Safety apparatus for elevator

A safety apparatus for an elevator of the present invention includes an emergency stopping mechanism for generating a high frictional force to brake the elevator, a driving apparatus for operating the emergency stopping mechanism, a cam latch mechanism for releasing the driving apparatus when the speed of movement of the elevator reaches a critical speed, and a governor for activating the cam latch mechanism

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to a safety apparatus for an elevator which brakes 
the elevator when the speed of movement of the elevator reaches a 
prescribed critical speed. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
FIGS. 24(a) and 24(b) are a front elevational view and a plan view, 
respectively, of a governor which is a conventional safety apparatus for 
an elevator. Referring to FIGS. 24(a) and 24(b), reference numeral 12 
denotes a cage of the elevator, 13 a base of the elevator governor 
provided on the cage 12, and 14 an arm composed of two pairs of parallel 
links supported pivotally around fulcra 15 on the base 13. Reference 
numeral 16 denotes a pickup connected at two points to an end of the arm 
14 for detecting a rapid speed of the elevator. The pickup 16 has a 
magnetic circuit composed of a pair of magnets 16a disposed in an opposing 
relationship to a fixed conductor 18 on the opposite sides of the fixed 
conductor 18, and a back yoke 16b for assuring a path for magnetic fluxes 
of the magnets 16a. Reference numeral 17 denotes a balance weight provided 
at the other end of the arm 14 in a balanced relationship with the pickup 
16. It is to be noted that the governor is composed of the arm 14, fulcra 
15 of the base, pickup 16 and balance weight 17. Reference numeral 19 
denotes a spring which holds the arm 14 and converts a force (drag) acting 
upon the balance weight 17 into a displacement. Reference numeral 20a 
denotes a cage stopping switch, and this cage stopping switch 20a 
disconnects, by a displacement of the balance weight 17, a power supply 
for a winding machine or the like (not shown) for moving the elevator up 
and down. Reference numeral 21 denotes an emergency stopping operation 
bar, and this emergency stopping operation bar 21 activates an emergency 
stopping apparatus (brake apparatus (not shown)). 
Operation of the governor which is a conventional safety apparatus for an 
elevator is described below. 
The pickup 16 has a magnetic circuit composed of the magnets 16a and the 
back yoke 16b and produces a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of 
the fixed conductor 18 located between the two magnets 16a. When the cage 
12 moves up or down and the magnetic field moves in the fixed conductor 
18, such eddy current as cancels a variation of the magnetic field is 
generated in the fixed conductor 18, and a force (magnetic drag) having a 
magnitude corresponding to the speed of the cage 12 and acting in a 
direction to resist the movement of the cage 12 is generated on the 
magnets 16a. It is to be noted that a relationship between the speed V of 
the cage 12 and the generated magnetic drag F1 is illustrated in FIG. 26. 
This magnetic drag F1 is converted into a displacement of the pickup 16 
and the balance weight 17 in the upward or downward direction by the arm 
14 and the springs 19 as seen in FIG. 25. It is to be noted that a 
relationship between the pickup displacement (balance weight displacement) 
Z and the spring force F2 is illustrated in FIG. 27, and a relationship 
between the speed V of the cage 12 and the pickup displacement (balance 
weight displacement) Z is illustrated in FIG. 28. 
When the speed of downward movement of the cage 12 reaches a first 
over-speed (normally set to approximately to 1.3 times a rated speed) 
higher than a predetermined value, the magnets 16a are acted upon by an 
upward magnetic drag corresponding to the speed and displaces the balance 
weight 17 downwardly. Then, as a result of the displacement, the cage 
stopping switch 20a operates to disconnect the power supply to the 
elevator driving apparatus and the cage 12 stops. On the other hand, also 
when the speed of downward movement of the cage 12 reaches a second 
over-speed (normally set to approximately 1.4 times the rated speed) by 
some cause, the balance weight 17 is further displaced downwardly 
corresponding to the speed, and as a result of the displacement, the 
emergency stopping operation bar 21 moves to operate the emergency 
stopping apparatus (not shown) provided for the cage 12 so that the cage 
12 is stopped suddenly. 
It is to be noted that, in addition to the prior art described above, a 
technique similar to the present invention is disclosed in JP-A 5-147852 
or JP-A 6-321454. 
Since the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator is constructed in 
such a manner as described above, it has the following subjects. 
(a) In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, since the 
magnetic drag generated by eddy current is low comparing with a force 
necessary to activate the emergency stop and, even when the speed of 
downward movement of the cage reaches the second over-speed, the 
displacement of the pickup is small, there is a subject in that it is 
difficult only for the magnetic drag to activate the emergency stop and 
the stability of operation is low. 
(b) In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, while a balance 
weight is provided such that it may be balanced with the pickup, since the 
balance weight is connected to the emergency stopping apparatus (brake 
apparatus) by the emergency stopping operation bar or a like member, the 
entire connected apparatus is not in a well-balanced state, and 
consequently, there is another subject in that the pickup is liable to be 
displaced by a force applied to the case such as vibrations of the case 
(when passengers get in or out), and consequently, a malfunction is likely 
to occur. 
(c) In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, since the pickup 
is mounted at an end of the arm and the balance weight is mounted at the 
other end of the arm to establish a well-balanced relationship, there is a 
further subject in that a downward force for canceling the emergency stop 
cannot be applied in an ordinary operation and, even if it is tried to 
cancel a situation that the emergency stopping apparatus bites in the 
guide rail after the emergency stopping apparatus operates, the emergency 
stopping apparatus does not restore its initial state readily. 
(d) In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, if the speed of 
the cage temporarily fluctuates oscillatorily to a large extent when 
passengers get in or out or when passengers in the cage move violently, 
then the displacement of the pickup exhibits a large amount, and there is 
a still further subject in that the safety apparatus is liable to 
malfunction. 
(e) In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, since the 
governor and the emergency stopping apparatus are disposed separately 
above and below the cage, there is a yet further subject in that the 
safety apparatus has a large size as a whole. 
(f) In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, upon operation 
inspection or checking when it is installed at the site or maintenance of 
it is performed, the cage must actually be moved to check the operation, 
and there is a yet further subject in that an inspection or checking is 
difficult and dangerous. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention has been made to solve such subjects as described 
above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a safety 
apparatus for an elevator wherein an emergency stopping apparatus can be 
operated with certainty even if the magnetic drag of a governor which is 
generated when the speed of the elevator reaches a second over-speed is 
not sufficiently high. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a safety apparatus 
for an elevator which malfunctions less likely even if oscillations are 
produced with a cage. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a safety 
apparatus for an elevator wherein, after an emergency stop operates, the 
emergency stop can be canceled readily and an initial state can be 
restored readily. 
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a safety 
apparatus for an elevator which malfunctions less likely even if the speed 
of a cage temporarily fluctuates oscillatorily by a large amount when 
passengers get in or out or when passengers move violently in the cage. 
It is a yet further object of the present invention to provide a safety 
apparatus for an elevator which is small in size and simple in structure. 
It is a yet further object of the present invention to provide a safety 
apparatus for an elevator for which an inspection or maintenance can be 
performed readily. 
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
safety apparatus for an elevator, comprising a guide rail of a conductor 
securely disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the 
elevator, an emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of 
the elevator for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to 
brake the movable section, a governor mounted on the movable section for 
being displaced when a speed of the movable section reaches a critical 
speed to activate the emergency stopping mechanism, and an emergency 
stopping operation mechanism for transmitting the displacement of the 
governor to said emergency stopping mechanism. 
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
safety apparatus for an elevator, comprising a guide rail of a conductor 
securely disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the 
elevator, an emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of 
the elevator for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to 
brake the movable section, a driving apparatus for operating the emergency 
stopping mechanism, a cam latch mechanism mounted on the movable section 
for releasing, when a speed of the movable section reaches a critical 
speed, a driving force of the driving apparatus which has been restricted 
till then, and a governor mounted on the movable section for being 
displaced when the speed of the movable section reaches the critical speed 
to activate the cam latch mechanism. 
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the safety apparatus 
for an elevator is constructed such that the governor includes a pickup 
including a magnet and a back yoke which form a magnetic circuit together 
with the guide rail, a pivotal arm having the pickup mounted at an end 
thereof and having a balance weight mounted at the other end thereof for 
transmitting a displacement of the pickup, a main shaft securely mounted 
at a fulcrum of the arm so as to be rotated in response to a displacement 
of the arm, and a base for supporting the main shaft thereon. 
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the safety apparatus 
for an elevator is constructed such that the governor includes a cam 
mounted on a main shaft of the governor which is rotated in accordance 
with a speed of the movable section, and a latch arm mounted on the 
governor by a latch pin for pivotal motion around an axis of the latch pin 
and having an end held in contact with the cam and the other end connected 
to the driving apparatus, and when the speed of the movable section 
reaches the critical speed, the cam is rotated to release the driving 
force of the driving apparatus. 
