Structures, window protection systems and methods for protecting glass panes during storms

A compressible structure for temporarily protecting a glass pane of a window structure includes a shaping member for removable securement on the window structure and defining a cavity over the glass pane and a layer of solidified compressible material in said cavity providing protection for the glass pane. A window protection system includes a shaping member and a supply system for supplying a compressible material in fluidic form to a cavity of the shaping member, wherein the fluidic compressible material sets to form a layer of solidified compressible material. A protected window structure includes a window structure and a panel of solidified compressible foam material disposed over at least a portion of one or more glass panes of the window structure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to protection of glass panes during storm conditions and, more particularly, to structures positioned over glass panes to absorb forces from high winds and wind-borne debris to protect the glass panes from shattering and damage.

2. Discussion of the Prior Art

Protection of glass panes in buildings during storms has been a great problem in the past, and many efforts have been made to prevent the glass panes from shattering and falling into the building due to high winds, projectiles and debris thereby damaging the interior of the building due to the glass and due to wind and rain damage through the breached glass pane. Prior art attempts to protect glass panes in buildings from storm damage have included prefabricated storm shutters, plywood sheets, lamination systems and taping. Storm shutters are normally made of aluminum or other lightweight metal alloys, fiberglass, polyvinyl acrylate or other plastic. Storm shutters are fabricated to fit the exact measurements of window structures, including glass panes, to be protected and have the disadvantages of being expensive and requiring substantial time for fabrication such that storm shutters are not available unless ordered well in advance of a storm. Plywood sheets are generally sold in four-foot by eight-foot sheets with a thickness of ⅝ inch such that the plywood sheets weigh approximately 50 pounds each. The plywood sheets must be cut to fit the size of the window structures and are normally drilled and screwed into the building or window frame requiring craftsmanship, labor and hardware and, thus, having the disadvantages of being expensive and requiring substantial time to cover windows when a storm is approaching as well as being extremely heavy. Lamination systems, such as those supplied by 3M Corporation (e.g. Scotchshield) have the disadvantages of being films applied to the interior of the glass panes since they are designed to prevent shattered glass from collapsing to thereby prevent rain damage and glass fragments from becoming projectiles. The film is not particularly effective in preventing the glass from shattering and does not make the glass more shatter resistant. Since the film is usually on the interior of the glass, it cannot absorb enough energy from the glass fast enough to prevent a failure or fracture of the glass if the glass pane is struck by debris or projectiles. Accordingly, the primary use of lamination systems is to prevent shattered glass from falling apart. Taping of windows results, at best, in the holding of most of a fractured glass pane in place to reduce rain damage and the risk of individuals being cut.

From the above, it will be appreciated that there is a great need for protection of glass panes in window structures installed in buildings due to storms where the protection can be quickly applied and is inexpensive while also being easily removed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide protection for glass panes overcoming the abovementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

Another object of the present invention is to protect glass panes in buildings from storm damage by temporarily positioning a compressible structure over a glass pane and, after the storm passes, removing the compressible structure.

A further object of the present invention is to position a shaping member over a glass pane of a window structure in a building, wherein the shaping member is filled, prior to or subsequent to being positioned over the glass pane, with a fluidic compressible material which dries or cures to form a layer of solidified compressible material of sufficient thickness and properties to absorb energy from debris striking the shaping member during a storm.

Another object of the present invention is to utilize a shaping member to shape a fluidic polymeric foam material applied over a glass pane of a window structure such that the fluidic compressible material hardens to form a layer of solidified compressible material temporarily protecting the glass pane from damage due to storms.

An additional object of the present invention is to inflate a shaping member to a desired size in response to being filled, partially or entirely, with a fluidic compressible material which solidifies to form a compressible structure to protect a glass pane of a window structure in a building from storm damage.

It is also an object of the present invention to utilize a glass pane of a window structure in a building to form a wall of a cavity defined over the glass pane for being supplied with a fluidic compressible material which solidifies to protect the glass pane from damage.

The present invention has as a further object to position a plurality of compressible, structures over a glass pane of a window structure in a building, with the plurality of compressible structures covering the surface area of the glass pane to protect the glass pane from damage due to storms.

Yet another object of the present invention is to removably secure one or more pre-fabricated, polymeric foam panels over a glass pane of a window structure in a building to protect the glass pane from damage during storms.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cushioning effect between a glass pane and a solidified compressible material disposed over the glass pane to protect against damage from storms.

Still a further object of the present invention is to enhance the effectiveness of a compressible structure positioned over a glass pane of a window structure in a building to protect the glass pane from storm damage by utilizing a combination of solidified compressible materials of different densities in the compressible structure.

