COMMUNICATION METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM

Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and an apparatus. The method includes: receiving first data; sending second data through a plurality of antenna ports, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on the first data based on a bit mapping relationship; and sending indication information to a terminal device, where the indication information is used by the terminal device to determine the bit mapping relationship, and the bit mapping relationship is used by the terminal device to perform distribution dematching on the second data to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the communication field, and in particular, to a communication method, an apparatus, and a system.

BACKGROUND

To obtain a channel capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, it needs to be assumed that transmitted symbols follow Gaussian distribution. However, in a communication system, for example, a 4th generation (4G) mobile communication system or a 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system, quadrature amplitude modulation (quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM) is typically used. Because the quadrature amplitude modulation is uniform modulation, the quadrature amplitude modulation experiences a performance loss compared with a Gaussian distribution modulation method. In probabilistic shaping (PS), constellation shaping is introduced to set occurrence probabilities of all QAM symbols to follow discrete Gaussian distribution, so that a capacity approximates a capacity in Gaussian distribution.

In the 5G mobile communication system, a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) technology significantly increases a quantity of antennas, especially a quantity of antennas at a transmitting end, to improve a network capacity. Therefore, for multiple-input multiple-output, because a large quantity of antennas are configured for a base station, simultaneous transmission of a large quantity of users may be supported through spatial multi-antenna processing. Therefore, the mMIMO technology is a technology that effectively improves a multi-user capacity.

In conventional technologies, the probabilistic shaping can resist only white Gaussian noise, and for the probabilistic shaping, it is assumed that a channel is an interference-free channel. However, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, the probabilistic shaping cannot effectively resist multi-user interference. Therefore, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, how to use the probabilistic shaping to effectively resist multi-user interference is a technical problem to be resolved by the present invention.

SUMMARY

This application provides a communication method, so that in a MIMO system using probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference.

According to a first aspect, a communication method is provided, including: obtaining first data; sending second data through a plurality of antenna ports, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on the first data based on a bit mapping relationship; and sending indication information to a terminal device, where the indication information is used by the terminal device to determine the bit mapping relationship, and the bit mapping relationship is used by the terminal device to perform distribution dematching on the second data to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Based on the foregoing technical solution, the network device performs distribution matching on user data by using a bit mapping relationship, and then sends, through an air interface, user data obtained through a series of processing. At a receiving end, the network device sends indication information, where the indication information is used for determining the bit mapping relationship. Then, at the receiving end, distribution dematching is performed on the user data by using the determined bit mapping relationship to obtain an estimation of the user data. In this way, in a MIMO system using probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information, and the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ, the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈[0, 2π] or θ∈ [−π, π]. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: obtaining inter-user interference information and predefined constellation point probability information Po; and determining the bit mapping relationship based on the inter-user interference information and the predefined constellation point probability information Po. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second data satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

According to a second aspect, a communication method is provided, including: receiving second data, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on first data, and the second data is sent by the network device through a plurality of antenna ports; receiving indication information; determining a bit mapping relationship based on the indication information; and performing distribution dematching on the second data based on the bit mapping relationship to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Based on the foregoing technical solution, at a receiving end, a terminal device receives the indication information sent by the network device, where the indication information is used by the terminal device to determine the bit mapping relationship. Then, at the receiving end, distribution dematching is performed on user data by using the determined bit mapping relationship to obtain an estimation of the user data. In this way, in a MIMO system using probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information.

The determining a bit mapping relationship based on the indication information includes: determining the bit mapping relationship based on the widely linear precoding information, where the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ. The determining a bit mapping relationship based on the indication information includes: determining the bit mapping relationship based on the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, where the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈ [0, 2π] or θ∈[−π, π]. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P. The determining a bit mapping relationship based on the indication information includes: determining the bit mapping relationship based on the constellation point probability information P. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the second data satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature. Based on the foregoing technical solution, in the MIMO system using the probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, including: a receiving unit, configured to obtain first data; and a sending unit, configured to send second data through a plurality of antenna ports, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on the first data based on a bit mapping relationship, where the sending unit is configured to send indication information to a terminal device, where the indication information is used by the terminal device to determine the bit mapping relationship, and the bit mapping relationship is used by the terminal device to perform distribution dematching on the second data to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information, and the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ, the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈ [0, 2π] or θ∈[−π, π].

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the apparatus further includes: the receiving unit, configured to obtain inter-user interference information and predefined constellation point probability information Po; and a processing unit, configured to determine the bit mapping relationship based on the inter-user interference information and the predefined constellation point probability information Po.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the second data satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature.

