THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE

This disclosure relates to compounds and methods of using said compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, for treating diseases and conditions mediated by TEAD, such as cancer.

SUBMISSION OF ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING

The content of the electronic sequence listing (146392059001seglist.xml; Size: 20,029 bytes; and Date of Creation: Feb. 13, 2025) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to compounds useful for therapy and/or prophylaxis in a mammal, and in particular as inhibitors of TEAD useful for treating cancer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

The Hippo pathway is a signaling pathway that regulates cell proliferation and cell death and determines organ size. The pathway is believed to play a role as a tumor suppressor in mammals, and disorders of the pathway are often detected in human cancers. The pathway is involved in and/or may regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and progenitor cells. In addition, the Hippo pathway may be involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it is believed that as the Hippo pathway cross-talks with other signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and MAPK/ERK, it may influence a wide variety of biological events, and that its dysfunction could be involved in many human diseases in addition to cancer. For reviews, see, for example, Halder et al., 2011, Development 138:9-22; Zhao et al., 2011, Nature Cell Biology 13:877-883; Bao et al., 2011, J. Biochem. 149:361-379; Zhao at al., 2010, J. Cell Sci. 123:4001-4006.

The Hippo signaling pathway is conserved from drosophila to mammals (Vassilev et al., Genes and Development, 2001, 15, 1229-1241; Zeng and Hong, Cancer Cell, 2008, 13, 188-192). The core of the pathway consists of a cascade of kinases (Hippo-MST1-2 being upstream of Lats 1-2 and NDRI-2) leading to the phosphorylation of two transcriptional co-activators, YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) and TAZ (Transcription co-activator with PDZ binding motif or tafazzin; Zhao et al., Cancer Res., 2009, 69, 1089-1098; Lei et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 2008, 28, 2426-2436).

Because the Hippo signaling pathway is a regulator of animal development, organ size control and stem cell regulation, it has been implicated in cancer development (Review in Harvey et al., Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2013, 13, 246-257; Zhao et al., Genes Dev. 2010, 24, 862-874). In vitro, the overexpression of YAP or TAZ in mammary epithelial cells induces cell transformation, through interaction of both proteins with the TEAD family of transcription factors. Increased YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity induces oncogenic properties such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and was also shown to confer stem cells properties to breast cancer cells. In vivo, in mouse liver, the overexpression of YAP or the genetic knockout of its upstream regulators MST1-2 triggers the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Furthermore, when the tumor suppressor NF2 is inactivated in the mouse liver, the development of hepatocellular carcinomas can be blocked completely by the co-inactivation of YAP.

Two of the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway are Lats1 and Lats2, which are nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family protein kinases homologous to Drosophila Warts (Wts). The Lats1/2 proteins are activated by association with the scaffold proteins Mob1A/B (Mps one binder kinase activator-like 1A and 1B), which are homologous to Drosophila Mats. Lats1/2 proteins are also activated by phosphorylation by the STE20 family protein kinases Mst1 and Mst2, which are homologous to Drosophila Hippo. Lats1/2 kinases phosphorylate the downstream effectors YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif; WWTR1), which are homologous to Drosophila Yorkie. The phosphorylation of YAP and TAZ by Lats1/2 are crucial events within the Hippo signaling pathway. Lats1/2 phosphorylates YAP at multiple sites, but phosphorylation of Ser127 is critical for YAP inhibition. Phosphorylation of YAP generates a protein-binding motif for the 14-3-3 family of proteins, which upon binding of a 14-3-3 protein, leads to retention and/or sequestration of YAP in the cell cytoplasm. Likewise, Lats1/2 phosphorylates TAZ at multiple sites, but phosphorylation of Ser89 is critical for TAZ inhibition. Phosphorylation of TAZ leads to retention and/or sequestration of TAZ in the cell cytoplasm. In addition, phosphorylation of YAP and TAZ is believed to destabilize these proteins by activating phosphorylation-dependent degradation catalyzed by YAP or TAZ ubiquitination. Thus, when the Hippo pathway is “on”, YAP and/or TAZ is phosphorylated, inactive, and generally sequestered in the cytoplasm; in contrast, when the Hippo pathway is “off”, YAP and/or TAZ is non-phosphorylated, active, and generally found in the nucleus.

Non-phosphorylated, activated YAP is translocated into the cell nucleus where its major target transcription factors are the four proteins of the TEAD-domain-containing family (TEAD1-TEAD4, collectively “TEAD”). YAP together with TEAD (or other transcription factors such as Smad1, RUNX, ErbB4 and p73) has been shown to induce the expression of a variety of genes, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Gli2, Birc5, Birc2, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), and amphiregulin (AREG). Like YAP, non-phosphorylated TAZ is translocated into the cell nucleus where it interacts with multiple DNA-binding transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), Pax3, TBX5, RUNX, TEAD1 and Smad2/3/4. Many of the genes activated by YAP/TAZ-transcription factor complexes mediate cell survival and proliferation. Therefore, under some conditions YAP and/or TAZ acts as an oncogene and the Hippo pathway acts as a tumor suppressor. Hence, pharmacological targeting of the Hippo cascade through inhibition of TEAD would be valuable approach for the treatment of cancers that harbor functional alterations of this pathway.

Ras is a small GTP-binding protein that functions as a nucleotide-dependent switch for central growth signaling pathways. In response to extracellular signals, Ras is converted from a GDP-bound (RasGDP) to a GTP-bound (RasGTP) state, as catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), notably the SOS1 protein. Active RasGTP mediates its diverse growth-stimulating functions through its direct interactions with effectors including Raf, PI3K, and Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. The intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras then hydrolyzes GTP to GDP to terminate Ras signaling. The Ras GTPase activity can be further accelerated by its interactions with GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), including the neurofibromin 1 tumor suppressor.

Mutant Ras has a reduced GTPase activity, which prolongs its activated conformation, thereby promoting Ras-dependent signaling and cancer cell survival or growth. Mutation in Ras which affects its ability to interact with GAP or to convert GTP back to GDP will result in a prolonged activation of the protein and consequently a prolonged signal to the cell telling it to continue to grow and divide. Because these signals result in cell growth and division, overactive RAS signaling may ultimately lead to cancer. Mutations in any one of the three main isoforms of RAS (H-Ras, N-Ras, or K-Ras) genes are common events in human tumorigenesis. Among the three Ras isoforms (K, N, and H), K-Ras is most frequently mutated.

The most common K-Ras (or KRAS) mutations are found at residue G12 and G13 in the P-loop and at residue Q61. G12C is a frequent mutation of K-Ras gene (glycine-12 to cysteine). G12C is a single point mutation with a glycine-to-cysteine substitution at codon 12. This substitution favors the activated state of KRAS, amplifying signaling pathways that lead to oncogenesis (see, e.g., Hallin et al. (Cancer Discov, 2020, 10(1): 54-71), Skoulidis et al. (N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 384(25): 2371-2381), and Hong et al. (N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 383(13): 1207-1217)). G12D, G12V, and G13D are other frequent mutations. Mutations of Ras in cancer are associated with poor prognosis.

Inactivation of oncogenic Ras in mice results in tumor shrinkage. Thus, Ras is widely considered an oncology target of exceptional importance. However, treatment with inhibitors of Ras (for example, KRAS) can lead to resistance through bypass of KRAS/MAPK pathway dependence, and activation of the Hippo pathway.

There is, therefore, a need for therapies that improve the ability of inhibitors of Ras (for example, KRAS) and inhibitors of YAP, TAZ, TEAD, and/or the YAP:TEAD protein-protein interaction to treat a range of diseases, disorders, and conditions, including cancer.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

In some aspect, provided is a compound for formula (II-AB′):

In some aspects, provided is a compound of formula (II-AB):

wherein * denotes the point of attachment to Z, and ** denotes the point of attachment to

B of formula (II-AB) is phenyl and R2 is haloC1-6alkoxyl.

In some aspects, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A) or (II-B):

In some aspects, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (II-A) or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, is provided.

In some aspects, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (II-B) or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, is provided.

In some aspects, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (II-AB) or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, is provided.

In some aspects, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (II-AB′) or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, is provided.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for use in medical therapy.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for use in medical therapy.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for use in medical therapy.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer.

In some aspects, a method for treating cancer in a mammal is provided, the method comprising, administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

In some aspects, a method for treating cancer in a mammal is provided, the method comprising, administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

In some aspects, a method for treating cancer in a mammal is provided, the method comprising, administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

In some aspects, a method for treating cancer in a mammal is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal in combination with a second therapeutic agent.

In some aspects, a method for treating cancer in a mammal is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal in combination with a second therapeutic agent.

In some aspects, a method for treating cancer in a mammal is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal in combination with a second therapeutic agent.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for modulating TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for modulating TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for modulating TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for use for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for use for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided for use for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity.

In some aspects, a method for modulating TEAD activity is provided, the method comprising contacting TEAD with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some aspects, a method for modulating TEAD activity is provided, the method comprising contacting TEAD with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some aspects, a method for modulating TEAD activity is provided, the method comprising contacting TEAD with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some aspects, a method for treating a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity in a mammal is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

In some aspects, a method for treating a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity in a mammal is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

In some aspects, a method for treating a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity in a mammal is provided, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a combination comprising: (i) one or more YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (ii) one or more KRAS inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some aspects, one or more YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors and one or more KRAS inhibitors are co-administered to an individual. In some aspects, the combination is administered to an individual in the same composition. In some aspects, the combination is administered to an individual in different compositions. Thus, it is understood that the one or more YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors and the one or more KRAS inhibitors may be administered simultaneously or sequentially to the individual. In some aspects, provided herein are compositions comprising one or more YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors and one or more KRAS inhibitors. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to methods of modulating or inhibiting KRAS activity in a cell, comprising administering to the cell an effective amount of such combinations. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of such combinations. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to methods of reducing resistance of a subject to treatment comprising a KRAS inhibitor, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a TEAD inhibitor.

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to processes of preparing one or more TEAD inhibitors described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Definitions

Unless otherwise indicated, the following specific terms and phrases used in the description and claims are defined as follows.

The term “moiety” refers to an atom or group of chemically bonded atoms that is attached to another atom or molecule by one or more chemical bonds thereby forming part of a molecule.

The term “substituted” refers to the fact that at least one of the hydrogen atoms of that moiety is replaced by another substituent or moiety.

The term “alkyl” refers to an aliphatic straight-chain or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, alkyl is unsubstituted.

In some embodiments, “hydroxylalkyl” is alkyl substituted with one or more —OH.

In some embodiments, “alkoxy” is —O-alkyl.

The term “cycloalkyl” means a saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic moiety having mono- or bicyclic (including bridged bicyclic) rings and 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring. In particular aspects, cycloalkyl may contain from 3 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., (C3-C8)cycloalkyl). In other particular aspects cycloalkyl may contain from 3 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., (C3-C6)cycloalkyl). Examples of cycloalkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and partially unsaturated (cycloalkenyl) derivatives thereof (e.g. cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl). The cycloalkyl moiety can be attached in a spirocycle fashion such as spirocyclopropyl:

The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group has been replaced by the same or different halogen atoms, such as fluoro atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include monofluoro-, difluoro- or trifluoro-methyl, -ethyl or -propyl, for example 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoromethyl, or trifluoromethyl. Haloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, haloalkyl is unsubstituted.

The term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl or substituted alkyl group as defined elsewhere herein having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Alkenyl groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, alkenyl is unsubstituted.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl or substituted alkyl group as defined elsewhere herein having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Alkynyl groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, alkynyl is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, hydroxylalkynyl is alkynyl substituted with one or more —OH.

The terms “heterocyclyl” and “heterocycle” refer to a 4, 5, 6 and 7-membered monocyclic or 7, 8, 9 and 10-membered bicyclic (including bridged bicyclic) heterocyclic moiety that is saturated or partially unsaturated, and has one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4) heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the ring with the remaining ring atoms being carbon. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, a nitrogen or sulfur may also be in an oxidized form, and a nitrogen may be substituted. The heterocycle can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycles include, without limitation, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazolyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl. The term heterocycle also includes groups in which a heterocycle is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl rings, such as benzothiazolyl, benzofuranyl, furopyridinyl, indolinyl, 3H-indolyl, chromanyl, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, octahydroindolyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl. Heterocyclyl groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, heterocyclyl is unsubstituted.

The term “aryl” refers to a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moiety having a mono-, bi- or tricyclic aromatic ring of 5 to 20 carbon ring atoms. Examples of aryl moieties include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and the like. The term “aryl” also includes partially hydrogenated derivatives of the cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moiety provided that at least one ring of the cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moiety is aromatic, each being optionally substituted. In some aspects, monocyclic aryl rings may have 5 or 6 carbon ring atoms. Aryl groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, aryl is unsubstituted.

In some embodiments, heteroaryl is unsubstituted.

The terms “halo” and “halogen” refer fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. In some aspects, halo is fluoro or chloro.

The term “oxo” refers to the ═O moiety.

The term “cyano” refers to the —C≡N moiety.

The terms “spirocycle” and “spirocyclyl” refer to carbogenic bicyclic ring systems comprising between 5 and 13 carbon atoms with both rings connected through a single atom. The rings can be different in size and nature, or identical in size and nature. Examples include spiropentane, spirohexane, spiroheptane, spirooctane, spirononane, or spirodecane. One or more of the carbon atoms in the spirocycle can be substituted with a heteroatom (e.g., O, N, S, or P). Spirocycle groups may be optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, the spirocycle is unsubstituted.

In some prodrug aspects, prodrugs include compounds wherein an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues, is covalently joined through an amide or ester bond to a free amino, hydroxy or carboxylic acid group of a compound of the present disclosure. The amino acid residues include but are not limited to the 20 naturally occurring amino acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also includes phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, phosphotyrosine, 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, demosine, isodemosine, gamma-carboxyglutamate, hippuric acid, octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid, statine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, penicillamine, ornithine, 3-methylhistidine, norvaline, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, homocysteine, homoserine, methyl-alanine, para-benzoylphenylalanine, phenylglycine, propargylglycine, sarcosine, methionine sulfone and tert-butylglycine.

In some other prodrug aspects, a free carboxyl group of a compound of the disclosure can be derivatized as an amide or alkyl ester. In yet other prodrug aspects, prodrugs comprising free hydroxy groups can be derivatized as prodrugs by converting the hydroxy group into a group such as, but not limited to, a phosphate ester, hemisuccinate, dimethylaminoacetate, or phosphoryloxymethyloxycarbonyl group, as outlined in Fleisher, D. et al., (1996) Improved oral drug delivery: solubility limitations overcome by the use of prodrugs Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 19:115. Carbamate prodrugs of hydroxy and amino groups are also included, as are carbonate prodrugs, sulfonate esters and sulfate esters of hydroxy groups. Derivatization of hydroxy groups as (acyloxy)methyl and (acyloxy)ethyl ethers, wherein the acyl group can be an alkyl ester optionally substituted with groups including, but not limited to, ether, amine and carboxylic acid functionalities, or where the acyl group is an amino acid ester as described above, are also encompassed. Prodrugs of this type are described in J. Med. Chem., (1996), 39:10. More specific examples include replacement of the hydrogen atom of the alcohol group with a group such as (C1-6)alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-((C1-6)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, 1-methyl-1-((C1-6)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, (C1-6)alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N—(C1-6)alkoxycarbonylaminomethyl, succinoyl, (C1-6)alkanoyl, alpha-amino(C1-4)alkanoyl, arylacyl and alpha-aminoacyl, or alpha-aminoacyl-alpha-aminoacyl, where each alpha-aminoacyl group is independently selected from the naturally occurring L-amino acids, P(O)(OH)2, —P(O)(O(C1-6)alkyl)2 or glycosyl (the radical resulting from the removal of a hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal form of a carbohydrate).

Additionally, the present disclosure provides for metabolites of compounds of the disclosure. As used herein, a “metabolite” refers to a product produced through metabolism in the body of a specified compound or salt thereof. Such products can result for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, deamidation, esterification, deesterification, enzymatic cleavage, and the like, of the administered compound.

Metabolite products typically are identified by preparing a radiolabeled (e.g., 14C or 3H) isotope of a compound of the disclosure, administering it parenterally in a detectable dose (e.g., greater than about 0.5 mg/kg) to an animal such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to man, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur (typically about 30 seconds to 30 hours) and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples. These products are easily isolated since they are labeled (others are isolated by the use of antibodies capable of binding epitopes surviving in the metabolite). The metabolite structures are determined in conventional fashion, e.g., by MS, LC/MS or NMR analysis. In general, analysis of metabolites is done in the same way as conventional drug metabolism studies well known to those skilled in the art. The metabolite products, so long as they are not otherwise found in vivo, are useful in diagnostic assays for therapeutic dosing of the compounds of the disclosure.

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers.” Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers.” Diastereomers are stereoisomers with opposite configuration at one or more chiral centers which are not enantiomers. Stereoisomers bearing one or more asymmetric centers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers.” When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, if a carbon atom is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center or centers and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (−)-isomers respectively). A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture”. In certain aspects the compound is enriched by at least about 90% by weight with a single diastereomer or enantiomer. In other aspects the compound is enriched by at least about 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight with a single diastereomer or enantiomer.

Certain compounds of the present disclosure possess asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, diastereomers, geometric isomers, regioisomers and individual isomers (e.g., separate enantiomers) are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.

The compounds of the present disclosure may also exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamine isomerizations. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term “a compound of the formula” or “a compound of formula” or “compounds of the formula” or “compounds of formula” refers to any compound selected from the genus of compounds as defined by the formula. In some embodiments or aspects, the term also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester of any such compound, a stereoisomer, or a tautomer of such compound. The term “a therapeutically effective amount” of a compound means an amount of compound that is effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is within the skill in the art. The therapeutically effective amount or dosage of a compound according to this disclosure can vary within wide limits and may be determined in a manner known in the art. Such dosage will be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case including the specific compound(s) being administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, as well as the patient being treated. In general, in the case of oral or parenteral administration to adult humans weighing approximately 70 kg, a daily dosage of about 0.1 mg to about 5,000 mg, 1 mg to about 1,000 mg, or 1 mg to 100 mg may be appropriate, although the lower and upper limits may be exceeded when indicated. The daily dosage can be administered as a single dose or in divided doses, or for parenteral administration, it may be given as continuous infusion.

In some embodiments, the term “a therapeutically effective amount” of a compound means an amount of compound that is effective to alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is within the skill in the art. The therapeutically effective amount or dosage of a compound according to this disclosure can vary within wide limits and may be determined in a manner known in the art. Such dosage will be adjusted to the individual requirements in each particular case including the specific compound(s) being administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, as well as the patient being treated. In general, in the case of oral or parenteral administration to adult humans weighing approximately 70 kg, a daily dosage of about 0.1 mg to about 5,000 mg, 1 mg to about 1,000 mg, or 1 mg to 100 mg may be appropriate, although the lower and upper limits may be exceeded when indicated. The daily dosage can be administered as a single dose or in divided doses, or for parenteral administration, it may be given as continuous infusion.

In embodiments herein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound may be an amount of compound that is effective to alleviate or ameliorate a condition or disease, or symptoms thereof, or prolong the survival of the subject being treated.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” is intended to include any and all material compatible with pharmaceutical administration including solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and other materials and compounds compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with a compound of the disclosure, use thereof in the compositions of the disclosure is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions.

Compounds

In some aspects, provided is a compound for formula (II-AB′):

Any embodiments, aspects, variations, described herein with respect to one formula, may, where applicable, be applied to any other formula listed herein. For example, any embodiments, aspects, variations, described herein with respect to any one or more of formula (II-AB), (II-A), and (II-B) apply to formula (II-AB′), the same as if each and every embodiments, aspects, and variations is specifically and individually listed with respect to formula (II-AB′). It is understood that such embodiments apply to structural features of compounds, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. For example, it is understood that methods of using any one or more of formula (II-AB), (II-A), and (II-B), where applicable, apply to methods of using compounds of formula (II-AB′), the same as if each and every embodiments, aspects, and variations is specifically and individually listed with respect to formula (II-AB′).

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, L′ of formula (II-AB′) is *—N(R3)-L-**. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, L′ of formula (II-AB′) is

In some embodiments, provided is a compound of formula (II-AB):

wherein * denotes the point of attachment to Z, and ** denotes the point of attachment to

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) is provided:

In some embodiments, provided is a compound of formula (II-A) or (II-B):

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L′ is *—N(R3)-L-**, wherein * denotes the point of attachment to Z, and ** denotes the point of attachment to

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L′ is

wherein * denotes the point of attachment to Z, and ** denotes the point of attachment to

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and C5-6cycloalkyl formed by X1 and R1 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt, wherein Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd is H. In some embodiments, Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H. In some embodiments, Re is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is N or CRs, wherein Rs is H, halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is N. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is H, halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C3-20cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdCORe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —CONRdRe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —SO2Rd. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —SO2NRdRe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdSO2Re. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl or C1-15alkoxy, wherein the C1-15alkyl and C1-15alkoxy of Rs are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —NRdRe.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —NRdRe.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, or 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is N or CH. In some embodiments, X3 is N. In some embodiments, X3 is CH.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is phenyl or 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one to five R2. In some embodiments, B is phenyl independently substituted with one to five R2. In some embodiments, B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl independently substituted with one to five R2.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, i) halo; ii) S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or iii) C1-6alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, R2 is halo. In some embodiments, R2 is S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo. In some embodiments, R2 is C1-6alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, R2 is unsubstituted C1-6alkoxy.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is H. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —OH, —NRdRe, C1-6alkoxy, —C(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra. In some embodiments, Z is —OH. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd is H. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Re is H. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Re is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is i) C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl; or ii) C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is haloC1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more halo; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more C1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more haloC1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is C or N, and X1 is taken together with R1, and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5 cycloalkyl fused to ring A; X2 is N or CRs, wherein Rs is selected from C1-15alkyl optionally substituted with —OH, 5-membered heteroaryl and —CN; X3 is N or CH; B is phenyl or 5-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is independently halo, or C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo; L is methylene, optionally substituted with C1-6alkyl; R3 is H or C1-6alkyl; and Z is —C(O)Ra, —S(O)2Rb, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with deuterium, or C1-6alkyl substituted with halo, and Rb is C1-6alkyl substituted with halo. In some embodiments, Rs is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, each Ry is fluoro. In some embodiments, R2 is trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, Ra is ethenyl. In some embodiments, Ra is chloromethyl. In some embodiments, Rb is chloromethyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is C or N. In some embodiments, X1 is C. In some embodiments, X1 is N. In some embodiments, X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a phenyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is N and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl or a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is N and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is N and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl that is fused to ring A.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is selected from the group consisting off

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is not substituted with one or more Rt.

It is understood that embodiments described herein with respect to any one of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B) apply to formula (II-AB′), the same as if each and every embodiment is specifically and individually listed with respect to formula (II-AB′).

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is selected from the group consisting of,

each of which is optionally substituted with one or more Rt. In some embodiments, each Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, haloC1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe; and wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl, and wherein the C1-6alkyl of Rd or Re is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, oxo, —OH and —CN. In some embodiments, Rt is selected from the group consisting of methyl and —CHF2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is selected from the group consisting of

In some embodiments, each Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, haloC1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe; and wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl, and wherein the C1-6alkyl of Rd or Re is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, oxo, —OH and —CN. In some embodiments, Rt is selected from the group consisting of methyl and —CHF2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is selected from the group consisting of

each of which is optionally substituted with one or more Rt. In some embodiments, each Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, haloC1-5alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe; and wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl, and wherein the C1-6alkyl of Rd or Re is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, oxo, —OH and —CN. In some embodiments, Rt is selected from the group consisting of methyl and —CHF2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is selected from the group consisting of

In some embodiments, each Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, haloC1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe; and wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl, and wherein the C1-6alkyl of Rd or Re is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, oxo, —OH and —CN. In some embodiments, Rt is selected from the group consisting of methyl and —CHF2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and C5-6cycloalkyl formed by X1 and R1 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt, wherein Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd is H. In some embodiments, Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H. In some embodiments, Re is C1-6alkyl.

In embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form phenyl, wherein the phenyl is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a C5-6cycloalkyl, wherein the C5-6cycloalkyl is not substituted with one or more Rt.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is N or CRs, wherein Rs is H, halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is N. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is H, halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C3-20cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdCORe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —CONRdRe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —SO2Rd. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —SO2NRdRe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdSO2Re. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl or C1-15alkoxy, wherein the C1-15alkyl and C1-15alkoxy of Rs are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —NRdRe.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —NRdRe.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, or 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is N or CH. In some embodiments, X3 is N. In some embodiments, X3 is CH.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is phenyl or 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one to five R2. In some embodiments, B is phenyl independently substituted with one to five R2. In some embodiments, B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl independently substituted with one to five R2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl independently substituted with one R2.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, i) halo; ii) S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or iii) C1-6alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, R2 is halo. In some embodiments, R2 is S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo. In some embodiments, R2 is C1-6alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, R2 is unsubstituted C1-6alkoxy.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is H. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —OH, —NRdRe, C1-6alkoxy, —C(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra. In some embodiments, Z is —OH. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd is H. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Re is H. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Re is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is i) C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl; or ii) C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is haloC1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more halo; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more C1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more haloC1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is C or N, and X1 is taken together with R1, and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5 cycloalkyl fused to ring A; X2 is N or CRs, wherein Rs is selected from C1-15alkyl optionally substituted with —OH, 5-membered heteroaryl and —CN; X3 is N or CH; B is phenyl or 5-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is independently halo, or C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo; L is methylene, optionally substituted with C1-6alkyl; R3 is H or C1-6alkyl; and Z is —C(O)Ra, —S(O)2Rb, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with deuterium, or C1-6alkyl substituted with halo, and Rb is C1-6alkyl substituted with halo. In some embodiments, Rs is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, each Ry is fluoro. In some embodiments, R2 is trifluoromethoxy. In some embodiments, Ra is ethenyl. In some embodiments, Ra is chloromethyl. In some embodiments, Rb is chloromethyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is hydroxylC1-6alkynyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is —S(O)NHRd, wherein Rd is selected from the group consisting of H and C1-6alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, oxo, —OH and —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, Rs is —S(O)NHRd, and Rd is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, Rs is —S(O)NHRd, and Rd is unsubstituted C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, Rs is —S(O)NHRd, and Rd is C1-6alkyl substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, Rs is —S(O)NHRd, and Rd is C1-6alkyl substituted with one or more oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, Rs is —S(O)NHRd, and Rd is C1-6alkyl substituted with one or more —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, Rs is —S(O)NHRd, and Rd is C1-6alkyl substituted with one or more —CN.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is selected from the group consisting of —CN, —CH3,

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is —CH3. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, X2 is CRs and Rs is

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is C or N. In some embodiments, X1 is C. In some embodiments, X1 is N. In some embodiments, X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a phenyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is C and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is N and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl or a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is N and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl that is fused to ring A. In some embodiments, X1 is N and is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl that is fused to ring A.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A is selected from the group consisting of

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl that is fused to ring A, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and C5-6cycloalkyl formed by X1 and R1 are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt, wherein Rt is independently, at each occurrence, selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Rd is H. In some embodiments, Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Re is H. In some embodiments, Re is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is N or CRs, wherein Rs is H, halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, or —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is N. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is H, halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, C1-15alkoxy, or —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C3-20cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdCORe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —CONRdRe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —SO2Rd. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —SO2NRdRe. In other embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdSO2Re. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is H. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is —NRdRe, wherein Re is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl or C1-15alkoxy, wherein the C1-15alkyl and C1-15alkoxy of Rs are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —NRdRe.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C1-15alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more Rt1, wherein Rt1 is —NRdRe.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, or 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs are each independently optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20aryl, the C6-20aryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, the 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is C6-20cycloalkyl, the C6-20cycloalkyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein Rt2 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-15alkyl, C6-20aryl, 5 to 15 membered heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, 3 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, —OH, —CN, oxo, C1-15alkoxy, —NRdCORe, —CONRdRe, —SO2Rd, —SO2NRdRe, —NRdSO2Re, and —NRdRe. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is halo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is oxo. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —OH. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is —CN. In some embodiments, X2 is CRs, wherein Rs is 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl, the 5 to 15 membered heterocyclyl of Rs is optionally substituted with Rt2, wherein Rt2 is C1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is N or CH. In some embodiments, X3 is N. In some embodiments, X3 is CH.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is phenyl or 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one to five R2. In some embodiments, B is phenyl independently substituted with one to five R2. In some embodiments, B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl independently substituted with one to five R2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl independently substituted with one R2.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, i) halo; ii) S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or iii) C1-6alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, R2 is halo. In some embodiments, R2 is S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo. In some embodiments, R2 is C1-6alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, R2 is unsubstituted C1-6alkoxy.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —OH, —NRdRe, C1-6alkoxy, —C(O)Ra, —S(O)2Ra. In some embodiments, Z is —OH. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd is H. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Rd is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Re is H. In some embodiments, Z is NRdRe, wherein Re is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is i) C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl; or ii) C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is haloC1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, C1-6alkyl, halo, haloC1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more halo; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more C1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more haloC1-6alkyl; and B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n and m are each independently 1 or 2. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, n is 1 and m is 1. In some embodiments, n is 1 and m is 2. In some embodiments, n is 2 and m is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2 and m is 2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is i) phenyl or 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halo; S(RY)5, wherein each Ry is halo; C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo; or ii) —O-phenyl substituted with haloC1-3alkyl, provided that when B is —O-phenyl substituted with haloC1-3alkyl, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-**, Z is —C(O)CHCH2, X1 is C, X2 is CRs, and X3 is CH; or iii) bicyclopentane substituted by C1-3alkyl, provided that when B is bicyclopentane substituted by C1-3alkyl, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-** and Z is —C(O)CHCH2; or iv) phenyl substituted with ethynyl or haloC1-3alkyl, provided that when B is phenyl substituted with ethynyl or haloC1-3alkyl, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-**, Z is —C(O)CHCH2, and Rs is C1-3alkyl substituted with one or more —OH; or v) piperidine substituted with haloC1-3alkyl or haloC1-3alkoxy, provided that when B is piperidine substituted with haloC1-3alkyl or haloC1-3alkoxy, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-** and Z is —C(O)CHCH2. In some embodiments, B is phenyl or 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; wherein the phenyl and 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of B are each independently substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halo; S(RY)5, wherein each Ry is halo; C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, B is —O-phenyl substituted with haloC1-3alkyl, provided that when B is —O-phenyl substituted with haloC1-3alkyl, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-**, Z is —C(O)CHCH2, X1 is C, X2 is CRs, and X3 is CH. In some embodiments, B is bicyclopentane substituted by C1-3alkyl, provided that when B is bicyclopentane substituted by C1-3alkyl, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-** and Z is —C(O)CHCH2. In some embodiments, B is phenyl substituted with ethynyl or haloC1-3alkyl, provided that when B is phenyl substituted with ethynyl or haloC1-3alkyl, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-**, Z is —C(O)CHCH2, and Rs is C1-3alkyl substituted with one or more —OH. In some embodiments, B is piperidine substituted with haloC1-3alkyl or haloC1-3alkoxy, provided that when B is piperidine substituted with haloC1-3alkyl or haloC1-3alkoxy, L′ is *—N(R3)-L-** and Z is —C(O)CHCH2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —OH, —NRdRe, C1-6alkoxy, —C(O)Ra, or —S(O)2Rb, wherein Rd and Re are each independently H or C1-6alkyl, and wherein the C1-6alkyl of Rd or Re is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, oxo, —OH and —CN; Ra and Rb are each independently i) C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6alkyl, halo and haloC1-6alkyl; ii) C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo; or iii) cyclobutenyl or bicyclobutanyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra or —S(O)2Rb, wherein Ra and Rb are each independently C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6alkyl, halo and haloC1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra or —S(O)2Rb, wherein Ra and Rb are each independently C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo. In some embodiments, Z is —C(O)Ra or —S(O)2Rb, wherein Ra and Rb are each independently cyclobutenyl or bicyclobutanyl.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L is methylene or ethylene, wherein the methylene of L is optionally substituted with one C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, L is methylene optionally substituted with one C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, L is ethylene.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L′ is

and Y is CH or C(CN). In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z-L′ is

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n and m are each independently 1 or 2.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, provided herein is a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein when X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached to form a phenyl, and X2 or X3 is N, B is phenyl and R2 is haloC1-6alkoxyl; wherein when n=1 and m=2, or n=2 and m=1, B is phenyl substituted by halomethyoxyl; and wherein the compound of formula (II-AB′) is not any one of following: N-((8-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-6-yl)methyl)acrylamide; N-((8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-6-yl)methyl)acrylamide; N-((7-fluoro-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinazolin-2-yl)methyl)acrylamide; N-((8-(4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-6-yl)methyl)acrylamide; 1-(4-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-6-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-one; 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-6-(1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine; 6-(1-(ethylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine; 6-(1-(ethylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1-isopropyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine; 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-6-(1-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine; and N-((4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)methyl)acetamide.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, reference to “one or more” may be 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, reference to “one or more substituents”, for example, “one or more substituents of C1-6alkyl”, may be 1 to 3 substituents, 1 to 2 substituents, 2 substituents, or 1 substituent.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when B is optionally substituted with one or more Rt, Rt is C1-15alkoxy optionally substituted with 1-3 halo. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, Rt is C1-15alkoxy substituted with 1-3 halo. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, Rt is OCF3.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when X1 is CRs, Rs is

or a stereoisomer thereof. In some embodiments, Rs is

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, n and m are each 1.

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-1) is provided:

In one aspect, X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-1) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-1) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-1) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB) or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-1).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-2) is provided:

In one aspect, X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-2) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-2) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-2) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, L, A, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-2).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-3) is provided:

In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-3) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-3) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-3) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-3).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-4) is provided:

In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-4) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-4) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-4) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-4).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-5) is provided:

In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-5) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-5) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-5) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X1, R1, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-5).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-6) is provided:

In one aspect, X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-6) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-6) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-6) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-6).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-7) is provided:

In one aspect, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-7) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-7) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-7) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-7).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-8) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-8) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-8) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-8) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-8).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-9) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-9) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-9) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-9) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-9).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-10) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-10) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-10) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-10) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-10).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-11) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-11) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-11) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-11) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-11).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-12) is provided:

In one aspect, X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-12) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-12) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-12) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X2, X3, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-12).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-13) is provided:

In one aspect, X2, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-13) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-13) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-13) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of X2, R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-13).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-14) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-14) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-14) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-14) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-14).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-15) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-15) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-15) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, L, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-15) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, L, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-15).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-16) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A of formula (II-A-16) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A of formula (II-A-16) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A of formula (II-A-16) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-16).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-17) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A of formula (II-A-17) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A of formula (II-A-17) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A of formula (II-A-17) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, and A described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-17).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-18) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-18) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-18) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, L, A, and Z of formula (II-A-18) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, L, A, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-18).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-19) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and L of formula (II-A-19) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and L of formula (II-A-19) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and L of formula (II-A-19) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and L described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-19).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-20) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, and L of formula (II-A-20) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, and L of formula (II-A-20) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, and L of formula (II-A-20) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, and L described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-20).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-21) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-21) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-21) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z of formula (II-A-21) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R3, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-21).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-22) is provided:

In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-22) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-22) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-22) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-22).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-23) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-23) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-23) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-23) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-23).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-24) is provided:

In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-24) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-24) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-24) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-24).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-25) is provided:

In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-25) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-25) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-25) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of Rt, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-25).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-A-26) is provided:

In one aspect, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-26) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-26) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z of formula (II-A-26) are as defined in formula (II-A). It is understood that embodiments of R3, X2, X3, A, B, L, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-A) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-A-26).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-1) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-1) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-1) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-1) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-1).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-2) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-2) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-2) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, Rt2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-2) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, R2, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-2).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-3) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-3) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-3) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-3) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-3).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-4) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-4) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-4) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-4) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-4).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-5) is provided:

In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-5) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-5) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-5) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-5).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-6) is provided:

In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-6) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-6) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-6) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-6).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-7) is provided:

In one aspect, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-7) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-7) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-7) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-7).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-8) is provided:

In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-8) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-8) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-8) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-8).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-9) is provided:

In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-9) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-9) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-9) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-9).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-10) is provided:

In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-10) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-10) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-10) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-10).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-11) is provided:

In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-11) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-11) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-11) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-11).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-12) is provided:

In one aspect, X1, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-12) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X1, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-12) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X1, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-12) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X1, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-12).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-13) is provided:

In one aspect, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-13) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-13) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-13) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X2, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-13).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-14) is provided:

In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-14) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-14) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-14) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-14).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-15) is provided:

In one aspect, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-15) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-15) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-15) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X2, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-15).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-16) is provided

In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-16) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-16) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z of formula (II-B-16) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-16).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-17) is provided

In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and B of formula (II-B-17) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and B of formula (II-B-17) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and B of formula (II-B-17) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, A, and B described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-17).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-18) is provided

In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, and A of formula (II-B-18) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, and A of formula (II-B-18) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, and A of formula (II-B-18) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, X2, X3, n, m, and A described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-18).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-19) is provided

In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-19) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-19) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, R1, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-19) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of R1, X1, X2, X3, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-19).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-20) is provided

In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-20) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-20) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-20) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-20).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-21) is provided

In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-21) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-21) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-21) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-21).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-22) is provided

In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-22) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-22) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-22) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-22).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-23) is provided

In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-23) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-23) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-23) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of Rt, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-23).

In some aspects, a compound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the following formula (II-B-24) is provided

In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-24) are as defined in formula (II-AB′). In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-24) are as defined in formula (II-AB). In one aspect, X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z of formula (II-B-24) are as defined in formula (II-B). It is understood that embodiments of X2, X3, n, m, A, B, and Z described for formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), or (II-B) may, where applicable, apply in some embodiments to formula (II-B-24).

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, R2 cannot be halo. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, L′ of formula (II-AB′) or (II-AB) is *—N(R3)-L-**.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when L′ of formula (II-AB′) or (II-AB) is

and B is phenyl substituted with one or more alkoxy, the one or more alkoxy is substituted with one or more halo (e.g., F, Cl, or Br).

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or C5-6cycloalkyl fused to ring A, and wherein when the 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and C5-6cycloalkyl formed by X1 and R1 are each independently substituted with one or more Rt, Rt cannot be oxo.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when L′ of formula (II-AB′) or (II-AB) is *—N(R3)-L-**, Z is —C(O)Ra or —S(O)2Rb, wherein Ra and Rb are C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6alkyl, halo and haloC1-6alkyl.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, wherein when L′ of formula (II-AB′) or (II-AB) is

Z is —C(O)Ra, wherein Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6alkyl, halo and haloC1-6alkyl.

In some aspects, compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or any variation or embodiment thereof, as appropriate, are selected from the compounds listed in Table 1 below, including racemic mixtures and resolved isomers:

Compound

Number
Structure
Compound Name

Provided herein is a compound selected from the group consisting of:

In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound selected from the group consisting of:

In one aspect, provided herein is a compound, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from the group consisting of:

In some aspects, the compounds of the disclosure are isotopically labeled by having one or more atoms therein replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. Such isotopically-labeled (i.e., radiolabeled) compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as, but not limited to, 2H, 3H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 13N, 15N, 15O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, 36Cl, 123I, and 125I, respectively. These isotopically-labeled compounds would be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of the compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action, or binding affinity to TEAD. Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3H, and carbon-14, i.e., 14C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection. For example, a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) can be enriched with 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95, or 99 percent of a given isotope.

In some aspects, any of the ways in which compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be isotopically labeled, and any of the ways in which isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be used (as described, e.g. in the previous paragraph) also apply to compounds of formula (II-AB).

In some aspects, any of the ways in which compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be isotopically labeled, and any of the ways in which isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be used (as described, e.g. in the previous paragraph) also apply to compounds of formula (II-AB′).

Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.

Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as 11C, 18F, 15O and 13N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Examples as set out below using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

In some aspects, any of the ways in which compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be isotopically labeled, and any of the ways in which isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be used (as described, e.g. in the previous paragraph) also apply to compounds of formula (II-AB).

In some aspects, any of the ways in which compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be isotopically labeled, and any of the ways in which isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) may be used (as described, e.g. in the previous paragraph) also apply to compounds of formula (II-AB′).

Also provided herein is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester of any compound provided herein, as well as a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a solvate, a metabolite, an isotope or a prodrug of such compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of such compound.

Process of Preparation

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to processes of preparing one or more TEAD inhibitors described herein. In some embodiments, a process of preparing a TEAD inhibitor is described herein in one or more examples.

In some embodiments, provided is a process for preparing a compound of formula (II-AB′):

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Administration

In addition to one or more of the compounds provided above (including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, isotopes, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or prodrugs thereof), the disclosure also provides for compositions and medicaments comprising a compound of the present disclosure or an embodiment or aspect thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The compositions of the disclosure can be used to selectively inhibit TEAD in patients (e.g., humans).

In one aspect, the disclosure provides for pharmaceutical compositions or medicaments comprising a compound of the disclosure (or embodiments and aspects thereof including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, isotopes, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for preparing compositions (or medicaments) comprising compounds of the disclosure. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for administering compounds of the disclosure and compositions comprising compounds of the disclosure to a patient (e.g., a human patient) in need thereof.

The carrier can be selected from the various oils including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, e.g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, and the like. Water, saline, aqueous dextrose, and glycols are preferred liquid carriers, particularly (when isotonic with the blood) for injectable solutions. For example, formulations for intravenous administration comprise sterile aqueous solutions of a compound of the disclosure which are prepared by dissolving solid compounds of the disclosure in water to produce an aqueous solution, and rendering the solution sterile. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, talc, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol, and the like. The compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical additives such as preservatives, stabilizing agents, wetting or emulsifying agents, salts for adjusting osmotic pressure, buffers and the like. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers and their formulation are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences by E. W. Martin. Such compositions will, in any event, contain an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure together with a suitable carrier so as to prepare the proper dosage form for proper administration to the recipient.

Compositions are formulated, dosed, and administered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners. The effective amount of the compound to be administered will be governed by such considerations, and is the minimum amount necessary to inhibit TEAD activity as required to prevent or treat the undesired disease or disorder, such as for example, pain. For example, such amount may be below the amount that is toxic to normal cells, or the mammal as a whole.

In one example, the therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the disclosure administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 0.01-100 mg/kg, alternatively about e.g., 0.1 to 20 mg/kg of patient body weight per day, with the typical initial range of compound used being 0.3 to 15 mg/kg/day. The daily does is, in certain aspects, given as a single daily dose or in divided doses two to six times a day, or in sustained release form. In the case of a 70 kg adult human, the total daily dose will generally be from about 7 mg to about 1,400 mg. This dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide the optimal therapeutic response. The compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, preferably once or twice per day.

The compositions comprising compounds of the disclosure (or embodiments or aspects thereof including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, isotopes, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and prodrugs thereof) are normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition. A typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the present disclosure and a diluent, carrier or excipient. Suitable diluents, carriers and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Ansel, Howard C., et al., Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004; Gennaro, Alfonso R., et al. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2000; and Rowe, Raymond C. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Chicago, Pharmaceutical Press, 2005. The formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament). Suitable carriers, diluents and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g., Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEEN™, PLURONICS™ or polyethylene glycol (PEG). An active pharmaceutical ingredient of the disclosure (e.g., a compound of formula (I), or an embodiment or aspect thereof) can also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(methylmethacrylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy: Remington the Science and Practice of Pharmacy (2005) 21st Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. The particular carrier, diluent or excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which a compound of the present disclosure is being applied. Solvents are generally selected based on solvents recognized by persons skilled in the art as safe (GRAS) to be administered to a mammal. In general, safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water. Suitable aqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG 400, PEG 300), etc. and mixtures thereof.

Sustained-release preparations of a compound of the disclosure (e.g., compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or an embodiment or aspect thereof) can be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or an embodiment or aspect thereof, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly(vinyl alcohol)), polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman et al., Biopolymers 22:547, 1983), non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate (Langer et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15:167, 1981), degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOT™ (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate) and poly-D-(−)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (EP 133,988A). Sustained release compositions also include liposomally entrapped compounds, which can be prepared by methods known per se (Epstein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:3688, 1985; Hwang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:4030, 1980; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,485,045 and 4,544,545; and EP 102,324A). Ordinarily, the liposomes are of the small (about 200-800 Angstroms) unilamelar type in which the lipid content is greater than about 30 mol % cholesterol, the selected proportion being adjusted for the optimal therapy.

Sustained-release preparations of a compound of formula (II-AB) may be prepared in the same way as sustained-release preparations of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) (as described, e.g. in the preceding paragraph).

Sustained-release preparations of a compound of formula (II-AB′) may be prepared in the same way as sustained-release preparations of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) (as described, e.g. in the preceding paragraph).

In one example, compounds of the disclosure or an embodiment or aspect thereof may be formulated by mixing at ambient temperature at the appropriate pH, and at the desired degree of purity, with physiologically acceptable carriers, i.e., carriers that are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed into a galenical administration form. The pH of the formulation depends mainly on the particular use and the concentration of compound, but preferably ranges anywhere from about 3 to about 8. In one example, a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) is formulated in an acetate buffer, at pH 5. In another aspect, the compounds of the disclosure or an embodiment thereof are sterile. The compound may be stored, for example, as a solid or amorphous composition, as a lyophilized formulation or as an aqueous solution

Formulations of a compound of the disclosure suitable for oral administration can be prepared as discrete units such as pills, capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the disclosure.

Compressed tablets can be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine a compound of the disclosure in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets can be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of a powdered compound of the disclosure moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets can optionally be coated or scored and optionally are formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of a compound of the disclosure therefrom.

Tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, e.g., gelatin capsules, syrups or elixirs can be prepared for oral use. Formulations of a compound of the disclosure intended for oral use can be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions can contain one or more agents including sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. Tablets containing a compound of the disclosure in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitable for manufacture of tablets are acceptable. These excipients can be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets can be uncoated or can be coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax can be employed.

An example of a suitable oral administration form is a tablet containing about 0.1 mg, about 1 mg, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 50 mg, about 80 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg and about 500 mg of the compounds (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) of the disclosure compounded with a filler (e.g., lactose, such as about 90-30 mg anhydrous lactose), a disintegrant (e.g, croscarellose, such as about 5-40 mg sodium croscarmellose), a polymer (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a cellulose (e.g., hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and/or copovidone, such as about 5-30 mg PVP, HPMC or copovidone), and a lubricant (e.g., magnesium stearate, such as about 1-10 mg). Wet granulation, dry granulation or dry blending may be used. In one wet granulation aspect, powdered ingredients are first mixed together and then mixed with a solution or suspension of the polymer (e.g., PVP). The resulting composition can be dried, granulated, mixed with lubricant and compressed to tablet form using conventional equipment. An example of an aerosol formulation can be prepared by dissolving the compound, for example 5-400 mg, of the disclosure in a suitable buffer solution, e.g. a phosphate buffer, adding a tonicifier, e.g. a salt such sodium chloride, if desired. The solution may be filtered, e.g., using a 0.2 micron filter, to remove impurities and contaminants.

For treatment of the eye or other external tissues, e.g., mouth and skin, the formulations are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream containing the compounds of the disclosure in an amount of, for example, 0.075 to 20% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the compounds of the disclosure can be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the compounds of the disclosure can be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base can include a polyhydric alcohol, i.e., an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof. The topical formulations can desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of a compound of the disclosure through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulfoxide and related analogs.

For topical formulations, it is desired to administer an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition according to the disclosure to target area, e.g., skin surfaces, mucous membranes, and the like, which are adjacent to peripheral neurons which are to be treated. This amount will generally range from about 0.0001 mg to about 1 g of a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) per application, depending upon the area to be treated, whether the use is diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic, the severity of the symptoms, and the nature of the topical vehicle employed. A preferred topical preparation is an ointment, wherein about 0.001 to about 50 mg of a compound of the disclosure is used per cc of ointment base. The pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as transdermal compositions or transdermal delivery devices (“patches”). Such compositions include, for example, a backing, compound of the disclosure reservoir, a control membrane, liner and contact adhesive. Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous pulsatile, or on demand delivery of the compounds of the present disclosure as desired.

When the binding target is located in the brain, certain aspects of the disclosure provide for a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) to traverse the blood-brain barrier. Certain neurodegenerative diseases are associated with an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier, such that a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) can be readily introduced to the brain. When the blood-brain barrier remains intact, several art-known approaches exist for transporting molecules across it, including, but not limited to, physical methods, lipid-based methods, and receptor and channel-based methods.

Physical methods of transporting a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) across the blood-brain barrier include, but are not limited to, circumventing the blood-brain barrier entirely, or by creating openings in the blood-brain barrier.

Lipid-based methods of transporting a compound of formula of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) across the blood-brain barrier include, but are not limited to, encapsulating the a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) in liposomes that are coupled to antibody binding fragments that bind to receptors on the vascular endothelium of the blood-brain barrier (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0025313), and coating a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) in low-density lipoprotein particles (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0204354) or apolipoprotein E (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0131692).

Receptor and channel-based methods of transporting a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) across the blood-brain barrier include, but are not limited to, using glucocorticoid blockers to increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002/0065259, 2003/0162695, and 2005/0124533); activating potassium channels (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0089473), inhibiting ABC drug transporters (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0073713); coating a compound of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) with a transferrin and modulating activity of the one or more transferrin receptors (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0129186), and cationizing the antibodies (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,697).

For intracerebral use, in certain aspects, the compounds can be administered continuously by infusion into the fluid reservoirs of the CNS, although bolus injection may be acceptable. The inhibitors can be administered into the ventricles of the brain or otherwise introduced into the CNS or spinal fluid. Administration can be performed by use of an indwelling catheter and a continuous administration means such as a pump, or it can be administered by implantation, e.g., intracerebral implantation of a sustained-release vehicle. More specifically, the inhibitors can be injected through chronically implanted cannulas or chronically infused with the help of osmotic mini pumps. Subcutaneous pumps are available that deliver proteins through a small tubing to the cerebral ventricles. Highly sophisticated pumps can be refilled through the skin and their delivery rate can be set without surgical intervention. Examples of suitable administration protocols and delivery systems involving a subcutaneous pump device or continuous intracerebroventricular infusion through a totally implanted drug delivery system are those used for the administration of dopamine, dopamine agonists, and cholinergic agonists to Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models for Parkinson's disease, as described by Harbaugh, J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 24:271, 1987; and DeYebenes et al., Mov. Disord. 2: 143, 1987.

Indications and Methods of Treatment

Representative compounds of the disclosure have been shown to modulate TEAD activity.

In some embodiments, a compound that modulates TEAD activity is a compound of formula (II-A), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

In some embodiments, a compound that modulates TEAD activity is a compound of formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

In some embodiments, the compound that modulates TEAD activity is a compound of formula (II-AB):

wherein * denotes the point of attachment to Z, and ** denotes the point of attachment to

In a specific embodiment, compounds of the disclosure (or any embodiment or aspect thereof) can be administered as a medical therapy to treat proliferative disorders such as cancer.

In one specific aspect, compounds of the disclosure (or any embodiment or aspect thereof) are administered as a medical therapy to treat proliferative disorders such as cancer.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treating proliferative disorders such as cancer, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) as described elsewhere herein to a subject in need thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treating any of the indications enumerated herein, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (II-AB) (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) as described elsewhere herein to a subject in need thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treating any of the indications enumerated herein, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (II-AB′) (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) as described elsewhere herein to a subject in need thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) as described elsewhere herein (or any embodiment or aspect thereof) for modulating TEAD activity. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides for a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) for modulating TEAD activity.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB) as described elsewhere herein (or any embodiment or aspect thereof) for modulating TEAD activity. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides for a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (II-AB) for modulating TEAD activity.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB′) as described elsewhere herein (or any embodiment or aspect thereof) for modulating TEAD activity. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides for a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (II-AB′) for modulating TEAD activity.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in medical therapy.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB) as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in medical therapy.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB′) as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in medical therapy.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treatment or prophylaxis of proliferative disorders such as cancer, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) as described elsewhere herein, to a subject in need thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treatment or prophylaxis of any of the indications enumerated herein, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (II-AB) (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) as described elsewhere herein, to a subject in need thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treatment or prophylaxis of any of the indications enumerated herein, comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (II-AB′) (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) as described elsewhere herein, to a subject in need thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of proliferative disorders such as cancer.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of any of the indications enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB′), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of any of the indications enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for the use of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of proliferative disorders such as cancer.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for the use of a compound of formula (II-AB), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of any of the indications enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for the use of a compound of formula (II-AB′), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of any of the indications enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treating proliferative disorders such as cancer in a mammal (e.g., a human) comprising administering a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B) as described elsewhere herein or an embodiment or aspect thereof such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treating any of the indications enumerated herein, comprising administering a compound of formula (II-AB) as described elsewhere herein or an embodiment or aspect thereof such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for treating any of the indications enumerated herein, comprising administering a compound of formula (II-AB′) as described elsewhere herein or an embodiment or aspect thereof such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for modulating TEAD activity, comprising contacting TEAD with a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for modulating TEAD activity, comprising contacting TEAD with a compound of formula (II-AB), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for modulating TEAD activity, comprising contacting TEAD with a compound of formula (II-AB′), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

It is understood that, in some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, a compound of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B) as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be used in a therapeutically effective amount.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity. Within aspects of this embodiment, the disease or condition is any of the indications enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a compound of formula (II-AB′), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity. Within aspects of this embodiment, the disease or condition is any of the indications enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for the use of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity. Within aspects of this embodiment, the disease or condition is proliferative disorders such as cancer.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for the use of a compound of formula (II-AB), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity. Within aspects of this embodiment, the disease or condition is any of the diseases enumerated herein.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for the use of a compound of formula (II-AB′), as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity. Within aspects of this embodiment, the disease or condition is any of the diseases enumerated herein.

In one aspect, compounds of the disclosure demonstrate higher potency as compared to other analogues.

Combination Therapy

The compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with other agents for treatment. For example, the second agent of the pharmaceutical combination formulation or dosing regimen may have complementary activities to the compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), such that they do not adversely affect each other. The compounds may be administered together in a unitary pharmaceutical composition or separately. In one embodiment a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can be co-administered with a cytotoxic agent to treat proliferative diseases and cancer.

The term “co-administering” refers to either simultaneous administration, or any manner of separate sequential administration, of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and a further active pharmaceutical ingredient or ingredients, including cytotoxic agents and radiation treatment. If the administration is not simultaneous, the compounds are administered in a close time proximity to each other. Furthermore, it does not matter if the compounds are administered in the same dosage form, e.g. one compound may be administered topically and another compound may be administered orally.