Some of the advantages of the present invention are that the compressible structures protect glass panes from shattering during storms, the compressible material, where disposed within a shaping member, is protected from exposure to the elements, the compressible structures are easy to apply and remove, the compressible structures typically weigh much less than plywood or similar materials conventionally utilized to cover window structures, a two-component supply system for the fluidic compressible material provides long shelf life for easy and instant use at a moment's notice, the compressible structures can be installed by one person and will not lose their shape or protective qualities during long periods of exposure to the elements, the shaping members can be filled with the fluidic compressible material at one or a few locations so that the supply system for the fluidic compressible material need not be moved to the site of each window structure, the shaping member can be formed of flexible or collapsible materials to occupy minimal space for storage when not filled with the compressible material, the compressible structures can be releasably secured on window structures in various ways including adhesively and/or mechanically, the compressible material itself can be used to releasably adhere the compressible structures to the glass panes, securing mechanisms including Velcro or similar materials can be used to releasably secure the compressible structures on the window structures, and the fluidic compressible material can be sprayed or poured into the shaping member for ease of use.

These and other objects, advantages and benefits are realized with the present invention as generally characterized in a compressible structure for temporarily protecting a window structure and comprising a shaping member for removable securement on the window structure and defining a cavity over one or more glass panes of the window structure, and a solidified compressible material in the cavity providing a protective layer over the one or more glass panes.

The present invention is also generally characterized in a window protection system comprising a shaping member for removable securement on a window structure and defining a cavity over one or more glass panes of the window structure, a port in the shaping member providing an opening into the cavity and a supply system for supplying a fluidic compressible material to the cavity which solidifies or hardens to form a layer of solidified compressible material over the one or more glass panes. The shaping member and solidified compressible material form a compressible structure protecting the one or more glass panes.

The present invention is further generally characterized in a temporarily protected window structure comprising a window structure and a compressible structure removably secured on the window structure. The compressible structure includes a layer of solidified compressible foam material disposed over one or more glass panes of the window structure to protect the one or more glass panes from damage. The layer of solidified compressible material may include a single layer or multiple layers of solidified compressible materials of different densities.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like parts in each of the several figures are identified by the same reference characters.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention relates to the positioning of a compressible structure over a glass window structure in a building in order to protect the window structure and the interior of the building from damage caused by high winds and wind-borne debris during storms. Buildings to which the invention applies may be both commercial and residential. The glass window structure can be of any conventional construction where one or more glass panes are held in place in a frame of one or multiple parts surrounding the one or more glass panes, such as sash windows, casement windows, slidably or pivotally movable windows and doors, non-movable windows, protruding windows and recessed windows.

FIG. 1illustrates a window protection system10according to the present invention including a shaping member or mold12and a supply system14for supplying a fluidic compressible material to shaping member12which hardens, cures, sets or solidifies to form a layer of solidified compressible material20thereby forming a compressible structure16as illustrated in FIG.2. Shaping member12preferably has a perimetrical size to fit closely within a recess defined by the frame of a window structure or to overlap the frame some amount so as to cover one or more glass panes mounted within the frame. The shaping member12can be fabricated from various materials, such as paper, cardboard, cellulosic material, wood, polymer, metal and composite materials, with a flexible polymeric material being a preferred material. Use of a flexible material allows the shaping member12to be flattened, collapsed and/or folded to occupy minimum space for storage prior to being filled with the compressible material and to allow for size adjustment when the shaping member is filled with the compressible material as explained further below. The shaping member12could also be fabricated from expandable or stretchable materials.

The shaping member12is in the nature of a hollow membrane or body having a plurality of walls defining an interior cavity18for receiving or holding compressible material20as shown inFIG. 2. Aback or rear wall22of shaping member12carries a securing element24by which the shaping member is removably secured over the one or more glass panes. The securing element24for compressible structure16includes a layer of adhesive25covering the outer surface of the back wall22partially or entirely and a protective cover sheet26disposed over the adhesive layer25prior to use. The cover sheet26is removable as shown inFIG. 2to uncover or expose the adhesive layer25for attachment to the window structure as explained further below. A front wall28of the shaping member12faces exteriorly when the shaping member12is secured over the exterior of the one or more glass panes and thusly faces the storm for which the compressible structure16is to provide protection to the one or more glass panes. Opposing side walls30and top and bottom walls32extend between back wall22and front wall28and define a preselected depth for cavity18between back wall22and front wall28corresponding to a desired depth for the compressible material. Typically, the depth of cavity18will vary from 0.5 inch to 12 inches depending upon the size of the shaping member and the dimensions of the window structure to be protected. The walls of shaping member12are of sufficient thickness, rigidity and/or strength to shape and support the fluidic compressible material so that the layer of solidified compressible material20is positioned in front of the one or more glass panes and, preferably, in a plane parallel or substantially parallel to the plane of the one or more glass panes.

