METHOD FOR APPLYING THERMAL BARRIER COATING AND HEAT-RESISTANT MEMBER

A method for applying a thermal barrier coating according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a step of forming a top coat layer on a bond coat layer formed on a heat-resistant alloy base material of an object. The step of forming the top coat layer includes forming the top coat layer by thermal-spraying a suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining a temperature of the top coat layer at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 450° C.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a method for applying a thermal barrier coating and a heat-resistant member. This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-218430 filed on Dec. 28, 2020, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

It is known that a thermal barrier coating (TBC) is provided on a heat-resistant member exposed to a high-temperature combustion gas, such as a combustor panel or a turbine blade in an aircraft engine, or a turbine blade or a ring segment in an industrial gas turbine. Such thermal barrier coating includes a bond coat layer formed on a heat-resistant alloy base material, and a top coat layer as a thermal barrier layer formed on the bond coat layer.

The bond coat layer is formed on the heat-resistant alloy base material by, for example, thermal spraying (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Further, in order to ensure heat cycle durability, the top coat layer may be formed by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) so as to internally include a crack which is called a vertical crack extending in a thickness direction of the top coat layer (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

SUMMARY

Technical Problem

An initial cost of a device for performing electron beam physical vapor deposition is more than ten times as high as that of a thermal spraying device or the like. Further, a running cost for forming a layer by electron beam physical vapor deposition is about ten times as high as a running cost for forming a layer by thermal spraying or the like. Furthermore, a speed of layer formation by electron beam physical vapor deposition is as low as a fraction of a speed of layer formation by thermal spraying or the like. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for forming the top coat layer of the thermal barrier coating at a lower cost, while ensuring performance such as thermal barrier properties or heat cycle durability as the top coat layer.

In view of the above, an object of at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is to suppress the cost of the thermal barrier coating in the heat-resistant member.

Solution to Problem

(1) A method for applying a thermal barrier coating according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a step of forming a top coat layer on a bond coat layer formed on a heat-resistant alloy base material of an object. The step of forming the top coat layer includes forming the top coat layer by thermal-spraying a suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining a temperature of the top coat layer at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 450° C.(2) A heat-resistant member according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes the top coat layer formed by the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to the above method (1).

Advantageous Effects

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress the cost of a thermal barrier coating in a heat-resistant member.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is intended, however, that unless particularly identified, dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions and the like of components described or shown in the drawings as the embodiments shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

Further, for instance, an expression of a shape such as a rectangular shape or a tubular shape shall not be construed as only the geometrically strict shape, but also includes a shape with unevenness or chamfered corners within the range in which the same effect can be achieved.

On the other hand, the expressions “comprising”, “including”, “having”, “containing”, and “constituting” one constituent component are not exclusive expressions that exclude the presence of other constituent components.

FIG.1is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat-resistant member1with a thermal barrier coating3applied by a method for applying a thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments.

FIG.2is a view showing the appearance of a combustor panel1A for an aircraft engine as an example of the heat-resistant member1.

It is known that the thermal barrier coating (TBC)3for thermal barrier of the heat-resistant member1is formed on the heat-resistant member1such as the combustor panel1A or a turbine blade for an aircraft engine, or a turbine blade or a ring segment for an industrial gas turbine.

A metal bond layer (bond coat layer)7and a top coat layer9as a thermal barrier layer are formed in this order on a heat-resistant alloy base material (base material)5of the heat-resistant member1according to some embodiments. That is, in some embodiments, the thermal barrier coating3includes the bond coat layer7and the top coat layer9.

The bond coat layer7according to some embodiments is composed of, for example, McrAIY alloy (M indicates a metallic element such as Ni, Co, or Fe, or a combination of at least two of the above-described metallic elements).

The top coat layer9according to some embodiments is preferably composed of a ZrO2-based material, such as YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) which is ZrO2partially or fully stabilized with Y2O3. Further, the top coat layer9according to some embodiments may be composed of any of DySZ (dysprosia stabilized zirconia), ErSZ (erbia stabilized zirconia), Gd2Zr2O7, or Gd2Hf2O7.

Whereby, the thermal barrier coating3having excellent thermal barrier properties is obtained.

In the top coat layer9according to some embodiments, vertical cracks Cv extending in the thickness direction of the top coat layer9are dispersed in the plane direction, that is, in the horizontal direction and the depth direction of the drawing inFIG.1. Further, in the top coat layer9according to some embodiments, horizontal cracks Ch extending in the plane direction are dispersed.

In the thermal barrier coating3according to some embodiments, the structure of the top coat layer9with the plurality of vertical cracks Cv can alleviate the occurrence of a thermal stress due to a difference in linear expansion coefficient from the heat-resistant alloy base material5, obtaining excellent heat cycle durability.

