The invention relates to a novel class of 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3]pyrimidine derivatives as a FAK and/or Pyk2 inhibitor, to a process for their preparation, and to a composition thereof, as well as to use of the compounds for the inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2 and method for the treatment of a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder or disease.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a novel class of 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3]pyrimidine derivatives that inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinases (FAK/Pyk2), to a process for their preparation, and to a composition thereof, as well as to use of the compounds for the inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2 and method for the treatment of a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder or disease, for example, a proliferative disorder or disease.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which transduces signaling from a group of stimuli (e.g., integrins, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) to control a variety of cellular pathways and processes, including cell proliferation, migration, morphology, and cell survival. FAK is activated by FAC (focal adhesion complex)-associated growth factors and integrins. The binding to integrins of EMC (extracellular matrix) leads to the activation of FAK. The activation of FAK can be further enhanced by co-stimulation of the growth factors by ECM associated growth factors, such as bFGF, EGF or PDGF. Focal adhesion complex assembly and disassembly are essential for cell attachment and movement. FAK doesn't phosphorylate other proteins. However, activated FAK autophosphorylates and binds Src kinase which in turn phosphorylate other sites of FAK and other FAK binding proteins such as Cas and paxillin. Phosphorylated FAK provides the docking site for mediators of multiple signaling events and consequently involves in the regulation of cell growth and survival through activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Grb2/SOS/RAS/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways. Overexpression of FAK has been associated with malignancy in a variety of cancers. Inhibition of FAK has been shown the inhibition of tumor growth in different cancer cells (Beviglia et al 2003, BioChem J. 373: 201-210, Smith et al 2005, Melanoma Res. 15:357-362, Haider et al 2005, Clin. Cancer Res. 11: 8829-8836, van Nimwegen et al 2005, Cancer Res. 65:4698-4706, Mitra et al 2006, Oncogene 25: 4429-4440). However, inhibition of FAK in normal human fibrolasts or immortalized mammary cells didn't cause loss of attachment or apoptosis (Xu et al 1996 Cell Growth and Diff. 7: 413-418). Furthermore, loss of FAK activity (reconstitution of FAK−/−cells with kinase-dead FAK) reduced growth of v-Src tumors in mice and decreased angiogenesis. Therefore, Inhibition of FAK is a potential therapy for the treatment of hyper-proliferative diseases such as cancers.

Pyk2 is the only member of the FAK family with 48% amino acid identity. Although the role of Pyk2 in tumorigenesis is not well-established yet, there is some evidence that Pyk2 plays a compensatory role FAK knockout mouse model. Therefor, dual inhibition of FAK and Pyk2 may considerably augment the anti-angiogenic effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a series of novel 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3]pyrimidine derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, which possess FAK and/or Pyk2 inhibitory activity and are useful for a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder or disease such as antiproliferation and/or antiproapoptotic and/or antiinvasive and/or anti-cell motility and/or antiangiogenisis and can be used in methods of treatment of a disorder in mammal, preferably in human, or in animal body, for example in inhibiting tumor growth and metastatasis in cancers. The invention also relates to the process for the manufacture of said 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3]pyrimidine compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, to a pharmaceutical composition containing the said compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments with antiproliferation and/or antiproapoptotic and/or antiinvasive and/or anti-cell motility and/or antiangiogenic activity.

The present invention also discloses the methods of using 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3]pyrimidine compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, in treatment of FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorders or diseases such as cancers.

In an aspect, the present invention provides a compound represented by formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, and optionally substituted alkoxy; or R1and R2, together with the carbon atom to which they link, form an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclyl;R3and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —COR7, —SO2R8, —SOR9;R5and R6are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —COR10, —SO2R11, and —SOR12;R7, R8, R9, R10, R11and R12are independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;Rxand Ryare independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl and optionally substituted alkoxy; andR″ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, and optionally substituted alkoxy.

The compound of invention can also be represented by following formula Ia:

wherein, the definitions of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Rx, Ryand R″ are the same as above in formula I. Whatever the formula is formula I or Ia, the compounds represented by these two formulas include all possible stereoisomers, regioisomers, diastereomers, enantiomers or epimers and mixtures thereof as described hereinafter in the invention.

In another embodiment, in formula (I) or (Ia), R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy; or R1and R2, together with the carbon atom to which they link, form an optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclyl;R3and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl-C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —COR7, —SO2R8, —SOR9;R5and R6are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, —COR10, —SO2R11, and —SOR12;R7, R8, R9, R10, R11and R12are independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;Rxand Ryare independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl and optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy; andR″ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy.

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of Formula I or Ia or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl or C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy; or R1and R2, together with the carbon atom to which they link, form an optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl or C3-C6cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of Formula I or Ia or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R5and R6are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl, optionally substituted 5-15 membered heterocyclyl with 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of Formula I or Ia or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R5and R6are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl; more preferably, R5and R6are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 5-7 membered aryl, substituted 5-7 membered aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl and substituted 5-7 membered heteroaryl with one or more N, O or S as the heteroatoms; and the substituted 5-7 membered aryl or heteroaryl is substituted with at least one of the groups selected from unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, and C1-C6alkoxy.

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of Formula I or Formula Ia or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R3and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C3-C8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl-C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted 5-15 membered heterocyclyl with 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R3and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, substituted aryl, C1-C6alkylaryl, substituted C1-C6alkylaryl, heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl; more preferably, R3and R4are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 5-7 membered aryl, substituted 5-7 membered aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6alkylphenyl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl and substituted 5-7 membered heteroaryl with one or more N, O or S as the heteroatoms; and the substituted 5-7 membered aryl or heteroaryl is substituted with at least one of the groups selected from halogen, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloamino, heterocycloamino, arylamino, heteroarylamino, —NR23C(O)R24, —NR23SO2R25, —CONR23R26, and —SO2NR23R26; in which R23and R26are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6alkyl and C3-C6cycloalkyl; or R23and R26together form an unsubstituted or substituted 5-7 membered heterocycle with the nitrogen atom attached thereto; R24and R25are independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl; more preferably, the R24and R25are independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, 5-7 membered aryl, substituted 5-7 membered aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl and substituted 5-7 membered heteroaryl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof.

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of Formula I or Formula Ia or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein Rxand Ryare both hydrogen.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a subclass of the compound of formula (I) represented by the following formula (II) or (IIa):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C1-C6alkoxy; or R1and R2together with carbon atom attached thereto form C3-C4cycloalkyl or substituted C3-C4cycloalkyl;R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21and R22are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted monoalkylamino, optionally substituted dialkylamino, optionally substituted cycloamino, optionally substituted heterocycloamino, optionally substituted arylamino, optionally substituted heteroarylamino, —C(O)—R24, —NR23C(O)R24, —NR23SO2R25, —NR23SOR25, —CONR23R26, —SO2NR23R26, —SONR23R26and —P(═O)—R25; or the group pair of R13R14, R14R15, R15R16, R16R17, R18R19, R19R20, R20R21and R21R22independently form an unsubstituted or substituted 5-8 membered cycle (including aryl or heteroaryl) or heterocycle together with the carbon atoms of phenyl group attached thereto; wherein, R23and R26are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl and aryl (for example C6-10aryl), or R23and R26together form an unsubstituted or substituted 5-7 membered heterocycle with the nitrogen atom attached thereto, or one of R23and R26together with nitrogen attached thereto form a heterocycle (for example, 5-8 membered heterocyclyl); R24and R25are independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. Whatever the formula is formula (II) or (IIa), the compounds represented by these two formulas include all possible stereoisomers, regioisomers, diastereomers, enantiomers or epimers and mixtures thereof as described hereinafter in the invention.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a subclass of the compound of formula (I) represented by the following formula (III) or Formula (IIIa):

Whatever the formula is formula (III) or (IIIa), the compounds represented by these two formulas include all possible stereoisomers, regioisomers, diastereomers, enantiomers or epimers and mixtures thereof as described hereinafter in the invention.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a subclass of the compound of formula (I) represented by formula (III) or (IIIa), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:

In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of formulas (II), (IIa), (III) and (IIIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R13, R14, R15, R16and R17are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —NR23C(O)R24, —NR23SO2R25, —CONR23R26, and —SO2NR23R26. The definitions of R23-R26are the same as above. In another embodiment, the invention provides some preferable compounds of formula (II), (IIa), (III) and (IIIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein R18, R19, R20, R21and R22are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocycle with one or more N, O and S as the heteroatoms; or the group pair of R18R19, R19R20, R20R21and R21R22independently form an optionally substituted 5-15 (or 5-10, 5-8) membered cycle (including aryl or heteroaryl) or heterocycle together with the carbon atoms of phenyl group attached thereto, in which the optionally substituted cycle or heterocycle is substituted with oxo, optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl or 5-7 membered heterocycloC1-C6alkyl.