Any of the methods of using a compound of formula (II-A) or (II-B) described in the preceding paragraphs may also be applied to a compound of formula (II-AB).

Any of the methods of using a compound of formula (II-A) or (II-B) described in the preceding paragraphs may also be applied to a compound of formula (II-AB′).

Those additional agents may be administered separately from a composition comprising a disclosed compound, as part of a multiple dosage regimen. Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with a disclosed compound in a single composition. If administered as part of a multiple dosage regime, the two active agents may be submitted simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of time from one another normally within five hours from one another.

As used herein, the term “combination,” “combined,” and related terms refers to the simultaneous or sequential administration of therapeutic agents in accordance with this disclosure. For example, a compound of the present disclosure may be administered with another therapeutic agent simultaneously or sequentially in separate unit dosage forms or together in a single unit dosage form. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a single unit dosage form comprising a compound of formula I or formula II, an additional therapeutic agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.

The amount of both an inventive compound and additional therapeutic agent (in those compositions which comprise an additional therapeutic agent as described above) that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. In certain embodiments, compositions of this invention are formulated such that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight/day of a disclosed compound can be administered.

Typically, any agent that has activity against a disease or condition being treated may be co-administered. Examples of such agents can be found in Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology by V. T. Devita and S. Hellman (editors), 6th edition (Feb. 15, 2001), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers. A person of ordinary skill in the art would be able to discern which combinations of agents would be useful based on the particular characteristics of the drugs and the disease involved.

In one embodiment, the treatment method includes the co-administration of a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and at least one cytotoxic agent. The term “cytotoxic agent” as used herein refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents a cellular function and/or causes cell death or destruction. Cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, radioactive isotopes (e.g., At211, I131, I125, Y90, Re186, Re188, Sm153, Bi212, P32, Pb212 and radioactive isotopes of Lu); chemotherapeutic agents; growth inhibitory agents; enzymes and fragments thereof such as nucleolytic enzymes; and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, including fragments and/or variants thereof.

Any of the treatment methods involving a compound of formula (II-A) or (II-B) or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, also apply to a compound or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, of formula (II-AB).

Any of the treatment methods involving a compound of formula (II-A) or (II-B) or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, also apply to a compound or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, of formula (II-AB′).

Chemotherapeutic agents also include treatments for Alzheimer's Disease such as donepezil hydrochloride and rivastigmine; treatments for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone, ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexephendyl, and amantadine; agents for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex® and Rebif©), glatiramer acetate, and mitoxantrone; treatments for asthma such as albuterol and montelukast sodium; agents for treating schizophrenia such as zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, TNF blockers, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, interferons, corticosteroids, cyclophophamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine; neurotrophic factors such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, MAO inhibitors, interferons, anti-convulsants, ion channel blockers, riluzole, and anti-Parkinsonian agents; agents for treating cardiovascular disease such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and statins; agents for treating liver disease such as corticosteroids, cholestyramine, interferons, and anti-viral agents; agents for treating blood disorders such as corticosteroids, anti-leukemic agents, and growth factors; and agents for treating immunodeficiency disorders such as gamma globulin.

Additionally, chemotherapeutic agents include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of chemotherapeutic agents, described herein, as well as combinations of two or more of them.

In another embodiment, provided are methods of using a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, to treat cancer in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist.

In another embodiment, provided are methods of using a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, to treat cancer in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist.

In another embodiment, provided are methods of using a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein, or an embodiment or aspect thereof, to treat cancer in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist.

The term “PD-1 axis binding antagonist” refers to a molecule that inhibits the interaction of a PD-1 axis binding partner with either one or more of its binding partner, so as to remove T-cell dysfunction resulting from signaling on the PD-1 signaling axis—with a result being to restore or enhance T-cell function (e.g., proliferation, cytokine production, target cell killing). As used herein, a PD-1 axis binding antagonist includes a PD-1 binding antagonist, a PD-L1 binding antagonist and a PD-L2 binding antagonist.

The term “PD-1 binding antagonist” refers to a molecule that decreases, blocks, inhibits, abrogates or interferes with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-1 with one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-L1, PD-L2. In some embodiments, the PD-1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PD-1 to one or more of its binding partners. In a specific aspect, the PD-1 binding antagonist inhibits the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 and/or PD-L2. For example, PD-1 binding antagonists include anti-PD-1 antibodies, antigen binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides and other molecules that decrease, block, inhibit, abrogate or interfere with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 and/or PD-L2. In one embodiment, a PD-1 binding antagonist reduces the negative co-stimulatory signal mediated by or through cell surface proteins expressed on T lymphocytes mediated signaling through PD-1 so as render a dysfunctional T-cell less dysfunctional (e.g., enhancing effector responses to antigen recognition). In some embodiments, the PD-1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-1 antibody. Specific examples of PD-1 binding antagonists are provided infra.

The term “PD-L1 binding antagonist” refers to a molecule that decreases, blocks, inhibits, abrogates or interferes with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-L1 with either one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1, B7-1. In some embodiments, a PD-L1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PD-L1 to its binding partners. In a specific aspect, the PD-L1 binding antagonist inhibits binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 and/or B7-1. In some embodiments, the PD-L1 binding antagonists include anti-PD-L1 antibodies, antigen binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides and other molecules that decrease, block, inhibit, abrogate or interfere with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-L1 with one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1, B7-1. In one embodiment, a PD-L1 binding antagonist reduces the negative co-stimulatory signal mediated by or through cell surface proteins expressed on T lymphocytes mediated signaling through PD-L1 so as to render a dysfunctional T-cell less dysfunctional (e.g., enhancing effector responses to antigen recognition). In some embodiments, a PD-L1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-L1 antibody. Specific examples of PD-L1 binding antagonists are provided infra.

The term “PD-L2 binding antagonist” refers to a molecule that decreases, blocks, inhibits, abrogates or interferes with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-L2 with either one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1. In some embodiments, a PD-L2 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PD-L2 to one or more of its binding partners. In a specific aspect, the PD-L2 binding antagonist inhibits binding of PD-L2 to PD-1. In some embodiments, the PD-L2 antagonists include anti-PD-L2 antibodies, antigen binding fragments thereof, immunoadhesins, fusion proteins, oligopeptides and other molecules that decrease, block, inhibit, abrogate or interfere with signal transduction resulting from the interaction of PD-L2 with either one or more of its binding partners, such as PD-1. In one embodiment, a PD-L2 binding antagonist reduces the negative co-stimulatory signal mediated by or through cell surface proteins expressed on T lymphocytes mediated signaling through PD-L2 so as render a dysfunctional T-cell less dysfunctional (e.g., enhancing effector responses to antigen recognition). In some embodiments, a PD-L2 binding antagonist is an immunoadhesin.

PD-1 Axis Binding Antagonists

Provided herein are methods for treating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein. Also provided herein are methods of enhancing immune function or response in an individual (e.g., an individual having cancer) comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a compound of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein.

Provided herein are methods for treating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein. Also provided herein are methods of enhancing immune function or response in an individual (e.g., an individual having cancer) comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a compound of formula (II-AB), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein.

Provided herein are methods for treating cancer in an individual comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein. Also provided herein are methods of enhancing immune function or response in an individual (e.g., an individual having cancer) comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of a PD-1 axis binding antagonist and a compound of formula (II-AB′), or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described elsewhere herein.

In such methods, the PD-1 axis binding antagonist includes a PD-1 binding antagonist, a PDL1 binding antagonist, and/or a PDL2 binding antagonist. Alternative names for “PD-1” include CD279 and SLEB2. Alternative names for “PDL1” include B7-H1, B7-4, CD274, and B7-H. Alternative names for “PDL2” include B7-DC, Btdc, and CD273. In some embodiments, PD-1, PDL1, and PDL2 are human PD-1, PDL1 and PDL2.

In some embodiments, the PD-1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PD-1 to its ligand binding partner(s). In a specific aspect the PD-1 ligand binding partners are PDL1 and/or PDL2. In another embodiment, a PDL1 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PDL1 to its binding partner(s). In a specific aspect, PDL1 binding partner(s) are PD-1 and/or B7-1. In another embodiment, the PDL2 binding antagonist is a molecule that inhibits the binding of PDL2 to its binding partner(s). In a specific aspect, a PDL2 binding partner is PD-1. The antagonist may be an antibody, an antigen binding fragment thereof, an immunoadhesin, a fusion protein, an oligopeptide or a small molecule. If the antagonist is an antibody, in some embodiments the antibody comprises a human constant region selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4

In some embodiments, the PD-1 binding antagonist is an anti-PD-1 antibody. A variety of anti-PDL1 antibodies can be utilized in the methods disclosed herein. In any of the embodiments herein, the PD-1 antibody can bind to a human PD-1 or a variant thereof. In some embodiments the anti-PD-1 antibody is a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab′, Fab′-SH, Fv, scFv, and (Fab′)2 fragments. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is a chimeric or humanized antibody. In other embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is a human antibody.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab (CAS Registry Number: 946414-94-4). Nivolumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb/Ono), also known as MDX-1106-04, MDX-1106, ONO-4538, BMS-936558, and OPDIVO®, is an anti-PD-1 antibody described in WO2006/121168. Nivolumab comprises a heavy chain and a light chain sequence, wherein:

(a) the heavy chain comprises the amino acid

(b) the light chain comprises the amino acid

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises the six HVR sequences from SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 (e.g., the three heavy chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:1 and the three light chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:2). In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises the heavy chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:1 and the light chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:2.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is pembrolizumab (CAS Registry Number: 1374853-91-4). Pembrolizumab (Merck), also known as MK-3475, Merck 3475, lambrolizumab, SCH-900475, and KEYTRUDA® is an anti-PD-1 antibody described in WO2009/114335. Pembrolizumab comprises a heavy chain and a light chain sequence, wherein:

(a) the heavy chain comprises the amino acid

(b) the light chain comprises the amino acid

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises the six HVR sequences from SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4 (e.g., the three heavy chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:3 and the three light chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:4). In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises the heavy chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:3 and the light chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:4.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is PDR001 (CAS Registry No. 1859072-53-9; Novartis). PDR001 is a humanized IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody that blocks the binding of PDL1 and PDL2 to PD-1.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is REGN2810 (Regeneron). REGN2810 is a human anti-PD1 antibody.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is BGB-108 (BeiGene). In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is BGB-A317 (BeiGene).

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is JS-001 (Shanghai Junshi). JS-001 is a humanized anti-PD1 antibody.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is STI-A1110 (Sorrento). STI-A1110 is a human anti-PD1 antibody.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is INCSHR-1210 (Incyte). INCSHR-1210 is a human IgG4 anti-PD1 antibody.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is PF-06801591 (Pfizer).

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is TSR-042 (also known as ANBO11; Tesaro/AnaptysBio).

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is AM0001 (ARMO Biosciences).

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is ENUM 244C8 (Enumeral Biomedical Holdings). ENUM 244C8 is an anti-PD1 antibody that inhibits PD-1 function without blocking binding of PDL1 to PD-1.

In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is ENUM 388D4 (Enumeral Biomedical Holdings). ENUM 388D4 is an anti-PD1 antibody that competitively inhibits binding of PDL1 to PD-1.

In some embodiments, the PD-1 axis binding antagonist is an anti-PDL1 antibody. A variety of anti-PDL1 antibodies are contemplated and described herein. In any of the embodiments herein, the isolated anti-PDL1 antibody can bind to ahuman PDL1, for example a human PDL1 as shown in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Accession No.Q9NZQ7.1, or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is capable of inhibiting binding between PDL1 and PD-1 and/or between PDL1 and B7-1. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab′-SH, Fv, scFv, and (Fab′)2 fragments. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is a chimeric or humanized antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is a human antibody. Examples of anti-PDL1 antibodies useful in the methods of this invention and methods of making them are described in PCT patent application WO 2010/077634 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,217,149, both of which are incorporated herein.

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is atezolizumab (CAS Registry Number: 1422185-06-5). Atezolizumab (Genentech), also known as MPDL3280A, is an anti-PDL1 antibody.

Atezolizumab comprises a heavy chain and a light chain sequence, wherein:

(a) the heavy chain variable region sequence

comprises the amino acid sequence:

(b) the light chain variable region sequence

comprises the amino acid sequence:

Atezolizumab comprises a heavy chain and a light chain sequence, wherein:

(a) the heavy chain comprises the amino acid

(b) the light chain comprises the amino acid

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is avelumab (CAS Registry Number: 1537032-82-8). Avelumab, also known as MSB0010718C, is a human monoclonal IgG1 anti-PDL1 antibody (Merck KGaA, Pfizer). Avelumab comprises a heavy chain and a light chain sequence, wherein:

(a) the heavy chain comprises the amino acid

(b) the light chain comprises the amino acid

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody comprises the six HVR sequences from SEQ ID NO:15 and SEQ ID NO:16 (e.g., the three heavy chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:15 and the three light chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:16). In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody comprises the heavy chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:15 and the light chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:16.

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is durvalumab (CAS Registry Number: 1428935-60-7). Durvalumab, also known as MEDI4736, is an Fc-optimized human monoclonal IgG1 kappa anti-PDL1 antibody (MedImmune, AstraZeneca) described in WO2011/066389 and US2013/034559. Durvalumab comprises a heavy chain and a light chain sequence, wherein:

(a) the heavy chain comprises the amino acid

(b) the light chain comprises the amino acid

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody comprises the six HVR sequences from SEQ ID NO:17 and SEQ ID NO:18 (e.g., the three heavy chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:17 and the three light chain HVRs from SEQ ID NO:18). In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody comprises the heavy chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:17 and the light chain variable domain from SEQ ID NO:18.

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is MDX-1105 (Bristol Myers Squibb). MDX-1105, also known as BMS-936559, is an anti-PDL1 antibody described in WO2007/005874.

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is LY3300054 (Eli Lilly).

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is STI-A1014 (Sorrento). STI-A1014 is a human anti-PDL1 antibody.

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is KN035 (Suzhou Alphamab). KN035 is single-domain antibody (dAB) generated from a camel phage display library.

In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody comprises a cleavable moiety or linker that, when cleaved (e.g., by a protease in the tumor microenvironment), activates an antibody antigen binding domain to allow it to bind its antigen, e.g., by removing a non-binding steric moiety. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 antibody is CX-072 (CytomX Therapeutics).

In some embodiments, the PDL1 antibody comprises the six HVR sequences (e.g., the three heavy chain HVRs and the three light chain HVRs) and/or the heavy chain variable domain and light chain variable domain from a PDL1 antibody described in US20160108123 (Assigned to Novartis), WO2016/000619 (Applicant: Beigene), WO2012/145493 (Applicant: Amplimmune), U.S. Pat. No. 9,205,148 (Assigned to MedImmune), WO2013/181634 (Applicant: Sorrento), and WO2016/061142 (Applicant: Novartis).

Other PD-1 Antagonists

In some embodiments, the PD-1 binding antagonist is an immunoadhesin (e.g., an immunoadhesin comprising an extracellular or PD-1 binding portion of PDL1 or PDL2 fused to a constant region (e.g., an Fc region of an immunoglobulin sequence). In some embodiments, the PD-1 binding antagonist is AMP-224. AMP-224 (CAS Registry No. 1422184-00-6; GlaxoSmithKline/MedImmune), also known as B7-DCIg, is a PDL2-Fc fusion soluble receptor described in WO2010/027827 and WO2011/066342.

In some embodiments, the PDL1 binding antagonist is a small molecule that inhibits PD-1. In some embodiments, the PDL1 binding antagonist is a small molecule that inhibits PDL1. In some embodiments, the PDL1 binding antagonist is a small molecule that inhibits PDL1 and VISTA. In some embodiments, the PDL1 binding antagonist is CA-170 (also known as AUPM-170). In some embodiments, the PDL1 binding antagonist is a small molecule that inhibits PDL1 and TIM3. In some embodiments, the small molecule is a compound described in WO2015/033301 and WO2015/033299.

In some embodiments, the any of the treatment methods using compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or stereoisomers or tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, also apply to a compound of formula (II-AB), or stereoisomers or tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, the any of the treatment methods using compounds of formula (II-A) or formula (II-B), or stereoisomers or tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, also apply to a compound of formula (II-AB′), or stereoisomers or tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing.

As used herein “combination” refers to any mixture or permutation of one or more compounds of the disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) and one or more other compounds of the disclosure or one or more additional therapeutic agent. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, “combination” may include simultaneous or sequentially delivery of a compound of the invention with one or more therapeutic agents. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, “combination” may include dosage forms of a compound of the disclosure with another therapeutic agent. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, “combination” may include routes of administration of a compound of the disclosure with another therapeutic agent. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, “combination” may include formulations of a compound of the disclosure with another therapeutic agent. Dosage forms, routes of administration and pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to, those described herein.

In some embodiments, provided herein are compositions, methods, and kits, comprising: (i) one or more TEAD inhibitors (e.g., any one of the TEAD inhibitors described herein, including but not limited to, any one of compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or any variations or embodiments thereof), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (ii) one or more KRAS inhibitors (e.g., any one of compounds of formula (K-I), (K-II), (K-III), or (K-IV) or any variations or embodiments thereof), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. TEAD inhibitors may, in some embodiments, be referred to as YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors. In some embodiments, the one or more KRAS inhibitor is a G12C KRAS inhibitor.

In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of reducing resistance of a subject to treatment with a KRAS inhibitor, wherein the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof one or more TEAD inhibitors, such as a TEAD inhibitor provided herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the TEAD inhibitor is co-administered to the subject with the KRAS inhibitor. Also provided herein are kits comprising one or more TEAD inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionally one or more KRAS inhibitors, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and instructions for use in reducing resistance of a subject to treatment with a KRAS inhibitor. In some embodiments, the reduction in resistance is sufficient for the subject to overcome resistance to treatment with a KRAS inhibitor. In some embodiments, the subject has experienced resistance to treatment with a KRAS inhibitor. In some embodiments, treatment with a KRAS inhibitor and a TEAD inhibitor decreases the likelihood of a subject receiving treatment with a KRAS inhibitor to develop resistance to such KRAS inhibitor.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-I):

Description of formula (K-I) can be found in US2018/0334454A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Formula (K-I) is described as formula (II) in US2018/0334454A1 (see, e.g., paragraphs [0033]-[0053]), which paragraphs and description of formula (II) and methods of making compounds of formula (II) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-I), such as J, Q, M, E1, E2, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined in US2018/0334454A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-I-A):

Description of formula (K-I-A) can be found in WO2021/081212A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Formula (K-I-A) is described as formula (I) in WO2021/081212A1 (see, e.g., Embodiment 1, paragraph [0037]), which paragraphs and description of formula (I) and methods of making compounds of formula (I) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-I-A), such as R1, R2, R3, and R8 are as defined in WO2021/081212A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, a compound of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A) is sotorasib (Compound K1), or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. Sotorasib is chemically described as 4-((S)-4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one, having the structure below:

Description of sotorasib (Compound K1) and methods of making sotorasib can be found in US2018/0334454A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Description of sotorasib (Compound K1) and methods of making sotorasib can be found in, e.g., Example 41, pages 210-212 of US2018/0334454A1.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-II):

Description of formula (K-II) can be found in WO2021/124222A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Formula (K-II) is described as Formula (I) in WO2021/124222A1 (see, e.g., pages 5-13 and Embodiment 1 pages 29-32), which paragraphs and description of Formula (I) and methods of making compounds of Formula (I) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-II), such as A, B, C, L, and G are as defined in WO2021/124222A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-II-A):

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein A, B, and C are as defined in formula (K-II). It is understood that A, B, and C of such embodiments of compounds of Formula (K-II-A) may include A, B, and C as described for Formula (K-II). Formula (K-II-A) is described as formula (Ia) in, e.g., Embodiment 21, of WO2021/124222A1, which paragraphs and description of formula (Ia) and methods of making compounds of formula (Ia) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-II-A), such as A, B, and C are as defined in WO2021/124222A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-II-B) or (K-II-C):

Formulae (K-II-B) and (K-II-C) are described as formula (Ib*) and (Id*), respectively in, e.g., Embodiment 39 and 41, of WO2021/124222A1, which paragraphs and description of formula (Ib*) or (Id*) and methods of making compounds of formula (Ib*) or (Id*) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-II-B) or (K-II-C), such as A, C, RB2, RB3, RB4, RN, and Rae are as defined in WO2021/124222A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, a compound of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-II-C) is Compound K2, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. Compound K2 is chemically described as 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one, having the structure below:

Description of Compound K2 and methods of making Compound K2 can be found in, e.g., Method 1-Synthetic Scheme on pages 111 to 114 of WO2021/124222A1.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-III):

Description of formula (K-III) can be found in US2019/0144444A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Formula (K-III) is described as Formula (II) in US2019/0144444A1 (see, e.g., paragraphs [0169]-[0193]), which paragraphs and description of Formula (II) and methods of making compounds of Formula (II) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-III), such as X, Y, L, m, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined in US2019/0144444A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-III-A):

where the piperazinyl ring is optionally substituted with R8; or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein R1, R3, R4, R8, L, and m are as defined in Formula (K-III). It is understood that R1, R3, R4, R8, L, and m of such embodiments of compounds of Formula (K-III-A) may include R1, R3, R4, R8, L, and m as described for Formula (K-III). Formula (K-III-A) is described as Formula (II-B) in, e.g., paragraphs [0231]-[0241] of US2019/0144444A1, which paragraphs and description of Formula (II-B) and methods of making compounds of Formula (II-B) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-III-A), such as L, m, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined in US2019/0144444A1, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, a compound of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A) is adagrasib (Compound K3), or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. Adagrasib is chemically described as 2-((S)-4-(7-(8-chloronaphthalen-1-yl)-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-(2-fluoroacryloyl)piperazin-2-yl)acetonitrile, having the structure below:

Description of adagrasib (Compound K3) and methods of making adagrasib can be found in, e.g., Example 478 on pages 668-669 of US2019/0144444A1.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-IV):

Description of formula (K-IV) can be found in US2021/0230142A9, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Formula (K-IV) is described as Formula (I) in US2021/0230142A9 (see, e.g., paragraphs [0113]-[0132]), which paragraphs and description of Formula (I) and methods of making compounds of Formula (I) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-IV), such as U, V, W, X, Y, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in US2021/0230142A9, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-IV-A):

Formula (K-IV-A) is described as Formula (II) in, e.g., paragraph [0137] of US2021/0230142A9, which paragraphs and description of Formula (II) and methods of making compounds of Formula (II) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formula (K-IV-A), such as U, V, W, X, Y, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, and R9 are as defined in US2021/0230142A9, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-IV-B) or (K-IV-C):

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein U, V, W, Y, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in Formula (K-IV). It is understood that U, V, W, Y, R2, R3, R4, and R5 of such embodiments of compounds of Formulae (K-IV-B) and (K-IV-C) may include U, V, W, Y, R2, R3, R4, and R5 as described for Formula (K-IV). Formulae (K-IV-B) and (K-IV-C) are described as Formulae (Ib) and (IVb), respectively, in, e.g., paragraphs [0277] and [0285] of US2021/0230142A9, which paragraphs and description of Formula (Ib) or (IVb) and methods of making compounds of Formula (Ib) or (IVb) are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moieties of formulae (K-IV-B) and (K-IV-C), such as U, V, W, Y, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in US2021/0230142A9, including any variations or embodiments thereof.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, a compound of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C) is Compound K4, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. Compound K2 is chemically described as 1-((S)-4-((R)-7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, having the structure below:

Description of Compound K4 and methods of making Compound K4 can be found in, e.g., Example 17a & 17b on pages 130 to 135 of US2021/0230142A9.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a G12C KRAS inhibitor (e.g., any one of Compound K1, Compound K2, Compound K3, and Compound K4). G12C KRAS inhibitors are described in, for example, Hallin et al. (Cancer Discov, 2020, 10(1): 54-71), Skoulidis et al. (N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 384(25): 2371-2381), and Hong et al. (N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 383(13): 1207-1217), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and specifically with respect to G12C KRAS inhibitors described therein.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of compounds T1, T2, T3, and T4 as listed in Table 2, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of the compounds listed in Table 1, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of compounds K1, K2, K3, and K4 as listed in Table 2, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.

Compound

Number
Structure
Chemical name

T1 (also referred to as Compound 12)

T2 (also referred to as Compound 27)

T3 (also referred to as Compound 28)

T4 (also referred to as Compound 29)

In some embodiments, the YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of:

In some embodiments, the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of:

In some embodiments, the compositions, methods, or kits, comprise one or more TEAD inhibitors (e.g., any one of the TEAD inhibitors described herein, including but not limited to, any one of compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), (II-A-20), (II-B), or (II-B-18), or any variations or embodiments thereof) and one or more KRAS inhibitors (e.g., any one of compounds of formula (K-I), (K-I-A), (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), (K-II-C), (K-III), (K-III-A), (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C) or any variations or embodiments thereof). TEAD inhibitors may, in some embodiments, be referred to as YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors. In some embodiments, in conjunction with embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors may be a G12C KRAS inhibitor (e.g., Compound K1, Compound K2, Compound K3, or Compound K4). Each and every combination of TEAD inhibitor and KRAS inhibitor is intended the same as if each and every combination is specifically and individually listed. Thus, for example, it is intended that any combination of: (1) a compound of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), (II-A-20), (II-B), or (II-B-18), or any variation or embodiment thereof; and (2) a compound of formula (K-I), (K-I-A), (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), (K-II-C), (K-III), (K-III-A), (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C), or any variation or embodiment thereof, is provided herein.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-A-20) (e.g., Compound T1, Compound T2, Compound T3, or Compound T4) and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-I) (e.g., Compound K1). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-A-20) (e.g., Compound T1, Compound T2, Compound T3, or Compound T4) and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-II) (e.g., Compound K2). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-A-20) (e.g., Compound T1, Compound T2, Compound T3, or Compound T4) and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-III) (e.g., Compound K3). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-A-20) (e.g., Compound T1, Compound T2, Compound T3, or Compound T4) and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise a compound of formula (K-IV) (e.g., Compound K4).

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), (II-A-20), or (II-B), and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C). In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K4. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), (II-A-20), or (II-B), and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A). In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K3. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), (II-A-20), or (II-B), and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-III-C). In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K2. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), (II-A-20), or (II-B), and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A). In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K1. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3. In some embodiments, in conjunction with the embodiments above or below, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of Table 1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C). In some embodiments, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K4. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of Table 1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A). In some embodiments, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K3. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of Table 1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-II-C). In some embodiments, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K2. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from compounds of Table 1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A). In some embodiments, the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K1.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-II-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K4. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K3. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K2. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T1, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K1.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-II-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K4. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K3. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K2. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T2, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K1.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-II-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K4. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K3. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K2. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T3, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K1.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-IV), (K-IV-A), (K-IV-B), or (K-IV-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-III) or (K-III-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-II), (K-II-A), (K-II-B), or (K-II-C). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from compounds of formula (K-I) or (K-I-A). In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K4. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K3. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K2. In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors comprise Compound T4, and the one or more KRAS inhibitors comprise Compound K1.

In some embodiments, the one or more TEAD inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of:

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing; and the one or more KRAS inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of:

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a combination, comprising one or more TEAD inhibitors (e.g., any one of the TEAD inhibitors described herein, including but not limited to, any one of compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or any variations or embodiments thereof) and one or more KRAS inhibitors (e.g., any one of compounds of formula (K-I), (K-II), (K-III), or (K-IV) or any variations or embodiments thereof). In some embodiments, the KRAS inhibitor is a G12C KRAS inhibitor.

