Yarn supply apparatus for textile machines

A yarn supply apparatus for textile machines has a yarn drum (5) carrying a storage winding (10), to which drum the yarn (8) can be supplied at a tangent via a supply guide element, and from which drum the yarn can be drawn off, extending toward the outside, at a run-off speed corresponding to the yarn supply speed, via a run-off guide element (11) located laterally beside the yarn drum (5). In order to assure constantly satisfactory supply conditions even when a yarn drum (5) that effects the advancement of the storage winding solely via the particular shaping of its circumferential surface is used, the supply guide element is in the form of a bowed element (20) having an elongated yarn opening (22), this opening being located with its lengthwise extension transverse with respect to the yarn travel direction and having its lower edge, that is, the edge nearer the yarn drum, located below the upper rim of the yarn drum (5).

The invention relates to a yarn supply apparatus for textile machines, 
having a yarn drum which carries a storage winding. 
BACKGROUND 
Yarn supplied to a yarn supply drum at a tangent via a supply guide element 
and drawn off from the drum, oriented outward, at a yarn take-off speed 
that corresponds to the yarn supply speed, via a run-off guide element 
disposed laterally beside the yarn drum. The run-off guide element is 
stationary and is disposed spaced apart from and below the lower rim of 
the yarn drum. Associated with the yarn drum are a supply yarn monitor, 
which, with a supply yarn sensor feels the supplied yarn prior to the 
supply guide element. A run-off yarn monitor, which, with a run-off 
sensor, feels the yarn as it is taken off in the vicinity of the run-off 
guide element. 
A yarn supply apparatus of this kind is known, e.g., from German Patent 
DE-PS No. 26 08 590. The supply guide element here is formed by a yarn 
eye, which is stationary on the holder carrying the yarn drum and is 
located after the yarn brake in the path of yarn travel. The supply yarn 
sensor senses the supplied yarn on the yarn travel path between the yarn 
brake and this yarn eye. The yarn eye must be located a specific minimum 
distance from the circumference of the yarn drum, in order to prevent the 
yarn from being deflected to the side too abruptly on its way from the 
yarn eye to the circumference of the yarn drum. Because of this spacing of 
the yarn eye from the yarn drum, the yarn can change its direction of 
travel to the yarn drum if the tension on the supplied yarn changes, and 
this can have an undesirable influence on the buildup of the storage 
winding on the yarn drum. 
In this known yarn supply apparatus, the storage winding formed on the yarn 
drum is compelled to advance axially on the yarn drum in a continuous 
manner by a feed device, in the form of a feed wheel driven by the yarn 
drum; in the event that yarn is not being drawn off, this prevents 
windings of the storage winding from shifting upward past the rim of the 
yarn drum. 
In yarn supply apparatuses operating without this kind of compulsory feed 
device for the storage winding, and in which a specialized, in particular 
conical, shape of the yarn drum in the vicinity of where the yarn is wound 
on assures that the storage winding will be continuously advanced axially 
as it forms, the danger exists that if the yarn run-off is interrupted, 
the storage winding will be "overrun"; that is, the newly formed windings 
of the arriving yarn will shift upward past the upper rim of the yarn 
drum. Yarn drums of this kind are described in German Patent De-PS No. 27 
43 749, German examined application DE-AS No. 17 60 738 and German Patent 
DE-PS No. 33 26 099, to name only a few examples. 
The above danger that windings of the storage winding may emerge at the top 
beyond the rim of the yarn drum also exists whenever a knitting machine 
equipped with this type of yarn supply apparatuses is blown out with a jet 
of compressed air during operation, in order to clean out fluff. If the 
compressed air jet is handled carelessly, it may shift the arriving yarn 
out beyond the upper rim of the yarn drum because the yarn supply eye is 
so far from the yarn drum. The result is that the yarn becomes wound up 
above the yarn drum. 
That eventuality, however, must absolutely be avoided. 
Another important factor in proper functioning of yarn supply apparatuses 
of the above type is how the yarn runs off the yarn drum. If there is some 
disruption in the evenness of yarn run-off, for instance because torn-off 
filaments of the yarn are wound back onto the drum from below, or because 
loops or sags form in highly twisted yarn as it runs off, causing uneven 
yarn run-off or even causing the loops to be wound back on again, then 
this affects the removal of yarn from the storage winding and hence also 
affects the arrival of the yarn being supplied. Consequently the storage 
winding may no longer be capable of advancing properly, especially in the 
case of yarn drums where the axial advancement of the storage winding is 
effected over a conical surface where the yarn arrives, or the like, 
causing the newly formed windings to build up in the area of the surface 
where the yarn arrives and finally causing the yarn to be wound up above 
the yarn drum, as feared. 
THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the invention to devise a yarn supply apparatus which 
always assures satisfactory supply, even if the yarn drum that is used 
effects the advancement of the storage winding solely by means of the 
specialized form of its circumferential surface, which is distinguished by 
the multiplicity of its possible applications; and which makes it possible 
even to supply yarns that are difficult to work with without requiring 
major conversions. 
Briefly, the yarn supply guide element is in the form of a bowed element 
having an elongated yarn opening disposed with its lengthwise extension 
transverse to the direction of yarn travel; the bowed element is located 
with its edge nearer the yarn drum below the upper rim of the yarn drum. 
The yarn supply guide element, with its elongated yarn opening, functions 
like a lateral limitation bow. The yarn arriving from the yarn brake can 
travel onto the yarn roller laterally either to the right or to the left 
in the elongated yarn opening, depending on the direction of rotation of 
the yarn drum; the lateral edges of the yarn opening prevent the yarn from 
shifting uncontrollably. 
In a preferred embodiment, the yarn opening is located substantially in a 
plane that is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the yarn 
drum, for instance forming an angle on the order of magnitude of 
80.degree.-90.degree. with the axis of rotation. Thus the supplied yarn 
arriving from the yarn brake can be held in contact with the front edge of 
the yarn opening, i.e., the edge remote from the yarn drum, by the supply 
feeler acting on the yarn, so that the yarn is capable of traveling to the 
drum under relatively low tension. 
On the side remote from the yarn drum, the yarn opening may be limited by a 
substantially straight front edge; in a modified embodiment, corresponding 
approximately to a circumferential surface of the yarn drum, this edge may 
be curved. 
The rear edge of the yarn opening, next to the yarn drum, is advantageously 
located so that it extends in the immediate vicinity of the yarn drum. 
This edge has the function of preventing the yarn from shifting upward and 
out past the upper rim of the yarn drum. On the side nearer the yarn drum, 
the yarn opening may have two corners, in which the arriving yarn can be 
held, on both sides of the center line that passes through the axis of 
rotation of the yarn drum. These corners, which form the outermost ends of 
the yarn opening, are positioned close to the yarn roller, thereby 
substantially increasing the certainty that if yarn is not being run off 
the storage drum or if there is an error when the yarn supply apparatus is 
being blown out with compressed air, no yarn windings will get outside 
beyond the upper rim of the yarn drum and be wound up there. At the same 
time, the yarn can vary its direction of travel to the yarn drum only 
insignificantly as the supply feeler drops, which is important for proper 
buildup of the storage windings. 
For the above reasons, it is suitable for the rear edge of the yarn 
opening, which partly forms the two corners of the yarn opening and 
extends between the two corners on the side nearer the yarn drum, to take 
a course that is at least approximately matched to the circumference of 
the yarn drum. Manufacturing is simplified if the rear edge is formed by 
two substantially straight edge pieces, which form an obtuse angle with 
one another. 
The lateral edges of the yarn opening that partly form the two corners may 
be embodied such they they diverge toward the yarn drum. Furthermore, the 
bow including the yarn opening may have a yarn introduction opening 
leading into the yarn opening, to facilitate threading the yarn. 
The danger of a distruption in the run-off situation and thus of "overrun" 
of the storage winding with windings that extend out past the upper rim of 
the yarn drum can be reduced by providing that the run-off sensor is 
supported at two spaced-apart points on the unwinding yarn, one of which 
is located before and the other after the fixed run-off guide element, as 
viewed in the yarn travel direction. 
To this end, the run-off sensor may have two spaced-apart support elements, 
in the form of ribs. If the tension of the unwinding yarn varies, the two 
ribs of the run-off sensor together with the fixed run-off guide element 
form desired yarn loops. If there is a disruption arising in the machine, 
these yarn loops make precise operation of the yarn supply apparatus 
substantially less susceptible to distruption, because the disruptions are 
not transmitted directly to the yarn drum and hence to the storage 
winding. The front rib in the direction of yarn travel has the further 
function of keeping the yarn that is running loosely off the yarn drum 
near the yarn drum and far below its lower rim, if there is a disruption, 
so as to assure satisfactory rewinding. 
