Bionic dental implant

A bionic dental implant includes a main root (1), a basal platform (2) and a platform bolt (3). The main root (1) includes a fixing root part (11), a neck part (12) located on the upper end of the fixing root part (11), and a mounting channel (13) located inside the main root (1). An aperture (21) is provided inside the basal platform (2). The platform bolt (3) communicates with the aperture (21) to make the basal platform (2) to be fixed on the main root (1). The main root (1) also includes at least one subsidiary root (4). The main root (1) has the same number of inclined holes (14) as the subsidiary root. The inclined holes (14) form a sharp angle with respect to the mounting channel (13) and communicates with it. The upper ends of the subsidiary roots (4) are fixed inside the inclined holes (14) of the main root.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an artificial dental system, particularly to a bionic dental implant which is implanted into a jaw bone and serves as an artificial tooth root. Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a main root, a subsidiary root and an implanting method which are applied to the bionic dental implant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For the convenience and long-term stability of clinical application, currently, the implant body which is successfully used for so many times by dentists is a cylinder-cone-shaped rotation in-position type implant body which is similar to a natural-tooth-root shape. The shape is an axial-symmetrical-cylinder shaped implant body or a cone-shaped implant body. The surface of the implant body generally has screw threads which can be rotatably positioned at a bone hole of the prepared jaw bone. Therefore, certain initial-stage stability can be obtained. Furthermore, as various methods (such as surface coarsening and plasma spray coating) in which the same jaw bone biological contact area is increased on the surface of the implant body is implemented, the implant body is popularly used in the world currently.

The invention, which has publication No. CN1826089A and name of “dental implant”, discloses a dental implant consisting of a fixing root part, a neck part and a basal platform part. The patent is a classic cylinder-cone-shaped rotation in-position type implant. As being a single-cylinder body or a cone-shaped body, the implant body can not form the mutual tensile action similar to that between a plurality of root teeth of a natural tooth so as to fulfill the anti-rotation and anti-twist function. Only the limited initial fixing action of the threads of the surface of an implant body can not resist various torque force interference produced on the implant body by the teeth on the base of the implant body when food is chewed. Therefore, currently, most of the implant bodies should wait several months after having been implanted into the jaw bone, and the teeth can not be mounted and stressed and can not implement chewing function; otherwise, the organic bone combination on the contact interface between the implant body and the jaw bone will be destroyed, and the implant body will eventually become loosened and the implanting will failed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an artificial dental system, particularly to a bionic dental implant which is implanted into a jaw bone and serves as an artificial tooth root. Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a main root, a subsidiary root and an implanting method which are applied to the bionic dental implant.

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a bionic dental implant similar to the natural tooth root so as to cover the shortages of the prior art. The bionic dental implant not only has good initial stable performance and initial anti-rotation and anti-twist function but also can increase the contact area between the implant body and the jaw bone and increase the success ratio of immediate stress and long-term stability and effectiveness after being implanted.

In order to obtain the above purposes, the technique scheme of the bionic dental implant of the invention is as follows:

A bionic dental implant comprises a main root, a basal platform and a platform bolt. The main root includes a fixing root part, a neck part located on the upper end of the fixing root part and a mounting channel located inside the main root. An aperture is provided inside the basal platform, the platform bolt communicates with the aperture to make the basal platform to be fixed on the main root. The invention is characterized in that the main root also includes at least one subsidiary root, the main root has the same number of inclined holes as the subsidiary root, the inclined holes form a sharp angle with respect to the mounting channel and communicate with it, and the upper end of the subsidiary root are fixed inside the inclined holes of the main root.

As one main embodiment of the invention, a mounting channel of a main root comprises a cone hole, a multi-square hole and a screw hole in the order from the top down. A basal platform comprises a basal platform part, a cone body located at the lower end of the basal platform part and matched with a cone hole and a multi-square body located at the lower end of the cone body and matched with the multi-square hole of the main root. The sides of the multi-square body of the basal platform are provided with a dovetail groove corresponding to the number of a subsidiary root. A dovetail joint matched with the dovetail groove on the multi-square body is provided on the end surface of the subsidiary root of the upper end of the subsidiary root. After the basal platform is inserted into the mounting channel, the dovetail groove on the basal platform and a dovetail joint on the subsidiary root are clamped together. The subsidiary root is fixedly mounted in an inclined hole of the main root. A mounting positioning hole is provided in the end surface of the subsidiary root.

