Positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor with a novel oil-separating and lubricating system

A capacity type refrigerant compressor having a compression chamber in which a refrigerant introduced from a suction system is compressed and discharged as a compressed high pressure refrigerant, and an oil-separating and lubricating system for lubricating an interior of the compressor by an oil separated from the compressed refrigerant, which has an oil-separating unit to separate the oil from the compressed refrigerant, an oil-storing chamber storing the separated oil, an oil-supply passage to supply the oil from the oil-storing chamber to the suction system, a pressure-operated valve arranged in the oil supply passage to regulate an amount of flow of the oil, which includes a valve chamber and a movable valve spool in the valve chamber to control a communication between the upstream and downstream of the oil-supply passage. The valve spool element moves in response to a change in a pressure differential between pressures in the compression chamber and the suction system, and blocks the oil flow in the oil-supply passage when the pressure differential is overcome by a spring force arranged in the valve chamber.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention generally relates to positive-displacement-type 
refrigerant compressors including reciprocating type refrigerant 
compressors and rotary type refrigerant compressors. More particularly, 
the present invention relates to an oil-separating and lubricating system 
incorporated in a positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor for 
the lubrication of various internal portions and movable elements of the 
positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor by separating oil from a 
refrigerant at a high pressure and by supplying the separated oil to the 
portions and elements to be lubricated. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
In a positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor mainly incorporated 
in a vehicle climate control system, lubrication of various internal 
portions and movable elements of the compressor is achieved by an oil, 
i.e., an oil mist suspended in a gas-phase refrigerant which is compressed 
within the compressor. Therefore, when the compressed refrigerant 
containing and suspending therein the oil is delivered from the compressor 
to an external refrigerating system in the climate control system, the oil 
is attached to an internal wall of an evaporator of the refrigerating 
system to result in a reduction in the heat exchanging efficiency of the 
evaporator. Thus, in the conventional refrigerating system, an oil 
separating unit is arranged in a high pressure gas pipe extending from the 
refrigerant outlet of the compressor to a condenser, and the separated oil 
is returned from the oil separating unit into the interior of the 
refrigerant compressor via a separate oil-return conduit. However, an 
arrangement of the oil separating unit in the gas pipe and an addition of 
the oil-return conduit to the refrigerating system make it cumbersome to 
assemble the refrigerating system of the vehicle climate control in the 
rather narrow assembling space in a vehicle. Further, the oil-return 
conduit is usually formed by a long pipe element having a small diameter, 
and accordingly, clogging easily occurs during the operation of the 
compressor. Therefore, a refrigerant compressor has been provided which is 
provided with an oil-separating unit directly incorporated therein. 
The oil-separating unit incorporated in the conventional refrigerant 
compressor is provided with an oil storing chamber formed in the 
compressor for storing an oil separated from a refrigerant in a high 
pressure region within the compressor, and an oil-return passage 
communicating the oil storing chamber with a low pressure region such as a 
crank chamber in the compressor for supplying the oil from the oil storing 
chamber to the low pressure region. The oil-return passage is provided 
with a valve unit arranged therein to control an amount of oil to be 
supplied into the low-pressure region in response to a change in the 
operating condition of the compressor. 
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-324758 
(JP-A-9-324758) discloses a valve unit which functions to interrupt the 
oil-return passage during the running of the compressor, and to permit the 
oil to flow therethrough when the operation of the compressor is stopped. 
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 6-249146 (JP-A-6-249146) 
discloses a valve unit used in a variable displacement type refrigerant 
compressor and operates in such a manner that when an oil separating 
chamber is kept at a high pressure during a large displacement operation 
of the compressor, a restricted amount of oil is permitted to pass through 
an oil-return passage via the valve unit, and when the oil separating 
chamber is kept at a low pressure during a small displacement operation of 
the compressor, a large amount of oil is permitted to pass through the 
oil-return passage via the valve unit. 
Nevertheless, in the two conventional incorporated type oil separating 
systems of JP-A-9-324758 and JP-A-6-249146, no positive means to 
completely prevent the oil from being delivered from the interior of the 
compressor into an associated refrigerating system is provided. Namely, 
since the lubrication of various internal portions and movable elements of 
the refrigerant compressor must rely on mainly the oil suspended in the 
refrigerant returned from an external refrigerating system, at least when 
the refrigerant compressor is stopped, an amount of the oil supplied to 
the low pressure region in the compressor must be increased to prevent 
lack of lubricant at the start of operation of the refrigerant compressor. 
