Manufacturing process of a magnetic head, magnetic head, pattern formation method

A manufacturing method of a magnetic head includes a process for forming a lift-off mask pattern on a magnetoresistance effect element, such that the upper part of the lift-off mask pattern is larger in size than the lower part, a process for forming a couple of electrodes on the magnetoresistance effect element using the lift-off mask pattern as a mask, and a process for removing the lift-off mask pattern. The process for forming the lift-off mask pattern is performed according to a dry etching process.

REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

The present invention is based on Japanese priority application No. 2002-094522 filed on Mar. 29, 2002 with the Japanese Patent Office, and Japanese priority application No. 2003-78720 filed on Mar. 20, 2003 with the Japanese Patent Office, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a magnetic recording apparatus, and particularly relates to super-fine processing technology that is used for manufacturing a magnetic head, and the like.

At present, hard disk drive units are widely used as mass external storage for a computer, and the like.

Presently, an inductive type thin film magnetic head (inductive head) that senses a magnetic field by induced current generated in a coil is used as the magnetic head of hard disk drive units. As the demand rises for faster operations in connection with increase of recording density, the latest hard disk drive units mainly use a magnetic sensor that employs a magnetoresistance element that directly detects a magnetic field.

Especially in the hard disk drive units of the latest technology, which are capable of high-density recording, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect is adopted for the magnetic sensor. In a typical hard disk drive unit, an element that employs the giant magnetoresistance effect is formed on an Al2O3—TiC substrate, being compounded into one body with an inductive type writing head, and constituting a magnetic-head slider.

FIG. 1is a perspective diagram showing a rough composition of the compounded type magnetic head formed by a thin film.

With reference toFIG. 1, a lower magnetic shield layer31made of a NiFe alloy etc. is formed by an electrolytic plating method through an Al2O3film (not shown) on an Al2O3—TiC substrate (not shown) that constitutes the magnetic-head slider. On the lower magnetic shield layer31, a magnetoresistance effect element32that has a spin valve structure is formed by a sputtering method through a gap spacer layer31A (refer toFIG. 2) that is made of, e.g., Al2O3.

Patterning of the magnetoresistance effect element32is carried out into a predetermined form, and reading electrodes33A and33B that consist of an electric conductive film typically made of a Ta/Au/Ta laminate are further formed on both ends of the magnetoresistance effect element32on the gap spacer layer31A.

The magnetoresistance effect element32is covered by another gap spacer layer (not shown) that is made of, e.g., Al2O3. Further, an upper magnetic pole layer34that is made of, e.g., a NiFe alloy is formed by an electrolytic plating method, and the like, on the gap spacer layer, the upper magnetic pole layer34constituting an upper magnetic shield layer. The upper magnetic pole layer34and the lower magnetic shield layer31may be separately formed.

Further, on the upper magnetic pole layer34, a writing gap layer (not shown) made of, e.g., Al2O3is prepared, and a writing coil35made of a Cu layer is formed by an electrolytic plating method through a first layer insulation film (not shown) including a resist, etc. Further, writing electrodes36A and36B are formed on both ends of the coil.

The writing coil35is covered by another layer insulation film (not shown) that is made of a resist, and the like. An upper magnetic pole layer37, the tip of which constitutes a writing magnetic pole38, is formed on the layer insulation film. The upper magnetic pole layer37and the writing magnetic pole38can be formed by electrolytic plating of the NiFe alloy layer using, for example, a resist mask (not shown).

When forming the upper magnetic pole layer37and the writing magnetic pole38by electrolytic plating, a resist mask is removed, ion milling using Ar ion is carried out such that the exposed section of the plating base layers is removed, an Al2O3film is prepared on the whole surface such that a protective coat (not shown) is formed, and the substrate is diced such that individual chips are obtained. Further, slider processing that includes grinding and polishing processes is performed on each of the chips, and the length, i.e., the gap depth, of the writing magnetic pole38is adjusted. In this manner, the magnetic head slider that includes a reading head for reproduction using the magnetoresistance element32, and a writing head for recording using the inductive type thin film magnetic head is obtained.

It is noted that the magnetoresistance effect element that constitutes the magnetic recording head used by the latest hard disk drive units is required to be further miniaturized corresponding to miniaturization of recording bits, accompanying increase of recording density.

FIG. 2shows the composition of the magnetic sensor32used by the magnetic head ofFIG. 1.

