Floor treating machines

A floor treating machine of the single rotary brush type having a handle and a motor both laterally offset from the axis of rotation of the brush in a direction to impart a tilting couple opposed to that arising from operator forces counteracting the reaction couple on the handle.

This invention relates to floor treating machines of the single rotary 
brush type. 
In this specification the term rotary brush is to be interpreted as 
including rotary polishing or buffing pads as well as rotary scrubbing or 
polishing brushes. 
In a single rotary brush type of machine, there is a reaction couple 
tending to rotate the machine in a direction contrary to brush rotation 
and this has to be counteracted by the operator applying a force to the 
handle of the machine. Since the handle of the machine is vertically 
spaced from the plane of the reaction couple, this force in turn gives 
rise to a tilting couple on the machine, with the result that the machine 
has a tendency to operate with its brush not quite flat on the floor, and 
consequently to produce a force acting towards the operator. 
In order to counteract this tendency, some forms of machines do have the 
motor offset laterally, and it is now proposed, according to the present 
invention, to offset both the handle and the motor laterally from the axis 
of rotation of the brush in a direction such that the weight of the motor 
and handle tends to apply a tilting couple opposed to that arising from 
operator forces counteracting the reaction couple via the handle. 
By this means the weight of the handle is added to the weight of the motor 
to provide improved balance. It has not previously been realised that 
displacement of the handle in this way improved handling and reduces the 
force applied by the operator to obtain a given effect. 
A further advantage of the offset handle is the provision of a low profile 
over a larger portion of the machine, which alloWs it to clean under 
radiators, cupboards, racks and other obstructions. 
Further, it is normally necessary to provide a considerable speed reduction 
between the drive motor and the brush or brushes of a rotary brush floor 
treatment machine. 
In many cases gearing is used to achieve the desired reduction, but it has 
been proposed to use a multiple V-belt driven by an offset motor and 
having opposite faces engaged with a driven pulley and a driving pulley. 
This arrangement enables the belt to be wrapped round a major arc of the 
driven pulley and also a substantial arc of the driving pulley. 
Such drive system may also be used with a flat belt, as this leads to 
reduced power loss during the flexing of the belt round the small driving 
pulley and a longer belt life. 
A belt in such a system needs to be tensioned by a jockey pulley, and 
according to the present invention there is also provided an improved belt 
tensioning system. 
The present invention further consists in a floor treating machine of the 
rotary brush type with an offset motor, in which drive from the motor is 
supplied via a belt engaging one side with a small motor pulley and its 
other side with a major arc of a larger brush pulley to achieve speed 
reduction, in which the belt also passes over a tensioning jockey pulley 
mounted on a spring-loaded lever arm, and the position of the pivot point 
of the lever arm is adjustable. 
Preferably, the pivot point of the arm is provided by a support stud 
mounted in a slot and securable at any desired position along the length 
of the slot.

