Pantograph lifting ramps particularly for motor vehicles

A pantograph lifting ramp for motor vehicles includes a pair of wheel guides supported by at least two pairs of columns, which are pivoted at their lower ends to two base frames. The columns of at least one pair have their lower ends connected through a torsion bar consisting of connectable sections. The lifting ramp includes a safety valve to prevent uncontrolled descent in case of failure of the hydraulic fluid system, and another safety device to arrest lowering of the lifting ramp if a worker's foot is accidentally placed between the base frame and a column or wheel guide during lowering of the ramp.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a vehicle lift or ramp of the pantograph 
or parallelogram type. 
Lifts of this type are known in which a pair of base frames resting on the 
floor are connected with parallel elevatable wheel guides through pairs of 
columns having their ends pivotally connected with the base frames and 
wheel guides, together with hydraulic jacks to raise and lower the 
structure. 
Generally, the base frames and wheel guides are C-shaped in cross section, 
with the aim of nesting these parts to reduce height when the structure is 
lowered, and at the same time providing a housing space for the lifting 
jacks and associated parts when the structure is lowered. 
Also generally the two wheel guides are connected by sturdy cross bars to 
prevent unequal lifting, resulting in the formation of a horizontal 
lifting platform at the tops of the pairs of columns. 
A major objective of this invention is to eliminate the necessity for cross 
bars or other braces beween the vehicle wheel guides, so that the space 
between the wheel guides is entirely open and unobstracted, thereby 
greatly facilitating service operations on the elevated vehicle without 
impeding the worker's movements. 
Another object of the invention is to provide a vehicle lift of the 
mentioned type which can be easily knocked down for storage and 
transportation. 
Yet another object is to provide a vehicle lift having safety means to stop 
the descent of the device in the event of failure of the hydraulic system 
supplying the lifting jacks, and in case a foot of a worker is placed 
between relatively moving parts of the descending structure. 
Another object of the invention is to provide means for controlling the 
trim of vehicle wheels in a correct way, namely, with the four wheels of 
the vehicle placed in a truly horizontal plane. 
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent during 
the course of the following detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
Referring to the drawings in detail wherein like numerals designate like 
parts, a vehicle lifting ramp comprises a pair of spaced parallel base 
frames 1 adapted to rest on a floor, a pair of spaced parallel vehicle 
wheel guides 3, and two pairs of columns 2 and 2' having their ends 
pivotally attached to the base frames and wheel guides in a parallelogram 
configuration. 
The rear columns 2 of the device are connected at their lower ends by a 
sturdy torsion bar 4 covered for security reasons between the base frames 
1 by a detachable cover 5. The torsion bar 4 is sectionally formed, 
including a center portion 6 having coupling flanges 7 and two end 
portions 9 having coupling flanges 8. The two portions 9 of the torsion 
bar 4 are rigidly secured to the columns 2 as by welding. 
To assure easy dismantling of the structure at required times, the cover 5 
is detachably secured by bolts to the inner faces of base frames 1, and 
while in place assures proper spacing and parallelism of the base frames. 
Along both longitudinal edges of each base frame 1 and substantially 
coextensive therewith are rigid strips 10, pivotally attached to short 
links 11, connected to the base frames 1 through transverse shafts 12 
which are rotatable. The strips 10 are biased upwardly by spring pusher 
devices 55 connected between the strips and base frames 1. A small plate 
13, FIG. 6, is radially fixed to the center portion of each shaft 12 and 
this plate is housed in a fan-shaped recess 14, formed in an eccentric 
element 15 which can pivot about the shaft 12 but is restrained from 
moving axially along the shaft. 
The small plate 13 is resiliently biased against the upper edge of the 
fan-shaped opening 14 by the action of a spring 16, connected between the 
eccentric element 15 and the base frame 1. 
A microswitch 17 is disposed between the other end of eccentric element 15 
and the base frame 1, and this switch serves, in conjunction with an 
electrically operated valve, not shown, in the hydraulic circuit of the 
device, to stop the outflow of oil from the lifting jacks in the event 
that a worker's foot enters between the base frames 1 and the columns 2 
and 2' or the wheel guides 3. Each of the wheel guides 3 is provided at 
its forward end with an obstacle 18 to block the wheels of the vehicle, 
and at its rear end with an inclined ramp 19 to facilitate entry of the 
vehicle onto the lift when it is fully lowered so that the columns 2 and 
2' are nested inside of the channel-shaped base frames 1. 
Each wheel guide 3 in its rear portion has a cut-out 20 containing fixed 
depressed plates 21 on which are mounted spaced spherical supports 22. A 
pair of plates 23 rest freely on the spherical supports substantially 
flush with the top face of wheel guide 3. The plates 23 can shift freely 
in all directions within the areas defined by the cut-outs 20. Preferably 
their ends are arcuate as shown at 23' in FIG. 2 to allow limited rotation 
of the plates 23 as well as lateral and longitudinal movements on the 
spherical supports 22. 
The lengths of the cut-outs 20 and their distance from the front ends of 
the wheel guides 3 is such that when any vehicle has its front wheels 
resting on the conventional discs 50, the rear wheels of the vehicle will 
be on one of the plates 23 of each guide 3, thus making it possible for 
the ramp to accommodate motor vehicles of any wheel pitch. 
A pair of V-shaped elements 24 is fixed to the bottom of each plate 23 is 
which a pin 25 connected to an underlying bar 26 can be engaged, the bar 
being shiftable by a lever 27, pivoted to a pin 28, FIG. 2, fixed to the 
wheel guide 3. A pusher element 29 is carried by the lever 27 between the 
knob of the lever and the pivot pin 28, the usher element 29 acting on the 
transverse edge of the adjacent movable plate 23. 
Between each front column 2' and one of the wheel guides 3 is a single 
acting hydraulic jack 30 operable to raise the lifting ramp to a working 
position. The cylinder body of the jack 30, FIG. 4, is pivotally connected 
at 30' to a plate 31 welded to each column 2'. the jack rod 32 is 
similarly pivoted at 32' to a plate 33 welded to the wheel guide 3. The 
chamber of each jack cylinder is in communication with a hydraulic circuit 
34 through a safety valve 35, which prevents the outflow of fluid from the 
jack cylinder should hydraulic pressure between the inlet and outlet of 
the cylinder drop below a prefixed value. 
As shown in FIG. 7, the safety valve 35 comprises a hollow body 36 in which 
piston 37 and opposing spring 38 are housed. The piston 37 includes an 
axially projecting portion 42 and a pair of divergent ducts 51 which 
connect the piston surface on which the projecting portion 42 is applied 
to an axial duct 52, communicating with the hydraulic circuit 34. 
Applied to the hollow body 36 is a nut 39 which is hollow, having a conical 
seat 53 receiving a ball 40. The sphere 40 is floatingly held in the 
hollow nut 39 and held captive by another nut 41 threaded into the nut 39 
and being provided with two passages 54 in communication with the seat 53 
and with the jack 30. 
The resiliency of the spring 38 is such as to allow regular outflow of the 
operative fluid from the jack 30 through the safety valve 35 during the 
descent of the lifting ramp. 
To the plates 33 of each wheel guide 3 elements 43 are pivoted at 47. These 
elements include body portions 44 and toothed extensions 45. The teeth of 
extensions 45 can engage the rear end of each jack 30 thus forming a pawl 
or positive stop. 
In the absence of external pressure, the weight of body portion 44 
maintains the toothed extension 45 engaged with the jack end 46. This 
position can be altered by rotation of the element 43 on its pivot 47 by 
means of a small cylinder or jack 48 fixed to the wheel guide 3, and 
having a spring, not shown, for elastic return when the cylinder 48 is in 
the rest position. 
OPERATION 
When the lifting ramp is lowered, the jacks 30 are fully retracted and are 
housed between base frames 1 and vehicle wheel guides 3 whose side flanges 
may register and engage each other. The inclined ramps 19 allow vehicle 
wheels to roll from the floor onto the tops of guides 3 at this time. The 
toothed extensions 45 lie beneath the jacks 30. 
