Process for forming a yarn using a partially oriented carrier filament

The invention provides a process and apparatus for forming a yarn of at least two separate continuous filaments and a plurality of fibers. At least one of the filaments is of a partially oriented thermoplastic material such that when a twisting force is applied, a retained twist is obtained due to inter-molecular slippage in the partially oriented filament.

This invention relates to a process, apparatus and new products produced by 
the process, which are formed of two or more filaments, combined with 
short fibers to form a plied-type yarn. 
There are, at present, certain known processes for forming filaments into 
yarns using short fibers. In one of these process, the use of a 
thermoplastic core or carrier is employed in which the short fibers are 
adhered to the thermoplastic core by placing the short fibers into 
juxtaposition with the core material when it is in a molten and/or tacky 
condition. 
The present process eliminates the need for a thermoplastic core or carrier 
which has to be in a molten condition but at the same time, retains the 
advantageous features of utilizing short fibers in combination with two or 
more filaments of natural or synthetic material, at least one of which is 
a partially oriented structure. 
In accordance with the process of the present invention, there is provided 
a procedure for forming plied-type yarns by the steps of providing a least 
two separate continuous filamentary materials, at least one of which is a 
thermoplastic partially oriented material, providing a source of discrete 
short fibers, advancing said filaments in a given direction between two 
pinch points, subjecting said filaments, between said pinch points, to a 
twisting step, and feeding into juxtaposition with said filaments at a 
point between the first pinch point in the direction of advancement of the 
filamentary materials, and the twisting step, a plurality of said short 
fibers to form said plied-type yarn. 
In greater detail of the process of the present invention, the filamentary 
materials which are used to form the plied-type yarn may be any suitable 
type of filamentary material having the desired properties and 
characteristics which are required in the final plied-type yarn product, 
with the proviso that at least one of the filamentary materials is a 
partially oriented material. Partially oriented materials are well known 
in the art and such materials include, for example, polyesters, 
polyolefins of various types, etc. All of the filamentary materials 
utilized in the process of the present invention can be partially 
oriented; however, it has been found that only one filamentary material 
need be employed which is partially oriented. In the case of utilizing two 
or more partially oriented filaments, the properties of the resulting 
product can be varied according to the type of partially oriented material 
and the number of filaments which have this characteristic. The other 
filamentary materials which are of a non-oriented nature may be any 
suitable filamentary material commonly employed in the textile art and 
typical of such materials include those synthetic and natural materials 
such as those materials derived from polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, 
etc. 
The short fibers used in the process of the present invention may be any 
suitable type, again the properties desired in the end product will 
dictate the type of fibers employed. These fibers may also be of natural 
or synthetic nature. The term "short fibers" has a known meaning in the 
textile art and as such, those known type of fibers can be employed in the 
process of the present invention. In the case of both the filamentary 
materials and the short fibers, the denier may vary considerably again 
depending on the properties desired in the final product. 
In the process of the present invention, various embodiments may be 
employed in which the filamentary materials are preferably fed to a point 
of joinder at an angle greater than 0.degree. but less than 90.degree.. At 
the point of joinder of the filamentary materials or just prior to or 
subsequent to such a point, the short fibers may be introduced into the 
process to combine with the filamentary materials which are placed in 
juxtaposition. 
Following formation of the plied-type yarn, the yarn itself may be 
subjected to various conventional expedients such as passing the yarn over 
a heated roller, etc. in order to alter or modify the properties of 
yarn--e.g., to "set" the yarn and to create a greater softness for the 
yarn. 
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is 
provided an apparatus suitable for carrying out the above-described 
process; the apparatus comprises supply means for supplying at least two 
separate continuous filaments, at least one of which is composed of a 
thermoplastic partially oriented material, means for creating a pair of 
spaced apart pinch points, and means for introducing a plurality of short 
fibers into juxtaposition with said filaments between the point at which 
the twister is located and the first of said pinch points. 
