System and method for an accuracy-enhanced DLL during a measure initialization mode

A clock generator having a delay locked loop and a delay control circuit. The delay locked loop receives an input clock signal and adjusts an adjustable delay circuit to generate an output clock signal that is synchronized with received input clock signal. The delay control circuit coupled to the delay locked loop generates a control signal to initialize the delay measure operation to adjust the adjustable delay circuit, after comparing the phase difference of the input clock signal and the output clock signal. The delay control circuit further generates a start measure control signal to start measuring a delay applied to the measurement signal propagating through the adjustable delay circuit, and generates a stop measure control signal to stop the delay measurement of the measurement signal. The delay adjustment of the delay locked loop is then adjusted to apply the delay measurement when synchronizing the input and output clock signals.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to integrated circuits, and more specifically to enhancing the accuracy of delay line based structures for synchronizing internal and external clock signals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In synchronous integrated circuits, the integrated circuit is clocked by an external clock signal and performs operations at predetermined times relative to the rising and falling edges of the applied clock signal. Examples of synchronous integrated circuits include synchronous memory devices such as synchronous dynamic random access memories (“SDRAMs”), synchronous static random access memories (“SSRAMs”), and packetized memories like SLDRAMs and RDRAMs, and include other types of integrated circuits as well, such as microprocessors. The timing of signals external to a synchronous memory device is determined by the external clock signal, and operations within the memory device are typically synchronized to external operations. For example, commands are placed on a command bus of the memory device in synchronism with the external clock signal, and the memory device must latch these commands at the proper times to successfully capture the commands. To latch the applied commands, an internal clock signal is developed in response to the external clock signal, and is typically applied to latches contained in the memory device to clock the commands into the latches. The internal clock signal and external clock must be synchronized to ensure the internal clock signal clocks the latches at the proper times to successfully capture the commands. In the present description, “external” refers to signals and operations outside of the memory device, and “internal” refers to signals and operations within the memory device. Moreover, although the present description is directed to synchronous memory devices, the principles described herein are equally applicable to other types of synchronous integrated circuits.

Internal circuitry in the memory device that generates the internal clock signal necessarily introduces some time delay, causing the internal clock signal to be phase shifted relative to the external clock signal. As long as the phase-shift is minimal, timing within the memory device can be easily synchronized to the external timing. However, with higher frequency clock signals, the time delay introduced by the internal circuitry becomes more significant. This is true because as the frequency of the external clock signal increases, the period of the signal decreases and thus even small delays introduced by the internal circuitry correspond to significant phase shifts between the internal and external clock signals. As a result of inherent delays, the commands applied to the memory device may no longer be valid by the time the internal clock signal clocks the latches.

To synchronize external and internal clock signals in modern synchronous memory devices, a number of different approaches have been considered and utilized, including delay locked loops (“DLLs”), as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. As used herein, the term synchronized includes signals that are coincident and signals that have a desired delay relative to one another.FIG. 1illustrates a conventional DLL circuit100for providing an approximate delay that closely matches the phase difference between input and output clock signals. The DLL circuit100uses a feedback configuration that operates to feed back a phase difference-related signal to control one or more delay lines, such as a coarse delay line112or a fine delay line116, for advancing or delaying the timing of one clock signal to “lock” to a second clock signal.

An external clock signal is initially applied to the DLL circuit100and received by an input buffer104that provides a buffered clock signal DLY_REF to the DLL circuit100. The DLY_REF signal is delayed relative to the external clock signal due to a propagation delay of the input buffer104. The DLY_REF signal is then applied to coarse and fine delay lines112,116, which include a number of delay stages that are selected by a shift register120to apply a measured delay for adjusting the phase of the DLY_REF signal. The shift register120controls adjustments to the coarse and fine delay lines112,116by providing shift control signals134in response to receiving control signals from a phase detector130. In response to the shift control signals134, the coarse delay line112applies a measured delay to adjust the phase of the DLY_REF signal near the desired phase for achieving the phase lock condition. The fine delay line116provides smaller delay adjustments to “fine tune” the DLY_REF signal closer to the desired phase lock condition. The coarse and fine delay lines112,116generate an output signal CLK_OUT, whose phase is compared to the DLY_REF signal to determine whether the locking condition has been achieved. The CLK_OUT signal is provided to a model delay circuit140that duplicates inherent delays added to the applied external clock signal as it propagates through the delay loop, such as the input buffer104The model delay circuit140then provides a feedback signal DLY_FB to the phase detector130. The phase detector130compares the phases of the DLY_REF signal and the DLY_FB signal to generate shift selection signals132to the shift register120to control the coarse or fine delay lines112,116. The shift selection signal instructs the shift register120to increase the delay of the coarse or fine delay lines112,116when the DLY_FB signal leads the DLY_REF signal, or decrease the delay in the opposite case.

