Human stem cell antigen 2

A human stem cell antigen 2 polypeptide and DNA (RNA) encoding such polypeptide and a procedure for producing such polypeptide by recombinant techniques is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for utilizing such polypeptide for stimulating thymocyte maturation and differentiation, protecting neuronal cells, preventing rejection during organ transplantation, treating PNH, Alzheimer's Disease and inflammation is disclosed. Diagnostic assays for identifying mutations in nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide of the present invention and for detecting altered levels of the polypeptide of the present invention for detecting diseases, for example, cancer, are also disclosed.

This invention relates to newly identified polynucleotides, polypeptides 
encoded by such polynucleotides, the use of such polynucleotides and 
polypeptides, as well as the production of such polynucleotides and 
polypeptides. More particularly, the polypeptide of the present invention 
has been putatively identified as human stem cell antigen 2, sometimes 
hereinafter referred to as "hSca-2". The invention also relates to 
inhibiting the action of such polypeptides. 
The Ly-6 family of cell surface proteins is a group of molecules 
differentially expressed in several hematopoietic lineages that appears to 
function in signal transduction and cell activation. Ly-6 antigens are 
encoded by a multi-gene family and are expressed in both lymphoid and 
non-lymphoid cells. The Ly-6 super family of molecules includes human 
CD59, a cell surface protein which protects human complement-mediated 
membrane damage, squid Sgp1 and Sgp2, urokinase plasminogen activator 
receptor and murine Sca-1 and Sca-2. 
In all of these molecules with the exception of the squid Sgp1 and 2, there 
are 10 cysteine residues which have a conserved motif and a glycosyl 
phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor at the COOH-terminus. Further, there are 
clear areas of identity between the members at the amino acid level. 
Moreover, there are normally 3 to 5 amino acids between cysteines 6 and 7 
and the cysteine 8 and cysteine 9 residues are adjacent. An alanine 
residue is found one residue upstream of the GPI anchor. The GPI anchor is 
necessary to anchor these cell surface proteins into the lipid bilayer 
membrane on the outside of the cell surface. 
The cell surface phenotype of the intrathymic precursors is similar to that 
of bone marrow stem cells, except that the former express murine Sca-2 
(Wu, L. et al, J. Exp. Med., 174:1617-1627 (1991)). Murine Sca-2 is also 
expressed by the majority of immature thymocytes, but not by mature 
peripheral T-cells. Murine Sca-2 is also expressed on B22.sup.+ bone 
marrow cells and peripheral B-cells (Spangrude, G. J. et al., J. Immunol., 
141:3697-3707 (1988)). The mature murine Sca-2 protein contains 82 amino 
acids with a predicted molecular mass of 8.8 kDa. This sequence contains a 
relatively high proportion of cysteine residues (10/82), which suggests 
that numerous disulfide bonds stabilize this tertiary structure of murine 
Sca-2. There is one consensus sequence for N-linked oligosaccharide 
attachment (Asn-79). Ser-51 and Ser-56 are both flanked by Pro residues 
and may be O-glycosylated (Jentoft, N., Trends Biochem. Sci., 15:291-294 
(1990)) and (Gooley, A A et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 
178:1194-1201 (1991)). 
Murine Sca-2 shows significant structural similarities to mouse Ly-6 
antigens, human CD59 and a herpes virus CD59 homolog. A remarkable 
conservation of all extracellular cysteine residues is evident, with all 
ten cysteine residues in the putative mature protein conserved between 
Murine Sca-2 and other sequences. There is clearly an evolutionary 
relationship between Murine Sca-2 and the Ly-6 family. 
The C-terminus of the Sca-2 protein is enriched for hydrophobic amino 
acids, indicating that it is probably a signal peptide for the attachment 
of a GPI moiety for cell membrane anchoring (Ferguson, M. A. and Williams, 
A. F., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 57:285-320 (1988)). All sequences of the Ly-6 
family have C-terminal hydrophobic signal sequences of GPI attachment or 
have a GPI anchor. The GPI signal sequence directs attachment of a GPI 
anchor to the c-terminus of murine Sca-2 and this modification occurs in 
both thymocytes and COS cells. The conservation of the Cys-Asn sequence 
near the C-terminus of the mature protein in all members of the Ly-6 
family suggest a consensus attachment point for the GPI anchor since the 
corresponding Asn residue in Sgp-2 has been empirically determined as the 
C-terminal amino acid (Williams, A F et al., Immunogenetics, 27:265-272 
(1988)). Data for known GPI attachment sites suggests that Ala-82 is the 
C-terminal amino acid of murine Sca-2 (Ferguson, M A and Williams, A. F., 
Annu. Rev. Biochem., 57:285-320 (1988)). 
GPI-linked molecules have been implicated in signal transduction in 
hematopoietic cells, suggesting an important role for the GPI anchor and 
cell activation. (Robinson, P J, Immunol. Today, 12:35-41 (1991)). It is 
possible that Sca-2 may also function as a signal transduction molecule, 
and the presence of a GPI anchor suggests a signalling mechanism in common 
with other GPI-anchored molecules. 
This cytolytic activity of human complement is mediated by the assembly of 
five proteins (c5b, c6, c7, c8 and c9) into a functional membrane attack 
complex. The c5b-9 complex forms stable pores in the membrane, thereby 
altering the ion permeability of the cell. This can lead to cell lysis or, 
in some case, sub-lytic activation. The hemolytic anemia associated with 
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) can be attributed to increased 
csb-9 deposition on erythrocytes. Thrombosis seen in PNH patients may be 
caused by increased c5b-9 deposition on platelets, which leads to 
pro-coagulation responses such as increased pro-thrombinase activity. 
Normally, human blood cells are protected against autologous complement 
activation by membrane proteins that block the assembly of functional 
complement pores. One such protein is human CD59 which inhibits the 
assembly of c5b-9 by interacting with c8 and c9. Accordingly, 
administration of CD59 prevents hemolytic disease or thrombosis. 
Further, the CD59 protein may prevent the complement mediated lysis and 
activation of endothelial cells which leads to hyper acute rejection and 
therefore may be administered during xenogeneic organ transplantation. 
Further, a protein extracted from a urate-calcium oxalate stone has shown 
high homology to the CD59 protein. (Binette, J. P. and Binette, M. B., 
Scanning Microcs., 7:1107-10 (1993)). 
CD59 is also thought to retard the onset of Alzheimer's disease since a 
detection of the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (CD59) has been 
found in the diseased neurons of the Alzheimer brain, (McGeer, P. L. et 
al., Brain Research, 544:315-9 (1991)). 
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is also a member of this family 
and binds plasminogen activator and thus presumably concentrates this 
protease at a cell surface where it is required and, therefore, may also 
be considered to act within this functional framework. It is thought that 
plasminogen activator may be involved in the penetration of extracellular 
matrices and that its function may be important in metastasis as well as 
in non-pathogenic functions. (Roldin, et al., EMBO J., 9:467-474 (1990)). 
The polypeptide of the present invention has been putatively identified as 
a human Sca-2 protein as a result of amino acid sequence homology to 
murine Sca-2, and, therefore, as a member of the Ly-6 protein 
super-family. 
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
novel mature polypeptide, as well as biologically active and 
diagnostically or therapeutically useful fragments, analogs and 
derivatives thereof. The polypeptide of the present invention is of human 
origin. 
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are 
provided isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a polypeptide of the 
present invention including mRNAs, cDNAs, genomic DNAs as well as analogs 
and biologically active and diagnostically or therapeutically useful 
fragments thereof. 
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is 
provided an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a mature polypeptide 
expressed by the DNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. 97301. 
In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is 
provided a process for producing such polypeptide by recombinant 
techniques comprising culturing recombinant prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic 
host cells, containing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide of 
the present invention, under conditions promoting expression of said 
protein and subsequent recovery of said protein. 
In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is 
provided a process for utilizing such polypeptide, or polynucleotide 
encoding such polypeptide for therapeutic purposes, for example, to 
stimulate the maturation and differentiation of the thymocytes, to prevent 
damage from the complement c5b-9, to prevent hyper-acute rejection, to 
treat PNH and to treat Alzheimer's disease. 
In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there are 
provided antibodies against such polypeptides. 
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are 
provided hSca-2 agonists which mimic hSca-2. 
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there are 
provided antagonists to such polypeptides, which may be used to inhibit 
the action of such polypeptides, for example, in the treatment of 
neoplasia by preventing tumor metastasis. 
In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is 
also provided nucleic acid probes comprising nucleic acid molecules of 
sufficient length to specifically hybridize to a nucleic acid sequence of 
the present invention. 
In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are 
provided diagnostic assays for detecting diseases or susceptibility to 
diseases related to mutations in the nucleic acid sequences encoding a 
polypeptide of the present invention. 
In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is 
provided a process for utilizing such polypeptides, or polynucleotides 
encoding such polypeptides, for in vitro purposes related to scientific 
research, for example, synthesis of DNA and manufacture of DNA vectors. 
These and other aspects of the present invention should be apparent to 
those skilled in the art from the teachings herein.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an 
isolated nucleic acid (polynucleotide) which encodes for the mature 
polypeptide having the deduced amino acid sequence of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID 
NO:2). 
A polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the present invention may be 
obtained from activated T-cells, human thymus and human cerebellum. The 
polynucleotide of this invention was discovered in a cDNA library derived 
from human cerebellum. It is structurally related to the Ly-6 
super-family. It contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 131 
amino acid residues. The first 20 amino acids residues represent a 
putative leader sequence and the terminal 29 amino acids represent a GPI 
anchor. Accordingly, the protein may exist as a soluble extracellular 
protein comprising 81 amino acids after the protein is cleaved from the 
GPI anchor and the putative leader portion has been removed. The protein 
exhibits the highest degree of homology at the nucleotide level to murine 
hSca-2 precursor mRNA with 68% identity and 68% similarity over a 185 base 
pair stretch. The protein also exhibits the highest degree of homology at 
the amino acid level to murine Sca-2 precursor with 61.240% identity and 
77.519% similarity over the entire amino acid stretch. The molecular 
weight is 13494.70; the molar extinction coefficient is 3760 and the 
isoelectric point is 7.79. 
The polypeptide of the present invention contains conserved motifs 
characteristic of members of the Ly-6 super-family. The conserved cysteine 
residues are conserved in the polypeptide of the present invention, 
namely, 10 cysteines are shown and are located in similar positions to 
other members of the family. For example, there are three amino acids 
between cysteine 6 and cysteine 7 and cysteine 8 and cysteine 9 are 
adjacent. Further, the GPI anchor comprises a stretch hydrophobic amino 
acids which is present in the polypeptide of the present invention and a 
terminal alanine residue on the mature protein is present directly prior 
to the GPI anchor. 
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there are 
provided isolated polynucleotides encoding a mature polypeptide expressed 
by the DNA contained in ATCC Deposit No. 97301, deposited with the 
American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, 
Va. 20110-2209, USA, on Sep. 25, 1995. The deposited material is a cDNA 
encoding the full-length hSca-2 polypeptide inserted into a pBluescript 
SK(-) vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.). 
The deposit(s) has been made under the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the 
International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for purposes 
of Patent Procedure. The strain will be irrevocably and without 
restriction or condition released to the public upon the issuance of a 
patent. These deposits are provided merely as convenience to those of 
skill in the art and are not an admission that a deposit is required under 
35 U.S.C. .sctn.112. The sequence of the polynucleotides contained in the 
deposited materials, as well as the amino acid sequence of the 
polypeptides encoded thereby, are controlling in the event of any conflict 
with any description of sequences herein. A license may be required to 
make, use or sell the deposited materials, and no such license is hereby 
granted. 
The polynucleotide of the present invention may be in the form of RNA or in 
the form of DNA, which DNA includes cDNA, genomic DNA, and synthetic DNA. 
The DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded, and if single stranded 
may be the coding strand or non-coding (anti-sense) strand. The coding 
sequence which encodes the mature polypeptide may be identical to the 
coding sequence shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or may be a different coding 
sequence, which coding sequence, as a result of the redundancy or 
degeneracy of the genetic code, encodes the same mature polypeptide as the 
DNA of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1). 
The polynucleotide which encodes for the mature polypeptide of FIG. 1 (SEQ 
ID NO:2) may include, but is not limited to: only the coding sequence for 
the mature polypeptide; the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide and 
additional coding sequence such as a leader or secretory sequence, a 
proprotein sequence and a membrane anchor; the coding sequence for the 
mature polypeptide (and optionally additional coding sequence) and 
non-coding sequence, such as introns or non-coding sequence 5' and/or 3' 
of the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide. 
Thus, the term "polynucleotide " as used for the present invention 
encompasses a polynucleotide which includes only coding sequence for the 
polypeptide as well as a polynucleotide which includes additional coding 
and/or non-coding sequence. 
The present invention further relates to variants of the hereinabove 
described polynucleotides which encode for fragments, analogs and 
derivatives of the polypeptide having the deduced amino acid sequence of 
FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2). Variants of the polynucleotide may be naturally 
occurring allelic variants of the polynucleotide or a non-naturally 
occurring variant of the polynucleotide. 
Thus, the present invention includes polynucleotides encoding the same 
mature polypeptide as shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2) as well as variants of 
such polynucleotides, which variants encode for a fragment, derivative or 
analog of the polypeptide of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2). Such nucleotide 
variants include deletion variants, substitution variants and addition or 
insertion variants. 
As hereinabove indicated, the polynucleotide may have a coding sequence 
which is a naturally occurring allelic variant of the coding sequence 
shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1). As known in the art, an allelic variant is 
an alternate form of a polynucleotide sequence which may have a 
substitution, deletion or addition of one or more nucleotides, which does 
not substantially alter the function of the encoded polypeptide. 
The present invention also includes polynucleotides, wherein the coding 
sequence for the mature polypeptide may be fused in the same reading frame 
to a polynucleotide sequence which aids in expression and secretion of a 
polypeptide from a host cell, for example, a leader sequence which 
functions as a secretory sequence for controlling transport of a 
polypeptide from the cell and a transmembrane anchor which facilitates 
attachment of the polypeptide to a cellular membrane. The polypeptide 
having a leader sequence is a preprotein and may have the leader sequence 
cleaved by the host cell to form the mature form of the polypeptide. The 
polynucleotides may also encode for a proprotein which is the mature 
protein plus additional 5' amino acid residues. A mature protein having a 
prosequence is a proprotein and is an inactive form of the protein. Once 
the prosequence is cleaved an active mature protein remains. 
Thus, for example, the polynucleotide of the present invention may encode 
for a mature protein, for a protein having a prosequence, for a protein 
having a transmembrane anchor or for a polypeptide having a prosequence, a 
presequence (leader sequence) and a transmembrane anchor. 
The polynucleotides of the present invention may also have the coding 
sequence fused in frame to a marker sequence which allows for purification 
of the polypeptide of the present invention. The marker sequence may be a 
hexahistidine tag supplied by a pQE-9 vector to provide for purification 
of the mature polypeptide fused to the marker in the case of a bacterial 
host, or, for example, the marker sequence may be a hemagglutinin (HA) tag 
when a mammalian host, e.g. COS-7 cells, is used. The HA tag corresponds 
to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein (Wilson, 
I., et al., Cell, 37:767 (1984)). 
The term "gene " means the segment of DNA involved in producing a 
polypeptide chain; it includes regions preceding and following the coding 
region (leader and trailer) as well as intervening sequences (introns) 
between individual coding segments (exons). 
Fragments of the full length polynucleotide of the present invention may be 
used as a hybridization probe for a cDNA library to isolate the full 
length cDNA and to isolate other cDNAs which have a high sequence 
similarity to the gene or similar biological activity. Probes of this type 
preferably have at least 15 bases, may have at least 30 bases and may also 
contain, for example, 50 or more bases. The probe may also be used to 
identify a cDNA clone corresponding to a full length transcript and a 
genomic clone or clones that contain the complete gene including 
regulatory and promotor regions, exons, and introns. An example of a 
screen comprises isolating the coding region of the gene by using the 
known DNA sequence to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe. Labeled 
oligonucleotides having a sequence complementary to that of the gene of 
the present invention are used to screen a library of human cDNA, genomic 
DNA or mRNA to determine which members of the library the probe hybridizes 
to. 
The present invention further relates to polynucleotides which hybridize to 
the hereinabove-described sequences if there is at least 75%, preferably 
at least 90%, and more preferably at least 95% identity between the 
sequences. The present invention particularly relates to polynucleotides 
which hybridize under stringent conditions to the hereinabove-described 
polynucleotides. As herein used, the term "stringent conditions " means 
hybridization will occur only if there is at least 95% and preferably at 
least 97% identity between the sequences. The polynucleotides which 
hybridize to the hereinabove described polynucleotides in a preferred 
embodiment encode polypeptides which either retain substantially the same 
biological function or activity as the mature polypeptide encoded by the 
cDNA of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1). 
Alternatively, the polynucleotide may have at least 15 bases, preferably at 
least 30 bases, and more preferably at least 50 bases which hybridize to a 
polynucleotide of the present invention and which has an identity thereto, 
as hereinabove described, and which may or may not retain activity. For 
example, such polynucleotides may be employed as probes for the 
polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:1, for example, for recovery of the 
polynucleotide or as a diagnostic probe or as a PCR primer. 
Thus, the present invention is directed to polynucleotides having at least 
a 75% identity, preferably at least 90% and more preferably at least a 95% 
identity to a polynucleotide which encodes the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 
and polynucleotides complementary thereto as well as portions thereof, 
which portions have at least 30 consecutive bases and preferably at least 
50 consecutive bases and to polypeptides encoded by such polynucleotides. 
The present invention further relates to a polypeptide which has the 
deduced amino acid sequence of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2), as well as fragments, 
analogs and derivatives of such polypeptide. 
The terms "fragment, " "derivative " and "analog " when referring to the 
polypeptide of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2), means a polypeptide which retains 
essentially the same biological function or activity as such polypeptide. 
Thus, an analog includes a proprotein which can be activated by cleavage 
of the proprotein portion to produce an active mature polypeptide. Such 
fragments, derivatives and analogs must have sufficient similarity to the 
polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 so that activity of the native polypeptide is 
retained. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may be a recombinant polypeptide, 
a natural polypeptide or a synthetic polypeptide, preferably a recombinant 
polypeptide. 
The fragment, derivative or analog of the polypeptide of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID 
NO:2) may be (i) one in which one or more of the amino acid residues are 
substituted with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue 
(preferably a conserved amino acid residue) and such substituted amino 
acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) 
one in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent 
group, or (iii) one in which the mature polypeptide is fused with another 
compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide 
(for example, polyethylene glycol), or (iv) one in which the additional 
amino acids are fused to the mature polypeptide, such as a leader or 
secretory sequence or a sequence which is employed for purification of the 
mature polypeptide or a proprotein sequence. Such fragments, derivatives 
and analogs are deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art 
from the teachings herein. 
The polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention are 
preferably provided in an isolated form, and preferably are purified to 
homogeneity. 
The term "isolated " means that the material is removed from its original 
environment (e.g., the natural environment if it is naturally occurring). 
For example, a naturally-occurring polynucleotide or polypeptide present 
in a living animal is not isolated, but the same polynucleotide or 
polypeptide, separated from some or all of the coexisting materials in the 
natural system, is isolated. Such polynucleotides could be part of a 
vector and/or such polynucleotides or polypeptides could be part of a 
composition, and still be isolated in that such vector or composition is 
not part of its natural environment. 
The polypeptides of the present invention include the polypeptide of SEQ ID 
NO:2 (in particular the mature polypeptide) as well as polypeptides which 
have at least 70% identity to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2, or which 
have, at least 90% similarity (at least 90% identity) to the polypeptide 
of SEQ ID NO:2 and still more preferably at least 95% similarity (still 
more preferably at least 95% identity) to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 
and also include portions of such polypeptides with such portion of the 
polypeptide generally containing at least 30 amino acids and more 
preferably at least 50 amino acids. 
As known in the art "similarity " between two polypeptides is determined by 
comparing the amino acid sequence and its conserved amino acid substitutes 
of one polypeptide to the sequence of a second polypeptide. 
Fragments or portions of the polypeptides of the present invention may be 
employed for producing the corresponding full-length polypeptide by 
peptide synthesis; therefore, the fragments may be employed as 
intermediates for producing the full-length polypeptides. Fragments or 
portions of the polynucleotides of the present invention may be used to 
synthesize full-length polynucleotides of the present invention. 
The present invention also relates to vectors which include polynucleotides 
of the present invention, host cells which are genetically engineered with 
vectors of the invention and the production of polypeptides of the 
invention by recombinant techniques. 
Host cells are genetically engineered (transduced or transformed or 
transfected) with the vectors of this invention which may be, for example, 
a cloning vector or an expression vector. The vector may be, for example, 
in the form of a plasmid, a viral particle, a phage, etc. The engineered 
host cells can be cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as 
appropriate for activating promoters, selecting transformants or 
amplifying the genes of the present invention. The culture conditions, 
such as temperature, pH and the like, are those previously used with the 
host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily 
skilled artisan. 
The polynucleotides of the present invention may be employed for producing 
polypeptides by recombinant techniques. Thus, for example, the 
polynucleotide may be included in any one of a variety of expression 
vectors for expressing a polypeptide. Such vectors include chromosomal, 
nonchromosomal and synthetic DNA sequences, e.g., derivatives of SV40; 
bacterial plasmids; phage DNA; baculovirus; yeast plasmids; vectors 
derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA, viral DNA such as 
vaccinia, adenovirus, fowl pox virus, and pseudorabies. However, any other 
vector may be used as long as it is replicable and viable in the host. 
The appropriate DNA sequence may be inserted into the vector by a variety 
of procedures. In general, the DNA sequence is inserted into an 
appropriate restriction endonuclease site(s) by procedures known in the 
art. Such procedures and others are deemed to be within the scope of those 
skilled in the art. 
The DNA sequence in the expression vector is operatively linked to an 
appropriate expression control sequence(s) (promoter) to direct mRNA 
synthesis. As representative examples of such promoters, there may be 
mentioned: LTR or SV40 promoter, the E. coli. lac or trp, the phage lambda 
P.sub.L promoter and other promoters known to control expression of genes 
in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells or their viruses. The expression vector 
also contains a ribosome binding site for translation initiation and a 
transcription terminator. The vector may also include appropriate 
sequences for amplifying expression. 
In addition, the expression vectors preferably contain one or more 
selectable marker genes to provide a phenotypic trait for selection of 
transformed host cells such as dihydrofolate reductase or neomycin 
resistance for eukaryotic cell culture, or such as tetracycline or 
ampicillin resistance in E. coli. 
The vector containing the appropriate DNA sequence as hereinabove 
described, as well as an appropriate promoter or control sequence, may be 
employed to transform an appropriate host to permit the host to express 
the protein. 
As representative examples of appropriate hosts, there may be mentioned: 
bacterial cells, such as E. coli, Streptomyces, Salmonella typhimurium; 
fungal cells, such as yeast; insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and 
Spodoptera Sf9; animal cells such as CHO, COS or Bowes melanoma; 
adenoviruses; plant cells, etc. The selection of an appropriate host is 
deemed to be within the scope of those skilled in the art from the 
teachings herein. 
More particularly, the present invention also includes recombinant 
constructs comprising one or more of the sequences as broadly described 
above. The constructs comprise a vector, such as a plasmid or viral 
vector, into which a sequence of the invention has been inserted, in a 
forward or reverse orientation. In a preferred aspect of this embodiment, 
the construct further comprises regulatory sequences, including, for 
example, a promoter, operably linked to the sequence. Large numbers of 
suitable vectors and promoters are known to those of skill in the art, and 
are commercially available. The following vectors are provided by way of 
example; Bacterial: pQE70, pQE60, pQE-9 (Qiagen), pBS, pD10, phagescript, 
psiX174, pBluescript SK, pBSKS, pNH8A, pNH16a, pNH18A, pNH46A 
(Stratagene); pTRC99a, pKK223-3, pKK233-3, pDR540, pRIT5 (Pharmacia); 
Eukaryotic: pWLNEO, pSV2CAT, pOG44, pXT1, pSG (Stratagene) pSVK3, pBPV, 
pMSG, pSVL (Pharmacia). However, any other plasmid or vector may be used 
as long as they are replicable and viable in the host. 
Promoter regions can be selected from any desired gene using CAT 
(chloramphenicol transferase) vectors or other vectors with selectable 
markers. Two appropriate vectors are pKK232-8 and pCM7. Particular named 
bacterial promoters include lacI, lacZ, T3, T7, gpt, lambda P.sub.R, 
P.sub.L and trp. Eukaryotic promoters include CMV immediate early, HSV 
thymidine kinase, early and late SV40, LTRs from retrovirus, and mouse 
metallothionein-I. Selection of the appropriate vector and promoter is 
well within the level of ordinary skill in the art. 
In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to host cells 
containing the above-described constructs. The host cell can be a higher 
eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, or a lower eukaryotic cell, 
such as a yeast cell, or the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as 
a bacterial cell. Introduction of the construct into the host cell can be 
effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-Dextran mediated 
transfection, or electroporation (Davis, L., Dibner, M., Battey, I., Basic 
Methods in Molecular Biology, (1986)). 
The constructs in host cells can be used in a conventional manner to 
produce the gene product encoded by the recombinant sequence. 
Alternatively, the polypeptides of the invention can be synthetically 
produced by conventional peptide synthesizers. 
Mature proteins can be expressed in mammalian cells, yeast, bacteria, or 
other cells under the control of appropriate promoters. Cell-free 
translation systems can also be employed to produce such proteins using 
RNAs derived from the DNA constructs of the present invention. Appropriate 
cloning and expression vectors for use with prokaryotic and eukaryotic 
hosts are described by Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory 
Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1989), the disclosure 
of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
Transcription of the DNA encoding the polypeptides of the present invention 
by higher eukaryotes is increased by inserting an enhancer sequence into 
the vector. Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about from 
10 to 300 bp that act on a promoter to increase its transcription. 
Examples include the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication 
origin bp 100 to 270, a cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the 
polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and 
adenovirus enhancers. 
Generally, recombinant expression vectors will include origins of 
replication and selectable markers permitting transformation of the host 
cell, e.g., the ampicillin resistance gene of E. coli and S. cerevisiae 
Trp1 gene, and a promoter derived from a highly-expressed gene to direct 
transcription of a downstream structural sequence. Such promoters can be 
derived from operons encoding glycolytic enzymes such as 
3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), .alpha.-factor, acid phosphatase, or heat 
shock proteins, among others. The heterologous structural sequence is 
assembled in appropriate phase with translation initiation and termination 
sequences, and preferably, a leader sequence capable of directing 
secretion of translated protein into the periplasmic space or 
extracellular medium. Optionally, the heterologous sequence can encode a 
fusion protein including an N-terminal identification peptide imparting 
desired characteristics, e.g., stabilization or simplified purification of 
expressed recombinant product. 
Useful expression vectors for bacterial use are constructed by inserting a 
structural DNA sequence encoding a desired protein together with suitable 
translation initiation and termination signals in operable reading phase 
with a functional promoter. The vector will comprise one or more 
phenotypic selectable markers and an origin of replication to ensure 
maintenance of the vector and to, if desirable, provide amplification 
within the host. Suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation include E. 
coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and various species within 
the genera Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Staphylococcus, although others 
may also be employed as a matter of choice. 
As a representative but nonlimiting example, useful expression vectors for 
bacterial use can comprise a selectable marker and bacterial origin of 
replication derived from commercially available plasmids comprising 
genetic elements of the well known cloning vector pBR322 (ATCC 37017). 
Such commercial vectors include, for example, pKK223-3 (Pharmacia Fine 
Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) and GEM1 (Promega Biotec, Madison, Wis., USA). 
These pBR322 "backbone " sections are combined with an appropriate 
promoter and the structural sequence to be expressed. 
