Process of producing a foamed plastic insulated conductor and an apparatus therefor

This invention relates to a process of producing a foamed plastic insulated conductor. This process comprises the steps of forming a foamed insulation on a conductor wire by means of a gas injecting extruder and passing said conductor wire having said foamed insulation through telescopic cooling trough means including a movable trough to be adjusted in its position relative to a head of said gas injecting extruder so as to obtain a given value of a capacitance of the foamed plastic insulated conductor in accordance with an electrical signal from a capacitance monitor to detect a value of said capacitance of the foamed plastic insulated conductor. The process of the invention is characterized by further comprising the steps of detecting the position of the movable trough adjacent to its critical or limit positions and adjusting the injection rate of the foaming gas so as to move the movable trough to the middle position of the range of movement thereof. This invention also relates to an apparatus for effecting the above-mentioned process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A foamed plastic insulated conductor such as an insulated element wire for 
a communication cable or an insulated core for a coaxial cable has been 
produced by extruding a foamed resin insulation on a conductor wire 
travelling through a crosshead of a gas injecting extruder. Of course, it 
is required that a capacitance of the foamed plastic insulated conductor 
is required to be generally uniform throughout its length. 
In order to maintain the uniform capacitance of the foamed plastic 
insulated conductor, a process has been tried in which a conductor wire 
having a foaming agent containing insulation extruded thereon through the 
crosshead of the gas injecting extruder passes through cooling trough 
means including a trough movable axially of the insulated electric 
conductor toward and away from the crosshead. A capacitance monitor is 
provided which serves to detect a value of the capacitance of the foamed 
plastic insulated conductor cooled by the cooling trough means. If there 
is a difference between a detected value and a specified or given one of 
the capacitance, the movable trough is adjusted in its position to 
eliminate the difference in the capacitance (see Japanese Patent 
Application Publication No. 11,871/1973). More particularly, the 
capacitance of the foamed plastic insulated conductor corresponds to the 
expansion rate of the insulation on the conductor wire. Thus, if the 
detected value of the capacitance of the foamed insulated conductor is 
much higher than the given one of the capacitance (or if the expansion 
rate of the foamed insulation on the conductor wire is much lower than a 
given one thereof), then the movable trough is adjusted in its position so 
as to move away from the crosshead of the extruder. Accordingly, it takes 
more time to introduce the foamed plastic insulated conductor extruded out 
of the crosshead of the extruder, into the cooling trough means, which 
causes the expansion rate of the foamed insulation on the conductor wire 
to become higher. If the detected value of the capacitance of the foamed 
plastic insulated conductor is much lower than the given one thereof (or 
if the expansion rate of the foamed insulation is much higher), then the 
movable trough is adjusted in its position in a reverse manner. 
The disadvantage of such a process is that the range of movement of the 
movable trough is limited. Thus, the capacitance of the foamed plastic 
insulated conductor cannot be controlled beyond the limited range of 
movement of the trough. In such a case, hitherto, an operator has 
controlled an extruder temperature or the rate of travelling the conductor 
wire so that the given value of the capacitance of the foamed plastic 
insulated conductor can be obtained. However, it disadvantageously 
requires a higher skill and a troublesome operation. 
Another process has been proposed which is adapted to automatically control 
an extruder temperature in accordance with the position of the movable 
trough (see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 9,837/1977). 
However, the heat capacity of the extruder is too large to quickly adjust 
the extruder temperature in accordance with the change in position of the 
movable trough. 
Lately, there are proposed processes of producing a foamed plastic 
insulated conductor by extruding a resin insulation on a conductor wire 
while a gas as a foaming agent is being injected into a molten resin in a 
gas injecting extruder (see Japanese Patent Application Laying Open 
Gazette Nos. 53,569/1976 and 60,978/1976). In these processes, there is 
employed a system for controlling a capacitance of the foamed plastic 
insulated conductor by means of a combination of a movable trough and a 
capacitance monitor which are substantially identical to those in the 
aforementioned prior arts. In this case, since it is also possible to 
control the expansion rate of the foamed insulation on the conductor wire 
by regulating the injection rate of the foaming gas at the limit positions 
of the movable trough where the capacitance of the foamed plastic 
insulated conductor can be no longer controlled, an operator must adjust 
the quantity of the foaming gas injected into the extruder. However, this 
also disadvantageously requires a high skill of adjustment of the gas 
injection and a troublesome operation. In addition thereto, the adjustment 
of gas injection after stopping of the movable trough is not preferable 
because that portion of the foamed plastic insulated conductor produced 
after the adjustment of gas injection until the molten resin containing a 
predetermined amount of gas through the adjustment of gas injection 
reaches the outlet of the crosshead, may have defective capacitance. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide a process 
of producing a foamed plastic insulated conductor which has a uniform 
capacitance corresponding to the expansion rate of the foamed insulation 
on the conductor. 
