Golf ball

A is a golf ball having good shot feel and controllability as well as excellent flight performance, which comprises a core and a cover covering the core, wherein the cover has a Shore D hardness of from 60 to 65 and a stiffness modulus of from 2,000 to 2,500 kgf/cm.sup.2 and is formed from a specific mixture of three ionomer resins.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a golf ball. More particularly, it relates 
to a golf ball having good shot feel (feeling at the time of hitting) and 
controllability as well as excellent flight performance. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A solid golf ball, particularly a two-piece solid golf ball, is associated 
with disadvantages in that the shot feel is hard and poor because the 
cover is formed from a high-rigid ionomer resin and the controllability is 
poor because spin cannot be easily put on the golf ball. However, the two 
piece solid golf ball does show a trajectory referred to as a "straight 
ball" and attains a long flight distance, thus showing good flight 
performance. 
An improvement in the shot feel and controllability of the two piece solid 
golf ball has been achieved by utilizing softening ionomer resins. 
However, softening adversely reduces the repulsion of the golf ball and 
reduces the flight performance, thus reducing flight distance. 
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
In order to solve the above problem, the present inventors have intensively 
studied and have found that a golf ball having good shot feel and 
controllability as welt as excellent flight performance can be obtained by 
using a mixture of a high-rigid ionomer resin, a moderate-rigid ionomer 
resin and a low-rigid ionomer resin as a base resin for the cover. 
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a golf ball 
having good shot feel and controllability as well as excellent flight 
performance. 
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS 
The above object as well as other objects and advantages of the present 
invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the 
following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein 
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section illustrating one embodiment of the golf 
ball of the present invention. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention provides a golf ball which comprises a core and a 
cover covering the core, wherein the cover has a Shore D hardness of from 
60 to 65 and a stiffness modulus of from 2,000 to 2,500 kgf/cm.sup.2 and 
is formed from a mixture of: 
Resin (A): a monovalent or divalent metal salt of a copolymer of ethylene 
and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, which has a Shore D hardness of 65 
to 70 and a stiffness modulus of 3,000 to 4,500 kgf/cm.sup.2 ; 
Resin (B): a monovalent or divalent metal salt of a copolymer of ethylene 
and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, which has a Shore D hardness of 55 
to 65 and a stiffness modulus of 1,300 to 3,000 kgf/cm.sup.2+ ; and 
Resin (C): a monovalent or divalent metal salt of a terpolymer of ethylene, 
acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and acrylate or methacrylate, which has a 
Shore D hardness of 50 to 60 and a stiffness modulus of 700 to 1,300 
kgf/cm.sup.2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
In the present invention, it is necessary that the cover has a Shore D 
hardness of from 60 to 65. If the Shore D hardness of the cover is lower 
than 60, the cover is too soft and the repulsion is deteriorated, thus 
reducing flight performance and lowering flight distance. If the Shore D 
hardness of the cover is higher than 65, the cover is too hard, and shot 
feel and controllability are poor. 
In the present invention, it is necessary that the stiffness modulus of the 
cover is from 2,000 to 2,500 kgf/cm.sup.2. When the stiffness modulus of 
the cover is lower than 2,000 kg/cm.sup.2, the cover is too soft and the 
repulsion is deteriorated, thus reducing flight performance When the 
stiffness modulus of the cover is higher than 2,500 kg/cm.sup.2, the cover 
is too hard and it is impossible to obtain a suitable amount of backspin. 
Therefore, controllability and shot feel are poor. 
In the present invention, the stiffness modulus is determined by using a 
resin sheet formed from the cover resin composition, because the stiffness 
modulus of the cover of the molded golf ball is hardly measured by current 
technique. It is considered that the stiffness modulus of the cover is 
substantially the same as that of the cover resin composition, although 
the stiffness modulus of the cover of the molded golf ball is not actually 
measured. 
