Refrigerator cooling and freezing system

A refrigerator in which a refrigerator evaporator and first freezer evaporator are serially connected to a condenser and compressor. A first bypass path is defined in parallel with the refrigerator evaporator for supplying refrigerant only to the first freezer evaporator and a second bypass path including a second freezer evaporator likewise defined in parallel with the refrigerator evaporator for quickly reducing the freezer temperature. A differential pressure regulator valve is connected between the condenser and the refrigerator evaporator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to a refrigerator with a freezer compartment 
evaporator and a refrigerator compartment evaporator, the former 
consisting of a first evaporator and a second evaporator. 
The object of this invention is to provide a refrigerator refrigeration 
cycle in which, in addition to adequate cooling of the freezer compartment 
and the refrigerator compartment, more assured and concentrated defrosting 
can be achieved in the freezer compartment in particular, and rapid 
freezing can be effected as required. 
In a direct cooling type refrigerator using the inner space of a box-like 
cooler for a freezing chamber, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,270,364, 4,294,081, each 
show a freezing refrigerator with automatic defrost. These refrigerators, 
however, cannot quickly freeze foods, particularly when large quantities 
of foods are placed in the freezer. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In the present invention a first evaporator and a second evaporator 
providing a low cooling temperature than the first are mounted in the 
freezer compartment. Refrigerant is circulated from a compressor through a 
condenser, capillary tube, refrigerator compartment evaporator, second 
freezer compartment evaporator and compressor, in that order. A first 
bypass path is provided in parallel with the refrigerator compartment 
evaporator and connected to the second freezer compartment evaporator. A 
second bypass path is provided, also connected to the above-mentioned 
second freezer compartment evaporator, but in this case via the 
above-mentioned first freezer compartment evaporator. A path selection 
device is provided for these first and second bypass paths and the 
abovementioned refrigerator compartment evaporator path, whereby the 
refrigerant can be caused to flow through the refrigerator evaporator, the 
first bypass path or the second bypass path.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
An explanation follows of an embodiment of the invention referring to the 
drawings. 
In FIG. 1, a cabinet 1 of a refrigerator has a freezer compartment 2 in its 
upper section, a refrigerator compartment 3 in its center section, and a 
vegetable storage compartment 4 in its lower section, these compartments 
having doors 5, 6 and 7 respectively. A first evaporator 8 is provided on 
the floor of the freezer compartment 2, and a second evaporator 9 on the 
roof and rear wall of the freezer compartment 2. 
An evaporator 10 is provided also at the rear part of the top of the 
refrigerator compartment 3, and a fresh food container 11 for storing meat 
and fish is provided below the refrigerator compartment evaporator 10. 
A vegetable container 12 is installed in the vegetable storage compartment 
4 and a compressor 13 (in particular, a rotary compressor) is installed in 
the machinery compartment 14 of cabinet 1. 
Referring to FIG. 2, the circulation system is constituted by the outlet 
13a of the compressor 13 being connected to the inlet 13b, basically via a 
condenser 15, a capillary tube 16, the refrigerator compartment evaporator 
10, and the second freezer compartment evaporator 9, in that order. 
A first bypass path 17 is provided in parallel with the path including the 
refrigerator compartment evaporator 10 and is connected to the 
above-mentioned second freezer compartment evaporator 9. A second bypass 
path 18 is connected to the above-mentioned second evaporator 9, but in 
this case by way of the above-mentioned first evaporator 8. A path 
selection device 19 is provided for these bypass paths 17 and 18 and the 
above-mentioned refrigerator compartment evaporator 10 path, whereby the 
refrigerant can be caused to flow through any of these paths. 
The path selection device 19 in this embodiment is connected to a capillary 
tube 16 connected to the inlet 20a of the solenoid valve 20. Outlet 20b of 
solenoid valve 20 remains open even when the valve is shut and is 
connected, via a first auxiliary capillary tube 22, to the above-mentioned 
refrigerator compartment evaporator 10. The other outlet 20c is connected, 
via a second auxiliary capillary tube 23, to the inlet 21a of the air-lift 
pump 21. 