A port34in shaping member12provides an opening into cavity18to allow the cavity to be filled with the fluidic compressible material. The port34for shaping member12is located in the front wall28near the upper right corner; however, the port34can be provided in any of the front, back, side, top or bottom walls at any suitable location to establish communication with the cavity18from externally of the shaping member. Where the shaping member12is to be filled with the fluidic compressible material prior to securement thereof over the one or more glass panes, the port34can be provided in any of the back, front, side, top or bottom walls. Where the shaping member12is to be filled with the fluidic compressible material after the shaping member12is secured over the one or more glass panes, the port34typically would be provided in the front, side, top or bottom walls for ease of access and use. Shaping member12would typically be supplied in a flattened or collapsed condition prior to the compressible material being supplied to cavity18, and the unfilled shaping member can be folded to facilitate storage. Shaping member12is filled with the fluidic compressible material to obtain the compressible structure16, and the fluidic compressible material is supplied to cavity18via the port34.

A desirable compressible material is a polymeric material or foam and, preferably, a polyurethane foam, because of the relatively light weight and effective cushioning and energy absorption properties of the solidified compressible material obtained therewith. Other polymeric foams can be utilized including high and low density foams of polyethylene, polypropylene and polyurethane and modified styrene foams, particularly high impact polystyrene foams modified with polybutadiene. Some examples of open cell, i.e. low density foams, include polyether and polyester polyurethanes. Examples of closed cell foams include polyurethane, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), neoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber (NBR), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and (PVR/NBR). Additionally, cross-linked polyethylene, silicone and polystyrene foams and polyethylene can be used.

The supply system14, shown inFIG. 1, includes a supply tank36containing a quantity of the compressible material in fluidic form and having a delivery device38such as a discharge nozzle. The delivery device or nozzle38may be inserted into port34to allow for easy filling of cavity18with the fluidic compressible material. The fluidic compressible material may be sprayed into cavity18from the delivery device or, if the fluidic compressible material is too viscous to be sprayed or if the spray pressure is insufficient, the fluidic compressible material may be poured under pressure into cavity18from tank36. The fluidic compressible material is supplied to cavity18until the cavity is filled to a desired amount and, typically, the cavity will be completely filled. Once the cavity is filled, the delivery device or nozzle is removed from the port34, which will be closed by the compressible material or foam and is thusly self-sealing, since the fluidic compressible material or foam sets, cures, hardens or solidifies quickly to form the solidified compressible material20. The solidified compressible material preferably has twice as great compression strength in a direction parallel to the foam rise, i.e. perpendicular to back and front walls22and28, as compared with the compression strength in a direction perpendicular to the foam rise. The location of port34in front wall28ensures that the rise of the foam will generally be in a direction perpendicular to the back and front walls and, therefore, perpendicular to the one or more glass panes. The compression strength and other physical strength characteristics will vary with the type of foaming system utilized. Compression strength values from 15 to 40 psi can be obtained with 2 lbs/ft3density1urethane foams. A compression strength of 30 psi can be obtained with foam densities from 1.0 to 10.0 lbs/ft3. Many foams will be in the range of 5.0 lb/ft3. With the variation in compression strength values related to density, a generalized correlation of strength with density can be obtained.

A solidified compressible material formed from polyurethane or polyethylene foam provides increased energy absorption from projectiles as compared with a non-foam polymeric material due to the mechanical properties of the foam's cell or pore structure. The cells or pores preferably have diameters in the range of from 0.005 mm to 5.0 mm and, most preferably, in a range of from 0.01 mm to 0.03 mm and create a spongy three-dimensional, compressible, elastomeric web pattern with entrapped gas to absorb energy. The solidified compressible material formed from polyurethane or polyethylene foam preferably has a thickness within the shaping member, in a direction perpendicular to the one or more glass panes, in a range of from 0.5 inch to 12.0 inches corresponding to the depth of cavity18and, most preferably, in a range of from 1.0 to 4.0 inches to form an elastomeric, spongy cushion preventing shattering or fracturing of the underlying one or more glass panes. The depth of cavity18can be preselected to provide the desired thickness of polyurethane or polyethylene foam upon completion of the filling step, the fluidic polyurethane or polyethylene foam being shaped and supported by the shaping member to form a layer of solidified compressible material over the one or more glass panes.

A one-component or two-component supply system may be utilized to fill cavity18with the fluidic compressible material. A one-component system is shown inFIG. 1, wherein tank36contains a fluidic compressible material including a polymeric blend such as a polymeric/polyol, polyurethane prepolymer and a polymeric hydrocarbon propellant to be delivered as a foam from delivery device38. A two-component supply system114is shown inFIG. 3, wherein a first supply tank136A contains component A, such as a polymeric polyol, a second supply tank136B contains component B, such as disocyanate, and a mixing head137statically blends and reacts components A and B for delivery as a fluidic compressible material or foam through the delivery device or nozzle138. Components A and B can be housed in a single container139as shown in dotted lines. A catalyst may be added to either supply system to decrease or reduce the cure time. The supply system114can be provided without mixing head137, with component A being a first fluidic compressible material and component B being a second fluidic compressible material for selective discharge from the delivery device138to form a multi-layer compressible structure comprising multiple layers of first and second solidified compressible materials of different densities as described below.