FIG.3is a flowchart showing a procedure of the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments. The method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments includes a step S10of forming the bond coat layer7and a step S20of forming the top coat layer9.

In some embodiments, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7is a step of forming the bond coat layer7on the heat-resistant alloy base material5by thermal spraying. In some embodiments, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7may be, for example, a step of forming the bond coat layer on the heat-resistant alloy base material5by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF). In the following description, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7is a step of forming the bond coat layer7on the heat-resistant alloy base material 5 by high velocity flame spraying.

That is, in some embodiments, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7includes thermal-spraying powder such as a MCrAlY alloy as a thermal spray material onto the surface of the heat-resistant alloy base material5by high velocity flame spraying.

In some embodiments, the surface roughness of the bond coat layer7is preferably not less than 8 μm in terms of arithmetic mean roughness Ra in order to enhance adhesion to the top coat layer9.

In some embodiments, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9is a step of forming the top coat layer9on the bond coat layer7formed on the heat-resistant alloy base material5of the heat-resistant member1that is the object. In some embodiments, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9includes forming the top coat layer by thermal-spraying a suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying. That is, in some embodiments, the thermal spraying performed in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9is suspension high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF). In some embodiments, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9includes thermal-spraying a suspension, which is obtained by dispersing ceramic powder as the thermal spray material in a solvent, onto the surface of the bond coat layer7by high velocity flame spraying. In suspension high velocity flame spraying, a thermal spray material TM supplied as the suspension is sprayed onto the surface of the object to be thermal-sprayed by a combustion flame jet flow CF (seeFIG.4Bdescribed later).

Thermal spraying conditions in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9will be described later in detail.

FIG.4Ais a view for describing an outline of a device related to the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments.

As shown inFIG.4A, the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments includes applying the thermal barrier coating3by using a thermal spray gun30, a moving device50for the thermal spray gun30, and a dust collection hood70. In the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, in addition to these devices shown inFIG.4A, although not shown, a thermal spray control panel, a controller for controlling driving of the moving device50, a thermal spray material supply device, or the like is also included in the device configuration.

In the application of the thermal barrier coating3, a fixing jig91may be used if it is necessary to fix the heat-resistant member1which is the object to be applied with the thermal barrier coating3, and a rotation driving device (not shown) may be used if it is necessary to continuously rotate the heat-resistant member1.

The moving device50according to some embodiments is, for example, an industrial robot, but may be, for example, a scanning device, such as an NC device, having a slide shaft movable in multiple directions.

As shown inFIG.4A, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, for example, the thermal spray gun30, the moving device50, and the dust collection hood70are disposed in one thermal spray booth20. The thermal spray booth20forms a space partitioned off from surroundings for sound insulation or prevention of dust scattering to the surroundings. For example, the thermal spray booth20may be a box disposed in a working room, may be a section in which a part of the working room is partitioned by a wall or the like, or may be a dedicated room provided in a building.

The heat-resistant member1, which is the object to be applied with the thermal barrier coating3, is formed with the thermal barrier coating3in the thermal spray booth20.

As described above, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7includes performing thermal spraying by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF), and the step S20of forming the top coat layer9includes performing thermal spraying by suspension high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF). Thus, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, for example, the thermal spray gun30and the thermal spray material supply device are changed between the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7and the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, making it possible to perform the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7and the step S20of forming the top coat layer9in the same thermal spray booth20.

In the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, when the step S20of forming the top coat layer9is performed after the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7, the heat-resistant member1need not be moved to a thermal spray booth different from the thermal spray booth20in which the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7is performed. Thus, it is possible to save the trouble of moving the heat-resistant member1to the different thermal spray booth, or the trouble of, for example, setting the heat-resistant member1until the start of thermal spraying after the heat-resistant member1is moved.

(Regarding Application Condition in Step S20of Forming Top Coat Layer9)

Conventionally, in order to ensure heat cycle durability, the top coat layer may be formed by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) so as to internally include a crack which is called a vertical crack extending in the thickness direction of the top coat layer.

However, an initial cost of a device for performing electron beam physical vapor deposition is more than ten times as high as that of a thermal spraying device or the like. Further, a running cost for forming a layer by electron beam physical vapor deposition is about ten times as high as a running cost for forming a layer by thermal spraying or the like. Furthermore, a speed of layer formation by electron beam physical vapor deposition is as low as a fraction of a speed of layer formation by thermal spraying or the like. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for forming the top coat layer of the thermal barrier coating at a lower cost, while ensuring performance such as thermal barrier properties or heat cycle durability as the top coat layer.

