevis-to-clevis link38from over rotating and causing unfavorable contact and subsequent damage with surrounding components. The central taper223of the pin222provides a self-locating feature where the attached tension vector link210will automatically locate to and maintain proper positioning so interference is avoided. Furthermore, the short overall length of the clevis-to-clevis link38largely preserves the intended range of motion of cable machines while also being able to accept a variety of optional tension transmitting structures39A and optional tension vector attachable members40A as shown inFIGS.24C &25B.

An alternate embodiment of the present invention shown inFIGS.26-28is similar to the trunnion67based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.1-18Gexcept for the trunnion67based tension vector receiving assembly33is replaced by a flag block145based tension vector receiving assembly33. It is important to understand that the flag block145based tension vector receiving assembly33does not adhere to the rules of grip point geometry2because it suffers from the drift9of the effective tension vector attachment point8due to an offset 2ndaxis of rotation156(seeFIG.26). Although the flag block145based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.26-28fails to satisfy the elements of grip point geometry2, it may present commercial value. Perhaps the effects of the effective tension vector attachment point8drift9may be a desirable feature and therefore the flag block145based multiplanar exercise device must be discussed.

Referring toFIGS.26-28, the alternate flag block145based multiplanar exercise device utilizes the same handle joining assembly32shown inFIG.10and as discussed above. Alternately, the trunnion assembly34ofFIGS.1-17is replaced by a flag block assembly37shown inFIGS.26&27. (It is understood that some assembly components of the invention interface with other assemblies and may be considered to be a part of more than one assembly.) Referring toFIG.28, the flag block145comprises of a sleeve bore146, a longitudinal centerline147of the sleeve bore146, a midplane148that is coplanar to the longitudinal centerline147, a slot149, a flange150on each side of the slot149, and a collinear axle bore151adapted to each flange150and positioned perpendicular to the midplane148. The slot149and opposing flanges150of the flag block145are positioned symmetrically about the midplane148. Like the rotating trunnion sleeve67ofFIGS.1-17, the sleeve bore146of the flag block145is adapted to engage the bearings65as to allow the sleeve bore146to concentrically rotate about the 1staxis of rotation29(i.e., grip point line5) formed by the central axle59. Each flange150retains a roller/needle bearing152in the collinear axle bore151. Subsequently, a flag block axle153(preferably made of harden stainless steel) is inserted into the roller/needle bearings152and retained to the flag block145by a washer154and an external retaining ring155at each end of the flag block axle153as shown inFIGS.26&27.

Still referring toFIGS.26-28and especiallyFIG.26, the flag block145supported flag block axle153creates an offset 2ndaxis of rotation156that is (1) perpendicular to both the 1staxis of rotation29and to the midplane149of the flag block145, (2) coplanar to the central plane3, and (3) positioned at an offset distance157from the pivot point6of the grip point line5. The tension vector attachment assembly38comprises of the tension transmitting structure39shown as the sewn runner39and the tension vector attachable member40shown as the quick link40. The tension vector attachment assembly38is attached to the flag block assembly37by extending the flag block axle153through a looped end158of the sewn runner39while it is placed in the slot149of the flag block145. The flag block axle153is subsequently fastened to the flag block145by the washers154and the external retaining rings155.

Still referring toFIGS.26&27, when the tension vector7is attached to the quick link40and opposed by the user, the tension vector attachment assembly38becomes tensioned causing it to simultaneously (1) becomes collinear along the line of tension42to the tension vector7, (2) rotates about the offset 2ndaxis of rotation156and (3) rotates with the flag block145about the 1staxis of rotation29while torque equilibrium about each axis156&29is maintained. While in use the flag block145based tension vector receiving assembly33directs the attached tension vector7to the effective tension vector attachment point8that falls along the grip point line5. As the incoming angle of the tension vector7increases from the central plane3so does the drift9as shown inFIG.26. Similarly, as the offset distance157of the offset 2ndaxis of rotation156increases from the pivot point6so does the drift9as shown inFIG.26. More specifically, when the user opposes the tension vector7, the line of tension42is created along the sewn runner39and extends past the flag block axle153where it intersects the grip point line5at the effective tension vector attachment point8(seeFIG.26). If the incoming tension vector7departs from the central plane3the effective tension vector attachment point8will depart from the pivot point6and create the drift9of the effective tension vector attachment point8. Therefore during multiplanar exercise, the “shifting” drift9of the effective tension vector attachment point8provides an unbalanced and inconsistent resistance to the gripping hands. Like the trunnion67based multiplanar exercise device (shown inFIGS.1-18G), the flag block145based multiplanar exercise device (shown inFIGS.26-28) can also accommodate the spherical tension vector7receiving area discussed above (except for those points that create an in-line interference with the multiplanar exercise device or the gripping user).

