Picture outline tracing and recording machine

A machine for tracing an outline of an original picture and recording the same outline image as the picture for making a cutting mask for photo-printing, which includes an optical head for receiving light from a light spot projected to the picture by a projector, detecting elements in the optical head which detect the outline of the picture and produce signals for controlling a driving arrangement, and a processing head for recording a locus of the outline onto the recording material, wherein the processing head has the same movement relative to the recording material as the optical head has relative to the original picture.

This invention relates to a machine for tracing the outline of an original 
picture and recording an image having the same outline as the picture to 
facilitate the making of a cutting mask for use in a photo-printing 
operation. 
Cutting masks are used in many ways. When a catalogue for some goods is 
printed, for example, in most cases the backgrounds are removed from 
pictures of the goods so as to print a picture of only the goods 
themselves. A reproduction image is obtained by laying a film of which the 
necessary part is transparent and the other part is opaque on the original 
picture and then reproducing it photographically, thereby obtaining a 
reproduction image in which the unnecessary part is omitted. According to 
the circumstances, it may on the other hand be required to provide a mask 
in which the necessary part is opaque and the unnecessary part 
transparent. 
Such a cutting mask has heretofore been made by hand. For example, in the 
same manner as when tracing a drawing, a transparent film sheet is laid on 
the original picture and the outline of the object to be masked in the 
picture is drawn. The outside or inside of the outline is then blotted out 
by opaque ink to obtain the cutting mask. 
Such hand work presents no problems if the object to be masked has a simple 
outline, but if the object has a complicated outline, much skill and a lot 
of time are required. Hence it is quite difficult to obtain an accurate 
cutting mask quickly for a photographic plate-making process. 
Alternatively, a photo-film of the desired size, reproduced by printing, 
may have the background obliterated by opaque ink to obtain the cutting 
mask. This method enables an accurate mask to be provided, but involves 
several hand work processes and thus involves a high cost. 
In order to overcome the problems, the following methods have been 
proposed. In the first method, a peel-off laminate film comprising a 
colorless transparent film and a colored transparent film having a safe 
light color such as red, is laid on the original picture, and the 
transparent color film is cut along the outline of the object in the 
picture. The unnecessary part of the transparent color film cut is then 
peeled off to obtain the cutting mask. This method skips the process of 
blotting out with opaque ink, but the cutting is done by hand by means of 
a thin-bladed cutter, and accordingly this method still involves the 
difficulty for making the cutting mask having a complicated outline. 
In a second method, an electronic color separation scanner or a color 
scanner for plate-making is used, as disclosed in the Japanese Patent 
Laying-Open Publication No. 47-17501 (Japanese Patent Application No. 
46-4149). 
In this case, the background of the object to be masked in the picture is 
set to a specific color prior to photographing the picture. When the 
original picture is scanned for color separation by the color scanner, the 
specific color of the background only is detected and exposed on a 
recording film to provide the cutting mask. 
By this method an accurate cutting mask can be prepared automatically, but 
this method is only applicable to an original picture of which the 
background has been set to a specific color and is not applicable to an 
ordinary picture. Further, this method requires the use of a costly color 
scanner. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a picture outline 
tracing and recording machine for making a cutting mask free from the 
abovementioned defects and enabling quick and accurate operation. 
According to the present invention there is provided a picture outline 
tracing and recording machine comprising: 
a picture support for holding an original picture; 
a recording medium support for holding a recording medium or material; 
an optical head for receiving the light from the light spot, which is moved 
relative to the surface of the original picture; 
drive means for moving the picture support relative to the optical head; 
detecting elements in the optical head, which detect an outline of the 
original picture and produce output signals for controlling the drive 
means; and 
a processing head for recording a locus of the outline onto the recording 
material, wherein the processing head has the same movement relative to 
the recording material as the optical head has relative to the original 
picture.

In FIG. 1, there is shown a picture outline tracing and recording machine 
according to the present invention, in which an original picture 1 and a 
masking material 2 are laid on a transparent plate 3 made of a material 
such as glass, which is mounted to an upper frame 4. The masking material 
2 is a peel-off laminate film comprising a colorless transparent film and 
a colored transparent film which may be cut by heating. 
