Curved edge display with controlled distortion

An electronic display comprises a display matrix and an image-correcting layer. The display matrix includes a flat face portion, a curved corner portion, a light-releasing surface, and a series of pixels extending across the flat face portion and around the curved corner portion. Coupled to the light-releasing surface of the display matrix, the image-correcting layer is configured to transmit light released from the flat face portion of the display matrix and to reorient light released from the curved corner portion of the display matrix such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer substantially in parallel, forming an apparent plane image of the series of pixels.

BACKGROUND

Electronic display technology has undergone rapid growth in recent years. Displays have become larger, flatter, brighter, more efficient, and capable of true-to-life color at high resolution. On the other hand, display technology does not currently leverage the advantages of modular design, which is enjoyed in other technological areas.

SUMMARY

One implementation provides an electronic display comprising a display matrix and an image-correcting layer. The display matrix includes a flat face portion, a curved corner portion, a light-releasing surface, and a series of pixels extending across the flat face portion and around the curved corner portion. Coupled to the light-releasing surface of the display matrix, the image-correcting layer is configured to transmit light released from the flat face portion of the display matrix and to reorient light released from the curved corner portion of the display matrix such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer substantially in parallel, forming an apparent plane image of the series of pixels.

This Summary is provided to introduce in a simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description below. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of this disclosure will now be described by example and with reference to the drawing figures listed above. Components, process steps, and other elements that may be substantially the same in one or more of the figures are identified coordinately and are described with minimal repetition. It will be noted, however, that elements identified coordinately may also differ to some degree. It will be further noted that the figures are schematic and generally not drawn to scale. Rather, the various drawing scales, aspect ratios, and numbers of components shown in the figures may be purposely distorted to make certain features or relationships easier to see.

FIG. 1shows aspects of an electronic display system10in one example implementation. Display system10includes a plurality of abutting, borderless display modules12(12A,12B,12C, specifically) having at least one computer14(e.g.,14A,14B, and/or14C). The computer communicates with each of the borderless display modules and is configured to supply image data thereto. The computer may include one or more processors, such as a graphics processor, and associated electronic memory. More specifically, the computer may be configured to render image data for a display image16to be cooperatively presented on the display system, such that the display image extends across the plurality of display modules. The image data may be comprised of a plurality of image-data components, each encoding the portion of the display image to be presented on a corresponding display module. The computer may be further configured to convey each of the image-data components to its respective display module, so that a continuous, unbroken display image may be presented on the display system. The mode of conveyance of the image-data components may be wired or wireless. In the implementation ofFIG. 1, each of the display modules is observed in a landscape orientation and situated for horizontal abutment. Arranged in this manner, the display system presents a wide, panoramic display image. In other implementations, each of the display modules may be observed in a portrait orientation, to accommodate display images of lower aspect ratios.

In some implementations, at least one of the display modules12may include an abutment sensor18(e.g.,18A and/or18B inFIG. 1) configured to identify abutting display modules. Output from the abutment sensor or sensors may be conveyed to computer14B, so that the computer knows the geometric relationship of one display module relative to another, and is therefore able to map each image-data component to the corresponding display module. In some implementations, some functionality of the computer14(e.g.,14B) may be distributed to other computers14(e.g.,14A and/or14C) of display system10.

To facilitate a modular display system, such as display system10, each display module12may be borderless—viz., capable of presenting display content all the way to the edge. However, a borderless display may be subject to manufacturing constraints associated with the display matrix used to present the image content. Some of these constraints are discussed below, with reference toFIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C.

FIG. 2Ashows aspects of a display matrix20A in schematic detail. The display matrix includes a plurality of pixels22bordered by an inactive edge24. The inactive edge of the display matrix adjoins a sealing or supporting structure26. The sealing or supporting structure may be configured to protect the internal componentry of the display matrix, to provide electrical connection for addressing the pixels, or to secure the display matrix to a chassis, for example. Naturally, if display matrix20A were to lie flat in operation, there would be an inactive border area surrounding the active area of the display; lying flat, display matrix20could not be used in a borderless display module.

