Bottle inspection machine

The present invention relates to a bottle inspection machine with a plurality of inspection sections (8-10) that are equipped to perform different inspection tasks and a sorting station (11) which, depending on the results of the inspection, releases the bottles to different conveyor sections (2-5). In order to provide functional control of the machine, a secondary conveyor section that is formed by a rotating bottle carrier (13) together with the inspection sections (8-10) forms a closed circuit into which test bottles (T) can be introduced from a magazine. The inspection sections (8-10) that are formed by rotating bottle carriers, like the bottle carriers (13) that form the secondary conveyor section, have receiving points for the bottles on their peripheries and during functional checking form a continuous row with their receiving points. In this way, a system test of the control systems can be carried out, even with the machine at high operating power, with very few test bottles (T), in particular if the test bottles (T) pass through the machine several times, without manual intervention.

The present invention relates to a bottle inspection machine that has a 
plurality of inspection sections that are arranged one behind the other 
and are used for different inspection tasks such as monitoring for size 
and correct type, for monitoring the walls, opening, and bottom; for 
monitoring residual contents as well as the stoppers, in particular 
bail-type stoppers. The bottles are moved through these inspection 
sections by one or a plurality of rotating bottle carriers that are 
arranged one behind the other and which have on their peripheries 
receiving points for the bottles, when they are inspected. It also has a 
sorting station that is arranged at the end of the inspection sections and 
moves the bottles to different conveyor sections depending on the results 
of the inspections, and a magazine that can be connected to the inspection 
sections, from which test bottles can be introduced into the inspection 
sections and, in particular, can be removed from the inspection sections 
once again and returned to the magazine, it being possible to 
short-circuit the beginning and the end of the inspection sections through 
a secondary conveyor section, thereby forming a closed circuit for the 
test bottles. 
In modern inspection machines that are used in practice (prospectus from 
Holstein & Kappert GmbH, Vollinspektionsmaschine ALPHATRONIC [The 
Alphatronic Complete Inspection Machine] AL/684.1.5d/Howa; prospectus from 
Krones GmbH, Inspektionstechnik [Inspection Technology] (5000 d 04/87), 
the systems used for the various checks are arranged on one or a plurality 
of inspection sections that are arranged one behind the other and formed 
from rotating bottle carriers with receiving points for the bottles on 
their peripheries. In order to carry out periodic checks on the correct 
operation of such systems, provision is made such that different test 
bottles can be introduced into the system, and the results of such 
inspections checked. It is customary that a large number of test bottles 
pass through the machine in order to complete such a system test. Since 
the test bottles are introduced by hand and the test bottles that are 
singled out at the end of the inspection sections have to be removed once 
again by hand, a considerable effort is required on the part of operating 
personnel. 
The patent literature (DE-A1 33 24 449) describes a bottle inspection 
machine of the type described in the introduction hereto. In contrast to 
the inspection machines that are used in practice and which have been 
described, these are distinguished in that in this machine the bottles do 
not have to be introduced into the inspection sections by hand. In the 
case of this bottle inspection machine, which has a single rotating bottle 
carrier having receiving points arranged on its periphery and which 
delivers the bottles through an input side conveyor belt and removes them 
by way of an outlet side conveyor belt, and a conveyor belt branches off 
from the outlet side conveyor belt, and this opens out into the inlet side 
conveyor belt. Test bottles for a system test can be held at readiness on 
this conveyor belt. Thus, this conveyor belt forms a magazine for the test 
bottles. In order to be able to carry out a system test, test bottles are 
introduced into the inspection section with the barriers on the conveyor 
belt set in the appropriate positions and, after passing through the 
inspection machine, are returned from the outlet side conveyor belt onto 
this conveyor belt. The test bottles can pass through the inspection 
machine several times. An additional return of the test bottles is 
effected by way of an additional secondary conveyor section that starts 
from the rotating bottle carrier and includes a sorting station and opens 
out into the first secondary conveyor section. Thus, during a system test, 
a distinction is made between flawed and unflawed bottles and the flawed 
bottles are returned to the circuit through the sorting station. When this 
is done, it is important that in the case of the flawed and the unflawed 
bottles an originally established sequence of unflawed and flawed bottles 
is disrupted. In the case of a repeated passage, the test results are thus 
no longer comparable, i.e., accurate replication is not possible with this 
machine. A further disadvantage of this machine is that because of the 
type of return transport and the introduction of the test bottles into the 
inlet side conveyor section, a system test cannot be conducted at the 
highest possible operating power of the machine. 