Compressible structure16, i.e. shaping member12and solidified compressible material20, is releasably or removably secured over the one or more glass panes of the window structure, or the shaping member12is releasably or removably secured over the one or more glass panes of the window structure prior to being supplied with the fluidic compressible material which forms solidified compressible material20.FIG. 4illustrates compressible structure16being positioned over the exterior facing side or surface of a glass pane40of a window structure42in a building. The glass pane40is surrounded and supported by a frame44of window structure42, and the glass pane40is disposed in a recess43circumscribed by the frame44. The frame44thusly circumscribes an area containing exposed glass. The compressible structure16, wherein shaping member12has already been filled with the fluidic compressible material to form the layer of solidified compressible material20as described above and wherein the cover sheet26has been removed to expose the adhesive layer25, is positioned over the glass pane40to fit closely or snugly within the recess43. The compressible structure16is pressed firmly against the glass pane40so that the adhesive layer25contacts the exterior facing side or surface of the glass pane and releasably secures the compressible structure thereto to form a protected window structure. In the protected window structure, the body of solidified compressible material20is of a size to cover the area circumscribed by frame44at least substantially in its entirety, andFIG. 4illustrates the body of compressible material covering the entirety of the area circumscribed by frame44. Filling the shaping member12with the fluidic compressible material prior to its securement over the glass pane allows the supply system to be kept in a central location rather than requiring its transport to numerous different locations where windows are to be protected. Also, the shaping member could be filled at a remote location, for example at a warehouse, allowing a large number of compressible structures to be formed at one location. The compressible structure can be secured over the window structure a few minutes after filling the shaping member with the fluidic compressible material. An extendable arm or pole can be used to facilitate installation.

Alternatively, the cover sheet26is removed to expose the adhesive layer25, and the shaping member12is pressed firmly against the exterior facing side or surface of a glass pane140prior to the shaping member being filled with the fluidic compressible material as shown in FIG.5. The fluidic compressible material is then supplied to the cavity18via the delivery device or nozzle38of the supply system14inserted into port34as described above. The fluidic compressible material cures to form the layer of solidified compressible material20, thereby forming the compressible structure16in situ to form a protected window structure.FIG. 5illustrates the shaping member12applied over a glass pane140which is not recessed within the frame144. Also, the glass pane140has a perimeter slightly smaller than the perimeter of the shaping member12such that the shaping member overlaps the frame144a small amount. The body of solidified compressible material thusly covers the entirety of the area circumscribed by frame144and containing the exposed glass140. Accordingly, the adhesive layer25is pressed against the frame144where the shaping member overlaps the frame. In this manner, the shaping member12is releasably secured to the frame144as well as to the exterior surface of the glass pane140.

The compressible structure16is deployed over the window structure to be protected in advance of the arrival of a storm. When the storm arrives, the layer of solidified compressible material absorbs energy and provides a shock absorption effect protecting the one or more glass panes from damage. The compressible structure prevents shattering of the one or more glass panes, provides an insulative effect, and protects the interior of the building. After the storm passes, the compressible structure16can be easily removed from the window structure by detaching the adhesive layer25from the window structure. A compressible structure can be removed from the exterior side of the building; or, if the window structure is movable (e.g. pivotal or on tracks), the compressible structure can be removed from the interior side of the building without the use of a ladder by opening the window and pulling the compressible structure off the window structure and into the building. If the windows are not movable or do not open, an extension arm or pole can be used to remove the compressible structure. The compressible structure will normally be disposed of subsequent to use; however, the compressible structure could be retained for future re-use.

It should be appreciated that the securing element should be capable of holding the compressible structure over the one or more glass panes during a storm yet should be easily detachable from the window structure after the storm has passed. Where a pressure sensitive adhesive is utilized as the securing element as illustrated for compressible structure16, the adhesive should provide sufficient holding strength for the compressible structure yet should be detachable from the window structure without excessive force. It is also desirable that the adhesive leave little or no residue on the window structure, particularly residue that is difficult to remove. It should also be appreciated that the securing element need not be attached to or carried by the compressible structure prior to use in that the securing element can be provided separate from the compressible structure. Various securing elements can be utilized with the compressible structure including adhesives and/or mechanical securing devices such as clips. Where the securing element is an adhesive, the adhesive could be separately applied to the window structure and the compressible structure or shaping member can thereafter be secured thereto.

As an example of the above, the compressible structure16can be provided without a securing element, and a securing element, such as adhesive layer125, can be provided on the window structure as shown by dotted lines in FIG.4. The adhesive layer125can be applied to all or part of the exterior surface of glass pane40, for example, to contact the compressible structure16or shaping member12when it is pressed against the glass pane. Additionally or alternatively, the adhesive layer125can be applied to one or more surfaces of frame44defining the recess43so as to be contacted by one or more of the side, top and or bottom walls of the compressible structure when it is positioned within the recess43. In the procedure illustrated byFIG. 5, the adhesive layer125could be applied, for example, to the portion of frame144overlapped by the compressible structure16. The compressible material itself can serve as the securing element in that the fluidic compressible material or polymeric foam can be used to contact the window structure and adhere the compressible structure thereto as it solidifies or cures. As an example,FIG. 5illustrates in dotted lines a cut-out or opening145in the back wall of shaping member12, in which case shaping member12may be provided without a securing element. The shaping member is manually held in place against the glass plane140as it is filled with the fluidic compressible material. As the fluidic compressible material fills the cavity of the shaping member and rigidifies or cures, it contacts the glass pane and will become adhered thereto with sufficient force to hold the shaping member in place. Of course, the shaping member, and the resulting compressible structure, can be provided with various different cut-outs or openings at various different locations on the shaping member to establish contact of the compressible material with the window structure, including the glass pane and/or frame, in order to adhere the shaping member thereto. Cut-outs or openings in the shaping member by which the compressible material adhesively contacts11the window structure can be used in addition to a securing element for extra holding force. Since the foam can be very adherent by nature, the adhesive properties of the foam can be adjusted and/or a release sheet or film can be applied to the window structure to facilitate removal of the compressible structure as disclosed in prior patent application Ser. No. 09/362,890 filed Jul. 29, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,642 and incorporated herein by reference.

Compressible structures could be placed over both the exterior surface and the interior surface of a glass pane for increased protection.FIG. 6shows a protected window structure formed by compressible structure16secured over an interior surface of a glass pane40of window structure42and a modified compressible structure216secured over the exterior surface of glass pane40. Compressible structure16fits closely within the recess of frame44and is secured to the interior surface of glass pane40via adhesive layer25contacting the interior surface of glass pane40in the manner described above. Compressible structure216is similar to compressible structure16except that the front wall228of shaping member212is made of a relatively higher strength material, and the back wall222thereof is designed to provide a cushioning effect between glass pane40and the solidified compressible material220. The front wall228is made of a material having a higher tensile strength and higher impact and tear resistance than the materials used for the remaining walls of shaping member212. The back wall222is constructed from multiple spaced layers246, each preferably a layer of polymeric film such as polyethylene, polyurethane or polystyrene, and a cushioning structure247therebetween. The cushioning structure247is formed by a plurality of air cell units250between the layers246, and the adhesive layer225is carried by the layer246located on the outer or back side of the compressible structure. The back wall222is similar to the material known as “bubble wrap”, with the air cell units250varying in size from 0.001 inch to 12 inches. The air cell units250contain pockets of air and act as a protective cushion. In particular, the back wall222aids in separating the solidified compressible material, which absorbs the greatest force from impacts, from the glass pane40and acts as a protective cushion between the glass pane and the solidified compressible material. The back wall222also provides an insulative effect. The compressible structure216can be formed in situ on the window structure or can be formed prior to being positioned on the window structure as described above.

Another modified compressible structure is illustrated at316inFIG. 7, which illustrates compressible structure316secured over the exterior of glass pane40without a compressible structure being secured over the interior of glass pane40. Compressible structure316is similar to compressible structure216except for the construction of back wall322and front wall328. Back wall322is similar to back wall222and includes spaced layers346, with the adhesive layer325being carried by the layer346that is located on the back or outer side of the compressible structure. However, back wall322differs from back wall222in that polymeric particles351, such as styrene particles, are disposed between layers346and form the cushioning structure347. The front wall328differs from the front wall228in that the front wall328is made of the same material as the side, top and bottom walls of shaping member312.

FIG. 8illustrates at416a further alternative compressible structure secured over the exterior of glass pane40and having a back wall422which provides a cushioning effect. Compressible structure416is similar to compressible structure316except that the back wall422, which carrier adhesive layer425, is made of a layer of polymeric sponge material providing the cushioning effect between glass pane40and solidified compressible material420.

Another alternative compressible structure516is illustrated inFIG. 9secured over the exterior of glass pane40. Compressible structure516is similar to compressible structure16except that compressible structure516includes a cushioning element552interposed between back wall522and adhesive layer525. Cushioning element552is contiguous with back wall522and includes spaced layers546with a cushioning structure comprising polymeric particles551therebetween as described for back wall322. The cushioning element552can alternatively be-constructed as a layer of polymeric sponge as described and illustrated for back wall422or as a plurality of layers of polymeric material having air cell units therebetween as described and illustrated for back wall222.