In this connection, even if the amount of oil delivered from the 
refrigerant compressor is small, delivery of the oil from the compressor 
into the external refrigerating system results in preventing an increase 
in the heat exchanging efficiency in the refrigerating system depending on 
the amount of oil in a unit weight of refrigerant. 
Moreover, when the compressor is stopped, and if a large amount of oil is 
supplied to the low pressure region in the compressor, the oil remaining 
in the low pressure region is suddenly agitated due to the restarting of 
the compressor, and will cause the splashing of the oil. Accordingly, 
compression of the oil, i.e., a liquid or oil compression occurs within 
the respective cylinder bores. Thus, an unpleasantly strong shock and a 
noise are generated in the interior of the refrigerant compressor. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obviate all defects 
encountered by the conventional oil separating and lubricating unit 
incorporated in a refrigerant compressor. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a 
positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor internally provided with 
a novel oil-separating and lubricating system able to achieve both 
lubrication of the interior of the compressor and an enhancement of heat 
exchanging efficiency in a refrigerating system in which the compressor is 
incorporated. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a 
positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor internally provided with 
an oil-separating and lubricating system having function to prevent 
occurrence of the oil compression even when the compressor is started. 
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a 
positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor including: 
a suction system to receive a refrigerant at a suction pressure from an 
external refrigerating system, 
a compressing mechanism having a compression chamber in which the 
refrigerant introduced from the suction system is compressed to discharge 
the refrigerant after compression into a discharge chamber, and 
an oil-separating and lubricating system for lubricating the interior of 
the positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor by oil separated 
from the refrigerant, 
wherein the oil-separating and lubricating system comprises: 
an oil-separating unit accommodated in a high pressure region communicating 
with the discharge chamber to cause separation of the oil from the 
refrigerant after compression; 
an oil-storing chamber accommodated in the high pressure region to store 
the oil separated by the oil-separating unit; 
an oil-supply passage supplying the oil from the oil storing chamber to the 
suction system; 
a pressure-operated valve disposed in the oil-supply passage for regulating 
an amount of flow of the oil from the oil-storing chamber to the suction 
system in response to a change in a pressure differential between 
pressures prevailing in both the compression chamber and the suction 
system, the pressure-operated valve closing the oil-supply passage at a 
predetermined portion thereof when the compression mechanism stops its 
operation to compress the refrigerant. 
Preferably, the pressure-operated valve includes: 
a valve chamber having opposite ends, one being fluidly communicating with 
the compression chamber and the other being fluidly communicating with the 
suction system, the valve chamber further having an inner wall provided 
with a first port constantly communicating with an upstream side of the 
oil-supply passage and a second port constantly communicating with a 
downstream side of the oil-supply passage; 
a valve spool element arranged in the valve chamber to be movable between 
the opposite ends of the valve chamber, the valve spool element having 
opposite pressure receiving ends for receiving the pressure from the 
compression chamber and that from the suction system, and an outer 
circumference extending between the opposite pressure receiving ends for 
defining a gap-like oil passage enclosed by the inner wall of the valve 
chamber and by a pair of sealing elements fitted around two spaced 
predetermined positions of the outer circumference of the valve spool 
element, the gap-like oil passage being arranged to provide a fluid 
communication between the upstream and downstream sides of the oil-supply 
passage; 
an elastic element disposed in the valve chamber at the above-described 
other of the opposite ends thereof to exhibit a spring force constantly 
urging the valve spool towards the above-described one of the opposite 
ends of the valve chamber, so that when the pressure differential of the 
pressures from both the compression chamber and the suction system is 
overcome by the spring force of the elastic element, the spool element is 
moved toward the one of the opposite ends of the valve chamber until the 
fluid communication between the upstream and downstream sides of the 
oil-supply passage is obstructed by the valve spool element. 
Further preferably, the oil-separating and lubricating system is provided 
with a flow restriction in a portion of the oil-supply passage. 
When the compressing mechanism of the positive-displacement-type 
refrigerant compressor employs reciprocating pistons to compress the 
refrigerant, the pressure introduced from the compression chamber into the 
above-described one of the opposite ends of the valve chamber and acting 
on the valve spool element can be maintained at a substantially average of 
the pressures prevailing in the compression chamber by provision of a 
restriction function in a pressure introducing passage. 