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the safety apparatus 
for an elevator is constructed such that the driving apparatus includes a 
pulling up bar connected at an end thereof to the cam latch mechanism and 
at the other end thereof to the emergency stopping mechanism, and a spring 
element for lifting the pulling up bar when the speed of the movable 
section reaches the critical speed. 
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
safety apparatus for an elevator, comprising a guide rail of a conductor 
securely disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the 
elevator, an emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of 
the elevator for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to 
brake the movable section, a pulling up wedge mechanism disposed for 
wedging engagement with the guide rail to generate a driving force for the 
emergency stopping mechanism, a cam latch mechanism mounted on the movable 
section for cooperating, when a speed of the movable section reaches a 
critical speed, with the pulling up wedge mechanism to activate the 
pulling up wedge mechanism, a governor mounted on the movable section for 
being displaced when the speed of the movable section reaches the critical 
speed to activate the cam latch mechanism, and a link apparatus for 
connecting the cam latch mechanism to the emergency stopping mechanism to 
transmit the driving force generated by the pulling up wedge mechanism to 
the emergency stopping mechanism 
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
safety apparatus for an elevator, comprising a guide rail of a conductor 
securely disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the 
elevator, an emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of 
the elevator for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to 
brake the movable section, a governor for being displaced when a speed of 
the movable section reaches a critical speed, a pulling up wedge mechanism 
mounted on the governor for wedging engagement with the guide rail to 
generate a driving force for the emergency stopping mechanism, and a link 
apparatus for connecting the governor to the emergency stopping mechanism 
to transmit a driving force generated by the pulling up wedge mechanism to 
the emergency stopping mechanism. 
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises an 
auxiliary weight provided on any of the governor, emergency stopping 
operation mechanism and emergency stopping mechanism which is moved by the 
displacement of the governor. 
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the safety apparatus 
for an elevator is constructed such that the auxiliary weight is provided 
on an emergency stopping arm. 
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the safety apparatus 
for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises a 
cancellation arm provided on any of the governor, emergency stopping 
operation mechanism and emergency stopping mechanism which is moved by the 
displacement of the governor 
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises a 
cancellation cam provided along the path of upward and downward movement 
of the elevator for engaging with the cancellation arm. 
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises an 
emergency stop cancellation mechanism including a holding down bar 
connected at an end thereof to the cam latch mechanism and at the other 
end thereof to the emergency stopping mechanism and a hook apparatus for 
being engaged with and restricting the driving apparatus when the holding 
down bar moves upwardly but releasing the engagement and restriction of 
the driving apparatus when the holding down bar moves downwardly. 
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the hook apparatus 
includes a hook mounted on the holding down bar, and an unhooking pin 
mounted on the governor for releasing a pulling up bar when the holding 
down bar moves downwardly. 
According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the emergency stopping 
mechanism includes an emergency stopping arm mounted for pivotal motion on 
the movable section, an emergency stopping shoe mounted at an end portion 
of the emergency stopping arm, and an emergency stopping biting metal 
member disposed for wedging engagement with the emergency stopping shoe 
and the guide rail, that the driving apparatus includes a pulling up bar 
having an end connected to the cam latch mechanism and the other end 
connected for sliding movement to a portion of the emergency stopping arm 
in the proximity of a pivot shaft of the emergency stopping arm via an 
elongated hole, and a spring element for lifting the pulling up bar when 
the speed of the movable section reaches the critical speed, that the 
emergency stop cancellation mechanism includes a holding down bar having 
an end connected for sliding movement to the cam latch mechanism via an 
elongated hole and the other end connected to an end portion of the 
emergency stopping arm, and a hook apparatus mounted on the holding down 
bar for being engaged with and restricting the pulling up bar when the 
holding down bar moves upwardly but releasing the engagement and 
restriction of the pulling up bar when the holding down bar moves 
downwardly, and that the holding down bar is moved, upon emergency 
stopping operation, upwardly over an extent larger by an amount 
corresponding to a length of the elongated hole than the pulling up bar 
due to a difference between displacements of locations of the emergency 
stopping arm different from the center of pivotal motion so that the hook 
apparatus is engaged with and restricts the pulling up bar, but upon 
emergency stopping cancellation operation, when the movable section is 
moved upwardly, while the emergency stopping biting metal member remains 
in wedging engagement with the guide rail, the emergency stopping arm is 
moved downwardly so that the holding down bar connected to the emergency 
stopping arm is moved downwardly and the pulling up bar which has been 
engaged with and restricted by the hook apparatus is moved downwardly by a 
displacement amount equal to that of the holding down bar until the 
engagement and restriction is cancelled at a position at which the driving 
apparatus restores an initial state. 
According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises an 
oscillation absorption apparatus provided on any of the governor, 
emergency stopping operation mechanism and emergency stopping mechanism 
for absorbing oscillations. 
According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided 
a safety apparatus for an elevator, comprising a guide rail of a conductor 
securely disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the 
elevator, a governor for being displaced when a speed of a movable section 
reached a critical speed, and an emergency stopping mechanism provided on 
the governor for operating directly in response to a displacement of the 
governor to grasp the guide rail to generate a frictional force to brake 
the movable section.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In the following, preferred embodiments of the present invention are 
described. 
Embodiment 1 
In the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, the magnetic drag by 
eddy current is so low that it is difficult only for the magnetic drag by 
eddy current to lift the pulling up bar to activate the emergency stopping 
apparatus. Further, also a cancellation method after the emergency 
stopping apparatus operates is not available. In Embodiment 1, triggering 
of an emergency stopping operation at a second over-speed is performed by 
a governor and a cam latch mechanism and a driving force for performing 
the emergency stopping operation is generated by a spring apparatus such 
as a spring while an emergency stop cancellation operation is realized by 
a hook apparatus. 
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a general construction of a safety 
apparatus for an elevator according to Embodiment 1 of the present 
invention. Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 denotes a cage frame 
(movable section) mounted on a cage of an elevator, 21 a pulling up bar 
(driving apparatus, link apparatus, emergency stopping operation 
mechanism), 35 a holding down bar (emergency stop cancellation mechanism), 
and 51 a pulling up spring (spring apparatus, driving apparatus, emergency 
stopping operation mechanism). A portion surrounded by a circle A is a 
portion which constructs a governor of the safety apparatus for an 
elevator, and another portion surrounded by another circle B is a portion 
which constructs an emergency stopping apparatus of the safety apparatus 
for an elevator. 
It is to be noted that, in FIG. 1, the guide rail (fixed conductor) 18 
shown in FIGS. 24(a) and 24(b) are omitted. 
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a construction of the governor and a 
cam latch mechanism (an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 surrounded by 
the circle A). Referring to FIG. 2, reference numeral 13 denotes a base 
(governor) of the governor provided on the cage frame 12, and this base 13 
is formed in a channel-shape. Reference numeral 30 denotes a main shaft 
(governor) supported at the opposite ends thereof for rotation on the 
channel-shaped base 13, and 14 a governor arm (arm, governor) securely 
connected to the main shaft 30 and pivotally supported around an axis of 
the main shaft 30 such that, when the governor arm 14 is pivoted, the main 
shaft 30 is rotated. Reference numeral 16 denotes a pickup (governor) 
connected at two points to one end of the governor arm 14, and the pickup 
16 includes a pair of magnets 16a (pickup, governor) disposed on the 
opposite sides of the guide rail 18 (omitted in FIG. 2) in an opposing 
relationship to the guide rail 18, and a pair of back yokes 16b and 16c 
for assuring a passage for magnetic fluxes of the magnets 16a. The back 
yoke 16c is connected to the governor arm 14. Reference numeral 17 denotes 
a balance weight (governor) provided at the other end of the governor arm 
14 in a balanced relationship with the pickup 16. 
Reference numeral 32 denotes a cam (cam latch mechanism, emergency stopping 
operation mechanism) mounted at one end of the main shaft 30. The cam 32 
is rotated when the main shaft 30 rotates. Reference numeral 33 denotes a 
latch shaft mounted on the channel-shaped base 13 (on the side on which 
the cam 32 is mounted), and 34 a latch arm (cam latch mechanism, emergency 
stopping operation mechanism) connected for pivotal motion to the latch 
shaft 33 around an axis of the latch shaft 33. The latch arm 34 is held in 
contact at an end thereof with the cam 32, and the pulling up bar 21 and 
the holding down bar 35 are connected for pivotal motion to the other end 
portion of the latch arm 34 by a latch pin 36 (cam latch mechanism, 
emergency stopping operation mechanism). An elongated hole 35a (holding 
down bar) is provided in the holding down bar 35, and the latch pin 36 is 
received for movement in the upward and downward directions in the 
elongated hole 35a. 
