Device and method for warning of vehicle battery deterioration

An improved device and corresponding method for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in which a motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, prior to failure of the starter mechanism to enable starting of the engine. Featuring the addition of at least one noise and/or vibration sensor, at least one corresponding noise and/or vibration level tester, a logic circuit, and a delay mechanism, to a device and method including a timer responsive to activation of the starter mechanism to time a given time interval, a voltage level tester for measuring a voltage across the battery at the end of the given time interval, a counter for performing an incremental count of occasions on which the voltage is below a given level, and an alarm unit for providing a warning signal when the incremental count is greater than a given number. The logic circuit causes activation of the alarm unit to provide an additional warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration following engine turn-off, upon fulfillment of an `AND` logic operation by receiving (i) a first signal from the noise and/or vibration level tester less than a pre-determined threshold level indicating engine turn-off, and (ii) a delayed second signal from the counter that the incremental count is greater than the given number indicating sudden drop in battery voltage less than the given level following the given time interval. The delay mechanism enables proper synchronization of activation of the logic circuit and the alarm unit. A simpler embodiment has no counter, but includes a latch circuit for registering, storing, and sending to the logic circuit the delayed second signal of drop in battery voltage from the timer.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to monitoring of electrical components and, 
in particular, it relates to an improved device and a corresponding method 
for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism of a combustion 
engine. 
Operation of a combustion engine ordinarily involves activating a starter 
mechanism. In general, a combustion engine refers to any engine operating 
by combustion or burning of fuel in the presence of a supply of oxidation. 
A combustion engine may be part of a vehicle, where a vehicle may be any 
mobile device powered by the combustion engine for carrying or 
transporting persons or objects of any kind, for example, an automobile, 
truck, farm vehicle such as a tractor or cotton combine, train, airplane, 
or boat. A combustion engine may also be part of a stand alone, generally 
immobile, device, such as an electrical generator, cement mixer, or heavy 
duty power machinery. A starter mechanism of a combustion engine typically 
features a multitude of electrical and mechanical elements, including the 
basic elements of a battery as an initial source of electrical power, a 
starter motor for mechanically meshing with and turning the crankshaft of 
the engine motor, the engine motor crankshaft, a coil for generating high 
voltage required for continuous operation of the engine, and a myriad of 
related electrical and mechanical circuitry and connections among the 
various elements of the starter mechanism and related elements of the 
engine. In principle, a starter mechanism of a combustion engine operates 
in relation to an electrically and mechanically varying load, where the 
load features a varying combination of electrical and mechanical loads. 
It is known that a vehicle battery, for any vehicle as described above, 
such as that used to activate or energize a starter mechanism for starting 
the motor of a combustion engine, has a limited life-span and must 
eventually be replaced. Typically, battery replacement is only performed 
once the battery is no longer able to start the engine. This situation may 
arise when a vehicle operator is in a hurry to drive somewhere, during 
rain and/or cold weather, at holiday times when garages are usually 
closed, or when one is a long distance from help. Battery failure is 
therefore a common source of aggravation for many vehicle operators on a 
daily basis. 
A number of methods have been proposed to identify when a battery may fail 
to sufficiently activate or energize a starter motor and thus fail to 
enable starting of the vehicle engine. One method is to measure the 
specific gravity of the electrolyte within a battery. This procedure is 
ordinarily done by a professional or trained auto mechanic, since 
hazardous chemicals are involved during such a measurement. Another method 
involves measuring the internal resistance of a battery by using one of 
various procedures. This method also requires technical/professional 
knowledge and/or workers. Yet another method involves continuous 
measurement and display of battery voltage during the entire life of the 
battery. 
An example of a system based on measuring internal resistance of a battery 
is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,017 to Yang which describes a device 
for checking the charge state of a vehicle battery. This device checks 
battery charge by indirectly measuring internal resistance of the battery. 
This is done by measuring voltage of a capacitor charged by a vehicle 
battery. Measurement is performed at a pre-determined time. At higher 
capacitor voltage, internal resistance of the battery is lower. The device 
provides visual display of capacitor voltage, thereby indicating battery 
internal resistance, which in turn shows the state of charge of the 
battery. Measuring internal resistance of a battery typically results in 
high consumption of energy and heating of the battery, potentially causing 
sparks leading to an engine fire or other damage if done by an improperly 
trained person. 
To overcome limitations associated with the above described methods, Yaffe 
et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,818,333, which is incorporated by reference for 
all purposes as if fully set forth herein, disclosed a device and method 
for warning when a vehicle battery is about to run out, but is still able 
to start a vehicle motor, thereby allowing a vehicle operator to continue 
driving the vehicle, and prepare for timely replacement of the battery. 
The disclosed device 10, shown as a block diagram in FIG. 1, includes (a) 
a voltage level tester 11 for measuring, either directly or indirectly, a 
voltage across battery terminals 8 and 9 at the end of a given engine 
starting time interval, (b) a timer 12 responsive to activation of a 
starter mechanism to time the given engine starting time interval, (c) a 
counter 15 for maintaining a cumulative or incremental count of occasions 
on which the battery voltage is below a given level, and (d) an alarm unit 
16 for providing a warning signal when the cumulative or incremental count 
exceeds a pre-determined number of counts. In a preferred embodiment, the 
voltage level tester continuously measures the voltage across the battery, 
and the timer identifies activation of the starter mechanism by a 
corresponding sudden drop in voltage across the battery. 
