Thin film actuated mirror array in an optical projection system and method for manufacturing the same

The thin film AMA has a substrate, an actuator, a common line, and a reflecting member. The substrate has an electrical wiring and a connecting terminal and the actuator has a supporting layer, a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and an active layer. The common line is formed on a portion of actuator and is connected to top electrode. The electrical wiring and connecting terminal may not be damaged because actuator is formed on a portion of substrate adjacent to the portion where electrical wiring and connecting terminal are formed. The voltage drop of a second signal can be minimized because common line is formed thickly on a portion of actuator, so a sufficient second signal is applied to top electrode. The flatness of reflecting member may be enhanced because reflecting member is formed on a second sacrificial layer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a thin film actuated mirror array in an 
optical projection system and to a method for manufacturing the same, and 
more particularly to a thin film actuated mirror array in an optical 
projection system having a thick common line formed on a first portion of 
an actuator which is formed on a portion of a substrate adjacent to a 
portion in which an electrical wiring and a connecting terminal are 
installed, and a reflecting member formed by using a second sacrificial 
layer, so a voltage drop in the common line and a damage of the electrical 
wiring can be prevented and a flatness of the reflecting member and a 
quality of a picture projected onto a screen are increased, and to a 
method for manufacturing the same. 
In general, light modulators are divided into two groups according to their 
optics. One type is a direct light modulator such as a cathode ray tube 
(CRT), the other type is a transmissive light modulator such as liquid 
crystal display (LCD). The CRT produce superior quality pictures on a 
screen, but the weight, the volume and the manufacturing cost of the CRT 
increase according to the magnification of the screen. The LCD has a 
simple optical structure, so the weight and the volume of the LCD are less 
than those of the CRT. However, the LCD has a poor light efficiency of 
under 1 to 2% due to light polarization. Also, there are some problems in 
the liquid crystal materials of the LCD such as sluggish response and 
overheating. 
Thus, a digital mirror device (DMD) and actuated mirror arrays (AMA) have 
been developed in order to solve these problems. At the present time, the 
DMD has a light efficiency of about 5%, the AMA has a light efficiency of 
above 10%. The AMA enhances the contrast of a picture on a screen, so the 
picture on the screen is more apparent and brighter. The AMA is not 
affected by and does not affect the polarization of light and therefore, 
the AMA is more efficient than the LCD or the DMD. 
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an engine system of a conventional AMA 
which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,126,836 (issued to Gregory Um). 
Referring to FIG. 1, a ray of incident light from light source 1 passes a 
first slit 3 and a first lens 5 and is divided into red, green, and blue 
lights according to the Red Green Blue (R G B) system of color 
representation. After the divided red, green, and blue lights are 
respectively reflected by a first mirror 7, a second mirror 9, and a third 
mirror 11, the reflected light is respectively incident on AMA devices 13, 
15 and 17 corresponding to the mirrors 7, 9 and 11. The AMA devices 13, 15 
and 17 tilt mirrors installed therein, so the incident light is reflected 
by mirrors. In this case, mirrors installed in the AMA devices 13, 15 and 
17 are tilted according to the deformation of active layers formed under 
mirrors. The light reflected by the AMA devices 13, 15 and 17 pass a 
second lens 19 and a second slit 21 and form a picture on a screen (not 
shown) by using projection lens 23. 
In most cases, ZnO is used as the active layer. However, lead zirconate 
titanate (PZT:Pb(Zr,Ti)O.sub.3) has a better piezoelectric property than 
ZnO. PZT is a complete solid solution of lead zirconate (PbZrO.sub.3) and 
lead titanate (PbTiO.sub.3). PZT having a cubic structure exists in a 
para-electric phase at a high temperature. Orthorhombic structure PZT 
exists in an antiferroelectric phase, rhombohedral structure PZT exists in 
a ferroelectric phase, and tetragonal structure PZT exists in a 
ferromagnetic phase according to the composition ratio of Zr and Ti at a 
room temperature. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the tetragonal 
phase and the rhombohedral phase exists as a composition which includes 
Zr:Ti at a ratio of 1:1. PZT has a maximum dielectric property and a 
maximum piezoelectric property at the MPB. The MPB exists in a wide region 
in which the tetragonal phase and the rhombohedral phase coexist, but does 
not exists at a certain composition. Researchers do not agree about the 
composition of the phase coexistent region of PZT. Various theories such 
as thermodynamic stability, compositional fluctuation, and internal stress 
have been suggested as the reason for the phase coexistent region. 
Nowadays, a PZT thin film is manufactured by various processes such as 
spin coating method, organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) 
method, and sputtering method. 
The AMA is generally divided into bulk type AMA and thin film type AMA. The 
bulk type AMA is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,469,302 (issued to Dae-Young 
Lim). In the bulk type AMA, after a ceramic wafer which is composed of 
multilayer ceramics inserted into metal electrodes therein, is mounted on 
an active matrix having transistors, a mirror is mounted on the ceramic 
wafer by means of sawing the ceramic wafer. However, the bulk type AMA has 
disadvantages in that it demands a very accurate process and design, and 
the response of an active layer is slow. Therefore, the thin film AMA 
which is manufactured by using semiconductor technology, has been 
developed. 
The thin film AMA is disclosed at U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,611, entitled "THIN 
FILM ACTUATED MIRROR ARRAY AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF". 
FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of the thin film AMA. Referring to FIG. 
2, the thin film AMA has an active matrix 30, an actuator 50 formed on the 
active matrix 30, and a mirror 53 formed on the actuator 50. The active 
matrix 30 has a substrate 33, M.times.N (M, N are integers) number of 
transistors (not shown) which are installed in the substrate 33, and 
M.times.N (M, N are integers) number of connecting terminals 35 
respectively formed on the transistors. 
The actuator 50 has a supporting member 39 formed on the active matrix 30 
which includes connecting terminal 35, a second electrode 41 having a 
bottom of a first portion thereof attached to the supporting member 39 and 
having a second portion parallelly formed about the active matrix 30, a 
conduit 37 formed in the supporting member 39 so as to connect connecting 
terminal 35 to the second electrode 41, an active layer 43 formed on the 
second electrode 41, and a first electrode 47 formed on the active layer 
43. 
The mirror 53 is installed on the first electrode 47, to reflect incident 
light from a light source (not shown). 
A manufacturing method of the thin film AMA will be described below. FIG. 
3A to FIG. 3C illustrate manufacturing steps of the thin film AMA. In FIG. 
3A to FIG. 3C, the same reference numbers are used for the same elements 
in FIG. 2. 