It is to be noted that, in order to reduce the friction at a contact 
between the one end of the latch arm 34 and the cam 32, a friction 
reduction mechanism 38 (cam latch mechanism) such as a bearing roller or a 
ball mechanism may be provided as shown in FIG. 3. 
Reference numeral 55 denotes a hook (hook apparatus, emergency stop 
cancellation mechanism), and this hook 55 is connected to the holding down 
bar 35 via a hook pin 56. Reference numeral 57 denotes an unhooking pin 
(hook apparatus, emergency stop cancellation mechanism) mounted on the 
base 13. 
It is to be noted that, in FIG. 2, a switch for disconnecting a power 
supply for a winding machine or the like, which moves the elevator 
upwardly and downwardly, when the speed of downward movement of the cage 
reaches a first over-speed (a switch corresponding to the cage stopping 
switch 20a described in the prior art (FIG. 24)) is omitted. 
FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) are schematic views showing details of the pickup of 
the governor. In the pickup 16, a magnetic circuit is composed of the 
magnets 16a, the back yokes 16b and 16c and the guide rail 18. While the 
magnets 16a and the guide rail 18 are located closely to each other, they 
do not contact with each other. 
As an example of a construction of the magnetic circuit, for example, as 
shown in FIG. 4(a), a magnet 16a1 of the S pole is disposed on one side of 
the guide rail 18 while another magnet 16a2 of the N pole is disposed on 
the opposite side of the guide rail 18 to form a magnetic path along which 
magnetic fluxes return via the back yokes 16b and 16c. 
As another example of a construction of the magnetic circuit, for example, 
as shown in FIG. 4(b), a magnet 16a1 of the S pole is disposed at an upper 
portion of the back yoke 16b on one side of the guide rail 18 while 
another magnet 16a2 of the N pole is disposed below the back yoke 16b such 
that a magnetic path is formed from the upper and lower magnets 16a1 and 
16a2 on the back yoke 16b on the one side (only from the back yoke 16b on 
the one side) (in FIG. 4(b), two magnetic paths are formed from the upper 
and lower magnets 16a1 and 16a2 on the back yoke 16b on the opposite sides 
of the guide rail 18). 
It is to be noted that the construction of the magnetic circuit need not be 
limited to those described above, and a magnetic path may naturally be 
formed only from the back yoke 16b on one side, and also the directions of 
the magnetic poles are not limited to those of the examples described 
above and the same poles may be opposed to each other (FIGS. 4(c) and 4(d) 
are side views of the pick of the governor shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), 
respectively or the different poles may be opposed to each other. 
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are enlarged schematic views (side and top views, 
respectively) showing details of the hook apparatus. Referring to FIGS. 
5(a) and 5(b); reference numeral 55 denotes a hook, and this hook 55 is 
connected for pivotal motion in one direction (in the counterclockwise 
direction in FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b), that is, toward the guide rail 18 side) 
to the holding down bar 35 via the hook pin 56. Reference numeral 55a 
denotes a tapered portion which is an upper portion of the hook 55 and has 
a tapering configuration, and 55b a cutaway portion provided below the 
tapered portion 55a (intermediately of the hook 55). Reference numeral 55c 
denotes a projecting portion provided at a lower portion of the hook 55, 
and this projecting portion 55c is locked in one direction (upward 
direction) but can be pivoted in the opposite direction (downward 
direction). Reference numeral 57 denotes an unhooking pin (hook apparatus, 
emergency stop cancellation mechanism) securely mounted on the base 13. It 
is to be noted that overlapping description of common components denoted 
in FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) by common reference numerals to those of FIG. 2 is 
omitted here. 
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a construction of the emergency 
stopping mechanism and part of the emergency stop cancellation mechanism 
(an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 surrounded by the circle B). 
Referring to FIG. 6, reference numeral 40 denotes an emergency stopping 
arm (emergency stopping mechanism), and the emergency stopping arm 40 is 
pivotally mounted at one end portion thereof on a support shaft 41 (rotary 
shaft, emergency stopping mechanism) secured to the cage frame 12 (or 
cage). Further, a pulling up pin 42 which is received in an elongated hole 
(pulling up bar) 21a provided at an end portion of the pulling up bar 21 
is provided on the emergency stopping arm 40 in the proximity of the 
support shaft 41, and the holding down bar 35 is pivotally connected to 
the other end portion of the emergency stopping arm 40 (the end portion 
remote from the support shaft) by a holding down pin 43. Reference numeral 
44 denotes an emergency stopping shoe (emergency stopping mechanism) 
provided at the other end portion of the emergency stopping arm 40, and 45 
an emergency stopping biting metal member provided above the emergency 
stopping shoe 44. When the other end portion of the emergency stopping arm 
40 is pivoted upwardly, the emergency stopping shoe 44 is brought into 
contact with the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the guide 
rail 18 and bites between the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 
and the guide rail 18 by a wedging effect. As a result, a high braking 
force is generated by an effect of friction between them so that an 
emergency stopping operation may be performed. Reference numeral 45a 
denotes a joining portion of the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 
to the emergency stopping shoe 44, 45b a frame of the emergency stopping 
biting metal member 45, and 45c an emergency stopping holding down spring 
interposed between the joining portion 45a and the frame 45b. 
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a construction of the spring 
apparatus. Referring to FIG. 7, reference numeral 51 denotes a pulling up 
spring, and 52 a spring base (spring apparatus, driving apparatus 
emergency stopping operation mechanism) securely mounted on the cage frame 
12 of the elevator. The pulling up spring 51 is placed on a spring base 
52. Further, the spring base 52 has a hole formed at a position thereof 
corresponding to the center of the pulling up spring 51 placed thereon, 
and the pulling up bar 21 extends through the hole and the pulling up 
spring 51. Reference numeral 53 denotes a spring holding down plate 
(spring apparatus, driving apparatus, emergency operation mechanism) 
secured to the pulling up bar 21, and the spring holding down plate 53 is 
biased upwardly by the pulling up spring 51. 
The spring apparatus described above is a mere example and may have a 
different construction. FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b) are schematic views of a 
spring apparatus having a different construction from that of the spring 
apparatus of FIG. 7. As shown in FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b) an emergency stopping 
arm pivoting arm 54 (spring apparatus, driving apparatus, emergency 
stopping operation mechanism) for applying a pivoting force in a direction 
to move the end of the emergency stopping arm 40 (the portion to which the 
holding down bar 35 and the emergency stopping shoe 44 are attached) 
upwardly (in the clockwise direction in FIG. 8) with respect to the 
support shaft 41 of the emergency stopping arm 40 is provided. The pulling 
up bar 21 can be biased upwardly also by the spring force (pivoting force) 
of the emergency stopping arm pivoting arm 54. 
It is to be noted that the spring apparatus (driving apparatus) cooperates 
with the cam latch mechanism to construct the emergency stopping operation 
mechanism. 
Subsequently, operation is described. 
(1) First, operation of the governor and the cam latch mechanism is 
described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4. 
The pickup 16 has a magnetic circuit composed of the magnets 16a and the 
back yokes 16b and 16c (FIG. 4) and produces a magnetic field through the 
plane of the guide rail 18 located between the two magnets 16a1 and 16a2. 
When the cage frame 12 moves upwardly or downwardly and the magnetic field 
moves with respect to the guide rail 18, such eddy current as tends to 
cancel the variation of the magnetic field is generated in the guide rail 
18 and a force (magnetic drag) having a magnitude corresponding to the 
speed of the cage frame 12 and acting in a direction to resist the 
movement of the cage frame 12 is generated with respect to the magnets 
16a. This magnetic drag is transmitted to the governor arm 14, and this 
force is converted into a displacement in the upward or downward direction 
of the pickup 16 and the balance weight 17. By the displacement of the 
pickup 16 and balance weight 17, the main shaft 30 is rotated and the cam 
32 attached to the one end of the main shaft 30 is rotated. 
It is to be noted that, if the speed of downward movement of the cage frame 
12 exceeds a predetermined value (first over-speed), then a cage stopping 
switch (not shown) operates in response to the downward displacement of 
the balance weight 17 so that the power supply to the elevator driving 
apparatus is interrupted and the cage frame 12 stops similarly as in the 
conventional safety apparatus for an elevator. 
(2) Subsequently, an emergency stopping operation is described. 
If the speed of downward movement of the cage frame 12 reaches a certain 
speed (second over-speed) by some cause, then the balance weight 17 is 
further displaced in response to this speed, and the main shaft 30 is 
rotated in response to the displacement of the balance weight 17. When the 
cam 32 attached to the one end of the main shaft 30 is rotated by the 
rotation of the main shaft 30, the latch arm 34 comes to the cutaway 
portion of the cam 32. 