According to the method for operating device 10 disclosed by Yaffe et al., 
the warning signal, in the form of an audible alarm or visual signal, 
provided when the incremental count exceeds a given number, is generated 
following activation of the starter mechanism or motor. The main objective 
of this procedure, that of alerting a vehicle operator, following engine 
starting, of deterioration of a starter mechanism in general, and of near 
failing battery charge in particular, may not be achieved for one or a 
combination of the following realistically limiting reasons. 
First, following engine starting, activation of a standard audible alarm 
used in such an application may be insufficiently loud to overcome normal 
background noise internal and/or external to the vehicle, continuing 
henceforth from engine starting, in order to be effectively heard by the 
vehicle operator. With respect to noise internal to the vehicle, this is 
especially the case if vehicle accessories such as a radio and/or a 
climate control mechanism are simultaneously activated with engine 
starting, a situation quite commonly occurring as a consequence of a 
vehicle operator failing to turn-off all accessories prior to the time of 
previous engine turn-off. Moreover, depending upon the immediate 
environment of the initially parked vehicle, such an audible alarm simply 
may not be able to compete with substantially higher decibel levels of 
noise external to the vehicle, especially in urban environments. 
Second, following engine starting, activation of a deteriorating starter 
mechanism visual warning signal appearing, for example, somewhere along 
the operator side of the vehicle dashboard, may not be noticed among the 
standard multitude of visual signals also displayed along the operator 
side of the vehicle dashboard. Third, following engine starting, the 
audible alarm and/or visual signal may malfunction or even be entirely 
absent due to circuit failure. Thus, the device and method for warning a 
vehicle operator of starter mechanism, or battery, deterioration as 
disclosed by Yaffe et al. are expected to be effective under essentially 
ideal engine starting conditions, but, are notably limited under realistic 
vehicle starting and operating conditions. 
To one of ordinary skill of the art, there is thus a need for, and it would 
be highly advantageous to have an improved device and corresponding 
improved method for warning a vehicle operator of deterioration of a 
starter mechanism in which a motor is powered by a battery to start a 
combustion engine, prior to failure of the starter mechanism to enable 
starting of the engine. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an improved device and corresponding 
improved method for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in 
which a motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, prior 
to failure of the starter mechanism to enable starting of the engine. 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved 
device for warning of vehicle battery deterioration. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method 
for warning of vehicle battery deterioration. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved 
device and method for warning of vehicle battery deterioration which 
overcome limitations associated with providing a vehicle operator with a 
warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration during realistically 
unfavorable conditions of starting and operating a vehicle, by including 
components and mechanisms for providing an additional warning signal of 
the starter mechanism deterioration following engine turn-off. 
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide an improved 
device and method for warning of vehicle battery deterioration featuring, 
as improvement, at least one noise and/or vibration sensor, at least one 
corresponding noise and/or vibration level tester, a logic circuit, and a 
delay mechanism, thereby enabling provision of an additional warning 
signal of the starter mechanism deterioration following engine turn-off. 
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide an improved 
device and method for warning of vehicle battery deterioration featuring, 
as improvement, at least one noise and/or vibration sensor, at least one 
corresponding noise and/or vibration level tester, a logic circuit, a 
delay mechanism, and a latch circuit, thereby enabling provision of an 
additional warning signal of the starter mechanism deterioration following 
engine turn-off. 
