Millimeter-wave communications on a multifunction platform

A millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system may include an antenna array structure operating within a MMW band, having both a first antenna coupling point and a second antenna coupling point, whereby the first and the second location of the antenna coupling points are within a coplanar surface on which the antenna array structure is formed. The system may further include a single MMW transmitter device having a power splitter that splits a data modulated MMW signal into a first MMW data modulated signal and a second MMW data modulated signal identical to the first MMW data modulated signal, such that the first data modulated MMW signal is coupled to the first antenna coupling point for radio propagation at a first direction, and the second data modulated MMW signal is coupled to the second antenna coupling point for radio propagation at a second direction.

BACKGROUND

The present invention generally relates to telecommunication systems, and more particularly, to millimeter-wave (MMW) communication systems.

MMW communication technology offers a vast array of high-speed capabilities, especially with the emergence of high-bandwidth-requirement data services such as, but not limited to, the transfer or downloading of uncompressed high definition (HD) TV data. The MMW band extends from about 28-300 GHz, which enables single or multichannel carrier signals capable of Gigabit transmission speeds.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Among other things, the systems and methods of the present invention provide a mechanism of directionally switching millimeter-wave (MMW) line-of-sight (LOS) radio signal propagations using antenna array structures directly formed on a single planar surface. The antenna array structures include multiple antenna feeds that are coplanar with respect to the single planar surface, such that each feed receives and/or transmits along a different propagation direction.

According to one embodiment, a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system includes an antenna array structure operating within a MMW band, whereby the antenna array structure has both a first antenna coupling point at a first location of the antenna array structure and a second antenna coupling point at a second location of the antenna array structure. The first and the second location of the antenna coupling points are within a coplanar surface on which the antenna array structure is formed. The MMW communication system further includes a single MMW transmitter device having a power splitter that splits a data modulated MMW signal into a first MMW data modulated signal and a second MMW data modulated signal that is identical to the first MMW data modulated signal. The first data modulated MMW signal is coupled to the first antenna feed point while the second data modulated MMW signal is coupled to the second antenna feed point. The first data modulated MMW signal that is coupled to the first antenna feed point generates a first MMW radio signal that is transmitted at a first propagation direction by the antenna array structure. The second data modulated MMW signal that is coupled to the second antenna feed point accordingly generates a second MMW radio signal transmitted at a second propagation direction that is different to the first propagation direction by the antenna array structure.

According to another exemplary embodiment, a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system includes an antenna array structure operating within a MMW band, whereby the antenna array structure has both a first antenna coupling point at a first location of the antenna array structure and a second antenna coupling point that is at a second location of the antenna array structure. The first and the second location of the antenna coupling points are within a coplanar surface on which the antenna array structure is formed. The communication system further includes a single MMW receiver device having a power combiner that receives one of a first MMW radio signal and a second MMW radio signal such that the first MMW radio signal is received from the first antenna coupling point and the second MMW radio signal is received from the second antenna coupling point. The first received MMW radio signal at the first antenna coupling point is received by the antenna array structure from a first propagation direction, while the second received MMW radio signal at the second antenna coupling point is received by the antenna array structure from a second propagation direction that is different from the first propagation direction.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment, a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system includes an antenna array structure operating within a MMW band, whereby the antenna array structure has both a first antenna coupling point at a first location of the antenna array structure and a second antenna coupling point that is at a second location of the antenna array structure. The first and the second location of the antenna coupling points are within a coplanar surface on which the antenna array structure is formed. A first MMW transmitter device couples a first data modulated MMW signal to the first antenna coupling point, while a second MMW transmitter device couples a second data modulated MMW signal different to the first data modulated MMW signal to the second antenna feed point. Coupling the first data modulated MMW signal to the first antenna coupling point generates a first MMW radio signal transmitted at a first propagation direction by the antenna array structure at a first operating frequency. Also, coupling the second data modulated MMW signal to the second antenna coupling point generates a second MMW radio signal transmitted at a second propagation direction by the antenna array structure at a second operating frequency. The second propagation direction is different to the first propagation direction.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment, a method of millimeter-wave (MMW) communications includes generating a data modulated MMW signal and splitting the data modulated MMW signal into a first data modulated MMW signal and a second data modulated MMW signal that is identical to the first data modulated MMW signal. The first data modulated MMW signal is coupled via a first switch to a first antenna coupling point of an antenna array structure operating within a MMW band. Also, the second data modulated MMW signal is coupled via a second switch to a second antenna coupling point of the antenna array structure, whereby the first and the second location of the antenna coupling points are within a coplanar surface over which the antenna array structure is formed.

According to yet another exemplary embodiment, a method of millimeter-wave (MMW) communications includes generating a first data modulated MMW signal from a first baseband signal generator and a first MMW source operating at a first MMW frequency, and generating a second data modulated MMW signal from a second baseband signal generator and a second MMW source operating at a second MMW frequency. The first data modulated MMW signal is coupled via a first switch to a first antenna coupling point of an antenna array structure operating within a MMW band. The second data modulated MMW signal is coupled via a second switch to a second antenna coupling point of the antenna array structure, whereby the first and the second location of the antenna coupling points are within a coplanar surface on which the antenna array structure is formed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Communications to electronic devices such as portable electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, charging pads, etc.) can either be in the form of a wired connection, or a wireless connection operating at relatively low data-rates (e.g., 1 Mbit/s) and frequencies (e.g., 2.4 GHz) using technologies such as Bluetooth, or near field communications (NFC). Thus, millimeter-wave-based high data-rate connections to such devices, among other things, enable near instantaneous video/photo synchronization, video streaming, etc. However due to the directional nature of millimeter-wave (MMW) propagation, wireless link coverage can either be limited, or require high-cost complex solutions, such as, phased array antenna systems. The one or more exemplary embodiments described herein, among other things, facilitate high speed (e.g., 7-20 Gigabit/s), low cost, and reliable MMW band communications between electronic devices.

In particular, the described embodiments generate directionally switchable antenna systems operating within the millimeter-wave band (e.g., 60 GHz region between 57-66 GHz) of the radio spectrum. Within the 60 GHz operating region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the propagated MMW radio signals undergo high atmospheric oxygen absorption and thus attenuation. While this high attenuation factor reduces transmission range, it offers frequency reuse advantages for mobile based applications. The described example MMW band is, however, exemplary. According to another example, a 28 GHz operating region may be utilized for 5G communication systems.

FIG. 1shows a plan view100of an antenna array structure such as a grid antenna structure100, according to one embodiment. As depicted, the grid antenna structure101includes a plurality of loops102a-102i, which are formed on surface P. Each of the plurality of loops102a-102iinclude antenna radiator elements. For example, loop102ahas antenna radiator elements r1, r2, r3, and r4. According to another example, loop102bincludes antenna radiator elements r5, r6, r7, and r8. As illustrated, portions of antenna radiator elements corresponding to one loop may be shared by the radiator elements of other adjacent loops. For example, radiator element r4of loop102ais also shared with adjacent loops102band102c. In particular, radiator element r9of loop102cforms part of radiator element r4of loop102a. Also, radiator element r7of loop102bforms part of radiator element r4of loop102a. According to another example, radiator element r5is shared between loops102band102c. As such, the grid antenna structure101, and thus, all the antenna radiator elements forming the plurality of loops102a-102iare formed on a coplanar surface such as surface P.

The grid antenna structure101also includes multiple antenna coupling points106,108,110, whereby at such points, radio signals are coupled to the grid antenna structure101for free-space propagation. As depicted, the antenna coupling points106,108,110are positioned at different locations on the grid antenna structure101. For example, antenna coupling point106is located on radiator element r1of loop102a, while antenna coupling point108is located at the intersection of radiator elements r5and no of respective loops102b,102c, and102e. Further, antenna coupling point110is located on radiator element r11of loop102i. Since the coupling points106,108,110are coupled to the antenna radiator elements forming the plurality of loops102a-102i, these coupling points106,108,110, as with the antenna radiator elements, are also located within a coplanar surface such as surface P. An exemplary cross-sectional exploded view114of coupling point110illustrates this further by showing the coupling point110as the region or area contacting the undersurface of the radiator element r11located on surface P, which receives a signal for radio transmission. Thus, the radiator element r11and coupling point110are located on a common plane.

Although the exemplary grid antenna structure101embodiment shows three coupling points106,108,110, any number of coupling points distributed at different locations may be provided for feeding a signal to the antenna structure. In operation, receiving a signal at each coupling point generates a different radio propagation direction. This in turn enables the directional transmission of radio signals in predominantly line-of-sight (LOS) communication systems such as MMW systems. As further depicted inFIG. 1, signal transmission diagram120illustrates the effect of applying a signal such as a modulated MMW signal to each of coupling points106,108, and110. For example, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point106generates a MMW radio signal propagation direction122having an elevation angle (θ1) in the range of about 40-50 degrees. Alternatively, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point108generates a MMW radio signal radio propagation direction124having another elevation angle (θ2) in the range of about 85-95 degrees. Further, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point110generates a MMW radio signal radio propagation direction126having yet another elevation angle (θ3) in the range of about 140-150 degrees. In the depicted example, the MMW radio signal propagation directions122,124,126are within a plane (V)130that is substantially perpendicular to surface P, on which the grid antenna structure101is formed.

The grid antenna structure101may be designed to operate as either a resonant antenna, whereby the radiator elements may typically be half-wavelengths in size, or as a travelling wave antenna. In either design, the size of the radiator elements are, among other things, governed by the required gain and operating frequency of the antenna, and thus vary accordingly.

FIG. 2shows a plan view200of an antenna array structure such as a series fed patch antenna structure201, according to one embodiment. As depicted, the series fed patch antenna structure201includes a plurality of patches202a-202chaving conductive connections204a,204b,204c,204d, which are formed on surface V. More specifically, conductive connection204ais electrically coupled to patch202a, while conductive connection204belectrically couples adjacent patches202aand202b. Similarly, conductive connection204celectrically couples adjacent patches202band202c, while conductive connection204dis electrically coupled to patch202c. The series fed patch antenna structure201also includes multiple antenna coupling points206,208,210, whereby at such points, radio signals are coupled to the series fed patch antenna structure201for free-space propagation.

As depicted, the antenna coupling points206,208,210are positioned at different locations on the series fed patch antenna structure201. For example, antenna coupling point206is located on conductive connection204a, while antenna coupling point208is located at the intersection of conductive connection204bwith patch202a. Further, antenna coupling point210is located on conductive connection204d. Since the coupling points206,208,210are coupled to the series fed patch antenna structure201, these coupling points106,108,110are also located within a coplanar surface such as surface V. As such, the plurality of patches202a-202c, the conductive connections204a,204b,204c,204dof the series fed patch antenna structure201, and the coupling points206,208,210are all formed on a coplanar surface such as surface V. An exemplary cross-sectional exploded view214of coupling point210illustrates this further by showing the coupling point210as the region or area contacting the undersurface of the conductive connection204dlocated on surface P′. Thus, the conductive connection204dand coupling point210are located on a common plane.

Although the exemplary series fed patch antenna structure201embodiment shows three coupling points206,208,210and three patches202a-202c, any number of coupling points distributed across different locations of any plurality patches may be provided for feeding a signal to the antenna structure. In operation, as with the grid antenna structure101ofFIG. 1, receiving a signal at each coupling point generates a different radio propagation direction. This in turn enables the directional transmission of radio signals in predominantly line-of-sight (LOS) communication systems such as MMW systems. As further depicted inFIG. 2, signal transmission diagram220illustrates the effect of applying a signal such as a modulated MMW signal to each of coupling points206,208, and210. For example, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point206generates a MMW radio signal propagation direction222having an elevation angle (θ′1) in the range of about 40-50 degrees. Alternatively, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point208generates a MMW radio signal radio propagation direction224having another elevation angle (θ′2) in the range of about 85-95 degrees. Further, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point210generates a MMW radio signal radio propagation direction226having yet another elevation angle (θ′3) in the range of about 140-150 degrees. In the depicted example, the MMW radio signal propagation directions222,224,226are within a plane (V′)230that is substantially perpendicular to surface P′, on which the series fed patch antenna structure201is formed. The series fed patch antenna structure201may be designed to operate as either a resonant antenna or as a travelling wave antenna. In either design, the size of the patch elements are, among other things, governed by the required gain and operating frequency of the antenna, and thus vary accordingly.

FIG. 3shows a plan view300of an antenna array structure such as a coupled patch antenna structure301, according to one embodiment. As depicted, the coupled patch antenna structure301includes a plurality of patches302a-302cthat are inductively coupled and formed on surface P″. More specifically, patch302ais inductively coupled to adjacent patch302b, while patch302bis inductively coupled to patch302c. The coupled patch antenna structure301also includes multiple antenna coupling points306,308,310, whereby at such points, radio signals are coupled to the coupled patch antenna structure301for free-space propagation.

As depicted, the antenna coupling points306,308,310are positioned at different locations on the coupled patch antenna structure301. For example, antenna coupling point306is located near the edge315of patch302a, while antenna coupling point308is located on patch302band off-set from the edge317of patch302bby distance x. Further, antenna coupling point310is located on patch302cand off-set from the edge319of patch302cby distance y. Since the coupling points306,308,310are connected to the coupled patch antenna structure301, these coupling points306,308,310are also located within a coplanar surface such as surface P″. As such, the plurality of patches302a-302cand the coupling points306,308,310are all formed on coplanar surface P″. An exemplary cross-sectional exploded view314of coupling point310illustrates this further by showing the coupling point310as the region or area contacting the undersurface of patch302clocated on surface P″. Thus, the patch302cand coupling point210are located on a common plane.

Although the exemplary coupled patch antenna structure301embodiment shows three coupling points306,308,310and three patches302a-302c, any number of coupling points distributed across different locations of any plurality patches may be provided for feeding a signal to the antenna structure301. In operation, as with the grid antenna structure101ofFIG. 1, receiving a signal at each coupling point generates a different radio propagation direction. This in turn enables the directional transmission of radio signals in predominantly line-of-sight (LOS) communication systems such as MMW systems. As further depicted inFIG. 3, signal transmission diagram320illustrates the effect of applying a signal such as a modulated MMW signal to each of coupling points306,308, and310. For example, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point306generates a MMW radio signal propagation direction322having an elevation angle (θ″1) in the range of about 40-50 degrees. Alternatively, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point308generates a MMW radio signal radio propagation direction324having another elevation angle (θ″2) in the range of about 85-95 degrees. Further, applying the modulated MMW signal to coupling point310generates a MMW radio signal radio propagation direction326having yet another elevation angle (θ″3) in the range of about 140-150 degrees. In the depicted example, the MMW radio signal radio propagation directions322,324,326are within a plane (V″)330that is substantially perpendicular to surface P′, on which the coupled patch antenna structure301is formed. The coupled patch antenna structure301may be designed to operate as either a resonant antenna or as a travelling wave antenna. In either design, the size of the patch elements are, among other things, governed by the required gain and operating frequency of the antenna, and thus vary accordingly.

With reference to the exemplary antenna structures depicted inFIGS. 1-3, sweeping the radio carrier frequency also causes a change in the elevation angle of the propagated radio signal at each coupling point on the antenna. Based on the LOS communication requirements of MMW systems, the above described antenna structures enable high-speed gigabit data communication services between electronic devices by making sure the data modulated MMW radio signals are directionally transmitted from one of the electronic devices to another recipient electronic device (e.g., portable device such as a smart phone). The grid antenna structure ofFIG. 1, the series fed patch antenna structure ofFIG. 2, and the coupled patch antenna structure ofFIG. 3may be configured to operate within a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz.

FIG. 4shows a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system400operating as a transmitter, according to one embodiment. The exemplary millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system400may include a MMW transmitter device402and an antenna array structure404. In the presented example, the antenna array structure404includes a grid antenna structure the same as, or similar to, the grid antenna structure depicted inFIG. 1.

As depicted inFIG. 4, the grid antenna structure404includes a plurality of loops420a-420k, whereby, as illustrated by the dashed lines DL1, any number of additional loop structures may be implemented between loops420b-420cand420i-420j. The grid antenna structure404also includes multiple antenna coupling points424,426,428, whereby at such points, radio signals are coupled to the grid antenna structure404for free-space propagation. As depicted, the antenna coupling points424,426,428are positioned at different locations on the grid antenna structure404. For example, antenna coupling point424is located on an outer radiator element r1of loop420a, while antenna coupling point428is located on an outer radiator element r2of loop420k. Further, antenna coupling point426is located at the intersection of radiator elements r3and r4corresponding to loops420band420c. Although the exemplary grid antenna structure404embodiment shows three coupling points424,426,428, any number of coupling points distributed at different locations may be provided for feeding a signal to the antenna structure404. In operation, receiving a data modulated signal at each coupling point generates a different radio propagation direction. As previously described, this in turn establishes the MMW system's400LOS communication requirements with other MMW devices.

The MMW transmitter device402may include a baseband signal generator408, a millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)410, a frequency mixer412, a power splitter414(i.e., also referred to as a power divider), power amplifier devices416ato416n, a bank of radio frequency (RF) switches419, and a switch control unit423.

In particular, the baseband signal generator408provides a source of data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) for radio transmission via the antenna array structure404. The baseband signal generator408may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities for formatting the data or information prior to up-conversion and subsequent transmission. The millimeter-wave signal generator410may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both the baseband signal generator408and the millimeter-wave signal generator410to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer412, a data modulated MMW signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer412. Since the frequency mixer412is coupled to the power splitter414, the data modulated MMW signal is received at the input of the power splitter414. The output of the power splitter414divides the received data modulated MMW signal along multiple paths P1-PN. Depending on the power splitter (e.g., 2-way, 3-way, 4-way, 8-way, 16-way, etc.), the received data modulated MMW signal may be divided multiple ways. In the illustrated example, the power splitter414divides the received data modulated MMW signal along paths P1, P2, and PN. However, as indicated by dashed lines DL2, the received data modulated MMW signal may be divided along a plurality of additional paths (not shown) that may be coupled to other additional coupling points (not shown) on the antenna structure404.

The data modulated MMW signals divided along paths P1, P2, and PNare received and amplified by respective power amplifiers416a,416b, and416n. Since the power of the data modulated MMW signal generated from the mixer output (c) is divided by the operation of the power splitter414, the power amplifiers416a,416b,416nare utilized to restore or increase this reduced power. The amplified data modulated MMW signals at the output of the power amplifiers416a,416b,416nare then received by the bank of radio frequency RF switches419coupled to the output of amplifiers416a,416b, and416n. Under the control of switch control unit423, the actuation of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches419determines which amplified version of the data modulated MMW signal is coupled to a corresponding one of the coupling points424,426,428.

