Transmitter/receiver for generating transmitting data signal in synchronization with received data signal

A transmitter/receiver applicable as an interface circuit in ISDN terminals is disclosed. In externally designated total phase deviation measurement mode, the delay time caused by a receiver circuit and a driver circuit, i.e. a phase difference, is predetected by a phase comparator. The detected phase difference signal is stored in a phase control circuit, and the phase control circuit controls the pahse of a periodical timing signal generated from a PLL circuit. Therefore, as a data buffer applies a transmitting data to the driver circuit 7 in response to the phase control timing signal, the phase difference of the transmitting data signal generated from the driver circuit relative to the received data signal is made to be the minimum.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The invention generally relates to a transmitter/receiver, and particularly 
to a transmitter/receiver for generating a transmitting data signal in 
synchronization with a received data signal. The invention has particular 
applicability to a transmitter/receiver for the Integrated Service Digital 
Network (ISDN). 
2. Description of the Background Art 
The Integrated Service Digital Network (referred to as ISDN hereinafter) is 
known as a system for implementing various kinds of communication such as 
telephone, facsimile communication, data communication and video 
communication by digitized networks. In conventional communication systems 
prior to ISDN, interfaces between user's terminal equipments and each of 
the communication networks have been adapted for fixed usages, such as use 
for telephone and use for data communication. However, in ISDN, a unified 
interface is defined for the purpose of the above mentioned various 
services. This interface is called the multipurpose user network interface 
and clearly defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone 
Consulative Committee (referred to as CCITT hereinafter). 
An application of ISDN is shown in FIG. 7. Referring to FIG. 7, in ISDN, an 
ISDN exchanger 18 at a telephone office and ISDN terminal equipments at a 
user's home (TE) are connected through a telephone line 28. With a network 
termination equipment (NT) 100 provided at the user's home, the telephone 
line 28 and a 4-wire home bus are connected therewith. Each ISDN terminal 
is connected to the network termination equipment 100 through the 4-wire 
home bus 19. At the network termination equipment 100 and each 
input/output section of ISDN terminals, a transmitter/receiver 27 is 
provided as an interface circuit to transmit and receive data signals 
between each other through the 4-wire home bus 19. 
As an example of an ISDN terminal, a simplified block diagram of a 
telephone 20 is shown in FIG. 8. Referring to FIG. 8, the telephone 20 
comprises the transmitter/receiver 27 connected to the 4-wire home bus 19 
through a signal transmit/receive transformer 1, an LAPD (Link Access 
Procedure D channel) controller 22 for performing the layer 2 function of 
an ISDN basic interface, a microprocessor 23 for performing the layer 3 
function of the ISDN basic interface, a key pad 24, a CODEC 
(coder/decoder) device 25 for coding and decoding audio signals, and a 
handset 26. The transmitter/receiver 27 is provided to implement the layer 
1 function of the ISDN basic interface. The 4-wire home bus line 19 
comprises a transmitting bus 19a for transmitting transmitted signals from 
the telephone 20 and a receiving bus 19b for transmitting a received 
signal to be applied to the telephone 20. 
In operation, a received signal transmitted through the receiving bus 19b 
is received by the transmitter/receiver 27 through the transformer 1. The 
received signal is applied to the CODEC device 25 through the LAPD 
controller 22. The CODEC device 25 converts the received signal into a 
sound signal and then applies the converted signal to the handset 26. The 
sound signal generated from the handset 26 is converted to a digital 
signal by the CODEC device 25. The converted digital sound signal is 
applied to the transmitter/receiver 27 through the LAPD controller 22. The 
transmitter/receiver 27 supplies the converted digital sound signal to the 
transmitting bus 19a as a transmitting signal through the transformer 1. 
The conventional transmitter/receiver 27 in FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9. 
Referring to FIG. 9, this transmitter/receiver 27 comprises a receiver 
circuit 2 connected to the receiving bus 19b through a receiving 
transformer 1a, a data buffer 3 for holding a received data signal S3, a 
phase locked loop (referred to as PLL hereinafter) circuit 4 for 
generating a periodical timing signal S5 in synchronization with the 
received data signal S3, a data buffer 6 for holding transmitting data Dt 
applied from the LAPD controller 22 in response to the periodical timing 
signal S5, and a driver circuit 7 for driving the transmitting bus 19a in 
response to the held transmitting data Dt. 