With reference toFIG. 2, the magnetic sensor32includes a magnetoresistance element15that has, e.g., spin valve structure and is formed on the Al2O3film31A that covers the lower magnetic shield layer31. Further, hard bias patterns16A and16B made of a hard magnetic material are formed on both sides of the magnetoresistance element15on the Al2O3film31A.

Further, electrode patterns33A and33B, each being a laminate of a Ta film33a, an Au film33b, and a Ta film33b, are formed on the hard bias patterns16A and16B. The tip section of each of the electrode patterns33A and33B extends on the upper surface of the magnetoresistance element15, with a gap G formed in between. The gap G corresponds to the width of an effective optical core of the magnetic sensor using the magnetoresistance element15.

FIG. 3shows the structure of the magnetoresistance element15ofFIG. 2in more detail.

With reference toFIG. 3, the magnetoresistance element15includes a free layer151made of a ferromagnetic material layer, such as FeNi and a Co alloy, with its magnetization direction being changed by an external magnetic field, a non-magnetism electric conduction layer152including a Cu layer, etc. prepared on the free layer151, and a pinned layer153having a fixed magnetization direction, and including a ferromagnetic material layer, formed on the non-magnetism electric conduction layer152. The magnetization direction of the pinned layer153is pinned by a pinning layer154including a hard magnetic material layer such as CoCrPt, an antiferromagnetism layer, etc. formed on the pinned layer153.

Further, the laminating structure including the free layer151, the non-magnetism electric conduction layer152, the pinned layer153, and the pinning layer154is supported on both sides by the hard bias patterns16A and16B that consist of CoCrPt, etc., and the hard bias patterns16A and16B determine the magnetization direction of the free layer151in the state where there are no external magnetic fields.

Thus, the magnetoresistance element15has the so-called spin valve structure, and detects an external magnetic field in the form of magnetic resistance by passing a sense current I between the reading electrodes33A and33B. At this instance, by forming the reading electrodes33A and33B on the hard bias patterns16A and16B, respectively, with the tip sections extending on the surface of the magnetoresistance effect element15, such that the so-called overlaid structure is formed, the sense current I can be provided, avoiding an insensitive zone formed near the border plane between the magnetoresistance effect element15and either of the hard bias patterns16A and16B. In this manner, the S/N ratio relative to magnetization signal detection is improved.

It is noted that, in the magnetic overlaid type sensor such as mentioned above, the optical core width part G between the tip section of the reading electrode33A and the tip section of the reading electrode33B participates in the performance of the magnetoresistance detection. Specifically, the smaller the optical core width part G is, the higher the spatial resolution of the magnetic detection is. That is, in order to detect magnetized spots that are densely arranged on a disk, it is desirable that the optical core width G be reduced as much as possible in reference to the structure ofFIG. 3.

FIGS. 4A through 4Hshow a manufacturing process of a spin valve sensor that has the conventional overlaid structure.

With reference toFIG. 4A, a spin valve layer15L is formed on the Al2O3film31A. AtFIG. 4Bof the process, the spin valve layer15L is patterned by a resist pattern R1, which results in the spin valve structure15being formed.

Further, inFIG. 4Bof the process, a CoCrPt film16is accumulated, and as a result, the hard bias patterns16A and16B are formed on the Al2O3film31A on both sides of the spin valve structure15.FIG. 4Bclearly shows that the CoCrPt film16is accumulated on the resist pattern R1.

Next, atFIG. 4Cof the process, the CoCrPt film16is lifted-off with the resist pattern R1, and an organic polymer film17and a resist film R2, such as PMGI (poly dimethyl glutamid), are formed on the spin valve structure15, so that the hard bias patterns16A and16B on both sides may also continuously be covered.

Then, atFIG. 4Dof the process, the resist film R2is exposed and developed, and a resist pattern R2A is formed. AtFIG. 4Eof the process, wet etching removes the organic polymer film17using the resist pattern R2A as a mask. At this time, due to a difference in the etching selectivity between the resist pattern R2A and the organic polymer film17, the organic polymer film17receives lateral etching, and an organic polymer film pattern17A smaller than an exposure limit is formed at the bottom of the resist pattern R2A as shown inFIG. 4F. Moreover, during the wet etching, the resist pattern R2A also receives lateral etching (slimming), and its size is reduced below the exposure limit. Thus, as a result of the organic polymer film pattern17A receiving the lateral etching, an undercut17B is formed directly under the resist pattern R2A on both sides of the organic polymer film pattern17A.