According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, including: a receiving unit, configured to receive second data, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on first data, and the second data is sent by the network device through a plurality of antenna ports, where the receiving unit is configured to receive indication information; and a processing unit, configured to determine a bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, where the processing unit is configured to perform distribution dematching on the second data based on the bit mapping relationship to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information. The processing unit is specifically configured to: determine the bit mapping relationship based on the widely linear precoding information, where the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ. The processing unit is specifically configured to: determine the bit mapping relationship based on the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, where the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈ [0, 2π] or θ∈[−π, π].

With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P. The processing unit is specifically configured to: determine the bit mapping relationship based on the constellation point probability information P.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information.

With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the second data satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature.

According to a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions are run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, or perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.

According to a sixth aspect, a chip system is provided. The chip system includes: a processor, where the processor is coupled to a memory, and the memory is configured to store instructions. The processor is configured to invoke the instructions from the memory and execute the instructions, so that a communication device in which the chip system is installed performs the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, or performs the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The following describes the technical solutions in this application with reference to accompanying drawings.

A network device in embodiments of this application may be a device configured to communicate with the terminal device. The network device may be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communications GSM or a code division multiple access CDMA system, a NodeB (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, an evolved NodeB (evolved NodeB, eNB, or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the network device may be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a network device in a future 5G network, a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, or the like. This is not limited in embodiments of this application.

The terminal device in embodiments of this application may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile console, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, a user apparatus, or the like.

The terminal device may be a device that provides voice/data connectivity for a user, for example, a handheld device or a vehicle-mounted device that has a wireless connection function. Currently, examples of some terminals are as follows: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palmtop computer, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control (industrial control), a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery (remote medical surgery), a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city (smart city), a wireless terminal in a smart home, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having a wireless communication function, a computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN). This is not limited in embodiments of this application.

By way of example and not limitation, in embodiments of this application, the terminal device may alternatively be a wearable device. The wearable device may also be referred to as a wearable smart device, and is a general term of a wearable device that is intelligently designed and developed for daily wear by using a wearable technology, for example, glasses, gloves, a watch, clothing, and shoes. The wearable device is a portable device that can be directly worn on a body or integrated into clothes or an accessory of a user. The wearable device is not merely a hardware device, but is used to implement a powerful function through software support, data exchange, and cloud interaction. A generalized wearable smart device includes a full-featured and large-sized device that can implement complete or partial functions without depending on a smartphone, such as a smart watch or smart glasses, and a device that focuses on only one type of application function and needs to work with another device such as a smartphone, such as various smart bands for monitoring physical signs or smart jewelry.

In addition, in embodiments of this application, the terminal device may alternatively be a terminal device in an internet of things (IoT) system. The IoT is an important part of future development of information technologies. A main technical feature of the IoT is to connect things to a network by using a communication technology to implement an intelligent network for interconnection between a person and a machine or between things. The terminal device in this application may alternatively be a vehicle-mounted module, a vehicle-mounted assembly, a vehicle-mounted component, a vehicle-mounted chip, or a vehicle-mounted unit that is built in a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle may implement a method in this application by using the vehicle-mounted module, the vehicle-mounted assembly, the vehicle-mounted component, the vehicle-mounted chip, or the vehicle-mounted unit that is built in the vehicle. Therefore, embodiments of this application may be applied to the internet of vehicles, for example, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), long term evolution-vehicle (LTE-V), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V).

In addition, the network device in embodiments of this application may be a device configured to communicate with the terminal device. The network device may also be referred to as an access network device or a radio access network device. The network device may be a transmission reception point (TRP), an evolved NodeB (evolved NodeB, eNB, or eNodeB) in an LTE system, a home NodeB (for example, a home evolved NodeB or a home NodeB, HNB), a base band unit (BBU), or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the network device may be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a network device in a 5G network, a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, or the like. The network device may be an access point (AP) in a WLAN or a gNB in a new radio (NR) system. This is not limited in embodiments of this application.

FIG.1is a diagram of an architecture of an application system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown inFIG.1, a network device schedules K users in total to initiate downlink transmission. For data corresponding to any one of the users, for example, a user k, the network device adjusts a bit mapping relationship based on inter-user interference information of multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO). In other words, for data of the user k, distribution matching is first performed on the user data based on the bit mapping relationship, and after subsequent processing such as forward error correction encoding, constellation modulation, and multi-user spatial precoding, the user data is sent through an air interface. Then, at a receiving end, multi-user detection is first performed on the data of the user k, processing such as constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding is performed, and the bit mapping relationship is obtained based on indication information sent by the network device. Finally, distribution dematching is performed, based on the bit mapping relationship, on the data of the user k on which the processing such as forward error correction decoding is performed, to obtain an estimated value of the data of the user k.

FIG.2is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown inFIG.2, the method specifically includes the following steps.

