Indicators for determining the proton concentration of strongly alkaline aqueous solutions

The invention relates to indicators for determine the proton concentration of strongly alkaline aqueous solutions which contain compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which ##STR2##

This application is a 371 of PCT/EP94/03156 filed Sep. 21, 1994. 
The invention relates to indicators for determining the proton 
concentration of strongly alkaline aqueous solutions. 
The usual pH range used daily in the laboratory or even in the world around 
us is from pH 0 to pH 14. The usual pH papers, pH indicator sticks and pH 
meters are also tailored to this; they only measure in this range. In many 
cases, however, it is of interest to be able to determine by means of a 
simple indicator whether a solution present is a 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 9- or 
11-normal alkali solution. To date, this cannot even be accomplished by a 
pH meter. On the contrary, a comparatively difficult titration with an 
acid solution must be carried out in order to determine the content. 
The invention is based on the object of making available indicators with 
which the determination of proton concentrations in the strongly alkaline 
range is possible in a simple manner. 
Surprisingly, it has been found that certain substantive azo dyestuffs can 
be employed for the purpose according to the invention. 
The invention relates to indicators for determining the proton 
concentration of strongly alkaline aqueous solutions, which are 
characterized in that they contain at least one compound of the general 
formula (I) 
##STR3## 
in which 
##STR4## 
and R.sup.1 =H, OH, alkyl having 1-6 C atoms, alkanoyl having 2-7 C atoms, 
R.sup.2 =H, alkyl having 1-6 C atoms. 
The indicators are preferably applied to a support. 
These compounds are prepared from parent substances known in dyestuff 
chemistry which, from experience, impart substantive character to the 
dyestuffs. The parent substances carry at least one amino group, which are 
(sic) diazotized and coupled with phenols to give the indicators according 
to the invention (Ullmann, Volume A 3, 5th edition, 1985, pages 279-280). 
The binding position between the diazotized parent substances and the 
phenols can be located in all positions of the phenols not occupied by 
substituents. 
2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulfonic acid has proven 
particularly advantageous as a parent substance. The diazotization and 
subsequent coupling of the parent substance is carried out with phenol 
derivatives, preferably with pyrogallol, 3,5-dihydroxytoluene and 
2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone. 
The substances can be employed in solution like other pH indicators. More 
advantageously, however, materials made from cellulose, e.g. paper, films 
or fabric, are dyed with these substances. Because of their substantivity, 
the substances remain comparatively firmly stuck to these materials and 
are thus suitable, e.g. in strip form, directly for indicating the alkali 
concentration. In other embodiments, the dyed material is fixed to a 
colorless or white plastic film as support and can thus be assessed not 
only visually, but also photometrically in transmitted light or reflected 
light. 
In order to be able to measure the alkali concentrations, a color 
comparison scale must be prepared beforehand. For potassium hydroxide 
solution and in the case of direct use of the indicator the following 
procedure is used: 
a) Potassium hydroxide solutions of various concentrations are prepared, 
e.g. 1N, 2N, 4N, . . . 18N or 10%, 20%, 30% . . . 100%. 
b) 1.0 mg of the indicator is dissolved in 100 ml of these solutions in 
each case. 
c) These solutions are filled into 10 mm cuvettes, which are set up next to 
each other. This series is used as a color comparison scale. 
1.0 mg of the indicator is dissolved in a 100 ml sample whose potassium 
hydroxide concentration is to be determined and the solution is filled 
into a 10 mm cuvette. The alkali concentration is determined by comparing 
the color of the cuvette containing the unknown sample with the color 
comparison scale. Since the concentrations of the solutions of the color 
comparison scale are known, the alkali concentration of the unknown sample 
is thus also known.

EXAMPLE 1 
Preparation of an Indicator 
38.4 g (120 mmol) of 2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methyl-benzothiazole-7-sulfonic 
acid were dissolved in 75 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide solution and 300 ml of 
water. A solution of 9.1 g of sodium nitrite in 75 ml of water was added 
dropwise to this solution at room temperature in the course of 10 minutes 
and the mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes. 300 ml of 1N 
hydrochloric acid were then added dropwise at 0.degree.-5.degree. C. and 
the solution containing an orange-yellow precipitate was stirred at 
0.degree.-5.degree. C. for a further 30 minutes. 
The reaction mixture was then added dropwise under nitrogen at 
5.degree.-10.degree. C. to a solution of 21.3 g of 3,5-dihydroxytoluene 
(150 mmol) in 27.8 ml of 32% sodium hydroxide solution and 200 ml of 
ethanol (20 min), an orange-red precipitate being produced. The mixture 
was stirred for one hour at 5.degree.-10.degree. C. and then for a further 
18 hours at 20.degree.-25.degree. C. The reaction mixture was briefly 
warmed and slowly added dropwise with stirring to 10 l of hot i-propanol. 
An orange-red precipitate was deposited, which was filtered off with 
suction and dried. 
Yield: 34.2 g (62.5% of theory) of orange to red-brown crystals. 
EXAMPLE 2 
Preparation and Functioning of a Test Stick 
The following two solutions were prepared: 
1. 10 mg of the azo dyestuff according to Example 1 in 50 ml of water. 
2. 10 mg of the azo dyestuff from 
2-(4-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulfonic acid and 
2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone in 50 ml of water. 
6 mm wide and 300 mm long filter paper strips (e.g. Schleicher and Schull 
No. 604) were immersed in each of these solutions and then dried. The two 
indicator paper strips thus obtained were stuck to a 75 mm wide, 0.2 mm 
thick and 300 mm long white PVC film using double-sided adhesive tape. The 
first zone here is directly on the edge of the film. The distance between 
the two zones is 3 mm. The film tape was then cut into 6 mm wide test 
sticks. On each test stick there were then two test zones which show the 
following colors in the alkaline range: 
______________________________________ 
Potassium hydroxide 
solution Zone 1 Zone 2 
______________________________________ 
0.1 N yellow yellow 
0.3 N yellow orange 
0.5 N yellow red 
1.0 N yellow red-violet 
4.0 N yellow blue-violet 
8.0 N orange blue-violet 
10.0 N light red blue-violet 
12.0 N dark red blue-violet 
______________________________________ 
As can be seen from the table, potassium hydroxide solution solution zone 2 
serves as an indicator in the range between 0.1 and 4N and potassium 
hydroxide solution zone 1 serves as an indicator in the range between 4 
and 12N. Analogous colorations were obtained using other strong bases such 
as sodium hydroxide solution or barium hydroxide solution if the 
corresponding concentrations were adjusted.