Further, atFIG. 4Gof the process, a Ta film33a, an Au film33b, and a Ta film33care deposited one by one by sputtering on the structure ofFIG. 4F, using a structure20including the polymer film organic pattern17A and the resist pattern R2A as the mask. On the hard bias patterns16A and16B, the electrode patterns33A and33B, respectively, are formed, extending on the upper surface of the magnetoresistance effect element15toward the root of the organic polymer film pattern17A.

Further, by removing the organic polymer film pattern17A atFIG. 4Hof the process, an electrode layer33deposited on the resist pattern R2A is removed.

Conventionally, miniaturization of a magnetoresistance effect element has been achieved by shortening exposure wavelength, using an exposure optical system that has a high aperture rate (NA), and improving resist materials used in resist processes. However, the conventional miniaturization technique is coming to a turning point in view of difficulty of developing a resist material suitable for use with short wavelength, particularly in the case of miniaturization exposure technology after a 0.1 μm generation that uses an ArF excimer laser, etc.

Under the situation such as above, in the conventional manufacturing process described with reference toFIGS. 4A through 4H, the organic polymer film pattern17A, such as PMGI, is used, and a miniaturization process that exceeds the exposure limit is performed using the etching selectivity between the resist pattern R2A and the organic polymer film pattern17A atFIGS. 4E and 4Fof the process. AtFIG. 4Eof the process, the conventional manufacturing method uses wet etching, which does not provide sufficient controllability of etching in the lateral etching process ofFIG. 4F, which can then cause the mask pattern structure20that is to be used as a lift-off mask atFIG. 4Gof the process, including the resist pattern R2A and the organic polymer film17A, to fall after the process ofFIG. 4Fis finished. The falling of the mask pattern structure20greatly degrades the manufacturing yield of the magnetic head. Moreover, even if the structure20does not fall, control of the size of the organic polymer film pattern17A is difficult; consequently, control of the optical core width G (refer toFIG. 3) of the magnetoresistance element15becomes difficult.

Although it is desirable to use a dry etching process instead of a wet etching process in order to perform the lateral etching process ofFIG. 4Fwith a high manufacturing yield, it is difficult to obtain sufficient selectivity to dry etching by the combination of the resist film R2and the organic polymer film17, which is conventionally used.

Moreover, although it is effective to shorten the exposure wavelength in the exposure process of the resist pattern R2A ofFIG. 4Din order to form a miniaturized element, as previously mentioned, conventional organic polymer films, such as PMGI, do not function as antireflection films. For this reason, even if an exposure light source that provides short wavelength is used, it is difficult to expose the resist pattern R2A near the exposure limit. As an antireflection film, a SiN film is conventionally known. However, when the SiN film is used instead of the organic polymer film17, the lateral etching process likeFIG. 4Fcannot be performed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, a general object of the present invention is to provide a new and useful magnetoresistance effect type magnetic head, and a manufacturing method thereof that solve the problems described above.

Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a magnetoresistance effect type magnetic head, which can manufacture a magnetoresistance effect element at a high manufacturing yield using a miniaturization process, where the exposure limit is exceeded.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a magnetoresistance effect type magnetic head that has a low Barkhausen noise level.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a magnetoresistance effect element, including a process for forming a lift-off mask pattern on the magnetoresistance effect element, such that an upper part of the lift-off mask pattern is larger than a lower part of the lift-off mask pattern, a process for forming a pair of electrodes on the magnetoresistance effect element, using the lift-off mask pattern as a mask, and a process for removing the lift-off pattern, wherein the process for forming the lift-off mask pattern is carried out by a dry etching process.

According to the present invention, since a lift-off mask pattern can be formed by dry etching, defects in the lift-off mask pattern decrease in number, and a super-high-resolution magnetic head including the magnetoresistance element that has a core size below the resolution limit can be manufactured efficiently and at a high yield rate.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic head equipped with an overlaid type magnetic sensor including a magnetoresistance element and first and second electrodes formed on the upper surface of the magnetoresistance element so that tip sections of the electrodes are disposed at an interval of 70 nm or less, and are arranged with a tapering angle of 40 degrees or less.

According to the present invention, the tapering angle of the first and the second electrode tip sections is set at 40 degrees or less, and Barkhausen noise can be suppressed.