Referring to FIG. 3A, at first, the active matrix 30 which includes the 
substrate 33 in which M.times.N number of transistors (not shown) are 
formed and M.times.N number of connecting terminals 35 respectively formed 
on the transistors, is provided. Subsequently, after a sacrificial layer 
55 is formed on the active matrix 30, the sacrificial layer 55 is 
patterned in order to expose a portion of the active matrix 30 where 
connecting terminal 35 is formed. The sacrificial layer 55 can be removed 
by using chemicals or by an etching method. 
Referring to FIG. 3B, the supporting member 39 is formed on the exposed 
portion of the active matrix 30 by a sputtering method or a chemical vapor 
deposition (CVD) method. Next, after a hole is formed through supporting 
member 39, the conduit 37 is formed in supporting member 39 by filling the 
hole with an electrically conductive material, for example tungsten (W). 
The conduit 37 electrically connects the connecting terminal 35 to the 
second electrode 41 which is successively formed. The second electrode 41 
is formed on the supporting member 39 and on the sacrificial layer 55 by 
using an electrically conductive material such as gold (Au) or silver 
(Ag). The active layer 43 is formed on the second electrode 41 by using a 
piezoelectric material, for example lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The 
first electrode 47 is formed on the active layer 43 by using an 
electrically conductive material such as gold (Au) or silver (Ag). 
The transistor installed in the active matrix 30 converts a picture signal 
which is caused by the incident light from the light source, into a 
picture signal current. The picture signal current is applied to the 
second electrode 41 through the connecting terminal 35 and the conduit 37. 
At the same time, a bias current from a common line (not shown) formed on 
the bottom of the active matrix 30, is applied to the first electrode 47, 
so an electric field is generated between the first electrode 47 and the 
second electrode 41. The active layer 43 formed between the first 
electrode 47 and the second electrode 41 tilts by the electric field. 
The mirror 53 is formed on the first electrode 47. The mirror reflects the 
incident light from the light source. 
Referring to FIG. 3C, the mirror 53, the first electrode 47, the active 
layer 43 and the second electrode 41 are patterned one after another so 
that M.times.N number of pixels having predetermined shapes are formed. 
Consequently, after the sacrificial layer 55 is removed by etching, pixels 
are rinsed and dried in order to complete the thin film AMA. 
However, in the above-described thin film AMA, the amount of the light 
reflected by the mirror is smaller than the amount of the incident light 
onto the mirror considering the area of the thin film AMA and the tilting 
angle of the mirror is small, so the quality of picture projected on to 
the screen is decreased because only a portion of the mirror is tilted in 
order to reflect the incident light. In addition, a sufficient bias 
current for generating the electric field may not be applied to the top 
electrode because the common line for applying the bias current is much 
thin so that a voltage drop is generated in the common line due to the 
internal resistance of the common line. Thereby, the tilting angle is 
lower because a sufficient electric field may not generated between the 
top electrode and the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the transistor 
installed in the active matrix is damaged during forming the actuator 
because the actuator is exactly formed on the transistor. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Accordingly, considering the conventional problems as described above, it 
is a first object of the present invention to provide a thin film actuated 
mirror array in an optical projection system having a thick common line 
formed on a first portion of an actuator which is formed on a portion of a 
substrate adjacent to a portion in which an electrical wiring is 
installed, and a reflecting member formed by using a second sacrificial 
layer, so a voltage drop in the common line and a damage of the electrical 
wiring can be prevented and a flatness of the reflecting member and a 
quality of a picture projected onto a screen are increased. 
Also, it is a second object of the present invention to provide a method 
for manufacturing the above thin film actuated mirror array in an optical 
projection system. 
To accomplish the above first object, there is provided in the present 
invention a thin film actuated mirror array in an optical projection 
system which is actuated by a first signal and a second signal has a 
substrate, an actuator, a common line, and a reflecting member. 
The substrate has an electrical wiring and a connecting terminal for 
receiving a first signal from outside and transmitting the first signal. 
The actuator has a supporting layer formed on the substrate, a bottom 
electrode is formed on the supporting layer for receiving the first 
signal, a top electrode corresponding to the bottom electrode for 
receiving the second signal and generating an electric field between the 
top electrode and the bottom electrode, and an active layer formed between 
the top electrode and the bottom electrode and deformed by the electric 
field. The common line applies the second signal to the top electrode. The 
common line is formed on a portion of the actuator and connected to the 
top electrode. The reflecting member is formed on the top electrode for 
reflecting a light. 
The bottom electrode, the active layer, and the top electrode respectively 
have a rectangular shape. The bottom electrode is formed on a central 
portion of the supporting layer. The active layer is smaller than the 
bottom electrode and the top electrode is smaller than the active layer. 
The actuator further has a via contact for transmitting the first signal 
from the connecting terminal to the bottom electrode and a connecting 
member for connecting the via contact to the bottom electrode. The via 
contact is formed in a via hole which is formed from a portion of the 
supporting layer to the connecting terminal and the connecting member is 
formed from the via contact to the bottom electrode. 
Preferably, the via contact and the connecting member are composed of an 
electrically conductive metal such as platinum, tantalum, or 
platinum-tantalum, the supporting layer is composed of a rigid material, 
the bottom electrode is composed of an electrically conductive metal, the 
active layer is composed of a piezoelectric material or an 
electrostrictive material, the top electrode is composed of an 
electrically conductive metal, and the common line is composed of an 
electrically conductive metal such as platinum, tantalum, 
platinum-tantalum, aluminum, or silver to have a thickness of between 0.5 
.mu.m and 2.0 .mu.m. 
The top electrode further has a post for supporting the reflecting member. 
The post is formed between a portion of the top electrode and the 
reflecting member and the reflecting member has a rectangular plate shape. 
The reflecting member is composed of a reflective metal. 
In order to accomplish the above second object, there is provided in the 
present invention a method for manufacturing a thin film actuated mirror 
array being actuated by a first signal and a second signal. According to 
the method of the present invention, a substrate having an electrical 
wiring and a connecting terminal for receiving the first signal from 
outside and transmitting the first signal is provided. Then, a first layer 
on the substrate is formed. A bottom electrode layer is formed on the 
first layer and the bottom electrode layer is patterned to form a bottom 
electrode for receiving the first signal. A second layer and a top 
electrode layer are formed on the first layer and on the bottom electrode. 
An actuator is formed by patterning the top electrode layer to form a top 
electrode for receiving the second signal and generating an electric 
field, by patterning the second layer to form an active layer deformed by 
the electric field, and by patterning the first layer to form a supporting 
layer beneath the bottom electrode. Then, a common line connected to the 
top electrode is formed on a portion of the actuator and then a reflecting 
member for reflecting a light is formed on the actuator. 