As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it was found that the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability equivalent to that in the case of forming the top coat layer on the bond coat layer by electron beam physical vapor deposition can be ensured by thermal-spraying the suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining the temperature of the top coat layer9at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 450° C. in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9.

Therefore, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, the top coat layer9is formed by thermal-spraying the suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining the temperature of the top coat layer9at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 450° C.

The inventors' study results will be described later.

Consequently, the top coat layer9can be formed at a lower running cost and in a shorter time than in the case where the top coat layer9is formed on the bond coat layer7by electron beam physical vapor deposition. Further, if the top coat layer9is formed by suspension high velocity flame spraying, it is also possible to greatly reduce an introduction cost of equipment for forming the top coat layer9.

Further, the heat-resistant member1according to some embodiments includes the top coat layer9formed by the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments.

Thus, it is possible to suppress the manufacturing cost of the heat-resistant member1.

The step S20of forming the top coat layer9more preferably includes forming the top coat layer9by thermal-spraying the suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining the temperature of the top coat layer9at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 400° C.

Whereby, the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating is further improved.

Whether the temperature of the top coat layer9is maintained within the above-described temperature range may be confirmed by measurement using a non-contact thermometer such as a thermoviewer for detecting a temperature with infrared rays.

Further, the top coat layer9may be cooled as appropriate such that the temperature thereof is maintained within the above-described temperature range.

That is, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes controlling the temperature of the top coat layer9by cooling with a cooling medium.

Consequently, the temperature of the top coat layer9can easily be controlled within the above-described temperature range, stabilizing the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating3.

FIG.4Bis a view showing an example of a cooling method for maintaining the temperature of the top coat layer9within the above-described temperature range.

In the example shown inFIG.4B, the heat-resistant member1is a shaft-like member. In the example shown inFIG.4B, the heat-resistant member1is formed with the top coat layer9while being rotated by the rotation driving device (not shown) for continuously rotating the heat-resistant member1. In the example shown inFIG.4B, the heat-resistant member1is held by a holding portion92of the rotation driving device (not shown) and rotates together with the holding portion92.

In the example shown inFIG.4B, the heat-resistant member1is cooled by a cooling medium CM blown out from a cooling nozzle81, for example In the example shown inFIG.4B, in order to suppress that the combustion flame jet flow CF is influenced by the cooling medium CM blown out from the cooling nozzle81, the cooling medium CM is preferably blown out not toward the surface of the top coat layer9, but toward a region la of the heat-resistant member1where the top coat layer9is not formed or the holding portion92for holding the heat-resistant member1.

Examples other than the example shown inFIG.4B, the type of cooling medium CM, or the like regarding cooling of the heat-resistant member1will be described later.

FIG.5is a graph schematically showing a change in temperature of the top coat layer9from the start of thermal spraying. The temperature of the top coat layer9rises as time elapses from the start of thermal spraying for forming the top coat layer9. As in the example shown inFIG.4B, the temperature of the top coat layer9during thermal spraying can stably be maintained within the above-described temperature range by cooling with the cooling medium CM.

That is, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, an average value of temperatures in the stable state after the temperature of the top coat layer9rises after the start of thermal spraying is preferably maintained within the above-described temperature range.

In the following description, the average value is also referred to as a thermal spraying temperature Ta.

In the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, it is not necessary to preheat the heat-resistant member1formed with the bond coat layer7, before thermal spraying for forming the top coat layer9is started.

Hereinafter, the inventors' study results will be described.

FIG.6is a graph showing a relationship between the thermal spraying temperature Ta and a thermal conductivity (relative value) of top coat layer9for a test piece A whose thermal spraying temperature Ta is 413° C., a test piece B whose thermal spraying temperature Ta is 477° C., and a test piece C whose thermal spraying temperature Ta is 586° C.

FIG.7is a graph showing a relationship between the thermal spraying temperature Ta and a delamination limit temperature difference ΔT (relative value) for the test piece A, the test piece B, and the test piece C.

FIG.8is a graph showing a relationship between the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT (relative value) and a length of the horizontal crack Ch (horizontal crack length) for the test piece A, the test piece B, and the test piece C.

FIG.9is a graph showing a relationship between the thermal spraying temperature Ta and a deposited film thickness (relative value) per one pass of thermal spraying for the test piece A, the test piece B, the test piece C, and a test piece D whose thermal spraying temperature Ta is 678° C.

FIG.10Ais a table showing measurement results of the density of the vertical cracks Cv dispersed in the plane direction for the test piece A, the test piece B, and the test piece C.

FIG.10Bis a table showing measurement results of a maximum length of the horizontal crack Ch for the test piece A, the test piece B, and the test piece C.