Another object the present invention is to provide a magnetic recording apparatus equipped with a magnetic recording medium and a magnetic head that scans the magnetic recording medium, wherein the magnetic head includes an overlaid type magnetic sensor including a magnetoresistance element and first and second electrodes formed on the upper surface of the magnetoresistance element such that tip sections of the first and second electrodes are separated at an interval of 70 nm or less and are arranged with a tapering angle of 40 degrees or less.

According to the present invention, signal reproduction with little Barkhausen noise becomes possible by setting the tapering angle of the first and the second electrode tip sections at 40 degrees or less.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a pattern forming method, which includes a process for forming an organic polymer film on a substrate, a process for forming a resist pattern on the organic polymer film, a process for patterning the organic polymer film by dry etching using the resist pattern as a mask, and a process for forming an organic polymer pattern that is smaller than the resist pattern using the organic polymer film under the resist pattern. Here, the dry etching process is such that isotropic etching is carried out under a condition that the etching speed of the dry etching process of the organic polymer pattern is set higher than the etching speed of the resist pattern.

According to the present invention, an isolated pattern can be formed below the resolution limit, and such that the size of the lower part of the isolated pattern is smaller than the upper part of the isolated pattern.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereafter, the principle of the present invention is described with reference toFIG. 5. As regards items previously described, the same reference numbers are given, and description thereof is omitted.

With reference toFIG. 5, the manufacturing process of the magnetic head that has the overlaid structure using the magnetoresistance element according to the present invention is characterized by forming an undercut section17B by a dry etching method at the portion corresponding to a lower section17A of the lift-off mask pattern20that is used when a lift-off process forms the electrode patterns33A and33B that form the overlaid structure.

According to the present invention, when slimming the upper part R2A of the lift-off mask pattern20is carried out, the undercut17B is simultaneously formed corresponding to the lower part17A of the lift-off mask pattern20by carrying out lateral etching of the lower part17A of the lift-off mask pattern20. Then, the magnetoresistance effect element15that has the core section G, which is miniaturized beyond the usual optical resolution limit, is obtained by forming the electrodes33A and33B using the lift-off pattern20obtained as described above.

The simultaneous process of slimming the upper part R2A, and forming the undercut17B by lateral etching of the lower part17A is made possible by forming the upper part R2A and the lower part17A of the lift-off mask pattern20by different materials, such that the etching speed of the lower17A becomes higher than the etching speed of the upper part R2A.

Especially, by forming the upper part R2A with a resist material that contains Si and forming the lower part17A with an organic polymer an etching selection ratio of two (2) or higher can be obtained between the resist pattern that constitutes the upper part R2A and the organic polymer pattern that constitutes the lower part17A.

When the resist pattern R2A and the organic polymer pattern17A constitute the lift-off pattern20, it is desired that the slimming process and the undercut formation process be carried out by plasma processing, wherein oxygen-containing gas is used such that anisotropy etching and isotropic etching are available by setting conditions, such as applied power and gas pressure. As the oxygen containing gas, O2, CO, CO2, NO, and mixtures thereof can be used, for example. Moreover, it is also possible to mix N2or Ar gas in these gases.

The slimming process and the undercut formation process may also be performed using etching gases containing fluorocarbon and oxygen, wherein processing conditions such as applied voltage and gas pressure are adjustable. In such case, CF4, CHF3, and mixtures thereof can be used as the fluorocarbon, for example; and O2, CO, CO2, NO, and mixtures thereof can be used as the oxygen-containing gas, for example, as previously described. In such case, the selectivity ratio between the resist pattern R2A and the organic polymer pattern17A can be10or higher by using a resist material that contains Si as the upper pattern R2A, and using an organic polymer film as the lower pattern17A. Moreover, it is also possible to mix N2or Ar gas in these gases.

Further, the slimming process is not limited to a plasma processing process using oxygen-containing gas. An ozone process can be used, wherein ozone gas is obtained by irradiating 172 nm excimer laser light to an oxygen atmosphere. Alternatively, an immersing process can be used, wherein the object to be processed, which has the lift-off pattern20, is immersed in ozone water. In this wet processing process, strong isotropic etching is attained.

Further, by using an organic polymer film as an antireflection film as the organic polymer film that constitutes the lower part17A, deformation of the pattern originated due to unevenness of a surface by the reflected light at the time of exposure of the resist pattern R2A can be suppressed, the surface being, for example, the surface of the hard bias patterns16A and16B.