An alternative shaping member612is illustrated in FIG.10and differs from shaping member12primarily in that the shaping member612is provided without a back wall. Shaping member612is prefabricated or pre-built with interconnected side walls630and top and bottom walls632defining or circumscribing an opening654closed along one side by front wall628. The side, top and bottom walls are positioned to be oriented900to a window structure to which the shaping member612is to be temporarily secured. The side, top and bottom walls can be made of various materials including polymeric, paper, cardboard, various cellulosic materials, wood, metal, or composite materials. Preferably, the front wall628is a polymeric film and, desirably, a high tensile strength polymeric film. The shaping member612can be constructed with various shapes and sizes in accordance with the shape and size of a window structure to be protected. The width of the side, top and bottom walls can be selected to correspond to a desired depth for the solidified compressible material within shaping member612.

The shaping member612is used by positioning it over a window structure as shown inFIG. 11, which illustrates the shaping member612positioned within a recess of window structure42so as to be disposed over the exterior of glass pane40. The shaping member612has a perimetrical size corresponding to the size of the recess of window structure42and thus fits snugly or closely within the recess. The shaping member612is removably attached to the window structure via a securing element624including an adhesive layer625applied along the surfaces of frame44circumscribing the recess. Accordingly, the adhesive layer625contacts and adheres to the side, top and bottom walls of the shaping member612within the recess. The shaping member612is positioned in the recess so that the exterior surface of the glass pane40contacts the rearward edges of the side, top and bottom walls and thereby closes the opening654and forms a cavity618.FIG. 11, therefore, is illustrative of a procedure wherein the glass pane forms the back wall of and completes the cavity for receiving the fluidic compressible material. Once the shaping member612is properly positioned over the glass pane40, the cavity618is supplied with the fluidic compressible material to form the layer of solidified compressible material620as described above thereby forming the compressible structure616. If desired, a release sheet or film656, shown in dotted lines, can be applied over the exterior surface of glass pane40prior to positioning the shaping member612thereon, such a release sheet or film being described in the prior application incorporated herein by reference. The compressible structure616will typically be deployed in advance of a storm and, after the storm passes, the compressible structure616is removed from the window structure42.

A further alternative shaping member is illustrated inFIG. 12at712. The shaping member712is similar to the shaping member612except that the side, top and bottom walls of shaping member712have an L-shaped configuration defining a peripheral rim or lip758which can be placed against the window frame44. The lip758can be secured to the window frame44by a securing element, such as an adhesive layer725between the lip758and a front surface of the frame44. Of course, the shaping member712can be provided with the adhesive layer725pre-applied thereon and covered by a removable cover sheet as described above. Alternatively, the adhesive layer725can be applied to the lip758and/or frame44as part of the procedure to install the shaping member712on the window structure. Once the shaping member712has been properly secured over the glass pane40, the cavity718created by the shaping member712and the window structure is filled with the fluidic compressible material to form the layer of solidified compressible material720, thereby forming compressible structure716. It should be appreciated that the lip758does not have to be attached to the frame44but, rather, can be attached to the glass pane40or to a release film previously applied to the glass pane.

An alternative compressible structure816is illustrated in FIG.13and is a pre-formed, pre-fabricated foam panel providing a layer of solidified compressible material820, the back surface of which can be provided with an adhesive layer825by which the foam panel can be secured to a window structure to protect one or more glass panes thereof from damage. As shown by a dotted line860, the pre-shaped panel816can be cut to fit various shapes and sizes of windows.

FIG. 14illustrates an additional alternative compressible structure916, which is similar to compressible structure816except that the layer of solidified compressible material defining the foam panel comprises a plurality of layers of solidified compressible materials of different densities. Compressible structure916includes an outer or first layer962of a first solidified compressible material920A and an inner or second layer964of a second solidified compressible material920B, the outer and inner layers being laminated or bonded together. The first solidified compressible material920A is preferably a closed cell foam material of relatively greater density, fewer open pores and, therefore, relatively greater rigidity. The second solidified compressible material920B is an open or closed cell foam material with a greater number of open pores and, therefore, less rigidity. The layers962and964can be laminated or bonded together in various ways. The layer964carries an adhesive layer925covered by a releaseable cover sheet926. The more rigid foam layer962faces the storm and is exposed to the greatest impact from flying debris and wind. The less rigid foam layer964is disposed between the layer962of greater rigidity and the glass pane and provides a cushioning effect between the more rigid layer and the glass pane.

