Clothes drying rack

A collapsible clothes drying rack that operates on the "lazy tong" principle has four extended upper amrs supporting two opposed, parallel rods that are spaced apart approximately twice as far as the two upper, outside rods are spaced in a conventional collapsible clothes dryer. A mesh support member is provided with means at opposite ends thereof for attaching the mesh member to the parallel, spaced apart rods at the top of the four extended arms of the collapsible clothes drying rack, for use, among other things, in the drying of seaters. The collapsible rack includes a pair of foldable and extendable lazy tong linkages with a plurality of clothes supporting rods extending between and pivotally secured to the lazy tong linkages. Wooden clothes supporting rods sheathed in plastic are secured to the folding arms of the lazy tong linkages. In a preferred embodiment, a rigid ferrule is seated within a receiving hole in each lazy tong arm to form a tight fit with the rod, and a tapered threaded member is screwed into the end of the wooden rod that is seated in the rigid ferrule.

This invention relates to a collapsible clothes drying rack, and in 
particular such a rack having a sweater drying capability. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Collapsible clothes drying racks have been known for well over a century, 
at least since U.S. Pat. No. 82,280 was issued to J. B. Blood on Sept. 22, 
1868. As that patent was issued for an "Improved Clothes-Drier" of a 
complicated construction and specifically described dimensions, simpler 
and more conventionally designed collapsible clothes drying racks were 
presumably in use even earlier than 1868. 
In the few cases known to applicant in which conventional collapsible 
clothes drying racks of "lazy tong" construction have been provided with 
extenders at their upper extremities, this has involved a complicated and 
relatively expensive arrangement of parts, such as in Cecil U.S. Pat. No. 
3,133,645, issued May 19, 1964, and German Pat. No. 2,719,771 dated Nov. 
24, 1977. 
In some cases, such as the German patent just cited and Schissel U.S. Pat. 
No. 2,406,638 issued Aug. 27, 1946, flexible, spaced, parallel means have 
been provided to support the clothing being dried, which support means 
could perhaps be used to support a wet or damp sweater. However, if this 
was done, the sweater would dry in a distorted shape, and furthermore any 
such use would preempt all the hanging positions for other clothes to be 
dried. 
It has long been known that the pivoted connections in the conventional 
lazy tong construction of a clothes drying rack tend to become loose with 
the passage of time, and with continued opening and closing of the 
collapsible racks. In fact, an almost universal complaint about 
conventional collapsible clothes drying racks that operate on the "lazy 
tong" principle is that as the pivoted connections become loose with 
extended use of the rack, the rack in its erected condition becomes so 
unstable that it often falls over, and the clothes being dried fall to the 
floor. 
Fastening devices that would make it possible to adjust the pivoted joints 
of a collapsible clothes drying rack, to correct for this loosening that 
has occurred over time, have been used in such applications as disclosed 
in U.S. Pat. No. 521,861 issued to Zeiser et al. on June 26, 1894, almost 
a century ago. Similar devices have been used over the years in other 
applications, such as shown in German Pat. No. 2,420,264 dated Nov. 6, 
1975. However, until applicant made the present invention, it has 
apparently not been thought possible to remedy the problem in question in 
collapsible clothes drying racks by utilizing such fastening means that 
have been available for a very long time in other fields. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The collapsible clothes drying rack of the present invention solves all the 
problems just discussed that have been presented by prior art racks. 
The rack of this invention is comprised of a pair of foldable and 
extendable lazy tong linkages having lower and upper terminal ends. Each 
lazy tong linkage includes a series of "X"-shaped subassemblies 
(typically, three such subassemblies) pivotally attached to each other, 
with the uppermost "X"-shaped subassembly of each series having arms of 
greater length than the arms of the subassemblies below that uppermost 
subassembly. 
A plurality of rods extends between the two lazy tong linkages, with the 
rods being pivotally secured to each lazy tong linkage. In addition, a 
pair of opposed, parallel, spaced apart clothes supporting rods extends 
between the upper extremities of the longer arms of the uppermost 
"X"-shaped subassemblies. The longer arms are preferably of such a size 
that the distance between the last mentioned pair of clothes supporting 
rods is approximately twice the distance between the upper extremities of 
the arms of the "X"-shaped subassemblies below the uppermost subassembly, 
and therefore is approximately twice that distance in a conventional 
collapsible clothes dryer that operates on the "lazy tong" principle. 
The rack includes means for releasably locking the lazy tong linkages in 
their extended positions, so that the rack can be set up for drying 
clothes and taken down when the drying is completed. 