InFIG. 2B, however, the region adjacent inactive edge24is curved away from observer28. In this configuration, display matrix20A could be used in a borderless display module, because the inactive edge and adjoining sealing or supporting structure26are hidden from the observer's sight. As shown inFIG. 2C, a second, abutting display matrix20B may now be added, to provide a continuous, unbroken display area30for display of a continuous, unbroken display image.

Even though display area30ofFIG. 2Cis continuous and unbroken, it may exhibit severe image distortion along and adjacent the shared edge32between curved edge regions34(34A,34B) of abutting display modules20A and20B. Likewise, either of the display modules, when observed separately, would exhibit distortion at the curved edge regions. This issue is easily apparent from the view ofFIG. 2B. Distortion occurs because observer28cannot sight a plane image of the series of pixels extending across flat face portion36and around curved corner portion34of the display matrix. Rather, the pixels of the curved corner portion are bent below the plane of the flat face portion (the image plane of the observer). The geometric projection of these pixels parallel to the observer's line of sight will exhibit compression38, therefore, at the curved edge region.

Further, a gap may be required between adjacent display modules, in order to add a protective cover glass (glass or polymer) for protecting the display modules. Finally, even if a constant-thickness, curved cover glass is used, this still may result in significant distortion, along with uniformity roll-off and coloration. These issues may be expected because the refracted angles in the cover-glass media that correspond to view angles at the viewer position may be high relative to the display-surface normal.

Set forth in this disclosure are approaches to correct the observed image of pixels22located in the curved corner portion34of a display matrix20, so that the pixel pitch appears uniform all the way to apparent edge40(the limit viewable by the observer). Based on borderless display modules12engineered as described herein, an effectively seamless modular electronic display system10can be constructed.

FIG. 3schematically shows aspects of an example electronic display module12in cross section. The electronic display module includes display matrix20, image-correcting layer42, and an optional luminance-correcting layer44.

Display matrix20includes curved corner portions34A and34B. The display matrix also includes a flat face portion36B between curved corner portions34A and34B, and flat face portions36A and36C, which are substantially perpendicular to flat face portion36B on the other sides of curved corner portions34A and34B, respectively. The display matrix presents a light-releasing surface46with pixels22arranged below the light-releasing surface. An example pixel series48(identified for purposes of illustration) extends across flat face portion36B and around curved corner portion34B. It will be noted that this series of pixels may be viewable through curved corner portion34B, flat face portion36B, and/or flat face portion36C, depending on the disposition of observer28relative to display module12. Accordingly, display matrix20can be used in a display module viewable from the side as well as the top. While only a small number of pixels are illustrated inFIG. 3, it is to be understood that this description is compatible with any display resolution.

Display matrix20may incorporate any suitable display technology, but must be capable of curvature. In some but not all implementations, to facilitate curvature, the display matrix may be flexible and/or bendable. As such, the display matrix may comprise an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) matrix. In the OLED art, a ‘bendable’ matrix typically supports a radius of curvature down to 3 millimeters (mm), while a ‘flexible’ matrix typically supports a radius of curvature down to 1 mm. Both bendable and flexible display matrices are compatible with this disclosure. In some implementations, each curved corner portion34of display matrix20admits of a cylindrical curvature, with a radius of the cylindrical curvature being 1 to 5 millimeters, or 3 to 5 millimeters in some examples, while other radii of curvature are also envisaged. In other implementations, the curvature may be non-cylindrical. The display matrix may have a thickness of about 300 microns in one, non-limiting implementation. The optical emitting layer for an OLED display matrix may typically be on the order of one-half the total thickness (e.g., 150 microns beneath surface of the display matrix). The thickness profile and refractive index of image correcting layer42(vide infra) accounts for the portion of the optical path between pixels22and light-releasing surface46. Continuing inFIG. 3, image-correcting layer42is coupled to light-releasing surface46of display matrix20. The image-correcting layer is configured to transmit light released from flat face portion36B of the display matrix (at or near the surface normal) and to reorient light released from curved corner portion34B such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer substantially in parallel, forming an apparent plane image50of pixel series48. The term ‘apparent plane image’ is used because the pixels of the curved corner portion do not form a real image per se (as the pixels of the flat face portion do). The skilled reader will note that the optical path to the observer from pixels of the curved corner region is longer than the optical path from pixels in the flat face portion. However, the pixels of the curved corner portion do appear to emanate from correct angle within viewer's field of view (FOV), such that the entire series of pixels appears as a continuous image along the plane of observation. Likewise, the term ‘substantially in parallel’ reminds the reader that minor deviations from rigorously parallel emergence will compromise the efficacy of this approach to only a minor degree. In some implementations, the emerging rays may deviate by one degree or less. In other implementations, the emerging rays may deviate by one-half a degree or less. The term ‘substantially in parallel’ encompasses deviations within these ranges.