As another embodiment of the invention, a mounting channel of a main root comprises a cone hole, a multi-square hole and a screw hole in the order from the top down. The basal platform comprises a basal platform part, a cone body located at the lower end of the basal platform part and matched with the cone hole of the main root and a multi-square body located at the lower end of the cone body and matched with the multi-square hole of the main root. The sides of the multi-square body of the basal platform are provided with a dovetail joint corresponding to the number of a subsidiary root. A dovetail groove matched with the dovetail joint on the multi-square body is provided on the end surface of the subsidiary root of the upper end part of the subsidiary root. A groove passed through the dovetail joint is provided inside of the multi-square hole of the main root. After the basal platform is inserted into the mounting channel, the dovetail joint on the basal platform and a dovetail groove of the subsidiary root are clamped with each other; therefore, the subsidiary root is fixed and mounted in an inclined hole of the main root. A mounting positioning hole is provided in the end surface of the subsidiary root.

As another main embodiment of the invention, a mounting channel of a main root comprises a cone hole, a multi-square hole and a screw hole. A basal platform comprises a basal platform part, a cone body located at the lower end of the basal platform part and matched with the cone hole of the main root and a multi-square body located at the lower end of the cone body and matched with the multi-square hole of the main root. The upper end part of a subsidiary root is a cone body. The cone body of the subsidiary root gradually becomes bigger along an axis toward the end surface of the subsidiary root. The end surface of the subsidiary root is a concave surface matched with the periphery surface of the cone body of the basal platform. A mounting positioning hole is provided at the end surface of the subsidiary root. The shape of an inclined hole of the main root is a cone hole matched with the cone body of the subsidiary root. After the basal platform is inserted into the mounting channel, the outer surface of the cone body of the basal platform contacts and is matched with the concave surface on the end surface of the subsidiary root. Therefore, the subsidiary root is fixed and mounted in the inclined hole of the main root.

Another purpose of the invention aims at covering the shortages of the prior art and provides a main root applied to a bionic dental implant. The concrete technique scheme is as follows:

The main root is provided with at least an inclined hole. The inclined holes form a sharp angle with respect to a mounting channel and communicate with it. Therefore, the upper end of a subsidiary root is fixed and mounted in the inclined hole of the main root.

Another purpose of the invention aims at covering the shortages of the prior art and provides a subsidiary root of a bionic dental implant. The concrete technique scheme is as follows:

The outer diameter of the upper end of a subsidiary root is matched with the inner diameter of the inclined hole. Therefore, the upper end of the subsidiary root is fixed and mounted in the inclined hole of the main root.

Another purpose of the invention aims at covering the shortages of the prior art and provides an implanting method applied to a bionic dental implant. The concrete technique scheme is as follows:

(1) A hole is drilled by a drilling tool in a jaw bone which is needed to be implanted in advance;

(2) The inner wall of a bone hole is threaded by a threading tool, and a thread hole matched with the outer thread of the main root is formed;

(3) Multi-square holes are connected with each other by a tool. The main root is screwed into the bone hole;

(4) A small drilling tool of which the diameter is mated with the subsidiary root is passed through a mounting channel and a inclined hole and reaches a jaw bone. The hole is drilled obliquely. The drilling depth is the same as the depth by which the subsidiary root is implanted into a jaw bone;

(5) After mounting positioning holes are connected with each other by a mounting positioning tool, a subsidiary root is passed through a mounting channel and a inclined hole and reaches a bone hole, which guarantees the end surface of the subsidiary root and the sides of a multi-square hole of a main root are positioned at the same plane;

(6) A basal platform is placed downwards from a mounting channel. A dovetail groove or a dovetail joint of the sides of a multi-square body is smoothly inserted, is combined with the dovetail joint or the dovetail groove of a subsidiary root and forms a tight tabling. The subsidiary root is fixed and mounted in a inclined hole of a main root;

(7) A bolt of a basal platform is winded up and the above parts form a tight integration one.

The advantages of the invention are that a bionic dental implant of the invention forms at least a multi-dental implant body fixing system which has more than two fixing roots; therefore, it not only forms multi-root plane type resistance distribution which fulfills the tensile action between the roots and resists the chewing and rotation interference but also forms a multi-root steric type resistance distribution. It embodies the physiological feature of the natural tooth of “the bigger the area between the tooth roots is, the more stable the teeth are”. It obviously enhances the initial stability of the implant body. The mutual tensile action between the multi-roots stimulates the bone fibers of a jaw bone, which better accords with the physiological feature of the jaw bone. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of more bone tissue hyperplasia, less absorption and effective enhancement of the combination of the implant body and the bone tissue.