S210: A network device obtains first data.

Specifically, the network device obtains first data sent by K users. Any one of the users, for example, a user k, is used as an example. That is, the network device receives first data dksent by the user k.

For ease of understanding, in the following embodiments, the first data dkis used as an example for description.

S220: The network device obtains second data by performing distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on the first data.

Specifically, the network device performs distribution matching on the first data based on a bit mapping relationship. For example, the network device performs bit mapping on the first data dkbased on a bit mapping relationship Z to obtain a bit stream d′k, where d′k=Z(dk). Then, the network device performs forward error correction encoding and modulation on the bit stream d′kto obtain the second data. The second data bkis represented as bk=CM(d′k), where CM(⋅) represents performing forward error correction encoding and modulation on the bit stream d′kof the user.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information. Specifically, the network device obtains inter-user interference information I among a plurality of users, determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the inter-user interference information I, and then performs bit mapping on the first data dkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z to obtain the bit stream d′k.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, before step S220is performed, the method may further include: obtaining inter-user interference information I and predefined constellation point probability information Po; and determining, by the network device, the bit mapping relationship Z based on the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Po.

Specifically, the bit mapping relationship Z may be understood as a function relationship in which the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Poare variables. To be specific, the bit mapping relationship Z may be represented as Z=f(P0,I). After determining the bit mapping relationship Z based on the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Po, the network device performs bit mapping on the received first data dkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z to obtain the bit stream d′kafter the bit mapping, that is, d′k=Z(dk).

The predefined constellation point probability information Posatisfies uniform distribution or discrete Gaussian distribution, and the inter-user interference information I may be determined based on a transmit constellation diagram, a precoding matrix, and radio channel information of another user.

It should be noted that the second data bksatisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature, which may mean that an I-channel signal and a Q-channel signal of the second data bkare no longer independent and identically distributed, or a pseudo covariance matrix of the second data bkis not zero.

It should be further noted that in this embodiment of this application, the forward error correction encoding may be of the following types: for example, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, a polar code, a turbo code, or a convolutional code. A modulation method, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation QAM, in an existing communication system may be reused in constellation modulation. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, after step S220, the method may further include: The network device performs spatial multi-user precoding on the second data bkto obtain processed data. The spatial multi-user precoding may use zero-forcing beamforming ZFBF or widely linear precoding. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

S230: The network device sends the second data to a terminal device through a plurality of antenna ports, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the second data.

S240: The network device sends indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information is used by the terminal device to determine the bit mapping relationship. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the indication information. Specifically, after receiving the indication information, the terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information.

S250: The terminal device performs distribution dematching on the second data based on the bit mapping relationship to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information, and the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2.

Specifically, the network device generates irregular Gaussian signaling by using the foregoing manners such as the distribution matching, the forward error correction encoding, and constellation modulation. Because the widely linear precoding may also implement transformation from regular Gaussian signaling to irregular Gaussian signaling, for simplicity, the network device does not directly send the foregoing bit mapping relationship Z to the terminal device. In this case, the network device obtains the widely linear precoding information T1and T2, and sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the widely linear precoding information T1and T2.

Then, the terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the received widely linear precoding information T1and T2, and further performs distribution dematching on the second data bkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ, where the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈ [0, 2π] or θ∈[−π, π].

Specifically, the network device generates irregular Gaussian signaling by using the foregoing manners such as the distribution matching, the forward error correction encoding, and constellation modulation. Because the irregular Gaussian signaling may be represented by using the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, for simplicity, the network device may not directly send the foregoing bit mapping relationship Z to the terminal device. In this case, the network device obtains the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, and sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ.

Then, the terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the received non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, and further performs distribution dematching on the second data bkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P.

Specifically, the network device generates irregular Gaussian signaling by using the foregoing manners such as the distribution matching, the forward error correction encoding, and constellation modulation. Because the irregular Gaussian signaling changes the constellation point probability information, to be specific, from the predefined constellation point probability information Poto constellation point probability information P, for simplicity, the network device does not directly send the foregoing bit mapping relationship Z to the terminal device. In this case, the network device obtains the constellation point probability information P, and sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the constellation point probability information P.

Then, the terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the received constellation point probability information P, and further performs distribution dematching on the second data bkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship.

Specifically, the bit mapping relationship Z may be preconfigured by a core network. After obtaining the bit mapping relationship Z, the network device sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship Z. Then, the terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the received indication information, and further performs distribution dematching on the second data bkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

Optionally, in a possible implementation, after step S230, the method may further include: The terminal device performs spatial multi-user detection, constellation demodulation, and forward error correction decoding on the received second data.

