Electronic desk-top calculator with indication function of stored data range

An improved electronic desk-top calculator provided with a warning function, whereby when data processed by an operator exceed a predetermined value, the operator can recognize it. The calculator comprises a plurality of memory means, a plurality of key means for accessing the memory means, a display means for indicating the accessed memory means, means for judging whether the content of the accessed memory is within a predetermined range and means responsive to the judging means for selectively modulating the display means.

The present invention relates to an electronic desk-top calculator 
(hereinafter referred to as "calculator"). 
Calculators are generally equipped with one or more storage apparatus 
(hereinafter referred to as "memories") for storing numerical data. 
Conventional calculators indicate a state of "Memory in Use" to an 
operator by using a memory loading lamp, or a memory symbol mark 
(hereinafter referred to as "memory mark") when numerical data other than 
"0" is stored in the memory. The calculators equipped with the memories 
are provided with keys (hereinafter called "memory keys") to call data 
from at least one memory and execute an arithmetic operation such as 
addition and subtraction based on the data. When the operator uses the 
memory keys and carries on the arithmetic operation, contents stored in 
the memories sometimes unexpectedly change to exceed a desired number. 
However, in the conventional calculator, the memory mark is simply 
displayed during the entire period through the use of the memory even if 
the memory contents exceed the desired number, without warning the 
operator. Therefore according to the conventional calculator when, for 
instance, a memory is storing a game score, no problem occurs as long as 
the score is a positive number. However, a problem results if the score is 
a negative number. 
An object of this invention is to provide a calculator which can 
effectively indicate the memory state to the operator when it reaches a 
predetermined condition by operating a memory key. 
A calculator according to the present invention comprises a plurality of 
memory elements, a display for indicating the memory elements used by the 
operator, a group of keys for controlling the memory, and a judging 
section for determining whether the contents of the memory exceed a 
predetermined value. When the stored values of the memory processed by the 
operator exceed the predetermined condition, the output of the judging 
section renders the display distinguishable from the state that the 
content is under the predetermined value. 
According to the invention, there is provided an electronic desk-top 
calculator comprising a plurality of memory elements for independently 
storing data, a plurality of keys for designating the memory. A first 
display is used for displaying data of the designated memory and a second 
display is used for displaying the designation of the memory. The system 
also detects if the content of the designated memory is outside a 
predetermined range, and an actuator responsive to the detecting circuit 
renders the second display means distinguishable from the state that the 
content of the designated memory is within the predetermined range. 
According to the present invention, there is also provided an electronic 
desk-top calculator comprising a plurality of memories and a plurality of 
keys for accessing the memories. A display including data display elements 
and a plurality of memory marks indicate the memory accessed by the keys. 
The content of the accessed memory is detected to determine if it exceeds 
a predetermined condition, and a circuit responsive to an output of the 
determination selectively modulates the display of memory mark relevant to 
the accessed memory. 
In a calculator according to the present invention, the operator can 
recognize the condition of the accessed or designated memory especially 
when it exceeds the predetermined condition.

An embodiment of the present invention will now be explained by referring 
to FIGS. 1 through 8. 
In this embodiment, three memories ME1.about.ME3 51.about.53 are employed, 
and when any of these memories become negative, the relevalent memory mark 
in the display flashes. 
In FIG. 1, an X register 1 stores numerical data, decimal data, and the 
polarity code of the numerical data which are displayed, key code, and 
data used for a condition decision. An output of the X register 1 is fed 
back to its input through a select circuit (MPB) 37 and is coupled to an 
input of a segment drive circuit (SD) 9 through a feed line 12. The output 
of the X register 1 is also coupled to an input of a judgment circuit (JD) 
7 through the line 12 and a gate 40. Z register 2 stores the positions of 
memory marks M1, M2 and M3 in the display. As shown in FIG. 2, the pattern 
example of the display apparatus consists of numerical data (i.e. -12345.) 
of the X register 1 and memory marks M1.about.M3 of the Z register 2. The 
memory marks M1, M2 and M3 are handled in the same manner as that for each 
segment for the numerical data in the first, second and third digits in 
response to digit signals D1, D2 and D3. X and Z registers are controlled 
by the same timing. Each digit of the X and Z registers consists of four 
bits respectively weighted 1-2-4- 8. The output of Z register 2 is coupled 
to the memory mark drive circuit (MD) 10 and select circuit (MPA) 5. 