The step of forming the first layer is performed by a low pressure chemical 
vapor deposition method by using a nitride or a metal, the steps of 
forming the bottom electrode layer and the top electrode layer are 
performed by a sputtering method or a chemical vapor deposition method by 
using an electrically conductive metal, and the step of forming the second 
layer is performed by a sol-gel method, a sputtering method, or a chemical 
vapor deposition method by using a piezoelectric material or an 
electrostrictive material. 
The step of forming the second layer further has annealing the second layer 
by a rapid thermal annealing method and polling the second layer. 
Preferably, the step of forming the actuator further has forming a via hole 
from a portion of the active layer to the connecting terminal through the 
bottom electrode and the first layer, forming a via contact in the via 
hole, and forming a connecting member for connecting the via contact to 
the bottom electrode. For example, the step of forming the via contact and 
the connecting member are performed by a sputtering method or a chemical 
vapor deposition method by using an electrically conductive metal and the 
step of forming the common line is performed by a sputtering method or a 
chemical deposition method by using platinum, tantalum, platinum-tantalum, 
aluminum, or silver. 
The step of forming the reflecting member is performed after forming a 
sacrificial layer on the actuator and patterning the sacrificial layer to 
expose a portion of the top electrode, and the step of forming the 
reflecting member is performed by a sputtering method or a chemical vapor 
deposition method by using a reflective metal. 
In the thin film AMA according to the present invention, the second signal 
(a bias current signal) is applied to the top electrode via a pad of TCP, 
a panel pad of AMA, and the common line. At the same time, the first 
signal (a picture current signal) is applied to the bottom electrode via 
the pad of TCP, the panel pad of AMA, the electrical wiring, the 
connecting terminal, the via contact, and the connecting member. Thereby, 
an electric field is generated between the top electrode and the bottom 
electrode. The active layer formed between the top electrode and the 
bottom electrode is deformed by the electric field. The active layer is 
deformed in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. The active 
layer actuates in the direction opponent to the supporting layer. That is, 
the actuator having the active layer actuates upward by a predetermined 
tilting angle. 
The reflecting member for reflecting the incident light from a light source 
is tilted with the actuator because the reflecting member is supported by 
the post and is formed on the actuator. Hence, the reflecting member 
reflects the light onto the screen, so the picture is projected onto the 
screen. 
Therefore, in the thin film AMA according to the present invention, the 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal which are formed on the 
substrate may not be damaged because the actuator is formed on a portion 
of the substrate which is adjacent to the portion where the electrical 
wiring and the connecting terminal are formed. In addition, the voltage 
drop of the second signal can be minimized because the common line is 
formed thickly on a portion of the actuator, so a sufficient second signal 
is applied to the top electrode. Thereby, a sufficient electric field is 
generated between the top electrode and the bottom electrode. Furthermore, 
the flatness of the reflecting member may be enhanced because the 
reflecting member is formed on the second sacrificial layer after the 
second sacrificial layer is formed on the actuator and the reflecting 
member is supported by the post.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be 
explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
EMBODIMENT 1 
FIG. 4 is a plan view for showing thin film actuated mirror array in an 
optical projection system according to a first embodiment of the present 
invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view for showing the thin film actuated 
mirror array in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view taken along line 
6--6 of FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view taken along line 7--7 
of FIG. 5. 
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the thin film AMA in an optical projection 
system according to the present embodiment has a substrate 100, an 
actuator 190 formed on the substrate 100, and a reflecting member 180 
installed on the actuator 190. 
Referring to FIG. 6, the substrate 100 has an electrical wiring (not 
shown), a connecting terminal 105 formed on the electrical wiring, a 
passivation layer 110 formed on the substrate 100 and on the connecting 
terminal 105, and an etch stop layer 115 formed on the passivation layer 
110. The electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105 receive a first 
signal from outside and transmit the first signal. Preferably, the 
electrical wiring has a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor for 
switching operation. The passivation layer 110 protects the substrate 100 
having the electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105. The etch 
stop layer 115 prevents the passivation layer 110 and the substrate 100 
from etching during subsequent etching steps. 
The actuator 190 has a supporting layer 130 having a first portion attached 
to a portion of the etch stop layer 115 under which the connecting 
terminal 105 is formed and a second portion formed parallel to the etch 
stop layer 115, a bottom electrode 135 formed on the supporting layer 130, 
an active layer 140 formed on the bottom electrode 135, a top electrode 
145 formed on the active layer 140, a common line 150 formed on the first 
portion of the supporting layer 130, and a post 175 formed on a portion of 
the top electrode 145. An air gap 125 is interposed between the etch stop 
layer 115 and the second portion of the supporting layer 130. The common 
line 150 is connected to the top electrode 145. The reflecting member 180 
is supported by the post 175 so that the reflecting member 180 is formed 
parallel to the top electrode 145. 
Referring to FIG. 7, the actuator 190 has a via contact 160 formed in a via 
hole 155 and a connecting member 170 formed from the via contact 160 to 
the bottom electrode 135. The via hole 155 is formed from a portion of the 
first portion of the supporting layer 130 to the connecting terminal 105. 
The bottom electrode 135 is connected to the via contact 160 via the 
connecting member 170. Therefore, the first signal, that is a picture 
current signal, is applied to the bottom electrode 135 from outside 
through the electrical wiring, the connecting terminal 105, the via 
contact 160, and the connecting member 170. At the same time, when a 
second signal, that is a bias current signal, is applied to the top 
electrode 145 from outside through the common line 150, an electric field 
is generated between the top electrode 145 and the bottom electrode 135. 
Thus, the active layer 140 formed between the top electrode 145 and the 
bottom electrode 135 is deformed by the electric field. 
Preferably, the supporting layer 130 has a T-shape and the bottom electrode 
135 has a rectangular shape. The bottom electrode 135 is formed on a 
central portion of the supporting layer 130. The active layer 140 has a 
rectangular shape and is smaller than the bottom electrode 135 and the top 
electrode 145 has a rectangular shape and is smaller than the active layer 
140. 
A method for manufacturing the thin film AMA in an optical projection 
system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be 
described as follows. 
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a state in which a first layer 129 is formed. 
Referring to FIGS. 8A and 8B, the substrate 100 having the electrical 
wiring (not shown) and the connecting terminal 105 is provided. 