In this implementation, the apparent plane image is parallel to the flat face portion of the display matrix. Further, the linear spacing ΔS between the pixels in the image is functionally related to the along-the-arc spacing ΔA of the pixels in series48, with ΔS=c×ΔA. The parameter c may be any desired function of distance along the light-releasing surface. In one, non-limiting example, the spacing between the pixels in the image is equal to the spacing between the pixels of the series. In other words, the parameter c may be equal to one across the entire pixel series48. This configuration provides, at normal (i.e., perpendicular to the plane) observation, zero distortion in the display image all the way to apparent edge40R. In other implementations, the spacing between the pixels in the image may be approximately equal to the spacing between the pixels of the series—to within 10% or 5%, for example.

In the implementation ofFIG. 3, image-correcting layer42is a refractive optic—i.e., a lens. In some implementations, the image-correcting layer is comprised of hardened glass. In other implementations, the image-correcting layer may be comprised of a transparent polymer, such as acrylic or polycarbonate, and may include a hard coating. Here, the thickness of the image-correcting layer is constant in a region arranged over flat face portion36B of display matrix20and continuously varied in a region arranged over curved corner portion34B of the display matrix. More specifically, the thickness of the image-correcting layer, as a function of distance along light-releasing surface46, is controlled such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer in parallel, forming the apparent plane image50of the pixel series48.

A display module12having an image-correcting layer42may be incorporated into a modular display system10, as described above.FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4Cillustrate a modular system comprising a right display module12R and a left display module12L as viewed from three different observation angles. InFIG. 4A, the display system is observed from the normal angle. InFIGS. 4B and 4C, the display system is observed from 15 and 30°, respectively, from the normal angle. In these examples, an apparent plane image of pixels spans both the right and the left display modules.

Ray tracing may be used to determine an appropriate thickness profile of image-correcting layer42, to satisfy the conditions above. The partial cross-sectional views ofFIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5Bfurther illustrate the ray-tracing. In some cases, the curvature desired for display matrix20is an initial constraint. Turning first toFIG. 5A, the curvature may be expressed as a pair of parametric functions X(i), Y(i), where the parameter i is the number of the pixel in a given series of pixels, X is the horizontal position of the pixel, and Y is the displacement of the pixel below the horizontal plane51of the pixels of flat face portion36. Once the curvature of the display matrix is established, the image-correcting layer profile is determined by tracing a ray from each pixel in a direction normal to that pixel, and may depend on the refractive index and thickness of various layers in between pixels and the exit surface of the image correcting layer, such as the top display layer above the emitting pixel layer, any optical bond layers, and the optional luminance correcting layer44(vide infra). In a closed-loop manner, the image-correcting layer is set to the appropriate thickness so that the traced ray exits the image-correcting layer normal to the flat face portion36of the display matrix. This optical condition will make the image of every pixel in the series appear to lie on horizontal plane51, from the point of view of the observer. In implementations in which the image-correcting layer is a bulk refractor, the ray-tracing procedure invokes Snell's Law at exit surface52of the image-correcting layer. In implementations in which the refractive index changes at entry surface54, the ray-tracing procedure may also invoke Snell's Law at the entry surface.

As shown in the ray-tracing diagram ofFIG. 5B, image-correcting layer42may be configured to reduce distortion on viewing display matrix20from the front (i.e., normal to flat face portion36B) and simultaneously to reduce distortion on viewing the display matrix from the side (i.e., normal to flat face portion36C). In the example illustrated inFIG. 5B, the image-correcting layer forms an apparent plane image50′ visible to the side observer28′ as well as the apparent image plane50visible to the front observer28. Apparent plane image50′ is aligned to observation plane51′, which is the plane of the pixels in flat face portion36C.

An efficient application of ray tracing to compute the thickness profile of image-correcting layer42is summarized below, with reference now toFIG. 5B.

In the diagram ofFIG. 5B, the parameter S represents horizontal distance across image-correcting layer42right of the center of curvature C of curved corner portion34. The parameter A represents distance clockwise along the curved arc of the pixels of the display matrix. Iteration is begun with input of an appropriate initial thickness T of image-correcting layer42above flat face portion36of display matrix20, and input of the radius of curvature R. At each step of the iteration, A is incremented by an appropriate dA, and S is incremented by dS=c×dA. This condition provides the desired geometric mapping between actual and imaged pixel positions. Every point on the curved arc of the pixels is joined to a corresponding point on exit surface52by a ray that propagates through the image-correcting layer. This ray propagates at an angle θ relative to the desired exit direction, which is normal to the flat face portion. The value of θ is determined trigonometrically, based on the increments dA and dS. As shown inFIG. 5B, α is the angle of the normal of exit surface52relative to the desired exit direction. Snell's Law relates α and θ. For efficiency of computation, a look-up table pairing α and θ based on Snell's Law is populated at the outset of the iteration. Using the look-up table, α is determined based on θ at each step of the iteration, and the value of the thickness T is updated based on α: T=T−dS tan(α). The process then loops back to compute a new value of the angle θ based on updated values of S and T.

Distortion in the display image is eliminated only when the c parameter equals one for the entire series of pixels of a curved corner portion. This requires a constrained thickness profile that may or may not be consistent with the desired aesthetic of display module12or with manufacturing constraints. In some scenarios, therefore, it may be desirable to strike a compromise between image correction and aesthetic and/or manufacturing constraints by tolerating a small and controlled amount of distortion over the curved corner portion. This is accomplished by setting the parameter c to a non-unit value or by varying c as a function of distance across the display matrix (S inFIG. 5B), which may be a linear or nonlinear function of distance, e.g., apparent pixel spacing or pixel position may vary with distance across as a gamma function. It should be noted that small changes having a low or imperceptible impact on distortion may be used to expand the edge for a given value of R, so as to enable control over target side thickness of the image-correcting layer, for mechanical or aesthetic purposes.

An image-correcting layer42having a thickness profile as described above may be hot-formed, ground and polished, in some implementations. In other implementations, the image-correcting layer may be formed using a constant-thickness, hot-formed cover glass and undermolding the radius in a first molding step, followed by optically clear adhesive (OCA) bonding display matrix20to the undermolded cover glass. Alternatively, a curved, constant-thickness cover glass may be placed over the display matrix, and the curved corner gap may be filled with an optically clear resin.

In the approach outlined above, the refractive index of image-correcting layer42is assumed to be constant. This condition is not necessary, however, as controlled variation of the refractive index of the image-correcting layer may be used to change the thickness profile, for reasons described above in the context of using a non-unit c parameter. Accordingly, the refractive index of the image-correcting layer may be constant in a region arranged over a flat face portion36of the display matrix and continuously varied in a region arranged over a curved corner portion34of display matrix20. More specifically, each of a thickness and a refractive index of the image-correcting layer, as functions of distance along light-releasing surface46, may be controlled such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer in parallel, forming an apparent plane image50of the pixel series48.

Returning now toFIG. 3, in display module12, luminance-correcting layer44is arranged between display matrix20and image-correcting layer42. The luminance-correcting layer optically couples light from the display matrix into the image-correcting layer. More specifically, the luminance-correcting layer is configured to deflect the light released from curved corner portion34B into an acceptance cone (or other acceptance profile) of the image-correcting layer. The luminance-correcting layer is desirable in some implementations because light emission from the various pixels22of an OLED matrix may be less than Lambertian, e.g., having angular exit intensity profile with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) on order of 82°. This means that the peak of the emission is directed at low angles relative to the surface normal of the display matrix. In curved edge region34B, therefore, the peak luminance, and thus a substantial portion of angularly emitted light energy, from the pixel array may be unavailable for refraction at the desired exit angle without use of a luminance-correcting layer. In some implementations, the luminance-correcting layer is a prismatic layer having a periodic array of prismatic facets arranged in a lower-index medium, or a higher index medium, so as to utilize differential index to achieve the redirection of peak luminance light into acceptance of the image correcting layer, as well as redirect other angles of emitted light. The prismatic facets cooperate in a Fresnel sense to bend the emitted light into the acceptance profile of the image-correcting layer. In other implementations, the luminance-correcting layer may include a holographic layer including three or more holograms configured to redirect the emitted light into the acceptance profile of the image-correcting layer. Volume holograms excited individually by red, green, and blue light may be especially useful for this purpose.

