Portable turbine systems

Novel apparatus and techniques for harnessing wind and/or moving-liquid energy using one or more portable turbine systems are disclosed. One embodiment includes a portable stream turbine system having a hub with many paddles, held by an axle in a housing. The system further includes a disk fixed to the hub and extended out of the housing to be also fixed to a gear structure, which is connected to a generator. The output of the generator can be connected to electronics to perform different functions. Another embodiment includes a number of portable turbine systems removably attached together to form an array. In one example, the number of portable turbine systems in an array can be adjustable, depending on needs. The different embodiments regarding a stream turbine system can further include a floatation mechanism to keep the different embodiments afloat or partially afloat in a fluid. The different embodiments regarding a stream turbine system or an array of stream turbine systems can also include a drifting prevention mechanism to prevent the embodiments from being drifted away, and to substantially maintain the orientation of the embodiments in a fluid.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to turbines and more particularly to portable turbines.

2. Description of the Related Art

Energy from wind and flowing liquid are renewable and clean natural resources. They do not pollute the environment, and could provide tremendous amount of the energies we need. Thus, it is not surprising that numerous countries are increasingly depending on large wind and water turbines for their energy. For example, in 2007, wind power provides about 20% of Denmark's electricity.

Many other countries are setting ambitious targets requiring 10 or more percentage of their energy from these renewable resources. For example, New Jersey has targeted offshore wind farms to help them produce 22.5% of their power from renewable energy sources by 2021. Rhode Island has approved its plan to build a 385-megawatt wind farm off their coast. When completed, the farm would supply 15% of Rhode Island's power. These projects are on the right track, but face numerous challenges. For example, they are very expensive. The Rhode Island project would cost more than $1 billion. In addition, such large projects with huge turbines require zoning and permits, and have their environmental impact. It is not uncommon to take a number of years before construction can even start. In view of large fluctuation in oil prices and the possibility of global recession, realizing these large and expensive projects may be very difficult.

It should be apparent from the foregoing that there is still a need for ways to harness the flowing-liquid and/or wind power in a smaller scale.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention provides an inexpensive and portable turbine system that is easily transportable. The turbine system can generate electricity for different purposes, such as to charge a battery, a computer and a cellular phone, and to run other electrical devices. With the systems being portable, a user can take it around and have power even when the user is stranded in a remote and isolated area. For example, if there is a running stream nearby, a portable stream turbine system, according to one embodiment, can provide electricity for the user.

In another embodiment, a number of portable turbine systems are connected together. Such an array of turbines generates more power than a single one. The number of turbine systems to be connected can be adjustable, depending on the needs of the user.

Different embodiments of the invention can be implemented in numerous ways including, a method, system, device, and a computer readable medium. Several embodiments of the invention are discussed below.

In one embodiment, a portable turbine system has a rotor assembly, which includes a shaft or an axle with blades attached. When fluid hits the blades, they rotate and generate electricity. The fluid can be, for example, air or water. In one approach, the rotor assembly can rotate in a way similar to a fan.

In another embodiment, a portable turbine system includes a hub with paddles, held by a shaft or an axle in a housing. The housing includes an input channel and an output channel, both located close to the bottom of the housing. Also, the system includes a disk, which can be in the shape of a cylinder, fixed to the hub and extended out of the housing to be also fixed to at least a gear of a gear structure. As fluid pushes the paddles, the hub turns, which turns the disk and the gears to run a generator. The output of the generator can be connected to a number of electrical components to perform a function.

Instead of a type of fluid moving through a relatively stationary turbine system, in one embodiment, the portable turbine system is moved through the fluid to generate electricity.

In one application, a portable turbine system according to one embodiment is used to measure the speed of flow of a fluid turning its paddles. In one embodiment, the turbine system can wirelessly transmit information regarding the speed measured to another device.

Yet another embodiment includes a number of portable turbine systems. The turbine systems can be removably attached together by connecting mechanisms. The number of such portable turbine systems to be connected together can be adjustable, depending on the needs of the user.