It is the task of the present invention to create a bottle inspection 
machine with which an automatic system test can be carried out with test 
bottles under operating conditions and at a high level of accuracy. 
This task has been solved using a bottle inspection machine of the type 
described in the introduction hereto, such that the secondary conveyor 
section is formed as a rotating bottle carrier with receiving points for 
the test bottles on its periphery and, in the short circuited state, the 
receiving points of the bottle carrier that forms the secondary conveyor 
section and of the other bottle carrier(s) forming the inspection sections 
form a continuous chain of receiving points for the test bottles. 
The bottle inspection machine according to the present invention is made up 
of identical elements that are chained to each other, these being 
rotatable bottle carriers with receiving points that are arranged on their 
peripheries, these then forming a continuous chain of receiving points. 
This satisfies the prerequisite that the test bottles are optimally guided 
along their total path in the circuit. In this way, the system test can be 
carried out at maximum operating power of the machine. Because the bottles 
are moved in a continuous chain, their path through the machine can be 
followed precisely. It is an additional advantage that because the end and 
the beginning of the inspection sections are joined through a secondary 
conveyor section that is in the form of a rotatable bottle carrier it is 
possible to carry out the test with a smaller number of test bottles. 
The inspection results that are generated by the individual inspection 
elements of the inspection machine are processed by a computer that 
determines the inspection result of each individual test bottle at the 
individual inspection elements for each passage so that, after one or a 
plurality of passages through the machine, it is possible to state whether 
or not the individual inspection elements have detected all the faults or 
which faults they have not detected. 
Since, in the present invention, the bottles can be so guided in a closed 
circuit that the sorting station does not necessarily have to be 
incorporated in the circuit, it is also ensured that the sequence of 
unflawed and flawed test bottles that has been set up is retained for each 
passage through the machine. This means that the test results obtained 
from the individual passages can be compared with each other. This is 
particularly important for accurate testing of the different receiving 
points with their associated handling elements for the bottle because in 
the case of several passes, each receiving point can be checked for 
different test bottles. 
It is particularly advantageous if, according to one configuration of the 
present invention, the number of receiving points in the circuit is a 
multiple of the number of receiving points of the bottle carrier that 
comprises the secondary conveyor section. In this configuration of the 
invention if the bottle carrier that is configured as the secondary 
conveyor section assumes the function of the magazine, then no additional 
empty places in the magazine are necessary in order to accommodate the 
test bottles that are returned into the magazine. 
In order to make the engagement of the secondary conveyor section that is 
formed as a rotating bottle carrier with a fixed axis of rotation as 
simple as possible, on the periphery of the bottle carrier, in the area of 
its receiving points, there is at least one recess; when the magazine is 
stationary and out of the circuit, i.e., during normal inspection 
operation, this recess permits the unhindered movement of bottles from the 
inlet of the machine into the inspection sections and from the inspection 
sections to the outlet at the transfer points between the secondary 
conveyor belt and the inspection sections. However, it is also possible to 
make the secondary conveyor section that is configured as a rotating 
bottle carrier adjustable with reference to its axis of rotation, so that 
it can be switched in and out of the circuit. 
In another, alternative, version, the functions of the secondary conveyor 
section and the magazine are separate. In this case, the magazine can be 
connected to the secondary conveyor section that is configured as a 
rotatable bottle carrier with a fixed axis of rotation; the distribution 
of its receiving points corresponds to the distribution of the receiving 
points of the inspection sections and are driven simultaneously and 
synchronously with the receiving points in the secondary conveyor section. 
In this way, the bottle carrier can always run with the other bottle 
carriers. Whether the short circuit will be formed through it depends 
solely on how the retaining and transfer means provided at the transfer 
point are positioned. In this configuration of the present invention, it 
preferred that the magazine and the receiving points form a circular 
section. 
