Sports helmet having modular components

Disclosed herein are sports helmets having modular components. A modular component includes an eyewear adapter that is releasably attachable to the helmet and configured to interface with corresponding eyewear in an orientation that permits a wearer of the helmet to see through the eyewear. The eyewear adapter is configured such that, in use, the eyewear adapter enhances the fit or function of the eyewear relative to the use of the helmet and the eyewear without the eyewear adapter. A modular component includes electronics modules that can be mechanically and electrically coupled to the helmet. A modular component includes other functional modules that affect the aerodynamics of the helmet, the air flow of the helmet, the fit of the helmet, or the look of the helmet.

BACKGROUND

Field

The disclosure relates generally to protective sports helmets, and more particularly to protective sports helmets having attachable modular components that can add or modify aesthetic and functional aspects of the helmet.

Description of Related Art

A physical impact to the head of a person may cause serious injury or death. To reduce the probability of such consequences, protective gear, such as a helmet, is often used in activities that are associated with an increased level of risk for a head injury. In particular, there are a wide range of non-motorized sports and activities that require or benefit from the use of a helmet. Examples of such activities include, but are not limited to, cycling, mountain biking, skiing, snowboarding, sledding, ice skating, rollerblading, rock climbing, skate boarding, surfing, skydiving, football, baseball, lacrosse, hockey, and kayaking In general, a helmet is designed to absorb and/or distribute the force of an impact to reduce ill effects on the head of a wearer.

SUMMARY

Example embodiments described herein have several features, no single one of which is indispensable or solely responsible for their desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the claims, some of the advantageous features will now be summarized.

In a first aspect, an eyewear adapter is provided that includes a brim that is releasably attachable to a helmet and configured to interface with corresponding eyewear in an orientation that permits a wearer of the helmet to see through the eyewear, wherein the eyewear adapter is configured such that, in use, the eyewear adapter enhances the fit or function of the eyewear to provide, in the combination of the helmet and eyewear, one or any combination of more than one functional advantage selected from the group consisting of improved air flow across or through portions of the helmet and eyewear; improved aerodynamics of the helmet; improved sweat control; and improved fit; wherein the one or more than one functional advantage comprises an improvement compared to the use of the helmet and the eyewear without the eyewear adapter.

In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim releasably attaches to a base portion of the helmet, the base portion comprising a shell and an inner layer coupled to the shell, the base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter is further configured to releasably attach to the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter is further configured to be adjustable to position the eyewear adapter relative to the helmet and the eyewear to account for anatomical variations between different wearers. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear comprises goggles. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim comprises a first portion comprising a rigid material and a second portion attached to the first portion, the second portion comprising a flexible material, wherein, in use, the second portion of the brim is adjacent to a top portion of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim is configured to direct air downward toward an inner surface of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim is configured to extend outward beyond an outer surface of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim is configured to cover one or more openings on a front portion of the helmet.

In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to attach the helmet to the eyewear, the brim configured to attach to the corresponding eyewear in an orientation that permits a wearer of the helmet to see through the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the one or any combination of more than one functional advantage consists additionally of improved securing of the eyewear to or on or in the helmet. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim releasably attaches to a base portion of the helmet, the base portion comprising a shell and an inner layer coupled to the shell, the base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter is further configured to be adjustable to position the eyewear relative to the helmet to account for anatomical variations between different wearers. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear comprises goggles. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim comprises a first portion comprising a rigid material and a second portion attached to the first portion, the second portion comprising a flexible material, wherein, in use, the second portion of the brim is adjacent to a top portion of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim is configured to direct air downward toward an inner surface of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim is configured to extend outward beyond an outer surface of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the brim is configured to cover one or more openings on a front portion of the helmet. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter is secured to the helmet to allow the eyewear adapter to be adjusted by sliding the eyewear adapter relative to the base portion.

In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter is in contact with the corresponding eyewear along the contour of the eyewear adapter. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the eyewear adapter includes additional venting ports configured to provide, in use, venting between the corresponding eyewear and the base portion.

In a second aspect, a modular helmet system is provided that includes a base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact, the base portion comprising a shell and an inner layer coupled to the shell, an eyewear adapter comprising a contour that substantially matches a contour of corresponding eyewear, wherein the eyewear adapter is configured to be secured to the base portion of the helmet system such that, in use, the contour of the eyewear adapter forms a gap of less than or equal to about 0.5 inches from a top portion of the corresponding eyewear.

In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to be vertically adjusted relative to the base portion. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is secured to the base portion of the modular helmet system to allow the eyewear adapter to rotate about a pivot point. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is secured to the base portion of the modular helmet system to allow the eyewear adapter to be adjusted by sliding the eyewear adapter relative to the base portion. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter comprising a forward biasing element configured to apply a force away from the base portion toward the corresponding eyewear. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter comprising a rearward biasing element configured to apply a force toward the base portion away from the corresponding eyewear. In some embodiments of the second aspect, a range of motion of the eyewear adapter is configured to be limited so that, in use, the eyewear adapter does not cross a line of sight of a wearer. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is a non-optical component. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is opaque. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is in contact with the corresponding eyewear along the contour of the eyewear adapter. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter includes additional venting ports configured to provide, in use, venting between the corresponding eyewear and the base portion. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter includes a mount for a camera. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to be secured to the base portion of the modular helmet system such that, in use, the eyewear adapter and the corresponding eyewear form a substantially smooth profile. In some embodiments of the second aspect, a curvature of the eyewear adapter is within a tolerance of a curvature of the base portion. In a further embodiment, a curvature of the eyewear adapter is within a tolerance of a curvature of the corresponding eyewear. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to automatically adjust its position in use to maintain the contour of the eyewear adapter less than about 0.5 inches from the top portion of the corresponding eyewear. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to automatically adjust its position in use to maintain the contour of the eyewear adapter in contact with the top portion of the corresponding eyewear. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the corresponding eyewear comprises goggles.

In a third aspect, a helmet is provided that includes a base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact, the base portion comprising a shell having one or more module attachment points comprising a mechanical connection and a wired connection; an inner layer coupled to the shell; and an electrical layer coupled to the shell or the inner layer, the electrical layer comprising electrical conductors configured to conduct electrical power to the wired connections of the one or more module attachment points on the shell. Individual wired connections are configured to provide a wired electrical connection with an electrical module attached to the helmet at an attachment point, and the wired connections are at least one of a port and connector.

In some embodiments of the third aspect, individual mechanical connections are configured to interface with corresponding mechanical features of an electrical module to secure the electrical module to the base portion. In some embodiments of the third aspect, the base portion further comprises a reinforcement structure. In some embodiments of the third aspect, the reinforcement structure includes the electrical layer such that the electrical conductors form part of the reinforcement structure. In some embodiments of the third aspect, the reinforcement structure is at least partially contained within the inner layer. In some embodiments of the third aspect, included are one or more batteries electrically coupled to the reinforcement structure to provide electrical power to the electrical conductors. In some embodiments of the third aspect, the electrical module comprises at least one of a safety light, forward-facing illumination, GPS, computer processor, a microphone, a speaker, a sensor, eyewear, a camera, or a heads-up display.

In a fourth aspect, a helmet is provided that is configured to removably attach to eyewear, the helmet including a base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact, the base portion comprising a shell and an inner layer coupled to the shell, and an eyewear adapter configured to attach eyewear to the base portion of the helmet within the field of view of the wearer of the eyewear and helmet such that the helmet and the eyewear can be positioned on the wearer's head at the same time and the user can see through the eyewear.

In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to removably attach to partial or complete earstems of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the eyewear adapter is configured to removably attach to orbitals of the eyewear. In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the eyewear adapter comprises a plurality of struts that are each configured to attach to a corresponding earstem of the eyewear.

In a fifth aspect, a modular sports helmet is provided having one or more modules releasably attached thereto, the modular sports helmet including a base portion comprising a shell and an inner layer coupled to the shell, the base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact; a helmet module configured to releasably attach to the base portion, wherein the helmet module is configured such that, in use, the helmet module enhances the fit, aesthetic, or function of the modular sports helmet to provide, in the combination of the modular sports helmet and helmet module, one or any combination of more than one functional advantage selected from the group consisting of improved air flow across or through portions of the modular sports helmet; improved aerodynamics of the helmet; improved sweat control; improved fit; improved integration of eyewear with the modular sports helmet; improved aesthetic appearance; and improved shock absorption, wherein the one or more than one functional advantage comprises an improvement compared to the use of the helmet without the helmet module.

In some embodiments of the fifth aspect, the one or more modules includes a strap guide, a decorative plate, modules that provide selective venting, shock absorbing layers, or ear pieces.

In a sixth aspect, a helmet is provided that includes a base portion comprising a shell and an inner layer coupled to the shell, the base portion configured to absorb or distribute force from an impact; an internal gutter coupled to the base portion and comprising an outer leg, an inner leg shorter than the outer leg, and a channel between the outer leg and the inner leg, the internal gutter configured to direct liquid away from a face of the wearer; a fit system comprising a flexible elongate structure having a portion that is positioned within the internal gutter, the fit system, in use, configured to secure the base portion to a head of a wearer by adjusting the flexible elongate structure; and pull at least a portion of the inner leg of the internal gutter against the head of the wearer.

In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the internal gutter comprises a deformable material. In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the fit system comprises a reel that is configured to adjust the length of the flexible elongate structure. In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the base portion comprises a jog positioned above the internal gutter so that, in use, liquid drips from the jog into the internal gutter. In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the internal gutter comprises a deformable structure that forms a channel configured to direct liquid away from a face of the wearer. In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the internal gutter is removable from the helmet. In some embodiments of the sixth aspect, the internal gutter is configured to attach to the inner layer. In a further embodiment, the inner layer comprises a low friction layer configured to translate or rotate with respect to the shell.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Helmets for use in athletic, non-motorized activities are generally designed to protect the wearer's head by absorbing and/or distributing energy during an impact with a surface, such as the ground. Helmets can include a shell and cushioning made from materials configured to attenuate forces from impact such as an exterior shell of plastic and an inner layer of padding and/or foam, wherein the impact-attenuating materials cover and contact a significant extent of the wearer's head. Helmets may also include internal reinforcement structures that may be part of the shell and/or inner layer. Such helmets may be unitary in design and/or construction such that the exterior shell and/or inner layer provide continuous coverage (allowing for discontinuities in portions of the exterior shell and/or inner layer for, e.g., ventilation or aesthetic elements) over the area of the wearer's head that the helmet is designed to protect.

It may be desirable, however, to utilize a single helmet for different activities that would benefit from different functional features. It may also be desirable to extend the range of functionality or features a helmet provides depending on the circumstances of use. For example, a helmet may be designed to be complementary with particular eyewear. If the user then changes eyewear, the change may result in an unsatisfactory outcome for the wearer due to incompatibilities between the helmet and eyewear. As another example, a helmet that is designed to keep a wearer warm may be too hot during other times, such as when a skier is ascending a slope. This may cause the user to take the helmet off exposing the user to an increased risk of injury. As another example, a user may desire to utilize certain advances in technology or design into the user's helmet. Typical helmets may be unable to incorporate such advances, requiring the user to acquire a new helmet.

Accordingly, disclosed herein are sports helmets that generally include a base portion and an eyewear adapter. The eyewear adapter is configured to interface with corresponding eyewear to integrate the eyewear into the helmet. The eyewear adapter can be configured to enhance the functionality of the combination of the eyewear and the helmet relative to the functionality of each individually. For example, the eyewear adapter can provide improved air flow through portions of the helmet and/or eyewear to improve cooling of the wearer. For example, the eyewear adapter can provide improved aerodynamic properties to the combination of the helmet and eyewear. For example, the eyewear adapter can provide a mechanical interface for stowing the eyewear out of the field of vision of the wearer. The eyewear adapter can be a brim that attaches to the base portion. The eyewear adapter may also attach or at least be in contact with the eyewear when the eyewear adapter and eyewear are in use with the helmet.

Also disclosed herein are sports helmets that include an electrical system and physical and electrical adapters. The physical and electrical adapters can be configured to receive modules or components that physically attach to the helmet and that electrically couple to the electrical system of the helmet. For example, the electrical system of the helmet can be configured to include wires that electrically couple the electrical adapters to each other and/or to a source of electrical power. A user may physically attach a helmet module to the physical adapter, and by so doing, create electrical contact between the helmet module and the electrical system through the corresponding electrical adapter. The attached helmet modules can be configured to receive power through one or more batteries coupled to the electrical system. The attached helmet modules can be configured to transmit electrical signals to each other and/or to a control system of the helmet through the electrical system.

In certain embodiments, the base portion is configured to receive one or more modules or panels that physically attach to the base portion to provide additional features to the helmet. In various implementations, the eyewear adapter can be a module that releasably attaches to the base portion. The attachable modules can be configured to provide or enhance mechanical features (e.g., impact protection, ventilation, insulation, aerodynamics, etc.), aesthetic features (e.g., decorations, desired look and feel, etc.), and/or electronic features (e.g., lights, audio, communication, etc.) of the helmet. The attachable modules can be configured to attach to the base portion and/or to each other. Thus, the user can configure the modular helmet to achieve one or more selected, desired, or targeted characteristics. In addition, the user can modify the configuration of the helmet (e.g., by adding, changing, or removing modules) to achieve benefits based on evolving desires of the user and/or changing circumstances. This can allow the helmet to be modified by the wearer to modify the helmet for use in a variety of different activities.

As used herein, the term module may refer to any physical component or device that releasably attaches to the helmets described herein. These modules may provide functional features, aesthetic features, or a combination of functional and aesthetic features to the helmet. In stating that the modules releasably attach to the helmet, it is to be understood that the modules are designed for repeated installation and removal from the helmet. In particular, a module is configured so that it generally receives little or no damage during a routine installation or removal. Installation and/or removal may be accomplished using no tools (e.g., using a friction-fit or interference fit interface). Installation and/or removal may be accomplished using common, household tools (e.g., a screwdriver and/or wrench). For example, a wearer can add and remove modules from a helmet using non-specialized tools. Installation and/or removal may be accomplished using a specialized tool that is configured specifically or specially for the module and/or helmet. The specialized tool can be provided with the helmet and/or module and may be keyed to the particular helmet or module. A module may include physical features that are configured to interface with corresponding features on the helmet to provide for attachment. The physical features may be a physical port that allows the module to physically couple to the helmet. A module may include electrical connectors that are configured to electrically couple to corresponding electrical connectors on the helmet to provide for electrical connection between the module and the helmet. In certain implementations, the physical features may be combined with the electrical connectors so that the same port or connection point can provide physical and electrical connection between the module and the helmet.

As used herein, the term modularity or modular may refer to the ability of a helmet to receive one or more modules. The modular helmets described herein can be configured to physically and/or electrically couple with a module so that the module extends the capabilities or otherwise alters the helmet in some way. Modularity of the helmet may be used to adapt the helmet for different activities. Modularity of the helmet may be used to extend or enhance the functionality of the helmet. Modularity of the helmet may be used to customize the aesthetic appearance of the helmet. Modules can be designed for a user or consumer to replace modules on the helmet with alternative modules that provide different functionality or aesthetics and/or that provide new generations of features.

As a particular example of a modular helmet, the modular helmet can be configured to mate with an eyewear adapter module. The eyewear adapter module can be interchangeable with other eyewear adapter modules. This can allow a user to select an appropriate eyewear adapter module for use with particular eyewear. The eyewear adapter modules can also be configured to be positioned or adjusted after being attached to the base portion to account for differences between facial or cranial geometries. For example, particular eyewear may be positioned differently on different users due at least in part to variations in preferences of the users, variations in their faces, etc. A compatible or complementary eyewear adapter module can be configured to be positioned to account for such differences so that the eyewear adapter module and eyewear interface satisfactorily on different users.

The base portion of the helmet can be configured to provide protective coverage for the user with the option of extending the functionality and/or protection of the helmet with the addition of a variety of modules. In some embodiments, the helmets include a base portion that satisfies one or more safety standards without the use of any additional modules.