InFIG.6, the thermal conductivity of the top coat layer9is represented as the relative value with the thermal conductivity of the top coat layer formed by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) being1.

Likewise, inFIGS.7and8, the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT of the top coat layer9is represented as the relative value with the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT of the top coat layer formed by electron beam physical vapor deposition being1. The delamination limit temperature difference ΔT inFIGS.7and8is a temperature difference where the thermal barrier coating3is estimated to be delaminated when a test for giving this temperature difference ΔT is repeated 1,000 cycles.

InFIG.9, the deposited film thickness of the top coat layer9per one pass is represented as the relative value with the deposited film thickness per one pass when the thermal spraying temperature Ta is 450° C. being1.

In acquiring each data shown inFIGS.10A and10B, each data was acquired by observing a micrograph of a cut surface of each test piece cut along the thickness direction of the top coat layer9. Further, inFIGS.10A and10B, each data was acquired at six locations (six fields of view) in which the observed parts (fields of view) on the cut surface were changed.

In acquiring each data shown inFIGS.10A and10B, the size of the field of view corresponding to the horizontal direction inFIG.1was 1.09 mm in each micrograph, and thus the number of vertical cracks Cv observed in this field of view and the maximum length of the horizontal crack Ch were obtained.

The thermal spraying conditions other than the thermal spraying temperature Ta for the test piece A, the test piece B, the test piece C, and the test piece D are as follows.

The test pieces A to D are cylindrical test pieces as shown inFIG.4B, and the top coat layer9was formed by suspension high velocity flame spraying on the bond coat layer7formed on the outer circumferential portions of the test pieces A to D.

The traverse speed of the thermal spray gun 30 is 100 mm/sec. The film thickness of the top coat layer9is 0.5 mm The rotation speed of the cylindrical test piece is 1,200 rpm.

In thermal-spraying the test piece, the thermal spray gun30forms a film while moving from a film formation start position on one side in the vertical direction ofFIG.4Bto another side. After the thermal spray gun30reaches a film formation end position on the another side, the thermal spray gun30is moved in the depth direction of the drawing inFIG.4B, evacuated so that the combustion flame jet flow CF does not hit the test piece, and then moved toward the one side in the vertical direction inFIG.4B. Then, the thermal spray gun30is moved in the depth direction of the drawing inFIG.4Band returned to the film formation start position, and thereafter, the top coat layer9is formed by repeating the above-described operations.

As shown inFIG.6, by setting the thermal spraying temperature Ta at not higher than 450° C., the thermal conductivity of the top coat layer9can be set equal to or lower than that in the case of forming the top coat layer9by electron beam physical vapor deposition.

As shown inFIG.6, by setting the thermal spraying temperature Ta at not higher than 400° C., it is possible to further decrease the thermal conductivity of the top coat layer9.

As shown inFIG.7, by setting the thermal spraying temperature Ta at not higher than 400° C., the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT of the top coat layer9can be set equal to or lower than that in the case of forming the top coat layer9by electron beam physical vapor deposition.

Since the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT of the top coat layer9may be about 0.8 as the relative value inFIG.7, by setting the thermal spraying temperature Ta at not higher than 450° C., the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT of the top coat layer9can be set equal to or greater than a required temperature difference.

Therefore, the thermal spraying temperature Ta is preferably not higher than 450° C., and is more preferably not higher than 400° C.

As shown inFIGS.8and10B, it can be seen that the length of the horizontal crack Ch tends to increase as the thermal spraying temperature Ta increases. It can also be seen that the delamination limit temperature difference ΔT of the top coat layer9tends to decrease as the length of the horizontal crack Ch increases. The length of the horizontal crack Ch is desirably small, because growth of the horizontal crack Ch causes delamination of the top coat layer9and the thermal cycle durability is decreased. Each plot shown inFIG.8is based on the data shown inFIG.10B.

As shown inFIG.10A, the density of the vertical cracks Cv dispersed in the plane direction increases as the thermal spraying temperature Ta increases. Although the density of the vertical cracks Cv dispersed in the plane direction increases as the thermal cycle durability increases, the length of the horizontal crack Ch tends to increase as the density of the vertical cracks Cv dispersed in the plane direction is to be increased. Therefore, the density of the vertical cracks Cv dispersed in the plane direction can be about 4 cracks/mm

As shown inFIG.9, the deposited film thickness per one pass of thermal spraying decreases as the thermal spraying temperature Ta decreases. Thus, the productivity of the top coat layer9decreases as the thermal spraying temperature Ta decreases.

As shown inFIG.9, if the thermal spraying temperature Ta falls below 300° C., the deposited film thickness per one pass of thermal spraying is half or less compared to the case where the thermal spraying temperature Ta is 450° C.