An important feature of the preferred clothes drying rack of this invention 
is a mesh support member extending between the pair of opposed, parallel, 
spaced apart clothes supporting rods at the upper extremities of the 
longer arms of the uppermost "X"-shaped subassemblies. Opposite ends of 
this mesh support member carry means for attaching the same to the two 
spaced-apart clothes supporting rods referred to. The mesh support member 
is especially adapted, as will be explained below, for use in drying a wet 
or damp sweater without stretching or otherwise distorting the sweater and 
without interfering with the hanging of other clothes to be dried on other 
clothes supporting rods of the rack. 
In the preferred construction of the clothes drying rack of this invention, 
each arm of the foldable lazy tong subassembly defines a receiving hole at 
the point of attachment of one of the clothes supporting rods. This 
attachment includes a rigid ferrule seated within the receiving hole to 
form a tight fit with the clothes supporting rod. The end portion of the 
rod is in turn seated within the ferrule to form a tight fit. Finally, a 
threaded member, which is tapered to its smallest dimension at its free 
end, is screwed into the end portion of the clothes supporting rod seated 
within the metal ferrule. 
The ferrule is seated in and extends through aligned holes in each pair of 
lazy tong subassembly arms that are pivotally attached to each other. In 
turn, the end portion of the clothes supporting rod that is secured to 
these pivotally attached subassembly arms is tightly seated in and extends 
through the ferrule.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION 
The collapsible clothes drying rack of this invention is shown in its 
erected condition in FIG. 1, with a number of rods in position to support 
various wet or damp articles of clothing, and a mesh screen at the upper 
extremities of the rack that is especially adapted for supporting a wet or 
damp sweater during drying. The rack may be constructed from any suitable 
hard wood, with the clothes supporting parts of the rods just mentioned 
preferably being sheathed in plastic. 
Lazy Tong Structure 
Collapsible clothes drying rack 10 includes a pair of foldable and 
extendable lazy tong linkages 12 and 14. Lazy tong linkage 14 on the far 
side of FIG. 1 is the mirror image of lazy tong linkage 12 on the near 
side of that Figure. 
Lazy tong linkage 12 includes series of "X"-shaped subassemblies 16, 18 and 
20. Subassembly 16 is comprised of arms 16a and 16b, which are pivotally 
attached to each other at pivot point 16c located at their respective 
midsections. Subassembly 18 is similarly formed of arms 18a and 18b, which 
are pivoted at point 18c. 
Subassembly 20 is generally similar to subassemblies 16 and 18, but, as 
will be explained below, is different in one essential respect. 
Each subassembly 16, 18 and 20 is pivotally attached at at least one of its 
extremities to a vertically adjacent similar subassembly, as at pivot 
points 22 and 24. 
Longer Upper Arms 
Uppermost "X"-shaped subassembly 20 has arms 20a and 20b of greater length 
than arms 16a/16b and arms 18a/18b of the two lower subassemblies 16 and 
18, respectively. Arms 20a and 20b are pivotally attached to each other at 
the lower portions of their respective midsections, rather than at the 
approximate midpoint of the arms as is the case with subassemblies 16 and 
18. 
It will be seen that one advantage of longer arms 20 is that they make it 
possible to include two additional clothes supporting rods in the rack 
without increasing the floor area occupied by the rack. Another important 
advantage is that the longer arms make it possible for the rack to include 
the mesh support member to be described below. 
Clothes Supporting Rods 
As shown in FIG. 1, rods 26 extend between and are secured to the 
midsections of each lazy tong subassembly 16, 18 and 20. Rods 28 and 30 
extend between and are secured to lazy tong linkages 12 and 14 at pivot 
points 22 and 24, respectively, which are located in the outer portions of 
subassemblies 16, 18 and 20. Rods 32 extend between and are secured to 
lazy tong linkages 12 and 14 at attachment points 34 in arms 20a and 20b 
of uppermost subassembly 20 in each of the lazy tong linkages. 
Rods 36 extend between upper extremities 38 of longer arms 20a of uppermost 
"X"-shaped subassembly 20 of lazy tong linkages 12 and 14. Finally, in 
this embodiment, clothes supporting rods 40 extend between locking means 
42 (to be discussed below) carried by lazy tong linkages 12 and 14. 
Rods 26, 28, 30, 32 and 36 are all secured to at least one of the arms in 
subassemblies 16, 18 and 20 of lazy tong linkages 12 and 14. The end 
portions of rods 26 in typical embodiments of the clothes drying rack of 
this invention are fixedly secured to the outer arm of the respective lazy 
tong linkages at pivots 16c, 18c and 20c, and are pivotally secured to the 
inner arm of the respective lazy tong linkage. At some point in time, 
depending upon the kind and extent of wear in the rod end portions, the 
rods in the typical embodiments of racks just referred to may be pivotally 
secured to the outer arm of the lazy tong linkage and fixedly secured to 
the inner arm. In other embodiments, this may be true at all times. The 
same relationship obtains with clothes supporting rods 28 and 30, and with 
rod 32 on the right-hand side of FIG. 1. 
