Fill level device

A fill level device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can be provided. For example, the fill level device can include waveguide couplings, each of which can include a radiator element connected to a microstrip line configured to transmit and/or receive a radar signal, a waveguide configured to conduct the radar signal and a substrate on which the microstrip line, the radiator element and the waveguide can be arranged. The waveguide can have a cross section with a narrow side and a wide side. The narrow side can be shorter than the wide side. The microstrip line can be guided through the narrow side of the waveguide into the waveguide to the radiator element that is arranged in the interior of the waveguide. The microstrip line and the radiator element can be arranged on a surface of the substrate facing the waveguide.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefit and priority European Patent Application No. 16 193 550.7 filed on Oct. 10, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to level measurement, in general. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an exemplary waveguide coupling for a radar antenna, which, for example, may be configured as a fill level radar antenna and/or as a line scanner. The present disclosure further relates to an exemplary fill level radar antenna having a corresponding waveguide coupling and to a fill level measurement device having a fill level radar antenna.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Fill level measurement devices having fill level radar antennas may be used for detecting the surface topology of a filling material surface of, for example, bulk materials or moving liquids. In such case, the surface of the filling material is frequently scanned using a measuring beam and the surface topology is thus determined. A one-dimensional array, known as a line scanner, composed of a large number of radiator elements, for example, may be used to control the measuring beam, so that the array facilitates a one-dimensional scanning of the filling material surface. If this array is further rotated, a two-dimensional scanning of the surface can take place.

SUMMARY OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

One of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a waveguide coupling for a radar antenna, e.g., a fill level radar antenna, with which an improved focusing of an emitted radar signal can be achieved and which can (e.g., at the same time) have a compact design.

This exemplary object is achieved with the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure which are described herein.

For example, a waveguide coupling for a radar antenna, e.g., which can be or include a fill level radar antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The exemplary waveguide coupling can comprise a radiator element connected to a microstrip line and configured to transmit and/or receive a radar signal. The exemplary waveguide coupling can also comprise a waveguide to conduct the radar signal and a substrate, such as, e.g., a circuit board, on which the microstrip line, the radiator element and the waveguide are arranged. In this exemplary embodiment, the waveguide, in a cross section through the waveguide, can have a narrow side and a wide side, where the narrow side can be shorter than the wide side. The narrow side and the wide side can be measured here on an inner face, side or surface of the waveguide or on an outer face, side or surface of the waveguide. The microstrip line can be guided through the narrow side of the waveguide into the waveguide to the radiator element that can be arranged in the interior of the waveguide. The microstrip line and the radiator element can be arranged on a face, side and/or surface of the substrate facing the waveguide. The face may refer to, for example, an outer face, a side and/or an outside of the substrate.

As one example, the radiator element can be called, e.g., a “patch,” and may denote a planar, flat and/or plate-shaped conductor element, e.g., made of copper, on which the microstrip line is arranged. The radar signal, or, in general, an electromagnetic signal, can be fed using the microstrip line into the radiator element, which thereupon can emit the radar signal (or the electromagnetic signal) with a specific orientation of the field vector of the electrical field of the radar signal/electromagnetic signal. The emitted radar signal can then couple and/or overcouple into the waveguide and can then, e.g., be guided and emitted to an antenna element of the radar antennas and/or fill level radar antenna. Further, a radar signal, (e.g., a radar signal reflected from a filling material surface) can also be coupled by an antenna element into the waveguide, and/or overcoupled from there onto the radiator element. This signal can then in turn be fed by the microstrip line to an evaluation electronics system.

For example, for a one-dimensional array antenna such as a line scanner, a plurality of waveguide couplings as described herein can be aligned on an axis, i.e., arranged along substantially a straight line. In order to now achieve an improved focusing using a radar antenna and/or fill level radar antenna, for example, a diameter of the main beam or the main lobe emitted using the radar antenna and/or fill level radar antenna can be reduced. In addition, it may be advantageous to avoid side lobes and/or grating lobes caused by interference.