In operation, a received data signal is applied to the receiver 2 through 
the receiving bus 19b and receiving transformer 1a. The receiver 2 
waveform-shapes the received data signal and applies the waveform-shaped 
signal S3 to the data buffer 3 and the PLL circuit 4. The data buffer 3, 
after holding the applied data signal S3, transmits the held signal to the 
LAPD controller 22 as received data Dr. The PLL circuit 4, in response to 
the received data signal S3, generates a periodical timing signal S5, and 
applies it to the data buffer 6. The data buffer 6, in response to the 
applied timing signal S5, holds the received data Dt from the LAPD 
controller 22. The driver circuit 7, in response to the transmitting data 
held by the data buffer 6, drives the transmitting bus 19a through the 
transmitting transformer 1b. 
The change in timing of signals and the waveforms in the circuit of FIG. 9 
are shown in FIG. 10. Referring to FIG. 10, the received data signal S1 
transmitted through the receiving bus 19b, as indicated in FIG. 10, has 
had its waveform changed. This change of waveform depends on the frequency 
characteristic of the receiving bus 19b. The receiver 2, upon receiving 
this received data signal S1, outputs the waveform shaped signal S3. 
Therefore, as indicated in FIG. 10, the signal S3 has delay .DELTA.t3 in 
comparison with the signal S1. Moreover, the PLL circuit 4, in response to 
this signal S3, generates the periodical timing signal S5 and the data 
buffer 6, in response to the signal S5, holds the transmitting data Dt. 
Since the driver circuit 7 drives the transmitting bus 19a in response to 
the transmitting data held within the data buffer 6, the transmitting 
signal S2 which appears on the transmitting bus 19a is further delayed by 
time .DELTA.t4 compared to the rising timing of the signal S5. As a 
result, the transmitting signal S2 on the transmitting bus 19a is to be 
delayed by time .DELTA.t5 (=.DELTA.t3+.DELTA.t4) compared to the rising 
timing of the received signal S1. The time delay .DELTA.t4 is caused 
mainly by the driver circuit 7. This is because the driver circuit 7 has 
to drive the transmitting bus 19a having a large load. 
Referring to FIG. 11, the connection between the network termination 
equipment (NT) 100 and the ISDN terminals TE1 and TE2 is shown. The 
terminals TE1 and TE2 are connected to the network termination equipment 
100 through the transmitting bus 19a and the receiving bus 19b 
respectively. Each of the terminals TE1 and TE2 and the network 
termination equipment 100 is provided with the transmitter/receiver 27 for 
transmission and reception of data signals. 
The two terminals TE1 and TE2 connected to the network termination 
equipment 100 can be used simultaneously. That is, data are transmitted 
and received by the two terminals TE1 and TE2 through time division. Since 
the transmission and reception of data are performed through time 
division, the ISDN terminal is generally needed to generate a transmitting 
data signal in synchronization with a received data signal. This 
requirement is defined in the above mentioned recommendation I.430 (basic 
user network interface) by CCITT. 
FIG. 12 shows a relation between generation timings of a received data 
signal RX1 and a transmitting data signal TX1 at one ISDN terminal. 
Generally, an ISDN terminal generates the transmitting data signal TX1 in 
response to a periodical timing signal generated based on the received 
data signal RX1. Therefore, as indicated in FIG. 12, the change timing of 
the transmitting data signal TX1 is delayed by .DELTA.t1 from the change 
timing of the received data signal RX1. According to the recommendation 
I.430 by CCITT, this time delay .DELTA.t1 is required to be within the 
range between -7% and +15% of one bit period. This time delay .DELTA.t1 is 
referred to as a total phase deviation in the recommendation I.430. 
Generally, more than 2 ISDN terminals are connected to one network 
termination equipment through a 4-wire home bus. Two of the ISDN terminals 
can be used simultaneously. That is, these two terminals transmit and 
receive data signals through one network termination equipment through 
time division. For example, as indicated in FIG. 11 the case in which the 
two terminals TE1 and TE2 are used simultaneously, is described in the 
following. 
The terminal TE1 outputs the transmitting data signal TX1 in 
synchronization with the received data signal RX1. Likewise, the terminal 
TE2 outputs the transmitting data signal TX2 in synchronization with the 
received data signal RX2. The received data signals TX1 and TX2 have the 
above mentioned delay compared to the received data signals RX1 and RX2. 
Two transmitting data signals TX1 and TX2 are overlapped on one 
transmitting bus 19a, through which the signals are transmitted to the 
network termination equipment 100. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, when 
the transmitting data signals TX1 and TX2 having the phase difference 
.DELTA.t6 are overlapped on the transmitting bus 19a, a transmitting data 
signal TX (=TX1+TX2) having the waveform as shown is obtained. This 
transmitting data signal TX indicates a stable value during the time 
.DELTA.t7 in the central part of each pulse waveform. 