As mentioned above, grip point geometry2can facilitate a vast number of bilateral handle28orientations as long as the handle joining assembly32supports the handles28, so the user's middle finger grip centers15can coincide with respective grip points4. These handle28orientations can include any3-dimensional configuration and may be symmetrical or asymmetrical about the central plane3(seeFIG.1). Furthermore, these handle28orientations may be fixed, selectively adjustable (e.g., integrated detent system), or actively directed during use by the user21. If these handle28orientations are actively directed during use by the user21, the handle joining assembly32must support the bilateral handles28, so they are restricted to pivot about the grip points4whereby maintaining established middle finger grip center15coincidence with respective grip points4(seeFIGS.29-36).

Referring now toFIGS.29-36, grip point geometry2can further facilitate multiplanar functional exercise, by allowing independent handle28rotation about axes that intersect the grip points4. These axes of independent handle rotation that intersect the grip points4will be referred to as an independent grip point axis159,160, &161. Independent grip point axes159,160, &161can accommodate for independent gripping hand movements that include (1) supination, (2) pronation, (3) ulna or radius deviation about the wrist, (4) flexion or extension about the wrist, and (5) any combination thereof.

Furthermore, these and other independent gripping hand movements can simultaneously occur while the multiplanar exercise device experiences both translational and rotary motion in the performance of multiplanar functional exercise. Two independent grip point axes159&160that are readily accommodated by grip point geometry2includes (1) the independent grip point axis159shown inFIGS.29-30Athat is collinear to the handle's28longitudinal centerline11and (2) the independent grip point axis160shown inFIGS.30,30B,34, &34A that is collinear to the grip point line5. Another independent grip point axis161of particular significance is shown inFIGS.31-36and is perpendicular to both (1) the handle's28longitudinal centerline11and (2) the grip point line5. All other independent grip point axes not shown can be supported like the independent grip point axis161shown inFIGS.31-36, but at angles of grip point6intersection other than those described above.

The independent grip point axis159that is collinear to the handle's28longitudinal centerline11and shown inFIGS.29-30A, comprises of the handle28having a central longitudinal bore162adapted to support a flanged bearing163at each end, and a handle shaft164assembly mounted to the handle joining member51and adapted to receive the central longitudinal bore162supported flange bearings163of the handle28. More specifically, the proximal end of the handle shaft164is fitted with a collared threaded post165that is adapted to extend through the handle screw hole52of the handle joining member51and secured with a nut166and nut cap167as shown inFIGS.29-30A. A collared portion168of the collared threaded post165provides (1) a joining face169to tighten the shaft up to the handle joining member51, (2) an integral wrench flats170to aid in tightening the nut166, and (3) a thrust face171for the flange bearing163to rotate on. The distal end of the handle shaft164is fitted with a reduced threaded post172adapted to support a thrust washer173. The thrust washer173is adjustably secured to the reduced threaded post172by a nut174as to provide an appropriate running clearance between respective flange bearings163and (1) the thrust face171of the collared portion168and (2) a thrust face175provided by the thrust washer173. This flange bearing163supported handle28and handle shaft164assembly can accommodate both radial and bi-directional axial/thrust loads during handle28rotation about the independent grip point axis159. Bilateral gripping hand movements accommodated by the independent grip point axis159shown inFIGS.29-30Ainclude flexion or extension about the wrist and any combination thereof.

The independent grip point axis160that is collinear to the grip point line5and shown inFIGS.30,30B,34, &34A, generally comprises of a bearing176mounted to the proximal end of one handle joining member51and bolted concentrically to the adjacent end of the central axle59whereby providing independent rotation of the bilateral handles28about the grip point line5. The bearing176is preferably a double row angular contact bearing capable of efficiently managing both radial and bidirectional axial/thrust loads applied to this region when the user opposes the tension vector7. More specifically, each handle joining member51includes a flange portion177adapted to facilitate attaching the handle joining member51to the respective distal end of the central axle59.

Still referring toFIGS.30,30B,34, &34A, one flange portion177of the handle joining members51includes a two-hole attachment178where a screw179(shown in hidden lines) is extended into each hole178(shown in hidden lines) and screwed into a respective threaded hole180(shown in hidden lines) located at the distal end of the central axle59. As the screws179are tightened and a respective joining face181of the flange portion177is clamped together with a respective joining face182of the central axle59a secure attachment is provided (seeFIG.32for best understanding of two-hole attachment178). In addition, this secure attachment aligns the respective grip point4of the attached handle28to maintain a collinear relationship with the grip point line5.