In one example, a portable stream turbine system or an array of stream turbine systems can include a floatation mechanism. Using a stream turbine system as an example, the floatation mechanism keeps the turbine system afloat on a liquid, with at least a portion of its input channel in the liquid. The floatation mechanism can be a gaseous balloon. In another example, the floatation mechanism can be a platform made of floating materials. The stream turbine system can be supported by the platform, with at least a portion of the turbine system below the platform. In another example, the system is partially surrounded by the platform, such as with the input channel not blocked by the platform.

In one approach, a portable stream turbine system or an array of stream turbine systems can be prevented from being drifted away by different drifting prevention mechanisms. The drifting prevention mechanisms prevent the system(s) from being drifted away when the system(s) is in a fluid. The drifting prevention mechanisms can also substantially maintain the orientation of the system(s), which enhances the liquid flow into the input channel(s) of the system(s).

In one example, a drifting prevention mechanism depends on connecting the portable turbine system(s) to stationary objects on land. In another example, a drifting prevention mechanism depends on connecting the portable turbine system(s) to substantially stationary locations in the liquid. In yet another example, a drifting prevention mechanism depends on connecting the portable turbine system(s) to a floating object, which is made substantially stationary by, for example, being connected to a substantially stationary object. Examples of floating objects include a floating platform, a boat and a buoy.

An array of turbine systems can be a row of turbine systems. In yet another embodiment, there can be rows and columns of portable turbine systems connected together.

Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates by way of example the principles of the invention.

Same numerals inFIGS. 1-5are assigned to similar elements in all the figures. Embodiments of the invention are discussed below with reference toFIGS. 1-5. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A number of embodiments of the invention pertain to a portable turbine system. The system can be portable or handheld. The turbine system transforms kinetic energy in a fluid into kinetic energy in a turning turbine, which, in turn, generates electricity via a generator. The electricity generated can be used for different purposes. To illustrate, electricity generated can be stored in an energy storage medium, such as a battery. Or the electricity can be used to charge a computer, a cellular phone etc. Instead of storing the electricity, the electricity can be used to generate light, run an electronic device or operate other appliances.

In one embodiment, a portable turbine system includes a portable or handheld hollow tube, with a turbine embedded inside the tube. Fluid flowing through the tube turns the turbine to generate electricity. Examples for the fluid include some form of gases, such as air, or some form of liquid, such as water, which can be from a stream, rain, or sea. In the case of the fluid being a gas, the system can be a wind turbine system; and in the case of the fluid being liquid, the system can be a stream turbine system.

A user can align the tube of a portable turbine system according to one embodiment in a running river, such as with the longitudinal axis of the tube in line with the flow direction of the river. The running river can continuously turn the turbine to generate electricity. For example, the user can place a portable turbine system according to one embodiment in the river at night to have a battery charged during the night time. In another example, the person can place such a portable turbine system with the tube upright in a water fall or a rain forest during rain to generate electricity.

The turbine can include a rotor assembly, which can be a shaft or an axle with blades attached. As moving fluid hits the blades, or as the blades move through the fluid, the blades rotate. The rotation can be used to generate electricity.

In one approach, the rotor assembly can rotate in a way similar to a fan, with the blades positioned in a plane substantially perpendicularly to the direction of the flow of the fluid hitting the blades.

In another approach, a rotor assembly can include a wheel or a hub, with an axle or a shaft, and the wheel has paddles. The rotor assembly can be in a tube. When fluid flows through the tube, the fluid hits the plane of the paddles, pushing the paddles. Then the wheel and the axle turn in an axis substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid.FIG. 1shows one example of such a rotor assembly100, with a wheel having paddles. In one example, a number of paddles are substantially evenly spaced apart on the wheel.

As shown inFIG. 1, as fluid flows through a tube102, a wheel104with paddles turns. The shaft or axle106of the wheel extends across the tube to hold the wheel in the tube. In this example, a portion of the upper (or lower) part of the wheels is blocked from being directly hit by the fluid via a piece of material108. The piece of material108can serve as a cover. The cover can be made of plastic or other types of rigid or semi-rigid materials. This cover can be in close proximity to the wheel, and is positioned before the fluid hits the wheel. As the fluid in the tube flows towards the wheel, the cover blocks a portion of the fluid from directly hitting the wheel. To illustrate, with the cover108, the fluid in the tube only directly hits a portion of the wheel with the paddles, such as the bottom quarter. The fluid hitting the bottom portion, such as the bottom quarter of the tube, turns the paddles, which turns the wheel.