While the conventional DLL circuit100may adequately provide delay adjustments using the fine and coarse delay lines112,116, it is not without drawbacks. The DLL circuit100may take several cycles of the DLY_REF signal propagating through the coarse and fine delay lines112,116, making several attempts to properly adjust the DLY_REF signal before a locking condition is found, thereby further delaying the overall operation of the memory device. At higher clock frequencies, the DLL circuit100may not adequately control the coarse delay line112, resulting in overcompensated adjustments. In such case, the DLL circuit100is required to restart the locking sequence, causing further delays and mismatched clock signals. For example, when the input and output clock signals are out of phase, the signal skew increases, resulting in faulty data transfers and undesired delays until the DLL circuit100locks again.

Other DLL circuits have been designed where the delay-locked loop is preset by a measurement function during an initialization mode. The phases of the internal and external clocks are placed in close proximity to each other by a predetermined delay adjustment during the initialization mode, thereby speeding up the locking time. However, DLL circuits that include initialization modes rely on additional circuitry, such as extra model delay circuits, switches and other logic components for measuring the predetermined delay. Inclusion of excess circuitry, adds further delays to the overall operation of the DLL circuit, utilizing more chip space and consuming more power. Furthermore, when model delay circuits are included for replicating delays within the delay loop, an exact delay match is rarely achieved due to design limitations of matched components as is known in the art. Mismatched delays generally result in the clock signals being out of phase and affect the DLL circuit's ability to achieve an accurate phase lock condition as described above.

Therefore, there is a need for a DLL circuit that more accurately achieves a faster locking state, and that reduces the use of excess circuitry, thereby reducing the overall size of the circuit and the consumption of power and space.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to DLL circuits capable of enhancing the accuracy of delay line based structures by utilizing a measure initialization mode for synchronizing internal and external clock signals. Certain details are set forth below to provide a sufficient understanding of the invention. However, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without these particular details. In other instances, well-known circuits, control signals, and timing protocols have not been shown in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention.

FIG. 2shows a block diagram of a DLL circuit200whose operation includes a measure initialization mode for initializing a measurement function for adjusting the phase difference between external and internal clock signals, thereby achieving a faster “phase locking state.” As in the DLL circuit100, the DLL circuit200uses a feedback configuration that operates to feed back a phase difference-related signal for controlling one or more delay lines to advance or delay the timing of one clock signal until its rising edge is “locked” with the rising edge of a second clock signal. Similar to the DLL circuit100, an external clock signal is applied to the DLL circuit200and received by an input buffer204that provides a buffered clock signal DLY_REF to the DLL circuit200. The DLY_REF signal is delayed <-d1-> relative to the external clock signal due to a propagation delay of the input buffer204.

The DLL circuit200uses a control signal MEAS_END to initialize and control when the system is in a measure initialization mode or when to transition into normal operation mode. After each reset of the system, the MEAS_END signal is initially set to LOW allowing a multiplexer206to couple the received DLY_REF signal to the coarse delay line222,223, and the system is placed in the measure initialization mode. The DLL circuit200may be reset by an external control logic block (not shown) or by an internal component such as a start counter circuit234, which will be further described in later sections. With each reset of the DLL circuit200, the coarse delay line222,223is also reset to provide the smallest possible delay during the measure initialization phase, which may be the first unit delay cell of the coarse delay line222,223. The coarse delay line222,223is set to a minimum delay at the start of the initialization mode to directly apply on the propagating clock signal any inherent delays, such as a delay <-d4-> from a hierarchical exit path224, to initialize the measurement function. The multiplexer206receives the DLY_REF signal as the input to “0”, and the signal DLY_REF is propagated through the minimum delay setting. The multiplexer206generates an inverted input signal D_IN relative to the received DLY_REF, the relevancy of which will be further described in the next section. The D_IN signal is then provided by the coarse delay line222,223through the hierarchical exit path224,226and propagated through the fine delay line227with very minimal or no additional delays. The hierarchical exit path224applies an additional delay <-d4-> to the signal as it exits the delay line222,223at a predetermined adjustment point. In previous designs, separate model delay circuits were used to apply the inherent delays, such as the delay <-d4-> of the hierarchical exit path224. The D_IN signal is then propagated through the output buffers218and220to generate a CLK_OUT signal.