Therefore, the thermal spraying temperature Ta is desirably not lower than 300° C.

FIG.11is a view for describing an example about cooling of the heat-resistant member1.

FIG.12Ais a view for describing an example about cooling of a plurality of heat-resistant members1.

FIG.12Bis a view for describing another example about cooling of the plurality of heat-resistant members1.

FIG.13is a view for describing an example about cooling of the heat-resistant member1.

FIG.14is a view for describing an example about cooling of the heat-resistant member1.

As shown inFIG.11, for example, if the top coat layer9is formed on one surface of the plate-shaped heat-resistant member1, the heat-resistant member1may be cooled by blowing out the cooling medium CM toward another surface opposite to the one surface.

As shown inFIGS.12A and12B, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9may include forming the top coat layer9by sequentially thermal-spraying the plurality of heat-resistant members1attached to a jig93,94.

Whereby, the top coat layer9can efficiently be formed with respect to the plurality of heat-resistant members1.

That is, as shown inFIG.12A, the plurality of heat-resistant members1may be arranged side by side, and the plurality of heat-resistant members1may be thermal-sprayed in one pass of thermal spraying. In this case, the plurality of heat-resistant members1arranged side by side in a line or in a plane may be held by the jig93, for example.

As shown inFIG.12A, each of the heat-resistant members1arranged side by side may be cooled by blowing out the cooling medium CM toward a surface opposite to a surface formed with the top coat layer9in each of the plurality of heat-resistant members1.

As shown inFIG.12A, if the plurality of heat-resistant members1are arranged side by side and the plurality of heat-resistant members1are thermal-sprayed in one pass of thermal spraying, an application interval between the pass and a next pass of thermal spraying increases compared to a case where the one heat-resistant member1is thermal-sprayed, making it difficult to increase the temperature of the top coat layer9. Therefore, cooling with the cooling medium CM is not essential, as long as the thermal spraying temperature Ta can be maintained within the above-described temperature range without cooling each of the heat-resistant members1by blowing out the cooling medium CM.

As shown inFIG.12B, the plurality of heat-resistant members1annularly arranged side by side may be thermal-sprayed by relatively rotating the plurality of heat-resistant members1and the thermal spray gun30. In this case, the plurality of heat-resistant members1annularly arranged side by side may be held by the jig94, for example. That is, it is preferable that the jig94can hold the plurality of heat-resistant members1annularly arranged. Then, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes sequentially thermal-spraying the plurality of heat-resistant members1held by the jig94, while relatively rotating the plurality of heat-resistant members1and the thermal spray gun30.

The plurality of heat-resistant members1annularly arranged side by side may be fixed and thermal-sprayed by rotating the thermal spray gun30, or the thermal spray gun30may be fixed and the plurality of heat-resistant members1annularly arranged side by side may be thermal-sprayed by rotating the plurality of heat-resistant members1.

If the plurality of heat-resistant members1are rotated, a difference in speed occurs between each heat-resistant member1and surrounding air, obtaining the same cooling effect as the case where air is blown to each heat-resistant member1and making it possible to efficiently cool each heat-resistant member1.

For example, as shown inFIGS.13and14, if the heat-resistant member1has a plurality of holes110opened in the surface of the heat-resistant alloy base material5, such as so-called film cooling holes, the top coat layer9may be formed while ejecting a gas (cooling medium CM) from the plurality of holes110.

Consequently, the thermal spraying temperature Ta can easily be controlled within the above-described temperature range, stabilizing the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating3.

For example, as in the combustor panel1A shown inFIG.2, if the plurality of holes are disposed which communicate with one surface and another surface of the combustor panel1A, for example, as shown inFIG.13, the gas may be ejected from the plurality of holes110by injecting the gas to the surface opposite to the surface formed with the top coat layer9.

Further, in a case where the plurality of holes110communicate with an internal passage120of the heat-resistant member1(seeFIG.14), for example, as in a case where the plurality of holes110communicate with an internal cooling passage of a blade of the turbine blade in the turbine blade, the gas (cooling medium CM) may be ejected from the plurality of holes110by supplying the gas to the passage120communicating with the plurality of holes110.

In some embodiments, the cooling medium CM may be compressed air compressed by a compressor.

With the compressed air compressed by the compressor, the cooling medium CM is easily secured and an increase in cost for cooling can be suppressed.

The compressed air serving as the cooling medium CM may be compressed air compressed by a compressor for generating compressed air for power in a factory, or may be compressed air compressed by a compressor installed to cool the heat-resistant member1.

Further, in some embodiments, the cooling medium CM may include dry ice.