In the apparatus of the present invention, any suitable twister may be 
employed such as those well known in this art for that purpose. The 
apparatus, in one embodiment, may comprise more than one apparatus system 
for producing a plied-type yarn in a machine--i.e., the machine may be a 
dual-headed or a multi-headed machine capable of producing several plied 
yarns from the same machine. In this case, the twister may be of a type 
which can twist two or more yarns simultaneously. 
The supply means for supplying at least two separate continuous filaments 
may be any suitable source such as a length of filamentary material wound 
into a roll or bobbin of the same. The material is merely drawn from the 
roll as required by the apparatus and the process. The means for creating 
a pair of spaced apart pinch points may likewise be any suitable device 
for accomplishing this; in a very simple embodiment, a pair of spaced 
apart rollers achieve this to define the fixed point at each spaced apart 
location; preferably one or both rollers may be rotatably driven in 
time-related sequence to the requirements of the process and the 
apparatus. 
The means for introducing a plurality of short fibers into juxtaposition 
with the filaments may comprise any suitable means for providing such a 
supply of short fibers, whether utilizing such short fibers as the initial 
starting material or alternatively, and more economically, utilizing a 
sliver from which the short fibers are doffed and combed, and projected 
into juxtaposition with the filaments. Lickerin structures per se are well 
known and any suitable lickerin structure accomplishing this purpose may 
be employed. 
It has been known, up until now, for the manufacture of staple fiber spun 
yarns, that it was generally considered impossible to retain a twist 
imparted between two fixed points since the twist imparted above the 
twisting unit is removed by the opposite twist formed below the twisting 
point. Thus, it was necessary in ring spinning to revolve the whole yarn 
package collecting the yarn in the same direction of the twist to retain 
the twist and which prevents linear spun yarn production. 
With the process of this invention the central mono- or multi-filament used 
is in the form of a partially oriented filament which prevents the buildup 
of a counter torque due to inter-molecular slippage to enable the buildup 
and retention of an adequate positive twist in the yarn strand just before 
the linear wind up of the twist containing yarn into any preferred size of 
yarn package. In addition, the short fiber ends are entrapped between the 
filaments and specifically, in the case of three filaments, between the 
two outer filaments and are pulled off any yarn package with an adequate 
slippage tension with the result that loose staple fiber ends, passing 
through a stationary V-shaped groove, which is preferably provided with 
suction slots, are forced to helically wrap around the fiber ends and 
around the inner core of the filamentary package, to form a double 
(opposite to each other) twist configuration resulting in a novel plied 
yarn structure. Such linear spun yarn production will be possible at 
speeds of about 2000 to 3000 feet per minute with linear wind up of the 
yarn into any preferred size, cheese-cake like, yarn package.

Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a typical apparatus in 
section which may be used to carry out the process and produce the 
products of the present invention. To this end, the apparatus is normally 
included within a housing indicated generally by reference numeral 12 
which may be provided with a cover (not shown) for containing the total 
apparatus within a dust-proof arrangement. In the embodiment illustrated, 
a source of three filamentary materials is provided indicated generally by 
reference numerals 20, 22 and 24 in the form of spools of continuous 
filament material. At least one of the filamentary materials 20, 22 or 24 
is of a partially oriented nature--in the arrangement shown, the supply 22 
may comprise for example, partially oriented polyester filaments. Three 
apertures are provided in the housing 12, indicated by reference numeral 
28, for passing the length of filamentary material 26, 30 and 32 into the 
apparatus. In the case of the partially oriented filamentary material 32, 
a pair of cooperating rollers 34 and 36 are provided which form a pinch 
point through which the filamentary material 32 passes. These rollers thus 
constitute a pinch point or provide a fixed point for the filament 32. 
A second fixed point is provided by cooperating rollers 40 and 42, both 
rotating about a fixed axis as do rollers 34 and 36. At least one of the 
rollers 40 and 42 are driven, in this case roller 42, as is the case with 
roller 34 which is likewise driven in a positive manner. 
The rollers 40 and 42 thus provide a second pinch point or in other words, 
a fixed point, between which the yarn and filamentary materials pass. 
Interposed between the two fixed points is a twister 46, which may be any 
suitable twister. In the version illustrated in FIG. 1, the twister is a 
friction twister rotating in the direction of the arrow 48. 