The present disclosure generally describes a sports helmet. In certain implementations, the helmet can receive one or more modules or panels to extend or enhance capabilities or features of the helmet. In various implementations, the features and components described herein can be integrated into the helmet without the use of modules. Although some examples described herein are for a helmet for use while cycling, skiing, snowboarding, or participating in other similar sports, it is to be understood that the disclosed sports helmets can be used in conjunction with other athletic activities. For example, the disclosed helmets may be used in non-motorized activities to protect a user's head from possible impact trauma including, for example and without limitation, mountain biking, sledding, ice skating, rollerblading, rock climbing, skate boarding, surfing, skydiving, football, baseball, lacrosse, hockey, and kayaking. Accordingly, the disclosed helmets can be used in non-motorized activities where it is desirable or suitable to use a head-protective apparatus that at least partially surrounds the user's head.

Configuration of a Sports Helmet Having Modular Components

FIG. 1illustrates a flow chart of configuring a sports helmet100to be suitable for a number of different activities using modular components. The helmet100includes a base portion105that can be configured to receive one or more modules that alter the functionality and/or aesthetics of the helmet. These modules can be electronics modules120, functional add-ons130, eyewear integration modules140, and/or anatomical adjustment modules150. A particular module may fit within one or more of these categories of modules, thus it is to be understood that the described modules are not intended to be mutually exclusive but are used to facilitate description of the cross-functionality of the helmets described herein.

The base portion105of the helmet100can be configured to include one or more layers or components that together provide the core functionality of the helmet. The base portion105can include an inner layer (e.g., foam padding), a reinforcement structure, an exterior shell, and/or an electrical system. The inner layer can include, for example, a low friction layer such as a multi-directional impact protection system (MIPS™) provided by MIPS AB at Kalltorpsvagen 2, SE-183 71 Taby Sweden, the low friction layer configured to provide a material that allows for movement of the inner layer relative to the exterior shell to reduce rotational forces on the head of the wearer that may be caused by certain impacts. An example of a low friction layer in a helmet is provided in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2013/0042397, entitled “Helmet,” published Feb. 21, 2013, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. The base portion105of the helmet can be designed for single impact use or multi-impact use. The base portion105can include layers that are made of expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam and/or expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.

The base portion105can include one or more mechanical attachment points that are configured to couple to the modules described herein. In some embodiments, the mechanical attachment points can also be configured to include electrical contacts to interface electrically with electronics modules120. In this way, the same attachment point can provide mechanical and electrical connections for modules. The base portion105can include a power source (e.g., a battery). The power source can be configured to provide electrical power to the electrical contacts so that connected modules can be powered by a battery that is in a different location on the helmet. This can aid in reducing the size and weight of the electronics modules120configured for use with the helmet100.

The electronics modules120can be configured to provide a variety of electrical capabilities. The electronics modules120can be physically and electrically coupled to the base portion through physical and electrical ports on or in the helmet100. The electronics modules120can receive power through the base portion105or may provide their own power. The electronics modules120can be configured to communicate with a control system on the helmet100or with one another through an electrical system of the helmet100. Examples of the electronics modules120are described herein with respect toFIGS. 2 and 3.

The functional add-ons130include modules that alter the functionality of the helmet. Examples of such modules include, for example and without limitation, face masks, strap clips, air vents, ear pads, shock absorbing layers, decorative plates, etc. Further examples are described herein with reference toFIG. 38.

The eyewear integration modules140can be configured to integrate eyewear with the helmet100. Eyewear integration modules140include features, such as a brim, that can be configured to attach to the base portion105and that are configured to interface with the eyewear to improve air flow through portions of the helmet and/or eyewear, to improve aerodynamic properties of the helmet with the eyewear, and/or to provide a targeted aesthetic to the helmet with the eyewear. Examples of eyewear integration modules140are described in greater detail herein with respect toFIGS. 4A-10, and 12-36. As described herein, the eyewear integration modules140can include a brim. The eyewear can be, for example and without limitation, goggles, glasses, sunglasses, visors, eyewear with a single lens (e.g., a unitary lens), eyewear with dual lenses, eyewear with partial orbitals, eyewear without orbitals, eyewear with earstems, eyewear with partial earstems, eyewear without earstems, and the like.

The anatomical adjustments150include components that alter the fit of the helmet and/or position of the eyewear integration modules140or the eyewear. The anatomical adjustments150include, for example, a fit system comprising a mechanical reel and lace that adjusts an inner diameter of the helmet to fit onto a wearer. The anatomical adjustments150include, for example, eyewear adjustments that adjust the position of the eyewear with respect to the base portion105to account for differences in anatomical structure between users. The anatomical adjustments150include, for example, eyewear adapter adjustments that adjust the position of the eyewear adapter with respect to the base portion105to account for differences in anatomical structure between users. This can be used, for example, to close or reduce a gap between eyewear and the helmet100.

One or more of the modules described herein can provide air management functionality to the helmet. For example, the functional add-ons130and/or eyewear integration140can be configured to improve aerodynamics of the helmet100. These modules may also be configured to provide venting through portions of the helmet100and/or eyewear. These modules may also be configured to block venting through portions of the helmet100and/or eyewear. In some embodiments, the modules can be configured to selectively block or allow venting. These modules may also be configured to provide anti-fog capabilities for the eyewear (e.g., by directing air flow between the eyewear and the user). These modules may be configured to provide temperature and/or moisture management.

One or more of the modules described herein can provide mechanisms to adjust the fit of the helmet100. The modules can provide for different fields of view to the wearer. This may be beneficial where the user desires a wide field of view while participating in certain activities and a narrower field of view while participating in other activities. One or more of the modules described herein can be configured to increase the protection provided by the helmet100.

Sports Helmet with Integrated Electrical Capabilities

FIG. 2illustrates a sports helmet200configured to provide integration of electronic components using modular components. The helmet includes an inner layer205with a reinforcement structure210within the inner layer. The reinforcement structure210forms a conduit in which electrical wires215are situated. At various points in the inner layer205and reinforcement structure210, the electrical wires215are electrically coupled to electrical connectors that provide electrical contacts at connection points on the helmet200. It is to be understood that although the electrical wires215and the reinforcement structure210is illustrated as being within the inner layer205, they may be located within any layer of the sports helmet such as the exterior shell. In some embodiments, the electrical wires215are embedded within the inner layer205or the exterior shell without the reinforcement structure210. In some embodiments, the electrical wires215are within a separate, electrical layer to form the electrical system of the helmet200.

The reinforcement structure210of the helmet200includes electrical connections that allow data and power to be transmitted over the electrical wires215to different parts of the reinforcement structure210. The reinforcement structure210is configured to increase the strength of the helmet200. In certain implementations, the reinforcement structure210is molded into the inner layer205. The reinforcement structure210can be a structure of flexible linear material. In some embodiments, the reinforcement structure210includes a structure of composite material, preferably having unidirectional fiber orientation. In certain embodiments, the reinforcement structure210is a hand-laid filament. However, the arrangement of the filament can be produced using other suitable mechanisms, such as an automated lay-up process. In some embodiments, the filament includes Kevlar with an epoxy resin. In various embodiments, the filament can include carbon, fiberglass or a combination of one of these materials. For example, in some embodiments the filament can include Kevlar and carbon. In certain embodiments, the filament can include Kevlar, carbon and fiberglass. Other suitable filament materials can also be used. In some embodiments, the filament has a flexible unidirectional fiber orientation, allowing a frame to be formed by shaping a unitary filament into a desired layout structure. However, the reinforcement frame can include other suitable configurations, such as a rigid or semi-rigid frame. Other examples of reinforcement structures are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,698,750, entitled “Bicycle helmet with reinforcement structure,” issued Apr. 20, 2010, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,069,601, entitled “Head protection system and method,” issued Jul. 4, 2006, the entirety of each of which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

In some embodiments, the electrical wires215form connection points within the helmet200. At each connection point, the helmet200may include a module or integrated electronic component. For example, the helmet200can include a battery, sensors, data processing system, a system controller, data storage, etc. Electrical modules that connect to the electrical system formed by the wires215can include, for example and without limitation, a safety light, an illuminating light, a GPS, a processor, a microphone, a speaker, an earphone, a heads-up display, and the like.

FIG. 3illustrates a block diagram of an example electronic system300of a sports helmet having modular components380. The electronic system300can include a headworn wearable unit, such as the helmet unit310, with one or more systems such as a processing system320, a signal conversion system330, a sensor system340(ambient or environmental, motion, biometric, and/or physiological), an input/output (I/O) system350, a user interface system360, and a power system370. The system300can also include one or more modular units380which can be removably coupled to the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, one or more of the modular units380can function as source devices and provide signal sources for the system300. In some embodiments, the one or more modular units380can be removably coupled to and/or carried by the helmet unit310. This can advantageously provide a more compact and combined form factor for the user and reduce the number of detached components. This can be beneficial when the user does not have sufficient storage or carrying space, such as pockets, to hold detached components.

Each of the modular units380can include one or more systems. For example, the modular units380can include one or more systems such as a processing system381, a signal conversion system382, a sensor system383, an input/output (I/O) system384, a user interface system385and a power system386. Processing system381, signal conversion system382, sensor system383, input/output (I/O) system384, user interface system385and/or power system386can include the same or similar components to those discussed in connection with processing system320, signal conversion system330, sensor system340, input/output (I/O) system350, user interface system360, and/or power system370.

The modular units380can include a forward facing camera, a solar cell, a GPS antenna, GPS, microphone, speaker, battery, data processing system, a sensor, eyewear, and the like. The modular units380can acquire data and transmit this data to other modular units380either wirelessly or through a wired connection that connects through the helmet unit310.

In some embodiments, a modular unit380can include eyewear with electronics integration similar to the electronics integration described herein with respect to the helmet unit310. The helmet unit310can be configured to communicate with the eyewear modular unit380.

In some embodiments, a remote unit390can include eyewear with electronics integration similar to the electronics integration described herein with respect to the helmet unit310. The helmet unit310can be configured to communicate with the eyewear remote unit390.

Each system can be in communication, wired and/or wirelessly, with one or more other systems. In some embodiments, some or all communications between systems can be two-way communication such that a first system may transmit data to and receive data from a second system. For example, two-way communications may be established between the processing system320and the signal conversion system330. The processing system320may transmit data to a speaker of the signal conversion system330and receive data from a microphone of the signal conversion system330. In some embodiments, some or all communications between systems can be one-way communications such that a first system may transfer data to a second system whereas the second system does not transfer data to the first system. For example, the user interface system360may transmit data to the processing system320and the processing system320may not transmit data to the user interface system360. It should be understood that one or two-way communication can be maintained between any systems described herein. Moreover, it should be understood that, when taken in its entirety, multiple systems can be in communication to each other via other system. For example, the sensor system340can be in communication with the signal conversion system330via intermediary communications with the processing system320.

As another example, wired and/or wireless two-way communications may be established between the helmet unit310and one or more modular units380, such as via input/output systems350,384. The helmet unit310may transmit data to one or more modular units380and receive data from one or more modular units380. In some embodiments, some or all communications between the helmet unit310and one or more modular units380can be one-way communications such that the helmet unit310may transfer data to one or more modular units380whereas one or more modular units380do not transfer data to the helmet unit310or vice-versa. It should be understood that one or two-way communication can be maintained between one or more modular units380and the helmet unit110. For example, two-way communications may exist between helmet unit310and a first modular unit380whereas one-way communications may exist between helmet unit310and a second modular unit380. Moreover, it should be understood that, when taken in its entirety, multiple systems can be in communication to each other via other system. For example, a first modular unit380can communicate with a second modular unit380either directly via an input/output system384and/or through the helmet unit310as an intermediary via input/output system350.

The systems can be in communication via a wired connection and/or via a wireless connection as illustrated by the solid connecting lines. One or more systems, such as those for the helmet unit310and the modular unit380, can receive power from the power system370as shown by the dash-dot-dash lines. Of course, one or more systems, such as those for the helmet unit310and the modular unit380, can receive power from the power system386either in addition to that received from the power system370, or solely from the power system386. Although the systems are shown as communicating to each other through the processing system320, it should be understood that the systems may bypass the processing system320and communicate directly with each other.

In some embodiments, one or more systems of the helmet unit310can be integrated into or with a headworn wearable device, such as a helmet. For example, one or more of the components of the systems of the helmet unit310can be located on and/or within one or more components of the helmet such as one or more of the exterior shell, reinforcement structure, and/or inner layer. In some embodiments, a plurality of components of the one or more systems can be distributed to different components of the helmet to help distribute volume and/or weight in the helmet, thereby enhancing performance and user comfort when utilizing the helmet with the helmet unit310.

In some embodiments, the one or more modular units380can be positioned such that a majority of the modular unit380is positioned outside the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, the one or more modular units380can be positioned such that a majority of the modular unit380is hidden within a component of the helmet, such as one or more of the exterior shell, reinforcement structure, and/or inner layer.

The modular unit380can be a standalone device which can function without being connected to helmet unit310or any other electronic devices. For example, the modular unit380can include a processing system381, a sensor system383, and a power system386and can be capable of recording information even while disconnected from another device. When attached to the helmet unit310, the modular unit380can provide this data to the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, the modular unit380can be a standalone device which provides timing functionality to the helmet unit310. When removed from the helmet unit310, the modular unit380can beneficially be used as a timing device (e.g., stopwatch, timer) in other settings. For example, such a modular unit380can be used at home, attached to another part of one's person such as a user's wrist, and/or attached to another structural component such as a bike handle. Moreover, the modular unit380can supplement the capabilities of the helmet unit310such as by supplementing an existing processing system320, sensor system340, and/or power system370of the helmet unit310or, in embodiments of helmet unit310without one or more of these systems, wholly adding new functionality to the helmet unit310.

The modular unit380may not be a standalone device. For example, the modular unit380may not include a power system386to provide power to electronics contained within the modular unit380. In some embodiments, the modular unit380can receive this power via connection to the helmet unit310or another electronic device.

The helmet unit310and/or the modular units380can be in communication, wired and/or wirelessly, with a remote unit390. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the remote unit390can include one or more systems such as a processing system391, a signal conversion system392, a sensor system393, an input/output (I/O) system394, a user interface system395, and a power system396. As discussed in further detail below, processing system391, signal conversion system392, sensor system393, input/output (I/O) system394, user interface system395and/or power system396can include the same or similar components to those discussed in connection with processing systems320,381, signal conversion systems330,382, sensor systems340,383, input/output (I/O) systems350,384, user interface systems360,385, and/or power systems370,386.

The remote unit390can be a standalone device or can be operational only when in communication with the system300such as the helmet unit310and/or the modular unit380. Examples of remote units390can include one or more electronic devices such as, but not limited to, standalone devices such as cell phones, smart phones, watches, smart watches, PDAs, tablets, laptops, desktops, game consoles, MP3 players, iPods, cameras, fitness or gym equipment, sensors, and the like. For example, the one or more electronic devices can include, bike computers and other on-board vehicle sensors or systems, activity trackers such as a Fitbit, and other wearable and smart devices such as an Apple iWatch, an Apple iPhone, Android-based phones, and other such devices.

In some embodiments, the helmet unit310and/or one or more of the modular units380can receive data from the remote units390and present or communicate this data to the user of the system300. For example, the helmet unit310and/or one or more of the modular units380can be used to stream music from a remote unit390, such as a smart phone or MP3 player, and present that to the user. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310and/or one of the modular units380can communicate with a remote unit390, such as a smart phone or cell phone, such that the user of the communication unit300can use the helmet unit310and/or one of the modular units380for a phone call and/or for sending text messages. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310and/or one or more of the modular units380can communicate with multiple remote units390.

Use of a modular unit380with the helmet unit310can advantageously supplement the features and functionality of the helmet unit310. This can be particularly beneficial as it can allow a user to upgrade the device over time. In this manner, the usable lifespan of the helmet unit310can be expanded thereby reducing waste and reducing total costs to the user who need not replace the helmet unit310with a newer version of the helmet unit310if newer functionality is desired. Moreover, in circumstances where the desired functionality may change depending on the activity being performed by the user, this system can beneficially allow the user to more effectively configure the system300depending on the activity.

In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit systems such as a processing system320and/or signal conversion system330, which might include components which are expensive to manufacture and are quickly antiquated or rendered incompatible with other components by new developments in technology. The user can then purchase one or more modular units380to provide one or more of the upgraded, repaired, or missing systems, or to provide improvements or enhancements to the system. For example, in some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit the wireless system352and the user can connect one or more modular units380to provide an input/output system350which includes wireless systems. This can be particularly advantageous as wireless protocols often vary for remote units390from different manufacturers and, in some instances, from the same manufacturer. The one or more modular units380can provide one or more wireless protocols. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit the processing system320, signal conversion system330, the sensor system340, and/or the wireless system352and the user can connect one or more modular units380to provide the missing systems.

