POWER GENERATING WINDBAGS AND WATERBAGS

Self-enabled means of sustainable energies generation and storage. Self-sufficiency in conversion of propulsion energies. Decarbonization of the global shipping industry. Empowering the blue ocean fleet of merchant liners with self-created propulsion power. Backed up by grid energy storage systems; and low carbon bunkers. To break free from the shackles of dirty energies; from being slaves of energy poverty. To achieve energy independence! Including: sustainable energies generation systems using wind-sails; pontoons; pliable; flexible semi-solid shrouds; made of plastics; polymers; etc. to capture fluids; channelling it through constricted tunnels to drive wind turbines; tidal turbines; etc. integrated with drones; robotic technologies for conversion into renewable electricity. An extremely scalable system, apparatus, equipment, techniques and ecosystem configured to produce renewable green energy with high productivity and efficiency.

FIELD OF THE INVENTIONS

Present invention provides some means in humanity's battles; war; our campaign for survival against Global Climate Change; Global Climate Collapse (GCC). Inventors may provide humanity with mitigating solutions such as: new tools; better equipment and systems. Enabling a transformation of our energy systems. From our present dirty fossil fuels based systems to non-polluting clean technologies. Mankind had8years to avoid the catastrophic effects of GCC. However, whether we can overcome this “greatest challenge facing humanity.” Whether our civilization can collectively survive beyond this critical test/or become extinct, too, maybe much more subjective. Much more dependent upon factors such as: political will-power; speed of deploying mitigating solutions; people's attitudes; conscious personal choices, decisions; climate leader-ship; climate activism, climate denialism; climate “murders”, climate justice; etc. than mere physical devices. Dependent upon what the Earth's topmost, its cleverest and most intelligent inhabitant1—humanity—does! We humans, are the cause of this PROBLEM. We are also the SOLUTION! To Quote: “What happens next, is up to every one of us”, says Sir David Attenborough in “Extinction: The Facts.” On BBC One, UK; 13 Sep. 2020. “It shows,” says Sir David, “what we can achieve when we put our minds to it. I may not be here to see it,” he concludes, “but if we make the right decisions at this critical moment, we can safeguard our planet's ecosystems, its extraordinary biodiversity and all its inhabitants.” To Quote: “The world is waking up and change is coming whether you like it or not.”—Greta Thunberg.

Present invention discloses the utility purpose of deploying drones and adapting drone and robotic technologies for harnessing high altitude wind energy and deep sea ocean energy to generate renewable energy; displacing use of fossil fuels; mitigating the deadly effects of catastrophic global climate change. Ultimate Goal: safeguard and preserve our one and only life-support-system—Earth's Biosphere; in a habitable condition for all humans, animal and plant species to continue living! That the air we breathe, the water we drink remains clean and healthy; not poisoned by the toxic wastes we generate. Deploying robotic-drones to serve humanity. To generate clean energy; to preserve clean air and water; and a healthy planet Earth for future generations! That humans doesn't follow the dinosaurs—into extinction! Yeah, drones and robots! Drone-bots to the rescue of humanity! Drone-bots, new innovations, materials, systems and enabling means of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR); controlled by means of computerized artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning may be used to save mankind from this self-inflicted ecological suicide! And in return generation of Ocean Renewable Energies to power the 4IR. Keeping Mother Earth live-able had a direct personal impact on ourselves, our families and unborn babies.

Decarbonization of the global commercial shipping had always been one of the most intractable issues. Since the 1960s; the IMO had initiated for environmental protection from the harmful effects of fuel emissions from shipping traffic. In particular, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, etc. Reprocessing of used cooking oil, fat and grease for use as bunker fuel; sustainable aviation fuel may help in controlling toxic emission. Sustainable self-generated renewable energies on board commercial shipping; ocean liners; coastal vessels for direct use in propulsion may enable the shipping industry to accelerate decarbonization. Panel920mounted with multiple wind or tidal-turbine-generators921may be used on board for conversion of renewable energies. Renewable electricity generated onboard is directly routed and used for driving the electric engine; propeller for propulsion of vessel901. Grid energy storage systems comprising: batteries and hydrogen storage sub-systems may be installed for use. When the sun is not shining; the wind is not blowing; or the tide is deficient. This stored reserve of energies may be reconverted back; and used for propelling the vessel. Other energy extraction systems of present invention may comprise: variant specialty tidal drone apparatus840d;840e;850; for the extraction and conversion of tidal energies: partially-afloat-partially submerged; totally submerged underwater; or located at the sea-bed. Wind energy extraction systems may comprise: wind-sail-turbine-generators880.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS

To Quote, Reuters: “About 90% of world trade is transported by sea. Shipping's share of the global CO2 emission amounts to 1056 million tonnes (2.89%) in 2018. The IMO aims to reduce the industry's overall GHG emission by 50% from 2008 levels by 2050.”—Reuters. Dated: 5 Aug. 2020. Decarbonizing the global shipping industry; and the aviation industry had always been the most difficult. A possible solution lies in the conversion of ships; and airplanes to use green hydrogen for propulsion. Historically, wind energies powered sails had been an important means of propulsion for sea-faring vessels. Wind assisted solution—sails; reduces a vessel's dependence on fossil fuels. Where these vessels plies; wind and tidal energies are in plentiful and constant supply. If conversion devices and apparatus are installed; used on board these ocean going vessels for direct generation of renewable energies; this self-created energy may directly be used to drive; to power; to propel the vessels. Any excess energy produced may be stored in grid storage systems for later use. Such that even when the ships may be at berth; during port calls. That is—stationary; not moving. The solar, wind and tidal energies conversion devices; apparatus it carries on board continues working. Generating sustainable, renewable energies for utilities; and for storage. For use when the vessels are sailing. Heading toward the next port.

SUMMARY

Present invention discloses systems, methods and techniques of adapting and transforming wind and tidal energies into renewable energies. The wind-sails877enables engagement and enhances conversion of wind and tidal energies into useful electrical energy. The use of like: semi-solid; or solid state shrouds, hoods, ducts; casings affixed externally to the turbine-generation units improves conversion efficiency by directing and channelling a stream of high velocity fluid flow into the turbine generators500vz;500az;921. Besides the use of specialty panels920embedded with a multitude of turbine-generators921onboard vessel901. Other apparatus and devices may be used for engaging, extracting and converting wind, tidal; wave energies. Including components and apparatus disclosed in the parent patents, such as:471z;477z;100z;40z;200z;222z;400z;500az;500vz;800az;800bz;800cz;800dz;800ez;800fz;800gz;800iz;800jz. Airborne high altitude wind energy generators100z;400;800z. And deep sea diving tidal energy generators200z;222z. Optionally, apparatus100z;200z;222z;800izmay be used for providing traction propulsion for the vessels. Solar energy may also be extracted by means of solar tiles895; solar paint875; etc. The Circular Energy Conversion Pathway may be outlined as such: Kinetic energy (wind; tidal)→mechanical energy (turbines; bags)→electrical energy (generator)→mechanical energy (ship's electric motor; propeller)→kinetic energy (vessel's mobility).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONS

The structural configuration, concept, method and system of providing drone bodies integrated with turbines for harnessing and extracting the energies contained in a moving air (wind) and water current for the generation of electricity; is herein disclosed. Transforming its kinetic energy into mechanical and then electrical energy by means of a turbine. In this specification: all reference made to previously used identifying numbers in parent patents shall be denoted by the prefix: “z”.

FIG. 1AandFIG. 1Billustrates a variant sub-system580zof system580uax;580vax(FIG. 10H);580wax(FIG. 10G) of parent U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/544,831; for deploying a multitude of submersible pontoons840d;840e; and/or underwater turbine-generators870;768z;471z;617z; etc. in an oceanic environment for extraction of tidal energies.FIG. 1Aillustrates a plurality of apparatus840dsecured by means of two lines located fore; and two lines located aft. Apparatus840dmay be configured for self-regulated buoyancy: ballast tanks855; fore and aft trim tanks854′;854″. And for proper functioning of the entire apparatus840d.Including control of body position by means of in-built systems686z;control surfaces856; and means of propulsion857. The bottom end of the interlinked lines846′;846″ (fore); and847′;847″ (aft); may be securely anchored by means of pulley apparatus629zand/or line spools cum winches853; marked R1(fore); R3(aft); mounted on a reinforced concrete pad653zsecured to the seabed537zby means of piles562z; drill-strings651z; and other components comprising sub-system660z. The top ends of interlinked lines846′;846″ (fore); and847′;847″ (aft); may be held by two sets of pulley apparatus629zand/or line spools cum winches853marked R2(fore); R4(aft); mounted in the belly of submersible buoy845.

Thus interlinked lines846′;846″; (fore) forms a closed loop with the top end (surface) held by pulley apparatus629zand/or spool cum winch853(R2); in the fore-belly of submersible buoy845. And the bottom end (anchored to the seabed) held by pulley apparatus629z; and/or line spool cum winch853(R1). Similarly interlinked lines847′;847″ (aft); forms a closed loop with the top end (surface) held by pulley apparatus629zand/or spool cum winch853(R4) in the aft-belly of submersible buoy845; and the bottom end (anchored to the seabed) held by pulley apparatus629zand/or line spool cum winch853(R3). Such a double, closed loop configuration is superior to a single line configuration. As it enables ease of retrieval of components870;840dof the submerged tidal-turbine-generator system580zby the mother ship741zto the surface621zof the sea or ocean for periodic maintenance checks, servicing and repair. Thereafter reinstating them back to their previous positions. During such time the entire line580zcomprising multiple units of interconnected apparatus840d′;840d″; maybe depowered; demobilized; shut down. This maybe done by closing the inlet ports860and outlet ports614z;by means of4hydraulic arms:619z; mounted port and starboard; fore and aft. Collapsing and thus bringing into close proximity; the bodies of the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; with turbine-generators500az;500vz;471z; split-unit turbines472z; sandwiched in between said pontoons; as shown inFIG. 1H. Upon reinstatement of system580z; apparatus840d′;840d″; etc. may then be re-commissioned back; mobilized and powered up unit by unit. Top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; maybe pushed apart by means of a plurality of4hydraulic arms619z; located port and starboard; fore and aft; opening up the inlet ports860and outlet ports614z.Turbine-generators500az;500vz;471z; mounted in between the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; maybe configured to slide between the horizontal and vertical positions. Refer to:FIG. 1H;FIG. 1I;FIG. 1J. Also refer FIG. 11E; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/544,831.

Individual submarine tidal-turbine-generator apparatus840d′;840d″; suspended in the midst of the water column852may be securely attached to the fore line846″; by means of fixed joints848. And attached to the aft line847″ by means of sliding joints849. Such that the aft movable joints849may move flexibly in between twin stoppers851′;851″. Allowing for the body of apparatus840d′;840d″; to be shifted horizontally in response to adjustments made by hydro-planes856(control-surfaces); propulsion system857; relative to tidal variance; and the variable inclination of anchoring lines846′;846″;847′;847″.

Drone-submarine-buoy845is the master controller of the entire submerged array580z. It controls the working of the whole underwater system580z. Dependent on the location of system580z; submarine buoy845maybe flexibly configured: to remain on the surface of the sea621zin non-shipping zones. Or, in case of proximity to shipping lanes, submarine buoy845maybe configured to dive and to remain submerged in the water column852for most of the time. Only surfacing during maintenance checks. This avoids interference with surface vessels. Underwater drone vehicle845self-regulates its buoyancy by means of main ballast-tanks855; forward trim tanks854′; aft trim tanks854″; to maintain a set depth (for example: 50 m; 100 m) below the water surface621zof the ocean (water column)852during normal operation. Control surfaces comprising diving planes856; engine driven propellers857; enables independent control and autonomous navigation. Enabling tidal submerged array580zto adjust to variable tidal conditions. An attached marker-buoy508zmay be used for signaling; data transmission purposes; providing a visual cue to mother ship741z(maintenance). Upon receipt of command, submersible buoy drone845may surface. Power generated by apparatus840dmay be transmitted by means of cables integrated into lines846;847. And routed to main submarine transmission cables457zlaid in trenches789z.A plurality of systems580zmaybe connected to cable457zfor transmission of generated power to substations622zand associated transmission systems on the surface; shore; and land based utility systems.

FIG. 1Billustrates details of the seabed537zbottoms based portion ofFIG. 1A; including a variant tidal turbine472zfor powering: pulley apparatus629zand/or line spool cum winch853located fore (R1); and aft (R3). R1and R3may be configured to be powered by means of torque derived from a tidal driven turbine472z. Said tidal turbine472zmaybe mounted and securely anchored to the foundation pile562z; drill-string651z; concrete base653z; and dedicated structure in proximity.

Flexibly configured to self-orientate by means of pillar469zand control surfaces comprising: fins856. Torque from tidal turbine472zmaybe routed by means of transmission system comprising: gearbox583z; shaft581z; gearbox583z′; extended shaft692z; gearbox583z″;583z′″; to power line spool cum winch853fore (R1) and853aft (R3). Operating the line spools whenever required. Such command signals may be transmitted by means of: hard wire-lines; sonar signals; water-penetrating-radar signals; etc. to sea-bed based signal-reception units858; which activates engagement of clutch587z; gearbox583z′; shaft692z; gearbox587z″;583z″′; enabling transmission of torque generated by tidal turbine472zto drive line spools R1and R3. The turning blades of turbine472zmaybe protected by an external mesh859to prevent entanglement with lines846;847. The seabed, bottoms based equipment may configurably be mounted on system660zcomprising of: a reinforced concrete pad653zanchored into the seabed537zby means of a multitude of piles562z; and/or; a multitude of drill strings651z.Said foundations653zhaving been drilled, cemented with reinforced concrete slabs embedded into (with) piles562zand drill pipes651z; embedded deep into the bed-rocks of the seabed537z; for example: 100 meters; 200 meters; 1,000 meters; etc. The strength and robustness being dependent upon the design configuration of the scale; the capacities of apparatus580z; number of individual apparatus840d′;840d″; etc. System660zmust be constructed to withstand the enormous loads; tensional forces; stress and strain; corrosive nature of the ocean environment; etc. that would be imposed on these foundation structures by the various systems employed in the extraction of ocean energies—tidal; wave; wind and solar energies. They must be rock-solid to withstand such oceanic forces.

FIG. 1CandFIG. 1Dillustrates an unmanned underwater vehicle UUV-840d.A variant submersible apparatus of840a;840b;840c;(refer to parent U.S. patent application 16/544,831).FIG. 1Cillustrates the side view.FIG. 1Dillustrates the frontal view. Wherein, the entire apparatus maybe suspended inside the sea or ocean; submerged in the middle of the water column852; beneath the water surface621z.Multiple units of apparatus840dmay be configured and used in a tidal turbine generation array compatible withFIG. 1AandFIG. 1B. Optionally, apparatus840dmay be configured in singular units with amplified proportions and dimensions (size) as shown inFIG. 1C. For example: size of the inlet port860may measure 100 m×100 m=10,000 m2; etc. The ballast trim tanks854′;854″; main ballast tanks855(similar to system686z); located fore and aft; on the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; maybe suitably configured and operably attuned for undertaking such diving and surfacing maneuvers. Apparatus840dmaybe configured with a plurality of hydro turbine-generator units500az;500vz;471z; split unit turbine472z; generator473;777z;777vz; etc. mounted in between the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz.Tidal flow maybe channeled from the rectangular shaped inlet port860into the rear located turbine generators500vz;500az(round shape) by means of an internally configured shroud861; or tunnel861made of materials comprising of: composites, polymers, advanced plastics such as: Dyneema; Teflon; Kevlar; etc. A flexible-pliable and bendable duct861; yet configured with a certain degree of desired rigidity. Forming a tapered (larger inlet port versus smaller outlet port) internal shroud861for amplification of fluid velocity. Tidal flow entering the fore inlet port860; moves towards the turbine-generators500vz;500az; located mid-to-aft. Increasing its velocity as it is squeezed and constricted into an increasingly narrower; smaller sized shroud861as it moves from fore to aft; before passing through the turbine-generators500vz;500az.Bringing enhanced high velocity fluid into the turbines500vz;500az.Shroud861may also be substituted by a system of folding, inter-connected semi-rigid leaves872reinforced by lines873(FIG. 1P). Top and bottom fore hydraulic arms641z;642z; hinged joint643z; powered by a plurality of hydraulic or pneumatic jacks619z; located port and starboard sides connected the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; and operably controls the size or opening of the inlet port860. A similar configuration comprising a plurality of top and bottom hydraulic arms641z;642z; hinged joint643z; powered by hydraulic or pneumatic jacks619zmaybe located aft; port and starboard sides. Connecting the stern portion of top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; together. The size of the outlet port614zbeing operably controlled by aft hydraulic arms641z;642z; joints643z; and hydraulic jacks619z.The internal cavity of said pontoons840tz;840bz; maybe segmented into ballast compartments; filled with water681zand air683z.Enhanced with external main ballast tanks855; a plurality of trim tanks854′;854″; located fore and aft; port and starboard sides. All internal and external ballast tanks maybe controllably varied to maintain buoyancy of apparatus840d.Such that due to the dynamic conditions of the seas and oceans; the ballast tanks of said submersible pontoons840tz;840bz; winches853; dive control surfaces856; propulsion system857; maybe variably adjusted to control buoyancy of the entire apparatus. And in maintaining an optimized position relative to the tidal flow; maximizing productivity and efficiency. Autonomous operability of apparatus840dmaybe enhanced with computerized software and Artificial Intelligence; in tandem with advanced electronic systems for submersible vehicles. For example: with system686z.Apparatus840dmaybe securely connected by means of lines846′;846″;847′;847″; to anchoring apparatus853; mounted on system660zcomprising: reinforced concrete slab653zsecured to the seabed537zby means of piles562zand drill strings651z.Adjustment of lines846;847; by means of reels cum winches853; maybe used to alter the position and inclination of apparatus840d.Apparatus840dmay also be configured such that the fore portion may be opened up more than the aft portion; with a larger inlet port860than the outlet port614z(smaller). Thus the fore tidal turbine500vzmay be configured larger than aft tidal turbine500az.As this configuration had a higher productivity and efficiency than the linear flow created by the uniform, parallel position of the top and bottom pontoons840azt;840azb;as shown inFIG. 1J. Any other turbine-generators maybe used such as: split unit turbine472zand generator473z;617z;777z;777vz; cum gearbox583z; universal couplings666z;shaft595z;692z; gearbox583z.Enabling flexible torque transmission from turbine to generator. If apparatus840dmade a landing on the seabed537zbottoms based propulsion units857may be protected from damage by means of structural collars857′.