Following transformation of a suitable host strain and growth of the host 
strain to an appropriate cell density, the selected promoter is induced by 
appropriate means (e.g., temperature shift or chemical induction) and 
cells are cultured for an additional period. 
Cells are typically harvested by centrifugation, disrupted by physical or 
chemical means, and the resulting crude extract retained for further 
purification. 
Microbial cells employed in expression of proteins can be disrupted by any 
convenient method, including freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical 
disruption, or use of cell lysing agents, such methods are well known to 
those skilled in the art. 
Various mammalian cell culture systems can also be employed to express 
recombinant protein. Examples of mammalian expression systems include the 
COS-7 lines of monkey kidney fibroblasts, described by Gluzman, Cell, 
23:175 (1981), and other cell lines capable of expressing a compatible 
vector, for example, the C127, 3T3, CHO, HeLa and BHK cell lines. 
Mammalian expression vectors will comprise an origin of replication, a 
suitable promoter and enhancer, and also any necessary ribosome binding 
sites, polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, 
transcriptional termination sequences, and 5' flanking nontranscribed 
sequences. DNA sequences derived from the SV40 splice, and polyadenylation 
sites may be used to provide the required nontranscribed genetic elements. 
The polypeptide can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell 
cultures by methods including ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, 
acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose 
chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity 
chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. 
Protein refolding steps can be used, as necessary, in completing 
configuration of the mature protein. Finally, high performance liquid 
chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps. 
The polypeptides of the present invention may be a naturally purified 
product, or a product of chemical synthetic procedures, or produced by 
recombinant techniques from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host (for example, 
by bacterial, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells in culture). 
Depending upon the host employed in a recombinant production procedure, 
the polypeptides of the present invention may be glycosylated or may be 
non-glycosylated. Polypeptides of the invention may also include an 
initial methionine amino acid residue. 
The polynucleotide and polypeptide of the present invention may be employed 
to stimulate thymocyte maturation and differentiation. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may also be employed to protect 
astrocytes during inflammatory and infectious disorders of the nervous 
system. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may also be employed to prevent 
complement-mediated lysis and activation of endothelial cells for the 
treatment of hyper-acute rejection. In this manner, the polypeptide of the 
present invention may be employed during xenogeneic organ transplantation. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may also be employed to prevent 
and/or treat PNH and the associated disorders, for example, hemolytic 
anemia, pancytopenia and venous thrombosis. Retroviral gene therapy with 
the hSca-2 polynucleotide could also provide a treatment for PNH patients. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may also provide a treatment for 
Alzheimer's disease which is characterized by lysis of neuronal cells. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may also be employed as an 
anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant and as an anti-tumoral agent. 
The polypeptide of the present invention may also be involved in antigen 
presentation to obtain an immune response. Thus, the polypeptide according 
to the invention may be employed to study the immune response in a host as 
it relates to antigen presentation. 
The polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present invention may be 
employed as research reagents and materials for discovery of treatments 
and diagnostics to human disease. 
This invention provides a method for identification of the receptor for 
hSca-2. The gene encoding the receptor can be identified by numerous 
methods known to those of skill in the art, for example, ligand panning 
and FACS sorting (Coligan, et al., Current Protocols in Immun., 1(2), 
Chapter 5, (1991)). Preferably, expression cloning is employed wherein 
polyadenylated RNA is prepared from a cell responsive to hSca-2, and a 
cDNA library created from this RNA is divided into pools and used to 
transfect COS cells or other cells that are not responsive to hSca-2. 
Transfected cells which are grown on glass slides are exposed to labeled 
hSca-2. hSca-2 can be labeled by a variety of means including iodination 
or inclusion of a recognition site for a site-specific protein kinase. 
Following fixation and incubation, the slides are subjected to 
auto-radiographic analysis. Positive pools are identified and sub-pools 
are prepared and re-transfected using an iterative sub-pooling and 
rescreening process, eventually yielding a single clone that encodes the 
putative receptor. As an alternative approach for receptor identification, 
labeled ligand can be photoaffinity linked with cell membrane or extract 
preparations that express the receptor molecule. Cross-linked material is 
resolved by PAGE and exposed to X-ray film. The labeled complex containing 
the ligand-receptor can be excised, resolved into peptide fragments, and 
subjected to protein microsequencing. The amino acid sequence obtained 
from microsequencing would be used to design a set of degenerate 
oligonucleotide probes to screen a cDNA library to identify the gene 
encoding the putative receptor. 
This invention provides a method of screening compounds to identify those 
which enhance (agonists) or block (antagonists) interaction of hSca-2 with 
its receptor. As an example, a mammalian cell or membrane preparation 
expressing the hSca-2 receptor would be incubated with labeled hSca-2 in 
the presence of the compound. The ability of the compound to enhance or 
block this interaction could then be measured. Alternatively, the response 
of a known second messenger system following interaction of hSca-2 and 
receptor would be measured and compared in the presence or absence of the 
compounds. Such second messenger systems include but are not limited to, 
cAMP guanylate cyclase, ion channels or phosphoinositide hydrolysis. 
The present invention also relates to an assay for identifying potential 
antagonists specific to hSca-2. An example of such an assay combines 
hSca-2 and a potential antagonist with membrane-bound hSca-2 receptors or 
recombinant hSca-2 receptors under appropriate conditions for a 
competitive inhibition assay. hSca-2 can be labeled, such as by 
radioactivity, such that the number of hSca-2 molecules bound to the 
receptor will determine the effectiveness of the potential antagonist. 
Potential antagonists include an antibody, or in some cases, an 
oligopeptide, which binds to the polypeptide. Alternatively, a potential 
antagonist may be a closely related protein which binds to the receptor 
sites, however, they are inactive forms of the polypeptide and thereby 
prevent the action of hSca-2 since receptor sites are occupied. 
Another potential antagonist is an antisense construct prepared using 
antisense technology. Antisense technology can be used to control gene 
expression through triple-helix formation or antisense DNA or RNA, both of 
which methods are based on binding of a polynucleotide to DNA or RNA. For 
example, the 5' coding portion of the polynucleotide sequence, which 
encodes for the mature polypeptides of the present invention, is used to 
design an antisense RNA oligonucleotide of from about 10 to 40 base pairs 
in length. A DNA oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to a 
region of the gene involved in transcription (triple helix--see Lee et 
al., Nucl. Acids Res., 6:3073 (1979); Cooney et al, Science, 241:456 
(1988); and Dervan et al., Science, 251: 1360 (1991)), thereby preventing 
transcription and the production of hSca-2. The antisense RNA 
oligonucleotide hybridizes to the mRNA in vivo and blocks translation of 
the mRNA molecule into hSca-2 polypeptide (Antisense--Okano, J. 
Neurochem., 56:560 (1991); Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors 
of Gene Expression, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. (1988)). The 
oligonucleotides described above can also be delivered to cells such that 
the antisense RNA or DNA may be expressed in vivo to inhibit production of 
hSca-2. 
Potential antagonists include a small molecule which binds to and occupies 
the catalytic site of the polypeptide thereby making the catalytic site 
inaccessible to substrate such that normal biological activity is 
prevented. Examples of small molecules include but are not limited to 
small peptides or peptide-like molecules. 
The antagonists may be employed to prevent tumor metastasis of cancer cells 
and therefore to prevent or treat neoplasia. The antagonists may be 
employed in a composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, 
e.g., as hereinafter described. 
The polypeptides of the present invention or antagonists may be employed in 
combination with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. Such compositions 
comprise a therapeutically effective amount of the polypeptide or 
antagonist, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such a 
carrier includes but is not limited to saline, buffered saline, dextrose, 
water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The formulation should 
suit the mode of administration. 
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or 
more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the 
pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Associated with such 
container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental 
agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or 
biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of 
manufacture, use or sale for human administration. In addition, the 
polypeptides of the present invention may be employed in conjunction with 
other therapeutic compounds. 
The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in a convenient manner 
such as by the oral, topical, parenterally, intravenous, intraperitoneal, 
intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal or intradermal routes. The 
pharmaceutical compositions are administered in an amount which is 
effective for treating and/or prophylaxis of the specific indication. In 
general, they are administered in an amount of at least about 10 .mu.g/kg 
body weight and in most cases they will be administered in an amount not 
in excess of about 8 mg/Kg body weight per day. In most cases, the dosage 
is from about 10 .mu.g/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight daily, taking into 
account the routes of administration, symptoms, etc. 
The hSca-2 polypeptides and antagonists which are polypeptides may also be 
employed in accordance with the present invention by expression of such 
polypeptides in vivo, which is often referred to as "gene therapy. " 
Thus, for example, cells from a patient may be engineered with a 
polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) encoding a polypeptide ex vivo, with the 
engineered cells then being provided to a patient to be treated with the 
polypeptide. Such methods are well-known in the art and are apparent from 
the teachings herein. For example, cells may be engineered by the use of a 
retroviral plasmid vector containing RNA encoding a polypeptide of the 
present invention. 
Similarly, cells may be engineered in vivo for expression of a polypeptide 
in vivo by, for example, procedures known in the art. For example, a 
packaging cell is transduced with a retroviral plasmid vector containing 
RNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention such that the 
packaging cell now produces infectious viral particles containing the gene 
of interest. These producer cells may be administered to a patient for 
engineering cells in vivo and expression of the polypeptide in vivo. These 
and other methods for administering a polypeptide of the present invention 
by such method should be apparent to those skilled in the art from the 
teachings of the present invention. 