Specifically, first, the terminal device performs spatial multi-user detection on the second data bkto obtain an estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof the second data. A linear receiver may be used in the spatial multi-user detection. To be specific, linear processing is performed on received data and conjugate of the data, for example, in a manner of using a minimum mean square error receiver or in a manner of widely linear detection. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

Then, the terminal device performs constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding by using a receiving-end algorithm corresponding to the foregoing constellation modulation and forward error correction encoding to obtain a bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}′k.

Finally, the terminal device performs distribution dematching on the bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}kbased on the bit mapping relationship Z determined based on the indication information to obtain an estimated value {circumflex over (d)}kof the first data.

It should be noted that in this embodiment of this application, the forward error correction encoding may be of the following types: for example, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, a polar code, a turbo code, or a convolutional code. A modulation method, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation QAM, in an existing communication system may be reused in constellation modulation. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

With reference toFIG.3toFIG.5, the following describes in detail several specific implementations of the communication method200shown inFIG.2.

FIG.3is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown inFIG.3, the method specifically includes the following steps.

S310: A network device obtains inter-user interference information I and predefined constellation point probability information Po.

The predefined constellation point probability information Posatisfies uniform distribution or discrete Gaussian distribution, and the inter-user interference information I is determined based on a transmit constellation diagram, a precoding matrix, and radio channel information of another user.

S320: The network device determines a bit mapping relationship Z based on the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Po, and performs bit mapping on the received user data based on the bit mapping relationship Z.

Specifically, the bit mapping relationship Z may be understood as a function relationship in which the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Poare variables. To be specific, the bit mapping relationship may be represented as Z=f(P0,I). It is assumed that any one of K users, for example, a user k, is used as an example. The network device receives first data dksent by the user k. First, the network device performs bit mapping on the first data dkbased on the obtained bit mapping relationship Z to obtain a bit stream d′kafter the bit mapping, where d′k=Z(dk).

Second, after bit mapping is performed on the first data dkbased on the bit mapping relationship Z, the bit stream d′kis obtained, and forward error correction encoding and constellation modulation processing are performed on the obtained bit stream d′kto obtain a modulation symbol bk. The modulation symbol bkmay be represented as bk=CM(d′k), where CM(⋅) represents performing forward error correction encoding and constellation modulation on the bit stream.

It should be noted that the modulation symbol bksatisfies an updated constellation point probability P, and the modulation symbol bkthat satisfies the updated constellation point probability P also satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature, which may mean that an I-channel signal and a Q-channel signal of the modulation symbol bkare no longer independent and identically distributed, or a pseudo covariance matrix of the modulation symbol bkis not zero.

For example, the pseudo covariance matrixC′bkof the modulation symbol bkmay be represented by using formula (3-1):

E(⋅) represents calculating an expectation. (⋅)Trepresents a transposed matrix of a matrix. mkrepresents a quantity of streams of the modulation symbol bk.

S330: The network device sends indication information to a terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the indication information sent by the network device, where the indication information includes widely linear precoding information T1and T2.

Specifically, the network device generates irregular Gaussian signaling by using the foregoing manners such as the distribution matching, the forward error correction encoding, and constellation modulation. Because widely linear precoding may also implement transformation from regular Gaussian signaling to irregular Gaussian signaling, for simplicity, the network device does not directly send the foregoing bit mapping relationship Z to the terminal device. In this case, the network device obtains the widely linear precoding information T1and T2, and sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the equivalent widely linear precoding information T1and T2.

For example, a user k is used as an example for description. For the user k, widely linear precoding information T1,kand T2,kof the user k are matrices of mk*mk. The network device may obtain the widely linear precoding information T1,kand T2,kof the user k in a codebook quantization manner. For example, the network device can obtain T1,kand T2,kbased on a DFT codebook and the following formula (3-2):

bk|represents a modulation symbol that satisfies the predefined constellation point probability information Po, may be represented as=CM(dk), and may be understood as a modulation symbol obtained without performing interference-oriented probabilistic shaping on a data stream., is equivalent to a symbol obtained by directly performing conventional probabilistic shaping-based coding modulation on data. b*krepresents a conjugate matrix of.

It should be noted that in this embodiment of this application, the predefined constellation point probability information Pomay be evenly distributed or follow discrete Gaussian distribution. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

S340: The terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the widely linear precoding information T1and T2.

S350: The terminal device performs bit demapping based on the determined bit mapping relationship Z.

It should be noted that before performing distribution dematching based on the bit mapping relationship Z, the terminal device further needs to perform spatial multi-user detection to obtain an estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof the modulation symbol bk, and then perform constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing on {circumflex over (b)}kto obtain a bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}′k.

