DOWNHOLE STATUS DETECTION USING VIBRATION

A system can be provided that can include a measurement tool that can be coupled to a conveyance mechanism for positioning the measurement tool downhole in a wellbore. The wellbore can be encased by a tubular. The system can further include a vibration-inducing device that can cause the tubular to vibrate. Additionally, the system can include an interferometer coupled to the measurement tool for detecting the vibration in the tubular. The system can further generate data useable to determine at least one status of the tubular and at least one status of a cement layer. The cement layer can be positioned between the tubular and a subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to wellbore operations and, more particularly (although not necessarily exclusively), to evaluating a tubular in a wellbore using vibration.

BACKGROUND

A well system can include a wellbore that can be formed in a subterranean formation for extracting produced hydrocarbon or other suitable material. A wellbore operation can be performed to extract the produced hydrocarbon material or perform other suitable tasks relating to the wellbore. During the wellbore operation, a tubular, such as a casing string, a production string, surface piping, or the like, can be used to perform or facilitate the wellbore operation. The tubular may be exposed to harsh conditions that may degrade the tubular over time or may otherwise affect the integrity of the tubular.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain aspects and examples of the present disclosure relate to causing a tubular to vibrate and detecting the vibrations to evaluate the tubular and a cement layer associated with the tubular. The tubular can be pipe associated with drilling a wellbore, casing the wellbore, producing fluids in the wellbore, or other suitable wellbore operations. Examples of tubulars may include drill pipe, surface pipe, casing, production tubing, pipeline, etc. The cement layer can be provided in an annulus between the tubular and a subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore. The cement layer can seal the annulus and maintain a position of the tubular in the wellbore. A vibration-inducing device can provide an electromagnetic pulse, a mechanical pulse, an acoustic pulse, or other suitable energy pulse or mechanism for causing the tubular to vibrate. For example, a hammer device or a roller device can be used for causing vibration along the tubular via mechanical pulses. Additionally, an electromechanical pulse (EMP) generator can be used as a vibration-inducing device by producing electromagnetic pulses. As another example, an acoustic transducer may transmit acoustic pulses to cause the tubular to vibrate. Additionally, the vibration can be detected using laser interference measurement techniques. Examples of laser interference measurement techniques may include laser distance meters, laser vibrometers, lidar systems, etc. The measurements provided by the laser interference measurement techniques can be used to generate data for evaluating the tubular. The data may indicate deformation or corrosion of the tubular. The data may also indicate a quality of a bond between the cement layer and the tubular.

In some examples of the present disclosure, evaluating the tubular in the wellbore that contains, for example, gas can be improved. Additionally, some examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wellbore containing any suitable logging fluid. For example, suitable logging fluid can be any clear logging fluid such as a completion brine, or other brine. In an example, the casing may be vibrated by a device producing an electromagnetic pulse, a magnetic pulse, a mechanical pulse, an acoustic pulse, or other suitable energy pulse. Additionally, lasers may be used to detect the vibration of the casing. The lasers can be coupled to a measurement tool that can be positioned downhole in the wellbore. The lasers can be optically directed toward the casing using beam splitters and turning optics. The lasers can be used in laser interference measurement devices to provide laser vibration measurements, laser distancing measurements, or a combination thereof. Laser vibration measurements can be a frequency, amplitude, or other measurement associated with vibration. The laser distancing measurements can be a distance between two objects, such as a laser vibrometer and the tubular. Examples of the laser interference measurement devices can include laser distance meters, laser vibrometers, lidar systems, and the like. The laser distancing measurements may be used to determine or adjust a position of the measurement tool within the wellbore.

In an example, vibration in the tubular can be induced by electromechanical pulses and a laser vibrometer can detect the vibration. The laser vibrometer can be sensitive to a large range of frequencies and the electromagnetic pulses can generate a large range of frequency pulses. The frequencies detected by the laser vibrometer can indicate a thickness of the tubular. Therefore, the laser vibrometer and electromechanical pulses can evaluate tubulars of varying thicknesses. Concentric tubulars can also be evaluated using the laser vibrometer and electromechanical pulses. Additionally, multiple interfaces, such as the cement layer, the wellbore, the subterranean formation, or a combination thereof may be evaluated.