In highly twisted yarns, which have a marked tendency to form loops as they 
run off the yarn drum if there is no tension on them, the ribs in 
combination with the fixed run-off guide element cause a re-tightening of 
these loops, before the yarn travels to the work station at the machine. 
A fixed yarn guide element is advantageously provided after the rear 
support position of the run-off sensor, in the direction of yarn travel, 
which assures that the yarn arriving from the yarn supply apparatus is 
directed toward the work station of the machine along a precisely defined 
path. 
The run-off element is advantageously in the form of a bow having a yarn 
opening that is large in comparison with the yarn thickness, and the edge 
of the yarn opening is spaced apart on all sides of the yarn when it is 
running off under normal tension. Only if the run-off sensor drops 
downward in response to decreasing yarn tension does the lower edge of the 
yarn opening come into play, to form loops as mentioned above. To this 
end, the yarn opening may have a substantially straight lower edge 
extending transversely to the yarn; this assures a certain lateral 
mobility of the yarn traveling over it, which is significant for instance 
for tightening up loops. 
Finally, a yarn eye can also be provided on the bow that forms the run-off 
element, below the yarn opening; this yarn eye is located farther beneath 
the lower rim of the yarn drum than is the yarn opening. The yarn eye is 
used for guiding the yarn running off the yarn drum only if synthetic 
endless yarns of poor quality are being processed, in particular yarns 
with torn or damaged filaments. The low placement of the yarn eye means 
that the yarn has a steeper run-off angle than what would be provided by 
the yarn opening located above it. This steeper run-off angle presents 
torn-off filaments from separating from the yarn itself and then becoming 
wound up as a separate winding on the yarn drum, which disrupts yarn 
run-off. The yarn drum thereby remains free of accumulations of filaments. 
To facilitate operating a multifeed circular knitting machine equipped with 
the novel yarn supply apparatuses, the arrangement may be such that a 
respective switch associated with the supply sensor and the run-off sensor 
and located in its own "stop-motion" circuit is controlled by the supply 
and run-off sensors, and that at least the stop-motion circuit of the 
run-off sensor includes a selectively actuatable additional switch, which 
is optionally embodied as a transfer switch. Because each of the sensors 
acts separately on its own stop-motion circuit, it is extremely simply to 
stop the run-off sensor, for instance, and keep only the supply sensor 
running, as is desirable for instance when performing adjustments in 
multi-feed knitting machines.

The yarn supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a holder 1, which can be 
mounted by means of a securing device 2 upon an appropriate retaining 
ring, for instance of a circular knitting machine. A continuous shaft 3 is 
rotatably supported in the holder 1; at one end, the shaft 3 has a belt 
pulley 4, joined to it in a rotationally fixed manner, and a coaxial yarn 
drum 5 is secured to the shaft at its other end, again in a rotationally 
fixed manner. 
On its end opposite the securing device 2, the holder 1 has two fixed, 
spaced-apart yarn eyes 6, 7, through which the incoming yarn 8, arriving 
from a spool not otherwise shown, is guided via a yarn brake 9 located on 
the holder 1 onto the circumference of the yarn drum 5. On the yarn drum 
5, the yarn 8 forms a storage winding 10, from which the yarn is drawn 
off, running off the yarn drum 5 at the same speed with which it was wound 
up thereon. The yarn being run off travels through a fixed yarn eye 11, 
located on the holder 1 and in the form of an open bow, to the work 
station, not otherwise shown, in the knitting machine equipped with the 
yarn supply apparatus. 