The upper frame 4 is mounted over a lower frame 5 and is movable to the 
front and rear along a pair of rails 6 which are mounted on the lower 
frame 5. The upper frame 4 may be moved by rotating a screw 8 which 
engages with a nut 7 mounted to the right side in FIG. 1 of the upper 
frame 4, by means of a motor 9 mounted on the lower frame 5. 
The lower frame 5 is mounted over an upper drive frame 10 and is movable in 
the right and left directions along a pair of rails 11 which are mounted 
on the upper drive frame 10, by rotating a screw 13 which engages with a 
nut 12 mounted to the rear end of the lower frame 5, by means of a rotor 
14 mounted on the upper drive frame 10. 
The upper drive frame 10 is mounted above a lower drive frame 16 and is 
movable to the front and the rear along a pair of rails 17 which are 
mounted on the lower drive frame 16. A handle 15 is mounted to the front 
end of the upper drive frame 10. 
The lower drive frame 16 is mounted above a bottom frame 18 and is movable 
in the right and left directions along a pair of rails 19 which are 
mounted on the bottom frame 18. 
A support 20 for an optical head 21, for detecting the outline position of 
the object in the original picture 1, and a processing head 22 for 
processing the masking material 2, is mounted to the bottom frame 18. The 
optical head 21 and the processing head 22 are positioned just above the 
original picture 1 and the masking material 2, respectively, and the 
distance between the two heads 21 and 22 is determined to be the distance 
between a point on the picture 1 and the corresponding point on the 
masking material 2. 
A projector 25 shown in FIG. 2 is arranged within the bottom frame 18 under 
the optical head 21 and the transparent plate 3, and projects a light spot 
23 onto the picture 1, from where it is incident on the optical head 21. 
In addition, a light source for illuminating the entire picture 1 may 
preferably be mounted inside the bottom frame 18. 
The processing head 22 provides a heating needle 24 which projects 
downwards from its bottom. The lower end of the needle 24 contacts the 
transparent color film of the masking material 2, and the transparent 
color film is cut by moving the masking material 2. 
The two drive frames 10 and 16 are adapted to be moved by hand by the 
handle 15, but other drive means such as a combination of a feed screw and 
a nut, a turning handle and a motor, or the like, may be used instead. 
The operation for making a cutting mask by using the machine of FIG. 1 will 
now be described. 
The upper frame 4 is moved by moving the drive frames 10 and 16 by hand by 
the handle 15 so that the outline of the object in the original picture 1 
crosses the light spot 23. This adjustment of the position of the upper 
frame 4 will inevitably result in some displacement of the outline from 
the center of the light spot 23. When this happens, however, the light of 
the light spot 23 is incident on the optical head 21. When the offset of 
the outline of the object from the center of the light spot 23 is detected 
by the optical head 21, and the original picture 1 is moved by driving the 
motors 9 and 14 by using detecting signals from the optical head 21 so 
that the outline of the object is in the center of the light spot 23. In 
this manner the light spot, and hence the processing head, is 
automatically made to follow accurately the outline of the boundary. 
In FIG. 2, there is shown a optical system comprising the projector 25, a 
lens 26 and detecting elements 27, the latter two members 26 and 27 being 
included in the optical head 21. 
The projector 25 projects the light spot 23 to the picture 1 and the light 
from the light spot 23 is incident to the optical head 21, as described 
above. A plurality of photo-electric detecting elements 27 (eight elements 
are shown in FIG. 2), each having the same nature of properties, are 
radially arranged around the central optical axis of the optical head 21. 
With reference to FIGS. 3-7, the method for determining the orientation of 
the outline and the offset direction of the outline of the object will now 
be described. 
First, the determination of the orientation of the outline will be 
described. In FIGS. 3-7, hatching portions indicate dark portions 
projected of the original picture and for the sake of simplicity of 
explanation it will be supposed that the dark portions are completely 
opaque and the light portions are completely transparent. 
There are shown eight photo-electric detecting elements 271, 272, 273, 274, 
275, 276, 277 and 278 which produce output signals S.sub.1, S.sub.2, 
S.sub.3, S.sub.4, S.sub.5, S.sub.6, S.sub.7 and S.sub.8, respectively. 
