Method of driving an electro-optical device

For a gradation displaying operation for an electro-optical device, a gradation display system which can be controlled by a digital signal and is hard to be affected by variation in characteristics between respective elements and which can achieve high gradation, is provided. In the active matrix type electro-optical device, by the digital control of time and amplitude of a voltage pulse applied to each picture element electrode, composite pulses having plural voltage values and pulse widths are formed for one frame of an image so that an average effective voltage of the one frame of the image is made an arbitrary value, thereby finally displaying an intermediate color tone on liquid crystal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 1. Field of the Invention
 This invention relates to a display method for a high-gradation displaying
 operation in an electro-optical display device constructed by plural
 picture elements which are arranged in a matrix form and have driving
 switch elements, such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, a
 vacuum microelectronics display and the like.
 2. Description of Related Art
 The recent miniaturization of various office automation equipments has
 caused a conventional cathode ray tube (CRT) to be replaced by a thin-type
 display (flat panel display) such as a plasma display, a liquid crystal
 display and the like. In addition, there has been also researched a vacuum
 microelectronics display in which micro vacuum tubes each comprising a
 field emission cathode and a grid are arranged in a matrix array and an
 image is displayed by irradiating an electron beam emitted from the matrix
 array onto fluorescent material. In all the display devices as described
 above, an image display operation is performed by controlling a voltage to
 be applied to intersections of the matrix array.
 That is, a transmitted-light amount or a scattered-light amount is varied
 by an electric field in a display of liquid crystal material, an electric
 discharge is induced between electrodes by an electric field in a plasma
 display, and electrons are emitted from a cathode by field emission effect
 in a vacuum microelectronics display.
 The simplest one of these matrix types is a display including a pair of
 substrates which are confronted to each other, and striped wirings which
 are arranged longitudinally and laterally on the respective substrates, a
 voltage being generated in a gap between any intersected longitudinal and
 lateral wirings by applying a voltage therebetween. This type is called as
 a simple matrix-structure. This type of display can be produced easily and
 at low cost because of its simple structure. However, in this type of
 display, there has been frequently occurs a phenomena called as crosstalk
 in which an image is blurred due to unintentional signal flow into
 undesired parts in a driving operation of the display. In order to avoid
 the crosstalk, material whose optical characteristic varies sharply with a
 voltage above a predetermined threshold voltage is required. For example,
 a plasma electric discharge display is a favorable display for such a
 simple-matrix system because it has a distinct threshold value as
 described above.
 When such an optical material as described above is used, however, the
 display must be driven such that a voltage for each picture element (that
 is, a crossing between matrix wirings) is extremely near to the threshold
 voltage. Therefore, when the simple matrix system is adopted, an optical
 ON/OFF-switching operation can be carried out, but it is difficult to
 obtain an intermediate brightness or color tone because material which
 can. vary its brightness in an intermediate variable range in accordance
 with an applied voltage can not be used as an optical material for the
 display.
 This problem is caused by placing the switching function on an optical
 material (liquid crystal or electric discharge gas). Therefore, an attempt
 of installing a switching element to the matrix independently of the
 optical material was tried. This type of device is called as an active
 matrix display and has one or more switching elements at each picture
 element. A PIN diode, an MIM diode or a thin film transistor or the like
 is used as a switching element.
 However, even though an active matrix system is adopted, it is difficult to
 achieve a display operation with high gradation as realized in CRT.
 FIG. 1(A) shows a conventional gradation display system. In FIG. 1(A), the
 ordinate represents the amplitude of a voltage applied to a specified
 picture element and the abscissa represent a time, and this figure
 represents the variation of the voltage applied to a picture element of a
 liquid crystal display. The voltage is applied in the form of an
 alternative current pulse because the liquid crystal would be deteriorated
 due to its electrolysis if it is applied with a direct current for a long
 time.
 In this figure, the voltage is applied so as to display brightness of "8"
 in first two periods, "4" in next one period and "6" in last one period.