It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus for producing 
foamed plastic insulated conductor which has a uniform capacitance 
corresponding to the expansion rate of the foamed insulation on the 
conductor. 
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a process 
of producing a foamed plastic insulated conductor comprising the steps of 
injecting a foaming gas into a molten resin in an extruder; extruding an 
insulation of said molten resin on a conductor wire travelling through a 
head of said extruder, said insulation extruded out of said head being 
foamed to foam a foamed plastic insulated conductor; passing said foamed 
plastic insulated conductor through cooling trough means including a 
movable trough which is movable axially of said foamed plastic insulated 
conductor toward and away from said head of said extruder; detecting a 
value of a capacitance of said foamed plastic insulated conductor by means 
of a capacitance monitor; and when there is a difference between the 
detected value and the given one of said capacitance of said foamed 
plastic insulated conductor, adjusting the position of said movable trough 
so as to correct said detected value of said capacitance to said given one 
thereof, characterized by further comprising the steps of detecting the 
positions of said movable trough adjacent to limit positions thereof; and 
adjusting the injection rate of said foaming gas so as to return said 
movable trough to the middle portion of the range of movement thereof. 
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an 
apparatus for producing a foamed plastic insulated conductor comprising a 
gas injecting extruder to extrude a foamed resin insulation on a conductor 
wire travelling through a head thereof so as to cover said conductor wire 
with said foamed resin insulation; a gas flow rate regulator to determine 
a flow rate of a foaming gas to be injected into a molten resin in said 
gas injecting extruder; cooling trough means to cool said foamed 
insulation on said conductor wire, said cooling trough means including a 
movable trough which is movable axially of said foamed plastic insulated 
conductor toward and away from said head of said gas injecting extruder; a 
capacitance monitor to detect a value of a capacitance of said cooled and 
foamed plastic insulated conductor to be compared with a given value 
thereof; and trough position adjusting means to adjust the position of 
said movable trough so as to eliminate a difference between said detected 
value and said given one of said capacitance of said foamed plastic 
insulated conductor, characterized by further comprising trough position 
detecting means to electrically detect the positions of said movable 
trough adjacent to limit positions of movement thereof; a gas flow rate 
regulator adjusting means to adjust said flow rate of said foaming gas to 
another value in accordance with an electrical signal from said trough 
position detecting means; and timer means to stop the adjustment of said 
gas flow rate regulator for a setting time after the adjustment of said 
gas flow rate regulator is completed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of an apparatus constructed in accordance 
with the invention and adapted to effect a process of the invention. 
A conductor wire 10 travels through a gas injecting extruder 12 so that 
resin insulation is extruded thereon and foamed when led out of the 
extruder, and then passes through cooling trough means 16 of telescopic 
type to produce a foamed plastic insulated conductor 14. 
The extruder 12 comprises a hopper 20 to contain thermoplastic resin 
material in the form of pellet or powder therein, a barrel 22 including a 
not shown screw to feed thermoplastic resin material while heating it to 
be melted, and a crosshead 24 through which the conductor wire 10 travels 
so as to extrude a resin insulation thereon. 
A gas injection port 26 is provided in a middle portion of the barrel 22. A 
gas as a foaming agent is injected into the molten resin fed through the 
barrel 22. The gas may be fed from a high pressure gas source such as a 
gas cylinder or a gas compressor 28 through a secondary pressure 
regulating valve 30 and then through a gas flow rate regulator 32. 
In order to maintain a uniform capacitance of the foamed plastic insulated 
conductor, it is required to stabilize the expansion rate of the foamed 
insulation on the conductor wire 10. To this end, the constant gas 
injection rate should be maintained in spite of variation in the pressure 
of the molten resin in the barrel 22. This is effectively accomplished by 
maintaining a sonic or generally sonic velocity of the foaming gas passing 
through the gas flow rate regulator 32. This is because a pressure 
upstream of the gas flow rate regulator 32 which is sufficiently higher 
than the pressure of the molten resin in the barrel 22 of the extruder 12 
causes the sonic velocity of the foaming gas through the gas flow rate 
regulator 32, and no higher velocity of the foaming gas is caused thereby. 