FIG. 1Eillustrates a variant surface based apparatus840eof submerged apparatus840dofFIG. 1CandFIG. 1Dabove. Configured with full-fledged UUV capabilities apparatus840emaybe operated in submerged mode like840d.However, when it is located outside of shipping lanes apparatus840emaybe operated as a surface based tidal energies conversion plant. With the top pontoon840tzfloating on the sea surface621z.And the bottom pontoon840bzwholly submerged inside the water column852; inclined at an angle as shown. Apparatus840emaybe manned during commissioning; then operated remotely; autonomously as a sea-drone. With periodic monitoring by aerial drones. Wave energy converters874maybe flexibly affixed to the sides to harness wave energies. Solar tiles895; solar fabrics875′; solar paint875″; may be integrated onto any exposed surfaces on deck736zto harness solar energy. Apparatus840dmay also be configured to carry other energy conversion apparatus inside its cavity. Configured with split-unit conversion system, torque generated by turbine472zmaybe transmitted by means of: gearbox583z; universal couplings666z;shaft595z;692z; universal couplings666z;gearbox583z; to generators473z;777z;777vz; etc. located on the top deck736z;protected by a water-tight cover682z. Optionally, integrated units comprising: turbine-generator471z(turbine472z; generator473z); and turbine-generator617z; may be used. Internally the sides of apparatus840emaybe configured enclosed by means of a semi-rigid; pliable shroud861; or duct861. Tidal flow maybe directed from the inlet port860via duct861to hydro turbine472z′;472z″. The inlet port860size may be adjusted to be larger than the outlet port614z.Enabling higher tidal flow velocities and thus higher productivity; in line with the shrouded concept of wind and tidal energies extraction. Constricted tidal flow from the larger inlet port860is channeled through tidal turbines472z′;472z″; mounted in between the dual pontoon bodies840tz;840bz.Turbines472z′;472z″; (configured without generators473z; or nacelles611z) maybe flexibly configured to slide; and change its body position from horizontal to vertical position by means of hydraulic arm807z;808z.Torque generated by turbines472zmay be transmitted by means of: gearboxes583z; universal couplings666z;shafts595z;692z; universal couplings666z′; gearboxes583z′; to generator modules473z;777z;777vz; mounted on the top deck736zof floating pontoon849tzprotected by heavy duty plastic shield682zconfigured for shallow water diving. Apparatus840emaybe securely moored to the seabed537zby means of cable lines846;847; line reel cum winches853.

FIG. 1Fillustrates the plan view of apparatus840d;840eofFIG. 1CtoFIG. 1Eabove; showing the top pontoon840tzwith dive control surfaces comprising hydro-planes856; turbine propulsion systems857; top cover682z; and optional side-mounted fluid capture chutes862. Deploying such external chutes862; or hoods862enables capturing and channeling of additional tidal current862′ into the main cavity861; and extraction of its energies by means of tidal turbines472z;500az;500vz.Shrouds862may be configured to collapse (fold); and extend (open); relative to the position of top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz.As illustrated inFIG. 1Gwhich shows a triangular shaped opening of shroud862; with fluid channel862′ when viewed from the front side of the apparatus. Hydro-planes856; propulsion857; maybe configured to be extendable and retractable; to change angle and inclination.

FIG. 1Hillustrates the side view ofFIG. 1F, showing a collapsed, demobilized and folded-up body of apparatus840d;840e.Top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; in close proximity with twin sliding; or, folding tidal turbines472z;500az; or500vz; sandwiched in between the twin pontoons840tz;840bz.Such a deactivated apparatus840d;840e; in a demobilized mode is desirable during: (1) The deployment phase of apparatus840d;840e.In particular, during active diving and submergence of the apparatus840d;840e.(2) The retraction; surfacing phase for maintenance and repair works to be carried out. Such feathering capabilities minimizes drag; and load on the anchoring systems. At its designated location in the water column852z,apparatus840d;840e; may then be deployed in phases by remote control. ReferFIG. 1I;FIG. 1J.

FIG. 1Iillustrates the opening-up phase of the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz.The aft portion of the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; may be opened up first; followed by the fore portion. A low tidal flow maybe established first before the fore portion opens up further providing a uniform gap between the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz.This is illustrated inFIG. 1Jshowing both the fore and aft portions open in equal proportions. With top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; parallel to each other. Further opening of the fore portion of the pontoons849tz;840bz; would resemble apparatus840d;840eas illustrated inFIG. 1CandFIG. 1E. With a larger inlet port860than the smaller outlet port614z.Apparatus840d;840e; may purposely be configured and practically be operated as such. Because such a structural configuration act as a velocity multiplier ensuring a higher productivity and system efficiency (Cp) than the parallel configuration ofFIG. 1J.

In an optional configuration the twin pontoons840tz;840bz; as illustrated inFIG. 1HtoFIG. 1Jmay also be connected to each other by means of a plurality of swinging swivel arms808zand hydraulic jacks619z.Such that when the apparatus is closed or demobilized; the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; overlaps with each other in an asymmetrically aligned manner. One pontoon in a slightly forward position; the other in a lightly aft position. The bodies may not be directly matching with each other (misaligned); as shown inFIG. 1HtoFIG. 1J. But instead slightly overlapping with each other; with the sliding, flexibly attached turbine-generators500vz;500az;472z; and other auxiliary equipment sandwiched; and held in between the twin pontoons. In stormy weather when exceptionally strong tidal flow occurs; at times when the prevailing ambient forces of nature goes well beyond the limits of its structural configuration; and approaching the maximum allowable working parameters. Said apparatus840d;840e; may be purposely feathered autonomously to reduce its duty; and to avoid equipment damage. The apparatus may be required to adopt such a feathering position as shown inFIG. 1I. And if further required, fully depowered; demobilized; totally shut down as shown inFIG. 1H. All systems and apparatus described herein maybe configured for: (a) semi-submerged top pontoon840tzfloating on the water surface621z; bottom pontoon840bzsubmerged in the water column852. (b) fully submerged in the midst of the water column852; or (c) sea bottoms based; affixed to an anchoring rack867; for example: apparatus867is securely affixed onto the seabed537z.And anchored by lines846;847to winch853.

FIG. 1KtoFIG. 1Nillustrates a variant apparatus850ofFIG. 1CtoFIG. 1Jabove.FIG. 1Killustrates a perspective view of apparatus850; whileFIG. 1Lillustrates the plan view.FIG. 1Millustrates the frontal view of a demobilized apparatus850with its inlet port860tightly shut.FIG. 1Nillustrates the frontal view of a mobilized apparatus850with the inlet port860wide open; in full operational service.

The two large pieces of pontoon-bodies840tz;840bz; maybe configured, and structurally integrated into a single unit850. Wherein, the port856pand starboard856s;sides of the top and bottom pontoons pieces maybe joined; fused together along the periphery forming two extended flexible protrusions856p;856s;which doubles as control surfaces856. Adjustable hydroplanes856′;856″; maybe integrated into main hydroplane856running the length of the apparatus858from fore to aft. A plurality of turbine propulsion apparatus857may also be mounted on control surfaces856. A flipping jack862maybe configured horizontally in between the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz.Turning into a vertical position by means of mechanical drive to open up the fore inlet port860. From fore to aft the body maybe tapered; with a larger inlet port860than the (narrower) outlet port614z.

Demobilized, apparatus850resembles the flattened, collapsed structure inFIG. 1M; much alike a “sting-ray” shaped body. Mobilized, apparatus850resembles the wide open mouth of a whale. The demobilized mode maybe adapted and used by apparatus850during: (a) diving; (b) surfacing maneuvers. In particular, during deployment from the sea surface; submergence; diving; and installation at its sub-sea berth. And for the periodic inspection, maintenance checks and repairs; when apparatus850may be required to surface for the mother-ship741zand crew to carry out their tasks. Only when apparatus850had been deployed at its berth; securely anchored (to subsea system660z:reinforced concrete slab653z; embedded with piles562z; drill strings651); by means of lines846;847; line spool cum winches853; etc.; then may the system be mobilized. The closed inlet port860of apparatus850may be opened up slowly forming a huge round inlet port860. The flipping jack862maybe rotated mechanically in its groves863; from a horizontal position into a vertical position forming a supporting beam862. Pushing the top and bottom pontoons840tz;840bz; apart. Transforming apparatus850from the flattened (shut) position as shown inFIG. 1M; into a rounded (open) position as shown inFIG. 1N. Aspirating the oncoming tidal flow much alike the wide-open mouth of a whale; from the inlet port860into twin tidal-turbine-generators500az;500vz; then out through the outlet port614zlocated aft. The diameter or size of inlet port860may be configured to be: 100 m; 200 m; 300 m; etc.

In an optional configuration, the opening and closing of the top and bottom pontoon bodies840tz;840bz; may also be enabled by means of compressed air; or pressurized water; or a combination of both. High pressure air/water maybe used to inflate a network of hoses865embedded into the skin; inside and outside of the bodies840tz;840bz.Forming an internal and external hose based air-ribs865; water-ribs865. The internal and external hoses865work in opposite directions with their inflation and/or deflation controlled by means of a centralized computer system864. When the hoses outside the body are deflated; and the hoses inside the body are inflated; body850open outward; forming a rounded shape (referFIG. 1N). When the hoses inside the body are deflated; and the hoses outside the body are inflated; body850collapses; forming a flattened shape (referFIG. 1M). This method or system may be used to keep the body850in a flattened shape; in a depowered state during diving and/or surfacing maneuvers. Magnets868maybe used to keep inlet port860shut. Air pillars866; water pillars866may be configured inside the cavity861to provide horizontal and vertical structural support. Providing an embedded skeletal supporting framework on demand; whenever required, by means of pressurized fluid. Wherein said skeleton seemingly “disappeared” with little encumbrance when not required (fluid bled off; depressurized).

For enhanced efficiency and productivity, the size of the inlet port860maybe configured to be double or, triple the size of the outlet port614z.For the purpose of practicability, it may be of any other desirable proportion. Apparatus850maybe deployed: (1) With its body850floating just beneath the seawater surface621z; kept in position by means of anchoring lines846;847. With its ballast tank855above the water surface; resemblingFIG. 1E. (2) At its designated submerged berth by means of anchoring lines846;847; suspended in the midst of the water column as inFIG. 1C; such that for localities having tidal flow and ebb it may track changes in ambient tidal flow; or, direction; and respond intuitively. (3) Secured to a framework holder867; ramp867by means of mechanical apparatus such as clamps; suction cups; etc. including anchoring lines846;847; as shown inFIG. 1K. Such an optional configuration may be used for unidirectional tidal flow; wherein said ramp867maybe securely anchored to the seabed537zby means of slab653z; piles562z; drill-strings651z; etc. Example of such unidirectional tidal flow maybe: ocean gyres; tidal currents of islands located in the midst of the oceans; AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation); the Gulfstream; etc. These ocean current normally flow in one direction at a particular locality. Apparatus850may also be configured with ballast tanks855; fore and aft trim tanks854′;854″; computerized remote dive cum surfacing control systems864; including self-propulsion by means of motorized turbines857; control surfaces856; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) control systems; etc. The bodies of the pontoons840tz;840bz; of apparatus840d;840e;850; ofFIG. 1AtoFIG. 1Nmay comprise of materials such as: plastics; polymers; ceramics; composites; etc. Selected materials being preferred for their: corrosion resistance; versatility; pliability; elasticity; impact resistance; deformability; reform-ability after moderate impact; etc.

In an optional configuration of present invention. Plastic wastes recycled from trash maybe collected; sorted; and suitably processed. Recycled plastics maybe melted down; cast into solid blocks of building materials. The blocks may then be re-cast; reprocessed; and reconfigured for use in constructing pontoons bodies840ato840e; apparatus850. It may be configured; extruded into solid pieces; foam types; hollowed tubular members segmented within to hold air pockets; etc. Besides pontoons, such recycled plastics or other recycled building materials may also be used for construction of any other suitable: airborne; water-borne; seaborne component of present invention. Instead of the creation of a global source of pollution for marine wildlife; ecosystem. Or, societal problems for our global communities. When human beings tweak their mindsets; rubbish; wastes may be recycled for beneficial purposes. If and when humans cultivates a conducive attitude; a conscientious attitude; or, a sense of decency; for doing good. The powers of entire communities, countries, regions, etc. may be harnessed for change. For the transformation, the revolution of entire industries; economies; societies; etc. To craft a better future for ourselves. Our families. To save our planet—Earth. For whatever acts we do: the good; the bad; the praise; the blame. Will and shall create a boomerang effect; a response that affects us profoundly.

FIG. 1′O′ illustrates a variant submerged tidal turbine870which may be used in a similar manner as apparatus840dis used inFIG. 1AtoFIG. 1B. Wherein a multitude of submarine tidal turbines870may be deployed by means of a plurality of seaborne tether lines846′;846″;847′;847″. The bottom end may be securely anchored to the seabed537zby means of line reels and winches853. The top end may be attached to a plurality of line reel and winches853; pulleys629z; residing in the body of submarine-buoy845. Use of closed loop dual lines846′;846″ (fore); and847′;847″ (aft) maybe preferred. Tidal turbine870may comprise of: tidal turbine492z(drive unit) configured to power: (1) Rotor ring493z(driven unit); which rotates against the stator ring497z; located at the periphery. (2) Twin units of counter-rotating generators777vz′;777vz″; including planetary gears830z(driven unit) residing inside the body870located fore and aft. Associated apparatus of tidal turbine-generator870includes: ballast tanks855; trim tanks854′;854″; dive control surfaces856; located fore and aft. Anchoring lines846′;846″;847′;847″; may be aligned with and attached to rings869of supporting frame871; and on body870. The combination of planetary gear830zwith counter-rotating generator777vzenables the configuration of a much smaller generator (likely half-size) inside the body of apparatus870. Planetary gear830zenables the transformation of a single source of torque (rotary movement of turbine492z) into two counter rotating movements. And may be used together with generator777vz.This saves on the materials used for construction of generator777vz; weight (mass); size of the nacelle of apparatus870; including smaller buoyancy tank855; trim tanks854′;854″; and less stress on the anchoring lines846;847. Enabling higher productivity and efficiency. Lines846;847; secured and kept apparatus870in position. Generated power may also be transmitted by means of a cable integrated into lines846;847; to sub-sea cable457zlaid in sub-sea trench789zfor transmission to surface; or shore facilities622z. Refer:FIG. 2D.