 Actually, the liquid crystal material varies in its optical characteristic
 sharply at a particular threshold value, but it is assumed here that the
 optical characteristic varies linearly in accordance with the applied
 voltage. This approximation is a very close approximation for the liquid
 crystal material such as dispersion type liquid crystal material for
 example. Thus, in order to achieve the display operation with 16-step
 gradation for example, it is required to control a voltage at 16 steps and
 then apply it to a picture element.
 In a usual liquid crystal material, its optical characteristic is saturated
 when applied with a voltage over 5 volts, and hardly varies even if a
 voltage above 5 volts is applied. In order to implement 16-step gradation
 displaying operation for example, a voltage must be applied with precision
 of 300 mV which is obtained by dividing 5 volts by 16. It is reasonable
 that the implementation of a higher-gradation display operation requires a
 more minute voltage to be applied to the picture element. However, it is
 not easy to generate a voltage with a resolution of 300 mV or less, and
 such a minute voltage is attenuated by various factors until it reaches
 the picture element. These factors contain resistance of wirings,
 resistance of thin film transistors, reduction of potential of a picture
 element due to a parasitic capacitance of the thin film transistors and
 the like. Since these parameters causing the voltage variation or
 fluctuation are different in accordance with an active element of each
 picture element, the fluctuation of the voltage of the picture element can
 be actually suppressed in a range of plus and minus 0.2 V at maximum over
 the whole panel.
 On the other hand, there is another method of implementing a gradation
 displaying operation by controlling a time length (retention time) of a
 voltage pulse to be applied to each picture element. For example, display
 methods as disclosed in Japanese patent application Nos. 3-169306,
 3-169307, 3-209869, etc. which have been invented by the same inventors as
 this application are cited as examples of the above method. FIG. 1(B)
 shows this example. First two periods are used for brightness of "8", next
 one period is used for brightness of "4" and last one period is used for
 brightness of "6", as well as the method of FIG. 1(A).
 It is known that the liquid crystal material visually functions to display
 color tone and brightness in accordance with, not an instantaneous
 voltage, but an average effective voltage. Namely, assuming an effective
 voltage of first two periods as 1, the next one period is considered as
 0.5 though it has the same peak voltage as that of the first two periods,
 and the last period is considered as 0.75.
 Further, a response speed of the plasma electric discharge is a high speed
 of 1 micro second, but a human naked eye cannot follow such a high speed,
 and can sense only an average brightness, so that a visual brightness is
 finally determined by an average effective voltage.
 That is, the gradation displaying system as described above requires the
 switching speed to be remarkably increased particularly in order to
 implement a high-gradation displaying operation.
 FIG. 2 shows a special case of FIG. 1(B), and an example of FIG. 2 can
 achieve 64-step (64-level) gradation displaying, operation. Numbers at the
 left side represent degree of brightness of picture elements. In this
 example, the optical characteristic varies from "1" to "54" in this order.
 In FIG. 2, (A) and (B) are not different essentially, and only the order
 of plural pulses is altered therebetween. The details of this example are
 described in Japanese patent application No. 3-209869 which has been
 invented by the same inventors as this application and thus the
 description thereof is eliminated.
 For example, in a part marked as "17", a pulse whose length is 1 and a
 pulse whose length is 16 appear once in a period of s respectively, and it
 represents an average brightness of "17". Further, in a part marked "37",
 a pulse whose length is 1, a pulse whose length is 4 and a pulse whose
 length is 32 appear once in a period of s, and it represents an average
 brightness of "37". By this way, 64-step gradation display from "0" to
 "64" can be achieved.
 It is apparent from FIG. 2 that the minimum pulse length is required to be
 one 64th of a voltage repetitive period of s. In a case where a switching
 operation is actually carried out using a thin film transistor or the
 like, a pulse whose width is shortened in accordance with the number of
 lines of matrix is applied to the thin film transistor. For example, when
 the matrix has 480 lines, a pulse whose width is one 480th of the minimum
 pulse length is applied to the thin film transistor. Since s is usually 30
 msec, the minimum pulse width becomes 500 micro sec. Thus, 1 micro sec is
 required for a driving signal for the thin film transistor or the like.