On the other hand, the Shore D hardness can be directly determined from the 
molded golf ball. Nevertheless the measurement of the Shore D hardness is 
generally conducted using a test piece made from the cover resin 
composition. The Shore D hardness of the test piece thus made from the 
cover composition is substantially the same as that of the cover of the 
molded golf ball. 
Next, resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C) will be explained in detail. 
In the present invention, resin (A) is a monovalent or divalent metal salt 
of a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and is 
referred to as a "high-rigid ionomer resin." Examples of metal species of 
a metal ion which neutralize some of carboxyl groups of the copolymer to 
form metal salt include monovalent metals such as sodium (Na), lithium 
(Li), potassium (K), etc.; and divalent metals such as zinc, magnesium, 
calcium, etc. Specific examples of the resin (A) include Hi-milan #1605, 
(Na), Hi-milan #1707 (Na), Hi-milan AM7318 (Na) and Hi-milan AM7315 (Zn), 
manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Ltd.; Surlyn #8940 (Na), 
Surlyn #8920 (Na) and Surlyn #7940 (Li), manufactured by Du Pont U.S.A. 
Co.; and lotek 8000 (Na) manufactured by Exxon Chemical Co. These are used 
alone or in combination thereof. Na, Zn or Li described in parentheses 
which are provided at the back of the trade name of the ionomer resins 
respectively indicates neutralizing ion metal species. As to resin (A), 
sodium salts are particularly preferred because of high repulsion. 
In the present invention, it is necessary that the Shore D hardness and 
stiffness modulus of resin (A) are respectively within a range from 65 to 
70 and 3,000 to 4,500 kgf/cm.sup.2. When the Shore D hardness of the resin 
(A) is lower than 65, the cover is too soft and, therefore, the repulsion 
is deteriorated and flight performance is deteriorated. On the other hand, 
when the Shore D hardness of resin (A) is higher than 70, the cover is too 
hard and, therefore, shot feel and controllability are poor. When the 
stiffness modulus of resin (A) is lower than 3,000 kg/cm.sup.2, repulsion 
and flight performance is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the 
stiffness modulus of the resin (A) is higher than 4500 kg/cm.sup.2, shot 
feel and controllability are poor. 
Resin (B) is a monovalent or divalent metal salt of a copolymer of ethylene 
and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and is referred to as a 
"moderate-rigid ionomer resin." Specific examples thereof include Hi-milan 
#1555 (Na), Hi-milan #1557 (Zn), Hi-milan #1652 (Zn) and Hi-milan #1702 
(Zn), manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Ltd. These are used 
alone or in combination thereof. As the resin (B), zinc salts are 
particularly preferred because of good controllability. 
In the present invention, it is necessary that the Shore D hardness and 
stiffness modulus of the resin (B) are respectively within a range from 55 
to 65 and 1,300 to 3,000 kgf/cm.sup.2. When the Shore D hardness of the 
resin (B) is lower than 55, the cover is too soft and, therefore, 
repulsion and flight performance is deteriorated. On the other hand, when 
the Shore D hardness of the resin (B) is higher than 65, the cover is too 
hard and, therefore, shot feel and controllability are poor. When the 
stiffness modulus of the resin (B) is lower than 1,300 kgf/cm.sup.2, 
repulsion and flight performance is deteriorated. On the other hand, when 
the stiffness modulus of the resin (B) is higher than 3000 kg/cm.sup.2, 
shot feel and controllability are poor. 
The resin (C) is a monovalent or divalent metal salt of a terpolymer of 
ethylene, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and acrylate or methacrylate 
and is referred to as a "low-rigid ionomer resin." Specific examples 
thereof include Hi-milan #1855 (Zn) and Hi-milan #1856 (Na), manufactured 
by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Ltd. These are used alone or in 
combination thereof. 