That is, the cooling medium CM may be configured such that dry ice grains or powder having a relatively small grain diameter is conveyed by the compressed air, or the cooling medium CM may be carbon dioxide which is obtained by vaporizing dry ice and has a relatively low temperature.

Consequently, the temperature of the top coat layer9is less likely to rise excessively during the formation of the top coat layer9, stabilizing the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating3.

(Regarding Suppression of Clogging of Plurality of Holes110Opened In Surface of Heat-Resistant Alloy Base Material5)

As described above, in the heat-resistant member1according to some embodiments, for example, in order to perform film cooling, the plurality of holes110(hereinafter, also referred to as the cooling holes110) may be opened in the surface of the heat-resistant member1. In the case of such heat-resistant member1, it is necessary to prevent the material (thermal spray material) of the thermal barrier coating from entering the cooling holes110and clogging the cooling holes110in the process of forming the thermal barrier coating. Therefore, for example, by inserting a masking pin into each cooling hole110in advance, it is possible to prevent the material of the thermal barrier coating from entering each cooling hole110in the process of forming the thermal barrier coating.

However, if the masking pin is used, the masking pin has to be removed from each cooling hole110after the thermal barrier coating is formed. Therefore, the trouble of removing the masking pins increases, as the number of cooling holes110in the heat-resistant member1increases. Accordingly, it is desired to be able to prevent, by a simpler method, the cooling holes110from being clogged in the process of forming the thermal barrier coating.

Therefore, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, for example, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7preferably includes forming the bond coat layer7on the heat-resistant alloy base material5by thermal spraying, while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110opened in the surface of the heat-resistant alloy base material5. That is, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, for example, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7may be a step of forming the bond coat layer7on the heat-resistant alloy base material5by thermal spraying, while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110.

By thus forming the bond coat layer7while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110, the entry of the material (thermal spray material) of the bond coat layer7into the plurality of holes110is suppressed. Thus, in the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7, it is possible to suppress the clogging of the plurality of holes110with the material of the bond coat layer7.

As described above, for example, the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7preferably includes forming the bond coat layer7on the heat-resistant alloy base material5by high velocity flame spraying, while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110.

Thus, the bond coat layer7can be formed by high velocity flame spraying, while suppressing the clogging of the plurality of holes110with the material of the bond coat layer7.

Further, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, for example, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes forming the top coat layer9on the bond coat layer7, which is formed on the heat-resistant alloy base material5, by thermal spraying, while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110opened in the surface of the heat-resistant alloy base material5. That is, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, for example, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9may be a step of forming the top coat layer9on the bond coat layer7, which is formed on the heat-resistant alloy base material5, by thermal spraying, while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110.

By thus forming the top coat layer9while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110, the entry of the material (thermal spray material, that is, ceramic powder) of the top coat layer9into the plurality of holes110is suppressed. Thus, in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, it is possible to suppress the clogging of the plurality of holes110with the material of the top coat layer9.

Further, in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, in case the above-described disadvantage may be caused due to the excessive increase in temperature of the top coat layer9by thermal spraying, it is possible to suppress the excessive increase in temperature of the top coat layer9by ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110.

As described above, for example, the step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes forming the top coat layer9by thermal-spraying the suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes110.

Consequently, the top coat layer9can be formed at a lower running cost and in a shorter time than in the case where the top coat layer9is formed on the bond coat layer7by electron beam physical vapor deposition. Further, if the top coat layer9is formed by suspension high velocity flame spraying, it is also possible to greatly reduce an introduction cost of equipment for forming the top coat layer9.

As described above, for example, as in the combustor panel1A shown inFIG.2, if the plurality of holes are disposed which communicate with one surface and another surface of the combustor panel1A, for example, as shown inFIG.13, the gas is preferably ejected from the plurality of holes110by injecting the gas to the surface opposite to the surface formed with the top coat layer9. Thus, it is possible to easily eject the gas from the plurality of holes.

Further, as shown inFIG.14, in the case where the plurality of holes110communicate with the internal passage120of the heat-resistant member1, as described above, the gas (cooling medium CM) may be ejected from the plurality of holes110by supplying the gas to the passage120communicating with the plurality of holes110. By supplying the gas to the passage120, it is possible to easily eject the gas from the plurality of holes110.

Suppressing the clogging of the cooling holes110with the thermal spray material by ejecting the gas from the plurality of holes in the process of forming the thermal barrier coating as described above is effective regardless of the method of thermal spraying. That is, it is effective in, for example, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF), suspension atmospheric plasma spraying (S-APS), suspension high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF), and the like.

FIG.15is a schematic view for describing an application angle during thermal spraying with respect to the plurality of holes110.

