Electromagnetic shutter

The electromagnetic shutter in a camera having an exposure control circuit comprises shutter blades for opening and closing the aperture of the shutter, a shutter control circuit having a photoelectric element for measuring the scene brightness so as to generate the proper exposure signal, holding means for releasably holding the shutter blades in closed positions, spring means for opening the shutter blades when the shutter blades in the closed positions are released, and electromagnetic driving means actuated by the proper exposure signal for driving the shutter blades from the open positions to the closed positions against the action of spring means so as to permit the shutter blades to be held in the closed positions by the holding means. An energy saving is thereby achieved, because it is only necessary to actuate the holding means so as to release the shutter blades in the closed positions to open the shutter blades by the action of the spring means and to actuate the electromagnetic driving means for moving the shutter blades from open positions to closed positions at which the shutter blades are retained by the holding means.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic shutter in a camera 
having an exposure control circuit, and, more particularly, to an 
electromagnetic shutter of the type described above which generates a 
shutter blade closure detecting signal for enabling the shutter to be used 
in a fully automated camera sequential operation control circuit without 
causing any false functions. 
A prior art electromagnetic shutter has a rotatable sector ring for 
permitting the shutter blades to be swung between the fully closed 
positions and the fully opened positions, shutter blade closing spring 
means for driving the sector ring so as to swing the shutter blades to the 
fully closed positions, and electromagnetic driving means including a 
rotor made of a permanent magnet and a stationary electric coil 
cooperating with the rotor, which rotor is coupled with the sector ring. 
When the electric coil is energized and continues to be energized by an 
exposure control circuit, the sector ring is driven by the rotor so as to 
open the shutter blades from the closed position and continue to open 
against the action of the shutter blade closing spring means during the 
time the electric coil continues to be energized. After a predetermined 
time period for the proper exposure, when the electric coil is deenergized 
by the operation of the exposure control circuit, the sector ring is 
driven by the shutter blade closing spring means so as to close the 
shutter blades to terminate the proper exposure. 
It has also been proposed to use electromagnetic driving means including a 
stationary permanent magnet and a movable electric coil cooperating with 
the stationary permanent magnet in place of the above described 
electromagnetic driving means. Such an electromagnetic shutter is 
disclosed in Japanese Patent Public Disclosure No. 101924/80. 
Since the prior art electromagnetic shutters, however, utilize the shutter 
blade closing spring means, the shutter blades must be opened and kept 
opened for the proper exposure against the action of the shutter blade 
closing spring means by the electromagnetic driving means which must be 
energized and kept energized during the proper exposure time period, and, 
therefore, the consumed electric current is very large. Further, since the 
opening operation of the shutter blades is effected by the differential 
force between the electromagnetic driving means and the shutter blade 
closing spring means, the opening operation of the shutter blades is 
unstable and suffers from a large fluctuation of the operation of the 
shutter blades. 
This is particularly remarkable in the case of an electromagnetic 
programming shutter in which the shutter blades serve as a diaphragm stop, 
i.e. the shutter blades are closed before they are fully opened depending 
upon the scene brightness, so that the opening velocity of the shutter 
blades varies widely and the operation of the shutter is made very 
unstable. 
Further, when an electromagnetic shutter is used with an automatic camera 
sequential operation control circuit so as to effect automatically and 
sequentially the lens focusing, lens resetting, film winding and film 
rewinding, etc., means is required in order to accurately effect the above 
described sequential operations without fail, which generates a shutter 
blade closure detecting signal when the shutter blades are brought to the 
closed position and supplies the signal to the sequential operation 
control circuit. 
Heretofore, a contact switch has been used for generating the shutter blade 
closure detecting signal which is actuated by the movement of the sector 
ring. However, loss of mechanical energy due to the movement of the 
mechanical parts of the contact switch and loss of electric energy due to 
the connection and disconnection of the contacts of the contact switch can 
not be avoided. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic 
shutter which avoids the above described disadvantages of the prior art 
electromagnetic shutter. 