In inspection machines, it is customary that at each of the receiving 
points of the rotating bottle carrier that is used there are separate 
retaining and transfer means for the bottles. In order to ensure the 
correct transfer from the bottle carriers of the inspection section and 
the secondary transfer sections, and vice versa, it must be possible to 
release the retaining and transfer means that are involved in this 
transfer individually. This is costly, and the control procedures that are 
required to do it affect the potential throughput of the machine. 
The problems described above can be solved very simply in the apparatus 
according to the present invention in that switches (points) that can be 
reset are provided at least four points in the inspection sections, at the 
transfer points to the secondary conveyor sections; in the first position 
of the switches, the test bottles move from the secondary conveyor section 
into the inspection sections; in the second position of the switches, the 
inspection sections are short-circuited and the bottles are moved on the 
inspection sections via the secondary conveyor section back into the 
inspection sections; in the third position, the test bottles move out of 
the inspection sections into the secondary conveyor section and remain in 
it; finally, in the fourth position, the bottles pass into the inspection 
sections on the secondary section. 
If a large number of bottles are to be accommodated in the magazine that is 
formed by a bottle carrier, the switches can be so configured that they 
can be rotated into a fifth position in which the bottles are kept in the 
secondary section. In this way, the bottles in the bottle carrier can be 
kept in the circuit until all the test bottles have reached their 
prescribed rest position during normal inspection operation. 
Given such a configuration of the present invention, in order to be 
transferred from the inspection sections to the secondary conveyor 
section, the bottles no longer have to be released or retained 
individually by the retaining devices of the bottle carrier that is 
involved. Instead, they will be guided positively depending on the 
position of the switches. Since it is no longer necessary to activate the 
retaining devices individually for the transfer, simply configured holders 
can be used in the bottle carriers. In addition, the switches have to be 
moved from the normal inspection operation to the short-circuited checking 
status of the machine only at the beginning and the end of the changeover, 
so that the machine output is not affected during the check itself. 
Thus, the control technology that is required to switch the inspection 
device and the production technology that is required to manufacture the 
inspection device can be reduced to a minimum. This leads to reduced 
manufacturing and maintenance costs. 
A configuration of the switches that is appropriate in practice is 
characterized in that each switch consists of two parts that are arranged 
one behind the other in the direction in which the bottles move and which 
can be set independently of each other; these parts can each pivot about a 
fixed point of rotation. The guide surfaces of the switches that are 
associated with the secondary conveyor section should incorporate a 
curvature that is identical to the curvature of the secondary conveyor 
section and the guide surfaces that are associated with the inspection 
sections should incorporate a curvature that is identical to the curvature 
of the inspection sections. Furthermore, it is useful if, ahead of and/or 
behind the transfer points from the inspection sections to the secondary 
conveyor section there are fixed guides that facilitate the entry and 
departure of the bottles in the transfer area. This, too, should 
incorporate a curvature that matches the curvature of each conveyor 
section that is associated with them. 
Retaining devices in the bottle carriers can be dispensed with entirely if 
the exposed sides of the secondary conveyor section are defined by guide 
rails and it is not necessary that the test bottles be held in a specific 
rotated position. 
In order to be able to carry out a complete and automatic system test when 
the inspection machine is operating, the bottle inspection machine is 
fitted with an automatic control system with a bottle barrier at the inlet 
and a power control which, after activation of the bottle lock, reduces 
the power of the machine, and a throughput control at the output which, 
when there is no flow of bottles, sends a signal to the automatic control 
system, by means of which the automatic control system initiates insertion 
of the test bottles from the magazine and the closing down of the circuit, 
and after at least one single passage of the test bottles initiates 
ejection of the test bottles from the circuit into the magazine, after 
which the automatic control system opens the bottle lock and sends a 
signal to the power control system to increase the power of the machine. 
When this is done, the automatic control system preferably takes the 
magazine out of circuit once it has been refilled.

Whereas the two embodiments of the bottle inspection machine shown in FIGS. 
1 to 5 differ from each other only slightly with respect to their 
secondary conveyor sections and their test bottle magazine, the embodiment 
of the bottle inspection machine that is shown in FIG. 6 differs 
significantly from the two previous embodiments. However, common to all 
these embodiments is the principle that test bottles can be moved from a 
test bottle magazine into a closed circuit and then returned to the 
magazine from this closed circuit. 
