Extended nip press

A press mechanism and method for removing liquid from a traveling fibrous web such as in a paper making machine including first and second elongate extended press nips including an endless looped traveling belt passing over spaced guide rolls with first and second opposed press rolls pressed into the belt to form the extended nips between the press rolls and belt and opposed shoes within the belt pressing outwardly against the press rolls to form the extended nips with the shoes urged against the belt by opposed pistons having a liquid pressure chamber therebetween so that the reaction forces of the fluid on the pistons are cancelled with the web being carried through the nips on felts and following the belt between the nips.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to an improved method and mechanism for pressing 
water from a traveling paper web, and more particularly to a press 
arrangement known as an extended press nip wherein the web is subjected to 
pressing pressures for a longer period of time than the usual arrangement 
wherein it passes between two opposed press rolls. 
More particularly, the invention relates to a method and structure having 
first and second press nips wherein the residence time of the web in the 
nips is increased over that of a roll couple and wherein an improved 
structure is used to extract water from a web. Other structures have been 
provided heretofore which have attempted to increase the time over which a 
web is subjected to a pressure, and yet permit the web to continue 
movement at a speed necessary in a high speed paper making machine. Such 
structures have met with degrees of success and are exemplified by the 
disclosures of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,748,225, Busker et al; 3,783,097, Justus; 
3,797,384, Hoff; 3,798,121, Busker et al; 3,804,707, Mohr; 3,808,092, 
Busker; 3,808,096, Busker et al; 3,840,429, Busker et al; 3,853,698, Mohr. 
The devices and method discussed by these previous patents have taken 
advantage of the knowledge that the static application of mechanical 
pressure to wet paper mat can reduce the moisture content in the mat to 
below 40%. Under the dynamic short-term mechanical pressing which occurs 
in the usual paper machine where the web is run between a series of nips 
formed between press roll couples, it is often difficult to maintain 
moisture levels below 60%. Attempts to obtain increased dryness in the 
conventional roll-couples are usually made by increase in the press nip 
pressure, but a plateau is soon reached where major increases in roll 
loading result in relatively small decreases in moisture. 
As is known, it is far more efficient to remove water in the press section 
of a paper machine than in the thermal dryer section and significant 
reduction in energy costs and significant reduction in the space needed 
for the dryer drum section of the machine are achieved for every fraction 
of a percent of moisture that can be additionally removed in the press 
section. The difficulty of removing moisture in the press section is 
increased with increase in machine speed because limiting factors are 
reached in press nip pressures in that compacting and crushing of the web 
results with higher nip pressures and resultant higher hydraulic pressures 
within the paper mat. The most feasible way that has been discovered to 
increase water removal at high speeds has been to increase the residence 
of pressure time to allow more time for flow to occur within the paper mat 
and for the hydraulic pressure to dissipate and for water to be pressed 
out of the web into the felt. 
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to take advantage of 
the principles of extended nip pressing which increases the time that a 
web is subjected to pressing pressure and to provide an improved method 
and mechanism utilizing these principles which more effectively removes 
water from the web increasing the dryness of the web leaving the press 
section and reducing the possibility of crushing and improving the overall 
quality of the web formed in a paper making machine. 
A further object of the invention is to provide a unique and improved 
extended nip press which is capable of being constructed for very wide 
paper machines reducing the problems of deflection of supporting rolls and 
other parts and insuring handling the web at high speed without distortion 
and breaking and with uniform pressing pressures being applied over the 
width of a very wide web. 
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved press mechanism 
which is capable of removing a greater amount of water from a high speed 
traveling web and which requires less space for the structure than now 
necessary with existing press arrangements. 
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method and 
structure which permits a wet paper mat to be subject to mechanical 
pressing pressures for an extended period of time wherein the structure is 
well adapted to predetermination of desired nip length and nip pressures. 
A feature of the invention is that the present arrangement employs an 
extended nip press concept wherein the pressing pressure on the wet web is 
immediately brought up to a predetermined optimum pressing pressure, and 
the pressure is maintained substantially constant throughout the length of 
the extended nip without change and then dropped off at the end of the 
nip. This arrangement avoids disadvantages of the conventional two roll 
press nips and of structures which have attempted to extend the length of 
a press nip, but do so by change in pressure throughout the length of the 
extended nip such as by having a continual pressure increase through a 
feed-in compression length and then a decrease in pressure over a 
decompression length such as taught, for example, by East German Pat. No. 
79 919 published Nov. 12, 1971. 
Other objects, advantages and features, as well as equivalent structures 
and methods which are intended to be covered herein, will become more 
apparent with the teaching of the principles of the invention in 
connection with the disclosure of the preferred embodiments thereof in the 
specification, claims and drawings, in which:

DESCRIPTION 
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a wet traveling web W received from a forming 
surface is pressed in the extended nip arrangement illustrated by first 
passing into a nip N-1. The first elongate or extended press nip N-1 is 
formed between a traveling belt 12 and a first press surface 10 which is 
the outer surface of a rotating press roll. The nip N-1 is further formed 
by a first stationary backing member 11 in the form of elongated shoe 
urged against the inner surface of the belt 12 with a pressing force, and 
the water expressed from the web is received by a felt 18. The web follows 
the belt on the outgoing side of the nip and then enters a second nip N-2. 
The second nip is similar to the first including a second press surface 
which is the outer surface of a press roll 13. The nip N-2 is formed 
between the roll surface and the belt 12. A second stationary backing 
member is provided by a shoe 14 pressing against the belt and urging it 
toward the roll surface 13a. The rolls 10 and 13 press inwardly on the 
belt, and the shoes are pressed outwardly toward the belt by opposed 
pistons 15 and 16 which extend parallel to the rolls 10 and 13 along the 
nips and are pushed outwardly by force applying means in the form of 
pressurized fluid in the cylinder or chamber 17. The force of the fluid 
against the two pistons 15 and 16 is such that the reaction forces are 
equal and opposite and are cancelled so that there is no bending of the 
framework between the rolls 10 and 13. The rolls 10 and 13 may be of equal 
size so that they deflect outwardly an equal amount or, preferably they 
are controlled deflection rolls being constructed of a hollow roll shell 
with hydraulic pressure loaded shoes therein of a construction such as 
that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,276,102, Justus. 
Referring now in greater detail to the construction of the extended nip 
press as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the web W passes into first nip on the 
felt 18 which is supported by felt guide rolls 19a and 20a. 
The pressing belt is an endless one-piece belt formed of rubber or 
extremely strong synthetic material with cords therein and has belt guide 
rolls 23 and 24 inside of the looped ends. The portions of belt which pass 
through the press nips may be regarded as belt elements designated at 12a 
and 12b. The belt guide rolls 23 and 24 may preferably be idler rolls, but 
can be driven. The press nip load on the belts is high, and the idler 
rolls cannot put in any significant drive power, and further, this occurs 
on the lubricated side of the belt. 
The arrangement for supporting the shoes 11 and 14 within the looped belt 
includes a framework 25 having a cross frame plate 32 which supports an 
elongate block 20 having the cylinder 17. The cylinder 17 is rectangular 
in shape and extends for the width of the machine and has smooth inner 
walls formed by plates 26, 27, 28 and 29, FIG. 2. These plates are in 
opposing separate parts and are held together by through bolts 30 to hold 
them to the frame plate 32, and are joined at their corners to form a 
rectangular cylinder. The pistons 15 and 16 are rectangularly shaped and 
are provided with sealing piston rings 15a and 16a. The shoes 11 and 14 
are supported on roll pins 15b and 16b which are located at the center of 
force of the shoes so that the shoes are rockable thereon and can assume 
their natural position and permit a dynamic wedge of lubricating fluid to 
be formed between the shoe and belt, thus insuring a long operating life. 