In some embodiments, an application angle θa during thermal spraying with respect to the hole110is an angular difference between an extension direction of the hole110and an injection direction of the thermal spray material (an extension direction of the nozzle31of the thermal spray gun30).

In some embodiments, an inclination angle θb of the hole110is an angular difference between the extension direction of the hole110and an extension direction of a surface5aof the heat-resistant alloy base material5.

The hole110is clogged with the thermal spray material when the application angle θa is around 90 degrees, and it tends to be unlikely that the hole110is clogged as the application angle θa gradually decreases from 90 degrees and approaches 0 degrees.

Further, for example, in atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), a high-temperature plasma jet is used to melt the thermal spray material and adhere the melted thermal spray material to the base material. By contrast, for example, in high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) or suspension high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF), the thermal spray material is caused to collide with the base material at supersonic speed and be adhered to the base material. Thus, as the application angle θa gradually decreases from 90 degrees, it tends to be unlikely that the hole110is clogged in, for example, high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) or suspension high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF) relative to, for example, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS).

In the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, in the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, thermal spraying is preferably performed by setting the angular difference between the extension direction of the hole and the injection direction of the thermal spray material, that is, the application angle θa at not less than 0 degrees and not greater than 80 degrees.

As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it was found that in order to suppress the clogging of the hole110with the material of the top coat layer9, thermal spraying is more preferably performed by setting the application angle θa at not less than 0 degrees and not greater than 80 degrees.

Therefore, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, performing thermal spraying by setting the application angle θa at not less than 0 degrees and not greater than 80 degrees can effectively suppress the clogging of the hole110with the material of the top coat layer.

In the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, the diameter of the hole110is preferably greater than 0.5 mm (for example, not less than 0.533 mm).

As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it was found that in order to suppress the clogging of the hole110with the material of the top coat layer9, the diameter of the hole110is more preferably greater than 0.5 mm (for example, not less than 0.533 mm).

Therefore, in the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to some embodiments, performing thermal spraying by setting such that the diameter of the hole110is greater than 0.5 mm (for example, not less than 0.533 mm) can effectively suppress the clogging of the hole110with the material of the top coat layer9.

FIG.16is a graph showing experimental results regarding a relationship between a hole diameter (diameter) of the hole110and the clogging rate of the hole110with the thermal spray material.

The results shown inFIG.16show that the clogging rate of the hole110due to the difference in thermal spraying method or the presence/absence of the gas (air) ejected from the hole110, when the inclination angle θb of the hole110is 30 degrees and the application angle θa of the hole110is 60 degrees.

In the experiment whose results are shown inFIG.16, the bond coat layer7and the top coat layer9were formed in order on the surface of the heat-resistant alloy test piece corresponding to the above-described heat-resistant alloy base material5. In the experiment whose results are shown inFIG.16, the top coat layer9was formed by suspension high velocity flame spraying, by setting a target value of the film thickness to be the same as the film thickness in the actual device.

The clogging rate on the vertical axis of the graph shown inFIG.16is the percentage of a value obtained by dividing a hole diameter Da of the hole110after the formation of the top coat layer9by a hole diameter Db of the hole110after the formation of the bond coat layer7and subtracting from 1 (1−(Da/Db))({1−(Da/Db)}×100). The hole diameter Db of the hole110after the formation of the bond coat layer7tends to be smaller than the hole diameter of the hole110before the formation of the bond coat layer7, since a part of the hole110is clogged with the thermal spray material of the bond coat layer7.

The hole diameter on the horizontal axis of the graph shown inFIG.16is the hole diameter of the hole110before the formation of the bond coat layer7.

As shown inFIG.16, in the case where thermal spraying is performed without ejecting air from the hole110, although the clogging rate is 100% if the hole diameter of the hole110is not greater than 0.5 mm, the clogging rate falls below approximately 50% if the hole diameter of the hole110is greater than 0.5 mm (for example, not less than 0.533 mm).

Further, as shown inFIG.16, in the case where thermal spraying is performed without ejecting air from the hole110, the clogging rate is lower in the case where the top coat layer9is formed by suspension atmospheric plasma spraying than in the case where the top coat layer9is formed by atmospheric plasma spraying. As shown inFIG.16, in the case where thermal spraying is performed without ejecting air from the hole110, the clogging rate is lower in the case where the top coat layer9is formed by suspension high velocity flame spraying than in the case where the top coat layer9is formed by suspension atmospheric plasma spraying.

As shown inFIG.16, in the case where the top coat layer9is formed by suspension atmospheric plasma spraying and the case where the top coat layer9is formed by suspension high velocity flame spraying, the clogging rate is lower in the case where thermal spraying is performed while ejecting air from the hole110than in the case where thermal spraying is performed without ejecting air from the hole110.