In the present invention, it is necessary that the Shore D hardness and 
stiffness modulus of resin (C) are respectively within a range of from 50 
to 60 and 700 to 1,300 kgf/cm.sup.2. When the Shore D hardness of the 
resin (C) is lower than 50, the cover is too soft and, therefore, 
repulsion and flight performance is deteriorated. On the other hand, when 
the Shore D hardness of the resin (C) is higher than 60, the cover is too 
hard and, therefore, the shot feel and controllability are poor. When the 
stiffness modulus of the resin (C) is lower than 700 kgf/cm.sup.2, the 
repulsion and the flight performance are deteriorated. On the other hand, 
when the stiffness modulus of the resin (C) is higher than 1,300 
kgf/cm.sup.2, it is difficult to improve shot feel and controllability 
while maintaining good flight performance. 
In the present invention, a mixing ratio of the resin (A) to the resin (B) 
and resin (C) may be anyone capable of adjusting the Shore D hardness of 
the cover to 60 to 65 and adjusting the stiffness modulus of the 
composition for cover to 2,000 to 2,500 kgf/cm.sup.2 and is not 
specifically limited. It is preferred that the amount of resin (A), resin 
(B) and resin (C) in the mixture is from 15 to 40% by weight, 20 to 50% by 
weight and 20 to 60% by weight. Since the cover is mainly composed of the 
mixture of the resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C) and only a small amount 
of pigments such as titanium dioxide is added, the Shore D hardness of the 
cover and stiffness modulus of the cover composition are substantially the 
same as the Shore D hardness and stiffness modulus of the mixture of the 
resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C). The listed examples of the resin (A), 
resin (B) and resin (C) are merely illustrative and not limited thereto. 
In the present invention, it is possible to obtain the desired 
characteristics by using the mixture of the resin (A), resin (B) and resin 
(C) as the base resin for the cover. The above resins are generally mixed 
at 150.degree. to 260.degree. C. for 0.5 to 15 minutes using an internal 
mixer such as a kneading type two-screw extruder, a Banbury mixer, a 
kneader, etc. 
In the present invention, various additives such as pigments, dispersants, 
antioxidants, UV absorbers, photostabilizers, fluorescent brighteners, 
etc. can be optionally added in the cover resin composition, in addition 
to the mixture of resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C). Further, other 
resins can also be added unless the characteristics of the mixture of the 
resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C) are damaged. When the cover composition 
is prepared by adding other resins, the amount of the mixture of the resin 
(A), resin (B) and resin (C) in the resin component is preferably not less 
than 70% by weight, particularly not less than 80% by weight. In the 
present invention, the resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C) may be mixed 
with the other additives after previously mixing them, or may be mixed 
with the other additives when preparing the cover composition. The 
thickness of the cover is generally from 0.5 to 3 mm, preferably from 1.5 
to 2 mm. 
A golf ball can be obtained by covering the cover on the core. The core can 
be any any one used for a solid golf ball (solid core) or for a thread 
wound golf ball (thread wound core). 
The solid core may be not only a single structure core but also may be a 
multi-layer (two or more layers) structure core. For example, the core for 
a two-piece golf ball is obtained by subjecting a rubber composition to a 
press vulcanization to compress with heating (e.g. at a temperature of 
140.degree. to 170.degree. C. for 10 to 40 minutes) into a spherical 
vulcanized article. The rubber composition may be prepared by formulating 
10 to 60 parts by weight of at least one vulcanizing agent (crosslinking 
agent) of .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g. 
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc.) or metal salts thereof and 
functional monomers (e.g. trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, etc.), 3 to 
30 parts by weight of a filler (e.g. zinc oxide, barium sulfate, etc.), 
0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a peroxide (e.g. dicumyl peroxide, etc.) and 
0.1 to 1 parts by weight of an antioxidant, based on 100 parts by weight 
of polybutadiene. 
The thread wound core is composed of a center and a thread rubber layer 
wound on the center. The center can be either of a liquid center or a 
rubber center. The rubber center can be obtained by vulcanizing the same 
rubber composition as that of the solid core. 