Moreover, it is contemplated that due to advances in technology, systems on the helmet unit310can eventually become antiquated by newer technology. The modular unit380can be used to supplement or replace existing systems on the helmet unit310. For example, the modular unit380can be used to assist in providing faster, more efficient, and/or otherwise enhanced operation of the device by including one or more supplemental components, such as a power system386and/or supplement storage of data by including a memory with processing system381. This ability to supplement or improve the existing systems of the device can also be beneficial as the user need not be inconvenienced with purchasing an entirely new helmet unit310to upgrade certain features and functionality. Rather, the user can purchase modular units380to add or upgrade components, features and/or functionality of the system300.

As should be understood from the discussion of the multiple systems below, it should be appreciated that any of the components can be omitted from one or more of the systems of the helmet unit310and/or modular unit380. Accordingly, it should be understood that any combination of such components between the helmet unit310and/or modular unit380can be achieved as desired by the user.

For example, in some embodiments, the modular unit380can include systems and/or components which are not present on the helmet unit310or vice versa. For example, in some embodiments, the helmet unit310can include solely a power system370and the modular unit380can include one or more of a processing system381, a signal conversion system382, a sensor system383, an input/output (I/O) system384, and a user interface system385. The helmet unit310can provide power to the modular unit380via a port or connector of the helmet unit310similar to those described in connection with I/O system350below. In this manner, a user can specifically choose modular units380which provide the functionality that the user desires. This can beneficially reduce total costs to the user as the user need not purchase modular units380with functionality that the user does not desire. Moreover, selection of specific functionality can further reduce size and/or weight of the system300.

As another example, in some embodiments, the helmet unit310can include an I/O system350and the modular unit380can include an I/O system384and one or both of the helmet unit310and the modular unit380can include a power system. This can beneficially provide for a greater degree of connectivity with other devices. For example, the I/O system384can be a more up-to-date wireless protocol capable of communicating with newer devices. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can include a processing system320and power system370in addition to the I/O system350. In some embodiments, the modular unit380can include one or more other systems, such as a processing system381, a signal conversion system382, a sensor system383, a user interface system385, and/or a power system386in addition to the I/O system350. In some embodiments, the modular unit380can provide one or more of the following functionality: additional processing capabilities such as a second microprocessor, image capture (e.g., still camera and/or video camera), audio input devices (e.g., microphones, such as a bone conduction microphone), audio output devices (e.g., in-ear speakers, bone conduction speakers, directional audio speakers, outwardly facing speakers), physiological sensing (e.g., heart rate sensors, blood-oxygen sensors, and the like), environmental sensing (e.g., air temperature sensors, air humidity sensors, air quality sensors, pressure sensors, wind speed sensors which can be used in calculating power, and the like), motions sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscope, and the like), biometric calculations (e.g., skin temperature and air temperature to calculate hydration, biochemical sensors to determine sweat characteristics, EEG sensors), provision of directions (e.g., audio and/or visual indicators such as a turn signal and/or haptic feedback, GPS), additional wireless capabilities (e.g., receivers, transmitters, and/or transceivers) which can add new protocols or supplement existing protocols (e.g., a second Bluetooth connection), Wi-Fi, or any other protocol described herein, wind noise reduction (e.g., windscreens, specific housing shapes), enhanced audio (e.g., enhanced speakers), enhanced booms (e.g., built-in power sources such as batteries, different sizes such as smaller sizes designed to better fit women), user interfaces (e.g., touch controls or buttons), power charging (e.g., one or more ports or connectors which allow for charging of the system while still allowing a user to listen to the boom), safety features (e.g., LED lights, radar system which can be rear-facing, peer-to-peer communications), and other functionality.

Use of a remote unit390with the system300can also advantageously enhance the features and functionality of the system300. For example, the remote unit390can include systems and/or components which are not present on the system300or vice versa. Similar to the description in connection with modular unit380, the user can purchase one or more remote units390to provide additional components, features and/or functionality. As should be understood from the discussion of the multiple systems below, it should be appreciated that any of the components can be omitted from one or more of the systems of the system300and/or remote unit390. Accordingly, it should be understood that any combination of such components between the system300and/or remote unit390can be achieved as desired by the user.

Although the discussion of the multiple systems is primarily in reference to the helmet unit310, it should be understood that such discussion also pertains to systems of the modular unit380and the remote unit390. For example, it should be understood that any or all of the components discussed in connection with processing system320, signal conversion system330, sensor system340, I/O system350, user interface system360, and/or power system370can also be included instead of or in addition to those described and/or illustrated in processing systems381,391, signal conversion systems382,392, sensor systems383,393, I/O systems384,394, user interface systems385,395, and/or power systems386,396.

Processing System

The support structure such as helmet unit310of the system300can include a processing system320which can be designed to process and/or store data received from one or more of the other systems of the system, such as the helmet unit310, modular unit380, and/or remote unit390. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the processing system320can include one or more components, such as a processor322, a memory324and program326. The processor322can be a microprocessor or central processing unit (CPU) designed to receive data from one or more of the other systems and transmit this processed data to one or more of the other systems. In some embodiments, the processor322can be designed to process this data in accordance with an algorithm from program326. The functionality of processor322and/or any other component of the helmet unit310, modular unit380, and/or remote unit390can be modified and/or enhanced by utilizing a different program326. The processed data can also be stored in the memory324for later use. For example, the data stored in memory324can be retrieved at a later time for further processing by the processing system320and/or viewing by the user. In some embodiments, the program326can be software stored in memory324and/or firmware stored in hardware, such as the processor322and/or other components of the helmet unit310. The program326can be updated, modified, fixed, and/or replaced, such as by receiving a new or modified program326through the system300, and/or by attaching the component in which the program326is stored or some other portion of the system to another computing device, either in a wired or wireless manner, to convey new or modified program information into the program326, or by replacing the component in which the program326is stored with another component containing a different program326.

Program326can include software which can provide one or more different features or user experiences when utilizing the system300. For example, such software can include one or more applications which provide one or more features and/or functionality such as, but not limited to, tracking designed to track and store a user's activity such as number of steps taken, amount of time the user was active, environmental conditions in which the system300has been used, and the like. The software can also include one or more features and functionality related to user operation of the helmet unit310, modular unit380, and/or remote unit390, such as voice command functionality allowing for hands-free operation of the units310,380,390. In some embodiments, the software can enable one or more other types of features and functionality such as conversion of text messages to voice messages and vice versa.

In some embodiments, the program326can include software found on mobile devices such as, but not limited to, cell phones, smart phones, PDAs, and tablets running Android, iOS, and/or Windows operating systems, etc. For example, the helmet unit310can include an Android, iOS, and/or Windows operating system to enable compatibility with such software. In some embodiments, program326can include software found on other types of electronic devices including, but not limited to, laptops and desktops. Advantageously, in embodiments where such functionality is enabled in the helmet unit310, the helmet unit310of the system300can include one or more functions of other stand-alone mobile devices.

Although program326is illustrated as forming part of the processing system320, as noted above program326can include firmware which is built into any aspect of the system, such as in the processor322and/or any other components of the helmet unit310. For example, program326can be used to control the operation of components of the helmet unit310such as the various components of the signal conversion system330, sensor system340, I/O system350, user interface system360and/or the power system370or similar systems on the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. For example, the program326can be used to control the operation of the wireless system352of the I/O system350which can include a receiver, transmitter, and/or transceiver designed to communicate with other devices typically within a personal area network distance from the helmet unit310using a wireless protocol such as, but not limited to, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart), ANT, ANT+, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, and MMS. The program326can also be used to monitor the statuses of the one or more sensors of the system300.

In some embodiments, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can include processing systems381,392having components, features and/or functionality similar to that described above in connection with processing system320. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit one or more components of the processing system320such that a user can provide such components with processing systems381,391. For example, the helmet unit310can omit the processor322, memory324and/or program326allowing the user to supply one or more of such components by connecting the helmet unit310with a modular unit380and/or remote unit390via a wired connection and/or wirelessly. The helmet unit310can include components which overlap with those of processing systems381,391of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. This can advantageously supplement and/or enhance the functionality of the processing system320. For example, the helmet unit310can be provided with a power-efficient processor322to conserve battery life and a modular unit380and/or a remote unit390can include a more powerful processor. As another example, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can have a processing system381,391designed to decode MP3s or other audio files and can provide such additional features and/or functionality to the helmet unit310when connected. Of course, in some embodiments, one or more components of the processing systems381,391of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be omitted.

Signal Conversion System

The helmet unit310of the system300can include a signal conversion system330which can be designed to convert signals from one form to another. The signal conversion system330can be designed to convert analog and/or digital electrical signals into signals more readily perceptible by the user of the helmet unit310such as audio, visual, and/or tactile signals, etc. The signal conversion system330can be designed to convert audio, visual, and tactile signals into analog and/or digital electrical signals for processing by a processing system such as processing system320. Accordingly, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the signal conversion system330can include one or more of a visual component332, an audio component334and a tactile component336.

In some embodiments, the visual component332can include a display device which can convert analog and/or digital signals into visual images and display them to the user. This may be accomplished by projecting an image or other data directly on the retina (i.e., retinal projection) and/or by displaying an image on an image plane such as a surface or screen within the wearer's field of view such as, but not limited to, an LCD screen, an OLED screen, a projector onto a surface such as a prism having an opaque surface, any other display screen, or a combination of such devices. The display device may be driven by any of a wide variety of source materials, either carried on board the helmet unit310, or in communication with the eyeglasses from another source, such as the modular unit380and/or the remote unit390, either via wired communication such as via a wired connection358such as a port and/or connector and/or wirelessly such as via the wireless system352.

In some embodiments, to provide such functionality, the display device can include a variety of components. In some embodiments, the visual component332can include an image capture device which can convert visual images into analog and/or digital signals. For example, the image capture device can be a camera which can capture pictures and/or video. One or more visual components332can be removably coupled to one or more components of the system300to enable selective use of one or more of the visual components332. For example, in some embodiments, a user can attach a visual component332when needed to receive or transmit visual data, but then remove such visual component332when not needed, to reduce the weight and bulk of the eyewear and/or to change the appearance of the eyewear. The removable attachment between the visual component332and any other component of the system300can be accomplished using any suitable structures or methods, including but not limited to any of the wired or wireless structures or methods described and/or illustrated in this specification.

The visual component332can be used to provide the user with visualizations of data desired by the user. For example, the visual component332can be used to provide the user with a visualization of data received from one or more of the systems such as the sensors of the sensor system340. The visual component332can provide the user with a visual indicator of parameters being detected and/or measured by the sensors of the sensor system340such as, but not limited to, the user's heart rate, body temperature, velocity, acceleration, pace, distance traveled, power expended, energy expended, ambient temperature, pressure, altitude, body orientation and other such parameters and data. By providing a visual indication of such parameters, the user of the device can track such parameters on an ongoing or continuous or constant basis. Other visual indicators of parameters from other systems can also be shown such as the status of such systems. Other types of data, such as pictures and/or videos, can be displayed using the visual component332. Moreover, the visual component332can be used as a camera to capture pictures and/or videos which can be advantageous to increase the safety of the user of the device. For example, the camera can be directed behind and/or laterally to provide the user with images of user's blind spots.

In some embodiments, the audio component334can include a speaker device which can convert analog and/or digital signals into sound waves and direct them to the user. This may be accomplished by generating pressure waves and directing these pressure waves to the user's ears, such as via a speaker, and/or by generating vibrations, such as via a bone-conduction speaker. In some embodiments, the audio component334can include an audio capture device which can convert sound waves into analog and/or digital signals. For example, the audio capture device can be a microphone.

The audio component334can be used to provide the user with audible representations of data desired by the user. For example, the audio component334can be used to provide the user with an audible representation of data received from one or more of the systems such as the sensors of the sensor system340. The audio component334can provide the user with intermittent and/or continuous audio updates of parameters being detected and/or measured by the sensors of the sensor system340such as, but not limited to, the user's heart rate, body temperature, velocity, pace, distance traveled, power expended, energy expended, ambient temperature, pressure, altitude and other such parameters and data. Other audio updates of parameters from other systems can be shown such as the status of such systems. Other types of data, such as music, voice calls, can also be audibly presented using the audio component334. The audio component334can be used as a microphone which can be used in conjunction with operating the helmet unit310, modular unit380, and/or remote unit390, voice calls, and similar functions. In some embodiments, the microphone can be used in conjunction with a speaker for purposes of noise cancellation.

In some embodiments, the haptic component336can include a force or vibration device which can convert analog and/or digital signals into tactile feedback and direct them to the user. This may be accomplished by generating forces or vibrations, such as via one or more of an imbalanced motor, linear actuators, voice coils, piezoelectrics, electrostatics, and/or electroactive polymers, etc. In some embodiments, the haptic component336can include a tactile capture device which can convert tactile forces into analog and/or digital signals. For example, the tactile capture device can comprise one or more piezoelectrics, electrostatics, electroactive polymers, any other device as desired, or a combination of any of these devices.

The haptic component336can be used to provide the user with tactile representations of data desired by the user. For example, the haptic component336can be used to provide the user with a tactile representation of data received from one or more of the systems such as the sensors of the sensor system340. Accordingly, the haptic component336can provide the user with intermittent and/or continuous tactile updates of parameters being detected and/or measured by the sensors of the sensor system340such as, but not limited to, the user's heart rate, body temperature, velocity, pace, distance traveled, power expended, energy expended, ambient temperature, pressure, altitude and other such parameters and data. In some embodiments, the haptic component336can vibrate to provide the user with notifications of trigger events. For example, the haptic component336can vibrate when an email or text message has been received, when a call is being received, and other types of trigger events.

In some embodiments, one or more haptic components336can be positioned on multiple components of the helmet unit310and/or modular unit380. For example, haptic components336can be placed on lateral components of the helmet unit310and on anterior components of the helmet unit310. The different haptic components136can be activated separately or together based on the specific trigger event. For example, if an email or text message is received, a lateral haptic component336can be activated. If a call is being received, an anterior haptic component336can be activated. Separate activation of different haptic components336can help the user to more easily identify different trigger events.

In some embodiments, use of multiple haptic components336can be used to assist the user in navigation. For example, a haptic component336located to the left of the user's head can be activated to indicate to the user to turn left, a haptic component336located to the right of the user's head can be activated to indicate to the user to turn right, and a haptic component336located to the front of the user's head can be activated to indicate to the user to continue proceeding forward. Use of haptic components336for navigation can be particularly beneficial for users of the helmet unit310and/or modular unit380who are blind and/or deaf. This can also be particularly beneficial, even for those with full vision and/or hearing capabilities, when use of visual indicators and/or audio indicators may be intrusive or impractical during a particular activity, such as when other visual or audio indicators are already being utilized by a user. In some embodiments, the haptic components336can be used to inform a user of objects and/or persons in a user's blind spot. This can beneficially enhance the safety of the user of the device. As another example, visual indicators could potentially make the user more visible to others as a result of the light output in providing such indicators. Audio indicators can potentially be heard by others.

In some embodiments, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can include signal conversion systems382,392having components, features and/or functionality similar to or the same as any of those described above in connection with signal conversion system330. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit one or more components of the signal conversion system330such that a user can provide such components with signal conversion systems382,392. For example, the helmet unit310can omit the visual component332, audio component334and/or haptic component336thereby allowing the user to supply one or more of such components by connecting the helmet unit310with a modular unit380and/or remote unit390via a wired connection and/or wirelessly. In some embodiments, an audio component such as an in-ear, on-ear, near-ear, over-the-ear, and/or an outwardly facing speaker can be provided on a modular unit380and/or remote unit390. For example, the remote unit390can have an outwardly facing speaker and serve as an external speaker. The helmet unit310can include components which overlap with those of the signal conversion systems382,392of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. This can advantageously supplement and/or enhance the functionality of the signal conversion system330. For example, the helmet unit310can be provided with a speaker and a modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be provided with a microphone. In some embodiments, one or more components of the signal conversion systems382,392of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be omitted.

