Automatic station for housing baskets in containers

The station comprises a conveyor belt to bring empty containers to a basket housing station, and for removing the containers when filled, and a conveyor belt for transporting baskets inwardly of the containers; the baskets are housed in an ordered fashion in the containers by a movement device of the baskets inside the containers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
In the packing chain for fruit and vegetable products, one of the last 
operations consists in filling the packing containers, which will then be 
dispatched to sales outlets. 
Usually cartons or crates used as containers come in standardized sizes and 
have their edges, at least on the shorter sides, folded inward. Since 
there exists a relation between carton size and the smaller held container 
or basket size, a predetermined number of food baskets is housed in each 
carton. 
Since the cartons have folded shorter sides, the baskets are housed in the 
carton by hand, first by pushing baskets into the edge and corner portion, 
then by progressively working towards the center of the carton. This takes 
up valuable time and requires care on the part of the packer so that 
nothing is damaged and wasted, not least because the baskets are very full 
with product and must be tightly housed in the carton. 
The present invention aims to obviate the above-mentioned drawbacks, by 
solving the problem of automation in the housing operation of the baskets 
in the cartons. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
One of the advantages obtained with the present invention is that the 
packing operation times of the baskets are considerably reduced: the final 
results are also better in relation to manually packed baskets, since a 
tighter and more efficient final packing result is obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
As can be seen in the figures, the invention relates to an automatic 
station 3 for housing food baskets in packing cartons, comprising a 
package transport device 1 which deposits the empty cartons 2 at a filling 
position and then removes them once filled. The automatic station 3 
further comprises a transport device 4 to place the baskets 5 inside the 
carton 2, and a basket maneuvering device 6 to locate the baskets 5 in 
ordered positions in the cartons 2. 
The carton 2 transport device 1 comprises a first pusher 7 (see FIG. 3) 
which nudges an empty carton 2 into a correct filling position, and a 
second pusher 8 (see FIG. 2) to remove the carton 2 when filled. The two 
pushers 7 and 8 are activated by means of a first sensor 9, shown in FIG. 
1, which signals that a carton 2 has been filled and proceeds to its 
substitution with a new, empty one. 
The basket 5 transport device 4 comprises a principal body 16 and a mobile 
rigid appendage 10 which, passing from a first completely extended 
position to a second, complete retracted position, enables the baskets 5 
to be positioned inside the canons 2 either on the side of the cartons 2 
which is further from the transport device 4, or on the side which is 
nearer to it. 
In the present embodiment, the principal body 16 and the appendage 10 of 
the transport device 4 are covered by a moving belt 17 connected up to a 
gear reducer 18. The appendage 10 is independently associated to 
corresponding means 19 for extending it. The means 19 comprise a mobile 
and alternating pneumatic cylinder 20 which is attached to a rigid 
structure 21 also supporting the appendage 10 and comprising at least two 
rollers 24 for the moving belt 17. 
A second sensor 22 controls the movement of the appendage on the basis of 
the number of baskets 5 that have passed on the appendage 10. After every 
two baskets 5 have passed, that is after 2, then 4, then 6 etc. have 
passed, the second sensor 22 stops the gear reducer 18 and a full cycle of 
the pneumatic cylinder 20 ensues, retracting the appendage 10: the first 
basket 5 is deposited by action of the moving belt 17, while the second 
basket 5 drops into the carton 2 by force of gravity on retraction of the 
appendage 10. Alternatively, the whole transport device 4 could be mobile 
and alternating such as to deposit the baskets 5 into the carton 2 in the 
same way as described above. The maneuvering device 6 of the baskets 5 
comprises a vertically mobile raised frame 11 provided with at least one 
transversely mobile fin 12, associated with a pneumatic cylinder 13. 
The embodiment shown has, in fact, two transversely mobile fins 12, 14: a 
first of these is associated to a first pneumatic cylinder 13, which moves 
it, while a second 14 is associated to a second pneumatic cylinder 15 
which moves both the fin 14 and the whole assembly comprising the first 
fin 12 and the first pneumatic cylinder 13. This embodiment exhibits one 
considerable advantage, which will emerge from the following description 
of the whole automatic station 3 functioning. 
When a carton 2 is in the ready-for-filling position, the raised frame 11 
is lowered, the appendage 10 extended and the motor started: the baskets 5 
coming from a packing machine 23 upstream of the automatic station 3 are 
brought on the moving belt 17 to the inside of the carton 2 and to a zone 
furthest from the feeding zone. When the second basket 5 has passed the 
second sensor 22 and locates on the appendage 10, the motor stops, the 
pneumatic cylinder 20 performs a complete work cycle and the two baskets 5 
fall in order, one behind the other: together they are nudged laterally by 
the two fins 12, 14 operated by the second pneumatic cylinder 15. Since 
eight baskets 5 are housed in each carton 2, the above operations are 
repeated until the carton 2 contains eight baskets 5. At this point the 
first pneumatic cylinder 13 is activated and only the first fin 12 is 
moved, which pushes the baskets 5, four on each side, and leaves a free 
space between the first fin 12 and the second fin 14, all of which 
considerably eases the housing of the last two baskets. Once these last 
two baskets 5 have been placed, the carton 2 is removed and a new one 
substitutes it.