In another aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula (I), selected from the following compounds:

In another aspect, the invention provides the compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, for use as a medicament. Preferably, the medicament has an antiproliferative and/or proapoptotic activity.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluents, excipient and/or adjuvant, such as preservatives, agents for delaying absorption, fillers, binders, adsorbents, buffers, disintegrating agents, solubilizing agents, other carriers, and other inert ingredients. Methods of formulating the composition are well-known in the art.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2, comprising contacting the compound of the invention to FAK and/or Pyk2.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of the treatment or prophylaxis of a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder or disease, comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or composition of the invention. Preferably, the disorder or disease is a cancer, infection, inflammatory or autoimmune disease. More preferably, the disorder or disease is a cancer. In some embodiments, the individual is a mammal, more preferably is a human.

In another aspect, the invention provides use of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, poly-morph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder or disease. More preferably, the disorder or disease is a proliferative disorder. In an embodiment, the proliferative disorder is a cancer. In another embodiment, the proliferative disorder is an inflammatory disease.

In another aspect, the invention, relates to pharmaceutical preparations comprising a compound of general formula (I) and at least one further cytostatic or cytotoxic active substance, different from formula (I), optionally in the form of tautomers, the racemates, the enantiomers, the diastereomers and the mixtures thereof, and optionally the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in a form suitable for oral administration. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustained release formulation, solution and suspension, for parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosages. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.002 to about 6 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.005 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is for administration to a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the mammal is human. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutical carrier, excipient and/or adjuvant. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one therapeutic agent. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. In further or additional embodiments, the anti-neoplastic agent is selected from the group of consisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins; antineopiastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is taxol, bortezomib or both. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the additional therapy is radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2. The method comprises contacting said FAK and/or Pyk2 with an amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, sufficient to inhibit said kinase, wherein said kinase is inhibited. In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to a method for selectively inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting FAK and/or Pyk2.

In further or additional embodiments, the kinase is at least about 1% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 2% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 3% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 4% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 5% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 10% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 20% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 25% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 30% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 40% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 50% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 60% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 70% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 75% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 80% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is at least about 90% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the kinase is essentially completely inhibited. In further or additional embodiments the contacting occurs within a cell. In further or additional embodiments the cell is a mammalian cell. In further or additional embodiments the mammalian cell is a human cell. In further or additional embodiments, FAK and/or Pyk2 is inhibited with a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I. In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method of treatment of a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder in an individual suffering from said disorder comprising administering to said individual an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof. In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating a FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder.

In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered orally, intraduodenally, parenterally (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or by infusion), topically or rectally. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in a form suitable for oral administration. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustained release formulations, solution and suspension, for parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosages. In further or additional embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutical carrier, excipient and/or adjuvant. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the individual suffering from the FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder is a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the individual is a human. In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the additional therapy is radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both. In further or additional embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with at least one therapeutic agent. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. In further or additional embodiments, the anti-neoplastic agent is selected from the group of consisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins; antineoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from taxol, bortezomib or both. In some embodiments, the FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune disorders, stroke, ischemia, cardiac disorder, neurological disorders, fibrogenic disorders, proliferative disorders, hyperproliferative disorders, non-cancer hyperproliferative disorders, tumors, leukemias, neoplasms, cancers, carcinomas, metabolic diseases, malignant disease, vascular restenosis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, heart failure, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, dry eye, closed angle glaucoma and wide angle glaucoma. In further or additional embodiments, the FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder is an inflammatory disease. In further or additional embodiments, the FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder is a proliferative disease. In further or additional embodiments, the FAK and/or Pyk2 mediated disorder is selected from the group consisting of tumors, leukemias, neoplasms, cancers, carcinomas and malignant disease. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer or leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the fibrogenetic disorder is scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis or pulmonary fibrosis. In further or additional embodiments, an effective amount of a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is administered.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for degrading, inhibiting the growth of or killing a cancer cell comprising contacting said cell with an amount of a composition effective to degrade, inhibit the growth of or to kill said cell, the composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for degrading and/or inhibiting the growth of or killing a cancer cell.

In some embodiments, the cancer cells comprise brain, breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, renal, or colorectal cancer cells. In further or additional embodiments, the composition is administered with at least one therapeutic agent. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is taxol, bortezomib or both. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. In further or additional embodiments, the anti-neoplastic agents selected from the group of consisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins; antineoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors. In some embodiments, the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 1% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 2% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 3% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 4% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 5% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 10% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 20% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 25% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 30% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 40% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 50% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 60% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 70% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 75% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 80% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 90% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, 100% of the cancer cells are degraded. In further or additional embodiments, essentially all of the cancer cells are degraded. In some embodiments, the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 1% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 2% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 3% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 4% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 5% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 10% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 20% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 25% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 30% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 40% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 50% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 60% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 70% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 75% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 80% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 90% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, 100% of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, essentially all of the cancer cells are killed. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 1% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 2% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 3% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 4% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 5% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 10% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 20% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 25% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 30% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 40% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 50% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 60% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 70% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 75% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 80% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 90% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, the growth of the cancer cells is about 100% inhibited. In further or additional embodiments, a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is used.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a proliferative disease in an individual comprising administering to said individual an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or pro-drug thereof.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a proliferative disease.

In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is cancer, psoriasis, restenosis, autoimmune disease, or atherosclerosis. In further or additional embodiments, the proliferative disease is a hyperproliferative disease. In further or additional embodiments, the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of tumors, leukemias, neoplasms, cancers, carcinomas and malignant disease. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer or leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the fibrogenetic disorder is scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis or pulmonary fibrosis. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer or leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer or adrenocortical carcinoma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is ovarian cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is renal cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is colorectal cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is myeloid leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is glioblastoma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is follicular lymphoma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is pre-B acute leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is chronic lymphocytic B-leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is mesothelioma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is small cell line cancer. In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the additional therapy is radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both. In further or additional embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with at least one therapeutic agent. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. In further or additional embodiments, the anti-neoplastic agent is selected from the group of consisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins; antineoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from taxol, bortezomib or both. In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally, intraduodenally, parenterally (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or by infusion), topically or rectally. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the individual suffering from the proliferative disease is a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the individual is a human. In further or additional embodiments, an effective amount of a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is administered.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of an inflammatory disease in an individual comprising administering to said individual an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of an inflammatory disease.

In further or additional embodiments, the inflammatory disease is selected from chronic inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, gouty arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile arthritis, acute rheumatic arthritis, enteropathic arthritis, neuropathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, pyogenic arthritis, atherosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, reflux esophagitis, Crohn's disease, gastritis, asthma, allergies, respiratory distress syndrome, pancreatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, psoriasis, eczema or scleroderma. In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with at least one therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally, intraduodenally, parenterally (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or by infusion), topically or rectally. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the individual suffering from the inflammatory disease is a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the individual is a human. In further or additional embodiments, an effective amount of a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is administered.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of cancer in an individual comprising administering to said individual an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a cancer.