In one embodiment, the tube102at the position close to the bottom of the wheel, is curved upwards towards the wheel. This can be done, such as, by a lip110as shown inFIG. 1. The lip110guides some of the fluid that has flowed past the bottom of the wheel back towards the wheel to further turn the wheel104.

As the wheel turns, its axle106turns also. In one example, the axle106is connected to an electric generator to generate electricity.

In another embodiment, instead of the axle106directly connected to an electric generator, the axle106is connected to one or more gears to increase the turning speed for the electric generator. The one or more gears can extend up one of the side walls of the tube. The one or more gears can be mounted in a gear box, and the box can be mounted on one of the side walls of the tube102.

In one embodiment, at least a portion of the gear box (or the number of gears or the gear ratio) can be changed, depending on the speed or power of flow of the fluid in the tube102.

A number of embodiments have been described regarding the applications of a portable turbine system where the system is relatively stationary in an environment of moving fluid, such as running water. In yet another embodiment, the system can be moving through a fluid. For example, the system is mounted to a vehicle. As the vehicle moves through a fluid, the fluid turns a turbine in the system. To illustrate, the vehicle can be a boat moving through a river, and the tube with the turbine can be mounted on a side of the boat. Also, the turbine system can be mounted low enough so that as the boat moves, water flows into the tube to turn the turbine.

In yet another embodiment, the fluid is not a liquid, but is a gas. For example, the vehicle can be a car running on a road, with a portable turbine system mounted on the car. As the car moves, air flows through the turbine to generate electricity. As another example, a portable turbine system is mounted on a bicycle. As a person is riding the bike, air flows through the turbine to generate electricity, which can be used, for example, to turn on a flash light for the bicycle.

A number of embodiments have been described where a portable turbine system is mounted onto an apparatus that moves. In yet another embodiment, a portable turbine system can be connected to or carried by a living being, such as a person. For example, the system can be mounted on a hat/cap, a pair of eyeglasses, or the clothing of the person. As the person moves, such as when the person runs, air pushes and turns the turbine system to generate electricity.

FIGS. 2A-Bshow another embodiment of a portable turbine system200. This embodiment includes a hub202with paddles204. In one example, the width of the paddles204can be similar to, or slightly less than the width of the hub202. The hub202has a first side wall206, a second side wall and a shaft or an axle208, which is located approximately at the center of the hub202. The axle208can be a rod, which can be a metallic rod, or some other types of materials. For example, the rod can be a steel rod that is less than ⅛″ in diameter.

The embodiment200shown inFIGS. 2A-Balso includes a housing210, with the axle208holding the hub202in the housing210. The housing210can have an inside cylindrical cavity. In one example, the diameter of the inside cavity can be just slightly larger than the diameter of the hub plus the length of two paddles204; and the width of the inside cavity can be just slightly larger than the width of the hub202. The housing also has a first side wall212and a second side wall.

In addition, the housing210has an input channel214(e.g. a tube) and an output channel216, both connected in proximity to, for example, the bottom of the housing210. As an example, the width of the input channel can be comparable to the width of a paddle, and the height of the input channel can be comparable to ⅓ of (the diameter of the hub and the length of two paddles). In another embodiment, the input channel214is not guiding the fluid to hit the hub202right at its middle section. The channels guide fluid into and out of the housing210to turn the paddles. In one embodiment, the input214and output216channels are approximately at the same height from the bottom of the housing210.

In one embodiment, to reduce weight, the housing and its inside contents can be made of light weight materials. As an example, the hub can be a hollow plastic cylinder that is about 3″ wide with circular side walls of ⅛″ Plexiglas, having about 3.5″ diameter; each paddle can be Plexiglas that is about ⅛″ or 1/16″ thick, 3″ wide and 1.25″ long; the housing can be another cylinder that is about 3.5″ wide with circular side walls of ⅛″ Plexiglas having about 6.5″ inside diameter; and both the input and output channels can be 1/16″ hard plastic that is about 3″ wide and 2.25″ high. The cylindrical walls of the cylinders can also be hard plastic with a thickness of about 1/16″. And there can be 16 paddles approximately evenly spaced.