In some examples, the use of laser interference techniques can mitigate an influence of eccentricity and specular reflection on the data obtained from vibration of the tubular. For example, as the laser vibrometer can detect a vibrational wave rather than an acoustic wave, measurements of frequency, amplitude, etc. by the laser vibrometer can be independent of eccentricity and specular reflection. Additionally, the laser distancing measurements can be used to determine a frequency of an electromagnetic pulse or an acoustic pulse based on a distance between the laser vibrometer and the tubular. In some examples, the lasers can be positioned to detect vibration at a correct location. At the correct location measurements can be independent of eccentricity and specular reflection. For example, the correct location can be associated with a phase shift of echoes from the electromagnetic pulse or the acoustic pulse. In some examples, the lasers may be rotated along a window portion of the measurement tool or other suitable portions of the measurement tool to enable detection at the correct location.

In some examples, multiple locations may be monitored along the casing by positioning multiple laser interference measurement devices in the measurement tool. The multiple locations can be monitored for vibration simultaneously. In an example, the multiple location monitoring can be used to deconvolute three dimensional effects of echoes associated with electromagnetic pulses, acoustic pulses, or the like. Additionally, positioning the multiple laser interference measurement devices in the measurement tool may provide high resolution azimuthal monitoring. In some examples, monitoring may be conducted simultaneously along multiple azimuths and across multiple points colinear to the wellbore axis by positioning multiple measurement tools with multiple laser interference measurement devices at different depths in the wellbore. By positioning the multiple measurement tools at different depths, propagation of the vibration along the tubular can be monitored.

Certain examples of the system may be used in low temperature wells including those for gas storage. To apply examples of the system in a higher temperature well, the lasers can be placed in eutectic cooling with optical routing of a laser beam path. Additionally, layered eutectic cooling may be possible with a small package of the laser diodes. In an example, a laser beam may be routed for multiple purposes such as laser ranging at multiple spots along the tubular for accurate eccentricity calculations or for monitoring multiple spots along different depths of the tubular simultaneously. In some examples, the lasers may be inherently temperature robust. Additionally, fibers may transmit the laser beam from a cooler location such as the eutectic cooler or the surface.

FIG.1is a schematic of a well system100with a tubular102according to one example of the present disclosure. The well system100can include a wellbore104that can extend through a subterranean formation106. The subterranean formation106can include hydrocarbon material such as oil, gas, coal, or other suitable material. In some examples, the tubular102can extend from a well surface122into the subterranean formation106. The tubular102can provide a conduit through which formation fluids, such as production fluids produced from the subterranean formation106, can travel to the well surface122. Additionally, the tubular102can allow a well tool108to be positioned in the wellbore104for performing one or more wellbore operations. The tubular102can be coupled to walls of the wellbore104via cement or other suitable coupling material. For example, a cement layer110can be positioned or formed between the tubular102and the walls of the wellbore104for coupling the tubular102to the wellbore104. The tubular102can be coupled to the wellbore104using other suitable techniques. Additionally, while illustrated as a downhole tubular, the tubular102may instead be or include a surface tubular, such as a pipeline.

In some examples, the tubular102can include carbon-based steel or other suitable types of carbon-based steel alloys. Additionally, in an example, the wellbore104can include or provide a sour environment that includes water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or any combination thereof. The sour environment may cause the tubular102to degrade due to the material, such as the carbon-based steel, of the tubular102interacting with the sour environment. Additionally, pressure from the subterranean formation106or other suitable environmental characteristics of the subterranean formation106may cause deformations in the tubular102or may cause degradation of a bond between the tubular102and the cement layer110. Thus, the integrity of the tubular102and the quality of the bond between the tubular102and the cement layer110may be measured, estimated, predicted, or the like to prevent failure of the tubular102while positioned with respect to the wellbore104.

The well system100can also include a computing device140that can analyze data associated with vibration the tubular102to evaluate the tubular102with respect to the environment provided by the wellbore104or the well system100. The computing device140can be positioned at the well surface122of the well system100. In some examples, the computing device140can be positioned downhole in the wellbore104, remote from the well system100, or in other suitable locations with respect to the well system100. The computing device140can be communicatively coupled to any suitable component such as the well tool108, devices embedded in the well tool108such as a laser vibrometer, a laser distance meter, etc. For example, as illustrated inFIG.1, the computing device140can include an antenna142that can allow the computing device140to receive and to send communications relating to the well system100, the tubular102, and the like. The computing device140can receive data relating to vibration of the tubular102. The computing device140can use the received data to determine a status of the tubular102, a status of the cement layer110, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the computing device140can output the status of the tubular102, the status of the cement layer110, or a combination thereof for use in optimizing the tubular102with respect to the well system100. The design of the tubular102, the position of the tubular102, repairs to the tubular102, and the like can be optimized.