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided an improved 
device for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in which a 
motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, featuring (a) 
a voltage level tester connected so as to measure a voltage across the 
battery, (b) a timer operatively connected to the voltage level tester so 
as to be actuated in response to a sudden drop in the voltage to time a 
given time interval, (c) a counter operatively connected to the timer so 
as to be actuated exclusively at the end of the given time interval, the 
counter further being associated with the voltage level tester so as to 
maintain an incremental count of occasions on which the voltage is less 
than a given level at the end of the given time interval, and (d) an alarm 
unit for providing a warning signal when the incremental count exceeds a 
given number, the improvement comprising: (e) at least one engine 
characteristic sensor selected from the group consisting of engine noise 
sensors and engine vibration sensors operatively connected for sensing at 
least one engine characteristic selected from the group consisting of 
engine noise and engine vibration; (f) at least one engine characteristic 
level tester selected from the group consisting of engine noise level 
testers and engine vibration level testers operatively connected so as to 
measure the at least one engine characteristic sensed by the at least one 
engine characteristic sensor and to compare the measurement to at least 
one corresponding pre-determined threshold level of the at least one 
engine characteristic for distinguishing between engine activation and 
engine non-activation, the engine non-activation including engine 
turn-off; (g) a logic circuit operatively connected to the at least one 
engine characteristic level tester and to the alarm unit for performing at 
least one `AND` logic operation on a first signal received from the at 
least one engine characteristic level tester and on a delayed second 
signal received from the counter, the logic circuit upon completing a 
particular the `AND` logic operation actuates the alarm unit for providing 
an additional warning signal following the engine turn-off; and (h) a 
delay mechanism operatively connected to the counter and to the logic 
circuit for effecting the delay of the delayed second signal sent from the 
counter to the logic circuit so as to effect actuation of the alarm unit 
for providing the additional warning signal following the engine turn-off. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the at least one engine characteristic level tester 
measures the at least one engine characteristic as a function of time 
selected from the group consisting of a continuous function of time and a 
discontinuous function of time. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the device further comprises at least one temperature 
sensor associated with corresponding at least one engine characteristic 
level tester for measuring ambient temperature in a vicinity of the 
engine, and wherein the engine characteristic level varies in relation to 
the ambient temperature. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the particular `AND` logic operation performed by the 
logic circuit for the actuating the alarm unit for providing the 
additional warning signal following the engine turn-off is fulfilled by 
the logic circuit receiving the first signal from the at least one engine 
characteristic level tester registering the engine characteristic less 
than the pre-determined threshold level corresponding to the engine 
turn-off, and receiving the delayed second signal from the counter 
registering the incremental count of occasions exceeding the given number 
on which the voltage is less than the given level at the end of the given 
time interval. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the additional warning signal is at least one signal 
selected from the group consisting of an audio signal, a visual signal, 
and an electromagnetic signal. 
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an 
improved device for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in 
which a motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, 
featuring (a) a voltage level tester connected so as to measure a voltage 
across the battery, (b) a timer operatively connected to the voltage level 
tester so as to be actuated in response to the voltage being less than a 
given level to time a given time interval, and (c) an alarm unit 
operatively connected to the timer so as to be actuated after the end of 
the given time interval for providing a warning signal, the improvement 
comprising: (d) at least one engine characteristic sensor selected from 
the group consisting of engine noise sensors and engine vibration sensors 
operatively connected for sensing at least one engine characteristic 
selected from the group consisting of engine noise and engine vibration; 
(e) at least one engine characteristic level tester selected from the 
group consisting of noise sensor level testers and vibration sensor level 
testers operatively connected so as to measure the at least one engine 
characteristic sensed by the at least one sensor and to compare the 
measurement to at least one corresponding pre-determined threshold level 
of the at least one engine characteristic for distinguishing between 
engine activation and engine non-activation, the engine non-activation 
including engine turn-off; (f) a logic circuit operatively connected to 
the at least one engine characteristic level tester and to the alarm unit 
for performing at least one `AND` logic operation on a first signal 
received from the at least one engine characteristic level tester and on a 
delayed second signal received from the timer, the logic circuit upon 
completing a particular `AND` logic operation actuates the alarm unit for 
providing an additional warning signal following the engine turn-off; (g) 
a latch circuit operatively connected to the logic circuit for storing the 
delayed second signal sent from the timer and for sending the delayed 
second signal to the logic circuit; and (h) a delay mechanism operatively 
connected to the timer and to the latch circuit for effecting the delay of 
the delayed second signal sent from the timer to the latch circuit so as 
to effect the logic circuit actuating the alarm unit for providing the 
additional warning signal following the engine turn-off. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the at least one engine characteristic level tester 
measures the at least one engine characteristic as a function of time 
selected from the group consisting of a continuous function of time and a 
discontinuous function of time. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the device further comprises at least one temperature 
sensor associated with corresponding at least one engine characteristic 
level tester for measuring ambient temperature in a vicinity of the 
engine, and wherein the engine characteristic level varies in relation to 
the ambient temperature. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the particular `AND` logic operation performed by the 
logic circuit for the actuating the alarm unit for providing the 
additional warning signal following the engine turn-off is fulfilled by 
the logic circuit receiving the first signal from the at least one engine 
characteristic level tester registering the engine characteristic less 
than the pre-determined threshold level corresponding to the engine 
turn-off, and receiving the delayed second signal from the latch circuit 
registering the voltage less than the given level at the end of the given 
time interval. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the additional warning signal is at least one signal 
selected from the group consisting of an audio signal, a visual signal, 
and an electromagnetic signal. 
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an 
improved method for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in 
which a motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, 
featuring the steps of (a) sensing activation of the starter mechanism, 
(b) when a given time interval has elapsed since the activation, measuring 
a voltage across the battery, (c) maintaining an incremental count of the 
number of occasions on which the voltage is less than a given level at the 
end of the time interval, and (d) providing a warning signal when the 
incremental count exceeds a given number, the improvement comprising the 
steps of: (e) sensing at least one engine characteristic selected from the 
group consisting of engine noise and engine vibration; (f) measuring the 
at least one engine characteristic of the engine and comparing the at 
least one engine characteristic to at least one corresponding 
pre-determined threshold level of the engine characteristic for 
distinguishing between engine activation and engine non-activation, the 
engine non-activation including engine turn-off; (g) performing at least 
one `AND` logic operation on a first signal corresponding to the at least 
one engine characteristic and on a delayed second signal corresponding to 
the incremental count; and (h) upon completing a particular `AND` logic 
operation, actuating the alarm unit for providing an additional warning 
signal following the engine turn-off. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the step of measuring the at least one engine 
characteristic is performed as a function of time selected from the group 
consisting of a continuous function of time and a discontinuous function 
of time. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the method further comprises the step of measuring 
ambient temperature in a vicinity of the engine, whereby the engine 
characteristic level varies in relation to the ambient temperature. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the particular `AND` logic operation performed by the 
logic circuit for the actuating the alarm unit for providing the 
additional warning signal following the engine turn-off is fulfilled by 
the logic circuit receiving the first signal from the at least one engine 
characteristic level tester registering the engine characteristic less 
than the pre-determined threshold level corresponding to the engine 
turn-off, and receiving the delayed second signal from the counter 
registering the incremental count of occasions exceeding the given number 
on which the voltage is less than the given level at the end of the given 
time interval. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the additional warning signal is at least one signal 
selected from the group consisting of an audio signal, a visual signal, 
and an electromagnetic signal. 
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an 
improved method for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in 
which a motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, 
featuring the steps of (a) sensing activation of the starter mechanism, 
(b) when a given time interval has elapsed since the activation, measuring 
a voltage across the battery, and (c) providing a warning signal when the 
voltage is below a given level, the improvement comprising the steps of: 
(d) sensing at least one engine characteristic selected from the group 
consisting of engine noise and engine vibration; (e) measuring the at 
least one engine characteristic of the engine and comparing the at least 
one engine characteristic to at least one corresponding pre-determined 
threshold level of the engine characteristic for distinguishing between 
engine activation and engine non-activation, the engine non-activation 
including engine turn-off; (f) performing at least one `AND` logic 
operation on a first signal corresponding to the at least one engine 
characteristic and on a delayed second signal sent from the timer at the 
end of the given time interval corresponding to the voltage being below 
the given level; and (g) upon completing a particular `AND` logic 
operation, actuating the alarm unit for providing an additional warning 
signal following the engine turn-off. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the step of measuring the at least one engine 
characteristic is performed as a function of time selected from the group 
consisting of a continuous function of time and a discontinuous function 
of time. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the method further comprises the step of measuring 
ambient temperature in a vicinity of the engine, whereby the engine 
characteristic level varies in relation to the ambient temperature. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the particular `AND` logic operation performed by the 
logic circuit for the actuating the alarm unit for providing the 
additional warning signal following the engine turn-off is fulfilled by 
the logic circuit receiving the first signal from the at least one engine 
characteristic level tester registering the engine characteristic less 
than the pre-determined threshold level corresponding to the engine 
turn-off, and receiving the delayed second signal from the latch circuit 
registering the voltage less than the given level at the end of the given 
time interval. 
According to further features in this preferred embodiment of the invention 
described below, the additional warning signal is at least one signal 
selected from the group consisting of an audio signal, a visual signal, 
and an electromagnetic signal. 
The improved device and corresponding method for warning of deterioration 
of a starter mechanism in which a motor is powered by a battery to start a 
combustion engine, prior to failure of the starter mechanism to enable 
starting of the engine, of the present invention, successfully address 
limitations of presently available devices and methods by significantly 
increasing the effectiveness, in a safe manner, of providing a warning 
signal of the indicated deterioration to the vehicle operator. Limitations 
associated with providing a vehicle operator with a warning signal of 
starter mechanism deterioration during realistically unfavorable 
conditions of starting and operating a vehicle are overcome by providing 
an additional warning signal of the starter mechanism deterioration 
following engine turn-off. 
Implementation and operation of the device and method of the present 
invention involve performing or completing selected tasks or steps 
manually, automatically, or a combination thereof. Moreover, according to 
actual instrumentation and equipment of the preferred embodiments of the 
device, several selected steps of the method could be implemented by 
appropriate hardware or software or a combination thereof. For example, as 
hardware, selected steps of the invention could be implemented as a chip 
or a circuit. As software, selected steps of the invention could be 
implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a 
computer using any suitable operating system. In any case, selected steps 
of the method of the invention could be described as being performed by a 
data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of 
instructions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The present invention relates to an improved device and corresponding 
improved method for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism in 
which a motor is powered by a battery to start a combustion engine, prior 
to failure of the starter mechanism to enable starting of the engine. 
The improved device and method of the present invention are based on the 
novel addition of at least one noise and/or vibration sensor, at least one 
corresponding noise and/or vibration level tester, a logic circuit, and a 
delay mechanism, to the device and method disclosed by Yaffe et al., in 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,818,333, which is incorporated by reference for all 
purposes as if fully set forth herein. Addition of these components enable 
the device and method to provide a warning signal of starter mechanism 
deterioration following engine turn-off, whereby activation of the warning 
signal overcomes limitations related to providing a warning signal 
following engine start-up. 