 This value may be considered as a large value, but it is very rapid signal
 for the thin film transistor. Therefore, in order to achieve higher
 gradation displaying operation, more rapid pulses must be applied, and by
 this, electromagnetic wave is radiated from the display.
 SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
 This invention has been implemented to solve the problems described above
 in a conventional gradation displaying system, and is a new type of
 gradation displaying system which adopts advantages of both of a gradation
 displaying system which is completely dependent on a voltage as shown in
 FIG. 1(A) and a gradation displaying system which is completely dependent
 on a pulse width as shown in FIG. 1(B). In addition, in this system, both
 of the remarkably minute voltage control and the remarkably short-speed
 pulse as pointed out above are not required.
 A method of driving an electro-optical device of an active matrix structure
 in accordance with the present invention comprises applying a voltage
 comprising pulses of a plurality of pulse heights and a plurality of pulse
 widths to a pixel of the electro-optical device.
 In order to distinguish this invention from the conventional system
 clearly, an embodiment of this invention is shown in FIG. 1(C). First two
 periods are used for brightness of "8", next one period is used for
 brightness of "4" and last one period is used for brightness of "6", like
 the systems as shown in FIG. 1(A) and FIG. 1(B).
 In this invention, the gradation displaying operation is also achieved by
 utilizing an average effective voltage as well as the system as shown in
 FIG. 2, however, in this invention, a degree of freedom is increased by
 varying not only a pulse width, but also a pulse height to solve the above
 problems.
 First, in FIG. 1(C), first two periods are the same as others, and assuming
 a voltage at these periods as 1 volt, of course, an average effective
 voltage of the first two periods becomes 1. An average effective voltage
 at a next one period is 0.5 because in the next one period a pulse height
 is a half of that at the first two periods. In a last one period,
 complicated pulses are combined. However, a pulse having pulse height of 1
 first appears, and subsequently a pulse having pulse height of 0.5
 appears. Since these two pulses are retentive for the same time, an
 average effective voltage becomes 0.75. As described above, by controlling
 not only the pulse width but also the pulse height, a load imposed on
 pulse length (high-speed pulsation) can be reduced by the pulse height.
 In FIG. 2, the 64-step (64-level) gradation displaying operation is
 achieved by combination of total 6 pulses whose width is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
 and 32. On the other hand, in this invention, the pulse height is
 sectioned into five steps (levels) of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and only four
 pulses having pulse width of 1, 2, 4 and 8 are used to implement the
 61-step gradation displaying operation. Of course, a small number of kinds
 of pulses means that the minimum pulse width is large.
 FIG. 3 shows an example. FIGS. 3(A) and (B) are essentially identical to
 each other except that the pulse order is altered. In the example of FIG.
 3, "1" can be represented by a pulse whose height is 1 and whose width is
 1 (minimum pulse). "2"can be represented by a pulse whose height is 1 and
 whose width is 2. "4" can be represented by a pulse whose height is 1 and
 whose width is 4. "8" can be represented by a pulse whose height is 1 and
 whose width is 8. "16" can be represented by a pulse whose height is 2 and
 whose width is 8. "32" can be represented by a pulse whose height is 4 and
 whose width is 8. These pulses can be represented by combination of pulses
 having another pulse height and pulse width. As shown in the FIG. 3, all
 numbers from "0", "1" to "60" can be represented by a combination of these
 pulses. It is apparent from this figure that the minimum pulse width
 becomes longer than that of the conventional system. In the example of
 FIG. 3, the minimum pulse width is four times of that of FIG. 2. That is,
 increase of power consumption due to a high-speed operation and a load
 imposed on the device can be remarkably reduced.
 For example, dividing the pulse height into five steps (levels) of 0, 1, 2,
 3, 4 and using three kinds of pulses having pulse widths of 1, 2, 4, the
 maximum number which can be represented by the above pulses is "28", which
 is obtained by adding a pulse whose width is 1 and whose height is 4, a
 pulse whose width is 2 and whose height is 4 and a pulse whose width is 4
 and whose height is 4, and all numbers from "0" to "28" can be represented
 by combination of these three pulses.
