Device capable of being submerged and including an acoustic transducer

A case (2) in which an acoustic transducer (22) is mounted so as to communicate in a watertight manner with the exterior of the case (2) via acoustic energy. The transducer (22) is attached to a membrane (17) separating it in a watertight manner from an inlet cavity (10, 11) which is arranged in the case (2) and is in direct communication with the exterior. The membrane (17) is resiliently applied by its periphery onto a rest surface (12) arranged around the cavity separating the latter in a watertight manner from a deformation chamber (13) situated on the side of the membrane (17) opposite to the inlet cavity while being in communication with the interior of the case. The bottom (13a) of the deformation chamber (13) forms a support surface for said membrane (17) when external static pressure greater than a predetermined value is applied thereto.

The present invention relates to a device capable of being submerged in a 
liquid such as water, like for example a device worn on the wrist such as 
a watch. More particularly, the invention concerns a device of this type 
in which an acoustic transducer is mounted in the case. 
In order to guarantee the water resistance of watches worn on the wrist to 
a depth of immersion which may nominally reach thirty odd meters, mounting 
an acoustic transducer in the watch case without any communication path 
being provided between the transducer and the exterior which is capable of 
directly leading the sound waves is already known from the prior art. Such 
an assembly has the advantage of guaranteeing very good water resistance 
for the watch. However, since the acoustic energy has to reach the 
transducer or be transmitted therefrom through the solid wall of the case, 
this solution is only possible if one is satisfied with mediocre acoustic 
quality. The band of frequencies which can be used is thus limited to the 
frequencies which succeed in passing through said wall. In practice, one 
has to work with the transducer resonance frequencies, these frequencies 
only being able to be transmitted effectively through a wall of the case 
if they correspond to a resonance frequency of such wall. This necessarily 
limits the range of frequencies able to be transmitted and is thus not 
suited to reproduction and/or reception of complex sounds such as speech 
or music. It will also be noted that such a wall inconveniently absorbs 
the transmission of sounds transmitted or received by the transducer. 
An aim of the invention is to provide a device of the type indicated 
hereinbefore fitted with an acoustic transducer mounted so as to be able 
to operate over a broad acoustic spectrum, in particular the acoustic 
spectrum corresponding to speech, while assuring a high degree of water 
resistance. 
The invention thus concerns a portable water resistant device capable of 
undergoing submersion to a predetermined depth in a liquid such as water, 
in particular a water resistant watch, including a case in which is 
mounted an acoustic transducer so as to communicate, in a watertight 
manner, with the exterior of the case via acoustic energy, characterised 
in that 
said acoustic transducer is attached to a membrane which is able to be 
deformed, separating it in a watertight manner from an inlet cavity which 
is arranged in said case and in direct communication with the exterior, in 
that said membrane is resiliently applied by its periphery onto a rest 
surface arranged around said cavity separating the latter in a watertight 
manner from a deformation chamber arranged in said case on the side of the 
membrane opposite said cavity while being in communication with the 
interior of said case, and in that the bottom of said deformation chamber 
forms a support surface for said membrane when an external static pressure 
greater than a predetermined value is applied thereto. 
As a result of these features, the acoustic transducer can receive or 
transmit acoustic energy via the membrane which, being suspended in the 
case only by its peripheral edge, can vibrate freely without impeding 
transmission or reception of this acoustic energy to or from the 
transducer. 
The membrane can be held applied against the case rest surface via a 
resilient element bearing on the bottom of the deformation chamber and 
acting on the edge of the membrane. 
However, according to an alternative embodiment, the membrane can be held 
applied against its rest surface by means of its own resilience by being 
mounted taut in the case.

In the following description, the invention will be illustrated in its 
application to a timepiece such as a wristwatch. It is clear however that 
the invention can be applied to any other device, which is in general 
portable and of small dimensions and has to include at least one acoustic 
transducer, the device being further capable of being submerged in a 
liquid such as water to a predetermined depth. Moreover, in the example 
described, the acoustic transducer is a loud-speaker, however a 
microphonic transducer may also be advantageously used with the invention. 
This being so, FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a wristwatch 1 whose water 
resistance is guaranteed to a predetermined depth of water, a depth of 30 
meters being a value often given in practice. 
Watch 1 in FIG. 1 includes a case 2, a crystal 3, hands 4 and 5, a dial 6 
and certain parts of a time-setting mechanism 7. All these elements, as 
well as those sketched or not visible in FIG. 1, such as the integrated 
circuit, the quartz, the miniature motor, the gear train etc. are 
conventional and thus do not need to be described here. Although this is 
not a limitative application of the invention, the device according to the 
invention fitted with the microphonic transducer or loud-speaker could 
advantageously be a watch forming a portable telephone. 
In the case shown, the case 2, includes a back cover 8 lined with a support 
disc 9 superposed onto back cover 8 in case 2 and attached thereto by any 
suitable means, for example by adhesion or snap fitting. 
Back cover 8 includes an inlet cavity or chamber 10, of generally circular 
shape and placed in communication with the exterior by means of a channel 
11 which opens laterally thereinto. Around cavity 10, back cover 8 has a 
circular rest surface 12 which, in the present example, inclines slightly 
with respect to the axis of cavity 10. 
Opposite cavity 10 of back cover 8, support disc 9 has a recess 13 of 
generally circular shape which is approximately coaxial to cavity 10 while 
having a slightly greater diameter. This recess 13 constitutes a 
deformation chamber. It is edged by a peripheral rib 14 having a rounded 
edge contiguous with an annular groove 15 situated on the interior with 
respect to rib 14. 
In the volume formed by cavity 10 of back cover 8 and recess 13 of support 
disc 9 is arranged an acoustic transducer unit 16. This assembly includes 
a membrane 17 formed of a circular disc to which is fixedly attached a 
peripheral shoulder 18 whose external surface is bonded to a peripheral 
lateral wall 19 arranged around rest surface 12 respectively on back cover 
8 and support disc 9. Thus, membrane 17 assures the sealing of the 
interior of watch 1 as regards the exterior. 
In the zone situated within the inner edge of rest surface 12, membrane 17 
is free to deform. It is held against this rest surface by a resilient 
element 20 in order to allow the active part of transducer 16 to vibrate 
in the lowest frequency mode. This latter is formed for example of a ring 
housed in groove 15 of support disc 9 and provided with Z-shaped resilient 
lugs 21 (FIG. 3), for example ten in number for a diameter of membrane 17 
of approximately 25 mm, which are cut out and bent outside the plane 
thereof in the direction of membrane 17. Resilient lugs 21 are compressed 
and thus apply the membrane against rest surface 12 while strictly 
delimiting the zone of the membrane able to vibrate freely. By way of 
indication, resilient ring 20 develops a total force of the order of 250 
to 600 g. It is clear that this force depends upon the diameter of the 
membrane and its weight and thickness and the acoustic frequencies which 
one wishes to transmit or receive. 
Transducer assembly 16 also includes a transducer element 22 (forming the 
active part of the transducer) which, in the case shown, is a 
piezo-electric type loud-speaker. It may also be a receiver (microphone 
function). In the case shown here, it includes a metal strip inserted 
between two piezo-electric discs (not visible in FIG. 1), the assembly 
being conveniently connected to a control circuit (not detailed) housed in 
case 2. Transducer element 22 is bonded onto membrane 17 on the side of 
recess 13 in the free vibration zone around the latter. It is available 
commercially from the Murata company, Japan. According to an alternative, 
transducer element 22 may also be attached to the membrane during moulding 
thereof, either by being partially incorporated therein, or by being 
duplicate moulded with the membrane material. 
It is to be noted that lugs 21 preferably exert their pressure on the end 
edge of transducer element 22 in order for it to be able to transmit as 
low a frequency as possible for a given diameter. Lugs 21 abut against the 
edge of the metal strip of transducer element 22 via which they apply 
membrane 17 onto surface 12. 