Optionally, tidal turbines870may also be configured as a singular unit; affixed to a single line846; or847. And securely attached to line winch apparatus853mounted on anchoring system660z. A single unit of floating turbine870submerged in the water column852may be configured to be much larger in capacity; size than the plurality of tidal turbines of system580z. And with much larger trim tanks854′;854″; ballast tank855; enabling positive floatation. Unit is held in place by line846; or847. Lines846;847; may operably be adjusted remotely, enabling turbine870to surface621z; and to submerge852when required. Remote sensing location or position indicating devices may be embedded into the bodies of tidal turbines870for the purpose of search and recovery. In case of buoyancy failure due to punctured skin.

FIG. 1Pillustrates a method; a system comprising folding inter-connected semi-rigid leaves872; reinforced by lines873. The plurality of leaves may be configured to fold and overlap with each other when retracted; opening up and straightening out when opened. This may provide a substitute for internal shroud861.

FIG. 2AtoFIG. 2Cillustrates a semi “clam-shell” shaped structure; a wind-sail-turbine-generator system880. A shrouded apparatus880for the capture of wind current; the compression-acceleration of fluid velocity; cum extraction of its kinetic energies. Said apparatus880may comprise of: a multitude of stacked wind-turbine-generators array878; used in combination with a tall, shrouded (hooded) semi-enclosed walls877for capturing wind current. Walls877may comprise of: fabrics; thin; semi-rigid; flexible and pliable materials made from polymers; plastics; etc. kept in modules876. Wall877materials may be deflated and wound up by means of an embedded motorized shaft876′; and stored inside container module876when not in use. Unfurled and deployed for use when required. Component877channel the captured wind current from a large inlet port860; through the turbine-generation units500vz;471z; exiting via smaller constricted outlet ports614z;located behind (aft of) the turbine units. Such a constriction produces a much higher, artificially enhanced wind speed (velocity) through the wind-turbine-generators500vz;471z; than would have been possible to get from the existing ambient wind velocity (lower). Thus enabling a much higher efficiency (Cp) and productivity of apparatus880. The turbines may be stacked one unit on top of the other vertically; one row arranged next to another. The semi “clam-shell” shaped walls877maybe flexibly configured to shift its inlet port860: to open-up (wider); or, to close (narrower); depending upon wind velocity and conditions.

FIG. 2Aillustrates the frontal view of apparatus880;FIG. 2Bits side view; andFIG. 2Cthe plan view. Apparatus880may be configured to be: surface mounted on land; atop a monopile890at sea; on a floating marine platform879; on the deck736zof a ship741z; etc. And configured to track changes in wind directions by means of a motorized893base plate881; configured with motorized893roller-wheels882moving in twin circular groves883; or rails883. Groves or rails883maybe securely affixed onto reinforced concrete base653zanchored to ground884by means of piles562z; drill pipes651z.Such that apparatus880may autonomously shift its body to align with changes/or variations in wind current.

Top portion of apparatus880maybe configured and equipped with wind lifting devices comprising: a hybrid UAV-kite-drone885; and a plurality of motorized turbines888. The framework cum array878comprising banks of wind-turbine-generators500vz;500az;500bz;500cz;500dz;471z; etc. stacked one on top of another provides the main supporting structure for apparatus880. And may form half its total height. With the semi-circular shaped inflatable air-frame/pillar420zproviding top portion support. Twin vertical air pillars located port side420z′; and starboard side420z″; at the fore-front of the inlet port860maintained the structural shape of the apparatus880. Auxiliary air-ribs277z; provides peripheral support. Multiple lines887extending from various points889′;889″;889′“; of the apparatus880to motorized winching reels853cum pulleys629z; enables the light-weight inflatable shrouded structure880the be securely anchored to the base plate881. Motorized893roller-wheels882at the bottom of base plate881; moving inside twin bottom groves883′;883”; or; on protruding rails883′;883″; enables base plate881to rotate. Such that apparatus880faces the on-coming wind current. Smart computerized system891may take the feedback from wind-direction sensors892; and direct motorized wheels882to respond to such changes and variations.

Optionally, an inflatable hybrid UAV-kite-drone885maybe affixed atop the apex of structure880; for providing aerial lift. Kite-drone885maybe attached to apparatus880by means of a plurality of flexible legs886. Angular inclination of the wings of kite-drone885maybe adjusted by varying the length or angle of the appendages886; relative to the wind current; providing a positive aerial lift to keep the inlet port860in a lifted position. Kite-drone885may comprise of a widely used sporting kite, modified and integrated with specialized electronics; enabling remote manipulation and control of its body or legs886for generating an optimal “angle of attack” for providing aerial lift; to keep apparatus880in operation. Optionally, a plurality of light-weight motorized turbines888(70z) attached by means of adjustable flexible joints823z; may be configured near the top of air-pillars420z;420z′;420z″; for providing aerial lift. Particularly during the initial stages of set-up and mobilization. Apparatus885;888; maybe flexibly affixed and removed during mobilization and demobilization. Air-pillars420z;420′;420″; may provide static support; keeping apparatus880in shape.

FIG. 2DtoFIG. 2Eillustrates an optional configuration ofFIG. 2AtoFIG. 2C.FIG. 2Dshows the side view of a framework structure883; including base-plate881; roller wheels882; mounted on a monopile890. The framework structure883includes a plurality of: rails883′;883″; or groves883′;883″; constructed on top of diagonally aligned supporting beams891′;891″; and horizontal beams892. On top of; and upon these framework structures883may be installed the base-plate881configured with motorized893roller-wheels882. And on top of this base-plate881(forming the deck881′); maybe erected a seaborne wind-turbine-generation apparatus880. Located well above the water surface621z.The submerged portion of monopile890′ maybe integrated with an underwater vertical axis tidal turbine477z; including gearbox583z; bearing box586z;torque transmission shafts692z; (595z); and generator module777z;777vz; located below deck but well above the water surface621z.Motorized base-plate881cum deck881′ may be shifted by means of motorized893wheels882; enabling apparatus880to face the oncoming wind current. Monopile890maybe securely mounted on anchoring system660z.

FIG. 2Eillustrates a perspective view of the framework structure erected on monopile890; including two concentric circular rails883′;883″; or troughs883′;883″; upon which the roller wheels882of the base-plate881may be mounted. Such a flexible configuration enables apparatus880to be turned around to engage the oncoming wind; and to track it as the wind direction changes. The base-plate881may be supported by diagonally and horizontally disposed beams; struts; pillars891′;891″; and892; connected to the vertical monopile structure890. Structures890may be configured with multi-piles; multiple legs; or legged platforms to suit larger apparatus880. Apparatus880may also be mounted on: floating platforms; barges; pontoons; secured to the seabed by means of cables846;847; etc. Wave energy converters874; underwater tidal turbines477z;471z;500az;500vz; etc. may also be anchored to/and supported by this ecosystem.

FIG. 2Fillustrates a variant configuration ofFIG. 2A to 2E. Wherein, apparatus880maybe mounted on a floating platform879anchored to the seabed537zanchoring system660zby means of lines846;847. Floating platform879may also comprise of: a boat; a ship; a flat-topped pontoon-barge structure840z. Platform879may be configured on top of a plurality of floating bodies894. Flexibly anchored floating platform879may shift in response to changing wind and tidal directions. Solar tiles895may be used to pave exposed surfaces to harness solar energy. Materials used for construction of the base-plate881and flat-top-platform deck881′ may comprise of: wood; metals; ceramic; composites; air-bubble filled polymers, plastics, aero-foam; externally covered with sheets of polymer; rubber; fiberglass; etc. Such hybrid materials with superior durability: corrosion resistance; weather-resistance; flexibility; pliability; etc.

FIG. 2Gillustrates a variant apparatus880aconfigured with the bottom-halve portion880″ fixed; while the top-halve portion880′ may be configured to extend; retract; flexibly. It may be moved upwards during low wind velocity for enhanced capture of wind current. When required, it may be shifted downwards during gusty squalls; stormy weather with high wind velocity. Such movements may be enabled by means of lines896; pulleys897; stoppers898; motorized winches853; etc. mounted on the port and starboard sides of apparatus880a.The top-half portion880′ may comprise of light-weight materials such as: fabric; air-ribs277z; air-pillars420z; etc. More lines887may be used to secure the top-halve portion880′

Lines896forms a complete loop; running from the bi-directional winches853; linking and connecting pulley897p;897s;and stoppers898′;898″; together. Pulleys897is fixed at mid portion of apparatus880. Stopper898moves between the bottom of apparatus880(winches853) and pulleys897. To deploy the top-half portion880′ of the apparatus upward; air-pillar420zmaybe inflated, followed by the activation of winches853at the port and starboard sides. Winches853moved the lines896attached to pulleys897; and stoppers898′;898″. Stoppers898′;898″; located in proximity to winch853moves upwards; towards the pulleys897p;897s.Thus pulling the top portion880′ of apparatus880upwards. When stopper898reached in proximity to pulley897p;897s;the top portion880′ of apparatus880had completed its deployment.

To Quote: “About 90% of world trade is transported by sea. Shipping's share of the global CO2 emission amounts to 1056 million tonnes (2.89%) in 2018. The IMO aims to reduce the industry's overall GHG emission by 50% from 2008 levels by 2050.”—Reuters 5 Aug. 2020. Decarbonizing the global shipping industry; and the aviation industry had always been the most difficult. A possible solution lies in the conversion of ships; and airplanes to use green hydrogen (stored in ammonia; formic acid; methanol; toluene; etc.) manufactured by means of renewable energies for propulsion. Historically, wind energies powered sails had been an important means of propulsion for sea-faring vessels. But when the wind doesn't blow. Or. When the wind isn't blowing in the correct direction that we desire—towards a harbor; a port; a destination . . . . Your Goal! The captain would be faced with a dilemma. Except to use an internal combustion engine (ICE) for propulsion. But heat engines pollutes. And our climate is collapsing due to such pollution! This enigma might be resolved by features of present innovation. Regardless of the wind direction. Even if the wind is blowing directly against the ship's bow. Blowing from the very direction vessel901is heading towards. However, like all renewable energies solutions, upfront capital investment is required in return for long-term-cost-savings in operating expenditure. The ultimate goal of this innovation is to achieve true “net-zero-energy”; “net-zero-emission” shipping; wherein said vessel901is configured to produce adequate power sustainably from the environs to meet its own propulsion and utility needs. That it consumes only as much power as it produces sustainably. Without any external off-sets; for example: like planting trees to create carbon sinks. Bringing about: evolutionary; transformational changes; and energy independence; to the blue ocean merchant fleet.

System900comprises three distinctive phases of ship-borne ocean renewable energy systems: (a) conversion; extraction; generation; (b) storage (short and longer term); (c) electrified propulsion. System900also comprises three phases of apparatus for providing traction; propulsion of zero-emission-vessel (ZEV)901. Wherein said ship-borne ocean renewable energy systems comprises: (a) Airborne energy conversion systems comprising: high-altitude flying energy generators; airborne wind turbine generators and drones:800z;800a;800b;400z;100z;76z.(b) Surface based (ship-borne) energy conversion systems comprising: wave energy converters874; solar systems875′;875″;895; wind turbine generators920;471z;477z.(c) Seaborne energy conversion systems comprising: deep-sea diving tidal energy generators: drone mounted tidal energy generators:800z;200z;222z. All of the above systems mounted on board the ZEV901. Said high altitude flying wind energy generators and deep-sea diving tidal energy generators extending; emanating from ZEV901. Thus enabling a vastly increased area/or volume of environ for engagement. Said apparatus interacting; engaging with the surrounding oceanic; naturally occurring elements comprising: wind; tidal; wave; solar; energies. Extracting their energies for provision of ZEV901's mobility.

FIG. 3AtoFIG. 3Jillustrates a self-replenishing; self-rejuvenating; self-regenerative eco-system900for: (1) A grid energy storage system910comprising of: (a) A batteries based grid energy storage sub-system910b.(b) A hydrogen based grid energy storage sub-system910h.(Identifying number “b” in910bdenotes batteries storage; whereas identifying number “h” in910hdenotes hydrogen storage). Grid energy storage system910maybe combined with: (2) An energy generation system920for the extraction and conversion of a continuous supply of sustainable energies by means of apparatus920; for the purpose of providing propulsion; mobility of ZEV901. Wherein said renewable energies extraction and conversion means920; may include apparatus comprising: (a) deck mounted panels of wind and tidal powered generators880;920ato920f;horizontal axis wind turbines471zwith nacelles777vz; vertical axis wind turbines477zwith generators777vz.(b) airborne drones400z;100zmounted with windbags30zworking in tandem with line-reel-generation modules55z; airborne drones mounted with generators800z;800az;800bz;800cz;800dz;800ez;800fz;800gz;800iz;800jz;components including counter-rotating turbine generators500az;500bz;500cz;500dz;500vz; counter-rotating generators585z;590z;777z;777vzintegrated with planetary gear830z. (c) seaborne diving drones200zmounted with tidal-bags40zworking in tandem with line-reel-generation modules55z.In particular integration into ecosystem900of: “Drone Mounted Wind Turbine-Generator System” (Refer: apparatus 800b of FIG. 8C; parent U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679). Such airborne, high altitude flying wind power extraction systems800z;800azto800jz;operates independently of wind directions; providing electricity round the clock for ZEV901. Whereas, apparatus for the creation of traction-propulsion of vessel901may include: (a) airborne drones mounted with windbags; or a plurality of windbags:76z;100z;400z;800z;800ez.(b) seaborne diving drones200z;222z; mounted with tidal-bags40z.

Renewable energies (electricity derived from wind; tidal; solar; wave) extracted by means of said energy conversion apparatus may be directly routed to the on-board transformer902; rectifier/or inverter903; operating batteries904″; electric driven engine905; to drive the vessel's propellers906. Associated components includes: axle or shaft912; gearbox583z; bearing box586z.

Any excess power produced by ecosystem900would be routed to the grid energy storage system910comprising: batteries storage sub-system910b; and the hydrogen storage sub-system910h.Wherein said electrical batteries storage sub-system910bused for short term storage may comprise of: grid energy storage batteries904′; flow batteries904′; capacitors904′; other forms of novel batteries/or electrical energy storage systems still under R&D. Wherein said hydrogen grid energy storage sub-system910hused for longer term storage may comprise of: electrolyzer509zunits; spherical liquified hydrogen storage tank549z; compressed hydrogen cylinders907; solid state metal-hydride storage means; liquid ammonia storage tanks704z;PEM-Catalytic-Filter908unit; Hydrogen-Fuel-Cell stacks909′ unit; novel compact ionic hydrogen to ammonia synthesizer units918; chillers; compressors; coolers;

expanders; etc. Liquid ammonia bunkers stored in tank704zmay also be directly used to power ICE; gas turbine engines; in tandem with specialty catalysts. Such catalysts affects combustion selectivity of reactants. Swinging; favoring the equilibrium of the reaction towards formation of CO2. Rather than formation of the more noxious NOx, such as: NO2; NO3; N2O; etc. Global heating potential of N2O is 300 times that of CO2 for a 100 year time-scale.

FIG. 3Aillustrates a ship/zero-emission-vessel901configured with renewable energies storage means910; and means of renewable energies extraction-conversion920. Enabling self-sufficiency; energy independence in the generation of renewable energies onboard. Its conversion; storage; re-conversion; and utilization of such renewable energies sustainably.FIG. 3Billustrates the aft portion; stern of vessel901; fitted with an array of extended apparatus920at the sides to extract wind energies; tidal energies for conversion into renewable electricity. Apart from wind energy powered generators920; wave energy converters874; solar energy converters such as: solar tiles895; solar fabrics875′; solar paint875″; other integrated wind tidal energy conversion apparatus:40z;76z;100z;200z;222z;400z;471z;477z;500az;500vz;800az;800bz;800cz;800dz;800ez;800fz;800gz;800iz;800jz;disclosed in the parent patents may also be used for: (1) extracting wind; tidal energies for conversion into green electricity. And for (2) direct provision of traction-propulsion; creating mobility for vessel901; such as apparatus:40z;76z;100z;222z;400z;800ez;920e′;920f′. Other wind-tidal energy conversion apparatus: windbags30z; tidal-bags40z; integrated with drone800zforming systems:76z;222z(refer: FIG. 8N; FIG. 8′O′; U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679). They may also be used for: (1) extracting wind-tidal energies for conversion into green electricity by means of line-reel-generation apparatus55z.(2) And when combined with line reel52z; for providing direct traction-propulsion; mobility of ZEV901. The above power generation and traction apparatus may be configured; mounted/or located on the vessel's: topside deck736z(30z,100z;400z;76z); sideways or bottom (40z;200z;222z); bow; stern; etc. Traction generated by means of sails877of wind-sail-generators920; including “solid” rectangular shaped blocks930;930′; etc. may also be used directly for the purpose of providing traction-propulsion.