Sensor System

The helmet unit310of the system300can include a sensor system340which can be designed to obtain sensory data from the environment (e.g., an ambient or environmental sensor) and/or the user (a biometric and/or physiological sensor). Accordingly, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the sensor system340can include a plurality of sensors including, but not limited to, one or more motion sensors342, one or more biometric and/or physiological sensors344, and one or more ambient or environmental sensors346. By utilizing data from the sensor system340, the helmet unit310can provide beneficial data regarding the user's condition and/or the surrounding environment. The data received from the sensor system340, can be further processed by the processing system320to provide the user with general data about the user's activities, such as number of steps taken and duration of time the user was active.

The one or more motion sensors342can be designed to detect and/or measure movement or motion. The one or more motion sensors342can include any type of sensor which can detect and/or measure such movement or motion including, but not limited to, an accelerometer to detect and/or measure acceleration and a gyroscope to detect and/or measure orientation. Other types of sensors motion sensors342can also be used such as, but not limited to, a cadence sensor for measuring the rotational speed of a crank arm of a bicycle, a speed sensor for measuring the speed of a bike, a pedometer for measuring the number of steps taken by a user and similar sensors. It should be understood that some of these sensors may be more advantageously placed, for example, on one or more remote units390due to the positioning of such sensors relative to the user. For example, a cadence sensor and/or pedometer may be more advantageously placed proximate a user's feet.

The one or more physiological sensors344can be designed to detect and/or measure one or more physiologic parameters of the user. As such, the one or more physiological sensors344can include any type of sensor which can detect and/or measure such physiological parameters including, but not limited to, sensors for monitoring cardiovascular parameters such as a heart rate sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a blood sugar sensor, and a blood-oxygen and/or blood CO2 sensor, sensors for monitoring hydration levels and temperature of a user such as a perspiration sensor, a skin resistivity sensor, a hydration sensor, a dermal moisture sensor, an electrolyte sensor, and a body temperature sensor, and/or any other types of sensors, such as a lactic acid sensor and pO2 sensor. Other types of physiological sensors344can be used as desired. It should be understood that some of these sensors may be more advantageously placed, for example, on one or more remote units390due to the positioning of such sensors relative to the user. For example, a heart rate sensor may be more advantageously placed in contact with or adjacent a user's chest.

The one or more ambient or environmental sensors346can be designed to detect and/or measure parameters of the surrounding environment. As such, the one or more ambient or environmental sensors346can include any type of sensor which can detect and/or measure such parameters including, but not limited to, an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, an altitude sensor (such as an altimeter), an oxygen sensor, an air quality sensor, a wind speed sensor (such as a pitot tube), a solar irradiance sensor, a proximity sensor such as a sonar device, a magnetometer, and any other sensor which can detect parameters of the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the ambient or environmental sensor346can include a range finder which can detect a distance to an object.

In some embodiments, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can include sensor systems383,393having components, features and/or functionality similar to that described above in connection with sensor system340. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit one or more components of the sensor system340such that a user can provide such components with sensor systems383,393. For example, the helmet unit310can omit the motion sensor342, physiological sensor344and/or ambient or environmental sensor346thereby allowing the user to supply one or more of such components by connecting the helmet unit310with a modular unit380and/or remote unit390via a wired connection and/or wirelessly. In some embodiments, a heart rate sensor, gyroscope, accelerometer and/or magnetometer can be provided on a modular unit380and/or remote unit390. Of course, the helmet unit310can include components which overlap with those of the sensor systems383,393of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. This can advantageously supplement and/or enhance the functionality of the sensor system340. For example, the helmet unit310can be provided with an accelerometer, gyroscope, and a modular unit380can be provided with a heart rate sensor and a remote unit390can be provided with a cadence sensor. In some embodiments, one or more components of the sensor systems383,393of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be omitted.

The helmet unit310of the system300can include an I/O system350which can interface with one or more modular units380and/or one or more remote units390. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the I/O system350can include a wireless system152as well as one or more wired connections358, such as ports and/or connectors, for removable mechanical and/or electrical coupling with another device such as one or more modular units380. As shown in the illustrated embodiment ofFIG. 3, the helmet unit310, the modular unit380, and/or the remote unit390can each communicate with each other such that the units310,380,390can receive communications from and/or send communications to each other. For example, each of the respective input systems of each of the helmet unit310, the modular unit380, and/or the remote unit390can receive communications from each of the respective output systems of each of the helmet unit310, the modular unit380, and/or the remote unit390; and each of the respective output systems of each of the helmet unit310, the modular unit380, and/or the remote unit390can send communications to each of the respective input systems of each of the helmet unit310, the modular unit380, and/or remote unit390.

The wireless system352can include one or more receivers354to receive wireless signals from another device such as one or more remote units390and one or more transmitters356to send wireless signals to another device such as one or more remote units390. The wireless system352can include one or more transceivers which can perform both functions. The one or more receivers354, one or more transmitters356, and/or one or more transceivers can include one or more antennas. The one or more antennas can be configured to receive one or more electronic signals including, but not limited to, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart), ANT, ANT+, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, MMS, and/or any other type of signal. The one or more antennas can be positioned on any portion of the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, the antennas can be positioned along bottom, top, outer, and/or inner surfaces of any portion of the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, the antennas can be positioned along interior and/or exterior surfaces of the helmet unit310. The one or more antennas can include movable antennas. For example, in some embodiments the movable antenna can be an articulating antenna which is coupled to the helmet unit.

The one or more receivers354and/or one or more transmitters356can be designed to wirelessly communicate with other devices using one or more protocols. For example, the receiver354and/or transmitter356can include protocols such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart), ANT, ANT+, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, and MMS. The receiver354can be designed such that the helmet unit310is viewed as an ANT+ master unit when communicating with other ANT+ devices. In some embodiments, the one or more receivers354and/or one or more transmitters356(or transceivers) can include two or more protocols such that the helmet unit310can advantageously be used with a wider variety of devices such as modular units380and/or remote units390. In some embodiments, the one or more receivers and/or one or more transmitters (or transceivers) can utilize the two or more protocols simultaneously. In some embodiments, the receiver354can be designed to receive signals from a global positioning satellite (GPS). As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the wireless system310can be designed to wirelessly communicate with the one or more remote units390.

The one or more wired connections358, such as ports and/or connectors, can allow for removable mechanical and/or electrical coupling with other devices such as one or more modular units380. The one or more wired connections358can be designed to be universally compatible with a variety of devices. For example, in some embodiments, the one or more wired connections358can include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port and/or connector, such as USB 1.0, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, USB 3.1, and including microUSB and type-C ports and/or connectors, an IEEE 1394 (FireWire) port and/or connector, an Ethernet port and/or connector, a Thunderbolt port and/or connector, a Displayport port and/or connector, a DVI port and/or connector, an HDMI port and/or connector, an optical port and/or connector, a coaxial port and/or connector, and/or other ports and/or connectors. In some embodiments, the one or more wired connections358can have different mechanical and/or electrical connectors to allow for an even wider range of devices to be used. For example, a first wired connection358can be a USB 3.0 port or connector whereas a second wired connection358can be a Thunderbolt port or connector. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the one or more wired connections358can be designed to mechanically and/or electrically couple with the one or more modular units380. The wired connections358can be positioned on any portion of the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, the wired connections358can be positioned along bottom, top, outer, and/or inner surfaces of any portion of the helmet unit310. In some embodiments, the wired connections358can be positioned along interior and/or exterior surfaces of the helmet unit310.

The one or more modular units380can have different shapes, appearances, features, and/or functionality, but the modular units380can include generally the same mechanical and/or electric connectors to wired connections358to enable interchangeability. In some embodiments, a vendor can provide a selection (simultaneously or over time) of a plurality of different interchangeable modular units380with multiple different shapes, sizes, and/or colors, and/or with different features and/or functionality. In this way, a user can purchase different modular units380to customize the user's system300, to upgrade the user's system300, and/or to replace broken or damaged components in the user's system300. In some embodiments where the modular unit380includes a universally compatible wired connection, such as a USB connector, the modular unit380can be connected to other devices which have a similar connector. For example, the modular unit380could be attached to devices such as, but not limited to, a computer, a smartphone, an audio/video player, and a vehicle entertainment system. In some embodiments, each or all of the modular units380can be standalone devices which can be removed from the helmet unit310and function separately from the helmet unit310or any other electronic devices.

In some embodiments, the modular units380are mounted in close proximity to the helmet unit310. The helmet unit310and modular unit380can be coupled to form a relatively compact, combined unit. This can be particularly advantageous in many situations as this can reduce the burden on the user of the system300. By placing both the helmet unit310and the modular unit380in an eyewear, the user need not be inconvenienced with using such remote devices.

In some embodiments, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can include I/O systems384,394having components, features and/or functionality similar to that described above in connection with I/O system350. For example, in some embodiments, the modular unit380can include a wireless system having a receiver, transmitter and/or transceiver similar to that discussed in connection with I/O system350. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit one or more components of the I/O system350such that a user can provide such components with I/O systems384,394. For example, the helmet unit310can omit the wireless system352including the receiver354and/or transmitter356, and/or wired connection358thereby allowing the user to supply one or more of such components by connecting the helmet unit310with a modular unit380and/or remote unit390having one or more of such components. In some embodiments, a port and/or connector can be provided on a modular unit380and/or remote unit390to allow additional modular units380to be attached to the system300. The helmet unit310can include components which overlap with those of the I/O systems384,394of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. This can advantageously supplement and/or enhance the functionality of the I/O system350. For example, the helmet unit310can be provided with a wireless system352having Bluetooth and/or ANT+ protocols and the modular unit380can be provided with a wireless system having different protocols such as ZigBee or Wi-Fi. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can be provided with no wireless system352and the modular unit380can be provided with a wireless system having one or more different protocols. This can be particularly beneficial when wireless protocols are often updated thereby reducing the likelihood that the helmet unit310will have an antiquated wireless protocol. In some embodiments, one or more components of the I/O systems384,394of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be omitted.

While the input/output system350have been generally described as having a wireless system352for communication with remote units390and one or more wired connections358for communication with modular units380, in some embodiments communications between the helmet unit310and one or more modular units380can be via the wireless system352and/or wired connections358and/or communications between the helmet unit310and the remote units390can be can be via the wireless system352and/or wired connections358. In some embodiments, communications between the modular unit380and the remote unit390can be via wireless systems of input/output systems384,394. In some embodiments, communications between the modular unit380and the remote unit390can be via one or more wireless systems and/or wired connections of the input/output systems384,394.

User Interface System

The helmet unit310of the system300can include a user interface system360which can be designed to allow the user to operate the helmet unit310, modular unit380, and/or remote unit390. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the user interface system360can include one or more actuators362and/or one or more sensors364.

In some embodiments, the one or more actuators362can include mechanical switches such as, but not limited to, toggle, rocker, button, and/or rotary switches. One or more actuators362can advantageously be used to provide tactile feedback when operating the switch such that the user can easily operate the device without having to view the actuators362directly. The actuators362can be used to control one or more operating parameters such as the on-off state of the helmet unit310, modular unit380, and/or remote unit390, audio volume control, and/or video brightness control, etc.

In some embodiments, the one or more sensors364can include sensors which detect contact such as capacitive and/or resistive sensors. In some embodiments, the capacitive and/or resistive sensors can be designed to detect contact with a user's finger. For example, the user interface system360can include a touch screen having capacitive and/or resistive sensors on which the user can use different gestures to modify parameters of the helmet unit310, modular unit380and/or remote unit390. Such gestures can include, but are not limited to, a frontward swipe, a rearward swipe, an upward swipe, a downward swipe, one or more taps such as a double or triple tap, pressing the screen for a specific duration of time, a multiple position tap, and any combination of the above. The touch screen can be sized to fit along any portion of the helmet unit310.

In some embodiments, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can include user interface systems385,395having components, features and/or functionality similar to that described above in connection with user interface system360. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit one or more components of the user interface system360such that a user can provide such components with user interface systems385,395. For example, the helmet unit310can omit the actuator362and/or sensor364thereby allowing the user to supply one or more of such components by connecting the helmet unit310, via a wired connector and/or wirelessly, with a modular unit380and/or remote unit390having one or more of such components. This can be beneficial as it can allow a user to select a type of user interface that the user prefers and/or switch the type of user interface. For example, a user may find it advantageous to use a user interface having tactile buttons for certain activities and may find it more advantageous to utilize a user interface having touch capabilities for other activities. Accordingly, the user may wish to swap between a tactile button user interface with a touch user interface based on the specific activity. Of course, the helmet unit310can include components which overlap with those of the user interface systems385,395of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. This can advantageously supplement and/or enhance the functionality of the user interface system360. Of course, in some embodiments, one or more components of the user interface systems385,395of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be omitted.

Power System

The helmet unit310of the system300can include a power system370which can be designed to provide energy to the one or more systems of the helmet unit310, modular unit380and/or remote unit390. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the power system370can include an energy storage component372and/or an energy generation component374.

The energy storage component372can be a device designed to store energy for use with the helmet unit310, modular unit380and/or remote unit390. For example, the energy storage component372can be a battery device such as primary cell (non-rechargeable) and/or a secondary cell (rechargeable) such as, but not limited to, a Li-ion battery, LiPo battery, NiCad battery, and Ni-MH battery. The battery device can be designed to provide between about 50 mAh to about 500 mAh, about 150 mAh and/or any other energy storage capacity as desired. In some embodiments, the energy storage component372can be a capacitor, fuel cell, or other device which can store energy for later use.

The energy generation component374can be a device designed to generate energy from another source. The energy generation component374can be a device designed to convert kinetic energy, solar energy and/or thermal energy to electrical energy for powering the systems of helmet unit310, modular unit380and/or remote unit390. The energy generation component374can be a device designed to convert electromagnetic energy to electrical energy. In such an embodiment, the helmet unit310, modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be wirelessly powered and charged.

In some embodiments, the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can include power systems386,396having components, features and/or functionality similar to that described above in connection with power system370. In some embodiments, the helmet unit310can omit one or more components of the power system370such that a user can provide such components with power systems386,396. For example, the helmet unit310can omit the energy storage component372and/or energy generation component374thereby allowing the user to supply one or more of such components by connecting the helmet unit310with a modular unit380via a wired connection and/or wirelessly. In some embodiments, the modular unit380can be provided with an energy storage component such as a battery. The helmet unit310can include components which overlap with those of the power systems386,396of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390. This can advantageously supplement and/or enhance the functionality of the power system370. For example, the modular unit380can include an energy storage component to supplement the energy storage component372of the helmet unit310thereby increasing the duration of operation of the helmet unit310, modular unit380and/or remote unit390. In some embodiments, one or more components of the power systems386,396of the modular unit380and/or remote unit390can be omitted.

Brim and Eyewear for a Sports Helmet with Modular Components

FIGS. 4-8Cillustrate example embodiments of eyewear adapters, such as brims, that are configured to integrate eyewear with a sports helmet. Some embodiments of the eyewear adapters integrate the eyewear with the helmet by attaching to the helmet and interfacing with the eyewear. As used herein, the eyewear adapter is said to interface with the eyewear where the eyewear adapter is in contact with the eyewear, is adjacent to the eyewear, or is in proximity to the eyewear (e.g., a contour of the eyewear adapter is less than or equal 0.5 inches away from a top portion of the eyewear). In some implementations, the eyewear adapter is said to interface with the eyewear where the eyewear adapter is attached to the eyewear. The eyewear adapter is configured such that, in use, the eyewear adapter enhances the fit or function of the eyewear to provide, in the combination of the helmet and eyewear, one or more functional advantages. These functional advantages can include, for example and without limitation, improved air flow across or through portions of the helmet and eyewear, improved aerodynamics of the helmet, improved sweat control, improved fit, or improved securing of the eyewear to or on or in the helmet. These functional advantages represent an improvement compared to the use of the helmet and the eyewear without the eyewear adapter. The brims can also be configured to provide at least two functions including improved aerodynamics and occupying or reducing space between eyewear and the helmet. The brim can be configured to move relative to the helmet and/or relative to the eyewear to provide the ability to match eyewear to the helmet and/or to compensate for anatomical differences between wearers.