 Assuming a number to be represented as "N", this problem is a problem to
 find out combinations of figures (KLM) where
EQU N=1.times.K+2.times.L+4.times.M
 (where K, L, M represents any one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) Solutions of this
 problem are shown in Table 1.
 When this problem is generalized, this problem turns out to be a proof of
 the following theorem;
 [Theorem]
 in an equation;
EQU N=n.sub.0 +2n.sub.1 +2.sup.2 n.sub.2 + . . . +2.sup.k n.sub.k
EQU (n.sub.0, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, . . . , n.sub.k 0, 1, 2, . . . , I), (1)
 N may be (can represent) any integer below the following maximum value;
EQU N.sub.max =(1+2+2.sup.2 + . . . +2.sup.k)I (2).
 An example shown in Table 1 corresponds to a case of this theorem where k=2
 and I=4, and an example shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to a part of a case
 where k=3 and I=4. In cases where k=4 and I=4 (125 gradations) and where
 k=5 and I=4 (253 gradations), however, trueness of this theorem is
 unknown. The trueness of the theorem is unclear for a higher-gradation
 displaying operation. Therefore, the proof therefor is required.
 This proof will be made as follows. First of all, considering the theorem
 as described above for I=1, the theorem is proved to be true. Namely,
 By the following equation:
EQU N=n.sub.0 +2n.sub.1 +2.sup.2 n.sub.2 + . . . +2.sup.k n.sub.k
EQU (n.sub.0, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, . . . , n.sub.k 0, 1)
 where k is an arbitrary positive integer, all from 0 to (1+2+2.sup.2 + . .
 . +2.sup.k) can be represented (sub theorem 1). Since the proof for this
 theorem is very easy, it is omitted here.
 Next, the theorem is assumed to be true for I=i (i represents an arbitrary
 positive integer)(assumption 1). Under the above assumption, it is
 examined whether the theorem is true or not for I=i+1.
 The maximum value of N for I=i is represented by Nmax (represented by the
 equation (2)), and the maximum value of N for I=i+1 is represented by
 N'max.
EQU N'max=(1+2+2.sup.2 + . . . +2.sup.k)(i+1) (3).
 Now, it is true that all integers from 0 to Nmax can be represented by the
 following series:
EQU N=n.sub.0 +2n.sub.1 +2.sup.2 n.sub.2 + . . . +2.sup.k n.sub.k
EQU (n.sub.0, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, . . . , n.sub.k 0, 1, 2, . . . , i, i+1) (4).
 Because, from the assumption 1, it supposed to be true that all integers
 from 0 to Nmax can be represented by the series (4) which uses only number
 of n.sub.0, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, . . . , n.sub.k 0, 1, 2, . . . , i (i+1 is
 not used).
 Next, it will be examined whether any integer from Nmax+1 to N'max can be
 represented or not. An arbitrary integer N' contained in this region is
 represented by
EQU N'=Nmax+m=(1+2+2.sup.2 + . . . +2.sup.k)i+m (5).
 Where m represents a figure from 1 to (1+2+2.sup.2 + . . . +2.sup.k), and
 by the sub theorem 1 as mentioned above, m is represented by;
EQU equation m=1.sub.0 +21.sub.1 +2.sup.2 1.sub.2 + . . . +2.sup.k 1.sub.k
EQU (1.sub.0, 1.sub.1, 1.sub.2, . . . 1.sub.k 0, 1).
 Thus, the equation (5) is;
EQU N'=(1+2+2.sup.2 + . . . +2.sup.k)i
EQU +1.sub.0+21.sub.1 +2.sup.2 1.sub.2 + . . . +2.sup.k 1.sub.k
EQU (1.sub.0, 1.sub.1, 1.sub.2, . . . 1.sub.k 0, 1) (5)'.