Retroviruses from which the retroviral plasmid vectors hereinabove 
mentioned may be derived include, but are not limited to, Moloney Murine 
Leukemia Virus, spleen necrosis virus, retroviruses such as Rous Sarcoma 
Virus, Harvey Sarcoma Virus, avian leukosis virus, gibbon ape leukemia 
virus, human immunodeficiency virus, adenovirus, Myeloproliferative 
Sarcoma Virus, and mammary tumor virus. In one embodiment, the retroviral 
plasmid vector is derived from Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus. 
The vector includes one or more promoters. Suitable promoters which may be 
employed include, but are not limited to, the retroviral LTR; the SV40 
promoter; and the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter described in 
Miller, et al., Biotechnicues, Vol. 7, No. 9, 980-990 (1989), or any other 
promoter (e.g., cellular promoters such as eukaryotic cellular promoters 
including, but not limited to, the histone, pol III, and .beta.-actin 
promoters). Other viral promoters which may be employed include, but are 
not limited to, adenovirus promoters, thymidine kinase (TK) promoters, and 
B19 parvovirus promoters. The selection of a suitable promoter will be 
apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings contained herein. 
The nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide of the present invention 
is under the control of a suitable promoter. Suitable promoters which may 
be employed include, but are not limited to, adenoviral promoters, such as 
the adenoviral major late promoter; or hetorologous promoters, such as the 
cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter; the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
promoter; inducible promoters, such as the MMT promoter, the 
metallothionein promoter; heat shock promoters; the albumin promoter; the 
ApoAI promoter; human globin promoters; viral thymidine kinase promoters, 
such as the Herpes Simplex thymidine kinase promoter; retroviral LTRs 
(including the modified retroviral LTRs hereinabove described); the 
.beta.-actin promoter; and human growth hormone promoters. The promoter 
also may be the native promoter which controls the gene encoding the 
polypeptide. 
The retroviral plasmid vector is employed to transduce packaging cell lines 
to form producer cell lines. Examples of packaging cells which may be 
transfected include, but are not limited to, the PE501, 17, .psi.-2, 
.psi.-AM, 2, T19-14X, VT-19-17-H2, .psi.CRE, .psi.CRIP, GP+E-86, 
GP+envAm12, and DAN cell lines as described in Miller, Human Gene Therapy, 
Vol. 1, pgs. 5-14 (1990), which is incorporated herein by reference in its 
entirety. The vector may transduce the packaging cells through any means 
known in the art. Such means include, but are not limited to, 
electroporation, the use of liposomes, and CaPO.sub.4 precipitation. In 
one alternative, the retroviral plasmid vector may be encapsulated into a 
liposome, or coupled to a lipid, and then administered to a host. 
The producer cell line generates infectious retroviral vector particles 
which include the nucleic acid sequence(s) encoding the polypeptides. Such 
retroviral vector particles then may be employed, to transduce eukaryotic 
cells, either in vitro or in vivo. The transduced eukaryotic cells will 
express the nucleic acid sequence(s) encoding the polypeptide. Eukaryotic 
cells which may be transduced include, but are not limited to, embryonic 
stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as hematopoietic stem 
cells, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, myoblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial 
cells, and bronchial epithelial cells. 
This invention is also related to the use of the gene of the present 
invention as a diagnostic. Detection of a mutated form of the gene will 
allow a diagnosis of a disease or a susceptibility to a disease which 
results from expression of a mutated hSca-2 polypeptide. 
Individuals carrying mutations in the gene of the present invention may be 
detected at the DNA level by a variety of techniques. Nucleic acids for 
diagnosis may be obtained from a patient's cells, including but not 
limited to blood, urine, saliva, tissue biopsy and autopsy material. The 
genomic DNA may be used directly for detection or may be amplified 
enzymatically by using PCR (Saiki et al., Nature, 324:163-166 (1986)) 
prior to analysis. RNA or cDNA may also be used for the same purpose. As 
an example, PCR primers complementary to the nucleic acid encoding hSca-2 
can be used to identify and analyze mutations. For example, deletions and 
insertions can be detected by a change in size of the amplified product in 
comparison to the normal genotype. Point mutations can be identified by 
hybridizing amplified DNA to radiolabeled RNA or alternatively, 
radiolabeled antisense DNA sequences. Perfectly matched sequences can be 
distinguished from mismatched duplexes by RNase A digestion or by 
differences in melting temperatures. 
Sequence differences between the reference gene and genes having mutations 
may be revealed by the direct DNA sequencing method. In addition, cloned 
DNA segments may be employed as probes to detect specific DNA segments. 
The sensitivity of this method is greatly enhanced when combined with PCR. 
For example, a sequencing primer is used with double-stranded PCR product 
or a single-stranded template molecule generated by a modified PCR. The 
sequence determination is performed by conventional procedures with 
radiolabeled nucleotide or by automatic sequencing procedures with 
fluorescent-tags. 
Genetic testing based on DNA sequence differences may be achieved by 
detection of alteration in electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments in 
gels with or without denaturing agents. Small sequence deletions and 
insertions can be visualized by high resolution gel electrophoresis. DNA 
fragments of different sequences may be distinguished on denaturing 
formamide gradient gels in which the mobilities of different DNA fragments 
are retarded in the gel at different positions according to their specific 
melting or partial melting temperatures (see, e.g., Myers et al., Science, 
230:1242 (1985)). 
Sequence changes at specific locations may also be revealed by nuclease 
protection assays, such as RNase and S1 protection or the chemical 
cleavage method (e.g., Cotton et al., PNAS, USA, 85:4397-4401 (1985)). 
Thus, the detection of a specific DNA sequence may be achieved by methods 
such as hybridization, RNase protection, chemical cleavage, direct DNA 
sequencing or the use of restriction enzymes, (e.g., Restriction Fragment 
Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)) and Southern blotting of genomic DNA. 
In addition to more conventional gel-electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, 
mutations can also be detected by in situ analysis. 
The present invention also relates to a diagnostic assay for detecting 
altered levels of the polypeptide of the present invention in various 
tissues since an over-expression of the proteins compared to normal 
control tissue samples can detect the presence of neoplasia. Assays used 
to detect levels of the polypeptide of the present invention in a sample 
derived from a host are well-known to those of skill in the art and 
include radioimmunoassays, competitive-binding assays, Western Blot 
analysis and preferably an ELISA assay. An ELISA assay initially comprises 
preparing an antibody specific to the hSca-2 antigen, preferably a 
monoclonal antibody. In addition a reporter antibody is prepared against 
the monoclonal antibody. To the reporter antibody is attached a detectable 
reagent such as radioactivity, fluorescence or in this example a 
horseradish peroxidase enzyme. A sample is now removed from a host and 
incubated on a solid support, e.g. a polystyrene dish, that binds the 
proteins in the sample. Any free protein binding sites on the dish are 
then covered by incubating with a non-specific protein such as bovine 
serum albumin. Next, the monoclonal antibody is incubated in the dish 
during which time the monoclonal antibodies attach to any of the 
polypeptide of the present invention attached to the polystyrene dish. All 
unbound monoclonal antibody is washed out with buffer. The reporter 
antibody linked to horseradish peroxidase is now placed in the dish 
resulting in binding of the reporter antibody to any monoclonal antibody 
bound to the polypeptide of the present invention. Unattached reporter 
antibody is then washed out. Peroxidase substrates are then added to the 
dish and the amount of color developed in a given time period is a 
measurement of the amount of the polypeptide of the present invention 
present in a given volume of patient sample a when compared against a 
standard curve. 
A competition assay may be employed wherein antibodies specific to the 
polypeptide of the present invention are attached to a solid support and 
labeled hSca-2 and a sample derived from the host are passed over the 
solid support and the amount of label detected attached to the solid 
support can be correlated to a quantity of the polypeptide of the present 
invention in the sample. 
The sequences of the present invention are also valuable for chromosome 
identification. The sequence is specifically targeted to and can hybridize 
with a particular location on an individual human chromosome. Moreover, 
there is a current need for identifying particular sites on the 
chromosome. Few chromosome marking reagents based on actual sequence data 
(repeat polymorphisms) are presently available for marking chromosomal 
location. The mapping of DNAs to chromosomes according to the present 
invention is an important first step in correlating those sequences with 
genes associated with disease. 
Briefly, sequences can be mapped to chromosomes by preparing PCR primers 
(preferably 15-25 bp) from the cDNA. Computer analysis of the 3' 
untranslated region of the gene is used to rapidly select primers that do 
not span more than one exon in the genomic DNA, thus complicating the 
amplification process. These primers are then used for PCR screening of 
somatic cell hybrids containing individual human chromosomes. Only those 
hybrids containing the human gene corresponding to the primer will yield 
an amplified fragment. 
PCR mapping of somatic cell hybrids is a rapid procedure for assigning a 
particular DNA to a particular chromosome. Using the present invention 
with the same oligonucleotide primers, sublocalization can be achieved 
with panels of fragments from specific chromosomes or pools of large 
genomic clones in an analogous manner. Other mapping strategies that can 
similarly be used to map to its chromosome include in situ hybridization, 
prescreening with labeled flow-sorted chromosomes and preselection by 
hybridization to construct chromosome specific-cDNA libraries. 
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a cDNA clone to a metaphase 
chromosomal spread can be used to provide a precise chromosomal location 
in one step. This technique can be used with cDNA having at least 50 or 60 
bases. For a review of this technique, see Verma et al., Human 
Chromosomes: a Manual of Basic Techniques, Pergamon Press, New York 
(1988). 
Once a sequence has been mapped to a precise chromosomal location, the 
physical position of the sequence on the chromosome can be correlated with 
genetic map data. Such data are found, for example, in V. McKusick, 
Mendelian Inheritance in Man (available on line through Johns Hopkins 
University Welch Medical Library). The relationship between genes and 
diseases that have been mapped to the same chromosomal region are then 
identified through linkage analysis (coinheritance of physically adjacent 
genes). 
Next, it is necessary to determine the differences in the cDNA or genomic 
sequence between affected and unaffected individuals. If a mutation is 
observed in some or all of the affected individuals but not in any normal 
individuals, then the mutation is likely to be the causative agent of the 
disease. 
With current resolution of physical mapping and genetic mapping techniques, 
a cDNA precisely localized to a chromosomal region associated with the 
disease could be one of between 50 and 500 potential causative genes. 
(This assumes 1 megabase mapping resolution and one gene per 20 kb). 
The polypeptides, their fragments or other derivatives, or analogs thereof, 
or cells expressing them can be used as an immunogen to produce antibodies 
thereto. These antibodies can be, for example, polyclonal or monoclonal 
antibodies. The present invention also includes chimeric, single chain, 
and humanized antibodies, as well as Fab fragments, or the product of an 
Fab expression library. Various procedures known in the art may be used 
for the production of such antibodies and fragments. 
Antibodies generated against the polypeptides corresponding to a sequence 
of the present invention can be obtained by direct injection of the 
polypeptides into an animal or by administering the polypeptides to an 
animal, preferably a nonhuman. The antibody so obtained will then bind the 
polypeptides itself. In this manner, even a sequence encoding only a 
fragment of the polypeptides can be used to generate antibodies binding 
the whole native polypeptides. Such antibodies can then be used to isolate 
the polypeptide from tissue expressing that polypeptide. 
For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique which provides 
antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples 
include the hybridoma technique (Kohler and Milstein, 1975, Nature, 
256:495-497), the trioma technique, the human B-cell hybridoma technique 
(Kozbor et al., 1983, Immunology Today 4:72), and the EBV-hybridoma 
technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies (Cole, et al., 1985, in 
Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96). 
Techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,946,778) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies to 
immunogenic polypeptide products of this invention. Also, transgenic mice 
may be used to express humanized antibodies to immunogenic polypeptide 
products of this invention. 
The present invention will be further described with reference to the 
following examples; however, it is to be understood that the present 
invention is not limited to such examples. All parts or amounts, unless 
otherwise specified, are by weight. 
In order to facilitate understanding of the following examples certain 
frequently occurring methods and/or terms will be described. 
"Plasmids " are designated by a lower case p preceded and/or followed by 
capital letters and/or numbers. The starting plasmids herein are either 
commercially available, publicly available on an unrestricted basis, or 
can be constructed from available plasmids in accord with published 
procedures. In addition, equivalent plasmids to those described are known 
in the art and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan. 
"Digestion " of DNA refers to catalytic cleavage of the DNA with a 
restriction enzyme that acts only at certain sequences in the DNA. The 
various restriction enzymes used herein are commercially available and 
their reaction conditions, cofactors and other requirements were used as 
would be known to the ordinarily skilled artisan. For analytical purposes, 
typically 1 .mu.g of plasmid or DNA fragment is used with about 2 units of 
enzyme in about 20 .mu.l of buffer solution. For the purpose of isolating 
DNA fragments for plasmid construction, typically 5 to 50 .mu.g of DNA are 
digested with 20 to 250 units of enzyme in a larger volume. Appropriate 
buffers and substrate amounts for particular restriction enzymes are 
specified by the manufacturer. Incubation times of about 1 hour at 
37.degree. C. are ordinarily used, but may vary in accordance with the 
supplier's instructions. After digestion the reaction is electrophoresed 
directly on a polyacrylamide gel to isolate the desired fragment. 
Size separation of the cleaved fragments is performed using 8 percent 
polyacrylamide gel described by Goeddel, D. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 
8:4057 (1980). 
"Oligonucleotides " refers to either a single stranded polydeoxynucleotide 
or two complementary polydeoxynucleotide strands which may be chemically 
synthesized. Such synthetic oligonucleotides have no 5' phosphate and thus 
will not ligate to another oligonucleotide without adding a phosphate with 
an ATP in the presence of a kinase. A synthetic oligonucleotide will 
ligate to a fragment that has not been dephosphorylated. 
"Ligation " refers to the process of forming phosphodiester bonds between 
two double stranded nucleic acid fragments (Maniatis, T., et al., Id., p. 
146). Unless otherwise provided, ligation may be accomplished using known 
buffers and conditions with 10 units of T4 DNA ligase ("ligase") per 0.5 
.mu.g of approximately equimolar amounts of the DNA fragments to be 
ligated. 
Unless otherwise stated, transformation was performed as described in the 
method of Graham, F. and Van der Eb, A., Virology, 52:456-457 (1973). 
EXAMPLE 1 
Bacterial Expression and Purification of Soluble Extracellular hSca-2 
The DNA sequence encoding hSca-2, ATCC # 97301, is initially amplified 
using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5' sequences of the 
processed hSca-2 protein (minus the signal peptide sequence) and the 
vector sequences 3' to the hSca-2 gene. Additional nucleotides 
corresponding to Sca-2 were added to the 5' and 3' sequences respectively. 
The 5' oligonucleotide primer has the sequence 5.degree. 
CGCGGATCCATGCTGATGTGCTT 3' (SEQ ID NO:3) contains a BamHI restriction 
enzyme site followed by 14 nucleotides of hSca-2 coding sequence starting 
from the presumed terminal amino acid of the processed protein codon. The 
3' sequence 5' CGCGGATCCCTACGCACTGAAATTGCAC 3' (SEQ ID NO:4) contains 
complementary sequences to BamHI site and is followed by 18 nucleotides of 
hSca-2. The restriction enzyme sites correspond to the restriction enzyme 
sites on the bacterial expression vector pQE-60. (Qiagen, Inc., 
Chatsworth, Calif., 91311). pQE-60 encodes antibiotic resistance 
(Amp.sup.r), a bacterial origin of replication (ori), an IPTG-regulatable 
promoter operator (P/O), a ribosome binding site (RBS), a 6-His tag and 
restriction enzyme sites. pQE-60 was then digested with BamhI. The 
amplified sequences were ligated into pQE-60 and were inserted in frame 
with the sequence encoding for the histidine tag and the RBS. The ligation 
mixture was then used to transform E. coli strain M15/rep 4 (Qiagen, Inc.) 
by the procedure described in Sambrook, J. et al., Molecular Cloning: A 
Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, (1989). M15/rep4 contains 
multiple copies of the plasmid pREP4, which expresses the lacI repressor 
and also confers kanamycin resistance (Kan.sup.r). Transformants are 
identified by their ability to grow on LB plates and ampicillin/kanamycin 
resistant colonies were selected. Plasmid DNA was isolated and confirmed 
by restriction analysis. Clones containing the desired constructs were 
grown overnight (O/N) in liquid culture in LB media supplemented with both 
Amp (100 ug/ml) and Kan (25 ug/ml). The O/N culture is used to inoculate a 
large culture at a ratio of 1:100 to 1:250. The cells were grown to an 
optical density 600 (O.D..sup.600) of between 0.4 and 0.6. IPTG 
("Isopropyl-B-D-thiogalacto pyranoside") was then added to a final 
concentration of 1 mM. IPTG induces by inactivating the lacI repressor, 
clearing the P/O leading to increased gene expression. Cells were grown an 
extra 3 to 4 hours. Cells were then harvested by centrifugation. The cell 
pellet was solubilized in the chaotropic agent 6 Molar Guanidine HCl. 
After clarification, solubilized hSca-2 was purified from this solution by 
chromatography on a Nickel-Chelate column under conditions that allow for 
tight binding by proteins containing the 6-His tag (Hochuli, E. et al., J. 
Chromatography 411:177-184 (1984)). hSca-2 (95% pure was eluted from the 
column in 6 molar guanidine HCl pH 5.0 and for the purpose of renaturation 
adjusted to 3 molar guanidine HCl, 100 mM sodium phosphate, 10 mmolar 
glutathione (reduced) and 2 mmolar glutathione (oxidized). After 
incubation in this solution for 12 hours the protein was dialyzed to 10 
mmolar sodium phosphate. 
EXAMPLE 2 
Cloning and Expression of Soluble Extracellular hSca-2 using the 
Baculovirus Expression System 
The DNA sequence encoding the full length hSca-2 protein, ATCC # 97301, was 
amplified using PCR oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5' and 3' 
sequences of the gene: 
The 5' primer has the sequence 5.degree. CGCGGATCCGCCA TCATGAAGATCTTCTTG 3' 
(SEQ ID NO:5) and contains a BamHI restriction enzyme site (in bold) 
followed by 6 nucleotides resembling an efficient signal for the 
initiation of translation in eukaryotic cells (Kozak, M., J. Mol. Biol., 
196:947-950 (1987) which is just behind the first 15 nucleotides of the 
hSca-2 gene (the initiation codon for translation "ATG" is underlined). 