Here, since the upward biasing force of the pulling up spring 51 acts upon 
the other end portion of the latch arm 34 (at which the pulling up bar 21 
is attached) via the pulling up bar 21 as seen in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(c) a 
downward force (in a direction to hold down the cam 32) acts upon the one 
end portion of the latch arm 34 (at which the latch arm 34 contacts with 
the cam 32) around the fulcrum provided by the latch pin 36. Accordingly, 
when the main shaft 30 rotates until the latch arm 34 comes to the cutaway 
portion of the cam 32 as seen in FIGS. 9(b) and 9(d) the downward force of 
the latch arm 34 which has been restrained till then is released, and the 
pulling up bar 21 is moved upwardly by the biasing force of the pulling up 
spring 51. As a result, also the emergency stopping arm 40 connected to 
the pulling up bar 21 is pushed upwardly (FIG. 6) so that the emergency 
stopping shoe 44 attached to the end portion of the emergency stopping arm 
40 bites between the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the 
guide rail 18, whereupon a high braking force is generated by a frictional 
effect by them. Consequently, an emergency stopping operation is 
performed. 
While also the emergency stopping arm 40 is pushed upwardly when the 
pulling up bar 21 moves upwardly as described above, also the holding down 
bar 35 attached to the end portion of the emergency stopping arm 40 is 
pushed upwardly simultaneously. While the pulling up bar 21 is provided in 
the proximity of the support shaft 41 of the emergency stopping arm 40, 
since the holding down bar 35 is provided at the end portion of the 
emergency stopping arm 40, the holding down bar 35 is displaced upwardly 
by a large amount by a small upward displacement of the pulling up bar 21. 
For example, where the distance between the pulling up bar 21 and the 
support shaft 41 is represented by a and the distance between the holding 
down bar 35 and the support shaft 41 is represented by b as seen in FIGS. 
9(a) and 9(d), the holding down bar 35 is displaced upwardly by b/a times 
the distance over which the pulling up bar 21 moves upwardly. 
On the other hand, the pulling up bar 21 and the holding down bar 35 are 
mounted substantially at same positions on the latch arm 34 by means of 
the latch pins 36. Here, since the holding down bar 35 is coupled at the 
elongated hole 35a thereof to the latch pin 36, it can move upwardly by an 
amount equal to the length of the elongated hole 35a. Accordingly, after 
the emergency stopping operation, since the displacement of the holding 
down bar 35 is larger than that of the pulling up bar 21 as described 
above, the holding down bar 35 projects upwardly by a large amount as seen 
in FIGS. 9(b) and 9(d). 
Subsequently, a coupling operation of the hook is described. 
When the emergency stop operates and the holding down bar 35 is pushed 
upwardly by the displacement by b/a times that of the pulling up bar 21 as 
described above, also the hook 55 connected to the holding down bar 35 by 
the hook pin 56 is pushed upwardly (FIGS. 5(aand 5(b)). 
FIGS. 10(a) to 10(c) are schematic views illustrating an engaging operation 
of the hook 55. In an initial state, that is, prior to an emergency 
stopping operation (FIG. 10(a)), both of the pulling up bar 21 and the 
holding down bar 35 are positioned at a substantially same position. 
However, in an emergency stopping operation, the holding down bar 35 is 
pushed up by a displacement of b/a times that of the pulling up bar 21, 
and the holding down bar 35 projects upwardly from the pulling up bar 21. 
Here, although also the hook 55 connected to the holding down bar 35 is 
pushed up together with the holding down bar 35, since the tapered portion 
55a of a tapering configuration is provided at the upper portion of the 
hook 55, the hook 55 does not catch the latch pin 36 positioned above the 
hook 55. Further, since the projecting portion 55c provided at the lower 
portion of the hook 55 is adapted to be pivotable in the downward 
direction, it can pass by the unhooking pin 57 located above the 
projecting portion 55c. Then, when the hook 55 is further pushed up, the 
cutaway portion 55b of the hook 55 is engaged with the latch pin 36, 
thereby completing the coupling operation of the hook (FIG. 10(c)). 
The emergency stopping operation is completed thereby. 
(3) Subsequently, an emergency stop cancellation operation is described. 
If the cage of the elevator is lifted upwardly by the winding machine or 
the like in order to cancel the emergency stop, then also the emergency 
stopping biting metal member 45 securely mounted on the cage (or cage 
frame) of the elevator is lifted simultaneously. When the emergency 
stopping biting metal member 45 is lifted, the biting state between the 
emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the emergency stopping shoe 
44 is cancelled by the restoring force of the emergency stopping holding 
down spring 45c in a compressed state and the frictional force between the 
guide rail 18 and the emergency stopping shoe 44. However, only if the 
biting state between the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the 
emergency stopping shoe 44 is cancelled, the pulling up bar 21 does not 
return to its initial state (in a state wherein the pulling up spring 51 
is compressed and the latch arm 34 is lifted). Therefore, the emergency 
stop cancellation mechanism acts to return the pulling up bar 21 to the 
initial state. 
Operation of the emergency stop cancellation mechanism is described. 
In a state wherein the emergency stopping shoe 44 bites between the 
emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the guide rail 18, the 
frictional force acts, and accordingly, the emergency stopping shoe 44 
tends to stop itself but moves relatively downwardly. As a result, the 
emergency stopping arm 40 is pivoted in the downward direction. When the 
emergency stopping arm 40 is pivoted in the downward direction, also the 
holding down bar 35 is pulled downwardly. Here, since the hook 55 
connected to the holding down bar 35 is held in engagement with the latch 
pin 36 as shown in FIG. 10(c) (engaged state of the hook 55), the pulling 
up bar 21 is pulled downwardly by a displacement amount equal to that of 
the holding down bar 35 under the restriction of the holding down bar 35 
(it is to be noted that the reason why the pulling up bar 21 and the 
holding down bar 35 can be moved by an equal displacement amount is that 
the elongated hole 21a is provided at the end portion of the pulling up 
bar 21). Accordingly, the pulling up bar 21 moves by a displacement equal 
to b/a times that when it is pushed up (emergency stopping operation) and 
returns to its initial position after movement thereof over a distance 
shorter than the distance of the movement when it is pushed up, that is, 
over a short distance within which the frictional force between the 
emergency stopping shoe 44 and the guide rail 18 is maintained (the 
emergency stopping shoe 44 is maintained in a state wherein it bites 
between the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the guide rail 
18). After the pulling up bar 21 returns to the position of the initial 
state, also the latch arm 34 moves upwardly. Thereupon, since the 
frictional force between the emergency stopping shoe 44 and the guide rail 
18 is maintained, the cage frame 12 is operating at a low speed, and 
consequently, the governor arm 14 is being acted by a force to return the 
governor arm 14 to a horizontal position. Accordingly, when the latch arm 
34 is pushed upwardly, the cam 32 rotates back to its initial position. 
As the cage frame 12 further moves upwardly, the holding down bar 35 moves 
downwardly until the hook 55 reaches the position of the unhooking pin 57 
and the unhooking pin 57 pivots the hook 55 (FIG. 11(b)). Consequently, 
the engagement between the hook 55 and the latch pin 36 is cancelled, and 
also the restriction of the pulling up bar 21 by the holding down bar 35 
is cancelled. In this instance, since the latch arm 34 has already 
returned to its initial position, even if the restriction of the pulling 
up bar 21 is cancelled, the latch arm 34 is not pushed up by the biasing 
force of the pulling up spring 51. 
As the cage frame 12 further moves upwardly until the emergency stopping 
shoe 44 and the guide rail 18 are disengaged from each other, the 
frictional force is removed, and the holding down bar 35 is pulled down to 
the last by the returning force of the emergency stopping holding down 
spring 45c. Consequently, all of the elements return to the initial 
positions (FIG. 11(c)). 
In this manner, an emergency stopping operation and an emergency stop 
cancellation operation are performed by a difference in displacement 
between the locations on the emergency stopping arm 40 upon pivotal motion 
of the emergency stopping arm 40 and an operation of the hook 55. In 
particular, in an emergency stopping operation, the pulling up bar 21 
pushes up the emergency stopping arm 40, and thereupon, the holding down 
bar 35 is pushed up by a stroke equal to b/a times the stroke of the 
pulling up bar 21. On the contrary, in an emergency stop cancellation 
operation, the holding down bar 35 is pushed down together with the 
emergency stopping arm 40, and thereupon, also the pulling up bar 21 is 
pulled down by a stroke equal to that of the holding down bar 35 (action 
of the hook 55). 
It is to be noted that, while this Embodiment 1 employs the cam 32, it is 
characterized in that a displacement of the pickup 16 triggers an 
emergency stopping operation, and any other mechanism may be employed only 
if it releases a pulling-up pre-pressure. 
It is to be noted that, while, in the safety apparatus for an elevator of 
Embodiment 1 described above, the governor, cam latch mechanism, emergency 
stopping mechanism, driving apparatus, emergency stop cancellation 
mechanism and so forth are provided on the cage frame 12, they need not be 
provided on the cage frame 12, but may be provided on any movable 
component of the elevator such as the cage or weight. This similarly 
applies to the other embodiments which are hereinafter described. 