The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and also includes an embodiment obtained by modifying the above-described embodiments or an embodiment obtained by combining these embodiments as appropriate.

The contents described in the above embodiments would be understood as follows, for instance.(1) A method for applying a thermal barrier coating according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a step S20of forming a top coat layer9on a bond coat layer7formed on a heat-resistant alloy base material5of a heat-resistant member1which is an object. The step S20of forming the top coat layer9includes forming the top coat layer9by thermal-spraying a suspension containing ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining a temperature of the top coat layer9at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 450° C.

With the above method (1), the top coat layer9can be formed at a lower running cost and in a shorter time than in the case where the top coat layer9is formed on the bond coat layer7by electron beam physical vapor deposition. Further, with the above method (1), it is also possible to greatly reduce an introduction cost of equipment for forming the top coat layer9.(2) In some embodiments, in the above method (1), the step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes forming the top coat layer9by thermal-spraying the suspension containing the ceramic powder by high velocity flame spraying, while maintaining the above-described temperature at not lower than 300° C. and not higher than 400° C.

With the above method (2), the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating3is further improved.(3) In some embodiments, in the above method (1) or (2), the step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes controlling the above-described temperature by cooling with a cooling medium CM.

With the above method (3), the above-described temperature can easily be controlled within the range as defined in the above (1) or (2) by performing cooling with the cooling medium CM, stabilizing the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating3.(4) In some embodiments, in the above method (3), the cooling medium CM may be compressed air compressed by a compressor.

With the above method (4), the cooling medium CM is easily secured and an increase in cost for cooling can be suppressed.(5) In some embodiments, in the above method (3), the cooling medium CM may include dry ice.

With the above method (5), the temperature of the top coat layer9is less likely to rise excessively during the formation of the top coat layer9, stabilizing the performance such as thermal barrier properties or thermal cycle durability in the thermal barrier coating3.(6) In some embodiments, in any one of the above methods (1) to (5), the step S20of forming the top coat layer9may include forming the top coat layer9by sequentially thermal-spraying a plurality of the objects (heat-resistant members1) attached to a jig93,94.

With the above method (6), the top coat layer9can efficiently be formed with respect to the plurality of objects (heat-resistant members1).(7) In some embodiments, in the above method (6), the jig94is preferably capable of holding the plurality of the objects (heat-resistant members1) annularly arranged. The step S20of forming the top coat layer9preferably includes sequentially thermal-spraying the plurality of the objects (heat-resistant members1) held by the jig94, while relatively rotating the plurality of the objects (heat-resistant members1) and a thermal spray gun30.

With the above method (7), the top coat layer9can efficiently be formed with respect to the plurality of objects (heat-resistant members1). Further, in the above method (7), if the thermal spray gun30is fixed and the plurality of objects (heat-resistant members1) held by the jig94are rotated, a difference in speed occurs between each object (heat-resistant member1) and surrounding air, obtaining the same cooling effect as the case where air is blown to each object (heat-resistant member1) and making it possible to efficiently cool each object (heat-resistant member1).(8) In some embodiments, in any one of the above methods (1) to (7), the above-described ceramic powder preferably contains any of yttria-stabilized zirconia, dysprosia stabilized zirconia, erbia stabilized zirconia, Gd2Zr2O7, or Gd2Hf2O7.

With the above method (8), the thermal barrier coating3having excellent thermal barrier properties is obtained.(9) In some embodiments, any one of the above methods (1) to (8) may further include: a step S10of forming the bond coat layer7on the heat-resistant alloy base material5by high velocity flame spraying.

With the above method (9), the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7includes performing thermal spraying by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF), and the step S20of forming the top coat layer9includes performing thermal spraying by suspension high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (S-HVOF). Thus, with the above method (9), for example, the thermal spray gun30and the thermal spray material supply device are changed between the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7and the step S20of forming the top coat layer9, making it possible to perform the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7and the step S20of forming the top coat layer9in the same thermal spray booth20.

With the above method (9), when the step S20of forming the top coat layer9is performed after the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7, the object (heat-resistant member1) need not be moved to a thermal spray booth different from the thermal spray booth20in which the step S10of forming the bond coat layer7is performed. Thus, it is possible to save the trouble of moving the object (heat-resistant member1) to the different thermal spray booth, or the trouble of, for example, setting the object (heat-resistant member1) until the start of thermal spraying after the object (heat-resistant member1) is moved.(10) A heat-resistant member1according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes the top coat layer9formed by the method for applying the thermal barrier coating according to any one of the above methods (1) to (9).

With the above configuration (10), it is possible to suppress the manufacturing cost of the heat-resistant member1.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST