Apparatus for applying polyurethane layer to tire sidewall

A cured rubber tire has adhered thereto a layer of heated and mixed, productive urethane composition fluid sidewall material which has been flowed from a nozzle into a groove in the sidewall of a shaped tire. The tire is rotated under the nozzle a distance equal to the circumferential length of the groove so that the ends of the layer may be joined after which the flow of productive urethane composition sidewall material is terminated.

This invention relates to a tire having a layer of polyurethane and to 
apparatus for applying the layer in accordance with the method of the 
invention. Heretofore various methods and materials have been employed to 
provide tires with polyurethane decorative, protective, and identifying 
laminates thereon. It has been difficult, however, to provide materials 
and apparatus which are suitable for the production of polyurethane 
colored sidewall tires and at the same time meet the required standards 
for appearance, quality, and durability. 
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method 
of applying a sidewall stripe on a sidewall surface in a circumferentially 
extending continuous groove in a sidewall of a cured tire comprising: 
a) positioning the tire on a support with the groove exposed; 
b) shaping the tire; 
c) mounting a nozzle over the groove for relative circumferential movement 
of the tire and the nozzle during application of the stripe in the groove 
by the nozzle; 
d) adjusting the position of the nozzle relative to the sidewall; 
e) moving the nozzle and the tire closer together for moving the nozzle 
into close proximity with the groove and maintaining a predetermined 
position relative to said groove with nozzle position control means 
responsive to the position of at least one side of the groove to track the 
position of the nozzle relative to the groove; 
f) maintaining a predetermined distance between the nozzle and the sidewall 
surface with height control means responsive to the distance between the 
nozzle and the sidewall; 
g) mixing a diisocyanate prepolymer with a compounded polyol base to 
produce a productive urethane composition having a viscosity of from about 
5,000 to about 25,000 centipoise at a temperature of 120.degree. F. 
(49.degree. C.); 
h) communicating the productive urethane composition fluid sidewall 
material to the nozzle; 
i) continuously flowing the productive urethane composition fluid sidewall 
material into the groove with the nozzle over the circumferential length 
of the groove upon relative motion of the nozzle and the tire; 
j) terminating flow of the productive urethane composition fluid sidewall 
material into the groove after application of the productive urethane 
composition fluid sidewall material over the length of the groove and 
joining the ends to form an uncured sidewall stripe; 
k) separating the nozzle and the tire to remove the nozzle from the groove; 
and 
1) allowing the productive urethane composition in the uncured sidewall 
stripe to cure forming the sidewall stripe on the sidewall surface of the 
tire. 
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided 
apparatus for applying a sidewall stripe to a sidewall surface in a 
circumferentially continuous groove in a sidewall of a tire comprising: 
a) a support for holding the tire with the groove in a generally exposed 
position; 
b) means to control the shape of the tire; 
c) a nozzle mounted over the groove for flowing a productive urethane 
composition fluid sidewall material into the groove; 
d) means to provide adjustment of the relative position of the nozzle and 
the sidewall; 
e) means for moving the nozzle and the tire closer together for moving the 
nozzle into a predetermined position in close proximity with the groove 
and nozzle control means responsive to the position of at least one side 
of the groove to track the position of the nozzle relative to the groove; 
f) height control means connected to the nozzle and responsive to the 
distance between the nozzle and the sidewall surface for maintaining a 
predetermined distance between the nozzle and the sidewall; 
g) means for mixing a diisocyanate prepolymer with a compounded polyol base 
to produce a productive urethane composition having a viscosity of from 
about 5,000 to about 25,000 centipoise at a temperature of 120.degree. F. 
(49.degree. C.); 
h) means to communicate the productive urethane composition fluid sidewall 
material to the nozzle; 
i) means to continuously flow the productive urethane composition fluid 
sidewall material into the groove from the nozzle during relative movement 
of the nozzle and the tire over the circumferential length of the groove; 
j) means to terminate flow of the productive urethane composition fluid 
sidewall material to the groove and joining the ends to form an uncured 
sidewall stripe after application of the polyol composition fluid sidewall 
material over the length of the groove; and 
k) means to separate the nozzle and the tire to remove the nozzle from 
close proximity to the groove. 
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a 
tire which comprises a cured rubber toroidal-shaped carcass having spaced 
beads, rubber sidewalls and a rubber tread, at least one of the sidewalls 
having a circumferentially extending continuous groove, an adherent layer 
of polyurethane forming a stripe in the groove, the adherent layer of 
polyurethane being formed from a productive urethane composition fluid 
sidewall material flowed into the groove from a nozzle with the tire being 
shaped and with the groove in an exposed position, the productive urethane 
composition fluid sidewall material being prepared by mixing a 
diisocyanate prepolymer with a compounded polyol base to produce a 
productive urethane composition having a viscosity of from about 5,000 to 
about 25,000 centipoise at a temperature of 120.degree. F. (49.degree. C.) 
and communicated to the nozzle for flowing into the groove during relative 
movement of the nozzle and the tire, the flow of the productive urethane 
composition fluid sidewall material onto the tire sidewall being 
controlled by moving the nozzle into close proximity with the groove and 
by position control means responsive to the position of at least one side 
of the groove and the distance from the sidewall, and the flow of the 
productive urethane composition fluid sidewall material being terminated 
after application of the productive urethane composition fluid sidewall 
material over the length of the groove whereby the ends of the stripe are 
joined. 
In accordance with a still further aspect of the invention, there is 
provided a productive urethane composition which can be applied to the 
sidewall of a tire and cured thereon as a decorative stripe, which is 
comprised of an admixture of (1) a diisocyanate prepolymer which is 
prepared by reacting (a) a hydroxyl terminated polydiene liquid rubber, 
(b) optionally, a pigment, (c) optionally at least one antidegradant, (d) 
optionally an alcohol containing at least 2 hydroxyl groups, (e) an 
effective amount of a catalyst, and (f) a polyisocyanate; and (2) a 
compounded polyol base which is comprised of (a) a hydroxyl terminated 
polydiene liquid rubber, (b) at least one pigment, (c) at least one 
antidegradant, (d) optionally, an alcohol containing at least 2 hydroxyl 
groups, and (e) at least one catalyst; wherein the ratio of the 
diisocyanate prepolymer to the compounded polyol base is within the range 
of about 1:5 to about 1:2. 
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, 
then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly 
pointed out in the claims, the following description and the annexed 
drawings setting forth in detail a certain illustrative embodiment of the 
invention, this being indicative, however, of but one of the various ways 
in which the principles of the invention may be employed.

Referring to the drawings and especially to FIGS. 1 and 2, a cured tire 10 
which may be a cured rubber toroidal-shaped carcass having spaced beads 
12, sidewalls 14 and a tread 16 is shown mounted on a chuck member 18. The 
chuck member 18 has a pair of bead retaining plates 20 and 22 with bead 
seats 24 and 26 for gripping the beads 12. 
The lower bead retaining plate 22 is rotatably mounted on a boss 28 
connected to a vertically movable shaft 30 supported by a piston cylinder 
assembly (not shown) in a housing 31 mounted on a base member 32. The 
upper bead retaining plate 20 is supported by an upper drive shaft 34 
rotatably mounted on an arm 36 supported by a pedestal 38 fastened to the 
base member 32. The drive shaft 34 is rotated by a suitable drive means 
such as a chain drive connected to a motor and reducer not shown. An 
encoder 40 may be mounted on the arm 36 and connected to the drive shaft 
34 for registering the position of rotation of the bead retaining plate 
20. 
The lower bead retaining plate 22 may be lowered from the position shown in 
full lines to the position shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 1 so that the 
tire 10 may be placed over the plate manually or preferably by a conveyor 
(not shown). Then the lower bead retaining plate 22 may be raised to the 
position shown in full lines in FIG. 1 to seat the beads 12 on the chuck 
member 18. Shaping may be provided by inflating the tire with an inner 
tube or other suitable means (not shown). The shape of the tire 10 may be 
controlled by raising the lower bead retaining plate 22 to different 
heights. 
One of the sidewalls 14 has a circumferential groove 48 in the sidewall 
surface 50 with circumferential sides 52 and 54. 
An upright support such as bar 56 is mounted on the base member 32 and is 
positioned along one side of the bead retaining plates 20 and 22 for 
supporting a nozzle 58 shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. The 
nozzle 58 is mounted on a frame 60 which is vertically movable on a 
swinging arm 62 pivotally connected to horizontal positioning bars 64 and 
66. As shown in FIG. 1 the upper horizontal positioning bar. 64 is 
slidably movable in a horizontal direction on a suitable bracket 68 to 
move the nozzle 58 radially of the tire 10 as shown in FIG. 2 by moving 
the upper horizontal positioning bar 64. The lower horizontal positioning 
bar 66 which has a threaded rod may then be moved horizontally to tilt the 
swinging arm 62 so that the nozzle 58 will be substantially at right 
angles to the sidewall surface 50 between the sides 52 and 54 of the 
groove 48 in the sidewall surface. Vertical adjustment of the bracket 68 
on the bar 56 is provided by a threaded rod 69 mounted on the bar and 
extending upwards to the bracket. Horizontal adjustment of the frame 60 is 
limited by a threaded rod 70 mounted on the pedestal 56 and extending 
through the link connecting the upper horizontal positioning bar 64 and 
the lower horizontal positioning bar 66. The threaded rods 69 and 70 and 
the rod on positioning rod 66 have stop nuts 71 which are adjustable to 
position the frame 60. 
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, piston cylinder assembly 72 is mounted on the 
frame 60 for raising and lowering the nozzle 58 relative to the sidewall 
surface 50. The piston cylinder assembly 72 may be actuated by air 
pressure and be in communication with a suitable source of air pressure. 
The height of the nozzle 58 relative to the sidewall surface 50 on the 
slide assemblies 73 may be controlled by rollers 74 mounted on roller arms 
75 connected to nozzle yoke 77 so that the rollers 74 are engagable with 
the sidewall surface 50 and will raise and lower the nozzle 58 in response 
to variations in the height of the sidewall surface. Other suitable height 
measuring and controlling means such as a laser and/or machine vision 
apparatus may be used if no contact is desired. 
Referring to FIG. 5, a more detailed view of the nozzle 58 is shown to 
illustrate the mechanism for controlling the flow of fluid sidewall 
material to the circumferential groove 48 in the sidewall surface 50 of 
the tire 10. The nozzle 58 has an upper housing 76 connected by a threaded 
tubular member 78 to a lower housing 80. A cylindrical valve body member 
82 is in threaded engagement with the lower housing 80 and has a valve 
chamber 84 which is enclosed by a nozzle tip extension 86 having a passage 
88 in communication with a nozzle tip 90 shown more clearly in FIGS. 6 
through 9. The nozzle tip 90 may have flanges 92 with bolt holes 94 for 
fastening to the nozzle tip extension 86 and to the frame 60. 
The upper housing 76 includes a cylinder 96 for a piston 98 connected to a 
rod 100 extending to a poppet valve 102 in the valve chamber 84. A valve 
seat 104 is provided in the valve body member 82 and a poppet valve spool 
106 is mounted on the rod 100 so that upon axial movement of the rod a 
sealing surface 108 on the spool may be moved into and out of engagement 
with the valve seat. A spring 110 is seated in the tubular member 78 of 
the lower housing 80 for engagement with a retainer nut 112 fastened on 
the rod 100 for urging the sealing surface 108 of the spool 106 against 
the valve seat 104 to close the valve 102. 
A head 114 is threaded over the cylinder 96 of the upper housing 76 to 
enclose an air chamber 116 in communication with a suitable source of air 
pressure through a port 118 in the head. It is normally convenient to 
utilize air pressure. However, hydraulic pressure can be utilized. 
An inlet 120 in the lower housing 80 is in communication with an inlet 
chamber 122 opening on a valve passage 124 in the valve body member 82 in 
communication with the valve chamber 84. A hose 126 or other suitable 
conduit may be mounted in the inlet 120 and be in communication with a 
source of fluid sidewall material such as a mixing and pressure applying 
apparatus 127 shown schematically in FIG. 1. Feed line 128 for 
diisocyanate prepolymer and feed line 129 for compounded polyol base shown 
schematically in FIG. 1 are connected to the mixing and pressure applying 
apparatus 127. 