On the top-deck736z;wind-sail-generators880;920d; vertical axis wind turbines477z; horizontal axis wind turbines471zmounted on extendable-retractable crane booms619z; may be flexibly configured for extracting wind energies. Both turbines471z;477z; may be integrated with counter-rotating nacelles777vzintegrated with planetary gears830z. Including airborne wind energy conversion apparatus:100z;222z;400z;800azto800jz;for generating renewable electricity; and creating traction for ZEV901's mobility. Panels of wind-generator920and tidal-generators920may be extended over the sides of vessel901to harness and extract wind and tidal energies. Enabled by means of: hydraulic jacking apparatus933; hydraulic crane booms619z; hydraulic or pneumatic arms758z;booms758z;sliding sleeves759z; etc. In particular high altitude airborne drone mounted wind turbine system800bzmay be used for generating electricity. System800zintegrated with windbags30zmay be deployed for creating electricity; or for creating traction-propulsion of zero-emission-vessel901's mobility. Other systems may comprise:100z;400z;76z.Including deep-sea diving drone800zintegrated with tidal-bags40z;222z. For creation of electricity; or, traction-propulsion for ZEV901. Drone system800bzmay transmit generated power by means of conductive tether50vz; reel52z; to transformer902. Drone systems800z;76z;222z; maybe combined with deck based generators55zintegrated with planetary gears830zfor production of electricity. It may also be integrated with line reel52zfor the purpose of creating traction-propulsion. While wave energy converters874attached at the sides of vessel901converts energies in ocean waves into renewable energies by means of dedicated conversion mechanisms874′.

Any excess renewable electricity generated would be routed to the batteries system910bfor short term storage. For longer term storage; excess electricity generated may be routed to the electrolyzer unit509zfor conversion into hydrogen; and stored in hydrogen storage system910h.Hydrogen gas produced maybe compressed for storage in cylinders907; stored in solid state metal hydride storage means. Chilled and liquified hydrogen stored in spherical tank549z.Hydrogen may also be converted into ammonia by means of novel compact ionic process units918; developed by researchers of Monash University, Australia. Or other similar technologies under R&D. Such green ammonia created onboard maybe stored in liquid ammonia bunker fuel tanks704z.Such that when the wind is slack and intermittent; or, blowing the other way. Compressed hydrogen gas stored in cylinders907; liquid hydrogen in tank549z; maybe routed directly to the Hydrogen Fuel-Cell stacks909′ unit for conversion into electricity; electric current routed to the operating batteries904″ unit; to drive electric-motor905; propeller906. Whereas the hydrogen component present in liquid ammonia maybe catalytically cracked; broken down; dissociated; and segregated from ammonia; by means of specialty PEM-Catalytic-Filter unit908to obtain high purity hydrogen gas. The integrated hydrogen Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM); or Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane (PEM); and catalytic-cracking technology908: developed by researchers of CSIRO, Australia maybe used. Or other similar technologies under R&D. Catalytically cracked hydrogen gas maybe routed to the Hydrogen Fuel-Cell stacks909′ unit for conversion into electricity. Electricity is routed to the operating batteries904″ unit; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. Optionally, Hydrogen Fuel Cells909′;909″; may be substituted by hybrid solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Due to its versatility hybrid-SOFC units909′;909″; may be used to convert a plurality of gases comprising: hydrogen; natural gas; LNG; biogas; synthetic fuel gas; into electricity; or heat energy.

Liquid ammonia bunker stored onboard in tank704z;used as a hydrogen carrier; may be broken down and separated by means of the PEM-Catalytic-Filter unit908to provide: nitrogen which is vented; and hydrogen gas for propulsion of ships and airplanes. Electrolyzer509zenables the continuous conversion and grid storage of excess renewable energies in the form of hydrogen; and the release of this stored chemical energy when needed. Working as a sponge; soaking up any excess green electricity produced; converting; storing it. Then releasing its energy whenever required. Overcoming issues of intermittency; periodic deficiencies in the ambient conditions.

Achieving self-sufficiency in conversion of renewable energies into propulsion energies; mobility; combined with storage capabilities would be an empowerment of the global “net-zero-emission” shipping industry. In achieving total decarbonization. And a clean energy revolution. Freedom from energy poverty. Freedom from the shackles of dirty fossil fuels! An energy independence! By means of self-generating systems (of energy production); electrified propulsion; and grid energy storage systems. Negating the present need for said vessel901to take on large quantities of polluting bunkers: fuel oil; diesel; natural gas. Which is a necessity at present. For emergency back-up purpose vessel901may still stock some bunker fuel; maybe (10%-30%) in comparison with present day use of 100% fossil fuels. Only as a last resort may diesel (fossil fuel) be used in an emergency in internal-combustion-engine driven generator911; natural gas with a gas turbine generator unit915′ to supply electricity for propulsion.

Vessel901may be configured; adequately provisioned with renewable energies extraction-conversion means920for self-sufficiency in the generation of sustainable energies. Optionally, if self-generation of renewable energies derived from wind; tidal; waves; solar; by means of conversion system920in ecosystem900had been deficient due to factors like (wind; solar; tidal) intermittency; equipment outage; etc. Including deficiency in energy storage system910. Sea-faring vessel901may be backed up; and periodically replenished with a stock of non-fossil based alternatives. New generations of low-emission-bunker fuels; zero-emission bunker fuels; comprising: green ammonia; bio-fuels like bio-methanol; bio-ethanol; derived from corn, biomass; bio-diesel derived from soya beans, palm-oil; biomass. Bio-methane; bio-hydrogen; derived from biomass and animal wastes; stored in cylinders914; green hydrogen present in green liquid ammonia in tank704z;all derived from renewable electricity; etc. Such liquid bio-fuels stored in tank913; maybe routed to fuel-cell-stacks909′; providing electricity to batteries904′;904″; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. Vessel901may also be replenished with new classes of decarbonized “bunkers” comprising: green liquid ammonia; formic acid; toluene; compressed green hydrogen; liquified green hydrogen; etc. The green liquid ammonia is saturated with green hydrogen. Likewise, other chemical energy carriers may also be used to supply power for propulsion such as: formic acid; toluene; etc. and maybe replenished at the ports of call. Note: Green hydrogen may also be produced by means of a variety of different sustainable systems such as: catalytic-induced chemical reactions; photo-catalytic-induced chemical reactions; bio-catalytic-induced reactions using enzymes; etc. Green hydrogen derived from such methods and systems may be bottled up and stored for use.

When vessel901is at berth in port. While some units of panels920may be removed and kept in storage due to space constraint. Other units may still be kept in operation on unused space of deck736z.Other components of system920comprising airborne and seaborne (tidal; wave) energies extraction units:76z;100z;200z;222z;800bz;800z;874; etc. would still be kept working. Extracting; generating renewable energies (solar; wave; wind; tidal) for utilities; and for stocking up energies in the grid batteries storage system910b; hydrogen grid storage system910h.Conversion of excess energies for filling up: hydrogen bottles907; tank549z; conversion of hydrogen produced into ammonia stored in tank704z.When the storage systems are fully packed, excess energy may be exported by cable to other vessels in proximity. Or. Exported to the port authority. This might be an evolutionary change. A metamorphosis. A transformation. From a dirty-fossil-fuels guzzler; seafaring vessel901had morphed into a self-sufficient “net-zero-emission” entity in clean energies production. And maybe, occasionally, to being a net exporter of clean energies. Such is the beauty of innovation!

New ships may be configured with new technologies of present invention right from the design stage. However, retrofitting and/or conversion of existing maritime vessels with new energy generation and storage systems disclosed herein; enables faster pollution cuts in line with the Paris Climate Agreement. Their modification; conversion into zero-emission-vessels (ZEV) capable of creating their own supplies of propulsion energies. Zero-emission-vessels outfitted with self-replenishing; self-refreshing; self-rejuvenating; including storage technologies for generating and storing a constant supply of renewable energies for their own use; for propelling themselves. Independence; self-sufficiency in propulsion power. An enabling capability that freed up a vessel to circumnavigate the globe. Non-stop. Without bunkers. A fitting sequel to the inspirational achievements of the flights of Solar Impulse.

Zero-emission-vessels for scientific studies; oceanographic surveys; etc. At times, when circumstances permits this may also be true for commercial shipping; zero need for external bunkers; definitely zero top-up of polluting fuels. Creation of such enabling technologies to meet such maritime “moon-shot” challenges; shall be the ultimate goal of all stake-holders in the global maritime shipping industry.

Referring to the table ofFIG. 3C. Optionally, grid energy storage system910may be supplemented and backed up by a variety of sub-systems. If the main propulsion systems relied upon breaks down at sea. Back-up systems must be available to provide mobility. Otherwise the ship would be stranded; adrift; helpless. Dependent upon the laws of signatory countries of the Paris Climate Agreement; standards and time-frames set; agreed by members of the IMO; or other related national and international bodies. Such back-up energy systems may comprise of: (1) A liquid bio-fuels sub-system comprising a stock of: bio-diesel; bio-ethanol; including synthetic green-diesel; green-methanol (manufactured in a chemical plant by means of catalytic chemical reactions); stored in tanks913. (1a) Liquid bio-fuels may be used with fuel cell stacks909″ to generate electricity to charge batteries904″; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. (1b) Blended with a fixed ratio of fossil diesel; liquid biofuels may be used with an internal combustion engine (ICE) driven generator911; to charge batteries904″; to drive electrified propulsion system905;906. A limited quantity of fossil diesel may be stored in tank913as a last resort (emergency) back up fuel. When all else had failed.

Optionally, grid energy storage system910may be backed up by means of: (2) A gas bio-fuels (bio-gas) sub-system comprising a stock of: bio-methane; bio-hydrogen; including green-methane; green-hydrogen; stored in cylinders914. (2a) The gas bio-fuels sub-system may be used with fuel-cell stacks909″ to charge batteries904″; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. (2b) Blended with a fixed ratio of fossil natural gas or liquified natural gas (LNG); the bio-methane in cylinders914; green-hydrogen in cylinders907; tank549z; may be used in a gas turbine generator unit915′ to charge batteries904″; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. (2c) This blended mixture comprising: bio-methane in cylinders914; green hydrogen in cylinders907; and natural gas in cylinders914; may be used with a traction gas turbine unit915″ for direct propulsion of the ship's propeller906. The green-hydrogen self-generated by means of electrolyzers908on board ship901; hydrogen stored in liquid ammonia in tank704z;may be catalytically cracked; dissociated; and separated by means of PEM-Catalytic-Filter908; for use. (2d) This stored hydrogen may be used with Hydrogen Fuel-Cell-Stacks909′; to charge batteries904″; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. (2e) Blended with a fixed ratio of fossil natural gas; the hydrogen may also be used with gas turbine generator unit915′; to charge batteries904″; to drive the electric propulsion system905;906. (2f) The hydrogen may also be used with a traction gas turbine unit915″ for direct propulsion of the ship's901propeller906.

Besides electrolysis of water (electro-chemical-reaction); hydrogen gas may also be synthesized by means of other: electro-catalytic and photo-electro-catalytic reactions. Synthetic production of energy carriers by means of sustainable means comprising: hydrogen; methane; ethanol; acetic acid; etc. maybe made in chemical plants; bio-chemical plants. Such green hydrogen; methane; ethanol; bunkers stored in cylinders907; tank549;704z;913; may be used as the main source of reserved back-up energies for propelling vessel901.

Optionally: (3) Other liquid energy carriers such as formic acid; toluene; etc. stored in tank916may also be used with a specialized; dedicated conversion apparatus917for conversion to electricity to charge batteries904″; or conversion to hydrogen gas for storage in cylinders907. (3a) Electricity in batteries904″ may be used to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. (3b) Hydrogen in cylinders907maybe used with Fuel-Cell-Stacks909′ to generate electricity904″; to drive electrified propulsion system905;906. Optionally, energy carriers stored in (3c) tank916may be used with a dedicated conversion apparatus917; to generate hydrogen for storage in cylinders907; tank549z; or for conversion into ammonia by means of compact ionic process units918for storage in liquified ammonia tank704z.Used with Fuel-Cell-Stacks909′ to charge batteries904; to drive the electrified propulsion system905;906. Practicably enabling flexible decarbonization of vessel901; and the global blue ocean merchant fleet. Ultimate goal—zero fossil fuels. Diesel fossil fuel may be used as an emergency back-up; while natural gas (fossil fuel: methane) may be used to provide a short-term transitional solution. In order for such new technologies; greener carbon-neutral fuels; zero-carbon fuels and energy carriers; etc. to upscale; to achieve economies-of-scale; maturity; cost parity; public acceptance and adoption. In line with the Paris Climate Agreement, new generations of such green bio-fuels may completely displace fossil fuels in the global shipping industry in future.

The wind-sail-turbine-generator system880illustrated inFIG. 2AtoFIG. 2G; may be modified, adapted and reconfigured as variant system920for the extraction-conversion of wind and tidal energies into sustainable electricity; and routed directly via transformer unit902; rectifier or inverter unit903; and batteries unit904″; to drive the electrified propulsion unit905;906. Propelling ocean-going vessel901forward. Providing it with self-generated; self-created means of sustainable mobility.

FIG. 3Dillustrates an apparatus920a;comprising vertically aligned twin panels920stacked with multiple units of wind/or tidal turbine generators921; one unit on top of another. At the sides of apparatus920amay be configured two units of modules876containing vertical wind-sail877; which may be rolled up by means of a spring loaded shaft876′; or a motorized shaft876′. And stored inside modules876. When required wind sail877may be unfurled; deployed for use. Acting as a shroud for trapping and diverting wind current into the rows of turbine-generators921. One end of wind-sail877may be affixed to shaft876′; while the free end may be affixed to a long piece of pole922. Mobile pole922may be pulled manually; by means of winches; and slotted into designated slots or extension; connected to pre-conceived anchoring points on the deck736z.Acting as a mast, pole922held the wind-sail877in place. Taunt wind-sail877works as a shroud; collecting, trapping and diverting wind current into the turbine-generators921; increasing system productivity and efficiency. Wind-sail877may also comprise of: sheets of fabrics; semi-rigid yet flexible and pliable plastics; polymers; etc. When wind conditions are favorable, wind-sails877may be unfurled from module876; extended and used to trap; channel; divert wind into the turbine generators920for extraction of kinetic energy. When the wind is blowing in the opposite direction, the sails should be kept rolled up inside modules876. Only the turbine generators921should be exposed and working.

Apparatus920amay be configured mounted on a base-plate881; resting on top of motorized893roller-wheels882; providing ease of mobility. Components on the top portion may be connected by top frame923. Supported at both sides by wind-sail modules876. Flexible sliding portions924attached to the front and rear of module876may be slid outwards at an angular inclination to engage and divert wind current into turbine-generators921. Sliding portions924maybe mounted and supported by top frame923and bottom base-plate881. When demobilized, sliding portions924may be slid inwards to cover up and protect the turbine generators921. Individual components of the turbine-generator unit921may comprise any type of turbine generators; such as:471z;500az;500bz;500vz;500cz;500dz; etc. Including apparatus disclosed in parent patents:40z;100z;200z;222z;400z;477z;800az;800bz;800cz;800dz;800ez;800fz;800gz;800iz;800jz;etc. These may also be used on board vessel901for conversion of renewable energies enabling mobility of vessel901.