The thread rubber may be those which have heretofore been used. For 
example, it can be obtained by vulcanizing a rubber composition which 
comprises a natural rubber or a combination of a natural rubber and 
synthetic polyisoprene, an antioxidant, a vulcanizing accelerator and 
sulfur. The solid core and thread wound core as explained above are merely 
illustrative and are not limited thereto. 
A method of covering the cover on the core is not specifically limited, but 
may be a conventional method. For example, a cover composition is prepared 
by adding a suitable amount of additives in the mixture of resin (A), 
resin (B) and resin (C) and molding it into semi-spherical half-shells 
which are then covered on a core and pressure-molding at 130.degree. to 
170.degree. C. for 1 to 5 minutes. Also, the same cover composition may be 
directly injection-molded on a core. During cover molding, dimples may be 
formed on the surface of the ball, if necessary. Further, a paint or 
marking may be optionally provided after cover molding. 
Next, one embodiment of the structure of the golf ball of the present 
invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing. 
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section illustrating one embodiment of the 
golf ball of the present invention. The golf ball shown in FIG. 1 is a 
two-piece solid golf ball comprising a core 1 of a vulcanized molded 
article of a rubber composition and a cover 2 covering the core. The core 
1 is a solid core but is not limited thereto. For example, the core 1 may 
be a vulcanized molded article of the rubber composition comprising 
polybutadiene as a main material, and the cover 2 may be formed from the 
cover composition containing the mixture of the resin (A), resin (B) and 
resin (C) as the base resin. In addition, 2a is a dimple provided on the 
cover 2. In the golf ball shown in FIG. 1, the core 1 is made of a 
single-layer structure vulcanized molded article of the rubber 
composition, but it may be a two-layer structure solid core obtained by 
further forming an outer core of the vulcanized molded article of the 
rubber composition comprising polybutadiene as the main material around an 
inner core of the vulcanized molded article of the rubber composition 
comprising polybutadiene as the main material, or a thread wound core 
comprising a center and a thread rubber wound on the center. 
The suitable number and embodiment of the dimples 2a are optionally 
provided on the cover 2 of the golf ball so as to obtain the desired 
characteristics. Further, a paint or marking may be optionally provided on 
the surface of the golf ball. 
As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a 
golf ball having good shot feel and controllability as well as excellent 
flight performance. 
EXAMPLES 
The following Examples and Comparative Examples further illustrate the 
present invention in detail but are not to be construed to limit the scope 
thereof. 
Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 
Golf balls of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were produced 
via steps shown in the following Items (1) to (3). 
(1) Production of Core 
A rubber composition prepared by formulating 30 parts by weight of zinc 
acrylate, 17 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 1.2 parts by weight of dicumyl 
peroxide and 0.5 parts by weight of an antioxidant Yoshinox 425 (trade 
name), manufactured by Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.! into 100 
parts by weight of polybutadiene BR-11 (trade name), manufactured by 
Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.! was vulcanization-molded at 150.degree. 
C. for 30 minutes to produce a solid core having a diameter of 39.0 mm. 
(2) Production of Cover Composition 
Ingredients shown in Table 1 were mixed using a kneading type twin-screw 
extruder to prepare a pelletized cover composition. In Table 1, the 
stiffness modulus and Shore D hardness are shown, together with the cover 
composition. The unit of the amount of the respective ingredients in Table 
1 is part by weight. Since the resin (A), resin (B) and resin (C) are 
indicated by the trade name in Table 1, their details are shown at the 
back of Table 1. 
The extrusion conditions are as follows: a screw diameter: 45 mm; a screw 
revolution per minute: 200 rpm; a screw L/D: 35. The formulation 
ingredients were heated at 220.degree. to 260.degree. C. at the die 
position of the extruder. The measuring methods of the Shore D hardness 
and stiffness modulus are as follows. 