FIG. 15is illustrative of a procedure for filling a shaping member1012with first and second fluidic compressible materials to obtain first and second layers of first and second solidified compressible materials of different densities, respectively.FIG. 15illustrates shaping member1012, which is similar to shaping member12, placed in a horizontal position wherein the shaping member will typically be supported on a table, the ground or other support surface. A supply system1014is used to deliver a first fluidic compressible material from a tank1036A to cavity1018via a delivery device or nozzle1038inserted in port1034, the first fluidic compressible material forming a first layer1064of a first solidified compressible material1020A of a first density. Once the first fluidic compressible material has been supplied to the cavity in a uniform or substantially uniform layer and has been allowed to set somewhat to form the first layer1064of first compressible solidified material1020A, a second fluidic compressible material is supplied to the cavity from a tank1036B via the delivery device or nozzle1038inserted in port1034as shown in FIG.15. The second fluidic compressible material is applied in a layer over the first compressible material until the cavity is filled and forms a layer1062of a second solidified compressible material1020B greater in density than the first solidified compressible material1020A. Of course, the first and second fluidic compressible materials can be contained in different supply systems. The delivery device or nozzle1038is similar to nozzle38except that the delivery device or nozzle1038is extendable for delivery of the fluidic compressible materials remote from the tanks1036A and1036B.

FIG. 16illustrates the compressible structure816secured over a glass pane of a window structure42to form a protected window structure using a securing element including one or more mechanical securing devices865in the form of spring clips inserted or interposed between the perimetrical edges, i.e. the external perimeter, of the compressible structure816and frame44. The securing devices865are spring biased to hold the compressible structure816in place on window structure42and are compressible to allow the compressible structure to be removed from the window structure. The mechanical securing devices may alternatively be designed as non-spring clips.

FIG. 17illustrates a protected window structure formed by a plurality of compressible structures16arranged over a glass pane of window structure42so that the entire surface area of the glass pane is covered by the plurality of compressible structures.

FIG. 18illustrates a compressible structure1116secured over a glass pane of a window structure42using a plurality of alternative mechanical securing devices1165. The compressible structure1116is similar to compressible structure816, but is smaller in peripheral or perimetrical size than the recess43of window structure42. The compressible structure1116is centered within recess43and is removably held in place over the glass pane by the securing devices1165. The securing devices1165are interposed between frame44and the side, top and bottom walls of compressible structure1116. The securing devices1165are extendable and retractable in a longitudinal direction to span the gap between the perimeter of the compressible structure1116and the frame44and tightly hold the compressible structure in place. The securing devices1165are shown without a spring bias but may be designed to incorporate an outward spring bias in the longitudinal direction.

A compressible structure1216that is adjustable in external size is illustrated in FIG.19. The compressible structure1216is similar to compressible structure16and is made of flexible material or of elastic or stretchable material such that the external size of the shaping member1212can be adjusted or controlled by controlling the amount of fluidic compressible material supplied to the shaping member1212.FIG. 19illustrates the shaping member1212and, therefore, compressible structure1216obtained therewith, having a first external size when filled with a quantity of compressible material and illustrates the shaping member1212and, therefore, the compressible structure1216, having a second external size, greater than the first external size, when filled with a greater quantity of the compressible material. Where the shaping member is made of a flexible but inelastic material, any excess material not filled with compressible material can be folded over the layer of solidified compressible material.

FIG. 20illustrates an alternative securing device1365, one or more of which can be used as a securing element for the compressible structures of the present invention. Securing device1365includes an attachment member1368for attachment to a compressible structure and a clip1370for retaining the attachment member on the compressible structure. The attachment member1368includes a planar base1371and an elongate pin1372extending perpendicularly from the forward face of base1371. As shown inFIG. 22, a rearward face of base1371carries a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive1373optionally covered by a removable backing sheet or liner1374. The base1371is preferably of minimal thickness to lay flat against the compressible structure and is shown as being circular in external configuration, but can be of any desired external shape. Pin1372has a length greater than the thickness of the compressible structure with which the securing device1365is to be used so that a forward end of pin1372protrudes from the compressible structure when the attachment member1368is attached thereto as explained further below. Preferably, the forward end of pin1372tapers to a point to facilitate penetration of the compressible structure by the attachment member. The base and pin can be made of the same material or different materials, which may include metal, wood, polymer and fiber. Clip1370can be designed in various ways to retain the attachment member on the compressible structure and is shown as having an opening1375for slidably receiving the forward end of pin1372therethrough and retaining members or legs1376disposed around opening1375for releasably, lockingly engaging the forward end of pin1372passing through opening1375. The legs1376may be bent or angled and/or may be biased inwardly toward the center of opening1375to apply a locking force on pin1372. In the case of clip1370, the locking force is applied by the bent or angled portions of legs1376. The ends of legs1376may be manually squeezed or compressed to release the bent or angled portions from locking engagement with the pin1372, allowing the clip1370to be moved longitudinally along the pin1372and, when the legs are released, the legs lockingly engage the pin and prevent longitudinal movement of the clip relative thereto.