As can be understood from the waveform of the transmitting data signal TX 
shown in FIG. 13, it is noted that the larger the phase difference 
.DELTA.t6 between two transmitting data signals TX1 and TX2 becomes, the 
shorter the period .DELTA.t7 representing the stable value in the 
overlapped signal TX becomes. In other words, the above mentioned 
recommendation I.430 by CCITT requests that the phase difference .DELTA.t1 
between the received data signal RX1 and the transmitting data signal TX1 
at each terminal lies within the given range, in order to secure the 
length of this stable period .DELTA.t7. 
As shown in FIG. 10, the conventional transmitter/receiver 27 outputs the 
transmitted data signal S2 delayed by the phase difference .DELTA.t5 
compared to the received data signal S1. As this phase difference 
.DELTA.t5 becomes larger, the transmitter/receiver satisfying the 
requirement of the recommendation I.430 can not be obtained. As a result, 
the period .DELTA.t7 shown in FIG. 13 becomes shorter and a transmitting 
data signal generated from each terminal will not be transmitted to the 
network termination equipment 100 correctly. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
One object of the present invention is to carry out transmission and 
reception of a data signal accurately in a transmitter/receiver which 
transmits a transmitting data signal in synchronization with a received 
data signal. 
Another object of the present invention is to reduce the phase difference 
between a transmitting data signal and a received data signal in a 
transmitter/receiver which generates the transmitting signal in 
synchronization with the received data signal. 
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a 
transmitter/receiver in accordance with the recommendation of CCITT I.430. 
Briefly, the transmitter/receiver in accordance with this invention 
transmits a transmitting data signal through a transmitting bus line in 
synchronization with a received data signal received through a receiving 
bus line. This transmitter/receiver includes a receiving circuit for 
receiving the received data signal through a receiving bus line, and a 
periodical timing signal generation circuit generating a periodical timing 
signal in synchronization with the received data signal. A transmitting 
data generation circuit generates the transmitting data signal in response 
to the periodical timing signal, and a sends circuit transmitting the 
transmitting data signal through the transmitting bus line. In response to 
an externally applied signal designating a predetermined mode, a circuit 
supplies the transmitting data signal generated from the transmitting 
circuit to the receiving circuit. A phase difference detection circuit 
detects the phase difference between the transmitting data signal 
generated from the transmitting circuit and the signal generated from the 
receiving circuit. A timing control circuit controls timing of the supply 
timing signal generated from the periodical timing signal generation 
circuit to the transmitting data generation circuit in response to the 
phase difference detection circuit. 
In operation, when the predetermined mode is externally designated, a 
transmitting data signal generated from the transmitting circuit is 
supplied to the receiving circuit. The phase difference detection circuit 
detects the phase difference between the transmitting data signal 
generated from the transmitting circuit and the transmitting data signal 
generated from the receiving circuit. The timing control circuit, in 
response to the detected phase difference signal, controls the supply 
timing of the timing signal generated from the periodical timing signal 
generation circuit to the transmitting data generation circuit. That is, 
the transmitting data generation circuit is responsive to the timing 
controlled-periodical timing signal to generate the transmitting data 
signal, thereby permitting the phase difference between the transmitting 
data signal and the generated received data signal to be reduced. 
The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the 
present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed 
description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the 
accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In comparison with the conventional transmitter/receiver 27 in FIG. 9, the 
transmitter/receiver 21 shown in FIG. 1 further comprises switches 8a and 
8b for selecting either a received data signal from the receiving bus 19b 
or a signal S8 output from the driver circuit 7, a phase comparator 9 
comparing the phases between an output signal S3 of the receiver circuit 2 
and an output signal S7 of the data buffer 6, and a phase control circuit 
10 controlling the phase of a periodical timing signal S4 generated from 
the PLL circuit 4. A control part 5 is connected to receive a signal Sm 
designating a total phase deviation measuring mode from the LAPD 
controller 22. 