Still referring toFIGS.30,30B,34, &34A, the other flange portion177includes a bearing pocket183(shown in section) adapted to retain the bearing176between a bearing stop184and an internal retaining ring185. Furthermore, the bearing pocket183retains a bearing bore186of the bearing176so that the bearing bore186is collinear to the grip point line5when an axle screw187extends through the bearing bore186and is screwed and tightened into a central threaded hole188of the central axle59located collinear to the grip point line5and at the other distal end of the central axle59. This bearing176assembly (shown in section) provides independent rotation of the gripped handles about the grip point line5(i.e., independent grip point axis160). Bilateral gripping hand movement accommodated by the independent grip point axis160shown inFIGS.30,30B,34, &34A include independent ulna or radius deviation about the wrist and any combination thereof. Conversely, when inFIGS.34&34Athe user drives the longitudinal centerlines11of the handles28to become collinear to the grip point line5(via the independent grip point axis161), independent ulna or radius deviation about the wrist is replaced with independent flexion or extension about the wrist and any combination thereof.

The independent grip point axis161shown inFIGS.31-34& especially32is perpendicular to both (1) the handle's28longitudinal centerline11and (2) the grip point line5. To provide the independent grip point axis161the distal end of the handle joining member51is adapted with a bearing pocket189designed to retain a bearing190between a bearing stop191of the bearing pocket189and an internal retaining ring192. The bearing190is preferably a double row angular contact bearing capable of efficiently managing both radial and bidirectional axial/thrust loads applied to this region when the user opposes the tension vector7. Furthermore, the bearing pocket189retains a bearing bore193of the bearing190so that the bearing bore193intersects the grip point4of a yoke194supported handle28and is also perpendicular to both the handle's28longitudinal centerline11and the grip point line5. The handle28is attached to the yoke194with a two-hole attachment195where a screw196is extended into each hole195and screwed into a respective threaded hole197of the handle28and tightened. Although the yoke194shown inFIGS.31-34attaches at both ends of the handle28, an alternate yoke design includes a narrow yoke structure positioned between each side of the gripping middle finger and the adjacent index and ring finger, or a single sided structure that supports the handle28from one end. As best shown inFIG.32, the independent grip point axis161is provided when an axle screw198is extended through an axle screw hole199of the yoke194, a spacer200, the bearing190, and subsequently secured with a nut201and a nut cap202. Bilateral gripping hand movement accommodated by the independent grip point axes161shown inFIGS.31-34include independent supination and pronation and any combination thereof. Referring toFIGS.31-34, when initially gripping a multiplanar exercise device that bilaterally incorporates the independent grip point axis161, it is best to initially grip the handles28when their longitudinal centerlines11are largely parallel to each other and with the forearms generally collinear to the respective axis161. This initial grip protocol allows the independent grip point axes161to properly accommodate for independent gripping hand supination and pronation.

Referring now to an alternate embodiment ofFIGS.31-33and illustrated byFIGS.35-36where a multiplanar exercise device utilizes a pair of independent grip point axes161to accommodate for independent gripping hand supination and pronation. In an effort to optimize the trunnion34based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.35-36, features of the tension vector receiving assembly33and handle joining assembly32employed by the trunnion34based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.18D-18Gare utilized. These features include the V-shaped rigid yoke39, yoke pulleys85, clearance feature43, cone of clearance214, cone of clearance stops215, and the tapered unions211of the handle joining members51(i.e., opposing tapered ears212) and the central axle59(i.e., reverse tapered surface213). More specifically, the trunnion34based multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.35&36employs a modified version of the V-shaped rigid yoke structure39where an additional tension transmitting structure39B (i.e., sewn runner39B) is adapted to be inserted into a loading slot225and retained in a retaining slot226. As shown inFIGS.35&36, a quick link40is attached to the distal end of the sewn runner39B to provide a tension vector engagement member40for a tension vector link210(as shown inFIG.18F) of a tension vector7to attach to. Still referring toFIGS.35&36, when the features of the tension vector attachment assembly38is combined with the features of the trunnion assembly34, the cone of clearance214(as shown inFIGS.18G) plus the soft/flexible nature of the sewn runner39B largely prevent destructive contact between interfering parts (e.g., the tension vector attachment assembly38& the handle joining members51). Another feature utilized by the multiplanar exercise device illustrated inFIGS.35-36includes the tapered unions211of the handle joining members51(i.e., opposing tapered ears212) and the central axle59(i.e., reverse tapered surfaces213) rigidly joined together with a central axle screw60.

These tapered unions211are not only extremely secure but they register the opposing handle joining members51so they are fixed in the same plane as shown in

FIGS.35-36. In addition, the handle joining members51are preferably made of a CNC machined 7075-T6 aluminum, a high-pressure die-casting alloy, or a lightweight molded plastic composite optimized by removing unnecessary material/weight while maintaining strength (as shown inFIGS.35&36).

Still referring toFIGS.35&36, another independent grip point axis consideration is combining the independent grip point axis159that is collinear to the handle's longitudinal centerline11and a secondary independent grip point axis (e.g., axis161) that largely allows the bilateral axes159to become collinear to each other along the grip point line5. This condition can allow the user's initial grip to become unsynchronized with the secondary independent grip point axis (e.g., axis161) if the multiplanar exercise device inadvertently rotates about the collinear axes159. When the user's initial grip becomes unsynchronized with the secondary independent grip point axis (e.g., axis161) the multiplanar exercise device will no longer function properly. For this combination of independent grip point axes to properly function together, design measures would have to be incorporated that would restrict the bilateral axes159from becoming largely collinear.