Preferably, the substrate 100 is composed of a semiconductor such as 
silicon (Si). The connecting terminal 105 is formed by using a metal, for 
example tungsten (W). The connecting terminal 105 is connected to the 
electrical wiring. The electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105 
receive the first signal (the picture current signal) and transmit the 
first signal to the bottom electrode 135. Preferably, the electrical 
wiring has an MOS transistor for switching operation. 
The passivation layer 110 is formed on the substrate 100 having the 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105. The passivation layer 
110 is formed by using phosphor-silicate glass (PSG). The passivation 
layer 110 is formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method so that 
the passivation layer 110 has a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 
1.0 .mu.m. The passivation layer 110 protects the substrate 100 including 
the electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105 during subsequent 
manufacturing steps. 
The etch stop layer 115 is formed on the passivation layer 110 by using 
nitride so that the etch stop layer 115 has a thickness of between about 
1000 .ANG. and 2000 .ANG.. The etch stop layer 115 is formed by a low 
pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method. The etch stop layer 115 
protects the passivation layer 110 and the substrate 100 during subsequent 
etching steps. 
A first sacrificial layer 120 is formed on the etch stop layer 115 by using 
PSG so that the first sacrificial layer 120 has a thickness of between 
about 0.5 .mu.m and 2.0 .mu.m. The first sacrificial layer 120 enables the 
actuator 190 to form easily. The first sacrificial layer 120 is removed by 
using a hydrogen fluoride vapor when the actuator 190 is completely 
formed. The first sacrificial layer 120 is formed by an atmospheric 
pressure CVD (APCVD) method. In this case, the degree of flatness of the 
first sacrificial layer 120 is poor because the first sacrificial layer 
120 covers the top of the substrate 100 having the electrical wiring and 
the connecting terminal 105. Therefore, the surface of the first 
sacrificial layer 120 is planarized by using a spin on glass (SOG) or by a 
chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method. Preferably, the surface of the 
first sacrificial layer 120 is planarized by CMP method. 
After a portion of the first sacrificial layer 120 having the connecting 
terminal 105 formed thereunder is patterned along the column direction in 
order to expose a portion of the etch stop layer 115, a first layer 129 is 
formed on the exposed portion of the etch stop layer 115 and on the first 
sacrificial layer 120. The first layer 129 is formed by using a rigid 
material, for example a nitride or a metal so that the first layer 129 has 
a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. When the first layer 
129 is formed by an LPCVD method, the ratio of nitride gas is adjusted 
according to the reaction time so as to release the stress in the first 
layer 129. The first layer 129 will be patterned to form the supporting 
layer 130. 
FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a state in which a top electrode layer 144 is 
formed. 
Referring, to FIGS. 9A and 9B, after a first photo-resist layer 132 is 
formed on the first layer 129 by a spin coating method, the first 
photo-resist 132 is patterned so as to expose a portion of the first layer 
129 along the horizontal direction. As a result, a rectangular portion of 
first layer 129 which is adjacent to the connecting terminal 105 is 
exposed. After a bottom electrode layer is formed on the exposed portion 
of the first layer 129 and on the first photo-resist layer 132 by a 
sputtering method, the bottom electrode layer is patterned to form the 
bottom electrode 135 on the exposed portion of the first layer 129 
considering the position on which the common line 150 will be formed. So, 
the bottom electrode 135 has a rectangular shape. The bottom electrode 135 
is formed by using an electrically conductive metal such as platinum (Pt), 
tantalum (Ta), or platinum-tantalum (Pt-Ta) so that the bottom electrode 
135 has a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. 
A second layer 139 is formed on the bottom electrode 135 and on the first 
photo-resist layer 132. The second layer 139 is formed by using a 
piezoelectric material such as PZT (Pb(Zr, Ti)O.sub.3) or PLZT ((Pb, 
La)(Zr, Ti)O.sub.3) so that the second layer 139 has a thickness of 
between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m, preferably, about 0.4 .mu.m. Also, 
the second layer 139 is formed by using an electrostrictive material such 
as PMN (Pb(Mg, Nb)O.sub.3). The second layer 139 is formed by a sol-gel 
method, a sputtering method, or a CVD method. Subsequently, the second 
layer 139 is annealed by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) method and then 
the second layer 139 is polled. The second layer 139 will be patterned so 
as to form the active layer 140. 
A top electrode layer 144 is formed on the second layer 139. The top 
electrode layer 144 is formed by using an electrically conductive metal 
such as aluminum (Al), platinum, or tantalum. The top electrode layer 144 
is formed by a sputtering method or a CVD method so that the top electrode 
layer 144 has a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. The 
top electrode layer 144 will be patterned so as to form the top electrode 
145. 
FIG. 10A illustrates a state in which the common line 150 is formed and 
FIG. 10B illustrates a state in which the via contact 160 is formed. 
Referring to FIG. 10A, after a second photo-resist layer (not shown) is 
coated on the top electrode layer 144 by a spin coating method, the top 
electrode layer 144 is patterned so as to from the top electrode 145 
having a rectangular shape by using the second photo-resist layer as an 
etching mask. Then, the second photo-resist layer is removed by striping. 
The second layer 139 is patterned by the same method as that of the top 
electrode layer 144. That is, after a third photo-resist layer (not shown) 
is coated on the top electrode 145 and on the second layer 139 by a spin 
coating method, the second layer 139 is patterned so as to form the active 
layer 140 by using the third photo-resist layer as an etching mask. The 
active layer 140 has a rectangular shape which is wider than that of the 
top electrode 145. In this case, the active layer 140 is smaller than the 
bottom electrode 135. Then, the third photo-resist layer is removed by 
striping. 
The first layer 129 is patterned so as to form the supporting layer 130 by 
the above-described method. The supporting layer 130 has a T-shape which 
differs from the shape of the bottom electrode 135. The bottom electrode 
135 is formed on the central portion of the supporting layer 130. 
The common line 150 is formed on the first portion of the supporting layer 
130 after the first photo-resist layer 132 is removed. Namely, after a 
fourth photo-resist layer (not shown) is coated on the supporting layer 
130 by a spin coating method and then the fourth photo-resist is patterned 
to expose the first portion of the supporting layer 130, the common line 
150 is formed on the exposed portion of the supporting layer 130 by using 
an electrically conductive metal such as platinum, tantalum, 
platinum-tantalum, or aluminum. The common line 150 is formed by a 
sputtering method or a CVD method so that the common line 150 has a 
thickness of between about 0.5 .mu.m and 2.0 .mu.m. At that time, the 
common line 150 is separated from the bottom electrode 135 by a 
predetermined distance and is attached to the top electrode 145 and to the 
active layer 140. As it is described above, a voltage drop of the second 
signal can be minimized when the second signal passes the common line 150 
because the common line 150 has a thick thickness, so its internal 
resistance is decreased. Thereby, a sufficient second signal is applied to 
the top electrode 145 through the common line 150, so an sufficient 
electric field is generated between the top electrode 145 and the bottom 
electrode 135. 