In all of the embodiments, the bottles that are to be inspected move 
through an inlet formed by a conveyor belt 1 into the inspection machine 
and leave the machine by way of conveyor belts 2, 3, 4, 5, depending on 
the results of the inspection. Between the outlet side conveyor belts 2 to 
5, there are a plurality of bottle carriers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 
arranged one behind the other, by which the bottles that are to be 
inspected are moved. These bottle carriers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are 
formed in the manner known per se as rotary stars or rotary tables, with 
receiving points arranged on their peripheries, and are so connected and 
driven that a self-contained row of bottles can be moved through the 
section that they form. 
The individual rotary stars or rotary tables are equipped to carry out 
different inspection tasks and, optionally, to orient the bottles, for 
example, bottles with bail-type stoppers. Such devices are similarly known 
per se. Thus, the inlet side bottle carrier 6 is fitted with devices to 
check errors in height and check for the correct bottle type. The bottle 
carrier 7 is in the form of a suction star. The suction devices that are 
controllable and are associated with the individual receiving points are 
so controlled, as a function of the results obtained from the device used 
to check bottle type and height in bottle carrier 6, that only bottles 
without such faults are taken over from the bottle carrier 7, whereas 
incorrect bottle types and bottles that are of the incorrect height are 
passed to the conveyor 2. 
The bottle carrier 8 is equipped to inspect bottles having bail-type 
stoppers. During the inspection of such bottles, in comparison to other 
bottles, it is also necessary to check the bail-type stopper and move the 
bail-type stopper into a position in which it does not interfere with 
inspection of the walls of the bottle. For this reason, it is necessary to 
have a comparatively long section in order to ensure this orientation and 
handling of the bottle, and for purposes of the inspection itself. When 
this is done, conventional inspection devices are used on the bottle 
carrier 8 to orient the bottle with a bail-type stopper and its stopper, 
as well as for inspecting the bail-type stopper, side walls, and the neck 
of the bottle on the bottle carrier 8. 
The bottles that have been inspected in this way are moved whilst retaining 
their rotated position through the bottle carrier 9 onto the bottle 
carrier 10, where there are devices to check the mouth and bottom of the 
bottle and to check it for residual liquid content. All inspections are 
carried out after passage through the bottle carrier 10. 
The inspection results obtained for the individual bottles are stored so 
that the individual bottles can then be moved to the appropriate conveyor 
belt 3, 4, 5. A bottle carrier 11 that is configured as a suction star is 
adjacent to the bottle carrier 10, and this forms a sorting station. The 
suction devices that are associated with the individual receiving points 
are so controlled as a function of the inspection result that bottles that 
have glass faults are moved onto conveyor belt 3, bottles with stopper 
faults and with faults related to residual liquid content are moved onto 
conveyor belt 4, and unflawed bottles are moved through the bottle carrier 
12 that is configured in the form of an intermediate star and then onto 
the conveyor belt 5. 
Between the bottle carrier 7 and the bottle carrier 11 there is a magazine 
13, 14 that is in the form of a bottle carrier with receiving points 
arranged around its (periphery); the inspection sections of the bottle 
carriers 7, 8, 9, 10 can be short-circuited to form a closed circuit and 
so as to exclude the sorting station of the bottle carrier 11. When this 
is done, part of the transport path of the bottle carrier that forms the 
magazine 13, 14 forms a secondary conveyor section N. In the example that 
is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the magazine 13 has two groups of receiving 
points, and the magazine 14 that is shown in the embodiment illustrated in 
FIGS. 3 and 4 has one group of receiving points. The positional circles of 
the receiving points of the bottle carrier 7, 11, 13, 14 touch each other 
so that at the points that are tangent to each other the bottles can be 
transferred from the bottle carrier 13, 14 that forms the magazine onto 
the bottle carrier 7 or can be moved from the bottle carrier 11 into the 
magazine. In order that undisrupted movement of bottles through the bottle 
carriers 7, 11 past the bottle carrier 13, 14 is possible when the bottle 
carrier 13, 14 is stationary, despite the positional circles touching each 
other, the bottle carrier 13, 14 has on its periphery, in the area of the 
receiving points, the recesses 13a, 13b, 14a, and these lie in the area of 
the positional circles that are tangent to each other when the bottle 
carrier 13, 14 is stationary. 
