Mine roof supports

Mine roof support comprising a base including a pair of skids, a roof engaging canopy, jacks acting between the base and the canopy, an auxiliary jack connected to the base for lifting or lowering at least part of the base when the support advances and a lost motion arrangement connected between the base and the auxiliary jack for aiding movement of the base and the roof engaging canopy toward each other. The lost motion arrangement is connected to each of the skids by a pivotal connection which permits the front end of one skid to move vertically to a limited extent with respect to the front end of the adjacent skid.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to mine roof supports. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
Mine roof supports are well known and generally comprise a base, a roof 
engaging canopy, and jack means acting between the base and canopy to urge 
the canopy into supporting engagement with a mine roof. 
There may be additional shield means at the rear of the support and there 
may be guide linkage means acting between the base and the shield means. 
Generally the base has advancing means connected thereto, including an 
advancing ram, for connection to a mine conveyor, the ram being operable 
to advance the conveyor when the support is in its set position engaging 
the mine roof, and subsequently to advance the support, when the conveyor 
is in a new position and the support has been freed from the mine roof by 
retraction of the jack means. In some situations the advancing ram may 
operate through an associated component known as a relay bar. 
It is occasionally necessary to provide means for lifting the front of the 
base as the support moves forwardly, to assist the support in sliding over 
debris or other obstructions on the mine floor. Generally such means 
comprises auxiliary jack means connected to the support and operable to 
bear downwardly on a part of the advancing means, thus providing an 
up-thrust on the support. 
However, this auxiliary jack means, although it can be made relatively 
short in length, nevertheless extends for a significant distance in the 
upward direction, even when fully retracted. This in turn limits the 
extent to which the base and canopy can move towards one another and in 
known arrangements, if the base and canopy are to be fully collapsed 
together for transportation or storage, it may be necessary to remove the 
auxiliary jack means, or a part thereof. 
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
It is the object of this invention to avoid or reduce the above mentioned 
problem. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
According to the invention, such problems are avoided or reduced by 
providing a mine roof support comprising a base, a roof engaging canopy, 
jack means acting between the base and canopy, and auxiliary jack means 
connected to the base for use in lifting or lowering at least part of the 
base for example if it meets an obstruction when the support advances, the 
connection between the base and the auxiliary jack means including lost 
motion means. 
The lost motion means may increase the ability of the base and canopy to 
move towards one another, thus assisting vertical compaction of the 
support for transportation or storage. 
The lost motion means may be used to prolong the contact between the 
auxiliary jack means and support advancing means over a greater distance 
than would be available solely from the auxiliary jack means. 
The auxiliary jack means may be arranged to act between part of a generally 
horizontally extending advancing means of the support and an abutment 
member extending across and above the said part. 
The advancing means may comprise an advancing ram and a relay bar. 
The abutment member may comprise a retention plate. 
The auxiliary jack means may comprise a generally cylindrical ram, and the 
ram may act within a housing, one end of which is bridged by the retention 
plate. 
Preferably the lost motion is provided by a second housing which surrounds 
the first housing and is slidable therealong between a pair of stops. 
The housings may comprise tubes. 
One stop may comprise an extension of the retention plate. 
The second stop may comprise a projection on the inner housing. 
The projection may comprise an annular flange. 
The annular flange or other projection may be arranged to shear off if it 
is subjected to excess load, to protect the auxiliary jack means and the 
advancing means. 
The invention is particularly useful with certain forms of mine roof 
support, having a base in the form of a pair of parallel skids between 
which the advancing ram is arranged. 
With such a support, the auxiliary jack means and lost motion means can 
conveniently be connected between the two skids. 
Various forms of mine roof support are known, having a base in the form of 
parallel skids, in which the skids are linked together in various ways to 
prevent or control horizontal or vertical displacement of one skid with 
respect to the other. 
Generally, it is desirable to prevent or substantially restrict any 
relative vertical or horizontal displacement between the rear ends of the 
skid and various arrangements are known for providing the necessary degree 
of control, including rigid, welded rear bridges, or the use of torsion 
resistant inter-connecting rear links. 
