Method of making marble-like porcelain figurines

A molding method of making a porcelain figurine having marble-like or variegated characteristics on its surface and throughout its thickness is disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to porcelain figurines, and more particularly to 
porcelain figurines which have the appearance of being made of marble. 
Statuettes and figurines made of marble, while beautiful and sturdy, are 
heavy and very expensive due to the high price of the marble as well as 
the cost of having the piece hand sculpted. 
A need has therefore arisen for figurines which, while appearing to have 
been hand sculpted from marble, in fact are made of porcelain using 
conventional molds. Objects so constructed are significantly less 
expensive and lighter in weight than those made from solid marble but yet 
possess exceptional beauty. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,542 to Perantoni et al. discloses a method of producing 
a marble-like porcelain enamel surface. A key disadvantage of objects made 
by this method is that only the surface of the object is marbleized; the 
remainder of the object remains non-marbleized. This gives the object a 
cheap, painted appearance, and fails to meet consumer demand for 
authentic-looking, marble-like figurines. Additionally, as with any 
surface coating, it is vulnerable to wearing off, being scraped, chipped, 
etc. Another disadvantage with marbleizing only the surface of the object 
is the fact the design can be easily replicated. This characteristic is 
unpopular to many consumers who desire art objects which are individual, 
original, and unique, rather than those which appear to have been mass 
produced. 
Other U.S. patents uncovered disclose a process for making marbleized 
pottery wherein a basic cement slurry and a colored slurry are poured into 
a rotating mold such that each stream of slurry maintains its color 
integrity (U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,078 to Allen et al); and a process for 
making china or ceramic sanitary wear having a marbleized appearance (U.S. 
Pat. No. 3,812,229 to Anderson). Other U.S. patents which represent the 
state of the art are U.S. Pat. No. 97,004 to Volckmann; and U.S. Pat. No. 
1,657,997 to Hyten. None however, describe or suggest the process 
according to this invention. 
SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
In view of the foregoing, it should be apparent that a need still exists in 
the art for a genuine-looking marbleized porcelain figurine wherein the 
marbleization cannot be removed. 
Accordingly, it is a primary object of this invention to provide a 
porcelain figurine which is marbleized throughout its entire thickness. 
Another object of this invention is to provide a marbleized porcelain 
figurine which can be made inexpensively, using one or more colored 
porcelain slips and conventional molds and kilns. 
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a marbleized porcelain 
figurine which is esthetically pleasing. 
Still another object of the invention is to provide a marbleized porcelain 
figurine, wherein the marbleization is permanent so as not to rub off or 
be susceptible to chipping. 
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a marbleized porcelain 
figurine having a one-of-a kind appearance incapable of duplication. 
Still another object of this invention is to provide a marbleized porcelain 
figurine which is lightweight and yet resembles much heavier sculptured 
marble. 
Generally, in the method of the present invention one or more different 
colors of porcelain slip are introduced into a mold and mixed either prior 
to pouring or during the pouring into a mold thereby producing a 
marbleized effect throughout the entire thickness of the object rather 
than merely on the surface thereof. Many different effects can be achieved 
by controlling the manner in which mixing is carried out. The invention is 
not limited to the number of colored slips which can be used at one time. 
As little as one and up to about 10 different colored slips have to be 
used with varying proportions. After molding, the piece is removed from 
the mold, dried, cleaned, fired to soft bisque state, washed, glazed, 
fired to porcelain state, accented and fired again to provide a finished 
figurine having unique aesthetic qualities. 
Important features of the present invention reside in the cleaning and 
washing steps after the piece is dried to the greenware state and fired to 
the soft bisque state, respectively. This results in the removal of fine 
particles, which, if not removed, causes undesirable surface imperfections 
in the final product. 
With the foregoing and other objects, advantages and features of the 
invention that will become hereinafter apparent, the nature of the 
invention may be more clearly understood by reference to the following 
detailed description of the invention, the appended claims and to the 
several views illustrated in the attached drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring now in detail to the drawings wherein like parts are designated 
by like reference numerals throughout, there is shown in FIG. 1 a black 
and white photographic reproduction of a dolphin figurine 10 made 
according to the method of the present invention. It is a key feature of 
the present invention that figurine 10 appears to the observer to have 
been sculpted from solid marble. Nevertheless, as explained in detail 
below, figurine 10 is constructed of a significantly lighter and less 
expensive material, namely, porcelain. As shown in FIG. 1, the dolphin 10 
is integrally formed atop a pedestal 12. A marble-like effect 14, 16 is 
achieved by using contrasting colored slips which are partially blended 
either prior to or during the casting operation, as will be described in 
greater detail hereinafter. 
Although the embodiment shown is a figurine of a dolphin, the method of the 
instant invention can be used to create statuettes and figurines of any 
shape or size such as animals, religious figures and symbols, busts of 
individuals, etc. 
Generally, the wall thickness of the hollow porcelain figurines of this 
invention preferably range from about 40-70 mils. The figurines vary in 
size from about 1" to 10" in height, from about 1" to 10" in length and 
from about 1" to 5" in width. 
Referring now to the block diagram of FIG. 3, one preferred method of 
producing the dophin figurine 10 will be described. 
A. Preparing the Slips 
Approximately one gallon of a conventional liquid porcelain slip of a first 
color was emptied into a container and mixed using a stirring tool to a 
consistency which is suitable for pouring. The stirring tool, preferably 
made of wood, should not be coated with paint, shellac or other coating 
capable of flaking off or dissolving in the slip. The mixed slip was then 
strained using a conventional household strainer. 