The inspection machine described above operates in the following manner: 
In order to provide for fully automatic operation of the system, the 
machine is fitted with an automatic control system. After the automatic 
control system has been switched on, the delivery of bottles that are to 
be inspected is stopped on the conveyor belt 1 by means of a barrier. As 
soon as the last bottle that is still in the machine has left the machine 
by way of the outlets 2 to 5, a power control system reduces the power of 
the machine. When the machine is running at low power the test bottle 
magazine 13, 14 is engaged. Switches 15, 16 are arranged [on the] 
secondary conveyor section N that is formed. Each of the switches 15, 16 
consists of two parts 15a, b, 16a, b, that can be pivoted into at least 
two positions independently of each other; they are arranged in pairs 
opposite to each other in the direction of movement of the bottles. The 
side walls 15c, 16c of the parts 15a, b, 16a, b, that are associated with 
each of the inspection sections have the identical curvature as the 
inspection sections at this point. In exactly the same way, the walls 15d, 
16d that are opposite the walls 15c, 16c are of a curvature that matches 
the curvature of the secondary conveyor section N at the transfer point. 
Behind the transfer point 17 at the end of the secondary conveyor section 
N there is a fixed guide 19 that facilitates the unhindered insertion of 
the test bottles T into the closed circuit. The magazine 30 has a guide 
rail 20 that encloses the exposed area of its periphery. 
The inspection machine that has been described above operates in the 
following manner: 
In order to provide for fully automatic operation of the system, the 
machine is fitted with an automatic control system. Once the automatic 
control system has been switched on, the delivery of bottles that are to 
be inspected is first stopped on the conveyor belt 1 by means of a 
barrier. As soon as the last bottle that is still in the machine has left 
the machine through the outlets 2 to 5 a power control system reduces the 
power of the machine. 
When the machine is running at low power, the test bottle magazine 13 is 
engaged. The test bottles T that are shown in the magazine in FIGS. 1 and 
3 move onto the bottle carrier 7 and are inserted into the test sections. 
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the test bottles T on these test sections. The bottle 
carrier 11 that is used in the inspection machine shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 as 
a controlled suction star, and which also serves as a sorting station, is 
so controlled that the incoming test bottles T are once again returned to 
the magazine 13, 14. The test bottles can be passed to the test sections 
once again from the magazine 13, 14. This forms a closed circuit. The 
bottles can pass through this circuit several times. During the test, the 
power of the machine is increased by the power control system so that the 
tests can be carried out in the shortest possible time and under operating 
conditions for high throughput. At the end of the test, the power of the 
machine is reduced once again and the magazine 13, 14 is once again filled 
with the test bottles. The bottle barrier at the inlet to the machine is 
opened and the power of the machine is increased once again. 
Including the actual and the missing receiving points of the bottle carrier 
13, 14 that forms the magazine between the transfer points of the bottle 
carrier 7, 13, 11 results in a number of receiving points for the circuit 
that is a multiple of the number of actual receiving points of the bottle 
carrier 13 and the missing receiving points in the area of the recesses 
13a, b, 14a. In the embodiment shown, the circuit contains 72 receiving 
points. The number and arrangement of actual and missing receiving points 
of the bottle carriers 13, 14, 24 is so selected that the test bottles in 
the bottle carrier 13, 14 that forms the magazine are moved into these 
same receiving points of the magazine after each passage once again and 
fill it. Because of the fact that the closed circuit is formed whilst 
excluding the sorting station of the bottle carrier 11, it is ensured that 
the sequence of unflawed and flawed bottles in the row of test bottles T 
is maintained during each passage. In this way, the test results obtained 
from the individual passages can be compared and a high level of 
replication accuracy is obtained. Because of the fact that during a 
repeated passage, on the basis of the behaviour of the test bottles that 
are introduced and the receiving points of the circuit, it is possible to 
ensure that the individual test bottles always move into other receiving 
points, the function of each individual receiving point can be checked 
with different test bottles. 