In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer or leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the fibrogenetic disorder is scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis or pulmonary fibrosis. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer or leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer or adrenocortical carcinoma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is ovarian cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is prostate cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is renal cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is colorectal cancer. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is myeloid leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is glioblastoma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is follicular lymphoma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is pre-B acute leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is chronic lymphocytic B-leukemia. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is mesothelioma. In further or additional embodiments, the cancer is small cell line cancer. In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the additional therapy is radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both. In further or additional embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with at least one therapeutic agent. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. In further or additional embodiments, the anti-neoplastic agent is selected from the group of consisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins; antineoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from taxol, bortezomib or both. In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally, intraduodenally, parenterally (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or by infusion), topically or rectally. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the individual suffering from cancer is a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the individual is a human. In further or additional embodiments, an effective amount of a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is administered.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method of reducing the size of a tumor, inhibiting tumor size increase, reducing tumor proliferation or preventing tumor proliferation in an individual, comprising administering to said individual an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for reducing the size of a tumor, inhibiting tumor size increase, reducing tumor proliferation or preventing tumor proliferation.

In some embodiments, tumor proliferation is reduced by at least 90%. In some embodiments, tumor proliferation is reduced by at least 95%. In some embodiments, tumor proliferation is prevented. In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the additional therapy is radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both. In further or additional embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with at least one therapeutic agent. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. In further or additional embodiments, the anti-neoplastic agent is selected from the group of consisting of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins; antineoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors. In further or additional embodiments, the therapeutic agent is selected from taxol, bortezomib or both. In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally, intraduodenally, parenterally (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or by infusion), topically or rectally. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the individual suffering from cancer is a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the individual is a human. In further or additional embodiments, an effective amount of a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is administered.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for achieving an effect in a patient comprising the administration of an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof, to a patient, wherein the effect is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of various cancers, immunological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. In some embodiments, the effect is inhibition of various cancers. In further or additional embodiments, the effect is inhibition of immunological diseases. In further or additional embodiments, the effect is inhibition inflammatory diseases.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the inhibiting various cancers, immunological diseases, and/or inflammatory diseases.

In some embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with an additional therapy. In further or additional embodiments, the additional therapy is radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of both. In further or additional embodiments, the composition comprising a compound of formula I is administered in combination with at least one therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the composition is administered orally, intraduodenally, parenterally (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or by infusion), topically or rectally. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.001 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50 mg/kg body weight/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.001 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.01 to about 7 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.02 to about 5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.05 to about 2.5 g/day. In further or additional embodiments the amount of compound of formula I is about 0.1 to about 1 g/day. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate. In further or additional embodiments, dosage levels above the upper limit of the aforesaid range may be required. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in a single dose, once daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered in multiple doses, more than once per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered twice daily. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered three times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered four times per day. In further or additional embodiments the compound of formula I is administered more than four times per day. In some embodiments, the individual suffering from cancer is a mammal. In further or additional embodiments, the individual is a human. In further or additional embodiments, an effective amount of a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I is administered.

In other aspects, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer or prodrug thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. Those ordinary skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations, changes, and substitutions are possible without departing from the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of aspects of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described. All documents, or portions of documents, cited in the application including, without limitation, patents, patent applications, articles, books, manuals, and treatises are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety for any purpose.

Certain Chemical Terminology

It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of any subject matter claimed. In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that use of “or” means “and/or” unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “include”, “includes”, and “included” is not limiting. Likewise, use of the term “comprising” as well as other forms, such as “comprise”, “comprises”, and “comprised” is not limiting.

Definition of standard chemistry terms may be found in reference works, including Carey and Sundberg “ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4THED.” Vols. A (2000) and B (2001), Plenum Press, New York. Unless otherwise indicated, conventional methods of mass spectroscopy, NMR, HPLC, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and pharmacology, within the skill of the art are employed. Unless specific definitions are provided, the nomenclature employed in connection with, and the laboratory procedures and techniques of, analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein are those known in the art. Standard techniques can be used for chemical syntheses, chemical analyses, pharmaceutical preparation, formulation, and delivery, and treatment of patients. Reactions and purification techniques can be performed e.g., using kits of manufacturer's specifications or as commonly accomplished in the art or as described herein. The foregoing techniques and procedures can be generally performed of conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout the present specification. Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof can be chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds.

Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formulas, written from left to right, they equally encompass the chemically identical substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left. As a non-limiting example, CH2O is equivalent to OCH2.

Unless otherwise noted, the use of general chemical terms, such as though not limited to “alkyl,” “amine,” “aryl,” are equivalent to their optionally substituted forms. For example, “alkyl,” as used herein, includes optionally substituted alkyl.

The compounds presented herein may possess one or more stereocenters and each center may exist in the R or S configuration, or combinations thereof. Likewise, the compounds presented herein may possess one or more double bonds and each may exist in the E (trans) or Z (cis) configuration, or combinations thereof. Presentation of one particular stereoisomer, regioisomer, diastereomer, enantiomer or epimer should be understood to include all possible stereoisomers, regioisomers, diastereomers, enantiomers or epimers and mixtures thereof. Thus, the compounds presented herein include all separate configurational stereoisomeric, regioisomeric, diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. Techniques for inverting or leaving unchanged a particular stereocenter, and those for resolving mixtures of stereoisomers are well known in the art and it is well within the ability of one of skill in the art to choose an appropriate method for a particular situation. See, for example, Fumiss et al. (eds.), VOGEL'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 5.sup.TH ED., Longman Scientific and Technical Ltd., Essex, 1991, 809-816; and Heller,Acc. Chem. Res.1990, 23, 128.

The terms “moiety”, “chemical moiety”, “group” and “chemical group”, as used herein refer to a specific segment or functional group of a molecule. Chemical moieties are often recognized chemical entities embedded in or appended to a molecule.

The term “bond” or “single bond” refers to a chemical bond between two atoms, or two moieties when the atoms joined by the bond are considered to be part of larger substructure. The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl” as defined below. Further, an optionally substituted group may be un-substituted (e.g., CH2CH3), fully substituted (e.g., CF2CF3), mono-substituted (e.g., CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and mono-substituted (e.g., CH2CHF2, CF2CH3, CFHCHF2, etc). It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns (e.g., substituted alkyl includes optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, which in turn are defined as including optionally substituted alkyl groups, potentially ad infinitum) that are sterically impractical and/or synthetically non-feasible. Thus, any substituents described should generally be understood as having a maximum molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons, and more typically, up to about 500 daltons (except in those instances where macromolecular substituents are clearly intended, e.g., polypeptides, polysaccharides, polyethylene glycols, DNA, RNA and the like).

As used herein, C1-Cn, includes C1-C2, C1-C3. . . C1-Cn. By way of example only, a group designated as “C1-C4” indicates that there are one to four carbon atoms in the moiety, i.e. groups containing 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms or 4 carbon atoms, as well as the ranges C1-C2and C1-C3. Thus, by way of example only, “C1-C4alkyl” indicates that there are one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl group, i.e., the alkyl group is selected from among methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “1 to 10” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., “1 to 10 carbon atoms” means that the group may have 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, 6 carbon atoms, 7 carbon atoms, 8 carbon atoms, 9 carbon atoms, or 10 carbon atoms.

The terms “heteroatom” or “hetero” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an atom other than carbon and hydrogen. Heteroatoms are independently selected from among oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, silicon, selenium and tin but are not limited to these atoms. In embodiments in which two or more heteroatoms are present, the two or more heteroatoms can be the same as each another, or some or all of the two or more heteroatoms can each be different from the others.