FIG.2is a schematic a system for tubular202evaluation using vibration according to one example of the present disclosure. The tubular202can correspond to the tubular102ofFIG.1and the wellbore204can correspond to the wellbore104ofFIG.1. As depicted, the tubular202can be a downhole tubular that can be positioned in the wellbore204. The tubular202may include a casing string, a tubing string, or the like. The tubular202can transport material produced from the wellbore204, material for use in the wellbore204, etc. A cement layer210can be positioned or formed between the tubular202and a subterranean formation214for protecting the tubular202, positioning the tubular202, coupling the tubular202to walls of the wellbore204, or a combination thereof. The tubular202can include a conveyance mechanism212. The conveyance mechanism212may be a cable conveyance mechanism such as slickline, downhole tractors, or wireline. The conveyance mechanism212may also be a pipe conveyance mechanism such as drill pipe or a cable-pipe conveyance mechanism such as coiled tubing. Additionally, a measurement tool206can be coupled to the conveyance mechanism212for positioning the measurement tool206downhole in the wellbore204and within the tubular202.

A vibration-inducing device (not depicted) can cause vibration in the tubular202. For example, the vibration-inducing device can be a Lorentz force device. In an example, the Lorentz force device can include one or more permanent magnets and one or more current carrying coils to generate electromagnetic pulses that can cause the tubular202to vibrate. A mechanical jar or mechanical hammer can generate mechanical pulses that can cause the tubular202to vibrate. Additionally, a roller device with an irregular pattern can move along a length of the tubular202and the irregular pattern contacting the tubular202can cause the tubular202to vibrate.

Additionally, an interferometer208can be coupled with the measurement tool206. In some examples, the measurement tool206may rotate to position the interferometer208. The interferometer208can be a device for measuring the interference pattern between two or more sources of light. In some examples, the interferometer208can be a laser interferometer such as a Michelson laser interferometer, a laser vibrometer, etc., or the interferometer208can be another suitable device for detecting vibration. Laser distancing devices, such as a laser distance meter, may also be coupled with the measurement tool206for detecting a distance between the measurement tool206and the tubular202.

In some examples, the vibration-inducing device can cause vibration in the tubular202and the interferometer208can detect the vibration. For example, the Lorentz force device can cause vibration of the tubular202and the interferometer208can detect the vibration. The interferometer208can be a laser vibrometer. The laser vibrometer may be a two-beam laser interferometer that can use the Doppler effect to measure vibration. The Doppler effect can be a change in frequency due to reflection of a wave off of a moving object (e.g., the vibrating tubular202). The laser vibrometer can analyze an interference pattern between a laser beam directed to the tubular202and a reference laser beam not directed to the tubular202. The laser vibrometer can, via analysis of the interference pattern, determine a doppler shift of the laser beam reflecting off the tubular202during vibration. An amplitude and frequency of the laser beam can be extracted from the Doppler shift and can be used to determine a status of the tubular202, a status of the cement layer210, or a combination thereof. The status of the tubular202may be associated with detecting damage to the tubular202. The status of the cement layer210may be associated with detecting damage to the cement layer210or detecting an area of the cement layer210not sufficiently sealing the annulus between the wellbore204and the tubular202.

For example, the amplitude of a vibrational wave, a light wave, or other suitable wave detected by the interferometer208can be a magnitude of the vibration experienced by the tubular202. The amplitude of an energy wave reflected off the tubular202may be indicative of the stress experienced by the tubular202due to the vibration. A higher amplitude can be associated with higher stress, which can suggest that the tubular202has undergone damage, the tubular202may be prone to damage, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the frequency of the vibration of the tubular202can be used to determine a thickness of the tubular202. Thus, the frequency of vibration of the tubular202can also be indicative of damage to the tubular202. For example, a segment of the tubular202with a high frequency of vibration may be thinner than a segment of the tubular202with a lower frequency of vibration. Additionally, damping of the energy wave detected by the interferometer208can be a measure of a reduction of the amplitude of the energy wave. The damping of the energy wave can be used to determine an impedance of the cement layer210. In an example, a high impedance can indicate a strong bond between the tubular202and the cement layer210.

FIG.3is a schematic of a system300for tubular302evaluation using vibration according to one example of the present disclosure. The tubular302can be positioned in a wellbore304. A cement layer310can be positioned in an annulus between the tubular302and a subterranean formation314surrounding the wellbore304. The system can include a conveyance mechanism312coupled to measurement tools306a-c. The conveyance mechanism312can position the measurement tools306a-cwithin the tubular302. Additionally, interferometers308a-ccan be coupled to the measurement tools306a-c. The interferometers308a-ccan be positioned, via the coupling with the measurement tools306a-c, a distance apart to facilitate measurements of vibration at multiple locations along a length of the tubular302.