Referring now to an alternate embodiment of the present invention whereinFIGS.37-37Billustrate a ball-joint based tension vector receiving assembly227. The ball-joint based tension vector receiving assembly227generally comprises of a threaded ball housing231adapted to receive an axled ball228. A center228A of the axled ball228coincides with the pivot point6and preferably comprises of a precision ground heat-treated stainless-steel ball having a necked axle229extending bilaterally from the center228A of the axled ball228. The necked axles229are collinear to the 1staxis of rotation29and the grip point line5. Each distal end of the necked axles229are adapted with a threaded hole230and a reverse tapered surface213(like that utilized inFIGS.18D-18G &35-36) to create a tapered union211with an opposing tapered ears212of each handle joining member51. Subsequently and as shown inFIGS.37&37B, a screw235is inserted thru a hole236in each handle joining member51and secured to respective threaded holes230as to maintain the tapered union211and each handle28position. The threaded ball housing231is preferably made of steel and comprises of a threaded stud portion232and a ring portion233(seeFIG.37B). The ring portion233is fitted with an internal spherical bearing race234and is adapted to engage and provide a bearing surface to the axled ball228. A longitudinal centerline232A (i.e., 3rdaxis of rotation31) of the threaded stud portion232intersects a center234A of the internal spherical bearing race234and the engaged axled ball228(seeFIGS.37&37B). As shown inFIG.37, this well-known ball-joint arrangement provides the threaded ball housing231with the following three axes of rotation: (1) 360 degrees of rotation about the 1staxis of rotation29, (2) limited rotation about the 2ndaxis of rotation30, and (3) limited rotation about the 3rdaxis of rotation31. The angle of rotation about the 2nd29& 3rd31axes are determined by when the ring portion233of the threaded ball housing231abuts against the opposing necked axles229as shown as points of interference237inFIG.37A.

Still referring toFIGS.37-37Band especiallyFIG.37A, the ball-joint based tension vector receiving assembly227presents a simple and compelling design, but its limited angle of rotation about the 2ndaxis of rotation30can limit its utility. More specifically, even a high-misalignment commercially available ball-joint rod end will typically provide only 64 degrees of angular rotation as shown between angle lines238ofFIG.37A. The optimized ball-joint design227ofFIGS.37-37Bprovides 86 degrees of angular rotation as shown between angle lines239ofFIG.37A. Although this optimized ball-joint design227exceeds the industry standard angular rotation by 34%, it is still insufficient in providing the required angular rotation demanded by many multiplanar exercises. Therefore, the optimized ball-joint design227is likely not a viable alternative to the 140 degrees of angular rotation provided by the trunnion-based tension vector receiving assemblies34disclosed in this document and shown between angle lines240ofFIG.37A. In addition, the 86 degrees of angular rotation of the ball-joint design227can be incrementally increased by (1) increasing the ratio of the diameter of the axled ball228to the diameter of the necked axles229and (2) by decreasing the width of the ring portion233of the threaded ball housing231while providing sufficient strength and axled ball228engagement within the internal spherical bearing race234. Furthermore, in designing for increased angular rotation of the ball-joint design227, the area of opposing bearing surfaces is minimized and can produce an unfavorable phenomenon called stick-slip. Stick-slip occurs between opposing bearing surfaces when they alternately stick together and then slide over one another due to friction being overcome by an applied force and subsequently produces unwanted mechanical jerking and decreased performance. Still referring toFIGS.37-37B, an internally threaded link40is threaded and secured to the threaded stud portion232of the threaded ball housing231and is adapted to engage a tension vector link210as shown inFIG.37. Subsequent to attaching to the tension vector link210, the transmitted tension vector7drives the threaded ball housing231about the available rotation of the axled ball228so that the transmitted tension vector7becomes collinear with the longitudinal centerline232A (i.e., 3rdaxis of rotation31) of the threaded stud portion232and the pivot point6(i.e., the center228A of the axled ball228). Furthermore, the threaded stud portion232(i.e., tension transmitting structure39) acting with the internally threaded link40(i.e., tension vector attachable member40) forms the tension vector attachment assembly38as shown inFIGS.37&37B.