Unless the outline of the object is positioned in the light spot 23, each 
detecting element receives the same amount of light and thus outputs the 
same signal. If the outline of the object is positioned in the light spot 
23, since the intensity of the picture is different on opposite sides of 
the outline, the detecting elements receive different amounts of light and 
hence output different amounts. From the different output signals of the 
detecting elements, the orientation and the direction of offset of the 
outline from the center of the light spot 23 will be determined. 
In order to determine the orientation of the outline, the eight detecting 
elements are divided into two groups of four adjacent elements, resulting 
in four different combinations. In each case, the difference value signals 
E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 or E.sub.4 between the total output signals of 
the four elements of the two groups is calculated by the following 
formulae: 
EQU E.sub.1 =.vertline.(S.sub.1 +S.sub.2 +S.sub.3 +S.sub.4)-(S.sub.5 +S.sub.6 
+S.sub.7 +S.sub.8).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.2 =.vertline.(S.sub.2 +S.sub.3 +S.sub.4 +S.sub.5)-(S.sub.6 +S.sub.7 
+S.sub.8 +S.sub.1).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.3 =.vertline.(S.sub.3 +S.sub.4 +S.sub.5 +S.sub.6)-(S.sub.7 +S.sub.8 
+S.sub.1 +S.sub.2).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.4 =.vertline.(S.sub.4 +S.sub.5 +S.sub.6 +S.sub.7)-(S.sub.8 +S.sub.1 
+S.sub.2 +S.sub.3).vertline. 
The maximum difference value is selected from the group of difference 
signals E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 or E.sub.4. The orientation of the 
outline is within 22.5.degree. of the boundary separating the two groups 
of detecting elements of the output signal combination having the maximum 
difference value. 
In FIG. 3, the outline is parallel to the boundary which divides the 
photo-electric elements into two groups, one of numbers 271, 272, 273 and 
274 and the other of numbers 275, 276, 277 and 278. The outline is offset 
toward the group including the elements 271, 272, 273, and 274. 
Now, assuming that the output signal of the detecting element is 1 when the 
element is fully covered by the light part, since the output signal of the 
element is in proportion to the area of the light part, the following 
values are obtained: 
S.sub.1 =S.sub.4 =0.30 
S.sub.2 =S.sub.3 =0.85 
S.sub.5 =S.sub.6 =S.sub.7 =S.sub.8 =0 
The difference value signals E.sub.1 to E.sub.4 are calculated, thereby 
obtaining the following values: 
E.sub.1 =2.30, E.sub.2 =1.70, E.sub.3 =0, E.sub.4 =1.70 
E.sub.1 is maximum. 
In FIG. 4, the orientation of the outline is the same as the one of FIG. 3, 
but the outline is offset toward the group including the elements 275, 
276, 277 and 278. In this case, the following values are obtained: 
S.sub.1 =S.sub.2 =S.sub.3 =S.sub.4 =1 
S.sub.5 =S.sub.8 =0.50 
S.sub.6 =S.sub.7 =0.05 
Thus, E.sub.1 =2.90, E.sub.2 =1.90, E.sub.3 =0, E.sub.4 =1.90 E.sub.1 is 
maximum. 
In FIG. 5, the outline passes through the center of the detecting elements 
and is inclined at a small angle to a boundary between two groups of the 
detecting elements. In this case, the output signal values are: 
S.sub.2 =S.sub.3 =S.sub.4 =1, S.sub.1 =0.70, 
S.sub.5 =0.30, S.sub.6 =S.sub.7 =S.sub.8 =0 
Therefore, E.sub.1 =3.40, E.sub.2 =2.60, E.sub.3 =0.60, E.sub.4 =1.40; 
E.sub.1 is maximum. 
In FIGS. 6 and 7, the outline is offset from the center of the detecting 
elements and is inclined to the boundary between two groups of the 
detecting elements. It is readily understood that E.sub.1 is maximum in 
the same manner as described above. 
The orientation of the outline of the object, it may be also determined by 
selecting the output combination having the minimum total difference value 
from E.sub.1 to E.sub.4. In this case, the orientation is indicated by the 
line perpendicular to the boundary of the two element groups of the output 
signal combination having the minimum total difference value of the output 
signals. 
Next, the determination of the offset direction of the outline with respect 
to the center of the detecting elements will be described. 