However, there can be advantages in allowing each skid to pivot vertically 
about its rear end, with respect to the other skid, thus enabling the 
front end of each skid to move vertically, to a limited extent, with 
respect to the front end of the other skid. For example, this allows the 
base to shape itself, to a limited extent, to an uneven mine floor, thus 
bringing about better distribution of load. 
Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lost motion means is 
connected to each of the skids by a pivotal connection which permits the 
front end of one skid to move vertically to a limited extent with respect 
to the front end of the adjacent skid. 
Preferably the distance between the pivotal connections is fixed. This has 
the added advantage that the lost motion means is able to perform a triple 
function. In addition to providing the necessary lost motion according to 
the basic principal of the invention, it also permits the said relative 
movement in the vertical direction, but substantially prevents any 
relative movement of the front ends of the skids in the transverse 
horizontal direction. This in turn reduces or prevents any tendency for 
the front ends of the skids to splay apart as the support moves forwardly 
through mine floor debris. 
The pivotal connections may each be formed by a projecting lug on the said 
outer tube which lug is connected by a pivot pin to a corresponding lug on 
the support base. 
The invention also involves an embodiment in which the base comprises a 
pair of pontoons interconnected by at least one bridge, the auxiliary jack 
means acting between the bridge and support advancing means. 
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the 
following description of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of 
example.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The support shown in the Figures comprises a base 10, a roof engaging 
canopy 11, and jack means in the form of two, side by side, hydraulic 
legs, one of which can be seen at 12 in FIG. 1. 
The base 10 comprises a pair of spaced-apart parallel skids 13 and 14. 
Pivotally connected to the canopy 11 at 15 is a rear shield 16 and each of 
the skids 13 and 14 is pivotally linked to the shield 16 by its own pair 
of rear links 17 and 18. Each of the links 17 and 18 is pivotally 
connected to the associated skid and is also connected to the shield 16. 
The links 17 and 18 comprise a linkage of the type known as a lemniscate 
linkage and this controls the movement of the canopy 11 with respect to 
the base 14, in a known manner, as the hydraulic legs extend or retract. 
Mounted between the skids 13 and 14 is a forwardly extending hydraulic 
advancing ram 19, for use in connecting the support to a mining conveyor, 
part of which can be seen at 20. 
The support also has other equipment, such as valve gear 21, which need not 
be described in detail, and a compensating ram 22 for use in adjusting the 
distribution of load to the canopy 11. 
The basic functions of the support are generally conventional, in that the 
hydraulic legs can be used to set the support, causing the canopy 11 to 
come into load bearing engagement with a mine roof. After a web of coal or 
other mineral has been removed from in front of the conveyor 20 by the 
passage of a mining machine, the advancing ram 19, together with the 
advancing rams of adjacent, similar supports, can be used to advance the 
conveyor 20 to a new position. Mine roof supports can then be selectively 
freed from the roof by lowering of the hydraulic legs 12 and can be then 
drawn forward to a new position using the ram 19. 
This particular support has a novel means for raising the front ends of the 
skids 13 and 14, to assist their passage over debris or other projections 
in the mine floor. 
The rear ends 23 of the skids are held substantially rigid with respect to 
one another, in the horizontal and vertical directions, by any convenient 
means, such as, for example, a rear bridge, or torsion resistant bracing 
between one or both pairs of links 17 and 18, for instance in the form of 
a torsion box. 
Although horizontal and vertical relative movement is substantially 
prevented, the rear connections still permit limited pivotal movement of 
one skid with respect to the other, about a horizontal transverse axis 
passing through the rear of the skids, and so the front end of each skid 
is free to move in the upward direction, with respect to the front end of 
the opposite skid, to a limited extent. The limit of movement of the skid 
14, relative the skid 13, is shown in FIG. 2 by the solid lines 14, and 
the chain lines 14a. 
Such limited movement of one skid with respect to the other has certain 
advantages, for example in the distribution of load over an uneven mine 
floor. 