In FIG. 5 the nozzle 58 is shown in the open position with the port 118 
connected to a suitable hose 130 in communication with a source of 
compressed air such as an air compressor (not shown) for increasing the 
pressure in the air chamber ! 16 and urging the piston 98 away from the 
head 114 to open the poppet valve 102 and permit passage of the fluid 
sidewall material through the passage 88 to the nozzle tip 90 and through 
a nozzle tip passage 132 into the groove 48 of the tire 10 to form a 
stripe 137. 
Referring to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the nozzle tip 90 is shown in greater 
detail. The tip passage 132 is tapered from the inlet end 134 to the 
outlet end 136 from a generally circular cross section above the inlet end 
to an elongated slit-like opening 138 at the outlet end. The tip passage 
132 may be shaped with the walls having a coat hanger configuration so 
that the fluid sidewall material will maintain a laminar flow over a 
greater distance than the length of the laminar flow provided by the flat 
walls of the nozzle tip 90 shown in FIGS. 5-9. The outlet end 136 has 
edges which are arched to conform with the curvature of the sidewalls 14 
to provide a uniform thickness of fluid sidewall material 140. End walls 
137 of the nozzle tip 90 are also tapered for engagement with the sides 52 
and 54 of the groove 48 as shown in FIG. 9. Preferably the length L of the 
nozzle tip 90 is greater than the width W of the groove 48 so that the 
nozzle tip will be pressed against the sides of the groove providing a 
desired flow of the fluid sidewall material 140 into edges of the 
circumferential groove. In this embodiment, the engagement of the end 
walls 137 of the nozzle tip 90 control the radial position of the nozzle 
58 by sliding movement of a frame 142 in the yoke 77 carried by the spring 
loaded slide assemblies 73. The yoke 77 has rods 144 supporting the frame 
142 and springs for stabilizing the frame movement. Other radial nozzle 
position control means such as a laser and/or machine vision apparatus 
responsive to the position of at least one side of the groove 48 may be 
utilized where contact of the nozzle 58 with the tire 10 is not desirable. 
It has been found that a preferred fluid sidewall material 140 for 
application to a cured tire 10 of rubber or other rubber like material is 
a productive urethane composition fluid sidewall material having a 
viscosity of from about 5,000 to 25,000 centipoises at a temperature of 
120.degree. F. (48.9.degree. C.). The productive urethane composition is 
prepared by admixing a diisocyanate prepolymer and a compounded polyol 
base. The compounded polyol base is comprised of (a) a hydroxyl terminated 
polydiene liquid rubber, (b) optionally, a pigment, (c) at least one 
antidegradant, (d) optionally, an alcohol containing at least 2 hydroxyl 
groups, and (e) an effective amount of a catalyst. The compounded polyol 
base will typically contain from about 5 to about 120 phr (parts per 
hundred parts of rubber) of the pigment, from about 0.1 to about 6 phr of 
the antidegradant from about 0.5 to about 20 phr of the alcohol, and an 
effective amount of the catalyst. It is generally preferred for the 
compounded polyol base to contain from about 20 to about 100 phr of the 
pigment, from about 1 to about 6 phr of the antidegradant, and from about 
1 to about 10 phr of the alcohol. It is most preferred for the pigment to 
be present at a level which is within the range of about 50 to about 80 
phr, for the antidegradant to be at a level within the range of about 2 to 
about 4 phr, and for the alcohol to be present in an amount within the 
range of about 2 to about 5 phr. 
The diisocyanate prepolymer is prepared by reacting a hydroxyl terminated 
polydiene liquid rubber, a polyisocyanate, and optionally an alcohol 
containing at least 2 hydroxyl groups. The reaction mixture utilized in 
the preparation of the diisocyanate prepolymer will also contain 
optionally at least one antidegradant, a catalyst, and optionally, a 
pigment. Thus, the diisocyanate prepolymer is made by reacting (a) a 
hydroxyl terminated polydiene liquid rubber, (b) optionally, a pigment, 
(c) optionally an antidegradant, (d) optionally, an alcohol containing at 
least 2 hydroxyl groups, (e) a catalyst, and (f) a polyisocyanate. 
