Press for treating waste products

The press comprises a frame (1), a feed zone (3) for receiving the waste products, a pressing chamber (9) comprising an inlet opening (10) and an outlet opening (11) which are in opposed relation and disposed coaxially relative to the feed zone (3), and a chamber (14) for discharging the solid phase. The press further comprises an element (15) which is movable transversely relative to the axis of the press chamber (9) between a first position for closing the outlet opening (11) and a second position for opening the outlet opening (11), and an arrangement (20) for applying the movable element against the outlet opening (11) of the pressing chamber.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a press for treating heterogeneous waste 
products. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
In recent years, the increasing volume of waste products and in particular 
household refuse or garbage has made it necessary to search for solutions 
permitting the treatment and recycling of these waste products. 
It has already been envisaged to employ such waste products as fuel, but 
the presence in these waste products of a high content of water and 
incombustible products results in only an insufficient amount of energy. 
Indeed, such waste products are constituted by a liquid phase which only 
contains organic products and a solid phase which contains metallic, 
mineral and synthetic materials. 
One solution consists in compressing these waste products so as to obtain 
residues which are dry enough to constitute a fuel having acceptable 
calorific power, fluid substances utilizable, according to their type, in 
agriculture as ground modifying products or as raw materials from which 
chemical products may be extracted. 
Devices for compressing these waste products are already known and mostly 
consist of hydraulic presses including a feed zone receiving the waste 
products to be treated, a press chamber connected to means for recovering 
the liquid phase, and a chamber for discharging the solid phase located on 
the downstream side of the press chamber. 
This press chamber comprises an inlet opening and an outlet opening and has 
a section equal to that of a piston of a first jack or ram. 
The wall of the chamber comprises a multitude of perforations communicating 
with a passage for discharging the liquid phase extracted by compression 
of the waste products. 
The outlet opening of the press chamber is usually closed by a plug carried 
by a rod of a second jack or ram opposed to the first-mentioned jack. 
The pistons of the two jacks are movable in a reciprocating manner between 
a first position of compression of the waste products and discharge of the 
liquid phase during which the piston of the first jack enters the press 
chamber and the piston of the second jack closes the outlet opening of the 
chamber, and a second position of discharge of the solid phase during 
which the piston of the first jack continues its travel and the piston of 
the second jack opens the outlet opening of the said press chamber. 
This type of press has drawbacks, and in particular presents problems as to 
the maintenance of the seal between the press chamber and the solid phase 
discharging chamber. 
Indeed, bearing in mind the considerable forces involved when pressing the 
waste products, the seal is not fully achieved at the outlet opening of 
the press chamber by the piston of the second jack, so that leakages of 
liquid may occur and enter the solid phase discharging chamber. 
Further, the travel of the piston of the second jack is relatively long. 
This travel corresponds to a thickness of the solid phase, namely, for an 
incompressible product, the equivalent of the length of the die, which 
therefore requires a large volume of oil to actuate this jack. 
Bearing in mind this travel, the response time of the second jack is 
relatively long and rapid rates of operation cannot be obtained. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the present invention is to avoid these drawbacks and to 
provide a press which is simple to construct and yet permits obtaining 
rates of operation which are higher than those of prior art presses. 
The invention therefore provides a press for treating heterogeneous waste 
products comprising a solid phase and a liquid phase, said press 
comprising: 
a frame, 
a feed zone for receiving the heterogeneous waste products to be treated 
which is open adjacent to the top thereof and comprises two opposed 
lateral openings having a section adapted to that of a compression piston 
movable between one of the openings of the feed zone and a position 
located beyond the other opening of the feed zone, 
a press chamber comprising an inlet opening and an outlet opening which are 
in opposed relation and coaxial relative to the feed zone, the chamber 
having a section equal to the section of the compression piston and 
comprising calibrated passages connecting the press chamber to liquid 
phase recovering means, and 
a chamber for discharging the solid phase located on the downstream side of 
the press chamber. 
The press further comprises: 
a closing and sealing element which has a shape complementary to the shape 
of the discharging chamber and is movable, on one hand, transversely 
relative to the axis of the press chamber, between a first position for 
closing the outlet opening of the press chamber during compression of the 
heterogeneous waste products, and a second position for opening the outlet 
opening for extracting the solid phase from the press chamber, and, on the 
other hand, along the axis of the press chamber by means for applying the 
said element against the outlet opening so as to seal the press chamber. 
According to other features: 
the transversely movable element consists of a slide controlled by a jack 
and guided by slideways connected to the frame, 
the lower part of the slide comprises blades for cleaning the walls of the 
discharging chamber, 
the movable element applying means comprise a jack whose piston moves along 
the axis of the press chamber.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The press shown in FIG. 1 comprises a frame 1 carrying a container 2 
forming a feed zone 3 for heterogeneous waste products. 
For this purpose, the feed zone 3 is open adjacent to the upper end thereof 
and surmounted by a hopper 4 equipped with at least one rammer (not shown) 
for introducing the waste products into feed zone 3. 