When E.sub.1 is maximum or E.sub.3 is minimum, the two following 
calculations are made: 
EQU E.sub.11 =.vertline.(S.sub.2 +S.sub.3)-(S.sub.1 +S.sub.4).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.12 =.vertline.(S.sub.6 +S.sub.7)-(S.sub.5 +S.sub.8).vertline. 
These formulae mean, as readily understood from FIGS. 3-7, that the 
difference between the total output signals of the two inner and that of 
the two outer of the detecting elements of each group of four elements 
separated by the boundary, is calculated. 
Then the two difference value signals E.sub.11 and E.sub.12 are compared. 
If E.sub.11 is larger than E.sub.12, the outline projected is offset to 
the detecting elements regarding the calculation of E.sub.11, and vice 
versa. 
In the case of FIG. 3, 
E.sub.11 =1.10, E.sub.12 =0, E.sub.11 &gt;E.sub.12 
The outline is offset to the right side of the center. 
In the case of FIG. 4, 
E.sub.11 =0, E.sub.12 =0.90, E.sub.11 &lt;E.sub.12 
The outline is offset to the left side of the center. 
In the case of FIG. 5, 
E.sub.11 =0.30, E.sub.12 =0.30, E.sub.11 =E.sub.12 
The outline passes through the center. 
In the cases of FIGS. 6 and 7, the offset directions of the outline are 
determined in a similar manner. 
Other cases are treated in a similar manner as when E.sub.1 is maximum or 
E.sub.3 is minimum, using the following sets of formulae: 
When E.sub.2 is maximum or E.sub.4 is minimum: 
EQU E.sub.21 =.vertline.(S.sub.3 +S.sub.4)-(S.sub.2 +S.sub.5).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.22 =.vertline.(S.sub.7 +S.sub.8)-(S.sub.6 +S.sub.1).vertline. 
When E.sub.3 is maximum or E.sub.1 is minimum: 
EQU E.sub.31 =.vertline.(S.sub.4 +S.sub.5)-(S.sub.3 +S.sub.6).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.32 =.vertline.(S.sub.8 +S.sub.1)-(S.sub.7 +S.sub.2).vertline. 
When E.sub.4 is maximum of E.sub.2 is minimum: 
EQU E.sub.41 =.vertline.(S.sub.5 +S.sub.6)-(S.sub.4 +S.sub.7).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.42 =.vertline.(S.sub.1 +S.sub.2)-(S.sub.8 +S.sub.3).vertline. 
Although in the above description it is supposed that the dark portions are 
completely opaque, such a condition is not always required. However, there 
must be a sufficient intensity contrast so as to be distinguishable 
between both sides of the outline projected, and thus the theory described 
above is realized, thereby enabling the determination of the orientation 
and the offset direction of the outline. 
In FIG. 8 is shown a orientation determining circuit for determining the 
orientation of the outline of the object from the output signals of the 
detecting elements, which comprises eight addition circuits 281, 282, 283, 
284, 285, 286, 287 and 288, eight differential amplifiers 291, 292, 293, 
294, 295, 296, 297 and 298, eight diodes 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 
307, and 308, and a maximum value determining circuit (or minimum value 
determining circuit) 32, which is hereinafter referred to as an M.V.D. 
circuit. 
The output signals S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3 and S.sub.4 are input to the 
addition circuit 281 and are added there. The output signal of the 
addition circuit 281 is sent to the positive of the differential amplifier 
291 and the negative of the differential amplifier 292. The output signals 
S.sub.5, S.sub.6, S.sub.7 and S.sub.8 are put into the addition circuit 
282 and are added there. The output signal of the addition circuit 282 is 
sent to the negative of the differential amplifier 291 and the positive of 
the differential amplifier 292. 
The output signals of the differential amplifiers 291 and 292 pass through 
the diodes 301 and 302 and then meet together at the output line 311. 
When the output signal of the addition circuit 281 is larger than that of 
the addition circuit 282, the output signal passes through the diode 301. 
On the other hand the output signal of the addition circuit 282 is larger 
than that of the addition circuit 281, the output signal passes through 
the diode 302. The difference value signal E.sub.1 is obtained on the 
output line 311 based on the following formula: 
EQU E.sub.1 =.vertline.(S.sub.1 +S.sub.2 +S.sub.3 +S.sub.4)-(S.sub.5 +S.sub.6 
+S.sub.7 +S.sub.8).vertline. 