In some examples, one or more vibration-inducing devices can cause vibration at one or more locations along the length of the tubular302and the interferometers308a-ccan detect the vibration at the one or more locations. The positioning of the interferometers308a-ccan enable evaluation of the tubular302and the cement layer310at multiple depths. The system300can detect vibration via a pulse-echo configuration or the system300can detect vibration via a pitch-catch configuration. In the pulse-echo configuration the vibration can be detected at a location an electromagnetic pulse, acoustic pulse, mechanical pulse, or other suitable energy pulse caused the vibration. In the pitch-catch configuration the vibration can be caused by the energy pulse at first location and the vibration can be detected at a second location as the vibration propagates along the length of the tubular302. Additionally, in an example, a vibration-inducing device can cause vibration at a location on the tubular302and the interferometers308a-ccan detect, at multiple locations, a propagation of the vibration along the length of the tubular302. The interferometers308a-cmay simultaneously detect the vibration at the multiple locations or the interferometers308a-cmay stagger detection by a certain amount of time.

FIG.4is a schematic of a system400for tubular402evaluation using vibration according to one example of the present disclosure. The tubular402can be positioned in a wellbore404. A cement layer410can be formed in an annulus between the tubular402and a subterranean formation414surrounding the wellbore404. The system400can include a conveyance mechanism412coupled to a measurement tool406. The conveyance mechanism412can position the measurement tool406within the tubular402. Interferometers408a-bcan be coupled to the measurement tool406and can be positioned along an edge of the measurement tool406a distance apart.

In some examples, the interferometers408a-bcan facilitate measurements of vibration at multiple locations along an azimuth of the tubular402. In an example, each of the interferometers408a-bcan be associated with an energy pulse to provide multiple pulse-echo configurations along the azimuth of the tubular402. The detection of vibration of the tubular402by the interferometers408a-bcan be used to determine frequency values, amplitude values, or other suitable measurements for a segment of the tubular. The frequency values, amplitude values, or other suitable measurements can be averaged or otherwise used in combination to determine a status of the segment of the tubular402, a status of a segment of the cement layer410associated with the segment of the tubular, or a combination thereof. Additionally, by detecting vibration at multiple locations along the azimuth of the tubular402, the frequency values, the amplitude values, and the other suitable measurements can be independent of eccentricity. Thus, the measurement tool406can be positioned in a location non-central relative the tubular402and accurate data can be generated to evaluate the tubular402. The use of the interferometers408a-bcan further enable evaluation of the tubular402without requiring rotation or repositioning of the measurement tool406.

Additionally, or alternatively, the system400can include laser distancing devices such as laser distancing meters. The laser distancing devices can be used to measure one or more radial distances from the interferometers408a-bto the tubular402. The laser distancing devices can, via the one or more radial distances, guide positioning of an interferometer408awithin a section of the measurement tool406or positioning of the measurement tool406within the tubular402. In some examples, frequency, amplitude, or other suitable measurements can be dependent on eccentricity. Thus, the one or more radial distances can be used to position the measurement tool406in a center of the tubular402. Additionally, in some examples, an echo of an energy wave detect by the interferometers408a-bcan be independent of eccentricity when detected as a particular location. Thus, the laser distancing devices can be used to position the interferometers408a-bto detect the echo at the particular location.

FIG.5is a top view of a measurement tool506that can be used in tubular evaluation according to one example of the present disclosure. In some examples, interferometers508a-dcan facilitate measurements of vibration at multiple locations along an azimuth of a tubular. In an example, each of the interferometers508a-dcan be associated with an energy pulse to provide multiple pulse-echo configurations along the azimuth of the tubular. Additionally, the use of the interferometers508a-dcan enable evaluation of the tubular without requiring rotation or repositioning of the measurement tool506.

Additionally, or alternatively, the measurement tool506can be coupled to additional devices associated with multiple laser measurement techniques. For example, the additional devices may include laser distancing meters, laser vibrometers, LiDAR systems, or other suitable laser measurement devices or techniques. The interferometers508a-d, the additional devices, or a combination thereof can be used to generate data that can be used to determine parameters associated with the tubular. For example, vibrational frequency data can be used to determine a thickness of the tubular. Additionally, amplitude data can be used to determine a damping of the vibrational wave. The damping of the vibrational wave can be used to determine the impedance of the cement layer. The parameters can further be used to determine a status of the cement layer, a status of the tubular, or a combination thereof.

