Dobbies for forming the shed on weaving looms

The present invention relates to dobbies of the type in which each double swinging lever is controlled by two pulling hooks cooperating with pulling knives with reciprocal movement. Each non-selected pulling hook in each pair is raised away from the associated pulling knife by a stirrup coupled to a vertical rod having a gripper at its upper end, the gripper being selectively coupled to a raising knife under the control of the reading mechanism. The raising knife is raised or lowered by a vertical slide mechanism which is coupled directly by a connecting rod to a lowering knife of the dobbie, so that the slide mechanism and raising knife move up and down synchronously therewith. The invention finds particular application in the textile industry.

The present invention relates to devices known under the name of "dobbies" 
and intended to be associated with weaving looms with a view to forming 
the shed, and it concerns more particularly the mechanisms in which the 
double swinging levers are actuated, not directly by crosspieces 
performing a reciprocating movement, but by pulling hooks. 
As shown schematically in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, a typical 
prior art dobby generally comprises a reading mechanism 1 of the punched 
card and needle type, each group of four needles ensuring the control of 
two push rods 2 (one push rod for forward operation, another for reverse 
motion or "unweaving") which, according to whether or not they are 
selected by the design, i.e. according to whether or not the corresponding 
part of this design presents perforations, move axially against return 
springs 17, or else return to rest position. 
Each push rod 2 is coupled to a vertical rod 3 of which the lower end 
carries a stirrup member 4 provided with an eye through which a pulling 
hook 5 freely passes. The two hooks 5 are pivoted on the opposite ends of 
a double swinging lever 6 mounted on a pivot 7 itself carried by an 
actuating lever 8. This latter is supported by a fixed shaft 9 and is 
coupled by a connecting rod 10 to the lever or pulling cable associated 
with one of the heddle frames of the loom. Two fixed transverse stops 11 
are provided at one of the ends of the reciprocating pivoting stroke of 
the double swinging lever 6, this pivoting movement provoking the to and 
fro actuation of the rod 10 and the corresponding frame. 
The pulling hooks 5 present at their free end a downwardly facing nose so 
as to cooperate with an edge made on one or the other of two knives 12, 
performing a reciprocating movement. It will be noted that to each of 
these knives 12 there is coupled, by a system of connecting rods (not 
shown), a transverse stop 13 which therefore moves in reciprocating manner 
at the same time as the corresponding knife. The lowering of one of the 
hooks 5 with a view to its being seized by one of the knives 12 is 
effected by two knives 14 carried by sleeves 15 clamped on two transverse 
shafts 16 performing an angular oscillating movement. During the return of 
the knives 12 in the direction of seizing position, one of two sequences 
may occur: 
either the hook 5 has been selected by the reading mechanism, in which case 
the corresponding stirrup 4 is maintained in low position, the upper hook 
5 having been taken by the knife 12 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; 
or the hook 5 has not been selected, because the push rod 2 was not 
actuated by the mechanism 1 and returned leftwardly to its rear position 
under the effect of its return spring 17, each stirrup 4 having a certain 
clearance on the lower toothed member 18 which allows tilting of the rod 2 
but ensures its vertical guiding. 
In this latter case, the hook 5 which has not been selected must of course 
be raised in order to allow it to escape the action of the corresponding 
knife 12. To this end, there are provided in the conventional dobbies two 
upper knives 19 to which a cam mechanism 20 imparts a reciprocating 
vertical displacement synchronized with that of the lowering knives 14; 
these knives 19 are intended to cooperate with grippers 21 fixed to the 
top of the rods 3 and they are disposed so as to seize the gripper 21 of 
the stirrups whose push rod 2 has returned into rear position. 
It will be readily appreciated that the functioning of such a dobby 
involves an exact synchronization of the knives 12, 14 and 19, so that the 
least error in the initial adjustment or the least untimely misadjustment 
during functioning not only provokes stoppage of the loom, but also risks 
seriously damaging the dobby. 
The object of the improvements forming the subject matter of the present 
invention is to obviate this drawback, whilst simplifying the construction 
of the dobby, by providing direct interconnection of the knives 14 with 
the knives 19 that raise the rods 3, while eliminating the cam mechanism 
20. 
In accordance with the invention, the non-selected hooks are raised with 
the aid of knives which are directly coupled by connecting rods and slide 
members actuated by the oscillating lowering knives, so as to be moved 
vertically during each oscillation of the latter and thus to cooperate 
with a gripper carried by each stirrup member.

In the dobby shown in FIG. 2 there is found again a reading mechanism 1, 
two push rods 2 for each heddle frame, two hooks 5 associated with an 
assembly 6-7-8-9-10, two oscillating knives 14, two reciprocating pulling 
knives 12 coupled to two mobile stops 13, and two stirrup members 4 
suspended from rods 3 controlled by the push rods 2 as described above. 
However, unlike the conventional construction, the raising knives 19 
intended for raising the stirrup members 4 are actuated, not by an 
independent cam mechanism, but by two mechanisms with connecting rods 204 
and slide members 201, the mechanism visible in FIG. 2 having been given 
the general reference 200. 
As is more particularly visible in FIG. 3, each mechanism 200 comprises two 
slide members 201 machined so as to move side by side independently of 
each other inside a vertical guide 202a made in the corresponding side 
wall 202 of the frame of the dobby, the displacement of said slide members 
being made with a clearance which is as close as possible. The inner 
vertical edge of each slide member 201 is provided with a cut 201a inside 
which one of the two knives 19 is engaged and fixed, for example with the 
aid of a screw such as 203. 
A connecting rod 204 is associated with each of the slide members 201, the 
upper end of said rod pivoting on a lateral pin 201b of the sliding member 
in question, whilst the lower end pivots at the end of a cheek 205 (FIG. 
2) added to the corresponding sleeve 15 of the upper or lower lowering 
knife 14. Under these conditions, it will be understood that the 
oscillating movement imparted to the lowering knives 14 is transmitted by 
the connecting rods 204 to the slide members 201 which therefore move 
vertically inside the lateral guides 202a. 
The functioning of the dobby according to FIG. 2 is substantially identical 
to that set forth with reference to FIG. 1, in that the lowering of the 
hooks 5 is effected with the aid of the two oscillating knives 14 which 
displace the nose of said hooks to come into engagement with the pulling 
knives 12, thus controlling the actuating levers 8 of the dobby 
alternately. 
When the reading mechanism actuates the rightward axial displacement of the 
push rods 2 to the front, the rods 3 each corresponding with whichever of 
the hooks 5 is thus selected are displaced toward to the front so that the 
knife 19 envisaged does not come into engagement, during its rising 
movement, with the lateral gripper 21 (FIG. 3) provided on each rod 3. The 
vertical movement of a displaced knife 19 therefore has no action on the 
stirrup members 4 in question, so that the latter remain in low position 
and the corresponding hooks 5 are again pulled by the knife 12. 
On the contrary, when there is no selection, i.e. when the needles of the 
mechanism 1 do not drop into the perforations of the card or design, the 
push rods 2 associated remain to the rear under the effect of their spring 
17, without actuating the rods 3. The latter therefore remain in rear 
position and their gripper 21 is consequently disposed within the vertical 
path of the edge of the knife 19 in question (as shown at the lower 
stirrup member 4 in FIG. 2). These stirrup members 4 are therefore raised, 
ensuring elevation of the pulling hook 5 which passes therethrough and 
which consequently escapes the oscillating knife 12. 
Finally, the invention makes it possible to do without the cam mechanism 20 
of the conventional art, this substantially simplifying the construction 
of the dobby and reducing the cost thereof. Moreover, and in particular, 
the lowering of the pulling hooks 5 and their elevation in the case of 
non-selection are effected by the same assembly 15-16, thereby 
considerably limiting the risks of misadjustment. It will further be noted 
that the elimination of the mechanism 20 allows a better access to the 
assembly 1-2 and consequently facilitates maintenance thereof.