Hereafter, a manufacturing process of a thin film magnetic head according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described, with reference toFIGS. 6A through 6H. As regards items previously described, the same reference numbers are given, and description thereof is omitted.

With reference toFIG. 6A, first, the lower magnetic shield layer31including a NiFe alloy is formed by the electrolytic plating method on an Al2O3—TiC substrate (not shown) through an Al3O2film (not shown), and a spin valve structure film15L is formed by the sputtering method through a gap spacer layer31A of Al2O3, as previously described with reference toFIG. 4A.

Next, atFIG. 6Bof the process, like the process ofFIG. 4B, patterning of the spin valve structure film15L is carried out in a predetermined form with a width of, e.g., 300 nm using the resist pattern R1as a mask. The magnetoresistance effect element15is thereby formed. Further, atFIG. 6Bof the process, a hard bias film16including CoCrPt is formed by a sputtering method using the resist pattern R1as a mask. Then, the hard bias patterns16A and16B are formed on both sides of the magnetoresistance effect element15.

Next, inFIG. 6Cof the process, the resist pattern R1and the CoCrPt film16deposited on the top of the resist pattern R1are removed, and further, an antireflection film27including an organic polymer film, thickness of which is, e.g., 80 nm, is formed to cover the magnetoresistance effect element15and the hard bias patterns16A and16B on both sides. ARC-XLX (a brand name of Brewer Science, Inc.) may be used, for example, as the antireflection film27.

AtFIG. 6Cof the process, a positive type resist film R2for KrF excimer laser is further applied to a thickness of, e.g., 500 nm on the antireflection film27. Here, the ARC-XLX film is a film of a polyimide system, and is insoluble in resist developers, such as TMAH (Tetra Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide) solution after a baking process.

Next, inFIG. 6Dof the process, the resist film R2is exposed by a KrF excimer laser serving as a light source for exposure, and developed using TMAH solution. The resist pattern R2A is thereby formed so that width is set to, e.g., 160 nm. The resist pattern R2A forms an isolated pattern like the case ofFIG. 4D.

Next, inFIG. 6Eof the process, an ICP (inductive-coupling type plasma) type dry etching process is performed via ICP etching equipment. In the dry etching process, O2 gas is supplied to a reaction chamber whose capacity is about 14 liters at a flow rate of 20 sccm at a pressure of about 0.4 Pa, and RF power at 13.56 MHz is supplied to an RF coil with a power of 100 W. Simultaneously, RF power at 13.56 MHz by a power of 200 W is supplied to a substrate holding stand as substrate bias, and then, oxygen plasma is generated in the reaction chamber. Further, anisotropy etching is performed on the exposed section of the antireflection film27for about 30 seconds using the oxygen plasma, the anisotropy etching being in a direction approximately perpendicular to the surface of the antireflection film27, whereby the antireflection film27is removed at the exposed section as shown inFIG. 6E. Further, as is shown inFIG. 6E, the antireflection film27is patterned, and the organic polymer film pattern27A, which is the remainder of the antireflection film27, is formed directly under the resist pattern R2A.

Next, atFIG. 6Fof the process, O2 gas is supplied to the reaction chamber of the ICP etching equipment at a flow rate of 30 sccm, and 13.56 MHz RF power is supplied to the RF coil at a power of 50 W under a pressure of 1 Pa. Further, a lift-off mask pattern40including the resist pattern R2A and the antireflection film27A is formed on the magnetoresistance element15by setting the value of the RF power supplied to the substrate holding stand at 0 W to generate oxygen plasma, and performing isotropic etching for about 7 minutes using the oxygen plasma.

In the case of the isotropic dry etching atFIG. 6F, the rate of etching speeds of the organic polymer film pattern27A including the ARC-XLX to the resist pattern R2A including a positive type resist film for KrF excimer lasers ranges between 111.3 and 1.5. Consequently, lateral etching of the organic polymer film pattern27A is carried out, and an undercut27B is formed.

When the width of the resist pattern R2A is 90 nm, and the width of the organic polymer film pattern27A is 50 nm, the depth of the undercut27B is about 20 nm on both sides of the pattern27A.

Further, atFIG. 6Gof the process, a Ta film33a, a Au film33b, and a Ta film33care deposited in thicknesses of 5 nm, 30 nm, and 5 nm, respectively, one by one by a sputtering method using the lift-off mask pattern40including the polymer film organic pattern27A and the resist pattern R2A as a mask, and thereby forming a reading electrode layer33including the Ta/Au/Ta laminate. Reading electrode patterns33A and33B including the Ta/Au/Ta laminate are formed on the hard bias patterns16A and16B, respectively, on both sides of the lift-off pattern40, while forming the reading electrode layer33.

