Connector for lighting system and method

A connector for electrical communication between a low-voltage lamp and an electrical cable connected with a source of low-voltage electricity. The connector has a base with two opposed sections that define a channel for receiving the cable. Distal ends of each section have threaded radially outward surfaces for receiving a threaded cap. A presser in the cap pushes the cable into piercing engagement with a pair of nails in the channel for providing electrical communication between the cable and a lamp having a pair of wires connected to the nails. A U-shaped positioner is received within the channel over the electrical cable therein for accommodating narrow gauge cable. A method of connecting a lamp to an electrical cable is disclosed.

TECHNICAL FIELD 
The present invention relates generally to low-voltage lighting systems. 
More particularly, the present invention relates, to connectors and 
methods for electrical communication between low-voltage lamps and 
electrical cables connected with sources of low-voltage electricity in 
lighting systems. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Outdoor lighting provides a number of practical and aesthetic benefits for 
buildings and homes and for garden areas including lawns, walkways, and 
pool facilities. Among the practical benefits are safety for walking and 
security, by the lighting of dark spots and shadows around buildings and 
homes and lighting walkways, steps, and obstacles. Automatic and timed 
operation of lighting provides an "at-home" appearance for increased 
security. 
Outdoor lighting also provides important aesthetic benefits. These include 
making visible the beauty and charm of a home after dark. Features of a 
home's exterior may be highlighted and landscape areas may be accented. 
For example, walkways and doors can be illuminated as well as 
Various lighting techniques are used for placement of a lamp fixture for 
lighting of buildings and garden areas, including downlighting, 
uplighting, and backlighting. These terms describe the relationship 
between the lamp fixture and the objects to be illuminated. For example, 
downlighting places the lamp fixture above the objects to be illuminated. 
Further, various styles of lamp fixtures are available, including fixtures 
with lamps having wide beams of light, narrow accent lights, flood lights 
for broad general illumination of areas, and spot lights for focusing 
attention to a feature for highlighting. 
One popular mechanism for outdoor lighting systems involves the use of 
low-voltage lighting having a transformer that supplies electric current 
at about 12 volts direct current. Low voltage lighting systems are 
generally safer than high voltage systems, such as one using 120 volts AC. 
Wiring for low voltage systems can be placed on the ground, preferably 
buried at shallow depths, or looped through shrubbery and trees. In 
contrast, high voltage systems require closed conduits, and often require 
technical expertise to design and install. 
Low voltage systems conventionally have a transformer that changes the 120 
volt power to 12 volts. The transformer is typically housed in a 
weatherproof case and connects to an outdoor electrical socket. A cable 
having a pair of electrical wires attaches to the transformer. The cable 
is then laid on the ground along the areas to be illuminated, such as a 
walkway, stairs, garden areas, or side of a home. Lighting fixtures are 
then positioned at selected locations along the cable. Typically the 
lighting fixtures mount to stakes which are embedded in the ground. The 
lighting fixtures are then connected to the cable for electrical 
communication with the transformer. The cable is then preferably buried 
shallowly in the ground, but typically no additional conduit is necessary 
as would be required for 120 volt systems. If desired, a lighting fixture 
in a low-voltage lighting system may be disconnected from the cable, 
repositioned, and reconnected. While the original pierced holes in the 
cable may be wrapped with a tape, it is not necessary to do so. 
Various connectors are used to attach wires from the lighting fixtures to 
the cable. One known connector uses a pair of clips that matingly engage 
each other while wrapping around the cable. The-clips each include a 
pointed barb that connects with one of the wires from the lighting 
fixture. The barbs pierce the cable as the clips are pushed together into 
engagement. Joining the clips pushes the barbs into electrical 
communication with the wires in the cable. Another type of connector has a 
channel defined by flanges, and pointed barbs extend from a surface of the 
channel between the flanges. The flanges define a recess that slidingly 
receives a pressure plate which bears forcibly against the cable in the 
channel for piercing by the barbs to establish electrical communication. 