In every case, in order to achieve the desired stability of the rack when 
it is in its erected condition, the tolerances in the production of the 
clothes supporting rods described and the lazy tong subassembly arms to 
which they are attached should preferably be maintained sufficiently tight 
that the lazy tong members will extend and retract stiffly rather than 
loosely. 
All the rods that have been described serve to support wet or damp articles 
of clothing that are to be dried on rack 10. Rods 36 and 40 function as 
clothes supporting rods that are at all times fixedly, not pivotally, 
attached to upper extremities 38 of arms 20a and 20b, and to locking means 
42, respectively. 
As will be seen, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the distance 
between clothes supporting rods 36 is approximately twice the distance 
between each pair of clothes supporting rods 28 and 30 at the upper 
extremities of the arms of "X"-shaped subassemblies 16 and 18 that are 
located below uppermost subassembly 20. This spacing makes it possible to 
utilize a mesh support member (as described below) of a much larger 
overall area than would be possible if the mesh support member were 
suspended from a conventional collapsible clothes drying rack. When the 
mesh support member is used, rods 36 are not ordinarily used as direct 
clothes supporting members. 
Locking Means 
Arms 42 serve as means for releasably locking foldable lazy tong linkages 
12 and 14 in their extended positions. Each locking arm 42 is pivoted at 
one end (for example, on the right-hand side of FIG. 1) to the upper part 
of the midsection of longer arm 20a of the uppermost "X"-shaped 
subassembly 20, and to one of clothes supporting rods 32. 
The other end of each locking arm 42 (on the left-hand side of FIG. 1) 
defines notch 44 in its bottom edge, to selectively engage the other 
clothes supporting rod 32 extending from lazy tong linkage 12 to linkage 
14. As will be seen in FIG. 1, when notch 44 of locking arm 42 engages 
clothes supporting rod 32 in the left-hand part of that Figure, foldable 
lazy tong linkages 12 and 14 are maintained in their extended positions. 
Then, when notch 44 is disengaged from clothes supporting rod 32, clothes 
drying rack 10 can be collapsed by folding lazy tong linkages 12 and 14 
down to bring arms 16, 18 and 20 into closed position against each other. 
As one skilled in the art will recognize, the preferred stiff operating 
characteristics of the connections between the clothes supporting rods and 
lazy tong subassembly arms that are discussed above are effective in 
helping to hold locking arms 42 in place engaged with rod 32, thereby 
helping to hold the rack in a stable erected position. 
Mesh Support Member 
Mesh support member 46 is shown in FIG. 1 extending between opposed, 
parallel, spaced apart clothes supporting rods 36 at the upper extremities 
38 of longer arms 20 in the uppermost "X"-shaped subassembly of clothes 
drying rack 10. Cloth straps 48 are provided at each of the four corners 
of mesh member 46, for tying loops to secure member 46 to upper 
extremities 38 of arm 20a. This arrangement of parts is shown in expanded 
fragmentary view in FIG. 2. 
Mesh support member 46 is preferably a flexible member, formed of any 
suitable plastic material. Satisfactory results may be obtained with mesh 
openings that are about 1" in width and about 1" in length. Improved 
results are obtained with openings that are about 1/2" in each direction. 
Best results are obtained with mesh openings that are about 1/8" and 1/4" 
in width and length, respectively. 
Mesh support member 46 may be used to support any articles of clothing 
being dried, but it is especially adapted to hold a wet or damp sweater, 
since spreading the sweater out on support member 46 will avoid the 
stretching or other distortion of the sweater that would inevitably occur 
if the sweater were hung from hooks, shower curtain rods, or the like, or 
even from one or more of the clothes supporting rods of this rack, to dry. 
At the same time, the drying will proceed much more rapidly and 
efficiently because both the top and bottom portions of the sweater will 
be effectively exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, as the sweater is 
spread out upon the mesh support member. The drying process will thus 
proceed more rapidly than if the wet or damp sweater were spread out upon 
a sheet of tissue paper, or other solid surface, for drying. 
As will be seen, drying a sweater upon mesh support member 46 will in no 
way interfere with the drying of the other wet or damp articles that are 
positioned for drying on clothes supporting rods 26, 28, 30, 32 and 40. 
The mesh support member thus greatly improves the clothes drying 
capability of the rack, in terms of both the kind of clothes that can be 
dried, and the quantity of clothes that can be dried at any given time. 
Rod Securing Means 
As already stated, collapsible clothes drying racks making use of foldable 
and extendable lazy tong linkages have been known for much longer than a 
century. In all of these, as the lazy tong linkages such as linkages 12 
and 14 of clothes drying rack 10 are opened and closed hundreds of times 
when the clothes drying rack is used over a long period of time, wear 
occurring in the pivots of the linkage will cause the rack structure to 
become loose and less stable. 