An alternative embodiment of the present invention shown inFIGS.38-38Autilizes a tension vector receiving assembly33similar to the fairlead/orifice assembly35shown inFIGS.19-22where the fairlead113supports the central orifice120that in turn supports the sewn runner39. More specifically, the multiplanar exercise device shown inFIGS.38-38Autilizes the tension vector receiving assembly33comprising of a central orifice241supported by the handle joining assembly32, and a flexible tension transmitting member39. When compared to the fairlead/orifice based35tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.19-22, the central orifice241based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.38-38Afunctions the same way except for the central orifice241is integrated directly into the handle joining assembly29. The flexible tension transmitting member39inFIGS.38-38Ais illustrated as a UHMWPE rope39such as a readily available 12 strand AmSteel® or Dyneema® rope. The UHMWPE rope39comprises of a 1stlocked Brummel eye-splice242at one end of the UHMWPE rope39and a 2ndlocked Brummel eye-splice243at the other end of the UHMWPE rope39. The central orifice241is supported by the handle joining assembly32and comprises of a hole244having an upper245and a lower246radiused circumference (seeFIG.38A). The hole244further comprises of a longitudinal centerline247that is both perpendicular to the grip point line5and intersects the pivot point6. The UHMWPE rope39is attached to the handle joining assembly32by a swiveling attachment assembly248comprising a swiveling pin249and a swiveling sleeve250comprising a hollow251, a threaded pin hole252, and a bearing surface253. To assemble the swiveling attachment assembly248, the 1steye-splice242is inserted into the hollow251followed by simultaneously securing the swiveling pin249into the threaded pin hole252and through the 1steye-splice242, while the 2ndeye-splice243is exiting the bearing surface253side of the swiveling sleeve250as shown inFIG.38A. The assembled swiveling attachment assembly248is then mounted to the handle joining assembly32by first inserting the 2ndeye-splice243into the upper radiused circumference245side of the central orifice241. The 2ndeye-splice243is then extended from the lower radiused circumference246of the central orifice241until the bearing surface253of the swiveling sleeve250fully contacts a bearing support surface254of the handle joining assembly32. A slidable interference fit between the UHMWPE rope39and the hole244of the central orifice241largely retains the assembled swiveling attachment assembly248to the handle joining assembly32. Instead of attaching the tension vector7directly to the 2ndeye-splice243, the wear resistant quick link40is preferably utilized to avoid harmful wear to the fibrous UHMWPE rope39and provides a durable tension vector7attachment point. The lower radiused circumference246and the diameter of the hole244are appropriately sized with respect to the size of the flexible tension transmitting member39so that when the user opposes the tension vector7, the line of tension42that is created largely intersects the pivot point6from all serviceable angles during exercise (as shown inFIGS.38-38A).

When attached to the tension vector7and opposed by the gripping user, the central orifice241based tension vector attachment assembly38shown inFIGS.38-38Abecomes tensioned and the longitudinal centerline247of the central orifice241becomes the 1staxis of rotation29, and similarly the lower radiused circumference246of the central orifice241creates the 2ndaxis of rotation30. More specifically, the 1staxis of rotation29is developed by the section of tensioned UHMWPE rope39that spans from the swiveling pin249to the tangent edge of the lower radiused circumference246of the central orifice241(seeFIG.38A). The 1staxis of rotation29is perpendicular to the grip point line5and intersects the pivot point6. The 2ndaxis of rotation30is formed by the section of tensioned UHMWPE rope39that is supported by the lower radiused circumference246of the central orifice241. The 2ndaxis of rotation is (1) perpendicular to the 1staxis of rotation29, (2) intersects the 1staxis29at the pivot point6, and (3) rotates/swivels with & about the 1staxis of rotation29(seeFIGS.38&38A). Therefore if the 1staxis of rotation29rotates, the 2ndaxis of rotation30will rotate/swing with and about the 1staxis of rotation29. Conversely, if the 1staxis of rotation is stagnated, the 2ndaxis of rotation30can still rotate independently.

Still referring toFIGS.38-38A, it is important to understand that the 2ndaxis of rotation created by the lower radiused circumference246can only support 90 degrees of rotation from the longitudinal centerline247. This 90-degree limitation results from as soon as the tensioned UHMWPE rope39rotates further than 90 degrees, any further contact with the handle joining assembly32will cause the tension vector7or the line of tension42to depart from the pivot point6and degrade performance. Consequently, the central orifice241based tension vector attachment assembly38can rotate 360 degrees about the 1staxis of rotation29but only 180 degrees about the 2ndaxis of rotation30(seeFIG.38-38A). Therefore, this central orifice241based tension vector receiving assembly33is limited to receiving the tension vector7from those points on a conceptual hemisphere where the pivot point6is the hemisphere's center as shown inFIG.38. Furthermore, the tension vector7receivable hemisphere about the pivot point6can be selected by adapting the handle joining assembly32to support the central orifice241in the direction of the selected hemisphere. More specifically, the handle joining assembly32(i.e., handle joining bar32) must be designed to support the central orifice241so that the longitudinal centerline247of the central orifice241is directed to the selected hemisphere.