Single units of horizontal-axis wind turbines471zmaybe mounted on extendable-retractable crane booms619zat different locations on vessel901for the extraction-conversion of wind energy for mobility. Use of crane booms619zenables turbine471zto be lowered; extended; tilted sideways; etc. a dexterity fixed towers can't provide. Optionally, due to space constraints; a plurality of standard horizontal-axis wind turbines471zmay collectively be mounted in fixed positions on a turntable745z.For example:3units. Two smaller units in front, one larger unit located behind. Refer to system740vas illustrated in FIG. 5E to FIG. 5I; of parent application U.S. Ser. No. 16/544,831. Wind turbines471z; with nacelles carrying counter-rotating generators777vz; and planetary gear830z; may be mounted in fixed positions on pillars469z.The turbines471zare not configured to turn (or; yaw). However the entire turntable745zmay be configured to turn; to rotate 360 degrees; to track and to follow changes in the wind direction automatically. Enabled by means of: a computerized yaw control system755z; configured to monitor; detect; track; and autonomously respond to changes in wind direction; conditions. Including motorized system756zworking in tandem with pinion-rack mechanisms; roller-bearings752z; etc. To shift; to align turntable745z; responsive to changes in wind direction. Such that modifications; adaptations may be made on the deck736zof vessel901to accommodate turntable745zand3turbine units471z.In particular, a plurality of locking devices and extended bars; etc. to keep the turn-table745zsafely in position. Due to the enormous forces comprising: stress and strain associated with3wind turbine units471zextracting wind energy. The structural configuration of foundations comprising: floor beams and pillars749z;751z; deck plates736z;turntable745z; etc. may be integrated into; with the keel; reinforced; and robust to withstand such natural forces. The turbine swept area would be isolated by tall rails; mesh and locked; remaining strictly off-limits to all crew.

FIG. 3Eillustrates a variant apparatus920b; of920aas shown inFIG. 3D. Apparatus920bmay be configured with rows of vertically stacked turbine generators921; alternating with vertical (hollow) flat surfaced panels925. The central panel of turbine generators921maybe supported by dual side pillars926for stability. The sides of turbine generators921maybe hemmed in by hollow flat surfaced panels925. When extended (as shown) the hollow panels925provides a solid shroud for diverting wind current into the three panels920; which are fully stacked with a multitude of turbine generators921from top to bottom. When unit920bis demobilized, side covering panels925maybe pushed inwards; slotting in, covering up and protecting the panels920of turbine generators921. Apparatus920amaybe shrunk to half its extended size.

FIG. 3Fillustrates a variant apparatus920cof apparatus920a;920bofFIG. 3DandFIG. 3E. In which all of the vertical structures920may be configured with turbine generators921. Supported by pillars926the vertically aligned stacks of turbine generators921on folding panels920linked by means of connectors919maybe folded up (retracted) or pulled taunt (extended). The left-hand-side pillar926′ may be affixed onto the framework; while the right-hand-side pillar926″ and vertical wind-sail modules876may be configured to move together with the retracting/extending panels920; sliding in and out of groves and channels883′ built into top framework923and bottom baseplate881. Operation of wind-sail877component may resemble apparatus920aofFIG. 3D.FIG. 3Gillustrates a plan view of individual panels920flexibly linked together by means of pliable; stretchable connectors919. Such plastic or polymer connectors919may comprise of hasps; pliable connectors affixed in between the individual panels920. Or. It may comprise of a pliant and flexible continuation (extension) of the inter-connected plurality of panels920. Connection919enables the individual panels to be folded up as shown. Extended for use or collapsed for storage when required.

Another variant apparatus920dis illustrated inFIG. 3A. Located fore of vessel901; apparatus920dmay comprise two-pieces of structure:920d′;920d″. The bottom structure920″ remains fixed onto the deck736z.While the top structure920d′ may slide up and down the framework provided by the twin interlocking frames927′; and927″. Extended the two pieces of structures may be stacked in a top and bottom configuration. Connected by means of twin sets of interlocking; and over-lapping; sliding ladder frames927′;927″. When retracted the two pieces of structures may be stacked in a fore and aft manner. One920d′ in front; the other920d″ behind. The sliding motion of top structure920d′ may be provided by means of motorized propulsion; mechanical power; or by means of compressed air; water; or hydraulic mechanisms. The side extensions928comprising concave shaped inflatable and deflate-able bags928′; maybe used as a shroud to capture, divert and channel wind current into turbine generators921. Deployed apparatus920dmay be double of its retracted height.

FIG. 3Iillustrates a variant apparatus920fof920eas shown inFIG. 3H. In which “solid” looking, flat surfaced wind blocking apparatus930maybe integrated with a multitude of turbine generators. Panels930with turbine generators921may be configured to slot into the hollow panels930′ below it. Extendable and retractable pillars comprising a plurality of hydraulic jacking apparatus933; and crane booms619zmay be used to enable functional means; and to provide vertical support for apparatus920f.Pole922with sail fabrics877may also be used to enhance wind capture; extraction and conversion of renewable energies.

FIG. 3Jillustrates a turbine generator unit500gzwhich may be configured for use on panels920; as a component of turbine generator921. Apparatus500gzmay be configured alike apparatus500fzofFIG. 1′O′. Periphery power generation maybe carried out by components comprising: stator ring497zaffixed to the frame; rotor ring493zaffixed to the wind turbine or tidal turbine492z. While the central hub may be configured with twin units of counter-rotating generators777vz′;777vz″; integrated with planetary gears830z′;830z″; located fore and aft. Supported by a plurality of struts871; through which generated electricity may be channeled to transmission cables457z.

Optionally, a variant apparatus920e′;920f′; derived from apparatus920e;920fdisclosed above; may be reconfigured without turbine generators921. But comprises only the flat surfaced wind blocking panels930′; which acts as “block-sails” for generating traction when the wind is favorable. Such that the apparatus maybe configured wholly of plain surfaced blocks930′ with a hollow internal. Individual blocks930′ may be inter-connected internally on all sides by means of a pliable; stretchable membrane-like piece of plastic or polymeric material919in between them. The blocks may now be: (a) fully extended to its full height by means of crane booms619z; booms929;929′; powered by pneumatic or pressurized water; air pillars420z. (b) fully slotted into each other when retracted. Wherein the retracted height of apparatus now form only 10% to 20% of its fully extended height. Apparatus920e′;920f′; maybe configured with a curved shape (like a sail); with the concave surface facing the oncoming wind.

Optionally, all of the920systems and structures (920a;920b;920c;920d;920e;920f;920f′;) maybe integrated with: pressurized air or water system931; booms929; hydraulic system932; crane booms619z; motorized893wheels882; brakes932; etc. And maybe mounted on a turn-table881; with groves883; or rail883; affixed onto the deck736z.The entire apparatus may autonomously be configured to rotate; turn; to face the oncoming wind. Enabled by means of automated sensors; remote controls and monitoring. While push-button operations of automated systems simplified operational use. Optionally, turbine generators921may be covered up with flat pieces of panel materials924. This may be feasible when energy production exceeds propulsion and storage needs. For example: in gale force wind. With the vessel moving full speed ahead; and the grid storage systems910a;910bfully charged. So instead of generating excess energies which can't be used or stored. Swapping of generation apparatus920e;920f;with traction apparatus920e′;920f′. Conversion of panels920from a means of energy generation into a means of traction may prove to be a logical choice.

The panels920of the wind-turbine-generator system may be configured from; (1) Solid pieces of materials fitted with a multitude of wind or tidal turbine generators921. (2) Assisted by means of sail fabrics877and poles922; which may be extended and used to capture; divert wind current during favorable conditions. (3) Inflatable and deflate-able balloon-like shaped; segmented sail fabrics; pliable materials420z; inside rectangular blocks930;930′; made of Dyneema; Spectra; Kevlar; etc. (4) Blocks930;930′ comprising large rectangular pieces of materials made from PVC; polymers; plastics; composites; etc. The large pieces/or blocks930;930′; are inflexible and impervious. Blocks930;930′; may be configured: with flat-surfaces; thick solid pieces; slabs; hollow in the middle of the rectangular-shaped block (930′); perforated; foam type; etc. Blocks930may be configured with a plurality of turbine generators921mounted on it. While “solid”-looking blocks930′ maybe configured as flat-surfaced pieces with a hollow internal. Forming solid-looking flat-surfaced building blocks which may be extended or retracted. These hardware building blocks maybe configured such that each segment maybe collapsed and slotted into the other segment. Or the segments maybe pushed out; extended when needed. For ease of storage and utility purposes the whole apparatus maybe configured to be extendable and retractable. The air-ribs277z; air-pillars420z; maybe pumped and blown-up using compressed air via hoses413to provide support for the wind turbine-generators921; embedded into apparatus920e;920f.Air-ribs277z; air-pillars420zmay also be configured into the hardware building blocks930;930′; for extending the slotted-in blocks930configured with multiple turbine-generators921. Retracting said blocks930into the hollow blocks930′ maybe done by gravity; embedded lines887; motorized mechanical means893; etc. Additional support maybe provided by means of pneumatic or hydraulic jacks619z; extendable and retractable crane booms619z; etc. configured into the apparatus. All apparatus920a;920b;920c;920d;920e;920f;etc. may be configured as compact modular units; for ease of mobility; mobilization; demobilization. Preferably: foldable; collapsible; extendable; retractable; ease of handling; dismantling; removal for storage by means of forklift; jibs on deck736z;motorized893wheels882. And when required they may be brought to designated sites, securely locked in place; tied-down; set-up; erected and deployed for use. All apparatus may also be flexibly adjusted; or remotely controlled by means of motorized-mechanical means to face desirable directions favorable for optimized extraction and conversion of wind and tidal energies. Supporting structures and apparatus may comprise: pneumatic; hydraulic systems and crane booms619; embedded into the deck. They may be extended for use; retracted and stored when required. Wind energies may be harnessed at all times. Whereas tidal energy may need to be harnessed selectively; dependent upon tidal flow versus the direction of ship movement; or at berth. Conversion of existing vessels may expedite evolution of more green vessels. Components of system900may also be selectively adapted to benefit coastal transport such as: boats; ferries; skips; jiffs; fishing boats; etc. Likewise instead of ships; specially configured tracked; wheeled land vehicles equipped with preferred wind energy extraction-conversion systems; and energy storage system (disclosed above); and electrified propulsion system. May be configured for providing mobility over large barren expenses of flat surface such as: deserts; snow fields; ice-fields of the Arctic or Antarctic regions. For use in scientific survey; expeditions; studies.

FIG. 3Killustrates use of sustainably generated fuel comprising: compressed hydrogen liquified hydrogen; derived from electrolysis of water using renewable energies. Including conversion of green hydrogen into ammonia. Which may then be liquified, containerized for distribution and use. Presently, due to the inherently high risks and hazards involved in handling of these chemicals. Extreme safety precautions and limitations are placed on their utility purposes. Often by force of local safety regulations and laws. This is good for the safety of the public. But at the same time, such restrictions goes contrary to widespread public adoption and utilization of new products and systems. This maybe mitigated by means of extremely robust design standard; configurations in the fabrication of containerized eco-systems; safety and health precautions; creating a large base of trained personnel; handling instructions; public awareness, education and promotion; etc. Just like the use of hydrocarbon based fuels and products by the public, such as: diesel; gasoline; aviation fuels; LPG cylinders (cooking, heating); domestic and industrial piped natural gas networks; etc.

The fossil fuels we used in our daily lives are not without risks and hazards. But with adequate safety precautions, trained personnel; hazard awareness; robust system designs, etc. they can be handled and used safely. Green hydrogen or green ammonia may also be packed; stored; transported; and distributed in containerized form to customers; consumers; for use. Much alike the use of LPG containers. Customized containers specially configured for hydrogen gas may/would be used. Likewise specialized adaptors; fittings; hoses; etc. maybe configured for use with hydrogen gas. Including procedures; instructions; hazard awareness; hands on practical training; in handling; storage; transport; utility. Likewise a similar set up may be required for liquified ammonia; albeit a with a less stringent criteria for ammonia due to different inherent risks and hazards involved. Containerized storage; transport and distribution would enable speedy adoption of these new energy carriers: hydrogen and ammonia. A global infrastructure exists for ammonia handling, transportation and distribution. But non-existent for hydrogen at present. A new infrastructure may be developed for hydrogen in future. Optionally, hydrogen may ride on the existing ammonia infrastructure by means of conversion into ammonia until such time. Convenience; availability; pricing; ease of utilization; spare containers for back-up; plug and use concept; extended range; continuous use; etc. would be the main determinants in customer acceptance. In comparison with the present limitations of making compressed hydrogen or liquid hydrogen being confined to a few specialized kiosks or depots.

FIG. 4Aillustrates an encapsulating vacuum system940; configured to protect; and to keep the generation unit777zof a nacelle; in a safe condition. Purpose of system940being to avoid; to eliminate: the occurrence of electrical sparking; flash-arcing in the highly energized electrical power generation equipment; components; and apparatus. Vacuum system940may also be used together with like: high energy; high voltage; electrical switch-gears; transmission equipment; etc. Occurrence of such electrical sparks; flash-arcs may cause: electrical explosions; fires; severe damage to equipment and properties; system down-time. And severe personal injuries; deaths.

A generator unit777vzincluding planetary gear830; maybe kept sealed inside an enclosed housing structure939. Surrounded by a specially created vacuum cavity940′; or a semi-vacuum cavity940′; to avoid formation of electrical sparks; flash-arcs. The external housing structure939being configured to withstand the atmosphere pressure on the external surface; versus a vacuum condition on the internal surface (cavity940′). Such that the enclosed generation unit777vzwithin shall exist; and be maintained in a permanent state of vacuum; or a state of partial-vacuum when it is in operation. Such a vacuum condition minimizes; eliminates the high risks; and hazards related to electrical sparking; flash-arcing; induced fires and explosions. Thus safe-guarding the safety; integrity; reliability of high-tension generation units. Similar concepts for creating such a vacuum enclosure940may be applied to and used for other electrical switch-gear equipment; and related electrical facilities. Chemical based spark; flash-arcing; suppressants exists. And may be used to ensure safety of equipment and personnel. However, such chemicals possess inherent disadvantages. When leaked, they are hazardous to the environment; and exacts a very high environmental cost. Whereas system940provides an alternative, non-hazardous solution; which might be more costly to implement. But which in itself carries minimal; in fact, zero inherent risk; zero hazard. The paramount selection criteria for such safety equipment or materials being to: (a) cause NO harm. (b) bring required benefits. Related auxiliary equipment of system940may comprise of: multi-layered seals935; packings935′; sealing-rings935; installed on shaft936; sealant tank937; vacuum tank938; vacuum-compressor-unit941′; back-up vacuum unit941″; level sensor942; pressure sensor943; pressure transmitter943′; and a computerized safety-integrity-management-system (SIMS)944. System944may be used for: remote monitoring; alarms; alerting human operators; and an autonomous safety shut down system for faulty equipment. The housing structure939may be supported by solid struts939′. Vacuum system940may also be used with other generation units such as:585z;590z;777z; etc.

A brief description; and a standard operating philosophy of system940maybe outlined here. When a leak occurs in the sealing system comprising a plurality of seals935; packings935′; or sealing-rings935; etc. installed on the axle or shaft936; of the generator777z.Sealing fluid present in the pressurized sealant tank937; automatically goes into the leaking seals935; packings935′; replenishing lost fluid to stop the leak. As a result the level in the sealant tank937drops. This change in level is transmitted to the SIMS computer944; by means of electronic signals. Vacuum cavity940′ is linked to vacuum tank938by means of hard piping945. Air leakage from the external environment into the vacuum cavity940′ causes a loss of vacuum; and a corresponding rise (an increase) in the pressure of the vacuum tank938. This change in tank938vacuum is fed-back and transmitted by pressure transmitter943′ to the SIMS computer944. When the vacuum pressure of tank938reaches a pre-set parameter; a pre-determined set point; due to this ingress of air. By means of electronic signals; the SIMS computer944activates the vacuum-compressor-unit941′ to run. To reduce the tank938pressure; to re-establish the required vacuum parameter; setting. Preference would be given to run the electric driven vacuuming unit941′ powered by means of batteries or renewable energies. To reduce the required vacuum condition in vacuum tank938; to its pre-determined set-point. If for whatever reason unit941′ fails to run. Then the back-up vacuum unit941″ powered by means of bio-diesel or blended-diesel; would be activated by the SIMS computer944to re-establish the vacuum pressure in tank938. SIMS computer944then stop unit941′;941″.

Such a dedicated vacuuming system940may be configured; integrated into the generation unit777vzof the nacelle from the design stage. Such that the external housing structure939and the generator body777vzmay be integrated into a single unit. Only the multiple seals935; and packings935′; need to be directly integrated with the shaft936. This is the one and only interface between the internal vacuum versus the external atmosphere. Sealant tank937; and SIMS computer944may be configured next to the seals935. The other components comprising: vacuum tank938; vacuum-compression unit941′;941″; maybe configured at besides generator unit777vz.