The filaments 26, 28 and 30 are joined on entry to the twister 46 as will 
be seen from FIG. 1; at the point where they are joined or converge at the 
inlet of the twister 46, a supply of short staple fibers is provided by 
any suitable means (not shown) which may be typically of the type 
illustrated subsequently in FIGS. 4, 8 and 9. The supply of short staple 
fibers, being directed to the point of joinder of the filaments 26, 30 and 
32 (as indicated by arrow 50, and which short fibers are generally 
indicated by reference numeral 52), is aided in being positioned relative 
to the point of joinder of the individual filaments, by means of a suction 
device indicated generally by reference numeral 54. To this end, suction 
device 54 may comprise simply a vacuum chamber within a housing with a 
plurality of small apertures 56 therein. In this manner, the short fibers 
are placed into juxtaposition with the filaments and in particular, the 
filament 32. 
As will be seen from FIG. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present 
invention, the filaments 30, 32 and 26 are fed into the twister at an 
angle relative to each other; preferably this angle is between 0.degree. 
to 90.degree.. 
After passing through the twister 46, and as illustrated in FIG. 3, a yarn 
of the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 is obtained. As will be noted 
in FIG. 3, the filaments are essentially twisted in one direction with the 
short fibers intermingled and associated with the filaments and projecting 
from the surface of the filaments. 
After passing through the twister 46, the resulting product is then passed 
through a curved slot 58 of an extruded body 60 having the desired shape; 
the body 60 is bolted by means of bolt 62 to the overall apparatus. A 
source of vacuum (not shown) is preferably provided to create an air 
suction interiorly of the slot, as indicated by arrow 64. The resulting 
product, a plied-type yarn, is illustrated in FIG. 2 which, as will be 
noted, also includes a reverse twist with the short fibers 52 being now 
effectively secured between the filaments forming the yarn which at that 
point is designated by reference numeral 66. Thus, the short fibers as 
will be seen from FIG. 2 compared to FIG. 3, are intrinsically bound by 
the individual filaments and a stable resulting yarn is thus obtained. 
This yarn, after passing between the fixed point defined by rollers 40 and 
42, may then be wound up by conventional means to form a roll 68 of the 
same. 
With respect to the above-described apparatus, and the process which is 
carried out by the apparatus, and by way of further explanation, the use 
of a partially oriented filament 32 in the process with conventional 
filamentary materials 26 and 30 (although more than one of the latter 
filaments may also be of a partially oriented nature), there is a 
preferential twisting below the twister relative to the amount of twisting 
that occurs above the twister and due to the nature of the partially 
oriented filaments--i.e., the characteristics of the partially oriented 
filament--provides and permits internal slippage above the twister so that 
the amount of twisting below the twister is far greater. In this manner, 
the twisting is predominantly of a given direction (corresponding to the 
direction of twisting of the twister 46) as illustrated in FIG. 3 at the 
point immediately following the exit of the yarn from the twister but 
between the fixed point or pinch point achieved by rollers 40 and 42, a 
reverse twisting sets in, whereby the yarn formation illustrated in FIG. 2 
is obtained for the final formation of the yarn. 
FIG. 1 also illustrates a few alternative embodiments that may be employed 
with the present invention; specifically, in place of providing a straight 
wind-up system as illustrated in FIG. 1, the plied type yarn designated by 
dotted lines 65 may be passed around a pair of heated rolls 76 and 74 
exiting through an aperture 72 after heat treatment and being wound up 
into a plied yarn roll 70. The gentle heat treatment applied by heated 
rolls 74 and 76 will impart additional desirable characteristics to the 
yarn, depending on the desired characteristics in the final yarn product. 