A porcelain slip of a second color was then similarly prepared and strained 
in the manner detailed above. 
B. Mixing of the Slips 
Approximately twenty-four ounces of the first colored slip was poured into 
a glass mixing and pouring dish, the dimensions of which are approximately 
33 cm.times.25 cm.times.5 cm. Naturally, other suitable mixing containers 
could be used. Approximately eight ounces of the second colored slip was 
then poured into the center of the dish and mixed or blended in part with 
the first colored slip using an appropriate stirring tool, preferably made 
of wood. Stirring was carried out in random directions such that the 
finished piece produced was variegated and distinctive. For example, the 
tool can be placed in the center of the second colored slip and moved to 
the sides of the dish in a plurality of directions. 
C. Molding the Slips 
After being stirred, the contents of the dish were poured into a ceramic 
type mold forming the dolphin article. Examples of the types of molds 
which may be employed are those made by Indiana Hobby of Chandlier, Ind., 
Scioto Ceramic Products, of Grave City, Ohio, Gare of Haverhill, Mass., 
Kimple Mold Corp. of Goddard, Kans., and Duncan Enterprises of Fresno, 
Calif. Alternately, the colored slips can be simultaneously poured 
directly into the mold from separate containers and mixed "on the fly". 
The resulting mixed slip was left in the mold from one to four minutes to 
achieve the desired wall thickness. 
D. Drying to Greenware State 
The mold was then placed on a drying rack with the pouring hole face down 
for between twenty minutes and one hour depending on the room temperature 
and humidity. The mold was then opened for about ten minutes and the 
molded piece was allowed to dry in place to yield greenware. After the 
greenware was removed from the mold, it was left to dry for several days. 
When dry, the greenware piece was cleaned with conventional cleaning tools 
and nylon. Seams and other imperfections were removed by sanding, and then 
brushed to remove excess dust particles. 
E. Firing to the Soft Bisque State Washing 
The greenware piece was then placed in a kiln at about room temperature and 
fired to an elevated temperature, preferably in excess of 1800.degree. F. 
and more preferably between about 1880.degree. F. to 1890.degree. F. The 
kiln temperature was raised at a rate of about 500.degree./hr to prevent 
thermal shock to the molded piece. Although a firing temperature of about 
1888.degree. F. yields particularly good results, the temperature is not 
critical. After reaching the desired temperature, the kiln is cooled to 
room temperature at about 500.degree./hr. The firing temperature should be 
high enough to yield a soft bisque piece, which is sufficiently strong to 
withstand handling but not high enough to achieve a porcelainized state. 
In the soft bisque state the piece does not display the striking 
marble-like effect and is not yet in a porcelainized state. The soft 
bisque piece, however, allows for the removal of all dust particles prior 
to glazing and porcelainizing. The soft bisque piece is removed from the 
kiln where it is washed with water and allowed to dry thoroughly. 
F. Glazing and Firing to Porcelainize 
To give the piece a shine so as to more closely resemble marble, it is 
preferably coated with a clear glaze such as Ceramichrome NG1OO Clear 
Glaze. After the glaze dries, the coated soft bisque piece was again 
placed into the kiln at room temperature and heated to a temperature in 
excess of 2000.degree. F. to achieve a porcelainized state. At this state 
the marbeleizing effect is brought out. A firing temperature of between 
2190.degree. F. and 2200.degree. F. is preferred and about 2194.degree. F. 
is most preferred. The kiln temperature is raised at a rate of about 
500.degree./hr to prevent thermal shock. Thereafter, the kiln is allowed 
to cool to room temperature at the same rate as in heating and the piece 
is then removed. If the firing temperature is too low the piece does not 
achieve its porcelain state; if too high, the surface becomes bubbled. 
G. Accenting 
The cooled glazed piece was accented with liquid bright gold or China 
paints such as Dunan OG 801 Bright Gold or American Beauty China Paint. As 
seen in FIG. 2, the dolphin was accented at selected portions such as the 
fin 20, the nose 22 and the tail 24. Other figurines such as cats, dogs, 
owls, teddy bears, etc. would be similarly accented with gold or paint 
around the eyes, tail and feet. 
H. Final Firing 
After accenting, the glazed piece is again placed in a kiln at room 
temperature, fired to a temperature of preferably between 1280.degree. F. 
and 1290.degree. F., most preferably at 1285.degree. F. A similar heating 
and cooling rate of 500.degree./hr was used. After the piece was cooled it 
was removed from the kiln. 
In sum, a figurine produced according to the above method has a 
one-of-a-kind, unique and attractive marble-like appearance wherein no two 
pieces look the same. Moreover, the figurine will be marbleized throughout 
its entire thickness rather than merely on the surface. Any number of 
colored slips can be used to achieve unique surface designs. For example, 
colored slips such as white, black, brown, pink, green, and yellow have 
been used in various combinations with success. Although the invention is 
preferably used with slips of contrasting color, it is also applicable 
where only a single color slip is desired thereby yielding a figurine of 
one color which can be accented. 
Although only a preferred embodiment of the invention is specifically 
illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated that many 
modifications and variations of the invention are possible in light of the 
above teachings and within the purview of the appended claims without 
departing from the spirit and intended scope of the invention.