FIG.6is a flowchart of a process600for evaluating a tubular202using vibration according to one example of the present disclosure. Aspects ofFIG.6are discussed in reference toFIG.2. The tubular202can experience deformation, corrosion, or other suitable damage while positioned in a wellbore204. Additionally, a cement layer210can be positioned adjacent to the tubular202to seal an annulus between the tubular202and the wellbore204. The cement layer210may also experience damage over time or a bond between the cement layer210and the tubular202may degrade over time. Thus, the tubular202can be evaluated to determine a status of the tubular202or a status of the cement layer210. For example, a status of the tubular can indicate damage to the tubular202. Additionally, the status of the cement layer210can indicate a lack of contact between the tubular202and the cement layer210.

At block602, the system200can deploy, via a conveyance mechanism212, a measurement tool206downhole in the wellbore204that includes the tubular202therein. The conveyance mechanism212may position the measurement tool206at a depth in the tubular202to obtain data associated with a particular portion of the tubular202. The tubular202may include a downhole tubular that can be positioned in a wellbore204, a surface tubular that can be positioned at the surface of a well system, or a combination thereof. The downhole tubular can include a casing string, a tubing string, or the like, and the surface tubular can include a surface pipeline, etc. The tubular202can be used with respect to one or more wellbore operations. The conveyance mechanism212can be any suitable apparatus for deploying the measurement tool206such as wireline, slickline, or drill pipe. The measurement tool206can be a rotating or stationary head coupled to a portion of the conveyance mechanism212.

At block604, the system200can induce, via the vibration-inducing device, vibration in the tubular202. In an example, the system200can position the vibration-inducing device to cause the tubular202to vibrate at a location along the length of the tubular202. The vibration-inducing device can be positioned using the conveyance mechanism212, the measurement tool206, or other suitable components associated with the wellbore204or tubular202. The vibration-inducing device can be a Lorentz force device or other suitable device that can generate electromagnetic pulses to cause the vibration in the tubular202. The vibration-inducing device can also be a mechanical hammer, a mechanical jar, a roller device, or other suitable device that can generate mechanical pulses to cause the vibration in the tubular202. Additionally, a speaker or other suitable device can generate acoustic pulses to cause the vibration in the tubular202.

At block606, the system200can detect, via an interferometer208coupled to the measurement tool206, the vibration in the tubular202to generate data that is useable to determine at least one status of the tubular202and at least one status of the cement layer210. The conveyance mechanism212and the measurement tool206can position the interferometer208to detect the vibration in the tubular202at a particular location. The interferometer208can be positioned by rotation of the measurement tool206. In some examples, the measurement tool206can include sections and the interferometer208can be positioned within the sections. Additionally, in some examples, the interferometer208can be a laser interferometer such as a Michelson laser interferometer, a laser vibrometer, or the like. The laser interferometer can be optically directed using, for example, beam splitters, turning optics, or other suitable devices, to detect the vibration in the tubular202at the particular location.

In an example, the laser interferometer can analyze an interference pattern between a laser beam reflecting off the tubular202during vibration and a reference laser beam that does not interact with the tubular202. The data, such as frequency data, amplitude data, and other suitable data can be obtained from analysis of the interference pattern. The data can be used to determine parameters associated with the tubular202or the cement layer210, determine a status of the tubular202, determine a status of the cement layer210, or a combination thereof. For example, the frequency data can be used to determine a thickness of the tubular202. The thickness can be used to determine the status of the tubular202including, for example, whether the tubular202has experienced corrosion. Additionally, the amplitude data can be used to determine an impedance of the cement layer210. The impedance of the cement layer210can be used to determine the status of the cement layer210including, for example, whether the cement layer210is securely bonded to the tubular202.

Additionally or alternatively, the system200can include a computing device. The system200may, via the computing device, receive data associated with the vibration of the tubular202as detected by the interferometer208. The computing device may, determine, based on the data, the parameters associated with the tubular202. For example, the system200can detect, by the interferometer208, at least one vibrational wave and determine a damping of the at least one vibrational wave. The damping of the at least one vibrational wave can be a measure of oscillatory decay of the at least one vibration wave. The oscillatory decay of the at least one vibrational wave can be due to interaction with the tubular202, propagation through a medium, other suitable factors affecting the at least vibrational wave, or a combination thereof. Additionally, an impedance of a segment of the cement layer210can be determined based on the damping of the at least one vibrational wave. The impedance of the segment of the cement layer210can be a measure of resistance to the vibration imposed on the tubular202. For example, a tubular202with a strong bond to the cement layer210may resist vibration and cause significant oscillatory decay of the at least one vibrational wave. The system200can also determine a frequency of the vibration in the tubular. The frequency can be a number of vibrations that occur in a given amount of time, and can be indicative of a thickness of the tubular202.