Referring to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a still further embodiment of the 
present invention which essentially is a "double-headed" or "double-ended" 
machine, each side being substantially symmetrical. Again, a general 
housing for the machine, indicated by reference numeral 100, is provided 
which may be enclosed within a cover (not shown). Again, three filamentary 
supplies are illustrated although this may vary as desired, at least two 
being employed and as many as six or more may be employed if desired--in 
all cases, at least one of the filaments being of a partially oriented 
nature. The three supplies are indicated by reference numerals 102, 104 
and 106 and any one of these may be employed as the source of partially 
oriented filament material. Each of the filaments are passed through 
aperture 108 into the interior of the housing 100, where they are placed 
into juxtaposition with each other about a driven rotating roll 110. The 
rotating roller 110 cooperates with a further counter rotating roller 112 
to define a first pinch point to which the juxtaposed filaments are 
subjected; both the rollers 110 and 112 are mounted on appropriate shafts 
and driven by suitable means. To provide a source of short fibers, a web 
of sliver material is fed from a cannister 116, the sliver material being 
indicated by reference numeral 118. The sliver enters through aperture 120 
in the wall of the apparatus and is fed to a lickerin device indicated 
generally by reference numeral 122 which is provided with projecting 
needles 124 or the like to provide a source of short fibers. These fibers, 
fed by the velocity of the rotating lickerin, are contained by means of a 
housing or cover 128 and placed into juxtaposition with the filaments in 
much the same manner as described with respect to FIG. 1. Thereafter, the 
resulting combined filamentary material and short fibers, indicated by 
reference numeral 130, are subsequently passed through a twister indicated 
generally by reference letter T. The construction of the twister T and the 
lickerin are both well known in the art and hence, detailed constructional 
features will be understood by those skilled in the art. 
As will be seen from FIGS. 5 through 7, the consolidated filaments passing 
through the twister, and which are identified by reference numeral 132, 
are subjected to the action of the twister through a counter rotating 
force; whereafter the consolidated plied-type yarn 132' is passed through 
a conical slot indicated generally by reference numeral 134 and 
subsequently through a pair of rollers 140 and 142, rotating in the 
direction indicated by the arrows, and which constitute a second fixed or 
pinch point for the yarn. Thus, the same results as described with respect 
to FIG. 1 are obtained. 
FIG. 4 illustrates at the upper portion thereof a partial exploded view of 
a portion of the lickerin assembly with the rotating roll or drum 112. As 
will be seen, the short fibers 52 doffed from the lickerin are directed 
into a recess 144 in the drum 112 to be intermixed and placed in 
juxtaposition with the filaments including the partially oriented 
filament. Due to the pair of spaced apart pinch or fixed points, the short 
fibers 52 are intermingled and partially inclined by the filaments during 
the twisting step whereby the same configuration is obtained as 
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 at the respective points in this version of 
the apparatus compared to the equivalent points in the apparatus of FIG. 
1. 
There are additional embodiments illustrated in FIG. 4 in which, following 
passage of the plied-type yarn 132' from the rollers 140 and 142, the 
latter may be wound up on a suitable wind-up apparatus (not shown) to form 
a roll of plied-type yarn 152, after passing through an aperture 154 of 
the apparatus. As in FIG. 1, an alternative provides for the yarn 132' to 
pass over a heated roll 150 to "set" the yarn to impart additional 
properties to the product--which, depending on the type of filaments 
employed, may make the yarn softer. Also, to entrap any dust generated 
within the apparatus, a pair of spaced apart ports 160 may be employed to 
prevent dust escaping to the atmosphere from the apparatus. 
It will be appreciated from the structure of the twister illustrated in the 
drawings that the twister illustrated functions as a dual or double 
twister to handle both ends of the apparatus. 
In the apparatus, the housing cover 128 may be spring loaded by means of 
spring 166 journalled into one end of the cover 128 and at the other end, 
into a suitable frame member of the apparatus. A pivot point 168 is 
provided by which the cover may then be adjusted as desired. 
Referring to FIG. 8, a single end version is illustrated showing an 
alternative arrangement to that of FIG. 1, but operating on the same 
general principles. In this figure, similar reference numerals have been 
used to designate similar components relative to the description relating 
to FIG. 4. 
In this embodiment sliver material 118 is fed into a lickerin device 
indicated generally by reference numeral 200, where it is formed into a 
source of short fibers 52 which are projected into juxtaposition with the 
three filaments after they have been passed between a pinch point defined 
by roller 202 operating in a groove of the drum 112, the groove being 
similar to groove 144 as shown in FIG. 4. 