Regarding the other addition circuits 283-288, differential amplifiers 
293-298 and diodes 303-308, the difference value signals E.sub.2, E.sub.3 
and E.sub.4 are obtained on the output lines 312, 313 and 314, 
respectively, as shown in FIG. 8. 
The difference value signals E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 and E.sub.4 are sent 
to the M.V.D. circuit 32, which determines which difference value signal 
E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 or E.sub.4 has the maximum value (or the minimum 
value). 
One example of the M.V.D. circuit 32 is shown in FIG. 9, and comprises four 
combinations each of three differential amplifiers; 321a, 321b and 321c; 
322a, 322b and 322c; 323a, 323b and 323c; and 324a, 324b and 324c; four 
combinations each of the three diodes: 321d, 321e and 321f; 322d, 322e and 
322f; 323d, 323e and 323f; and 324d, 324e and 324f; and four gate circuits 
r.sub.1, r.sub.2, r.sub.3 and r.sub.4. 
One difference value signal such as E.sub.1 is sent to the positive inputs 
of one combination of differential amplifiers such as 321a, 321b and 321c 
and the other difference value signals such as E.sub.2, E.sub.3 and 
E.sub.4 are sent to the negative inputs of each of the differential 
amplifiers such as 321a, 321b and 321c. 
The output signals from the combination of differential amplifiers such as 
321a, 321b and 321c are passed through the combination of diodes such as 
321d, 321e and 321f and then sent to the gate circuit such as r.sub.1. 
When the difference value signals E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 and E.sub.4 are 
sent to the M.V.D. circuit 32, the gate circuit r.sub.1, r.sub.2, r.sub.3 
or r.sub.4 which corresponds to the maximum difference value signal closes 
and outputs a signal, thereby determining which difference value signal is 
the maximum. 
The determination described above may be also performed by selecting the 
minimum difference value of the output signals by inserting subtraction 
circuits before the first stage of FIG. 9 to subtract each of the signal 
values E.sub.1 to E.sub.4 from a constant value. 
In FIG. 10, there is shown a control circuit which detects the offset 
direction of the outline of the object from the output signals S.sub.1 to 
S.sub.8 and outputs control signals for driving the motors 9 and 14 in 
order to adjust the outline to the central point of the optical head 12. 
The control circuit comprises four comparator circuits 331, 332, 333 and 
334, each of which acts corresponding to one of the difference value 
signals having the maximum (or minimum) value of E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 
or E.sub.4, determined by the orientation determining circuit of FIG. 8. 
The comparator circuit 331 which acts when E.sub.1 is maximum or E.sub.3 
is minimum, comprises four addition circuits 351, 352, 353 and 354, four 
differential amplifiers 361, 362, 363 and 364, four diodes 371, 372, 373 
and 374, and a M.V.D. circuit 39. 
The output signals S.sub.2 and S.sub.3 are input to the addition circuits 
351 and are added there. The output signal from the addition circuit 351 
is sent to the positive of the differential amplifier 361 and the negative 
of the differential amplifier 362. 
The output signals S.sub.1 and S.sub.4 are input to the addition circuit 
351 and are added there. The output signal from the addition circuit 352 
is fed to the negative of the differential amplifier 361 and the positive 
of the differential amplifier 362. 
The output signals from the differential amplifiers 361 and 362 are passed 
through the diodes 371 and 373, and then meet at the output line 381. The 
difference value signal E.sub.11 is obtained on the output line 381, based 
on the following formula: 
EQU E.sub.11 =.vertline.(S.sub.2 +S.sub.3)-(S.sub.1 +S.sub.4).vertline. 
The two pairs of output signals S.sub.6 and S.sub.7, and S.sub.5 and 
S.sub.8 are fed to the addition circuits 353 and 354 in the same manner, 
as described above, are passed through the differential amplifiers 363 and 
364 and the diodes 373 and 374, and then the difference value signal 
E.sub.12 is obtained on the output line 382, based on the following 
formula: 
EQU E.sub.12 =.vertline.(S.sub.6 +S.sub.7)-(S.sub.5 +S.sub.8).vertline. 