Although means have long been available, during the century or more just 
referred to, to alleviate this problem, applicants do not know of any 
collapsible clothes drying rack in which the problem has been met. In the 
preferred embodiment of the clothes drying rack 10 of this invention, 
illustrated in the accompanying drawing, this wear problem is successfully 
met for pivots 16c, 22, 18c, 24 and 20c, and for pivot 34 on the 
right-hand side of FIG. 1. Because the indicated wear problem is 
satisfactorily dealt with in this preferred embodiment, the folding lazy 
tong linkages of this rack can be kept tight, so that the rack remains 
stable and reliably erect over an indefinite period of time. 
As will be seen, because clothes supporting rods 26, 28 and 30 are all 
attached to lazy tong linkages 12 and 14 at points where the respective 
arms of subassemblies 16, 18 and 20 are pivotally connected, the end 
portion of each of these rods passes through two arms, such as, for 
example, arms 16a and 16b. The same is true of the end protions of one 
clothes supporting rod 32, i.e., the one on the right-hand side of FIG. 1. 
In each such case, the rod end portion preferably forms a tight fit with 
one of the lazy tong subassembly arms, and a snug but pivotable fit with 
the other arm. 
On the other hand, the end portions of clothes supporting rods 36, as well 
as the end portions of rod 32 on the left-hand side of FIG. 1, are 
attached to only one lazy tong subassembly arm. The attaching means is 
nevertheless the same in all the cases referred to. Because the resulting 
structure for the attachment of the ends of rods 36 to portions 38 of arms 
20 is simpler than the attachment of rods 26, 28 and 30 to their 
respective lazy tong subassembly arms, the attachment of rod 36 on the 
right-hand side of FIG. 1 will be described first. 
As shown in FIG. 3, which provides an expanded, fragmentary sectional view 
taken along the line 3--3 in FIG. 1, upper extremity 38 of each arm 20a 
defines a receiving hole 52 at the fixed attachment of each end of clothes 
supporting rod 36. Rigid ferrule 50, suitably formed of metal or plastic, 
is seated within and extends through receiving hole 52. Ferrule 50 forms a 
tight, stationary fit with upper extremity 38 of arm 20a. End portion 54 
of clothes supporting rod 36 is seated within and extends through ferrule 
50 to form, in turn, a tight fit with the ferrule. 
As already stated above, rod 36 (as well as the other clothes supporting 
rods of the rack) is typically formed of a suitable hard wood and, except 
for reduced end portion 54, is sheathed by a suitable plastic 56. Threaded 
member 58 tapers to a minimum dimension at its free end 60. As seen, it is 
screwed into end portion 54 of clothes supporting rod 36, to cause end 
portion 54 to press more firmly against ferrule 52 whenever this is made 
necessary because of any loosening of the attachment over time. 
If desired, the screws or other tapered threaded members may be inserted in 
all the connections between the clothes supporting rods and the lazy tong 
subassembly arms during the period of first use of the rack, or the 
threaded members may be inserted only as the need becomes apparent when 
wear occurs in the connections upon extended use of the rack. If 
necessary, a larger diameter threaded member 58 may be used as end portion 
54 becomes worn still further, and the smaller diameter tapered member is 
no longer effective to produce a tight fit between the rod end portion and 
the ferrule in which it is seated. 
This wear, as already mentioned, is most likely to occur--upon repeated 
opening and closing of lazy tong subassemblies 12 and 14--in the end 
portions of clothes supporting rods 26, 28 and 30, and to a certain extent 
the end portions of rod 32 on the right-hand side of FIG. 1, all of which, 
unlike rod 36, engage at least one lazy tong subassembly arm in a pivotal 
connection. As has been explained, the fit of the end portion of clothes 
supporting rods 26, 28 and 30 with their respective ferrules at pivot 
points 16a, 22, 18c, 24 and 20c is preferably snug but pivotable with 
respect to at least one of each pair of arms 16, 18 and 20. It is in such 
a pivotal connection that the greatest wear occurs. 
FIG. 4 shows the same type of rod securing means for clothes supporting rod 
30 at pivotal attachment point 24 between lazy tong subassembly arms 18a 
and 20b. The Figure is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 4--4 
in FIG. 1. 
As in FIG. 3, arm 20b defines receiving hole 62, and arm 18a defines 
receiving hole 64. Ferrule 66 is seated in, and extends through, receiving 
holes 62 and 64, to form a tight fit with those holes. End portion 68 of 
clothes supporting rod 30 is seated in and extends through ferrule 66, to 
form a tight fit with the ferrule. 
Tapered threaded member 70 is screwed into end portion 68, to cause the 
clothes supporting rod to press more firmly against ferrule 66 whenever 
this is made necessary because of loosening of the pivotal attachment over 
time. 
The above detailed description has been given for ease of understanding 
only. No unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as 
modifications will be obvious to persons skilled in the art.