As shown in detail in FIG. 3, the air-lift pump 21 consists of a liquid 
collector 24, an inlet pipe 25 of which the inflow end is the 
above-mentioned inlet 21a and the outflow end extends into the liquid 
collector 24 from above, an outlet pipe 26 of which the outflow end is the 
outlet 26b and the inflow end extends into the liquid collector 24, lower 
than the outflow end of the above-mentioned inlet pipe 25, a transfer pipe 
27 leading from the bottom of the liquid collector 24, bending upwards in 
a U-turn and with its out-flow end then bending again in the shape of an 
inverted U to enter the liquid collector 24, another outlet pipe 28, which 
passes through the liquid collector 24, with the outflow end of the 
transfer pipe 27 connecting with it, for example by opening into it inside 
the liquid collector 24, while its own outflow end projects outside the 
liquid collector 24, thus constituting the other outlet 21a, and a heater 
29 mounted in the middle of the transfer pipe 27, in particular at a 
reducing joint, as shown in FIG. 4. 
One outlet, 21b, of pump 21 is connected to the first bypass path 17, with 
a third auxiliary capillary tube 30 connected between it and the first 
bypass path 17. The other outlet 21c is connected to the second bypass 
path 18, with a fourth auxiliary capillary tube 31 inserted before the 
first evaporator 8. 
FIG. 5 shows the detailed construction of the differential pressure 
regulating valve 32 which is connected between the condenser 15 and the 
capillary tube 16. 
The main features of this differential pressure regulating valve 32 are a 
valve body 33, a valve 35, consisting of a ball which opens and closes the 
port 34 between the inlet 32a on the side of one end of the valve body 33 
and the outlet 32b at the end of the valve body 33, a bellows 36 at the 
other end of the valve body 33, liquid and air-sealed which exerts a 
closing force on this valve 35, and a connecting pipe 37 (connecting port) 
extending within the bellows 36 towards the valve 35. 
Referring again to FIG. 2 inlet 32a is connected to the condenser 15 via a 
dryer 38. The outlet 32b is connected to the capillary tube 16 and the 
connecting pipe 37 (connecting port) is connected to a suction pipe 39, 
which is in the return path to the inlet 13b of the compressor 13. At a 
part of the suction pipe 39 upstream of the junction with the connecting 
pipe 37, a non-return valve 43 is installed. Valve 43 contains as shown in 
FIG. 6 a valve seat 40 and a valve plunger 42, the latter having a taper 
facing the normal flow of the refrigerator (indicated by the arrow 41). 
In the structure described above, the resistance ratio of the third 
auxiliary capillary tube 30 and the fourth auxiliary capillary tube 31 is 
fixed at above 1:55. A thermosyphon 44 in FIG. 2 is connected to the 
compressor 13 for heat dissipation. 
An explanation follows of the cycle. First the refrigerator which is 
normally inside the compressor 13 and is drawn into it through the inlet 
13b is compressed inside the compressor 13, after which it emerges from 
the outlet 13a and proceeds to the condenser 15, where it is condensed. 
This condensed refrigerant then goes by way of the dryer 38 to the 
differential pressure regulating valve 32. 
The interior of the bellows 36 of the differential pressure regulating 
valve 32 is at a lower pressure, being evacuated by the compressor 13 
along the connecting pipe 37. Thus, the valve 35 together with the bellows 
36 is pressurized by the condensed refrigerant so that the valve port 34 
is opened, and the condensed refrigerant passes, by way of capillary tube 
16 and the inlet 20a of the solenoid valve 20 (which is shut), and then 
via the outlet 20b and the first auxiliary capillary tube 22, to the 
refrigerator compartment evaporator 10, where part of it evaporates, 
cooling the inside of the refrigerator compartment 3. The remaining 
refrigerant then goes to the second evaporator 9, where it evaporates, 
cooling the freezer compartment 2. 