In operation, for example, by actuating switch SW1to a closed position, the data modulated MMW signal (i.e., along path P1) that is amplified by amplifier416ais received at coupling point424of the grid antenna structure404. The amplified data modulated MMW signal received by the grid antenna structure404at coupling point424is thus radio transmitted at a first propagation direction. By actuating switch SW2to a closed position, the data modulated MMW signal (i.e., along path P2) that is amplified by amplifier416bis received at coupling point426of the grid antenna structure404. The amplified data modulated MMW signal received by the grid antenna structure404at coupling point426is thus radio transmitted at another second propagation direction that is different to the first radio propagation direction. Similarly, by actuating switch SWNto a closed position, the data modulated MMW signal (i.e., along path PN) that is amplified by amplifier416nis received at coupling point428of the grid antenna structure404. The amplified data modulated MMW signal received by the grid antenna structure404at coupling point428is thus radio transmitted at yet another third propagation direction that is different to both the first and the second radio propagation directions.

In a first operating mode, by selectively actuating one of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches419to a closed position, a predetermined LOS MMW radio transmission at a specific direction may be achieved. For example, the antenna array structure404may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of different switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches419generates different radio transmission directions that are directed at different specific locations around the table.

Alternatively, in a second operating mode, by selectively actuating all of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches419to a closed position, a predetermined LOS MMW radio transmission at multiple directions may be achieved (i.e., broadcast mode). For example, the antenna array structure404may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of all of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches419generates different radio transmission directions that are simultaneously directed at multiple specific locations around the table.

FIG. 5shows a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system500operating as a receiver, according to one embodiment. The exemplary millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system500may include a MMW receiver device502and an antenna array structure504. In the presented example, the antenna array structure504includes a grid antenna structure the same as, or similar to, the grid antenna structure depicted inFIG. 1.

As depicted inFIG. 5, the grid antenna structure504includes a plurality of loops520a-520k, whereby, as illustrated by the dashed lines DL′1, any number of additional loop structures may be implemented between loops520b-520cand520i-520j. The grid antenna structure504also includes multiple antenna coupling points524,526,528, whereby at such points, radio signals are received at the grid antenna structure504during free-space radio signal reception. As depicted, the antenna coupling points524,526,528are positioned at different locations on the grid antenna structure504. For example, antenna coupling point524is located on an outer radiator element r′1of loop520a, while antenna coupling point528is located on an outer radiator element r′2of loop520k. Further, antenna coupling point526is located at the intersection of radiator elements r′3and r′4corresponding to loops520band520c. Although the exemplary grid antenna structure504embodiment shows three coupling points524,526,528, any number of coupling points distributed at different locations may be provided for receiving free-space propagated signals by the antenna structure504. In operation, data modulated signal are received at each coupling point from different radio propagation directions. As previously described, this in turn establishes the MMW system's500LOS communication requirements with other MMW devices.

The MMW receiver device502may include a baseband signal receiver508, a millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)510, a frequency mixer512, a power combiner514, power amplifier devices516ato516n(e.g., low noise amplifiers—LNAs), a bank of radio frequency (RF) switches519, and a switch control unit523.

In particular, the baseband signal receiver508processes (e.g., demodulation, error correction, clock extraction, etc.) data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) that is received via the antenna array structure504. The millimeter-wave signal generator510may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both the power combiner514and the millimeter-wave signal generator510to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer512, a down converted data modulated signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer512. As further depicted, the three coupling points524,526,528of the antenna structure504are each coupled to the inputs of the respective power amplifier devices516a,516b,516nvia the bank of radio frequency (RF) switches519. As such, directional LOS data modulated MMW signals are received at the three coupling points524,526,528based on their signal propagation direction. For example, a data modulated MMW signal transmitted from a first propagation direction is received at coupling point524, while a data modulated MMW signal transmitted from a second propagation direction is received at coupling point526. Similarly, according to another example, a data modulated MMW signal transmitted from a third propagation direction is received at coupling point528.

Based on the operation of the switch control unit523, the bank of radio frequency (RF) switches519couples one or more of the data modulated MMW signals received at the one or more coupling points524,526,528to a corresponding amplifier516a,516b,516nfor signal amplification. For example, based on the actuation of switch SW1(i.e., SW2and SWNunactuated), a data modulated MMW signal received from coupling point524along a first LOS propagation direction is coupled to amplifier516afor signal amplification. Alternatively, according to another example, based on the actuation of switch SW2(i.e., SW1and SWNunactuated), a data modulated MMW signal received from coupling point526along a second LOS propagation direction is coupled to amplifier516bfor signal amplification. Further, according to yet another example, based on the actuation of switch SWN(i.e., SW1and SW2unactuated), a data modulated MMW signal received from coupling point528along a third LOS propagation direction is coupled to amplifier516nfor signal amplification. The power combiner514thus receives one or more of the data modulated MMW signals that have been amplified by power amplifier devices516a,516b, and516nfrom amplifier outputs θ1, θ2, and θN. However, as indicated by dashed lines DL′2, the received data modulated MMW signals may be amplified by additional amplifiers (not shown) that are coupled to additional coupling points (not shown) on the antenna structure504.

In a first operating mode, as described above, by selectively actuating one of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches519to a closed position, a predetermined LOS MMW radio signal reception at a specific direction may be achieved. For example, the antenna array structure504may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of different switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches419configures the MMW receiver device502to receive different MMW radio signals transmitted from different locations around the table.

Alternatively, in a second operating mode, by selectively actuating all of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches519to a closed position, a predetermined LOS MMW radio signal reception from multiple directions may be achieved (i.e., broadcast mode). For example, the antenna array structure504may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of all of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches519configures the MMW receiver device502to simultaneously receive MMW radio signals transmitted from multiple locations around the table.

In the embodiments depicted inFIGS. 4 and 5, the position of the bank of radio frequency RF switches is functionally represented. Preferably, inFIG. 4, the bank of radio frequency RF switches419can be positioned before the amplifiers416a-416n. InFIG. 5, preferably, the bank of RF switches519may be located following the output of amplifiers516a-516n.

FIG. 6shows a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system600operating as a transceiver, according to one embodiment. The exemplary millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system600may include a MMW transceiver device602and an antenna array structure604. In the presented example, the antenna array structure604includes a grid antenna structure that is the same as, or similar to, the grid antenna structure depicted inFIG. 1.

The MMW transceiver device602may include a baseband signal receiver/generator608, a millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)610, a frequency mixer612, a power splitter/combiner614, power amplifier devices616a,617a,616b,617b,616n,617n, a bank of radio frequency (RF) switches SW′1, SW′2, SW′N, and a switch control unit623.

The MMW transceiver device602combines the operation of both the MMW transmitter device402ofFIG. 4and the MMW receiver device502ofFIG. 5. Further the antenna array structure604is also identical to both the antenna structure404ofFIG. 4and the antenna structure504ofFIG. 5.

In particular, in a transmit mode of operation, the baseband signal receiver/generator608provides a source of data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) for radio transmission via the antenna array structure604. The baseband signal generator408may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities for formatting the data or information prior to up-conversion and subsequent transmission. Alternatively, in a receive mode of operation, the baseband signal receiver/generator608processes (e.g., demodulation, error correction, clock extraction, etc.) data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) that is received via the antenna array structure604.

The millimeter-wave signal generator610may include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. In a transmit mode of operation, by applying the output signals from both the baseband signal receiver/generator608and the millimeter-wave signal generator610to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer612, a data modulated MMW signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer612. In a receive mode of operation, by applying the output signals from both the power splitter/combiner614and the millimeter-wave signal generator610to the inputs (b, c) of the frequency mixer612, a down converted data modulated signal is generated at the output (a) of the frequency mixer612. It may be appreciated that the mixer input/output terminals are described from the perspective whether signals are being up-converted (Txmode) or down-converted (Rxmode) by the mixer612.

The power splitter/combiner614operates as power splitter or power combiner depending on the direction of signal travel. Thus, in the transmit mode where the baseband signal receiver/generator608produces data for transmission, the power splitter/combiner614operates as a power splitter. Alternatively, in the receive mode where the baseband signal receiver/generator608demodulates and processes received data, the power splitter/combiner614operates as a power combiner.

In the transmit mode, since the frequency mixer612is coupled to the power splitter/combiner614, the data modulated MMW signal is received at the input of the power splitter614. The output of the power splitter614thus divides the received data modulated MMW signal along multiple paths P′1-P′N. Depending on the power splitter (e.g., 2-way, 3-way, 4-way, 8-way, 16-way, etc.), the received data modulated MMW signal may be divided multiple ways. In the illustrated example, the power splitter/combiner614divides the received data modulated MMW signal along paths P′1, P′2, and P′N. However, as indicated by dashed lines DL″2, the received data modulated MMW signal may be divided along a plurality of additional paths (not shown) that may be coupled to other additional coupling points (not shown) on the antenna structure604. As further depicted, the three coupling points624,626,628of the antenna structure604are each coupled to terminals A, B, and C of the bank of radio frequency (RF) switches SW′1, SW′2, and SW′N. In particular, terminal A is coupled to SW′1, terminal B is coupled to SW′2, and terminal C is coupled to SW′3. In the transmit mode of operation, the bank of radio frequency (RF) switches SW′1, SW′2, SW′Nmay be configured to switch respective paths P′1, P′2, P′Nthrough amplifiers616a,616b, and616n.