On the other hand, when a positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor 
is a rotary type refrigerant compressor, the pressure introduced from the 
compression chamber into the above-described one of the opposite ends of 
the valve chamber and acting on the valve spool element can be an 
intermediate value of the pressures prevailing in the compression chamber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring to FIG. 1, a double-headed-piston-incorporated reciprocating-type 
refrigerant compressor is provided with a pair of axially combined 
cylinder blocks 1 and 2 having later-described five cylinder bores on 
axially left and right sides of the combined cylinder blocks. The combined 
cylinder blocks 1 and 2 have axially front and rear ends closed by a front 
housing 5 and a rear housing 6, via a front valve plate 3 and a rear valve 
plate 4, respectively. The front housing 5, the front cylinder block 1, 
the rear cylinder block 2 and the rear housing 6 are gas-tightly combined 
together by several long screw bolts (not shown in FIG. 1). The connecting 
portion of the combined front and rear cylinder blocks 1 and 2 is provided 
with a crank chamber 8 formed therein to receive a swash plate (a cam 
plate) 10 fixedly mounted on a drive shaft 9 which is rotatably supported 
by the combined cylinder blocks 1 and 2, and axially extends through a 
central bores 1a and 2a of the combined cylinder blocks 1 and 2. The swash 
plate 10 is thus rotated together with the drive shaft 9 about an axis of 
rotation of the drive shaft 9. 
The axially aligned five cylinder bores 11 on the left and right sides of 
the combined cylinder blocks 1 and 2 are arranged in parallel with one 
another with respect to and circumferentially spaced apart from one 
another around the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 9. 
Double-headed pistons 12 are slidably fitted in the cylinder bores 11 on 
the axially left and right sides of the cylinder blocks 1 and 2, each of 
the double-headed pistons 12 is engaged with the swash plate 10 via a pair 
of semispherical shoes 13, 13. 
The front and rear housings 5 and 6 are internally provided with suction 
chambers 14 and 15 formed in a radially outer region of the interior of 
the respective housings 5 and 6, and discharge chambers 16 and 17 formed 
in a radially inner region of the interior of the front and rear housings 
5 and 6. The front and rear valve plates 3 and 4 are provided with suction 
ports 18, 19 formed therein to permit the refrigerant to be sucked from 
the respective suction chambers 14 and 15 into the respective cylinder 
bores 11 on the left and right sides. The front and rear valve plates 3 
and 4 are also provided with discharge ports 20, 21 formed therein to 
permit the high pressure refrigerant after compression to be discharged 
from the respective cylinder bores 11 on the left and right sides into the 
discharge chambers 16 and 17. Suction valves (not shown) are arranged at 
the respective boundaries between the front and rear ends of the combined 
cylinder blocks 1 and 2 and the front and rear valve plates 3 and 4 to 
openably close the suction ports 18, 19, and discharge valves (not shown) 
are arranged at respective boundaries between the front and rear valve 
plates 3 and 4 and the front and rear housings 5 and 6 to openably close 
the discharge ports 20 and 21 and to be supported by valve retainers 22 
and 23. 
As best shown in FIG. 1, the discharge chambers 16 and 17 of the front and 
rear housings 1 and 2 are provided with partially radially extending 
portions therein, which are fluidly connected to one another by discharge 
passages 30a and 30b formed in the combined cylinder blocks 1 and 2, and 
are fluidly connected to a delivery passage 30c formed in the rear housing 
6, and the delivery passage 30c is fluidly connected to an outlet port 
(not shown in FIG. 1) for delivering the compressed refrigerant into an 
external refrigerating system via an oil-separating mechanism which is 
also formed in the rear housing 6. 
The above-mentioned oil-separating mechanism constitutes a part of an 
oil-separating and lubricating system, and the oil-separating mechanism 
includes an oil-separating chamber 41 formed as a cylindrical bore formed 
in the rear housing 6 to have an inner bottom. The oil-separating chamber 
41 fluidly communicates with the above-mentioned delivery passage 30c and 
receives therein a flanged oil-separating cylinder 43 which is attached to 
an uppermost position of the oil-separating chamber 41 by means of a snap 
ring 42. An oil-storing chamber 44 is arranged below the oil-separating 
chamber 41 for receiving an oil from the chamber 41. The oil-storing 
chamber 44 is formed to have a volume sufficient to store all of the oil 
which is preliminarily filled into the interior of the compressor during 
the assembly of the compressor, and for surely circulating all of the 
filled oil through various pressure regions in the interior of the 
compressor for the purpose of lubricating many portions such as cylinder 
bores 11 and opposite faces of the swash plate 10, and movable elements of 
the compressor such as double-headed pistons 12, shoes 13, and various 
radial and thrust bearings. The fluid communication between the 
oil-separating chamber 41 and the oil-storing chamber 44 is provided by an 
oil hole 45 formed in the bottom of the oil-separating chamber 41. 