In view of the exemplary configuration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of the waveguide coupling, in which the microstrip line is introduced into the waveguide at the narrow side of the waveguide, the waveguide coupling can provided as a compact design, and/or a plurality of waveguide couplings of this type can be arranged close together in a radar antenna and/or fill level radar antenna. As a result, a spacing of adjacent waveguide couplings and/or adjacent waveguides can be provided which is smaller than or equal to half the wavelength of the emitted radar signal. Thus, in such exemplary manner, a diameter of the main lobe can be reduced, side and/or grating lobes can be avoided, and an improved focusing can be achieved. In addition, an amplification of the radar signal can be achieved.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the interior of the waveguide can be filled at least in part with a dielectric and/or dielectric material. As a result, the cross-sectional face and/or cross-sectional area of the waveguide can be reduced and the size of the waveguide coupling can be further reduced.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the cross-sectional face and/or a cross-sectional area of the waveguide can be elliptical, oval or rectangular. For example, the cross-sectional face may be a rectangle with rounded corners. The cross-sectional face may refer to the face of an internal cross section of the waveguide so the waveguide may also, e.g., have a round outer cross section and an elliptical, oval or rectangular internal cross section.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiator element can be plate-shaped, e.g., being configured to be flat, planar and/or as a patch. Alternatively or in addition, the radiator element can have a first corner and a second corner, the first corner having a smaller radius of curvature than the second corner. For example, the first and second corners differ with respect to their radii of curvature. The first and second corners can, in each case, denote outer edges of the radiator element here. The first corner may, for example, have a radius of curvature of between approximately or exactly 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm, and for example, approximately or exactly 0.25 mm. Alternatively or in addition, the second corner may have a radius of curvature of between approximately or exactly 0.5 mm and 0.6 mm, and for example, approximately or exactly 0.55 mm. The first corner can, alternatively or in addition, oppose the second corner, e.g., the first and second corners may oppose one another with respect to a longitudinal direction of the radiator element. Furthermore, alternatively or in addition, the radiator element can have at least two corners with identical radii of curvature. Thus, for example, a further corner can be provided, which has a radius of curvature that is identical to the first or second corner.

Due to the exemplary geometric configuration of the exemplary radiator element, a direction of the electrical field vector of the radar signal emitted by the radiator element can be influenced. Furthermore, the basic mode can be excited in the waveguide since signals of higher modes have different propagation speeds, which can lead to measuring errors in some circumstances. In a conventional waveguide coupling, the microstrip line and the radiator element are generally introduced from the wide side of the waveguide such that the electrical field vectors of the waveguide basic mode and the radar signal emitted by the radiator element are oriented parallel to one another. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the microstrip line can be introduced through the narrow side, so the electrical field vectors are no longer oriented parallel to one another. In view of the exemplary geometric configuration of the exemplary radiator element described herein, the electrical field vector of the radar signal emitted by the radiator element can be rotated in such a way that this exemplary electrical field vector can be oriented approximately, substantially or exactly parallel to the electrical field vector of the waveguide basic mode. A microstrip line/waveguide transition according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can thereby be provided overall.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, for a bandwidth increase and/or to increase a bandwidth, approximately, substantially or exactly next to and/or adjacent to the radiator element, a conductor element can be arranged or provided in the interior of the waveguide. The exemplary conductor element can be referred to as, e.g., a parasitic conductor element or parasitic patch element. A longitudinal direction of the conductor element can thus run and/or extend transversely to a longitudinal direction of the microstrip line. Alternatively or in addition, at least two corners of the conductor element can have different radii of curvature. For example, the bandwidth of the microstrip line/waveguide transition can be increased using the conductor element.

According to a still further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the waveguide can have, on the narrow side, a recess with which the microstrip line can be guided to the radiator element arranged in the interior of the waveguide. The recess of the waveguide c, for example, be configured on an end face and/or surface of the waveguide.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a fill level radar antenna can be provided which can have a plurality of waveguide couplings, as described herein. Adjacent radiator elements, e.g., directly and/or immediately adjacent radiator elements, of the waveguide couplings can be spaced apart from one another at a spacing, which can be equal or smaller than half the wavelength of the radar signal. As a result, focusing of the fill level radar antenna can be improved. The highest frequency of the radar signal can be, for example, about or exactly 81 GHz. Thus, the smallest wavelength occurring in the signal can be about or exactly 3.7 mm, so the maximum spacing between two directly adjacent radiator elements can be about or exactly 1.85 mm.

According to a still further embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiator elements, the microstrip lines and the waveguides of the plurality of waveguide couplings can be arranged on a common substrate, e.g., including or being a circuit board substrate. The fill level radar antenna can be, for example, configured as a parabolic trough, as a horn radiator array antenna and/or as an array antenna, for example, as a one-dimensional antenna or a two-dimensional array antenna.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fill level measurement device can include a fill level radar antenna, as described herein. The fill level measurement device can be configured, for example, to determine the topology of a filling material surface.

Exemplary features and elements of the waveguide coupling, as described herein, can be or include exemplary features and elements of the fill level radar antenna and/or of the fill level measurement device, as described herein. Conversely or additionally, exemplary features and elements of the fill level radar antenna and/or of the fill level measurement device, as described herein, can be or include features and elements of the waveguide coupling, as described herein.

Each and every exemplary embodiment and aspect described herein, and their components, portions, configurations, procedures and procedures can be performed, combined and interchanged with one or more of other exemplary embodiments and aspects described herein.

Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals and characters, unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements, components, or portions of the illustrated embodiments. The views in the drawings are merely schematic and are not to scale. Moreover, while the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the figures, it is done so in connection with the illustrative embodiments and is not limited by the particular embodiments illustrated in the figures and the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1shows a topology-detecting fill level measurement device100according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which can have a fill level radar antenna50as described herein. The exemplary fill level measurement device100is configured to detect echo signals and/or echo curves from different angle ranges101,102,103. For each echo curve determined, the distance from the respective point on the surface104of the filling material and/or the bulk material105is detected. The volume of the bulk material pile107can thus also be determined using an exemplary numeric integration of these distance values and by postulating a level surface106under the bulk material or with a known container geometry. The mass of the bulk material105can furthermore be calculated or otherwise determined when the density is known.

The exemplary fill level measurement device100can have an antenna holder108for fastening the fill level radar antenna50. Depending on the exemplary configuration of the fill level measurement device100, the antenna holder108can facilitate a mechanical adjustment of the main beam direction of the fill level radar antenna50, for example by rotating 110 or by tilting. Furthermore, the fill level measurement device100can be configured to carry out a digital beam shaping. The exemplary fill level measurement device100can include a fill level radar antenna consisting of, e.g., a plurality of transmitting and/or receiving elements and an evaluation unit (e.g., one or more computer processors, one or more computer arrangements, etc.)111for implementing an exemplary method of digital beam shaping.

FIG. 2shows an exemplary radar antenna50and/or an exemplary fill level radar antenna50for topology-detecting level measurement. The fill level radar antenna50can comprise an array antenna53with an antenna arrangement52. The antenna arrangement52can have a plurality of antenna elements54arranged in a row58, with which each of which a radar signal can be emitted and/or received.

The exemplary array antenna53can, for example, be fastened on a rotatable holder108(illustrated inFIG. 1). The array antenna53focuses the electromagnetic waves or radar signals emitted and/or received by the antenna elements54along the x-direction (transverse direction). The focusing of the corresponding signals along the y-direction (longitudinal direction), on the other hand, only takes place after the detection of the received signals within the evaluation unit111(illustrated inFIG. 1) by digital beam shaping. For example, such exemplary configuration can also facilitate a targeted control of the main receiving direction of the antenna arrangement in the y-direction. The array antenna53can, for example, be configured as a parabolic trough56or as a horn radiator array antenna.

If the array antenna53is connected to a static holder instead of to a rotatable holder108, a two-dimensional antenna array, which can have a large number of antenna elements54distributed along the x- and y-direction, can be provided in this exemplary manner. The evaluation unit111(shown inFIG. 1) can link the signals received by the antenna elements54using the exemplary method of two-dimensional digital beam shaping, and can facilitate a deflection of the main receiving direction both along the x- and along the y-axis in a targeted manner.