For example, by actuating switch SW′1to position ‘a’, the data modulated MMW signal (i.e., along path P1) that is amplified by amplifier616ais received at coupling point624of the grid antenna structure604. The amplified data modulated MMW signal received by the grid antenna structure404at coupling point624is thus radio transmitted at a first propagation direction. By actuating switch SW′2 to position ‘a’, the data modulated MMW signal (i.e., along path P2) that is amplified by amplifier616bis received at coupling point626of the grid antenna structure604. The amplified data modulated MMW signal received by the grid antenna structure604at coupling point626is thus radio transmitted at another second propagation direction that is different to the first radio propagation direction. Similarly, by actuating switch SW′N to position ‘a’, the data modulated MMW signal (i.e., along path PN) that is amplified by amplifier616nis received at coupling point628of the grid antenna structure604. The amplified data modulated MMW signal received by the grid antenna structure604at coupling point628is thus radio transmitted at yet another third propagation direction that is different to both the first and the second radio propagation directions.

In a first operating mode, by selectively actuating one of the switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘a’, a predetermined LOS MMW radio transmission at a specific direction may be achieved. For example, the antenna array structure604may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of different switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘a’ configures the transceiver602to generate different radio transmission directions that are directed at different specific locations around the table. Alternatively, in a second operating mode, by selectively actuating all of the switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘a’, a predetermined LOS MMW radio transmission at multiple directions may be achieved (i.e., broadcast mode). For example, the antenna array structure604may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of all of the switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘a’ configures the transceiver602to generate different radio transmission directions that are simultaneously directed at multiple specific locations around the table.

In the receive mode, the three coupling points624,626,628of the antenna structure604are each coupled to the inputs of the respective power amplifier devices617a,617b,617nwhen switches SW′1-SW′Nare configured to position ‘b’. As such, directional LOS data modulated MMW signals are received at the three coupling points624,626,628based on their signal propagation direction. For example, a data modulated MMW signal transmitted from a first propagation direction is received at coupling point624, while a data modulated MMW signal transmitted from a second propagation direction is received at coupling point626. Similarly, according to another example, a data modulated MMW signal transmitted from a third propagation direction is received at coupling point628.

Based on the operation of the switch control unit623, the switches SW′1-SW′Ncouple one or more of the data modulated MMW signals received at the one or more coupling points624,626,628to a corresponding amplifier617a,617b,617nfor signal amplification. For example, based on the actuation of switch SW′1to position ‘b’ (i.e., SW′2and SW′3at position ‘a’), a data modulated MMW signal received from coupling point624along a first LOS propagation direction is coupled to amplifier617afor signal amplification. Alternatively, according to another example, based on the actuation of switch SW′2to position ‘b’ (i.e., SW′1and SW′3at position ‘a’), a data modulated MMW signal received from coupling point626along a second LOS propagation direction is coupled to amplifier617bafor signal amplification. Further, according to yet another example, based on the actuation of switch SW′3to position ‘b’ (i.e., SW′1and SW′2at position ‘a’), a data modulated MMW signal received from coupling point628along a third LOS propagation direction is coupled to amplifier617nfor signal amplification. The power splitter/combiner614thus receives one or more of the data modulated MMW signals that have been amplified by power amplifier devices617a,617b, and617nfrom paths P′1, P′2, and P′N. However, as indicated by dashed lines DL″2, the received data modulated MMW signals may be amplified by additional amplifiers (not shown) that are coupled to additional coupling points (not shown) on the antenna structure604.

In a first operating mode, as described above, by selectively actuating one of the switches S′W1-SW′Nto position ‘b’, a predetermined LOS MMW radio signal reception from a specific direction may be achieved. For example, the antenna array structure604may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of different switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘b’ configures the MMW transceiver device602to receive different MMW radio signals transmitted from different locations around the table. Alternatively, in a second operating mode, by selectively actuating all of the switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘b’, a predetermined LOS MMW radio signal reception from multiple directions may be achieved (i.e., broadcast mode). For example, the antenna array structure604may be integrated onto the outer (top) surface of a table, whereby the actuation of all of the switches SW′1-SW′Nto position ‘b’ configures the MMW transceiver device502to simultaneously receive MMW radio signals transmitted from multiple locations around the table.

FIG. 7shows operational modes associated with the millimeter-wave (MMW) communication systems ofFIGS. 4-6, according to one embodiment. As depicted, an antenna array structure702may be located on a surface704of, for example, a table, a mobile device (e.g., smartphone) display or housing, or other device surface. The antenna array structure702may also be coupled to any communication device identical to, or similar to, those depicted and described in relation toFIGS. 4-6. Moreover, the antenna array structure702may communicate with mobile devices706and708, whereby each of the mobile devices706,708include an identical or similar communication system to those depicted and described in relation to the MMW systems ofFIGS. 4-6.

In a first mode of operation700A, the antenna array structure702may direct LOS communications to a target device. For example, as described in the foregoing, utilizing a first coupling point on the antenna array structure702in a transmit mode, a data modulated MMW signal is transmitted at a first propagation direction to mobile device708. Alternatively, by using another coupling point on the antenna array structure702, a data modulated MMW signal is transmitted at a second propagation direction to mobile device706. Although for illustrative brevity only two mobile devices706,708and two propagation directions are described, multiple coupling points on the antenna array structure702may be utilized in a manner that facilitates generating LOS signal transmissions to multiple mobile devices located in the periphery of surface704.

Moreover, utilizing the first coupling point on the antenna array structure702in a receive mode, a data modulated MMW signal is received at a first propagation direction from mobile device708. Alternatively, by using another coupling point on the antenna array structure702, a data modulated MMW signal is received at a second propagation direction from mobile device706. Although for illustrative brevity only two mobile devices706,708and two propagation directions are described, multiple coupling points on the antenna array structure702may be utilized in a manner that facilitates receiving LOS signal transmissions from multiple mobile devices located in the periphery of surface704.

In a second mode of operation700B, the antenna array structure702may simultaneously direct LOS communications (i.e., broadcast) to multiple target devices. For example, as described in the foregoing, utilizing a first and a second coupling point on the antenna array structure702in a transmit mode, a data modulated MMW signal is transmitted at both a first and a second propagation direction to mobile devices706and708. Although for illustrative brevity only two mobile devices706,708and two propagation directions are described, multiple coupling points on the antenna array structure702may be utilized in a manner that facilitates generating LOS signal transmissions to multiple mobile devices located in the periphery of surface704.

Moreover, utilizing the first and the second coupling point on the antenna array structure702in a receive mode, a data modulated MMW signal is received at a first propagation direction from mobile device708, while alternatively, using the other coupling point on the antenna array structure702, a data modulated MMW signal is received at a second propagation direction from mobile device706. Although for illustrative brevity only two mobile devices706,708and two propagation directions are described, multiple coupling points on the antenna array structure702may be utilized in a manner that facilitates receiving LOS signal transmissions from multiple mobile devices located in the periphery of surface704.

FIG. 8shows a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system800operating as a transmitter, according to another alternative embodiment. The exemplary millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system800may include a MMW transmitter device802and an antenna array structure804. In the presented example, the antenna array structure804includes a grid antenna structure the same as, or similar to, grid antenna structure404depicted inFIG. 4. Moreover, the MMW transmitter device802includes multiple MMW transmitter devices802A,802B,802N that each have components that are identical to MMW transmitter device402depicted inFIG. 4.

As depicted inFIG. 8, the grid antenna structure804includes a plurality of loops820a-820k, whereby, as illustrated by the dashed lines DL1, any number of additional loop structures may be implemented between loops820b-820cand820i-820j. The grid antenna structure804also includes multiple antenna coupling points824,826,828, whereby at such points, radio signals are coupled to the grid antenna structure804for free-space propagation. As depicted, the antenna coupling points824,826,828are positioned at different locations on the grid antenna structure804. For example, antenna coupling point824is located on an outer radiator element r1of loop820a, while antenna coupling point828is located on an outer radiator element r2of loop820k. Further, antenna coupling point826is located at the intersection of radiator elements r3and r4corresponding to loops820band820c. Although the exemplary grid antenna structure804embodiment shows three coupling points824,826,828, any number of coupling points distributed at different locations (e.g., between dashed line DL1) may be provided for feeding a signal to the antenna structure804. In operation, receiving a data modulated signal at each coupling point generates a different radio propagation direction. As previously described, this in turn establishes the MMW system's800LOS communication requirements with other MMW devices.

In this alternative embodiment, each of MMW transmitter devices802a,802band802nis coupled to respective coupling point824,826, and828. More specifically, MMW transmitter device802A is coupled to coupling point824, MMW transmitter device802B is coupled to coupling point826, and MMW transmitter device802N is coupled to coupling point828. Thus, different data from different transmitter devices may be communicated over directional MMW channels to intended recipients.