Additionally, the system200may, via the computing device, determine, based on the parameters, at least one status of the tubular202and at least one status of the cement layer210. For example, a parameter can be a high impedance due to the cement layer210increasing tubular resistance to vibration. Thus, as an example, the status of the cement layer210can indicate a strong bond between the segment of the cement layer210and the tubular202. Additionally, a first frequency associated with a first segment of the tubular202can be lower than a second frequency associated with a second segment of the tubular202. This may indicate the first segment of the tubular202has a greater thickness than the second segment of the tubular202. Thus, a status of the second segment of the tubular202can indicate corrosion or damage to the second segment of the tubular202.

In some examples, the system200may execute an adjustment to a position of the interferometer208based on a target location for detecting the vibration of the tubular202. For example, the target location can be a location for which measurements obtained can be independent of eccentricity. Additionally, the system200may execute an adjustment to a position of the measurement tool206based on the target location, at least one distance between the measurement tool206and the tubular202, or a combination thereof. The adjustments to the interferometer and the measurement tool can facilitate accurate and comprehensive evaluation of the tubular202and the cement layer210.

Additionally or alternatively, the system200can position a plurality of interferometers a distance apart relative to the length of the tubular202and position the plurality of interferometers axially relative to the tubular202(e.g., as depicted inFIG.3). The system200may detect, via the plurality of interferometers, vibrations as more than one location along the length of the tubular202. The system200may also position a second plurality of interferometers a distance apart along an edge of the measurement tool206and position the second plurality of interferometers azimuthally relative to the tubular202(e.g., as depicted inFIG.4). The system200may detect vibration at multiple locations along an azimuth of the tubular202via the second plurality of interferometers. Additionally, the system200may determine, via the second plurality of interferometers, at least one radial distance between the second plurality of interferometers and the tubular202. In some examples, laser distancing meters, lidar, or other suitable laser measuring techniques can also be integrated in the measurement tool206.

In a particular example, the tubular202can include multiple measurement tools positioned a distance apart (e.g., as depicted inFIG.3.). Additionally, the multiple measurement tools can have multiple interferometers (e.g., as depicted inFIG.4andFIG.5). Thus, vibration can be detected at multiple depths of the tubular202and along multiple azimuths associated with the multiple depths to generate comprehensive data for evaluating the tubular202.

FIG.7is a block diagram of a computing device140for evaluating a tubular using vibration according to one example of the present disclosure. The components shown inFIG.7, such as a processor704, a memory710, a power source722, an input/output708, and the like may be integrated into a single structure such as within a single housing of a computing device140. Alternatively, the components shown inFIG.7can be distributed from one another and in electrical communication with each other.

The computing device140can include the processor704, the memory710, and a bus706. The processor704can execute one or more operations for evaluating the tubular positioned in a wellbore using data714associated with vibration of the tubular. The processor704can execute instructions712stored in the memory710to perform the operations. The processor704can include one processing device or multiple processing devices or cores. Non-limiting examples of the processor704include a Field-Programmable Gate Array (“FPGA”), an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), a microprocessor, etc.

The processor704can be communicatively coupled to the memory710via the bus706. The non-volatile memory may include any type of memory device that retains stored information when powered off. Non-limiting examples of the memory710may include EEPROM, flash memory, or any other type of non-volatile memory. In some examples, at least part of the memory710can include a medium from which the processor704can read instructions712. A computer-readable medium can include electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage devices capable of providing the processor704with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Nonlimiting examples of a computer-readable medium include (but are not limited to) magnetic disk(s), memory chip(s), ROM, RAM, an ASIC, a configured processor, optical storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions712. The instructions712can include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, Perl, Java, Python, etc.

In some examples, the memory710can be a non-transitory computer readable medium and can include computer program instructions712. For example, the computer program instructions712can be executed by the processor704for causing the processor704to perform various operations. For example, the processor704can receive data714associated vibration of a tubular. The vibration can be caused by a vibration-inducing device and the vibration can be detected by an interferometer coupled to a measurement tool. The processor704can further determine, based on the data714, parameters715associated with the tubular and a cement layer. The cement layer can be positioned between the tubular and a subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore. Additionally, the processor704can determine, based on the parameters715, at least one status of the tubular716and at least one status of a cement layer718.

In some examples, the processor704may receive the data714from a plurality of interferometers. Thus, the data714can be associated with vibration at more than one location along the length of the tubular. Additionally, the processor704may receive data714from a second plurality of interferometers. The data714can be associated with at least one radial distance between a second plurality of interferometers and the tubular.