FIG. 4illustrates an eyewear adapter400(e.g., a brim) comprising a top portion402and a bottom portion401. The top portion402of the eyewear adapter400can be made of a rigid material. The bottom portion401of the eyewear adapter400can be made of a flexible material. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter400includes a channel403in the bottom portion to increase flexibility of the bottom portion401. The bottom portion401of the eyewear adapter400can be configured to contact a top portion of eyewear420. In certain implementations, the bottom portion401of the eyewear adapter400can be configured to contact at least a portion of the earstems425. The eyewear adapter400can be considered to float above or on the eyewear420(as opposed to attaching to the eyewear). In this way, the eyewear adapter400interfaces with the eyewear420to integrate the eyewear with a helmet. The eyewear adapter400can be configured to connect to a helmet using pads404. The fastener405can be used to control the friction between the eyewear adapter400and the pad404. For example, the fastener405can be used to create a relatively high frictional force between the eyewear adapter400and the pads404so that the brim remains substantially fixed with respect to the pads404. In use, this may cause the brim to remain relatively stationary with respect to the helmet. As another example, the fastener405can be used to create a relatively low frictional force between the eyewear adapter400and the pads404so that the brim can move with respect to the pads404. In use, this may cause the brim to remain in contact with the eyewear. The fasteners505may be any appropriate fastener, such as a screw, clip, clamp, or the like. The flexible material in the bottom portion401of the eyewear adapter400may advantageously reduce the forces on the nose of the wearer when the brim and/or helmet move downward on the head of the wearer. In some embodiments, the eyewear includes venting holes422to pass air through the eyewear420to provide temperature management functionality and/or anti-fog functionality by passing air between the wearer and the inner surface of the eyewear420.

FIG. 5illustrates an eyewear adapter500that is configured to attach to eyewear520. Similar to the eyewear adapter400described with reference toFIG. 4, the eyewear adapter500includes a top portion502and a bottom portion501and is attached to pads504with fastener505. The eyewear adapter module500attaches to the eyewear520at the earstems525using attachment clip506. In some embodiments, the earstems525can be configured to specifically to attach to the eyewear adapter500. In some embodiments, the earstems525of the eyewear are interchangeable between standard earstems and the earstems525configured to attach to the eyewear adapter500.

In some embodiments, the distal ends of the earstems525can be adjusted on the eyewear adapter500to adjust the length of the earstem525. This can be done to customize the fit for the wearer. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter500cooperates with the pads504to adjust the orientation and/or position of the eyewear520to compensate for anatomical differences between wearers. Similar to the eyewear adapter400described herein with reference toFIG. 4, the fastener505can be adjusted to tighten or loosen the coupling between the eyewear adapter500and the pads504to restrict or allow movement of the eyewear adapter500relative to a helmet to which it is attached. Because the eyewear adapter500is attached to the eyewear520, this results in the eyewear adapter500and eyewear520either being substantially fixed with respect to the helmet (e.g., when the fasteners505are tightened) or being able to move with respect to the helmet (e.g., when the fasteners505are loosened). The fasteners505may be any appropriate fastener, such as a screw, clip, clamp, or the like.

FIG. 6illustrates an eyewear adapter600comprising a rigid or flexible brim that attaches to a helmet using fasteners608. The fasteners608may be any appropriate fastener, such as a screw, clip, clamp, magnets, tongue and groove connection, or the like. The fasteners608of the eyewear adapter600may be configured to allow the eyewear adapter600to move relative to the helmet or may fix the eyewear adapter600to the helmet so that there is no relative movement. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter600is attached to the helmet using rigid or floating side mounts, similar to those described with respect toFIGS. 4 and 5.

The eyewear adapter600can be configured to be positioned forward of the eyewear620when attached to the helmet. Accordingly, the eyewear adapter600can be configured to not contact the eyewear620while still closing the gap between the top of the eyewear620and the helmet. The eyewear adapter600can be configured to push wind away from the wearer. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter600includes vents for selectively passing air through the eyewear adapter600. In certain implementations, the vents may be able to be opened and closed as the wearer desires. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter600is made of a material that is at least partially transparent to allow the wearer to see through the eyewear adapter600. This may be beneficial when the wearer desires to look over the eyewear620because then the eyewear adapter600would not significantly obstruct the vision of the wearer.

FIGS. 7A and 7Billustrate eyewear adapters700a,700bthat are similar to the eyewear adapter600described herein with reference toFIG. 6, except that the eyewear adapters700a,700bare configured to sit behind the eyewear720. This can advantageously direct wind down the face of the wearer, such as between the eyewear720and the wearer's face. This can increase air flow on the wearer's face providing temperature management benefits. This may also decrease fogging on the interior surface of the eyewear720. Similar to the eyewear adapter600, the eyewear adapters700a,700bmay be transparent. Also similar to the eyewear adapter600, the fasteners708of the eyewear adapters700a,700bmay be configured to allow the eyewear adapter700a,700bto move relative to the helmet or may fix the eyewear adapter700a,700bto the helmet so that there is no relative movement. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapters700a,700bare attached to the helmet using rigid or floating side mounts, similar to those described with respect toFIGS. 4 and 5.

In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter700bmay differ from the eyewear adapter700ain that the eyewear adapter700bmay be configured to contact a rear portion of a frame of the eyewear720. This can advantageously increase the anti-fogging functionality provided by the eyewear adapter700b, for example.

FIGS. 8A-8Cillustrate eyewear adapters800a-800cthat are configured to cover one or more vents on a front portion of a helmet. The different coverages provided by the eyewear adapters800a-800ccan be used to provide different levels of vent coverage and/or aerodynamic benefits. The eyewear adapters800a-800ccan be configured to include any one or more of the features of the other eyewear adapters described herein with reference toFIGS. 4-7B.

FIGS. 9A-9Billustrate a helmet900configured to switch between using a full visor910and a partial visor902with eyewear920. As illustrated, the partial visor902comprises a transparent portion that a wearer may see through. This complements the eyewear920, allowing the user to have a large field of view when using eyewear920. In some embodiments, the partial visor can include air vents905to provide air management through the visor902. The partial visor902can be removed from the helmet900and replaced with a full visor910. This allows the wearer to adjust the properties of the helmet900based on the intended use of the helmet.

Sports Helmet with Modular Attachment Having Stem Tunnels

FIG. 10illustrates a helmet1000having a modular attachment1010with stem tunnels1004to receive earstems1025of eyewear1020. The helmet100can include a brim1002and the modular attachment1010with the stem tunnels1004can provide a way to adjust the earstems relative to the face of the wearer to position the eyewear1020. In some embodiments, the stem tunnels1004can be configured to provide a frictional force on the earstems1025to cause the eyewear to remain substantially fixed in position.

Sports Helmet with Modular Components

FIGS. 11A and 11Billustrate example modular sports helmets1100a,1100bhaving a base portion1105a,1105bconfigured to protect a portion of a user's head1102. The base portion1105a,1105bcan be configured to provide different coverage based at least in part on the intended activity, safety regulations or standards, aesthetic considerations, or the like. The base portion1105a,1105bcan be configured to receive one or more modules1110to extend or enhance the capabilities or features of the helmet1100a,1100b. The modules1110can be attached or otherwise added to a periphery of the base portion1105a,1105b, to an exterior surface of the base portion1105a,1105b, to an interior surface of the base portion1105a,1105b, or the modules1110can be attached to any combination of these parts of the base portion1105a,1105b.

As an example,FIG. 12illustrates an example modular helmet1200having a base portion1205and two eyewear adapter modules1210a,1210bconfigured to attach to the base portion1205, the two eyewear adapter modules1210a,1210btailored for different eyewear1220a,1220b. The first eyewear adapter module1210acan be configured to be tailored for the first eyewear1220aand the second eyewear adapter module1210bcan be configured to be tailored for the second eyewear1220b. This can allow a user to switch between different eyewear without switching helmets. As used herein, an eyewear adapter module can be considered to be tailored for eyewear when the eyewear adapter module, helmet, and eyewear combine to provide a tailored aesthetic appearance, a tailored fit, tailored functionality (e.g., venting), or the like. For example, an eyewear adapter module can be said to be tailored for eyewear when a contour of the eyewear adapter module is complementary to a corresponding contour of the eyewear. For example, an eyewear adapter module can be configured to reduce a gap between a helmet (including the eyewear adapter module) and a top portion of eyewear to less than or equal to about 0.5 inches, to less than or equal to about 0.25 inches, to less than or equal to about 0.125 inches, or the eyewear adapter module can be in contact with the top portion of the eyewear along a majority of the top portion of the eyewear. An eyewear adapter module may also be tailored for eyewear where the eyewear and the eyewear adapter module cooperate to provide enhanced functionality such as ventilation, anti-fogging, aerodynamics, or the like.

For example, the eyewear adapter module1210ais tailored for the eyewear1220abased at least in part on the contour1212aof the eyewear1210amatching the contour1222aof the eyewear1220a. This can advantageously control the flow of air around the eyewear1220aas well as provide a desirable aesthetic appearance. In certain implementations, a profile of the eyewear adapter module1210acan be tailored to create a substantially seamless transition between the helmet1200and a profile of the eyewear1220a. For example, a curvature profile of the eyewear adapter module1210acan provide a smooth transition from the curvature profile of the base portion1205to the eyewear1220awherein the eyewear adapter module1210ahas a base curvature that is within a tolerance of the eyewear1220aand/or within a tolerance of the base portion1205. The curvature profile can be considered along a longitudinal plane (e.g., a plane that vertically divides a head of the wearer into left and right sides), along a transverse plane (e.g., a plane that vertically divides a head of the wearer into front and back sides), a horizontal plane, or any combination of these planes. The curvature can be circular, parabolic, hyperbolic, toroidal, a progressive curve, an accelerated curve, or any other smooth curving surface. The surfaces of the base portion1205, eyewear adapter module1210a, and/or eyewear1220amay also include flat portions in addition to curved portions. Matching the profiles of the helmet and eyewear can advantageously improve aerodynamics of the helmet1200and eyewear1220when worn by a user as well as provide a desirable aesthetic appearance. Matching the profiles of the helmet1200and the eyewear1220amay also advantageously reduce the risk of injury that may occur when a wearer is sliding down a slope (e.g., after falling down) or moving rapidly through vegetation or other obstacles by reducing edges that may catch on a surface and cause an undesirable torsion on the neck of the wearer.

The eyewear adapter modules1210a,1210bcan be designed to integrate with eyewear so that it can improve air flow, to remove gaps between the eyewear and the helmet for design and functional reasons, and to provide additional functionality to the helmet1200. The eyewear adapter modules1210a,1210bcan be configured to be vertically adjustable (e.g., to reduce or eliminate gaps between the eyewear and the helmet), to include adjustable vents (e.g., to integrate air flow), to reduce or to prevent eyewear bash, to reduce or to prevent undesirable nose pressure, to include an extra-long brim (e.g., for protection from sun and/or precipitation), to include LEDs or lights, to extend over the eyewear, to provide an attachment point on the helmet for eyewear (e.g., when not being worn by the user), to provide a flip-up visor, to provide a mount and/or case for a camera, to provide attachment points for eyewear (e.g., to eliminate the need for earstems or a strap on the eyewear), to provide features on the side of the eyewear adapter module to decrease or to eliminate gaps between the helmet and the sides of the eyewear, to create a secondary eyewear attachment point, and the like.

In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter modules1210a,1210binclude electronics configured to provide additional functionality to the user of the helmet1200, as described in greater detail herein. For example, the eyewear adapter modules1210a,1210bcan include active cooling mechanisms such as, for example and without limitation, fans, pumps, blowers, thermoelectric devices, or the like.

The eyewear adapter module may be provided with one or more motion sensors designed to detect and/or measure movement or motion. The one or more motion sensors can include any type of sensor which can detect and/or measure such movement or motion including, but not limited to, an accelerometer to detect and/or measure acceleration and a gyroscope to detect and/or measure orientation. Other types of sensors motion sensors can also be used such as, but not limited to, a cadence sensor for measuring the rotational speed of a crank arm of a bicycle, a speed sensor for measuring the speed of a bike, a pedometer for measuring the number of steps taken by a user and similar sensors. It should be understood that some of these sensors may be more advantageously placed, for example, on different modules due to the positioning of such sensors relative to the user.

One or more physiological sensors may be provided to detect and/or measure one or more physiologic parameters of the wearer. As such, the one or more physiological sensors can include any type of sensor which can detect and/or measure such physiological parameters including, but not limited to, sensors for monitoring cardiovascular parameters such as a heart rate sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a blood sugar sensor, and a blood-oxygen sensor, sensors for monitoring hydration levels and temperature of a user such as a perspiration sensor, an electrolyte sensor, and a body temperature sensor, and/or any other types of sensors, such as a lactic acid sensor. Other types of physiological sensors can be used as desired. It should be understood that some of these sensors may be more advantageously placed, for example, on different modules due to the positioning of such sensors relative to the user.

One or more ambient or environmental sensors can be provided in the eyewear adapter module1210a,1210bto detect and/or measure parameters of the surrounding environment. As such, the one or more ambient or environmental sensors can include any type of sensor that can detect and/or measure such parameters including, but not limited to, an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, an altitude sensor (such as an altimeter), an oxygen sensor, an air quality sensor, a wind speed sensor (such as a pitot tube), a solar irradiance sensor, a proximity sensor such as a sonar device, a magnetometer, and any other sensor which can detect parameters of the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the ambient or environmental sensor can include a range finder which can detect a distance to an object.

Sensor data may be exported wirelessly to a remote device by way of an input/output system which can include a receiver, transmitter, and/or transceiver designed to communicate with other devices using a wireless protocol such as, but not limited to, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart), ANT, ANT+, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, or MMS.

Returning toFIG. 11A, the helmet1100acan include a base portion1105aconfigured to mate with one or more modules1110. The base portion1105acan include a shell1107and cushioning1109. Generally, a rigid and relatively thin shell or cap1107is made by injection molding (PC, ABS) or by any other appropriate means (for example, by layering of various resin-impregnated layers of fabric). The shell1107can be fitted with comfort and/or shock-absorbing elements in an inner layer1109of an expanded polystyrene (EPS), foams, fabrics, or the like. It should be understood that the base portion1105acan be a unitary piece made of a uniform material. For example, the base portion1105adoes not necessarily include a shell1107in combination with cushioning1109.

The helmet1100acan be configured to provide protection through a combination of the shell1107, which can be a hard shell, and the cushioning1109, which can be a compressible inner liner or one or more compressible elements configured to absorb and/or distribute impact forces. The shell1107can be configured to provide a structural base of the helmet1100a. The shell1107may be hard and rigid, and its outer surface may be adapted to be painted, resurfaced, or refinished, potentially to accommodate graphic elements. The cushioning1109can be configured to line the inside of the shell1107or to be placed at a plurality of locations on an interior surface of the shell1107to form an impact absorbing layer between the head1102of the wearer and the hard surface of the shell1107. As illustrated, the shell1107forms the exterior surface of the helmet1100a, and is contiguous with the cushioning1109. However, the shell1107need not constitute the outermost layer of the helmet1100, but may be located elsewhere to accomplish energy absorption. Similarly, one or more additional layers may be configured to be between the shell1107and the cushioning1109or one or more additional layers may be configured to be between the cushioning1109and the head1102of the wearer.

In some embodiments, the shell1107may be made with materials such as ABS plastic, polycarbonate plastic, or the like. However, the shell1107may be made of any number of plastics, energy-absorbing materials, or composite materials. Further, the physical characteristics of the shell1107, such as flexibility, hardness, weight, and shape, may be varied to accomplish desired, selected, or targeted performance characteristics. Such variations are to be understood to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

The cushioning1109can be configured to further absorb and distribute energy caused by an impact with the helmet1100a. The cushioning1109can be configured to be more energy-absorbent than the shell1107. The cushioning1109can include foam lining, one or more foam pads, one or more air pads, or any combination thereof. The cushioning1109may also include any apparatus or material that effectively absorbs and distributes impact energy and/or that generally cushions the user's head1102. The cushioning1109can include foam lining and/or foam pads made of polystyrene foam, vinyl nitrile foam, thermoplastic urethane foam, or the like. The cushioning1109can include air pads that include bladders adapted to be filled with air and may be made of vinyl or a similarly flexible plastic material. In certain embodiments, the cushioning1109is arranged in a fixed or removable manner inside the shell1107, for example by means of adhesives, fasteners, and/or self-gripping straps (e.g., using a hook-and-loop fastening material).