The design of the yarn drum is described in detail in German Patent 
Disclosure Document DE-OS No. 33 26 099, to which U.S. Pat. No. 4,574,597, 
Buck & Roser, corresponds. The yarn drum 5, embodied as a solid generated 
by rotation, has a first conical circumferential surface 12 with a 
straight generatrix, the largest diameter of which is in the vicinity of 
the free face end 13 of the yarn drum, and which is separated from this 
free end by a short axial cylindrical surface 14. The first conical 
circumferential surface 12, which forms an arrival surface for the yarn, 
forms an angle of approximately 30.degree. with the axis 15 of the yarn 
drum. In the vicinity of its smallest diameter, this surface 14 forms an 
annular surface 16, which extends substantially at right angles to the 
axis 15 of the yarn drum. Adjoining the annular surface 16 on the inside 
is a second conical circumferential surface 17 which tapers inward in the 
axial direction, and which forms an angle of approximately 
60.degree.-70.degree., preferably 68.degree., with the axis 15 of the yarn 
drum. Following the second conical circumferential surface 17 in the axial 
direction of the yarn drum 5 is a conical yarn support surface having a 
straight generatrix. In FIG. 1, this yarn support surface is located 
underneath the storage winding 10 and serves to receive a portion, 
encompassing a plurality of adjacent windings, of the storage winding 10; 
it forms an angle of between 2.degree. and 10.degree. with the yarn drum 
axis 15. It is adjoined by a cylindrical jacket surface 18, which has a 
relatively long axial length and serves to receive the actual storage 
winding 10; this surface ends at a radially protruding continuous rim 19 
located on the end of the yarn drum 5; the cross-sectional shape of the 
rim 19 may also be rounded. 
Because of the particular shaping of the yarn drum 5 in the yarn supply 
area as desribed above, the yarn 8 that arrives at a tangent upon the 
conical circumferential surfaces 12, 17 adds new windings continuously to 
the storage winding 10, and these new windings are automatically shifted 
downward in the axial direction onto the cylindrical jacket surface 18, 
from whence the yarn 8 is drawn off over the rim 19. 
Directly beside the yarn drum 5, in the area between the yarn brake 9 and 
the yarn drum 5, there is a stationary yarn guide element secured to the 
holder 1 and embodied in the form of a wire bow 20, the shape of which is 
shown in its various details in FIGS. 2-4 in particular: 
The bow 20, which at one end has a fastening eye 21, defines an oblong yarn 
opening 22, which is located with its lengthwise extension transverse to 
the direction of yarn travel, as may be seen in FIG. 1. The yarn opening 
22 is located in a plane indicated at 23 in FIG. 2, which is inclined with 
respect to the rotary axis 15 of the yarn drum and forms with it an angle 
on the order of magnitude of 80.degree.-90.degree. (6.degree. with respect 
to the horizontal). On its side remote from the yarn drum 5, the yarn 
opening 22 is defined by a substantially straight front edge 24, which 
extends at right angles to a line that extends from the yarn brake 9 to 
the rotary axis 15 of the yarn drum 5. Alternatively, the yarn opening 22 
could also be defined on this side by a front edge 24 that is curved, 
approximately matching the circumferential surface of the yarn drum. 
The rear edge of the yarn opening 22, that is, adjacent the yarn drum 5, is 
located extending in the immediate vicinity of the yarn drum. It is formed 
by two substantially straight edge pieces 25, which form an obtuse angle 
with one another that in the embodiment of FIG. 4 amounts to 150.degree.. 
Here again, a continuous rear edge 25 curved to match the circumferential 
surface of the yarn drum 5 could alternatively be provided. 
On both sides of the above-mentioned center lines extending from the yarn 
brake 9 and passing through the rotary axis 14 of the yarn drum 5, two 
corners 26 are formed in the yarn opening 22, which are defined on one 
side by the rear edge extending between them and on the other by two 
substantially straight lateral edges 27, which are arranged to diverge 
toward the yarn drum 5 and in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4 form an 
angle of 50.degree. with one another. The distance between the corners 26 
is approximately half as large as the diameter of the yarn drum 5 in the 
corresponding region. Finally, a yarn introduction opening leading 
laterally into the yarn opening 22 from the side is provided in the 
vicinity of the rear edge at 28; this facilitates threading the yarn 8 
into the yarn opening 22. 
In the region between the yarn brake 9 and the yarn opening 22, a 
spring-loaded supply sensor 30 is supported on the supplied yarn 8, being 
pivotably supported at 29 on the holder 1. Because of the oblique position 
of the yarn opening 22, the yarn 8 is held elastically on the front edge 
24 of the yarn opening 22 and is supported, so that it can advance to the 
yarn drum 5 under relatively low tension. The yarn then travels through 
the right or left corner 26--depending on the direction of rotation of the 
yarn drum 5--of the yarn opening 22, in which it is automatically held, so 
that even if the supply yarn tension decreases, it can vary its direction 
with respect to the yarn drum 5 only insignificantly. This is important 
for proper formation of the windings. At the same time, the rear edge 
pieces 25 prevent the yarn from shifting upward and perhaps escaping 
beyond the upper rim of the yarn drum 5. The yarn is always directed 
exactly onto the conical arrival surfaces 12, 17 of the yarn drum 5 by 
this rear edge 25. At the same time, the yarn drum 5 is relatively 
extensively wound about, because the corners 26 are located in the 
immediate vicinity of the adjacent circumference of the yarn drum. As 
shown in FIG. 1, the rear edge 25 is located lower than the upper rim of 
the yarn drum 5; it is approximately at the level of the upper end of the 
first conical circumferential surface 12. 