Normally, all of the pigments and antidegradants are incorporated into the 
compounded polyol base. However, it is possible to incorporate the 
pigments and antidegradants into the diisocyanate prepolymer. 
The hydroxyl terminated polydiene liquid rubber is comprised of repeat 
units which are derived from 1 or more conjugated diene monomers or 
nonconjugated diene monomers. It is generally preferred for the hydroxyl 
terminated polydiene liquid rubber to be comprised of repeat units which 
are derived from conjugated diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene or 
isoprene. Such hydroxyl terminated polydiene liquid rubbers can also 
contain repeat units which are derived from vinyl aromatic monomers, such 
as styrene. Some representative examples of suitable hydroxyl terminated 
polydiene liquid rubbers include hydroxyl terminated liquid polybutadiene, 
hydroxyl terminated liquid polyisoprene, hydroxyl terminated liquid 
styrene-butadiene rubber, hydroxyl terminated liquid nitrile rubber 
(liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber), hydroxyl terminated liquid 
isoprene-styrene rubber, hydroxyl terminated liquid isoprene-butadiene 
rubber, and hydroxyl terminated liquid styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber. 
The hydroxyl terminated polydiene liquid rubber will typically have a 
hydroxyl functionality of from about 2.2 to about 2.6. They typically have 
a viscosity at about 30.degree. C. of from about 10 poise to 150 poise and 
preferably have a viscosity which is within the range of about 20 poise to 
about 100 poise. 
The pigments utilized can be of any desired color. For example, diarylid 
yellow 17, pththalocy blue 15, diarylid orange 13, or perm red 28 (red 
48;1) could be used to impart a yellow, blue, orange or red color. Because 
white sidewall tires are very popular, in most cases white pigments will 
be employed. The white pigment will also typically act as a rubber 
reinforcing filler. A wide variety of inorganic materials can be utilized 
for this purpose. Titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and zinc oxide are 
representative examples of materials which can be utilized as the white 
pigment. Zinc oxide and calcium carbonate act as catalysts when titanium 
dioxide is present. It is highly preferred to utilize from 5 to 15 parts 
of zinc oxide, from 5 to 15 parts of calcium carbonate, and from 40 to 60 
parts of titanium dioxide as the white pigment (said parts being per 100 
parts of the compounded polyol base). The antidegradant can be an 
antioxidant, an antiozonant, an ultraviolet light stabilizer or any 
combination thereof. It is highly preferred for an antioxidant, an 
antiozant and an ultraviolet stabilizer be present. 
The alcohol containing at least 2 hydroxyl groups will typically be a diol 
or a triol. Some representative examples of suitable alcohols include 
ethylene glycol, 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,5-pentane diol, 
1,6-hexane diol, 1,8-octane diol and trimethylol propane. Preferred 
alcohols include 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, and trimethylol 
propane. In most cases, it is highly preferred to utilize 1,4-butane diol 
as the alcohol. If the hydroxyl terminated polydiene liquid rubber has a 
hydroxyl functionality of less than about 2.4, it will generally be 
necessary to include such an alcohol in the diisocyanate prepolymer and 
the compounded polyol base. 
The catalyst is used to increase the reaction rate between the hydroxyl 
terminated polydiene rubber and the polyisocyanate. The amount of catalyst 
utilized will be adjusted to attain the desired reaction rate. This will 
be dependent upon the specific design and operating conditions of the 
equipment being utilized. In cases where there is a short residence time 
in the equipment from the point of mixing in the mixing and pressure 
applying apparatus 128 to application from the nozzle 58, a relatively 
large concentration of catalyst will be required to cure the productive 
urethane composition. On the other hand, in cases where the equipment 
provides a longer residence time after mixing, a relatively lower amount 
of catalyst will be required. The curing reaction is somewhat temperature 
dependent with higher temperatures generally promoting a faster rate of 
curing. Accordingly, lesser amounts of catalyst is required at higher 
curing temperatures. The temperature utilized to cure the productive 
urethane composition will generally be within the range of about 
20.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. 
Any catalyst which increases the reaction rate between the diisocyanate 
prepolymer and the compounded polyol base can be utilized. Some 
representative examples of such catalysts include dibutyltin dilaurate, 
stannous octoate, magnesium oxide, butyl aldehyde-butyl amine condensation 
product, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, cobalt naphthenate and tertiary amines 
such as triethylene diamine, methylated tetraethylene tetramine and 
hexamethylene tetramine. It has been found that the organo tin compounds 
such as dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate are quite useful in this 
regard. It is normally preferred to utilize a combination of an alkyl tin 
mercaptide and an organo tin carboxylate as the catalyst system. The 
utilization of from about 0.003 phr to about 0.007 phr of an alkyl tin 
mercaptide in conjunction with from about 0.003 phr to about 0.007 phr of 
an organo tin carboxylate as the catalyst system is highly preferred. 
Aliphatic polyisocyanates or aromatic polyisocyanates can be utilized. The 
polyisocyanate will typically be a diisocyanate. Some representative 
examples of suitable polyisocyanates include 1,6-hexamethylene 
diisocyanate, 1,10-decamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene 
diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexyl-isocyanate), 
1,5-tetrahydronaphthalene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 
2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, m-phenylene 
diisocyanate, diphenyl-methane-4,4'-diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4-bis 
phenylene diisocyanate and the like. 
In preparing the productive urethane composition, the diisocyanate 
prepolymer will be mixed with a compounded polyol base at a weight ratio 
which is within the range of about 1:5 to about 1:2. It is typically 
preferred for the diisocyanate prepolymer to be mixed with the compounded 
polyol base at a weight ratio which is within the range of about 1:4 to 
about 2:5. 
This material 140 may be continuously mixed in the mixing and pressure 
applying apparatus 127 and communicated to the nozzle 58 by the hose 126 
for continuous flow during application of the material to the 
circumferential groove 48 of the tire 10. After application, the nozzle 58 
may be retracted by actuating the piston cylinder assembly 72 .on the 
frame 60 which retracts the yoke 77, slide assemblies 73 and roller arms 
74. The cured tire 10 may then be removed by lowering the lower bead 
retaining plate 22. The tire 10 may then be lifted off the lower bead 
retaining plate 22 and a second tire placed on the chuck member 18. The 
nozzle 58 may then be moved into the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 9 and 
the air pressure admitted to the air chamber 116 so that the poppet valve 
102 is open communicating the productive urethane composition fluid 
sidewall material 140 to the nozzle tip 90. Simultaneously, the chuck 
member 18 is rotated causing the tire 10 to rotate. Suitable controls well 
known to those skilled in the art such as encoder 40 may be provided to 
measure the amount of rotation of the tire 10 and cause closing of the 
poppet valve 102 and retraction of the nozzle 58 from the groove 48 after 
one revolution of the tire. 
Preferably the volume of productive urethane composition 140 held in the 
system between shots is no more than one half the volume of material to 
lay one stripe and this mixed volume is held for a period of time no 
longer than the pot life of the material. This will be less than about 4 
minutes and preferably less than about 2 minutes. The first fluid sidewall 
material 140 applied to the circumferential groove 48 is preferably not 
fully cured when the last fluid sidewall material is applied to provide 
adhesion of the ends at the splice. The tire 10 is also not removed from 
the chuck 20 until the material 140 is sufficiently solidified to prevent 
undesirable flow of the material from the position where it is applied to 
the tire. 
In the embodiment shown, both sides 139 of the nozzle tip 90 are shown in 
engagement with the sides 52, 54 of the groove 48. This is desirable, 
however, the groove 48 may also be adequately filled with the fluid 
sidewall material 140 where only one of the sides 139 is in engagement 
with one of the sides 52, 54 of the circumferential groove 48. This will 
maintain the nozzle 58 in the groove 48 even though the chuck member 18 or 
the tire 10 is not mounted concentrically. 
By utilizing the method and apparatus of this invention, one or more 
colored stripes (rings) can be applied to the sidewall of a tire. In fact, 
multiple stripes of different colors can be applied to the sidewall of the 
same tire using the method of this invention. 
While a certain representative embodiment and details have been shown for 
the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those 
skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made 
therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.