The difference value signals E.sub.11 and E.sub.12 are sent to the M.V.D. 
circuit 39 which determines which difference value signal is maximum. 
One embodiment of the M.V.D. circuit 39 is shown in FIG. 11, and comprises 
a pair of differential amplifiers 391 and 392 and a pair of diodes 393 and 
394. The difference value signal E.sub.11 is fed to the positive input of 
the differential amplifier 391 and the negative input of the differential 
amplifier 392. 
The difference value signal E.sub.12 is sent to the negative input of the 
differential amplifier 391 and the positive input of the differential 
amplifier 392. The output signals of the differential amplifiers 391 and 
392 are passed through the diodes 393 and 394. When the signal E.sub.11 is 
larger than the signal E.sub.12, the output through the diode 393 is 
obtained. When the signal E.sub.11 is smaller than the signal E.sub.12, 
the output through the diode 394 is obtained. 
The comparator circuits 332, 333 and 334 which act when E.sub.2 is maximum 
or E.sub.4 is minimum, when E.sub.3 is maximum or E.sub.1 is minimum, and 
when E.sub.4 is maximum or E.sub.2 is minimum, respectively, have 
corresponding constructions and functions corresponding to the comparator 
circuit 331 described above. 
The offset direction of the outline is determined by the control circuit of 
FIG. 10, as described above. If the outline is offset from the center of 
the detecting elements, one of the eight diodes 393, 394, . . . (only two 
diodes are shown) of the M.V.D. circuit 39 of FIG. 11 corresponding to the 
offset direction, outputs a signal for controlling the motors 9 and 14 so 
that the outline may be moved towards the center of the detecting 
elements. 
For example, as in the case shown FIGS. 3 and 6, in which the orientation 
of the outline is substantially parallel to the Y-axis and the outline is 
offset to the right from the center of the detecting elements, the motor 9 
which moves the upper frame 4 in the Y-axis direction, i.e. frontwards (F) 
and backwards (B), is stopped (S), and the motor 14 which moves the lower 
frame 5 in the X-axis direction, i.e. to the right (R) and to the left 
(L), is driven to move the original picture 1 in the X-axis direction in 
order to adjust the outline to the center of the detecting elements. 
In this case, the outline projected upsidedown through the lens 26 moves to 
the reverse direction with respect to the original picture 1. 
Consequently, when the outline must be moved leftwards, as in the case of 
FIG. 3, the motor is controlled so that the lower frame 5 is moved 
rightwards. 
Although the present invention has been described in detail in terms of one 
preferred embodiment thereof illustrated in FIG. 1, which is given by way 
of illustration only and thus is not limitative of the present invention, 
various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the 
present invention. 
For example, in the machine shown in FIG. 1, the optical head 21 and the 
processing head 22 are fixed, while the original picture 1 and the masking 
material 2 laid on the transparent plate 3 are moved by moving the 
transparent plate 3. However, the optical head and the processing head may 
be moved, while the original picture and the masking material are fixed. 
In this case, the two heads should be adapted to be moved together while 
maintaining a fixed relative position, by a parallel or inline transfer 
mechanism, and the projector should be always positioned directly under 
the optical head. In such a machine, the original picture and the masking 
material are moved only when the outline of the object is to be adjusted 
to the center of the optical head by using the control signals from the 
optical head. Accordingly, the upper and lower drive frames 10 and 16 of 
the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are not necessary in this embodiment, and 
thus its construction can be simplified. 
The operation for making a cutting mask by moving the two relatively light 
heads is more easily accomplished than in the machine of FIG. 1, in which 
the four frames 4, 5, 10 and 16 are moved by the handle 15. 
Further, in this machine the heads are moved in the direction of tracing 
the outline, and thus this is much more convenient than the machine of 
FIG. 1, wherein the outline is moved relative to the heads in the reverse 
direction to that traced. 
In FIGS. 12 and 13 is shown another picture outline tracing and recording 
machine according to the present invention. 