While successful for connecting lighting fixtures to the electrical cable, 
these connectors have drawbacks that limit their usefulness. Often, some 
of the lighting fixtures are re-positioned until the installer is 
satisfied with the illumination. Relocation of lighting fixtures requires 
removal and reinstallation of the connectors. The clip connector is 
however not readily separable for relocation. Also, the slideable 
connector is awkward to use and requires effort and force to slide the 
pressure plate laterally in the recess in order to exert pressure against 
the cable. Such connector may be difficult for persons not dexterous with 
small articles. 
Therefore, there remains a need in the art for an improved connector for 
establishing electrical communication between low-voltage lamps and 
electrical cables connected with a source of low voltage electricity. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention solves the need in the art by providing an improved 
connector for establishing electrical communication between low-voltage 
lamps and electrical cables connected with a source of low voltage 
electricity. The connector comprises a base with two opposed spaced-apart 
sections extending therefrom. The sections define a channel having a 
longitudinal axis. A distal end of each section has a threaded radially 
outward surface for receiving a threaded cap. A pair of spaced-apart nails 
extend from channel with one of the nails on each respective side of the 
longitudinal axis. Means are provided for connecting the nails to wires 
that connect for electrical communication with a low-voltage lamp. The cap 
has a threaded interior surface for engaging the two threaded sections, 
and a presser pivotally mounts to an interior bottom surface of the cap. 
The presser is sized for being received in the channel between the two 
sections for bearing against an electrical cable in the channel as the cap 
is screwed onto the base. The electrical cable, being received 
longitudinally in the channel, is piercingly engaged for electrical 
communication with the nails by the cap being threadingly screwed onto the 
two sections. 
A preferred system of the connector includes a positioner selectively 
insertable over the cable to accommodate narrow gauge cables. The 
positioner has a substantially U-shape in cross-sectional view and is 
sized for being received within the channel over the electrical cable 
therein. The positioner allows the connector to be used with narrow gauge 
cable having a thickness insufficient for being contacted and forced by 
presser of the cap onto the nails while threading the cap onto the two 
sections. The positioner, being forced against the cable by the rotation 
of the cap, causes the cable to piercingly engage the nails for electrical 
communication therewith. 
In a preferred embodiment, the connector includes a pair of passages in the 
base that extend from the nails to a side wall. A pair of wires from the 
low-voltage lamp insert through the passages into contact with the nails 
for electrical communication therewith. The base of each nail has a 
threaded axial bore and a slotted opening. The bore is open to a surface 
of the base for receiving a screw. The wires, being inserted through the 
passages and the slotted openings into the axial bores, are secured 
therein by a screw being threadingly engaged in the axial bore. 
The present invention further provides a method of connecting low-voltage 
lamps in a lighting system to electrical cables extending from sources of 
low-voltage electricity for electrical communication therewith. The method 
first places a selected portion of the electrical cable in a channel 
defined between two opposed sections extending in a first direction from a 
base. A cap then screws onto threaded radially outward surfaces at distal 
ends of each section. A presser rotatably mounted to a interior bottom 
surface of the cap, bears downward, forcing the cable into piercing 
engagement for electrical communication with a pair of nails projecting 
from the channel. A pair of wires from a low-voltage lamp are then 
connected to the nails for electrical communication between the lamp and 
the source of electricity. 
In a preferred method, a positioner is selectively inserted within the 
channel and over the cable therein depending on the thickness of the 
cable, for accommodating narrow gauge cables. The positioner is 
selectively used to fill a gap between the narrow gauge cable and the cap 
because the cable may be insufficiently thick for the cap to press the 
cable onto the nails. The positioner accordingly facilitates piercing 
contact between the cable and the nails. 
Objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become 
apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the disclosed 
embodiment of the present invention, in conjunction with the appended 
drawings and claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring now in more detail to the drawings in which the same parts have 
like identifiers, FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a connector 10 
in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The 
connector has a base 12 with a lower portion 14. Two oppositely aligned 
spaced-apart sections 16 and 18 of a cylinder extend in a first direction 
from the lower portion 14 with distal end portions 20 and 22 defining 
threaded radially outer surfaces for receiving a threaded cap 62, as 
discussed below. A distal end of each of the sections 16 and 18 includes a 
recessed portion 24 and 26, respectively. The sections 14 and 16 define a 
channel 28 having a longitudinal axis in the connector 10. An exterior 
surface of the base 12 preferably defines a series of grooves and ridges 
for a texture for grippingly holding the connector 10 during use to 
connect a lamp fixture to a cable, as discussed below. 