Still referring toFIGS.38-38A, the handle joining assembly/bar32is preferably made of 7075-T6 aluminum so the central orifice241can support a polished anodized surface. (an alternative central orifice241material may include an UHMWPE plastic) While in use the central orifice241based tension vector receiving assembly33directs the attached tension vector7to the pivot point6by allowing the tensioned UHMWPE rope39to slide on the polished anodized surface of the central orifice241and maintain a collinear relationship between the attached tension vector7, the UHMWPE rope39, the line of tension42, and the pivot point6. In order to maintain this collinear relationship, the UHMWPE rope39is driven by the tension vector7opposing the gripping user, causing the section of the UHMWPE rope39that is supported by the swiveling attachment assembly248, and the hole244and lower radiused circumference246of the central orifice241to respond and rotate about the 1stand 2ndaxis of rotation29&30.

Still referring toFIGS.38-38A, to accommodate for rotation about the 1staxis of rotation the following occurs: (1) The UHMWPE rope39that is supported by the hole244and the lower radiused circumference246slides concentrically about the longitudinal centerline247(i.e., 1staxis of rotation) of the central orifice241. (2) The swiveling attachment assembly248rotates together about the longitudinal centerline247(i.e., 1staxis of rotation) causing the bearing surface253of the swiveling sleeve250to rotate on the bearing supporting surface254of the handle joining bar32. This rotation is facilitated by the bearing surface253being composed of a high bearing grade plastic sliding on the polished anodized bearing supporting surface254of the handle joining bar32. An optional design to this “thrust washer” style bearing configuration that likely exhibits unfavorable stick-slip, would be the utilization of a largely frictionless needle thrust bearing assembly. To accommodate for rotation about the 2ndaxis of rotation30, the UHMWPE rope39simply wraps either on or off the surface of the lower radiused circumference246of the central orifice241as shown inFIG.38A. With respect to the rotation capacity about the 3rdaxis of rotation31, the UHMWPE rope39offers a certain amount of twist within and along its fibrous construction that translates into an effective amount of “available rotation”. When torque equilibrium along the 3rdaxis of rotation31is required between the rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and the tension transmitting cable lay, the above “available rotation” can accommodate for it without any noticeable performance degradation.

An alternative method to attach the 1steye-splice242to the handle joining assembly32shown inFIGS.38-38A, may include simply utilizing a screw to anchor the 1steye-splice242to the handle joining assembly32and then directing the UHMWPE rope39down through the central orifice241. This method may cause premature wear of the UHMWPE rope39particularly about the section supported in the hole244of the central orifice241where a twisting action along the UHMWPE rope39would be required to accommodate rotation about the 1staxis of rotation29.

In order for the central orifice241based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.38-38Ato direct the attached tension vector7from performed exercise angles to the pivot point6, the UHMWPE rope39must endure extreme repetitive bending at the pivot point6. This extreme repetitive bending at the pivot point6will cause the UHMWPE rope39to prematurely wear and ultimately fail at this location. Although the premature failure of the UHMWPE rope39is a negative, this simple inexpensive design could incorporate a “replacement strategy” of the UHMWPE rope39that customers may adopt.

Now referring toFIGS.38B &38Cwhere an optional linear orifice array255supported by the handle joining assembly32is shown. The linear orifice array255comprises of a series of optional orifices256linearly align to each side of the central orifice241as shown inFIG.38B. Functionally identical to the central orifice241shown inFIGS.38-38A, the central orifice241shown inFIGS.38B &38Cis also adapted to direct the tension vector7to the pivot point6when opposed by the gripping user. The series of optional orifices256are functionally identical to the central orifice241with one exception that they direct the tension vector7to selected points along the grip point line5other than the pivot point6. Identical in function to the swiveling attachment assembly248shown inFIGS.38-38A, the swiveling attachment assembly248shown in38B &38C is supplied with an alternative sewn runner39instead of the UHMWPE rope39. By selectively loading the swiveling attachment assembly248shown inFIGS.38B &38Cin an optional orifice256, the user can change the percentage of resistance delivered to each gripping hand. For example, the tension vector7may deliver 100 pounds of resistance and one gripped handle28may receive 30 percent while the other would receive 70 percent depending on the position of the optional orifice256chosen. The central orifice241delivers 50 percent of the total resistance delivered by the tension vector7to each grip point4of the gripped handles28. An alternative embodiment to the linear array225shown inFIG.38Bmay include a linear engageable feature that replaces all the orifices256&241and is adapted to support a slidable orifice that can be positioned and locked along the length of the linear engageable feature.