InFIG. 6Gof the process, the organic polymer film pattern27A is formed with an 80 nm thickness corresponding to the antireflection film27, and the undercut section27B is respectively formed in 20 nm thickness on both sides of the organic polymer film pattern27A. Accordingly, the reading electrodes33A and33B, when formed, are disassociated from the electrode layer33deposited on the resist pattern R2A by a step part formed by the resist pattern R2A.

Further, as is shown inFIG. 6G, since the tip section of the reading electrode patterns33A and33B advance into the undercut section27B near the organic polymer film pattern27A on the upper surface of the magnetoresistance element15, the effective core width G described previously in reference toFIG. 3can be reduced to about 250 nm.

Next, atFIG. 6Hof the process, the resist pattern R2A is removed using acetone, and simultaneously, the electrode layer33deposited on the resist pattern R2A is removed. Further, an organic polymer film pattern27A is removed using NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone).

Then, a NiFe alloy layer34(refer toFIG. 1) that constitutes an upper magnetic shield layer and a lower magnetic pole layer is formed by the conventional electrolytic plating method through the gap spacer layer including Al2O3, and the writing gap layer including AlO3.

Subsequently, the first layer insulation film including a resist film is formed, on which a Cu layer is further formed by the electrolytic plating method in a horizontal spiral pattern form, and a writing coil35(refer toFIG. 1) is formed. Further, an electrode36is formed on both ends of the writing coil35, which is then covered by a resist film, and a second layer insulation film is formed.

Further, a plating base layer including a Ti film is prepared on the second layer insulation film, on which a resist mask is formed. Using the resist mask as a plating frame, electrolytic plating of a NiFe film is selectively carried out on the second layer insulation film, and an upper magnetic pole layer37and a writing magnetic pole38of the tip section are formed.

Subsequently, the resist mask is removed, and then, the exposed section of the plating base layer is removed by carrying out ion milling using Ar ion. Then, an Al2O3protective coat is formed on the surface. Then, the resulting substrate is diced, and the magnetic-head slider that integrates the reading head containing the magnetoresistance effect element15, and the inductive type thin film magnetic head for writing is obtained.

As described above, according to this embodiment, a series of dry etching is carried out for patterning and slimming the lift-off pattern, and forming the lower undercut. In accordance with such a simple process, the magnetoresistance sensor that has a minute core width beyond the lithography limit can be manufactured with sufficient yield and sufficient precision.

In addition, the etching gas used in the dry etching process in the afore described embodiment is not limited to oxygen gas. It is also possible to use other gases that contain oxygen, such as CO, CO2, NO, etc. that can generate oxygen plasma. Moreover, it is also possible to mix a nitrogen gas and Ar gas in the gas containing oxygen.

Further, the isotropic dry etching process ofFIG. 6Fis not limited to oxygen plasma processing, as an ozone process can alternatively be used. For example, the ozone process can be used for isotropic dry etching the resist pattern R2A and the antireflection film27A, wherein an oxygen gas is provided to the processing chamber under a non-bias condition, and ozone is generated by irradiating an excimer light whose wavelength is 172 nm.

Further, the ozone process can employ a wet process. For example, the substrate in which the pattern for lift-off is formed can be soaked in ozone water. In this case, etching with higher isotropic characteristics is obtained.

FIGS. 7A and 7Billustrate part of a manufacturing process of a magnetic head according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As regards items previously described, the same reference numbers are given, and description thereof is omitted.

In this embodiment, processes ofFIGS. 6A through 6Care performed, and the structure ofFIG. 7Ais acquired at the process ofFIG. 6D. That is, the process ofFIG. 7Ais equivalent to the process ofFIG. 6D.

According to this embodiment, the anisotropy dry etching process ofFIG. 6Eis skipped after the process ofFIG. 7A, and the process ofFIG. 7Bcorresponding to the isotropic dry etching process ofFIG. 6Fis performed. However, in this embodiment, the resist film R2, and accordingly the resist pattern R2A, are formed by a commercially available Si content positive type resist for i-wire (brand name STPI-050 of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) in a thickness of 460 nm, and the antireflection film27is formed in a 160 nm thickness by an ARC-XL20 film made by Brewery Science, Inc. Here, the ARC-XL20 film is of the polyimide system, and is insoluble to resist developing solution, such as TMAH solution, after a baking process.