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 in addition to FIG. 1, the oil-separating and 
lubricating system is further provided with a pressure-operated valve 50 
formed as a differential pressure type valve and received in a bottomed 
bore formed in the rear housing 6 as a valve chamber 51. 
An opening of the valve chamber 51 is sealingly closed by a lid 53 which is 
fixedly seated in position in the rear housing 6 by means of a snap ring 
52. The closed valve chamber 51 of the pressure-operated valve 50 is 
provided with opposite ends (upper and lower ends in FIGS. 1 through 3) 
spaced apart longitudinally from one another. One end, i.e., the lower end 
of the valve chamber 51 is fluidly connected to one of the cylinder bores 
11 (one compression chamber) via a pressure-introducing passage 54 which 
is narrowed so as to have the function of flow restriction. The other end, 
i.e., the upper end of the valve chamber 51 is fluidly connected to the 
suction chamber 15 in the rear housing 6 via a pressure-sensing passage 
55. 
A valve spool 56 in the shape of a cylindrical element is received in the 
valve chamber 51 to be movable in a longitudinal direction. The valve 
spool 56 has opposite flat ends and an outer circumference in which two 
longitudinally spaced annular grooves are formed to receive sealing 
elements (e.g., o-rings) 57, 57. An intermediate portion of the outer 
circumference of the valve spool 56 extending between the two sealing 
elements 57, 57 defines a cylindrical small gap "C" enclosed by an inner 
cylindrical wall of the valve chamber 51. The small gap "C" is provided as 
a part of an oil passage through which an oil can flow from the 
afore-mentioned oil-storing chamber 44 into the valve chamber 51. A spring 
element 58, typically a coil spring, is disposed in the valve chamber 51 
at the upper end thereof. One end of the spring element 58 bears against 
the upper end of the valve chamber 51 and the other end of the spring 
element 58 is seated against a shoulder formed in an upper portion of the 
valve spool 56. Thus, the spring element 58 constantly urges the valve 
spool 56 from the upper end of the valve chamber 51 communicating with the 
suction chamber 15 toward the lower end of the valve chamber 51 
communicating with the compression chamber 11. A pressure coming from the 
suction chamber 15 via the pressure-sensing passage 55, i.e., a suction 
pressure of the refrigerant also contributes to the urging of the valve 
spool 56 toward the lower end of the valve chamber 51. 
The rear housing 6 is provided with a counter-bore 60 centrally formed 
therein, which fluidly communicates with the crank chamber 8 via the 
central bore 2a of the combined cylinder blocks 1 and 2. The rear housing 
6 is further provided with an oil passage 61a extending between the 
oil-storing chamber 44 and the valve chamber 51 of the pressure-operated 
valve 50, and an additional oil passage 61b extending between the valve 
chamber 51 and the above-mentioned counter-bore 60. Thus, the counter-bore 
60 is fluidly communicated with the oil-storing chamber 44 through the oil 
passages 61a and 61b and the pressure-operated valve 50, so that the oil 
stored in the oil-storing chamber 44 can be supplied to the counter-bore 
60, and additionally to the central bore 2a and the crank chamber 8 when 
the valve spool 56 is moved toward the upper end of the valve chamber 51 
as shown best in FIG. 2. It will be understood that the oil passages 61a 
and 61b are provided as upstream side and downstream side oil-supplying 
passages, respectively, so that a circulating oil lubrication passageway 
is formed by which the oil to lubricate the interior of the compressor is 
basically circulated through the oil-storing chamber 44, the upstream side 
oil passage 61a, the cylindrical small gap "C" around the valve spool 56, 
the downstream side oil passage 61b, the counter-bore 60, the central bore 
2a, the crank chamber 8, the discharge chambers 16, 17, and the 
oil-separating chamber 41. 
However, it should be understood that when the valve spool 56 is moved to 
the lowermost end of the valve chamber 51 as best shown in FIG. 3 due to a 
change in a differential pressure between pressures acting on the 
pressure-receiving areas formed in the opposite ends of the valve spool 
56, the small gap "C" around the valve spool 56 is fluidly disconnected 
from the oil passage 61b, i.e., the downstream side of the oil-supply 
passage. More specifically, a port of the valve chamber 51 where the oil 
passage 61b is connected to the interior of the valve chamber 51 is 
positioned so that the port is fluidly disconnected from the small gap "C" 
of the valve spool 56 when the valve spool is moved to the lowermost end 
of the valve chamber 51. As a result, the fluid communication between the 
upstream and downstream sides of the oil-supply passage is interrupted by 
the pressure-operated valve 50. 
In a preferred embodiment, a flow restriction 62 is arranged in the oil 
passage 61b for restricting an amount of flow of the oil from the 
oil-storing chamber 44 into the crank chamber 8 constituting a part of the 
suction system of the compressor, via the small gap "C" of the 
pressure-operated valve 50. The flow restriction 62 may be arranged in the 
oil passage 61a as required. 
When the positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor incorporating 
therein the oil-separating and lubricating system of FIGS. 2 and 3 is 
driven by an application of a drive power from an external drive source, 
i.e., a vehicle engine to the drive shaft 9, the drive shaft 9 is rotated 
together with the swash plate 10 and therefore, the double-headed pistons 
12 engaged with the swash plate 10 are reciprocated in the corresponding 
cylinder bores 11. Thus, the refrigerant is sucked from the suction 
chambers 14, 15 into the cylinder bores 11 and compressed by the pistons 
12. The compressed refrigerant is discharged by the pistons 12 from the 
compression chambers within the cylinder bore 11 toward the discharge 
chambers 16, 17. When the compressed refrigerant is discharged into the 
discharge chambers 16, 17, it is further introduced into the oil 
separating chamber 41 via the discharge passages 30a and 30b and the 
delivery passage 30c. When the compressed refrigerant is introduced from 
the delivery passage 30c into the oil-separating chamber 41, the 
compressed refrigerant is forcedly rotated around the oil-separating 
cylinder 43 by the cylindrical inner wall of the oil-separating chamber 
41, as shown by arrows in FIG. 1, and is introduced into the interior of 
the flanged oil-separating cylinder 43 via an opening thereof. The 
compressed refrigerant is further delivered from the interior of the 
oil-separating cylinder 43 toward an external refrigerating system via a 
delivery port (not shown in FIG. 1) of the compressor. 
During the rotary movement of the compressed refrigerant in the 
oil-separating chamber 41, the oil component suspended in the compressed 
refrigerant is effectively separated from the refrigerant due to a 
centrifugal force acting on the oil component, and the separated oil flows 
down to the bottom of the oil-separating chamber 41 and, further, into the 
oil-storing chamber 44 via the oil hole 45. At this stage, it should be 
understood that due to the oil separation from the refrigerant in the 
oil-separating chamber 41, a refrigerant containing less oil component 
therein is delivered from the delivery port of the compressor into the 
external refrigerating system. Namely, the amount of oil contained in a 
unit weight of refrigerant is reduced within the oil-separating chamber 41 
before the compressed refrigerant gas is delivered from the delivery port. 
Thus, the compressed refrigerant containing less amount of oil component 
can be effectively used as a heat-exchange-medium in the refrigerating 
system. 
Further, when the oil separation is conducted by the oil-separating 
mechanism within the oil-separating chamber 41, pulsations in the pressure 
of the compressed refrigerant can be physically suppressed. Thus, a 
compressed refrigerant under a relatively stable pressure can be delivered 
from the compressor to the external refrigerating system, so that any 
adverse affect such as vibration and noise is not provided to the 
refrigerating system. 
During the operation of the refrigerant compressor, a very high pressure 
"Pc" reaches one end, i.e., the lower end of the valve chamber 51 of the 
pressure-operated valve 50 through the pressure-introducing passage 54 
which extends between the predetermined one of the cylinder bores 11 and 
the lower end of the valve chamber 51. Further, a suction pressure "Ps" 
prevails in the other end, i.e., the upper end of the valve chamber 51. 
Nevertheless, since the pressure "Pc" is far higher than the pressure 
"Ps", and since a pressure differential between the pressures "Pc" and 
"Ps" is sufficient for overcoming the spring force "Kx" of the spring 
element 58, the valve spool 56 is moved toward and held at the upper end 
of the valve chamber 51 as shown in FIG. 2. Accordingly, the upstream and 
downstream oil passages 61a and 61b are fluidly connected to one another 
via the oil passage (the small gap) "C" of the pressure-operated valve 50. 