As shown in FIG. 6, both of the X and Z registers consist of 10 digits, and 
X register 1 assigns six digits X1 to X6 for numerical data, while Z 
register 2 allocates three digits Z1 to Z3 to memory marks. A read-only 
memory (hereinafter referred to as "ROM") 3 stores operational 
instructions and controls each circuit based on signal information of 
outputs 15, 17, 20, 24 and 25 (output for each piece of instruction). 
Output 15 is coupled to the select circuit (MPA) 5 and the select circuit 
(MPB) 37. Outputs 17, 20, 24 and 25 are respectively coupled to an 
instruction decoder (ID) 6, a timing counter (TC) 8, an address counter 
(AC) 24 and a judgment circuit (JD) 7. 
The address counter 4 designates the address to which ROM 3 should proceed 
next (hereinafter referred to as "next address") based on the output 24 of 
ROM 3 and the output 21 of the judgment circuit (JD) 7. Though, the next 
address is produced basically from the output 24 of ROM 3, the output 21 
of the judgment circuit (JD) 7 affects the next address, and the next 
address is determined and fed to ROM 3 through an output line 23. A 
keyboard including a memory key is coupled to the address counter (AC) 4. 
The select circuit (MPA) 5 connects the output 14 of Z register 2 to 
output line 13 to perform a close loop for circulating Z register 2 when 
an output 16 of the instructions decoder (ID) 6 is disabled. When the 
output 16 is enabled, the select circuit (MPA) 5 connects the output 15 of 
ROM 3 to the output line 13. The select circuit (MPB) 37 is controlled by 
an output 38 of the instruction decoder (ID) 6 to couple one of the output 
15 of ROM 3, the output 12 of X register 1 and an output line 41 with an 
output line 39 coupled to the input of the X register. When the output 38 
is disabled, the output 12 of the X register is coupled with the output 
line 39 to circulate the X register. 
The instructions decoder (ID) 6 receives an output 17 from ROM 3 and 
controls output lines 16, 18, 26 and 27 based on the output 17 only during 
the period in which an output 19 of the timing counter (TC) 8 is enabled. 
An output line 16 from the instruction decoder (ID) 6 is coupled to a 
control input of the select circuit (MPA) 5. An output 27 from the 
instruction decoder (ID) 6 is enabled to activate a segment drive circuit 
(SD) 9, a memory mark drive circuit (MD) 10 and a digit signal drive 
circuit (DD) when the output 17 from ROM 3 is a display instruction. The 
segment drive circuit (SD) 9 produces numerical segment signals SS and the 
memory mark drive circuit (MP) 10 produces memory mark signals MS, while 
the digit signal drive circuit (DD) produces digit signals DS (which are 
detailed as D.sub.1 to D.sub.6 in the following). 
When an output 18 from the instruction decoder (ID) 6 is enabled, the gate 
40 is open to couple the output 12 of the X register with an input of the 
judgment circuit (JD) 7. When an output 26 from the instruction decoder 
(ID) 6, the judgment circuit (JD) 7 is activated to perform a comparison 
operation between an output 25 from ROM 3 and the output 12. The 
comparison operation is performed by subtracting numeral data produced at 
the output 25 from the numeral data at the output 12. The judgment circuit 
(JD) 7 produces an output 21 of "+1", "0" and "-1" respectively when the 
resultant comparison is positive, 0 and negative. Therefore, in response 
to the resultant comparison, the next address is selected among three 
possible addresses. While, when the output 26 from the instruction decoder 
(ID) 6 is disabled, the output 21 of the judgment circuit takes only "0". 
Therefore, the next address is determined only by the output 24 from ROM 
3. 