Optionally, in a renewable energy farm setting; where multiple generators:777z;777vz; standard generators473z; of wind and tidal turbines471z; exists. All of these generation units may configurably; be integrated and combined to be served by a single vacuuming unit940. This centralized vacuuming system940may be configured with a much larger capacity; including up-sized: vacuum tank938; vacuum-compressor units941′;941″; and additional components. When a leak is detected in the system following a drop in the sealing fluid level942in individual tank937. For example: generator unit 1 (identified by number: G1). This change in level is transmitted to SIMS computer944; and maybe used to indicate; identify; pin-point the particular; specific faulty seal; or unit monitored under system940. All units may be identified by means of designated numbers such as: G1; G2; G3; G4; G5; etc. And the automated valves identified as: V1; V2; V3; V4; V5; etc. maybe remotely operated (closed; opened) by computer944sequentially. This may be used to determine leakage from the specific seals of the plurality of generator units from: G1 to G5; etc. In case of a severe leak in G1; SIMS computer944would shut the automated valve V1; and also trigger the shut-down of the whole generation unit777vz(G1); including the front-end energy extraction component by means of declutching and feathering the conversion systems. For example: wind turbine471z; or tidal turbine471z.

FIG. 4BandFIG. 4Cillustrates optional configurations ofFIG. 3AandFIG. 3B. In which an existing fossil-fuels-burning vessel901; maybe speedily transformed into a zero-emission-vessel ZEV-901. Without any retrofit or major modifications. Only minor adaptations may be made to hook-up vessel901with twin units of specially configured, dedicated, zero-emission-vessels ZEV-tug boats946p;946s;located port and star board. By means of extended bars947; and vertical traction masts948; forming a trimaran. Such that the specialized; customized ZEV-tug boats946p;946s;may impart its renewable energies derived mobility-propulsion means (920;930;477z; etc.) to the main vessel901; with its carbon guzzling (polluting) engines shut-off. ZEV-tug boats946p;946s;may be located at the fore; front of vessel901pulling it by means of a tow line. Or, it may be located at the aft; stern of vessel901; pushing it from behind. Avoiding the need for901to run its polluting engines; which may be kept in reserve. At berth in port the ZEV-tug boats946p;946s;maybe disconnected from vessel901; for ease of cargo handling. Then reconnected up again outside of the anchorage areas. Extension bars947; traction masts948; maybe configured to be extendable; retractable; much alike hydraulic booms619z.In practice, extension bars947maybe brought in proximity to traction masts948. And connected together mechanically by means of clamps; and/or bolts and nuts; etc.

FIG. 4Bshows the rear view of a vessel901flanked port and starboard by twin ZEV-tug vessels946p;946s;transmitting their propulsive power by means of a plurality of extended traction bars947; and vertical traction masts948. ZEV-tug vessels946p;946s;maybe configured with a multitude of airborne wind turbine generators800z;800bz;800az; and seaborne tidal generators800z; etc. for generating electricity to power the prime movers905;912;906. Including components of: energy generation system920; energy storage systems910a;910b; energy conversion system:902;903;904′;509z;907;549z;918;704z;908;909; and propulsion systems:904″;905;583z;586z;912;906. OptionallyFIG. 4Cshows a vessel901outfitted; hooked up with twin detachable outriggers949p;949s;connected by means of a plurality of extended bars947; mast948. The twin outriggers949p;949s;maybe configured with a multitude of panels920(920ato920d) mounted with wind and tidal powered generators921; traction apparatus930(920e;920f); etc. providing propulsion for mobility of vessel901. Thus extending its energy mining acreage; area of coverage; increasing its volume of renewable energies extraction. High up into the atmosphere by means of flying drones800zcum windbags30z. Deep into the ocean by means of diving tidal energy extraction apparatus800zcum tidal-bags40z. Instantaneously transforming vessel901from a dirty, polluting carbon-emitting vessel into a clean, zero-emission vessel ZEV-901.

The aviation industry accounts for around 2-3% (915 million tons); out of a total of 43 billion tons of all human-induced CO2 emission in 2019. Including global emission of: 9% SOx; 18-30% NOx. The aviation industry had pledged to halve net CO2 emission by 2050. Around 80% of aviation CO2 emissions are emitted from long range flights of over 1,500 km. Decarbonization of the aviation industry may be enabled by means of unique ecosystems specifically developed to cater to the needs of this global sustainability requirement. To be free from being enslaved; freed from the shackles of dirty fossil fuels. Humanity needs to resolve issues related to supply of fuel; storage; logistics; etc. such as: (1) Development of renewable hydrogen industry in ensuring a reliable supply of cheap green H2. (2a) Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC); Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC); Hybrid-SOFC; electrified propulsion systems; (2b) Gas turbine engine propulsion systems using a green hydrogen-methane blend, initially as propellent for the hybrid gas turbine engines; gradually moving to 100% green H2. (3) Storage of fuel on aircraft. Storage of compressed hydrogen may only suffice for short range flights. While storage of liquid hydrogen for the entire long distance flight may entail voluminous cryogenic tanks (−253 deg. C). Use of liquid ammonia for inflight conversion into hydrogen for propulsion may offer a safer option; less technical-engineering challenges; enabling 1.5 times more hydrogen storage capacity; in comparison with using liquified hydrogen. (3a) Hydrogen to power hydrogen fuel cell—electrified propulsion system. (3b) Hydrogen to power specifically configured gas turbine engines with 100% hydrogen gas. Optionally refueling of green or synthetic aviation fuel (kerosine) may also be done such as: Jet A-1; JP-8. For safety purposes; and to reduce weight and space, carriage of cryogenic (−253 degrees Celsius) liquid hydrogen abroad may, preferably be limited in quantity. This limitation may be resolved by refueling stops. And where this stop-over is not possible; or infeasible: for example, in the middle of the ocean; airborne refueling systems may be used to resolve such deficiencies. (4) A viable airborne refueling and top-up system enabled by means of: (4a) A standard airborne refueling system similar to a flying tanker used by the national Airforce of numerous countries to resupply military aircrafts while in active flight. Requiring advanced technological guidance; precision aerial techniques; skills and training of the air crew. (4b) An airborne drone based ecosystem950: centered around an airborne tanker951; which may be configured to carry multiple units of: drone952mounted cylinder953filled with aviation fuel. Said ecosystem950maybe specifically configured for delivering green liquid hydrogen954; green liquid ammonia954; green aviation fuel (JP-8; Jet A-1)954; to refuel aircrafts955requiring top-up. Airborne tanker951may be configured with a cryogenic tank cum associated refrigeration system for handling liquid hydrogen; which maybe transferred into drone952mounted cylinder953shortly before its release from airborne tanker951; then flying to deliver its cargo954to refueling aircraft955.

Such an eco-system950; may be configured for refueling long range flights of over 1,500 km. As this sector is responsible for around 80% of aviation CO2 emissions in 2019 (915 million tons). Carrying a full load of liquid aviation fuel such as green JP-8; Jet A-1; maybe a normal practice at present.

However, for aircrafts to fly fully laden with voluminous cryogenic tanks (−253 deg. C) of liquified hydrogen for the entire journey. Imposes an undue safety burden that might well be dispensed with; by means of mid-air refueling ecosystem950. As an aircraft carrying a partial amount (for example: half-load) of liquified hydrogen fuel, maybe viewed more favorably in terms of safety. Particularly in mitigating the high risks; hazards; and safety concerns associated with liquified hydrogen under cryogenic conditions. Such an optional arrangement thus reduces the weight; and storage space of liquid H2 fuel carried abroad. Which might be repurposed for other uses. Likewise, sustainably manufactured liquid ammonia; JP-8; Jet A-1; may also be delivered for top-up by means of eco-system950.

FIG. 5Aillustrates such a system950; wherein, said airborne tanker951; carries a plurality of specially configured UAVs; drones952integrated, mounted with fuel cylinders953; canisters953; fuel tubes953; maybe used to safely transport and deliver; a cargo of green, zero-emission aviation fuels954. The fuel cylinders953may contain green: compressed hydrogen; liquified hydrogen; liquified ammonia; liquified bio-methane; liquified synthetic-methane; etc. Other fuel-cargo supplied may comprise green synthetic kerosine such as: JP-8; Jet A-1; etc. The compatible fuel supplied by ecosystem950to the refueling aircraft955may be used directly with the ICE engine; gas turbine engine; or, undergo conversion into electricity by means of: PEM-Catalytic-Filter908unit; Hydrogen-Fuel-Cell stacks909unit; SOFC909unit; to drive electric power plants905; etc. Including other means of conversion and propulsion that future R&D may uncover. Airborne tanker951may maneuver into an optimal position; flying at a slightly higher altitude, behind the refueling aircraft955. Refueling aircraft955may slow down to a minimum cruising speed. The flying drone-cylinder952;953; maybe released/or dropped from the belly of the airborne tanker951. Opens up its folded wings956and control surfaces957; starts its engines970; aiming in the direction of refueling aircraft955. Optionally, drone-cylinder952;953; may be held by mechanical appendages; lowered through the open trapdoor of the belly of tanker951. Opens up its folded wings and control surfaces; start its engines970; before being released by the mechanical appendage. Drone-cylinder952;953; flying a short distance from behind, endeavors to catch-up, to meet-up with the designated commercial aircraft955requiring refueling. Guided by advanced avionics; target-identification-locking systems; homing signals emitted by refueling aircraft955. Approaches the belly of refueling aircraft955guided by pre-loaded computer program and AI; homing signals959(radar; sonar; etc.); visual signals961(visible light; UV; IR; etc.) originating, emanating from the underbelly mounted refueling system960. Attaches itself to a specially configured apparatus962; a docking receptacle962located on the underbelly; of refueling aircraft955. Drone-cylinder952;953; may engage with the customized; cup-shaped receptable962configured with a male dry-coupling nozzle963m.Auxiliary appendages964; claw-grippers964; mounted around the edge of receptacle962; may then grab the gripping collar958of drone-cylinder952;953; securely. Physical engagement of drone-cylinder952;953; may also be effected by means of electro-mechanized systems comprising magnetized clamps965; onto the flat surface of the (purposely configured) upwards facing wings956of the drone-cylinder952;953. Other mechanical devices965; artificial arms522z; appendages522z; may also be used. Pulling the nose-cone (location of the female dry-coupling963f) of the drone-cylinder952;953; towards the male dry-coupling nozzle963m(located at the bottom of receptacle962). Once quick dry-coupling connections963m;963f; securely engages; transfer of cargo (fuel954) commences; from cylinder953into the refueling system960; via hoses966; and into the fuel tanks of refueling aircraft955. Once the fuel transfer had been completed; and cylinder953sucked empty. The dry-coupling nozzle963m;963f; components may be disengaged automatically. The grappling appendages964;965; may then disengage to release the empty drone-cylinder952;953; setting it free. Drone cylinder952;953; is autonomously configured to glide back to land at designated drone air-fields. A single airborne tanker951may be logistically configured to re-supply multiple refueling aircrafts955on a single trip. Multiple refueling aircrafts951may also be timed; and scheduled to approach the designated airborne refueling zone in sequential order for top up by means of flying drone-cylinders952;953. Optionally, docking receptacle960may also be configured; located below the wings; or, near to the tail-end section.

In the illustration ofFIG. 5A, a flying drone-cylinder952;953; is shown moving towards engagement with an integrated docking-refueling-transfer station960located underneath the belly of refueling aircraft955. System960comprises of: a cup-shaped apparatus962; supporting struts967;968; shock absorbers969; auxiliary grappling devices965; homing and visual-optical signaling apparatus959;961. Both the drone-cylinder952;953; and refueling aircraft955; are flying. With the former moving slightly faster than the later, swooping in from behind (aft); and from underneath the refueling aircraft955. Guided by advanced electronics; visual-optical signals; drone-cylinder952;953; aims for contact with the cup-like receptacle962. Apparatus962is held in position by means of flexible supporting struts967;968; affixed to and mounted beneath the belly of refueling aircraft955. The structural configuration of the: supporting struts967;968; shock absorber969; and cushion pad958; is designed to absorb the momentary impact caused by contact with the fore nose-cone963fof drone-cylinder952;953. This slight impact may also be used to slot the male coupling963m(base of cup962) and female coupling963f(inside the fore nose cone of cylinder953;) together. A plurality of cup962mounted clamps964may be activated to securely grip a cushion pad958wrapped around the “neck” portion of drone-cylinder952;953. Other appliances on the underbelly of refueling aircraft955may comprise: grappling mechanical appendages964;965; electro-magnetic attachment pads965; etc. for holding onto the body of drone-cylinder952;953; stabilizing it; during the fuel transfer process. Once the male963mand female963fcouplings are slotted together and securely held by: clamps964; grappling appendages965; electro-magnetic pads965; etc. Cargo (fuel) transfer may commence; from the drone-cylinder952;953; by means of couplings963m;963f; and a flexible hose966embedded in the: cup-like apparatus962; supporting struts967;968; belly; tanks of the refueling airplane955. Upon completion of transfer, the coupling connection963m;963f; maybe automatically decoupled. And the drone-cylinder952;953released; dropped; to glide back autonomously to land at drone airfields.

Advanced electronic signaling; tracking systems; active and passive electronic homing systems959;961; based on light; laser; infra-red; ultra-violet; radar; sonar; etc. maybe configured and used for guidance of the flying drone-cylinder952;953. Including publicly available versions of avionics such as target recognition-locking-systems (normally used by the military) for identification purpose; between the drone-cylinder952;953; and the refueling aircraft955. Active homing signals and guidance from the refueling aircraft955to the drone-cylinder952;953; maybe used. Such that the two vehicles meet up with each other in mid-air; engage and successfully transfer the cargo-fuel required to enable refueling aircraft955to complete its journey safely.

Optionally, for larger refueling aircrafts955; specially configured cargo-holds with sliding trap-doors maybe used to take-in the flying drone-cylinder952;953; secure; unload the cargo from the cylinder953; disengage, detach, release the drone-cylinder952;953; through the trap-door; allowing it to return to base. All tasks would be done by means of automated systems without direct human handling. The next drone-cylinder952;953; may now approach the refueling aircraft955; engage with the attachment apparatus960; unload its cargo inside the cargo-holds; disengage; drop through the trap-door; return to base. Optionally, a plurality of drone-cylinder952;953; may be engaged at any one time by the refueling aircraft955. A multitude of drone-cylinders952;953; may be used to deliver cargo-fuel supply one after another. Dry-coupling or quick-coupling connections963specially customized for this task may be used. The last drone-cylinder952;953; inside the cargo unloading hold may be reserved as a spare back-up cylinder. That is, when the fuel tanks are full. Such that at another stage of the journey, when the fuel tanks had been depleted. Then the fuel from the reserve drone-cylinder952;953; may be transferred into the fuel tank. And the drone may accompany the mother-ship to be unloaded at the airport. Optionally, airborne tanker951may be configured with automated drone-cylinder952;953; handling systems. Much alike a bomb dispensing system abroad a bomber aircraft. But in this case, for dispensing of drone-cylinders952;953.

FIG. 6Aillustrates a variant turbine-generator500hwhich may be used for extraction of kinetic energies inherent in wind; marine; hydro-resources; wherein said turbine500hmay be used: (a) alone, individually, by itself; or (b) to constitute generation components of other energy conversion apparatus/specifications of present inventions; (c) such as the generation components921of apparatus920das illustrated inFIG. 6B. The working mechanism of apparatus500hmay comprise: twin counter-rotating sets of blades configured in a dual-plane; in a fore-aft configuration (side-view) with the twin peripheral generation discs493z;494z;overlapping each other. One disc493zinside; another disc494zoutside. The dual rotors rotating in opposite directions generating electricity as disclosed in parent: U.S. Pat. Nos. 10,619,625; 10,808,679. Embedded generation elements incorporated into counter-rotating rotor blades492z; comprising wire coils488z;and magnets489z; may also be used to produce power. Stators497zaffixed to the frame971; in proximity to rotors493z;494z;may also be used to produce power. A conically shaped metal shroud972may be affixed at the fore intake port973to channel and constrict the fluid flow. While a protective shield974protects: the blades of turbine500hfrom: foreign objects; harming wildlife; and maintenance crew from the dangers of mechanical injury. Apparatus920dmay be configured with a multitude of turbines500hfor harnessing wind; marine; hydro energies; with the entire apparatus configured atop a turn-table base881on deck736z;of vessel901. Control surfaces such as fins69z; ailerons406z;maybe used to enable920dto face automatically into the direction of the wind; hydro; marine-tidal current. Optionally, it maybe autonomously maneuvered by means of computerized control systems for optimized output.