At this stage, the pressure "Pc" introduced from one of the cylinder bores 
11 into the lower end of the valve chamber 51 is constantly maintained at 
a fully leveled pressure intermediate between the peak discharge pressure 
and the suction pressure within the cylinder bore 11, due to the flow 
restriction effect of the narrow pressure-introducing passage 54. 
When the upstream and downstream oil passages 61a and 61b are connected to 
one another via the pressure-operated valve 51, the oil stored in the 
oil-storing chamber 44 flows through the oil passages 61a, "C", and 61b 
into the counter-bore 60 in the rear housing 6, and the amount of flow of 
the oil is restricted and kept constant by the flow restriction 62 in the 
downstream side oil passage 61b. The oil further flows from the 
counter-bore 60 into the crank chamber 8 via the central bore 2a of the 
rear cylinder block 2 to lubricate many inner portions of the compressor 
such as the cylinder bores 11, and the movable elements such as the 
double-headed pistons 12, various bearings, the swash plate 10 and, the 
shoes 13 and is eventually mixed with the refrigerant within the suction 
pressure region. Thus, during the operation of the compressor, the 
controlled amount of oil component is constantly circulated through the 
oil-storing chamber 44, the crank chamber 8, and the oil-separating 
chamber 41 while lubricating the interior of the compressor. 
It should be understood that the pressure-operated valve 50 is designed and 
produced so as to satisfy an inequality as set forth below. 
EQU K.sub.X1 &lt;{(Pc-Ps).times.A}-f 
Where K.sub.X1 indicates the spring force exhibited by the spring element 
58 when it is contracted as shown in FIG. 2, "A" indicates the pressure 
receiving area of the lower end of the valve spool 56, and "f", indicates 
a static friction force exhibited by the seal element 57. 
When the operation of the refrigerant compressor is stopped, the pressure 
Pc prevailing in the lower end of the valve chamber 51 of the 
pressure-operated valve 50 through the pressure-introducing passage 54 is 
quickly reduced to a pressure level substantially equal to the suction 
pressure Ps of the compressor and, accordingly, a differential pressure 
between the pressures Pc and Ps is overcome by the spring force K.sub.X of 
the spring element 58, and accordingly, the valve spool 56 is moved to the 
lowermost end of the valve chamber 51 as shown in FIG. 3. As a result, the 
oil Passage (the small gap) "C" is fluidly disconnected from the 
downstream side oil passage 61b, and therefore, the downstream side oil 
passage 61b is disconnected from the upstream side oil passage 61a. 
Therefore, the circulation of the oil through the oil-storing chamber 44, 
the crank chamber 8 and, the oil-separating chamber 41 is stopped in 
response to the stopping of the operation of the 
positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor. Accordingly, the supply 
of oil to the crank chamber 8 is automatically stopped to prevent an 
excessive amount of oil from remaining in the crank chamber 8. Therefore, 
when the operation of the refrigerant compressor is again started, 
oil-compression within the cylinder bores 11 does not occur. Moreover, as 
soon as the operation of the refrigerant compressor is started, the 
circulation of the oil from the oil-storing chamber 44 to the 
oil-separating chamber 41 through the crank chamber 8 is quickly started 
by the movement of the valve spool 56 from the position shown in FIG. 3 to 
that shown in FIG. 2 to lubricate the interior of the compressor. It 
should be understood that, when the valve spool 56 is moved to the 
position shown in FIG. 3, the following inequality is established with 
regard to the pressure-operated valve 50. 
EQU K.sub.X2 &gt;{(Pc-Ps).times.A}+f 
Where K.sub.X2 indicates a spring force exhibited by the spring element 58 
extended to the condition shown in FIG. 3. 
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a scroll type refrigerant 
compressor, a typical rotary type refrigerant compressor, to which the 
present invention is applied. 
The scroll type refrigerant compressor of FIG. 4 includes a fixed scroll 
element 101 formed to be integral with a shell element forming an outer 
framework of the compressor, and front and rear housings 102 and 103 
sealingly attached to opposite ends of the fixed scroll element 101. The 
fixed scroll element 101 is provided with a fixed side plate 101a and a 
fixed spiral member 101b integrally attached to the fixed side plate 101a. 
The front housing 102 supports therein a drive shaft 105 to be rotatable 
about an axis of rotation thereof via a radial bearing 104. The drive 
shaft 105 has an outer end connectable to an external drive source, and an 
inner end having a slide key member 106 arranged to be eccentric with the 
axis of rotation of the drive shaft 105 and projecting axially. The slide 
key member 106 holds thereon a drive bush 107 so that the drive bush 107 
is permitted to radially slide with respect to the slide key member 106. 