With reference toFIG. 7B, dry etching in this embodiment is performed in the ICP type dry etching equipment like the previous embodiment, however, CHF3gas and oxygen gas are introduced at a flow rate of 5SCCM and 25SCCM, respectively, to the processing chamber as etching gases. By supplying a 13.56 MHz RF to the RF coil at a power of 50 W under a pressure of 1 Pa, fluorine radical F* and CF radical CF* are formed in the processing chamber in addition to oxygen radical O*.

In this case, according to this embodiment, RF power is not provided to the substrate holding stand. Anisotropy etching is performed on the antireflection film27by the various radicals in the processing chamber. By carrying out this isotropic etching for 7 minutes, for example, patterning of the antireflection film27is carried out according to the resist pattern R2A, and the organic polymer film pattern27A is formed directly under the resist pattern R2A. Simultaneously, the resist pattern R2A and the formed organic polymer film pattern are also subjected to lateral etching, and the sizes thereof are reduced.

When the Si content resist was used as the resist film R2, and the ARC-XL20 film was used as the antireflection film27, it was found that the etching speed ratio between the resist pattern R2A and the organic polymer film27A became about 1:2, and that when the resist pattern R2A was slimmed, the undercut27B was simultaneously formed at the polymer organic film27A.

For example, when the width of the resist pattern R2A was 110 nm in this embodiment, the length of the undercut27B on both sides of the organic polymer film pattern27A was about 30 nm. Consequently, the organic film pattern27A was carried out such that the width was about 50 nm. Accordingly, the overlaid type magnetism sensor of this embodiment has a core width of about 50 nm.

In addition, according to this embodiment, when the depth of the undercut27B runs short on both sides of the organic polymer film pattern27A, the required undercut depth can be obtained by carrying out lateral etching only of the organic polymer film pattern27A by a dry etching process containing oxygen after the slimming process ofFIG. 7B. Moreover, this additional etching process need not be limited to the plasma processing process using oxygen gas, and a process in ozone atmosphere can be used, where, for example, ozone is generated by irradiating the excimer light whose wavelength is 172 nm into oxygen atmosphere. Further, immersing in ozone water also provides the desired result.

In addition, the dry etching process ofFIG. 7Baccording to this embodiment is not limited to using the CHF3gas and oxygen gas, and other gases can be used, such as other fluorocarbon gases, such as CF4, and other oxygen content gases, such as CO, and CO2, and NO. Further, it is also possible to mix nitrogen gas and Ar gas in these etching gases.

The isotropic etching process ofFIG. 7Bcan also be carried out using an ozone process like the previous embodiment. For example, the isotropic dry etching of the resist pattern R2A and the antireflection film27A is carried out by the ozone that is generated by irradiating the excimer light whose wavelength is 172 nm to oxygen gas in the processing chamber under the non-bias condition.

Further, a wet process can be used as the ozone process. For example, the substrate on which the pattern for lift-off is formed is immersed in ozone water. In this case, a higher isotropic etching is available.

The inventor of the present invention produced a magnetic sensor50having an optical core width G of 70 nm or less in experiments concerning the third embodiment of the present invention, the structure of which is shown inFIG. 8.

Especially, in this experiment, the taper angle θ of the tip sections of the electrodes33A and33B was changed by changing the thickness of the antireflection film27, and the depth of the undercut27B. The optical core width G of 70 nm corresponds to a recording density of 100 Gbit/inch2or more.

For example, at the process corresponding toFIG. 6B, patterning of the magnetoresistance element15was carried out at a width of 300 nm. Further, at the process corresponding toFIG. 6C, the ARC-XL20 film was formed in a thickness of 80 nm as the antireflection film27, on which the Si content resist film STPI-050 was formed in a thickness of 460 nm as the resist film R2. In this case, the resist pattern R2A whose initial width was 250 nm was slimmed to a width of 170 nm, and the undercut27B with a depth of 60 nm was formed on both sides of the organic polymer film pattern27A as shown inFIG. 7B.

To this structure, a Ta film33a, an Au film33b, and a Ta film33c, thickness being 5 nm, 30 nm, and 5 nm, respectively, were laminated one by one as at the process ofFIG. 6G. In this case, the tip angle θ of the obtained electrode patterns33A and33B was 28 degrees, and the optical core width G in this case was 65 nm.