In this case, as shown in FIG. 12, an inline transfer mechanism is used, 
comprising a center axial shaft 40, a first arm 41 which is rotatable 
around the center axial shaft 40, a pivot shaft 42, a second arm 43, and 
an end pivot shaft 44 disposed at the end of the second arm 43, the first 
and second arms being pivotable around the pivot shaft 42. The center 
axial shaft 40, the pivot shaft 42, and the end pivot shaft 44 are 
provided with pulleys having the same diameter, and mon-extensible belts 
or wires are suspended therebetween in order that the pulley disposed on 
the end pivot shaft 44 is moved to maintain a constant angular 
orientation. 
In this embodiment, the second arm 43 comprises an upper second arm 43 and 
a lower second arm 45 which is positioned just under the upper second arm 
43 and connected integrally with it. The pulley is disposed on the upper 
second arm 43. 
An optical head 46 is mounted to the pulley disposed to the end pivot shaft 
44 and is thus pivoted with the pulley with respect to the upper second 
arm 43. The optical head 46 may be the same one as used in the machine of 
FIG. 1. A processing head 47 which is the same as used in the machine of 
FIG. 1, is mounted to the lower surface of the lower second arm 45. 
A picture frame 48 is arranged between the upper and the lower second arms 
43 and 45, and a masking material frame 49 is arranged below the lower 
second arm 45. The picture frame 48 and the masking material frame 49 are 
parallel, and are adapted to be moved simultaneously by the same distance 
in the same direction by drive means similar to the motors 9 and 14 shown 
in FIG. 1. 
A projector 50 comprising a light spot projecting system which comprises a 
light source 51, condensing lens and a reflecting mirror, and an 
illumination means which comprises an illumination plate 54 and light 
sources 55, is mounted to the upper surface of the lower second arm 45. 
The light spot projecting system projects a light spot onto the original 
picture attached to the picture frame 48, and the light from the light 
spot is incident on the optical head 46. The illumination means 
illuminates the surroundings of the light spot of the picture in order to 
observe easily the outline of the picture. 
In this embodiment, the light axis of the optical head 46 and the projector 
50 and the heated needle of the processing head 47 are on a vertical axis. 
Thus, the locus of the light spot on the picture is the same as that of 
the hot needle on the masking material, and hence a reproduction having 
the same outline as the picture is obtained on the masking material by 
tracing the outline of the picture by means of the optical head 46. 
In this operation, an offset of the outline from the center of the optical 
head 46, is detected by the detecting elements of the optical head 46 and 
is corrected in the same manner described above for the machine of FIG. 1. 
As regards the detecting elements, in the embodiments described above eight 
elements are radially arranged, but the number of elements is not 
restricted to eight. 
For instance, in FIG. 14 there are shown six photo-electric detecting 
elements 27a.sub.1, 27a.sub.2, 27a.sub.3, 27a.sub.4, 27a.sub.5 and 
27a.sub.6 which produce outputs S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3, S.sub.4, 
S.sub.5 and S.sub.6. 
The orientation of the outline in this case may be determined by the 
following formulae of the difference value signals E.sub.1, E.sub.2 and 
E.sub.3 in a similar manner to that described above. 
EQU E.sub.1 =.vertline.(S.sub.1 +S.sub.2 +S.sub.3)-(S.sub.4 +S.sub.5 
+S.sub.6).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.2 =.vertline.(S.sub.2 +S.sub.3 +S.sub.4)-(S.sub.5 +S.sub.6 
+S.sub.1).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.3 +.vertline.(S.sub.3 +S.sub.4 +S.sub.5)-(S.sub.6 +S.sub.1 
+S.sub.2).vertline. 
The offset sirection of the outline from the center of the optical head is 
determined by the following formalae of the difference value signals 
E.sub.11 and E.sub.12, E.sub.21 and E.sub.22, and E.sub.31 and E.sub.32 in 
a similar manner to that described above. 
When E.sub.1 is maximum, 
EQU E.sub.11 =.vertline.(S.sub.1 +S.sub.3)-2S.sub.2 .vertline. 
EQU E.sub.12 =.vertline.(S.sub.4 +S.sub.6)-2S.sub.5 .vertline. 
When E.sub.2 is maximum, 
EQU E.sub.21 =.vertline.(S.sub.2 +S.sub.4)-2S.sub.3 .vertline. 
EQU E.sub.22 =.vertline.(S.sub.5 +S.sub.1)-2S.sub.6 .vertline. 