The evaporated refrigerant then impinges on the non-return valve 43, in 
particular on the valve plunger 42, in the forward direction, causing it 
to open, and so returns by way of the inlet 13b to the compressor 13, 
where it is compressed once again and discharged from the outlet 13a to 
the condenser 15 to repeat the process. 
When as a result of this process the refrigerator compartment 3 reaches the 
required temperature of the refrigerator compartment, a control circuit 
(not shown) operates, passing current to the solenoid valve 20 and causing 
it to open. 
Because of the relative resistances of the first auxiliary capillary tube 
22 and the second auxiliary capillary tube 23, the refrigerator from 
capillary tube 16 enters the inlet 20a of the solenoid valve 20 and 
emerges from the second outlet 20c, after which it passes along the second 
auxiliary capillary tube 23 to enter the air-lift pump 21 by the inlet 
21a. 
The refrigerator which has entered the air-lift pump 21 by the inlet 21a in 
this way accumulates in the liquid collector 24, raising the level of the 
liquid until in due course it reaches the tip of the outlet pipe 26, after 
which it passes through the outlet pipe 26 to emerge from the outlet 21b, 
passes through the third auxiliary capillary tube 30 and then goes along 
the first bypass path 17, bypassing the refrigerator compartment 
evaporator 10. 
At this stage the air-lift pump is in a non-operational state, with the 
heater 29 not activated. Further, partly because the resistance ratio of 
the third auxiliary capillary tube 30 and the fourth auxiliary capillary 
tube 31 is greater than 1:55, as mentioned earlier, there is no 
possibility of the refrigerant entering the second bypass path 18. In this 
case, therefore, the refrigerant cools the freezer compartment 2 by 
evaporating only in the second evaporator 9. 
In due course, by this means, the freezer compartment 2 is also cooled to 
the required temperature. When this very low temperature is reached, the 
freezer compartment thermostat (not illustrated) which is designed to 
respond to the temperature in the freezer compartment, operates, cutting 
off the flow of current to the drive motor of the compressor 13, and thus 
stopping the compressor 13. When the compressor 13 is stopped refrigerator 
flows in the reverse direction through the compressor 13, which is a 
rotary compressor, but any substantial reverse flow is prevented by the 
non-return valve 43, which shuts as it receives the flow, the valve 
plunger 42 being brought into close contact with the valve seat 40. 
As a result of this reverse flow, pressure inside the bellows 36 of the 
differential pressure regulating valve 32 increases until it equals the 
pressure in the valve body 33 and hence on the condenser outlet 13a. As 
this equilibrium is reached, the valve port 34 of the valve 35 is closed 
by the natural springiness of the bellow 36. Thus high temperature 
refrigerant is kept to the following path: outlet 13a of compressor 
13--condenser 15--dryer 38--differential pressure regulating valve 32, and 
the inlet 13b of compressor 13. Refrigerant is prevented, therefore, from 
flowing to the refrigerator compartment evaporators 8 and 9, which 
prevents any abnormally high temperature in freezer compartment 2. 
When, subsequently, temperatures rise in the freezer compartment 2 and the 
refrigerator compartment 3, the respective thermostats will revert to 
their unoperated state, and the mode of operation already described will 
restart and repeat itself. 
When rapid freezing is demanded by operating the rapid freeze switch (not 
illustrated), the solenoid valve 20 opens as current is passed through it, 
and the heater 29 of the air-lift pump 21 is also energized. The liquid 
refrigerator, which has entered the liquid collector 24 from the inlet 20a 
of the solenoid valve via the outlet 20c and the second auxiliary 
capillary tube 23 and has accumulated in the transfer pipe 27, is heated 
by the heater 29 until it boils, producing bubbles. The surface of the 
liquid refrigerant is gradually raised as these bubbles rise through it, 
so that it is made to pass through the inverted U-shaped outflow end of 
the transfer pipe 27 and drip steadily into the outlet pipe 28. 