As described above, according to this Embodiment 1, since an emergency 
stopping operation is triggered by a governor and a cam latch mechanism 
while a driving force for performing the emergency stopping operation is 
generated from a resilient member such as a spring and an emergency stop 
cancellation operation is performed by a hook apparatus, even if the 
magnetic drag generated by eddy current is low and the pulling up force of 
the governor when an over-speed is detected is low, the emergency stopping 
operation can be performed using the pulling up force of the governor as a 
trigger. Consequently, malfunctions can be reduced, and the emergency 
stopping mechanism can be returned to its initial state readily only by 
raising the cage. 
Embodiment 2 
FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) are views showing a construction of a safety 
apparatus for an elevator according to Embodiment 2 of the present 
invention. Referring to FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), reference numeral 37 
denotes a latch arm, and one end portion of the latch arm 37 contacts with 
a cam 32 while the other end portion of the latch arm 37 is directly 
connected for pivotal motion to an emergency stopping arm 40. Reference 
numeral 59 denotes a pulling up spring (spring apparatus, driving 
apparatus, emergency stopping operation mechanism) disposed below the 
emergency stopping arm 40 for biasing the emergency stopping governor arm 
40 upwardly. 
FIG. 13 is a schematic view illustrating an emergency stop cancellation 
operation of the safety apparatus for an elevator shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 
12(b). Referring to FIG. 13, reference numeral 60 denotes a cancellation 
arm (emergency stop cancellation mechanism) provided on an arm 14, the cam 
32, the latch arm 37 and (or) the emergency stopping arm 40. 
It is to be noted that, in FIGS. 12(a), 12(b) and 13, those elements 
denoted by same reference numerals as those of Embodiment 1 (FIGS. 2 and 
6) described above are same or corresponding elements as or to those of 
Embodiment 1 described above, and therefore, overlapping description of 
them is omitted here. 
Incidentally, in FIGS. 12(a), 12(b) and 13, in order to facilitate 
understanding of operation, the front face (direction of the latch arm 37) 
and the emergency stopping face (direction of the emergency stopping arm 
40) of the cam 32 which originally extend perpendicularly to each other as 
shown in FIG. 1 are shown on the same plane. Also in FIGS. 14 to 24 which 
are hereinafter described, the front face and the emergency stopping face 
of the cam 32 are shown in the same plane in order to facilitate 
understanding of operation. 
Subsequently, operation is described. 
An emergency stopping operation is described. 
While, in Embodiment 1 described above, the latch arm 34 and the emergency 
stopping arm 40 are operatively associated with each other by the pulling 
up bar 21 and the holding down bar 35, in this Embodiment 2, the latch arm 
37 and the emergency stopping arm 40 are directly connected for pivotal 
motion to each other. 
As shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), the latch arm 37 is, in an ordinary 
state, biased in an emergency stopping operation direction (upward 
direction) by the pulling up spring 59 (FIGS. 12(a)). If the latch arm 37 
which is in contact with the cam 32 is released as a result of rotation of 
the cam 32, then the latch arm 37 is pivoted so that the emergency 
stopping arm 40 connected to the latch arm 37 is pivoted upwardly. 
Consequently, the emergency stopping shoe 44 provided at the end portion 
of the emergency stopping arm 40 bites between the emergency stopping 
biting metal member 45 and the guide rail 18 so that an emergency stopping 
operation is performed. 
Subsequently, an emergency stop cancellation operation is described. 
FIG. 13 is a view illustrating an emergency stop cancellation operation of 
the safety apparatus for an elevator according to Embodiment 2 of the 
present invention. 
In order to cancel the emergency stopping operation after it comes to an 
end, the cage frame 12 of the elevator is lifted slowly in a direction 
(upward direction) to eliminate the frictional force (braking force) of 
the emergency stopping shoe 44 by means of the winding machine (it is to 
be noted that, while the cage frame 12 can be moved upwardly, the 
emergency stopping shoe 44 remains in the engaged state, and at this point 
of time, the emergency stop is not fully cancelled). Then, on the nearest 
floor, the door is opened, and the cancellation arm 60 is manually 
operated using an arm for moving the cancellation arm 60 or the like from 
the entrance side to fully cancel the emergency stopping operation. 
FIGS. 14(a) to 14(d) are schematic views illustrating an emergency stop 
cancellation operation different from the emergency stop cancellation 
operation illustrated in FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 13, reference numeral 
61 denotes a cancellation cam (emergency stop cancellation mechanism) 
disposed in a lifting path of the elevator. The cancellation cam 61 is 
engaged with the cancellation arm 60 so that an emergency stop 
cancellation operation can be performed only by lifting the cage frame 12 
by a winding machine 62. 
As described hereinabove, when the speed of movement of the cage frame 12 
reaches the second over-speed, the emergency stopping mechanism operates 
(FIG. 14(a)). When the emergency stopping mechanism operates, the latch 
arm 37 is tilted and the cancellation arm 60 provided on the latch arm 37 
is projected outwardly from the cage frame 12 (FIG. 14(b)). If the cage 
frame 12 is pulled upwardly in this state, then the cancellation arm 60 is 
engaged with the cancellation cam 61 provided on the lifting path (FIG. 
14(c)). When the cage frame 12 is further lifted, the cancellation arm 60 
is pushed into the cage frame 12. As a result, also the latch arm 37 
returns to its initial state, and the emergency stop cancellation 
mechanism returns to its initial position (FIG. 14(d)). 
As described above, according to this Embodiment 2, since the latch arm 37 
is directly connected to the emergency stopping arm 40, the overall 
construction of the safety apparatus for an elevator is simplified. While 
an emergency stop cancellation operation is performed manually, also this 
operation can be performed readily. Further, if the cancellation arm 60 
and the cancellation cam 61 are provided, then it is also possible to 
automatically perform emergency stop cancellation. 
Embodiment 3 
While, in Embodiment 1 described hereinabove, while, in Embodiment 1 
described above, an emergency stopping operation at a second over-speed is 
triggered by a governor and a cam latch mechanism while a driving force 
for performing the emergency stopping operation is generated from a spring 
apparatus and an emergency stop cancellation operation is performed by a 
hook apparatus, in this Embodiment 3, an emergency stopping operation at a 
second over-speed is triggered by a governor and a cam latch mechanism 
while a driving force for performing the emergency stopping operation is 
generated by a pulling up wedge mechanism provided on a pickup and an 
emergency stop cancellation operation is realized by a pulling down 
spring. 
FIGS. 15(a) to 15(d) are views illustrating a construction and operation of 
the safety apparatus for an elevator according to Embodiment 3 of the 
present invention. Referring to FIGS. 15(a) to 15(d), reference numeral 65 
denotes a pulling up shoe (pulling up wedge mechanism) provided at an end 
portion of a latch arm 34 (at an end portion remote from the end portion 
at which the latch arm 34 contacts with a cam 32), and 66 a pulling up 
biting metal member (pulling up wedge mechanism) provided above the 
pulling up shoe 65. When the latch arm 34 is pivoted to move the end 
portion thereof upwardly, the pulling up shoe 65 is contacted with the 
pulling up biting metal member 66 and a guide rail 18 and bites between 
the pulling up biting metal member 66 and the guide rail 18 by a wedging 
effect. As a result, a high braking force is generated by a frictional 
effect between them so that an emergency stopping operation is performed. 
Reference numeral 64 denotes a pulling down spring (emergency stop 
cancellation mechanism) for pulling the emergency stopping arm 40 
downwardly. Reference numeral 21 denotes a pulling up bar (link apparatus) 
for connecting the latch arm 34 and the emergency stopping arm 40 to each 
other. 
It is to be noted that those elements denoted by same reference numerals to 
those of Embodiment 1 or 2 (FIGS. 2 and 6 or 12) described above are same 
or corresponding elements, and overlapping description of them is omitted 
here. 
Subsequently, operation is described. 
First, an emergency stopping operation is described. 
When the cage frame 12 is moving at an ordinary operation speed, the 
governor arm 14 is in a horizontal position, but when the speed of 
downward movement of the cage frame 12 drops, then the governor arm 14 is 
tilted and the cam 32 is rotated (FIG. 15(b)). Further, when the cage 
frame 12 reaches the second over-speed (or exceeds the second over-speed), 
the cam 32 is further rotated and the end portion of the latch arm 34 (end 
portion at which the latch arm 34 contacts with the cam 32) reaches the 
cutaway portion of the cam 32. Thereupon, the latch arm 34 is inclined, 
and the pulling up shoe 65 provided at the other end portion of the latch 
arm 34 is pulled up and bites into the pulling up biting metal member 66 
(FIG. 15(c)). Thereupon, a high braking force is generated by a frictional 
effect between them. Consequently, the latch arm 34 and the pulling up bar 
21 are pulled up by a strong force to activate the emergency stopping 
mechanism (FIG. 15(d)). It is to be noted that the pin engaging portion of 
the pulling up bar 21 is in the form of the elongated hole 21a so that, 
upon operation, the downward force of the emergency stopping mechanism may 
not have an influence until the second over-speed is reached, and when the 
second over-speed is reached, the pulling up shoe 65 bites into the 
pulling up biting metal member 66 more readily. 
Subsequently, an emergency stop cancellation operation is described. 
If the cage frame 12 is lifted, then the emergency stopping arm 40 is 
pulled down in a direction (downward direction) to release the emergency 
stopping mechanism by the pulling down spring 64, the frictional force 
between the emergency stopping shoe 44 and the emergency stopping biting 
metal member 45 is lost and an emergency stop cancellation operation is 
performed. Also the pulling up wedge mechanism is released similarly. 
Here, since the cam 32 tends to return to its horizontal position if the 
cage frame 12 is moving at a low speed, also the cam 32 returns to its 
initial position. 
FIGS. 16(a) to 16(d) are schematic views of a safety device for an elevator 
which employs an emergency stop cancellation mechanism different from that 
of FIG. 15. Referring to FIGS. 16(a) and 16(b), reference numeral 67 
denotes a hook (hook apparatus, emergency stop cancellation mechanism) 
provided at a lower end of the pulling up bar 21. Reference numeral 68 
denotes an unhooking pin (emergency stop cancellation mechanism). 
It is to be noted that elements denoted by same reference numerals to those 
of FIG. 15 are same or corresponding elements, and overlapping description 
of them is omitted here. 
Subsequently, operation is described. 
An emergency stopping operation is described. 
First, when the cage frame 12 is moving in an ordinary operation speed, the 
governor arm 14 is in a horizontal position (FIG. 16(a)). However, if the 
speed of downward movement of the cage frame 12 drops, then the pickup 16 
is displaced in the upward direction and the pulling up shoe 65 provided 
on the pickup 16 approaches the pulling up biting metal member 66. When 
the cage frame 12 reaches (or exceeds) the second over-speed, the pulling 
up shoe 65 is brought into contact with the pulling up biting metal member 
66 and bites between the pulling up biting metal member 66 and the guide 
rail 18 by friction (FIG. 16(b)). Thereupon, also the pulling up bar 21 
mounted on the governor arm 14 is lifted, and the hook 67 provided at the 
lower end of the pulling up bar 21 is engaged with the pulling up pin 42 
(FIG. 16(b)). After the pulling up bar 21 moves until the pulling up pin 
42 comes to an end of the elongated hole 21a, it pulls up the emergency 
stopping arm 40 by a strong pulling up force caused by a wedging action to 
establish an emergency stopping operation state (FIG. 16(c)), and the 
emergency stopping operation is completed by the wedging action of the 
emergency stop (FIG. 16(d)). 
It is to be noted that, since the emergency stop cancellation operation is 
similar to the emergency stop cancellation operation described above in 
connection with Embodiment 1 in which the hook 55 is used, operation 
thereof is omitted here. 
As described above, according to this Embodiment 3, the force which is 
applied to the cam 32 upon ordinary operation can be reduced, and also the 
force of the emergency stopping operation is high. Further, also the 
emergency stop cancellation operation can be performed simply. In 
particular, since, in Embodiment 1 described hereinabove, the pulling up 
force is derived from a biasing force of the pulling up spring 51, a 
strong force from the latch arm 34 is always applied to the cam 32. 
However, according to Embodiment 2, since the pulling up force is derived 
from a wedging action of the pulling up wedge mechanism, only a spring 
force which converts the magnetic drag to the pickup 16 into a 
displacement in the direction of pivotal motion is applied only to the cam 
32, and the friction between the cam 32 and the latch arm 34 is reduced 
and also the stability of the cam latch mechanism is improved. 
Further, since an over-speed is detected from the displacement of the 
pickup 16 and the pulling up wedge mechanism is activated using the cam 
latch mechanism as a trigger, only if the pickup 16 is precise, accurate 
detection of an over-speed can be achieved. Consequently, the accuracy of 
the mechanism can be moderated and also the safety is improved. 
Furthermore, since the emergency stop cancellation mechanism is formed from 
the pulling down spring 64 or the hook 67, an emergency stop cancellation 
operation can be performed readily and with certainty only by lifting the 
cage. 
Embodiment 4 
In this Embodiment 4, a safety apparatus for an elevator is realized by 
providing a pulling up wedge mechanism on a pickup 16. 
FIGS. 17(a) to 17(e) are views illustrating a construction and operation of 
the safely apparatus for an elevator according to this Embodiment 4 of the 
present invention. In FIGS. 17(a) to 17(e), those elements denoted by same 
reference numerals to those of Embodiments 1 to 3 described above are same 
or corresponding elements, and overlapping description of them is omitted 
here. 
While, in Embodiment 3 described above, the pulling up shoe 65 is provided 
at an end portion of the latch arm 34, in this Embodiment 4, the pulling 
up shoe 65 for extracting a pulling up force by a wedging action is 
provided on the pickup 16, and the pulling up biting metal member 66 
secured to the cage frame 12 side by a biting metal member base (not 
shown) is disposed above the pulling up shoe 65. Further, the pickup 16 is 
connected to the emergency stopping mechanism via the pulling up bar 21. 
Furthermore, the emergency stopping arm 40 undergoes a pulling down force 
at a position of an initial state by the pulling down spring 64. 
Subsequently, operation is described. 
An emergency stopping operation is described. 
First, when the cage frame 12 is moving at an ordinary operation speed, the 
governor arm 14 is in a horizontal position (FIG. 17(a)). However, if the 
speed of downward movement of the cage frame 12 drops, then the pickup 16 
is displaced upwardly and the pulling up shoe 65 provided on the pickup 16 
approaches the pulling up biting metal member 66 (FIG. 17(b)). Further, 
when the speed of the cage frame 12 reaches the second over-speed (or 
exceeds the second over-speed), then the pulling up shoe 65 is brought 
into contact with the pulling up biting metal member 66 and bites between 
the pulling up biting metal member 66 and the guide rail 18 by friction 
(FIG. 17(c)). A contacting face of the pulling up biting metal member 66 
with the pulling up shoe 65 is acted upon by a substantially fixed, for 
example, spring force in a direction to widen the wedge, and consequently, 
a strong pulling up force by the wedging action can be held to a 
substantially fixed force. After the pulling up bar 21 moves until the 
pulling up pin 42 comes to an end of the elongated hole 21a, the emergency 
stopping arm 40 is pulled up by the strong pulling up force arising from 
the wedging action to enter an emergency stopping operation state (FIG. 
17(d)), and the emergency stopping operation is completed by the wedging 
action of the emergency stop (FIG. 17(e)). 
It is to be noted that description of the emergency stop cancellation 
operation is omitted here because it is similar to that in Embodiment 3 
described above. 
While the safety apparatus for an elevator apparatus shown in FIGS. 17(a) 
to 17(e) performs an emergency stop cancellation operation by means of the 
pulling down spring 64, this can be performed by a hook apparatus. 
FIGS. 18(a) to 18(e) and 19(a) to 19(e) are schematic views of a safety 
apparatus for an elevator wherein an emergency stop cancellation operation 
is performed by a hook apparatus. FIGS. 18(a) to 18(e) illustrate an 
emergency stopping operation, and FIGS. 19(a) to 19(e) illustrate an 
emergency stop cancellation operation. 
It is to be noted that description of the emergency stopping operation and 
the emergency stop cancellation operation is omitted here since they are 
similar to the emergency stopping operation illustrated in FIG. 17 and the 
emergency stop cancellation operation in Embodiment 3 described above, 
respectively. 
As described above, according to this Embodiment 4, since a pulling up 
wedge mechanism is provided on the pickup 16, the overall construction of 
the safety apparatus for an elevator is simplified and the emergency 
stopping operation can be activated by a high pulling up force due to a 
wedging action of the pulling up wedge mechanism. Further, an emergency 
stop cancellation operation can be performed readily only by lifting the 
cage. 
Embodiment 5 
FIGS. 20(a) and 20(d) are views showing a construction of a safety 
apparatus for an elevator according to Embodiment 5 of the present 
invention. Referring to FIGS. 20(a) and 20(b), reference 47 denotes an 
emergency stop base (emergency stopping mechanism) on which an emergency 
stopping biting metal member 45 is mounted. The emergency stop base 47 is 
constructed such that the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 is 
disposed above an emergency stopping shoe 44 provided on a pickup 16. It 
is to be noted that those elements denoted by same reference numerals as 
those of Embodiments 1 to 4 and the prior art described hereinabove are 
same or corresponding elements and overlap- ping description thereof is 
omitted here. 
Subsequently, an emergency stopping operation is described. 