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application 
to the details of construction, arrangement, and composition of the 
components set forth in the following description or drawings. The 
invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried 
out in various ways. For example, any number of the electronic components 
or elements featured or included in the following described embodiments 
may be either digital or analog, operatively connected and functioning in 
a corresponding digital, logical, or analog mode. Moreover, any connection 
among any number of the electronic components or elements of the device 
may be formed by using direct or mechanical means, or, by using indirect 
or electrical means such as in a circuit of the overall vehicle electrical 
system, where a mechanical or electrical connection may be internal or 
external to the engine compartment. Also, it is to be understood that the 
phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of 
description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
Components, operation, and implementation of an improved device and method 
for warning of deterioration of a starter mechanism of a combustion 
engine, such as battery deterioration, prior to failure of the starter 
mechanism to enable starting of the vehicle engine, according to the 
present invention are better understood with reference to the drawings and 
the accompanying description. 
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a 
preferred embodiment of an improved device, generally designated 40, 
constructed and operative for warning of deterioration of a starter 
mechanism of a combustion engine, in accordance with the following 
accompanying method of the present invention. Device 40 is, preferably, 
permanently connected to negative and positive battery leads, 8 and 9, 
respectively, and operates on the principle that the battery needs to 
supply a large current to the starter mechanism of the motor. Device 40 
automatically checks the power of a battery (not shown), including from 
the time a starter mechanism (not shown) is activated or energized, such 
as by turning a key, for initiating cranking of the motor crankshaft. 
Device 40 features (a) a voltage level tester 11, (b) a timer 12, (c) a 
counter 15, (d) an alarm unit 16, and additionally features (e) a noise 
and/or vibration sensor 20, (f) a noise and/or vibration level tester 22, 
(g) a logic circuit 24, and (h) a delay mechanism 26. In addition, device 
40 includes battery negative and positive leads 8 and 9, respectively, and 
corresponding device/circuit junctions 13, 14, 17, 28, 30, 32, and 34. 
Voltage level tester 11 is connected to battery leads 8 and 9, forming a 
direct or mechanical connection, or, an indirect or electrical connection 
such as in a circuit of the overall vehicle electrical system, where the 
electrical connection may be internal or external to the engine 
compartment. Voltage level tester 11 functions by measuring a voltage 
across the battery at any instant of time, including before engine 
starting, during engine starting, and after engine starting. 
The starter mechanism of the engine operates in relation to an electrically 
and mechanically varying load, where the load features a varying 
combination of electrical and mechanical loads, including the vehicle 
battery, starter motor, motor crankshaft, coil, and any other vehicle 
component or accessory which may electrically and/or mechanically 
influence or be connected to the same load. Prior to activation and 
turning of the starter motor, the electromechanical load of the circuit is 
relatively low. Following activation and turning of the starter motor via 
current supplied by the battery, the electromechanical load increases 
accordingly, along with a corresponding change in battery voltage, 
measured by voltage level tester 11. 
At the instant of starting the vehicle motor, voltage level tester 11 
senses activation of the starter mechanism. Voltage level tester 11 then 
measures the voltage across battery poles 8 and 9, and compares this 
voltage to a pre-determined level. This measurement is done while the 
starter motor, connected to the battery, turns. During this time interval 
of connection of the starter motor to the battery, there is concurrently a 
sharp drop in voltage across battery poles 8 and 9. Voltage level tester 
11 identifies this sharp drop in battery voltage, and sends a signal via 
circuit junction 13 for activating timer 12. 
Timer 12 functions to prompt another measurement of battery voltage by 
voltage level tester 11 after a pre-determined time interval, and compares 
this voltage to a pre-determined battery voltage level. This measurement 
is made following a pre-determined time interval, while the starter motor 
is still turning. If the battery voltage, following this time interval of 
starter motor turning, is less than a pre-determined voltage level, this 
is considered a countable occurrence, and timer 12 sends a signal via 
circuit junction 14 for activating counter 15. 
Counter 15 maintains a cumulative or incremental count of each above 
described occurrence of drop in voltage level. When counter 15 registers a 
number of counts of occurrences, of a drop in battery voltage less than a 
pre-determined voltage level for a pre-determined time interval, greater 
than a pre-determined number of counts, counter 15 sends a signal via 
circuit junction 17 for activating alarm unit 16. 
Alarm unit 16 provides a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration 
to the vehicle operator, where the warning signal may be any combination 
of an audible signal sounding inside the vehicle cabin, a visual signal 
appearing on the dashboard display inside the vehicle cabin, or an 
electromagnetic signal either internal or external to the vehicle cabin. 
Thus, assuming the vehicle operator notices the warning signal following 
engine starting, he can plan to replace the battery prior to the battery 
failing to enable starting of the engine. 
Under realistic vehicle starting and operating conditions characterized by 
various background noises, operator distractions, and possible device 
malfunction, internal and/or external to the vehicle cabin, the vehicle 
operator is quite likely not to notice or receive the warning signal of 
starter mechanism deterioration following engine starting. For example, 
background noise internal and/or external to the vehicle cabin at the time 
of engine starting may drown out the warning sound of a standard alarm 
unit 16. Moreover, the usual multitude of vehicle system indicators 
displayed along the dashboard during engine starting may disguise the 
display of a visual warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration. 