 A polynomial equation (5)' is transformed to the second power series:
EQU N'=n.sub.0 +2n.sub.1 +2.sup.2 n.sub.2 + . . . +2.sup.k n.sub.k
EQU (n.sub.0, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, . . . , n.sub.k i, i+1) (6).
 Thus, it is proved that this theorem is also true for I=i+1. Therefore, by
 the mathematical inductive method, it is proved that the theorem as
 mentioned above is true for an arbitrary positive integer k and I.
 As described above, greatly multiple steps of average voltages can be
 represented by combinations of pulses whose width and height are different
 from one another. In this invention, a pulse voltage must be set to plural
 values above 2 steps (levels), for example, 5 steps (levels). However,
 setting a threshold voltage of liquid crystal to 5V, these levels are set
 to 0V, 1.25V, 2.5V, 3.75V and 5V, and using these voltage levels, 61-step
 gradation displaying operation can be achieved in the case as shown in
 FIG. 3. On the other hand, in the conventional system as shown in FIG.
 1(A) where a voltage must be minutely divided (sectioned), in order to
 achieve the 61-step gradation displaying operation, an input voltage must
 be stepwisely divided by 80 mV and this is impossible to be carried out.
 The above is an essential part of this invention, and actually, a signal
 input to each display device is more complicated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a display device for implementing this
 invention. In the device shown here, only indispensable parts to explain
 this invention are described, and other various equipments may be required
 to actually operate the device. This device is assumed to carry out the
 61-step gradation displaying operation.
 First of all, a video signal is input from an input terminal of this
 device. Here, the input video signal is assumed to be a signal for a
 picture element on an n-th column and an m-th row of an image, whose
 brightness is represented with "212" when the maximum value of brightness
 is assumed as 256. Of course, other signals are input into this device
 continually.
 After input into the device, this signal is converted to a binary digital
 signal by an A/D converter. "212" corresponds to "11010100" in binary
 expression. In this invention, however, only this digital signal cannot be
 used directly. Accordingly, this digital signal is converted to a signal
 which is suitable for this invention by a signal processor at next stage.
 In this device, six kinds of pulses whose pulse widths are T.sub.0,
 2T.sub.0, 4T.sub.0, 8T.sub.0, 16T.sub.0, 32T.sub.0 are used, and the pulse
 height thereof is divided into 5 levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4).
 In this device, a digital signal "11010100" is converted to "434110". This
 signal converting operation may be carried out one by one, but output
 signals which correspond to input signals are preferably memorized
 beforehand in a memory device inside of a signal processing device and
 outputted in correspondence to the input signals in consideration of
 limitation of signal processing speed. Such data are shown in Table 2, for
 example. In this Table, N is represented by decimal notation, but in a
 practical processing step, it has been converted to a binary number. This
 conversion process has no problem because this process is carried out in
 one-to-one correspondence. "Signal" represents an output signal.
 Signals output from the signal processing device are not output
 continuously like "434100". Namely, since other picture element data must
 be output simultaneously, these signals are outputted intermittently like
 " . . . 4 . . . 3 . . . 4 . . . 1 . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . ". A clock pulse
 is also output simultaneously.
 As described above the signals output from the signal processing device are
 transmitted to a shift resistor on the periphery of a screen. Here, each
 signal is transmitted to a corresponding signal line (Y line) and stored
 in capacitor or the like and held there until it is outputted. When a
 driver turns on, a signal voltage is discharged to each Y line. On the
 other hand, the clock pulse is transmitted to a shift resistor of a gate
 line (X line) and the signal is successively transmitted to each gate
 line.
 This device adopts a mechanism in which the voltage value of 4 or 3 is
 generated by the signal processing device and held in the capacitor.