Shore D Hardness 
It is measured according to ASTM D-2240 after a hot-press molded sheet 
having a thickness of about 2 mm was produced from the cover composition 
and preserved at 23.degree. C. for two weeks. 
Stiffness Modulus 
It is measured according to ASTM D-747 after a hot-press molded sheet 
having a thickness of about 2 mm was produced from the cover composition 
and preserved at 23.degree. C. for two weeks. 
The cover composition of Comparative Example 1 will be explained below. 
That is, the cover composition of Comparative Example 1 is obtained by 
using only a high-rigid ionomer resin as the base resin and the cover 
composition of Comparative Example 1 corresponds to a composition for 
conventional ionomer resin cover. The golf ball of Comparative Example 1 
using this cover composition is a golf ball for criterion of comparison. 
(3) Production of Golf Ball 
A two-piece solid golf ball having an outer diameter of 42.7 mm was 
produced by injection-molding the cover composition of the above item (2) 
directly on the solid core of the above item (1) to cover the solid core 
and painting the resulting golf ball. 
The ball weight, compression (PGA), flight distance (carry), spin amount, 
shot feel and controllability at the time of approach shot of the golf 
ball thus obtained were measured. The results are shown in Table 2. The 
measurement and evaluation methods of the flight distance, spin amount, 
shot feel and controllability at the time of approach are as follows. In 
addition, the flight distance was examined in case of hitting with a No. 1 
wood club and the spin amount was examined in case of hitting with a No. 9 
iron club. 
Flight Distance and Spin Amount 
A No. 1 wood club was fitted to a swing robot manufactured by True Temper 
Co. and a golf ball was hit at a head speed of 45 m/second, and then a 
distance to the dropping point was measured and the resultant distance was 
taken as the flight distance. The spin amount is determined by 
continuously taking a photo of the hit golf ball. In Table 2, the case of 
hitting with this No. 1 wood club is represented as "W#1 45 m/second." 
A No. 9 iron club was fitted to a swing robot manufactured by True Temper 
Co. and a golf ball was hit at a head speed of 34 n/second, and then the 
spin amount is determined by continuously taking a photo of the hit golf 
ball. In Table 2, the case of hitting with this No. 9 iron club is 
represented as "I#9 34 m/second." 
Shot Feel 
It is evaluated by practically hitting the golf ball with a No. 1 wood club 
by 15 golfers (9 professional golfers and 6 amateur golfers). 
The evaluation criteria are as follows. 
Evaluation Criteria of Results 
O: Not less than 10 out of 15 golfers replied "good." 
.increment.: About 5 to 9 out of 15 golfers replied "good." 
X: Not more than 4 out of 15 golfers replied "good." 
Controllability at the Time of Approach 
It is evaluated by practically hitting the golf ball with a pitching wedge 
by 15 golfers (9 professional golfers and 6 amateur golfers). The 
evaluation criteria are as follows. 
Evaluation Criteria of Results 
O: Not less than 10 out of 15 golfers replied "good." 
.increment.: About 5 to 9 out of 15 golfers replied "good." 
X: Not more than 4 out of 15 golfers replied 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Comparative 
Example No. 