Within MMW transmitter device802, MMW transmitter device802A may include baseband signal generator808A, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)810A, frequency mixer812A, and power amplifier device816a. Also, MMW transmitter device802B may include baseband signal generator808B, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)810B, frequency mixer812B, and power amplifier device816b. Similarly, MMW transmitter device802N may include baseband signal generator808N, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)810N, frequency mixer812N, and power amplifier device816n. Further, MMW transmitter device802also includes a bank of radio frequency (RF) switches819and a switch control unit823. Each of MMW transmitter devices802A,802b, and802N are coupled to respective coupling points824,826, and828via the bank of RF switches819, whereby the RF switches819are controlled by switch control unit823.

Within MMW transmitter device802A, baseband signal generator808A provides a source of data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) for radio transmission via the antenna array structure804. The baseband signal generator808A may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities for formatting the data or information prior to up-conversion and subsequent transmission. The millimeter-wave signal generator810A may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both the baseband signal generator808A and the millimeter-wave signal generator810A to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer812A, a first data modulated MMW signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer812A. The first data modulated MMW signal is received and amplified by power amplifier816a. The amplified first data modulated MMW signal at the output of the power amplifier816ais then received by the bank of radio frequency RF switches819coupled to the output of amplifier816a. Under the control of switch control unit823, the actuation of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches819determines which amplified data modulated MMW signal is coupled to a corresponding one of the coupling points824,826,828. For example, by actuating switch SW1of the bank of radio frequency RF switches819to a closed position, the amplified first data modulated MMW signal is coupled to coupling point824.

Within MMW transmitter device802B, baseband signal generator808B provides a source of data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) for radio transmission via the antenna array structure804. The baseband signal generator808B may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities for formatting the data or information prior to up-conversion and subsequent transmission. The millimeter-wave signal generator810B may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both the baseband signal generator808B and the millimeter-wave signal generator810B to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer812B, a second data modulated MMW signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer812B. The second data modulated MMW signal is received and amplified by power amplifier816b. The amplified second data modulated MMW signal at the output of the power amplifier816bis then received by the bank of radio frequency RF switches819coupled to the output of amplifier816b. Under the control of switch control unit823, the actuation of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches819determines which amplified data modulated MMW signal is coupled to a corresponding one of the coupling points824,826,828. For example, by actuating switch SW2of the bank of radio frequency RF switches819to a closed position, the amplified second data modulated MMW signal is coupled to coupling point826.

Within MMW transmitter device802N, baseband signal generator808N provides a source of data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) for radio transmission via the antenna array structure804. The baseband signal generator808N may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities for formatting the data or information prior to up-conversion and subsequent transmission. The millimeter-wave signal generator810N may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both the baseband signal generator808N and the millimeter-wave signal generator810N to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer812N, a third data modulated MMW signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer812N. The third data modulated MMW signal is received and amplified by power amplifier816n. The amplified third data modulated MMW signal at the output of the power amplifier816nis then received by the bank of radio frequency RF switches819coupled to the output of amplifier816n. Under the control of switch control unit823, the actuation of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches819determines which amplified data modulated MMW signal is coupled to a corresponding one of the coupling points824,826,828. For example, by actuating switch SWNof the bank of radio frequency RF switches819to a closed position, the amplified third data modulated MMW signal is coupled to coupling point828.

As depicted by dashed line DL2, any number of MMW transmitter devices may be coupled to any number of corresponding antenna coupling points. Thus, different sources of data can be directionally transmitted based on which coupling point is being utilized. For example, baseband signal generator808A may include data that is transmitted at a first propagation direction when coupled to coupling point824. Also, baseband signal generator808B may include data that is transmitted at a second propagation direction when coupled to coupling point826, while baseband signal generator808N may include data that is transmitted at a third propagation direction when coupled to coupling point828. In some implementations, the bank of radio frequency RF switches819may incorporate a switch fabric architecture, whereby the output of the amplifiers816a-816ncan be electrically connected to any one of the outputs Oa-On. For example, switch control unit823could connect the output of amplifier816ato output Oband thus coupling point826. Moreover, switch control unit823could alternatively connect the output of amplifier816ato output Onand thus coupling point828. Such a switch implementation thus provides each MMW transmitter device with the capability of directionally transmitting data to an intended recipient device. According to another implementation, the architecture depicted inFIG. 8may also facilitate multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication capabilities.

FIG. 9shows a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system900operating as a receiver, according to another alternative embodiment. The exemplary millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system900may include a MMW receiver device902and an antenna array structure904. In the presented example, the antenna array structure904includes a grid antenna structure the same as, or similar to, grid antenna structure504depicted inFIG. 5. Moreover, the MMW receiver device902includes multiple MMW receiver devices902A,902B,902N that each have components that are identical to MMW receiver device502depicted inFIG. 5.

Accordingly, as depicted inFIG. 9, the grid antenna structure904includes a plurality of loops920a-920k, whereby, as illustrated by the dashed lines DL1, any number of additional loop structures may be implemented between loops920b-920cand920i-920j. The grid antenna structure904also includes multiple antenna coupling points924,926,928, whereby at such points, radio signals are received by the grid antenna structure904during free-space radio signal reception. As depicted, the antenna coupling points924,926,928are positioned at different locations on the grid antenna structure904. For example, antenna coupling point924is located on an outer radiator element r′1of loop920a, while antenna coupling point928is located on an outer radiator element r′2of loop920k. Further, antenna coupling point926is located at the intersection of radiator elements r′3and r′4corresponding to loops920band920c. Although the exemplary grid antenna structure904embodiment shows three coupling points924,926,928, any number of coupling points distributed at different locations (e.g., between dashed line DL1) may be provided for feeding a signal to the antenna structure904. In operation, each coupling point receives a data modulated signal from a different radio propagation direction. As previously described, this in turn establishes the MMW system's900LOS communication requirements with other MMW devices.

In this alternative embodiment, each of MMW receiver devices902A,902B and902N is coupled to respective coupling point924,926, and928. More specifically, MMW receiver device902A is coupled to coupling point924, MMW receiver device902B is coupled to coupling point926, and MMW receiver device902N is coupled to coupling point928. Thus, data from different intended recipients may be received over directional MMW channels.

Within MMW receiver device902, MMW receiver device902A may include baseband signal receiver908A, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)910A, frequency mixer912A, and power amplifier device916a(e.g., low noise amplifier—LNA). Also, MMW receiver device902B may include baseband signal receiver908B, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)910B, frequency mixer912B, and power amplifier device916b(e.g., LNA). Similarly, MMW receiver device902N may include baseband signal receiver908N, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop —PLL)910N, frequency mixer912N, and power amplifier device916n(e.g., LNA). Further, MMW receiver device902also includes a bank of radio frequency (RF) switches919and a switch control unit823. Each of coupling points924,926, and928are coupled to respective MMW receiver devices902A,902b, and902N via the bank of RF switches919, whereby the RF switches919are controlled by switch control unit823.

Within MMW receiver device902A, baseband signal receiver908A processes (e.g., demodulation, error correction, clock extraction, etc.) data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) that is received via the antenna array structure904. The baseband signal receiver908A may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities following the down-conversion of a received MMW radio signal by mixer912A. The millimeter-wave signal generator910A may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both the power amplifier916aand the millimeter-wave signal generator910A to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer912A, a first down converted data modulated signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer912A.

Also, for MMW receiver device902B, baseband signal receiver908B processes (e.g., demodulation, error correction, clock extraction, etc.) data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) that is received via the antenna array structure904. The baseband signal receiver908B may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities following the down-conversion of a received MMW radio signal by mixer912B. The millimeter-wave signal generator910B may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both power amplifier916band millimeter-wave signal generator910B to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer912B, a second down converted data modulated signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer912B.

Similarly, for MMW receiver device902N, baseband signal receiver908N also processes (e.g., demodulation, error correction, clock extraction, etc.) data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) that is received via the antenna array structure904. The baseband signal receiver908N may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities following the down-conversion of a received MMW radio signal by mixer912N. The millimeter-wave signal generator910N may further include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. By applying the output signals from both power amplifier916nand millimeter-wave signal generator910N to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer912N, a third down converted data modulated signal is generated at the output (c) of the frequency mixer912N.

Under the control of switch control unit923, the actuation of the switches SW1-SWNwithin the bank of radio frequency RF switches919determines which data modulated MMW radio signals are received at a corresponding one of the MMW receiver devices902A,902B,902N. For example, by actuating switch SW1of the bank of radio frequency RF switches919to a closed position, a first data modulated MMW radio signal from a first propagation direction is coupled from coupling point924to MMW receiver devices902A. Alternatively, by actuating switch SW2of the bank of radio frequency RF switches919to a closed position, a second data modulated MMW radio signal from a second propagation direction is coupled from coupling point926to MMW receiver devices902B. Further, by actuating switch SWNof the bank of radio frequency RF switches819to a closed position, a third data modulated MMW radio signal from a third propagation direction is coupled from coupling point828to MMW receiver devices902N.

As depicted by dashed line DL2, any number of MMW receiver devices may be coupled to any number of corresponding antenna coupling points. Thus, different MMW radio signals can be directionally received based on which coupling point is being utilized. For example, baseband signal receiver908A may receive data that is transmitted from a first propagation direction via coupling point924. Also, baseband signal receiver908B may receive data that is transmitted from a second propagation direction via coupling point926, while baseband signal receiver908N may receive data that is transmitted from a third propagation direction via coupling point928. In some implementations, the bank of radio frequency RF switches919may incorporate a switch fabric architecture, whereby any one of the inputs Ia-Incan be electrically connected to the input of the amplifiers916a-916n. For example, switch control unit923could connect input Iband thus coupling point926to the input of amplifier916a. Moreover, switch control unit923could alternatively connect input Iband thus coupling point926to the input of amplifier916n. Such a switch implementation thus provides each MMW receiver device with the capability of directionally receiving data from an intended recipient device. According to another implementation, the architecture depicted inFIG. 9may also facilitate multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication capabilities.

It may be appreciated that while MMW radio signals propagating from multiple directions are received at each coupling point associated with the antenna array structure, sufficient signal strength for MMW receiver detection is based on each coupling point's sensitivity to a particular signal propagation direction. As such, although several radio signals from different directions may be incident at a given coupling point, one of the several radio signals received from a particular direction will be detectable.

In the embodiments depicted inFIGS. 8 and 9, the position of the bank of radio frequency RF switches is functionally represented. Preferably, inFIG. 8, the bank of radio frequency RF switches819can be positioned before the amplifiers816a-816n. InFIG. 9, preferably, the bank of RF switches919may be located following the output of amplifiers916a-916n.

FIG. 10shows a millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system1000operating as a transceiver, according to another embodiment. The exemplary millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system1000may include a MMW transceiver device1002and an antenna array structure1004. In the presented example, the antenna array structure1004includes a grid antenna structure that is the same as, or similar to, the grid antenna structure depicted inFIG. 6. Moreover, the MMW transceiver device1002includes multiple MMW transceiver devices1002A,1002B,1002N that each have components that are identical to MMW transceiver device602depicted inFIG. 6. MMW transceiver device1002may further include a switch control unit1023.

MMW transceiver device1002A may include a baseband signal receiver/generator1008A, a millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)1010A, a frequency mixer1012A, power amplifier devices1016aand1017a, and radio frequency (RF) switch SW″1. Accordingly, MMW transceiver device1002B may include baseband signal receiver/generator1008B, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)1010B, frequency mixer1012B, power amplifier devices1016band1017b, and radio frequency (RF) switch SW″2. Similarly, MMW transceiver device1002N may include baseband signal receiver/generator1008N, millimeter-wave signal generator (e.g., a phase locked loop—PLL)1010N, frequency mixer1012N, power amplifier devices1016nand1017n, and radio frequency (RF) switch SW″n.

The MMW transceiver device1002combines the operation of both the MMW transmitter device802ofFIG. 8and the MMW receiver device902ofFIG. 9. Further the antenna array structure1004is also identical to both the antenna structure804ofFIG. 8and the antenna structure904ofFIG. 9.

In particular, in a transmit mode of operation, each of the baseband signal receivers/generators1008A,1008B,1008N provide a source of data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) for radio transmission via the antenna array structure1004. The baseband signal receivers/generators1008A,1008B,1008N may include various digital/analog signal processing capabilities for formatting the data or information prior to up-conversion and subsequent transmission. Alternatively, in a receive mode of operation, the baseband signal receivers/generators1008A,1008B,1008N process (e.g., demodulation, error correction, clock extraction, etc.) data (e.g., a High-Definition Video Streaming Service) that is received via the antenna array structure1004.

Within MMW transceiver1002A, the millimeter-wave signal generator1010A may include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. In a transmit mode of operation, by applying the output signals from both the baseband signal receiver/generator1008A and the millimeter-wave signal generator1010A to the inputs (a, b) of the frequency mixer1012A, a first data modulated MMW signal is generated at output (c) of the frequency mixer1012A. In a receive mode of operation, by applying the output signal from the power amplifier1017aand the millimeter-wave signal generator1010A to the inputs (b, c) of the frequency mixer1012A, a first down converted data modulated signal is generated at output (b) of the frequency mixer1012A. Accordingly, the mixer input/output terminals are described from the perspective of whether signals are being up-converted (Txmode) or down-converted (Rxmode) by the mixer1012A.

Within MMW transceiver1002B, millimeter-wave signal generator1010B may include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. In a transmit mode of operation, by applying the output signals from both baseband signal receiver/generator1008B and millimeter-wave signal generator1010B to the inputs (a, b) of frequency mixer1012B, a second data modulated MMW signal is generated at output (c) of the frequency mixer1012B. In a receive mode of operation, by applying the output signal from power amplifier1017band millimeter-wave signal generator1010B to the inputs (b, c) of frequency mixer1012B, a second down converted data modulated signal is generated at output (b) of the frequency mixer1012B. Accordingly, the mixer input/output terminals are described from the perspective of whether signals are being up-converted (Txmode) or down-converted (Rxmode) by the mixer1012B.

Similarly, within MMW transceiver1002N, millimeter-wave signal generator1010N may include a tunable PLL MMW signal generator capable of generating signals within, for example, a millimeter-wave band of 57-66 GHz. In a transmit mode of operation, by applying the output signals from both baseband signal receiver/generator1008N and millimeter-wave signal generator1010N to the inputs (a, b) of frequency mixer1012N, a third data modulated MMW signal is generated at output (c) of the frequency mixer1012N. In a receive mode of operation, by applying the output signal from power amplifier1017nand millimeter-wave signal generator1010N to the inputs (b, c) of frequency mixer1012N, a third down converted data modulated signal is generated at output (b) of the frequency mixer1012N. Accordingly, the mixer input/output terminals are described from the perspective of whether signals are being up-converted (Txmode) or down-converted (Rxmode) by the mixer1012N.

In the transmit mode, data that is to be transmitted is up-converted to a MMW carrier frequency, amplified, and radio transmitted via the antenna array structure. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 10, each of the MMW transceiver devices1002A-1002N within MMW transceiver device1002can generate different MMW data (e.g., different services) signals for radio transmission to different directions based on which coupling points these MMW data signals are applied to.

For example, data (e.g., service A—streaming music) that is generated by baseband signal receiver/generator1008A is up-converted to a MMW carrier frequency using mixer1012A and millimeter-wave signal generator1010A. This first up-converted MMW data signal is thus amplified and coupled to coupling point1024based on the switch control unit1023actuating switch SW″1to position ‘a’. At the coupling point1024, the antenna array structure1004radio transmits the first up-converted MMW data along a first propagation direction. Also, data (e.g., service B—streaming video) that is generated by baseband signal receiver/generator1008B is up-converted to a MMW carrier frequency using mixer1012B and millimeter-wave signal generator1010B. This second up-converted MMW data signal is thus amplified and coupled to coupling point1026based on the switch control unit1023actuating switch SW″2to position ‘a’. At the coupling point1026, the antenna array structure1004radio transmits the second up-converted MMW data along a second propagation direction. Similarly, data (e.g., service C—storage data) that is generated by baseband signal receiver/generator1008N is up-converted to a MMW carrier frequency using mixer1012N and millimeter-wave signal generator1010N. This third up-converted MMW data signal is thus amplified and coupled to coupling point1028based on the switch control unit1023actuating switch SW″Nto position ‘a’. At the coupling point1028, the antenna array structure1004radio transmits the third up-converted MMW data along a third propagation direction.

In the receive mode, a MMW radio signal that is received via the antenna array structure is pre-amplified, down-converted to a baseband frequency, and demodulated to retrieve the data. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 10, each of the MMW transceiver devices1002A-1002N within MMW transceiver device1002can receive different MMW radio (e.g., different services) signals received from different directions based on which coupling points these MMW radio signals are received at.

For example, a first MMW radio signal is received at coupling point1024from a first propagation direction. Based on the switch control unit1023actuating switch SW″1to position ‘b’, the received first MMW radio signal is amplified by power amplifier1017a. Using the millimeter-wave signal generator1010A and frequency mixer1012A, the amplified first MMW radio signal is then down-converted to a baseband frequency for demodulation and processing by the baseband signal receiver/generator1008A in order to extract the data (e.g., service A—streaming music). Also, a second MMW radio signal is received at coupling point1026from a second propagation direction. Based on the switch control unit1023actuating switch SW″2to position ‘b’, the received second MMW radio signal is amplified by power amplifier1017b. Using the millimeter-wave signal generator1010B and frequency mixer1012B, the amplified second MMW radio signal is then down-converted to a baseband frequency for demodulation and processing by baseband signal receiver/generator1008B in order to extract the data (e.g., service B—streaming video). Similarly, a third MMW radio signal is received at coupling point1028from a third propagation direction. Based on the switch control unit1023actuating switch SW″Nto position ‘b’, the received third MMW radio signal is amplified by power amplifier1017n. Using the millimeter-wave signal generator1010N and frequency mixer1012N, the amplified third MMW radio signal is then down-converted to a baseband frequency for demodulation and processing by baseband signal receiver/generator1008N in order to extract the data (e.g., service C—storage data).

FIG. 11shows operational modes associated with the millimeter-wave (MMW) communication systems ofFIGS. 8-10, according to one embodiment. As depicted, an antenna array structure1102may be located on a surface1104of, for example, a table, a mobile device (e.g., smartphone) display or housing, or other device surface. The antenna array structure1102may also be coupled to any communication device identical to, or similar to, those depicted and described in relation toFIGS. 8-10. Moreover, the antenna array structure1102may communicate with mobile devices1106and1108, whereby each of the mobile devices1106,1108include an identical or similar communication system to those depicted and described in relation to the MMW systems ofFIGS. 8-10.