A linear receiver may be used in the spatial multi-user detection. To be specific, linear processing is performed on received data and conjugate of the data, for example, in a manner of using a minimum mean square error receiver or in a manner of widely linear detection. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the forward error correction encoding may be of the following types: for example, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, a polar code, a turbo code, or a convolutional code. A modulation method, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation QAM, in an existing communication system may be reused in constellation modulation. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

In step S340, the terminal device determines and obtains the bit mapping relationship Z based on the widely linear precoding information T1and T2included in the obtained indication information.

For example, a user k is used as an example. The terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on widely linear precoding information T1,kand T2,kthat are corresponding to the user k and that are included in the indication information, the bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}′kobtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing, and the estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof the modulation symbol, as shown in the following formula (3-3):

bk* represents a conjugate matrixbk, {circumflex over (b)}kof represents the estimation of the modulation symbol.bkmay be obtained based on the following formula (3-4):

{circumflex over (d)}krepresents the bit data stream obtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing. Z−1(⋅) represents an inverse operation of the bit mapping relationship Z. CM(⋅) represents performing forward error correction encoding and constellation modulation on a bit stream.

After determining the bit mapping relationship Z based on the foregoing formulas (3-3) and (3-4), the terminal device performs distribution dematching based on the bit mapping relationship Z and the following formula (3-5), that is, performs bit demapping to obtain an estimation {circumflex over (d)}kof the restored first data.

{circumflex over (d)}krepresents the estimation of the first data obtained through the bit demapping. {circumflex over (d)}kis the bit data stream obtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing. Z−(⋅) is an inverse operation of the bit mapping relationship Z.

FIG.4is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown inFIG.4, the method specifically includes the following steps.

S410: A network device obtains inter-user interference information I and predefined constellation point probability information Po.

S420: The network device determines a bit mapping relationship Z based on the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Po, and performs bit mapping.

It should be noted that S410and S420are similar to S310and S320described above. For brevity, details are not described herein again in this application.

S430: The network device sends indication information to a terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the indication information sent by the network device, where the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ.

Specifically, the network device generates irregular Gaussian signaling by using the foregoing manners such as the distribution matching, the forward error correction encoding, and constellation modulation. Because the irregular Gaussian signaling may be represented by using the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, for simplicity, the network device does not directly send the foregoing bit mapping relationship Z to the terminal device. In this case, the network device obtains the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, and sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ.

For example, a user k is used as an example for description. For the user k, the indication information sent by the network device includes a non-circularity coefficient τkand a rotation angle θkthat are corresponding to the user k. In this case, the obtained irregular Gaussian signaling may be represented by using the following formula (4-1):

τkrepresents the non-circularity coefficient of the user k. b−krepresents a modulation symbol that satisfies the predefined constellation point probability information Po, may be represented as b|k=CM(dk), and may be understood as a modulation symbol obtained without performing interference-oriented probabilistic shaping on a data stream.is equivalent to a symbol obtained by directly performing conventional probabilistic shaping-based coding modulation on data.represents a conjugate matrix of b□k. θkrepresents the rotation angle of the user k. j is an imaginary part unit, and j2=1.

It should be noted that in this embodiment of this application, Pomay be evenly distributed or follow discrete Gaussian distribution. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

It should be further noted that for the user k, the network device may obtain, in a quantization manner, the non-circularity coefficient τkand the rotation angle θkthat are corresponding to the user k.

For example, the network device may obtain the non-circularity coefficient τkand the rotation angle θkin a uniform quantization manner based on the following formula (4-2):

τkrepresents the non-circularity coefficient of the user k.represents a modulation symbol that satisfies the predefined constellation point probability information Po, may be represented as b|k=CM(dk), and may be understood as a modulation symbol obtained without performing interference-oriented probabilistic shaping on a data stream. b−kis equivalent to a symbol obtained by directly performing conventional probabilistic shaping-based coding modulation on data.represents a conjugate matrix of b□k. θkrepresents the rotation angle of the user k. j is an imaginary part unit, and j2=1.

S440: The terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ that are included in the indication information.

S450: The terminal device performs bit demapping based on the determined bit mapping relationship Z.

It should be noted that before performing distribution dematching based on the bit mapping relationship Z, the terminal device further needs to perform spatial multi-user detection to obtain an estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof a modulation symbol bk, and then perform constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing on {circumflex over (b)}kto obtain a bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}k.

A linear receiver may be used in the spatial multi-user detection. To be specific, linear processing is performed on received data and conjugate of the data, for example, in a manner of using a minimum mean square error receiver or in a manner of widely linear detection. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the forward error correction encoding may be of the following types: for example, an LDPC code, a polar code, a turbo code, or a convolutional code. A modulation method, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation QAM, in an existing communication system may be reused in constellation modulation. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

In step S440, the terminal device determines and obtains the bit mapping relationship Z based on the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ that are included in the obtained indication information.