Another likely limiting event is that of device malfunction, whereby alarm 
unit 16 may not receive the signal from counter 15 via circuit junction 
17. 
To overcome these realistically limiting circumstances of warning the 
vehicle operator of starter mechanism deterioration at the time of engine 
starting, improved device 40 of the present invention includes additional 
components for enabling device 40 to send a properly synchronized low 
battery voltage signal to alarm unit 16, for providing a warning signal to 
the vehicle operator following engine turn-off. 
Referring again to device 40 of FIG. 2, at least one engine characteristic 
sensor, where an engine characteristic sensor includes engine noise and/or 
engine vibration sensor 20, and at least one corresponding engine 
characteristic level tester, including noise and/or vibration level tester 
22, are included in the overall circuit of device 40, and as such are 
continuously in an active mode, similar to the continuous active mode of 
voltage level tester 11. As herein described below, noise and/or vibration 
sensor 20, and noise and/or vibration level tester 22, function in the 
circuit of device 40, by detecting engine noise and/or engine vibration, 
including the condition of sufficiently low engine noise and/or engine 
vibration when the vehicle engine is turned off, and by sending a 
corresponding signal to a logic circuit 24 which is properly synchronized 
by a delay mechanism 26 for receiving a delayed low battery voltage 
cumulative count signal from counter 15. Logic circuit 24 prompts 
activation of alarm unit 16, which subsequently provides a warning signal 
of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle operator following 
engine turn-off. 
Noise and/or vibration sensor 20 continuously senses noise and/or vibration 
of the engine. For the engine in a non-activated mode, such as when the 
starter mechanism or engine is not running, noise and/or vibration sensor 
20 senses noise and/or vibration less than a predetermined threshold 
level. For the engine in an activated mode, such as during activation of 
the starter mechanism or during subsequent running of the engine, noise 
and/or vibration sensor 20 senses noise and/or vibration greater than a 
predetermined threshold level. According to the state of the engine, 
running or not, noise and/or vibration sensor 20 continuously sends a 
corresponding signal via circuit junction 28 to noise and/or vibration 
level tester 22. 
Noise and/or vibration level tester 22 functions to determine the level of 
noise and/or vibration of the engine, continuously or discontinuously with 
time, relative to, such as less than, equal to, or greater than, a 
corresponding pre-determined threshold noise and/or vibration level. Noise 
and/or vibration level of the engine is continuously, or discontinuously, 
sent as a signal via circuit junction 30 to logic circuit 24. 
Logic circuit 24 is properly synchronized by delay mechanism 26 for 
receiving a delayed low battery voltage incremental or cumulative count 
signal from counter 15 via circuit junctions 17 and 32. Logic circuit 24 
sends a signal via circuit junction 34 for activating alarm unit 16, which 
subsequently provides a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration 
to the vehicle operator following engine turn-off. Thus, regardless 
whether the vehicle operator noticed or received the warning signal of 
starter mechanism deterioration following engine starting, and assuming 
the vehicle operator notices or receives the warning signal following 
engine turn-off, he can plan to replace the battery prior to the battery 
failing to enable starting of the engine. 
The reason for including delay mechanism 26 in the circuit of device 40 
prior to logic circuit 24 is as follows. A main objective of the improved 
device and method of the present invention is to enable device 40 to 
provide a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle 
operator following engine turn-off, either in addition to, or instead of 
device 40 providing a warning signal following engine starting. Logic 
circuit 24 operates according to the `AND` logic operator, receiving (i) a 
first signal from noise and/or vibration level tester 22 via circuit 
junction 30, and (ii) a second signal from counter 15 via circuit junction 
17. The required, or particular, condition of the `AND` logic function 
causing logic circuit 24 to prompt alarm unit 16 to provide a warning 
signal of starter mechanism deterioration following engine turn-off is 
fulfilled by logic circuit 24 receiving (i) a first signal from noise 
and/or vibration level tester 22 registering noise and/or vibration level 
less than a pre-determined threshold level of noise and/or vibration `AND` 
receiving (ii) a delayed second signal from counter 17 registering a low 
battery voltage incremental or cumulative count greater than a 
pre-determined number of counts. 
Initially, prior to engine starting, noise and/or vibration sensor 20 
senses noise and/or vibration less than a pre-determined threshold level 
and provides this signal to noise and/or vibration level tester 22. 
Consequently, logic circuit 24 receives a less than threshold level first 
signal from noise and/or vibration level tester 22. This signal is 
indicative of vehicle non-activated mode which includes a noise and/or 
vibration level tester signal following engine turn-off. Thus, one half of 
the required or particular `AND` condition, for causing actuation of alarm 
unit 16, is registered by logic circuit 24 at this time. 
During and following the time of engine starting, for the situation when 
counter 15 registers a low battery voltage cumulative count greater than 
the pre-determined number of counts, according to the circuit of device 
40, counter 15 simultaneously sends a signal via circuit junction 17 to 
alarm unit 16 and to delay mechanism 26. In the absence of delay mechanism 
26, logic circuit 24 would receive a greater than condition cumulative 
count second signal from counter 15, which, combined with the initial 
first signal of less than threshold condition of vehicle noise and/or 
vibration from noise and/or vibration level tester 22, would cause an 
undesirable registration of, during and/or following engine starting, the 
required or particular `AND` logic condition for prompting logic circuit 
24 to send a signal to alarm unit 16 for providing a warning signal of to 
a steady state operating mode, in order for the engine to be turned off. 