If the speed of the cage frame 12 reaches the second over-speed, then the 
pickup 16 moves upwardly, and also the pickup 16 provided on the pickup 16 
moves upwardly. Then, the emergency stopping shoe 44 bites between the 
emergency stopping biting metal member 45 and the guide rail 18 disposed 
above the pickup 16 with the emergency stop base 47 interposed 
therebetween, whereupon a high frictional force is generated to effect 
emergency stopping of the elevator. 
FIGS. 21(a) and 21(b) are views showing a construction of the safety 
apparatus for an elevator wherein emergency stopping mechanisms are 
provided above and below the pickup 16. Referring to FIG. 21, reference 48 
denotes an emergency biting metal member (emergency stopping mechanism), 
and the emergency biting metal member 48 is constructed such that it 
covers above and below the pickup 16 so that the emergency stopping shoes 
44 provided above and below the pickup 16 may bite into the emergency 
stopping shoe 44. 
By providing the emergency stopping mechanisms above and blow the pickup 16 
in this manner, emergency stopping of the elevator can be performed in 
whichever of the upward and downward directions the elevator is moving. 
As described above, according to this Embodiment 5, since the emergency 
stopping shoe 44 is provided on the pickup 16 and the emergency stopping 
biting metal member 45 is disposed above (and below) the pickup 16 with 
the emergency stop base 47 interposed therebetween, the pulling down bar 
21, the holding down bar 35, the pulling up wedge mechanism and so forth 
become unnecessary and an emergency stopping operation can be performed 
directly by a displacement of the pickup 16, and the safety apparatus for 
an elevator can be constructed readily in a further reduced size. Further, 
since the emergency stopping mechanism is disposed on the cage frame 12, 
installation adjustment can be performed readily and also inspection and 
maintenance are facilitated. 
Embodiment 6 
FIG. 22 is a view showing a construction of a safety apparatus for an 
elevator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. Referring to 
FIG. 22, reference numeral 70 denotes an oscillation absorption element 
provided between a pickup 16 and a governor arm 14, intermediately of a 
pulling up bar 21 or (and) on an emergency stopping arm 40. It is to be 
noted that, in FIG. 22, those elements denoted by same reference numerals 
as those of Embodiment 4 (FIG. 17) described above are same or 
corresponding elements and overlapping description of the same is omitted 
here. 
If the cage is oscillated upwardly and downwardly by oscillations of the 
cage when the cage moves or by passengers getting into or out of the cage 
or moving violently in the cage, then also the speed of the cage 
oscillatorily varies by a large amount and there is the possibility that 
the emergency stop may operate in error. Therefore, by providing the 
oscillation absorption element 70 as shown in FIG. 22, oscillations of the 
cage can be absorbed to reduce the possibility that an operation in error 
may take place. The oscillation absorption element 70 is formed from a 
resilient member such as a spring or rubber, and the mounted position of 
the oscillation absorption element 70 may be a location other than that 
shown in FIG. 22 and the oscillation absorption element 70 may be provided 
at any location of the governor, the emergency stopping operation 
mechanism or the emergency stopping mechanism. 
It is to be noted that, if the oscillation absorption element 70 is set so 
as to have an oscillation frequency lower than an oscillation frequency to 
be absorbed (for example, if it is assumed that the oscillation frequency 
of the cage when passengers move violently in the elevator is, for 
example, 5 Hz, then the primary resonance frequency by the resilient 
member of the safety apparatus where the resilient member (oscillation 
absorption element 70) is added is the oscillation frequency of 5 Hz to be 
absorbed) (for example, the oscillation frequency of the oscillation 
absorption element 70 is set to approximately 2 Hz), then the oscillation 
absorption element 70 acts as a physically hard solid member within a 
range of the frequency up to the primary resonance frequency. Accordingly, 
since, in such an abnormal state that a critical speed is reached as a 
result of dropping of the cage or because the cage becomes uncontrollable, 
the cage varies but not oscillatorily, that is, in a low frequency, in 
such a state that the critical speed is reached, the resilient member 
exhibits a characteristic near to that of a rigid member and the elevator 
can be emergency stopped with certainty without a time delay. On the other 
hand, an oscillatory input which arises in such a case that passengers 
move violently in the cage can be absorbed because it is low in frequency. 
Embodiment 7 
While, in the conventional safety apparatus for an elevator, a 
counterweight is provided in order to establish a balanced state with the 
pickup 16 which forms a magnetic circuit, there is the possibility that an 
over-speed may not be detected accurately by mere provision of the 
counterweight because, if the emergency stopping mechanism (pulling up bar 
21, emergency stopping arm 40, emergency stopping shoe 44 and so forth) is 
mounted, then the force is biased in one direction and the balance of the 
pulling up force by eddy current is lost. Further, since the overall 
operation mechanism section (governor, cam latch mechanism, emergency 
stopping mechanism, emergency stop cancellation mechanism and so forth) is 
not in a well-balanced state, there is the possibility that the governor 
may be displaced by an influence of oscillations applied to the cage frame 
12 or the like to cause the emergency stopping mechanism to malfunction. 
Thus, in this Embodiment 7, the overall operation mechanism section is put 
into a well-balanced state to achieve stabilized operation. 
FIGS. 23(a) and 23(b) are views illustrating a construction and operation 
of a safety apparatus for an elevator according to Embodiment 7 of the 
present invention. Referring to FIGS. 23(a) and 23(b), reference 49 
denotes an auxiliary weight provided in the rear of a support shaft 41 for 
an emergency stopping arm 40. The auxiliary weight 49 is adjusted so that 
the overall operation mechanism section in an initial position may be in a 
well-balanced state (state prior to an emergency stopping operation). For 
example, in the safety apparatus for an elevator shown in FIG. 22, 
principal components provided so as to be balanced with the balance weight 
17 are the pickup 16, governor arm 14, pulling up bar 21, emergency 
stopping arm 40 and emergency stopping shoe 44, and the weight of the 
auxiliary weight 49 is adjusted so that a well-balanced condition may be 
provided between those elements. 
It is to be noted that, in FIGS. 23(a) and 23(b), those elements denoted by 
same reference numerals as those of Embodiments 1 to 6 described above are 
same or corresponding elements and overlapping description of them is 
omitted here. 
Subsequently, operation is described. 
First, when the cage frame 12 is moving at an ordinary operation speed, the 
governor arm 14 is in a horizontal position (FIG. 23(a)). However, if the 
speed of downward movement of the cage frame 12 rises, the pickup 16 is 
displaced upwardly and the emergency stopping arm 40 is pulled up. Here, 
since the balance of the overall optician mechanism section is adjusted 
using the auxiliary weight 49 as described above, when the second 
over-speed is reached, the safety apparatus for an elevator operates 
accurately. If the speed of the cage frame 12 reaches the second 
over-speed (or exceeds the second over-speed), then the emergency stopping 
shoe 44 is brought into contact with the emergency stopping biting metal 
member 45 and bites between the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 
and the guide rail 18 by friction (FIG. 23(b)). It is to be noted that a 
contacting face of the emergency stopping biting metal member 45 with the 
emergency stopping shoe 44 is acted upon by a substantially fixed, for 
example, spring force in a direction in which the wedge is widened, and a 
strong pulling up force by a wedging action can be kept to a substantially 
fixed force. Then, the emergency stopping arm 40 is pulled up by the 
strong pulling up force arising from the wedging action and an emergency 
stopping operation state is entered, and the emergency stopping operation 
is completed by the wedging action of the emergency stop. 
It is to be noted that description of the emergency stop cancellation 
operation is omitted here because it is similar to that of Embodiment 1 
described hereinabove. 
As described above, according to this Embodiment 7, since the auxiliary 
weight 49 is mounted at an end portion of the emergency stopping arm 40, 
the overall operation mechanism section can be adjusted so as to be in a 
well-balanced state, and such a situation that the governor is displaced 
by an influence of oscillations applied to the cage frame 12 or the like 
and the emergency stop operates in error is reduced. 
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, 
since a safety apparatus for an elevator comprises a guide rail of a 
conductor securely disposed along a path of upward and downward movement 
of the elevator, an emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable 
section of the elevator for gripping the guide rail to generate a 
frictional force to brake the movable section, a governor mounted on the 
movable section for being displaced when a speed of the movable section 
reaches a critical speed to activate the emergency stopping mechanism, and 
an emergency stopping operation mechanism for transmitting the 
displacement of the governor to said emergency stopping mechanism, the 
cage (movable section) of the elevator can be stopped with certainty. 