This feed zone 3 comprises two opposed lateral openings 5 and 6 having a 
section is adapted to the section of a compression piston 7 of a jack or 
ram 8, for example a hydraulic jack, carried by the frame 1. 
The piston 7 is movable between the opening 5 and a position located beyond 
the other opening 6 of the feed zone 3. 
The opening 6 of the feed zone 3 communicates with an annular press chamber 
9 coaxial with the feed zone 3 and having a section equal to the section 
of the piston 7. This press chamber 9 includes two opposed lateral 
openings 10 and 11. 
The press chamber 9 comprises an internal a sleeve 12 provided with a 
multitude of small calibrated passages 12a which place the interior of 
press chamber 9 in communication with means for recovering the liquid 
phase through a chute 13. 
The press chamber 9 communicates through the outlet opening 11 with a 
chamber 14 for discharging the solid phase of the waste products. 
The sleeve 12 of the press chamber 9 is provided adjacent to the outlet 
opening 11 with an annular flange 12b (FIG. 2) defining externally a 
continuous contact surface. 
Mounted in this discharging chamber 14 is an element transversely movable 
relative to the axis of the press chamber 9. This movable element is 
formed by a slide having a parallel-sided shape complementary to the shape 
of the discharging chamber 14 (FIGS. 1 and 2). 
The slide 15 is moved by the action of a jack 16, for example a hydraulic 
jack 16, between a first position for closing the outlet opening 11 of the 
press chamber 9 and a second position for opening said opening 11. 
In the course of its movement, the slide 15 is guided by slideways 17 
connected to the frame 1. 
To this end, the corners of the vertical edges of the slide 15 are cut in 
an L-shape the sides of which are provided with guide strips 15a adapted 
to cooperate with the slideways 17. 
A clearance is provided between the slide 15 and the slideways 17 to allow 
lateral displacement of the slide against the outlet opening 11 of the 
press chamber 9, as will be understood hereinafter. 
Further, the slide 15 comprises, in the lower part of the sides in contact 
with the walls of the discharging chamber 14, blades 18 for cleaning the 
walls of this chamber in the course of the displacement of the slide. 
The press further comprises means 20 for applying the slide against the 
outlet opening 11 of the press chamber 9. 
These means 20 comprise a jack or ram 21, for example a hydraulic jack, 
which is located on the axis of the press chamber 9 and has a body 
connected to the frame 1 of the press and a piston 22 movable in a short 
travel along the axis of the press chamber 9. 
The press just described operates in the following manner: 
The heterogeneous waste products to be treated are introduced into the 
hopper 4 and urged into the feed zone 3, for example by a rammer (not 
shown). 
At the beginning of the treatment cycle, the piston 7 is in a withdrawn 
position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, so as to permit the introduction of 
the waste products into the feed zone 3. 
Under the action of the jack 16, the slide 15 is placed in a lower position 
and closes the outlet opening 11 of the press chamber 9. 
The piston 22 of the jack is shifted and comes into contact with the slide 
15, and this has the effect of laterally shifting the slide 15 so that its 
side facing toward the outlet opening 11 is applied against the outer 
surface of the flange 12b (FIGS. 2 and 3). 
The seal in the region of the outlet opening 11 is a seal of the 
metal-to-metal type achieved by the quality of the contacting surfaces and 
the applying force exerted by the piston 22 of the jack 21. 
Thereafter, the piston 7 controlled by the jack 8 moves toward the press 
chamber 9 and pushes the waste products contained in the feed zone 3 
toward this chamber. 
In continuing its forward travel, the piston 7 urges the waste products 
into the press chamber 9 until a high pressure is reached and compresses 
the waste products in the chamber 9 against the slide 15. 
As the waste products are compressed in the press chamber 9, the liquid 
phase is squeezed out of these raw waste products through the calibrated 
passages 12a provided in the sleeve 12 and discharged through the chute 13 
(FIG. 3). 
At the end of the pressing of the waste products, the piston 22 of the jack 
21 is returned to its initial position and in this way releases the slide 
15. The latter is raised by the action of the jack 16 so as to open the 
outlet opening 11 of the press chamber 9 (FIG. 3). 
By the advance of the piston 7 through the pressing chamber 9, the solid 
and dry parts of the waste products are shifted out of this chamber (FIG. 
4) and, thereafter, urged into the discharging chamber 14 by the descent 
of the slide 15 (FIG. 5). 
Owing to the blades 18, the slide 15 acts as a shear in its downward travel 
in the event of a wedging of the solid parts and cleans the walls of the 
discharging chamber 14. 
When the solid parts have been discharged, the piston 7 returns to its 
initial position for a new cycle of operation similar to the preceding 
cycle. 
This system has the advantage of the possibility of using, for closing the 
outlet opening of the press chamber by means of the slide, a jack whose 
piston has a short travel, namely of the order of 5 mm, and whose oil 
capacity is small, whereby it is possible to obtain a shorter response 
time and increase the waste product treating rates. 
It also has the advantage of obviating the need for sealing means in the 
region of the outlet opening of the press chamber. Such sealing means are, 
as is known, elements which rapidly deteriorate and therefore require 
frequent replacement.