In the embodiment200shown inFIGS. 2A-B, there can be a disk218, which can be a cylinder, a dowel or a circular plate. The disk218has a first surface220and a second surface substantially opposite its first surface. The first surface220of the disk218can be connected or fixed to the first side wall206of the hub202. The center of the disk218can be approximately at the center of the hub206. The disk218can also have a hole approximately at its middle to allow the axle208to be in or to extend through. As an example, a disk can be a piece of Plexiglas with a height of ½″ and a diameter of ¾″.

There can be a hole at the first side wall212of the housing210. In one example where the disk is cylindrical, the diameter of the hole can be slightly bigger than the diameter of the disk218to allow the disk218to extend out of the hole of the first side wall212of the housing210. Also, there can be a smaller hole at the second wall of the housing to allow the other end of the axle to extend out or through at least a portion of the second side wall of the housing210.

As explained, the first side220of the disk218can be connected or fixed to the first side wall206of the hub202, and the second side of the disk can be fixed to a gear222. So, as the hub202turns, the disk218turns; and as the disk218turns, the gear222follows.

The gear222can be linked to other gears to form a gear structure224. The gear structure224can be in a gear box outside of the housing210.

The disk218can enhance the strength of the connection between the hub202and the gear222because a relatively flat surface of the disk218can be fixed to a relatively flat surface of the gear222. Both the disk and the gear do not have to be metallic. They can be light weight materials, like plastic or other materials. The connection can be via different approaches such as via screws or glues. In one embodiment, the disk218is beneficial to a stream turbine system because streams can be strong. In view of the power of a stream, the gear structure can have a large gear ratio to generate more electricity. In order for the hub202to turn a number of gears, the gear222that is fixed to the hub202needs to be well connected, and the relatively flat surface of the disk218enhances the strength of the connection.

A number of embodiments have been described where a portable turbine system includes a disk to enhance the connection of a hub to a gear. In another embodiment, the system does not include such a disk. Instead, the gear previously fixed to the disk is fixed to the axle of the system. For example, both the axle and the gear are metallic, and the two are fixed to each other by techniques such as welding.

In one embodiment of a portable turbine system, there is a spacer between the first side wall of the hub and the first side wall of the housing; and another spacer between the second side wall of the hub and the second side wall of the housing. The spacers can be supported by the axle of the system, or by a disk of the system. As to its dimensions, in one embodiment, the spacer does not extend beyond the hub of the system. For example, if the spacer is a circular sheet of Plexiglas with a hole in the middle for the axle of the system, in one approach, the diameter of the sheet is less than the diameter of the hub of the system. In one embodiment, the spacers are configured to prevent the paddles and/or the hub of a turbine system from hitting its housing side walls when the hub is turning. As an example, the spacer can be ⅛″ thick or can be of other thickness.

At the end of the gear structure224, there can be a generator226to generate electricity. Or the generator226is connected to a gear of the gear structure. The gear structure224with multiple gears can increase the gear ratio and, in turn, the turning speed for the electric generator226.

In one embodiment, at least a portion of the gear structure224(or the number of gears, the gear ratio or the gear box) can be changed. This can be advantageous because a more powerful stream can run a higher gear ratio to generate more energy.

In one embodiment, the gear structure224is coupled to the first side wall212of the housing210. The gear structure224can extend up the first side wall212of the housing210. This can enhance the integration of the gear structure224to the housing, or make the system220more compact.

The electrical outputs from the generator226can be connected to a substrate228with many electrical components, which can include a printed circuit board. In one embodiment, the top portion of the housing210can be flat or rectangular in shape. The substrate228can be positioned on the top portion of the housing210. In another embodiment, the orientation of the substrate228can also be along the first side wall212of the housing210. In yet another embodiment, the substrate228can be located away from the system200, but is electrically connected to the system via cables, such as the cables230.