In contrast to the machine that is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, in the inspection 
machine that is shown in FIGS. 5 and 5a-e, the operating state is 
determined by means of the switches 15, 16 that are arranged in the area 
of each transfer point at the end 17 and the start 18 of the secondary 
conveyor section N that is formed by part of the path of movement of the 
magazine 13. The switches 15, 16 each consist of two parts 15a, b, 16a, b, 
that can be pivoted into at least two positions independently of each 
other; these are in each instance arranged in pairs in the direction of 
movement of the bottles so as to be opposite each other. The side walls 
15c, 16c of the parts 15a, b, 16a, b, that are associated with each 
inspection section are of the identical curvature as the inspection 
sections at this place. In exactly the same way, its wall 15d, 16d that is 
opposite the wall 15c, 16c is of the same curvature as the curvature of 
the secondary conveyor section N at the transfer point. After the transfer 
point 17, at the end of the secondary conveyor section N, there is a fixed 
guide 19 that facilitates the smooth introduction of the test bottles T 
into the closed circuit. The magazine 30 incorporates a guide rail 20 that 
passes around the exposed area of its periphery. 
The FIGS. 5a-e show the different operating positions of the switches 15, 
16. At the beginning of the testing operation (FIG. 5a, b) the part 15a of 
the switch 15 that is first in the direction in which the bottles move is 
pivoted in the direction of the bottle carrier 7, whereas the other part 
15b is pivoted in the direction of the magazine 13. This means that the 
transfer point 17 at the end of the secondary conveyor section is opened 
and the test bottles T will move into the receiving points on the bottle 
carrier 7, along the side walls 15d, c of the parts 15a, b as the magazine 
13 rotates. At the same time, the second switch 16 is in a closed position 
such that the remaining test bottles T move past it to the transfer point 
17. These positions of the switches 15, 16 are maintained until all the 
test bottles T have been moved out of the magazine 13. 
Next (FIG. 5c) the switch 16 is opened in that its first part 16a is 
pivoted in the direction of the magazine 30 and its other part 16b remains 
in its former position, with the result that the test bottles T are moved 
once again into the secondary section N. From this moment on, the 
inspection sections are short-circuited through the secondary conveyor 
sections. This position of the switches 15, 16 is maintained until the 
testing of the machine has been concluded. 
Then, in order to refill the magazine with the test bottles T (FIG. 5d), 
the switch 15 is closed in that the part 15b is also pivoted in the 
direction of the bottle carrier 7. In this way, the test bottles T are 
held in the magazine 13. Once all the test bottles have moved into the 
magazine (FIG. 5e) the switch 16 is also moved once more into the first 
closed position. This state is maintained until the magazine 30 is in the 
resting position in which the recesses 13a, b face the particular bottle 
carrier 7, 11. Finally, the switches 15, 16 are then pivoted from the area 
of the inspection sections into their second closed position, in that 
their two parts are each rotated in the direction of the magazine 30 so 
that the normal bottles that are to be inspected pass the transfer point 
17, 18. 
In contrast to the embodiments discussed above, in the embodiment shown in 
FIG. 6, the rotating bottle carrier 21 that forms the secondary conveyor 
section N for the short circuit is provided with receiving points 21a 
around all of its periphery. This bottle carrier 21 rotates continuously 
synchronously and at equal speed with the other bottle carriers, in 
particular the adjacent bottle carrier 7, 11. This bottle carrier 21 has 
the sole task of forming the secondary conveyor section N for the closed 
circuit. A magazine 22 is associated with the bottle carrier 21 and this 
consists of a cellular chain 22c with receiving points 22d for the test 
bottles T that are formed from the cells, the whole running over guide 
rollers 22a, 22b. The distribution (interval) of the receiving points 22d 
corresponds to the way the bottle carrier 21 is divided. The cellular 
chain 22c can be driven synchronously and in the same direction as the 
bottle carrier 21. In order to transfer test bottles from the receiving 
points 22d of the test bottle magazine 22 into the receiving points of the 
bottle carrier 21, the test bottle magazine 22 is shifted in the direction 
of the bottle carrier 21. The bottles are taken over in the usual way by 
means of grippers or suction devices that are arranged at the receiving 
points of the bottle carrier 21. These grippers or suction devices also 
serve to ensure that, during a test run, the test bottles are taken over 
by the bottle carrier 11 and do not move into the outlet 3. 
The fully automatic operation of the system using the embodiment shown in 
FIGS. 4 and 6 is in principle the same as in the other machines. There are 
differences, however, in the manner in which the test bottles T are fed 
into the closed circuit and, in the case of the machine shown in FIG. 6, 
are removed from it and into the magazine 16.