In one mode of operation1100, the antenna array structure1102may concurrently direct LOS communications to multiple target devices. For example, as described in the foregoing, utilizing a first coupling point on the antenna array structure1102in a transmit mode, a data modulated MMW signal carrying a data service (e.g., data service A: video conference data) is transmitted via one transceiver device at a first propagation direction to mobile device1108. Concurrently or alternatively, by using another coupling point on the antenna array structure1102, a data modulated MMW signal carrying another data service (e.g., data service B: image data files) is transmitted via another transceiver device at a second propagation direction to mobile device1106. Although for illustrative brevity only two mobile devices1106,1108and two propagation directions are described, multiple coupling points on the antenna array structure1102may be utilized in a manner that facilitates generating concurrent (i.e., from two or more transceiver devices) or alternative (i.e., from one transceiver device) LOS signal transmissions corresponding to different data services to multiple mobile devices located in the periphery of surface1104.

Moreover, utilizing the first coupling point on the antenna array structure1102in a receive mode, a data modulated MMW signal generated by mobile device1108is received at a transceiver device from a first propagation direction. Alternatively or concurrently, by using another coupling point on the antenna array structure1102, another data modulated MMW signal generated by mobile device1106is received at another transceiver device from a second propagation direction. Although for illustrative brevity only two mobile devices1106,1108and two propagation directions are described, multiple coupling points on the antenna array structure1102may be utilized in a manner that facilitates concurrently (i.e., at two or more transceiver devices) or alternatively (i.e., at one transceiver device) receiving LOS signal transmissions from multiple mobile devices located in the periphery of surface1104.

As described above, different data (i.e., different data services) may be communicated between mobile devices1106,1108. As such, in one mode, different data services may be simultaneously communicated (i.e., transmitted or received) in different radio propagation directions to separate mobile devices that are at two different spatial locations. According to another mode, however, different data services may be communicated (i.e., transmitted or received) in different radio propagation directions to separate mobile devices that are at two different spatial locations during different time periods. For example, data (e.g., data service A) may first be directionally communicated (i.e., transmitted or received)1112to mobile device1106during time interval T1, while data (e.g., data service B) may be directionally radio communicated (i.e., transmitted or received)1114to mobile device1108during a later time interval T2, which follows T1.

FIG. 12shows implementation aspects for MMW communication systems, according to different embodiments. In a first exemplary embodiment, MMW communication system1200is disposed on a substrate1202. The MMW communication system1200includes a MMW communications device1204packaged as a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and an antenna array structure1206that is coupled to the communications device1204. The MMW communications device1204may be a MMW transmitter device, a MMW receiver device, or a MMW transceiver device identical to, or similar to, those described in relation toFIGS. 4-7 and 8-10. The substrate1202may include a system board (i.e., multilayer circuit board), a 3D chip integration coupled to one or more ICs (not shown), a device housing, a smart table (i.e., conference room table—see example shown inFIG. 13), or generally, any surface that can be used to integrate an antenna array structure and MMW communication device. As depicted, the communications device1204is connected to the coupling point1214of antenna array structure1206via antenna feed1210and probe1212. Moreover, a ground plane1220is located between the antenna feed1210and the antenna array structure1206disposed on the surface S of the substrate1202. Thus, the ground plane1210provides noise shielding to the antenna array structure1206. As further depicted, the MMW communication device1204is located within a top surface cavity1222of the substrate1202.

Still referring toFIG. 12, according to a second exemplary embodiment, MMW communication system1250is disposed on a substrate1252. The MMW communication system1250includes a MMW communications device1254packaged as a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) and an antenna array structure1256that is coupled to the communications device1254. The MMW communications device1254may be a MMW transmitter device, a MMW receiver device, or a MMW transceiver device identical to, or similar to, those described in relation toFIGS. 4-7 and 8-10. The substrate1252may include a system board (i.e., multilayer circuit board), a 3D chip integration coupled to one or more ICs (not shown), a device housing, a smart table (i.e., conference room table—see example shown inFIG. 13), or generally, any surface that can be used to integrate an antenna array structure and MMW communication device. As depicted, the communications device1254is connected to the coupling point1264of antenna array structure1256via antenna feed1260and probe1262. Moreover, a ground plane1270is located between the antenna feed1260and the antenna array structure1256disposed on the surface S′ of the substrate1252. As depicted, the ground plane1270further extends over the MMW communications device1254. As further depicted, the MMW communication device1254is located within a bottom surface cavity1272of the substrate1252. Thus, housing the MMW communication device1204within the bottom surface cavity1272of the substrate1252facilitates extending the ground plane1270to provide noise shielding to not only the antenna array structure1256, but also the MMW communications device1254.

FIG. 13shows a connection implementation1300between a bank of RF switches that couples signals generated by a MMW communication device to an antenna array structure, according to one embodiment. For example, the connection implementation1300may be utilized with respect to any one of the MMW communication systems corresponding toFIGS. 4-6 and 8-10. More specifically, referring toFIG. 4, according to one example, connection implementation1300may be utilized to connect switch bank419to coupling points424-428.

As depicted inFIG. 13, a bank of RF switches1302is connected to antenna array structure1304via antenna feeds1304aand1304b, and respective probes1306aand1306b. For example, the bank of RF switches1302may include switches such as SW1and SW2. The probes1306a,1306bare coupled to coupling points1310and1312through openings ‘A’ and ‘B’ of ground plane1315. The length of the antenna feeds1304a,1304bbetween the bank of RF switches1302and the probes1306a,1306bare selected to be multiples of the effective substrate (S) half wavelength of the carrier frequency (e.g., 60 GHz) being transmitted by the antenna array structure1304. In particular, the length of the antenna feed1304abetween switch SW1of the RF switches1302and probe1306ais selected to be a multiple of the effective substrate half wavelength of the carrier frequency (e.g., 60 GHz). Also, the length of the antenna feed1304bbetween switch SW2of the RF switches1302and probe1306bis selected to be a multiple of the effective substrate half wavelength of the carrier frequency (e.g., 60 GHz). Thus, the length of antenna feed1304ais nλ/2, where λ is the effective substrate half wavelength of the carrier frequency (e.g., 60 GHz) and ‘n’ is an integer value. Further, the length of antenna feed1304bis mλ/2, where λ is the effective substrate wavelength of the carrier frequency (e.g., 60 GHz) and ‘m’ is an integer value. In the described implementation, the multiple of half wavelengths (mλ/2, nλ/2) associated with the length of the antenna feeds1304a,1304benables the integration of the bank of RF switches1302within the MMW communication device. In the depicted implementation, when a switch within the bank of RF switches1302is in an off state, the antenna needs to see an open circuit (high impedance) at the antenna coupling point. This is achieved by establishing the antenna feed length to be a multiple of half wavelengths (mλ/2, nλ/2). Further, ‘m’ and ‘n’ can either be identical or have different values.

In other implementations, however, signals to the antenna array structure1304may be controlled without the use of the bank of RF switches1302. In such an embodiment, for example, application of a signal to a particular coupling point associated with the antenna array structure1304may be turned OFF or ON by controlling the power that is provided to the amplifier device driving the feed that sends the signal to the particular coupling point.

FIG. 14shows an example application1400of a MMW communication system, according to one embodiment. In particular, the MMW communication system may be incorporated into a conference room table1402(i.e., a smart table type design), or any other platform. The table may include antenna array structures1404,1406, a smart phone charger station1408, other functional features (e.g., projector screen controller, in-built WiFi, etc.)1410, and peripheral connectors1412(e.g., power outlets, USB1connector, USB2connection, etc.). One communication system CS1includes a MMW communication device1415(e.g., transceiver) that is embedded within the table1402and coupled to antenna array structures1404, while another communication system CS2includes a MMW communication device1418(e.g., transceiver) that is also embedded within the table1402and coupled to antenna array structures1406. Although the antenna array structures1404,1406may be identical to, or similar to, the antenna array structure ofFIG. 1, any one or more of the antenna array structures depicted inFIGS. 2 and 3may be utilized.

The antenna array structures1404,1406may be formed on the top surface of the table, while their respective MMW communication devices1415,1418may be located, for example, within a cavity formed within the table1402. Based on application, MMW communication devices1415and1418include any of the devices corresponding toFIGS. 4-6 and 8-10. For example, MMW communication devices1415and1418may each be identical to MMW transceiver device602ofFIG. 6. Similarly, a mobile device1420(e.g., smart phone) located on the charger station1408may also include a MMW communication system identical to, or similar to, those depicted inFIGS. 4-6 and 8-10. For example, the mobile device1420(e.g., smart phone) may include a transceiver device and antenna array structure identical to the MMW transceiver device602and antenna array structure604ofFIG. 6. Thus, directional LOS MMW radio communications may be exchanged between the mobile device1420and communication system CS1.

Still referring toFIG. 14, according to another exemplary operational example, computers1425and1435may exchange large amounts of data via MMW communication system CS1and CS2. According to one example, computer1425desires to exchange a large volume of stored data files with mobile device1420. As such, computer1425sends data (TxD1) to MMW communication system CS1via USB connector USB1. The data is then received and radio transmitted at a MMW frequency by MMW communication system CS1to mobile device1420, as indicated by RxD1. According to another example, mobile device1420desires to exchange a large volume of stored data files with computer1435. As such, mobile device1420transmits data (TxD2) at a MMW frequency (e.g., 60 GHz) to MMW communication system CS2. MMW communication system CS2then receives and forwards the data to computer1435via USB connector USB2, as indicated by RxD2.

The MMW communication systems of the embodiments described herein allow for large amounts of data to be radio transmitted at MMW frequencies in a single transmission, which in turn significantly reduces data transfer times as a result providing high-data-capacity links. Additionally, the MMW communication systems can dynamically steer the LOS communications directionally in order to, among other things, maximize signal reception (i.e., increased signal-to-noise ratio) at an intended communication device (e.g., computer, mobile device, etc.). For example, MMW communication system CS2can transmit data to mobile device1420along a first propagation direction using antenna array structure1406. However, MMW communication system CS2can either simultaneously or alternative transmit the same or different data to mobile device1450along a second propagation direction using antenna array structure1406.

In the present disclosure, the term power amplifier means any device or chain of devices that amplifies signals prior to radio transmission (i.e., at a transmitter) or following radio signal reception (i.e., at a receiver). For a receiver, the power amplifier can include a low noise amplifier (LNA), while for a transmitter, a power amplifier (PA) is an amplification device used to boost high S/N ratio signals prior to radio transmission.

FIG. 15shows an exemplary process1500(i.e., a Communication Switch Control (CSC) Program) for controlling the switches associated with the MMW communication systems corresponding toFIGS. 4-6 and 8-10, according to one embodiment. Process1500may be implemented as software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.FIG. 15will be described with the aid of the MMW communication system600depicted inFIG. 6. It may also be appreciated that in an alternative embodiment, process1500has the capability of controlling the application of power to the various power amplifier components in order to control whether signals are coupled to or received from the antenna structure.

At1502, information regarding the intended communicating parties are received. For example, switch control unit623may receive information that the intended communicating parties are recipients ‘A’ and ‘B’ (seeFIG. 1). At1504, it is determined whether communications with one or more of the intended recipients (A & B) will be a transmission or receive operation. For example, at1504, it is determined whether communications with MMW communication system600be a MMW signal reception or a transmission of a MMW radio signal.

Once it is determined that the MMW communication system600will operate in a transmit mode (1504), at1506it is further established whether the transmission will be directed to a single intended recipient or a broadcast to all recipients. For example, a determination will be made as to whether the MMW communication system600will transmit a MMW radio signal to recipient A or B, or whether a MMW radio signal is to be broadcast to both recipients A and B.

If the transmission is a broadcast, at1508all relevant switches are actuated to enable sending the data modulated MMW signals to all the required antenna feeds and coupling points on the antenna array structure. For example, within MMW communication system600, switches SW′1and SW′2are actuated by the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602. This enables data modulated MMW signals to be sent to coupling points624and626of the antenna array structure604for broadcasting to multiple recipients such as recipients A and B.

If the transmission is not a broadcast, at1510a predetermined switch is actuated to enable sending a data modulated MMW signal to a required antenna feed and coupling point on the antenna array structure. For example, within MMW communication system600, switch SW′1or SW′2is actuated by the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602. This enables the data modulated MMW signal to be sent to either coupling point624or626of the antenna array structure604. Thus, depending on the coupling point624,626utilized, the data modulated MMW signal is directionally sent to either recipient A or B.

At1512, the signal strength and continuity of the signal strength is processed in order to determine whether the actuation of one or more of the switches should be changed to establish a more accurate LOS communication path. For example, switch SW′1may be actuated (e.g., SW′1=CLOSED) by the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602in order to establish a LOS communication path to recipient A. If recipient A fails to acknowledge initial receipt of the transmission from MMW transceiver602within a predefined time period and/or number of transmission tries, the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602changes the switch actuation configuration (e.g., SW′1=OPEN; SW′2=CLOSED) to send the transmission along another LOS communication path. In this exemplary scenario, recipient A may have changed its position. Thus, using different switch configurations, the position of an intended recipient may be determined based on eventually receiving an acknowledgement from the recipient (e.g., recipient A) and measuring the received signal strength.

If, however, it is determined that the MMW communication system600will operate in a receive mode (1504), at1514it is further established whether the signal reception will be from a single intended recipient or a broadcasted signal. For example, a determination will be made as to whether the MMW communication system600will receive a MMW radio signal from transmitting party A or B (seeFIG. 1), or whether a received MMW radio signal is to be broadcast from transmitting party A or B.

If the intended reception is from a broadcast, at1516all relevant switches are actuated to enable receiving the broadcast data modulated MMW signal at all the required antenna feeds and coupling points on the antenna array structure. For example, within MMW communication system600, switches SW′1and SW′2are actuated by the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602. This enables the received data modulated MMW signal to be received at coupling points624and626of the antenna array structure604based on the broadcast from either transmitting party A or B.

If the signal reception is not a broadcast, at1518a predetermined switch is actuated to enable receiving a data modulated MMW signal at a required antenna feed and coupling point on the antenna array structure. For example, within MMW communication system600, switch SW′1or SW′2is actuated by the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602. This enables the data modulated MMW signal to be received to either coupling point624or626of the antenna array structure604. Thus, depending on the coupling point624,626utilized, the data modulated MMW signal is directionally received from either transmitting party A or B. More specifically, for example, actuating switch SW′1enables the data modulated MMW signal to be received at coupling point624of the antenna array structure604, while actuating switch SW′2enables the data modulated MMW signal to be received at coupling point626of the antenna array structure604.

At1520, the signal strength and continuity of the signal strength is processed in order to determine whether the actuation of one or more of the switches should be changed to establish a more accurate LOS communication path. For example, switch SW′1may be actuated (e.g., SW′1=CLOSED) by the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602in order to establish a LOS communication path from transmitting party A. If a transmission from transmitting party A is not received by MMW transceiver602within a predefined time period and/or number of transmission tries, the switch control unit623of MMW transceiver602changes the switch actuation configuration (e.g., SW′1=OPEN; SW′2=CLOSED) to establish signal reception along another LOS communication path. In this exemplary scenario, transmitting party A may have changed its position. Thus, using different switch configurations, the position of a communicating transmitting party may be determined based on eventually receiving the data modulated MMW signal from the transmitting party (e.g., transmitting party A) at a particular signal strength. In one implementation, based on the received signal being above a certain predetermined threshold, it is determined that the transmitting party is at a particular location.

Within each of the exemplary MMW communication system embodiments described above, the transmitter, receiver, or transceiver devices may alternatively not include any baseband signal source and/or receiver devices (e.g.,FIG. 4:408,FIG. 5:508, etc.), and thus, include MMW signal generators (e.g.,FIG. 4:410,FIG. 5:510, etc.), mixers (e.g.,FIG. 4:412,FIG. 5:512, etc.), amplifiers (e.g.,FIG. 4:416a-n,FIG. 5:516a-n, etc.), and in some instances, power-splitter/combiners (e.g.,FIG. 4:414,FIG. 5:514, etc.). In such embodiments, data to be transmitted, or data to be received and processed, may be provided from another device (i.e., located either remotely or in proximity).

FIG. 16shows a block diagram of the components of a data processing system1800,1900, that may be incorporated within switch control units423,523,623,823,923, or1023(FIGS. 4-6 & 8-10) in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated thatFIG. 16provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements.

Data processing system1800,1900is representative of any electronic device capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. Data processing system1800,1900may be representative of a smart phone, a computer system, PDA, or other electronic devices. Examples of computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may represented by data processing system1800,1900include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices.

The data processing system1800,1900may include a set of internal components800and a set of external components1900illustrated inFIG. 16. The set of internal components800includes one or more processors1820, one or more computer-readable RAMs1822and one or more computer-readable ROMs1824on one or more buses1826, and one or more operating systems1828and one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices1830. The one or more operating systems1828and programs such as Communication Switch Control (CSC) Program1600(also seeFIG. 15) is stored on one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices1830for execution by one or more processors1820via one or more RAMs1822(which typically include cache memory). In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 16, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices1830is a magnetic disk storage device of an internal hard drive. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices1830is a semiconductor storage device such as ROM1824, EPROM, flash memory or any other computer-readable tangible storage device that can store a computer program and digital information.

The set of internal components1800also includes a R/W drive or interface1832to read from and write to one or more portable computer-readable tangible storage devices1936such as a CD-ROM, DVD, memory stick, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk or semiconductor storage device. The CSC program1600can be stored on one or more of the respective portable computer-readable tangible storage devices1936, read via the respective R/W drive or interface1832and loaded into the respective hard drive1830.

The set of internal components1800may also include network adapters (or switch port cards) or interfaces836such as a TCP/IP adapter cards, wireless wi-fi interface cards, or 3G or 4G wireless interface cards or other wired or wireless communication links. CSC program1600can be downloaded from an external computer (e.g., server) via a network (for example, the Internet, a local area network or other, wide area network) and respective network adapters or interfaces1836. From the network adapters (or switch port adaptors) or interfaces1836, the CSC program1600is loaded into the respective hard drive1830. The network may comprise copper wires, optical fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers.

The set of external components1900can include a computer display monitor1920, a keyboard1930, and a computer mouse1934. External component1900can also include touch screens, virtual keyboards, touch pads, pointing devices, and other human interface devices. The set of internal components1800also includes device drivers1840to interface to computer display monitor1920, keyboard1930and computer mouse1934. The device drivers1840, R/W drive or interface1832and network adapter or interface1836comprise hardware and software (stored in storage device1830and/or ROM1824).