Referring to FIG. 10B, a portion of the first portion of supporting layer 
130 having the connecting terminal 105 thereunder and a portion which is 
adjacent to the portion of the first portion of the supporting layer 130 
are exposed when the fourth photo-resist is patterned. The via hole 155 is 
formed from the portion of the first portion of the supporting layer 130 
to the connecting terminal 105 through the etch stop layer 115 and the 
passivation layer 110 by an etching. The via contact 160 is formed in the 
via hole 155 from the connecting terminal 105 to the supporting layer 130. 
At the same time, the connecting member 170 is formed on the portion which 
is adjacent to the portion of the first portion of the supporting layer 
130 from the bottom electrode 135 to the via contact 160. Thus, the via 
contact 160, the connecting member 170, and the bottom electrode 135 are 
connected one after another. The via contact 160 and the connecting member 
170 are formed by using an electrically conductive metal such as platinum, 
tantalum, or platinum-tantalum. The connecting member 170 has a thickness 
of between about 0.5 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. Thereby, a voltage drop of the 
first signal can be minimized when the first signal passes the connecting 
member 170 because the connecting member 170 has a thick thickness, so its 
internal resistance is decreased. Thereby, a sufficient first signal is 
applied to the bottom electrode 135 through the via contact 160 and the 
connecting member 170. The actuator 190 having the top electrode 145, the 
active layer 140, the bottom electrode 135, and the supporting layer 130, 
is completed after the fourth photo-resist is removed by etching. 
FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate a state in which the reflecting member 180 is 
formed. 
Referring to FIGS. 11A and 11B, after the first sacrificial layer 120 is 
removed by using a hydrogen fluoride vapor, a second sacrificial layer 185 
is formed on the actuator 190 by using a polymer having a fluidity. The 
second sacrificial layer 185 is formed by a spin coating method so that 
the second sacrificial layer 185 covers the top electrode 145. 
Subsequently, the second sacrificial layer 185 is patterned to expose a 
portion of the top electrode 145. The post 175 is formed on the exposed 
portion of the top electrode 145 and the reflecting member 180 is formed 
on the post 175 and on the second sacrificial layer 185. The post 175 and 
the reflecting member 180 are simultaneously formed by using a reflective 
metal such as aluminum, platinum, or silver. The post 175 and the 
reflecting member 180 are formed by a sputtering method or a CVD method. 
Preferably, the reflecting member 180 for reflecting a incident light from 
a light source (not shown) is a mirror and has a thickness of between 0.1 
.mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. The reflecting member 180 has a rectangular plate 
shape to cover the top electrode 145. As it is described above, the 
flatness of the reflecting member 180 may be enhanced because the 
reflecting member 180 is formed on the second sacrificial layer 185. The 
actuator 190 which the reflecting member 180 is formed thereon is 
completed as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 after the second sacrificial layer 185 
is removed by etching. 
An ohmic contact (not shown) is formed on the bottom of the substrate 100 
by using chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), or gold after the substrate 100 having 
the actuator 190 is rinsed and dried. The ohmic contact is formed by a 
sputtering method or an evaporation method. The substrate 100 is cut to 
prepare for tape carrier package (TCP) bonding in order to apply the first 
signal to the bottom electrode 135 and the second signal to the top 
electrode 145. Then, an panel pad (not shown) of the thin film AMA and a 
pad of TCP are connected so that the thin film AMA module is completed. 
The operation of the thin film AMA in an optical projection system 
according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be 
described. 
In the thin film AMA according to the present embodiment, the second signal 
(the bias current signal) is applied to the top electrode 145 via the pad 
of TCP, the panel pad of AMA, and the common line 150. At the same time, 
the first signal (the picture current signal) is applied to the bottom 
electrode 135 via the pad of TCP, the panel pad of AMA, the electrical 
wiring, the connecting terminal 105, the via contact 160, and the 
connecting member 170. Thereby, an electric field is generated between the 
top electrode 145 and the bottom electrode 135. The active layer 140 
formed between the top electrode 145 and the bottom electrode 135 is 
deformed by the electric field. The active layer 140 is deformed in the 
direction perpendicular to the electric field. The active layer 140 
actuates in the direction opponent to the supporting layer 130. That is, 
the actuator 190 having the active layer 140 actuates upward by a 
predetermined tilting angle. 
The reflecting member 180 for reflecting the incident light from the light 
source is tilted with the actuator 190 because the reflecting member 180 
is supported by the post 175 and is formed on the actuator 190. Hence, the 
reflecting member 180 reflects the light onto the screen, so the picture 
is projected onto the screen. 
Therefore, in the thin film AMA according to the present embodiment, the 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105 which are formed on the 
substrate 100 may not be damaged because the actuator 190 is formed on a 
portion of the substrate 100 which is adjacent to the portion where the 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 105 are formed. In addition, 
the voltage drop of the second signal can be minimized because the common 
line 150 is formed thickly on a portion of the actuator 190, so a 
sufficient second signal is applied to the top electrode 145. Thereby, a 
sufficient electric field is generated between the top electrode 145 and 
the bottom electrode 135. Furthermore, the flatness of the reflecting 
member 180 may be enhanced because the reflecting member 180 is formed on 
the second sacrificial layer 185 after the second sacrificial layer 185 is 
formed on the actuator 190 and the reflecting member 180 is supported by 
the post 175. 
EMBODIMENT 2 
FIG. 12 is a plan view for showing a thin film actuated mirror array in an 
optical projection system according to a second embodiment of the present 
invention, FIG. 13 is a perspective view for showing the thin film 
actuated mirror array in FIG. 12, FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view taken 
along line 14--14 of FIG. 13, and FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view taken 
along line 15--15 of FIG. 13. 
Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the thin film AMA according to the present 
embodiment has a substrate 200, an actuator 290 formed on the substrate 
200, and a reflecting member 280 installed on the actuator 290. 
The actuator 290 has a first actuating portion 291 formed on a first 
portion of the substrate 200 and a second actuating portion 292 formed on 
a second portion of the substrate 200. 
Referring to FIG. 14, the substrate 200 has an electrical wiring (not 
shown), a connecting terminal 205 formed on the electrical wiring, a 
passivation layer 210 formed on the connecting terminal 205 and on the 
electrical wiring, and an etch stop layer 215 formed on the passivation 
layer 210. The electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 205 receive a 
first signal (a picture current signal) from outside and transmit the 
first signal. Preferably, the electrical wiring has an MOS transistor for 
switching operation. The passivation layer 210 protects the substrate 200 
having the electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 205. The etch 
stop layer 215 prevents the passivation layer 210 and the substrate 200 
from etching during subsequent etching steps. 