In order to avoid distortion, care must be taken that the application 
forces exerted by resilient lugs 21 are sufficient to hold transducer 
element 22 against the rest surface, i.e. that it is permanently held 
during operation. However, these forces should not block its orientation 
(i.e. as tough it were embedded) which would typically lead to doubling of 
the fundamental frequency of the transducer element. 
Recess 13 forms an inner chamber which is in communication with the 
interior of case 2 through passage orifices 23 arranged in the base 13a of 
recess 13. Membrane 17 can thus be deformed in this inner chamber or 
recess 13 until it applies against base 13a thereof. This latter thus 
constitutes a stop surface for membrane 17 if the differential pressure on 
either side of the membrane exceeds a predetermined value. 
Membrane 17 is preferably made of silicon and can have a thickness of 
approximately 300 .mu.m, its diameter being 25 mm, for example. 
In a zone separate from the assembly which has just been described, back 
cover 8 and support disc 9 include a through passage 24 having a shoulder 
25 against which is arranged a pressure balancing membrane 26. This latter 
is water resistant but permeable to air on condition that the pressure 
difference variation on either side of this membrane varies very slowly. 
It can be made for example of sintered Teflon.RTM.. This membrane can be 
assimilated to a low-pass filter allowing air whose pressure varies at a 
very low frequency (1/10 Hz, for example) to pass. This structure allows 
adaptation to variations of the static pressure resulting for example from 
variations in altitude and/or climatic conditions, when the watch is worn. 
It will be noted however that membrane 17 itself can be made in such a way 
that it fulfils the pressure balancing function instead of membrane 26. In 
this case, membrane 17 must be made of a flexible material which is 
semi-permeable to gases whose static pressure varies at a very low 
frequency. 
The behaviour of membrane 17 is as follows. 
When the watch is worn outside water, membrane 17 has a flat configuration 
in which it is free to vibrate and thus to transmit to the exterior 
without interference the acoustic vibrations generated by element 22. 
Conversely, when the watch has just been submerged, membrane 17 will be 
deformed because of an abrupt variation in the differential pressure 
present on both of its sides. It will then assume a curved shape in the 
direction of bottom 13a, the pressure compensation path through passage 26 
not managing to balance the difference in pressures rapidly enough. From a 
certain hydrostatic value, the deformation of membrane 17 will be such 
that it is applied against bottom 13a of recess 13, which will thus assure 
an efficient support preventing any deterioration of membrane 17 and 
transducer element 22. 
FIG. 2 shows very schematically an alternative of the invention wherein a 
device 1A includes a case 2A fitted with a circular inlet chamber 27. This 
latter can be arranged in the same way as that formed by cavity 10 of FIG. 
1. Around the edge of this chamber 27, turned inwards, is arranged a rib 
28 of annular shape which defines a rest surface 12A. Around this rib is 
provided a first groove 29 into whose external wall a second groove 30 
opens out. 
The device also includes a membrane 17A whose outer edge is accommodated in 
second groove 30 to be securely fixed therein for example by bonding. 
Membrane 17A has inherent resilience and is fixed into groove 30 so as to 
be slightly taut. Consequently, it is held taut on rest surface 12A formed 
on annular rib 28 which exceeds by a certain distance the base of first 
groove 29. An acoustic converter element 22A is fixed onto membrane 17A. 
Behind membrane 17A, on the inner side, there is further provided a support 
grid 31 forming the bottom of a deformation chamber 13A. This grid is 
provided with passage orifices 32 and allows membrane 17 to be held in the 
event of excessive pressure exerted thereon from the exterior. 
A passage 24A can be provided in the wall of case 2A and be sealed by a 
pressure balancing membrane 26A, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. 
The arrangement of FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that it does not 
include any special resilient means for assuring application of the 
membrane against an element of the case, the resilience necessary for this 
purpose being due to the inherent resilience of the membrane itself.