Another object is to provide an electromagnetic shutter which is simple in 
construction and accurate in operation but requires only a little energy 
for the operation thereof. 
A further object is to provide an electromagnetic shutter of the type 
described above which can be used with an automatic camera sequential 
operation control circuit without causing any false functions by utilizing 
a contactless switch thereby greatly reducing any mechanical and 
electrical loss of energy in the operation of the shutter. 
The above object is achieved by providing an electromagnetic shutter in a 
camera having an exposure control circuit comprising shutter blades for 
opening and closing the aperture of the shutter, a shutter control circuit 
having a photoelectric element for measuring the scene brightness so as to 
generate a proper exposure signal, holding means for releasably holding 
said shutter blades in the closed position, spring means for opening the 
shutter blades when the holding of the shutter blades in the closed 
positions is released, and electromagnetic driving means actuated by the 
proper exposure signal for driving the shutter blades from the opened 
positions to the closed positions against the action of the spring means 
so as to permit the shutter blades to be held in the closed positions by 
the holding means. 
With the above described construction, the energy required for driving the 
shutter is greatly saved, because it is only necessary to actuate the 
holding means so as to release the holding of the shutter blades in the 
closed positions for initiating the opening of the shutter blades by the 
action of the spring means and to actuate the electromagnetic driving 
means for moving the shutter blades from the opened positions to the 
closed positions at which the shutter blades are held by the holding 
means. 
In accordance with a further characteristic feature of the present 
invention, the electromagnetic driving means may be provided with a 
braking circuit actuated during the time the shutter blades are being 
opened so as to apply a braking force to the shutter blades 
correspondingly to the opening operation of the shutter blades against the 
opening spring means thereby lowering the opening velocity of the shutter 
blades. 
By the provision of the braking circuit, the accuracy of the exposure can 
be greatly improved, while the tolerance of the force of the opening 
spring means can be increased because the opening velocity of the shutter 
blades by the spring means can be adjusted by adjusting a resistance 
through which the braking circuit actuates the electromagnetic driving 
means so as to reduce the opening velocity of the shutter blades. 
In accordance with a still further characteristic feature of the present 
invention, the holding means may comprise composite magnet means 
consisting of a permanent magnet and an electric coil wound thereon, so 
that, when the electric coil is energized, the composite magnet means 
releases the shutter blades having been held in the closed positions by 
the permanent magnet by virtue of the electromagnetic force generated by 
the electric coil acting against the magnetic force of the permanent 
magnet. 
By the provision of the composite magnet means consisting of the permanent 
magnet and the electric coil wound thereon as described above, a shutter 
blade closure detecting signal may be generated by the electric coil when 
the shutter blades are brought to the closed positions by virtue of the 
fact that the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet varies at 
the time the shutter blades are closed and held by the holding means 
thereat. Such a shutter blade closure detecting signal is required in the 
automatic camera sequential operation control circuit in order to insure 
correct and accurate sequential operation of the camera.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 shows the characteristic curves of the aperture of the shutter 
blades during the time the shutter blades are opened and closed, wherein 
the solid line shows the normal operation of the shutter blades which are 
closed after they have been fully opened, while one-dot chain line shows 
the characteristic curve in the case the opening velocity of the shutter 
blades is lower than the normal velocity and the shutter blades are closed 
before they are fully opened, the two-dot chain line showing the 
characteristic curve similar to the one-dot chain line but the opening 
velocity of the shutter blades being higher than the normal velocity. As 
seen from FIG. 1, the exposure is remarkably varied depending upon the 
variation in the opening velocity of the shutter blades particularly in 
the case the shutter blades are closed before they are fully opened, i.e. 
in the case the shutter is used as a programming shutter. 
The present invention positively avoids the above described disadvantages. 