In such condition, the flow rate of the gas through the gas flow rate 
regulator 32 is determined only by the degree of opening of the gas flow 
rate regulator 32 and the upstream pressure thereof in spite of variation 
in the pressure of the molten resin in the barrel 22. In the illustrated 
embodiment, the flow rate of the foaming gas through the gas flow rate 
regulator 32 is regulated by adjusting the degree of opening of the gas 
flow rate regulator 32 by means of a pulse motor 34 while the pressure 
upstream of the gas flow rate regulator 32 is maintained at a sufficiently 
high value of a predetermined degree. A control of the degree of opening 
of the gas flow rate regulator 32 by means of the pulse motor 34 will be 
described later in detail. 
Thermoplastic resin material from the hopper 20 of the extruder 12 is 
melted and fully mixed with the gas fed through the gas injection port 26, 
while being fed by the screw in the barrel. Thereafter, the gas containing 
molten resin reaches the crosshead 24 of the extruder 12, is extruded on 
the conductor wire 10 travelling through the crosshead 24 of the extruder 
12 at a constant rate, and expanded when it is led out of a die of the 
crosshead 24. 
The expanded or foamed insulation together with the conductor wire 10 then 
passes through the telescopic cooling trough means 16 and thereafter is 
wound by a not shown take up apparatus. 
The telescopic cooling trough means 16 comprises a stationary trough 16A 
supported on a floor by legs 36, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1 and 
a movable trough 16B securely mounted on the stationary trough 16A so as 
to be movable axially of the foamed plastic insulated conductor 14 toward 
and away from the crosshead 24 of the extruder 12. The movable trough 16B 
is provided on its both sides with wheels 38 which engage a cooling water 
receiver 40 at its edges so as to move the movable trough 16B. 
This movable trough 16B serves to control the capacitance of the foamed 
plastic insulated conductor 14 so as to become uniform. More particularly, 
if the movable trough 16B moves toward the crosshead 24 of the extruder 
12, then the period during which the foamed plastic insulated conductor 14 
extruded from the crosshead 24 reaches an inlet of the movable trough 16B 
(during which the expansion of the insulation on the conductor wire 10 
proceeds), becomes shorter, which causes the expansion rate of the 
insulation to be lower. Reversely, if the movable trough 16B moves away 
from the crosshead 24 of the extruder 12, then the above period becomes 
longer, which causes the expansion rate of the insulation to be higher. 
Thus, the movable trough 16B can be adjusted in its position in accordance 
with the degree of expansion of the insulation on the conductor wire 10, 
so as to maintain the given value of the expansion rate or capacitance of 
the foamed plastic insulated conductor 14. 
Trough position adjusting means comprises a capacitance monitor 42, a servo 
motor 46 and a servo motor control 44 as known in the prior art. As shown 
in FIG. 3, the capacitance monitor 42 includes a detecting electrode 42a 
disposed within the stationary trough 16A so that the foamed plastic 
insulated electric conductor 14 can pass through the electrode 42a. This 
monitor 42 serves to electrically detect the capacitance of the cooled and 
foamed plastic insulated conductor 14 and to output an electrical signal 
which corresponds to the difference between the detected and given values 
of the capacitance, if any. 
The servo motor control 44 serves to output a motor driving signal in 
accordance with the input signal from the capacitance monitor 42 so as to 
control the rotating direction and the rotary angle of the servo motor 46. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the rotation of the servo motor 46 is transmitted 
through a reduction gear 48, a sprocket 50 connected to the reduction gear 
48, a chain 52, a sprocket 54 and a pinion 56 connected to the sprocket 
54, the chain 52 being engaged between and with the sprockets 50 and 54, 
to a rack 58 securely mounted on one of the side walls of the movable 
trough 16B whereby it can move axially of the foamed plastic insulated 
conductor 14. 
In order to stop the movement of the movable trough 16B at the critical or 
limit positions of its range of movement, first trough position detectors 
such as limit switches 60A and 60B are provided on one of the side walls 
of the cooling water receiver 40 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and an 
operating member 62 is mounted on the movable trough 16B for operating the 
limit switches 60A and 60B as shown in FIG. 2. At either of the limit 
positions of the movable trough 16B, the operating member 62 operates the 
corresponding limit switch 60A or 60B which permits an electrical signal 
to be input to the servo motor control 44 whereby the servo motor 46 stops 
rotating. 