In order to elevate the lifting ramp and control the wheel trim of the 
vehicle, the following procedure is carried out: 
Preliminarily, the lever 27 is moved in the direction to axially move the 
bar 26 so as to cause engagement of the pins 25 in the V-shaped elements 
24, and simultaneously placing the pusher element 29 against the edge of 
plate 23, FIG. 2. After having locked the levers 27 in this position, the 
plates 23 of each wheel guide 3 are also firmly locked with respect to the 
same guide. 
At this point, the vehicle is driven onto the guides 3 and forwardly until 
its front wheels are on the discs 50. 
To lift the ramp, fluid is introduced via the safety valve 35 into the jack 
cylinders 30. Extension of the piston rods 32 occurs, gradually increasing 
the angle .alpha., FIG. 4, between the front columns 22 and wheel guides 
3. This results in elevating the vehicle while keeping it level. During 
this lifting, the toothed extension 45 of the element 43 slides along the 
rear edge 46 of the jack 30 with a ratcheting action, providing positive 
mechanical security against the lifting ramp's descent should the 
hydraulic system fail. 
When the unit is elevated to the desired height, the lever 27 is released 
and swung in the opposite direction on the pivot 28, thereby freeing the 
plates 23 and allowing them to adjust themselves freely on the sphere 
supports 22 to equalize stresses through the rear wheels of the vehicle. 
Servicing of the elevated vehicle can be performed with complete safety and 
convenience. There are no cross bars or braces between the guides 33 to 
interfere with movement of the workers while servicing the vehicle. The 
torsion bar 4 uniformly distributes the weight of the vehicle on the two 
wheel guides 3 even in the case of unequal vehicle loading. 
To lower the lifting ramp, the two cylinders 48 are pressurized to act on 
the elements 43 and turn them on their pivots 47 to disengage the toothed 
extension 45 from the jacks 30, thus allowing fluid to be expelled from 
the jack cylinders due to the weight of the ramp and vehicle. 
The elastic reaction of the valve spring 38 on the piston 37 forces the 
projection 42 against the sphere 40 to unseat it, allowing fluid outflow 
from the jack cylinder through the nut 39, the ducts 54 of nut 41, the 
space between the sphere 40 and seat 53, ducts 51, and duct 52 and the 
external hydraulic circuit 34. 
If, during this lowering of the ramp, or for any other reason, a failure 
downstream from the valve 35 occurs, and fluid flow increaes suddently 
with a consequent drop in pressure, the lifting ramp cannot fall. The 
ducts 51 are inadequate for the passage of the whole operative fluid flow 
which presses against the head of piston 37, overcoming the force of 
spring 38 and moves the projecting portion 42 away from the sphere 40. 
Consequently, the sphere being acted upon by the fluid, engages the 
conical seat 53 and completely shuts off the flow of fluid from the jack 
cylinder. 
If, during the lowering of the lifting ramp, the worker unintentionally 
places a foot on one of the base frames 1, this will depress the strip 10 
and cause rotation of the shaft 12. This, in turn, rotates the small plate 
13 in the recess 14 of the eccentric 15 and allows the spring 16 to rotate 
the eccentric in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6 for operating the 
microswitch 17, instantly blocking the lowering of the ramp, thus 
preventing crushing of the worker's foot. 
As soon as the foot is removed from the strip 10, the spring pushers 55 
return the strip 10 to the normal elevated position. This causes rotation 
of the shaft 12 in the opposite direction whereby the small plate 13 
engages the upper edge of recess 14, rotating the eccentric 15 against the 
force of compression spring 16, until the microswitch 17 is de-activated. 
It may be seen that the lifting ramp according to this invention possesses 
the following advantages over the prior art: 
(1) complete elimination of cross bars between the two wheel guides 3, 
enabling complete accessability to all parts of the vehicle; 
(2) a high degree of safety while lowering the ramp due to the safety valve 
35, after the safety elements 43 are in the inactive positions; 
(3) provides for control of the trim of the four vehicle wheels keeping the 
resting place of the vehicle level and avoiding movement thereof during 
servicing; 
(4) the ability to be used with motor vehicles of differing wheel pitch; 
and 
(5) the ability to be nearly completely disassembled which reduces space 
during shipment from the manufacturer or while storing the ramp in its 
knocked-down state.