Systems and methods for managing read voltages in a cross-point memory array

Techniques are provided for managing voltages on memory cells in a cross-point array during a read operation. The techniques apply to vertical layer thyristor memory cells and non-thyristor memory cells. Voltages on selected bitlines (e.g., corresponding to memory cells from which data is to be read), are set to a read voltage level. Voltages on unselected bitlines (e.g., corresponding to memory cells from which data is not to be read and which are not to be disturbed) are set to a de-bias voltage level that is different from the read voltage level.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates generally to Random-Access Memory (RAM) memory technologies (e.g., volatile and non-volatile memories), and more particularly to memory storage that uses a cross-point array.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Cross-point memory arrays can provide a dense, closely packed structure of memories. Memory cells used in cross-point memory arrays may have a resistive state (e.g., a high resistance state) or non-conducting state, and a conductive state (e.g., a low resistance state) or conducting state. The process of accessing a memory cell within an array in order to read information stored within the memory cell may disturb neighboring memory cells in the cross-point memory array that are coupled to the memory cell by a common Bit-line or a common Word-line. Techniques are needed to control the voltage levels across the memory cell to avoid disturbing neighboring cells.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Systems and methods are provided for managing voltages applied to memory cells in a cross-point memory array during a read operation to access data from the cross-point memory array (e.g., by detecting whether one or more memory cells in the cross-point array is in a high resistance state or a low-resistance state). For example, the memory cells in a cross-point memory array may be located at the intersections of a first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines), and a second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines). In some embodiments, each memory cell in a cross-point memory array be located at an intersection between a Bit-line and a Word-line. In some embodiments, each memory cell in a cross-point memory array be located at an intersection between a Bit-line and two or more Word-lines. For example, a memory cell may be located at an intersection between a pair of parallel or substantially parallel Word-lines connected to the memory cell, and a Bit-line connected to the memory cell.

In some embodiments, the data may be read from the selected subset of the memory cells by detecting whether a voltage level on a subset (e.g., selected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) transitions from a first voltage level to a read-voltage level, indicating whether a respective memory cell (e.g., corresponding to a selected Bit-line) is in a high resistance state or a low resistance state. When performing a read operation, the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines) and the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) may be set and/or changed (e.g., switched) to various voltages according to a sequence, in order to access a selected subset of the memory cells and read data from the selected subset of the memory cells. The sequence of biasing the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines) and the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) reduces unintended current flows through unselected memory cells.

For example, a voltage applied to the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines) may be set to a standby voltage to reduce current flowing through the memory cells coupled to the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines). As referred to herein, the term “coupled to” may be understood to refer to directly or indirectly connected (e.g., through an electrical connection). Subsequently, a voltage applied to a second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) may be set to a first voltage level (e.g., a precharge voltage level). Subsequently a voltage applied to a first subset (e.g., unselected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) may be transitioned from the first voltage level to a de-biased voltage level, in order to unselect the first subset by reducing current flowing through memory cells coupled to the first subset (e.g., unselected Bit-lines). Subsequently, a voltage applied to a subset (e.g., selected Word-lines) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines), may be changed (e.g., switched) from the standby voltage level to a first read voltage level. The changing of voltage applied to the subset (e.g., selected Word-lines) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines) applies a voltage drop across selected memory cells at the intersections of the second subset (e.g., selected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines), and the subset (e.g., selected Word-lines) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines). Subsequently, voltage levels corresponding to the second subset (e.g., selected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) may be monitored to detect whether a respective voltage level of an electrically conducting line of the second subset (e.g., selected Bit-line) transitions from a first voltage level to a second read voltage level, and thereby detect a state of a corresponding selected memory cell. For example, if a transition occurs, then a corresponding cell may be in a low resistance state. If a transition does not occur, the cell is may be a high resistance state.