FIG. 6Cillustrates the sectional-plan view of a variant apparatus920gofFIG. 6D; which in turn shows the side view of a crescent shaped apparatus920g.A plurality of turbines921may be mounted on the solid panels930. Turbines921may include; and comprise of a plurality of: turbines cum turbine-generators500a;500b;500g;500h; etc. Extendable and retractable framework support619z′;619z″;927′;927″; may be configured to suit the crescent shaped structural configuration of apparatus920g; which may enhance the efficiency; productivity of the system. The entire apparatus920gmay rest atop turntable881; powered by motorized hydraulic mechanism893, on deck736z.

FIG. 6EtoFIG. 6Gillustrates an airborne apparatus8001; a variant of apparatus800c;800d;800e; illustrated in FIG. 8E to FIG. 8M in U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679. Apparatus8001comprises a lite-weight drone integrated with an extendable and retractable windbag30z; mounted on and manipulatively controlled by means of a plurality of rotating drums976′;976″.FIG. 6Eshows the frontal view of apparatus8001with a retracted windbag30z.FIG. 6Fshows the frontal view of apparatus8001with a fully deployed windbag30zcum extended wings69z′;69z″.FIG. 6Gshows the plan view ofFIG. 6F; an airborne apparatus8001with a fully deployed windbag30z. Twin main turbines70zon each of the wings69z′;69z″; maybe supported by smaller peripheral motors70zfor delicate control of apparatus8001. Windbag30zmounted on twin rotatable drums976′;976″; located port and starboard maybe kept in retracted position at all times; except during the power generating run. When it may be fully extended and deployed for the traction cum mobility induced generation of renewable energies; working in tandem with surface based generation system55z.In which conversion and transformation of airborne wind (kinetic) energy into electric energy occurs. Roller motors975′;975″; may operably retract and/or extend bag30zby means of roller drums976′;976″. Whereas drone wings69z′;69z″; may also be configurably extended and retracted accordingly; sliding along the framework of a supporting anchor piece977. Changing profile of the drone enables a smaller body profile during retraction phase of apparatus8001at the end of run (EOR) phase back to base; or return to the starting point. And minimal energy to be expended during the retraction.

Prior to the start of run (SOR) phase, windbag30zwould be kept retracted and wound up by rotatable roller drums976′;976″; and the wings69z′;69z″; also kept retracted. At the SOR phase the windbag30zwould be un-winded by motorized975′;975″; rotatable roller drums976′;976″; and extended. The wings would be extended accordingly by means of air-ribs277zlocated in between wings69z′;69z″. Air-ribs277zmay be inflated with compressed air. The inlet port25zring22zof the windbag30z; may also be inflated with pressurized air: giving it; keeping it in a round shape for maximum aspiration of the moving wind. Thus motion centric propulsion of the drone vehicle8001by means of high altitude wind enables tensional transmission via tether line50z; and transformation of high altitude wind (kinetic) energy into renewable electricity by means of surface based generation system (driven unit55z.) At the EOR phase; when the length of tether line50zin line reel52zwas nearly depleted; the entire apparatus8001would be depowered. The inlet port25zring22zof the windbag30z; and air-ribs277z; would be deflated by the release of air; the windbag30zdeformed; wound up and retracted by means of rotating roller drums976′;976″; driven by roller motors975′;975″. Then the wings would be retracted and air-ribs277zwound up. Followed by the retraction of the drone vehicle back to the SOR point by means of tether line50z; reel52z; driven by retraction motor49z.

FIG. 6Hillustrates a kite-drone apparatus800m;a variant of bag-drone800fas illustrated inFIG. 8Pof U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679; for the traction-generation and conversion of sustainable energies. Comprising of an inflatable kite canopy978; integrated with a drone body99z; winch59z; bridle lines21z; flight control surfaces69z;820z; mounted with turbines70zfor propulsion. Integrated apparatus800m may be used for harnessing high altitude wind energies; wind power. For the traction-generation of renewable and sustainable energies. Kite canopy978may be inflated and extended for the purpose of engaging, entrapping wind energies. It might also be deflated, collapsed, wound-up, bundled-up un-obstructively during retraction of apparatus800m. Kite978may slide independently up and down drone body99zby means of aperture979. It might also be configured to latch onto drone body99zwhen required. Body99zmay be configured with a plurality of turbines70zfor utility purposes. Horizontally configured turbines70z(mounted directly on the body99z) might be used to propel the entire apparatus800m to attain height. While vertically configured turbines70z(mounted on control surfaces69z;820z;) might be used for maneuvering, orienting and controlling the entire apparatus800m for optimizing generation of renewable energies. Flight control surfaces69z;820zmay also be configured to be adjustable relative to the drone body99zwith incorporation of parts818z;819z;820z; for optimization (as illustrated in FIG. 8P of U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning algorithms; software may be developed for maximizing productivity. Enhanced with such flexible capabilities, cum superior airborne controls; apparatus800m maybe used in: (1) linear run; or (2) operated in a plurality ofFIG. 8loops for renewable electricity generation; as is known in the art. Auxiliary equipment such as motorized winch59z; compressed air cylinder203z; flight control electronics; etc. may be borne by the drone body99z.Apparatus800m maybe wholly dependent upon a plurality of turbines70zfor propulsion and mobility. Without using buoyant gas medium like helium; or hydrogen; etc.

FIG. 7AtoFIG. 7Cillustrates a specialized ocean surface based floating drive unit51zin the form of system980a.System980amay be used for marine, ocean surface based traction-generation of tidal renewable energies.FIG. 7Aillustrates apparatus980a(drive unit51z) connected by tether50zto a terrestrial landed; or island based driven unit55z; including counter-rotating generator777vzcum planetary gear830z. Driven unit55zmaybe mounted on a specially adapted wharf or harbor facilities981; securely anchored to the seabed537zby means of piles562zand reinforced concrete base653z.Drive unit51v of apparatus980amay comprise of a flat-topped catamaran vessel747z′;747z″; a trimaran; or a barge840z; mounted with a huge tidal bag40z; connected to driven unit55zby means of a plurality of bridle lines31z; a tether line50z; pillar983; and pulley wheel629z.Bag40zmay be configured to be extendable and retractable; controlled by motorized975; reels976; kept in a canister or container984; with an inlet port area measuring thousands of meters square/or a bag volume comprising thousands of cubic meters. For producing hundreds of megawatts of renewable energies per power generating run. Upon depletion of tether line50zlength; drive unit51zof apparatus980amaybe depowered; and retrieved back to the wharf981; and in proximity to driven unit55zby means of the retract line R33z; reel R52z; retract motor R49z; pillar983; pulley629z.And prepared for the next, subsequent power generating run.

FIG. 7BandFIG. 7Cillustrates a variant ofFIG. 7A; wherein, drive unit51zin the form of apparatus980amay be used in tandem with a driven unit55zmounted on an ocean, surface based floating system comprising of a floating pontoon840zmounted on catamaran747z; configured for the conversion of tidal energies.FIG. 7Bshows the side view;FIG. 7Cshows the plan view. Floating pontoon840zmaybe securely anchored to the seabed537zby means of lines295zand line hub982. During the power generation run, the bag40zassociated with system980a(drive unit51z) would be fully deployed; with its inlet port ring22zinflated; keeping inlet port25zfully open. Aspirating a full load of tidal flow, propelling it along. When the length of tether line50znears exhaustion/or is depleted, drive unit51zmaybe depowered by means of retract line R33z; retract motor R49z; line reel R52z; pillar983; pulley wheel629z.Apparatus980a(51z) flips to one side, such that the twin catamaran hulls747z′;747z″; are aligned with the tidal flow. And drive unit51zmay then be speedily retrieved back to the vicinity of pontoon840z; or wharf981. Apparatus980amay also be configured with independent means of motorized propulsion for depowering; and for speeding up the return trip. Such means may comprise of: fan boats; airboats; the hulls of catamaran747z′;747z″; might also be configured with hydro-foils. Enabling faster turn-around of apparatus980a.

FIG. 7DandFIG. 7Eillustrates apparatus980b,a variant surface based configuration of980aofFIG. 7AtoFIG. 7C; comprising: tidal bags40z; cum drone body747z′;747z″ system illustrated in:FIG. 11AtoFIG. 11C; andFIG. 5EtoFIG. 5F; as disclosed in parent U.S. Pat. 10,808,679.FIG. 7D and 7Eillustrates a reconfigured trimaran apparatus740v;comprising a plurality of floating bodies:741z;747z′;747z″; or, a plurality of pontoon bodies840z; forming the drive unit51zof a tidal traction-generation apparatus980b.Trimaran apparatus980bmay be connected together and operably manipulated by means of twin cross-bars652z′;652z″; hydraulic arms619zmounted fore and aft flexible bolts and nuts985. Said power generation system comprising: Drive unit51z; and Driven Unit55z.

Drive Unit51zmay comprise of: specialized floating platforms980a;980b; configured with computerized drone capabilities; artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine-Learning. Driven unit55zmay comprise: line reel52z; gearbox53z;587z; generator54z;585z;590z;777z;777vz(configured with planetary gears830z); retract motor R49z; retract line reel R52z; and retract line R33z.FIG. 7Dillustrates a demobilized retraction phase, non-productive apparatus980b; before the start-of-run (SOR) phase.FIG. 7Eillustrates the active mobilized power-run phase; with the tidal bag40zspread out and extended below the body of trimaran980b.Wherein, said tidal bag40zengages the tidal flow; moving along with its current; pulling tether line50z; said tensional forces created powering generation system55z; producing electricity. Tidal bag40zmay be configured in a shallower version as indicated by the dotted lines40z′; or in a deeper full body version as indicated by dotted lines40z″ for creating a greater momentum due to a larger volume of sea water carried by bag40z. A hard-wire command-control signal transmission system may be integrated into the tether line50z. Wireless transmission for control of drone apparatus980bmay be located in the cabin986. Whereas the master controls would be located on surface platform840z; or wharf981with generation apparatus55zcum supporting systems.

At the end-of-run (EOR) phase; apparatus980a;980b(drive unit51z) maybe depowered by flipping; turned around by means of retract line R33z; retract motor R49z; retract line reel R52z. Thus spilling the content of the tidal flow from bag40z. In an optional configuration. After depowering, drive unit51zcomprising apparatus980a;980bmay be decoupled from the tether line50z; by means of automated controls; and line50zretracted back to wharf981; platform840zseparately by means of motorized line-reel52z. Apparatus980a;980bmaybe retracted back by means of motorized retract winch R49z; retract line R33zstored in retract line-reel R52z. The full spool (reel)52zof tether line50zthat had been retracted; may then be attached to a: “fresh”; “spare”; or “standby” apparatus980a′;980b′; for the next power generating run.

Surface platform for generation of ocean sustainable energies may comprise of: (1) Fixed legs291zplatforms290z; (2) Structures771zaffixed to the seabed537z.Floating systems tethered to the seabed537zby means of anchoring system660z; and lines295z; such as: (3) Floating platforms:292z;293z;294z;(4) Floating Spar structures607z; (5) Pontoons840z; ships740zcum out-riggers747z; trimaran741z;747z′;747z″. Including (6) Shore or land based facilities981; for mounting Driven Units55zand related supporting apparatus; in tandem with mobile drone Drive Units51z.

FIG. 7Fillustrates a variant980cofFIG. 7DtoFIG. 7E; showing the front view of drone apparatus980cconfigured with a tidal bag40zin the water column852z; beneath the surface621zof the sea. Tidal bag40zmaybe retracted, stored and kept in cylindrical capsules or containers984′;984″; and extended for use when required. Inlet port25zring22zof bag40zmaybe inflated by compressed air and/or water for maintaining its turgidity; and for keeping it fully open. The outriggers747z′;747z″; (or pontoons840z′;840z″;) located port and starboard of the trimaran741z; maybe supported by cross-bars652z′; extendable and retractable arms619zmanipulated by means of mechanical (hydraulic; pneumatic) systems. Said outriggers747z′;747z″; may also be configured into a multi-apparatus system as illustrated inFIG. 7J. It may also be configured to form a triangular shape with a large fore inlet port25z; and a narrower aft portion989as illustrated inFIG. 7K; and an enclosed tidal bag40z. Optionally, it may be configured with a tidal turbine:471z;500az;500bz.

FIG. 7Gillustrates an variant configuration980d; of the drone apparatus980cofFIG. 7F; wherein, the trimaran comprising central body741zbearing control capsule986; may be supported by port and starboard outriggers747z′;747z″. Capsule984′;984″; containing tidal bag40z; maybe integrated with twin port and starboard floats987′;987″; and attached to floating platform980dby means of a plurality of extendable and retractable poles893z; or arms893z.Such that the tidal bag40zmay be lifted up; or be completely submerged below the water surface621z; inside the water column852z(variable buoyancy). Enabled by means of arms893z; or hydraulic; or pneumatic; operated arms619z; controlling said plurality of mounting-cum-supporting poles893z.Floats987′;987″; maybe inflated with air or water for use; deflated, collapsed and retrieved together with tidal bag40zfor storage onboard pontoon840zor trimaran741z;747z′;747z″. The bag container984′;984″; ballast apparatus987′;987″; may be configured in the form of cylindrically shaped capsules for storing: a motorized975reel976; bag40zmaterials; ballast capabilities for the creation of variable buoyancy enabling the apparatus to surface/or to submerge as per operational requirement. Capsule987′;987″; may also be internally configured with a plurality of buoyancy and ballast sections/chambers. Such that each section may variably be filled with air or water as required.FIG. 7Hillustrates the integrated capsule, container984(for storing bag40z) and float987ofFIG. 7G. Motorized975roller drum or reel976maybe operated to retract or extend bag40zmaterial when required.

FIG. 7IandFIG. 7Jillustrates a variant configuration980eof drone apparatus980dofFIG. 7G.FIG. 7Ishows the front view of a single unit of tidal turbine-generator500az;500vz;471z; attached to twin floats987′;987″; vertically oriented, submerged in the water column852; in power run mode. When it is horizontally oriented the turbine-generator is depowered (as shown in the plan view ofFIG. 7J). Means of flipping said turbine-generator between the vertical and horizontal positions maybe configured into system980e.Supported by twin port and starboard floats987′;987″; the turbine-generator maybe attached to floating platform980eby means of a plurality of extendable and retractable poles893z; or arms893z; operably controlled by means of hydraulic system comprising: motorized body757z; booms758z;sliding sleeve759z; (refer toFIG. 5G; US Pat10808679.) Twin catamaran747z′;747z″; and main cabin986maybe connected together by means of fore and aft cross-bars652z′;652z″.

FIG. 7Jshows a plan view of system980eofFIG. 7I. A plurality of demobilized tidal turbine-generators500az;500vz;471z; horizontally disposed abroad floating platform980e.Integration of turbine-generators500az;500vz;471z; with twin catamaran floats987′;987″; enables deployment of a self-supporting, buoyancy neutral apparatus when immersed in water. Which does not impose any load on the floating platform980e.The turbine-generator:500az;500bz;471z; may be configured to be flip-able. Such that relative to the horizontal position of the twin catamaran747z′;747z″; turbine generator500az;500bz;471z; may be aligned horizontally (depowered mode); vertically (power generating phase); or diagonally, as desired. Tidal vanes and ducts615zat the sides maybe used to divert tidal flow into the hydro turbines-generators500az;500bz;471z.Thus upon demobilization, turbine-generator500az;500bz;471z; may be aligned in a horizontal position; flipped facing upwards or downward. Allowing ease of inspection; servicing; minor repairs; etc. to be done. Floats987may be configured with variable buoyancy by means of varying the amount of air to water ratio; inflation pressure; flexible size of floats987; extendable and retractable float body configuration; etc. Multiple units of tidal turbines:471z;500az;500bz; etc. maybe mounted on the supporting system created by apparatus980efor surface deployment. Enhancing conversion and production of sustainable tidal energies. In another embodiment, said plurality of extendable and retractable arms893z; and hydraulic system comprising: motorized body757z; booms758z;sliding sleeve759z; maybe configured to lift the tidal turbines:471z;500az;500bz; vertically up above the water surface621z.And when required lowered vertically downwards for submergence into water column852z. In another variant configuration, a standard turbine471z; may be configured with extended transmission shafts691;692; counter-rotating generator777vz(777z;830z). Wherein, generator777vzmay be surface mounted; kept securely inside module986; and thus, kept dry and isolated from the corrosive external ocean environment.