Memories (ME1.about.ME3) 51.about.53 consist of shift-registers storing 
numerical data and circulating through output lines 28.about.30 
respectively which are constructed as in the manner of X register 2. The 
output lines 28 to 30 are coupled to the input of the select circuit (MPB) 
37 through gate circuits 31 to 33 and an output line 41, respectively. The 
gates 31 to 33 are respectively controlled by output signals 34 to 36 from 
the instruction decoder (ID) 6. The enabled control signals 34 to 36 make 
the gates 31 to 33 open, respectively. A timing counter (TC) 8 generates 
timing signals for synchronizing operations of the whole circuit. An 
output 22 of the timing counter (TC) 8 is fed to the digit signal drive 
circuit (DD) 11, while an output 19 thereof is fed to the instruction 
decoder (ID) 6 to enable it in response to the output 20 from ROM 3. 
The segment drive circuit (SD) 9 drives the display apparatus by converting 
the numerical data with decimal data derived from the X register 1 into 
segment signals matching segment character forms of the display apparatus. 
The memory mark drive circuit (MD) 10 drives the display segments of the 
memory marks while the output of Z register 2 is "15". The digit signal 
drive circuit (DD) 11 supplies the digit signals D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and 
D6 to the display apparatus in response to the timing signals from the 
timing counter (TC) 8, which correspond to the digits D1 to D6 in FIG. 2. 
Each drive circuit actuates each output line when output 27 of the 
instructions decoder (ID) 6 is enabled. 
The calculator is utilized by operating keys. For distinguishing each key, 
depressions of key are converted into memory designation numeric data and 
are processed using numbers called key codes as shown in FIG. 4. The key 
codes are stored in a digit location called Xc of X register 1 as shown in 
FIG. 6. The polarity code of the numerical data of the X register 1 is 
stored in a digit location called Xs in the X register 1. When the 
polarity of the numerical data of X register 1 is negative, "Xs=8" is 
stored and "Xs=0" for when the polarity of the data is positive. The 
numerical data is stored in the digit locations X1 to X6. The decimal 
point data is stored in the digit location XD. The digit location XE is 
auxiliary used for controlling display operation. Digit locations Z1, Z2 
and Z3 in the Z register 2 are controlled synchronously with the digit 
locations X1 to X3. 
Assume that the addition keys "M+1" for the memory (ME1) 51 is operated and 
the resultant sum is a negative number. "8" will be stored in the digit 
location Xs in the X register 1. The resultant sum is stored in the memory 
(ME2) 52. After the addition, the output 20 from ROM 3 makes the timing 
counter (TC) 8 activate during the period corresponding to the digits X1, 
X2 . . . X6, XS and XD to produce timing signals. The timing signals are 
fed to the instruction decoder (ID) 6 via the output 19. The instruction 
decoder (ID) 6 enables the output 34 to open the gate 31, to thereby 
couple the output line 28 of the memory (ME1) 51 with the output line 41. 
Thus, the content of the memory (ME1) 51 is transferred to the X register 
via the gate 31 and the select circuit (MPB) 37 and stored in the digits 
X1 to X6, XS and XD. At this time, the judgment circuit (JD) 7 is disabled 
to produce the output 21 of "0" and hence the next address is designated 
by the output 24 from ROM 3. 
The following operation of the calculator will now be described with 
reference to FIG. 3. After the transferring of the memory (ME1) to the X 
register 1, the address wherein "0" is stored in the digits Z1, Z2 and Z3 
(0.fwdarw.Z1, 2, 3) in the Z register 2 as shown at step (a) is 
introduced. At step (a), the output 17 from ROM 3 designate the 
instruction decoder (ID) 6 the instruction (0.fwdarw.Z1, 2, 3), while the 
output 20 from ROM 3 makes the timing counter (TC) 8 activate during the 
period corresponding to the digits Z1 to Z3 and numeral "0" is produced 
from the output 15 and fed to the select circuit (MPA) 5. Thus, the output 
15 of "0" is introduced to the digits Z1 to Z3 in the Z register through 
the select circuit (MPA) 5. Other data stored in the digits other than Z1 
to Z3 remains unchanged. In this step, the output 21 of the judgment 
circuit (JD) 7 remains at "0" since the output 26 from ROM is not enabled. 