In some embodiments, an apparatus for accessing at least one memory cell (e.g., one or more memory cells) in a cross-point memory array of memory cells, includes a first plurality of driver circuitry (e.g., row and/or Word-line drivers), a second plurality of driver circuitry (e.g., column and/or Bit-line drivers), and a plurality of sense amplifier circuitry. The cross-point memory array may include a first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines), and a second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines). The first plurality of driver circuitry (e.g., row and/or Word-line drivers) may be configured to set voltages applied to a first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines) to a standby voltage level. The second plurality of driver circuitry (e.g., column and/or Bit-line drivers) may be configured to change the voltage applied to the first subset (e.g., unselected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) from a first voltage level (e.g., a precharge voltage level) to a de-biased voltage level. Subsequent to the second plurality of driver circuitry (e.g., column and/or Bit-line drivers) changing the voltage applied to the first subset (e.g., unselected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g, Bit-lines), the first plurality of driver circuitry (e.g., row and/or Word-line drivers) may be configured to change voltages applied to a subset (e.g., selected Word-lines) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines) from the standby voltage level to a first read voltage level.

A plurality of sense amplifier circuitry may be configured to detect whether a voltage at each conducting line (e.g., selected Bit-line) of a second subset (e.g., selected Bit-lines) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Bit-lines) changes from the first voltage level to a second read voltage level, subsequent to the first plurality of driver circuitry changing voltages applied to the subset (e.g., selected Word-lines) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., Word-lines).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Memory cells arranged in cross-point arrays offer a promising memory technology. These memory cells in the cross-point array may be arranged as an array of minimum 4F2cells, thereby minimizing cell area and reducing fabrication cost. Memory cells in a cross-point array may also be arranged in a stacked configuration to further increase the density of memory cells in a cross-point array. The memory cells in the cross-point array can be uniquely accessed without one or more select transistors. The memory cells in the cross-point array may have a high resistance state or a non-conducting state, and a low resistance state or a conducting state. In some embodiments, the high resistance state/non-conducting state may be referred to as an ON state, and the low resistance state/conducting state may be referred to as an OFF state. In some embodiments, the high resistance state/non-conducting state may be referred to as an OFF state, and the low resistance state/conducting state may be referred to as the ON state.

A memory cell can be selected in a cross-point array by toggling Bit-lines (BLs) and Word-lines (WLs) appropriately for read and write operations. For example, a first memory cell located at the intersection of a first BL and a first WL may be selected by biasing the first BL and/or the first WL, and subsequently sensing current at the first BL and/or the first WL to detect whether the first memory cell is in a high resistance state (HRS) or a non-conducting state, or a low resistance state (LRS) or a conducting state. To avoid non-ideal current paths (e.g., sneak-paths) that may cause an HRS of the first memory cell to be incorrectly detected as a LRS, a steering device (e.g., such as a diode or other non-linear semiconductor device exhibiting rectifying behavior), may be fabricated as part of or in addition to the memory cell. Examples of memory cells that can be used in cross-point memory array include Spin Transfer Torque-Magnetoresistive Random-Access Memory (STT-MRAM), Resistive-RAM, Phase-Change RAM, and Vertical Layer Thyristor (VLT) RAM, and One-Time Programmable (OTP) RAM. In some embodiments, each memory cell in a cross-point memory array be located at an intersection between a Bit-line and a Word-line. In some embodiments, each memory cell in a cross-point memory array be located at an intersection between a Bit-line and two or more Word-lines. For example, a memory cell may be located at an intersection between a pair of parallel or substantially parallel Word-lines connected to the memory cell, and a Bit-line connected to the memory cell.

FIG. 1depicts a diagram of a vertical layer thyristor (VLT) memory cell in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Advantages of thyristors include the ability to precisely tune operating characteristics (e.g., switching speed, static power consumption, dynamic power consumption, etc.) by tuning the geometry and composition of component layers of each thyristor cell. VTL memory cell100may include a VLT130coupled to a first electrically conducting line110, and a second electrically conducting line120. In some embodiments, the first electrically conducting line may be a BL, and the second electrically conducting line may be a WL. In some embodiments, the first electrically conducting line may be a WL, and the second electrically conducting line may be a BL. VLTs have an advantage over certain types of memory cells because VLTs exhibit non-linear rectifying behavior (e.g., of a diode). Accordingly, the use of a VLT memory cell may obviate the need for an additional or separate steering device

FIG. 2depicts a current voltage (IV) graph200that describes the operation of a VLT memory cell (e.g., depicted inFIG. 1), in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The x-axis or independent axis may correspond to voltage applied across the VLT memory cell. The y-axis or dependent axis may correspond to current through the VLT memory cell at a particular applied voltage. It should be understood that voltage applied across the cell may correspond to a voltage difference between a first electrically conducting line (e.g.,110ofFIG. 1) and a second electrically conducting line (e.g.,120ofFIG. 1), and that the voltage levels of the first electrically conducting line and the second electrically conducting line may be non-zero (e.g., greater than or less than zero volts).

The VLT memory cell may initially be in a high resistance state, corresponding to a portion210of the IV graph. As voltage across the VLT memory cell increases from zero along portion210of the IV graph, the current across the VLT memory cell increases under high resistance. When the voltage across the VLT memory cell exceeds a first threshold voltage205(e.g., a breakdown voltage or latching voltage VL) and/or the current through the VLT memory cell exceeds a current225(e.g., a latching current), the VLT memory cell transitions from the high resistance state to a low resistance state, corresponding to a portion220of the IV graph. The low resistance state is indicated by the steeper slope of portion220of the IV graph as compared to portion210of the IV graph. After the transition from the high resistance state to the lower resistance state, the voltage across the VLT memory cell may decrease from V1205, to V2215. The current may correspond to I2at225. In the low resistance state, as voltage across the VLT memory cell increases, the current increases according to portion220of the IV graph. As the voltage across the VLT memory cell decreases, the current decreases according to portion220of the IV graph. When the voltage across the VLT memory cell, in the low resistance state, decreases below a second threshold voltage215(e.g., a holding voltage) and/or the current through the VLT memory cell decreases below current235(e.g., a holding current), the thyristor transitions from the low resistance state into the high resistance state. In some embodiments, current235(e.g., a holding current) may be greater than current205(e.g., a latching current). In some embodiments, current235(e.g., a holding current) may be less than current205(e.g., a latching current). When the voltage across the VLT cell decreases below zero, the current through the VLT memory cell follows portion230of the IV graph. The high resistance in portion230of the IV graph indicates rectifying behavior of the VLT memory cell.

FIG. 3depicts an apparatus for managing voltage levels within a cross-point memory array of memory cells345when accessing a subset of the memory cells, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.FIG. 3includes m columns (e.g.,330a,330b,330c) and n rows of memory cells345. In some embodiments,FIG. 3depicts a sub-array block300of memory cells. Each row of memory cells may correspond to an electrically conducting line of a first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,350,355,360; WL0to WLn). For example, a first row of memory cells (e.g.,350a,350b,350c) may correspond to electrically conducting line350; a second row of memory cells (e.g.,355a,355b,355c) may correspond to electrically conducting line355; and a third row of memory cells (e.g.,360a,360b,360c) may correspond to electrically conducting line360. In some embodiments, the first plurality of electrically conducting lines may be WLs. In some embodiments, the first plurality of electrically conducting lines may be BLs.

Each column (e.g.,330a,330b,330c) of memory cells may correspond to an electrically conducting line of a second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,332a,332b,332c; BL0-BLm). For example, a first column330aof memory cells (e.g.,350a,355a,360a) may correspond to electrically conducting line332a; a second column330bof memory cells (e.g.,350b,355b,360b) may correspond to electrically conducting line332b; and a third column330cof memory cells (e.g.,350c,355c,360c) may correspond to electrically conducting line332c. In some embodiments, the second plurality of electrically conducting lines may be BLs. In some embodiments, the second plurality of electrically conducting lines may be WLs.