Then, a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus was produced using a magnetic sensor having various optical core widths G and tip angles θ, and a reading property of the head was measured. It was found that Barkhausen noise occurred when the tip angle θ was 80 degrees and the optical core width G was 65 nm. In contrast, when the tip angle θ was 28 degrees, with the same optical core width G, Barkhausen noise was suppressed.

Specifically, in the magnetic sensor, the optical core width G of which is 70 nm or less, it was found out that Barkhausen noise can be effectively suppressed by setting the tip angle θ at 40 degrees or less, or more preferably, 30 degrees or less.

However, if the tip angle θ is set too small, terminal resistance of the electrodes33A and33B increases. For this reason, the tip angle θ is desirably set greater than 10 degrees.

In this manner, the optical core width G (cf.FIG. 8), and the tip angle θ of the electrodes33A and33B of the magnetic sensor50, according to this embodiment, are set at 70 nm or less, and 40 degrees or less, respectively, and a magnetic head (cf.FIG. 1) capable of reading a signal, with suppressed noise, corresponding to the recording density of 100 Gbit/inch2or greater is obtained.

FIG. 9Ashows the internal structure of a magnetic recording apparatus100according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. On the left-hand side ofFIG. 9A, the magnetic recording apparatus100having an upper cover removed is shown. On the right-hand side, structure of a magnetic disk assembly110of multi-stage structure is shown, which includes magnetic disks111, and an arm assembly112that collaborates with the magnetic disks111.

With reference toFIG. 9A, each of the magnetic disks111is fixed to a hub111athat is driven by a motor that is not shown. The arm assembly112includes an arm112bthat is supported pivotally by a rotating axis112a, and a magnetic head112cprepared on a free end of the arm112b. Further, a coil112dthat is a part of a voice-coil motor113is wound around another free end, which is opposite to the free end that supports the magnetic-head112con the arm112b, and in parallel with the scan layer of the arm112b. Further, magnets113aand113bthat constitute other portions of the voice-coil motor113are prepared on the upper and lower sides of the coil112d. By exciting the coil112d, the arm112is freely rotated around the rotating axis112a. The voice-coil motor113is servo-controlled such that the magnetic head112csupported by the arm112bfollows a cylinder or track111bof the magnetic disk111.

FIG. 9Bis a perspective diagram showing the internal structure of the magnetic disk unit ofFIG. 9A.

With reference toFIG. 9B, the magnetic disk assembly100includes a plurality of magnetic disks1111,1112, and so on, that are commonly held to the hub111athat rotates. Corresponding to the magnetic disks, the arm assembly112also consists of a plurality of arms. The arms112bare held by a common rotational movement unit112e, which is rotation free around the rotating axis112a, and moves rotationally according to rotational movement of the rotational movement unit112e. Here, rotation of112eis produced corresponding to excitation of the voice-coil motor113. Further, the whole magnetic disk unit is stored in a cabinet100A that is hermetically sealed.

In the present invention, reproduction of a very high density magnetic recording is attained by using the magnetic sensor as described in the first through the third embodiments as a reading head of the magnetic head112c.

Further, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

For example, as the resist film R2, a Si content resist described in the Japanese Provisional-Publication-No. H11-130860 can be used. In this case, an etching speed ratio to the organic polymer in the isotropic etching process using oxygen plasma can be increased to 1:2 or greater.

Moreover, the resist film R2is not restricted to an ultraviolet-ray resist, and an electron ray resist can also be used. In this case, a KrF excimer laser may be used for exposure, such that electron ray exposure is used.

Moreover, the magnetoresistance effect element15need not be limited to what uses a spin valve film, and the element using other giant magnetoresistance effects, such as a superstructure film, can be used, or alternatively, the usual magnetoresistance effect element may be used.

Moreover, the present invention is described with respect to a manufacturing process of a compounded type thin film magnetic head, however, the same is also applicable to a manufacturing process of a magnetic head that includes a reproducing head.

Moreover, although the present invention has been described with respect to a manufacturing process of a magnetic head as an example, the present invention is not limited to a manufacturing process of the magnetic head, but is also applicable to other manufacturing processes for forming a pattern for lift-off consisting of a miniaturized isolated pattern. For example, the present invention is applicable to forming an isolated line pattern prepared on a channel domain for forming a source drain electrode of TFT in a high precision LCD.

As mentioned above, although the present invention was described with respect to one or more desirable embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the present invention.