For this purpose, the faces 11a and 14a of the shoes which face the belt 
are concave and shaped substantially to the same arc of curvature as the 
outer surfaces 10a and 13a of the press rolls. The leading edges 11b and 
14b of each of the shoes is relieved so that lubricating fluid, preferably 
oil, will form the dynamic wedge beneath the shoe. Actually, this dynamic 
wedge extends for the length of the shoe, and thus the length of the 
extended nip so that the belt actually is backed by a film of hydraulic 
fluid so that the force against the belt at all locations across the full 
width of the nip is equal and the web passing through the extended nip is 
subjected to a uniform pressure across the width of the press rolls 10 and 
13. This assures uniform dewatering and the amount of water pressed out of 
the web is uniform across each of the felts 18 and 19. The hydrodynamic 
pressure is also uniform throughout the length of the extended nip in the 
direction of web movement. Thus, as the web enters the extended nip, it 
will be quickly brought up to a predetermined pressing pressure, and this 
pressure will be maintained throughout the length of the nip and at the 
trailing edge of the nip, the pressure will suddenly be released. The 
sudden release diminishes rewetting, and the uniform pressure throughout 
the extent of the nip in effect acts as a static pressure on the web 
permitting maximum migration of water from the web into the felt. 
The pressurized fluid for exerting the forces on the piston is preferably 
oil, but may also be water or other suitable fluids, and is delivered at a 
controlled predetermined pressure through a delivery line 33 which 
communicates with the chamber 17 between the pistons. 
For providing the wedge of hydrodynamic liquid beneath the shoes, delivery 
spouts or slots 45 and 47 supplied by pipes 44 and 46 extend across the 
width of the nip directing a continual supply of oil into the gap formed 
at the relieved edges 11b and 14b of the shoes. 
The area surrounding the shoes is enclosed to prevent oil from passing 
along with the inner surface of the belt between the belt and the guide 
rolls 23 and 24 by suitable seals. At the upper side of the area, at the 
offrunning side of the first shoe 11 are seals 41 which are supported on 
suitable brackets and are in the form of flexible lips or plastic or 
rubber slidably engaging the inner surfaces of the belt to skim the oil 
off the surface of the belt. A similar seal 42 is positioned above the 
second shoe 14. Lower seals 37 and 38 are positioned at the offrunning 
side of the second shoe 14, and lower seals 39 and 40 are positioned below 
the first shoe 11. Oil which drains downwardly is drawn off from the 
compartment surrounding the shoes by oil removal lines 34 and 35. An 
additional oil removal line 36 is positioned on the other side of the 
plate 32, and a further removal line 43 positioned below the seal 39. Pipe 
plugs 31 are threaded into holes through the plate 32, and these can be 
removed if communication between the two sides of the plate is desired. 
Water removed from the web through the second extended nip N-2 is received 
by the felt 19 which passes over felt guide rolls 21 and 22, and on the 
offrunning side of the second nip, the web W follows the belt to be 
separated therefrom where the belt turns around the guide roll 24, and the 
web is then led by suitable rolls to the dryer section of the machine in 
an arrangement such as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. 
In some circumstances, it may be desirable instead of providing a 
hydrodynamic wedge of fluid with shoes such as shown in FIG. 1, to provide 
a static backing pressure for the belt such as illustrated in FIG. 3. In 
FIG. 3, a belt 12' passes through nips N-1' and N-2' formed between the 
belt 12' and press rolls 10' and 13'. The web W is carried through the 
successive nips between the belt 12', and a felt 18' for the first nip 
N-1' and a felt 19' for the second nip N-2'. 
Within the belt 12' are shoes 11' and 14'. These shoes are each provided 
with a cavity or chamber 50 and 51 respectively in the face thereof, and 
these chambers are filled with pressurized fluid so that the belt is 
subjected to the static pressure of the fluid. Fluid such as oil or water 
may be used, delivered to the chamber 50 through a connector 48 from a 
supply line 52. Pressurized fluid for the chamber 51 is supplied through a 
connector 49 from a pressurized supply line 53. The edges of the shoes at 
the leading and trailing end of the chambers 50 and 51 prevent the free 
escape of fluid and permit pressure build-up, and the fluid which leaks 
along the edges of the shoes is removed by piping similar to that shown in 
FIG. 1. The pressurized fluid for the chambers 50 and 51 may be bled off 
from the same pressure lines 52 and 53 which supply the chamber 17' 
between the pistons 11' and 14'. 