The term “alkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted straight-chain, or optionally substituted branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon monoradical having from one to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and hexyl, and longer alkyl groups, such as heptyl, octyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6alkyl” or “C1-6alkyl”, means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated.

The term “alkylene” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical, alkyl. Examples include, but are not limited to methylene (—CH2), ethylene (—CH2CH2), propylene (—CH2CH2CH2), isopropylene (—CH(CH3)CH2) and the like.

The term “alkenyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted straight-chain, or optionally substituted branched-chain hydrocarbon monoradical having one or more carbon-carbon double-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to about six carbon atoms. The group may be in either the cis or trans conformation about the double bond(s), and should be understood to include both isomers. Examples include, but are not limited to ethenyl (CH—CH2), 1-propenyl (CH2CH═CH2), isopropenyl [C(CH3)═CH2], butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6alkenyl” or “C2-6alkenyl”, means that the alkenyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkenyl” where no numerical range is designated.

The term “alkenylene” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a diradical derived from the above-defined monoradical alkenyl. Examples include, but are not limited to ethenylene (CH—CH), the propenylene isomers (e.g., CH2CH═CH and C(CH3)═CH) and the like.

The term “alkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted straight-chain or optionally substituted branched-chain hydrocarbon monoradical having one or more carbon-carbon triple-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably from two to about six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1,3-butadiynyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6alkynyl” or “C2-6alkynyl”, means that the alkynyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkynyl” where no numerical range is designated.

The terms “heteroalkyl”, “heteroalkenyl” and “heteroalkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl structures respectively, as described above, in which one or more of the skeletal chain carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms, as appropriate) are each independently replaced with a heteroatom (i.e. an atom other than carbon, such as though not limited to oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous, tin or combinations thereof.

The terms “haloalkyl”, “haloalkenyl” and “haloalkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups respectively, as defined above, in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments two or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with halogen atoms that are the same as each another (e.g. difluoromethyl); in other embodiments two or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with halogen atoms that are not all the same as each other (e.g. 1-chloro-1-fluoro-1-iodoethyl). Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups are fluoromethyl and bromoethyl. A non-limiting example of a haloalkenyl group is bromoethenyl. A non-limiting example of a haloalkynyl group is chloroethynyl.

The terms “cycle”, “cyclic”, “ring” and “membered ring” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to any covalently closed structure, including alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic and polycyclic fused or non-fused ring systems as described herein. Rings can be optionally substituted. Rings can form part of a fused ring system. The term “membered” is meant to denote the number of skeletal atoms that constitute the ring. Thus, by way of example only, cyclohexane, pyridine, pyran and pyrimidine are six-membered rings and cyclopentane, pyrrole, tetrahydrofuran and thiophene are five-membered rings.

The term “fused” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to cyclic structures in which two or more rings share one or more bonds.

The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted, saturated, hydrocarbon monoradical ring, containing from three to about fifteen ring carbon atoms or from three to about ten ring carbon atoms, though may include additional, non-ring carbon atoms as substituents (e.g. methylcyclopropyl).

The term “aromatic” as used herein, refers to a planar, cyclic or polycyclic, ring moiety having a delocalized at-electron system containing 4n+2 n electrons, where n is an integer. Aromatic rings can be formed by five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more than nine atoms. Aromatics can be optionally substituted and can be monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic. The term aromatic encompasses both all carbon containing rings (e.g., phenyl) and those rings containing one or more heteroatoms (e.g., pyridine).

The term “aryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical of six to about twenty ring carbon atoms, and includes fused and non-fused aryl rings. A fused aryl ring radical contains from two to four fused rings where the ring of attachment is an aryl ring, and the other individual rings may be alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic or any combination thereof. Further, the term aryl includes fused and non-fused rings containing from six to about twelve ring carbon atoms, as well as those containing from six to about ten ring carbon atoms. A non-limiting example of a single ring aryl group includes phenyl; a fused ring aryl group includes naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, azulenyl; and a non-fused bi-aryl group includes biphenyl.

The term “heteroaryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to optionally substituted aromatic mono-radicals containing from about five to about twenty skeletal ring atoms, where one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom independently selected from among oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, silicon, selenium and tin but not limited to these atoms and with the proviso that the ring of said group does not contain two adjacent 0 or S atoms. In embodiments in which two or more heteroatoms are present in the ring, the two or more heteroatoms can be the same as each another, or some or all of the two or more heteroatoms can each be different from the others. The term heteroaryl includes optionally substituted fused and non-fused heteroaryl radicals having at least one heteroatom. The term heteroaryl also includes fused and non-fused heteroaryls having from five to about twelve skeletal ring atoms, as well as those having from five to about ten skeletal ring atoms. Bonding to a heteroaryl group can be via a carbon atom or a heteroatom. Thus, as a non-limiting example, an imidiazole group may be attached to a parent molecule via any of its carbon atoms (imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl or imidazol-5-yl), or its nitrogen atoms (imidazol-1-yl or imidazol-3-yl). Likewise, a heteroaryl group may be further substituted via any or all of its carbon atoms, and/or any or all of its heteroatoms. A fused heteroaryl radical may contain from two to four fused rings where the ring of attachment is a heteroaromatic ring and the other individual rings may be alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic, heteroaromatic or any combination thereof. A non-limiting example of heteroaryl group includes pyridyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxinyl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl, acridinyl, bipyridinyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, isoxazolyl, isoquinolinyl, indolizinyl, isothiazolyl, isoindolyloxadiazolyl, indazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, purinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl and the like, and their oxides, such as for example pyridyl-N-oxide and the like.

The term “heterocyclyl”, “heterocycle” or “heterocyclo” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers collectively to heteroalicyclyl and heteroaryl groups. Herein, whenever the number of carbon atoms in a heterocycle is indicated (e.g., C1-C6heterocycle), at least one non-carbon atom (the heteroatom) must be present in the ring. Designations such as “C1-C6heterocycle” refer only to the number of carbon atoms in the ring and do not refer to the total number of atoms in the ring. Designations such as “4-6 membered heterocycle” refer to the total number of atoms that are contained in the ring (i.e., a four, five, or six membered ring, in which at least one atom is a carbon atom, at least one atom is a heteroatom and the remaining two to four atoms are either carbon atoms or heteroatoms). For heterocycles having two or more heteroatoms, those two or more heteroatoms can be the same or different from one another. Heterocycles can be optionally substituted. Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include groups having only three atoms in the ring, while aromatic heterocyclic groups must have at least five atoms in the ring. Bonding (i.e. attachment to a parent molecule or further substitution) to a heterocycle can be via a heteroatom or a carbon atom.

The term “carbocyclyl” or “carbocycle” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers collectively to alicyclyl and aryl groups; i.e. all carbon, covalently closed ring structures, which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, fully unsaturated or aromatic. Carbocyclic rings can be formed by three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more than nine carbon atoms. Carbocycles can be optionally substituted. The term distinguishes carbocyclic from heterocyclic rings in which the ring backbone contains at least one atom which is different from carbon.

The terms “halogen”, “halo” or “halide” as used herein, alone or in combination refer to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

The term “alkoxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl ether radical, O-alkyl, including the groups O-aliphatic and O-carbocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, aliphatic and carbocyclyl groups may be optionally substituted, and wherein the terms alkyl, aliphatic and carbocyclyl are as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of alkoxy radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tertbutoxy and the like.

The term “sulfinyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the diradical —S(O).

The term “sulfonyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the diradical —S(O)2.

The terms “sulfonamide”, “sulfonamido” and “sulfonamidyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to the diradical groups —S(O)2—NH— and —NH—S(O)2.

