Fine grinding apparatus

A fine-grinding machine has a stationary stand on which a workpiece is fixed and which has a vertically adjustable arm carrying a tube defining a tube axis and displaceable angularly and axially on the arm relative to its axis. A tool mount adapted to hold a fine-grinding tool and having a tool axis generally parallel to the tube axis is mounted on the tube for displacement along a diameter through the tube axis. The tube can be set at any angular position for adjustment of the diametrical direction of displacement of this tool mount. A central shaft angularly and axially displaceable in the tube has an inclined pin at one end engaging the tool mount so that the axial position of the tube determines the eccentricity of the tool axis relative to the tube axis. Rotation of this central shaft therefore will reciprocate the tool mount diametrically of the tube to an extent determined by this eccentricity. Finally the entire tube, mount, and shaft can be vertically reciprocated to finish the upright inner side walls of the recess in a workpiece.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a fine-grinding apparatus. More 
particularly this invention concerns a fine-grinding or lapping apparatus 
for finish-machining the inside of a recess in a workpiece. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A fine-grinding machine is known from German Pat. No. 868,410 issued Jan. 
15, 1953 to Karl Krummel. This device is adapted to be mounted on the tool 
post of a lathe for mirror finishing a shaft. It has an electric motor 
which rotates a tube shaft inside of which is provided a shaft carrying an 
eccentric. The angular position of the central shaft and outer tube shaft 
can be changed to vary the extent of eccentricity of the eccentric carried 
by the central shaft. This eccentric rides in a bearing in turn riding in 
a slot in a tool mount that is reciprocal in a direction perpendicular to 
this slot. Thus, as the motor rotates the tube and central shafts, the 
eccentric will orbit about the axis of the tube shaft and will reciprocate 
the tool mount in its guide. As the degree of eccentricity of the 
eccentric is increased relative to the tube-shaft axis the diametrical 
stroke of the tool mount will increase, and vice versa. 
This apparatus has shown itself relatively useful in the limited 
application to which it is intended, that is mirror-finishing the exterior 
of a shaft or the like. In view of the considerable complexity of the 
structure of even this simple device it has been considered impossible to 
overcome its lack of versatility to use it for other finishing jobs. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,959,929 issued June 1, 1976 to Johann Fleischmann et al 
shows another such arrangement wherein the grinding device is mounted on 
an arm of a tool stand. The tool itself in this arrangement is rotatable 
about a vertical axis and can simultaneously be reciprocated vertically. 
In order to be able to machine surfaces that are not perfectly horizontal 
relative to the workpiece, the entire machining arrangement can be tipped 
on the arm, in the fashion of a raidal-arm drill press or saw, to have a 
different angle of attack. The workpiece is normally mounted with two 
degrees of freedom of motion, that is for at least limited free 
displacement in a plane. Such a tool cannot, however, machine horizontal 
upper surfaces of a workpiece. 
A disadvantage of the known machine is the inability to finish recesses 
produced by electro-discharge machining (EDM). It is known to use a 
diamond paste or similar abrasive agents between the EDM tool and the 
workpiece. Such arrangements, however, normally require that not only the 
base of the recess be finished, but also the sides thereof. This normally 
requires a special-duty machine or two separate machines. 
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved 
fine-grinding or lapping machine. 
Another object is to provide such a machine which can be used for varied 
grinding applications, that is for finishing flat horizontal surfaces, for 
finishing the inner side walls of recesses, and even for finishing the 
bases of recesses. 
Another object is to provide such a device particularly adapted for use 
with EDM systems and tools. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
These objects are attained according to the instant invention in a 
fine-grinding machine having a stationary stand provided with an arm and a 
workpiece holder. A tube is mounted on this arm for displacement angularly 
and axially relative to its longitudinal central axis. A tool mount 
adapted to hold the tool and having a tool axis generally parallel to the 
tube axis is mounted on this tube for displacement of the tool axis along 
a diameter through the tube axis and fixed angularly relative to this 
tube. Adjustment means is provided for rotating the tube on the arm about 
the tube axis for locking this tube in any of a plurality of angularly 
offset positions to adjust the angular orientation of the diameter along 
which the tool mount can move relative to the tube. A shaft is angularly 
and axially displaceable in the tube and has an end provided with a pin 
inclined to the tube axis and operatively engaging the tool mount in such 
a manner that the axial position of the shaft determines the eccentricity 
of the tool axis relative to the tube axis. Further adjustment means is 
provided for axially displacing this shaft in the tube and for locking 
this shaft in any of a plurality of axially offset positions to adjust the 
eccentricity of the tool axis relative to the tube axis. Drive means 
rotates the shaft about the tube axis relative to the tube so as to 
diametrically reciprocate the tool mount relative to the shaft through a 
diametrical stroke proportional to the eccentricity of the tool axis 
relative to the tube axis. Furthermore according to this invention it is 
possible to axially reciprocate the tube, shaft, and mount jointly so that 
a tool held thereby can be simultaneously axially and diametrically 
reciprocated. 
According to this invention the workpiece can be clamped fixedly on the 
stand. In order to compensate for minor maladjustments the tool mount is 
provided with a tool holder that can move limitedly with two degrees of 
freedom, that is in a plane, relative to the tool mount. This plane, 
according to the invention, is perpendicular to the tool and the tube 
axes. 