In the arrangement illustrated, the reaction forces of the shoes against 
the roll backed web are opposed. In the arrangement shown wherein the 
pistons are of the same size, it is possible to get different nip 
pressures between the two nips by varying the nip length or shoe length. 
For example, if the pressure in the second press N-2 is to be twice that 
of the first nip N-1, the length of the second shoe is made one-half that 
of the first shoe. For example, the first press shoe may be 12" long, and 
the second press shoe 6" long, and where the piston areas are kept equal, 
the unit pressure against the web in the second nip will be twice that in 
the first nip. 
The mechanism can also be constructed so that individual chambers are 
provided at 17 instead of a common chamber. Where individual chambers are 
provided, they can be provided by hydraulic fluid at different pressures, 
and by separate lines to each of the chambers, the forces applied to each 
of the shoes can be controlled independently of the other shoe. It is also 
possible with the arrangement shown to have a common centrally located 
hydraulic chamber with pistons of different sizes to obtain different 
total forces applied to the shoes. Where individual chambers are used, or 
where the pistons are of different sizes, the reaction forces are still 
opposite, but not equal. In that instance, the supporting framework 
structure must be constructed heavier to carry the differences in load 
without excessive bending. 
Flexible seals are located positioned in close running contact with the 
belt, above and below the area of the shoes 11 and 14 with the seals being 
indicated at 41', 42', above the shoes and at 37' and 38' and at 39' and 
40' below the shoes. 
FIG. 4 illustrates the extended nip press arrangement which is shown in 
detail in FIGS. 1 and 2, as used in a paper machine in a structural 
combination which is found to be advantageous, particularly with 
relatively wet webs. In the arrangement of FIG. 4, the web W is removed 
from the forming wire 54 and run through conventional press couples 
through nips RN-1 and RN-2 and then through the two nips N-1 and N-2 of 
the extended press arrangement. 
In greater detail with respect to FIG. 4, the web W is formed on a 
traveling forming wire 54 which passes down over a couch roll 55 and a 
turning roll 56, and the web is picked off the wire by a felt 58 passing 
over a pickup roll 57. The web is sandwiched between the upper felt 58 and 
a lower felt 59. The web sandwiched between the two felts passes through a 
roll nip RN-1 formed between the rolls 61 and 62. The rolls may be grooved 
rolls or as shown, the lower roll is a suction roll having suction glands 
63 therein. The web is carried on the offrunning side of the roll nip 
RN-1, sandwiched between the lower felt 59 and the upper felt 58 and then 
passes through nip RN-2 provided by rolls 64 and 65. The felt 58 wraps the 
upper roll 64 having a suction gland 66 therein to cause the web to follow 
the upper felt 58 and travel up through the first nip N-1 of the extended 
press. The lower felt wraps the turning roll 65. The web then follows the 
belt 12 and passes through the second nip N-2 of the extended press and is 
taken off the belt following a roll 68 to be led through the dryer section 
beginning with dryer rolls 69 and 70. Preferred average nip pressure 
ranges in pounds per square inch are 100 to 500 in RN-1; 100 to 800 in 
N-1; and 100 to 800 in N-2. 
In the arrangement of FIG. 4, excess water is first pressed from the web 
through the roll nip RN-1 which prepares the web for its treatment in the 
extended press. 
In the arrangement of FIG. 5, a web W is formed on a forming wire 71 which 
passes over a couch roll 72 and down over a turning roll 73. The web is 
picked off of the wire by a felt 76 passing over a pickup roll 74 with a 
suction gland 75 therein and is sandwiched between the felt 76 and a lower 
felt 77. The web carried between the two felts passes into the first nip 
of the extended press which is a double felted nip. The extended press is 
shown schematically with the shoes within the belt being omitted for 
clarity of illustration, and they are also omitted from the illustration 
of FIG. 4 for clarity. In FIG. 5, the web travels between the two felts 
and is transferred to the felt 77 as it passes over a turning roll 78 by 
the operation of a suction gland 79. The web then is carried downwardly 
into the second nip N-2 and follows the press roll 13 to pass over a guide 
roll 82 to the dryer drum section including dryer drums 80 and 81.