With reference to FIG. 2 showing an embodiment of the electromagnetic 
shutter of the present invention, it comprises five shutter blades 1. Each 
shutter blade 1 has a circular hole 1a and an elongated hole 1b, and the 
circular hole 1a rotatably engages with a pin 3 secured to a rotatable 
sector ring 2 while the elongated hole 1b slidably engages with a pin 5 
secured to an upper base plate (not shown) of the shutter, while a lower 
base plate 4 has an exposure aperture 4a similar to that formed in the 
upper base plate around which the sector ring 2 is reciprocally rotated so 
that, when the sector ring 2 is rotated in the clockwise direction from 
the position shown in FIG. 2, the shutter blades 1 can be swung from the 
closed positions shown by the solid line to the fully opened positions 
shown by the chain line, and, when the sector ring 2 is rotated in the 
counterclockwise direction from the position at which the shutter blades 1 
are fully opened, the shutter blades 1 are brought to the closed 
positions. Stopper means (not shown) are provided in order to limit the 
swinging movement of the shutter blades 1 between the closed positions and 
the fully opened positions. 
The sector ring 2 is provided with a U-shaped cut-out portion 2a opened in 
the periphery of the sector ring 2 and a projecting arm 2b projecting from 
the periphery of the sector ring 2 as shown. 
In order to open the shutter blades 1, an opening spring 7 is provided one 
end of which is secured to the hole 2c formed in the arm 2b while the 
other end is secured to a pin 4b secured to the base plate 4 so that the 
sector ring 2 is urged in the clockwise direction by the action of the 
spring 7 so as to open the shutter blades 1. In order to close the shutter 
blades 1 and releasably hold the shutter blades 1 in the closed positions, 
an electromagnetic, driving means, i.e., an electromagnetically driven 
motor 6 and a composite magnet means 8 serving as the holding means are 
provided. 
The motor 6 comprises a circular yoke 6a, a stationary electric coil 6b, a 
rotor 6c made of a permanent magnet and an actuating arm 6d secured to the 
rotor 6c and having a pin 6e at the free end thereof, which pin slidably 
engages with the U-shaped cut-out portion 2a of the sector ring 2. Thus, 
when the electric coil 6b is energized so as to rotate the rotor 6c 
together with the arm 6d in the clockwise direction from the position at 
which the sector ring 2 is urged by the spring 7 so as to hold the shutter 
blades 1 in the opened positions, the sector ring 2 is rotated against the 
action of the spring 7 in the counterclockwise direction by means of the 
pin 6e of the arm 6d slidably engaging the cut-out portion 2a of the 
sector ring 2 so that the shutter blades 1 are brought to the closed 
positions. 
The composite magnet means 8 is mounted on the base plate 4 and comprises a 
permanent magnet 8a cooperating with a magnetizable bent portion 2d formed 
at the side of the arm 2b, and a combined electric coil 8b wound around 
the permanent magnet 8a acting to reduce the magnetic force of the 
permanent magnet 8a when energized. 
Thus, when the motor 6 is energized so that the sector ring 2 is brought to 
the position at which the shutter blades 1 are closed while the electric 
coil 8b is not energized, the permanent magnet 8a attracts the bent 
portion 2d of the arm 2b and holds the sector ring 2 against the action of 
the spring 7 at the position at which the shutter blades 1 are closed. 
Thereafter, when the electric coil 8b is energized so as to generate an 
electromagnetic force acting against the magnetic force of the permanent 
magnet 8a, the attraction of the bent portion 2d of the arm 2b by the 
permanent magnet 8a is released so that the sector ring 2 is rotated in 
the clockwise direction by the action of the spring 7 thereby swinging the 
shutter blades 1 to the opened positions. It is only necessary to energize 
the electric coil 8b for a very short time period in order to release the 
holding of the sector ring 2 by the permanent magnet 8a so as to open the 
shutter blades 1. When the motor 6 is energized before the shutter blades 
1 are not fully opened depending upon the scene brightness by the 
operation of a control circuit described later for the proper exposure, 
closing operation of the shutter blades 1 commences so that the shutter 
acts as a programming shutter. The shutter blades 1 are held in the fully 
opened positions by the action of the spring 7 without requiring any 
electric energy when they have been swung in the fully opened positions 
until the electric coil 6b of the motor 6 is energized by the control 
circuit so as to close the shutter blades 1 for the proper exposure. It is 
only necessary to energize the motor 6 for a short time period until the 
sector ring 2 is brought to the position at which the shutter blades 1 are 
closed at which time the sector ring 2 is held at that position by the 
permanent magnet 8a, because the electric coil 8b has been deenergized. 