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since a safety 
apparatus for an elevator comprises a guide rail of a conductor securely 
disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the elevator, an 
emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of the elevator 
for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to brake the 
movable section, a driving apparatus for operating the emergency stopping 
mechanism, a cam latch mechanism mounted on the movable section for 
releasing, when a speed of the movable section reaches a critical speed, a 
driving force of the driving apparatus which has been restricted till 
then, and a governor mounted on the movable section for being displaced 
when the speed of the movable section reaches the critical speed to 
activate the cam latch mechanism, even if the magnetic drag generated by 
eddy current is low and the pulling up force of the governor when an 
over-speed is detected is low, an emergency stopping operation can be 
performed with certainty (malfunctions are reduced) using the pulling up 
force as a trigger, and the emergency stopping mechanism can be returned 
to the initial state readily only by lifting the cage (movable section). 
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the governor includes a 
pickup including a magnet and a back yoke which form a magnetic circuit 
together with the guide rail, a pivotal arm having the pickup mounted at 
an end thereof and having a balance weight mounted at the other end 
thereof for transmitting a displacement of the pickup, a main shaft 
securely mounted at a fulcrum of the arm so as to be rotated in response 
to a displacement of the arm, and a base for supporting the main shaft 
thereon, the speed of the cage (movable section) can be detected directly, 
and the accuracy in detection of the speed is improved. Since an emergency 
stopping operation is started in response to the speed detected in this 
manner, the emergency stopping operation can be performed with certainty. 
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the governor includes a 
cam mounted on a main shaft of the governor which is rotated in accordance 
with a speed of the movable section, and a latch arm mounted on the 
governor by a latch pin for pivotal motion around an axis of the latch pin 
and having an end held in contact with the cam and the other end connected 
to the driving apparatus, and when the speed of the movable section 
reaches the critical speed, the cam is rotated to release the driving 
force of the driving apparatus, the driving force of the emergency 
stopping mechanism can be held, and even if the magnetic drag generated by 
eddy current is low and the pulling up force of the governor is low, an 
emergency stopping operation can be performed with certainty using the 
pulling up force of the governor as a trigger. 
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the driving apparatus 
includes a pulling up bar connected at an end thereof to the cam latch 
mechanism and at the other end thereof to the emergency stopping 
mechanism, and a spring element for lifting the pulling up bar when the 
speed of the movable section reaches the critical speed, a high driving 
force can act upon the emergency stopping mechanism, and an emergency 
stopping operation can be performed with certainty. 
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since a safety 
apparatus for an elevator comprises a guide rail of a conductor securely 
disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the elevator, an 
emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of the elevator 
for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to brake the 
movable section, a pulling up wedge mechanism disposed for wedging 
engagement with the guide rail to generate a driving force for the 
emergency stopping mechanism, a cam latch mechanism mounted on the movable 
section for cooperating, when a speed of the movable section reaches a 
critical speed, with the pulling up wedge mechanism to activate the 
pulling up wedge mechanism, a governor mounted on the movable section for 
being displaced when the speed of the movable section reaches the critical 
speed to activate the cam latch mechanism, and a link apparatus for 
connecting the cam latch mechanism to the emergency stopping mechanism to 
transmit the driving force generated by the pulling up wedge mechanism to 
the emergency stopping mechanism, the force applied to the cam upon 
ordinary operation can be reduced, and also the force for an emergency 
stopping operation can be increased. Furthermore, also an emergency stop 
cancellation operation can be performed readily. 
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since a safety 
apparatus for an elevator comprises a guide rail of a conductor securely 
disposed along a path of upward and downward movement of the elevator, an 
emergency stopping mechanism mounted on a movable section of the elevator 
for gripping the guide rail to generate a frictional force to brake the 
movable section, a governor for being displaced when a speed of the 
movable section reaches a critical speed, a pulling up wedge mechanism 
mounted on the governor for wedging engagement with the guide rail to 
generate a driving force for the emergency stopping mechanism, and a link 
apparatus for connecting the governor to the emergency stopping mechanism 
to transmit a driving force generated by the pulling up wedge mechanism to 
the emergency stopping mechanism, also the force for an emergency stopping 
operation is high, and also an emergency stop cancellation operation can 
be performed readily. Besides, since no cam latch mechanism is provided, 
also the construction is simplified. 
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises an 
auxiliary weight provided on any of the governor, emergency stopping 
operation mechanism and emergency stopping mechanism which is moved by the 
displacement of the governor, the overall operation mechanism section can 
be held in a well-balanced state, and also the accuracy in detection of 
the speed of the governor is improved advantageously. 
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the auxiliary weight is 
provided on an emergency stopping arm, the overall operation mechanism 
section can be held in a well-balanced state readily. 
According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises a 
cancellation arm provided on any of the governor, emergency stopping 
operation mechanism and emergency stopping mechanism which is moved by the 
displacement of the governor, an emergency stop cancellation operation can 
be performed manually, and accordingly, a simple construction can be 
achieved without provision of an emergency stop cancellation mechanism. 
According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises a 
cancellation cam provided along the path of upward and downward movement 
of the elevator for engaging with the cancellation arm, an emergency stop 
cancellation operation can be performed automatically only by moving the 
elevator upwardly and downwardly. 
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, since the safety 
apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further comprises an 
emergency stop cancellation mechanism including a holding down bar 
connected at an end thereof to the cam latch mechanism and at the other 
end thereof to the emergency stopping mechanism and a hook apparatus for 
being engaged with and restricting the driving apparatus when the holding 
down bar moves upwardly but releasing the engagement and restriction of 
the driving apparatus when the holding down bar moves downwardly, the 
emergency stopping mechanism can be returned to its initial state readily 
only by lifting the cage (movable section) upwardly. 
According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, since the 
safety apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the hook 
apparatus includes a hook mounted on the holding down bar, and an 
unhooking pin mounted on the governor for releasing a pulling up bar when 
the holding down bar moves downwardly, an emergency stop cancellation 
operation can be performed with a simple construction. 
According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, since the 
safety apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that the emergency 
stopping mechanism includes an emergency stopping arm mounted for pivotal 
motion on the movable section, an emergency stopping shoe mounted at an 
end portion of the emergency stopping arm, and an emergency stopping 
biting metal member disposed for wedging engagement with the emergency 
stopping shoe and the guide rail, that the driving apparatus includes a 
pulling up bar having an end connected to the cam latch mechanism and the 
other end connected for sliding movement to a portion of the emergency 
stopping arm in the proximity of a pivot shaft of the emergency stopping 
arm via an elongated hole, and a spring element for lifting the pulling up 
bar when the speed of the movable section reaches the critical speed, that 
the emergency stop cancellation mechanism includes a holding down bar 
having an end connected for sliding movement to the cam latch mechanism 
via an elongated hole and the other end connected to an end portion of the 
emergency stopping arm, and a hook apparatus mounted on the holding down 
bar for being engaged with and restricting the pulling up bar when the 
holding down bar moves upwardly but releasing the engagement and 
restriction of the pulling up bar when the holding down bar moves 
downwardly, and that the holding down bar is moved, upon emergency 
stopping operation, upwardly over an extent larger by an amount 
corresponding to a length of the elongated hole than the pulling up bar 
due to a difference between displacements of locations of the emergency 
stopping arm different from the center of pivotal motion so that the hook 
apparatus is engaged with and restricts the pulling up bar, but upon 
emergency stopping cancellation operation, when the movable section is 
moved upwardly, while the emergency stopping biting metal member remains 
in wedging engagement with the guide rail, the emergency stopping arm is 
moved downwardly so that the holding down bar connected to the emergency 
stopping arm is moved downwardly and the pulling up bar which has been 
engaged with and restricted by the hook apparatus is moved downwardly by a 
displacement amount equal to that of the holding down bar until the 
engagement and restriction is cancelled at a position at which the driving 
apparatus restores an initial state, the emergency stopping mechanism can 
be returned to its initial position over a short distance over which the 
frictional force between the emergency stopping shoe and the guide rail is 
maintained. 
According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, since the 
safety apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further 
comprises an oscillation absorption apparatus provided on any of the 
governor, emergency stopping operation mechanism and emergency stopping 
mechanism for absorbing oscillations, even if the cage is temporarily 
oscillated to a large extent and the speed of the cage is varied by 
passengers getting into or out of the elevator or moving violently in the 
cage (movable section), the oscillations can be absorbed, and a 
malfunction of the emergency stopping mechanism can be prevented. 
According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, since the 
safety apparatus for an elevator is constructed such that it further 
comprises a guide rail of a conductor securely disposed along a path of 
upward and downward movement of the elevator, a governor for being 
displaced when a speed of a movable section reached a critical speed, and 
an emergency stopping mechanism provided on the governor for operating 
directly in response to a displacement of the governor to grasp the guide 
rail to generate a frictional force to brake the movable section, such 
members as a pulling up bar, a holding down bar and a pulling up wedge 
mechanism are unnecessary, and an emergency stopping operation can be 
performed directly by a displacement of the pickup and the safety 
apparatus for an elevator can be constructed with a reduced size and a 
simplified construction. Further, where the emergency stopping mechanism 
is disposed on the cage (cage frame), installation and adjustment can be 
performed readily and also inspection and maintenance are facilitated.