No aspect of the foregoing drawings or description should be interpreted in a limiting sense, for numerous variations, extensions, and omissions are also envisaged. Luminance-correcting layer44, for example, may not be necessary in every implementation. One approach to reducing the roll-off in luminance for a given radius of curvature is to utilize less than the full 90° arc length in the curved corner portion. This approach is illustrated inFIG. 6. This configuration may enable the display to appear similar to the binder seam of an open book—a desirable effect in some scenarios. Utilizing an arc length less than 90°, a pair of abutting display modules12meeting at a darkened edge24may provide a desirable book-like aesthetic.

Furthermore, if the display content is reflective (e.g., printed matter on substrate or comprising e-ink on e-paper), ambient light may serve as the illumination source, such that display appears reasonably uniform all the way to the edge. In still other implementations, the luminance uniformity roll-off may be addressed by electronically boosting the emitted output of the pixels within the curved corner portion. Here, the amount of increase in output luminance for each pixel may be adjusted so that the apparent plane image50of pixels may appear uniform in luminance all the way to the edge. In some cases, a correction profile of drive character may be utilized, e.g., having a non-linear ramp function from the beginning of the curved corner portion to the edge of the display. In some cases, a boost of as high as a factor of two may be utilized as part of the boosted correction driving profile of pixels within the curved corner portion, in order to achieve a prescribed uniformity of the pixels in apparent image plane to the edge. While one option is to lower the luminance in the flat face portion, such that the edge is boosted in a relative sense, overdriving the pixels in the curved corner portion enables the pixels of the flat face portion to provide a given minimum luminance for normal viewing. For instance, some OLED manufacturers provide a normal brightness and a high brightness mode, so one option is to use some of the high brightness range to boost the pixels of the curved corner portion so that the display device achieves uniformity for normal viewing.

As noted above, image-correcting layer42may enable display content to be presented all the way to edge of display module12, for a truly borderless display. This usage scenario is not strictly necessary, however. For instance, the image-correcting layer may also be used to achieve close-to-edge display presentation, such as in cases where a geometric tuck around the curved edge hides some but not all of the black border of a display module. In general, the desired approach of the display content to the edge could be a parameter to be adjusted as desired, depending on target thickness, radius of curvature, and width of the inactive edge24of display matrix20(which may be 0.6 to 0.85 millimeters for some OLED displays). In other words, the image-correcting layer may support a borderless display system, however the scale of a particular display and finite border width may reveal cases where low distortion is achieved, but with an apparent black border, due to finite black border width. Further, while modular operation of electronic display module12is indeed contemplated, it is not always necessary. A borderless electronic display exhibiting low distortion all the way to the viewable edge24is useful even when used by itself. To emphasize this fact, electronic display module12can also be referred to as a ‘electronic display’, with no loss of generality.

Although image-correcting layer42is refractive in the above implementations, even this feature is not strictly necessary. In other implementations, the image-correcting layer may include one or more prismatic and/or holographic films, similar to the films described in the context of luminance-correcting layer44. In other words, one prismatic and/or holographic film arranged at entry surface54of the image-correcting layer, and another at exit surface52, may accomplish or assist in the reorientation of light from curved edge regions42. Moreover, a prismatic and/or holographic film at entry surface54may be configured to achieve the combined effects of luminance and image correction.

In some scenarios, the solutions described above are sufficient, without any upstream correction of the image data, to reduce the optical distortion from display module12to acceptable levels. This does not imply, however, that the above solutions are exclusive of upstream image-data correction. Indeed, scenarios are envisaged in which an image-correcting layer42is used in combination with some upstream correction, for added benefit. In implementations in which aesthetic or manufacturing constraints do not permit a zero-distortion (c=1) image-correcting layer to be used, the image-correcting layer may be configured to provide a small amount of controlled distortion, which is nulled by upstream correction of the image data. One or more computers14of the display module or system may be used to effect the correction.

Finally, while image-correcting layer42is well-suited to correct image distortion from a curved, emissive (e.g., OLED) display, even that aspect is not strictly necessary. Indeed, the image-correcting layer as described herein may be used over a curved display matrix comprising e-ink on e-paper, which reflects and absorbs ambient light, and over curved printed media, such as ordinary paper. In these examples, a diffusely reflective front surface of the media may act as a surrogate for the emissive pixels noted above. In implementations where a display image is formed by controlling the reflection of light, light-releasing surface46may release light by reflection.

One aspect of this disclosure is directed to an electronic display comprising a display matrix including a series of pixels extending across a flat face portion and around a curved corner portion, and, an image-correcting layer coupled to a light-releasing surface of the display matrix. The image-correcting layer is configured to transmit light released from the flat face portion and to reorient light released from the curved corner portion such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer in parallel, forming an apparent plane image of the series of pixels.

In some implementations, the electronic display further comprises a luminance-correcting layer arranged between the display matrix and the image-correcting layer and configured to deflect the light released from the curved corner portion into an acceptance of the image-correcting layer. In some implementations, the display matrix includes a flexible organic light-emitting diode matrix. In some implementations, the image-correcting layer includes one or more prismatic and/or holographic films. In some implementations, the image-correcting layer includes a refractive optic. In some implementations, a thickness of the image-correcting layer is constant in a region arranged over the flat face portion of the display matrix and continuously varied in a region arranged over the curved corner portion of the display matrix. In some implementations, a refractive index of the image-correcting layer is constant in a region arranged over the flat face portion of the display matrix and continuously varied in a region arranged over the curved corner portion of the display matrix. In some implementations, each of a thickness and a refractive index of the image-correcting layer, as functions of distance along the light-releasing surface, are controlled such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer in parallel, forming the apparent plane image of the series of pixels. In some implementations, the apparent plane image is parallel to the flat face portion of the display matrix. In some implementations, a spacing ΔS between the pixels in the image is functionally related to a spacing ΔA of the pixels in the series, wherein ΔS=c×ΔA, and wherein c is a function of distance along the light-releasing surface. In some implementations, the spacing between the pixels in the image is equal to the spacing between the pixels of the series. In some implementations, the curved corner portion admits of a cylindrical curvature, and a radius of the cylindrical curvature is one to five millimeters. In some implementations, the image-correcting layer is comprised of hardened glass. In some implementations, the electronic display further comprises a second flat face portion, wherein the curved corner portion is between the flat face portion and the second flat face portion, and wherein the series of pixels is viewable through both the flat face portion and the second flat face portion.

Another aspect of this disclosure is directed to a display comprising a light-releasing display surface extending across a flat face portion and around a curved corner portion; and an image-correcting layer coupled to the light-releasing display surface. The image-correcting layer is configured to transmit light released from the flat face portion and to reorient light released from the curved corner portion such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer in parallel, forming an apparent plane image of the flat face portion and the curved corner portion.

In some implementations, the electronic display further comprises a luminance-correcting layer arranged between the light-releasing display surface and the image-correcting layer, wherein the luminance-correcting layer is configured to deflect the light released from the curved corner portion into an acceptance profile of the image-correcting layer. In some implementations, the luminance-correcting layer includes a prismatic layer. In some implementations, the luminance-correcting layer includes a holographic layer.

Another aspect of this disclosure is directed to an electronic display system comprising a borderless display module, itself comprising a display matrix including a series of pixels extending across a flat face portion and around a curved corner portion; and an image-correcting layer coupled to a light-releasing surface of the display matrix. The image-correcting layer is configured to transmit light released from the flat face portion and to reorient light released from the curved corner portion such that the transmitted light and the reoriented light exit the image-correcting layer in parallel, forming an apparent plane image of the series of pixels. The electronic display system also comprises a computer operatively coupled to the borderless display module.

In some implementations, the borderless display module is one of a plurality of abutting borderless display modules, and the computer is configured to provide image data to each of the abutting borderless display modules, to present a continuous, unbroken display image extending across the plurality of borderless display modules.