In the present application, where any of the above groups is indicated as “optionally substituted”, said group is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C1-C6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-C6alkoxy, optionally substituted C6-C10aryl, optionally substituted 5-15 membered heterocyclyl with 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl with 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, optionally substituted mono-C1-C6alkylamino, optionally substituted di-C1-C6alkylamino, optionally substituted mono-C1-C6alkylaminoacyl, optionally substituted di-C1-C6alkylaminoacyl, optionally substituted 5-12 membered heterocyclyl-acyl with 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, optionally substituted C1-C6alkylamido, aminosulfonyl, optionally substituted mono-C1-C6alkylaminosulfonyl, optionally substituted di-C1-C6alkylaminosulfonyl, aminosulfinyl, optionally substituted mono-C1-C6alkylaminosulfinyl, optionally substituted di-C1-C6alkylaminosulfinyl, and optionally substituted C1-C6alkylsulfonamido. For the purpose of the present application, a group may be substituted in sequence for at most three times. The above listed groups are the same as the substituents for substituting the groups indicated as “substituted” (for example “substituted alkyl”) in the definitions of the groups in Formulas I, Ia, II, IIa, III, IIIa.

Certain Pharmaceutical Terminology

The term “FAK/Pyk2 inhibitor” as used herein refers to a compound that exhibits an IC50, with respect to FAK and/or Pyk2 activity, of no more than about 100 M or not more than about 50 M, as measured in the FAK/Pyk2 activity assay described generally herein. “IC50” is that concentration of inhibitor which reduces the activity of an enzyme (e.g., FAK and/or Pyk2) to half-maximal level. Compounds described herein have been discovered to exhibit inhibition against FAK and/or Pyk2. Compounds of the present invention preferably exhibit an IC50with respect to FAK and/or Pyk2 of no more than about 10 M, more preferably, no more than about M, even more preferably not more than about 1 M, and most preferably, not more than about 200 nM, as measured in the FAK/Pyk2 activity assay described herein.

The term “selective,” “selectively,” or “selectivity” as used herein refers to a compound of this invention having a lower IC50value for a FAK and/or Pyk2 as compared to any other enzymes (e.g., at least 2, 5, 10 or more-fold lower).

The terms “treat,” “treating” or “treatment,” and other grammatical equivalents as used herein, include alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition symptoms, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition, and are intended to include prophylaxis. The terms further include achieving a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit. By therapeutic benefit is meant eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated. Also, a therapeutic benefit is achieved with the eradication or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the patient, notwithstanding that the patient may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder. For prophylactic benefit, the compositions may be administered to a patient at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a patient reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made.

The terms “administer,” “administering”; “administration,” and the like, as used herein, refer to the methods that may be used to enable delivery of compounds or compositions to the desired site of biological action. These methods include, but are not limited to oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, and intravascular or infusion), topical and rectal administration. Those of skill in the art are familiar with administration techniques that can be employed with the compounds and methods described herein, e.g., as discussed in Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, current ed.; Pergamon; and Remington's, PharmaceuticalSciences(current edition), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. In preferred embodiments, the compounds and compositions described herein are administered orally.

The term “acceptable” as used herein, with respect to a formulation, composition or ingredient, means having no persistent detrimental effect on the general health of the subject being treated.

The term “pharmaceutical composition,” as used herein, refers to a biologically active compound, optionally mixed with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable chemical component, such as carrier and/or excipients, though not limited to stabilizers, diluents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, etc.

The term “carrier” as used herein, may refer to relatively nontoxic chemical compounds or agents that facilitate the incorporation of a compound into cells or tissues.

The term “agonist,” as used herein, refers to a molecule such as a compound, a drug, an enzyme activator or a hormone modulator which enhances the activity of another molecule or the activity of a receptor site.

The term “antagonist,” as used herein, refers to a molecule such as a compound, a drug, an enzyme inhibitor, or a hormone modulator, which diminishes, or prevents the action of another molecule or the activity of a receptor site.

The term “modulator,” as used herein, refers to a molecule that interacts with a target either directly or indirectly. The interactions include, but are not limited to, the interactions of an agonist and an antagonist.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein, refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Compounds described herein may possess acidic or basic groups and therefore may react with any of a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the invention, or by separately reacting a purified compound in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid, and isolating the salt thus formed. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds described herein with a mineral or organic acid or an inorganic base, such salts including, acetate, acrylate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, butyn-1,4-dioate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caprylate, chlorobenzoate, chloride, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyne-1,6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, y-hydroxybutyrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, mandelate. metaphosphate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 1-napthalenesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propanesulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, suberate, sebacate, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate undeconate and xylenesulfonate. Other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts (See examples at Berge et al.,J. Pharm. Sci.1977, 66, 1-19). Further, those compounds described herein which may comprise a free acid group may react with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Representative alkali or alkaline earth salts include the lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, IV′ (C1-4alkyl)4, and the like. Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups they may contain. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products may be obtained by such quaternization. See, for example, Berge et al., supra.

The term “solvate” as used herein refers to a combination of a compound of this invention with a solvent molecule formed by solvation. In some situations, the solvate refers to a hydrate, i.e., the solvent molecule is a water molecule, the combination of a compound of this invention and water forms a hydrate.

The term “polymorph” or “polymorphism” as used herein refers to a compound of this invention present in different crystal lattice forms.

The term “tautomer” as used herein refers to an isomer readily interconverted from a compound of this invention by e.g., migration of a hydrogen atom or proton.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or prodrug” as used herein, refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, salt of an ester or other derivative of a compound of this invention, which, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or a pharmaceutically active metabolite or residue thereof. Particularly favored derivatives or prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a patient (e.g., by allowing orally administered compound to be more readily absorbed into blood) or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment (e.g., the brain or lymphatic system).

Pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds described herein include, but are not limited to, esters, carbonates, thiocarbonates, N-acyl derivatives, N-acyloxyalkyl derivatives, quaternary derivatives of tertiary amines, N-Mannich bases, Schiff bases, amino acid conjugates, phosphate esters, metal salts and sulfonate esters. Various forms of prodrugs are well known in the art. See for exampleDesign of Prodrugs, Bundgaard, A. Ed., Elseview, 1985 andMethod in Enzymology, Widder, K. et al., Ed.; Academic, 1985, vol. 42, p. 309-396; Bundgaard, H. “Design and Application of Prodrugs” inA Textbook of Drug Design and Development, Krosgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Ed., 1991, Chapter 5, p. 113-191; and Bundgaard, H.,Advanced Drug Delivery Review,1992, 8, 1-38, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The prodrugs described herein include, but are not limited to, the following groups and combinations of these groups; amine derived prodrugs: Hydroxy prodrugs include, but are not limited to acyloxyalkyl esters, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl esters, alkyl esters, aryl esters and disulfide containing esters.

The terms “enhance” or “enhancing,” as used herein, means to increase or prolong either in potency or duration of a desired effect. Thus, in regard to enhancing the effect of therapeutic agents, the term “enhancing” refers to the ability to increase or prolong, either in potency or duration, the effect of other therapeutic agents on a system.

An “enhancing-effective amount,” as used herein, refers to an amount adequate to enhance the effect of another therapeutic agent in a desired system.

The terms “pharmaceutical combination”, “administering an additional therapy”, “administering an additional therapeutic agent” and the like, as used herein, refer to a pharmaceutical therapy resulting from mixing or combining more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients. The term “fixed combination” means that at least one of the compounds described herein, and at least one co-agent, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage. The term “non-fixed combination” means that at least one of the compounds described herein, and at least one co-agent, are administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with variable intervening time limits, wherein such administration provides effective levels of the two or more compounds in the body of the patient. These also apply to cocktail therapies, e.g. the administration of three or more active ingredients.

The terms “co-administration”, “administered in combination with” and their grammatical equivalents or the like, as used herein, are meant to encompass administration of the selected therapeutic agents to a single patient, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are administered by the same or different route of administration or at the same or different times. In some embodiments the compounds described herein will be co-administered with other agents. These terms encompass administration of two or more agents to an animal so that both agents and/or their metabolites are present in the animal at the same time. They include simultaneous administration in separate compositions, administration at different times in separate compositions, and/or administration in a composition in which both agents are present. Thus, in some embodiments, the compounds of the invention and the other agent (s) are administered in a single composition.