Following engine turn-off, noise and/or vibration sensor 20 and noise 
and/or vibration level tester 22 properly functions to provide logic 
circuit 24 a proper signal of engine turn-off, at which time, a desirable 
registration of the required or particular `AND` logic condition is 
fulfilled, for prompting logic circuit 24 to send a signal to alarm unit 
16 for providing a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration 
following engine turn-off. 
In an alternative embodiment of the above described device and method of 
the present invention, device 40 is designed for enabling alarm unit 16 to 
provide a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle 
operator following engine turn-off only, without providing a warning 
signal following engine starting. This alternative operation of device 40 
may be more practically suitable to certain vehicle operators, for 
instance, desiring to receive a warning signal only following engine 
turn-off. In accordance with this alternative embodiment, in FIG. 2, 
circuit junction 17 is not connected to alarm unit 16, as indicated by 
dashed line 18. As such, device 40 operates as described above, but with 
low battery voltage counter 15 sending a second signal only to delay 
device 26 via circuit junction 17, followed by the previously described 
method for causing alarm unit 16 to provide a warning signal of starter 
mechanism deterioration following engine turn-off, in the form of an 
audio, visual, and/or electromagnetic, signal to the vehicle operator. 
A relatively simpler circuit design, without counter 15, of device 40, of 
the present invention is provided in FIG. 3, a block diagram illustrating 
another preferred embodiment of an improved device for warning of 
deterioration of a starter mechanism of a combustion engine. In FIG. 3, 
device 60 is constructed and operative for warning of deterioration of a 
starter mechanism of a combustion engine, in accordance with the following 
accompanying method. Similar to device 40 of FIG. 2, device 60 is, 
preferably, permanently connected, directly or indirectly, to negative and 
positive battery leads, 8 and 9, respectively, operates on the principle 
that the battery needs to supply a large current to the starter mechanism 
of the motor, and automatically checks the power of a battery (not shown), 
including from the time a starter mechanism (not shown) is activated or 
energized, such as by turning a key, for initiating cranking of the motor 
crankshaft. 
Device 60 features (a) a voltage level tester 11, (b) a timer 12, (c) an 
alarm unit 16, and additionally features (d) a noise and/or vibration 
sensor 20, (e) a noise and/or vibration level tester 22, (f) a logic 
circuit 24, (g) a delay mechanism 26, and (b) a latch circuit. In 
addition, device 60 includes battery negative and positive leads 8 and 9, 
respectively, and corresponding device/circuit junctions 13, 44, 28, 30, 
46, 48, and 34. 
Description and method of operation of device 60 are essentially the same 
as for device 40 of FIG. 2, with the following differences. For 
simplicity, there is no counter mechanism such as counter 15 of device 40, 
wherein device 60, at time of engine starting, timer 12, following 
completion of a pre-determined time interval of timing an occurrence of 
battery voltage less than a pre-determined voltage level registered by 
voltage level tester 11, sends a low battery voltage signal via circuit 
junction 44 directly to alarm unit 16, followed by providing a warning 
signal of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle operator 
following engine starting. During engine starting, simultaneous to timer 
12 sending a low battery voltage signal to alarm unit 16, timer 12 sends a 
same signal to delay mechanism 26, ultimately targeted for delayed 
reception by logic circuit 24, in order to prompt alarm unit 16 to provide 
a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle 
operator following engine turn-off, as described above for device 40. 
According to the design of device 60, delay mechanism 26 registers a signal 
of low battery voltage directly from timer 12, and, as such, depends upon 
the instantaneous status of timer 12. However, timer 12, following engine 
starting, and following completion of timing an occurrence of low battery 
voltage and simultaneously sending a signal via circuit junction 44 to 
alarm unit 16 and to delay mechanism 26, subsequently receives a new 
signal from voltage level tester 11 corresponding to a battery voltage 
higher than a pre-determined level, as the engine is no longer in a 
starting mode, whereby a generator or alternator now charges the 
discharged battery. Accordingly, timer 12 is automatically reset for 
timing of a next occurrence of low battery voltage measured by voltage 
level tester 11 during the next occurrence of engine starting. 
Following engine starting and continuing throughout engine operation, as 
long as timer 12 receives a signal of battery voltage higher than a 
pre-determined level from voltage level tester 12, timer 12 provides no 
signal via circuit junction 44 to either alarm unit 16 or to delay 
mechanism 26. Alarm unit 16 already performed its function of providing a 
warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle operator 
following engine starting, however, logic circuit 24 has not yet performed 
its function of providing a warning signal following engine turn-off. As 
such, a mechanism for remembering or storing the signal of low battery 
voltage previously received by delay mechanism 26, during engine starting, 
needs to be included in the circuit of device 60. 