Then the output 24 designates the address storing the step (b) wherein 
numeral "7" is subtracted from the digit Xc which stores numeral "8" in 
response to the depression of the key M+1 as shown in FIG. 4. In this 
address, the outputs 20 of ROM 3 actuates the output 19 of the timing 
counter (TC) 8 only during the timing of Xc and the output 17 actuates the 
output 18 of the instructions decoder (ID) 6 only during the timing of Xc 
to open the gate 40. The output 25 has provided numeral "7" which is a 
subtract number with the judgment circuit. The output 15 has "0" which 
means that no output has been made so that the select circuits (MPA, MPB) 
5 and 37 are not enabled. Accordingly, the judgment circuit executes the 
subtraction of (Xc-7) at the Xc timing. In this subtraction, the content 
of the digit Xc remains unchanged. A resultant difference "1" is produced 
from the output 21 and is added to the output 24 to designate the next 
address of the address counter (AC) 4, in which the next address numeral 
"9" is subtracted from the digit Xc as shown at step (c). In the step (c), 
the output 26 of the instruction decoder (ID) 6 enables the judgment 
circuit (JD) 7 during the timing of Xc. While "8" is transferred to the 
judgment circuit from the X register 1 through the gate 40 and "9" is 
produced from the output 25 of ROM 3 at the Xc timing. Thus the judgment 
circuit (JD) 7 performs the subtraction (8- 9) to produce a resultant 
difference "-1" of a negative number at the output 21. Therefore, this 
negative-number of output 21 designates and the output 24 of ROM 3 
designates the instruction (15.fwdarw. Z1) shown as step (f) in FIG. 3, 
wherein numeral "15" is stored in the digit Z1. 
In step (f), the timing counter TC8 actuates the output 19 during the 
timing corresponding to the digit Z1 in response to the output 20 of ROM 
3, while numeral "15" to be stored in Z1 is produced at the output 15. The 
instruction decoder (ID) 6 enables the output 16 in response to the output 
17 of ROM and the output 19 during the timing of Z1, to store "15" in the 
Z1 digit of the Z register by the select circuit (MPA) 5. Digits other 
than Z1 of the Z register remain unchanged. Then, the display routine 
shown at step (g) is designated by the output 24 of ROM. In the step (g), 
numerical data with decimal point and polarity to be displayed is prepared 
based on the contents of the digits Xs, Xc and X1 to X6. Then, the 
instruction decoder (ID) 6 enables the output 27 to activate the segment 
drive circuit (SD) 9, the memory mark drive circuit (MD) 10 and the digit 
signal drive circuit (DD) 11 which receive the timing signals from the 
timing counter (TC) 8, to display the prepared data. 
An example of the display is shown in FIG. 5(a), wherein the data is 
"-12345.". The display of FIG. 5(a) shows that the numerical data is a 
negative number, and a mark "M1" is lit for showing the use of the memory 
(ME1) 51. While marks "M2" and "M3" are not lit in response to the digit 
Z2 and Z3 of "0". The step (g) is retained during the predetermined period 
e.g. 1 second. After the termination of the predetermined period, the 
address counter is advanced to the address where "8" is subtracted from 
the content of the digit Xs as shown at step (h) by the output 24 of ROM 
3. In the step (h), the output 20 of ROM 3 enables the output 19 of the 
timing counter (TC) 8 only during the digit timing corresponding to the 
digit Xs and the output 25 produces a signal representing numeral "8" and 
provides it with the judgment circuit (JD) 7. 
The output 26 of the instruction decoder (ID) 7 based on the output 17 
makes the judgment circuit (JD) 7 subtract "8" from the digit Xs. A 
resultant difference "0" is obtained at the output 21 and hence the 
output 24 of ROM 3 and the output 21 advance the address counter (AC) 4 to 
the address where "7" is subtracted from the digit Xc as shown at step 
(k). Step (k) is similarly performed as in step (b). The resultant 
difference is a positive number ("1") and hence the output 21 of the 
judgment circuit (JD) 7 and the output 24 of ROM 3 control the address 
counter to designate the address where "5" is subtracted from the digit XE 
in the X register shown at step (i). Step (i) is similarly performed by 
changing the digit timing corresponding to the digit Xs used in the step 
(h) to the digit timing corresponding to the digit XE and by changing 
numeral "8" to "5" at the output 25. 
While the content of the digit XE is initially always "0" and hence the 
judgment circuit subtracts "5" from "0" (0-5) to obtain a resultant 
difference of "-5". Therefore the judgment circuit (JD) 7 produces "-1" at 
the output 21. Then the address counter (AC) 4 is designated by the 
outputs 21 and 24 to the address where "8" is stored in the digit XE as 
shown at step (l). In step (l), the output 20 of ROM controls the timing 
counter (TC) 8 to enable the output 19 thereof during the digit timing 
corresponding to the digit XE and "8" is produced from the output 25 and 
transferred to the select circuit (MPB) 37. The output 38 of the 
instruction decoder is enabled to couple the output 15 of ROM with the 
output line 39 at the digit timing of XE. Accordingly, "8" produced at the 
output 15 is stored in the digit XE through the select circuit (MPB) 37. 
The digits of the X register other than the digit XE remain unchanged. In 
this instance, the output 26 is not enabled and hence the judgment circuit 
(JD) 7 produces a signal of "0" at the output 21. 
The next address determined by the output 24 is the address where "0" is 
stored in the digits Z1 to 3 as shown at step (m). Step (m) (0-Z1.2.3.) is 
similarly performed as in the manner of step (a). Then, the outputs 24 and 
21 introduce the display routine (g). In this rountine (g), the contents 
of digits Z1, Z2 and Z3 are "0" and hence the memory mark drive circuit 
(MD) 10 is disabled. Therefore, the memory mark "M1" is not displayed as 
shown in FIG. 5(b). After the predetermined period (e.g. one second), 
steps (h) and (k) are successively re-introduced. Then, the step (i) is 
re-introduced. At step (i), the content of the digit XE has been made "8" 
at the preceeding step and the judgment circuit (JD) 7 produces a 
resultant positive difference "3" at the output 21 thereof. Therefore, the 
outputs 21 and 24 introduce the address where "0" is stored in the digit 
XE as shown at step (j). Step (j) is similarly performed by change the 
numeral "8" at the output 25 used in the step (l), to "0". Then, step (C) 
(Xc-9) is re-introduced. At step (C), the content of the digit Xc is "8" 
and hence step (f) is introduced. Then, at the display routine (g), the 
content of the digit Z1 is "15" and hence the memory mark "M1" is 
displayed as shown in FIG. 5(c) during the predetermined period. 
Thus, by repeating the foregoing operations, the memory mark M1 
corresponding to the memory ME1 is periodically displayed i.e. flashed 
with the intervals of operating times required for the display routine 
(g). By adjusting the operating time of the display routine (g), the 
flashing period of the memory mark can be set freely. The same operations 
for controlling the memory mark M2 and M3 can apply to the memories ME2 
and ME3, and all the conditions for them are the same except that step (e) 
for ME2 and step (d) for ME3. Therefore, the memory marks M2 and M3 can be 
flashed in a period set by the display routine (g). 
By setting key codes other than those for the memory key group below 6, the 
display routine (g) is directly accessed after step (a) when the keys 
other than the memory keys are depressed. And the routine (g) is 
continuously circulated through the steps (h) and (k). At this time, the Z 
register 2 shows only "0", and each memory mark will remain unlit. 
As stated, the present invention permits the user to recognize a change in 
the content of the memory promptly by flashing each memory mark for 
example when a positive number turns into a negative number after the 
operations of the memory key group. Now, with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, 
a preferred embodiment of the judgment circuit (JD) 7 employed in the 
invention will be described. 
In FIG. 1, the output 25 of ROM 3 in FIG. 1 consists of four output lines 
25-1, 25-2, 25-3, and 25-4 respectively weighted by 1-2-4-8 which are 
coupled to first inputs of AND gates 56, 55, 54 and 53 respectively. 
Second inputs of an AND gates 56 to 53 are respectively supplied with bit 
timing signals t1 to t4 as shown in FIG. 8. Outputs of AND gates 56 to 53 
are delivered to inputs of OR gate 52. An output of OR gate 52 is coupled 
to a first input of an exclusive OR gate 42 and to an input of an OR gate 
47. A second input of the exclusive OR gate 42 receives the output from 
the gate 40 in FIG. 1. A second input of the exclusive OR gate 43 receives 
the output 26 from the instruction decoder (ID) 6 in FIG. 2. Outputs of 
the exclusive OR gate 43 and the OR gate 47 are coupled with inputs of an 
AND gate 45. Outputs of an AND gates 45 and 46 are respectively inputted 
to two inputs of an OR gate 48. An output of an OR gate 48 is delivered to 
an input of a flip-flop 49 shifted by a clock signal .phi.1 and to an 
input of a flip-flop 50 shifted by a timing t4 .phi.1. 
An output of the flip-flop 49 is fed to a first input of an exclusive OR 
gate 44 and to inputs of the OR gate 47 and the AND gate 46. A second 
input of the exclusive OR gate 44 receives an output of the exclusive OR 
gate 42. An output of the exclusive OR gate 44 is fed to an input of a 
3-bit shift-register 51 shifted by the clock signal .phi.1 and to an input 
of an OR gate 59. Each stage of outputs of the shift-register 51 is fed to 
other inputs of the OR gate 59. An output of the flip-flop 50 is fed to an 
input of an AND gate 57 receiving the output 26 at its another input. An 
output of the OR gate 59 is fed to an input of a flip-flop 60 shifted by 
the timing t4 .phi.1. An output of the flip-flop 60 is fed to an input of 
an AND gate 58 receiving the output 26 at its another input. Outputs 21-1 
and 21-2 of the AND gates 57 and 58 are fed to the address counter (AC) 4 
as its output 21 in FIG. 2. 
One example of operation of the judgment circuit of FIG. 7 will be 
described with reference to FIG. 8 where the step (b) in FIG. 3 is 
performed. In response to the depression of the key M+1, "7" is produced 
at the output 25 and the AND gates 56, 55, 54 and 53 are succeedingly 
opened respectively by the timing signals t1, t2, t3 and t4 so that the 
output of the OR gate 52 succeedingly produces "1, 1, 1, 0" respectively 
in response to the timing signals t1, t2, t3 and t4. The gate is open to 
provide the data "8" of the digit Xc with the inputs of the exclusive OR 
gates 42 and 43. The data "8" is represented as "0, 0, 0, 1" respectively 
at the timing signals t1, t2, t3 and t4. The flip-flop 49 stores "0". The 
output 26 is enabled to be "1" and hence the outputs 21-1 and 21-2 are 
dependent on the outputs of the flip-flops 50 and 60 respectively. At 
timing t1, the output 40 is "0" and the output of the OR gate is "1" and 
hence the outputs of the exclusive OR gates 42, 43 and 44, the output of 
the OR gate 47, the output of the AND gate 46 and the output of the OR 
gate 48 are respectively 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 and 1. Accordingly, in response to 
the clock signal .phi. at the timing t, "1" is written into the flip-flop 
49 and the first stage of the shift-register 51. At timing t2, the outputs 
of the gate 40, the gate 52 and the flip-flop 49 are respectively 0, 1, 1 
and hence the outputs of the gate 42, the gate 43, the gate 47, the gate 
46, the gate 45, the gate 48 and the gate 44 become 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 and 0 
respectively. Therefore in response to the clock signal .phi.1 at the 
timing t2, the second stage and first stage of the shift-register 51 and 
the flip-flop 49 respectively store 1, 0 and 1. 