FIG. 7Killustrates the plan view of variant configuration980fof drone apparatus980bofFIG. 7DandFIG. 7E. Wherein the inlet port25zof said drone tidal bagged apparatus980fmay be configured to widen (extend); and to close (retract) by means of two elongated, mechanized booms988′;988″; resting on and supported by a pair of outriggers747z′;747z″; located port and starboard of the main trimaran body741z; or pontoon840z. InFIG. 7K, the solid lines of booms988′;988″; indicates the power generating phase. While the dotted lines of booms988′;988″; indicates its retracted phase. Booms988′;988″; may also be configured with an extendable and retractable length; such that maximum boom length equates to the maximum configurable inlet port25zwidth. Booms988′;988″; and outriggers747z′;747s″; maybe configured to: (1) carry a tidal bag40zonly; (2) carry a tidal bag40zintegrated with a tidal turbine500az;500vz;471z; etc. at the narrower aft portion989of said bag. Said apparatus may be configured such that when the booms are in an open position, the tidal turbine500vzmaybe deployed in a frontal facing position to generate power. Conversely, upon retraction of the booms, the tidal turbine500vz′ may be configured to slide side-ways in between the twin booms. Into a parallel position in line with the twin booms988′;988″; and thus the depowered position (please refer to the dotted lines of booms988′;988″). In case of option (1) tidal bag40zonly; apparatus980fmay be configured alikeFIG. 7DtoFIG. 7G; working in tandem with surface floating platform840z; or landed wharf981; based generation system55z.In case of option (2) integrated tidal bag40zcum tidal turbine500az;500vz;471z; system980fmay be configured as a standalone unit. The trimaran booms747z′;747z″; body741zor840zmay be securely affixed by means of lines295z; to the seabed537zbased anchoring apparatus660z. Or. Attached to a monopole788zaffixed into the seabed537z.Enabling means for operating apparatus980fmay comprise: hydraulic system757z;619z; etc. Bag40zmaterials may be wound up by means of motorized975rollers976configured inside booms988′;988″; and stored inside its hollow cavity. Optionally, components984;987; maybe embedded into booms988′;988″. When required for use, said bag40zmaybe deployed for engaging and capturing tidal current. All systems above maybe configured to be fully manned to start with; transitioning into semi-manned/semi-automated; then ultimately, to be fully automated with AI; Machine Learning algorithms; etc. The preferred mode for all apparatus and systems of present invention being: remote controlled; monitoring by fixed cameras; mobile surveillance drones, etc. and periodic human checks.

FIG. 7Lillustrates the front view of a variant drone configuration980g; of drone apparatus980c;980dofFIG. 7FandFIG. 7G. Wherein said variant drone980gmay be configured without horizontal supporting bar652z; or twin vertical arms893z.Drone system980gmay be configured with: (a) A flexibly attached tidal bag40z; supported by (b) Trimaran741z;747z′;747z″; securely connected by lines21zof winches59z; floating on the sea surface621z; and a plurality of (c) Specialized underwater drone apparatus991;991′;991″; at the submerged bottom portion of the apparatus. Said sea drones991equipped with dive control surfaces69z; and means of propulsion70z; may also be configured; and integrated with means to perform the functions of bag container984′;984″; ballast apparatus987′;987″; (referFIG. 7H); for operational control of tidal bag40z.Likewise, the functions of said bag container984′;984″; ballast apparatus987′;987″; may also be integrated into the bodies of trimaran741z;747z′;747z″; located on the surface. Said bag40zmay be configured with an extremely large, rectangular shaped fluid inlet port22zmeasuring: hundreds of meters in length and breath. Capable of producing hundreds of mega-watts of electricity per power generating run. During the retraction phase, the entire apparatus would be demobilized; all components retrieved and assembled together on the sea surface. Such that bag40zmaterials may be retracted, the plurality of underwater drones991surfaces; packed and bundled together with the trimaran741z;747z′;747z″; for the return/or retraction trip.

Inlet port ring22zand air-ribs277zused to enable bag40zto maintain its operational shape may be inflated by means of bottled air in cylinders203zvia hoses204z;and pressure regulating system266z;279z; for keeping the desired, configured shape of the inlet port25z; required for its intended utility purpose. Inlet port ring22zmay operably be pressurized or depressurized as and when required by means of local or remote controlled-automated systems266z;279z; (refer FIG. 8C; FIG. 12J; U.S. Pat. No. 8,963,362). Whereas ballast component987′;987″; of drone991may comprise auto-controlled submarine buoyancy cum ballast sub-system686z(refer FIG. 3L; U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679); or similar automated remote control systems. Such systems maybe used in tandem with drones991propulsion system70z; and control surfaces69zfor diving or surfacing purposes. During deployment major components of the system comprising: trimaran741z;747z′;747z″; and sea drones991; may be separated from each other. Yet remains inter-connected by means of lines21z; winches59z; bag materials40z; and pressurized inlet port ring22z; air-ribs277z.Upon demobilization all of these components may be retrieved; and assembled in close proximity to each other. The entire drive unit51z; comprising apparatus980gmay then be retracted.

During mobilization, surface components741z;747z′;747z″; maybe separated and pushed away from each other by means of inflating inlet port ring22z. Winch59zlines21zmaybe extended. Underwater drones991;991′;991″; maybe activated to dive and submerge to the full extent (depth) of the inlet port ring22z; and bag material40z. By means of control surfaces69z; turbines70z; and operation of the ballast chambers987. In which air (buoyancy) is displaced by water (diving). Thus enabling drones991;991′;991″; to submerge deep underwater. At the same time bag materials40zstored in containers984′;984″; maybe released by means of motorized975shafts976. Extruding and extending outward, forming the tidal bag40zfor engaging with and capturing tidal flow. The plurality of bridle lines21zattached securely to surface components comprising: trimaran741z;747z′;747z″; and submarine components comprising: submarine drones991;991′;991″; maybe connected to tether line50z; and traction generation system55z; for production of sustainable energies.

When tether line50zhad been depleted during a power generating run, the drive unit51zcomprising system980gmust be depowered, stopped, demobilized and retracted back to the starting point. Depowering may commence with setting free the tether line50z. At the same time, the inlet port ring22z; and air-ribs277zmaybe depressurized by pressure regulating system266z;279z; deforming the tidal bag40z. The surface components741z;747z′;747z″; and submarine drones991; maybe activated to reel in and to retract the bag materials40zinto containers984′;984″. Submarine drone991;991′;991″; would be activated to surface by means of control surfaces69z; propulsion systems70z; and ballast chambers987. Water (diving) is displaced by air (buoyancy) and the components surfaces. Line21zmaybe reeled in by winches59zand all the surface and submarine components may be brought into proximity for the return trip. Apparatus980gmay then be retracted back to system55z.

FIG. 7Millustrates the front view of a variant drone configuration980h; of the drone apparatus980gofFIG. 7L. The surface components of drone980hmaybe a replica of theFIG. 7L. Whereas the submerged component may comprise of a single submarine drone991only. With the entire inlet port25zshaped in the form of a half or semi-circle. Other shapes of inlet port25zsuch as square, trapezoid, etc. may also be configured for use as desired.

FIG. 7N;FIG. 7O;FIG. 7Pillustrates a variant airborne drone apparatus980i;a variant of submarine drone apparatus980gofFIG. 7L.FIG. 7Nillustrates the bottoms-up view of a fully deployed variant airborne drone apparatus980i.WhileFIG. 7Oillustrates the frontal view of a collapsed, retracted apparatus980i.FIG. 7Pillustrates the plan view of container984′ cum wing69z′. Apparatus980imay be comprise: two units of containers984′;984″; configured with flight control surfaces69z; one main turbine70z; and two units of auxiliary turbines70z′;70″; at each end of containers984′;984″. The two units may then be placed one on top of the other.

Such that top unit984′ overlaps the bottom unit984″; connected by a bag40zin between them. One end of bag40zbeing held by container984′; the other end being held by container984″. Bag material40zmaybe extended and fully deployed during mobilization (FIG. 7N); retracted and kept inside container984when demobilized (FIG. 7O). Dual propulsion turbines70z′;70z″; maybe attached by means of flexible joints823zat the periphery of top and bottom container984′;984″. Flexible joints823zenables turbines70z′;70z″; to rotate and to adjust its position with ease. Bag container984may be integrated with winged flight control surfaces69z′;69z″. Main turbines70zlocated amidst the wings69z′;69z″; may provide the main lifting force in attaining altitude. Turbines70zmay also be used during mobilization of bag40z; such that the top wing69′ operably moves upward; while the bottom wing69″ moves downward. Thus pulling the bag out from containers984′;984″; and opening up the fluid inlet port25z.Four bridle lines21zattached to lifting lugs732zat the four corners of container984′;984″; may be affixed to tether line50zat point31z; for the traction-generation of sustainable electricity.

During demobilization this process is reversed as the top and bottom turbines70zoperably moves the wings69z′;69z″; towards each other. Top and bottom containers984′;984″; works to reel in the bag40zuntil they are in close proximity to each other. Separated by stopper pieces992′;992″. At the operating altitude main turbines70z; maybe stopped; and transformed into turbine generators for producing sustainable power. The periphery turbines70′;70″; located at both ends of containers984′;984″; operably assumes fine-tuning of flight adjustment. Keeping the apparatus980iat an optimum angle relative to the wind. The inlet port25zof bag40zfully open.

FIG. 8Aillustrates the perspective view of a floating wind turbine990asupported and sitting on top of a plurality of floating and submerged ballast tanks993′;993;994. Floating ballast tank993′; submerged ballast tank993; maybe horizontally configured. Submerged ballast tank994maybe vertically configured. Vertical tank994may comprise of a SPAR structure; or a plurality of tubular structures; affixed to the ocean bottom537zanchoring system660zby means of lines295z.Optional anchoring points may also comprise underwater reliefs such as seamounts556z;559z; etc. Horizontally configured ballast tanks993′;993; may be hydro-dynamically shaped in the shape of a disc; a semi-disc; or an elliptical-disc structure for supporting the entire mass of the surface turbine structure comprising: pillar469z; and wind turbine471z.Wind turbine471zcomprising: turbine blades472z; nacelle611zcontaining counter-rotating generator777vz; (planetary gears830z; generator777z). Floating ballast tank993′ may be flexibly affixed to pillar469z; enabling it to rise up; sink down; sliding up and down the lower portion of pillar469zas commanded.

The bottom-most portion of pillar469zmay comprise of a ball-like structure995; sitting securely in a round groove995′; of the submerged lower ballast tank993. This enables turbine pillar469za certain amount of forward or backward tilting movement; to move fore and aft. This helps in absorbing the sudden force created by stormy wind blasts; squalls. The pillar469zmay then be up-righted by means of inbuilt mechanisms such as springs; mechanical jacks; lines996; etc. Ballast tank993may be configured internally with a plurality of segmented sections997; separated by walls997′. Sections997maybe filled with ballast water681z; or buoyancy air683z; controlled by automated ballast sub-system686z.

Located below horizontal tank993; a vertically configured submerged ballast tank994may be utilized to support the surface turbine structures. It may also serve as a stabilizer; counteracting; counter-balancing the mass (weight) of the surface turbine structure comprising: pillar469z; turbine blades472z; nacelle611z; and the enormous resultant conversion forces of high velocity wind. SPAR structure994may be partially filled with ballast water681z; and compressed buoyancy air683z.This ballast water681z; and buoyancy air683zmay operably be adjusted by means of automated ballast sub-system686z;artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms; relative to meteorological reports and ambient conditions. Ballast sub-system686zor similar automated systems may be used for supporting, adjusting and controlling the buoyancy of floating tank993′; submerged tanks993;994. Including manipulation of drone control surfaces69zmounted on tanks993;994. Enabling apparatus990ato submerge, sink deeper into the ocean during stormy conditions. With slightly lowered turbine wing tip height. While during fine weather condition with lower wind velocity, buoyancy of apparatus990amay variably be increased enabling it to attain a higher wing tip height. To harness higher velocity wind at greater altitude. Enabling the utility purpose of keeping floating wind turbine system990aoperationally feasible; while enhancing its efficiency and productivity. Use of counter-rotating generator system777vz(generator777zintegrated with planetary gears830z) enables reduction of the power generation system by approximately half (50%) of the total mass of a standard electrical generator. A substantial reduction of 50% generator mass (in nacelle611z) located on top of pillar469zhelps in reducing structural forces, such as strain and stress forces exerted on pillar469z.

FIG. 8Billustrates the perspective view of a floating wind turbine configuration apparatus900b; which is a variant of apparatus900aillustrated inFIG. 8A.FIG. 8Cillustrates the plan view ofFIG. 8B; in which an arrangement of supporting bars998held ballast containers999together. This variant configuration900bis basically similar to apparatus900a;except for the floating sea surface621zcomponents998;999. The floating tank993′ may be replaced by a multitude of horizontal bars998and smaller containers999; surrounding the floating wind turbine471z;469z.Containers999may be arranged in a vertical or horizontal position; and may be configured with variable ballast and buoyancy responsive to changes in the ambient conditions. Such that faced with impending stormy weather, containers999located aft (right hand side of diagramFIG. 8B;FIG. 8C) of the wind turbine471zmay be filled up with more compressed air (water expelled) to increase buoyancy; and the supporting bars998may be extended further backwards (longer); enabling it to withstand a heavier load in storms. When the storm passes and ambient conditions normalizes, the buoyancy of container999; and the length of supporting bar998; may revert back to their previous operating configurations.

FIG. 8Dillustrates the front sectional view of system740z; a variant marine-hydro-kinetic energy conversion apparatus740zwhich is a variant of apparatus740v(Refer to FIG. 5E; and FIG. 5F of parent U.S. Pat. No. 10,808,679).FIG. 8Dillustrates a catamaran747z′;747z″; based system comprising: (1) A split unit turbine cum generator may be configured on outrigger747z′. (2) An integrated unit of turbine cum generator (471z) maybe configured on outrigger747z″. (3) A larger split unit turbine cum generator (similar to the unit on747z′) may be configured mounted on top of deck736zspace in between outriggers747z′;747z″; of the catamaran. The extended shaft691zin protective cover473z; gear-box583z′; and turbine blades472zprojecting downwards through the surface621zof the ocean; and is submerged in the sea water column852z. The top gear-box583z″ and generator777vz(830z;777z) maybe kept securely enclosed in a dry cabin986on the deck736zof apparatus740z.

Tidal turbines471zmay comprise of an integrated unit with turbine blades472v cum counter-rotating generator777vzconfigured for submerged underwater operation. Optionally, split unit tidal turbines may comprise of: turbine blades472v; gear-box583z′; extended shaft691zin protective cover473z; surface (deck736z) mounted gear-box583z″; generator777vz(counter-rotating generator777zintegrated with planetary gears830z). Shaft691zmay be enclosed in protective cover473z.Deck736zmounted generation systems777vz(on outrigger747z′) may be configured of standard materials without water proofing. And thus much cheaper to make; accessible, easier to check, inspect, maintain and repair. That is, if it is compared with the submerged generation unit777vzof integrated turbine generator unit471zmounted on outrigger747z″. Though transmission by means of gear-box583′;583″; and extended shaft691zto generator777vzmay incur some loss of energy; resulting in reduced efficiency and productivity. Each sub-system had its pros and cons. Its a matter of balancing: costs; and practicability versus efficiency; productivity. Submerged components such as turbine blades472z; gearbox583z′; shaft691z; etc. may be lubricated and cooled by the very tidal flow it is harnessing for conversion into renewable electricity.

Mission-Vision Statement: To keep our planet earth live-able; humans must control our emission. We are the problem. We are also the solution! To reduce; eliminate Global Warming; to save our spaceship—Planet Earth from the dangerous effects of Global Climate Change! Global Climate Collapse! The use of drones to serve humanity! To produce clean energy; to preserve clean air and clean water for all of us! They have a direct impact on our personal health and safety. And on our families. We must always remember this. That we have only: One race—Humanity! One planet—Earth! One common Destiny!

We must all work hard to preserve; not destroy, our one and only “live support system”—Earth's biosphere! For in the fate of mother Earth; and in our own hands, lies our common destiny—for all inhabitants of this planet; and future generations of—plants; animals; humans. It is our common duty and responsibility to do our part: innovators, entrepreneurs, financers, governments and NGOs, etc. To Save The World, Our World! “Look high, look far. Our aim the sky, our goal the stars!” To an inventor the sky's the limit.

To Quote: “I don't believe in climate change. Belief doesn't come into it; scientific verification does. Gravity doesn't care whether you believe in it or not. But if you step off a cliff, you're going to go down.”—Dr Katherine Hayhoe, (Climate Scientist, Texas Tech University, USA)

Finally, it is to be understood that various alterations, modifications and/or additions may be introduced into the constructions and arrangements of parts previously described without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention.