Deburring tool

The invention relates to a deburring tool for deburring abutting edges at orthogonally and obliquely extending transversal boreholes having a diameter of less than 10 mm in a component, such as an engine block, an injection system for combustion engines, a valve block and a camshaft or transmission shaft. The deburring tool is moved in a rotational and/or translatory manner and comprises a tool shaft (1), which is provided with a clamping end (2), and a tubular shaft part (5), characterized in that said tubular shaft part holds one or several cutting bodies (11) with a cutting blade (3), the cutting bodies being mounted in a movable manner in a passage (10), and in that a substance that is pressed under pressure into the through-bore (7) of the tool shaft (1) displaces the blade(s) to the exterior. The deburring tool is configured as a single piece and can be produced at low cost. Different blade geometries remove the burr by means of high speed deburring. The deburring tool can be introduced into the main borehole (HB) and the transversal borehole (QB). The technological requirements for the use of said deburring tool in intermittent assembly lines are therefore met.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a deburring tool for deburring abutting edges at orthogonally and obliquely extending transversal boreholes having a diameter of less than 10 mm in a component, such as an engine block, an injection system for combustion engines, a valve block as well as a camshaft or transmission shaft. When in use, the deburring tool is moved in a rotational and/or translatory manner, consists of a tool shaft comprising a clamping end and a tubular shaft part, which holds one or several cutting bodies, with a cutting blade, the cutting bodies, being mounted in each case in a movable manner in a passage and a substance, which is pressed under pressure into the through-borehole of the tool shaft, displaces the cutting blades(s) to the exterior.

A deburring tool, which can be used in a similar manner, is already known from DE 102 15 004 B4. It is characterizing for this deburring tool that it consists of a tool shaft, which has a clamping end with a material connection and of a shaft end at the tool side comprising a support body, which is arranged as a fixed journal, and of a tubular shaft part, which is connected to the tool shaft by means of connecting elements. The shaft part has one or several cutting bodies, which are in each case mounted in a movable manner in a passage and which loosely and with play bear on the surface of the support body, the shape and measurements of which are always geometrically different from the surface of the cutting body and a substance, which is pressed under pressure into the through-borehole of the tool shaft displaces the cutting blade(s) to the exterior. In particular because of the necessary connecting elements, the constructional embodiment of this deburring tool requires a high production effort, whereby an economical deburring processing for automated process sequences, such as, e.g., in intermittent assembly lines, is not given. However, the deburring tool is easy to handle and enables a technically safe deburring according to the required quality standard. This means that the cutting blade(s) do not create visible tracks at the wall of the borehole when the deburring tool is introduced the borehole. Abutting edges at intersecting boreholes of a workpiece can be deburred, for example, in that a pressure p of 0.3 MPa is programmed at the machine tool control and the deburring tool is then introduced into the borehole. The cutting blades located on the exterior of the tool shaft are thus moved to the interior, partial areas of the passage become free and the liquid or gaseous substance pressed into the through-borehole of the deburring tool can then flow off. When the cutting blade is introduced into the transversal borehole, the cutting blade moves to the exterior because of the applied pressure, which is generated by means of the available surface difference between support body and cutting body. A defined force, which can be used for the deburring, is now connected. The cutting blade forces of the deburring tool can be variably adjusted via the machine tool control by changing the pressure and can also be adapted to the different substances, which are to be deburred. The cutting blade arranged at the cutting body has a cutting blade height of less than 1 mm and a cutting blade width of less than 0.5 mm. The cutting blade encompasses shoulders, which are arranged laterally and which are provided with a shoulder angle of from 5 to 45 degrees. The cutting blade can thus be used, in particular, for deburring transversal boreholes having smaller diameters. An accurate cutting blade guide is to be given when the cutting body has a cutting blade center part with the cutting blade and a radial lateral cutting blade limitation. It is furthermore characterizing for the cutting blade that the actively cutting partial area encompasses a chamfer of 60 degrees, that the surfaces thereof are always arranged parallel to the x and y axis and have a clearance angle of zero degrees. This has the advantage that the deburring tool, after the deburring, removes the secondary bur, which may possibly be created, in response to the counter-clockwise rotation. It can be determined that non-constant engagement angles are given during the deburring at the actively cutting partial area of the cutting blade and at the base profile of the burr. This can be identified when one or several tangents rest against a circle. The angle between tangent and circle changes constantly even if the actively cutting partial area of the cutting blade is embodied in the shape of a parabola, an ellipsis or a hyperbola. In certain areas of the already deburred burr profile, this can lead to unsatisfactory results, such as the creation of deposits or uneven material losses. In addition, the cutting blade is stressed in an impulsive manner. Another disadvantage of the deburring tool lies in the shoulders, which are laterally arranged at the cutting blade and which interfere with a deburring of obliquely extending transversal boreholes having smaller diameters. Tests on obliquely extending transversal boreholes, which have a crossing angle of less than 90 degrees, also prove that these tools can only be used conditionally to deburr abutting edges at transversal boreholes having a crossing angle of up to 75 degrees as a function of the characteristic material values. High-strength materials are preferentially used specifically for components of the automotive industry. However, the deburring tool known from DE 102 15 004 B4 cannot remove this burr according to quality standards due to its cutting blade geometry. As is known, this burr is preferentially still removed manually with great effort. Mechanically operating tools for deburring the edge of the borehole of boreholes and transversal boreholes are known as well. Depending on the crossing angle, the mechanically operating tools deburr the ellipsis located in the space in an area of from 270 degrees to 320 degrees. The remaining area of from 40 degrees to 90 degrees is not deburred. This is the area, which has an edge angle of <90 degrees. The cause for this is the fact that a large pressure angle is created between cutting blade and edge angle of the ellipsis in the area of the small edge angles. When introducing the tool into the borehole, the burr is either pushed away or a new burr in the form of a secondary burr is produced in response to the deburring. Furthermore, a deburring tool for deburring small borehole diameters, where at least one recess oriented obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the base body is arranged in a base body, is known from DE 10 2004 054 989 A1. At least one knife is arranged in said recess in longitudinal direction of the recess so as to be displaceable in a spring-loaded manner and a pressure spring is arranged in a longitudinal borehole of the base body. Said pressure spring applies itself to the one end of a control bolt, the other end of which engages with a control recess, which is arranged in the blade and which assigns a holding force to the knife in displacement direction. It is characterizing herein that the base body, at its front side, transitions into a guide sleeve having a smaller diameter for the purpose of deburring borehole diameters of <20 mm. A longitudinal borehole, which is embodied as a sliding guide, for guiding the bolt tip of the control bolt, which is located there so as to be displaceable, is arranged in said guide sleeve, wherein the base body and the guide sleeve can be connected to one another by means of a screw connection. The production costs of the deburring tool are lowered by using the arrangement of a replaceable guide sleeve having a varying diameter. It should thus also be possible to attain a diameter of the guide sleeve of 2 mm, for example, wherein the length of the guide sleeve is approximately 23 mm. However, such a miniaturized embodiment of the guide sleeve can only be realized in a functionally reliable manner by means of a great effort. In addition, the spring-loaded knife, which is arranged in a displaceable manner, creates tracks at the wall of the borehole in response to the deburring. A deburring tool illustrated in DE 37 27 103 C2 as well as a corresponding tool holder are to be capable of being used for deburring or also for chamfering obliquely extending transversal boreholes in turning workpieces, such as, for example, in valve slides, valve bushings, nozzles and the like. It is characterizing that the tool body comprising the deburring tool is activated by a machine tool spindle, which can only carry out a feed motion along the transversal borehole axis. A fixed axis arranged coaxially to the spindle axis supports a cam comprising a substantially elliptical cross section at the end at the tool side. For clamping the tool body, the spindle furthermore comprises a tool holder, which consists of a clamping area for clamping on the spindle and a tool fastening area, which holds the tool. The tool fastening area can be moved relative to the clamping area in the direction from the cutting edge to the longitudinal axis of the tool obliquely to the latter opposite to the effect of a spring device. In addition, a scanner, which is embodied in a rail-shaped manner, is fixedly arranged at the tool fastening area. Said scanner rests against the periphery of the cam under the effect of the spring device, whereby the springs (leaf springs) are prestressed, on the one hand, and the tool can easily be introduced into a transversal borehole of a workpiece, on the other hand. The deburring tool itself has a cam surface, which extends in a helical line to the clamping area and which ends at a plane surface of the tool. Where the upper end of the cam surface penetrates the plane surface, the deburring tool forms the cutting edge. This cam surface is to ensure that every cut in a plane, which includes the longitudinal axis of the tool and a tool diameter, leads to the same curvature, which corresponds to the cutting edge. So as to generate a clearance angle behind the cutting edge, the cam surface extends in a helical line and, from the cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool for each point of the cutting edge, a part of a spiral, the radial distance of which from the longitudinal axis of the tool—starting at the cutting edge—decreases opposite to the direction of rotation of the tool. In the area of the introduction chamfer, that is, of the introduction cone, as well as in the area of the circular cylinder surface, the tool body has a clearance angle of zero degrees. In response to the introduction of the deburring tool into the workpiece borehole, the tool is thus to rub only on the borehole wall, in spite of the rotations. The proposed deburring tool can also be used to deburr obliquely extending transversal boreholes. However, a corresponding cutting edge geometry must be computed for this intended use, which then leads to a usable bezel. The disadvantages of the deburring tool known from DE 37 27 103 C2 comprising the corresponding tool holder are that the cutting edge of the tool is embodied in parts of an ellipsis and that constant engagement angles are thus also not given. The radial distance of the cutting edge is controlled by the axis of rotation of the tool by means of components in the form a cam comprising an elliptical cross section, a spring device and a scanner, the production of said components being extensive, and a deburring of the passage/abutting edges at the transversal boreholes, which are created by two circle cylindrical surfaces penetrating one another, is made possible only by means of an embodiment of the tool body, which is extensive in view of the construction thereof, and of its cutting edge. Furthermore, the clearance angle behind the cutting edge has the disadvantage that the secondary burr forming in response to the deburring of the transversal boreholes, cannot be removed by the deburring tool. This deburring tool can only be used to deburr abutting edges on transversal boreholes having a large diameter. Due to the constructional embodiment, a miniaturization of the deburring tool cannot be realized or can only be realized with enormous effort.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is thus the object of the invention to create a deburring tool for deburring abutting edges at orthogonally and obliquely extending transversal boreholes having a diameter of less than 10 mm in a component, such as an engine block, an injection system for combustion engines, a valve block as well as a camshaft and a transmission shaft, which can be manufactured in a more cost-efficient manner by means of a simpler, functionally reliable constructional embodiment, which deburrs the burr at the abutting edges of components made of high-quality materials and independent on the material characteristic values in the non-deburrable ellipsis area by means of a changed cutting blade geometry according to quality standards and which also removes the burr without impulse stresses to the cutting blade, in that the actively cutting partial area of the cutting blade on the cutting body always encompasses a constant pressure angle on the base burr profile during the deburring. To solve the object, the afore-mentioned deburring tool is further developed by means of the features of the independent claim1. The features of the subclaims also specify advantageous developments and improvements of the deburring tool as claimed in the invention. Advantageously, this deburring tool, which is configured as a single part, can be produced with a small effort in a functionally reliable manner by means of the cutting blade journal, which can be introduced and which acts as support body, and by means of fewer parts. Furthermore, the changed cutting blade geometry in different embodiments has the advantages that the burr at orthogonally and obliquely extending transversal boreholes in components is completely removed within the briefest amount of time by means of a high-speed deburring. To deburr the abutting edges at the transversal boreholes, the deburring tool can be introduced into the main borehole as well as into the transversal borehole. The technological conditions for the use of this deburring tool are thus given in intermittent assembly lines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of the deburring tool according to the invention with a cutting blade in the side view in the sectional view. It is illustrated that the tool shaft1consists of a clamping end2comprising a material connection4and a shaft end, which is continued as a tubular shaft part5. On its frontal end, the shaft part5has a pre-deburrer13and holds a cutting body11with a cutting blade3, which is mounted in the passage10in a movable manner. As support body for the cutting body11, a cutting blade journal6comprising a closing part12is pushed into the shaft part5until a dynamic pressure reduction measure a is set. This can be up to 1 mm, whereby the pressure ratios within and outside of the deburring tool are held constant. To secure the position, the cutting blade journal6is then fastened by means of a pin9. The cutting body11loosely bears on the surface of the cutting blade journal6with a play8. A through-borehole7and the material connection4guarantee the functional capability of the deburring tool, in which a substance, which is pressed under pressure into the through-bore7, displaces the cutting body11comprising the cutting blade3to the exterior. The assembly of the deburring tool can be carried out in a simple manner. The cutting body11comprising the cutting blade3is placed into the passage10of the shaft part5from the front end. The cutting blade baring6comprising the closing part12can then be introduced into the shaft part5until the dynamic pressure reduction measure a has been reached and the cutting blade journal6is subsequently fastened by means of a pin9so as to maintain a stable position.

To deburr the abutting edge of the transversal borehole located in the hollow nozzle body of a suction nozzle for combustion engines, the deburring tool, for example, is introduced in clockwise rotation in a non-pressurized manner into the main borehole of the hollow nozzle body up to the transversal borehole. Damages to the wall of the borehole of the main borehole are thus avoided. The diameter of the main borehole of the hollow nozzle body is 3.6 mm and the transversal borehole located in the hollow nozzle body has a diameter of 1 mm. The boreholes are arranged at an edge angle of 90 degrees, thus orthogonally to one another. The suction nozzle has a hardness HRC >50. To generate an even burr body at the abutting edges of the transversal borehole, the pre-deburrer13initially removes the larger burr. This has the advantage that a deformation and bending, respectively, of the burr is avoided. A liquid substance, for example a bore emulsion is pressed under a pressure p of 0.6 MPa into the through-borehole7, whereby the cutting body11comprising the cutting blade3moves to the exterior up to the wall of the borehole. The cutting blade3has a low pressure and the usable power for deburring is minimal. However, when the cutting blade3is introduced into the transversal borehole, said transversal borehole is extended by up to 0.7 mm. The pressure and the usable power for deburring are high. The cutting blade3acts on the base profile of the burr, which has the shape of an ellipsis and removes the burr of the partial area of the transversal borehole located opposite thereto. Finally, the deburring tool is removed in a counter-clockwise rotation and the other partial area of the transversal borehole is deburred.

For suction and injection nozzles having a main borehole diameter of greater than 5 mm and a transversal borehole diameter of less than 5 mm, an advantageous embodiment of the deburring tool is given when the ratio of effective tool length LWto effective tool diameter DW>2.

FIG. 2shows the deburring tool according to the invention for deburring the abutting edge at intersecting boreholes HB;QB having a crossing angle α of 60 degrees in a valve block in the side view in the sectional view. The edge angle α2is also 60 degrees and the edge angle α1has 120 degrees. The edge angles α1and α2are not constant at the entire periphery of the abutting edge24. The deburring tool consists of a tool shaft1, which has a clamping end2comprising a material connection4and a shaft end, which is a shaft end, which is continued as a tubular shaft part5. The cutting blade journal6comprising a closing part12, which can be introduced into the shaft piece5, supports the cutting body11by means of an internal play8. The position of the cutting blade journal6comprising the closing part12is secured with the shaft part5by means of a pin9. A through-borehole7comprising the material connection4ensures that a liquid substance, such as a cutting oil, for example, which is pressed under pressure into the through-borehole7, moves the cutting body11, which is mounted in a movable manner in the passage10to the exterior by means of the backwards operating cutting blade3.

For deburring, the deburring tool with its cutting blade3is moved in a translatory manner through the main borehole HB in a non-pressurized manner up to the abutting edge24behind the burr22. A pressure is then applied for eight seconds under a pressure p of 0.015 MPa for generating a cutting blade power and is simultaneously moved back at a speed of 6 m/min either only in a translatory manner or by means of a clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation, whereby the burr22is broken off or separated at the abutting edge24. For deburring the abutting edges at obliquely extending transversal boreholes in components of the automotive industry made of a high-strength substance, such as 42CrMo4, for example, the burr22is deformed when the deburring tool is moved backwards. A repeated introduction of the deburring tool or of a second deburring tool into the main borehole HB then eliminates said burr within the briefest amount of time according to quality standards. As a function of the technology of the component processing it is also possible to eliminate the burr from the abutting edge in an analogous manner by means of introducing the tool into the transversal borehole QB.

FIG. 3shows a deburring tool for deburring the abutting edges at a double transversal borehole QB1; QB2in the side view in the sectional view. As is known, it can be seen that the shaft end at the tool side comprises a support body6, which is arranged as a fixed journal and is connected to the tool shaft1with a tubular shaft part5by means of a pin9. A cutting body11comprising a cutting blade27, which operates forwards and backwards and which is supported in the passage10in a movable manner, is arranged in the shaft part5. The necessary cutting blade force is ensured by means of the material connection4and by means of the through-borehole7, which is arranged centrically in the longitudinal axis25in that a liquid or gaseous substance or a substance consisting of a gas-liquid mixture is pressed under pressure into the through-borehole7and moves the cutting blade27to the exterior. It is also possible that at least two passages10comprising cutting bodies11, which are supported in a movable manner, are arranged in the shaft part5. Said at least two passages10have in each case a cutting blade3, which operates backwards and a cutting blade27, which operates forwards and backwards or which encompass at least two cutting blades3, which operate backwards or at least two cutting blades27, which operate forwards and backwards. The burr22;22aat the abutting edges of the double transversal borehole QB1and QB2, such as in a crankshaft for example, is deburred in that the deburring tool with its cutting blade27is moved in a fast motion vE in a translatory manner through the main borehole HB in a non-pressurized manner behind the abutting edge24, a pressure p of 0.02 MPa is then applied to the deburring tool for 4 seconds and is simultaneously moved further at a speed vE—with or without a rotary motion—, whereby the burr22ais deformed at the transversal borehole QB1. The non-pressurized deburring tool for deburring the abutting edge is then rotated by 180 degrees at the transversal borehole QB2so as to be position-oriented and the method steps are carried out according to QB1. This means that the cutting blade27now stands directly at the burr22, that a pressure of 0.02 MPa is then again applied to the deburring tool, that it is simultaneously moved back to the burr22with or without a rotary motion, whereby the burr22is deformed at the transversal borehole QB2as well. To remove the burr22;22a, it is necessary to introduce and remove the deburring tool or another tool into the main borehole HB again.

FIGS. 4A-4Dshow a cutting blade, which operates backwards, in the side (FIG. 4A) and top view (FIG. 4B) as well as in the sectional view B-B (FIG. 4C) and the base profile of the radial lateral cutting blade limitation14in the direction X (FIG. 4D). It is illustrated that the contour of the cutting blade3at the end of the cutting body11at the tool side is a chamfer, which is formed by an introduction angle ζ and that the contour at the end of the cutting body11at the tool side is a chamfer, which is formed by a chip space angle γ comprising an effective cutting blade edge15, which has a chip space18and a step chip breaker20, which is determined by means of a chip guiding angle ε, and that an undercut angle {acute over (æ)} determines the shape of the cutting edge19. The cutting blade3thus operates backwards. It is furthermore characterizing for the cutting blade3, which operates backwards, that the introduction angle ζ is from 5 degrees to 15 degrees, the chip space angle γ is from +20 degrees to −20 degrees, the chip guiding angle ε is greater than 0 degrees and the undercut angle {acute over (æ)} is from 5 degrees to 30 degrees. The cutting blade upper side profile16should preferably be circular and the cutting blade lower side profile17should preferably be a line. The cutting blade side profile is a chamfer21, which is defined by the side clearance angle φ. The side clearance angle φ is from +10 degrees to −10 degrees.

FIGS. 5A-5Dshow a cutting blade, which operates backwards and forwards, in the side (FIG. 5A) and top view (FIG. 5B) as well as in the sectional view (FIG. 5C) and the base profile of the radial lateral cutting blade limitation14in the sectional view C-C (FIG. 5D). It is illustrated that the cutting blade3according toFIGS. 4A-4D, which operated backwards and which is arranged at the end of the cutting body11at the tool side, is once again arranged at the end of the cutting body11at the tool side. This cutting blade can thus be used as a cutting blade27, which operates forwards and backwards. A groove23, which is arranged at the base profile of the radial lateral cutting blade limitation14, makes it possible to deburr the remaining part of the ellipsis in a deburring manner after the deformation of the burr. This has the advantage that a repeated introduction of the deburring tool into the main borehole or into the transversal borehole is not necessary.

FIG. 6shows a further embodiment of the cutting blade in the side view. It can be seen that the contour of the cutting blade3at the cutting body11is a cyclical cam surface F2comprising a line s, which concludes to the cutting body11, a planar surface F3, which extends parallel at a distance c to the cutting body11, and a further cyclical cam surface F1comprising a sector r, which concludes to the cutting body11. Tests have shown that an embodiment of the cyclical cam surfaces F2; F1as logarithmic spirals can be realized in a cost-efficient manner in practice. The production effort can be further lowered when the cyclical cam surfaces F2; F1are embodied so as to be identical. The length of the planar surface F3is determined by the cutting blade height c as well as by the distances m; n. The construction points P1; P2are determined by the center M of the cutting blade3. The smaller the diameter of the transversal boreholes of the abutting edges, which are to be deburred, the smaller the length of the planar surface F3, which can, however, also approach zero.

FIG. 7shows a frontal cutting blade embodiment ofFIG. 6. It is illustrated that the limitations26, which are laterally arranged at the cutting blade F2at the cutting body11, are embodied as a mirrored cyclical cam surface F2. This cutting blade embodiment thus enables the deburring of abutting edges at obliquely extending transversal boreholes. The changed constructive embodiment of the shoulders in the form of lateral limitations also ensures an improved accommodation of stresses. Impulsive stresses of the cutting blade are thus impossible or can be reduced considerably.

FIG. 8shows the cutting blade embodiment in the sectional view B-B ofFIG. 6. This cutting blade embodiment does not have any lateral limitations. The clearance angle is zero degrees. The cutting body11has a width b of ≦1 mm, preferably of ≦0.5 mm and the cutting blade3has a width b1of ≦0.5 mm, preferably of ≦0.3 mm. The cutting blade3without lateral limitations makes it possible to deburr abutting edges at transversal boreholes comprising a diameter of less than 1.5 mm.

FIG. 9shows another embodiment of the cyclical cam surface F2. It can be seen that the cyclical cam surface F2of the cutting blade3at the cutting body11consists of two cyclical cam surfaces F4;F5and that each cyclical cam surface has a different tangential angle. Abutting edges at transversal boreholes comprising a diameter of less than 1 mm can thus be deburred.