The actuator 290 has the first actuating portion 291 and the second 
actuating portion 292 which are formed parallel to each other. The first 
actuating portion 291 has a first supporting layer 231 having a first 
portion attached to a first portion of the etch stop layer 215 and a 
second portion formed parallel to the etch stop layer 215, a first bottom 
electrode 241 formed on a central portion of the first supporting layer 
231, a first active layer 251 formed on the first bottom electrode 241, a 
first top electrode 261 formed on the first active layer 251, and a first 
post 271 formed on a portion of the first top electrode 261. An air gap 
220 is interposed between the etch stop layer 215 and the second portion 
of the first supporting layer 231. The first active layer 251 has a 
rectangular shape which is larger than the first top electrode 261. The 
first bottom electrode 241 also has a rectangular shape which is larger 
than the first active layer 251. 
The second actuating portion 292 has the same shape as that of the first 
actuating portion 291. The second actuating portion 292 has a second 
supporting layer 232 having a first portion attached to a second portion 
of the etch stop layer 215 and a second portion formed parallel to the 
etch stop layer 215, a second bottom electrode 242 formed on a central 
portion of the second supporting layer 232, a second active layer 252 
formed on the second bottom electrode 242, a second top electrode 262 
formed on the second active layer 252, and a second post 271 formed on a 
portion of the second top electrode 261. The air gap 220 is interposed 
between the etch stop layer 215 and the second portion of the second 
supporting layer 232. The second active layer 252 has a rectangular shape 
which is larger than the second top electrode 262. The second bottom 
electrode 242 also has a rectangular shape which is larger than the second 
active layer 252. 
The first portion of the first supporting layer 231 and the first portion 
of the second supporting layer 232 are connected each other. Preferably, 
the first supporting layer 231 and the second supporting layer 232 
respectively have a T-shape. 
A common line 305 is formed on a first portion of the actuator 290. Namely, 
the common line 305 is formed on the first portion of the first supporting 
layer 231 and on the first portion of the second supporting layer 232. The 
common line 305 is connected to the first top electrode 261 and to the 
second top electrode 262. 
The reflecting member 280 is supported by the first post 271 and by the 
second post 272 so that the reflecting member 280 is formed parallel to 
the first top electrode 261 and to the second top electrode 262. 
Referring to FIG. 15, a via hole 295 is formed from a connecting portion of 
the first supporting layer 231 and the second supporting layer 232 to the 
connecting terminal 205 through the passivation layer 210 and the etch 
stop layer 215. 
The actuator 290 has a via contact 300 formed in the via hole 295, a first 
connecting member 301 formed from the via contact 300 to the first bottom 
electrode 241, and a second connecting member 302 formed from the via 
contact 300 to the second bottom electrode 242. Thus, the first signal is 
applied to the first bottom electrode 241 from outside through the 
electrical wiring, the connecting terminal 205, the via contact 300, and 
the first connecting member 301. The first signal is also applied to the 
second bottom electrode 242 from outside through the electrical wiring, 
the connecting terminal 205, the via contact 300, and the second 
connecting member 302. At the same time, when the second signal is applied 
to the first top electrode 261 and to the second top electrode 262 from 
outside through the common line 305, a first electric field is generated 
between the first top electrode 261 and the first bottom electrode 241 and 
a second electric field is generated between the second top electrode 262 
and the second bottom electrode 242. Thereby, the first active layer 251 
formed between the first top electrode 261 and the first bottom electrode 
241 is deformed by the first electric field and the second active layer 
252 formed between the second top electrode 262 and the second bottom 
electrode 242 is also deformed by the second electric field. 
A method for manufacturing the thin film AMA in an optical projection 
system according to the present embodiment will be described as follows. 
FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate a state in which a supporting layer 230 is 
formed. 
Referring to FIGS. 16A and 16B, the substrate 200 having the electrical 
wiring (not shown) and the connecting terminal 205 is provided. The 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 205 receive the first signal 
from outside and transmit the first signal to the first bottom electrode 
241 and to the second bottom electrode 242. Preferably, the substrate 200 
is composed of a semiconductor such as silicon and the electrical wiring 
has an MOS transistor for switching operation. 
The passivation layer 210 is formed on the substrate 200 having the 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 205. The passivation layer 
210 is formed by using PSG so that the passivation layer 210 has a 
thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. The passivation layer 
210 is formed by CVD method. The passivation layer 210 protects the 
substrate 200 having the electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 205 
during subsequent manufacturing steps. 
The etch stop layer 215 is formed on the passivation layer 210 by using 
nitride so that the etch stop layer 215 has a thickness of between about 
1000 .ANG. and 2000 .ANG.. The etch stop layer 215 is formed by a LPCVD 
method. The etch stop layer 215 protects the passivation layer 210 and the 
substrate 200 during subsequent etching steps. 
A first sacrificial layer 220 is formed on the etch stop layer 215 by using 
PSG so that the first sacrificial layer 220 has a thickness of between 
about 0.5 .mu.m and 2.0 .mu.m. The first sacrificial layer 220 enables the 
actuator 290 to form easily. The first sacrificial layer 220 is removed by 
using a hydrogen fluoride vapor when the actuator 290 is completely 
formed. The first sacrificial layer 220 is formed by an APCVD method. In 
this case, the degree of flatness of the first sacrificial layer 220 is 
poor because the first sacrificial layer 220 covers the top of the 
substrate 200 having the electrical wiring and the connecting terminal 
205. Therefore, the surface of the first sacrificial layer 220 is 
planarized by using an SOG or by a CMP method. Preferably, the surface of 
the first sacrificial layer 220 is planarized by the CMP method. 
A portion of the first sacrificial layer 220 having the connecting terminal 
205 formed thereunder is patterned in order to expose a portion of the 
etch stop layer 115, so the etch stop layer 215 is exposed as a 
rectangular shape centering around the connecting terminal 205. The 
supporting layer 230 is formed on the exposed portion of the etch stop 
layer 215 and on the first sacrificial layer 220. The supporting layer 230 
is formed by using a rigid material, for example a nitride or a metal so 
that the supporting layer 230 has a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m 
and 1.0 .mu.m. When the supporting layer 230 is formed by an LPCVD method, 
the ratio of nitride gas is adjusted according to the reaction time so as 
to release the stress in the supporting layer 230. The supporting layer 
230 will be patterned to form the first supporting layer 231 and the 
second supporting layer 232. 
FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate a state in which a top electrode layer 260 is 
formed. 
Referring to FIGS. 17A and 17B, after a first photo-resist layer 235 is 
formed on the supporting layer 230 by a spin coating method, the first 
photo-resist 235 is patterned to expose a first portion and a second 
portion of the supporting layer 230 along the horizontal direction. As a 
result, the first portion and the second portion of the supporting layer 
230 which are adjacent to the connecting terminal 205 are exposed as a 
rectangular shape. The first rectangular portion and the second 
rectangular portion are parallel to each other. After a bottom electrode 
layer is formed on the exposed rectangular portions of the supporting 
layer 230 and on the first photo-resist layer 235 by a sputtering method, 
the bottom electrode layer is patterned to form the first bottom electrode 
241 on the first exposed rectangular portion of the supporting layer 230 
considering the position on which the common line 305 will be formed. At 
the same time, the second bottom electrode 242 is formed on the second 
exposed rectangular portion of the supporting layer 230. So, the first 
bottom electrode 241 and the second bottom electrode 242 respectively have 
a rectangular shape. The first bottom electrode 241 and the second bottom 
electrode 242 are formed by using an electrically conductive metal such as 
platinum, tantalum, or platinum-tantalum so that the first bottom 
electrode 241 and the second bottom electrode 242 respectively have a 
thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. 
An active layer 250 is formed on the first bottom electrode 241, on the 
second bottom electrode 242, and on the first photo-resist layer 235. The 
active layer 250 is formed by using a piezoelectric material such as PZT 
(Pb(Zr, Ti)O.sub.3) or PLZT ((Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O.sub.3) so that the active 
layer 250 has a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m, 
preferably, about 0.4 .mu.m. Also, the active layer 250 is formed by using 
an electrostrictive material such as PMN (Pb(Mg, Nb)O.sub.3). The active 
layer 250 is formed by a sol-gel method, a sputtering method, or a CVD 
method. Subsequently, the active layer 250 is annealed by an RTA method 
and then the active layer 250 is polled. The active layer 250 will be 
patterned so as to form the first active layer 251 and the second layer 
252. 
A top electrode layer 260 is formed on the active layer 250. The top 
electrode layer 260 is formed by using an electrically conductive metal 
such as aluminum, platinum, or tantalum. The top electrode layer 260 is 
formed by a sputtering method or a CVD method so that the top electrode 
layer 260 has a thickness of between about 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. The 
top electrode layer 260 will be patterned so as to form the first top 
electrode 261 and the second top electrode 262. 
FIG. 18A illustrates a state in which the common line 305 is formed and 
FIG. 18B illustrates a state in which the via contact 300 is formed. 
Referring to FIG. 18A, after a second photo-resist layer (not shown) is 
coated on the top electrode layer 260 by a spin coating method, the top 
electrode layer 260 is patterned so as to form the first top electrode 261 
and the second top electrode 262 each of which has a rectangular shape by 
using the second photo-resist layer as an etching mask. Then, the second 
photo-resist layer is removed by etching. The first top electrode 261 is 
formed above the first bottom electrode 241 and the second top electrode 
262 is formed above the second bottom electrode 242. Hence, the first top 
electrode 261 and the second top electrode 262 are parallel to each other. 
The active layer 250 is patterned by the same method as that of the top 
electrode layer 260. That is, after a third photo-resist layer (not shown) 
is coated on the first top electrode 261, on the second top electrode 262, 
and on the active layer 250 by a spin coating method, the active layer 250 
is patterned so as to form the first active layer 251 and the second 
active layer 252 by using the third photo-resist layer as an etching mask. 
The first active layer 251 has a rectangular shape which is wider than 
that of the first top electrode 261 and the second active layer 252 also 
has a rectangular shape which is wider than that of the second top 
electrode 262. In this case, the first active layer 251 is smaller than 
the first bottom electrode 241 and the second active layer 252 is smaller 
than the second bottom electrode 242. Then, the third photo-resist layer 
is removed by etching. 
The supporting layer 230 is patterned so as to form the first supporting 
layer 231 and the second supporting layer 232 by the above-described 
method. The first supporting layer 231 has an L-shape and the second 
supporting layer 232 has a reverse L-shape. So, the first supporting layer 
231 and the second supporting layer have an U-shape together. 
The common line 305 is formed on the portion of the first portion of the 
first supporting layer 231 and on the portion of the first portion of the 
second supporting layer 232 after the first photo-resist layer 235 is 
removed. Namely, after a fourth photo-resist layer (not shown) is coated 
on the first supporting layer 231 and on the second supporting layer 232 
by a spin coating method and then the fourth photo-resist is patterned to 
expose the portion of the first portion of the first supporting layer 231 
and the portion of the first portion of the second supporting layer 232, 
the common line 305 is formed on the exposed portions of the first 
supporting layer 231 and the second supporting layer 232 by using an 
electrically conductive metal such as platinum, tantalum, 
platinum-tantalum, or aluminum. The common line 305 is formed by a 
sputtering method or a CVD method so that the common line 305 has a 
thickness of between about 0.5 .mu.m and 2.0 .mu.m. At that time, the 
common line 305 is separated from the first bottom electrode 241 and the 
second bottom electrode 242 by a predetermined distance and is attached to 
the first top electrode 261 and to the second top electrode 262. As it is 
described above, a voltage drop of the second signal can be minimized when 
the second signal passes the common line 305 because the common line 305 
has a thick thickness in order to decrease its internal resistance. 
Thereby, a sufficient second signal is applied to the first top electrode 
261 and to the second top electrode 262 through the common line 305, so an 
sufficient first electric field is generated between the first top 
electrode 261 and the first bottom electrode 262 and an sufficient second 
electric field is generated between the second top electrode 262 and the 
second bottom electrode 242, too. 