Example No. 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
______________________________________ 
Resin (A): 
Hi-milan 1605 .asterisk-pseud.1 
30 0 0 50 20 35 
Hi-milan 1706 .asterisk-pseud.2 
0 0 0 50 0 0 
Hi-milan 1707 .asterisk-pseud.3 
0 20 30 0 0 0 
Resin (B): 
Hi-milan 1557 .asterisk-pseud.4 
30 30 0 0 0 0 
Hi-milan 1652 .asterisk-pseud.5 
0 0 40 0 0 0 
Resin (C): 
Hi-milan 1855 .asterisk-pseud.6 
0 50 30 0 80 65 
Hi-milan 1856 .asterisk-pseud.7 
40 0 0 0 0 0 
Titanium dioxide 
2 2 2 2 2 2 
Shore D hardness 
64 63 62 69 58 64 
Stiffness modulus (kgf/cm.sup.2) 
2400 2280 2300 3480 1450 2100 
______________________________________ 
.asterisk-pseud.1: Himilan 1605 (trade name), ionomer resin of a copolyme 
of ethylene and methacrylic acid, obtained by neutralizing with a sodium 
ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Shore D hardness: 
67, stiffness modulus: 3800 kgf/cm.sup.2 
.asterisk-pseud.2: Himilan 1706 (trade name), ionomer resin of a copolyme 
of ethylene and methacrylic acid, obtained by neutralizing with a zinc 
ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Shore D hardness: 
66, stiffness modulus: 3400 kgf/cm.sup.2 
.asterisk-pseud.3: Himilan 1707 (trade name), ionomer resin of a copolyme 
of ethylene and methacrylic acid, obtained by neutralizing with a sodium 
ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Shore D hardness: 
68, stiffness modulus: 3900 kgf/cm.sup.2 
.asterisk-pseud.4: Himilan 1557 (trade name), ionomer resin of a copolyme 
of ethylene and methacrylic acid, obtained by neutralizing with a zinc 
ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Shore D hardness: 
63, stiffness modulus: 2600 kgf/cm.sup.2 
.asterisk-pseud.5: Himilan 1652 (trade name), ionomer resin of a copolyme 
of ethylene and methacrylic acid, obtained by neutralizing with a zinc 
ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical Co., Shore D hardness: 
57, stiffness modulus: 1600 kgf/cm.sup.2 
.asterisk-pseud.6: Himilan 1855 (trade name), ionomer resin of a 
terpolymer of ethylene, methacrylic acid and acrylate, obtained by 
neutralizing with a zinc ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont Polychemical 
Co., Shore D hardness: 56, stiffness modulus: 900 kgf/cm.sup.2 
.asterisk-pseud.7: Himilan 1856 (trade name), ionomer resin of a 
terpolymer of ethylene, methacrylic acid and acrylate, obtained by 
neutralizing with a sodium ion, manufactured by Mitsui Du Pont 
Polychemical Co., Shore D hardness: 58, stiffness modulus: 700 
kgf/cm.sup.2 
TABLE 2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Comparative 
Example No. Example No. 
1 2 3 1 2 3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Ball weight (g) 
45.4 
45.3 
45.3 
45.4 
45.4 
45.3 
Compression 95 95 94 97 90 94 
W#1 45 m/s: 
Flight distance (yard) 
229 230 228 229 224 226 
Spin amount (rpm) 
2400 
2450 
2500 
2400 
2900 
2600 
I#9 34 m/s: 7500 
7600 
7800 
7000 
8200 
7400 
Spin amount (rpm) 
Shot feel .largecircle. 
.largecircle. 
.largecircle. 
X .largecircle. 
.DELTA. 
Controllability at the time of 
.largecircle. 
.largecircle. 
.largecircle. 
X .largecircle. 
.DELTA. 
approach shot 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
As is shown in Table 2, the golf balls of Examples 1 to 3 showed good shot 
feel and controllability as well as excellent flight performance and 
attained a large flight distance. 
To the contrary, the golf ball of Comparative Example 1 attained a large 
distance but was poor in shot feel and controllability because only a 
high-rigid ionomer resin was used as the base resin for cover. 
The golf ball of Comparative Example 2 was superior in shot feel and 
controllability because of low Shore D hardness and stiffness modulus. 
However, the flight distance was small (224 yard) in comparison with the 
flight distance (228 to 230 yard) of the golf balls of Examples 1 to 3. In 
addition, the spin amount in case of hitting with a No. 1 wood club was 
large (2900 rpm) and, therefore, the movement in both directions was 
large. 
The golf ball of Comparative Example 3 was poor in flight distance, shot 
feel and controllability to the golf balls of Examples 1 to 3 because the 
resin (B) was not formulated. 
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be 
varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure 
from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as 
would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included 
within the scope of the following claims.