After dripping in this way, the liquid refrigerator then flows, via the 
fourth auxiliary capillary tube 31, to the freezer compartment evaporator 
8, i.e. to the second bypass path, and thereafter to the second evaporator 
9. 
Having thus flowed to the two freezer compartment evaporators 8 and 9, the 
liquid refrigerant evaporates in both, thus powerfully and rapidly cooling 
the freezer compartment 2. In this case, the second evaporator 9 is 
designed to produce a cooling temperature which is at least 5.degree. C. 
lower than that of the first evaporator 8; and the abovementioned rapid 
freeze switch can be e.g. a time switch, so that when the time set has 
elapsed, the previous mode of operation is resumed, rapid freezing being 
halted and normal cooling being resumed. In this case, when the 
temperature of the freezer compartment 2 fails to fall to the required 
level because, for example, an abnormally large quantity of articles have 
been stored in it, an appropriate control device, e.g. a microcomputer, 
can detect this via the freezer compartment thermostat mentioned earlier, 
and, on the basis of this detection, pass current to the solenoid valve 20 
and the heater 29 in the air-lift pump 21, so that a mode of operation 
essentially the same as the rapid freezing described above--a mode of 
operation guaranteeing, so to speak, the temperature of the freezer 
compartment--is initiated. The freezer compartment 2 is thus powerfully 
cooled by the refrigerator being caused to flow to the first and second 
freezer compartment evaporators and to evaporate in both, thus lowering 
the temperature rapidly to the required level. 
In this case also, needless to say, once the freezer compartment 2 has 
reached the required temperature, operation reverts to the previous mode, 
with normal cooling being resumed. 
In this embodiment, the refrigerator compartment 3 and the freezer 
compartment 2 can both be adequately cooled by circulating the refrigerant 
normally through the refrigerator compartment evaporator 10 and the second 
evaporator 9, and also by circulating it via the first bypass path 17 
through the second evaporator 9 only. 
In the case of rapid freezing, powerful and rapid cooling of the freezer 
compartment 2 can be achieved by circulating, via the second bypass path 
18, through the first and second evaporators 8 and 9. 
In the case also of the temperature of the freezer compartment 2 failing to 
fall to the required temperature, the freezer compartment 2 can be rapidly 
cooled likewise by circulating via the second bypass path 18 through the 
first and second evaporators 8 and 9. 
With regard to the freezer compartment, normally the refrigerator is 
circulated only through the second evaporator 9, but even when, as in the 
case of rapid freezing and in that of "guaranteed temperature" operation, 
the refrigerator is circulated through both the first and second 
evaporators 8 and 9, concentrated and more assured freezing can be 
effected since the second evaporator 9 produces a lower cooling 
temperature than the first evaporator 8. This means that defrosting, by 
which the frost that has adhered is removed by means of heat generated by 
a defrosting heater (not illustrated, need be effected on the second 
evaporator 9 only, without the necessity for any defrosting of the first 
evaporator 8, which does away also with the need to take out the articles 
stored above the first evaporator 8 during defrosting. 
Automatic defrosting can therefore be effected as desired, by e.g. an 
integrating timer operating synchronously with the action of the 
compressor 13. 
Furthermore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment described 
above and illustrated by the drawings. 
In regard in particular to the concrete and detailed construction of its 
various parts, variations can be introduced as appropriate, provided there 
is no departure from the essentials of the invention. 
As will be clear from the above description, this invention provides a 
refrigerator with a refrigeration cycle of outstanding effectiveness, 
whereby not merely can the refrigerator and freezer compartments be 
adequately cooled, but modes of operation are also possible by which the 
freezer compartment can be cooled rapidly and its temperature guaranteed, 
concentrated and more assured operation of the second freezer compartment 
evaporator only can be effected in each of these cases, and defrosting of 
the frost that has adhered can be effected without difficulty.