 However, a signal output from signal processing device may be converted to
 a digital signal corresponding to the voltage value "4" or "3" (for
 example "100" or "011"), and then a circuit for generating these signals
 may be connected to each Y line. In a case of using a capacitor, a pulse
 voltage is not a rectangular wave, but varies greatly with time lapse, and
 a voltage held in the picture element varies greatly with only a slight
 shift of a switching timing. The switching timing is dependent on
 performance of each thin film transistor and it is difficult to produce
 transistors under precise control of such an analog characteristic of each
 transistor using the present technology, and thus it is a factor in
 reducing the yield of the device.
 Though this invention requires no fine control of a voltage in comparison
 with the conventional active matrix system of pure analog drive, 10%
 fluctuation of the voltage is enough to deteriorate the gradation by one
 order.
 Thus, the analog method using the capacitor as described above is not
 favorable for this invention. In this point, in a case of using a system
 in which the voltage pulse is supplied directly from the voltage
 generation circuit, a pulse to be applied to the Y line has an excellent
 rectangular wave, and thus a voltage held in any picture element is
 substantially constant, so that it is favorable for the high-gradation
 displaying operation (64-step gradation or 256-step gradation, for
 example) at which this invention aims.
 FIG. 5 shows a voltage of a picture element Z.sub.n, m on the n-th column
 and the m-th row and a voltage between a gate line X.sub.n and a signal
 line Y.sub.m (which is also called drain line) which is applied to the
 picture element. In the figure showing the voltage of the picture element
 pixel Z.sub.n,m, a broken line represents an actual signal and a solid
 line represents an ideal signal. A voltage applied to the picture element
 does not have an ideal rectangular wave due to various factors. That is,
 the main factors are a voltage drop due to a so-called diving voltage
 which is caused by overlap of the gate electrode and the source region, a
 voltage drop caused by natural discharge from a picture element electrode,
 and a delay of ON/OFF switching operation of the thin film transistor.
 Although the analog type voltage supply means is not adopted, the disorder
 of the signal waveform as described above due to the analog factors in the
 active matrix is not favorable for this invention as described above.
 Thus, these factor must be considered fully for a practical circuit
 design.
 As shown in FIG. 5, in a picture element, a highest-voltage state
 (4-voltage state) first continues for 32T.sub.0, subsequently the
 zero-voltage state is kept for T.sub.0, subsequently a 3-voltage state
 continues for 16T.sub.0, subsequently the voltage is kept to zero for
 2T.sub.0, and subsequently a 4-voltage state continues for 8T.sub.0, and a
 1-voltage state continues for a last 4T.sub.0. Through this operation, an
 average voltage of 212/63 per time T.sub.0 can be obtained.
 The voltage of the picture element Z.sub.n,m at this time is an assembly of
 rectangular pulses as shown in a lower part of FIG. 4. Assuming a period
 of 1 frame as 17 msec, T.sub.0 =270 micro seconds, and the width of pulses
 applied to a gate electrode is 300 nsec when total number of X lines is
 480. The minimum width of the pulse signal applied to the Y line is also
 600 nsec. These numbers correspond to several MHz frequency.
 On the other hand, in the conventional system (FIG. 2), a gate pulse of 75
 nsec which is about one fourth of the above value is required. This
 corresponds to 13 MHz frequency, and in order to achieve such a high-speed
 operation, for example, it has been required to produce an active element
 in CMOS form. Further, an electromagnetic wave which is radiated from a
 display due to the high-frequency driving as described above has induced a
 problem. However, such a problem rarely occurs in this invention. Of
 course, the active element produced in the CMOS form can be also available
 for this invention.
 According to this invention, an image having remarkably high gradation can
 be obtained. This invention is particularly suitable for the liquid
 crystal display, however, it is applicable to other display systems such
 as a plasma display, a vacuum microelectro display, etc. Optical material
 which has not only an ON/OFF switching function, but also an intermediate
 optical characteristic in accordance with an applied voltage is
 particularly favorable to this invention.
 Therefore, this invention can be implemented particularly using any
 material whose optical characteristic varies in accordance with an applied
 voltage, and which develops the intermediate state with the applied
 voltage.