Similar to the DLL circuit100, a DLY_FB signal is generated in a feedback loop after the D_IN signal has propagated through the fine delay line227and the first output buffer218, thereby returning the output signal to be sampled by the phase detector230to compare to the input signal phase. The DLY_FB signal is propagated through a model delay232that is designed to minimally apply a delay d1′+d3′ to compensate for the <-d1-> delay of the input buffer204and <-d3-> delay of the output buffer220. The DLY_FB signal is then propagated directly to a first D flip-flop236to generate control signals for starting a delay measurement, which will be described next.

During the measure initialization mode, two D flip-flops236,238are used to calculate a delay measurement that relies on the phase difference between the DLY_REF signal and the initialized DLY_FB signal, in order to obtain a faster locking state. A start counter circuit234receives the DLY_REF signal and counts several cycles at the beginning to allow the circuit to stabilize. Once the counts are complete to ensure a stable signal, the start counter circuit234transitions a LOW signal at the “D” input of the first D flip-flop236to HIGH and transitions the MEAS_END signal to HIGH to begin measuring a delay. Once the D-input transitions HIGH, the first D flip-flop236generates a measure pulse control signal MEAS_DLY (also HIGH) clocked by the received DLY_FB signal to start measuring the delay adjustment, and provides the MEAS_DLY signal to the “1” input of the multiplexer206. The multiplexer206selects the received MEAS_DLY signal instead of the DLY_REF signal, and converts it to the inverted D_IN signal for propagating through the coarse delay line222,223once again. The MEAS_DLY signal is also provided to a second D flip-flop238for generating a stop measuring control signal M_STROBE. The second D flip-flop238receives the MEAS_DLY signal as a HIGH signal to its “D” input from the output of the first D flip-flop236. The second D flip-flop238samples the received HIGH MEAS_DLY signal to transition the M_STROBE signal HIGH, which is clocked by the DLY_REF signal. The M_STROBE signal is provided to a shift register225, which then instructs the coarse delay line222,223to stop measuring the delay adjustment. The HIGH M_STROBE signal is additionally provided to the start counter circuit234, which transitions the MEAS_END signal LOW, and places the system in normal operation mode. During normal operation, the coarse delay line222,223is set to provide the measured delay adjustment from the measure initialization operation. Therefore, a faster locking state is achieved for clock signals during normal operation by the preset coarse delay line222,223.

The system remains in normal operation until the DLL circuit200is once again reset by the start counter234or an external control logic block (not shown). During normal operation, the multiplexer206once again receives the DLY_REF signal as the input to “0”. The multiplexer206propagates the inverted D_IN signal through the coarse delay line222,223. The delay measurement calculated during the measure initialization mode is applied to provide the proper delay adjustment to the D_IN signal for “locking,” as previously described. After the adjusted delay is applied to the coarse delay line222,223, the adjusted signal is propagated through the hierarchical exit path224or226to be received by the fine delay line227. The adjusted signal has now been optimally compensated for the <-d4-> delay due to direct use of the coarse delay line222,223during the measure initialization operation.

Additionally, the DLL circuit200is designed with two possible pathway for the coarse and fine delay lines222,223,227. If the calculated delay measurement requires an even number of unit delay stages, the D_IN signal passes through the coarse delay line222to the hierarchical exit path224, which generates a CLKEVEN signal to the fine delay line227. The fine delay line227is designed to provide an output signal having a phase variation from the input signal that is substantially smaller than the signal variation provided by the coarse delay lines222,223to its output signal. If the delay measurement requires an odd number of unit delay stages, the D_IN signal is propagated through the coarse delay line223to the hierarchical exit path226instead. The hierarchical exit path226provides a CLKODD signal to the fine delay line227. An embodiment of the fine and coarse delay lines222,223,227are described in detail in commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 11/186,548 (filing date Jul. 21, 2005) entitled SEAMLESS COARSE AND FINE DELAY STRUCTURE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE DLL, hereby incorporated by reference.