The number of the electromagnetically driven motor 6 may be made two or 
more depending upon the design of the shutter. 
FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the electromagnetic shutter of 
the present invention. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic driving 
means comprises in place of the motor 6 a plurality of permanent magnets 
9,9,9, . . . connected by annular cores 10,10,10, . . . , on each of which 
cores a movable electric coil 11 is shiftably mounted. Each electric coil 
11 has an inwardly extending arm 12 having an elongated hole 12a at its 
free end which engages with a pin 13 secured to the sector ring 2 so that 
the sector ring 2 is moved together with the electric coils 11 in the 
counterclockwise direction so as to close the shutter blades 1 when the 
electric coils 11 are energized in the similar manner as the embodiment 
shown in FIG. 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the arm 2b having the 
magnetizable bent portion cooperating with the composite magnet means 8 is 
secured to one of the electric coils 11 and the spring 7 is provided so as 
to urge the arm 2b in the clockwise direction for opening the shutter 
blades 1 as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. Stopper pins 4c 
and 4d are secured to the base plate 4 so as to limit the movement of the 
respective electric coils 11 between the opened positions and the closed 
positions of the shutter blades 1. The operation of the embodiment shown 
in FIG. 3 is similar to that shown in FIG. 2. 
FIG. 4 shows a control circuit for the electromagnetic shutter of the 
present invention. 
This control circuit comprises an input terminal 14 adapted to receive the 
output from a central processing unit (not shown) for effecting the 
automatic sequential operations of the camera, an electric power source 
15, a shut-off switch 15a for the power source 15, a one shot 
multivibrator circuit 16 connected to the respective terminals of the 
power source 15 through the switch 15a and receiving the signal from the 
input terminal 14 so that a short one shot output pulse P.sub.1 is issued 
therefrom each time the signal is received, and an exposure control 
circuit 17 having a photoelectric element (not shown) for measuring the 
scene brightness for the proper exposure and connected to the output of 
the one shot circuit 16 so that a short output pulse P.sub.3 is issued 
upon elapsing a proper exposure time after receipt of the pulse P.sub.1, 
the output of the one shot circuit 16 being also connected to the base of 
a transistor 18 through a resistance, while the combined electric coil 8b 
of the composite magnet means 8 is connected to the respective terminals 
of the power source 15 through the switch 15a as well as through the 
collector and the emitter of the transistor 18. 
The output of the exposure control circuit 17 is connected to the base of a 
transistor 19 through a resistance and the electromagnetically driven 
motor 6 or the movable electric coils are connected to the respective 
terminals of the power source 15 through the switch 15a as well as through 
the collector and the emitter of the transistor 19. 
In operation, when the switch 15a is closed and a signal from the input 
terminal 14 is received by the one shot circuit 16, it issues a one shot 
pulse P.sub.1 which is applied to the base of the transistor 18 so as to 
render the same to be conductive thereby energizing the combined electric 
coil 8b for a short time period to generate the electromagnetic force 
acting against the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 8a so that the 
holding of the sector ring 2 in the closed positions of the shutter blades 
1 by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 8a is released to rotate 
the sector ring 2 in the clockwise direction by the action of the spring 7 
thereby opening the shutter blades 1. On the other hand, the pulse P.sub.1 
is also supplied to the exposure control circuit 17 so that a proper 
exposure pulse P.sub.3 is generated after a proper exposure time elapses 
after receipt of the pulse P.sub.1, and the pulse P.sub.3 is supplied to 
the base of the transistor 19 so that it is rendered to be conductive to 
energize the motor 6 or the electric coils 11 thereby rotating the sector 
ring 2 to the position for bringing the shutter blades 1 to the closed 
positions, at which they are held by virtue of the magnetic attraction of 
the sector ring 2 at that position by the permanent magnet 8a with the 
electric coil 8b having been de-energized. 