According to this invention the drive for the vertical axial reciprocation 
and for the rotation of the shaft have separate independently operable 
motors. Thus it is possible with the apparatus according to this invention 
to set up the machine so that it strokes diametrically through any desired 
stroke within a given range along any diameter of the tool axis, while it 
reciprocates vertically through any desired distance. Thus the machine is 
extremely versatile and can be used for tasks as mundane as surface 
finishing a workpiece, in which case the tube is not axially reciprocated, 
or for complex tasks such as finishing the base of the cylindrical recess 
in a workpiece hollowed out by an EDM apparatus. 
According to further features of this invention the arm is itself 
vertically displaceable on the stationary stand. Thus it is possible to 
hydraulically or otherwise downwardly bias the arm so as to exert a 
continuous downward machining pressure with the system according to this 
invention. Similarly it is a relatively simple task to move the tool up 
out of the workpiece and to put a new workpiece in the machine.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION 
As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus according to this invention serves to 
machine the recess 2 of the workpiece 1 with a tool 38. The workpiece 1 is 
fixedly held in a vise 7 adjacent a stand 3 from which an arm 4 extends 
horizontally, this arm 4 carrying at its outer end a fine-grinding device 
5 holding the tool 38 by means of a toolholder 6. The entire arm 4 can be 
vertically displaced as shown by arrow 35 on the stand or frame 3 by 
rotation of a spindle 37 having a bevel gear 36 operable by a motor 39. 
This motor 39 is normally operated in accordance with sensing devices to 
exert a predetermined downward pressure on the workpiece 1 with the tool 
38. 
As better seen in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 the fine-grinding device has a tube 15 
defining a central axis 21 and mounted for displacement rotationally and 
axially of this axis 21 in a traveling-ball bearing 34 on the arm 4. 
Mounted via bearings inside this tube 15 is a shaft 8 whose lower end is 
provided with an inclined pin 10 having an axis 40 inclined at an acute 
angle to the axis 21 about which the shaft 8 is rotatable inside the tube 
15. This pin 10 is cylindrical and received in a correspondingly inclined 
bore of a bushing 11 mounted via a bearing 41 in a tool mount 13 received 
in a guide 12 mounted in turn in a slide 14 for displacement of this mount 
13 in a direction perpendicular to the axis 21 and to the plane of the 
view of FIG. 2. A tightening means 42 is provided to eliminate any 
displacement of the mount 13 relative to the tube 15 except in the 
diametrical direction defined by the guide 12 and slide 14. 
The upper end of the shaft 8 is formed with a threaded bore 43 receiving a 
threaded spindle 44 of an adjustment device 20 having a knurled knob 22 
connected to this threaded shaft 44. In addition the adjustment device 20 
includes a bushing 45 mounted via a bearing 46 on the arm 4 and connected 
via a rod 47 to the tube 15 so that the bushing 45 and tube 15 are jointly 
axially displaceable. Rotation of the knob 20, which can be fixed at any 
angular position about the axis 21, therefore can displace the shaft 8 in 
either axial direction relative to the tube 15 as indicated by arrow 16. 
The shaft 8 is also keyed to a large pinion gear 18 to be rotated by a 
motor 9 (FIG. 1). 
The tube 15 in turn is keyed to a large pinion gear 19 that itself can be 
angularly displaced by means of a motor 48 (FIG. 1). The tube 15 is not 
manually rotated except for adjustment. 
In addition the tube 15 is axially fixed to a collar 49 engaged by a lever 
27 pivoted at 50 on the arm 4 and at 29 on a link 28 displaceable as seen 
by arrow 30 by a drive 26 constituted as a crank 52 operated by a motor 
17. Thus this drive 26 can vertically displace the tool mount 13 on its 
slide 14 as indicated by arrows 25 in FIG. 2. 
The tool holder 6 itself, as seen in FIG. 4, is mounted by an arrangement 
31 having roller bearings 51 for limited displacement relative to the tube 
15 with two degrees of freedom, that is in a plane perpendicular to the 
axis 21. A tightening bolt 32 having an eccentric central portion and an 
Allen recess 33 permits any play between the tool holder 6 and the mount 
13 parallel to the axis 21 to be eliminated. Similarly bearings 53 allow 
some rotation of the tool holder 6 about the axis 21 relative to the slide 
13. 
Thus it is possible for the system according to the instant invention to be 
adjusted so that as seen in FIG. 5 the direction 23 of diametrical 
reciprocation of the tool holder 6 can be moved angularly about as 
indicated by arrow 24 through 360.degree. for any desired orientation. In 
addition the extent of such diametrical reciprocation can be varied by the 
adjustment means 20. In the position of FIG. 2 rotation of the shaft 8 
will not diametrically reciprocate the slide 13, but any lifting of the 
shaft 8 will offset the central axis of the tool mount of slide 13 
relative to the axis 21 to effect such reciprocation. 
The amount of vertical reciprocation as controlled by the drive 26 can 
similarly be adjusted, although such adjustment is normally not necessary, 
once the lowermost position of the tool 38 is defined, normally by means 
of the motor 39. 
Thus the system according to the instant invention can be set up so as to 
perform virtually any desired fine-machining operation. It can merely move 
the lower face of the tool 39 in a horizontal plane, with the radial 
stroke determined by the adjustment apparatus 20 and a frequency 
established by the rotation rate of the motor 9. Continuous resetting of 
the angular position of this diametrical stroking by operation of the 
motor 48 can ensure good overlapping of adjacent machining strokes. At the 
same time vertical reciprocation by means of the drive 28 allows the inner 
sides of a recess in a workpiece to be finished also.