The adjusted output signal is then passed on to the output buffers218,220to generate the output signal CLK_OUT. In addition, as previously described, the output signal is again returned to the phase detector230as the feedback signal DLY_FB after propagating through the buffer218. During normal operation, the phase detector230compares the phases of the DLY_REF signal and the DLY_FB signal to provide a shift selection signal to the shift register225. In response to the shift selection signal, the shift register225makes fine adjustments to the coarse delay lines222,223. The phase detector230may also be designed to provide a shift selection signal to the shift register (not shown) coupled to the fine delay lines227. The shift selection signal instructs the shift register225to increase the delay of the coarse delay lines222,223when the DLY_FB signal leads the DLY_REF signal, or decrease the delay in the opposite case. However, due to the preset adjustments of the measure initialization mode of operation of the DLL circuit200, the phase of the DLY_REF and DLY_FB signals will be locked or close to locking at a faster rate, thereby reducing the need for any significant adjustments by the phase detector230and the shift register225.

The calculation of the measure pulse MEAS_DLY will now be summarized. The sum of the delays allocated by the closed loop of the DLL circuit200from the DLY_REF signal to the DLY_FB signal N*tCKFB, where N is an integer and tCK is the clock period, can be represented by the equation N*tCKFB=(measured delay)+d4+d2+d1′+d3′. Therefore, by rearranging the N*tCKFBequation the measured delay is derived and represented by the equation measure delay=N*tCKFB−(d4+d2+d1′+d3′). The total delay allocation of the delay loop in the DLL circuit200(applied to the external clock signal) can be represented as N*tCKREF=d1+(measured delay)+d4+d2+d3. The two signals are “locked” when N*tCKFB≈N*tCKREFand is represented by an equation d1+[N*tCKFB−(d4+d2+d1′+d3′)]+d4+d2+d3≈N*tCKREF. Therefore, the locking state is best achieved when the sum of delay elements (d4+d2+d1′+d3′) from the N*tCKFBequation are accurately matched to the sum of delay elements (d4+d2+d1+d3) from the N*tCKREFequation. The d1, d2, and d3 delays are the result of input or output buffers, which are easier to match. However, the d4 delay is an inherent delay due to the hierarchical exit path224,226. Such delays have previously been matched by incorporating a separate model circuit to the DLL circuit200. However, separate model delays have difficulty achieving an exact delay match due to design limitations of matched components as previously described. According to the present invention, a better delay match is achieved if the original circuit path that provides the delay <-d4-> is used. By propagating the D_IN signal directly through the coarse delay line222,223during the measure initialization mode (to initialize the measuring signal), the DLL circuit200applies the same <-d4-> delay as it would apply during normal operation. The accuracy of obtaining a locking point between the external and internal clock signals is significantly enhanced as shown by the equation d1+[N*tCKFB−(d4+d2+d1′+d3′)]+d4+d2+d3≈N*tCKREF, if the delay <-d4-> for the N*tCKFBand the N*tCKREFare properly matched, thereby providing better matched signals where N*tCKFB≈N*tCKREF.

Clock signals for the DLL circuit200during operation of the measure initialization mode are shown inFIG. 3. Each signal shown inFIG. 3corresponds to signals labeled inFIG. 2. A sampling of the DLY_REF signal is shown, which has been delayed relative to the external clock signal due to the propagation delay of the input buffer204at time T0. The D_IN signal generated by the multiplexer206in response to receiving the DLY_REF signal is shown as being complementary to the DLY_REF signal at time T0, due to the inverting multiplexer206. Also at time T0, the MEAS_END signal is shown having an initial value being LOW. After some delay (including d4, d2, and d1′+d3′), as the D_IN signal is propagated through the delay loop, the DLY_FB signal is generated at time T1responsive to the rising edge of the DLY_REF signal at time T0. Also at time T1, the MEAS_END signal is transitioned HIGH by the start counter circuit234, which initiates the delay measure command and further causes the multiplexer206to provide the MEAS_DLY signal as the D_IN signal. Shortly thereafter at time T2, the MEAS_DLY signal is transitioned HIGH in response to the rising edge of the DLY_Fb signal. The D_IN signal transitions LOW in response to the rising edge of the MEAS_DLY signal at time T3to begin measuring the delay. After some measured delay, the second D flip-flop238generates a control signal M_STROBE that transitions HIGH at time T5in response to the rising edge of the DLY_REF signal at time T4. The HIGH M_STROBE signal is received by the shift register225to control the coarse delay lines222,223and is also received by the start counter circuit234. In response, the shift registers stop measuring the delay and the MEAS_END signal transitions LOW at time T6to initiate normal operation of the DLL circuit200. A measured pulse is generated having a time width that is the same as the delay time between the rising edge of the MEAS_DLY signal at time T2and the rising edge of the M_STROBE signal at time T5. At time T6, due to the MEAS_END signal, the multiplexer206switches to provide the DLY_REF signal as the D_IN signal. The DLY_FB signal responds to the changes in the D_IN signal waveform and after some delay between times T6and T7, the DLY_FB signal follows the D_IN signal. The measured pulse in the D_IN signal also appears in the DLY_FB signal between times T8and T9. As a result of the delay due to the measured pulse, the DLY_REF signal and the DLY_FB signal are locked, indicated by the rising edges of both signals matched at time T10.

An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown inFIG. 4, utilizing an SR flip-flop442in a DLL circuit400. The DLL circuit400functions in essentially the same manner as the DLL circuit200ofFIG. 2, and in the interest of brevity comparable components and functionality will not be described. As previously described, the DLL circuits200,400may be reset by an external control logic block or by an internal component. In one embodiment, the DLL circuit400may include the SR flip-flop442to control the MEAS_END signal. The start counter circuit234may additionally provide an input signal to the S input of the SR flip-flop442, to generate a HIGH output MEAS_END signal. The second D flip-flop238may additionally provide the M_STROBE signal to the R input of the SR flip-flop442to reset the MEAS_END signal to LOW after the locking delay is measured.

FIG. 5is a functional block diagram of a memory device500including a clock generator523according to an embodiment of the invention. The memory device500inFIG. 5is a double-data rate (“DDR”) SDRAM, although the principles described herein are applicable to any memory device that may include a delay-locked loop for synchronizing internal and external signals, such as conventional SDRAMs, as well as packetized memory devices like SLDRAMs and RDRAMs, and are equally applicable to any integrated circuit that must synchronize internal and external clocking signals.

The memory device500includes an address register502that receives row, column, and bank addresses over an address bus ADDR, with a memory controller (not shown) typically supplying the addresses. The address register502receives a row address and a bank address that are applied to a row address multiplexer504and bank control logic circuit506, respectively. The row address multiplexer504applies either the row address received from the address register502or a refresh row address from a refresh counter508to a plurality of row address latch and decoders510A-D. The bank control logic506activates the row address latch and decoder510A-D corresponding to either the bank address received from the address register502or a refresh bank address from the refresh counter508, and the activated row address latch and decoder latches and decodes the received row address. In response to the decoded row address, the activated row address latch and decoder510A-D applies various signals to a corresponding memory bank512A-D to thereby activate a row of memory cells corresponding to the decoded row address. Each memory bank512A-D includes a memory-cell array having a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns, and the data stored in the memory cells in the activated row is stored in sense amplifiers in the corresponding memory bank. The row address multiplexer504applies the refresh row address from the refresh counter508to the decoders510A-D and the bank control logic circuit506uses the refresh bank address from the refresh counter when the memory device500operates in an auto-refresh or self-refresh mode of operation in response to an auto- or self-refresh command being applied to the memory device500, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

A column address is applied on the ADDR bus after the row and bank addresses, and the address register502applies the column address to a column address counter and latch514which, in turn, latches the column address and applies the latched column address to a plurality of column decoders516A-D. The bank control logic506activates the column decoder516A-D corresponding to the received bank address, and the activated column decoder decodes the applied column address. Depending on the operating mode of the memory device500, the column address counter and latch514either directly applies the latched column address to the decoders516A-D, or applies a sequence of column addresses to the decoders starting at the column address provided by the address register502. In response to the column address from the counter and latch514, the activated column decoder516A-D applies decode and control signals to an I/O gating and data masking circuit518which, in turn, accesses memory cells corresponding to the decoded column address in the activated row of memory cells in the memory bank512A-D being accessed.