The operation of the transmitter/receiver 21 shown in FIG. 1 will be 
described hereinafter. First, upon reception of a signal Sm for 
designating a total phase deviation measuring mode from the LAPD 
controller 22, the control part 5 generates a switching signal Sx. The 
switches 8a and 8b are responsive to the signal Sx to select an output of 
the driver circuit 7 (i.e. terminal B). Therefore, an output signal S8 
from the driver circuit 7 is applied to the receiver circuit 2 through the 
switches 8a and 8b. The data buffer 6 receives a periodical timing signal 
S4 generated from the PLL circuit 4 through the phase control circuit 10 
(a signal S5) and is responsive to the applied signal S5 to generate a 
transmitting data signal S7 for measurement. The generated signal S7 is 
applied to each of the driver circuit 7 and the phase comparator 9. 
Therefore, the transmitting data signal S7 for measurement is applied to 
the phase comparator 9 as a signal S3 through the driver circuit 7, the 
switches 8a and 8b and the receiver circuit 2. As a result, the signal S3 
output from the receiver circuit 2 will include the total time delay 
caused by the driver circuit 7 and the receiver circuit 2. Therefore, the 
phase comparator 9 detects this total time delay, i.e. the phase 
difference, by comparing the phases of the signals S3 and S7. The phase 
comparator 9 applies the detected phase difference signal S10 to the phase 
control circuit 10. 
Upon receiving a periodical timing signal S4 generated from the PLL circuit 
4, the phase control circuit 10, outputs a signal S5 with its phase 
controlled based on the signal S10. That is, the signal S4 generated from 
the PLL circuit 4 is delayed (or advanced) in accordance with the signal 
S10 representing the phase difference between the signal S3 and S7 so that 
the phase controlled signal S5 is applied to the data buffer 6. Once the 
phase difference between the signal S3 and S7 is measured, the phase 
difference signal S10 will be held within the phase control circuit 10. 
This will complete the measurement of the total phase deviation. 
After completion of the measurement of the total phase deviation, the 
signal Sm will not be applied. Therefore, each of switches 8a and 8b 
selects the terminal A in response to the switching signal Sx. As a 
result, a received data signal on the receiving bus 19a is applied to the 
receiver circuit 2. Therefore, this transmitter/receiver 21 carries out 
the operation similar to that of the conventional transmitter/receiver 27 
shown in FIG. 9. In this case, comparative operation by the phase 
comparator 9 is not performed. The received data signal S3 received by the 
receiver circuit 2 is applied to the PLL circuit 4. The PLL circuit 4 
generates, in synchronization with the applied signal S3, a periodical 
timing signal S4 and apply it to the phase control circuit 10. The 
measured phase difference signal S10 is stored in the phase control 
circuit 10 thereby delaying the signal S4 to reduce the phase difference. 
The delayed signal, i.e. the signal S5 with its phase controlled by the 
phase control circuit 10 is applied to the data buffer 6. The data buffer 
6 holds the transmitting data Dt from the LAPD controller 22 in response 
to the phase control signal S5. The driver circuit 7 is responsive to the 
transmitting data signal S7 held within the data buffer 6 to drive the 
transmitting bus 19a. 
The main signals in the transmitter/receiver 21 shown in FIG. 1 are shown 
in a timing diagram of FIG. 2. In the total phase deviation measurement 
mode, the data buffer 6 generates a data signal S7 (binary code "0, 1, 0, 
1") as shown in FIG. 2. The driver circuit 7 is responsive to the signal 
S7 to output a delayed signal S8 (AMI code). This delay is caused by the 
driver circuit 7. The signal S8 is applied to the receiver circuit 2 
through the switches 8a and 8b. The receiver circuit 2 outputs the signal 
S3 converted into binary code. This signal S3 is delayed compared to the 
signal S8. This delay is caused by the receiver circuit 2. The PLL circuit 
4 generates a periodical timing signal S4 in synchronization with the 
signal S3. The generated signal S4 is applied to the data buffer 6 as a 
signal S5 (assume that the phase control amount by the phase control 
circuit 10 is originally 0). The phase comparator 9 compare the phases of 
the signals S3 and S7 and outputs a phase difference signal S10. This 
signal S10 is stored in the phase control circuit 10 as described above. 
In normal data transmission/reception mode, the phase control circuit 10 
delays a periodical timing signal S4 generated by the PLL circuit 4 in 
accordance with the stored signal S10. Therefore, the phase control 
circuit 10 outputs a phase control timing signal S5' so as to reduce the 
phase difference between the signal S3 and S7. The data buffer 6, outputs 
the transmitting data signal S7 in response to the phase control signal 
S5' thereby reducing the phase difference between the received data signal 
and the transmitting data signal. 
An example of the phase comparator 9 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 3. 
Referring to FIG. 3, this phase comparator 9 comprises three inverters 91, 
92 and 94 and logic elements (Model No.: MC4344) 93. A truth table for 
describing the operation of this logic element 93 is shown in FIG. 4A. 