FIG. 3may include a plurality325of column multiplexors (e.g.,310a,310b,310c; col-mx0-col-mxm). Each of the plurality325of column multiplexors may correspond to a respective column of memory cells, and a respective electrically conducting line of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines. For example, column multiplexor310amay correspond to correspond to column330aof memory cells and output to electrically conducting line332a; column multiplexor310bmay correspond to correspond to column330bof memory cells and output to electrically conducting line332b; and column multiplexor310cmay correspond to correspond to column330cof memory cells and output to electrically conducting line332c.

Each of the plurality325of column multiplexors may select between two voltage levels320: a voltage level for a selected column (e.g., VBLS, voltage bit-line select) and a voltage level for an unselected column (e.g., VBLNS, voltage bit-line non-select). The plurality325of column multiplexors may be controlled by a plurality of select inputs380(e.g., mx0-mxm), where each of the plurality of select inputs may correspond to a respective column multiplexor, and select between the voltage level for the selected column, and the voltage level for the unselected column. For example, if an input for a multiplexor is 1, the voltage for a selected column may be output, column read voltage level may be selected, and if the input the for the multiplexor is 0, the de-biased voltage level may be selected.

Each of the plurality of column multiplexors may take as input one of the two voltage levels320and output to a respective electrically conducting line corresponding to a respective column of memory cells. By using the plurality325of column multiplexors, a first subset of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of332a,332b,332c) may be selected (e.g., for a read operation), and a second subset of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of332a,332b,332c) may be unselected (e.g., for a de-bias setting during the read operation). In some embodiments, each of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,332a,332b,332c;432a,432b,432c; BL0-BLm) may be coupled to a respective sense amplifier (not shown), which may be used to detect whether a respective voltage level of a respective electrically conducting line of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines changes. In some embodiments, each of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,350,355,360;450,455,460; WL0to WLn) may be coupled to a respective sense amplifier (not shown), which may be used to detect whether a respective voltage level of a respective electrically conducting line of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines changes. Sense amplifiers are described in P. Gray et. al., “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons, 5thEd. 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In some embodiments, each of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,332a,332b,332c;432a,432b,432c; BL0-BLm) may be coupled to a respective column driver and/or BL driver (not shown), which may be used to change or switch a respective voltage level of a respective electrically conducting line of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines. Column drivers, BL drivers, and/or other driver circuitry are described in P. Gray et. al., “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons, 5thEd. 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In some embodiments, each of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,350,355,360;450,455,460; WL0to WLn) may be coupled to a respective row driver and/or WL driver (not shown), which may be used to change or switch a respective voltage level of a respective electrically conducting line of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines. Row drivers, WL drivers, and/or other driver circuitry are described in P. Gray et. al., “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons, 5thEd. 2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIG. 4depicts an apparatus for managing voltage levels within a cross-point memory array of thyristor memory cells445(e.g., thyristor memory cell100ofFIG. 1) when accessing a subset of the memory cells, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus ofFIG. 4may be similar to the apparatus ofFIG. 3except that the memory cells ofFIG. 4are thyristor memory cells.FIG. 4includes m columns (e.g.,430a,430b,430c) and n rows of thyristor memory cells445. In some embodiments,FIG. 4depicts a sub-array block400of thyristor memory cells. Each row of thyristor memory cells may correspond to an electrically conducting line of a first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,450,455,460; WL0to WLn). For example, a first row of thyristor memory cells (e.g.,450a,450b,450c) may correspond to electrically conducting line450; a second row of thyristor memory cells (e.g.,455a,455b,455c) may correspond to electrically conducting line455; and a third row of thyristor memory cells (e.g.,460a,460b,460c) may correspond to electrically conducting line460. In some embodiments, the first plurality of electrically conducting lines may be WLs. In some embodiments, the first plurality of electrically conducting lines may be BLs.

Each column (e.g.,430a,430b,430c) of thyristor memory cells may correspond to an electrically conducting line of a second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,432a,432b,432c; BL0-BLm). For example, a first column430aof thyristor memory cells (e.g.,450a,455a,460a) may correspond to electrically conducting line432a; a second column430bof memory cells (e.g.,450b,455b,460b) may correspond to electrically conducting line432b; and a third column430cof memory cells (e.g.,450c,455c,460c) may correspond to electrically conducting line432c. In some embodiments, the second plurality of electrically conducting lines may be BLs. In some embodiments, the second plurality of electrically conducting lines may be WLs.

FIG. 4may include a plurality425of column multiplexors. Each of the plurality425of column multiplexors may correspond to a respective column of memory cells, and a respective electrically conducting line of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines. Each of the plurality425of column multiplexors may select between two voltage levels420: a voltage level for a selected column (e.g., VBLS, voltage bit-line select) and a voltage level for an unselected column (e.g., VBLNS, voltage bit-line non-select). The plurality425of column multiplexors may be controlled by a plurality of select inputs480(e.g., mx0-mxm), where each of the plurality of select inputs may correspond to a respective column multiplexor, and select between the voltage level for the selected column, and the voltage level for the unselected column. For example, if an input for a multiplexor is 1, the voltage for a selected column may be output, column read voltage level may be selected, and if the input the for the multiplexor is 0, the de-biased voltage level may be selected.

Each of the plurality of column multiplexors may take as input one of the two voltage levels420and output to a respective electrically conducting line corresponding to a respective column of memory cells. By using the plurality425of column multiplexors, a first subset of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of432a,432b,432c) may be selected (e.g., for a read operation), and a second subset of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of432a,432b,432c) may be unselected (e.g., for a de-bias setting during the read operation).

FIG. 5depicts a timing diagram500of voltages applied within a cross-point memory array of memory cells, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.FIG. 5includes a first waveform510, second waveform530, third waveform550, and fourth waveform570. In some embodiments, the third waveform550may correspond to voltage levels of an un-selected set of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of350,355,360ofFIG. 3; a subset of450,455,460ofFIG. 4; a subset of WLs). In some embodiments, the fourth waveform570may correspond to a selected set of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of350,355,360ofFIG. 3; a subset of450,455,460ofFIG. 4; a subset of WLs). In some embodiments, the first waveform510may correspond to voltage levels of an un-selected set of second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of332a,332b,332cofFIG. 3; a subset of432a,432b,432cofFIG. 4; a subset of BLs). In some embodiments, the second waveform530may correspond to voltage levels of a selected set of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., a subset of332a,332b,332cofFIG. 3; a subset of432a,432b,432cofFIG. 4; a subset of BLs).

The changing of the voltages on in the waveforms510,530,550, and570may be controlled by a Finite State Machine (FSM), processor, microcontroller, or other control circuitry that may be in signal communication with a cross-point memory array (e.g., control circuitry on the same semiconductor substrate as, or on a separate semiconductor substrate from the cross-point memory array). For example, control circuitry may be in communication with driver circuitry and or sense amplifiers circuitry to cause the changing of the waveforms and/or detect voltage levels from the waveforms.

In some embodiments, the voltages applied to the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,350,355,360ofFIG. 3;450,455,460ofFIG. 4; WLs) may be set to a standby voltage level. In some embodiments, the voltages applied to the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g.,332a,332b,332cofFIG. 3;432a,432b,432cofFIG. 4; BLs) may be set to a first voltage level (e.g., a precharge voltage level). In some embodiments, where the memory cells are thyristor memory cells, a difference between the precharge voltage level (e.g., on BLs) and the standby voltage level (e.g., on WLs) may be less than a latching voltage (e.g., voltage205, VLofFIG. 2) of the thyristor memory cells and/or greater than a holding voltage (e.g., voltage215, VHofFIG. 2) of the thyristor memory cells.

In some embodiments, at time580, the voltage (e.g., in waveform510) applied to a first subset (e.g., an unselected subset) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., BLs), may be changed from the first voltage level512(e.g., a precharge voltage level) to a de-biased voltage level514. In some embodiments, where the memory cells are thyristor memory cells, a difference between the de-biased voltage level (e.g., on BLs) and the standby voltage level (e.g., on WLs) may be less than a latching voltage (e.g., voltage205, VLofFIG. 2) of the thyristor memory cells and/or greater than a holding voltage (e.g., voltage215, VHofFIG. 2) of the thyristor memory cells.

In some embodiments, at time583, voltages (e.g., in waveform570) applied to a first subset (e.g., a selected subset) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., WLs), the voltages may be changed from the standby voltage level (e.g.,552,572) to a first read voltage level574. In some embodiments, where the memory cells are thyristor memory cells, a difference between a de-biased voltage level (e.g., on BLs) or a first voltage level (e.g., a precharge voltage level on BLs) and the first read voltage level (e.g., on WLs) may be less than a latching voltage (e.g., voltage205, VLofFIG. 2) of the thyristor memory cells and/or greater than a holding voltage (e.g., voltage215, VHofFIG. 2) of the thyristor memory cells. The voltages applied to the unselected subset of BLs may be changed from the first voltage level512to a de-biased voltage514before changing the voltages of the selected WLs in order to reduce the voltage drop across memory cells (e.g., thyristor memory cells) of the unselected subset of BLs and the WLs in order to reduce the current flowing into a selected WL which may affect the ability to read selected BLs on the WL. The voltages applied to the unselected set of BLs may be changed at a fast rate in order to reduce the amount of current flowing into the selected WLs. In some embodiments, at time580, voltages (e.g., in waveform570) applied to a first subset (e.g., a selected subset) of the first plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., WLs), may be changed from the standby voltage level (e.g.,552,572) to a first read voltage level574, prior to the voltage (e.g., in waveform510) applied to a first subset (e.g., an unselected subset) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g. BLs) being changed (e.g., at time583) from a first voltage level512(e.g., a precharge voltage level) to a de-biased voltage level514.

In some embodiments, a single WL per memory block (e.g.,350,355,360;450,455,460) may be changed from the standby voltage level (e.g.,552,572) to the first read voltage level574. In some embodiments, more than a single WL per memory block (e.g., two WLs coupled to a same memory cell) may be changed from the standby voltage level (e.g.,552,572) to the first read voltage level574. Between time585and time587, a voltage level (e.g., in waveform530) of each electrically conducting line (e.g., a BL) of a second subset (e.g., a selected subset) of the second plurality of electrically conducting lines (e.g., BLs coupled to the single WL, or multiple WLs, that was changed from the standby voltage level to the first read voltage level) may transition from the first voltage level532(e.g., a precharge voltage level) to a second read voltage level534, depending on whether a respective memory cell at an intersection between a respective BL and the single WL is in a high resistance state or a low resistance state. If the respective memory cell is in a high resistance state, then a voltage level of the respective bit line will change from the precharge voltage level to the second read voltage level534. If the respective cell is in a low resistance state, then a voltage level of the respective bit line may change from the precharge voltage level to the second read voltage level534. Accordingly, a transition of the voltage level from the precharge voltage level to the second read voltage level may indicate that the respective memory cell is in a low resistance state. A lack of a transition of the voltage level may indicate that the respective memory cell is in a high resistance state.

This description has been presented for the purposes of illustration. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the teaching above. For example, PMOS devices may be used in place of NMOS devices, and NMOS devices may be used in place of PMOS devices in suitable configurations. The figures are not drawn to scale and are for illustrative purposes. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications. This description will enable others skilled in the art to best utilize and practice the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to a particular use. The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.