In order to further control the capacitance of the foamed plastic insulated 
conductor 14 at the limit positions of the movable trough 16B, there are 
provided second trough position detectors such as limit switches 64A and 
64B which are disposed inside of and spaced adjacent to the limit switches 
60A and 60B to detect the positions near the limit positions of the 
movable trough 16B. The operating member 62 operates either of the limit 
switches 64A and 64B, which permits an electrical signal to be an input to 
a pulse motor control 66 whereby a pulse motor 34 is rotated so as to 
adjust a flow rate of the foaming gas through the gas flow rate regulator 
32. 
FIG. 4 shows the pulse motor control 66 in detail. The control 66 may 
comprise a pulse generator PG, a preset pulse counter PC and a timer T. A 
relay coil A, pulse motor controlling relay coils O and C are also 
provided in the control 66. The pulse motor 34 is driven by an electric 
power source S through a driving unit U. In FIG. 4, numerals 64a.sub.1, 
64a.sub.2, 64b.sub.1 and 64b.sub.2 designate normally open contacts of the 
respective limit switches 64A and 64B, numeral a.sub.1 a normally open 
contact of the relay coil A, numeral a.sub.2 a normally closed contact of 
the relay coil A, numerals o and c normally open contacts of the 
respective relay coils O and C, and numeral t a normally closed contact of 
the timer T. The contacts o and c are disposed between the electric power 
source S and the driving unit U as shown in FIG. 4. 
In operation, when the operating member 62 on the movable trough 16B which 
moves toward the crosshead 24 of the extruder 12 operates the limit switch 
64A as the second trough position detector, the contacts 64a.sub.1 and 
64a.sub.2 are closed so that the pulse generator PG is operated to output 
pulse signals having a predetermined period. These pulse signals energize 
the relay coil C to intermittently close its contact c. Accordingly, the 
pulse motor 34 is driven at the angle corresponding to the number of the 
pulses in the direction in which the gas flow rate regulator 32 is closed. 
The rotary angle of the pulse motor 34 is determined by the preset pulse 
counter PC. For example, if the pulse motor 34 is intended to be rotated 
at the given angle corresponding to three pulses for every adjustment 
thereof, the pulse counter PC is set so as to output a stopping signal 
when it counts three pulses. The stopping signal energizes the relay coil 
A to open its contact a.sub.2, which causes the relay coil C to be 
deenergized so as to stop rotation of the pulse motor 34. The normally 
open contact a.sub.1 of the relay coil A is closed by the energization of 
the relay coil A so as to initiate the operation of the timer T. When a 
setting time of the timer T elapses, its normally open contact t is 
momentarily closed so as to reset the preset pulse counter PC to the 
original position "O". Thereby, the relay coil A is deenergized to return 
the contacts a.sub.1 and a.sub.2 to their original positions. 
At that time, if the contacts 64a.sub.1 and 64a.sub.2 of the limit switch 
64A are open, the pulse generator PG remains stopped so as to no longer 
rotate the pulse motor 34. If the contacts 64a.sub.1 and 64a.sub.2 of the 
limit switch 64A remain closed, the aforementioned operation is repeated 
so as to rotate the pulse motor 34 in the direction in which the gas flow 
rate regulator 32 is moved a further given angle toward closed. 
When the operating member 62 on the movable trough 16B which moves away 
from the crosshead 24 of the extruder 12 operates the limit switch 64B as 
the second position detector, the contacts 64b.sub.1 and 64b.sub.2 are 
closed. Thus, in the manner substantially identical to that of the above 
case, the relay coil O is energized to intermittently close its contact o. 
Accordingly, the pulse motor 34 is driven at the angle corresponding to 
the number of the pulses in the direction in which the gas flow rate 
regulator 32 is opened. The operations of the preset pulse counter PC and 
the timer T are substantially identical to those in the above case. 
The setting time of the timer T is based on the period from the time when 
the gas flow rate of the gas flow rate regulator 32 is adjusted by the 
operation of the limit switch 64A or 64B, to the time when the adjustment 
of the expansion rate of the insulation on the conductor wire 10 appears. 
More particularly, as soon as the gas flow rate of the regulator 32 is 
adjusted to a new selected value, the expansion rate of the insulation on 
the conductor wire 10 cannot vary immediately, but it can vary only after 
much time. This period corresponds to the period during which the molten 
resin located adjacent to the gas injection port 26 when the gas flow rate 
is adjusted reaches the position at which the electrode 42a of the 
capacitance monitor 42 is located. The period P may be expressed by; 
##EQU1## 
wherein the resin extruding quantity from the outlet of the crosshead of 
the extruder to the position at which the electrode of the capacitance 
monitor is located is negligible relative to the quantity inside the 
extruder. 