Depending on the application of the turbine system, there can be different electrical components on the substrate228. For example, there can be a rechargeable battery on a circuit board.

In one application, a portable turbine system according to one embodiment is used to measure the speed of the fluid where the system is positioned. For example, first the system can be calibrated so that the output (such as its voltage or current) from its generator correlates to the flow speed of a fluid, such as the speed of flowing water. In one calibration approach, different flow speeds of a fluid are independently measured by another method. And the outputs of the system are also measured at the different flow speeds. Then data points regarding outputs versus flow speeds can be generated, and stored in a memory device on the substrate of the system. Via the stored data points, a processor on the substrate can calculate or estimate the flow speeds of a fluid from the outputs of the system.

In one embodiment, a portable turbine system also includes a wireless transceiver or a wireless transmitter. The outputs from the system, such as the calculated or estimated flow speed, or the outputs from the generator, can be wirelessly transmitted to be received by another entity or device. The another entity or device can be a portable device carried by the user using the portable turbine system. In another embodiment, the another entity or device is more remote from the portable turbine system. If signals such as the outputs of the generator are transmitted to the another entity, the another entity can analyze the data to determine the flow speed of the fluid. In different embodiments, the wireless transceiver or transmitter can be based on different protocols, such as Bluetooth, Wifi, WiMax and the cellular network.

A number of embodiments have been described regarding different types of single portable turbine systems. Yet another embodiment includes an array of portable turbine systems connected together. The number of such portable turbine systems connected together can be adjustable, depending on the needs of the user. In one example, the array is applicable as stream turbines.

FIG. 3shows the top view of one embodiment300of an array with two turbine systems,302and304. In the array, each of the turbine systems includes two connecting mechanisms, approximately on opposite sides of the system. The connecting mechanisms of a portable turbine system with an input channel can be approximately orthogonal to the corresponding input channel. For example, the first turbine system302includes a first connecting mechanism306and a second connecting mechanism308. Similarly, the second turbine system304includes a first connecting mechanism310and a second connecting mechanism312. As shown inFIG. 3, the second connecting mechanism308of the first turbine system302is connected to the first connecting mechanism310of the second turbine system304. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 3, the two turbine systems are connected so that the input tubes of both of the systems point substantially in the same direction.

The array shown inFIG. 3includes two portable turbine systems. More portable turbine systems can be included in the array. All the systems can be connected together by connecting mechanisms, and the connecting mechanisms can be attachable and detachable. With the connecting mechanisms removably attached to each other, in one approach, a user of the array can decide the number of portable turbine systems in the array.

In one embodiment, an array has two portable turbine systems. Each portable turbine system has one connecting mechanism, and the two connecting mechanisms are attached to each other.

In another example, the connecting mechanisms among portable turbine systems in an array are configured such that once two connecting mechanisms are attached together, they are not designed to be detached.

The connecting mechanisms can use different mechanisms. For example, the connecting mechanisms can be based on plastic tubes, and the tubes can be hollow tubes.

In one embodiment, an array of portable turbine systems can be mounted onto an apparatus or a being that moves. For example, the array can be mounted on top of a car. As the car moves, air pushes and turns the turbines to generate electricity. In one embodiment, the connecting mechanisms tying the systems together can be flexible. For example, the connecting mechanisms can be cables, and the array can be tied down on or to an object.

In one embodiment, a portable turbine system includes floatation mechanisms to keep the system partially afloat on a liquid if the system is used as a portable stream turbine system. The portable turbine system is partially afloat so that at least a portion of the input channel is in the liquid to enhance the liquid flow into the system.FIG. 4shows examples of different types of floatation mechanisms.

In one embodiment, the connecting mechanisms also function as floatation mechanisms. They can be connecting mechanism made of light-weight hollow materials, such as hollow plastic tubes.

Another embodiment of a floatation mechanism uses gaseous balloons, such as an air balloon. In one embodiment, a balloon can be deflated. As an example, a stream turbine system can be fixed to and supported by one or more air balloons, which can be similar to a personal floatation device, such as a lifejacket or life belt. Or, each connecting mechanism can be supported by an air balloon. In another embodiment, each connecting mechanism is in a shape that allows it to be wrapped around by a gaseous balloon. More than one floatation mechanism can be used to provide redundancy. With the one or more balloons, the system can be on a stream such that at least a portion of its input tube and output tube are immersed in the stream.