In some aspects, provided herein is a method of treating a disease or condition mediated by KRAS activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a combination, comprising: i) one or more TEAD inhibitors; and (ii) one or more KRAS inhibitors. In some embodiments, the disease or condition mediated by KRAS activity is cancer.

In some aspects, provided herein is a method of treating a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a combination, comprising: i) one or more TEAD inhibitors; and (ii) one or more KRAS inhibitors. In some embodiments, the disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity is cancer.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of reducing resistance of a subject to treatment comprising one or more KRAS inhibitors (e.g., any one of compounds of formula (K-I), (K-II), (K-III), or (K-IV), or any variations or embodiments thereof), wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more TEAD inhibitors (e.g., any one of the TEAD inhibitors described herein, including but not limited to, any one of compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or any variations or embodiments thereof).

In some embodiments, provided herein are kits, comprising (i) one or more TEAD inhibitors (e.g., any one of the TEAD inhibitors described herein, including but not limited to, any one of compounds of formula (II-AB′), (II-AB), (II-A), or (II-B), or any variations or embodiments thereof); (ii) one or more KRAS inhibitors (e.g., any one of compounds of formula (K-I), (K-II), (K-III), or (K-IV), or any variations or embodiments thereof); and (iii) instructions for administering the combination to treat cancer in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the KRAS inhibitor is a G12C KRAS inhibitor.

ENUMERATED EMBODIMENTS

In one aspect provided herein is a list of embodiments as enumerated below:

Embodiment 1. A compound of formula (II-A) or II-B):

R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halo; S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

Embodiment 6. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl substituted with one or more R2,

R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halo; S(Ry)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

Embodiment 7. The compound of embodiment 5 or 6, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is halomethoxy.

Embodiment 8. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein

Embodiment 15. The compound of embodiment 13, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

16. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl fused to ring A.

Embodiment 17. The compound of embodiment 16, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl fused to ring A is

Embodiment 18. The compound of embodiment 17, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 19. The compound of embodiment 17, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 20. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a phenyl fused to ring A,

Embodiment 21. The compound of embodiment 20, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 22. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a C5-6cycloalkyl fused to ring A,

Embodiment 23. The compound of embodiment 22. or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 24. The compound of embodiment 1, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 26. The compound of embodiment 1, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 28. The compound of any one of embodiments 1 to 27, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H.

Embodiment 29. The compound of embodiment 1, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 30. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising (i) a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.

Embodiment 31. A compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in medical therapy.

Embodiment 33. A method for treating cancer in a mammal, comprising administering a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

Embodiment 34. A compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in modulating TEAD activity.

Embodiment 35. A compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

Embodiment 37. The use of a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity.

Embodiment 39. A method for modulating TEAD activity, comprising contacting TEAD with a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment 40. A method for treating a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity in a mammal, comprising administering a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

Embodiment 42. The use of a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for modulating TEAD activity.

Embodiment 43. The use of a compound as described in any one of embodiments 1-29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

Embodiment A1. A compound of formula (II-AB):

wherein * denotes the point of attachment to Z, and ** denotes the point of attachment to

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment A3. A compound of embodiment A1, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is a compound of formula (II-B):

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment A4. The compound of any one of embodiments A1-A3, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra or —S(O)2Rb, Ra and Rb are each independently i) C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6alkyl, halo and haloC1-6alkyl; or ii) C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo.

Embodiment A5. The compound of embodiment A4, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra and Ra is C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyl C1-6alkyl, halo and haloC1-6alkyl.

Embodiment A6. The compound of embodiment A5, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra and Ra is ethenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from deuterium and halo.

Embodiment A7. The compound of embodiment A6, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is —C(O)Ra and Ra is C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted with one or more halo.

Embodiment A8. The compound of embodiment A5, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is

Embodiment A9. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A8, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is phenyl substituted with one or more Rt2, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halo; S(RY)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

Embodiment A10. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A9, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is phenyl substituted with one or more R2, wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halomethoxy.

Embodiment 11. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A10, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is

Embodiment A12. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A8, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein B is 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl substituted with one or more R2,

wherein R2 is independently, at each occurrence, halo; S(RY)5, wherein each Ry is halo; or C1-6alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo.

Embodiment A13. The compound of embodiment A1, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment A16. The compound of embodiment A3, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is a compound of formula (II-B-18)

or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment A17. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A15, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R3 is H.

Embodiment A18. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A17, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Embodiment A25. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A22, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl fused to ring A.

Embodiment A26. The compound of embodiment A25, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the 5 to 6 membered heterocyclyl fused to ring A is

Embodiment A27. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A1-A18 and A20-A22, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a phenyl fused to ring A,

Embodiment A28. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A1-A18 and A20-A22, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is taken together with R1 and the atoms to which they are attached, to form a C5-6cycloalkyl fused to ring A,

Embodiment A29. The compound of any one of embodiments A1 to A15, or a stereoisomer or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

Embodiment A30. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising (i) a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.

Embodiment A31. A compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in medical therapy.

Embodiment A33. A compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in modulating TEAD activity.

Embodiment A34. A compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

Embodiment A35. The use of a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of prophylaxis of a disease or condition that is mediated by TEAD activity.

Embodiment A36. A method for treating cancer in a mammal, comprising administering a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

Embodiment A37. A method for modulating TEAD activity, comprising contacting TEAD with a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Embodiment A38. A method for treating a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity in a mammal, comprising administering a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the mammal.

Embodiment A39. The use of a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for modulating TEAD activity.

Embodiment A40. The use of a compound as described in any one of embodiments A1-A29, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition mediated by TEAD activity.

Preparation of Compounds

The following synthetic reaction schemes detailed in the General Schemes and Examples are merely illustrative of some of the methods by which the compounds of the present disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) can be synthesized. Various modifications to these synthetic reaction schemes can be made and will be suggested to one skilled in the art having referred to the disclosure contained in this Application.

The starting materials and reagents used in preparing these compounds generally are either available from commercial suppliers, such as Aldrich Chemical Co., or are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art following procedures set forth in references such as Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1991, Volumes 1-15; Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989, Volumes 1-5 and Supplementals; and Organic Reactions, Wiley & Sons: New York, 1991, Volumes 1-40.

Unless specified to the contrary, the reactions described herein preferably are conducted under an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure at a reaction temperature range of from about −78° C. to about 150° C., more preferably from about 0° C. to about 125° C.

Although certain exemplary embodiments are depicted and described herein, the compounds of the present disclosure (or an embodiment or aspect thereof) can be prepared using appropriate starting materials according to the methods described generally herein and/or by methods available to one of ordinary skill in the art.

Intermediates and final compounds were purified by either flash chromatography, and/or by reverse-phase preparative HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), and/or by supercritical fluid chromatography, and/or by Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (Prep TLC).

Mass spectrometry (MS) was performed using a (1) Sciex 15 mass spectrometer in ES+ mode, or (2) Shimadzu liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) 2020 mass spectrometer in ESI+ mode. Mass spectra data generally only indicates the parent ions unless otherwise stated. MS or HRMS data is provided for a particular intermediate or compound where indicated.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was performed using a (1) Bruker AV III 300 NMR spectrometer, (2) Bruker AV III 400 NMR spectrometer, or (3) Bruker AV III 500 NMR spectrometer, and referenced to tetramethylsilane. NMR data is provided for a particular intermediate or compound where indicated.

All reactions involving air-sensitive reagents were performed under an inert atmosphere. Reagents were used as received from commercial suppliers unless otherwise noted.

The following generalized schemes are used to prepare the disclosed compounds, intermediates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Disclosed compounds and intermediates may be prepared using standard organic synthetic techniques and from commercially available starting materials and reagents. It will be appreciated that synthetic procedures employed in the preparation of disclosed compounds and intermediates will depend on the particular substituents present in the compound or intermediate and that various protection, deprotection, and conversion steps that are standard in organic synthesis may be required, but may not be illustrated in the following general schemes. It is also to be understood that any of the steps shown in any of the following general schemes may be used in any combination and in any order that is chemically feasible to achieve a desired intermediate or disclosed compound.

SYNTHETIC PROCEDURES

To the mixture of 4-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (30.0 g, 128.5 mmol) in TFA (300 mL) was added HNO3 (11.4 mL, 257.0 mmol) at 0° C. dropwise slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0° C. The reaction mixture was quenched with aq. NaOH, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (0-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (27.0 g, 76%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 4.88 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).

To a solution of 4-bromo-7-chloro-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (20.0 g, 72 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added iron powder (20.0 g, 360 mmol) and HOAc (21 mL, 360 mmol). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water (300 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 by 2M aq. NaOH. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (17.0 g, 95%) as a yellow solid. The crude product was used for next step directly without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.65 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.26 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); LCMS (ESI): m/z 247.8 (M+H)+.

Intermediate A

A mixture of NH4Cl (26.95 g, 503.78 mmol) and sulfur (16.15 g, 503.78 mmol) in a mixture of 120 mL of water and 480 mL of ethanol was stirred at 100° C. under nitrogen for 1 h. The solution was added into a stirred suspension of 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline (120.0 g, 457.98 mmol) and Na2S·9H2O (110.0 g, 457.98 mmol) in ethanol (480 mL) and water (840 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. Then 540 mL of 2N NaOH solution was added into dropwise during a period of 30 min and the mixture was then stirred for a further 15 minutes at 80° C. After cooling, the mixture was poured into a mixture of 2N HCl (540 mL), 1 kg ice and 1 L of water, and then the mixture was stirred for 15 min to complete the reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered to afford the title compound (100.0 g, 94%) as a brown solid, which was used for the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 232.0 (M+H)+.

To the mixture of 3-bromo-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine (100.0 g, 430.98 mmol) in water (2 L) was added 40% aq.oxalaldehyde (98.87 mL, 861.96 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours. After cooled to 10° C. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water (200 mL×2). The filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (100.0 g, crude) as a rust-colored solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 254.0 (M+H)+.

To the mixture of 5-bromo-7-nitroquinoxaline (400.0 g, 1.57 mol) in ethanol (1.5 L) and water (1.0 L) was added iron (440 g, 7.87 mol) and NH4Cl (422 g, 7.87 mol). The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (1.5 L). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was diluted with water (5.0 L) and filtered to afford the title compound (300.0 g, 85%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 223.8 (M+H)+.

Intermediate B

Intermediate C

A mixture of (R)-1-(6-iodo-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-yl)ethane-1,2-diol (11.0 g, 23.1 mmol), potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (8.21 g, 34.65 mmol), Cs2CO3 (22.58 g, 69.3 mmol) and CATACXIUM A Pd G2 (0.93 g, 1.39 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (20 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3) and washed with water (500 mL×3). The organic was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound (9.0 g, 81%) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 480.2 (M+H)+.

Intermediate D

Intermediate E

To a solution of tert-butyl (R)-((5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (100.0 g, 208.57 mmol) in THF (1 L) was added con.HCl (250 mL) at 0° C. dropwise. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (100 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 with sat.NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (75.0 g, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 380.2 (M+H)+.

Intermediate F

Intermediate G

To a solution of 8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-amine (5.0 g, 16.38 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added NCS (2.19 g, 16.38 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The mixture was quenched with water (100 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (5.5 g, 99%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 339.9 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of 5-chloro-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-amine (5.6 g, 16.49 mmol), CuBr2 (3.68 g, 16.49 mmol) and TBAB (5.31 g, 16.49 mmol) in acetonitrile (200 mL) was added tert-butyl nitrite (1.96 mL, 16.49 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (5.2 g, 78%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 402.8 (M+H)+.

Intermediate H

A solution of tert-butyl (R)-3-(5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (600 mg, 1.19 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was quenched with water (100 mL), then adjusted pH to 8 with aq.NaHCO3 solution, extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with water (150 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (450 mg, crude) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 406.2 (M+H)+.

Intermediate I

A solution of tert-butyl (S)-3-(5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (800 mg, 1.58 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (10 mL) was stirred for at room temperature 1 h. The mixture was quenched with water (100 mL) then adjusted pH to 8 with aq.NaHCO3 solution. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (600 mg crude) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 406.2 (M+H)+.

Intermediate J

Intermediate K

Intermediate L

To a mixture of tert-butyl 3-(7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (0.2 mL) at 0° C., the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with ammonia (1 mL). The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (70 mg, crude) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 353.1 (M+H)+.

Intermediate M

A mixture of 6-nitro-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazole (2.8 g, 8.64 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (92 mg, 0.86 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h under H2 (15 psi). The reaction was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (2.52 g, crude) as a black solid. The crude product was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 295.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-7-vinylbenzo[d]oxazol-6-amine (2.0 g, 6.24 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) was added con.HCl (1.04 mL, 12.49 mmol) at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. at for 5 mins. Solution of NaNO2 (453 mg, 6.56 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added into it drop wise at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 mins. The reaction mixture turned into clear pale yellow solution. Solution of KI (2.07 g, 12.49 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added drop wise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. Then the solution was stirred at 0° C. for 30 mins. The reaction mixture was quenched with cold water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (80 mL×2). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-15% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (895 mg, 33%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.13 (m, 3H), 7.52 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (dd, J=17.6, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (dd, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.83 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H); LCMS (ESI): m/z 431.9 (M+H)+.

Intermediate N

To a solution of ethyl 3-amino-4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate (8.0 g, 28.0 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) was added BBr3 (2.7 mL, 28.0 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with H2O (300 mL), then the solution was adjusted pH to 8 with 2M NaOH. Then the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (15.0 g, 86%) as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.44 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate O

Intermediate P

A solution of 2-chloro-9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purine (600 mg, 1.83 mmol) and 33% HBr in acetic acid (10 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with DCM (5 mL), the precipitate was filtered and washed with DCM (5 mL). The filter cake was dried in vacuo to afford the title compound (650 mg, crude) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 372.8 (M+H)+.

Intermediate Q

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-(9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.45 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat.NaHCO3 (30 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL×2), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the crude title compound (155 mg, crude) as a white solid. The crude product was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 349.9 (M+H)+.

Intermediate R

A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (110 mg) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (100 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. The crude would be used in the next step directly.

Intermediate S

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-(5-oxo-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-6(5H)-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 12 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was poured into aq.NaHCO3 (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×2), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (60 mg, crude) as a light yellow solid. The residue was used directly for next step.

Intermediate T

A solution of tert-butyl 3-(3-methyl-4-oxo-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (230 mg, 0.50 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (6.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solution was quenched with sat.NaHCO3 (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL×3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (180 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 365.0 (M+H)+.

Intermediate U

Intermediate V

Intermediate W

A mixture of methyl 1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylate (12.0 g, 34.24 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (3.3 g, 137.0 mmol) in THF (150 mL) and water (30 mL) was stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (500 mL) and adjusted pH=3 with 2 M HCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL×2), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (10.0 g, 87%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 336.9 (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)carbamate (12.0 g, 29.4 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) was added TFA (11 mL, 147.28 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with water (300 mL) and adjusted pH=8 with sat.NaHCO3, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (9.0 g, crude). The crude product would be directly used in the next step without purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 308.1 (M+H)+.

Intermediate X

Intermediate Y

A solution of 8-fluoroquinoline-6-carbonitrile (8.0 g, 46.47 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (9.04 g, 55.76 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (37.85 g, 116.17 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was stirred at 90° C. under N2 atmosphere for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (300 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (0-25% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (12.0 g, 82%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 315.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of Raney Ni (112 mg, 1.91 mmol) and 8-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)quinoline-6-carbonitrile (6.0 g, 19.09 mmol) in methanol (70 mL) and NH3—H2O (30 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours under H2 balloon. After filtration, the mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (6.0 g, crude) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 319.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of methyl 5-bromo-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylate (780 mg, 1.9 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added CuCN (335 mg, 3.8 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 16 hours. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL×4). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (430 mg, 63%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.77-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.78 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.65 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).

To a mixture of methyl 5-cyano-7-(4-(pentafluoro-16-sulfaneyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylate (110 mg, 0.27 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LiAlH4 (52 mg, 1.35 mmol) slowly at 0° C. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. KHSO4 and dried over MgSO4. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to the title compound (60 mg, 58%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 364.9 (M-NH2)+.

To a mixture of methyl 5-cyano-7-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.4 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added LiAlH4 (76 mg, 2.0 mmol) slowly at 0° C. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. KHSO4 and dried over MgSO4. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the title compound (90 mg, 64%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 341.1 (M-NH2)+.

To a solution of methyl 5-cyano-7-(5-isopropoxythiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.26 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LiAlH4 (49.6 mg, 1.31 mmol) slowly at 0° C. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. KHSO4 and dried over MgSO4. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford the title compound (83 mg, 99%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 321.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of (5-(1-aminoethyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methanol (28 mg, 0.08 mmol), sat. aq. NaHCO3 (0.2 mL) in THF (5 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (8 mg, 0.08 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The organics were washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (acetonitrile 50-80/0.225% FA in water) to afford the title compound (6 mg, 18%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 430 (M+Na)+.

To a solution of 1-(7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-5-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-1H-imidazole (170 mg, 0.46 mmol) in THF (1 mL) and Water (0.2 mL) at 0° C. was added OSO4 (17.0 mg, 0.07 mmol) and NaIO4 (391 mg, 1.83 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat aq. NaHSO3. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). Combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (120 mg, 70%) as brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 375.1 (M+H)+.

The mixture of 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde (160 mg, 0.43 mmol), 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (52 mg, 0.43 mmol) and titanium ethoxide (195 mg, 0.85 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. Then NaBH4 (25 mg, 0.67 mmol) was added into the reaction. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours under N2 atmosphere again. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), which was washed with water (30 mL). The organic layer was separated and dried with Na2SO4. After filtration, the organic layer was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% methanol in dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (150 mg, 73%) as yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 480.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of ethyl 3-amino-4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate (8.0 g, 28.0 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) was added BBr3 (2.7 mL, 28.0 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 hours. The mixture was then quenched with H2O (300 mL) and the solution was adjusted to pH 8 with 2M aq. NaOH. Then the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound as white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.44 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.44 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

A mixture of ethyl 4-bromo-6-methylbenzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (3.0 g, 10.56 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (741 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexabutyldistannane (6.94 mL, 13.73 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was quenched with water (300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (300 mL×3), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-15% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (3.8 g, 73%) as a yellow oil.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-methyl-4-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (900 mg, 2.46 mmol) in CCl4 (10 mL) was added AIBN (80 mg, 0.49 mmol) and NBS (524 mg, 2.95 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction solution was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours, at which point the solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% Ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (900 mg, 82%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 445.0 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(bromomethyl)-4-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.12 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added NaN3 (80 mg, 1.24 mmol) at room temperature. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction solution was quenched with water (200 mL), extracted in ethyl acetate (300 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (0.40 g, 87%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 408.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(azidomethyl)-4-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LiAlH4 (0.22 mL, 0.54 mmol, 2.5 mol/L in THF) at 0° C. Then the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with water (1 mL) and sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (1 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (80 mg, crude) as a brown liquid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 340.1 (M+H)+.

A vial was charged with 4-bromo-7-chloro-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1000 mg, 3.59 mmol) and copper(I) cyanide (354 mg, 3.95 mmol). NMP (5 mL) was added and the vial was capped and irradiated at 150° C. for 20 minutes in a microwave reactor. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (75 mL), washed with 50% NH4OH (2×25 mL) and saturated aqueous NaCl (3×25 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (Silica, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide 7-chloro-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (564 mg, 70% in yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) [M−H]−=223.2.

A vial was charged with 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (568.8 mg, 2.76 mmol), 7-chloro-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (564 mg, 2.51 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (145.1 mg, 0.13 mmol). The vial was capped and dioxane (10 mL) was added followed by addition of 1M Na2CO3 (3.77 mL, 3.77 mmol). The mixture was purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes and irradiated at 150° C. in a microwave reactor for 10 minutes. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (40 mL), filtered through Celite® using EtOAc (2×10 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide 5-nitro-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (679 mg, 77% in yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) [M−H]−=349.0.

A flask was charged with 5-nitro-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (529 mg, 1.51 mmol) and 10% w/w Pd/C (97 mg, wet). The flask was capped, purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes, and charged with EtOAc (25 mL). The reaction was purged 10 minutes with H2 then stirred under an atmosphere of H2 at room temperature for 16 hours till completion. The reaction mixture was purged with N2 then filtered through Celite® using EtOAc (30 mL) followed by MeOH (30 mL). Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide crude 5-amino-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (445 mg, 92% in yield) as a green solid, which was carried to the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=321.1.

A flask was charged with CuBr2 (369.6 mg, 1.65 mmol) and MeCN (4 mL) followed by addition of tert-butyl nitrite (0.25 mL, 2.07 mmol). The flask was then heated to 65° C. and a solution of 5-amino-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (265 mg, 0.83 mmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was added by syringe. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (75 mL), washed with 1N aq. HCl (25 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide crude 5-bromo-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (343 mg) as a brown solid. This solid was mixed with potassium trifluoro(vinyl)boron (379.7 mg, 2.83 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (70.1 mg, 0.09 mmol). Dioxane (12 mL) and H2O (2 mL) were added followed by addition of triethylamine (0.4 mL, 2.83 mmol). The mixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (75 mL), dried with Na2SO4, filtered through a plug of silica topped with Celite® using EtOAc (50 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide crude 7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (397 mg) as a brown waxy semi-solid. This solid was dissolved in a mixture of acetone (10 mL) and water (5 mL). Sodium (meta)periodate (978 mg, 4.58 mmol) was added followed by a 4% aqueous solution of osmium tetroxide (0.29 mL, 0.05 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and washed with water (25 mL), 10% Na2S2O3 (2×10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide 5-formyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (74 mg, 19% in yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=324.1.

5-formyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (74 mg, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) and cooled to 0° C. NaBH4 (12.6 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to dryness, re-dissolved in MeOH (3 mL) and concentrated to dryness again in triplicate. The crude residue was dissolved in EtOAc (80 mL) and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL). The organic extract was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to provide 5-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (85 mg) as a yellow solid. This solid was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Triethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.38 mmol) was added followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (0.02 mL, 0.28 mmol) The reaction was stirred for 90 minutes at which point it was diluted with DCM (50 mL), washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide [4-cyano-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl methanesulfonate (108 mg) as a brown solid. The solid was then dissolved in DMF (2 mL). Sodium azide (25 mg, 0.39 mmol) added and the reaction was stirred at 55° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (40 mL), washed with H2O, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-100% EtOAc/heptane) to provide 5-(azidomethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (23 mg, 24% in yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=361.9. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.79-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 2H), 4.77 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.49 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 2H).

7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (250 mg, 0.78 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and to the solution was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (846 mg, 3.88 mmol) and raney nickel (332 mg). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 3 days till starting material was consumed. The reaction is filtered through Celite® and concentrated in vacuo. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to give tert-butyl N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (190 mg, 57% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=427.1.

tert-butyl-N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) (described in Example 14, step 3) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) and to the solution was added TFA (0.3 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (2 mL) and then concentrated. The crude intermediate was then dissolved in DCM (1 mL) and to the solution was added TEA (97 uL, 0.70 mmol), followed by chloroacetyl chloride (6 uL, 0.08 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. LCMS indicated some of SM remaining and another chloroacetyl chloride (6 uL, 0.08 mmol) was added. Stirring continued for 30 minutes till all the starting material was consumed, as indicated by LCMS analysis. The reaction was then quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL) and the product was extracted with DCM (20 mL×3). The organic layers were combined and dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product is purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-20% DCM/MeOH) to give 2-chloro-N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]acetamide (16 mg, 56% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=403.5. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.70 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (s, 2H).

tert-butyl-N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (58. mg, 0.14 mmol) (described in Example 15, step 3) was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) and TFA (0.3 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes till completion, diluted with toluene (3 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was dissolved in EtOAc/sat. aq. NaHCO3 (10 mL/2 mL) and the organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4. The solvent was removed in vacuo and HFIP (1 mL) was added to this crude. Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (23 uL, 0.20 mmol) was then added to this solution at room temperature. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was passed through a silica pad (60 mL of silica) washed with EtOAc/heptanes (1/1 ratio in a total of 100 mL) and the filtrate was discarded. The silica pad was then washed with MeOH/DCM (4/1 ratio in a total of 200 mL) to elute the product out and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude N-methyl-1-[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanamine (45 mg, 97% in yield) together with starting material and bis-methylated byproduct as an inseparable mixture. This crude was carried to the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) [1M+H]+=341.5.

2-chloro-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine (710. mg, 2.26 mmol), Zn(CN)2 (265 mg, 2.26 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (130 mg, 0.11 mmol) were combined in DMF (6 mL) in a vial. The mixture was purged with N2 for 5 minutes then heated at 180° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 minutes. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (25 mL), followed by brine (3×25 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Crude material was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-100% EA/heptanes) to give 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (470 mg, 68% in yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=306.5

4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (470 mg, 1.54 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (15 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0° C. To the solution was added DIBAL-H (4.62 mL, 4.62 mmol, 1 M in heptane) drop wise and stirred for 20 minutes. LCMS indicated full consumption of the starting material and the reaction mixture was poured into aq. 0.5 M HCl (50 mL) and washed with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was discarded and the aqueous layer was basified with NaOH (10 M, 50 mL) and the product was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL×2). The combined organic layers wash washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give[4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2-yl]methanamine (152 mg, 32% in yield). The crude product was carried to the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=310.5

4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (100 mg, 0.49 mmol), 2,4-dichloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine (100 mg, 0.50 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (35 mg, 0.034 mmol) and K3PO4 (41 mg, 0.97 mmol) were mixed in 1,4-dioxane/water (1.5 mL/0.25 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 20 minutes, at which point the starting materials where consumed. The reaction was then diluted with water/ethyl acetate (10 mL/30 mL). The organic layer was separated and dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo with silica. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-40% EtOAc/heptanes) to give 2-chloro-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine (22 mg, 14% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=331.6.

4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (56. mg, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (5 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. To the solution was slowly added DIBAL-H (1 M in toluene) (435 uL, 0.44 mmol) slowly and stirred for 20 minutes till completion. To the solution was added Na2SO4·10H2O (500 mg) to quench the reaction and stirred for 10 minutes. The mixture as filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by flash column chromatography (C18, 0-55% MeCN/10 mM AmF water). Fractions from the purification were combined and concentrated to around 20 mL. Sat. aq. Na2CO3 (5 mL) was added to the residue and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×2). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give [4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]methanamine (29 mg, 51% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=326.6.