For example, a user k is used as an example. The terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on a non-circularity coefficient τkand a rotation angle θkthat are corresponding to the user k and that are included in the indication information, the bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}′kobtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing, and the estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof the modulation symbol, as shown in the following formula (4-3):

bk* represents a conjugate matrix ofbk, {circumflex over (b)}krepresents the estimation of the modulation symbol.bkmay be obtained based on the following formula (4-4):

{circumflex over (d)}krepresents the bit data stream obtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing. Z−1(⋅) represents an inverse operation of the bit mapping relationship Z. CM(⋅) represents performing forward error correction encoding and constellation modulation on a bit stream.

After determining the bit mapping relationship Z based on the foregoing formulas (4-3) and (4-4), the terminal device performs distribution dematching based on the bit mapping relationship Z and the following formula (4-5), that is, performs bit demapping to obtain an estimation {circumflex over (d)}kof the restored first data.

{circumflex over (d)}krepresents the estimation of the first data obtained through the bit demapping. {circumflex over (d)}′kis the bit data stream obtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing. Z−1(⋅) is an inverse operation of the bit mapping relationship Z.

FIG.5is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown inFIG.5, the method specifically includes the following steps.

S510: A network device obtains inter-user interference information I and predefined constellation point probability information Po.

S520: The network device determines a bit mapping relationship Z based on the inter-user interference information I and the predefined constellation point probability information Po, and performs bit mapping.

It should be noted that S510and S520are similar to S310and S320described above. For brevity, details are not described herein again in this application.

S530: The network device sends indication information to a terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the indication information sent by the network device, where the indication information includes a constellation point probability P.

Specifically, the network device generates irregular Gaussian signaling by using the foregoing manners such as the distribution matching, the forward error correction encoding, and constellation modulation. Because the irregular Gaussian signaling changes the constellation point probability, to be specific, from Poto P, for simplicity, the network device does not directly send the foregoing bit mapping relationship Z to the terminal device. In this case, the network device obtains the constellation point probability P, and sends the indication information to the terminal device, where the indication information includes the constellation point probability P.

S540: The terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the constellation point probability P. For example, a user k is used as an example for description. For the user k, the indication information received by the terminal device includes the constellation point probability P.

S550: The terminal device performs bit demapping based on the determined bit mapping relationship Z.

It should be noted that before performing distribution dematching based on the bit mapping relationship Z, the terminal device further needs to perform spatial multi-user detection to obtain an estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof a modulation symbol bk, and then perform constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing on {circumflex over (b)}kto obtain a bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}′k.

A linear receiver may be used in the spatial multi-user detection. To be specific, linear processing is performed on received data and conjugate of the data, for example, in a manner of using a minimum mean square error receiver or in a manner of widely linear detection. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the forward error correction encoding may be of the following types: for example, an LDPC code, a polar code, a turbo code, or a convolutional code. A modulation method, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation QAM, in an existing communication system may be reused in constellation modulation. It should be understood that this is not limited in embodiments of this application.

In step S540, the terminal device determines and obtains the bit mapping relationship Z based on the constellation point probability P included in the obtained indication information.

For example, a user k is used as an example. The terminal device determines the bit mapping relationship Z based on the constellation point probability P that is corresponding to the user k and that is included in the indication information, the bit data stream {circumflex over (d)}′kobtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing, and the estimation {circumflex over (b)}kof the modulation symbol, as shown in the following formula (5-1):

{circumflex over (P)} represents an estimation of the constellation point probability P.bkmay be obtained based on the following formula (5-2):

{circumflex over (d)}′krepresents the bit data stream obtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing. Z−1(⋅) represents an inverse operation of the bit mapping relationship Z. CM(⋅) represents performing forward error correction encoding and constellation modulation on a bit stream.

After determining the bit mapping relationship Z based on the foregoing formulas (5-1) and (5-2), the terminal device performs distribution dematching based on the bit mapping relationship Z and the following formula (5-3), that is, performs bit demapping to obtain an estimation {circumflex over (d)}kof the restored first data.

{circumflex over (d)}krepresents the estimation of the first data obtained through the bit demapping. {circumflex over (d)}′kis the bit data stream obtained through the constellation demodulation and forward error correction decoding processing. Z−1(⋅) is an inverse operation of the bit mapping relationship Z.

Based on the foregoing technical solution, in a MIMO system using probabilistic shaping, the probabilistic shaping can be used to effectively resist multi-user interference. In addition, in this embodiment of this application, the network device does not directly send the bit mapping relationship, but sends the indication information, and determines the bit mapping relationship based on the indication information, so that signaling overheads can be reduced.