To avoid grating lobes during the digital beam shaping, the physical distance between two adjacent antenna elements54can be smaller than or equal to half the wavelength of the radar signals used. This exemplary configuration can regularly lead to a high number of antenna elements54, and therefore to a high outlay for circuitry and associated high production costs for the fill level radar antenna50.

FIG. 3ashows a front view of a waveguide coupling10for a fill level radar antenna50according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 3bandFIG. 3ceach shows an exemplary array51of waveguide couplings10illustrated inFIG. 3afor the exemplary fill level radar antenna50. The waveguide couplings10can be arranged in the y-direction, as shown inFIG. 3b. As one example, the “array51of waveguide couplings10” may denote or referred to as an “arrangement51of waveguide couplings10”.

The waveguide coupling10can have a microstrip line12, at the end of which a radiator element14can be arranged and/or fastened. The radiator element14can also be referred to as an emitting element14or a patch element14. Furthermore, the waveguide coupling10can include a waveguide16, which can have a rectangular cross section, optionally with rounded edges or straight edges. Waveguide couplings10of this type can also be called rectangular waveguide coupling transitions10. The waveguide16, in cross section, can have a narrow side18and a wide side20, which is longer than the narrow side18. Furthermore, shown inFIGS. 3a-3c, the microstrip line12can be guided through to or on the wide side20of the waveguide16, and can be connected there to the radiator element14arranged in the interior of the waveguide16. In this exemplary configuration, an electromagnetic wave or a radar signal, which is fed into the radiator element14through the microstrip line12, e.g., from a high frequency front end of the fill level radar antenna50, can overcouple into the waveguide. This exemplary can be advantageous in that the field vector of the electrical field of the emitted radar signal is oriented in the same direction as the electrical field vector of the basic mode of the waveguide16. The electrical field vectors are both oriented in the y-direction in this case.

For a one-dimensional array antenna53and/or a line scanner, a plurality of waveguide couplings10of this type can be aligned on an axis58(as shown inFIG. 2), and can have a spacing of less than or equal to half the wavelength of the radar signal, i.e. ≤λ/2, λ referring to the smallest wavelength of the radar signal used (seeFIGS. 3band 3c). Because of the exemplary microstrip line12, which is guided out of the waveguides16, a spacing ≤λ/2 likely cannot be achieved in the exemplary embodiment of the array51of waveguide couplings10shown inFIG. 3b, which can be installed in the fill level radar antenna50. In the exemplary configuration shown inFIG. 3c, the spacing ≤λ/2 likely cannot be achieved, as the dimensions of the wide sides20of the waveguides16are already greater than 212.

FIG. 4shows the waveguide coupling10for a fill level radar antenna50according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. If not otherwise described, the waveguide coupling ofFIG. 4has the same elements, components and features as in the drawings described herein above.

For example, as illustrated inFIG. 4, the microstrip line12, the radiator element14and the waveguide16can be arranged on a substrate22, for example, being or including a circuit board22, and the microstrip line12and the radiator element14can be arranged and/or fastened on a face24of the substrate22facing the waveguide16. The face24can, for example, refer to an outer face24, a side24and/or an outside24of the substrate22. The face24can, for example, also refer to a top layer and/or a surface layer of the substrate22. The substrate22itself is only shown schematically in the drawings, and is not limited thereby. The substrate22can have further layers and/or a thickness that is greater than a thickness of the microstrip line12, as shown inFIGS. 5b, 6band7b.

It may be beneficial to provide a compact design of the waveguide coupling10and the fill level radar antenna50equipped therewith, in which adjacent waveguide couplings10and/or adjacent waveguides16have a spacing from one another that is smaller than half the wavelength of the radar signal (≤λ/2). To that end, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, it can be beneficial to guide the microstrip line12to the narrow side18of the waveguide16into the waveguide16. A microstrip line/waveguide transition of this exemplary configuration can be, e.g., advantageous for a line scanner, due to a spacing of the waveguides16and therefore of the antennas and/or the waveguide couplings10of ≤λ/2, the occurrence of grating lobes can be avoided. Despite the small spacing of ≤λ/2, the radiator elements14can also in each case still be fed in this manner with a microstrip line12.

The technical challenge when coupling the microstrip line12on the narrow side18of the waveguide16can be the rotation of the electrical field of the emitting element in such a way that the basic mode is excited in the waveguide16. As shown inFIG. 4, the electrical field vector of the radar signal emitted by the radiator element14is oriented in the x-direction, while the field vector of the waveguide basic mode is oriented in the y-direction. Thus, the emitted electrical field is rotated through 90° in this case with respect to the electrical field of the basic mode of the waveguide16. It is thus firstly possible with some difficulty, and with high damping to propagate the electromagnetic wave.

FIG. 5ashows a plan view of a waveguide coupling10for a fill level radar antenna50according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 5billustrates a perspective view of the waveguide coupling10shown inFIG. 5a. If not otherwise described, the exemplary waveguide coupling10ofFIGS. 5aand 5bhas the same elements and features as in the drawings described above.

In order to rotate the electrical field vector of the radar signal emitted by the radiator element14and to orient it virtually parallel to the electrical field vector of the basic mode of the waveguide16, a special geometry of the radiator element14can be provided according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

The radii of curvature of the corners of the radiator element14and the feed point15, at which the microstrip line12is connected to the radiator element, can be substantially used to advantageously rotate the electrical field and thus optimise the coupling into the waveguide16or the excitation of the basic mode.

The exemplary radiator element14shown inFIGS. 5aand 5bis plate-shaped, and has a first corner14a, a second corner14b, a third corner14cand a fourth corner14d. The corners14ato14dcan, for example, denote edges14ato14dof the radiator element14. The first corner14acan have a smaller radius of curvature than that of the second corner14barranged opposing the first corner14a. The fourth corner14dhas an identical radius of curvature to the second corner14b. The second corner14blies diagonally opposite the fourth corner14dhere and/or in the diagonal direction of the radiator element14. The first corner14acan, for example, have a radius of curvature of between approximately or exactly 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm, and for example, approximately or exactly 0.25 mm. The second corner14band the fourth corner14dmay each have a radius of curvature of between approximately or exactly 0.5 mm and 0.6 mm, and for example approximately or exactly 0.55 mm.

The microstrip line12can be furthermore connected to the radiator element14at the third corner14c, which lies diagonally opposite the first corner and/or in the diagonal direction of the radiator element14. The feed point15can be arranged between the microstrip line12and radiator element14on and/or in the region of the third corner14c.

The microstrip line12can also be guided on the face24of the substrate22through a recess17in the waveguide16configured at the end face on one end of the waveguide16. The face24can, for example, refer to an outer face24, a side24and/or an outside24of the substrate22. The face24can, for example, refer to a top layer and/or a surface layer of the substrate22.

FIG. 6ashows a plan view of a waveguide coupling10for a fill level radar antenna50according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 6billustrates a perspective view of the waveguide coupling10shown inFIG. 6a. If not otherwise described, the waveguide coupling10ofFIGS. 6aand 6bhas the same or similar elements and features as in drawings described above.

Arranged on a side of the radiator element14opposing the microstrip line12, apart from the radiator element14, is a conductor element26, which can be called or referred to, e.g., a parasitic element26or parasitic patch element26.

The exemplary conductor element26shown inFIGS. 6aand 6bcan be plate-shaped and/or substantially rectangular. Furthermore, the exemplary conductor element26can be arranged on the substrate22and/or the face24in the interior of the waveguide16in such a way that a longitudinal direction of the conductor element26is oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the microstrip line12.

The conductor element26ofFIGS. 16aand6bcan have a first corner26a, a second corner26b, a third corner26cand a fourth corner26d. The diagonally opposing corners26aand26cand the corners26band26din each case can have identical radii of curvature here. A radius of curvature of the first corner26aand the third corner26ccan be between approximately or exactly 0.05 mm and 0.15 mm, and for example approximately or exactly 0.1 mm. A radius of curvature of the second corner26aand the fourth corner26dcan be between approximately or exactly 0.025 mm and 0.075 mm, and for example approximately or exactly 0.05 mm.

Furthermore, the conductor element26can be arranged in such a way that the third corner26cis spaced further apart from the radiator element14than the fourth corner26d.

The conductor element26, which is placed next to the actual radiator element14, can be used to increase the bandwidth.

FIG. 7ashows a plan view of an array51of waveguide couplings10having waveguide couplings10fromFIGS. 6aand 6bfor a fill level radar antenna50according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 7billustrates a perspective view of the array51of waveguide couplings10shown inFIG. 7a. If not otherwise described, the waveguide couplings10ofFIGS. 7aand 7bhave similar or the same elements and features as in drawings described above.

For example, the array51and/or the arrangement of waveguide couplings10ofFIGS. 7aand 7bcan have two waveguide couplings10illustrated inFIGS. 6aand 6barranged next to one another. As shown inFIGS. 7aand 7b, the waveguide couplings10fromFIGS. 6aand 6bcan be placed next to one another at a spacing ≤λ/2 on a common substrate22. The microstrip lines12and the radiator elements14can also be placed next to one another at a spacing ≤λ/2 on the common substrate22. As this is a reciprocal component, a wave excited in the waveguide16couples to the same extent over to the microstrip line12, as vice versa. Therefore, these exemplary transitions or waveguide couplings10be used for transmitting and also for receiving a radar signal.

The microstrip lines12can be arranged on the same face24of the substrate22as the radiator elements14, the face24facing the waveguides16. The face24can, for example, refer to an outer face24, a side24and/or an outside24of the substrate22. The face24can also, for example, be or include a circuit board layer, for example, a top layer24. For example, the radiator element14is not fed according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure from the lower side (bottom layer) through the substrate22by a microstrip line12. Exemplary advantages with respect to the layer structure and substrate22are produced by the transition proposed here, as summarised below. For example, at high frequencies around about 80 GHz, the substrates22of the circuit board can become very thin (<200 μm), and can also be called high frequency substrates (HF substrates). Therefore, the circuit board or substrate22can be configured as a sandwich structure for stabilisation in that the thin substrate suitable for high frequencies is glued onto a stable circuit board, for example made of FR4 material, with a prepreg layer. A further circuit board having a similar thickness to the HF substrate22can then be applied to the lower side of the FR4 board or circuit board. As a result, a symmetrical layer structure can be achieved having the advantage of not losing its shape on heating.

With such exemplary sandwich structure configuration, etching structures into the HF substrate on the lower side can involve a high outlay in terms of technology, as this lower side can only be glued onto the FR4 core after etching. As a result, warping may develop in the etched HF substrate. The etching can be preferably as carried out once the sandwich structure has been glued together.

In the exemplary structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a continuous copper face, which is connectable to earth potential and in which no structures have to be etched, can be formed on the lower side of the substrate22or on that of the HF board.

It should be pointed out that “comprising” and “having” do not rule out the possibility of other elements or steps and “one” or “a” does not rule out the possibility of a plurality. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other above-described embodiments. Reference signs in the claims should not be considered to be restrictive.

Further, it is noted that the foregoing merely illustrates the exemplary principles of the present disclosure. Various modifications and alterations to the described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous systems, arrangements, and procedures which, although not explicitly shown or described herein, embody the principles of the disclosure and can be thus within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Various different exemplary embodiments can be used together with one another, as well as interchangeably therewith, as should be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art. In addition, certain terms used in the present disclosure, including the specification, drawings and claims thereof, can be used synonymously in certain instances, including, but not limited to, for example, data and information. It should be understood that, while these words, and/or other words that can be synonymous to one another, can be used synonymously herein, that there can be instances when such words can be intended to not be used synonymously. Further, to the extent that the prior art knowledge has not been explicitly incorporated by reference herein above, it is explicitly incorporated herein in its entirety. All publications referenced are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, as applicable.