8-chloro-6-methyl-quinoline (1000 mg, 5.63 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (6 mL) and to the solution was added NBS (4000 mg, 22.52 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 60° C. overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate/water (50 mL/20 mL), the organic layer was separated and washed with brine. The organic layer was then concentrated in vacuo onto silica. The crude mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to give 5-bromo-8-chloro-6-methyl-quinoline (1.3 g, 90% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=258.0

1-bromo-4-chloro-2-methyl-naphthalene (480 mg, 1.88 mmol), Zn(CN)2 (110 mg, 0.94 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (108 mg, 0.09 mmol) were added to DMF (7 mL) and the reaction was purged with N2 for 5 minutes. The mixture was heated at 180° C. in a microwave for 15 minutes. The reaction was then diluted with ethyl acetate/water (50 mL/20 mL) and the organic layer was washed with water twice followed by brine. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo onto silica. The reaction was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, from 0% EA in heptanes to 50% EA in heptanes) to give 4-chloro-2-methyl-naphthalene-1-carbonitrile (288 mg, 76% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=203.4

A solution of 6-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]quinoline-5-carbonitrile (200 mg, 0.61 mmol), NBS (141 mg, 0.79 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (15 mg, 0.06 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (4 mL) was stirred at reflux for 3 hours. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, loaded on silica column directly and purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to give 6-(bromomethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]quinoline-5-carbonitrile (240 mg, 97% in yield). (ESI) [M+H]+=409.5

6-(bromomethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]quinoline-5-carbonitrile (240 mg, 0.59 mmol) and NaN3 (46 mg, 0.71 mmol) were added to DMF (2 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was then diluted with water/EtOAc (20 mL/20 mL). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered. The crude solution was concentrated in vacuo onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-40% EtOAc/heptanes) to give [5-cyano-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-quinolyl]methyl-diazonio-azanide (130 mg, 59% in yield). (ESI) [M+H]+=370.6

In a sealed tube with 6-amino-5-bromo-2-chloro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (3.25 g, 13.98 mmol) was added chloroacetaldehyde 50% in water (39 mL, 307.03 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. The solution was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. Acetone (75 mL) was added to the residue and the resulting mixture was stirred rapidly for 1.5 hours. The resulting solid was collected through filtration and dried to afford 8-bromo-5-chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (3.38 g, 94.3% in yield) as a beige solid. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=256.3, 258.3 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.78 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H).

To a suspension of 8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-vinyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (110 mg, 0.33 mmol) in methanol (3.34 mL) at 0° C. was added nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (39.7 mg, 0.17 mmol) followed by sodium borohydride (50.5 mg, 1.34 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes then slowly warmed up to room temperature. To the reaction was added ammonium hydroxide (28% in H2O, 0.5 mL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-20% DCM/MeOH) to afford (5-ethyl-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)methanamine (44 mg, 39.3% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=336.2

To 8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-5-vinylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) (described in Example 25, step 5) in acetone (1.8 mL) and water (0.3 mL) was added osmium tetroxide (4% wt in water, 77.2 uL, 0.01 mmol) and sodium (meta)periodate (194.9 mg, 0.91 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. To the reaction was added EtOAc and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution. Phased were separated, organic phase was washed with 10% aqueous Na2S2O3 solution followed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to afford 5-formyl-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (79 mg, 78.5% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=332.1

To 5-formyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (79 mg, 0.24 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was added sodium borohydride (18.1 mg, 0.48 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 35 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution, water/EtOAc and then extracted 3 times with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give 5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile as a crude mixture that was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=334.1

To a suspension of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (79 mg, 0.24 mmol) in methanol (2.4 mL) at 0° C. was added nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (28.2 mg, 0.12 mmol) followed by a portion wise addition of sodium borohydride (35.9 mg, 0.95 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 minutes and then slowly warmed up to room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction was added ammonium hydroxide (28% in H2O, 0.5 mL), water and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. DCM was added and extracted 3 times with DCM. The combined organics were dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude material obtained was purified by flash column chromatography (C18, 10-70% MeCN/10 mM AmF water). Appropriate fractions were combined and lyophilized to provide (6-(aminomethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-yl)methanol (17 mg, 21% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=338.1

A flask was charged with 4-chloro-6-methyl-3-nitro-1H-pyridin-2-one (1.0 g, 5.3 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (1.2 g, 5.83 mmol), K2CO3 (2.2 g, 15.91 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (21 mL) and water (5 mL). The mixture was degassed for 5 minutes before the addition of Pd(PPh3)4 (306.4 mg, 0.27 mmol) and degassed further for 2 minutes. The reaction was sealed and heated for 18 hours at 90° C. Water/EtOAc were added and the emulsion was passed through sand, then extracted 3 times with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 5-100% gradient of 1:4 MeOH:EtOAc/heptanes) to give 6-methyl-3-nitro-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyridin-2-one (1.4 g, 85% in yield) as a yellow foam. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=315.6

To a suspension of 6-methyl-3-nitro-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyridin-2-one (1.37 g, 4.36 mmol) in methanol (21.8 mL) at 0° C. was added nickel(I) chloride hexahydrate (517.8 mg, 2.18 mmol) followed by portion wise addition of sodium borohydride (659.3 mg, 17.43 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. Ammonium hydroxide (28% in H2O, 5 mL) and water (20 mL) were added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction was then extracted with DCM 3 times. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give crude 3-amino-6-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyridin-2-one (1.32 g, quantitative) as a brown solid which was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=285.5

5-(bromomethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine (174 mg, 0.47 mmol) and tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonylcarbamate (131.7 mg, 0.61 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2.3 mL) and cesium carbonate (305.7 mg, 0.93 mmol) was added while stirring. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was collected, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated onto silica gel. The product was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to give tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (171 mg, 72% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H−2Boc]+=310.6.

tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (171 mg, 0.34 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (1.2 mL). Trifluoroacetic acid (1.2 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction was concentrated to dryness, poured into DCM and neutralized with sat. aq. NaHCO3. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM which was then, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give [7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-5-yl]methanamine (77 mg, 74% yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=310.6.

A solution of 2-chloro-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine (310 mg, 0.99 mmol) and zinc cyanide (153 mg, 1.32 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was degassed for 5 minutes by N2 before the addition of Pd(PPh3)4 (124 mg, 0.11 mmol). The reaction was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water twice, dried with MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-30% EtOAc/heptanes) to give 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (241 mg, 80% in yield). LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=306.1

A solution of 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was cooled to 0° C. and DIBAL-H (1M/heptanes, 0.41 mL, 0.41 mmol) was added slowly. The ice bath was removed and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. It was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water, extracted twice with EtOAc, dried with MgSO4 and fully concentrated to dryness. The crude mixture was not further purified and used directly for the next step. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=310.1

To a solution of 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (75 mg, 0.25 mmol) (described in Example 28, step 2) in ethanol (7.5 mL), was added HCl (1N, 0.75 mL, 0.74 mmol) followed by Pd(OH)2 (20%/C wet, 75 mg). The reaction was stirred 18 hours at room temperature under a H2 atmosphere (15 PSI). The reaction mixture was filtered on a pad of Celite© and rinsed with MeOH. The volatiles were evaporated in vacuo to provide [4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6,7-dihydrofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]methanamine (76 mg, 99% in yield) as crude material which was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=312.1.

A mixture of sulfur (16.15 g, 503.78 mmol) and Na2S·9H2O (110.0 g, 457.98 mmol) in a mixture of water (120 mL) and ethanol (480 mL) was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 1 h. The solution was added to a stirred suspension of 2-bromo-4,6-dinitro-aniline (120.0 g, 457.98 mmol) and NH4Cl (27.0 g, 503.78 mmol) in a mixture of water (840 mL) and ethanol (480 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. Then aq. 2N NaOH (540 mL) solution was added dropwise and the mixture was then stirred for a further 15 minutes at 80° C. After cooling, the mixture was poured into a mixture of aq. 2N HCl (540 mL) and ice (500 g), stirred for 15 min to complete the reaction. The mixture was concentrated to remove EtOH. The residue was filtered to give the title compound (100 g, 95%, crude) as a rust-colored solid, which was used for the next step directly without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.64 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (s, 2H), 5.49 (s, 2H).

To the mixture of 5-bromo-7-nitroquinoxaline (25.0 g, 98.41 mmol) in EtOH (250 mL) and water (80 mL) was added Fe (27.5 g, 492.05 mmol) and NH4Cl (26.3 g, 492.05 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 2 hours. The TLC indicated the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and filtered. The filter cake was washed with EtOAc (500 mL). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was diluted with water (400 mL), extracted with EtOAc (500 mL×2) and washed with saturated brine (200 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by column on silica gel (0-50% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (16.0 g, 64%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.62-8.59 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H).

To a solution of 6M HCl (10 mL) was added in 8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-5-vinylquinoxalin-6-amine (1.0 g, 3.12 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) at −10° C. And the reaction mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 5 mins. The solution of NaNO2 (226.15 mg, 3.28 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added drop wise at −10° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture turned into clear pale yellow solution. Solution of KI (1.03 g, 6.24 mmol) in water (5 mL) was added drop wise to the reaction mixture at −10° C. and the solution was stirred at −10° C. for 30 mins. The reaction mixture was quenched with cold water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (80 mL×2). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% EtOAc in Petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (400 mg, 30%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.90 (s, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (dd, J=17.6, 12.0 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (dd, J=17.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.92 (dd, J=12.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H).

A mixture of tert-butyl ((5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (850 mg, 1.77 mmol) and con.HCl (3 mL) in Tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 16 h. The reaction was quenched with sat. AQ. NaHCO3 to pH=7. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (650 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 380.1 (M+H)+.

Ethyl 7-bromo-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (3.0 g, 11.1 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylboronic acid (2.75 g, 13.4 mmol), K3PO4 (5.91 g, 27.9 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (815 mg, 1.11 mmol) were added to 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) and water (8 mL). The mixture was equipped with a condenser and stirred at 100° C. for 17 h. The reaction was diluted with water (70 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic extract was washed with brine (20 mL) and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 10-50% (30% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to afford the title compound (4.0 g, 99% yield) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 351.2 (M+H)+

In a 250 mL flask ethyl 7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (4.0 g, 11.3 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (35 mL). To the mixture was added N-bromosuccinimide (4.91 g, 27.6 mmol), the flask was stirred at rt for 17 h. LCMS showed completion of the reaction with bis-brominated side-product. The reaction was quenched with 50 mL of 10% aqueous Na2S2O3 solution and diluted with DCM (150 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 min. Phases were separated and the organic phase was then washed with water (2×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to approximatively 50 mL of crude solution. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (Silica, 0-90% DCM/EtOAc) to give a mixture of the title compound amd di-brominated side product (3.9 g, 76% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 429.2 (M+H)+

To ethyl 4-bromo-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (2.72 g, 6.34 mmol) in DMF (22 mL) was added K3PO4 (4.1 g, 19.0 mmol) followed by Mel (0.59 mL, 9.5 mmol) over 10 min. The mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (400 mL), washed with water (2×100 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 30-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to give the title compound (1.89 g, 67% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 445.1 (M+H)+

Ethyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (4.60 g, 10.4 mmol) was dissolved in THF (28 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Diisobutylaluminum hydride, 1.0 M in THF (51.9 mL, 51.9 mmol) was added to the solution dropwise. Stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with THF (100 mL). Na2SO4-10H2O (2 g) was added in small portions. The reaction was then stirred at rt for 20 min. The mixture was filtered through Celite, washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated to yield the crude title compound (4.10 g, 98% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 403.1 (M+H)+

7-bromo-6-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole (3.56 g, 7.67 mmol), di-tert-butyl-iminodicarboxylate (1.67 g, 7.67 mmol) and cesium carbonate (2.51 g, 7.67 mmol) were added in a flask with DMF (20 mL). The reaction was stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed with water (2×100 mL) followed by brine (50 mL). The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.6 g, 99% yield) as an off white solid which was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 600.0 (M+H)+

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]-methyl]carbamate (780 mg, 1.42 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and the mixture was cooled to −78° C. under N2. Then ozone was bubbled for 3-5 min until the color changed to light blue. The reaction was stopped and N2 was purged to the mixture at −78° C. for 3 min. To the mixture was added sodium borohydride (539 mg, 14.24 mmol) in small portions and the reaction was stirred for 5 min at −78° C. then slowly warmed to rt. The reaction was poured into a mixture of EtOAc (100 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 10-100% (30% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to give the title compound (650 mg, 82% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 552.3 (M+H)+

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-carbamate (1.00 g, 1.67 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 6), tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (289 mg, 0.25 mmol) and zinc cyanide (584 mg, 5.0 mmol) were added to DMA (8 mL) and the mixture was degassed with N2. The mixture was then stirred at 110° C. for 1 h. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with water (2×50 mL) followed by brine (20 mL). The organic layer was concentrated with silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 20-60% EtOAc/Heptanes) to give the title compound (810 mg, 89% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 547.3 (M+H)+.

A flask was charged with ethyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (450 mg, 1.0 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 3), followed by addition of LiOH (4 M in water) (1 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (3 mL). The flask was stirred at 60° C. for 30 min. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and 5% citric acid (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound (421 mg, 99% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 417.0 (M+H)+.

4-Bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (421 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL) and to the solution was added HATU (1.156 g, 3.0 mmol), triethylamine (0.56 mL, 4.1 mmol) followed by ammonia (7 M in MeOH) (1.45 mL, 10 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt and a precipitate was formed quickly. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (421 mg, 100% yield). The crude was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 416.4 (M+H)+.

3-Methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide (432 mg, 1.2 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL) and to the solution was added cyanuric chloride (110 mg, 0.60 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. To the mixture was added another portion of cyanuric chloride (110 mg, 0.60 mmol) and stirred for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with water (20 mL) and the product was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% (30% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to give the title compound (180 mg, 44% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 344.6 (M+H)+.

3-Methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (180 mg, 0.52 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (3 mL) and to the mixture was added osmium tetraoxide 4% wt in water (166 mg, 0.03 mmol) followed by 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (245 mg, 2.1 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 8 h. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-20% MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound (120 mg, 61% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 378.1 (M+H)+.

4-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (120 mg, 0.32 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3.0 mL) and to the mixture was added borane (1 M in THF) (0.64 mL, 0.64 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt and was stopped at approximatively 60% conversion. The mixture was poured to saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was dissolved in DCM (5 mL), triethylamine (137 μL, 0.95 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (208 mg, 0.95 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 10 min and loaded on a silica column for purification without workup (silica, 0-20% MeOH/DCM) to provide the title compound (62 mg, 40% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 482.1 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (50 mg, 0.10 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 10 min. To the mixture was added toluene (2 mL) and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF (3 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (0.3 mL) was added. To the mixture was added prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (13 mg, 0.10 mmol) in THF (1 mL) dropwise. The reaction was stirred at rt for 20 min. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (10 mL), the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0-100% MeCN/10 mM ammonium formate water) to give (25 mg, 56% yield) of the desired product as a mixture of enantiomers.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (134 mg, 0.24 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 7) and pyridine (20 μL, 0.24 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (8 mL) and the mixture was cooled to −78° C. under N2. Then ozone was bubbled for 3-5 min until the color changed to blue. LCMS confirmed the consumption of the starting material. The reaction was stopped and N2 was purged to the mixture at −78° C. for 3 min. To the mixture was added triphenylphosphine (129 mg, 0.49 mmol) and the mixture was warmed to rt with stirring. The crude was concentrated with silica gel and was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 10-80%, (30% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to give the title compound (127 mg, 95% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 550.3 (M+H)+.

To methylmagnesium bromide (3.0 M in Et2O) (200 μL, 0.60 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-formyl-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (110 mg, 0.20 mmol) in THF (2.0 mL) at rt. The reaction was stirred at rt for 10 min. To the mixture was added another 5 equivalents of MeMgBr and stirred for 10 min. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was concentrated with silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 10-70% (30% MeOH in EA)/heptanes) to give the title compound (52 mg, 56% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 466.3 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (52 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction stirred at rt for 10 min. To the mixture was added toluene (2 mL) and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF (2 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (0.3 mL) was added. To the mixture was added prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (14 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (0.2 mL) slowly. The reaction was stirred at rt for 20 min and then diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0-100% MeCN/10 mM ammonium formate water) to give 22 mg of the desired product as a mixture of enantiomers.

5-Chloro-2-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (255 mg, 0.74 mmol), zinc cyanide (86 mg, 0.74 mmol), palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (42 mg, 0.04 mmol) were added to anhydrous DMF (1 mL) and the mixture was purged with N2 for 5 min. The mixture was heated at 180° C. in microwave for 30 min. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (15 mL), the organic layer was washed with water (2×30 mL) followed by brine (10 mL). The organic layer was concentrated with silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to give the title compound (190 mg, 77% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 335.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 2-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) in methanol (3.0 mL) at 0° C. was added nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (35 mg, 0.15 mmol) followed by portion wise addition of sodium borohydride (45 mg, 1.2 mmol) and stirred at rt for 15 min. NH4OH (0.5 mL) and water (5 mL) were added and stirred for 15 min. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude tittle compound (70 mg, 69% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 341.6 (M+H)+.

In 20 mL microwave vial and to 2,6-dichloropyridine-3-carbonitrile (1.73 g, 10.02 mmol) was added ammonia 7 N in MeOH (15 mL, 105 mmol). The vial was sealed and heated at 120° C. for 25 min in the microwave reactor, this process was repeated three time for a total of 5.20 g of 2,6-dichloropyridine-3-carbonitrile. The three reactions were concentrated to dryness with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 10% EtOAc/heptane to 60% EtOAc/heptane) to afford the title compound (2.78 g, 60.2% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 154.2 (M+H)+ 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO-d6) δ 7.78 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (s, 2H), 6.45 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H).

In a seal tube and to 6-amino-5-bromo-2-chloro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (3.25 g, 13.98 mmol) was added chloroacetaldehyde 50% in water (39 mL, 307.03 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h. The solution was then cooled to rt and concentrated to remove most of the water. Acetone (75 mL) was added to the residue and the resulting mixture was stirred rapidly for 1.5 h. The resulting solid was collected through filtration and dried to afford the title compound (3.38 g, 94% yield) as a beige solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 256.3, 258.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.78 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H).

To 8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-vinyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (940 mg, 2.85 mmol) in acetone (5.2 mL) and water (0.87 mL) was added osmium tetroxide, 4% wt in water (907.2 μL 0.14 mmol) and sodium (meta)periodate (2.442 g, 11.42 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 18 h. To the reaction was added EtOAc (125 mL) and water (40 mL). Phased were separated, organic phase was washed with 10% aqueous Na2S2O3 solution (40 mL) then with brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 5% EtOAc/heptane to 100% EtOAc/heptane) to afford the title compound (650 mg, 69% yield) as a yellow solid.

To 5-formyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (319 mg, 0.96 mmol) in methanol (4.8 mL) was added sodium borohydride (72.9 mg, 1.93 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 15 min. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (20 mL), water (20 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL) and then extracted 3 time with EtOAc (3×50 mL), combined organic phases were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, DMC to 10% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound (205 mg, 64% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 334.64 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (420 mg, 1.26 mmol) in THF (6.2 mL) under nitrogen was added borane-THF complex 1 M in THF (3.8 mL, 3.78 mmol) and the solution was stirred at 65° C. for 2 h. The reaction was cooled down to rt, MeOH (8 mL) was added slowly followed by water (50 mL) and EtOAc (150 mL). Phase were separated and organic phase was washed with water (30 mL) then brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 10% MeCN/water (10 mM ammonium formate pH 3.8 buffer) to 100% MeCN/water.) to provide the title compound (68 mg, 16% yield) as a yellow/orange solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 338.6 (M+H)+.

To [6-(aminomethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-yl]methanol (70 mg, 0.21 mmol) in solution in HFIP (0.98 mL, 9.31 mmol) was added methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (35.2 μL 0.31 mmol) at rt. The reaction was stirred at rt for 2.5 h and then passed through a silica pad (30 mL of silica gel) washed with EtOAc/Hexanes (1/1, 100 mL) to remove HFIP and excess Methyltriflate. The silica pad was then washed with 20% MeOH in DCM (100 mL). DCM/MeOH filtrate was concentrated to give the crude title compound (72.9 mg, 100% yield).

To 5-chloro-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (614 mg, 1.82 mmol) (described in example 33 (Compound 36), step 4) in THF (18 mL) at rt was added borane-THF complex 1 M in THF (7.3 mL, 7.3 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for the 18 h. MeOH (15 mL) and water (50 mL) were added very slowly until no more bubbled occurred. The reaction was poured in EtOAc (100 mL), extraction, washed with brine (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated as a crude mixture of [8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]methanamine and [5-chloro-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]methanamine.

To a mixture of [5-chloro-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]methanamine and [8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]methanamine (620 mg, 1.81 mmol) in DCE (12 mL) were added triethylamine (0.51 mL, 3.63 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (792 mg, 3.63 mmol). The solution was stirred at rt for 20 min. The crude was poured in DCM (125 mL) and water (50 mL), extraction, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 10% EtOAc/heptane to 100% EtOA) to afford the title compound (51 mg, 7% yield).

To [8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl]methanamine (64 mg, 0.21 mmol)) (described in example 34, step 1) in solution in HFIP (0.98 mL, 9.34 mmol) was added methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (35.4 μL, 0.31 mmol) at rt. The reaction is stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was passed through a silica pad (30 mL of silica gel) washed with EtOAc/Hexanes (1/1, 100 mL) to remove HFIP and excess methyltriflate, the silica pad was then washed with 20% MeOH in DCM (150 mL). DCM/MeOH filtrate was concentrated to give the crude title compound.

In a seal tube and to ethyl 4-bromo-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (3.41 g, 7.95 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 2) in DMF (38 mL) were added ethyl bromodifluoroacetate (5.2 mL, 40.68 mmol) and potassium phosphate (8.68 g, 40.68 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 19 h then at 35° C. for 5 h. The reaction was poured in EtOAc (500 mL), washed with water (2×150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 10% ETOAc/heptane to 30% EtOAc/heptane) to give the title compound (1.12 g, 29%). LCMS (ESI): m/z 478.8, 480.7 (M+H)+.

Ethyl 4-bromo-3-(difluoromethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (1.01 g, 2.11 mmol) was dissolved in THF (10.5 mL) and cooled to 0° C., diisobutylaluminum hydride 1.0 M in toluene (5.3 mL, 5.27 mmol) was added dropwise. The solution was stirred at 0° C. then slowly increased to rt for 2 h. To the mixture was added EtOAc (100 ml) and sodium sulfate decahydrate, the suspension was stirred for 5 min then filtered through Celite, washed with plenty of EtOAc and concentrated to give the title compound (749 mg, 81% yield) as crude a white foam. LCMS (ESI): m/z 436.7, 438.6 (M+H)+.

To [4-bromo-3-(difluoromethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methanol (749 mg, 1.71 mmol) in DCM (11.7 mL) were added triphenylphosphine (494.3 mg, 1.88 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (625.0 mg, 1.88 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 17 h then silica gel was added and concentrated. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 5% EtOAc/heptane to 60% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (472 mg, 55% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 498.5, 500.6, 502.5 (M+H)+.

To 7-bromo-6-(bromomethyl)-1-(difluoromethyl)-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole (472 mg, 0.94 mmol) in DMF (4.7 mL) were added di-tert-butyl-iminodicarboxylate (205.1 mg, 0.94 mmol) and cesium carbonate (309.5 mg, 0.94 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 5.5 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with water (2×50 mL), saturated aqueous LiCl solution (25 mL) and brine (25 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (566 mg, 94% yield) as a clear oil that solidified upon standing which was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 636.1, 638.2 (M+H)+.

A flask was charged with tert-butyl-N-[[4-bromo-3-(difluoromethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-carbamate (566 mg, 0.89 mmol), potassium; trifluoro(vinyl)boron (357.4 mg, 2.67 mmol) and K3PO4 (360 mg, 3.56 mmol). 1,4-Dioxane (6.6 mL) and water (2.3 mL) were added and purged with N2. Palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (102.7 mg, 0.09 mmol) was added and the flask was heated at 90° C. under nitrogen for 17 h. The reaction was cooled down to rt, diluted with EtOAc, filtered over sodium sulfate, rinsed with EtOAc and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 5% EtOAc/heptane to 40% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (289 mg, 56% yield) as a pale yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 584.2 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-(difluoromethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (115 mg, 0.20 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) and DCM (1 mL) at −78° C. was bubbled ozone for 10 min. Nitrogen was bubbled in the solution for 10 min then sodium borohydride (29.8 mg, 0.79 mmol) was added. The reaction was slowly warmed up to rt for 45 min. The solution was poured in DCM (50 mL) and saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (25 mL), extraction with DCM (3×20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give (110 mg, 95% yield) as a very pale brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 588.2 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-(difluoromethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (169 mg, 0.29 mmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was added magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (31 mg, 0.09 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 50 min. The reaction was cooled down and was added EtOAc (50 mL). The solution was washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound (141 mg, 100% yield) as a cream solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 484.3 (M+H)+

To tert-butyl-N-[[3-(difluoromethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (141 mg, 0.29 mmol) dissolved in DCM (1.5 mL) and acetone (0.5 mL) were added 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (102.5 mg, 0.87 mmol) and osmium tetroxide, 4% wt in water (185.4 μL, 0.03 mmol). The mixture stirred at rt for 17 h then further acetone (0.5 mL), 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (102.5 mg, 0.87 mmol) and osmium tetroxide, 4% wt in water (185.4 μL, 0.03 mmol) were added and the mixture continued to be stir at rt for 24 h. Further acetone (0.5 mL), 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (102.5 mg, 0.87 mmol) and osmium tetroxide, 4% wt in water (185.4 μL, 0.03 mmol) were added and the mixture continued to be stir at rt for 3 days. More DCM (50 mL) and 10% aqueous Na2S2O3 solution (20 mL) were added stirred for 5 min, phases were separated and the solid was extracted with DCM (3×15 mL). Combined organic phased were washed with NaHCO3 (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 5-70% (20% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to provide the title compound (86 mg, 57% yield) as a clear solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 517.9 (M+H)+

To tert-butyl-N-[[3-(difluoromethyl)-4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (86 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DCM (1.2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.8 mL, 10.38 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Toluene (5 mL) was added and the mixture was concentrated. To the residue in THF (1.2 mL) at 0° C. was added saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (0.5 mL) then a solution of prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (0.21 μL, 0.18 mmol) in THF (0.32 mL) was added very slowly. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 40 min. Water (15 mL) was added and the product was extracted with 10% MeOH/DCM (3×30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentration. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 5% MeCN/water (10 mM ammonium formate pH 3.8 buffer) to 70% MeCN/water) to provide N-[[3-(difluoromethyl)-4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]prop-2-enamide (34 mg) as a mixture of enantiomers.

In a 2-5 mL microwave vial a solution of methyl (7-bromo-1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 01.99 mmol) (described in example 55, step 4) and zinc cyanine (303.9 mg, 2.59 mmol) in DMF (16 mL) was degassed 5 minutes before the addition of palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (161.1 mg, 0.14 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 140° C. for 20 min in the microwave reactor. The solution was poured in EtOAc (150 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (40 mL), water (40 mL) then brine (2×30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 10% EtOAc/heptane to 100% EtOAc) to give the title compound (816 mg, 85% yield) as a pale yellow solid.

To methyl (7-cyano-1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)carbamate (801 mg, 1.79 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added sodium hydroxide 1M (11 mL, 11 mmol) and the solution was stirred at 50° C. for 20 h the more sodium hydroxide 1M (11 mL, 11 mmol) was added and the temperature was increased at 70° C. for 5 h. and then cooled down to rt and concentrated to remove most of MeOH. The residue was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (593 mg, 100% yield) as beige solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 332.9. (M+H)+.

5-amino-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-4-carbonitrile (573 mg, 1.72 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN (10.6 mL) and copper (I) bromide (494.74 mg, 3.45 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated to 60° C. and a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (512.8 uL, 4.31 mmol) in MeCN (6.6 mL) was added slowly dropwise. It was stirred at 60° C. for 40 min. The reaction was concentrated onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 5-100% (20% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to provide the title compound (191 mg, 28% yield) as an orange solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 396.2, 398.2 (M+H)+

A 2-5 mL microwave vial under N2 was charged with 5-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-4-carbonitrile (145 mg, 0.37 mmol), potassium tert-butyl N-[2-(trifluoroboranuidyl)ethyl]carbamate (321 mg, 1.28 mmol) and cesium carbonate (583.4 mg, 1.78 mmol). 1,4-Dioxane (4.5 mL) and water (0.9 mL) were added and degassed for 2 minutes then were added palladium(II) acetate (20 mg, 0.09 mmol) and butyldi-1-adamantylphosphine (64 mg, 0.1800 mmol), the solution was degassed 1 min and heated at 120° C. for 25 min in the microwave reactor. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (60 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered over Celite and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 15-70% (20% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to provide the title compound (85 mg, 40% yield) as a beige solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 461.2 (M+H)+

To a solution of 7-chloro-8-methyl-quinoline (10.51 g, 59.17 mmol) and silver sulfate (27.85 g, 88.75 mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (40 mL, 746.4 mmol) was added bromine (3.6 mL, 71 mmol) (100 μL at the time for 15 min). The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. Reaction was not complete so addition of more bromine (1.2 mL, 23.42 mmol) and continued to stir at rt for 20 h. The reaction was transferred very slowly to a 2 L erlenmeyer contained ice, NH4OH 28% aqueous solution (300 mL) and 400 mL of EtOAc, then the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The basic solution was filtered through sand, rinsed with water and plenty of EtOAc. Phase were separated and then extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL) and combined organic phases were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 5% EtOAc/heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to give the title compound (8.24 g, 54% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 256.4, 258.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.96 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.5, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (s, 3H)

A 10-20 mL microwave vial was charged with 5-bromo-7-chloro-8-methyl-quinoline (850 mg, 3.31 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (648.2 mg, 3.15 mmol), K2CO3 (1.37 g, 9.94 mmol). 1,4-Dioxane (15 mL) and water (4 mL) were added and the mixture was degassed for 5 min before the addition of palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (268 mg, 0.23 mmol) and degassed again for 2 min. The reaction was heated in the microwave reactor at 130° C. for 20 min. The reaction was poured in EtOAc (100 mL), washed with water (40 mL) and brine (40 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 5% EtOAc/heptane to 60% EtOAc/heptane) to give the title compound (1.064 g, 95% yield) as a clear oil that solidified upon standing. LCMS (ESI): m/z 338.5, 340.3 (M+H)+

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[[8-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (2.75 g, 6.35 mmol) (described in Example 39, step 3) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.1 mL, 6.35 mmol) in MeCN (33.2 mL) was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (116.5 mg, 0.95 mmol). The solution was stirred at rt for the 18 h. The crude was poured in DCM (150 mL) and water (50 mL), extraction, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, 10% EtOAc/heptane to 100% EtOAc/heptane) to give the title compound (3.20 g, 95% yield) as white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 533.84 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[8-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (1000 mg, 1.88 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (14 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (334.2 mg, 1.88 mmol) followed by benzoyl peroxide (22.74 mg, 0.09 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 85° C. for 50 min. The reaction was cooled down to rt, solid was filtrated, rinsed with DCM and concentrated to give the title compound as crude product. LCMS (ESI): m/z 611.78, 613.76 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl-N-[[8-(bromomethyl)-5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-quinolyl]methyl]-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-carbamate (1.09 g, 1.78 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (10 mL) was added calcium carbonate (1.82 g, 17.83 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 100° C. for 22 h. The suspension was cooled down to rt, poured in EtOAc (150 mL), brought to pH 7 with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution, washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a mixture of the title compound and tert-butyl N-[[8-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate.

In an oven dried flask at 0° C. and to methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide (472 mg, 1.17 mmol) in THF (3.5 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide 1 M in THF (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol). The resulting yellow suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 45 min then at rt for 10 min. To the suspension was added a solution of tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[8-formyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (405 mg, 0.74 mmol) in THF (2 mL) dropwise via cannula. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min. Heptane (60 mL) was added, stirred at rt for 30 min, the solid was removed by filtration and the filtrated was concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 40% EtOAc/heptane) to give the title compound (245 mg, 61% yield) as a clear oil that solidify upon standing. LCMS (ESI): m/z 545.98 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-8-vinyl-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (307 mg, 0.56 mmol) in MeCN (0.37 mL) was added magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (56 mg, 0.17 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction was cooled down and was added EtOAc (75 mL). The solution was washed with water (30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound (250 mg, 100% yield) as a cream solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 445.85 (M+H)+ LCMS (ESI) [M+H]+=445.85.

tert-Butyl-N-[[5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-8-vinyl-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (262 mg, 0.59 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (138.1 mg, 1.18 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (5.5 mL). To this solution were added osmium tetroxide, 4% wt in water (374.7 μL, 0.06 mmol) and acetone (1.8 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. More DCM (30 mL) and 10% aqueous Na2S2O3 solution and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (10 mL each) were added, stirred for 5 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford crude title compound (282 mg, 100% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 479.5 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl-N-[[8-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (282 mg, 0.61 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL, 38.94 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h, toluene (10 mL) was added and concentrated. To the residue in DCM (9 mL) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.48 mL, 2.74 mmol) at −20° C. was added a solution of prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (136.2 μL, 1.19 mmol) in DCM (9 mL) very slowly dropwise. The mixture was stirred at −20° C. for 10 min then slowly warmed up to rt and stirred for 15 min. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (10 mL) and the product was extracted using DCM (3×20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0% MeCN/water (10 mM ammonium formate pH 3.8 buffer) to 100% MeCN/water) to give (68 mg, 17% yield) of the desired product as a mixture of enantiomers.

8-chloro-6-methyl-quinoline (1.00 g, 5.63 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (6 mL) and to the solution was added N-bromosuccinimide (2.00 g, 11.26 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h then heated to 60° C. for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL) then concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to give the title compound (655 mg, 45% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 257.98 (M+H)+

5-bromo-6-(bromomethyl)-8-chloro-quinoline (260 mg, 0.78 mmol) and tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonylcarbamate (218.9 mg, 1.01 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and cesium carbonate (330.4 mg, 1.01 mmol) was added with stirring. The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (20 mL). Organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (190 mg, 52% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 471.1 (M+H)+

To a solution of tert-butyl N-[[8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-vinyl-6-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (120 mg, 0.27 mmol) in acetone (2 mL) and water (1 mL) was added 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (126.5 mg, 1.08 mmol) followed by osmium tetraoxide 4% wt in water (171.6 μL, 0.03 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 4 h at rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted twice with EtOAc (2×50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 100% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (110 mg, 85% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 479.7 (M+H)+

A solution of 6-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-vinyl-quinoline (185 mg, 0.56 mmol) in a mixture of THF (2 mL) and water (2 mL) was cooled down to 0° C. Sodium periodate (483.2 mg, 2.26 mmol) was added followed by osmium tetraoxide 4% wt in water (374 mg, 0.06 mmol) and the ice bath was removed. The reaction pursued at rt for 17 h and was then diluted with EtOAc (40 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the crude title compound (186 mg, 100% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 332.7 (M+H)+

6-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]quinoline-5-carbaldehyde (186 mg, 0.57 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (3 mL) and cooled to 0° C. To the reaction was added sodium borohydride (87.2 mg, 2.29 mmol) and stirred for 10 min. The reaction was then quench by addition of water (1 mL) and stirred for 10 min at rt. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and water (10 mL). Organic layer was separated, washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provide the crude title compound (190 mg, 99% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 334.6 (M+H)+

[6-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-quinolyl]methanol (190 mg, 0.57 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and to the solution were added trimethylamine (287.9 mg, 2.85 mmol) and DMAP (3.5 mg, 0.03 mmol) followed by acetic anhydride (0.27 mL, 2.85 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 30 min and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (130 mg, 61% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 376.7 (M+H)+

[6-methyl-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-quinolyl]methyl acetate (130 mg, 0.35 mmol) was dissolved in CCl4 (2. mL) and to the solution were added benzoyl peroxide (8.4 mg, 0.030 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (74 mg, 0.42 mmol). The mixture was stirred at reflux for 90 min. The reaction was purified directly with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (140 mg, 89% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 456.1 (M+H)+

[6-(bromomethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-quinolyl]methyl acetate (140 mg, 0.31 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL) and to the solution was added tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonylcarbamate (67 mg, 0.31 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (99.2 mg, 0.31 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The crude was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and water (20 mL). Organic layer was washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (130 mg, 71% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 591.3 (M+H)+

[6-(aminomethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-quinolyl]methanol (70 mg, 0.20 mmol) was dissolved in HFIP (1. mL) and to the solution was added methyl triflate (19.8 μL, 0.18 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and around 7:3 ratio of starting material and product was observed. The reaction was then passed through a pad of silica gel and EtOAc/heptanes (150 mL, 1/1 ratio) was used to flush the reagent/solvent away. Then MeOH/DCM (150 mL, 3/10 ratio) was used to elute the mixture. The solution was concentrated to give a ratio of 7:3 starting material and product as a mixture (69 mg). LCMS (ESI): m/z 349.8 and 363.6 (M+H)+

Methylamine, 40% in water (2.6 mL, 33.39 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5 mL) and to the solution was added 5-bromo-6-(bromomethyl)-8-chloro-quinoline (1.40 g, 4.17 mmol) (described in Example 43, step 2) in THF (5 mL). The reaction was stirred at rt for 5 min. The reaction was diluted with water (30 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (15 mL) and brine (15 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound (1.20 g, 100% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 287.0 (M+H)+

1-(5-bromo-8-chloro-6-quinolyl)-N-methyl-methanamine (1.192 g, 4.17 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and to the solution was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (2.73 mL, 12.52 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 15 min. The reaction was concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 50% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (1.40 g, 87% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 387.1 (M+H)+

To a solution of tert-butyl-N-methyl-N-[[8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-vinyl-6-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (320 mg, 0.70 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (163.5 mg, 1.4 mmol) followed by osmium tetraoxide 4% wt in water (177.5 μL, 0.03 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 16 h at rt. The reaction was purified directly with flash column chromatography (silica, heptane to 100% EtOAc/heptane) to provide the title compound (190 mg, 55% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 493.2 (M+H)+

tert-Butyl-N-[[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-quinolyl]methyl]N-methyl-carbamate (190 mg, 0.39 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (3 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h and was then concentrated with toluene (5 mL). The crude was dissolved in THF (4 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (0.5 mL) was added. To the mixture was then added prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (58.5 mg, 0.46 mmol) at rt and stirred for 10 min. The crude was directly purified with flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0% MeCN/water (10 mM ammonium formate pH 3.8 buffer) to 100% MeCN/water) to give 106 mg as a mixture of enantiomers.

4-bromo-7-chloro-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (5 g, 18 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (20.6 mL) and water (11.6 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and zinc powder (5.87 g, 90 mmol) was added slowly. The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. EtOAc (100 mL) and water was added and the reaction was basified with saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (200 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (4.3 g, 96% yield) as an orange solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 249.9 (M+H)+.

A flask was charged with CuCN (2.9 mg, 32 mmol) and capped with a septa. To this was then added MeCN (71 mL) and brought up to 65° C. tert-Butyl nitrite (4.8 mL, 40 mmol) was added followed by the dropwise addition of a solution of 4-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-amine (4 g, 16.1 mmol) in MeCN (44.5 mL) over 20 min. After 30 min of heating, the mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with EtOAc (100 mL). The solution was washed with water (2×100 mL), dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated onto silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-10% EtOAc/heptanes) giving the title compound (1.2 g, 29% yield) as an orange solid.

4-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile (1.2 g, 4.6 mmol) dissolved in THF (46 mL) and 1 M borane in THF (9.3 mL, 9.3 mmol) added slowly. The solution was refluxed for 30 min and then quenched with 1 M NaOH (20 mL) solution. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×75 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield the crude title compound (1.05 g, 4 mmol, 86% yield) as an orange oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 263.9 (M+H)+.

(4-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methanamine (1.05 g, 4 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10.5 mL) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (959 mg, 4.4 mmol) was added followed by triethylamine (0.84 mL, 6.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM (10 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (15 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-50% EtOAc/heptanes) giving the title compound (660 mg, 46% yield) as a red oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 263.9 (M+H-Boc)+.

A vial was charged with tert-butyl-N-[(4-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl]carbamate (660 mg, 1.8 mmol), potassium trifluoro(vinyl)boron (735 mg, 5.5 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (12.6 mL) and water (1.6 mL). The mixture was degassed 5 min before the addition of Pd(pddf)Cl2 (274 mg, 0.37 mmol) followed by saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (1.4 mL). The reaction was heated for 16 h at 95° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with AcOEt (10 mL), concentrated on silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 10-20% AcOEt/heptanes) giving the title compound (412 mg, 73% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 201.1 (M+H-Boc)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl-N-[[7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (398 mg, 0.91 mmol) in acetone (12 mL) was added 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (268 mg, 2.3 mmol) followed by Osmium tetroxide, 4% wt in water (12 mg, 0.05 mmol). It was then stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with 50% aqueous sodium thiosultate (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (429 mg, 100% yield) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 352.2 (M+H-H2O)+.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (15 mL) and TFA (2 mL, 25 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h then was concentrated with toluene (5 mL). The crude was dissolved in THF (20 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (2 mL) was added. To the mixture was then added acryloyl anhydride (48 mg, 0.38 mmol) and stirred at rt for 10 min. The crude was diluted with water (10 mL) and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (3×15 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by preparative LCMS (C18 CSH, 30-50% MeCN/AmF 10 mM buffer) to give racemic product (90 mg, 50%).

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (252 mg, 0.54 mmol) (described in Example 49, step 7) was dissolved in acetone (1.8 mL). 2-Methoxypropene (192 μL, 2 mmol) was added followed by p-toluene sulfonic acid (4.6 mg, 0.03 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 30 min. More 2-methoxypropene (192 μL, 2 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for another 30 min. More p-toluene sulfonic acid (4.6 mg, 0.03 mmol) was added along with more 2-methoxypropene (192 μL, 2 mmol). Then magnesium sulfate was added along with more 2-methoxypropene (192 μL, 2 mmol). Then pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (13 mg, 0.05 mmol) was added. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (2×5 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give the title crude compound (273 mg, 99%) as a brown oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 492.1 (M+H−H2O)+.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (270 mg, 0.53 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2.6 mL) and sodium hydride (42 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added under nitrogen at 0° C. The reaction was stirred for 2 min at 0° C. and brought to rt and stirred for an additional 10 min before iodomethane (66 μL, 1.1 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h then was quenched with 80% brine (5 mL) and diluted with EtOAc (10 mL). The organic phase was removed, washed with water (1×10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provide the crude title compound (266 mg, 96%) as a black oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 406.3 (M+Na-Boc-acetonide)+.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (266 mg, 0.51 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (3.9 mL), water (0.6 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (25 μL, 0.33 mmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction was stirred for 3 h and then was neutralized by addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (2 mL) and then was extracted with DCM (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated with silica. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% EtOAc/Heptanes) to provide the title compound (159 mg, 65% yield) as a beige solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 366.2 (M+H-Boc-H20)+.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (155 mg, 0.32 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2.5 mL) and TFA (403 μL, 5 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h then was concentrated with toluene (1 mL). The crude was dissolved in THF (3.3 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (403 μL) was added. To the mixture was added prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (49 mg, 0.38 mmol) at rt and stirred for 10 min. The reaction was diluted with water (2 mL), extracted with DCM (2×5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0-100% MeCN/10 mM AmF buffer) to give the desired product (50 mg, 36%) as a mixture of enantiomers.

tert-Butyl-N-[[4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-carbamate (500 mg, 0.83 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 6), Pd2(dba)3 (152 mg, 0.17 mmol) and XantPhos (193 mg, 0.33 mmol) were put in a microwave vial. The vial was purged with nitrogen and toluene (2.8 mL) was added followed by triethylamine (0.58 mL, 4.2 mmol). The solution was degassed with nitrogen for 5 min and NaSMe (233 mg, 3.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was sealed and heated at 100° C. for 18 h. The mixture was cooled down and was concentrated onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% EtOAc/Heptanes) to give the title compound (181 mg, 46% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 468.3 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-[3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyprop-1-ynyl]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (67 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (486 μL) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride 1.0 M in THF (194 μL, 0.19 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h and then was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), washed with water (2×10 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give the title compound (55 mg, 0.1 mmol, 98% yield) as a brown oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 573.3 (M+H)+.

Ethyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (4.33 g, 9.8 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 3) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (38 mL) and a solution of LiOH (1.2 g, 48 mmol) in water (11 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at 70° C. for 2 h then was concentrated and diluted with 1M HCl to a pH of 6. This caused a precipitate to form which was filtered, washed with water with a pH of 6. The solid was dried to give the title compound (3.86 g, 9.3 mmol, 95% yield) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 417.0 (M+H)+.

4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (3.86 g, 9.3 mmol) was dissolved in DCE (180 mL) and one drop of DMF was added. Thionyl chloride (3.21 mL, 44 mmol) was added and it was heated at 80° C. for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated, redissolved in anhydrous THF (80 mL) and sodium azide (1.21 g, 18.6 mmol) was added along with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (77 mg, 0.63 mmol) and was stirred for 15 min. The mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound (4.1 g, 100% yield) as brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 442.0 (M+H)+.

Crude 4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carbonyl azide (4.1 g, 9.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (133 mL) and water (22 mL). The reaction was heated at 100° C. for 40 min then was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and basified with saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated onto silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-70% EtOAc/Heptanes) to provide the title compound (1.05 g, 29% yield) as a light brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 388.1 (M+H)+.

4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-amine (1 g, 2.6 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (6 mL) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.8 mL, 10.4 mmol). The solution was cooled to 0° C. and a solution of methyl chloroformate (220 μL, 2.9 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added and was stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM (100 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (2×75 mL), brine (1×75 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound. LCMS (ESI): m/z 446.1 (M+H)+.

Methyl N-[4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]carbamate (1.15 g, 2.6 mmol), potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (1.04 g, 7.8 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.79 g, 12.9 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (192 mg, 0.26 mmol) were put in a microwave vial and THF (12 mL) and water (1.2 mL) were added. The reaction was degassed with nitrogen for 5 min and then heated at 100° C. for 1.5 h. It was then directly concentrated onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 30-100% EtOAc/Heptanes) to give the title compound (521 mg, 51% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 392.3 (M+H)+.

Methyl N-[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbamate (521 mg, 1.33 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (31 mL) and cooled to −78° C. Ozone was gently bubbled for 1 h. The reaction was purged with nitrogen for 10 min and sodium borohydride (504 mg, 13.3 mmol) was added. The cooling bath was removed and it was stirred for 30 min. The reaction was diluted with 1 M HCl (20 mL) and stirred for 30 min then was concentrated to dryness under a flow of air leaving 2.5 g of a colorless residue which was used directly in the next step. LCMS (ESI): m/z 396.1 (M+H)+.

Methyl N-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]carbamate (526 mg, 1.33 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (63 mL) and 1M sodium hydroxide (8 mL, 8 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated at 75° C. for 3 h then was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with CHCl3/IPA (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude title compound (312 mg, 70% yield) as an orange solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 338.2 (M+H)+.

[5-amino-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-4-yl]methanol (300 mg, 0.89 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3 mL) and imidazole (109 mg, 1.6 mmol) was added followed by tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (201 mg, 1.3 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 18 h then was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and washed with 0.5 M HCl (2×15 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provide the crude title compound (305 mg, 76% yield) as an orange solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 452.3 (M+H)+.

4-[[tert-butyl-(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-amine (305 mg, 0.68 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN (42 mL) and copper (I) bromide (194 mg, 1.35 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 60° C. and a solution of tert-butyl nitrite (201 μL, 1.7 mmol) in MeCN (26 mL) was added and stirred at 60° C. for 30 min. The reaction was concentrated onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-50% EtOAc/Heptanes) to provide the title compound (63 mg, 18% yield) as an orange solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 517.1 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-3-bromoazetidine-1-carboxylate (43 mg, 0.18 mmol), [5-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-4-yl]methoxy-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane (63 mg, 0.12 mmol), nickel chloride dimethoxyethane adduct (2.7 mg, 0.01 mmol), zinc (16 mg, 0.24 mmol), sodium iodide (4.6 mg, 0.03 mmol) and imidazole-4-carbonitrile (1.1 mg, 0.01 mmol) were put in a vial and it was purged with nitrogen four times. DMA (0.4 mL) was degassed for 15 min and trifluoroacetic acid (0.94 μL, 0.01 mmol) was added. This solution was added to the reaction mixture and it was heated at 60° C. for 18 h. Water (2 mL) was added and it was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL). The organic phase was washed with 50% brine (2×10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, concentrated onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-50% EtOAc/Heptanes) to provide the title compound (21 mg, 29% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 592.4 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-3-[4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]azetidine-1-carboxylate (21 mg, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in THF (600 μL) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride 1.0 M in THF (71 μL, 0.07 mmol) was added. It was stirred for 2 h and the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) before being washed with water (2×10 mL) and brine (1×10 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.

The residue was dissolved in DCM (600 μL) and TFA (80 μL, 1.0 mmol) was added and stirred for 4 h then toluene (2 mL) was added and it was concentrated to dryness.

Ethyl 4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.1 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 3), Pd2(dba)3 (206 mg, 0.23 mmol) and XantPhos (261 mg, 0.45 mmol) were put in a microwave vial. The vial was purged with nitrogen and toluene (5.6 mL) was added followed by triethylamine (786 μL, 5.6 mmol). The solution was degassed for 5 min and NaSMe (316 mg, 4.5 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated at 100° C. for 42 h and was concentrated onto silica and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% EtOAc/Heptanes) to provide the title compound (463 mg, 100% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 411.3 (M+H)+.

Ethyl 3-methyl-4-methylsulfanyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (486 mg, 1.2 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Diisobutylaluminum hydride, 1.0 M in THF (6.2 mL, 6.2 mmol) added dropwise (internal temperature was kept below 2° C.). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and THF (3 mL) was added followed by sodium sulfate decahydrate (200 mg). The suspension was stirred at rt for 1 h, filtered and concentrated on silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% EtOAc/Heptanes) to provide the title compound (118 mg, 27% yield) as a colorless solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 369.2 (M+H)+.

6-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-7-methylsulfanyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole (81 mg, 0.19 mmol), di-tert-butyl-iminodicarboxylate (41 mg, 0.19 mmol) and cesium carbonate (62 mg, 0.19 mmol) were put in a flask. DMF (0.94 mL) was added and it was stirred for 30 min. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), washed with water (2×10 mL) and 50% brine (1×10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to provide the title compound (96 mg, 90% yield) as an off white solid which was used without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 568.5 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-4-methylsulfanyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (96 mg, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.85 mL) and ammonium carbamate (26 mg, 0.34 mmol) was added. It was cooled to 0° C. and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (145 mg, 0.34 mmol) was added then the mixture was stirred at rt for 25 min. The reaction was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 40-80% MeCN/AmF 10 mM buffer) to provide the title compound (23 mg, 23% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 599.3 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-4-(methylsulfonimidoyl)-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (23 mg, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.33 mL) and TFA (84 μL, 1.1 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 3 h, toluene (0.5 mL) was added and it was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF (0.43 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (75 μL) was added. To the mixture was added prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate (4.9 mg, 0.04 mmol) in THF (0.3 mL). The reaction was stirred at rt for 10 min then was diluted with water (1 mL) and extracted twice with DCM (2×5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by reverse phase chromatography (silica, C18, 40-80% MeCN/10 mM AmF water) to give mixture of enantiomers 7.5 mg, 43% yield as a colorless solid after lyophilization.

4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (2.03 g, 9.85 mmol), 2,6-dichloro-9-methyl-purine (2.00 g, 9.85 mmol) and potassium carbonate (5.45 g, 39.4 mmol) were dissolved in a 5:1 mixture of 1,4-dioxane (13.7 mL) and water (2.7 mL) and purged with nitrogen for 15 min. 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium dichloride (146 mg, 0.20 mmol) was quickly added and the reaction was sealed and heated to 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min. The reaction was then cooled to rt, extracted into EtOAc and concentrated to yield a crude solid which was then dissolved in DCM and MeOH (˜20 mL each) and carefully concentrated until solids appeared. The white solids were collected and the cake was washed with MeOH to yield the title compound (1.28 g, 40% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 329.0 (M+H)+.

A vial was charged with tert-butyl 3-bromoazetidine-1-carboxylate (459 mg, 1.94 mmol), 2-chloro-9-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]purine (426 mg, 1.3 mmol), nickel chloride dimethoxy ethane adduct (28 mg, 0.13 mmol), zinc (169 mg, 2.59 mmol), sodium iodide (49 mg, 0.32 mmol) and imidazole-4-carbonitrile (12 mg, 0.13 mmol) and the contents were placed under nitrogen. Inert atmosphere was insured by evacuating the flask using vacuum and re-introducing nitrogen three times. In another vial degassed DMA (4.3 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (10 μL, 0.13 mmol) were added. This solution was added to the solids at rt. The reaction was sealed and heated at 60° C. for 18 h. Water (15 mL) was added and the product was extracted with DCM (2×15 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with a 1:1 mixture of brine and water (30 mL) and then dried over magnesium sulfate and directly concentrated onto silica gel. The product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% DCM/EtOAc) to afford the title compound (260 mg, 45% yield) as an off-white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 450.3 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (87 mg, 0.16 mmol) (described in example 27 step 8) was dissolved in DCM (1.6 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.37 mL, 4.73 mmol) was added at rt. The reaction was stirred at this temperature for 1 h. Toluene (˜3 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The crude reaction mixture was taken to the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 352.5 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (400 mg, 0.73 mmol) (described in Example 27 step 8) was dissolved in DMF (2.1 mL) and imidazole (88.9 mg, 1.31 mmol) was added followed by tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (120 mg, 0.800 mmol). The reaction was stirred at rt for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (5 mL) and washed with water (2×5 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (470 mg, 97% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 666.2 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (470 mg, 0.71 mmol) was suspended in MeCN (7.1 mL) and magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (0.03 mL, 0.21 mmol) was added at rt. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 60° C. for 1.5 h then diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and the organic layer was washed with (1:1) H2O:brine (2×20 mL). The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to give the crude title compound (400 mg, 100% yield) as a white powder. LCMS (ESI): m/z 566.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl-N-[[4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (400 mg, 0.71 mmol) and iodomethane (0.05 mL, 0.74 mmol) in THF (4.7 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) (31 mg, 0.78 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and then warmed to rt and stirred at rt for an additional 3 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (15 ml) and the organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (5 ml) and brine (15 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude reaction mixture was used as such in the next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 580.3 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl N-[[4-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (392 mg, 0.680 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4.6 mL) and tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride [1.0 M in THF](1.35 mL, 1.35 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and the organic layer was washed with water (2×15 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was then purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 20-40% [EtOAc:MeOH (7:3)] in heptane) to yield the title compound (218 mg, 69% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 466.1 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (470 mg, 0.86 mmol) (described in Example 27, step 7, step X) was suspended in MeCN (8.6 mL) and magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (85 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at 60° C. for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with water (20 mL) and the product was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the crude title compound (400 mg, 100% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 448.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl-N-[[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (400 mg, 0.890 mmol) and iodomethane (0.06 mL, 0.94 mmol) in THF (6.0 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) (39 mg, 0.98 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and then warmed to rt. After 2 h excess iodomethane (0.06 mL, 0.94 mmol) and sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) (39 mg, 0.98 mmol) was added at 0° C. and the reaction was warmed to rt. After 3 h (5 h total), the reaction was cooled in an ice-bath and water (30 mL) was added dropwise. The product was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% EtOAc in heptanes) to afford the title compound (392 mg, 95% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 462.2 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-methyl-N-[[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (392 mg, 0.85 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (119 mg, 1.02 mmol) was dissolved in acetone (6.8 mL) and water (1.7 mL). To this was then added osmium tetroxide (4% wt in water) (270 μL, 0.04 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at rt for 2 h. Fresh osmium tetroxide (4% wt in water) (270 μL, 0.0400 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for an additional 15 h. The reaction was diluted with water (30 mL) and the product was extracted with DCM (3×30 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The reaction mixture was re-subjected to the reaction conditions described above with the following modification CH3CN (3.0 mL) water (1.0 mL) instead of acetone and water. The reaction was stirred at rt for 4 days. The above work-up procedure was repeated and the crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-5% MeOH in DCM) to afford the title compound (214 mg, 51% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 496.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl-N-[[4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-methyl-carbamate (214 mg, 0.43 mmol) in DCM (2.2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 mL, 13 mmol) at rt. After 30 min toluene (˜2 mL) was added and the mixture was concentrated. To residue was added EEDQ (98 mg, 0.40 mmol), 2-fluoroprop-2-enoic acid (33 mg, 0.36 mmol) and a mixture of DCM (0.9 mL) and methanol (0.9 mL). The reaction was cooled in an ice-bath and triethylamine (0.5 mL, 3.95 mmol) was added. The reaction was gradually warmed to rt and stirred at rt for 3 h. Excess EEDQ (98 mg, 0.40 mmol) and 2-fluoroprop-2-enoic acid (33 mg, 0.36 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred at rt for an additional 3 h. Again excess EEDQ (98 mg, 0.40 mmol) and 2-fluoroprop-2-enoic acid (33 mg, 0.36 mmol) and triethylamine (0.11 mL, 0.79 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred for an additional 16 h. Saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (5 mL) was added and the product was extracted using 20% iPrOH in CHCl3 (3×5 mL) and the combined organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0-100% ACN in 10 mM ammonium formate). Fractions containing the desired product were combined and ACN was removed. The product was extracted with 20% iPrOH in CHCl3 (3×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The product was further purified using Buchi prep system (Luna column, 30%-70% MeCN in 10 mM AmF water) to afford 35 mg as a mixture of enantiomers. LCMS (ESI): m/z 468.2 (M+H)+.

7-bromo-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (400 mg, 1.8 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (9.0 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Sodium hydride (86 mg, 2.2 mmol) was added slowly followed by iodomethane (307 mg, 2.16 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred for 16 h. The mixture was quenched with water (10 mL) and extracted into EtOAc (3×20 mL), the combined organic phased were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0 to 30% MeOH/DCM) to yield a mixture of the above compounds (314 mg, 74% yield) in an approximately 1:1 ratio. LCMS (ESI): m/z 238.0 (M+H)+.

To 1-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) in THF (3.2 mL) was added a 1 M solution of BH3 in THF (0.63 mL, 0.63 mmol) slowly. The resulting solution was refluxed for 30 min then cooled down to rt and quenched with 1 M aqueous NaOH solution (3.2 mL) and extracted into EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phased were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield crude [1-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methanamine. LCMS (ESI): m/z 322.5 (M+H)+.

4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (1.01 g, 4.93 mmol), 2,6-dichloro-9-methyl-purine (1.0 g, 4.93 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.72 mg, 19.7 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (2 mL) and purged with nitrogen. 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride (183 mg, 0.25 mmol) was added. The reaction was sealed and heated to 120° C. in a microwave for 30 min. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL) and solvent removed to yield a crude solid. The crude was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and MeOH (10 mL), solvent was removed until the formation of a precipitate. The solid was filtered, washed with MeOH to yield the title compound (800 mg, 49% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 329.0 (M+H)+.

2-chloro-9-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]purine (800 mg, 2.43 mmol) and zinc cyanide (343 mg, 2.92 mmol) were added to anhydrous DMF (9.7 mL) and purged with N2 for 5 min. Palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (141 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to 180° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min. The reaction was then diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and water (15 mL), phased were separated and organic phase was washed with water (2×15 mL) followed by brine (15 mL) and was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in DCM (20 mL) and MeOH (10 mL), solvent was removed until the formation of a precipitate. The solid was filtered, washed with MeOH to yield the title compound (516 mg, 66% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 320.0 (M+H)+.

9-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]purine-2-carbonitrile (240 mg, 0.75 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3.2 mL) and 1 M solution of BH3 in THF (1.13 mL, 1.13 mmol) was added slowly. The resulting solution was refluxed for 30 min. The reaction was cooled down to rt and quenched with 1 M aqueous NaOH solution (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phased were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield crude [9-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7,8-dihydropurin-2-yl]methanamine. LCMS (ESI): m/z 326.1 (M+H)+.

This solid was dissolved in DCM (3.1 mL), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (204 mg, 0.90 mmol) was added and stirred at rt for 30 min. 1 M aqueous NaOH solution (5 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3×10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield [9-methyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]purin-2-yl]methanamine. LCMS (ESI): m/z 324.1 (M+H)+.

6-methyl-3-nitro-pyridine-2,4-diol (25 g, 146.96 mmol) was suspended in acetic acid (245 mL). Bromine (8.3 mL, 162 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 17 h. Water (500 mL) was added to precipitate a solid. The solids were washed with H2O (3×100 mL) then with EtOH (3×100 mL) and dried to provide title compound (30.8 g, 84% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 248.9 (M+H)+.

5-bromo-6-methyl-3-nitro-pyridine-2,4-diol (37.5 g, 151 mmol) was suspended in phosphorus oxychloride (140 mL, 1506 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 100° C. for 18 h. Remaining POCl3 was distilled off and the resulting was cooled to 0° C. and water (100 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL) and the combined organic phased were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-40% EtOAc/heptanes) to yield the title compound (23.4 g, 54% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 284.9 (M+H)+.

5-bromo-2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-3-nitro-pyridine (18.0 g, 63.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (164 mL) and cooled to 0° C. A 33% solution of methylamine in ethanol (17.8 mL, 188.87 mmol) and triethylamine (0.88 mL, 6.3 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 15 min then water (200 mL) was added and the solution was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with 1 M aqueous HCl solution (100 mL) then with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield the title compound (17.6 g, 99% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 280 (M+H)+.

3-bromo-6-chloro-N,2-dimethyl-5-nitropyridin-4-amine (1.4 g, 4.99 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (925 mg, 4.49 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.07 g, 14.97 mmol) were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) and water (3 mL) and purged with nitrogen. Palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (404 mg, 0.35 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at 75° C. for 17 h. The solution was cooled to rt, EtOAc (10 mL) was added, phases were separated and organic phase was and dried over sodium sulfate and filtered through Celite. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-30% EtOAc/heptanes) to obtain a mixture of starting material, desire product and bis aryl side product (600 mg). LCMS (ESI): m/z 408.0 (M+H)+. To the mixture in ethanol (7 mL) was added tin(II) chloride dihydrate (1.35 g, 5.91 mmol) and heated to 45° C. for 17 h. The reaction was cooled down to rt and quenched with 2 M aqueous NaOH solution (7 mL), extracted with DCM (3×30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to yield crude 5-bromo-N4,6-dimethyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]pyridine-3,4-diamine. LCMS (ESI): m/z 378.0 (M+H)+.

This solid was dissolved in formic acid (16.7 mL, 442.62 mmol) and heated to 90° C. for 2 h. Solvent was removed and the residual was dissolved in DCM (30 mL) then was washed with saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 20-50% EtOAc/heptanes) to yield the title compound was a white solid (390 mg, 20% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 387.7 (M+H)+.

A solution of 7-bromo-1,6-dimethyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (390 mg, 1.01 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (216 mg, 1.21 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (6.5 mL) was purged with nitrogen. Benzoyl peroxide (49 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at 70° C. 17 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 30-70% EtOAc/heptane) to yield the title compound (400 mg, 85% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 466.0 (M+H)+.

7-bromo-6-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (400 mg, 0.86 mmol) and tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonylcarbamate (243 mg, 1.12 mmol) were dissolved in MeCN (6.5 mL) and cesium carbonate (564 mg, 1.72 mmol) was added and stirred at rt for 90 min. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield the title compound (517 mg, 99% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 603.1 (M+H)+.

tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-vinyl-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-6-yl]methyl]carbamate (150 mg, 0.300 mmol) and magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate (27.2 mg, 0.0100 mmol) were dissolved in MeCN (3 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1 h. The reaction was then concentrated and dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give crude tert-butyl N-[[1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-vinyl-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-6-yl]methyl]carbamate (127 mg). LCMS (ESI): m/z 449.2 (M+H)+.

This crude material was dissolved in DCM (12 mL) and 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (0.06 mL, 0.57 mmol) was added followed by osmium tetraoxide (4% wt in water) (180 μL, 0.03 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 20 h. More osmium tetraoxide (4% wt in water) (180 μL, 0.030 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 72 h. The reaction was then diluted with saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to give tert-butyl N-[[7-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-6-yl]methyl]carbamate (136 mg) as a black solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 483.1 (M+H)+.

This black solid was dissolved in DCM (1.2 mL) and TFA (175 μL) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h then was concentrated with toluene (2 mL). The crude material was dissolved in THF (1.7 mL) and saturated aqueous Na2CO3 solution (350 μL) was added. To the mixture was added acrylic anhydride (20 mg, 0.16 mmol) at rt and stirred for 10 min. The reaction was diluted with DCM (10 mL) and washed with water (5 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, C18, 0-100% MeCN/10 mM ammonium formate) to yield a mixture of enantiomers (50 mg). The above racemate was purified by chiral SFC giving:

This crude solid was dissolved in DCM (1.8 mL) and TFA (1.6 mL, 21 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. Toluene (2 mL) was added and solvent removed to yield a crude residue. LCMS (ESI): m/z 388.2 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-7-vinyl-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-6-yl]methyl]carbamate (155 mg, 0.28 mmol) (described in Examples 66 and 67, step 7) was dissolved in methanol (3 mL) and cooled to −78° C. Ozone was bubbled for 15 min, the solution was purged with nitrogen for 5 min and then sodium borohydride (214 mg, 5.65 mmol) was added. The cooling bath was removed and it was stirred for 30 min then was diluted with 1 M aqueous HCl solution (5 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give 156 mg as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 553.3 (M+H)+.

This brown solid was dissolved in DCM (1.8 mL) and TFA (1.1 mL, 14 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred for 3 h then quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (4 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield a crude residue. LCMS (ESI): m/z 353.2 (M+H)+.

This brown oil was dissolved in methanol (1.7 mL) and 1 M aqueous HCl solution (1.7 mL, 1.7 mmol) was added and was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (2 mL), then extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give crude tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-4-[(3S)-3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl]-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (100 mg). LCMS (ESI): m/z 606.5 (M+H)+.

This crude material was dissolved in DCM (1.7 mL) and TFA (1 mL, 0.17 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred for 30 min. Toluene (1 mL) was added and solvent removed under reduced pressure to yield crude (2S)-4-[5-(aminomethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-4-yl]but-3-yne-1,2-diol (66 mg). LCMS (ESI): m/z 406.3 (M+H)+.

This brown oil was dissolved in methanol (1.7 mL) and 1 M aqueous HCl solution (3.3 mL, 3.3 mmol) was added and stirred at rt for 17 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (2 mL), then extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give crude tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-4-[(3R)-3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl]-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (200 mg). LCMS (ESI): m/z 606.5 (M+H)+.

This crude material was dissolved in DCM (1.6 mL) and TFA (1 mL, 0.33 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred for 30 min. Toluene (1 mL) was added and solvent removed under reduced pressure to yield (2R)-4-[5-(aminomethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-4-yl]but-3-yne-1,2-diol (133 mg) as a crude brown residue. LCMS (ESI): m/z 406.3 (M+H)+.

tert-butyl-N-[[4-bromo-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-carbamate (200 mg, 0.33 mmol) (described in Example 27 step 6), palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (58 mg, 0.050 mmol) and Zn(CN)2 (117 mg, 1.0 mmol) were added to DMA (1.7 mL) and the mixture was degassed with N2. The mixture was then stirred at 110° C. for 17 h. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with water (2×50 mL) followed by brine (50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated with silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% EtOAC/heptanes) to yield the title compound (20 mg, 13% yield) as an off-white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 447.4 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl-N-[[4-cyano-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (20 mg, 0.040 mmol) in ethanol (0.4 mL) was added a 1 M aqueous solution of LiOH (0.13 mL, 0.13 mmol) followed by a 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide solution (0.01 mL, 0.13 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred for 3 days. Water (3 mL) was added and the product was extracted with 20% iPrOH in CHCl3 (3×3 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to yield tert-butyl-N-[[4-carbamoyl-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate as a crude residue. LCMS (ESI): m/z 464.9 (M+H)+.

This residue was dissolved in 4 N HCl in dioxane (1.08 mL, 4.31 mmol) and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (2 mL) then extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield a crude residue. LCMS (ESI): m/z 365.2 (M+H)+.

tert-Butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-vinyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (320 mg, 0.58 mmol) (described in Example 27 step 7) was dissolved in DCM (8 mL) and the mixture was cooled to −78° C. under N2. Ozone was bubbled for 5 min until a blue color appeared. The mixture was purged with N2 at −78° C. for 5 min then was added triphenyl phosphine (307 mg, 1.17 mmol) and the mixture was warmed to rt. The crude was concentrated with silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 20-40% (30% MeOH in EtOAc)/heptanes) to give the title compound (220 mg, 69% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 550.3 (M+H)+.

7-chloro-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbaldehyde (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (0.5 mL) and cooled to 0° C. To the solution was added diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (0.024 mL, 0.18 mmol) in DCM (0.6 mL) and it was removed from the cooling bath and stirred for 18 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM (30 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through 1 cm×1 cm silica plug topped with Celite and concentrated to give crude title compound (88 mg, 85% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 572.2 (M+H)+.

To tert-butyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (88 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DCM (1.9 mL) was added TFA (1.0 mL, 0.15 mmol) and the solution was stirred for 30 min. Toluene (2 mL) was added and the mixture was concentrated to [4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methanamine as a green oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 372.3 (M+H)+.

Ethyl 4-imidazol-1-yl-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (210 mg, 0.49 mmol) was dissolved in THF (6 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Diisobutylaluminum hydride, 1.0 M in THF (2.54 mL, 2.54 mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture with stirring. The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred for 30 min. To the mixture was added 20 mL THF and 600 mg Na2SO4-10H2O. The mixture was stirred at rt for 10 min and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound (155 mg, 82% yield) as crude product. LCMS (ESI): m/z 389.3 (M+H)+.

To a solution of sodium azide (225 mg, 3.46 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was added 6-(bromomethyl)-7-imidazol-1-yl-1-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazole (156 mg, 0.35 mmol) (DCM solution from previous step) with stirring. The reaction was stirred at rt for 10 min. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and water (30 mL). Organic layer was separated, washed with water (30 mL) and brine (10 mL) and concentrated with silica gel. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 0-100% (30% MeOH in EtOAc)/Heptanes) to give the title compound (105 mg, 73% yield). LCMS (ESI): m/z 414.3 (M+H)+.

To diazonio-[[4-imidazol-1-yl-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]azanide (107 mg, 0.26 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2.4 mL) was purged with nitrogen. 10% palladium on carbon (28 mg, 0.030 mmol) was added and the suspension was purged with hydrogen then stirred under hydrogen for 16 h. The reaction was purged with nitrogen, filtered through Celite and concentrated to yield [4-imidazol-1-yl-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methanamine as a crude solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 388.3 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-ol (3.8 g, 12.41 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) was added bromine (1.27 mL, 24.82 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was quenched with sat. Na2S2O4 (50 mL), extracted with DCM (100 mL×3), the organic layer was dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.6 g, 96%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 384.8 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((5-(benzyloxy)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.38 mmol) in 6 M/L hydrogen chloride (10 mL, 60 mmol) was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (128 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude would be used in the next step directly. LCMS (ESI): m/z 335.9 (M+H)+.

To a solution of NaHCO3 (21 mg, 0.25 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and water (2 mL) was added 6-(aminomethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-ol hydrochloride (128 mg, 0.38 mmol) and Boc2O (55 mg, 0.25 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL×2), the organic layer was washed with brine (15 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (0-30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (100 mg, 60%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 436.0 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-6-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (600 mg, 1.04 mmol) and con.HCl (3 mL) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and adjusted to pH=7 with sat.NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (300 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 380.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 1-(6-(aminomethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-yl)ethane-1,2-diol (300 mg, 0.79 mmol) and sat.NaHCO3 (0.5 mL) in THF (10 mL) was added acrylicanhydride (110 mg, 0.87 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-100% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (250 mg, 73%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 434.0 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 6-iodo-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxaline-5-carbaldehyde (300 mg, 0.68 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added methylmagnesium bromide (0.27 mL, 0.81 mmol, 3.0 mom/L in THF) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture was quenched with sat.NH4Cl (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3) and washed with water (50 mL×3). The organic was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (300 mg, 97%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 461.1 (M+H)+.

A mixture of 1-(6-iodo-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-yl)ethan-1-ol (500 mg, 1.09 mmol), potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (515 mg, 2.17 mmol), CATACXIUM A Pd G2 (73 mg, 0.11 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (708 mg, 2.17 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 5 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL×2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-50% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (200 mg, 40%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 464.2 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) in 5% TFA in HFIP (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was quenched with water (100 mL) then adjusted pH to 8 with aq. NaHCO3 solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (150 mg, crude) as a brown oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 346.1 (M+H-H2O)+.

To a solution of 1-(6-(aminomethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-yl)ethan-1-ol (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) and sat.NaHCO3 (1 mL) in THF (5 mL) was added acrylic anhydride (78 mg, 0.62 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*30 mm*5 um, water (0.225% FA)-ACN, 49-79%) to afford the title compound (60 mg, 35%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 400.2 (M+H-H2O)+.

To a solution of 6-iodo-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxaline-5-carbaldehyde (150 mg, 0.34 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was added NaBH4 (15 mg, 0.41 mmol) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of aq.NH4Cl (3 mL). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound (100 mg, crude). The crude product was used directly for next step. LCMS (ESI): m/z 447.0 (M+H)+. Note: quinoxaline could be reduced during reduction reaction.

A mixture of potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (298 mg, 1.26 mmol), (6-iodo-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-5-yl)methanol (187 mg, 0.42 mmol), Cs2CO3 (410 mg, 1.26 mmol) and CATACXIUM A Pd G2 (28 mg, 0.04 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) was stirred at 80° C. under N2 atmosphere for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (80 mL) and washed with water (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-60% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (100 mg, 53%) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 450.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl ((5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added con.HCl (1 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and adjusted to pH=7 with sat.NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (50 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 350.1 [M+H]+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((5-cyano-8-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)quinoxalin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.45 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was quenched with water (10 mL) then adjusted pH to 8 with aq.NaHCO3 solution and diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (150 mg, crude) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 345.1 (M+H)+.

A mixture of (5-(aminomethyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)methanol (200 mg, 0.59 mmol) and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (145 mg, 0.88 mmol) in HFIP (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was quenched with H2O (4 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (200 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. The crude was used directly and without other purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 354.1 (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl ((4-(cis-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added 5% TFA in HFIP (1 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure directly to afford the title compound (130 mg, crude) as yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 384.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of cis-1-(5-(aminomethyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)propane-1,2-diol 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (130 mg, 0.3 mmol) and sat.NaHCO3 (2 mL) in THF (5 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (33 mg, 0.3 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3), the organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*25 mm*5 um, acetonitrile 37-67%/0.225% FA in water) to afford the title compound (80 mg, 53%) as white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 460.2 (M+Na)+.

A mixture of Cs2CO3 (646 mg, 1.98 mmol), potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (262 mg, 1.3 mmol), CATACXIUM A Pd G2 (44 mg, 0.07 mmol) and 3-(5-bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-3-hydroxypropanenitrile (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (12 mL) and water (1.2 mL) was purged with N2 atmosphere for 3 min. The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 4 h under N2 atmosphere. The solution was concentrated. The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL×3) and washed with water (40 mL×3). The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Then the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (100 mg, 43%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 375.1 (M+Na)+.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl ((4-(2-cyano-1-hydroxyethyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)carbamate (400 mg, 0.80 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (300 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. The crude was used directly without father purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 379.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 3-(5-(aminomethyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)-3-hydroxypropanenitrile 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (250 mg, 0.60 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added sat.NaHCO3 (1 mL) and acryloyl chloride (119 mg, 1.3 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (200 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 433.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)carbamate (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 2,6-lutidine (0.04 mL, 0.33 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TMSOTf (0.12 mL, 0.66 mmol) at 0° C. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (30 mg, crude) as a black oil. The crude product was used directly for next step. LCMS (ESI): m/z 263.2 (M+H−17)+.

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)methyl)(methyl)carbamate (800 mg, 1.72 mmol) and saturated 2,6-lutidine (3 mL, 25.76 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TMSOTf (6 mL, 33.15 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (500 mg, crude) as a brown solid. The crude product was used directly for next step. LCMS (ESI): m/z 294.2 (M+H)+.

To a solution of methyl 5-cyano-7-(5-isopropoxythiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylate (90 mg, 0.26 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LAH (50 mg, 1.31 mmol) slowly at 0° C. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with aq.KHSO4 (1 mL) and dried over MgSO4. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (83 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 321.1 (M+H)+.

A mixture of 5-bromo-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (6.0 g, 15.62 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-vinyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3.61 g, 23.43 mmol), Na2CO3 (3.31 g, 31.24 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (1.14 g, 1.56 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 8 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 mL) and washed with water (300 mL×3). The organic was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-25% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (4.3 g, 83%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 332.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 5-formyl-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (600 mg, 1.8 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was added NaBH4 (34 mg, 0.90 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (50 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). Combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (600 mg, crude) as a brown solid. The crude product was used directly for next step directly.

To a solution of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carbonitrile (600 mg, 1.79 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added PBr3 (0.17 mL, 1.79 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2.5 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography column on silica gel (0-40% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (500 mg, 70%) as a yellow solid.

To a solution of 7-chloro-4-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-amine (2.0 g, 10.0 mmol) and 4M HCl (5 mL, 20.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added a solution of NaNO2 (1.4 g, 20 mmol) in water (2 mL) slowly at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 minutes. Then the KI (2.5 g, 15.0 mmol) in water (2 mL) was added slowly into it at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 40 minutes. The mixture was diluted with water (100 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3) and washed with brine (100 mL×3). The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-5% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.72 (dd, J=17.6, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 5.55-5.38 (m, 2H), 4.68 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2H).

To a solution of 7-chloro-5-iodo-4-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1.0 g, 3.30 mmol) and K2OsO4·2H2O (120 mg, 0.30 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and water (2 mL) was added NMO (788 mg, 6.70 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×2) and brine (100 mL×2). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuo to afford the title compound (600 mg, 54%) as a white solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.58 (s, 1H), 5.12-5.09 (m, 1H), 4.69-4.60 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.33 (m, 1H).

To a solution of 4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-7-[4-(pentafluoro-6-sulfanyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile (240 mg, 0.70 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added Raney Ni (64 mg, 0.70 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under H2 balloon for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (300 mg, crude) as a brown oil.

To a solution of N-[[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-7-[4-(pentafluoro-6-sulfanyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]prop-2-enamide (250 mg, 0.50 mmol) and sat.NaHCO3 (1 mL) in THF (5 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (55 mg, 0.60 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (260 mg, crude). The mixture was used directly and without further purification.

To a solution of N-[[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-7-[4-(pentafluoro-6-sulfanyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]methyl]prop-2-enamide (250 mg, 0.50 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added 4M HCl (2 mL). Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 4 h. The solution was combined, the residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*25 mm*5 um, acetonitrile 40-70%/water (NH4HCO3)—CAN) to afford the title compound (100 mg, 43%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 488.1 (M+Na)+.

To a solution of 7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-5-vinylthiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (110 mg, 0.34 mmol) in THF (4 mL) and water (0.50 mL) was added OsO4 (10 mg, 0.04 mmol) and NaIO4 (292 mg, 1.36 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with aq.Na2SO3 (10 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3), combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (110 mg, 99%) as a brown solid. The crude product was used for next step directly. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ: 10.32 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 9.00-8.92 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 2H).

To a solution of ethanamine hydrochloride (81 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) was added TEA (0.14 mL, 1.0 mmol), then 7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (250 mg, 0.50 mmol) and FA (12 mg, 0.25 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then NaBH(OAc)3 (159 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added into it. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by pre-TLC (10% methanol in DCM) to afford the title compound (160 mg, 90%) as a colorless solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 355.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of tert-butyl((7-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)carbamate (75 mg, 0.18 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL) was added TFA (0.3 mL) at 0° C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with ammonia (1 mL). The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (57 mg, crude) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 327.0 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 5,7-dichlorothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (2.0 g, 9.71 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added NH3—H2O (10 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (1.5 g, 83%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 187.0 (M+H)+.

To a solution of t-BuONO (0.96 mL, 8.04 mmol) and CuBr (2.31 g, 16.08 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added 5-chlorothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7-amine (1.5 g, 8.04 mmol) at room temperature, and then the reaction was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×2). The organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (600 mg, 30%) as white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 249.9 (M+H)+.

A mixture of potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (542 mg, 2.27 mmol), 5-chloro-7-(3-isopropylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (180 mg, 0.57 mmol), CATACXIUM A Pd G2 (38 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (556 mg, 1.71 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (7 mL) and water (0.70 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 5 h under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was quenched with water (30 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3) and washed with brine (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Then the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (34 mg, 16%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 375.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((7-(3-isopropylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)carbamate (34 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (0.2 mL) at room temperature, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was quenched with NH3—H2O (1 mL). The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (24 mg, crude) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 275.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of methylamine hydrochloride (33 mg, 0.49 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (3 mL) were added TEA (0.48 mL, 3.46 mmol), 7-[4-(pentafluoro-6-sulfanyl)phenyl]thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (90 mg, 0.25 mmol) and one drop HOAc. The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then NaBH(OAc)3 (78 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added into it. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The reaction was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organics were washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (90 mg, crude) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 383.0 (M+H)+.

A mixture of 6-bromo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazole-7-carbonitrile (300 mg, 0.75 mmol), Cs2CO3 (490 mg, 1.5 mmol), CATACXIUM A Pd G2 (101 mg, 0.15 mmol) and potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (446 mg, 2.25 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL) was purged with N2 atmosphere for 3 min at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 12 h under N2 atmosphere. After cooling down, the solution was quenched with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2), the organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-25% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (200 mg, 59%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 472.0 (M+Na)+.

A mixture of TEA (0.19 mL, 1.33 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (46 mg, 0.67 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 15 min, then tert-butyl ((7-cyano-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added into it, the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. The reaction was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was quenched with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2), the organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (105 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude would be used in the next step directly. LCMS (ESI): m/z 483.0 (M+H)+.

A mixture of tert-butyl ((7-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (80 mg, 0.16 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (6 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (82 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude was used for the next step directly.

A mixture of tert-butyl ((7-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (80 mg, 0.17 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford the crude title compound (60 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude product was used directly.

To a mixture of 1-(6-(aminomethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-7-yl)ethane-1,2-diol 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (60 mg, 0.16 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added saturated aq.NaHCO3 (1 mL) and acryloyl chloride (0.03 mL, 0.33 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The solution was diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-30% EE (EtOH: ethyl acetate=1:3) in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (25.0 mg, 36%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 405.2 (M+H−18)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl methyl((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (300 mg, 1.11 mmol) in acetone (3 mL) and water (1 mL) was added KHF2 (259 mg, 3.32 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was lyophilized to afford the crude title compound (270 mg, crude) as a white solid. The crude product was used for next step directly.

A mixture of 1-(6-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-7-yl)ethane-1,2-diol (200 mg, 0.43 mmol), Sphos Pd G2 (30 mg, 0.04 mmol), potassium (((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)trifluoroborate (216 mg, 0.86 mmol) and K2CO3 (178 mg, 1.30 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and water (0.5 mL) was purged with N2 atmosphere for 3 min. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h under N2 atmosphere. After cooling down. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (40 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). Combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-50% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (150 mg, 72%) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 483.2 (M+H)+.

A mixture of tert-butyl ((7-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)methyl)(methyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.41 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated to afford the title compound (150 mg, crude) as a brown solid. The crude was used directly without any purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 383.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 6-nitro-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazole (4.4 g, 14.28 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (3.0 g, 2.86 mmol), the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours under H2 (15 psi). The mixture was filtrated and washed with methanol, the solution was concentrated under vacuo to afford the title compound (2.2 g, 55%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 278.8 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-6-amine (1.3 g, 4.74 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added NBS (0.8 g, 4.74 mmol) at 0° C., the solution was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours, The solution was quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL×3), the organic layer was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated under vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0-5% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (1.1 g, 65%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 356.8 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 6-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-7-vinylbenzo[d]oxazole (150 mg, 0.36 mmol) and K2OsO4·2H2O (13 mg, 0.04 mmol) in THF (6 mL) and water (1.2 mL) was added NMO (55 mg, 0.47 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and washed with water (20 mL) and Na2S2O3 solution (20 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0-50% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (100 mg, 62%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 450.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((7-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (210 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (6 mL) was added 2,6-dimethylpyridine (149 mg, 1.39 mmol) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (620 mg, 2.79 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (163 mg, crude). The crude compound was used for the next step directly. LCMS (ESI): m/z 353.0 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 1-(6-(aminomethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-7-yl)ethane-1,2-diol (190 mg, 0.41 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added sat.NaHCO3 (2 mL) and acryloyl chloride (0.05 mL, 0.65 mmol) and at 0° C. Then the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by pre-TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate:ethanol=8:3:1) to afford the title compound (50 mg, 23%) as a brown solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 428.9 (M+Na)+.

A solution of tert-butyl carbamate (816 mg, 6.96 mmol) and 1M sodium hydroxide (6.96 mL, 6.96 mmol) in propan-1-ol (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 5 mins. Then tert-butyl hypochlorite (0.78 mL, 6.96 mmol) was added into it and the reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 mins. This reaction was then placed in an ice-bath. (DHQD)2PHAL (109 mg, 0.14 mmol) and (DHQ)2PHAL (109 mg, 0.14 mmol) in propan-1-ol (5 mL) and 6-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-7-vinylbenzo[d]oxazole (1.0 g, 2.32 mmol) in propan-1-ol (5 mL) were added sequentially, and then the solution was stirred for 6 mins. K2OsO4·2H2O (35 mg, 0.09 mmol) was added into the solution directly at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was quenched with the saturated Na2SO3 solution (5 mL). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3) and water (35 mL×2). The organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (560 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 465.0 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl (2-hydroxy-2-(6-iodo-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-7-yl)ethyl)carbamate (560 mg, 0.99 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (10 mL) was added bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (442 mg, 1.49 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) at room temperature for 2 mins. Then the solution was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-50% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (310 mg, 64%) as a white solid. 2D-NMR confirmed it. LCMS (ESI): m/z 491.0 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of 5-(6-(aminomethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazol-7-yl)oxazolidin-2-one (110 mg, 0.28 mmol) and saturated aq.NaHCO3 (1 mL) in THF (3 mL) was added acrylicanhydride (0.06 mL, 0.56 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The solution was diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×2). Combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*25 mm*5 um, water (NH4HCO3)-ACN, 30%-60%) to afford the title compound (50 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 448.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(bromomethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (2.0 g, 5.47 mmol) in CCl4 (20 mL) was added AIBN (180 mg, 1.09 mmol) and NBS (1.17 g, 6.57 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water (100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (0-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (2.2 g, 91%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 444.0 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(bromomethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (2.2 g, 4.95 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaN3 (330 mg, 5.08 mmol) at room temperature. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction solution was quenched with water (200 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (2.0 g, 99%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 407.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(azidomethyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.23 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added LiAlH4 (0.49 mL, 1.23 mmol, 2.5 M in THF) at 0° C. Then the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (1 mL) and aq.NaOH solution (1 mL, 2M). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (400 mg, crude) as a brown oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 339.1 (M+H)+.

A mixture of ethyl 4-bromo-6-methylbenzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (3.0 g, 10.56 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (741 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexabutyldistannane (6.94 mL, 13.73 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 16 hours under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was quenched with water (300 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (300 mL×3). The organic was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-15% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (3.8 g, 73%) as a yellow oil.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-methyl-4-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (900 mg, 2.46 mmol) in CCl4 (10 mL) was added AIBN (80 mg, 0.49 mmol) and NBS (524 mg, 2.95 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction solution was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours. The solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (900 mg, 82%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 445.0 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(bromomethyl)-4-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.12 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added NaN3 (80 mg, 1.24 mmol) at room temperature. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction solution was quenched with water (200 mL), extracted in ethyl acetate (300 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (0.40 g, 87%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 408.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of ethyl 6-(azidomethyl)-4-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-7-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LiAlH4 (0.22 mL, 0.54 mmol, 2.5 mol/L in THF) at 0° C. Then the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with water (1 mL) and sat.NaHCO3 solution (1 mL). The organic was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (80 mg, crude) as a brown liquid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 340.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid (800 mg, 7.99 mmol) in SOCl2 (10 mL, 7.99 mmol) was stirred at 100° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (940 mg, crude) as a colorless oil, which was used directly for next step without further purification.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (268 mg, 0.56 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (0.21 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure directly to afford the title compound (110 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. The reaction was used directly without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 364.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 9-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purine 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (110 mg, 0.29 mmol) and sat.NaHCO3 (1 mL) in THF (2 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (303 mg, 3.35 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The organics were washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*30 mm*5 um, acetonitrile 40-70%/water (FA)-ACN) to give the title compound (120 mg, 96%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 418.2 (M+H)+.

To the tert-butyl (1-(9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)carbamate (300 mg, 0.67 mmol) was added 5% TFA/HFIP (20 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction was quenched with NaHCO3 solution (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (200 mg, crude) as a yellow solid without further purification.

A solution of tert-butyl 3-cyano-3-(9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (120 mg, 0.25 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (6 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product and the residue was diluted with sat.NaHCO3 (5 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2), the organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (94 mg, crude) as a yellow oil and used directly.

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.0 g, 10.8 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added LiHMDS (14.04 mL, 14.04 mmol, 1.0 M/L in THF) at −78° C. for 10 min. The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h and N-methyl-N-methylenemethanaminium iodide (3.0 g, 16.2 mmol) was added into it at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h and warmed up to 0° C. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (100 mL) and water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL×3). The organic extracts were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (2.5 g, 93%) as a brown oil. The crude product was used directly for next step.

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-((dimethylamino)methyl)-2-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.5 g, 10.32 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was added 3-bromoprop-1-ene (0.89 mL, 10.32 mmol) and Na2CO3 (1.09 g, 10.32 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 d. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and the residual solid Na2CO3 was removed by filtration. The reaction was then quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (200 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (0-30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (1.3 g, 51%) as a slightly yellow oil that solidified on standing. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.22-6.19 (m, 1H), 5.51-5.46 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.71 (m, 2H), 1.57 (s, 9H).

To a solution of (9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)methanol (200 mg, 0.62 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added PBr3 (0.03 mL, 0.31 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title product (200 mg, crude) as a yellow solid which was used directly for the next step.

A solution of tert-butyl ((9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (140 mg, 0.34 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated directly to afford the title compound (140 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 314.9 (M+H)+.

To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (330 mg, 1.23 mmol) was added 5% TFA in HFIP (4 mL) at room temperature, the solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, the solution was concentrated under vacuo to afford the title compound (207 mg, crude), the residue was used directly for the next.

To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)piperidine 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (207 mg, 1.11 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added DIPEA (0.64 mL, 3.67 mmol) and 2,6-dichloro-9-methyl-9H-purine (173 mg, 0.86 mmol) at room temperature, the solution was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The solution was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3), the organic layer was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 4.60-4.10 (m, 5H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.92 (m, 2H); LCMS (ESI): m/z 336.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((9-methyl-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)piperidin-1-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (110 mg, 0.26 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, the solution was concentrated under vacuo to afford the title compound (84 mg, crude) and directly used for the next.

A mixture of 2,6-dichloro-9H-purine (10.0 g, 52.91 mmol), K3PO4 (22.5 g, 105.82 mmol) and ethyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate (10.0 mL, 79.37 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with water (200 mL×2) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the the title compound (2.4 g, 19%) as a white oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): (8.47 (s, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=58.8 Hz, 1H).

A mixture of 33% HBr in AcOH (3 mL) and 2-chloro-9-(difluoromethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purine (1.5 g, 4.11 mmol) was stirred at 80° C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 by sat.NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×5), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (1.0 g, crude) as a white solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 409.0 (M+H)+.

In a glove box, to a mixture of 2-bromo-9-(difluoromethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purine (250 mg, 0.64 mmol), Na2CO3 (170 mg, 1.59 mmol) in DME (10 mL) was added NiCl2.glyme (14 mg, 0.06 mmol), tert-butyl 3-bromoazetidine-1-carboxylate (226 mg, 0.96 mmol) and dtbbpy (25 mg, 0.10 mmol). The solution of TTMSS (190 mg, 0.760 mmol) and Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6 (7 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DME (4 mL) was added into the mixture at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred under a Lumidox Screen Kit at room temperature for 16 hours. Added water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (40 ml×3), the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated. The residue was purified by pre-TLC (30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (250 mg, 84%) as a green solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 430.0 (M+H−56)+.

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-(9-(difluoromethyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (220 mg, 0.45 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (20. mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (50 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 with sat.NaHCO3, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (170 mg, crude) as a white solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification.

To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-9-methyl-9H-purine (2.0 g, 9.85 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) and H20 (4 mL) was added DABCO (110 mg, 0.98 mmol) and NaCN (579 mg, 11.82 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was poured into water (25 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (40 mL×2), dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (50-100% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (1.35 g, 70%) as a pink solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.29 (s, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H).

To a solution of 9-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-9H-purine-6-carbonitrile (750 mg, 2.35 mmol) and NiCl2·6H2O (558 mg, 2.35 mmol) in methanol (12 mL) was added NaBH4 (266 mg, 7.05 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under N2 atmosphere. The reaction was poured into ice aq.NH4Cl (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3). The combined organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to afford the title compound (700 mg, crude) as a gray solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 324.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (690 mg, 1.48 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with water (100 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 with sat.NaHCO3, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (540 mg, crude) as a brown oil. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 366.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of 1-(6-(aminomethyl)-1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-7-yl)ethan-1-ol (540 mg, 1.48 mmol) and sat.NaHCO3 (5 mL) in THF (10 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (147 mg, 1.63 mmol) at 0° C., the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3), the organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*30 mm*5 um, acetonitrile 29-59%/water (FA)-ACN) to afford the title compound (240 mg, 39%) as white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 420.2 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[4-[2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethylamino]-3-methyl-7-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]methyl]carbamate (350 mg, 0.50 mmol) and con.HCl (2 mL) in THF (4 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with water (50 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 with sat.NaHCO3, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (110 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 381.1 (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of methyl 1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylate (5.0 g, 14.27 mmol) in THF (90 mL) and water (30 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (1.2 g, 28.55 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with water (60 mL), adjusted with 2M HCl to pH=3, extracted with ethyl acetate (80 mL×3). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound (4.6 g, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 336.9 (M+H)+.

To a solution of methyl 4-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylate (2.5 g, 7.06 mmol) and K3PO4 (3.0 g, 14.11 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added CH3I (1.1 g, 7.76 mmol) at 0° C. Then the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (500 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (500 mL×3), and the organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-50% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (1.8 g, 69%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 369.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of methyl 4-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylate (1.8 g, 4.89 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (1.03 g, 24.44 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was adjusted pH to 4 with aq. HCl (2N), extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (1.7 g, 98%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 355.1 (M+H)+

To a solution of tert-butyl (4-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)carbamate (850 mg, 2.0 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with aq.NaHCO3 (30 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford the title compound (600 mg, crude). The crude product would be directly used in the next step without purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 326.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((7-cyano-4-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound (100 mg, crude) as a brown oil. LCMS (ESI): m/z 365.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of tert-butyl (2-(7-cyano-1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)ethyl)carbamate (320 mg, 0.69 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added NaH (60% in mineral oil, 56 mg, 1.39 mmol) at 0° C., and the solution was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min under N2 atmosphere. Then Mel (296 mg, 2.08 mmol) was added into the mixture at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours under the protection of nitrogen. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2). The combined organics were washed with brine (10 mL×2), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (300 mg, 91%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 475.3 (M+H)+.

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (2-(7-cyano-1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)ethyl)(methyl)carbamate (300 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was diluted water (50 mL) and adjusted to pH=8 with sat.NaHCO3, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (200 mg, crude) as a white solid. The crude was used for next step without further purification. LCMS (ESI): m/z 375.1 (M+H).

To a 500 mL round bottomed flask was added 3-bromo-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine (13.0 g, 56.1 mmol) and FA (200 mL, 56.01 mmol). The solution was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was quenched with water (100 mL) and adjusted to pH 14 with 6N NaOH. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with brine (500 mL×3), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to dryness. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to afford the title compound (11.4 g, 88%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H); LCMS (ESI): m/z 242.0 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 4-bromo-6-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (11.4 g, 47.1 mmol) in DMF (120 mL) was added saturated K2CO3 (40 mL) and Mel (2.91 mL, 47.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was quenched with water (100 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL), washed with brine (200 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-40% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford the title compound (5.7 g, 47%) as a white solid, 2D-NMR confirmed it. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H).

A solution of tert-butyl 3-(1-methyl-4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (320 mg, 0.72 mmol) and 5% TFA in HFIP (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with water (10 mL), and the solution was adjusted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 to pH 7, and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford (220 mg, crude). LCMS (ESI): m/z 347.9 (M+H)+.

A solution of (8-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-6-yl)methanamine (6.0 g, 18.85 mmol), Boc2O (4.53 g, 20.74 mmol) and DMAP (230 mg, 1.89 mmol) in dichloromethane (70 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-25% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the title compound (4.5 g, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 419.2 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl ((8-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-6-yl)methyl)carbamate (3.5 g, 8.37 mmol) and NBS (1.78 g, 10.04 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (3.0 g, crude) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 497.1 (M+H)+.

A solution of tert-butyl N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N-[[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-8-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-6-quinolyl]methyl]carbamate (600 mg, 1.04 mmol) and con.HCl (3 mL) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with water (10 mL) and adjusted to pH to 7 with sat.NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (300 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 379.1 (M+H)+.

To a mixture of sat.NaHCO3 (3 mL) and 1-(6-(aminomethyl)-8-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-5-yl)ethane-1,2-diol (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (53 mg, 0.58 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL×3), the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Welch Xtimate C18 150*30 mm*5 um, acetonitrile 18-48%/water (FA)-ACN) to afford the title compound (180 mg, 79%) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI): m/z 433.1 (M+H)+.

His-tagged TEAD proteins are pre-incubated with TEAD project compounds for 30 minutes or 4 hours at room temperature. Biotinylated lipid pocket probes are then added to the TEAD/Compound mixture and incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature. The lipid pocket probe competes with the test compound for the TEAD lipid pocket until equilibrium is reached. After 60 minutes, Europium labelled anti-His (Perkin Elmer #ADO110) and XL665 labelled streptavidin (CIS Bio 610SAXAC) are added to the TEAD/test compound/lipid pocket mixture and incubated for 30 minutes or 4 hours. TR-FRET values are then measured using an EnVision multi-label plate reader (Perkin Elmer Cat #2104-0010A.) If the lipid pocket probe binds to TEAD as expected, a TR-FRET signal results from the proximity of anti-His Eu and XL665. If a TEAD lipid pocket binder such as binds and displaces the lipid pocket probe, the disruption of the TEAD:probe interaction results in a decrease in TR-FRET signal. The potency of compounds as TEAD lipid pocket binders is determined by IC50 value generated using a non-linear 4 parameter curve fit.

The IC50 data for selected compounds are presented in Table 3 (4 hours) below. Note that the “Compound Number” in Table 3 corresponds to the “Compound Number” in Table 1.

Example 147: Synthesis for Compound K1, Compound K2, and Compound K3

An exemplary synthesis of Compound K1 is described in US2018/0334454A1 (see, e.g., Example 41 on pages 210-212 of US2018/0334454A1).

An exemplary synthesis of Compound K2 is described in WO2021/124222A1 (see, e.g., Method 1 Synthetic Scheme as described on pages 111 to 114 of WO2021/124222A1).

An exemplary synthesis of Compound K3 is described in US2019/0144444A1 (see, e.g., Example 478 on pages 668-669 of US2019/0144444A1).

Any references detailed in this section are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and specifically with respect to methods of making compounds detailed therein.

To a mixture of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid (4.0 g, 19.1 mmol, AstaTech Inc., Bristol, Pa.) in dichloromethane (48 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (2M solution in DCM, 11.9 mL, 23.8 mmol), followed by a catalytic amount of DMF (0.05 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and then was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (48 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Ammonium hydroxide solution (28.0-30% NH3 basis, 3.6 mL, 28.6 mmol) was added slowly via syringe. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and then was concentrated. The residue was diluted with a 1:1 mixture of EtOAc/Heptane and agitated for 5 min, then was filtered. The filtered solids were discarded, and the remaining mother liquor was partially concentrated to half volume and filtered. The filtered solids were washed with heptane and dried in a reduced-pressure oven (450° C.) overnight to provide 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinamide. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.23 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H) 8.09 (br s, 1H) 7.93 (br s, 1H). m/z (ESI, +ve ion): 210.9 (M+H)+.

To an ice-cooled slurry of 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinamide (Intermediate S, 5.0 g, 23.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (2 M solution in DCM, 14.4 mL, 28.8 mmol) slowly via syringe. The resulting mixture was heated at 750° C. for 1 h, then heating was stopped, and the reaction was concentrated to half volume. After cooling to 0° C., THF (20 mL) was added, followed by a solution of 2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-amine (Intermediate R, 3.59 g, 23.92 mmol) in THF (10 mL), dropwise via cannula. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and then was quenched with a 1:1 mixture of brine and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×) and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoro-N-((2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)carbamoyl)nicotinamide. This material was used without further purification in the following step. m/z (ESI, +ve ion): 385.1 (M+H)+.

To a solution of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4.7 g, 13.5 mmol) and DIPEA (3.5 mL, 20.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added phosphorus oxychloride (1.63 mL, 17.5 mmol), dropwise via syringe. The resulting mixture was heated at 800° C. for 1 h, and then was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to provide 4,7-dichloro-6-fluoro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one. This material was used without further purification in the following step. m/z (ESI, +ve ion): 367.1 (M+H)+.

To an ice-cooled solution of 4,7-dichloro-6-fluoro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (13.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added DIPEA (7.1 mL, 40.3 mmol), followed by (S)-4-N-Boc-2-methyl piperazine (3.23 g, 16.1 mmol, Combi-Blocks, Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA). The resulting mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h, then was diluted with cold saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (200 mL) and EtOAc (300 mL). The mixture was stirred for an additional 5 min, the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with more EtOAc (1×). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-50% EtOAc/heptane) to provide (S)-tert-butyl 4-(7-chloro-6-fluoro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate. m/z (ESI, +ve ion): 531.2 (M+H)+.

In a 500 mL flask, tert-butyl 6-(3-bromo-4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-azaspiro [3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate (Intermediate C1, 10 g, 16.5 mmol), (1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)boronic acid (6.12 g, 33.1 mmol), RuPhos (1.16 g, 2.48 mmol) and RuPhos-Pd-G3 (1.66 g, 1.98 mmol) were suspended in toluene (165 mL) under argon. K3PO4 (2M, 24.8 mL, 49.6 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was placed in a preheated oil bath (95° C.) and stirred for 45 min. The reaction mixture was poured into a sat. aq. NH4Cl solution and was extracted with EtOAc (×3). The combined organic layers were washed with a sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution, dried (phase separator) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was diluted with THE (50 mL), SiliaMetS® Thiol (15.9 mmol) was added and the mixture swirled for 1 h at 40° C. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and the crude residue was purified by normal phase chromatography (eluent: MeOH in CH2Cl2 from 0 to 2%), the purified fractions were again purified by normal phase chromatography (eluent: MeOH in CH2Cl2 from 0 to 2%) to give the title compound as a beige foam. UPLC-MS-3: Rt=1.23 min; MS m/z [M+H]+; 656.3/658.3.

TFA (19.4 mL, 251 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 6-(4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate (Step 1, 7.17 g, 10.0 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (33 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT under nitrogen for 1.5 h. The RM was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a trifluoroacetate salt, which was used without purification in the next step. UPLC-MS-3: Rt=0.74 min; MS m/z [M+H]+; 472.3/474.3.

2-fluoroprop-2-enoyl chloride. To a solution of 2-fluoroprop-2-enoic acid (400 mg, 4.44 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (4 mL) was added (COCl)2 (846 mg, 6.66 mmol, 583 μL, 1.5 eq) and DMF (32.5 mg, 444 umol, 34.2 uL, 0.1 eq). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove a part of solvent and give a residue in DCM. Compound 2-fluoroprop-2-enoyl chloride (400 mg, crude) was obtained as a yellow liquid and used into the next step without further purification.

Synthetic Route

To a solution of 6-bromo-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (30.0 g, 160 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (500 mL) was added slowly sodium hydride (19.0 g, 792 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred at 25° C. for 1 hour. Then 4-methoxybenzylchloride (56.0 g, 359 mmol) was added into the reaction system and stirred at 25° C. for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction system was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (500 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 L). The mixture was washed with brine (5×500 mL) and the organic layers were combined, dried with Na2SO4, evaporated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column eluting with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (15%) to afford 6-bromo-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-methylpyridin-2-amine (60 g, 140 mmol, 87.5% yield) as an off-white solid. LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): 427.1 [M+H]+.

A solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluoro-benzoic acid (100.0 g, 427 mmol) and N-chlorosuccinimide (66.0 g, 494 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1 L) was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. After completion, the system was poured into water (2.0 L), a large amount of solids were precipitated. Then the solids were collected after filtration. The solids were washed with hot water (1 L). Then the solids were dried under infrared lamp to afford 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluoro-benzoic acid (100 g, 373 mmol, 87.2% yield) as off-white solid. LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): 265.9 [M−H]+.

A solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluoro-benzoic acid (120.0 g, 447 mmol) in urea (806.0 g, 13.4 mol) was stirred at 200° C. for 1.5 hours. After completion, the reaction system was cooled to 80° C., and water (1.5 L) was added into the system with stirring for 20 mins. After filtration, the solids were collected and washed with hot water (1 L). Then the solids were dried under infrared lamp to afford 7-bromo-6-chloro-8-fluoroquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (120 g, 409 mmol, 91.5% yield) as a light brown solid. LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): 290.9 [M−H]+.

A mixture of tert-butyl (3S)-4-(7-bromo-2,6-dichloro-8-fluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (30.0 g, 61 mmol) and potassium fluoride (71.0 g, 1224 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (300 mL) was stirred at 120° C. for 18 hours. After completion, the reaction system was cooled to room temperature. Then ethyl acetate (1.5 L) was added into the system and the mixture was washed with water (3×500 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (20%) to afford tert-butyl (3S)-4-(7-bromo-6-chloro-2,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (23 g, 48 mmol, 79.3% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): 477.0 [M+H]+.

To a solution of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol (4.32 g, 37.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was added slowly sodium hydride (2.1 g, 87.5 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred for 1 h at 25° C. Then tert-butyl (3S)-4-(7-(6-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-2,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (12.2 g, 15 mmol) was added into the reaction system and stirred at 25° C. for 1 hours. After completion, the reaction system was quenched with methanol (50 mL). Then the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane/methanol (6/94) to afford tert-butyl (3S)-4-(7-(6-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (8.6 g, 9.5 mmol, 63.1% yield) as a brown solid. LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): 908.4 [M+H]+.

A solution of tert-butyl (3S)-4-(7-(6-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (8.6 g, 9.5 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (100 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 4 hours. After completion, the reaction system was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved with dichloromethane (50 mL) and the pH was adjusted to pH=9 with N,N-diisopropylethylamine. After concentrated under vacuum, the residue was purified by a reversed-phase chromatography directly with the following conditions: Column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, A: water, B: ACN, B % (5%-40% in 30 min); Detector, UV 254 nm to afford 6-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-4-((S)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-7-yl)-4-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (3.5 g, 6.17 mmol, 65.1% yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: (ESI, m/z): 568.2 [M+H]+.

To a solution of 6-(6-chloro-8-fluoro-4-((S)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-7-yl)-4-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (2.5 g, 4.4 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.9 g, 22.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (120 mL) was added acryloyl chloride (359.0 mg, 3.97 mmol) at −78° C. and stirred at −78° C. for 25 mins. The reaction was quenched by water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by a reversed-phase chromatography directly with the following conditions: Column, C18 silica gel; mobile phase, A: water, B: ACN, B % (5%-60% in 30 min); Detector, UV 254 nm to afford 1-[(3S)-4-[7-[6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-[[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]quinazolin-4-yl]-3-methyl-piperazin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one (1.3 g, 2.09 mmol, 47.5% yield) as a brown solid. The mixture of diasteroisomer was separated by Prep-Chiral-HPLC with the following condition: Column, CHIRALPAK IC-3 0.46*5 Cm 3 um; mobile phase, (Hex:dichloromethane=3:1) (0.1% DEA):EtOH=50:50; Detector, 254 nm; Flow, 1.0 ml/min; Temperature: 25° C. to afford 657.7 mg of 1-((S)-4-((R)-7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (K4) as a white solid and 352.1 mg of 1-((S)-4-((S)-7-(6-amino-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-8-fluoro-2-(((S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (K4-S) as a white solid.

Example

Example 78: Biological Examples for Combination of One or More TEAD Inhibitors and One or More KRAS Inhibitors

Example B-1: Drug Combination Assay

Cells were seeded in 96-well plates 16 h before treatment at a density of 1000 cells per well. Then, cells were treated with varying concentrations of compound(s) as indicated in FIGS. 1-48, either a single agent or in combination, for six days. The relative number of viable cells was estimated using CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega, G7573) as a proportion from 0, representing no cells inhibited, to 1.0 representing all cells inhibited. Total luminescence was detected on a Wallac Multilabel Reader (Perkin-Elmer).

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments and aspects of the disclosure described above, as variations of the particular embodiments and aspects may be made and still fall within the scope of the appended claims. All documents cited to or relied upon herein are expressly incorporated by reference.