Furthermore, through the change of the angle between a main root and a subsidiary root, the scope of shape of a bionic dental implant almost comprises the shapes of the tooth root structures of various natural teeth. Therefore, the stressed method and the resistance method of the dental implant are more similar to that of the natural physiological status of the natural teeth. As the intersecting implanting method of a subsidiary root and a main root, the lengths, sizes, direction and intersecting parts, intersecting angle of the subsidiary root and the main root, and the inclined angle of the whole implant body can be selected flexibly according to the status, texture, anatomical structure conditions of the bone in the implanted area of a jaw bone before the operation when the bionic dental implant is implanted. Therefore, multiple roots of a steric combinative structure in multiple planes are formed. The potential implanting space in the jaw bone is further widened. Meanwhile, non-damage anatomical structures on the jaw bone such as tubes, cavities and sinuses can be avoided, and the implanting adaptation scope can be widened.

Furthermore, the invention has good initial stability performance and initial anti-rotation and anti-twist performance. It can increase the contacting area between an implant body and a jaw bone. It also increases the success ratio of immediate stress after the implanting and the success ratio of stably fulfilling the chewing action for long term. Particularly, compared with the single implant body of the prior art, because the implanting position of a subsidiary root is more biased toward the inner side and/or the outer side of a jaw bone, the subsidiary root is implanted in cortical bone. And, the subsidiary root is connected with the main root, in which the fixing root part is part of the main root. Therefore, the fixing root part of the implant body is easier to be implanted in the cortical bone in higher bone density and is obliquely and rotatably fixed in the cortical bone, which can obtain bigger fixing force of the high-density bone. Therefore, compared with the single implant body of the prior art and the implant body one part of surface of or most of the surface of which is positioned in the spongy bone with less bone density, the invention has remarkable and good initial stability. Meanwhile, the intersecting implanting technique of multiple roots of the invention effectively embodies the biomechanical features of mutual tension, mutual support and commonly resisting the resolution of the lateral torque force when the chewing force is held between a plurality of the dental roots of natural teeth. Therefore, it not only increases the initial stressing level of the implant body but also has the material base for decreasing the absorption which is formed by the torque force interference conducted in the sclerotin on the implant body interface of the jaw bone. The implanting method of a bionic dental implant is the same as the existing implanting operation, which is operated through an implanting port; furthermore, the implanting method of axially rotation entering positioning is both adopted by a main root and a subsidiary root. Therefore, the invention maintains the advantages of the simple operation and better practicability of the operation method when the dental implant is implanted into the jaw bone, and obtains the obvious advantages of the implanting of multiple roots.

With the figures, the preferred embodiments of the invention are further described as the following:

Referring toFIGS. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11and25, a bionic dental implant comprises a main root1, a basal platform2and a basal platform bolt3. The diameter of the main root1is 4.8 mm. The main root1comprises a fixing root part11, a neck part12located at the upper end of the fixing root part11and a mounting channel13located inside the main root1. An aperture21communicated with the two ends of the basal platform2is provided inside the basal platform2. The basal platform bolt3is passed through the aperture21and fixes and mounts the basal platform2at the main root1. The dental implant also comprises two subsidiary roots4. The diameter of the subsidiary root4is 2 mm. The main root is provided with two inclined holes14. The inclined holes14form a sharp angle with respect to the mounting channel13and communicate with it. The outer diameter of the upper end of the subsidiary hole4is matched with the inner diameter of the inclined hole14and is fixed and mounted in the inclined hole14of the main root. The included angle of the subsidiary root4and the main root1is 21 degrees.

The mounting channel13of the main root1comprises a cone hole131, a square hole132and a screw hole133in the order from the top down. A basal platform2comprises a basal platform part22, a cone body23located at the lower end of the basal platform part22and matched with the cone hole131of the main root1and a square body24located at the lower end and matched with a square hole132of the main root1. The cone hole131becomes thinner from the top down. The sides of the square body24of the basal platform2are provided with two symmetrical dovetail grooves25. The end surface44of the subsidiary root of the upper end part of the subsidiary root4is provided with a dovetail joint41matched with the dovetail groove25on the square body24. The subsidiary root4and the basal platform2can be automatically locked after the dovetail groove25and the dovetail joint41are clamped together. Therefore, the subsidiary root is fixed and mounted in an inclined hole14of the main root1. A mounting positioning hole45is provided in the end surface44of the subsidiary root. The shape of the mounting positioning hole45is a square hole. After a mounting tool and the mounting positioning hole45are connected together, the subsidiary root4can be positioned in a bone hole and be winded up.