Referring now toFIG.38D, where the optional linear orifice array255is utilized and supports an optional orifice256based tension vector receiving assembly33where a looped UHMWPE rope39extends from any one optional orifice256to another or from any one optional orifice256to the central orifice241for a desired resistance application effect. More specifically, the looped UHMWPE rope39is terminated at both ends with a locked Brummel eye-splice257each of which extends up the selected optional orifice256or central orifice241and attached to a respective swiveling attachment assembly248as utilized inFIGS.38-38Cand shown inFIG.38D. Additionally, the looped UHMWPE rope39is guided around a pulley258that is supported by a pulley block259. Furthermore, the pulley block259also supports a swiveling-eye40that is adapted to rotate about the 3rdaxis of rotation31(seeFIG.38D). When the swiveling-eye40is attached to the tension vector7and actively opposed by the gripping user, the pulley258will rotate along the looped UHMWPE rope39as the tension forces transmitted by the looped UHMWPE rope39on either side of the pulley259are automatically maintained in equilibrium. This action creates the line of tension42that is collinear to the tension vector7and the 3rdaxis of rotation31. However, with respect to a bisecting point260along the grip point line5and between respective attached orifices256(or241if selected), the line of tension42exhibits a certain amount of tension vector attachment point drift9to either side of the bisecting point260as shown inFIG.38D. The commercial value of this looped UHMWPE rope39and pulley block259design shown inFIG.38Dis questionable and offers the following limited benefits. The looped UHMWPE rope39provides two points of bending, one at each orifice256(or241if selected) that share the tension bending forces and extends the service life of the looped UHMWPE rope39. The swiveling-eye40that is integrated in the pulley block259and adapted to rotate concentrically about the 3rdaxis of rotation31provides torque equilibrium between the rotation of the multiplanar exercise device and the tension transmitting cable lay.

Referring now toFIGS.38E-38G, where the linear orifice array255supported by the handle joining assembly32shown inFIGS.38B &38Cis essentially rotated 90 degrees about the grip point line5and is supported by an offset handle joining assembly32as shown especially inFIG.38F. Although the optional orifices256and central orifice241shown inFIGS.38E-38Ghave a much longer hole244section and service a different hemisphere, they function identically to those described inFIGS.38B &38Cwith the exception of a couple of alternate features that include the following. Instead of utilizing the swiveling attachment assembly248shown inFIGS.38-38C, a simplified retaining ring261is employed to anchor the 1stlocked Brummel eye-splice242at the upper radiused circumference245as shown inFIGS.38E-38G. Referring specifically toFIG.38G, due to a thin section262of the handle joining assembly32that supports the linear orifice array255a largely spherical exercise service region can be provided with limited performance degradation. More specifically, the tension vector attachment assembly38can extend past the hemispherical exercise service region and wrap around the thin section262of the handle joining assembly32and direct the tension vector7to an effective tension vector attachment point8that largely falls a distance9either directly above or below the engaged orifice256or241(seeFIG.38G). (the distance9is the same as the effective tension vector attachment point drift9) The effect of the effective tension vector attachment point drift9shifts the grip points4and the middle finger grip marker47the distance9along the longitudinal centerlines11to shifted grip points4A and shifted middle finger grip markers47A as shown inFIG.38G. The effect of shifting grip points4creates an inconsistent torque state about the gripping hands12and wrists13during exercise that users may disapprove of. Furthermore, the UHMWPE rope39(or similar component) would be required to endure extreme bending leading to premature failure and likely prevent commercial adoption.

Other alternate embodiments of the present invention may include a tension vector receiving assembly33(such as the trunnion34, fairlead/orifice35, clevis36, or ball-joint227based tension vector receiving assemblies33) that is positioned or selectively positioned along the grip point line5at points other than the pivot point6. This would create an effective tension vector attachment point8along the grip point line5that does not exhibit drift9and may provide a desired exercise effect. Another alternate embodiment of the present invention may include a multiplanar exercise device that has multiple bilateral handles28whereby providing alternative gripping hand12positions. Yet another alternate embodiment of the present invention may include the tension vector attachment assembly38adapted to engage more than one tension vector7at a time. Yet another alternate embodiment of the present invention may include the tension vector attachment assembly38adapted to engage a bracket mounted pulley having a tension vector7guided around it and whereby effectively creating two tension vector source points1for a desired exercise effect. Still, yet another alternate embodiment of the present invention may include a force transducer and display that measures forces received by the multiplanar exercise device as the user opposes the tension vector7.

Although all the above embodiments of the present invention shown inFIGS.1-25B &29-38Gutilize grip point geometry2to apply the attached tension vector7to the gripping hands of the user; it must be understood that grip point geometry2can also apply a variety of other force vectors besides the tension vector7that acts collinear to the 3rdaxis of rotation31and line of tension42. These force vectors can be generated by a variety of force vector generating devices that include the following: (1) a “landmine” device where one end of an Olympic barbell is adapted to pivot about floor level and the other end is selectively loaded with weight plates providing a force vector to a lifting user, (2) a selectorized weight-stack based exercise device adapted with a lever that transmits a force vector to an engageable embodiment of the present invention, (3) a plate-loaded based exercise device adapted with a lever that transmits a force vector to an engageable embodiment of the present invention, (4) an elastic/resilient-based exercise device adapted with a lever that transmits a force vector to an engageable embodiment of the present invention, and (5) a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electromagnetic-based exercise device adapted with a lever that transmits a force vector to an engageable embodiment of the present invention. Force vector generating exercise devices can include a predetermined or user-directed path of motion and transmit force vectors that include a push, pull, torsional, or any combination thereof and at any angle to the pivot point6or 3rdaxis of rotation31.