The novel front lifting apparatus which is about to be described in detail 
has particular advantages in that it fulfills three functions. Not only 
does it provide the necessary lifting of the front ends of the skids, but 
it also accommodates the limited relative vertical movement of one skid 
with respect to the other, and at the same time ties the front ends of the 
skids together in the horizontal transverse direction, thus preventing the 
skids from splaying apart as the support moves through mine floor debris. 
The novel base lifting apparatus comprises a short stroke hydraulic ram 24, 
the cylinder 25 of which has a shoe 26 which slidably engages on the 
support ram 19. 
Surrounding the ram 24 is an inner tube 27, of cylindrical form, the upper 
end of which is closed by a retention plate 28 against which the piston 
rod 29 of the ram abuts. 
The cylindrical outer sleeve 30 surrounds the inner sleeve 27. The sleeve 
30 is shorter than the sleeve 27 and can slide therealong between end 
stops provided by the projecting edge 31 of the plate 28, and by a sheer 
flange 32 welded to the inner tube 27. 
The outer tube 30 has a pair of projecting opposed lugs 33 and 34 and these 
are pivotally connected by pins 35 and 36 to corresponding lugs 36 and 37 
on the skids 13 and 14. 
The tube 30 and lugs 33 and 34 provide a longitudinally rigid link between 
the pivot pins 35 and 36 which ties the front ends of the skids together 
to prevent splaying, while permitting the limited relative vertical 
movement, via the pivot pins 35 and 36. 
If the front end of one skid moves vertically with respect to the front end 
of the other skid, the tilting of the outer tube 30 causes corresponding 
tilting of the inner tube 27 and ram 24, and the arc marked 38 shows the 
maximum permissible angular movement of the ram 24 and associated 
components. 
If it is desired to use the ram 24 to lift the front ends of the skid away 
from the mine floor, then the situation shown in the working position of 
FIG. 2 arises. A bottom plate 39 of the canopy 11 is well clear of the 
retention plate 28, even when the canopy 11 has been lowered from the mine 
roof sufficiently to permit the support to advance. Extension of the ram 
24 causes the piston rod 29 to extend and raise the retention plate 28. 
The outer tube 33 is resting on the sheer flange 32 and when the plate 28 
rises, it lifts with it the inner tube 27, the sheer flange 32, and hence 
the outer tube 30, lugs 33, 34, 36 and 37, and hence lifts the skids 13 
and 14. 
In this particular embodiment, the two tubes 27 and 30 provide a lost 
motion arrangement which increases the degree to which the base 10 and 
canopy 11 can be moved towards one another, when it is desired to collapse 
the support for transportation and storage. It will be appreciated that 
mine roof supports often have to be transported or manipulated in very 
confined spaces, and it is important to be able to reduce as much as 
possible the overall dimensions of a collapsed support. 
As the hydraulic legs of the support are fully retracted to collapse the 
support, a point is reached where the canopy bottom plate 39 comes into 
contact with the retention plate 28, as shown in FIG. 3. With prior art 
supports, maximum collapse of the support is reached at this point. 
However, with the support according to this embodiment, the skids 13 and 
14, i.e. the base 10, can continue relative movement towards the canopy 11 
by relative upward sliding movement of the outer tube 30 until the outer 
tube 30 comes into contact with the projecting edge 31 of the retention 
plate 28. Thus a significant additional degree of compaction of the 
support is made possible. 
The sheer flange 32 protects the ram 24 if a situation should accidentally 
arise where excessive load is applied to the ram 24. If for example the 
much more powerful main hydraulic legs should accidentally be extended, to 
force the canopy 11 into contact with the mine roof, while the ram 24 is 
still in its lifting position, the flange 32 would simply sheer off, 
removing load from the ram 24 and thus protecting it. 
Many other configurations are possible. For example other forms of lost 
motion mechanisms may be used, and the supports may have any desired 
number of main legs. For instant four support legs may be used instead of 
two. 
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are 
filed concurrently with or previous to this specification and which are 
open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all 
such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. 
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any 
accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of 
any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, 
except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are 
mutually exclusive. 
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying 
claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features 
serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated 
otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed 
is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. 
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing 
embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel 
combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including 
any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or 
any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.