A latch circuit 42, also commonly known as a flip-flop circuit, is 
therefore included in the circuit of device 60, functioning by storing the 
delayed signal of low battery voltage previously sent by timer 12 during 
engine starting, and by providing this signal via circuit junction 48 to 
logic circuit 24. In operation of device 60, the required, or particular, 
condition of the `AND` logic function causing logic circuit 24 to prompt 
alarm unit 16 to provide a warning signal of starter mechanism 
deterioration following engine turn-off is fulfilled by logic circuit 24 
receiving (i) a first signal from noise and/or vibration level tester 22 
registering noise and/or vibration level less than a pre-determined 
threshold level of noise and/or vibration `AND` receiving (ii) a delayed 
second signal from latch circuit 42 registering a battery voltage less 
than a pre-determined level. 
Subsequently, similar to the above description of device 40, following 
engine turn-off, logic circuit 24 sends a signal via circuit junction 34 
to alarm unit 16 for providing a warning signal of starter mechanism 
deterioration to the vehicle operator following engine turn-off. Thus, 
regardless whether the vehicle operator noticed or received the warning 
signal of starter mechanism deterioration following engine starting, and 
assuming the vehicle operator notices or receives the warning signal 
following engine turn-off, he can plan to replace the battery prior to the 
battery failing to enable starting of the engine. 
In an alternative embodiment of the above described device and method of 
the present invention, device 60 is designed for enabling alarm unit 16 to 
provide a warning signal of starter mechanism deterioration to the vehicle 
operator following engine turn-off only, without providing a warning 
signal following engine starting. This alternative operation of device 60 
may be more practically suitable to certain vehicle operators, for 
instance, desiring receiving a warning signal only following engine 
turn-off. In accordance with this alternative embodiment, in FIG. 3, 
circuit junction 44 is not connected to alarm unit 16, as indicated by 
dashed line 50. As such, device 60 operates as described above, but with 
timer 12 sending a signal of low battery voltage only to delay device 26 
via circuit junction 44, followed by the previously described method for 
actuating alarm unit 16 to provide a warning signal of starter mechanism 
deterioration following engine turn-off, in the form of an audio, visual, 
and/or electromagnetic, signal to the vehicle operator. 
An optional feature of each of the above described preferred embodiments of 
the device and method of the present invention is for inclusion of at 
least one temperature sensor (not shown). Including this feature, voltage 
level tester 11 is responsive to a temperature sensor by automatically 
setting the pre-determined voltage level according to a selected reference 
temperature, such as ambient temperature. Alternatively or additionally, 
timer 12 is responsive to a temperature sensor by automatically setting 
the pre-determined time interval according to a selected reference 
temperature, such as ambient temperature. Alternatively or additionally, 
at least one noise and/or vibration level tester 22 is responsive to a 
corresponding at least one temperature sensor by automatically setting the 
pre-determined noise and/or vibration threshold levels according to a 
selected reference temperature, such as ambient temperature. 
As will already be understood, an object of the invention is to provide a 
warning device which signals or warns when the electrical power of the 
battery reaches a pre-determined level, following engine starting and 
following engine turn-off, or just following engine turn-off. The battery 
will not be able to activate or energize the starter motor, and therefore, 
the motor for long, below this level. Moreover, the device and method 
automatically determine a weak battery condition at the time the battery 
is about to be electrically emptied, when other starter mechanism elements 
are in normal working order. 
An advantage of the device and method of the present invention for testing 
a vehicle battery is that they are based on a direct test of the ability 
of a specific vehicle battery to start the vehicle. Measuring and testing 
of battery voltage are done each time the starter mechanism is operated, 
without intervention of additional personnel such as a trained mechanic, 
and do not result in providing an average value of internal resistance as 
is determined by other battery voltage measuring and testing systems. 
Because the device and method check the starting voltage at the time of 
engine starting, identification of a drop in battery voltage indicates a 
fault in at least one of the starter mechanism elements part of the 
operation of starting the engine, and not just checking the electrical 
power of the battery as done in other battery voltage measuring and 
testing systems. By way of example, when in the event of electrical and/or 
mechanical damage to the motor, difficulty is often encountered in 
activating or energizing the starter mechanism, in part due to the 
occurrence of an abnormally high electrical and/or mechanical load, 
despite the fact that the battery functions according to specification. 
Starting the engine is accompanied by a large drop of battery voltage. 
Therefore, the device and method of the present invention are particularly 
effective in identifying problems associated in activating the starting 
mechanism, even when the battery is properly functioning. This allows 
identification and repair of electrical and/or mechanical faults and 
increases the life span of the battery. 
The above described preferred embodiments of the device and method of the 
present invention successfully address limitations of presently available 
devices and methods by significantly increasing the effectiveness, in a 
safe manner, of providing a warning signal of starter mechanism 
deterioration to the vehicle operator. Limitations associated with 
providing a vehicle operator with a warning signal of starter mechanism 
deterioration during realistically unfavorable conditions of starting and 
operating a vehicle are overcome by providing an additional warning signal 
of the starter mechanism deterioration following engine turn-off. 
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific 
embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications 
and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, 
it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and 
variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended 
claims.