The term “metabolite,” as used herein, refers to a derivative of a compound which is formed when the compound is metabolized.

The term “active metabolite,” as used herein, refers to a biologically active derivative of a compound that is formed when the compound is metabolized.

The term “metabolized,” as used herein, refers to the sum of the processes (including, but not limited to, hydrolysis reactions and reactions catalyzed by enzymes) by which a particular substance is changed by an organism. Thus, enzymes may produce specific structural alterations to a compound. For example, cytochrome P450 catalyzes a variety of oxidative and reductive reactions while uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferases catalyze the transfer of an activated glucuronic-acid molecule to aromatic alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and free sulphydryl groups. Further information on metabolism may be obtained fromThe Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,9th Edition, McGraw-Hill (1996).

SYNTHETIC PROCEDURES AND EXAMPLES

Methods for synthesizing the compounds described herein are provided. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein can be prepared by the methods described below. The procedures and examples below are intended to illustrate those methods. Neither the procedures nor the examples should be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Compounds described herein may also be synthesized using standard synthetic techniques known to those of skill in the art or using methods known in the art in combination with methods described herein.

The compounds of formula I wherein one of R3and R4is hydrogen, one of R5and R6is hydrogen, and R″ is hydrogen shown as the following formula is taken as an example to illustrate the preparation of the compounds of formula I.

General Protocol I: Synthesis of 2,4-dichloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines

General Protocol II: Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines

Step A: To a solution of anhydrous ethanol was added sodium (1.5 eq.) in pieces. After all the sodium dissolved, 1,1,2-tricarboxylates (i, 1.0 eq.) and urea (1.0 eq.) was added respectively. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight and cooled to room temperature, evaporated to dryness. The residue was diluted with water and acidified by diluted hydrochloric acid (2 N). The mixture was evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 2-(2,4,6-trihydroxypyrimidin-5-yl)acetates (ii).

Step B: To a solution of 2-(2,4,6-trihydroxypyrimidin-5-yl)acetates (ii, 1.0 eq.) in phosphoryl trichloride was added N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (2.0 eq.) dropwise. After the addition was over, the reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 1-12 hours. Most of phosphoryl trichloride was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was basified by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic extracts were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetates (iii).

Step C: To a solution of 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetates (iii, 1.0 eq.) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran at 0° C. was added diisobutylaluminium hydride (3.0-4.0 eq.) dropwise. The reaction mixture was continued stirring for another 2-12 hours and then quenched by diluted hydrochloric acid (1 N). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to afford the product 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethanols (iv), which was used for the next step without purification.

Step D: To a solution of 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethanols (iv, 1.0 eq.) in dichloromethane was added methanesulfonyl chloride (2.0 eq.), triethyl amine (2.0 eq.) and catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine respectively. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1-12 hours, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl methanesulfonates (v).

Step E: To a solution of 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl methanesulfonates (v, 1.0 eq.) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added (4-methoxyphenyl)methanamine (1.5 eq.) and triethyl amine (10.0 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 1-3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into water. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 2,4-dichloro-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (vi, Intermediates A1-A3).

To a solution of anhydrous ethanol (500 mL) was added sodium (9 g, 0.39 mol) in pieces. After all the sodium dissolved, diethyl malonate (50 g, 0.31 mol) was added dropwise at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for another 30 minutes, followed by the addition of (±)-ethyl 2-bromopropanoate (56.5 g, 0.31 mol) dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature for 1 hour and then heated at reflux for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, most of solvents were removed, and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to afford the product (±)-triethyl propane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate (67.8 g, yield 83.4%), which was used for the next step without purification.

According to General Protocol I, (±)-ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trihydroxypyrimidin-5-yl)propanoate was prepared from sodium (1.9 g, 83 mmol), (±)-triethyl propane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate (14.2 g, 55 mmol) and urea (3.3 g, 55 mmol) and isolated as a red-yellow oil (6 g, yield 48%), which was used for the next step without purification.

To a solution of (L)-ethyl lactate (124 g, 1.05 mol) and triethyl amine (126 g, 1.25 mol) in toluene at 10-15° C. was added methanesulfonyl chloride (124 g, 1.08 mol) dropwise for about 2 hours. The mixture was allowed to warm to about 20° C. and the solid was filtered off. The solution was washed with water and dried, concentrated to afford the product (S)-ethyl 2-(methylsulfonyloxy)propanoate (199 g, yield 96.7%).

To a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(methylsulfonyloxy)propanoate (28.4 g, 0.1 mol) in N,N′-dimethylformamide (400 mL) was added dibenzyl malonate (23.5 g, 0.12 mol) and cesium fluoride (15.2 g, 0.1 mol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 2 days. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was poured into water and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed with brine, water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated to afford the crude product (S)-1,1-dibenzyl 2-ethyl propane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (23 g, yield 60%).

To the solution of (S)-1,1-dibenzyl 2-ethyl propane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate (23 g, 0.06 mol) in methanol (500 mL) was added palladium on carbon (10%, 2 g), and then the mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature overnight. The catalyst was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product (S)-2-(1-ethoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)malonic acid, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (10 g, yield 83%).

A suspension of (S)-2-(1-ethoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)malonic acid (5 g, 25 mmol) and urea (1.8 g, 29.4 mmol) in acetic anhydride (15 mL) was placed in a microwave reactor and allowed to react under microwave irradiation at 60° C. for 30 minutes. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was quenched by sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product (S)-ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)propanoate (2.85 g, yield 50%).

Intermediate A4 was synthesized according to the scheme as following:

To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6(7H)-one (270 mg, 0.77 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added diborane (1 M in tetrahydrofuran, 3.85 mL, 3.85 mmol) dropwise under nitrogen. The mixture was refluxed overnight. After cooling, methanol (2 mL) was added dropwise to decompose the excessive diborane. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford the product

Intermediate A5 was synthesized according to the scheme as following:

To a solution of (R)-ethyl 2-(methylsulfonyloxy)propanoate (15 g, 0.076 mol) in DMF (300 ml) was added dibenzyl malonate (21.5 g, 0.076 mol) and CsF (11.5 g, 0.076 mol). The mixture was heated to 50° C. for 2 days. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was poured into water and then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine, water and dried. Concentrated to afford (R)-1,1-dibenzyl 2-ethyl propane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (11 g, 40%).

To the solution of (R)-1,1-dibenzyl 2-ethyl propane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate (11 g, 0.029 mol) in MeOH (500 ml) was added Pd/C (wet, 2 g), and then the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature overnight. After filtered the Pd/C, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford (R)-2-(1-ethoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)malonic acid, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (3.5 g, 60%).

The (R)-2-(1-ethoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)malonic acid (3.5 g, 0.017 mol) and the urea (1.03 g, 0.017 mol) was dissolved into Ac2O (20 ml) and then added to the reaction vessel of the microwave reactor and were allowed to react under microwave irradiation at 60° C. for half an hour. After cooled to rt, added NaHCO3 aqueous and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried and concentrated to afford (R)-ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)propanoate, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (2.0 g, 52%).

Intermediate A6 was synthesized according to the scheme as following:

To a solution of anhydrous ethanol (1000 mL) was added sodium (23.0 g, 1 mol) in pieces. After all the sodium dissolved, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath, diethyl malonate (160.2 g, 1 mol) was added dropwise, the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature after stirred for 0.5 h, ethyl 2-chloroacetate (122.6 g, 1 mol) was added and stirred for another 1 h, then heated to reflux for 3 h and cooled to room temperature. Most of ethanol was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was poured into ice-water. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic extracts were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to afford the product ethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate as a pale-yellow oil (180.0 g, yield 73.1%), which was used for the next step without purification.