FIG. 5 shows the time chart of the operation of the control circuit shown 
in FIG. 4. 
FIG. 6 shows a modified form of the control circuit of FIG. 4. The control 
circuit shown in FIG. 6 is generally similar to that shown in FIG. 4 
except that a braking circuit 20 is additionally provided in the control 
circuit of FIG. 6 for lowering the opening velocity of the shutter blades 
1 so as to improve the accuracy of the exposure. This is particularly 
effective in the case in which the shutter is used, because the control of 
the timing of reversing the opening movement of the shutter blades 1 to 
the closing movement thereof is difficult particularly in the case the 
opening velocity of the shutter blades 1 is high and they are closed 
before they reach the fully opened positions, thereby resulting in large 
fluctuation of the diaphragm aperture or the shutter speed so that the 
accuracy of the exposure is widely deteriorated. 
In FIG. 6, the input of the braking circuit 20 is connected to the output 
of the one shot circuit 16 and the output thereof is connected to the 
input of the exposure control circuit 17 so that the braking circuit 20 is 
actuated by the pulse P.sub.1 from the one shot circuit 16 so as to issue 
a braking pulse P.sub.2 which is supplied to the exposure control circuit 
17 for actuating the same. 
The output of the braking circuit 20 is also connected through a resistance 
to the base of a transistor 21 and the junction of the collector of the 
transistor 19 and the motor 6 or the electric coils 11 is connected 
through a resistance 22 to the collector of the transistor 21, while the 
emitter of the transistor 21 is connected to one of the terminals of the 
power source 15 to which the emitter of the transistor 19 is connected. 
With the construction described above, when the electric coil 8b is 
energized through the transistor 18 by the pulse P.sub.1 generated by the 
one shot circuit 16 upon receipt of a signal from the input terminal 14 so 
as to release the holding of the sector ring 2 and open the shutter blades 
1 by the force of the spring 7, the braking circuit 20 is also actuated 
during the opening operation of the shutter blades 1 so that an output 
pulse P.sub.2 is generated which is supplied to the base of the transistor 
21 to render the same to be conductive so that the motor 6 or the electric 
coils 11 are energized with a lowered voltage by the provision of the 
resistance 22 thereby giving a braking force to the shutter blades 1 which 
are being opened by the force of the spring 7 so as to reduce the opening 
velocity of the shutter blades 1 to improve the accuracy of the control of 
the exposure. By adjusting the value of the resistance 22, the variation 
in the force of the spring 7 causing the variation in the opening velocity 
of the shutter blades 1 can be compensated for. 
FIG. 7 shows a time chart showing the operation of the control circuit 
shown in FIG. 6. As is clear from FIG. 7, the slope of the characteristic 
curve of the shutter blades 1 in the range of opening thereof is made more 
gentle in comparison with the case in which no braking circuit is 
provided. 
FIG. 8 shows a further modified form of the control circuit of the present 
invention. 
In FIG. 8, the exposure control circuit 17 is connected to the output of a 
one shot circuit 24 receiving a signal from a focusing circuit 23 of an 
automatic camera sequential operation control circuit shown in FIG. 10 so 
as to issue a short output pulse at the time of termination of the 
focusing operation which actuates the exposure control circuit 17 for 
issuing a proper exposure signal upon elapsing of the proper exposure time 
after the shutter blades 1 are opened. The output of the one shot circuit 
24 is also supplied to the base of a transistor 25 and the collector of 
the transistor 25 is connected to the power source 15 while the emitter 
thereof is connected to one end of the electric coil 8b of the composite 
magnet means 8 and the other end thereof is grounded, so that the 
transistor 25 is rendered to be conductive by the output pulse from the 
one shot circuit 24 so as to energize the electric coil 8 to open the 
shutter blades 1 as described previously. 