The base portion1105acan include depressions or apertures in the shell1107and/or the cushioning1109. Such apertures and depressions may decrease the weight of the base portion1105a, enhance performance, provide elements of aesthetic design, provide air flow to the user's head1102, enhance aerodynamic properties of the helmet1100a, or may be adapted or provide other functions. For example, one or more vents can be provided on the base portion1105afor cooling and/or removal of moist air. As another example, a base portion1105amay be comprised of multiple depressions to increase aesthetic quality and provide a distinct visual appeal.

In some embodiments, the helmet1100amay further include other features such as chin straps for securing the helmet to the wearer, passive and/or active vents in the base portion1105a, a retention system for securing eyewear to the helmet1100a, a contoured front opening for receiving eyewear, additional layers on or in the base portion1105afor insulation and/or comfort, or the like. These features may be provided by one or more modules1110. For example, features may be added to the helmet1100aor existing features of the helmet1100acan be enhanced with the addition of modules1110, such as rear panels, ear pieces, visors, vents, earstem guides, goggle strap guides, or the like, that are releasably attached to the base portion1105a. In certain implementations, the modules1110can provide additional areas of energy absorption, thereby potentially decreasing the incidence of injury. In some implementations, the modules1110can provide aesthetic and functional advantages such as an improved interface between the base portion1105aand eyewear. In certain implementations, the modules1110can provide electronic capabilities such as LED lights, speakers, accelerometers, environmental sensors, physiological sensors, GPS, or the like.

In some embodiments, modules1110can be configured to be compatible with a particular base portion1105a. For example, the modules1110can have a similar aesthetic as a compatible base portion1105a. As another example, the modules1110can have a similar structure as a compatible base portion1105a, having a similar shell1107and cushioning1109construction. As another example, the modules1110can include electrical connections configured to receive power from and/or to communicate with electronics in the base portion1105a.

The modules1110can be releasably attached to the base portion1105aof the helmet1100aor to one another to accomplish any of several functions. A module1110may be releasably attached to the shell1107, the cushioning1109, or a combination of both using any suitable attachment mechanism. Suitable attachment mechanisms can be adapted to hold a module1110securely in place on the shell1107, but to intentionally release the module1110with application of sufficient force or the use of an appropriate tool, and thereafter, to optionally receive the same or different module1110, again holding it in place. The modules1110can be configured to break away, for example, under certain circumstances that correspond to a potential impact experienced by the wearer. For example, a ski helmet1100acan include modules1110that are configured to break away when the wearer falls down and slides down a slope to reduce potential injuries. The modules1110can be attached using fasteners, adhesives, or other attachment mechanisms that are designed to fail or detach under certain sheer or impact forces. Attachment mechanisms can also include channel supports adapted to attach a module1110to the base portion1105aor to another module1110. The channel support members may be semi-rigid and adapted to interlock with one another upon application of sufficient force. The channel support members are further adapted to release upon subsequent applications of sufficient force. In other embodiments, attachment mechanisms can include a slide-locking mechanism, a hook and slot mechanism, a magnetic mechanism, an adhesive, or the like. It will be appreciated that, although an exhaustive list is not included herein, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that various attachment mechanisms may be used, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the attachment mechanisms can be designed to detach under targeted or selected conditions to reduce the potential of injury to the wearer. In some embodiments, the modules1110are configured to be compatible with a particular helmet configuration. In certain embodiments, the modules1110can be configured to be compatible with a range of helmet configurations.

The helmet1100athus described provides a number of advantages. For example, modules1110may be optionally removed and replaced after severe impacts, permanent deformation, or ordinary wear and tear. Modules1110may be optionally added, removed, or replaced to extend the capabilities of the helmet1100a, such as by adding new electronic capabilities that were previously unavailable to the user. Modules1110may be changed to alter the aesthetic and functional qualities of the helmet1100a. This may be done to satisfy the user's desire for change or to enhance the interface between the helmet1100aand other pieces of equipment, such as eyewear. This modular design may improve cost efficiencies by decreasing the cost of helmet refurbishment and the frequency of helmet replacement.

Another advantage provided by the disclosed modular helmets includes the ability to break a helmet down into smaller pieces, making it easier and more space-efficient to pack the helmet. This can be beneficial, for example, when travelling or when packing the helmet from one location to another during a ski or snowboard session.

Advantageously, the modules1110can include interchangeable pieces that allow a user to swap one piece that provides particular features for another similar piece that provides one or more different features. For example, the user can replace an eyewear adapter module with a long brim with an eyewear adapter module with a shorter brim when lighting or precipitation conditions change.

As disclosed herein, components of the helmet1100a(e.g., the shell1107, the cushioning1109, modules1110) may be made of various materials and composites, including polycarbonate plastic, ABS plastic, carbon fiber, fiberglass, metals, ceramics, polystyrene foam, expanded polypropylene, vinyl nitrile foam, rubber, TPE, and thermoplastic urethane foam. Additionally, various materials may be combined to obtain attractive or desirable characteristics of existing (or as yet unknown) plastics, energy-absorbing materials, and composite materials, and may be incorporated into the helmet1100a. Although an exhaustive list of materials is not included herein, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that various conventional plastics, rubbers, and energy-absorbing materials may be used, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

As illustrated inFIGS. 11A and 11B, the base portions1105a,1105bcan be configured to provide differing coverage for a wearer's head1102. For example, the base portion1105acan cover a top portion of the wearer's head while leaving the area around the ear uncovered. Similarly, the base portion1105bcan cover the top portion of the wearer's head in addition to the area around the ear. The differing coverage can be based at least in part on the intended activity, safety regulations, aesthetics, and the like.

FIGS. 11C-11Jillustrate coverage provided by various example embodiments of base portions1105. The coverage provided by the base portions1105can conform to standards such as European Standard EN 1077:2007 Class A or Class B, ASTM F2040, SMF RS-98 or SMF S-98, or the like. In some embodiments, the base portion1105alone does not provide coverage that conforms to standards such as European Standard EN 1077:2007 Class A or Class B, ASTM F2040, SMF RS-98 or SMF S-98, or the like. In such embodiments, modules can be added to the base portion1105to provide coverage greater than or equal to the coverages specified in those standards.

Examples of the coverage provided by base portions1105will now be described with reference to geometries of selected standard headforms. For purposes of some of these examples, the geometry of the selected headforms is according to the definitions for the ‘A’, ‘C’, ‘E’, T, ‘M’, and ‘O’ headforms described in International Standards Organization (ISO) Draft Standard ISO DIS 6220-1983. However, coverage can be described relative to any other standard headform or other non-standard headforms. As illustrated inFIGS. 11C-11J, coverage is generally described relative to a basic plane that corresponds to the anatomical plane that includes the auditory meatuses and the inferior orbital rims. The longitudinal or midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the basic plane and is the plane of symmetry dividing the right half of the headform from the left. The transverse or coronal plane is perpendicular to both the longitudinal and basic planes. It corresponds to the anatomical plane that contains the two auditory meatuses and divides the front from the rear portions of the head. The reference plane is parallel to the basic plane and lies above it at a distance determined by the size of the headform: 24 mm, 26 mm, 27.5 mm, 29 mm and 30 mm for the ‘A’ through ‘O’ headforms respectively.

For ease of description, additional planes can be defined. The S0plane is parallel to the basic plane and lies above it at a distance determined by the size of the headform: 46.8 mm, 50 mm, 53 mm, 55.2 mm and 57.2 mm for the ‘A’ through ‘O’ headforms respectively. The S3plane is parallel to the S0plane and the basic plane and lies between them at a distance of 26.1 mm, 28.2 mm, 30 mm, 31.5 mm and 32.2 mm below the S0plane for the ‘A’ through ‘O’ headforms respectively. The S4plane is also parallel to the S0plane and lies below it a distance of 52.2 mm, 56.4 mm, 60 mm, 63 mm and 64.5 mm for the ‘A’ through ‘O’ headforms respectively. The rear plane divides the rear third of the head from the front two thirds. It is parallel to the coronal plane and lies at a given distance behind the point where the reference plane and longitudinal planes intersect with the front surface of the headform. The distance from this point, hereafter called the reference point, is determined by the size of the headform: 128.6 mm, 139 mm, 148.4 mm, 155.8 mm and 161.5 mm for the ‘A’ through ‘O’ headforms respectively. The fore plane is also parallel to the coronal plane. It lies behind the reference point at a distance determined by the size of the headform: 39 mm, 42.2 mm, 45.2 mm, 47.4 mm and 49.2 mm for the ‘A’ through ‘O’ headforms respectively.

In the example illustrated inFIG. 11C, a base portion1105includes the entire region above the S0plane and forward of the fore plane, the entire region above the S3plane and between the fore and rear planes, and the entire region above the S4plane and behind the rear plane. In the example illustrated inFIG. 11D, the base portion1105includes the entire region above a line 50 mm above the basic plane and forward of the fore plane, the entire region above a line 25 mm above the basic plane and between the fore and rear planes, and the entire region above the basic plane and behind the rear plane (where the measurements are provided for the T head form). In the example illustrated inFIG. 11E, the base portion1105includes the entire region above a plane about 42 mm above the basic plane and behind a plane about 30 mm in front of the coronal plane, and the entire region above a plane that starts at about 30 mm in front of the coronal plane and about 42 mm above the basic plane and ascends to the reference point at a point about 62 mm above the basic plane. In the example illustrated inFIG. 11F, the base portion1105includes the entire region above a plane that starts at about 42 mm above the basic plane at the rear of the head form and extends to a point about 16 mm below the basic plane at a point that is about 26 mm behind the coronal plane, the entire region above the plane extending from about 26 mm behind the coronal plane to about 26 mm in front of the coronal plane and about 16 mm below the basic plane, the entire region above a plane starting at about 26 mm in front of the coronal plane and about 16 mm below the basic plane and extending to a point about 30 mm in front of the coronal plane and about 42 mm above the basic plane, and the entire region above a plane that starts at about 30 mm in front of the coronal plane and about 42 mm above the basic plane and ascends to the reference point at a point about 62 mm above the basic plane.

FIGS. 11G-11Jillustrate other non-limiting examples of coverage provided by the base portion1105. In some embodiments, the base portion1105can cover a region behind the coronal plane, in front of the coronal plane, or covering regions both in front of and behind the coronal plane. The base portion1105need not be symmetrical about the coronal plane, the midsagittal plane, or any other reference plane. In some embodiments, the base portion1105can cover at least the region above the S0plane and behind the fore plane, behind the coronal plane, in front of the coronal plane, and/or in front of the rear plane. In certain embodiments, the base portion1105can cover at least the entire region behind at least one of the fore plane, the coronal plane, or the rear plane and at least 100 mm above the reference plane, at least 75 mm above the reference plane, at least 50 mm above the reference plane, at least 25 mm above the reference plane, or above the reference plane. In certain embodiments, the base portion1105can cover regions as described relative to vertical planes, such as and without limitation, behind the fore plane, behind the coronal plane, behind the rear plane, in front of the fore plane, in front of the coronal plane, in front of the rear plane, between the coronal plane and the fore plane, between the rear plane and the coronal plane, or between the rear and fore planes. In certain embodiments, the base portion1105can cover regions as described relative to horizontal planes in combination with vertical planes, such as and without limitation, above the S0plane, above the reference plane, above the S3plane, above the basic plane, above the S4plane wherein each of the horizontal reference plane coverages can be combined with any of the vertical plane coverages described herein to form a particular, targeted, or desired coverage for the base portion1105.

Example Helmet with an Adjustable Eyewear Adapter Module

FIG. 13illustrates an example helmet1300having a base portion1305and an eyewear adapter module1310configured to attach to the base portion1305and to be tailored to eyewear320, such as goggles, sunglasses, glasses, or other such eyewear. The eyewear adapter module1310is further configured to be adjustable after being attached to the base portion1305. For example, the eyewear adapter module1310can be configured to be adjusted by sliding the eyewear adapter module1310down from the base portion1305towards the eyewear1320. This advantageously allows the eyewear adapter module1310to interface more closely with the eyewear1320.

Due at least in part to differences between users' heads and faces, the same eyewear would be positioned differently on the face of each user. The eyewear may be higher or lower on the head, for example. In addition, the positioning of a helmet on a head of the wearer will differ between different wearers. In some instances, a gap1304between the helmet1300and the eyewear1320can be at least about 0.25 inches and/or less than or equal to about 2 inches, at least about 0.5 inches and/or less than or equal to about 1.5 inches, or at least about 0.75 inches and/or less than or equal to about 1 inch. Even with the eyewear adapter module1310, the gap1304may still persist for some users. Accordingly, even though the eyewear adapter module1310is tailored to the eyewear1320, there may still be an undesirably large gap or space1304between the eyewear adapter module1310and the base portion1305of the helmet1300when worn by some users. The adjustable eyewear adapter module1310allows the user to adjust the position of the eyewear adapter module1310so that it can be positioned adjacent to the eyewear1320. For example, the eyewear adapter module1310can be adjusted to reduce the gap1304between a bottom portion1312of the eyewear adapter module1310and a majority of a top portion1322of the eyewear1320to be less than or equal to about 0.5 inches, to be less than or equal to about 0.25 inches, to be less than or equal to about 0.125 inches, or to be in contact with one another.

As described herein, the eyewear adapter module1310can be positioned so that an interface between the eyewear adapter module1310and the eyewear1320provides one or more advantages. For example, a bottom portion1312of the eyewear adapter module1310can be adjusted until it contacts a majority of a top portion1322of the eyewear1320. The bottom portion1312of the eyewear adapter module1310can be a surface of the eyewear adapter module1310. The eyewear adapter module1310can be plastic, metal, rubber, TPE, foam, a combination of these or some other materials that are displaceable, compressible, and/or deflectable. In particular, the bottom surface1312can be displaceable, compressible, and/or deflectable to facilitate contact between a majority of the bottom surface1312and a majority of the top surface1322of the eyewear1320. The bottom surface1312can include securing mechanisms such as adhesives, loop-and-hook material, snaps, magnets, or the like so that the eyewear adapter module1310remains substantially attached to the eyewear1320during use. The top portion1322of the eyewear1320can similarly be a rigid edge or surface of the eyewear1320or it can include foam, rubber, plastic, TPE, or the like as well. The eyewear120can be configured to include securing mechanisms such as adhesives, hook-and-loop material, snaps, magnets, or the like that are compatible with the eyewear adapter module1310to help secure the eyewear adapter module1310in position against the eyewear1320.

In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter module1310includes a locking mechanism that secures the eyewear adapter module1310substantially in place relative to the base portion1305. For example, a friction-based locking device can be engaged to increase the friction between the eyewear adapter module1310and the base portion1305so that it becomes more difficult to move the eyewear adapter module1310. As another example, a ratchet locking device can be engaged to lock the eyewear adapter module1310in place. As another example, a locking device can be used to limit movement of the eyewear adapter module1310to a certain point (e.g., in the upward or downward direction), allowing a limited range of movement of the eyewear adapter module1310when the locking device is engaged. In certain embodiments, the eyewear adapter module1310can be adjusted, locked, and unlocked without the use of tools (e.g., by hand).

FIG. 14illustrates another example of an adjustable eyewear adapter module1410attached to a base portion1405of a helmet1400. The adjustable eyewear adapter module1410can slide down to engage with eyewear1420to close a gap between the eyewear1420and the base portion1405. This sliding eyewear adapter module1410can be configured to adjust to multiple eyewear sizes and heights, allowing for a more generic eyewear adapter module1410that is not necessarily tailored to particular eyewear, but can be generic to more general eyewear designs. In addition, foam, rubber, TPE or other similar displaceable, compressible, and/or deflectable material can be included on the eyewear adapter module1410so that the material can contact the eyewear1420and close gaps between the eyewear adapter module1410and the eyewear1420that may arise due at least in part to differing surface contours.