To a solution of anhydrous ethanol (1500 mL) was added sodium (25.2 g, 1.1 mol) in pieces. After all the sodium dissolved, triethyl ethane-1,1,2-tricarboxylate (180.0 g, 733 mmol) and urea (43.9 g, 733 mmol) was added respectively. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight and cooled to room temperature, evaporated to dryness. The residue was diluted with water and acidified by diluted hydrochloric acid (2 N). The mixture was evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate as a pale-yellow solid (82.8 g, yield 35.0%).

To a solution of ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate (50.0 g, 240.0 mmol) in phosphoryl trichloride (400.0 mL) was added N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (80.0 mL) dropwise. After the addition was over, the reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 2 hours. Most of phosphoryl trichloride was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was basified by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic extracts were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product ethyl 2-(2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate as a pale-yellow solid (34.4 g, yield 54.6%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 4.24 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Step E

To a solution of 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-1-nitrobenzene (100 g, 0.584 mol) and morpholine (60 g, 0.689 mol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (60 mL) was added potassium carbonate (120 g, 0.870 mol). The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 6 hours, and then poured into ice-water. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed by water, dried to afford the product 4-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (100 g, yield 72%).

To a suspension of 4-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (100 g, 0.42 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 L) was added palladium on carbon (10%, 10 g). The mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 12 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated to afford the product 2-methoxy-4-morpholinoaniline (87 g, yield 100%).

3-Chlorobenzaldehyde (15 g, 107 mmol) was added to concentrated sulfuric acid (150 mL) at −20° C., followed by addition of potassium nitrate (11.9 g, 117 mmol) in portions, keeping the temperature below −10° C. After addition, the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then poured into ice-water. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (12.0 g, yield 60.6%).

In a flask equipped with a Dean-Stark water separator, 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (12.0 g, 64.7 mmol), ethylene glycol (8.0 g, 129.3 mmol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.2 g) were dissolved in toluene (150 mL). The mixture was stirred at reflux for 8 hours. Dichloromethane was added and the organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 2-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (13.4 g, yield 90.0%).

2-(5-Chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (13.4 g, 58.4 mmol) was dissolved in morpholine (150 mL). The mixture was then heated to reflux for 16 hours. Cooling to room temperature, dichloromethane was added. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 4-(3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (15.9 g, yield 97.1%).

4-(3-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (15.9 g, 56.7 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of acetone and water (100 mL/100 mL). Then p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.0 g) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to afford the crude product 5-morpholino-2-nitrobenzaldehyde, which was used for the next step without purification.

To a suspension of the crude 5-morpholino-2-nitrobenzaldehyde in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and ethanol (100 mL/100 mL) was slowly added sodium borohydride (4.0 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and then was partitioned between ether and saturated ammonium chloride. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether, and the organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product (5-morpholino-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (8.5 g, yield 62.3%, two steps).

To a solution of (5-morpholino-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (3.0 g, 12.6 mmol), triethylamine (2.54 g, 25.2 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.2 g) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was added tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (2.83 g, 18.9 mmol). After the addition was over, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was washed by saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 4-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine (4.0 g, yield 90.9%).

To a solution of pyrocatechol (60 g, 0.54 mol) in ether (2000 mL) at 0° C. was added fuming nitric acid (24 mL) dropwise. After the addition was over, the reaction was allowed to stand at room temperature for 20 minutes, decanted into ice-water and the resulting solution was extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were neutralized with aqueous sodium carbonate (10%), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 5/1) to afford the product 3-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol (25 g, yield 30%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 10.62 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.67 (dd, 1H, J=1.6 Hz, 8.8 Hz), 7.23-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.93 (t, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 5.79 (br, 1H).

To a solution of N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)acetamide (5.5 g, 28.5 mmol) in chloroform (20 mL) cooled at −20° C. was slowly added a solution of bromine (1.6 mL, 30 mmol) in chloroform (5 mL) so that the reaction temperature was maintained below −10° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes, and then quenched immediately with water. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane; the combined extracts were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel chromatography (dichloromethane) to afford the product N-(8-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)acetamide (5 g, yield 64%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 9.23 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.48 (d, 1H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.04-7.06 (d, 1H, J=9.2 Hz), 4.32-4.40 (m, 4H), 2.07 (s, 3H).

To a solution of N-(8-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)acetamide (5 g, 18.4 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was added morpholine (1.9 g, 22 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(1.68 g, 1.84 mmol), X-Phos (1.75 g, 3.68 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (4.1 g, 36.8 mmol) in a sealed tube. The mixture was heated at 130° C. for overnight. After cooled to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 4/1) to afford the product N-(8-morpholino-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)acetamide (2 g, yield 40%).

To a solution of N-(8-morpholino-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)acetamide (2 g, 7.19 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) was added concentrated Hydrochloric acid (5 mL) and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the solvent was removed under reduce pressure, water was added and the pH was adjusted to 7-8 using aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate 2/1) to afford the product 8-morpholino-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-5-amine (1 g, yield 60%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 6.38-6.41 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.27-6.29 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 4.28-4.32 (m, 4H), 3.85-3.88 (t, 4H, J=4.8 Hz), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.95-2.97 (t, 4H, J=4.8 Hz).

2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester (696 mg, 3.57 mmol), azobisisbutyronitrile (58.6 mg, 0.357 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (785 mg, 4.46 mmol) were suspended in carbon tetrachloride (35 mL) in a sealed tube. The above mixture was flushed with nitrogen for 5 minutes and heated at 80° C. for 22 hours. After cooling, the solid was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain the crude product methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-4-nitrobenzoate as a light-brown solid, which was used for the next step without purification.

A suspension of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-4-nitrobenzoate in ammonium solution (7 N in methanol, 5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and concentrated in vacuum to obtain a yellow solid. This crude solid was triturated with ethyl acetate (15 mL) and was then cooled at −20° C. The mixture was filtered to obtain the product 5-nitroisoindolin-1-one as yellow solid.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 9.04 (br s, 1H), 8.48 (d, 1H, J=2.0 Hz), 8.25 (dd, 1H, J=2.0 Hz, 8.4 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 4.51 (s, 2H).

To a solution of 5-nitroisoindolin-1-one (60 mg, 0.337 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added palladium on carbon (10%, 50 mg). The mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 1 hour. Filtration through Celite, followed by concentration led to 5-aminoisoindolin-1-one as a tan solid (38 mg, yield 76.2%).

To a solution of 3-aminocrotononitrile (16.5 g, 0.2 mol) in n-pentanol (40 mL) was added methylhydrazine (12.9 g, 0.28 mol). The solution was maintained at reflux for 3 hours. The n-pentanol and the excess methylhydrazine were subsequently distilled off under reduced pressure. The beige precipitate obtained was taken up in heptanes (150 mL), filtered on a sinter funnel and then dried under vacuum at a temperature of 40° C. to afford the product 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine as a beige solid (13.5 g, yield 60.4%).

To a solution of nitric acid (20.0 mL) and acetic acid (40.0 mL) under 10° C. was added 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (10.0 g, 47.0 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then poured into ice-water. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water, which was then recrystallized from ethanol to afford the product 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-nitrobenzene (6.64 g, yield 66.1%).1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 7.51 (s, 2H), 3.87 (s, 6H), 3.77 (s, 3H).

To a solution of 4-nitroindole (5 g, 31 mmol) in anhydrous N,N′-dimethylformamide (200 mL) was added grounded potassium hydroxide (1.74 g, 31 mmol) in portions. Then a solution of 1,3-dibromopropane (18 g, 89 mmol) in N,N′-dimethylformamide was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtrated and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 1-(3-bromopropyl)-4-nitro-1H-indole as brown-red oil (8.18 g, yield 94%).