The output of the exposure control circuit 17 is connected to the base of a 
transistor 26, the collector of which is connected to the power source 15 
while the emitter is connected to one end of the motor 6 or the electric 
coils 11, the other end thereof being grounded. Therefore, after elapsing 
of the proper exposure time after the shutter blades 1 are opened, the 
transistor 26 is rendered to be conductive by the proper exposure signal 
issued by the exposure control circuit 17 so that the motor 6 or the 
electric coils 11 are energized to close the shutter blades 1 as 
previously described. 
According to the characteristic feature of the present invention, the 
junction a between the electric coil 8b and the emitter of the transistor 
25 is connected to one of the input terminals of an AND circuit 27 and the 
junction b between the motor 6 or the electric coils 11 and the emitter of 
the transistor 26 is connected to the other input terminal of the AND 
circuit 27 for issuing shutter blade closure detecting signal, while the 
output terminal C thereof is connected to a lens resetting circuit 28 of 
the automatic camera sequential operation control circuit shown in FIG. 
10. 
The motor 6 or the electric coils 11 must continue to be energized until 
the time shortly after the sector ring 2 has been rotated so as to be 
attracted by the permanent magnet 8a at which time the electric coil 8b 
has been deenergized so that the shutter blades 1 are positively held in 
the closed positions in order to avoid the false function of the composite 
magnet means 8. On the other hand, when the sector ring 2 is rotated by 
the motor 6 or the electric coil 11 and it abuts against the permanet 
magnet 8a so as to be held thereby at this position for holding the 
shutter blades 1 in the closed positions, the magnetic field of the 
permanent magnet 8a varies at the moment of contact thereof with the bent 
portion 2d of the sector ring 2 so that an induced voltage is generated in 
the electric coil 8b so as to be used to generate a shutter blade closure 
detecting signal. Therefore, the induced voltage in the electric coil 8b 
issues during the time the motor 6 or the electric coils 11 are still 
being energized in order to rotate the sector ring 2 for bringing the 
shutter blades 1 to the closed positions even though very short. 
The present invention utilizes the coexistence of both the induced voltage 
in the electric coil 8b and the electric current energizing the motor 6 or 
the electric coils 11. 
Thus, the output C of the AND circuit 27 is rendered to be high level at 
the moment the shutter blades 1 are brought to the closed positions and 
held thereat by the permanent magnet 8a so as to generate a shutter blade 
closure detecting signal which is supplied to a lens resetting circuit 28 
of the automatic camera sequential operation control circuit shown in FIG. 
10. 
FIG. 9 shows the time chart of the operation of the control circuit of FIG. 
8. 
The automatic camera sequential operation control circuit shown in FIG. 10 
comprises a release circuit 29, a battery checking circuit 30, an 
under-over-exposure checking circuit 31, an electromagnetic releasing 
circuit 32, the focusing circuit 23 previously described, a shutter 
operating circuit 33 including the exposure control circuit 17 shown in 
FIG. 8, a delay circuit 34, the lens resetting circuit 28 previously 
described, a film winding circuit 35, a film used-up detecting circuit 36, 
a film rewinding circuit 37, a range finding circuit 38, a power source 
latching circuit 39 and a light measuring circuit 40, etc., which are 
connected as shown. 
The objective lens L is coupled with the focusing circuit 23, while the 
shutter S is connected to the shutter operating circuit 33 so as to be 
controlled thereby. Also, the film F is coupled with the film winding 
circuit 35 and the film used-up detecting circuit 36 for the required 
operation therefor. 
The control circuit shown in FIG. 8 for issuing the shutter blade closure 
detecting signal is designated in FIG. 10 as being D. The circuit D is 
connected to the shutter operating circuit 33 actuated upon receipt of the 
output from the focusing circuit 23 as well as to the lens resetting 
circuit 28 as shown by the broken line so that the latter is actuated 
automatically so as to be ready for the succeeding operation of the 
camera. 
Thus, the releasing of the holding means is initiated by the automatic 
focusing completion signal issued by the focusing circuit 23. In like 
manner as a safety insuring measure for the operation of the motor 6 or 
the electric coils 11, they are actuated in coupled relationship with the 
film winding operation effected by the film winding circuit 35.