When E.sub.3 is Maximum, 
EQU E.sub.31 =.vertline.(S.sub.3 +S.sub.5)-2S.sub.4 .vertline. 
EQU E.sub.32 =.vertline.(S.sub.6 +S.sub.2)-2S.sub.1 .vertline. 
The number of the detecting elements may be, of course, any even number 
such as ten, twelve, and so forth. 
Further, the number of the detecting elements may be also an odd number. 
For example, in FIG. 15 are shown seven elements 27b.sub.1, 27b.sub.2, 
27b.sub.3, 27b.sub.4, 27b.sub.5, 27b.sub.6 and 27b.sub.7 which produce 
outputs S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3, S.sub.4, S.sub.5, S.sub.6 and S.sub.7, 
respectively. 
The orientation of the outline is determined by the following formulae of 
the difference value signals E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3 and E.sub.4 in the 
same manner as described above. 
EQU E.sub.1 =.vertline.(S.sub.1 +S.sub.2 +S.sub.3 +S.sub.4)-(S.sub.4 +S.sub.5 
+S.sub.6 +S.sub.7).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.2 =.vertline.(S.sub.2 +S.sub.3 +S.sub.4 +S.sub.5)-(S.sub.5 +S.sub.6 
+S.sub.7 +S.sub.1).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.3 =.vertline.(S.sub.3 +S.sub.4 +S.sub.5 +S.sub.6)-(S.sub.6 +S.sub.7 
+S.sub.1 +S.sub.2).vertline. 
EQU E.sub.4 =.vertline.(S.sub.4 +S.sub.5 +S.sub.6 .degree.S.sub.7)-(S.sub.7 
+S.sub.1 +S.sub.2 +S.sub.3).vertline. 
The offset direction of the outline from the standard point of the optical 
head is determined in the same manner as for eight detecting elements. 
The detecting elements described above are constituted by the sector-shaped 
elements, resulting in a complete disc shape. However, it is difficult in 
practice to obtain a complete disc shape of the detecting elements. 
Detecting elements 27c.sub.1, 27c.sub.2, 27c.sub.3, 27c.sub.4, 27c.sub.5, 
27c.sub.6, 27c.sub.7 and 27c.sub.8, shown in FIG. 16 are arranged 
radially, but separated from one another by a space of a certain width. 
In this case, it is possible to determine the orientation and the offset 
direction of the outline, but accuracy of the adjustment is lowered. If 
the outline is projected to the detecting elements on an enlarged scale, 
the adjustment degree of the outline to the center of the light spot on 
the picture surface is a function of the width of the border space divided 
by the projecting magnification. 
If it is less than an acceptable value required of the cutting mask itself, 
such detecting elements can be satisfactorily practicable. 
As shown in FIG. 17, triangular detecting elements 27d.sub.1, 27d.sub.2, 
27d.sub.3, 27d.sub.4, 27d.sub.5, 27d.sub.6, 27d.sub.7 and 27d.sub.8 may be 
also used. 
If the acceptable value required of the cutting mask is large enough, as 
shown in FIG. 18 circular elements 27e.sub.1, 27e.sub.2, 27e.sub.3, 
27e.sub.4, 27e.sub.5, 27e.sub.6, 27e.sub.7 and 27e.sub.8 may be arranged 
on the circumference of a circle. 
On the other hand, if the acceptable value required of the cutting mask is 
small, as shown in FIG. 19, detecting elements 27f.sub.1, 27f.sub.2, 
27f.sub.3, 27f.sub.4, 27f.sub.5, 27f.sub.6, 27f.sub.7 and 27f.sub.8 having 
crooked edges so that the outline may be always projected, at least 
partly, to the photo-electric detecting elements, may be used. 
Furthermore, optical fibers may be utilized for receiving the projected 
light and transferring it to the detecting elements. In FIG. 20, there is 
shown a bundle of optical fibers 56 having a light entrance end 57 and a 
plurality of light exit ends divided, each exit end facing a 
photo-electric elements 58. 
Although the original picture has been described above as a transparent 
film such as photographic film, however, an opaque original picture may 
also be used. In this case, the projector is provided to the optical head 
and projects the light spot to the original picture and the light from the 
light spot is incident on the optical head.