Referring to FIG. 18B, a portion where the first supporting layer 231 and 
the second supporting layer are connected and portions which are adjacent 
to the portion where the first supporting layer 231 and the second 
supporting layer 232 are connected are exposed when the fourth 
photo-resist is patterned. The connecting terminal 205 is formed under the 
connected portion. The via hole 295 is formed from the connected portion 
to the connecting terminal 205 through the etch stop layer 215 and the 
passivation layer 210 by an etching. The via contact 300 is formed in the 
via hole 295 from the connecting terminal 205 to the connected portion. At 
the same time, the first connecting member 301 is formed on the first 
supporting layer 231 from the first bottom electrode 241 to the via 
contact 300 and the second connecting member 302 is formed on the second 
supporting layer 232 from the second bottom electrode 242 to the via 
contact 300. Thus, the via contact 300, the first connecting member 301, 
and the first bottom electrode 241 are connected one after another. Also, 
the via contact 300, the second connecting member 302, and the second 
bottom electrode 242 are connected one after another. The via contact 300, 
the first connecting member 301, and the second connecting member 302 are 
formed by using an electrically conductive metal such as platinum, 
tantalum, or platinum-tantalum. The first connecting member 301 and the 
second connecting member 302 has a thickness of between about 0.5 .mu.m 
and 1.0 .mu.m. Thereby, a voltage drop of the first signal can be 
minimized when the first signal passes the first connecting member 301 and 
the second connecting member 302 because the first connecting member 301 
and the second connecting member 302 respectively have a thick thickness 
in order to decrease their internal resistances. Therefore, a sufficient 
first signal is applied to the first bottom electrode 241 through the via 
contact 300 and the first connecting member 301 and is applied to the 
second bottom electrode 242 through the via contact 300 and the second 
connecting member 302. The first actuating portion 291 having the first 
top electrode 261, the first active layer 251, the first bottom electrode 
241, and the first supporting layer 231 and the second actuating portion 
292 having the second top electrode 262, the second active layer 252, the 
second bottom electrode 242, and the second supporting layer 232 are 
completed after the fourth photo-resist is removed by etching. 
FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate a state in which the reflecting member 280 is 
formed. 
Referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B, after the first sacrificial layer 220 is 
removed by using a hydrogen fluoride vapor, a second sacrificial layer 310 
is formed on the actuator 290 by using a polymer having a fluidity. The 
second sacrificial layer 310 is formed by a spin coating method so that 
the second sacrificial layer 310 covers the first top electrode 261 and 
the second top electrode 262. Subsequently, the second sacrificial layer 
310 is patterned to expose a portion of the first top electrode 261 and a 
portion of the second top electrode 262. The first post 271 is formed on 
the exposed portion of the first top electrode 261 and the second post 272 
is formed on the exposed portion of the second top electrode 262. The 
reflecting member 280 is formed on the first post 271, on the second post 
272, and on the second sacrificial layer 310. The first post 271, the 
second post 272, and the reflecting member 280 are simultaneously formed 
by using a reflective metal such as aluminum, platinum, or silver. The 
first post 271, the second post 272, and the reflecting member 280 are 
formed by a sputtering method or a CVD method. Preferably, the reflecting 
member 280 for reflecting a incident light from a light source (not shown) 
is a mirror and has a thickness of between 0.1 .mu.m and 1.0 .mu.m. The 
reflecting member 280 has a rectangular plate shape to cover the first top 
electrode 261 and the second top electrode 262. As it is described above, 
the flatness of the reflecting member 280 may be enhanced because the 
reflecting member 280 is formed on the second sacrificial layer 310. The 
actuator 290 which the reflecting member 280 is formed thereon is 
completed as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 after the second sacrificial layer 310 
is removed by etching. 
An ohmic contact (not shown) is formed on the bottom of the substrate 200 
by using chrome, nickel, or gold after the substrate 200 having the 
actuator 290 is rinsed and dried. The ohmic contact is formed by a 
sputtering method or an evaporation method. The substrate 200 is cut to 
prepare for TCP bonding in order to apply the first signal to the first 
bottom electrode 241 and to the second bottom electrode 242 and the second 
signal to the first top electrode 261 and to the second top electrode 262. 
Then, an panel pad (not shown) of the thin film AMA and a pad of TCP are 
connected so that the thin film AMA module is completed. 
The operation of the thin film AMA in an optical projection system 
according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be 
described. 
In the thin film AMA according to the present embodiment, the second signal 
(the bias current signal) is applied to the first top electrode 261 and to 
the second top electrode 262 via the pad of TCP, the panel pad of AMA, and 
the common line 305. At the same time, the first signal (the picture 
current signal) is applied to the first bottom electrode 241 via the pad 
of TCP, the panel pad of AMA, the electrical wiring, the connecting 
terminal 205, the via contact 300, and the first connecting member 301. 
The first signal is also applied to the second bottom electrode 242 via 
the pad of TCP, the panel pad of AMA, the electrical wiring, the 
connecting terminal 205, the via contact 300, and the second connecting 
member 302. Thereby, the first electric field is generated between the 
first top electrode 261 and the first bottom electrode 241 and the second 
electric field is generated between the second top electrode 262 and the 
second bottom electrode 242. The first active layer 251 formed between the 
first top electrode 261 and the first bottom electrode 241 is deformed by 
the first electric field and the second active layer 252 formed between 
the second top electrode 262 and the second bottom electrode 242 is 
deformed by the second electric field. The first active layer 251 is 
deformed in the direction perpendicular to the first electric field and 
the second active layer 252 is deformed in the direction perpendicular to 
the second electric field. The first active layer 251 actuates in the 
direction opponent to the first supporting layer 231 and the second active 
layer 252 actuates in the direction opponent to the second supporting 
layer 232. That is, the first actuating portion 291 having the first 
active layer 251 and the second actuating portion 292 having the second 
active layer 252 respectively actuate upward by a predetermined tilting 
angle. 
The reflecting member 280 for reflecting the incident light from the light 
source is tilted with the first actuating portion 291 and with the second 
actuating portion 292 because the reflecting member 280 is supported by 
the first post 271 and by the second post 272 and is formed on the 
actuator 290. Hence, the reflecting member 280 reflects the light onto the 
screen, so the picture is projected onto the screen. 
As it is described above, in the thin film actuated mirror array in an 
optical projection system according to the present invention, the 
electrical wiring and the connecting terminal which are formed on the 
substrate may not be damaged because the actuator is formed on a portion 
of the substrate which is adjacent to the portion where the electrical 
wiring and the connecting terminal are formed. In addition, the voltage 
drop of the second signal can be minimized because the common line is 
formed thickly on a portion of the actuator, so the sufficient second 
signal is applied to the first top electrode and to the second top 
electrode. Thereby, the sufficient electric fields are generated between 
the first top electrode and the first bottom electrode and between the 
second top electrode and the second bottom electrode. Furthermore, the 
flatness of the reflecting member may be enhanced because the reflecting 
member is formed on the second sacrificial layer after the second 
sacrificial layer is formed on the actuator and the reflecting member is 
supported by the first post and by the second post. 
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been 
described, it is understood that the present invention should not be 
limited to this preferred embodiments, but various changes and 
modifications can be made by one skilled in the art within the spirit and 
scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.