On the yarn run-off side of the yarn drum 5, a fixed run-off guide element 
is fixedly located on the holder 1 before the fixed yarn eye 11, as seen 
in the yarn travel direction; this run-off guide element is in the form of 
a bow 31. Like the supply guide element in the form of the bow 20, this 
run-off guide element 31 may also be located on the holder 1 such that its 
height is adjustable. Its exact structure can be found in FIGS. 9-11. 
The bow 31, bent into approximately the shape of an L and firmly screwed to 
the holder 1 at 32, has a continuous, approximately rectangular yarn 
opening 33, which on its underside is defined by a straight, horizontal 
edge 34 and the dimensions of which are substantially greater than the 
thickness of the yarn. The yarn opening 33, as shown in FIG. 1, is 
oriented approximately parallel to the rotary axis 15 of the yarn drum 5, 
while a yarn eye 36, through which the yarn as it runs off can selectively 
be guided, is located on the end on the shank 35 of the bow 31 that is 
bent at an obtuse angle. 
In the region before and after the bow 31, a spring-loaded run-off sensor 
bow 38 which is pivotably supported at 37 on the holder 1 is supported at 
two points on the yarn being drawn off, this support being effected via 
transverse ribs 39, 40. The exact form of the run-off sensor bow 38 is 
shown in FIGS. 5-8. 
As long as the tension on the yarn leaving the yarn drum 5 does not fall 
below a predetermined threshold value, the situation shown in FIG. 1 
prevails, in which the yarn does not touch the edge of the yarn opening 33 
but instead is guided solely by the yarn eye 11. 
If the yarn tension drops, then the run-off sensor bow 38 moves downward, 
and via the two transverse ribs 39, 40 in cooperation with the lower edge 
34 of the yarn opening 33 of the run-off guide bow 31, the yarn is drawn 
out into loops. The yarn reserve that is thereby provided keeps 
disruptions from affecting the storage winding 10. Furthermore, the yarn 
that runs off loosely in the event of a disruption is in this way kept far 
below the lower edge of the yarn drum 5, which assures satisfactory 
rewinding. Highly twisted yarn having a marked tendency to form loops can 
be handled easily, because by means of the transverse ribs 39, 40 in 
cooperation with the edge of the yarn opening 33, these loops are 
straightened again by the time they leave the yarn eye 11. 
The ceramic yarn eye 36 located at the lower end of the run-off guide bow 
31 receives the yarn leaving the yarn roller 5 whenever torn or damaged 
filaments must be expected, for instance with an endless synthetic yarn of 
poor quality, which otherwise would tend to be wound up on the yarn drum 
5. 
The supply sensor 30 and the run-off sensor 38 have supply and run-off yarn 
monitors associated with them and located in the holder 1 that is embodied 
like a housing. The supply sensor 30 controls a switch 41 (FIG. 12), while 
the run-off sensor 38 can actuate a switch 42. The two switches 41, 42 are 
located in two separate single-pole switching circuits, which are 
connected via contact pins 43 of the holder 1 with an external circuit 
which passes on signals for shutting down the machine, and so forth. In 
the two separate stop-motion circuits associated with the supply sensor 30 
and the run-off sensor 38, there are respective indicator lamps 44, each 
of which lights up in the event of a disruption, that is, if the switch 41 
or 42 is closed. The stop-motion switching circuit associated with the 
run-off sensor includes, in addition to the switch 41, a manually actuated 
switch 45, which makes it possible for instance to shut off the run-off 
sensor 38 while the machine is being adjusted and to keep only the supply 
sensor 30 operating. The switch 45 is embodied as a transfer switch, and 
it cooperates with a second supply main. On switching over from the 
operating setting to the shut-off run-off sensor, the indicator lamp 44 
may light up without causing the machine to be shut off.