Ink fountain

A novel ink fountain comprises a fountain roller radially approached by an ink supporting doctor blade. In order to retain low viscosity inks in the fountain, the blade must approach very closely to the fountain roller surface without touching it. To accommodate the potentially irregular surface of fountain rollers, the blade is rendered transversely deflectable in segments by means of cut-outs, and vernier adjustment means acting on the segments may be used to conform the blade closely to the roller surface condition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
It has been found desirable to provide certain automated lithographic 
duplicators with ink of low viscosity and also to do this in such manner 
that the temperature rise of the ink in the fountain due to working of the 
ink is minimized. This is accomplished by a radially presented blade which 
acts to doctor a thick film of ink onto the surface of the fountain roller 
and at the same time to support the body of ink in the fountain. The gap 
between the blade and the fountain roller must be accurately adjusted to 
close tolerances to give a very small gap in order to prevent leakage of 
the low viscosity ink when the machine is not running. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The problems in achieving close and fairly uniform spacing between the 
blade and the surface of the fountain roll arise by reason of the fact 
that fountain rollers are not always precisely uniform to the degree 
necessary to achieve the spacing required. They may suffer from taper, 
crown anti-crown, and eccentricity, and it is necessary to provide a blade 
which is sufficiently adjustable to take care of the first three of these 
slight vagaries of roller configuration, and to some extent the last. 
In accordance with the present invention the flat blade has been provided 
with transverse flexibility by cutting out or notching it deeply at at 
least two points to provide a thin section with higher flexibility. The 
blade is supported on adjustment devices which will permit setting its 
several sections each in close proximity to the portion of the fountain 
roller which it opposes.

With reference to the drawing, there is shown in FIG. 1 an ink train 10 and 
a moisture system 12 of a lithographic duplicator. 
The ink system 10 includes an ink fountain 14 embodying the usual fountain 
roller 16. To confine and support the bead of ink which feeds the fountain 
roller there are end plates, one of which is shown at 18, and an ink blade 
20 extending therebetween. 
In this particular fountain the ink blade 20, instead of being tangent with 
the fountain roller, has an edge 22 which approaches the latter in a 
radial direction. The clearance between the edge 22 and the surface of 
roller 16, indicated by reference character 24, is very small, on the 
order of 0.003 inches or less, for example, in order to hold a 
lithographic ink of low viscosity within the fountain without leakage 
during standing. 
The present invention deals with the manner of accurately setting and 
holding this small clearance without creating contact with the fountain 
roller at any point which contact would severely damage the fountain 
roller. 
The blade 20, in order to be able to undergo adjustment somewhat 
independently in various segments must be longitudinally flexible in a 
widthwise direction. As seen best in FIG. 2 this type of flexibility is 
brought about by providing blade 20 with a number of deep cutouts or 
notches 26, in this case two. These provide a certain amount of lateral 
flexibility to the blade 20 in its own plane so that the edge 22, normally 
straight, can be forced into a configuration conforming approximately to 
the surface of the fountain roller 16. 
The blade 20 is mounted on an anvil 28 (FIG. 1), positioned adjacent the 
fountain roller 16, and for this purpose is provided with three openings 
30 which receive three mounting and adjustment devices associated with the 
anvil 28. One of these mounting devices is indicated generally at 32 in 
FIG. 1, and is shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4. 
The mounting device includes a threaded shaft member or screw 34 which has 
a kerf 36 at its head end and a stepped enlargement midway of its length. 
The latter includes cylindrical peripheries of two diameters, the first, 
designated 38, is concentric and rotatably fits a recess 40 in the upper 
surface of the anvil 28. The second cylinder 42 is above the cylinder 38 
and is eccentric with respect to the axis of the screw 34 and cylinder 38. 
Surrounding the cylinder 42 is a ring 44 forming part of and porjecting 
downwardly from a hexagonal adjusting head 46 which is retained on the 
screw for rotation relative thereto by any suitable retaining means, for 
example, a spring snap washer 48 which also serves to retain the adjusting 
head 46 in desired set position. 
As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the inner cylindrical periphery of the 
ring 44 rotates freely on the cylindrical surface 42, and the outer 
cylindrical periphery which is slightly eccentric to the inner periphery 
is received in an opening 30 of the blade 20. The openings 30 are slightly 
oval, the shorter or X dimension running transversely of the blade and the 
longer dimensions being parallel to the blade edge to allow for 
independent throw of the several eccentrics. The dimension X of the blade 
opening fits the exterior of the ring 44 and the inner surfaces of the 
blade openings at opposite ends of this X dimension serve as the follower 
surfaces for coaction with the outer periphery of the cam ring 44. 
In order to simplify adjustment, the upper end of the screw 34 and the 
upper face of adjusting head 46 are each suitably marked to show the 
direction of the high point on the corresponding eccentric. 
In order to clamp the screw 34 in place in the anvil 28, its lower end 
carries a clamp nut 50 and lock washer 52. 
STATEMENT OF OPERATION 
In the specific construction described and illustrated, and with one 
particular type of ink, it is desired to establish and preserve a fairly 
uniform clearance 24 between the blade 20 and the roller 16 of about 
0.0027 inches (+0.003 inches and -0.002 inches). Because of the 
irregularity and eccentricity of rollers normally commercially available 
this is not usually possible, but in any case a minimum gap of 0.0015 at 
any place along the roller is sought to be established. 
This is accomplished by first setting all of the screws 34, using kerfs 36, 
at a home position; i.e., at a point where the high points are turned away 
from the blade edge. Similarly the adjusting heads 46 are also turned to a 
home position such that the high points of their rings 44 are also turned 
away from the blade edge. The throw of the eccentric cam 42 is 
substantially larger than that of the eccentric cam 44, and gives a gross 
setting while the latter gives a fine setting. 
The screws 34 and their eccentric cams 42 are then rotated (with the 
adjustment heads simultaneously being maintained in home position) until a 
feeler gauge shows a gap at 24 of roughly 0.004 to 0.005 inches opposite 
each of the adjustment sites. The screws 36 are then clamped in this 
adjusted position using nuts 50. This adjustment is made with the roller 
set in the rotary position where the gap is widest, and thereafter the 
setting is checked to be sure that the initial rough tolerances are 
maintained in all rotary positions of the roller. If the equipment cannot 
be adjusted to this condition, then the roller is excessively eccentric 
and must be reworked or replaced. 
At this stage the fine setting is made by means of adjusting heads 46 which 
are rotated until the desired setting between 0.0025 inches and 0.0030 
inches is obtained. This setting is preferably made in steps so that all 
three eccentrics 44 advance substantially together. 
Finally, the clearance 24 is gauged all the way around the roller 
circumference to be sure that no locations provide a spacing below the 
0.0015 inch limit. 
It is also possible to make tailored adjustments in case any portion of the 
printed product seems to indicate a suggestion of ink starvation relative 
to other portions, a very slight adjustment of the corresponding adjusting 
head 46 may be used to correct the condition. 
The arrangement disclosed which provides both a coarse and fine setting not 
only makes the adjustment less difficult to perform, but provides a 
construction much less subject to wear and hence far more durable than a 
single adjustment arrangement. 
It is noted that the settings do not move the portions of the blade in a 
directly radial fashion because of the slope of the anvil 28. The 
movement, however, is so slight that the approach of the blade edge 22 to 
the fountain roller 16 remains substantially radial. Moreover the sloped 
arrangement of the blade further simplifies setting of the gap since the 
gap change is substantially less than the actual blade edge movement due 
to the angular relation of the plane of adjustment to the plane of the gap 
.