FIGS. 21-23illustrate use of securing device1365to secure a compressible structure over a glass pane of a window structure.FIG. 21illustrates the clip1370removed from pin1372and shows the pin1372being inserted through a compressible structure1316. Compressible structure1316is similar to compressible structure816and is a pre-formed, pre-fabricated foam panel. However, it should be appreciated that the securing device1365can be used with the other compressible structures described herein. The pin1372is inserted, forward end first, through the back surface of the compressible structure and is advanced through the compressible structure in a perpendicular direction, with the pointed end of pin1372facilitating penetration of the compressible structure by the pin. Once the base1371is in abutment with the back surface of the compressible structure1316and the forward end of pin1372protrudes from the forward surface of the compressible structure, the clip1370is assembled to the attachment member1368. The clip1370is placed over the forward end of pin1372so that the forward end passes through the opening1376. The clip1370is moved longitudinally along the pin1372in the direction of the compressible structure and, if necessary, the legs1376may be squeezed or compressed toward one another to facilitate longitudinal movement of the clip along the pin. Once the clip1370abuts the forward surface of compressible structure1316, the legs1376are released, and the bent or angled portions will lockingly engage the forward end of pin1372. The clip1370will then be in a locked position on pin1372such that the compressible structure1316is held between base1371and clip1370. As shown inFIG. 20, the clip1370may be provided with a planar flange1378for abutting the forward surface of compressible structure1316so that the compressible structure is held between the planar flange1378and the planar base1371as shown in FIG.22. Once a desired number of securing devices1365has been assembled to the compressible structure, the compressible structure is ready to be secured over the glass pane of the window structure. To secure the compressible structure1316over the glass pane of a window structure using the securing device1365, the backing sheet1374is removed or peeled away from base1371to expose the layer of adhesive1373as shown in FIG.22. Optionally, the back surface of the compressible structure can be coated with an adhesive as shown by adhesive coating1380in FIG.22. The adhesive coating1380is preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive weaker than the pressure sensitive adhesive1373and serves to bond the compressible structure to the glass pane for additional securing power and also creates a damping effect. Once the adhesive1373is exposed by removing backing sheet1374, the compressible structure1316is placed against the glass pane1340of window structure1342.FIG. 23shows the compressible structure1316positioned over the exterior of glass pane1340and being secured thereto via the adhesive of base1371with the optional adhesive coating1380providing additional holding force.

To remove the compressible structure1316after a storm has passed, the clip1370is withdrawn from pin1372. Withdrawal of the clip1370from the pin1372may be accomplished by squeezing the legs1376and sliding the clip along the pin in a direction away from the compressible structure1316until the pin is removed from the opening1375. The compressible structure1316may then be grasped and moved or pulled away from the glass pane1340in a direction perpendicular thereto so that the compressible structure is also removed entirely from the pin1372. The attachment member1368can now be removed from the glass pane by pulling an edge of base1371to release adhesive1373from its bond with the glass pane. Removal of base1371may be facilitated by using a razor blade or a solvent, if needed. Upon removal of the compressible structure1316from the attachment member1368, the compressible structure can be stored for reuse. The securing device1365will typically be disposed of, and one or more new securing devices may be used in the future to secure the compressible structure1316to the glass pane of a window structure.

Depending on the external size of the compressible structure, one or more securing devices1365may be used to secure the compressible structure to the glass pane. The number of securing devices1365needed may also depend on the size of the securing devices. For instance, the base1371may be provided in various external sizes, for example, ranging from one inch to twelve inches in diameter.FIG. 24shows the back surface of compressible structure1316with the base1371of the attachment member1368for the securing device being disposed at a central location on the compressible structure. As shown by bases1371in dotted lines, additional securing devices can be assembled to the compressible structure1316at other desired locations.

Various adhesives can be used in the present invention, examples of which include polyurethane, cyanoacrylate, acrylate, epoxy, silicone, films, polyesters, rubber, hot melt polyolefins, polyamide, block copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, and vinyl acetate ethylene. Various release agents may be used to facilitate removal of the compressible structures from the window structures, and examples of such release agents include petroleum based substances, alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, glycol ethers, methyl ethyl ketone, xylene, d-limonene, phthalate and benzoates. Examples of catalysts which may be used in the present invention to speed up reaction and/or curing times include amine catalysts, organometallic, bismuth and zinc organics.

Inasmuch as the present invention is subject to various modifications and changes in detail, it should be appreciated that the preferred embodiments described herein should be considered as illustrative only and should not be taken in a limiting sense.