The 3' primer has the sequence 5.degree. CGCGGATCCCTA CGCACTGAAATTGCAC 3' 
(SEQ ID NO:6) and contains the cleavage site for the restriction 
endonuclease BamHI and 18 nucleotides complementary to the 3' translated 
sequence of the extracellular part of hSca-2. The amplified sequences were 
isolated from a 1% agarose gel using a commercially available kit 
("Geneclean, " BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Calif.). The fragment was then 
digested with the endonucleases BamHI, and purified again on a 1% agarose 
gel. This fragment is designated F2. 
The vector pA2 (modification of pVL941 vector, discussed below) is used for 
the expression of the hSca-2 protein using the baculovirus expression 
system (for review see: Summers, M. D. and Smith, G. E. 1987, A manual of 
methods for baculovirus vectors and insect cell culture procedures, Texas 
Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin No. 1555). This expression 
vector contains the strong polyhedrin promoter of the Autographa 
californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) followed by the 
recognition sites for the restriction endonucleases BamHI. The 
polyadenylation site of the simian virus (SV)40 is used for efficient 
polyadenylation. For an easy selection of recombinant virus the 
beta-galactosidase gene from E.coli is inserted in the same orientation as 
the polyhedrin promoter followed by the polyadenylation signal of the 
polyhedrin gene. The polyhedrin sequences are flanked at both sides by 
viral sequences for the cell-mediated homologous recombination of 
co-transfected wild-type viral DNA. Many other baculovirus vectors could 
be used in place of pA2 such as pRG1 and pA2-GP in which case the 5' 
primer is 5.degree. CGCGGATCCCCTGATGTGCTT 3' (SEQ ID NO:7) and the 3' 
primer is 5.degree. CGCGGATCCCTACAACCCG CCATCGCC 3' (SEQ ID NO:8), pAc373, 
pVL941 and pAcIM1 (Luckow, V. A. and Summers, M. D., Virology, 170:31-39). 
The plasmid was digested with the restriction enzyme BamHI and then 
dephosphorylated using calf intestinal phosphatase by procedures known in 
the art. The DNA was then isolated from a 1% agarose gel using the 
commercially available kit ("Geneclean " BIO 101 Inc., La Jolla, Calif.). 
This vector DNA is designated V2. 
Fragment F2 and the dephosphorylated plasmid V2 were ligated with T4 DNA 
ligase. E.coli HB101 cells were then transformed and bacteria identified 
that contained the plasmid (pBachSca-2) with the hSca-2 gene using the 
enzyme BamHI. The sequence of the cloned fragment was confirmed by DNA 
sequencing. 
5 .mu.g of the plasmid pBachSca-2 was co-transfected with 1.0 .mu.g of a 
commercially available linearized baculovirus ("BaculoGold.TM. baculovirus 
DNA", Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif.) using the lipofection method (Felgner 
et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84:7413-7417 (1987)). 
1 .mu.g of BaculoGold.TM. virus DNA and 5 .mu.g of the plasmid pBachSca-2 
were mixed in a sterile well of a microtiter plate containing 50 .mu.l of 
serum free Grace's medium (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, Md.). 
Afterwards 10 .mu.l Lipofectin plus 90 .mu.l Grace's medium were added, 
mixed and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. Then the 
transfection mixture was added drop-wise to the Sf9 insect cells (ATCC CRL 
1711) seeded in a 35 mm tissue culture plate with 1 ml Grace's medium 
without serum. The plate was rocked back and forth to mix the newly added 
solution. The plate was then incubated for 5 hours at 27.degree. C. After 
5 hours the transfection solution was removed from the plate and 1 ml of 
Grace's insect medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum was added. 
The plate was put back into an incubator and cultivation continued at 
27.degree. C. for four days. 
After four days the supernatant was collected and a plaque assay performed 
similar as described by Summers and Smith (supra). As a modification an 
agarose gel with "Blue Gal " (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg) was 
used which allows an easy isolation of blue stained plaques. (A detailed 
description of a "plaque assay " can also be found in the user's guide for 
insect cell culture and baculovirology distributed by Life Technologies 
Inc., Gaithersburg, page 9-10). 
Four days after the serial dilution, the virus was added to the cells and 
blue stained plaques were picked with the tip of an Eppendorf pipette. The 
agar containing the recombinant viruses was then resuspended in an 
Eppendorf tube containing 200 .mu.l of Grace's medium. The agar was 
removed by a brief centrifugation and the supernatant containing the 
recombinant baculovirus was used to infect Sf9 cells seeded in 35 mm 
dishes. Four days later the supernatants of these culture dishes were 
harvested and then stored at 4.degree. C. 
Sf9 cells were grown in Grace's medium supplemented with 10% 
heat-inactivated FBS. The cells were infected with the recombinant 
baculovirus V-hSca-2 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2. Six hours 
later the medium was removed and replaced with SF900 II medium minus 
methionine and cysteine (Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg). 42 hours 
later 5 .mu.Ci of .sup.35 S-methionine and 5 .mu.Ci .sup.35 S cysteine 
(Amersham) were added. The cells were further incubated for 16 hours 
before they were harvested by centrifugation and the labelled proteins 
visualized by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. 
EXAMPLE 3 
Expression of Recombinant hSca-2 in COS Cells 
The expression of plasmid, hSca-2 HA is derived from a vector pcDNAI/Amp 
(Invitrogen) containing: 1) SV40 origin of replication, 2) ampicillin 
resistance gene, 3) E.coli replication origin, 4) CMV promoter followed by 
a polylinker region, an SV40 intron and polyadenylation site. A DNA 
fragment encoding the entire hSca-2 precursor and a HA tag fused in frame 
to its 3' end was cloned into the polylinker region of the vector, 
therefore, the recombinant protein expression is directed under the CMV 
promoter. The HA tag corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza 
hemagglutinin protein as previously described (I. Wilson, H. Niman, R. 
Heighten, A Cherenson, M. Connolly, and R. Lerner, 1984, Cell 37:767, 
(1984)). The infusion of HA tag to the target protein allows easy 
detection of the recombinant protein with an antibody that recognizes the 
HA epitope. 
The plasmid construction strategy is described as follows: 
The DNA sequence encoding hSca-2, ATCC # 97301, was constructed by PCR 
using two primers: the 5' primer 5' CGCGGATCCGCCATCATGAAGATCTTCTTG 3' (SEQ 
ID NO:9) contains a BamHI site followed by hSca-2 coding sequence starting 
from the initiation codon; the 3' sequence 5' GCGCTCTAGATCAA 
GCGTAGTCTGGGACGTCGTATGGGTACAACCCGCCATCGCCCGCACTGAAATTGCAC3' (SEQ ID NO:10) 
contains complementary sequences to XbaI site, translation stop codon, HA 
tag and hSca-2 coding sequence (not including the stop codon). Therefore, 
the PCR product contains a BamHI site, hSca-2 coding sequence followed by 
HA tag fused in frame, a translation termination stop codon next to the HA 
tag, and an XbaI site. The PCR amplified DNA fragment and the vector, 
pcDNAI/Amp, were digested with BamHI and XbaI restriction enzyme and 
ligated. The ligation mixture was transformed into E. coli strain SURE 
(available from Stratagene Cloning Systems, 11099 North Torrey Pines Road, 
La Jolla, Calif. 92037) the transformed culture was plated on ampicillin 
media plates and resistant colonies were selected. Plasmid DNA was 
isolated from transformants and examined by restriction analysis for the 
presence of the correct fragment. For expression of the recombinant hSca-2 
COS cells were transfected with the expression vector by DEAE-DEXTRAN 
method (J. Sambrook, E. Fritsch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A 
Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Laboratory Press, (1989)). The expression 
of the hSca-2 HA protein was detected by radiolabelling and 
immunoprecipitation method (E. Harlow, D. Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory 
Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, (1988)). Cells were labelled 
for 8 hours with .sup.35 S-cysteine two days post transfection. Culture 
media was then collected and cells were lysed with detergent (RIPA buffer 
(150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.1 SDS, 1% NP-40, 0.5% DOC, 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5) 
(Wilson, I. et al., Id. 37:767 (1984)). Both cell lysate and culture media 
were precipitated with an HA specific monoclonal antibody. Proteins 
precipitated were analyzed on 15% SDS-PAGE gels. 
EXAMPLE 4 
Expression via Gene Therapy 
Fibroblasts are obtained from a subject by skin biopsy. The resulting 
tissue is placed in tissue-culture medium and separated into small pieces. 
Small chunks of the tissue are placed on a wet surface of a tissue culture 
flask, approximately ten pieces are placed in each flask. The flask is 
turned upside down, closed tight and left at room temperature over night. 
After 24 hours at room temperature, the flask is inverted and the chunks 
of tissue remain fixed to the bottom of the flask and fresh media (e.g., 
Ham's F12 media, with 10% FBS, penicillin and streptomycin, is added. This 
is then incubated at 37.degree. C. for approximately one week. At this 
time, fresh media is added and subsequently changed every several days. 
After an additional two weeks in culture, a monolayer of fibroblasts 
emerge. The monolayer is trypsinized and scaled into larger flasks. 
pMV-7 (Kirschmeier, P. T. et al, DNA, 7:219-25 (1988) flanked by the long 
terminal repeats of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus, is digested with 
EcoRI and HindIII and subsequently treated with calf intestinal 
phosphatase. The linear vector is fractionated on agarose gel and 
purified, using glass beads. 
The cDNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention is amplified using 
PCR primers which correspond to the 5' and 3' end sequences respectively. 
The 5' primer containing an EcoRI site and the 3' primer further includes 
a HindIII site. Equal quantities of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus 
linear backbone and the amplified EcoRI and HindIII fragment are added 
together, in the presence of T4 DNA ligase. The resulting mixture is 
maintained under conditions appropriate for ligation of the two fragments. 