Whether the adjustment of the gas flow rate is correct can be appreciated 
only after the period P lapses. Thus, the setting time is determined so as 
to be somewhat longer than the period P. Supposing the inner diameter of 
the barrel is 65 mm and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the 
barrel is 30, for example, the setting time is about 7 minutes when the 
screw in the barrel 22 rotates at a revolution of 20 to 30 per minute and 
about 5 minutes when it rotates at a revolution of 30 to 40 per minute. 
If one adjustment of the gas flow rate is sufficient to obtain the given 
value of the capacitance after the setting time of the timer T lapses, the 
movable trough 16B moves toward the middle position of movement thereof. 
Thus, the limit switch 64A or 64B is released from the operating member 62 
on the movable trough 16B while the adjusted gas flow rate is maintained. 
If one adjustment of the gas flow rate is insufficient to obtain the given 
value of the capacitance even after the setting time of the timer T 
elapses, the movable trough 16B does not move toward the middle position 
movement thereof and the limit switch 64A or 64B remains operated by the 
operating member 62 on the movable trough 16B. Thus, the rotating angle of 
the pulse motor 34 and as a result, the gas injection or flow rate is 
adjusted in the manner as aforementioned. 
In this case, during the setting time of the timer T, the movable trough 
16B continues to move. Therefore, the movable trough 16B should be 
prevented from reaching such limit positions. It will be noted that the 
positions of the limit switches 64A and 64B should be determined so as to 
avoid this. More particularly, the distances between the limit switches 
60A and 64A and between the limit switches 60B and 64B are required to be 
much larger than the distance at which the movable trough 16B moves during 
the setting time of the timer T at a normal velocity of the movable trough 
16B. The normal velocity does not mean a velocity at which the movable 
trough 16B moves reciprocatively for a shorter time, but it means an 
average velocity at which it gradually approaches the limit positions 
while its reciprocative movement is repeated. Such a normal velocity may 
be of the order of a few centimeters per hour. 
In this manner, supposing the setting time of the timer T is a few minutes 
as aforementioned, the distance through which the movable trough 16B moves 
during the setting time is a few milimeters per minute, and therefore, the 
distances between the limit switches 60A and 64A and between the limit 
switches 60B and 64B may range from a few to ten and a few centimeters. 
Such gradual movement of the movable trough 16B at the average velocity 
toward the limit positions is considered to be caused by variation in 
atmospheric temperature or unevenness in distribution of materials and so 
on. For example, as atmospheric temperature varies, the temperature of the 
extruder may slowly vary because it has a large heat capacity even though 
its heat may be controlled. Therefore, the molten resin in the extruder 
varies in its temperature so as to change the expansion rate of the foamed 
insulation on the conductor wire, which causes the movable trough 16B to 
be moved. In case of replacement of material's color or by error in 
material's distribution, the velocity at which the movable trough 16B 
moves becomes higher. Thus, the distances between the limit switches are 
preferably much larger in order to prepare for such causes. 
Although, in the illustrated embodiment, the gas flow rate is set by the 
combination of the gas flow rate regulator 32 which regulates the gas flow 
rate by adjusting the degree of opening thereof and the secondary pressure 
self-regulating valve 30 which serves to maintain a constant upstream 
pressure, the adjustment of the gas flow or injection rate can be effected 
by gas flow rate regulators of other type. 
FIG. 5 shows one of such gas flow rate regulators. This gas flow rate 
regulator 33 comprises an orifice having a constant degree of opening 
thereof. A secondary pressure regulating valve 31 serves to maintain a 
variable pressure upstream of the gas flow rate regulator 33. A high 
pressure gas of sonic or generally sonic velocity is supplied through the 
secondary pressure regulating valve 31 to the gas flow rate regulator 33. 
A pulse motor 35 serves to operate the secondary pressure regulating valve 
so as to adjust the secondary pressure thereof. The system as shown in 
FIG. 4 may be used for controlling the pulse motor 35. In this embodiment, 
the gas flow rate can be regulated by adjusting the upstream pressure of 
the gas flow rate regulator 33 by means of the secondary pressure 
regulating valve 31 while the constant degree of opening of the orifice is 
maintained. 
It will be noted that the limit switches 60A, 60B, 64A and 64B may be 
replaced by other trough position detectors such as proximity switches. 
Although some embodiments of the invention have been described and 
illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be 
understood by those skilled in the art that they are by way of example, 
and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing 
the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be defined 
only to the appended claims.