FIG. 15Aillustrates an example of a helmet1500ahaving a base portion1505aand an eyewear adapter module1510aconfigured to securely attach to the base portion1505awithout the use of tools. The eyewear adapter module1510acan be configured to snap into the base portion1505athrough corresponding mechanical features on the eyewear adapter module1510aand the base portion1505a. For example, the eyewear adapter module1510acan have hooks1511on the sides of the module that are configured to snap securely into corresponding divots or apertures1501on the base portion1505a. In addition, the top of the eyewear adapter module1510acan include a lip feature1513configured to seat into a channel or other similar feature on the base portion1505a. To attach the eyewear adapter module1510ato the base portion1505a, a user can seat the lip feature1513into the channel on the base portion1505aand then rotate the eyewear adapter module1510auntil the hooks1511snap into the apertures1501on the base portion1505a. To remove the eyewear adapter module1510a, force can be applied to the eyewear adapter module1510ato rotate the sides of the module up and away from the base portion1505a.

The eyewear adapter module1510acan be configured to be tailored to the eyewear1520aand the helmet1500a. To accommodate different users, a range of sizes of eyewear adapter module1510acan be created for a particular helmet1500aand eyewear1520acombination. This can allow different users to use the eyewear adapter module1510awith the particular helmet1500aand eyewear1520acombination even where the fit of each would differ for different users. For example, a user may buy a helmet1500aand eyewear1520aand then try on a number of different eyewear adapter modules1510ato find the eyewear adapter module1510athat provides the best fit, look, and/or feel. This may advantageously allow a user to use a suitable eyewear adapter module1510awithout having to adjust the position of the eyewear adapter module1510a. This may advantageously allow the eyewear adapter module1510ato be non-adjustable or to have a limited range of adjustments available, potentially reducing costs and complexity associated with manufacturing the eyewear adapter module1510a. Thus, the user can select an appropriate eyewear adapter module1510ato maintain a desirable relationship between the helmet1500aand the eyewear1520a(e.g., by reducing or eliminating a gap between them) without adjusting a position of the eyewear adapter module1510a.

FIG. 15Billustrates an example of a modular helmet1500bhaving an eyewear adapter module1510bconfigured to secure eyewear1520bin place without the use of a strap or earstems on the eyewear. For example, the earstems (or parts of the earstems) or straps can be removed from the eyewear1520b. The eyewear1520bcan be attached to the eyewear adapter module1510bthrough any suitable attachment means. The combined eyewear adapter module1510band eyewear1520bcan then be attached to the base portion1505b. This can advantageously provide a pleasing aesthetic, reduce eyewear slippage during use, and allow a wearer to only adjust the combined eyewear adapter module and eyewear rather than each independently.

Alternatively, the illustrated eyewear adapter module1510bcan be used with eyewear1520bwith earstems or straps. For example, the eyewear adapter module1510bcan be configured to attach to the eyewear1520bwherein the combined eyewear adapter module1510band eyewear1520bcan be worn with the helmet1500busing the eyewear earstems or strap to secure the combined adapter1510band eyewear1520bon the head of the wearer rather than attaching the eyewear adapter module1510bto the base portion1505b. This can advantageously reduce the forces imposed on the bridge of the nose of the wearer that may arise from a fixed brim on a helmet as well as ensure that the eyewear adapter module and eyewear are close to one another during use, reducing tendencies for eyewear and a helmet to separate during use due to helmet posterior creep.

FIG. 16illustrates an example of an eyewear adapter module1610configured to provide venting for eyewear1620as used with a helmet1600. The eyewear adapter module1610can be tailored for use with the eyewear1620to provide venting for the eyewear through the use of apertures1616in the eyewear adapter module1610. The apertures1616can be configured to provide desirable or tailored air flow to reduce condensation or fogging in the eyewear1620. The apertures1616can be configured to provide air flow to provide cooling for the wearer. For example, the apertures1616can be configured to generate a Venturi flow that generates a flow of air in the eyewear1620to assist in the removal of damp, warm air. Accordingly, the eyewear adapter module1610can be tailored for use with the eyewear1620to reduce or eliminate gaps between the eyewear1620and the helmet1600as well as provide tailored functionality for the helmet and eyewear combination, such as venting.

The eyewear adapter module1610can be configured to secure to an external surface of the base portion1605, covering a substantial fraction of the base portion1605. The eyewear adapter module1610can be configured to rotate around a pivot point to rotate into position relative to the eyewear1620. Thus, the movement and positioning of the eyewear adapter module1610can be similar to a face shield of other helmets, except that the eyewear adapter module1610is configured to be a non-optical component and/or the eyewear adapter module1610is configured to not cross a line of sight of the wearer.

FIGS. 17A and 17Billustrate examples of adjusting mechanisms for an eyewear adapter module1710a,1710battached to a base portion1705of a helmet1700. As illustrated inFIG. 17A, the eyewear adapter module1710acan be attached to the base portion1705at least at a pivot point1717. The eyewear adapter module1710acan thus be configured to pivot around the pivot point to allow a position of the module to be adjusted. This can be used to adjust a position of the eyewear adapter module1710ato reduce or eliminate a gap between the helmet and eyewear (not shown). The range of motion of the eyewear adapter module1710acan be limited so that the eyewear adapter module1710adoes not cross a line of sight of the wearer in use. The eyewear adapter module1710acan be configured to be a non-optical component. For example, the eyewear adapter module1710acan be opaque.

FIG. 17Billustrates the eyewear adapter module1710bthat can be attached to the base portion1705and adjusted by translating the eyewear adapter module1710b. Translation of the eyewear adapter module1710bcan be along a substantially straight line, along a curve, and/or along a curve that substantially matches a curve of the base portion1705. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter module1710bis deformable and can be slid into position. The eyewear adapter module1710bcan have a limited range of motion similar to the range of motion of the eyewear adapter module1710a. Similarly, the eyewear adapter module1710bcan be a non-optical component like some embodiments of the eyewear adapter module1710a.

FIG. 17Cillustrates a helmet1700having a base portion1705and an eyewear adapter module1710c. The eyewear adapter module1710cincludes biasing elements1711cconfigured to preferentially position the eyewear adapter module1710cin a particular position. For example, a forward biasing element can be used to preferentially position the eyewear adapter module1710cdownward from the base portion1705, towards eyewear. In such a configuration, the wearer can put the eyewear on and the biasing elements1711ccan apply a downward force on the eyewear adapter module1710cto position the module1710cagainst the eyewear. This can be done to maintain contact between the eyewear adapter module1710cand the eyewear during use and/or to facilitate positioning of the eyewear adapter module1710cwhen putting on the eyewear. For example, during use the helmet1700may tend to slide backward on the wearer and the biasing elements1711ccan adjust a position of the eyewear adapter module1710cto maintain contact or a small gap between the eyewear adapter module1710cand the eyewear. In some embodiments, the force of the forward biasing element1711cis sufficiently small so as to not impart pressure onto the eyewear that is noticeable or uncomfortable for the wearer. In certain embodiments, the force of the forward biasing element1711cis configured to allow movement of the eyewear adapter module1710cduring use with no significant pressure imparted onto the eyewear. In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter module1710cincludes a locking mechanism that can lock the eyewear adapter module1710cin place after being positioned by the wearer, wherein the locking mechanism can resist the forces of the biasing elements1711cto maintain the eyewear adapter module1710cin place during use. This can advantageously reduce downward pressure on the eyewear that may be uncomfortable for the user. In some embodiments, a backward biasing element1711ccan be used to preferentially position the eyewear adapter module1710ctowards the base portion1705. When the user puts on eyewear, the user can then apply force to slide the eyewear adapter module1710cdownward to a desirable position (e.g., in contact with the eyewear). A locking mechanism may then be engaged to secure the eyewear adapter module1710cin place. In some embodiments, the locking mechanism may be engaged and released without the use of tools (e.g., using one hand). In some embodiments, the eyewear adapter module1710cis advanceable through a range of positions. For example, the eyewear adapter module1710ccan include a ratchet mechanism that allows a user to adjust a position of the eyewear adapter module1710cand to lock the module in place.

FIG. 17Dillustrates another example embodiment of the helmet1700with biasing elements1711d, similar to the example helmet described with reference toFIG. 17C. In addition to the biasing elements, the eyewear1720and/or the eyewear adapter module1710dcan be configured to include elements that provide an attractive force toward one another or a material that resists movement of the eyewear1720and adapter1710dapart. For example, magnets can be placed on the eyewear1720dand/or the adapter1710dto generate an attractive force between them. Similarly, an adhesive, straps, latches, hook-and-loop material, or other similar material can be applied on one or both of the eyewear1720dand adapter1710dto secure each to the other. This can advantageously allow the adapter1710dand eyewear1720to move during use while remaining close to one another. This may also advantageously reduce pressures on the wearer's nose that may arise from the combination of the eyewear1720and helmet1700sliding forward.

FIG. 17Eillustrates an eyewear adapter module with a bridge portion1714eand a brim portion1716e. The bridge portion1714ecan be a soft, pliable, or displaceable material such as silicone, rubber, or the like while the brim portion1716ecan be a hard material such as plastic, metal, or the like. Alternatively, the brim portion1716ecan be a soft, pliable, or displaceable material such as silicone, rubber, or the like while the bridge portion1714ecan be a hard material such as plastic, metal, or the like. By combining rigid or hard materials and displaceable or soft materials in the eyewear adapter module1710e, the module can be configured to automatically adjust to movement of the base portion1705, eyewear, or a combination of both while maintaining a targeted or desired separation between the adapter1710eand the eyewear. This advantageously reduces the necessity of manually adjusting the eyewear and/or module1710eto maintain the desired or targeted spacing between the eyewear and the helmet1700.

FIG. 17Fillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710fthat is configured to be able to be unlocked and locked by respectively pulling the module1710foutward or pressing the module1710finward. When unlocked, the eyewear adapter module1710fcan be rotated, slid, or otherwise moved relative to the base portion1705. When locked, the eyewear adapter module1710fcan resist movement, staying substantially stationary relative to the base portion1705. This advantageously provides the ability to adjust the module1710fto account for movement of the eyewear, helmet1700, different users, different circumstances, or the like. This can also advantageously allow a wearer adjust the module1710fand lock it in place so that the adjustment can remain fixed during multiple uses.

FIG. 17Gillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710gwith telescoping components so that the components can adjust to the position of the eyewear. In some embodiments, the base portion1705includes telescoping components to adjust how the base portion1705fits on the wearer's head. This can also allow a user to adjust the relative positions of the eyewear and adapter module1710g. In some embodiments, the telescoping components can be biased downward to apply a small but persistent pressure on the eyewear. In some embodiments, gravity is used to bias the telescoping components of the module1710gdownward. This can advantageously reduce the pressure on the nose of the wearer and discomfort associated with this pressure.

FIG. 17Hillustrates a base portion that includes an adjuster knob1708that moves the eyewear adapter module1710h. The adjuster knob1708can be configured to lock in place or have sufficient friction so that after the eyewear adapter module1710his moved into position, the adapter remains substantially fixed in place.

FIG. 17Iillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710ithat includes a plurality of leaves and gears that cause the leaves to rotate to provide a configurable contour for the module1710i. The leaves can be rotated using accessible knobs or other elements. The leaves may be allowed to rotate freely, with sufficient friction to resist movement caused by small forces. In some embodiments, the gears provide sufficient friction to resist movement of the leaves that is not deliberate or caused by the wearer (e.g., it reduces or eliminates movement caused by incidental forces or accelerations).

FIG. 17Jillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710jcomprising a plurality of teeth attached to biasing elements. The teeth can be biased downward so that when the wearer puts on eyewear the teeth adjust to substantially match the contour of the eyewear.

FIG. 17Killustrates an eyewear adapter module1710kcomprising an inflatable pouch that can be used to adjust the eyewear adapter module1710k. For example, increasing air pressure in the inflatable pouch pushes a brim or curtain of the eyewear adapter module1710kdown to be near or contact eyewear.

FIG. 17Lillustrates an eyewear adapter module17101comprising low-density foam. The low-density foam can be configured to compress when eyewear is worn so that the eyewear adapter module1710kmaintains contact with the eyewear during use.

FIG. 17Millustrates an eyewear adapter module1710mhaving multiple joints that allow for automatic adjustment of the eyewear adapter module1710m. The joints can flex or allow other such movement to allow a brim or other portion of the eyewear adapter module1710mto move during use and/or to be adjusted by a user.

FIG. 17Nillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710nhaving an over-center latch system1709n(e.g., a ski boot style latch system) with an over-center latch and an over-center latch receiver. The base portion1705includes an adjustment mechanism1708nthat includes teeth that mate with teeth on an adjustment mechanism1711nof the eyewear adapter module1710n. The teeth can be used to adjust a position of the eyewear adapter module1710nrelative to the base portion1705. The latch system1709ncan be used to secure the eyewear adapter module1710nin place. This advantageously allows a user to finely position the eyewear adapter module1710nand lock the eyewear adapter module1710nin place.

FIG. 17Oillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710ohaving an adjustment mechanism17110comprising, for example, a dial and a set screw. The dial causes adjustment of the set screw. The eyewear adapter module1710omoves in response to changes in position of the set screw. This advantageously allows a user to finely position the eyewear adapter module1710n.

FIG. 7Pillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710pthat is adjustable using pinch pads1711pfor movement of the eyewear adapter module1710pwithin resistance slide channels1708p. For example, the user can pinch the pinch pads1711pby squeezing the bottom of the eyewear and the top of the pinch pads1711p. In response, the eyewear adapter module1710pcan slide downward within the resistance slider channels1708puntil a desirable or targeted position is achieved. This can advantageously allow a simple method for adjustment of the eyewear adapter module1710pwithout the use of tools. This adjustment mechanism may also advantageously be easily manipulated while using gloves.

FIG. 17Qillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710qsimilar to the eyewear adapter module1710odescribed with reference toFIG. 17O. The eyewear adapter module1710qis configured to move in response to manipulation of adjustment mechanism1708qon the base portion1705(e.g., adjustment of a set screw with a knob). In addition, one or more of the eyewear adapter module1710qand the eyewear can include magnets1711q,1721qto bias the eyewear adapter module1710qand the eyewear toward one another and/or to resist separation. Similarly, other attachment methods can be used to resist separation of the eyewear and the eyewear adapter module1710q, as described elsewhere herein.

FIG. 17Rillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710rhaving reverse polarity magnets to create a floating eyewear adapter module1710r. This can advantageously allow the eyewear adapter module1710rto preferentially rest against a top of eyewear. The magnets1711rcan be attached to the eyewear adapter module1710rand/or the base portion1705.

FIG. 17Sillustrates an eyewear adapter module1710sthat is adjustable by interaction of a lip portion1711sof the eyewear adapter module1710swith teeth of an adjustment mechanism1708son the base portion1705. The adjustment mechanism1708sincludes a plurality of teeth into which the lip portion1711scan seat to substantially secure the eyewear adapter module1710sin place. To adjust the position of the eyewear adapter module1710s, the eyewear adapter module1710can be rotated away from the base portion1705while applying upward or downward force. To secure the eyewear adapter module1710sinto a selected position, the eyewear adapter module1710sis rotated back toward the base portion1705so that the lip portion1711sseats within the teeth of the adjustment mechanism1708s.

FIG. 17Tillustrates an eyewear adapter module710thaving a brim or overhang portion1711configured to be positioned in front of the eyewear1720. In some embodiments, the overhang portion1711is configured to not contact the eyewear1720. In some embodiments, the overhang portion1711is made of a displaceable material so that it can contact the eyewear1720without causing a relatively large force on the eyewear1720. This can advantageously allow for a pleasing aesthetic appearance and provide little or no visible gap between the eyewear adapter module1710tand the eyewear1720.

Attachment Mechanisms for Securing an Eyewear Adapter Module to a Helmet

FIGS. 18-34provide examples of mechanisms for attaching an eyewear adapter module to a base portion of a helmet. It is to be understood that the mechanisms described herein for attaching eyewear adapter modules to a base portion of a helmet apply to other modules described herein that can be attached to the base portion. In addition, similar attachment mechanisms can be used to attach modules to one another. For example and without limitation, attachment or securing mechanisms can include connectors and/or mating connectors such as a detent, ball and socket, a key and slot, zippers, sliderless zippers, or any other suitable connecting feature or mechanism.

FIG. 18illustrates an example base portion1805of a helmet1800, the base portion including a shell1807. An eyewear adapter module1810can be attached to the base portion1805through features1811that extend from the back of the eyewear adapter module1810and that mate with receptacles1808on the shell1807. The features1811can be deformable and/or the receptacles1808can be deformable. The receptacles1808can be shaped like a keyhole to allow the features1811to pass through the narrow portion of the keyhole and be secured within the larger portion of the keyhole. This can allow for a secure attachment that can be installed and removed with the application of force in the appropriate direction.