In some examples, the parameters715determined by the processor704can include a damping of at least one vibrational wave associated with vibration of the tubular, a frequency of the vibration of the tubular, or other suitable parameters. Additionally, the processor704can determine, based on the damping of the at least one vibrational wave, an impedance of a segment of the cement layer. The impedance can indicate a resistance to vibration of the segment of the cement layer, a segment of the tubular associated with the segment of the cement layer, or a combination thereof. The impedance can be used to determine the status of the cement layer718, such as the status of the bond between the segment of the cement layer and the segment of the tubular. Additionally, in an example, the processor704can determine a first impedance of a first segment of the cement layer and can determine a second impedance of a second segment of the cement layer. The processor704may generate, based on the second impedance being less than the first impedance, an alert720for a user, the alert720associated with the status of the cement layer718and the alert providing an indication of a disruption to a bonding of the cement layer and the tubular.

The processor704may further determine, based the frequency of the vibration of the tubular, a thickness of a segment of the tubular. The thickness of the segment of the tubular can be used to determine a status of the tubular716. For example, the status of the tubular716can be associated with damage to the tubular since, for example, a damaged segment of the tubular may be less thick than a nondamaged segment of the tubular. In an example, the processor704may determine a first thickness of a first segment of the tubular and determine a second thickness of a second segment of the tubular. The processor may generate, based on the second thickness being less than the first thickness, the alert720for a user, the alert720associated with the status of the tubular716and the alert720providing an indication of damage to the tubular. In some examples, additional alerts, statuses, or a combination thereof can be generated by the processor704.

The computing device140can additionally include the input/output708. The input/output708can connect to a keyboard, a pointing device, a display, other computer input/output devices or any combination thereof. An operator or other suitable user may provide input using the input/output708. Data relating to the wellbore, the tubular, the cement layer, or a combination thereof can be displayed to an operator or other suitable user related to a wellbore operation through a display that is connected to or is part of the input/output708. The displayed values can be observed by the operator, a supervisor, or other suitable user related to a wellbore operation, who can adjust the wellbore operation based on the displayed values. The displayed value can be an alert associated with the status of the tubular716, the status of the cement layer718, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the computing device140can, instead of displaying the values, automatically control or adjust the measurement tool, the interferometer, the tubular, or other component associated with the wellbore operation based on the displayed values. For example, the processor704may execute an adjustment to a position of the interferometer based on a target location for detecting vibration in the tubular. Additionally, the processor704may also execute an adjustment to a position of the measurement tool based on at least one distance between the measurement tool and the tubular.

In some aspects, systems and methods for downhole status detection using vibration are provided according to one or more of the following examples:

Example 1 is a system comprising: a measurement tool coupled to a conveyance mechanism for positioning the measurement tool downhole in a wellbore, the wellbore including a tubular; a vibration-inducing device for causing the tubular to vibrate; and an interferometer coupled to the measurement tool for detecting the vibration in the tubular to generate data that is usable to determine at least one status of the tubular or at least one status of a cement layer, the cement layer positioned between the tubular and a subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore.

Example 2 is the system of example(s) 1, further comprising a plurality of interferometers, wherein the plurality of interferometers are positioned a distance apart relative to a length of the tubular and positioned axially relative to the tubular to detect the vibration in the tubular at more than one location along the length of the tubular.

Example 3 is the system of example(s) 1-2, further comprising a second plurality of interferometers, wherein the second plurality of interferometers are positioned a distance apart along an edge of the measurement tool and positioned azimuthally relative to the tubular to determine at least one radial distance between the second plurality of interferometers and the tubular.

Example 4 is the system of example(s) 1-3, wherein the vibration-inducing device is positionable to cause the vibration in the tubular at a location along a length of the tubular and the interferometer is positionable to detect the vibration in the tubular at the location along the length of the tubular.

Example 5 is the system of example(s) 1-4, further comprising: a processing device; and a memory device that includes instructions executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to perform operations comprising: receiving, by the processing device, data associated with the vibration in the tubular detected by the interferometer; determining, based on the data, parameters associated with the tubular and the cement layer; and determining, based on the parameters, the at least one status of the tubular and the at least one status of the cement layer.

Example 6 is the system of example(s) 1-5, wherein the operation of determining, based on the data, parameters associated with the tubular and the cement layer further comprises: determining a damping of at least one vibrational wave associated with the vibration in the tubular; determining a frequency of the vibration in the tubular; determining, based on the damping of the at least one vibrational wave, an impedance of a segment of the cement layer, the impedance associated with a bonding of the cement layer to the tubular; and determining, based the frequency, a thickness of a segment of the tubular.

Example 7 is the system of example(s) 1-6, further comprising the operations of: executing, by the processing device, an adjustment to a position of the interferometer based on a target location for detecting the vibration in the tubular; and executing, by the processing device, an adjustment to a position of the measurement tool based on at least one distance between the measurement tool and the tubular.