The lickerin device illustrated in FIG. 8 includes an adjustable housing 
with a front adjustable portion 210 secured by means of an adjustment 
screw 212 to the main body 214 of the lickerin housing; likewise, the 
mouth or discharge outlet of the lickerin may also be adjusted by a lower 
cover portion 216 secured by means of an adjustable bolt 218 to the 
housing 214. In this way, the mouth or discharge outlet for the short 
fibers may be controlled within desired parameters. 
As illustrated in FIG. 8, the sliver 118 is fed by means of a rotating 
tooth or gear type wheel 220 onto the rotating lickerin drum 222 which is 
provided with a plurality of teeth to comb and doff the short fibers from 
the sliver. If desired, a source of pressurized air from conduit 226 may 
be employed for projecting pressurized air through the apertured lickerin 
roll 222 to aid in the doffing and projection of the short fibers 52 into 
juxtaposition with the filaments. 
The pinch point established by rotating roller 202 may also be adjusted by 
mounting roller 202 on a pivoting arm 226 which in turn, is mounted on a 
pivot point 228. 
Following the engagement of the short fibers with the filaments and its 
removal from the groove 144 of the rotating drum 112, a vacuum conduit 230 
may be employed for removing any short fibers not otherwise engaged and 
placed in juxtaposition with the filaments, the vacuum conduit 230 being 
connected to an appropriate source of vacuum,. Thereafter, the composite 
filaments and short fibers are passed through a twister indicated by 
reference letter T, and discharged from the twister between a pair of 
rollers 232 and 234, the former of which is driven and the latter of which 
may be adjustably mounted as indicated by arm 236 connected to a pivot 
point 238. The rollers 232 and 234 form a second pinch point to carry out 
the process in the manner indicated above with respect to FIG. 1. 
Thereafter, the resulting plied-type yarn 242 may be subjected to a heat 
treatment as described above or alternatively, may be exited through 
aperture 244 in the housing 100 and subsequently wound up on a winder 
device to form a roll of plied-type yarn 152. 
Referring now to FIG. 9, again similar reference numerals have been used to 
designate similar components to that described with respect to the 
apparatus of FIG. 4. In this embodiment, however, the covering for the 
lickerin housing is of a fixed nature so that the cover and housing, 
indicated by reference numeral 214', directly feed in a fixed relationship 
the short fibers 52 into juxtaposition with the rotating drum 112 as 
described hereinafter. The lickerin feed-in device, indicated by reference 
numeral 220, has a slightly different configuration including a 
spring-loaded arm 223 to permit adjustment for sliver feed-in. In FIG. 9, 
as shown in greater detail, and similar to the arrangements shown in FIGS. 
4 and 8, the lickerin drum may also include a source of vacuum (not shown) 
and a vacuum conduit 280 to aid in the combing and doffing operation at 
the point where the sliver meets the lickerin teeth. 
In the arrangements illustrated in FIG. 9, the filaments 102', 106' and 
108' from their respective sources, are fed in a fixed guide path 
established by means of a guide 282 and placed into juxtaposition with a 
rotating roller 284 journalled on a frame 286, which roller is provided 
with outwardly extending ribs on its surface indicated by reference 
numerals 288, 290 and 292. Each of these ribs engages a corresponding 
recess in the drum 112 as will be seen from FIG. 9, the recesses being 
indicated by reference numerals 296, 298 and 300. The central groove 300, 
cooperating with the rib 292, has adjacent it, a plurality of apertures 
304 which are connected to a vacuum source to aid in the deposition of the 
short fibers into the groove 300. As also will be noted from FIG. 9, the 
individual filaments 102', 106' and 108' are placed in juxtaposition with 
each other in the groove 300; the filaments 106' and 102' converging into 
the groove 300. Thereafter, the resulting composite filaments are short 
fibers are passed through a twister T, and exited to pass between rollers 
232 and 234 in the manner described previously. 
It will be understood that various modifications can be made to the 
above-described embodiments, without departing from the spirit and scope 
of the invention herein.