FIG. 19illustrates an example base portion1905of a helmet1900wherein the base portion includes a shell1907and foam1909. The shell1907and/or foam1909can include material on a surface1908of the base portion1905, the material configured to provide semi-permanent or releasable attachment materials such as adhesives or hook-and-loop fastener material. A corresponding eyewear adapter module1910can then be secured in place against the helmet1900using the attachment materials (e.g., adhesives or hook-and-loop material), by abutting a surface1911of the eyewear adapter module1910against the surface1908. A suitable downward force can be used to disengage the surfaces1908,1911for removal of the eyewear adapter module1910.

FIG. 20illustrates a helmet2000having a base portion2005with a shell2007and foam2009, the shell2007having a molded edge2008. An eyewear adapter module2010includes a lip2011configured to mate with the molded edge2008of the shell2007. The eyewear adapter module2010can be attached by sliding the eyewear adapter module2010up so that the lip2011overlaps the molded edge2008and a back wall2013of the eyewear adapter module2010is seated between the foam2009and the shell2007. Similarly, applying a suitable downward force can disengage the eyewear adapter module lip2011from the molded edge2008, allowing for removal of the eyewear adapter module2010.

FIG. 21illustrates a helmet2100having a roll and hook fastening mechanism on the base portion2105to attach an eyewear adapter module2110. The base portion2105includes a roll2108configured to extend from the base portion2105so that a corresponding hook2111on the eyewear adapter module2110can latch onto the roll2108. The roll2108can be located on corresponding sides of the base portion2105so that when the hooks2111of the eyewear adapter module2110are attached to the rolls2108of the base portion2105, the eyewear adapter module2110can rotate down. The eyewear adapter module2110can be configured to be secured in place with a snap or latch2106on the base portion2105. For example, when the eyewear adapter module2110rotates down to a particular point relative to the base portion2105, the snap2106engages with a surface of the eyewear adapter module2110to secure it in place. Similarly, rotating the eyewear adapter module2110up with suitable force can disengage the snap2106, allowing for removal of the eyewear adapter module2110.

FIG. 22illustrates a helmet2200having a base portion2205with a track2208configured to receive an eyewear adapter module2210. An edge of the eyewear adapter module2210can be seated within the track2208to secure the eyewear adapter module2210in place. To remove the eyewear adapter module2210, the eyewear adapter module2210can be pulled from the base portion2205until the eyewear adapter module2210is released from the track2208.

FIG. 23illustrates a helmet2300with a twist lock mechanism for securing an eyewear adapter module2300to a base portion2305. The base portion2305can include a knob2306having a latch2308for receiving a corresponding latch2311on the eyewear adapter module2310. The eyewear adapter module2310can be flexible to allow for the eyewear adapter module latches2311to be seated onto the base portion latches2308. Once attached, the knob2306can be rotated to advance and lock the eyewear adapter module2310into place. Similarly, rotating the knob2306in the other direction can be used to disengage and remove the eyewear adapter module2310.

FIG. 24illustrates a helmet2400having a base portion2405with buckle hooks2408for attaching an eyewear adapter module2410having buckles2411. This mechanism is similar to buckles on ski boots. For example, the eyewear adapter module2410can be placed in position and the buckles2411can be seated into a suitable buckle hook2408on the base portion2405. The buckles2411can be rotated to secure the eyewear adapter module2410into place pulling the eyewear adapter module2410against the base portion2405. Undoing the buckles2411by rotating them in the opposite direction will remove the pressure between the eyewear adapter module2410and the base portion2405, allowing for removal of the eyewear adapter module.

FIG. 25illustrates a helmet2500comprising a base portion2505with a plurality of holes2508. An eyewear adapter module2510can include pliable material2511to secure the eyewear adapter module2510against the base portion2505by tying or otherwise securing the pliable material through the holes2508. For example, the pliable material2511can include zip ties or laces that can be used to secure the eyewear adapter module2510to the base portion2505.

FIG. 26illustrates a helmet2600having a base portion2605with a plurality of dove-tail protrusions2608on a front surface. An eyewear adapter module2610can include complementary dove-tail recessions2611that mate with the dove-tail protrusions2608. By applying suitable force upward, the dove-tail protrusions2608can be seated within the dove-tail recessions2611and secure the eyewear adapter module2610in place. In some implementations, the fit between the protrusions and receptacles is such that friction secures the eyewear adapter module2610in place. In certain implementations, an additional locking mechanism can be used to secure the eyewear adapter module2610in place.

FIG. 27illustrates an attachment mechanism configured to secure an eyewear adapter module2710to a base portion2705of a helmet2700. The base portion2705can include an anchor point2732configured to secure one end of a wire2734. The wire2734can be configured to be weaved or interleaved between support points2708on the base portion2705and protrusions2711on the eyewear adapter module2710. When the wire2734is pulled, the force causes the eyewear adapter module2710to be forced adjacent to the base portion2705, securing the eyewear adapter module2710in place. To remove, the wire2734can be loosened, allowing the eyewear adapter module2710to be removed from the base portion2705. For example, a knob can be used to engage the wire2734and turning the knob can pull the wire2734to tighten the wire2734. To loosen, the knob can be pulled to disengage the wire2734.

FIG. 28illustrates a helmet2800having a base portion2805with a dove-tail recession2808molded into an edge of the base portion2805. An eyewear adapter module2810can include a complementary dove-tail protrusion2811that mates with the dove-tail recession2808. The dove-tail recession2808can run along a lower surface of the base portion2805, above the eyes of a wearer. By applying suitable force, the dove-tail protrusion2811can be fed into the dove-tail recession2808. The eyewear adapter module2810can be secured in place by sliding the flexible eyewear adapter module2810around until fully seated on the base portion2805. In some implementations, the fit between the protrusions and receptacles is such that friction secures the eyewear adapter module2810in place. In certain implementations, an additional locking mechanism can be used to secure the eyewear adapter module2810in place.

FIG. 29illustrates a helmet2900having a base portion2905with a plurality of apertures2908configured to receive a plurality of corresponding protrusions2911of an eyewear adapter module2910. The eyewear adapter module2910can additionally include a bottom lip2913configured to mate with a bottom surface of the base portion2905. By placing the bottom lip2913so that it mates with the bottom surface of the base portion2905, the eyewear adapter module2910can then be rotated upwards to seat the protrusions2911within corresponding apertures2908. The configuration of the protrusions2911, apertures2908, and bottom lip2913can be such that the eyewear adapter module2910is secured in place when the protrusions are seated within the apertures2908. Removal of the eyewear adapter module2910can be accomplished through suitable force applied to rotate the eyewear adapter module2910downward.

FIG. 30illustrates a helmet3000having a base portion3005with a recession3008molded into an edge of the base portion3005. An eyewear adapter module3010can include a complementary protrusion3011that mates with the recession3008. The eyewear adapter module3010can be installed by seating the protrusion3011within the recession3008. The eyewear adapter module3010can be locked into place using a suitable fastener3006, such as a quarter-turn fastener (e.g., a DZUS® fastener). The eyewear adapter module3010can include a suitable aperture3013configured to allow the fastener3006to rotate into and out of a secured, fastened position. Removal of the eyewear adapter module3010can be accomplished by removing or loosening the fastener.

FIG. 31illustrates a helmet3100having a base portion3105with a plurality of plug areas3108. An eyewear adapter module3110can be configured to be attached to the base portion by inserting a portion of the eyewear adapter module3110into the plug areas3108and inserting a plurality of plugs3106through corresponding plug areas3108and through corresponding holes3111in the eyewear adapter module3110. The plugs3106can be inserted from the interior of the helmet3100towards the exterior, or from the exterior of the helmet3100towards the interior. Removal of the eyewear adapter module3110can be accomplished by removing the plurality of plugs3106.

FIG. 32illustrates a helmet3200having a base portion3205configured to receive an eyewear adapter module3210. The base portion3205and eyewear adapter module3210include corresponding mechanical features at the front of the helmet3200that allow the eyewear adapter module3010and the base portion to interlock. The eyewear adapter module3210includes a lip3211configured to be compatible with a lip3208on the base portion3205. The eyewear adapter module3210can be rotated to engage the eyewear adapter module lip3211and the base portion lip3208. In addition, securing attachments3213on the eyewear adapter module3210can rotate into and through corresponding securing apertures in the base portion3205. The securing attachments3213can be configured to deform when sliding through the securing apertures and return to their size after being pushed through the apertures to secure the eyewear adapter module3210in place. To remove the eyewear adapter module3210, the eyewear adapter module3210can be rotated up and away from the base portion3205while putting inward pressure in the securing attachments3213to allow them to deform for passage through the securing apertures.

FIG. 33illustrates a helmet3300having a plurality of rotating fasteners3308with hooks3306on a base portion3305. An eyewear adapter module3310includes a plurality of corresponding latches3311configured to receive the hooks3306. When the hooks3306are engaged on the latches3311, the rotating fasteners3308can be rotated to close the gap between the eyewear adapter module3310and the base portion3305and to secure the eyewear adapter module3310to the base portion3305. Removal of the eyewear adapter module3310can be accomplished by rotating the rotating fasteners in the opposite direction and disengaging the hooks3306and the latches3311.

FIG. 34illustrates a helmet3400having a base portion3405with a plurality of holes3408. An eyewear adapter module3410can include a plurality of Christmas tree fasteners3411aligned with the plurality of holes3408when installed. The fasteners3411can be installed in corresponding receptacles3413on the eyewear adapter module3410. To install the eyewear adapter module3410, the eyewear adapter module3410is advanced toward the base portion3405until the fasteners3411pass through the corresponding holes3408to secure the eyewear adapter module3410in place. Suitable force pulling the eyewear adapter module3410away from the base portion3405can be applied for removal.

FIG. 35illustrates a helmet3500having clip receptacles3508on the base portion3505to receive complementary clips3511on eyewear adapter module3510. The eyewear adapter module3510can be flexible to allow it to be opened and closed for installation and removal. The clips3511can be c-clips that allow easy installation and removal in concert with the receptacles3508.FIG. 36illustrates a helmet3600having hook attachments3608on the base portion3605to receive hooks3611on an eyewear adapter module3610. The eyewear adapter module3610can be made of a flexible material to allow compression. The hooks3611can be configured to attach on the inside of the base portion3605in multiple positions. Both the eyewear adapter module3510and the eyewear adapter module3610can be configured to be removed and installed in a variety of positions, allowing the user to adjust the position of the eyewear adapter module3510,3610.

Example Mechanical Modules for a Helmet with Modular Components

FIGS. 37A-38illustrate mechanical modules that can be attached to helmets with modular components.FIGS. 37A-Billustrates interchangeable features that can be added to a helmet3700a,3700b. For example, an eyewear adapter module3710aand a goggle strap rear guide module3710bcan be attached to the base portion3705to form the helmet3700a. As another example, an eyewear adapter module3710cand a goggle strap slot module3710dcan be added to the base portion3705to form helmet3700b. In certain implementations, the goggle strap slot module3710dcan be hinged to allow rotation between one or more positions, snapped onto the base portion3705, and/or can be configured to break away under suitable pressure. Other modules can include air venting modules3710e, where the air venting modules3710eare interchangeable to accommodate different conditions. Other ornamental or functional elements can also be added to the modular helmet such as, for example and without limitation, ear pads, vents, rear portions, eyewear attachment points or anchors, camera mounts, lights, or the like.

FIG. 38illustrates additional examples of modular components that can be added to a modular helmet3800. For example, foam supports3810can be added and/or removed from a helmet3800. A rear portion3820aand/or side portion3820bcan be added to the helmet3800and made to pivot on the helmet3800to provide a variety of venting options. Different ear pieces3830a-ccan be added and/or removed. In some embodiments, the ear piece3830bcan cover a front portion of the helmet3800to provide aerodynamic benefits, venting benefits, and/or aesthetic qualities. A strap guide or clip3840can be added using a modular approach, as well. In addition, different layers can be added or removed, such as a shock layer3850.

Sports Helmet with Internal Gutter

FIGS. 39A-Dillustrate a helmet3900having an internal gutter3915for capturing and directing sweat or water or any other liquids away from a face of a wearer. The helmet3900includes an outer shell3905and an inner layer3910, which may include a low friction layer (e.g., a MIPS™ layer). The internal gutter3915is configured to form an inwardly curved shape with a descending or sloped wall and a catch region where one or more liquids can be channeled, directed, and/or captured. For example, as illustrated, some embodiments of the internal gutter3915can comprise a J shape in cross section with a first predominantly or generally vertical side3916in contact or adjacent to the inner layer3910, and a second predominantly or generally vertical leg3917configured to be in contact with or adjacent to the wearer's head with a channel3918between the first leg3916and the second leg3917. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the first leg3916can be longer than the second leg3917.

The helmet3900can include a fit system comprising a mechanical reel3922that changes the length of a lace3921. Any suitable fit system may be used including a reel and lace system, a ratchet system, a non-cable system that uses flexible pieces to tighten an internal headband, and the like. Examples of reel-based closure systems are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,954,204, entitled “Reel Based Closure System,” issued Jun. 7, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The lace3921includes a portion3923that lies within the channel3918of the internal gutter3915. When the mechanical reel3922cinches the lace3921, it applies an inward force that causes the shorter or inner leg3917of the internal gutter3915to remain in contact with the head of the wearer while also causing the channel of the internal gutter3915to remain open to receive and to direct liquid (e.g., sweat) away from the wearer's face. In some embodiments, the outer or first leg3916is attached to the inner layer3910and/or the shell3905so that when the force is applied on the second leg3917, the channel remains open due at least in part to the first leg3916being attached to the helmet3900. In some embodiments, the internal gutter3915is attached to the inner layer3905. In some embodiments, the internal gutter is attached to a MIPS layer, if provided. For example, in some embodiments, the internal gutter3915can be configured to include flexible hooks3914extending from the first leg3916or other mechanical fasteners and the inner layer3905can be configured to include corresponding openings3907or corresponding engagement portions in the inner layer3905, where the hooks3914can be inserted (not shown as inserted) through the openings3907to connect the internal gutter3915to the inner layer3905. In some embodiments, the internal gutter3915can be attached to the portion923of the lace921using features3919. In some embodiments, a periphery3908of the inner layer3905sits within the channel3918of the internal gutter3915. This can aid in keeping the channel3918open. In certain embodiments, the internal gutter3915may be a modular feature that can be added and removed from a helmet system. In some embodiments, the internal gutter3915is integrated with the helmet3900, the shell3910, and/or the inner layer3905.

The internal gutter3915can be made of any suitable material that is flexible and impermeable, such as silicone. The material can be configured to conform to a surface, such as a forehead of a wearer, and may create a seal against the forehead of the wearer. The internal gutter3915can be configured to direct the liquid to different parts of the wearer's head. For example, the internal gutter3915can direct liquid behind the ears of the wearer, in front of the ears, just behind the eyes of the wearer, or at the back of the head of the wearer.

The shell3905or inner layer3910can include one or more features that enhance sweat collection in the internal gutter3915. For example, the shell3905and/or inner layer3910can include a jog3906above the internal gutter3915. As liquid flows down the interior of the shell3905and/or inner layer3910, it drops from the jog3906into the internal gutter3915. Similarly, the inner layer3910can include features that facilitate sweat collection in the internal gutter3915. For example, the inner layer can include openings3911that allow sweat to drip into the gutter and/or break out moisture in the helmet3900so that it collects in the internal gutter3915.

In some embodiments, the internal gutter3915can be configured to allow movement between the shell3905and the inner layer3910. The internal gutter3915can be configured to be spaced from the jog3906to allow the shell3905to move relative to the inner layer3910without impeding the movement up to the distance between the jog3906and the first leg3916of the internal gutter3915.

Terminology

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features as applied to various embodiments, it can be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices or algorithms illustrated can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. Any structure, feature, step, or process disclosed herein in one embodiment can be used separately or combined with or used instead of any other structure, feature, step, or process disclosed in any other embodiment. Also, no structure, feature, step, or processes disclosed herein is essential or indispensable; any may be omitted in some embodiments. The scope of certain embodiments disclosed herein is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.