Another form of a floatation mechanism includes a platform that floats. An example of a floatation platform is a piece of drafting wood. A stream turbine system can be positioned in or can be partially surrounded by a floatation platform. For example, a stream turbine system can be attached to a floatation platform such that a portion of the system is below the platform. As another example, the input channel of a portable turbine system can be extended out of the platform, or is not blocked by the platform.

In one embodiment, the array300includes floatation mechanisms to keep the array300afloat and the array can be used as stream turbines.

With the array of stream turbine systems in moving liquid, it is possible for the array to be drifted away by the liquid.FIG. 5shows a number of drifting prevention mechanisms400to prevent the array from being drifted away. The drifting prevention mechanism can also substantially maintain the array's orientation to enhance the liquid flow into the input channels of the stream turbine systems of the array. For example, if the liquid is flowing in the north-south direction, the input channels can also point substantially along such a direction.

One drifting prevention mechanism depends on connecting or tying the array to at least two stationary objects. The objects can be located on land402. If the array is a row of portable stream turbines, the connecting points on the array can be at or close to the two opposite ends of the row of turbine systems. To illustrate with the embodiment shown inFIG. 3, there can be two strings or cables, one in the vicinity close to the first turbine302, such as close to its connecting mechanism306, and the other close to the second turbine304, such as close to its connecting mechanism312. In another approach, one of the strings can be at a floatation mechanism of a portable stream turbine system.

In one embodiment, if an array is on a stream, one string can be tied to a stationary object on one side of the stream, and the other string to another stationary object on the another side of the stream. They can be tied to different types of stationary objects, such as the trunk of a tree or a rock. Or they can be anchored to the sand or ground on land. With multiple connections to stationary objects, the array can be substantially prevented from drifting, and its input tubes can be aligned substantially along the flow of the liquid.

In another approach, the array can be connected or tied to at least two substantially stationary locations in a liquid404. Again using the example inFIG. 3, each of the turbine systems,302and304, can have an anchor at its bottom, or there can be an anchor at a floatation mechanism of a turbine system. In any event, each anchor can be anchored to the floor or ground below, such as the sand at the bottom of the stream where the array is in. With multiple anchors the array is prevented from drifting, and its input tubes can be aligned substantially along the flow of the liquid. In another embodiment, a substantially stationary location in the liquid can be an anchored buoy.

In yet another drifting prevention approach, an array can be connected to floating objects, such as two platforms. The floating objects can be made substantially stationary by connecting them to locations on land or in the liquid. For example, each end of a row of stream turbines can be connected to a floatation platform. This can be done via a connecting mechanism connecting an end of the array to a floatation platform. Each of the floatation platforms can then be made substantially stationary via different mechanisms, such as a string to an object on land, or an anchor to the floor below or close to the platform. In yet another embodiment, a floating object can be a boat.

Note that the above drifting prevention mechanisms can be mixed and matched. For example, an array can be connected to a stationary object on land, and to a floatation platform, which is made substantially stationary.

In one embodiment, a drifting prevention mechanism is applied to just one portable stream turbine system to prevent the system from being drifted away when the system is in liquid, and to substantially maintain the orientation of the stream turbine system, which enhances the liquid flow into the system.

A number of embodiments have been described regarding a row of turbines arranged in an array. In yet another embodiment, there can be rows and columns of portable turbine systems connected together.

A number of embodiments have been described regarding an array of portable turbine systems. The multiple systems do not have to be the same. In one embodiment, at least two of the portable turbine systems in an array are different. For example, the two portable turbine systems include different electronics or electrical components to perform different functions.

Regarding an array of portable turbine systems, in one embodiment, each system has an electrical generator. The outputs (or the electrically processed outputs) from each generator can travel via cables to be processed (or further electrically processed) by electrical components located away from the corresponding system.