The scroll type refrigerant compressor further includes a movable scroll 
element 109, which is held on the drive bush 107 via a radial bearing 108. 
The movable scroll element 109 is provided with a movable side plate 109a, 
and a movable spiral member 109b integrally attached to an inner face of 
the movable side plate 109a. The movable scroll element 109 having the 
movable side plate 109a and the spiral member 109b is engaged with the 
fixed scroll element 101 having the fixed side plate 101a and the fixed 
spiral member 101b to define a plurality of compression chambers P 
therebetween. 
The front housing 102 is further provided with a plurality of pins 111 
fixed thereto. Similarly, the movable side plate 109a of the movable 
scroll element 109 is provided with a plurality of pins 112 fixed thereto. 
The pins 111 of the front housing 102 and the pins 112 of the movable 
scroll element 109 are engaged in a ring-like retainers 113, respectively, 
which are slidably seated in a recess counter-bored in the inner face of 
the front housing 102, to prevent the movable scroll element 109 from 
self-rotating. 
The fixed side plate 101a of the fixed scroll element 101 is centrally 
provided with a discharge passage 101c bored therein and having an outer 
open end closed by a reed type discharge valve 114 which is permitted to 
open until it comes into contact with a valve retainer 115. 
A discharge chamber 106 is formed in both the fixed scroll element 101 and 
the rear housing 103 for receiving a compressed refrigerant discharged 
from the compression chambers P and the discharge passage 101c. The 
discharge chamber 116 communicates with an oil separating chamber 119, via 
a short passage 118 formed in the rear housing 103. 
An oil storing chamber 117 is formed in both the fixed scroll element 101 
and the rear housing 103 which is arranged to receive an oil separated 
from the compressed refrigerant within the above-mentioned oil separating 
chamber 119 via an oil passage 120 formed in a bottom portion of the oil 
separating chamber 119. 
A pressure-operated valve 50A is assembled in a portion of the fixed side 
plate 101a of the fixed scroll element 101 in a posture reverse to that of 
the pressure-operated valve 50 of the reciprocating type refrigerant 
compressor of FIG. 1. As will be understood from the illustration of FIGS. 
5 and 6, the function of the pressure-operated valve 50A is substantially 
the same as that of the valve assembly 50 of the previous embodiment. The 
pressure-operated valve 50A is different from the valve 50 only in that 
the downstream side oil passage 61b is arranged to extend from a low 
pressure region (a suction pressure region of the scroll type compressor) 
to one end of the valve chamber 51, i.e., an upper end of the valve 
chamber 51, and the downstream side oil passage 61b also functions as a 
pressure introducing passage to introduce a suction pressure "Ps" into the 
upper end of the valve chamber 51 of the pressure-operated valve 50A. An 
additional oil passage 61c formed in the rear housing 103 is arranged to 
communicate the upstream side oil passage 61a with the downstream side oil 
passage 61b when the valve spool is moved to the upper end of the valve 
chamber 51, as shown in FIG. 4. 
The other end of the valve chamber 51, i.e., the lower end of the valve 
chamber 51 is fluidly connected to one of the compression chambers "P" by 
the pressure-introducing passage 54 which introduces a pressure 
corresponding to an intermediate pressure between the suction pressure 
"Ps" and the highest discharge pressure "Pd" into the lower end of the 
valve chamber 51. The upstream side oil passage 61a extending from the 
oil-storing chamber 117 is connected to the oil passage (the small gap 
around the valve spool 56) "C". The above-mentioned downstream side oil 
passage 61b extends from the upper end of the valve chamber 51 to a 
predetermined portion of the suction pressure region (a low pressure 
region) where a part of the movable side plate 109a is slidably engaged 
with an outermost end portion of the fixed spiral element 101b. 