To a solution of 1-(3-bromopropyl)-4-nitro-1H-indole (8.18 g, 28.9 mmol) in anhydrous N,N′-dimethylformamide (200 mL) was added grounded potassium carbonate (12 g, 87 mmol) in portions. Then a solution of morpholine (12.6 g, 144.8 mmol) in N,N′-dimethylformamide was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 hours, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtrated and evaporated to afford the product 4-(3-(4-nitro-1H-indol-1-yl)propyl)morpholine, which was used for the next step without purification.

To a solution of crude 4-(3-(4-nitro-1H-indol-1-yl)propyl)morpholine in methanol (100 mL) was added palladium on carbon (10%). The mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 12 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the product 1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-1H-indol-4-amine (5 g, yield 67%, two steps) as a brown solid.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 8.12, J=2.4 Hz).

To a slurry of chloral hydrate (1.39 g, 8.4 mmol) and sodium sulfate (6.91 g, 48.7 mmol) in water (23.1 mL) was added benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-amine (1.0 g, 7.3 mmol), hydroxylamine sulfate (6.24 g, 38 mmol) and diluted hydrochloric acid (1.2 N, 7.7 mL). After stirring at 60° C. for 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture was kept at 25° C. overnight. The brown solid was collected by filtration and washed with water. After drying under vacuum, the solid was taken up in methane sulfonic acid and the solution was heated at 45° C. for 30 minutes. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and then poured into ice (200 g). A dark red solid was precipitated and collected by filtration, dried to afford the product (635 mg, yield 53%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 7.68 (br s, 1H), 7.35-7.37 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.59-6.61 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 6.13 (s, 2H).

To a solution of sodium hydroxide (4.6 g, 115 mmol) in water (35 mL) was added the Intermediate from Step C (2.35 g, 14.4 mmol). A solution of hydrogen peroxide (30%, 21 mL) was then added over 30 minutes. The reaction was neutralized to pH 7 by the addition of diluted hydrochloric acid (1N). The precipitate was collected and dried to afford the product 4-aminobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylic acid (1.68 g, yield 64%).1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 7.40-7.42 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.25-6.27 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 6.04 (s, 2H).

To a solution of 2-aminobenzoic acid (5.0 g, 36.5 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (6.5 g, 40.1 mol) at 25° C., the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at this temperature. Then pyrrolidine (3.5 g, 40.1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under the reduced pressure and the residue was washed with water and extracted with dichloromethane, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to afford the product (2-aminophenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (5.4 g, yield 66%), which was used for the next step without further purification.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 7.12-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.66-6.71 (m, 2H), 4.62 (br s, 2H), 3.63 (br s, 2H), 3.47 (br s, 2H), 1.87-1.94 (m, 4H).

To a solution of 2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (30 g, 0.14 mol) in dichloromethane (500 mL) was slowly added a solution of methylamine in water (30%, 15.3 g) and triethylamine (38 mL, 0.27 mol) respectively. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then evaporated. The residue was subjected to silica gel chromatography to afford the product N-methyl-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (26 g, yield 90%).

To a solution of cesium carbonate (55.78 g, 171 mmol) in acetonitrile (500 mL) at room temperature was added N-methylmethane-sulfonamide (14.0 g, 0.128 mol). 2-Fluoro-benzonitrile (10.37 g, 86 mmol) was then added in portions over 10-15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. Upon completion, the mixture was filtered and then concentrated. The residue diluted with water and extracted by dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to afford the product N-(2-cyanophenyl)-N-methylmethane-sulfonamide (16.0 g, yield 88.9%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 7.62-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H).

General Protocol II: Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines

Step A: To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (vi, Intermediates A1-A4, 1.0 eq.) in anhydrous toluene was added R5R6NH (Intermediates B1-B10, 1.0-1.2 eq.), Pd2(dba)3(5-20 mol %), (±)-BINAP/X-Phos (10-20 mol %) and cesium carbonate/sodium (potassium) tert-butoxide/potassium carbonate (1.5-4.0 eq.) respectively. The mixture was heated at 100-150° C. under microwave or in a sealed tube for several hours. Cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was evaporated and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and subjected to silica gel chromatography to afford the product 4-chloro-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amines (vii).

Step B: To a solution of 4-chloro-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amines (vii, 1.0 eq.) in anhydrous toluene was added R3R4NH (Intermediates C1-C11, 1.0-1.2 eq.), Pd2(dba)3(5-20 mol %), (±)-BINAP/X-Phos (10-20 mol %) and cesium carbonate/sodium (potassium) tert-butoxide//potassium carbonate (1.5-4.0 eq.) respectively. The mixture was heated at 100-150° C. under microwave or in a sealed tube for several hours. Cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was evaporated and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and subjected to silica gel chromatography to afford the product 7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (viii).

Step C: To a solution of 7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (viii) in anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid was added several drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2-12 hours, and then quenched by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic phases were combined, washed by brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated and subjected to silica gel chromatography to afford the product 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines (ix, Examples 1-37).

Step A

Step B

Step C

Step A

Step B

Step A

Step B

Compounds in Example 38-163 were synthesized according to the synthetic method described in the invention.

Biochemical Assay for FAK/Pyk2 Activity

GST-tagged FAK was purchased from Invitrogen (PV3832). GST-tagged PYK2 was purchased from Invitrogen (PV4567). The activity of FAK/PYK2 was measured by monitoring the phosphorylation of a fluorophore labeled ULight-poly Glu, Ala, Tyr (1:1:1) peptide substrate from Perkin Elmer (TRF0101) in the presence of ATP. The phosphorylated tyrosine residue was recognized by a LANCE Europium chelate labeled anti-phosphotyrosine (PY20) antibody from Perkin Elmer (AD0066). This brought the fluorophore and europium chelate in close proximity (>10 nm) that upon excitation at 320 nm by an Envision (PerkinElmer), energy can be transferred from the donor Europium chelate to the acceptor fluorophore. This results in the emission of light at 665 nm and can be captured by Envision. The strength of the signal was, therefore, directly proportional to the FAK/PYK2 activity.

To measure inhibitory activity of FAK/PYK2 inhibitors, compounds were first prepare as a 1 mM stock in 100% DMSO and 3-fold serial dilution was performed in a 96-well plate (Corning, 3897) to generate 12 different concentration of 100× stock. A 5 μl of 100× stock of each concentration was added to wells containing 95 μl of 1× reaction buffer (40 mM Tris, pH7.5, mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT and 1 mM CHAPS) to generate 5× stock. Then 2 μl of 5× stock of each concentration was added to a 384 wells-OptiPlate (PerkinElmer, 6007299).

For FAK, 4 μl of 2.5 nM FAK, 1 ul of 8 μg/μl BSA and 1.5 μl of 666 nM ULight-poly Glu, Ala, Tyr (1:1:1) peptide substrate, prepared in above reaction buffer, were added to each well. The reaction was initiated by adding 1.5 μl of 33.3 μM ATP. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 120 min before being quenched with 5 μl of 40 mM EDTA stop buffer prepared in 1×LANCE detection buffer (PerkinElmer, CR97-100).

For PYK2, 5 μl of 2 nM PYK2 and 1.5 μl of 666 nM ULight-poly Glu, Ala, Tyr (1:1:1) peptide substrate, prepared in above reaction buffer, were added to each well. The reaction was initiated by adding 1.5 μl of 46.6 μM ATP. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 40 min before being quenched with 5 μl of 40 mM EDTA stop buffer prepared in 1×LANCE detection buffer (PerkinElmer, CR97-100).

Upon quenching of the reaction, 5 μl of 8 nM anti-phosphotyrosine antibody was added to each well and incubated for 60 minutes. The plate was measured using an Envision (PerkinElmer) based on the theory mentioned above.