Cutting tool

A cutting tool is provided with cutting elements being arranged in continuously recurrent groups comprising three or four cutting elements. These cutting elements are arranged in different distances (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) to each other which distances shall be within certain determined limits.

This invention relates to a cutting tool for vibration-free and silent 
machining of wood and metals. 
When machining wood and metals, two types of vibrations appear, both of 
which are undesirable. One type of vibrations is flexural oscillations in 
the tool perpendicular to the plane of the tool leading to strong noise in 
the tool having a frequency that corresponds to the natural frequency of 
the tool. The characteristic features of this type of vibrations are that 
the frequency acquires one of a number of fixed values, that the amplitude 
of vibration and the sound level vary very much when changing the number 
of revolutions and being small for a low number of revolutions, and that 
the vibrations are the most pronounced when sawing thin materials. In 
order to at least partially reduce this type of vibrations it has been 
suggested to use cutting tools made of sound damping material, or cutting 
tools having irregular distances between the cutting elements, wherein all 
distances being different or the distances being different within a 
recurrent group comprising at least five cutting elements. 
A quite different type of vibrations are those in the plane of the cutting 
tool arising in consequence of the change of the feeding force, when the 
cutting elements enter or leave the cut. The characteristic features of 
this type of vibrations are that the bottom of the cut is corrugated with 
a characteristic wavelength, that the vibrations have one and the same 
amplitude already at the lowest number of revolutions and thus with an 
audible sound frequency which continuously grows with the number of 
revolutions, and that the vibrations are the most pronounced when 
machining material which is much thicker than the distances between the 
cutting elements. In order to reduce this latter type of vibrations it has 
been suggested that the distances between the cutting elements within a 
recurrent group vary according to certain rules, for instance as 
arithmetical or geometric series (Norwegian patent No. 45 267) or at least 
two equal distances followed in turn by a greater distance, at least two 
equal distances being different from the two former equal distances and a 
greater distance (Swedish patent No. 175 755). 
None of the cutting tools mentioned above as prior art can satisfy the high 
demands that are made in the work shops today as to low sound level when 
machining wood and metal. 
This invention relates to a cutting tool, which preferably works only in 
one direction. However, the invention is not limited to that but covers 
also cutting tools working in both directions. The cutting elements are 
arranged in continuously recurrent groups comprising three or four cutting 
elements, these cutting elements being arranged at different distances 
from each other which distances shall be thoroughly defined. Due to this 
arrangement a great reduction of the vibrations are achieved, which means 
a very low sound level.

In FIG. 1 there is shown the first embodiment of the saw blade with the 
teeth divided into continuously recurrent groups and with three teeth in 
each group. The distances between the teeth in each group are the 
following in percent of the period length L.sub.1, which is defined as the 
distance between one tooth in one group and corresponding tooth in the 
next group: between the first and the second tooth 25.5%, between the 
second and the third tooth 31% and between the third tooth and the first 
tooth in the next group 43.5%. 
The second embodiment of the saw blade is essentially the same as the first 
described but has different distances between the teeth. The distances in 
one group in percent of the period length are the following: between the 
first and the second tooth 20%, between the second and the third tooth 33% 
and between the third tooth and the first tooth in the next group 47%. 
In the two described sawblades the mutual order between the teeth in a 
group is arbitrary. On the other hand the same consequtive order shall be 
valid within all tooth groups. 
In FIG. 2 there is shown a third embodiment of the saw blade which is a 
circular saw blade and provided with four teeth in each group. The 
distances between the teeth in one group in percent of the period length 
L.sub.2 are the following: between the first and the second tooth 20%, 
between the second and the third 25%, between the third and fourth 20% and 
between the fourth and the first tooth in the next group 35%. 
For all three embodiments the greatest allowed deviation for the declared 
distance-values is .+-.3%. 
In a tool having the above-mentioned distances between the cutting elements 
sound level, tool wear and corrugation of the cut surfaces are minimized. 
Moreover, due to the small number of cutting elements in the recurrent 
group the cutting tools are relatively simple and inexpensive to resharpen 
in automatic machines. 
The invention idea can be applicated on all types of saws for machining 
wood, wood-based materials and metals, for instance hand saws, band saws, 
frame saws, yoke saws and circular saws but is not limited to such tools. 
Thus, the invention idea can also be applicated on milling cutters for 
machining both wood and metals.