 TABLE 1
 *N* = 1 + 2m + 4n
 N (1 mn)
 0 (000)
 1 (100)
 2 (200), (010)
 3 (110), (300),
 4 (210), (400), (001), (020)
 5 (120), (101), (310),
 6 (201), (220), (410), (011), (030)
 7 (130), (111), (301), (320)
 8 (211), (230), (401), (420), (002), (021), (040)
 9 (140), (102), (121), (311), (330)
 10 (202), (221), (240), (411), (430), (012), (031)
 11 (112), (131), (302), (321), (340)
 12 (212), (231), (402), (421), (440), (003), (022), (041)
 13 (103), (122), (141), (312), (331)
 14 (203), (222), (241), (412), (431), (013), (032)
 15 (113), (132), (303), (322), (341)
 16 (213), (232), (403), (422), (441), (004), (023), (042)
 17 (104), (123), (142), (313), (332)
 18 (204), (223), (242), (413), (432), (014), (033)
 19 (114), (133), (304), (323), (342)
 20 (214), (233), (404), (423), (442), (024), (043)
 21 (124), (143), (314), (333)
 22 (224), (243), (414), (433), (034)
 23 (134), (324), (343)
 24 (234), (424), (443), (044)
 25 (144), (334)
 26 (244), (434)
 27 (344)
 28 (444)
 TABLE 2
 N Signal
 001 000001
 002 000010
 003 000003
 004 000100
 005 000101
 006 000030
 007 000103
 008 001000
 009 001001
 010 001010
 011 001003
 012 000300
 013 000301
 014 000310
 015 000303
 016 010000
 017 010001
 018 010010
 019 010003
 020 010100
 021 010101
 022 010110
 023 010103
 024 003000
 025 003001
 026 003010
 027 003003
 028 003100
 029 003101
 030 003110
 031 003103
 032 100000
 033 100001
 034 100010
 035 100003
 036 100100
 037 100101
 038 100030
 039 100103
 040 101000
 041 101001
 042 103000
 043 103001
 044 103010
 045 103003
 046 103100
 047 103101
 048 030000
 049 030001
 050 030010
 051 030003
 052 030100
 053 030101
 054 030030
 055 030103
 056 031000
 057 031001
 058 030130
 059 031003
 060 030300
 061 030301
 062 030310
 063 030303
 064 200000
 065 200001
 066 200010
 067 200003
 068 200100
 069 200101
 070 200030
 071 200103
 072 033000
 073 033001
 074 033010
 075 033003
 076 200300
 077 200301
 078 200310
 079 200303
 080 130000
 081 130001
 082 130010
 083 130003
 084 130100
 085 130101
 086 130030
 087 130031
 088 203000
 089 203001
 090 203010
 091 203003
 092 203100
 093 203101
 094 203030
 095 203031
 096 300000
 097 300001
 098 300010
 099 300003
 100 300100
 101 300101
 102 300030
 103 300031
 104 301000
 105 301001
 106 301010
 107 301003
 108 300300
 109 300301
 110 300310
 111 300303
 112 230000
 113 230001
 114 230010
 115 230003
 116 230100
 117 230101
 118 230030
 119 230031
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 146 410010
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 156 403100
 157 403101
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 159 413101
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 162 420010
 163 420003
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 166 420030
 167 420103
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 170 421010
 171 421003
 172 420300
 173 420301
 174 420310
 175 420303
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 178 430010
 179 430003
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 182 430030
 183 430103
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 185 431001
 186 431010
 187 431003
 188 430300
 189 430301
 190 430310
 191 430303
 192 440000
 193 440001
 194 440010
 195 440003
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 197 440101
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 199 440103
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 202 433010
 203 433003
 204 440300
 205 440301
 206 440310
 207 440303
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 211 434003
 212 434100
 213 434101
 214 434030
 215 434103
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 221 434301
 222 434310
 223 434303
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 230 444030
 231 444103
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 233 444201
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 235 444203
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 237 444301
 238 444310
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 241 444401
 242 444410
 243 444403
 244 444420
 245 444421
 246 444430
 247 444431
 248 444440
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 251 444443
 252 444444