During data read operations, data being read from the addressed memory cells is coupled through the I/O gating and data masking circuit518to a read latch520. The I/O gating and data masking circuit518supplies N bits of data to the read latch520, which then applies two N/2 bit words to a multiplexer522. The circuit518provides 64 bits to the read latch520which, in turn, provides two 32 bits words to the multiplexer522. A data driver524sequentially receives the N/2 bit words from the multiplexer522and also receives a data strobe signal DQS from a strobe signal generator526and a delayed clock signal CLK_OUT from the clock generator523. The DQS signal is used by an external circuit such as a memory controller (not shown) in latching data from the memory device500during read operations. In response to the delayed clock signal CLK_OUT, the data driver524sequentially outputs the received N/2 bits words as a corresponding data word DQ, each data word being output in synchronism with rising or falling edges of the CLK signal that is applied to clock the memory device500. The data driver524also outputs the data strobe signal DQS in synchronism with rising or falling edges of the CLK signal. Each data word DQ and the data strobe signal DQS collectively define a data bus DATA. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the CLK_OUT signal from the DLL is a delayed version of the signal CLK signal, and the clock generator523adjusts the delay of the CLK_OUT signal relative to the signal CLK to ensure that the DQS signal and the DQ words are placed on the DATA bus in synchronism with the CLK signal, as previously described. The DATA bus also includes masking signals DM0-M, which will be described in more detail below with reference to data write operations.

During data write operations, an external circuit such as a memory controller (not shown) applies N/2 bit data words DQ, the strobe signal DQS, and corresponding data masking signals DM on the data bus DATA. A data receiver528receives each DQ word and the associated DM signals, and applies these signals to input registers530that are clocked by the DQS signal. In response to a rising edge of the DQS signal, the input registers530latch a first N/2 bit DQ word and the associated DM signals, and in response to a falling edge of the DQS signal the input registers latch the second N/2 bit DQ word and associated DM signals. The input register530provides the two latched N/2 bit DQ words as an N-bit word to a write FIFO and driver532, which clocks the applied DQ word and DM signals into the write FIFO and driver in response to the DQS signal. The DQ word is clocked out of the write FIFO and driver532in response to the CLK signal, and is applied to the I/O gating and masking circuit518. The I/O gating and masking circuit518transfers the DQ word to the addressed memory cells in the accessed bank512A-D subject to the DM signals, which may be used to selectively mask bits or groups of bits in the DQ words (i.e., in the write data) being written to the addressed memory cells.

A control logic and command decoder534receives a plurality of command and clocking signals over a control bus CONT, typically from an external circuit such as a memory controller (not shown). The command signals include a chip select signal CS*, a write enable signal WE*, a column address strobe signal CAS*, and a row address strobe signal RAS*, while the clocking signals include a clock enable signal CKE* and complementary clock signals CLK, CLK*, with the “*” designating a signal as being active low. The command signals CS*, WE*, CAS*, and RAS* are driven to values corresponding to a particular command, such as a read, write, or auto-refresh command. In response to the clock signal CLK or the combination of clock signals CLK, CLK*, the command decoder534latches and decodes an applied command, and generates a sequence of clocking and control signals that control the components502-532to execute the function of the applied command. The clock enable signal CKE enables clocking of the command decoder534by the clock signal CLK or clock signals CLK, CLK*. The command decoder534latches command and address signals at edges of the CLK signal or CLK and CLK* signals (i.e., the crossing point of CLK going high and CLK* going low), while the input registers530and data drivers524transfer data into and from, respectively, the memory device500in response to the edges of the data strobe signal DQS and thus at the frequency of the clock signal CLK or clock signals CLK, CLK*. This is true because the DQS signal has the same frequency as the clock signals. The memory device500is referred to as a double-data-rate device because the data words DQ being transferred to and from the device are transferred at double the rate of a conventional SDRAM, which transfers data at a rate corresponding to the frequency of the applied clock signal. The detailed operation of the control logic and command decoder534in generating the control and timing signals is conventional, and thus, for the sake of brevity, will not be described in more detail.

FIG. 6is a block diagram of a processor-based system600including processor circuitry602, which includes the memory device500ofFIG. 5. Typically, the processor circuitry602is coupled through address, data, and control buses to the memory device500to provide for writing data to and reading data from the memory device. The processor circuitry602includes circuitry for performing various processing functions, such as executing specific software to perform specific calculations or tasks. In addition, the processor-based system600includes one or more input devices604, such as a keyboard or a mouse, coupled to the processor circuitry602to allow an operator to interface with the processor-based system600. Typically, the processor-based system600also includes one or more output devices606coupled to the processor circuitry602, such as output devices typically including a printer and a video terminal. One or more data storage devices608are also typically coupled to the processor circuitry602to store data or retrieve data from external storage media (not shown). Examples of typical storage devices608include hard and floppy disks, tape cassettes, compact disk read-only (“CD-ROMs”) and compact disk read-write (“CD-RW”) memories, and digital video disks (“DVDs”).

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, many of the components described above may be implemented using either digital or analog circuitry, or a combination of both. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.