Referring now toFIGS.39-39B, that show an alternative embodiment of the present invention where a robust trunnion-based force vector receiving assembly263that includes an example of an applied force vector264, a transmitted force vector265, a pair of arm pulleys267joined together by a 3rdaxis bearing flange268and four screws269, the clearance feature43, a bearing270(shown as a double row angular contact ball bearing), a bearing bore271, an internal retaining ring272and a receiving groove273, a pair of optional torsional detents274, a spacer275providing an applied force vector interface276, and a fastening assembly277adapted to attach a selected force vector generating device to the applied force vector interface276of the present invention shown inFIGS.39-39B. More specifically, the trunnion-based force vector receiving assembly263utilizes a robust rigid yoke assembly (that includes the pair of arm pulleys267joined together by the 3rdaxis bearing flange268and four screws269) that can effectively transmit the applied force vector264from the interface276to the pivot point6(i.e., effective attachment point8) via the trunnion assembly263and create the transmitted force vector265. Subsequently, the transmitted force vector265acting at the pivot point6(i.e., effective attachment point8) is then transmitted through the handle joining assembly32and creates a balanced parallel force vector266at each grip point4that acts parallel to and with half the magnitude of the transmitted force vector265. Another feature of the trunnion-based force vector receiving assembly263includes the optional torsional detents274that when selectively engaged to corresponding pins of a force vector generating device can transmit torsional force about the 3rdaxis31and effectively lockout the independent rotation provided by the bearing270. This independent rotation detent-lockout can also be selectively adapted to the 2nd30and 1staxis of rotation29for a desired effect.

Referring now toFIG.39A, that shows the force vector receiving embodiment of the present invention shown inFIG.39where the trunnion-based force vector receiving assembly263is attached to a landmine accessory280adapted to facilitate the performance of landmine exercise while providing the benefits of the disclosed invention. More specifically, the landmine accessory280comprises of a strong metal tube281adapted to receive an Olympic barbell at an open end282and at the other end a closed end283having an internal milled slot and hole284adapted to engage a bolt278(of the fastening assembly277) as to maintain position and prevent rotation of the bolt278(as shown inFIGS.39A &39B). To attach the landmine accessory280to the applied force vector interface276, the bolt278is inserted into the tube281and positioned at the milled slot and hole284(as shown inFIG.39A) and then extended through both the spacer275and the bearing270that is retained within the bearing bore271by the internal retaining ring272and the receiving groove273(as shown in the partially exploded viewFIG.39B). After extending past the end of the bearing270, the bolt278is tightened with a nut279whereby firmly securing the landmine accessory280to the applied force vector interface276of the trunnion-based force vector receiving assembly263. Furthermore, a threaded boss285is fixed to the tube281and is adapted to receive a screw knob286that collectively provide a method to secure the landmine accessory280to the Olympic barbell by tightening the screw knob286on to the inserted surface of the Olympic barbell. When mounted to the force vector receiving embodiment of the present invention shown inFIGS.39-39Band to the Olympic barbell, the landmine accessory280shown inFIGS.39A &39Bwill provide adequate room for selected weight plates and facilitate the performance of landmine exercise while providing the benefits of the disclosed invention. Other disclosed alternative embodiments of the present invention that are a candidate for force vector receiving conversion include the clevis-based tension vector receiving assembly33shown inFIGS.24-25Band ball-joint based tension vector receiving assembly227shown inFIGS.37-37B.

A delineation between similar existing sagittal plane designed exercise devices includes the addition of the “multiplanar” tension vector receiving assembly33that manages and directs the attached tension vector7from either largely hemispherical or spherical points surrounding and to a point along the grip point line5. That being said, an alternate embodiment of the present invention that requires discussion includes a round straight bar (or an equivalent) that can multitask and provide features that include the following: (1) integrated bilateral handles28having longitudinal centerlines11that are collinear to the grip point line5, (2) bilateral grip points4that can be established anywhere along available bilateral gripping surface allowing symmetrical or opposing bilateral grips, (3) the round straight bar provides an integrated central axle59that can support the trunnion34based tension vector receiving assembly33disclosed above, and (4) the ergonomics of collinear bilateral grips restrict performed multiplanar exercise due to the bilateral handles28having collinear centerlines11.

Of the alternative embodiments of the present invention disclosed in this application, the likely successful commercial embodiments include the following shown inFIGS.18D-18G,24-25B,35-36, and39-39B. The likely successful consumer embodiments include the following shown inFIGS.19-22,38-38C, and38E-38G.

With respect to the claims referenced by this disclosure, bearing assemblies/features used to support the 1staxis of rotation29, the 2ndaxis of rotation30, and the optional 3rdaxis of rotation31may be respectively referred to as a 1stbearing assembly, a 2ndbearing assembly, and a 3rdbearing assembly.