Therefore, when the scroll type refrigerant compressor is driven to move 
the movable scroll element 109 with respect to the fixed scroll element 
101, so that each of the compression chambers P is spirally displaced from 
an initial position to a final position while compressing the refrigerant, 
the compressed refrigerant is successively discharged from each of the 
compression chambers P to the discharge chamber 116 via the discharge 
passage 101c and the discharge valve 114. The compressed refrigerant moves 
further from the discharge chamber 116 and into the oil separating chamber 
119 via the short passage 118, so that the compressed refrigerant is 
spirally rotated along the cylindrical inner wall of the oil separating 
chamber 119 and around an oil-separating cylinder 121 fixed to an outer 
portion of the rear housing 103. Thus, the compressed refrigerant is 
finally delivered from a delivery port formed in the oil-separating 
cylinder 121 toward the external refrigerating system. During the rotation 
of the compressed refrigerant around the oil-separating cylinder 121, an 
oil component suspended in the refrigerant in the gas-phase is separated 
therefrom due to a centrifugal force. Thus, the compressed refrigerant can 
be delivered into the external refrigerating system after the amount of 
oil contained in a unit weight of compressed refrigerant is sufficiently 
reduced to prevent heat exchanging units in the refrigerating system such 
as a condenser and an evaporator from being adversely affected by the oil 
component contained in the refrigerant from the viewpoint of thermal 
exchange. 
During the operation of the scroll type refrigerant compressor, a pressure 
introducing into one of the opposite ends, i.e., the lower end of the 
valve chamber 51 of the pressure-operated valve 50A from the compression 
chamber P via the pressure-introducing passage 54 is very high and, 
accordingly, the high pressure urges the valve spool 56 toward the other 
end of the valve chamber 51, i.e., the uppermost end of the valve chamber 
51 against a combined force of a low pressure introduced into the upper 
end of the valve chamber 51 from the suction pressure region via the 
downstream side oil passage 61b and the elastic restoring force of the 
spring element 58 so as to keep the pressure-operated valve 50A open. 
Therefore, the oil is supplied from the oil storing chamber 117 to the 
above-mentioned slidably engaging portions of the fixed spiral portion 
101b and the movable side plate 109a, which are in the suction pressure 
region of the compressor, to lubricate these portions. 
It should be understood that the intermediate pressure introduced from the 
compression chamber P can be very stable due to a specific operation 
characteristic performance peculiar to the rotary type refrigerant 
compressor. 
When the scroll type compressor is stopped, the pressure introduced from 
the compression chamber P and prevailing in the lower end of the valve 
chamber 1 is reduced to a low pressure substantially equal to the suction 
pressure "Ps" of the compressor. Thus, the valve spool 56 is moved to the 
lower end of the valve chamber 51 so that the oil passage "C" around the 
valve spool 56 is fluidly disconnected from the additional oil passage 61c 
and accordingly, the pressure-operated valve 50A is quickly closed to 
fluidly disconnect the downstream side oil passage 61b from the upstream 
side oil passage 61a. Therefore, no oil is supplied from the oil-storing 
chamber 117 to the slidably engaging portion of the movable and fixed 
scroll elements 109 and 101. Accordingly, when the scroll type refrigerant 
compressor is started, oil compression does not occur. 
From the foregoing description of the described preferred embodiments of 
the present invention, it will be understood that according to the present 
invention, a positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor is provided 
with an oil storing chamber having a volume sufficient to store 
substantially the entire amount of the oil which can be circulated within 
the interior of the compressor and the oil suspended in the compressed 
refrigerant is separated from the refrigerant before the compressed 
refrigerant is delivered from the compressor to an external refrigerating 
system. Namely, the amount of oil contained in a unit weight of compressed 
refrigerant delivered from the compressor to the external refrigerating 
system is greatly reduced and accordingly, the heat exchanging efficiency 
in the external refrigerating system can be appreciably increased. 
Further, as soon as the operation of the compressor is started due to the 
supply of a drive power from an external drive source, e.g., a vehicle 
engine, the circulation of the oil within the refrigerant compressor is 
immediately started, and therefore lubrication in the interior of the 
compressor can be achieved even at the starting time of the compressor. 
This fact means that the crank chamber of the compressor does not need to 
hold a specific amount of oil for the purpose of quickly lubricating the 
interior in the crank chamber at the start of the compressing operation of 
the compressor. Therefore, oil compression can be surely prevented when 
the operation of the compressor is started. 
Further, since the pressure-operated valve incorporated in a 
positive-displacement-type refrigerant compressor employs a single movable 
element, i.e., a spring-biased valve spool to control the opening and 
closing of an oil passage from an oil storing chamber to a lubricated 
portion of the compressor, a simple construction and reliable operation of 
the valve can be ensured. Thus, an accurate control of the circulation of 
the oil within the refrigerant compressor can be guaranteed. 
Finally, it should be understood that many and various changes and 
modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art without departing 
from the scope and spirit of the invention as claimed in the accompanying 
claims.