Referring to FIG. 4A, reference codes Un and Dn represent the present 
states of output terminals U and D while reference codes Un+1 and Dn+1 
represent the states after input signals are applied to each terminal R 
and V. Reference code X represent an arbitrary input signal. 
A circuit diagram of the logic elements 93 in FIG. 3 is shown in FIG. 4B. 
An example of the PLL circuit 4 in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 5. Referring to 
FIG. 5, this PLL circuit 4 comprises a phase comparator 41 connected to 
receive a received data signal S3 output from the receiver circuit 2, a 
low pass filter 42 connected to the output of the phase comparator 41, a 
d.c. amplifier 43 connected to the output of the low pass filter 42, a 
voltage controlled oscillator (referred to as VCO hereinafter) 44 which 
operates in response to the output signal S4 of the d.c. amplifier 43 and 
a frequency divider 45 for dividing the signal generated by VCO 44. The 
phase comparator 41, has one input of which connected to receive the 
signal S3, and has the other input connected to receive a signal generated 
from the frequency divider 45. Thus, the phase locked loop (PLL) is 
constituted. 
In operation, the phase comparator 41 detects the phase difference between 
the signal S3 and the signal output from the frequency divider 45. The 
detected phase difference signal is applied to the d.c. amplifier 43 
through the low pass filter 42. The oscillation frequency of the VCO 44 is 
changed as a function of the signal S4 amplified by the amplifier 43. The 
signal generated from the VCO 44 is applied to the phase comparator 41 
through the frequency divider 45. As the above described feedback 
operation is repeated, a periodical timing signal S4 is obtained in 
synchronization with the applied received data signal S3. That means that 
the frequency of the timing signal S4 changes following the frequency of 
the input signal S3. 
An example of the phase control circuit 10 in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 6. 
Referring to FIG. 6, this phase control circuit 10 comprises an inverter 
31 to receive the phase difference signal S10, a counter 32 to be driven 
by a clock signal .phi. generated from the control part 5, a storage 
circuit 33 for storing an output signal from the counter, and a variable 
delay circuit 34 for delaying a periodical timing signal S4 based on a 
signal stored in the storage circuit 33. The variable delay circuit 34 
delays the timing signal S4 by the time period corresponding to a 
predetermined phase difference and outputs a phase control signal S5. 
In operation, the counter 32 receives a phase difference signal S10 
generated from the phase comparator 9 through the inverter 31. Therefore, 
the counter 32 is enabled when the signal S10 is at a low level. As a 
result, the counter 32 counts the clock signal .phi. only during the 
period when the signal S10 is at a low level as shown in FIG. 2. That is, 
the signal S11 shown in FIG. 2 is counted by the counter 32 and the data 
signal representing the count result is stored in the storage circuit 33. 
That is, the data indicating the phase difference defined by the phase 
difference signal S10 is held in the storage circuit 33 and the time delay 
of the variable delay circuit 34 is controlled based on the held data. 
As described above, since the transmitter/receiver 21 in FIG. 1 includes 
the phase comparator 9, in the total phase deviation measurement mode the 
time delay between the receiver circuit 2 and the driver circuit 7, i.e. 
the phase difference between the signals S3 and S7 is detected. The 
detected phase difference signal S10 is held in the phase control circuit 
10 and the time delay of the periodical timing signal S4 generated from 
the PLL circuit 4 is determined by the held phase difference signal S10. 
As the data buffer 6 holds transmitting data Dt in response to the 
phase-controlled timing signal S5, the driver circuit 7 can output a 
transmitting data signal in synchronization with the received signal by 
the receiver circuit 2, i.e. a transmitting signal with its phase 
difference minimized. Therefore, by applying this transmitter/receiver 21 
to an ISDN terminal, the phase difference .DELTA.t1 between the received 
data signal RX1 and the transmitting data signal TX1 shown in FIG. 12 can 
be reduced to the minimum. As a result, when two ISDN terminals are used 
on a 4-wire home bus simultaneously, the problem of the overlapped signals 
TX shown in FIG. 13 does not occur. Thus, the phase difference .DELTA. t6 
between the two transmitting data signals TX1 and TX2 is reduced and, the 
time period .DELTA.t7 of the overlapped signal TX at a stable signal level 
is secured. As a result, transmitting signals are transmitted from each 
ISDN terminal to the network termination equipment 100 accurately. 
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in 
detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration 
and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit 
and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the 
appended claims.