Referring toFIG. 1, the lower end parts of the outer peripheries of a main root1and a subsidiary root4are provided with threads16,46. The section shapes of ridges of the threads are unsymmetrical trapezoids. The angle (α) between the upper end surfaces of the ridges and the axes of the main root1and the subsidiary root4are 102 degrees. The angle (β) between the lower end surfaces of the ridges and the axes of the main root and the subsidiary root is 123 degrees. Three leaf-shaped cut grooves15,47are evenly distributed at the position close to the end surfaces of the threads16,46.

The basal platform part22of the basal platform2is also provided with a plurality of ring-shaped basal platform grooves221, which offers convenience for an artificial tooth5to be stably mounted on the basal platform part22.

An implanting method of a dental implant according to the embodiment 1 is as follows:

(1) A jaw bone7which is determined to be implanted in advance is drilled by a drilling tool;

(2) The inner wall of a bone hole is tapped by a tapping tool, and a tread hole matched with an outer thread16of a main root1is formed;

(3) Square holes132are connected by a tool. The main root1is screwed in the bone hole;

(4) A small drilling tool of which the diameter is matched with a subsidiary root is passed through a mounting channel13and an inclined hole14and drilled obliquely in a jaw bone. The depth of the drilling is the same as the implanting depth of the subsidiary root in the jaw bone;

(5) After a mounting positioning hole45of a subsidiary root4is connected by a mounting positioning tool, the subsidiary root4is passed through the mounting channel13and the inclined hole14and screwed into a bone hole. The end surface44of the subsidiary root and the sides of the square hole132of the main root1are guaranteed to be in the same plane;

(6) The basal platform2is placed downwards from a mounting channel13. The dovetail groove25of the sides of the square body24is smoothly inserted downwards, is clamped with the dovetail joint41and forms the tight tabling. The subsidiary root4is fixed and mounted in the inclined hole14of the main root1.

(7) The basal platform bolt4is winded up so that the above parts can be a tight integration one.

Referring toFIGS. 12,13,14,15,16,17and18, the embodiment 1 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that the number of a subsidiary root4becomes three, and the number of the inclined hole14on the corresponding main root1is changed from two to three. A square hole132of the main root1becomes a trigonal hole134. A square body24of the basal platform2becomes a trigonal body27. The number of the dovetail grooves25becomes three, which is respectively positioned on the three sides of the trigonal body27.

Referring toFIG. 19, the embodiment 1 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that the number of the subsidiary root4becomes one. The number of inclined holes14of the corresponding main root1is changed from two to one. The number of a dovetail groove25on a square body24becomes one. The angle between the main root1and the subsidiary root4becomes 13 degrees.

Referring toFIG. 20, the embodiment 3 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that a main root1is oblique. The corresponding mounted basal platform2in the main root1is also oblique. The oblique angle is the same as that of the main root. The crossing angle between the main root1and the subsidiary root4is 43 degrees.

Referring toFIG. 21, the embodiment 4 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that the lower end of a main root is in a cone shape and becomes smaller along the direction from a neck part12to a fixing root part11.

Referring toFIG. 22, the embodiment 1 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that a main root is relatively short; i.e. the lower end of the main root1is obviously higher than the lower end surface of the subsidiary root4. The included angle between the main root1and the subsidiary root4is 26 degrees.

Referring toFIG. 23, the embodiment 2 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that a main root1is relatively short; i.e. the lower end of the main root1is obviously higher than the lower end surface of a subsidiary root4. The angle between the main root1and the subsidiary root4is 26 degrees.

Referring toFIG. 24, the embodiment 6 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that the number of subsidiary roots becomes four. The number of the inclined holes14on the corresponding main root1is changed from two to four. The number of the dovetail grooves25on a square body becomes four.