At the timing t3, the outputs of the gate 40, the gate 52 and the flip-flop 
49 respectively become 0, 1 and 1. Therefore, in response to the clock 
signal .phi. at the timing t3 third, second and first stages of the 
shift-register 51 store respectively 1, 0 and 0, and the flip-flop 49 
stores 1. At the timing t4, the outputs of the gate 40, the gate 52 and 
the flip-flop 49 are respectively 1, 0 and 1 and hence the outputs of the 
gate 42, the gate 43, the gate 47, the gate 46, the gate 45, the gate 48, 
the gate 44 and the gate 59 become respectively 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 and 1. 
The flip-flops 50 and 60 store 0 and 1 respectively in response to the 
clock signal .phi. at the timing t4. Therefore, 0 and 1 are produced 
respectively at the outputs 21-1 and 21-2 in response to a clock signal 
.phi.2 at the following timing t1 and mean "+2". 
In the foregoing implementation example, the flashing of the symbol marks 
was performed by alternately rewriting the control codes of the registers. 
However, this can be substituted by periodically gating the display 
signals for flashing by output signals of an oscillating means. 
A calculator equipped with a bank account management function that can be 
realized by the present invention will be explained with reference to 
FIGS. 9 and 10. 
FIG. 9 shows the keyboard configuration of the calculator having the bank 
account management function. Key group 81 is a group of numerical keys, 
whereas key group 82 is a group of function keys. Still another key group 
83 is a group for bank account management keys. Another key group 84 is a 
group of keys for clear control. Key 85 is a power supply switch. The 
functioning of key group 83 for bank management will be explained. In this 
calculator, three accumulator memories M1.about.M3 (not shown in the 
diagram) are provided by corresponding them respectively to bank accounts. 
The deposit keys DEP1--DEP3 have the function of depositing in the bank 
accounts, that is, of memory-adding in the bank accounts, operational 
results or other displayed contents inputted by the number keys. The 
results of each transaction are displayed. As an example, when the deposit 
key DEP2 is pressed while some data is displayed, the displayed contents 
are added to the contents of the memory M2, and the result of the addition 
is displayed. At this time, a display symbol 62 showing that the memory M2 
is being used is continuously displayed in the display section shown in 
FIG. 8. Similarly when the deposit key DEP1 or DEP3 is depressed and 
memory M1 or M3 is used, the symbol 61 or 63 is displayed. 
Withdrawal keys WD1, WD2 and WD3 handle displayed contents given by input 
or operation as withdrawals from the relevant account. When the withdrawal 
key WD2 is depressed, the displayed content at such a time is subtracted 
from the memory M1 corresponding to the particular bank account. The 
result of this operation is displayed, and the memory symbol mark 61 in 
the display section shown in FIG. 8 is displayed continuously. Similarly, 
the withdrawal keys WD2 and WD3 subtract the displayed contents from 
memories M2 and M3 corresponding to the bank accounts Nos. 2 and 3, 
respectively. The subtracted result is displayed on the display section, 
at the same time displaying the memory symbol mark 62 or 63. 
The balance keys BAL1, BAL2 and BAL3 show the contents per se of the three 
bank accounts, that is, balances. By depressing the balance key BAL1, the 
content of the memory M1 corresponding to its bank account No. 1 is 
recalled and is displayed, at the same time displaying the memory symbol 
61. The grand total key GT displays the whole total of the bank account 
balances. By depressing the grand total key GT, the total of all the 
balances of the memories M1.about.M3 corresponding to the bank account 
Nos. 1.about.3 is displayed, at the same time displaying all the memory 
symbols 61.about.63. The contents of the memories do not change at this 
time. 
The present invention is applied to the memories M1.about.M3 so that the 
operator may recognize the condition of the memory, especially whether the 
contents are positive or negative. The decision is made whether the 
displayed contents are positive or negative after either a deposit key, 
withdrawal key, balance key, or grand total key, is pressed. Unless the 
decision result is negative, the symbol is continuously displayed. In case 
the judgment result at this time is negative, the symbol is flashed, to 
positively indicate to the operator that the account in question is 
negative. The configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be utilized 
directly to structure such control. It is desirable to use nonvolatile 
devices for memories M1.about.M3, or a backup power source, for holding 
information even if the power supply is cut off, for a calculator with 
such an account management function.