Embodiments described in this specification may be independent solutions, or may be combined based on internal logic. All of these solutions fall within the protection scope of this application.

It may be understood that in the foregoing method embodiments, the methods and the operations that are implemented by the devices may alternatively be implemented by a component (for example, a chip or a circuit) of a corresponding device.

The foregoing mainly describes the solutions provided in embodiments of this application from a perspective of interaction between the devices. It may be understood that to implement the foregoing functions, each network element, such as a transmit-end device or a receive-end device, includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performing each function. A person skilled in the art should be able to be aware that in combination with units and algorithm steps of the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, this application may be implemented by hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed by hardware or hardware driven by computer software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.

In embodiments of this application, functional modules of a transmit-end device or a receive-end device may be divided based on the foregoing method examples. For example, functional modules may be divided based on functions, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module may be implemented in a form of hardware, or may be implemented in a form of a software functional module. It should be noted that in embodiments of this application, module division is an example, and is merely a logical function division. During actual implementation, another division manner may be used. Descriptions are provided below by using an example in which each functional module is obtained through division corresponding to each function.

It should be understood that specific examples in embodiments of this application are merely intended to help a person skilled in the art better understand embodiments of this application, but are not intended to limit the scope of embodiments of this application.

The methods provided in embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference toFIG.2toFIG.5. Apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application are described below in detail with reference toFIG.6toFIG.8. It should be understood that descriptions of apparatus embodiments correspond to the descriptions of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.

FIG.6is a block diagram of a communication apparatus600according to an embodiment of this application. It should be understood that the apparatus600includes a receiving unit610, a sending unit620, and a processing unit630.

The receiving unit610is configured to obtain first data. The sending unit620is configured to send second data through a plurality of antenna ports, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on the first data based on a bit mapping relationship. The sending unit620is configured to send indication information to a terminal device, where the indication information is used by the terminal device to determine the bit mapping relationship, and the bit mapping relationship is used by the terminal device to perform distribution dematching on the second data to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information, and the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2.

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient τ and a rotation angle θ, the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈ [0, 2π] or θ∈[−π, π].

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P.

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship.

In a possible implementation, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information.

In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes: the receiving unit610, configured to obtain inter-user interference information and predefined constellation point probability information Po; and the processing unit630, configured to determine the bit mapping relationship based on the inter-user interference information and the predefined constellation point probability information Po.

In a possible implementation, the second data satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature.

FIG.7is a block diagram of a communication apparatus700according to an embodiment of this application. It should be understood that the apparatus700includes a receiving unit710and a processing unit720.

The receiving unit710is configured to receive second data, where the second data is obtained by performing, by a network device, distribution matching, forward error correction encoding, and modulation on first data, and the second data is sent by the network device through a plurality of antenna ports. The receiving unit710is configured to receive indication information. The processing unit720is configured to determine a bit mapping relationship based on the indication information. The processing unit720is configured to perform distribution dematching on the second data based on the bit mapping relationship to obtain an estimated value of the first data.

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes widely linear precoding information. The processing unit720is specifically configured to: determine the bit mapping relationship based on the widely linear precoding information, where the widely linear precoding information includes two precoding matrices T1and T2.

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes a non-circularity coefficient r and a rotation angle θ. The processing unit720is specifically configured to: determine the bit mapping relationship based on the non-circularity coefficient τ and the rotation angle θ, where the non-circularity coefficient τ satisfies τ∈[0, 1], and the rotation angle θ satisfies θ∈ [0, 2π] or θ∈[−π, π].

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes constellation point probability information P. The processing unit730is specifically configured to: determine the bit mapping relationship based on the constellation point probability information P.

In a possible implementation, the indication information includes the bit mapping relationship.

In a possible implementation, the bit mapping relationship is related to inter-user interference information.

In a possible implementation, the second data satisfies an irregular Gaussian signaling feature.

It should be understood that division of the modules in the communication apparatus is merely logical function division. During actual implementation, all or some of the modules may be integrated into one physical entity or may be physically separated. In addition, all modules in the communication apparatus may be implemented in a form of software invoked by a processing element, or may be implemented in a form of hardware; or some modules may be implemented in a form of software invoked by a processing element, and some modules may be implemented in a form of hardware. For example, the modules may be processing elements that are separately disposed, or may be integrated into a chip of the communication apparatus for implementation. In addition, the modules may be stored in a memory in a form of a program, and are invoked by a processing element of the communication apparatus to perform functions of the modules. In addition, all or some of the modules may be integrated, or may be implemented independently. The processing element herein may also be referred to as a processor, and may be an integrated circuit having a signal processing capability. In an implementation process, steps of the foregoing methods or the foregoing modules may be implemented by using a hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor element, or may be implemented in a form of software invoked by the processing element.

In an example, a module in any one of the foregoing communication apparatuses may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the foregoing method, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. For another example, when the module in the communication apparatus may be implemented in a form of scheduling a program by a processing element, the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), or another processor that can invoke a program. For still another example, the modules may be integrated together, and implemented in a form of a system-on-a-chip (SoC).

FIG.8is a diagram of a communication apparatus800according to an embodiment of this application. The communication apparatus is configured to implement operations of a protocol client, a protocol server, and a management library in the foregoing embodiments. As shown inFIG.8, the communication apparatus includes a processor810and an interface830. The processor810is coupled to the interface830. The interface830is configured to communicate with another device. The interface830may be a transceiver or an input/output interface. The interface830may be, for example, an interface circuit. Optionally, the communication apparatus further includes a memory820configured to store instructions executed by the processor810or store input data required by the processor810to run the instructions, or store data generated after the processor810runs the instructions.

The method performed by the network device or the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by the processor810by invoking a program stored in a memory (which may be the memory820in the network device or the terminal device, or may be an external memory). In other words, the network device and the terminal device may include the processor810. The processor810invokes a program in the memory to perform the method performed by the network device and the terminal device in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor herein may be an integrated circuit having a signal processing capability, for example, a CPU. The network device and the terminal device may be implemented by configuring as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the foregoing methods, for example, one or more ASICs, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more FPGAs, or a combination of at least two of the integrated circuit forms. Alternatively, the foregoing implementations may be combined.

Specifically, functions/implementation processes of the units inFIG.6andFIG.7may be implemented by the processor810in the communication apparatus800shown inFIG.8by invoking the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory820. Alternatively, functions/implementation processes of the processing units inFIG.6andFIG.7may be implemented by the processor810in the communication apparatus800shown inFIG.8by invoking the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory820, and functions/implementation processes of the receiving unit or the sending unit inFIG.6andFIG.7may be implemented by the interface830in the communication apparatus800shown inFIG.8.

It should be understood that the processing unit in the apparatus includes a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program or instructions and/or data. The processor is configured to execute the computer program or the instructions and/or the data stored in the memory, so that the method in the foregoing method embodiments is executed.

It should be further understood that division of the units in the apparatus is merely logical function division. During actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity or may be physically separated. In addition, all the units in the apparatus may be implemented in a form of software invoked by a processing element, or may be implemented in a form of hardware; or some units may be implemented in a form of software invoked by a processing element, and some units may be implemented in a form of hardware. For example, the units may be processing elements that are separately disposed, or may be integrated into a chip of the apparatus for implementation. In addition, the units may alternatively be stored in a memory in a form of a program, and are invoked by a processing element of the apparatus to perform functions of the units. The processing element herein may also be referred to as a processor, and may be an integrated circuit having a signal processing capability. In an implementation process, steps of the foregoing methods or the foregoing units may be implemented by using a hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor element, or may be implemented in a form of software invoked by the processing element.

An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The system includes: the foregoing network device and the foregoing terminal device.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable medium configured to store a computer program. The computer program includes instructions for performing the communication methods in embodiments of this application. The readable medium may be a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM). This is not limited in embodiments of this application.

This application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes instructions. When the instructions are executed, a network device and a terminal device perform operations corresponding to the network device and the terminal device in the foregoing method.

An embodiment of this application further provides a system chip. The system chip includes: a processing unit and a communication unit. The processing unit may be, for example, a processor, and the communication unit may be, for example, an input/output interface, a pin, or a circuit. The processing unit may execute computer instructions, so that a chip in the communication apparatus performs any communication method provided in the foregoing embodiments of this application.

Optionally, the computer instructions are stored in a storage unit.

Optionally, the storage unit is a storage unit in the chip, for example, a register or a cache. Alternatively, the storage unit may be a storage unit that is in a terminal and that is located outside the chip, for example, a ROM or another type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, or a RAM. Any processor mentioned above may be a CPU, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits configured to control program execution of the foregoing communication method. The processing unit and the storage unit may be decoupled, are disposed on different physical devices respectively, and are connected in a wired or wireless manner, to implement respective functions of the processing unit and the storage unit, to support the system chip in implementing various functions in the foregoing embodiments. Alternatively, the processing unit and the memory may be coupled to a same device.

It may be understood that the memory in this embodiment of this application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. The non-volatile memory may be a ROM, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a RAM and serves as an external cache. There are a plurality of different types of RAMs, for example, a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct rambus random access memory (DR RAM).

In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.