Example 8 is a method comprising: deploying, via a conveyance mechanism, a measurement tool downhole in a wellbore that includes a tubular therein; inducing, via a vibration-inducing device, vibration in the tubular; and detecting, via an interferometer coupled to the measurement tool, the vibration in the tubular to generate data that is useable to determine at least one status of the tubular or at least one status of a cement layer, the cement layer positioned between the tubular and a subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore.

Example 9 is the method of example(s) 8, further comprising: positioning a plurality of interferometers a distance apart relative a length of the tubular and positioning the plurality of interferometers axially relative to the tubular; and detecting, via the plurality of interferometers, the vibration in the tubular at more than one location along the length of the tubular.

Example 10 is the method of example(s) 8-9, further comprising: positioning a second plurality of interferometers a distance apart along an edge of the measurement tool and positioning the second plurality of interferometers azimuthally relative to the tubular; and determining, via the second plurality of interferometers, at least one radial distance between the second plurality of interferometers and the tubular.

Example 11 is the method of example(s) 8-10, further comprising: positioning the vibration-inducing device to cause the vibration in the tubular at a location along a length of the tubular; and detecting, via the interferometer, the vibration in the tubular at the location along the length of the tubular.

Example 12 is the method of example(s) 8-11, further comprising: receiving data associated with the vibration in the tubular; determining, based on the data, parameters associated with the tubular and the cement layer; and determining, based on the parameters, the at least one status of the tubular and the at least one status of the cement layer.

Example 13 is the method of example(s) 8-12, wherein determining, based on the data, parameters associated with the tubular and the cement layer further comprises: determining a damping of at least one vibrational wave associated with the vibration in the tubular; determining a frequency of the vibration in the tubular; determining, based on the damping of the at least one vibrational wave, an impedance of a segment of the cement layer, the impedance associated with a bonding of the cement layer to the tubular; and determining, based the frequency, a thickness of a segment of the tubular.

Example 14 is the method of example(s) 8-13, further comprising: executing an adjustment to a position of the interferometer based on a target location for detecting the vibration in the tubular; and executing an adjustment to a position of the measurement tool based on at least one distance between the measurement tool and the tubular.

Example 15 is a system comprising: a processing device; and a memory device that includes instructions executable by the processing device for causing the processing device to perform operations comprising: receiving, by the processing device, data associated with vibration in a tubular positioned in a wellbore, the vibration in the tubular detected by an interferometer coupled to a measurement tool, the vibration in the tubular caused by a vibration-inducing device; determining, based on the data, parameters associated with the tubular and a cement layer, the cement layer positioned between the tubular and a subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore; and determining, based on the parameters, at least one status of the tubular or at least one status of a cement layer.

Example 16 is the system of example(s) 15, wherein determining, based on the data, the parameters associated with the tubular and the cement layer further comprises: determining a damping of at least one vibrational wave associated with vibration in the tubular; determining a frequency of the vibration in the tubular; determining, based on the damping of the at least one vibrational wave, an impedance of a segment of the cement layer; and determining, based on the frequency, a thickness of a segment of the tubular.

Example 17 is the system of example(s) 15-16, further comprising: executing, by the processing device, an adjustment to a position of the interferometer based on a target location for detecting the vibration in the tubular; and executing, by the processing device, an adjustment to a position of the measurement tool based on at least one distance between the measurement tool and the tubular.

Example 18 is the system of example(s) 15-17, further comprising: determining a first thickness of a first segment of the tubular; determining a second thickness of a second segment of the tubular; and generating, based on the second thickness being less than the first thickness, an alert for a user, the alert providing an indication of damage to the tubular.

Example 19 is the system of example(s) 15-18, further comprising: determining a first impedance of a first segment of the cement layer; determining a second impedance of a second segment of the cement layer; and generating, based on the second impedance being less than the first impedance, an alert for a user, the alert providing an indication of a disruption to a bonding of the cement layer and the tubular.

Example 20 is the system of example(s) 15-19, wherein receiving, by the processing device, data associated with the vibration in the tubular further comprises: receiving data associated with vibration in the tubular to more than one location along a length of the tubular, the vibration in the tubular detected by a plurality of interferometers positioned a distance apart relative to a length of the tubular and positioned axially relative to the tubular; and receiving data associated with at least one radial distance between a second plurality of interferometers and the tubular, the at least one radial distance detected by the second plurality of interferometers positioned a distance apart along an edge of the measurement tool and positioned azimuthally relative to the tubular.