The ligation mixture is used to transform bacteria HB101, which are then 
plated onto agar-containing kanamycin for the purpose of confirming that 
the vector had the gene of interest properly inserted. 
The amphotropic pA317 or GP+am12 packaging cells are grown in tissue 
culture to confluent density in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) 
with 10% calf serum (CS), penicillin and streptomycin. The MSV vector 
containing the gene is then added to the media and the packaging cells are 
transduced with the vector. The packaging cells now produce infectious 
viral particles containing the gene (the packaging cells are now referred 
to as producer cells). 
Fresh media is added to the transduced producer cells, and subsequently, 
the media is harvested from a 10 cm plate of confluent producer cells. The 
spent media, containing the infectious viral particles, is filtered 
through a millipore filter to remove detached producer cells and this 
media is then used to infect fibroblast cells. Media is removed from a 
sub-confluent plate of fibroblasts and quickly replaced with the media 
from the producer cells. This media is removed and replaced with fresh 
media. If the titer of virus is high, then virtually all fibroblasts will 
be infected and no selection is required. If the titer is very low, then 
it is necessary to use a retroviral vector that has a selectable marker, 
such as neo or his. 
The engineered fibroblasts are then injected into the host, either alone or 
after having been grown to confluence on cytodex 3 microcarrier beads. The 
fibroblasts now produce the protein product. 
Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible 
in light of the above teachings and, therefore, within the scope of the 
appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as 
particularly described. 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
# SEQUENCE LISTING 
- (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: 
- (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 11 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 1163 BA - #SE PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #1: 
- GGACCGGGGG GCTCCGGGCC AGCCGCGGTC CAGAGCGCGC AAGGTTCGGG GA - #GCTCGGCC 
60 
- AGGCTGCTGG TACCTGCTTC CGCCCGGCGG ACAGGCTGCT TTGGTTTGTA AC - #CTCCAGGC 
120 
#GTG CTG CTG GCT 171 ATG AAG ATC TTC TTG CCA 
Met Lys Ile Phe Leu Pro Val Leu Leu Ala 
- #15 
- GCC CTT CTG GGT GTG GAG CGA GCC AGC TCG CT - #G ATG TGC TTC TCC TGC 
219 
Ala Leu Leu Gly Val Glu Arg Ala Ser Ser Le - #u Met Cys Phe Ser Cys 
# 1 5 
- TTG AAC CAG AAG AGC AAT CTG TAC TGC CTG AA - #G CCG ACC ATC TGC TCC 
267 
Leu Asn Gln Lys Ser Asn Leu Tyr Cys Leu Ly - #s Pro Thr Ile Cys Ser 
#20 
- GAC CAG GAC AAC TAC TGC GTG ACT GTG TCT GC - #T AGT GCC GGC ATT GGG 
315 
Asp Gln Asp Asn Tyr Cys Val Thr Val Ser Al - #a Ser Ala Gly Ile Gly 
#35 
- AAT CTG GTG ACA TTT GGC CAC AGC CTG AGC AA - #G ACC TGT TCC CCG GCC 
363 
Asn Leu Val Thr Phe Gly His Ser Leu Ser Ly - #s Thr Cys Ser Pro Ala 
#50 
- TGC CCC ATC CCA GAA GGC GTC AAT GTT GGT GT - #G GCT TCC ATG GGC ATC 
411 
Cys Pro Ile Pro Glu Gly Val Asn Val Gly Va - #l Ala Ser Met Gly Ile 
#70 
- AGC TGC TGC CAG AGC TTT CTG TGC AAT TTC AG - #T GCG GGC GAT GGC GGG 
459 
Ser Cys Cys Gln Ser Phe Leu Cys Asn Phe Se - #r Ala Gly Asp Gly Gly 
#85 
- CTG CGG GCA AGC GTC ACC CTG CTG GGT GCC GG - #G CTG CTG CTG AGC CTG 
507 
Leu Arg Ala Ser Val Thr Leu Leu Gly Ala Gl - #y Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu 
#95 1 - #00 
- CTG CCG GCC CTG CTG CGG TTT GGC CCC TGA CC - #GCCCAGAC CCTGTCCCCC 
557 
Leu Pro Ala Leu Leu Arg Phe Gly Pro 
105 1 - #10 
- GATCCCCCAG CTCAGGAAGG AAAGCCCAGC CCTTTCTGGA TCCCACAGTG TA - #TGGGAGCC 
617 
- CCTGACTCCT CACGTGCCTG ATCTGTGCCC TTGGTCCCAG GTCAGGCCCA CC - #CCCTGCAC 
677 
- CTCCACCTGC CCCAGCCCCT GCCTCTGCCC CAAGTGGGGC CAGCTGCCCT CA - #CTTCTGGG 
737 
- GTGGATGATG TGACCTTCCT TGGGGGACTG CGGAAGGGAC GAGGGTTCCC TG - #GAGTCTTA 
797 
- CGGTCCAACA TCAGGACCAA GTCCCATGGA CATGCTGACA GGGTCCCCAG GG - #AGACCGTG 
857 
- TCAGTAGGGA TGTGTGCCTG GCTGTGTACG TGGGTGTGCA GTGCACGTGA GA - #GCACGTGG 
917 
- CGGCTTCTGG GGGCCATGTT TGGGGAGGGA GGTGTGCCAG CAGCCTGGAG AG - #CCTCAGTC 
977 
- CCTGTAGCCC CCTGCCCTGG CACAGCTGCA TGCACTTCAA GGGCAGCCTT TG - #GGGGTTGG 
1037 
- GGTTTCTGCC ACTTCCGGGT CTAGGCCCTG CCCCAAATCC AGCCAGTCCT GC - #CCCAGCCC 
1097 
- ACCCCCACAT TGGAGCCCTC CTGCTGCTTT GGTGCCTCAA ATAAATACAG AT - #GTCCCCCA 
1157 
# 1163 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 131 AMI - #NO ACIDS 
(B) TYPE: AMINO ACI - #D 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: PROTEIN 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #2: 
- Met Lys Ile Phe Leu Pro Val Leu Leu Ala Al - #a Leu Leu Gly Val 
- #10 
- Glu Arg Ala Ser Ser Leu Met Cys Phe Ser Cy - #s Leu Asn Gln Lys 
# 10 
- Ser Asn Leu Tyr Cys Leu Lys Pro Thr Ile Cy - #s Ser Asp Gln Asp 
# 25 
- Asn Tyr Cys Val Thr Val Ser Ala Ser Ala Gl - #y Ile Gly Asn Leu 
# 35 
- Val Thr Phe Gly His Ser Leu Ser Lys Thr Cy - #s Ser Pro Ala Cys 
# 50 
- Pro Ile Pro Glu Gly Val Asn Val Gly Val Al - #a Ser Met Gly Ile 
# 65 
- Ser Cys Cys Gln Ser Phe Leu Cys Asn Phe Se - #r Ala Gly Asp Gly 
# 80 
- Gly Leu Arg Ala Ser Val Thr Leu Leu Gly Al - #a Gly Leu Leu Leu 
# 100 
- Ser Leu Leu Pro Ala Leu Leu Arg Phe Gly Pr - #o 
# 110 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 23 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #3: 
# 23TGTG CTT 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 28 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #4: 
# 28 CTGA AATTGCAC 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 30 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #5: 
# 30 TGAA GATCTTCTTG 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 28 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #6: 
# 28 CTGA AATTGCAC 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 21 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #7: 
#21 TGCT T 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 27 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #8: 
# 27 CCGC CATCGCC 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 30 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #9: 
# 30 TGAA GATCTTCTTG 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 71 BASE - # PAIRS 
(B) TYPE: NUCLEIC A - #CID 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: SING - #LE 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Oligonucleotide 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #10: 
- GCGCTCTAGA TCAAGCGTAG TCTGGGACGT CGTATGGGTA CAACCCGCCA TC - #GCCCGCAC 
60 
# 71 
- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11: 
- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 
(A) LENGTH: 138 AMI - #NO ACIDS 
(B) TYPE: AMINO ACI - #D 
(C) STRANDEDNESS: 
(D) TOPOLOGY: LINEAR 
- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: PROTEIN 
- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #11: 
- Met Ser Ala Thr Ser Asn Met Arg Val Phe Le - #u Pro Val Leu Leu 
#15 
- Ala Ala Leu Leu Gly Met Glu Gln Val His Se - #r Leu Met Cys Phe 
# 30 
- Ser Cys Thr Asp Gln Lys Asn Asn Ile Asn Cy - #s Leu Trp Pro Val 
# 45 
- Ser Cys Gln Glu Lys Asp His Tyr Cys Ile Th - #r Leu Ser Ala Ala 
# 60 
- Ala Gly Phe Gly Asn Xaa Val Asn Leu Gly Ty - #r Thr Leu Asn Lys 
# 75 
- Gly Cys Ser Pro Ile Cys Pro Ser Glu Asn Va - #l Asn Leu Asn Leu 
# 90 
- Gly Val Ala Ser Val Asn Ser Tyr Cys Cys Gl - #n Ser Ser Phe Cys 
# 105 
- Asn Phe Ser Ala Ala Gly Leu Gly Leu Arg Al - #a Ser Ile Pro Leu 
# 120 
- Leu Gly Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Ser Leu Leu Xa - #a Ala Leu Leu Gln 
# 135 
- Leu Ser Pro 
__________________________________________________________________________