Referring toFIGS. 26,27,28and29, the embodiment 1 is taken as reference. The same parts are not described repeatedly. The different part is that the position of a dovetail groove25located on a square body24of a basal platform2is replaced with the position of a dovetail joint41on a subsidiary root4. The dovetail joint26is arranged on the square body24of the basal platform. The dovetail groove42is arranged on the subsidiary root4. Correspondingly, in order that the basal platform2can be inserted into a main root1, the inside of a square hole132of the main root1is provided with a groove135which is passed through the dovetail joint26.

After the dovetail groove42and the dovetail joint26of the embodiment are clamped together, the subsidiary root4and the basal platform2are automatically locked. Therefore, the subsidiary root4is fixed and mounted in the inclined hole14of the main root1. The implanting method of the embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1. Therefore, it will not be described repeatedly.

Referring toFIGS. 30,31and32, a mounting channel13of a main root1of a bionic dental implant comprises a cone hole131, a multi-square hole132and a screw hole133in the order from the top down. A basal platform2comprises a basal platform part22, a cone body23located at the lower end of the basal platform part22and matched with the cone hole131of the main root1and a square body24located at the lower end of the cone body23and matched with the square body132of the main root1. The upper end part of the subsidiary root4is a cone body43. The cone body gradually becomes bigger along the axial direction toward the end surface of the subsidiary root. The end surface44of the subsidiary root is a concave surface matched with the cone body23of the basal platform2. The end surface44of the subsidiary root is provided with a mounting positioning hole45.An inclined hole14of the main root1is a cone hole matched with the cone body42of the upper end part of the subsidiary root4.

Based on any one of the embodiment 1 to embodiment 9, the widths of a dovetail groove25,42and a dovetail joint26,41gradually become bigger along the axial direction of a main root downwards so that a basal platform2can be easily placed in a mounting channel13.

Based on any one of the embodiment 1 to embodiment 11, a multi-square hole of a main root1and the multi-square hole of a basal platform2gradually becomes thinner along the direction from a cone hole131to the multi-square hole.

FIG. 25is a mounting schematic diagram of a dental implant. From the figure, a fixing root part11of a main root1and a subsidiary root is mounted in a jaw bone7. A neck part12of a main root1is mounted in a tooth sinew. A basal platform part22of a basal platform2protrudes from the tooth sinew. An artificial tooth5is mounted on the basal platform part22. The main root1and the subsidiary root4can not be mounted in the jaw bone at the same time. After the main root must be mounted firstly, the subsidiary root is then mounted in an inclined hole14of the main root1through a mounting channel13in the main root1. According to the medical requirement, the mounted main root1and the subsidiary root4must be stably connected with each other as an integration one. The subsidiary root4can not have displacement with respect to the inclined hole14of the main root1. In order to obtain the above requirement of the function, the embodiment of the invention discloses that a dovetail groove42or a dovetail joint41matched with the dovetail joint26or the dovetail groove25on the basal platform is arranged at the end part of the subsidiary root. The structures of the dovetail groove42and the dovetail joint41meet the requirements of the above function. The invention also discloses that a cone body matched with the inclined hole of the main root1is arranged at the end part of the subsidiary root. Furthermore, the end surface of the cone body of the subsidiary root4forms the concave surface matched with the cone body23of the basal platform so as to meet the above requirements. However, the embodiments can not be understood that they are the limit of the invention. Every structure which can stably connect the main root1and the subsidiary root4as an integration one after the main root1, the subsidiary root4and the basal platform2are assembled together belongs to the protection scope of the invention.

In the invention, the number of a subsidiary root can be flexibly selected according to the requirements, such as one, two, three, four and a plurality of the subsidiary roots. The mounting direction and the angle of the subsidiary root4also can be flexibly selected according to the requirements. As the limited space, specifications are not described one by one.

In the invention, the angle between a subsidiary root and a main root can be a sharp angle in the biggest scope theoretically. But in the practical application, the best scope of the angle is from 13 degrees to 26 degrees when a main root is upright; the best scope of the angle between the main root and the subsidiary root is from 26 degrees and 43 degrees when the main root is oblique.

In the invention, a square hole and a trigonal hole in a mounting channel of the main root1mainly offer convenience for the mounting of the main root. A multi-square-hole structure such as a pentagon hole and a hexagon hole can be adopted.

In the invention, the thread type of a main root and a subsidiary root and the included angle (α), (β) can be flexibly selected according to the requirements.

In conclusion, the technicians of the field will know that the embodiments help the readers to understand the principles of the invention; therefore, it should be understood that the protection scope of the invention does not limit the specifications and the embodiments.