Though a number of embodiments have been described regarding a stream turbine system, they are not just applicable to streams. They can be applied, for example, to a moving liquid, where the liquid does not just move up and down. Instead, the liquid flows, or moves in a linear fashion.

A number of embodiments have been described to be connected to stationary objects on land. At least in one embodiment, those objects do not have to be absolutely fixed in position. For example, some tree trunks can sway in the wind to a certain extent, particularly when the wind is strong; these trees can still be considered as stationary objects.

A number of embodiments have been described regarding a portable stream turbine system. In one embodiment, the system includes (a) a hub with a first and a second side walls, with an axle approximately at the centers of the side walls of the hub; (b) a number of paddles attached to the hub; (c) a disk with a first surface and a second surface substantially opposite the first surface, the first surface of the disk being fixed to the first side wall of the hub, with the center of the disk substantially at the center of the hub; (d) a housing with a first and a second side walls, with the axle configured to hold the hub in the housing, wherein there is a hole at the first side wall of the housing allowing the disk to extend through, and there is a hole at the second side wall of the housing allowing the axle to extend through; (e) an input channel connected to the housing; (f) an output channel connected to the housing; (g) a gear structure, with a number of gears including a first gear fixed to the second side of the disk; (h) a generator connected to a gear of the gear structure; and (i) a number of electrical components on a substrate electrically connected to the outputs of the generator to perform a function; (j) wherein as a liquid enters the input channel and exits the output channel, the liquid turns the paddles, which turns the hub, the disk and the gears to enable the generator to generate electricity so as to perform the function by the electrical components on the substrate.

A number of embodiments have been described regarding a portable or handheld turbine systems. In yet another embodiment, a turbine system can be used in drainage pipes in a house. There are numerous drainage pipes in a typical house. These pipes are typically for guiding liquid or other materials out of or away from the house. For example, downspouts are typically for guiding rainwater away from the house; shower drainage pipes are typically for guiding shower water; and toilet sink drainage pipes are typically for guiding waste materials with water. Day after day, liquid flows down these pipes.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least a turbine is inside such a pipe. As liquid flows down the pipe, the liquid turns the turbine. The electricity can be used to run household appliances or for other applications.

Typically, the liquid includes waste materials. These waste materials can be relatively large. For example, the waste materials can be leaves or other debris in rainwater. In one embodiment, in the vicinity of the inlet of a downspout, there can be an overlying cover for deflecting leaves and other debris from entering and potentially clogging the downspout. Different mechanisms are available to deflect such debris in a downspout, and would not be further discussed.

A typical downspout extends from the roof of the house to the ground. In one embodiment, the turbine inside the downspout is located close to the ground. For example, the downspout has at least two parts, an upper and a lower part. The upper part can extend from the roof down to, such as, 80% to 90% of the length of the downspout. The upper part can be separated from the lower part. The turbine inside the downspout can be located at the lower part. If the turbine malfunctions, the turbine can be replaced by replacing the lower part of the downspout with a new one.

In yet another embodiment, the downspout can have more than one turbine. For example, a downspout splits into two paths at its bottom. Each path can have a turbine. Such an embodiment could provide redundancy. When one turbine malfunctions, the other one can take over. In one embodiment, the two paths at the bottom of a downspout can be separately replaced. When one of the turbines malfunctions, the corresponding path with that turbine can be removed. During the removal process, after the path with the malfunctioned turbine is separated, one can cover the hole with a mechanism, such as a cap. The liquid coming down the downspout would then be directed to the path with the functioning turbine. When the replacement path becomes available, the cap can be removed with the replacement path put in.

The waste materials can be fine particles. For example, the waste materials can be soapy materials in shower water. In one embodiment, in the vicinity of the inlet of the drainage pipe, there is a filter. The filter is for removing the fine particles from the liquid before the liquid runs down the drainage pipe to turn the turbine inside the pipe. In another embodiment, the filter can be removed from the drainage pipe to be cleaned.

The various embodiments, implementations and features of the invention noted above can be combined in various ways or used separately. Those skilled in the art will understand from the description that the invention can be equally applied to or used in other various different settings with respect to various combinations, embodiments, implementations or features provided in the description herein.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.