The type of machine illustrated is a single brush polisher in which a brush 
1 is rotatable about its axis of rotation 2 and is mounted on a machine 
chassis 3 which also carries a motor mounted in a housing 4. FIG. 4 shows 
a motor driven pulley 5 which drives a belt 6 over a tensioning jockey 
pulley 7 and a brush drive pulley 8. It will be seen that the motor is 
offset forwardly and laterally of the axis 2, and it will also be seen 
that a handle 11 for the machine is also offset laterally, in this case 
the same distance as the offsetting of the axis of rotation of the motor. 
The handle 11 is pivoted to the chassis 3, and is lockable in a selected 
one of a plurality positions by means of a foot pedal 12 mounted in the 
region of transport wheel 13. The handle 11 carries conventional controls 
14 for the machine. It will be appreciated that in normal use the 
transport wheels are out of contact with the ground, and are only used for 
manoeuvring the machine from place to place, and not during polishing. 
Having a handle lock operated by the foot pedal 12 has been found to 
discourage the dangerous practice of changing the position of a handle 
while the machine is running. 
Referring now particularly to FIG. 1, it will be seen that with the brush 
rotating in the direction of the arrow A, there is a reaction torque in 
the direction indicated by the arrow B, and this reaction torque has 
itself to be reacted, partially by a frictional force laterally of the 
machine and illustrated by the arrow C, and partly by an opposite sideways 
force indicated by the arrow D and applied by the operator to the handle 
of the machine. However, since the point of application of the force D to 
the handle is necessarily some distance above the floor, it will be seen 
that the forces C and D themselves give rise to a tilting couple, and this 
itself must be reacted, at least in part, by the weight of the handle and 
motor indicated by the arrow W acting against the reaction from the floor, 
indicated by the arrow R acting generally along the axis of rotation 2. It 
will thus be seen that by off-setting both the motor and the handle, which 
constitute a considerable portion of the weight of the machine, to the 
same side of the axis of rotation 2, a fairly substantial tilting couple 
is applied to the machine which assists in reacting the reaction torque 
arising on rotation of the brush. The offsetting thus provides assistance 
to the operator and improves the handling ability of the machine. 
It will be seen that the drive is transmitted from the motor pulley 5 to 
the brush pulley 8, which is much larger than the pulley 5 and therefore 
gives rise to a speed reduction. The drive is transmitted by the belt 6 
which passes over an arc of the pulley 5 which exceeds 90.degree., and the 
belt then passes with its opposite face over a major arc of the jockey 
pulley 7 and then over about three-quarters of the brush pulley 8, using 
the same face as on the jockey pulley 7. The jockey pulley 7 is mounted on 
a lever arm 18 which is pivoted at one end on a stud 19 and at the other 
end has a tensioning force applied to it by a spring 20 reacting against a 
fixed abutment 21 on the machine chassis. In order to provide for an 
adjustment of the initial position of the jockey pulley, and to obtain 
some control of the amount of wrap around of the motor pulley 5, the stud 
19 is slidably mounted in a slot 22 in the machine chassis, and may be 
secured at any position along the length of the slot by means of a wing 
nut or other securing device on the upper surface of the machine. The 
securing device is shown as a nut 41 in FIG. 5. 
FIG. 5 shows a spring tensioning cartridge to replace the single spring 20. 
The principle object of the device is to enable precise belt tension to be 
achieved without any tedious setting-up procedures. 
The cartridge consists of an adjustable head or end 32 which screws into a 
spring retainer 33 which has a groove 34 machined at its inner end. The 
spring retainer 33 has a spring 35 held in compression against a spring 
holder 36 which has a point rockably mounted in a notch provided in the 
abutment 21. The spring retainer 33 holds the spring 35 in compression by 
virtue of a pin, not shown, which passes through a hole 38 in the spring 
holder 36 and the groove 34 in the spring retainer 33. 
By suitable dimensioning of these components a known amount of axial force 
can be achieved when a spring of known rate is held in compression by the 
pin. It will be appreciated that if the cartridge is now fitted to the 
machine with the adjustable end 32 screwed in or out to enable the 
cartridge to just fit the space available for it, (with all the slack 
taken out of the belt by hand) removal of the pin will result in a known 
amount of belt tension being achieved, without any further adjustment. As 
illustrated, when the pin 37 is removed the compression spring 35 will 
move spring retainer 33 and head 32 to the left as viewed in FIG. 5. This 
will cause the pulley 7 to move in a direction away from the brush pulley 
8 and therefore increase the length of the belt path and hence the tension 
of belt 6. 
If, in service, it is found necessary to adjust the belt tension, due 
perhaps to belt stretch, the procedure is to compress the cartridge, fit a 
suitable pin, re-adjust the adjustable end 32 to give a minimum clearance 
for the cartridge and remove the pin. 
This Figure also illustrates a nut 41 for the stud 19. 
Various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.