A pair of electrical contacters 32 and 34 are received in the lower portion 
14 of the connector on respective sides of the longitudinal axis of the 
channel 28. The electrical contacters 32 and 34 in the illustrated 
embodiment each comprise a base 36 having a threaded axial bore 38 and a 
slot-like opening 42 in the base 36. The bore 38 is open to a bottom 
surface 39 in the base 36 for receiving a screw 40 into the bore. A sharp 
piercing nail 44 extends upwardly from the base 36 above a surface of the 
channel 28. A pair of passages 46 and 48 extend inwardly from a sidewall 
of the lower portion 14 and communicate with the slot-like opening 42 in 
the respective electrical contacter 32 and 34. The electrical contacters 
32 and 34 are made of an electrically conductive material. 
FIG. 1 further illustrates an electrical cable 50 exploded from the base 12 
of the connector 10. The cable 50 includes a pair of wires 52 and 54, 
which preferably comprise a plurality of narrow gauge wire threads grouped 
together to form a predetermined wire gauge for the cable 50. The wires 52 
and 54 are conventionally encased in a plastic jacket 55 and separated by 
a groove 57 extending longitudinally along the cable 50. 
A positioner 56 is illustrated exploded from the cable 50. The positioner 
56 is an elongated member having a wide U-shape in cross section defined 
by a pair of sides 58 that extend in a first direction from a back 60. The 
positioner 56 is sized for receiving the cable 50 between the side 58 and 
the back 60 in the channel 28, as discussed below. 
FIG. 1 also illustrates a cap 62 shown exploded from the base 12 of the 
connector 10. The cap 62 includes a skirt 64 that extends in a first 
direction around the perimeter of a top 65. An interior surface of the 
skirt 64 includes a thread 66 for matingly engaging the cap 62 with the 
threaded upper distal portions 20 and 22 of the sections 16 and 20. A 
presser 68 includes an integral disk 69 and rotatably mounts at a pivot 70 
in the cap 62 by a screw 72, for a purpose discussed below. In an 
alternate embodiment, the presser 68 does not include the disk 69. The 
base 10, the positioner 56, the cap 62, and the presser 68 are preferably 
made of a rigid plastic material in a molding process. 
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a low-voltage lamp fixture 90 
connected selectively with the connector 10 to the electrical cable 50 
extending from a transformer 80 that provides a supply of low-voltage 
electricity. The transformer 80 includes an electrical cord 82 having a 
plug 84 for connecting to a supply of electricity, such as a junction box 
86 attached to a house. Transformers for low-voltage lighting fixture 
systems typically include a timer 88 for setting the on- and off-times for 
supplying electrical current to the lamp fixture 90. 
The lamp fixture 90 includes a light-transmissive housing 92 and is 
typically fixed in the ground by a stake 94. A lamp 96 is held in a socket 
in the lamp fixture 90 and connects to a pair of wires 98 and 100 that 
extend outwardly of the housing 90 for connection with the cable 50 by the 
connector 10. 
After the transformer 80 is attached to a support, such as a side of a 
house, the plug 84 is connected to the junction box 86 for supplying 
electrical current to the transformer. The cable 50 attaches in a 
conventional manner to the transformer and is then laid along the ground 
or in a shallow trench in the ground along the areas to be illuminated by 
one or more of the lamp fixtures 90. Typically, the cable parallels a 
sidewalk, garden path, or side of a house, to be illumined. The lamp 
fixtures 90 are positioned by embedding the stake 94 in the ground. 
The lamp fixtures 90 are then connected to the cable 50. The bare ends of 
the wires 98 and 100 uncovered of insulation are selectively inserted into 
a respective one of the passages 34 and 36 in one of the connectors 10. In 
an alternate embodiment (not illustrated), the ends of the wires 98 and 
100 are stripped of insulation for electrical communication and a metallic 
cap is attached to the stripped wire end. The ends of the wires 98 and 100 
extend through the respective slot openings 42 in the bases 36. The screws 
40 then threadingly engage the bores 38 and press against the wire ends in 
the respective bases 36 for securing the wires in electrical communication 
with the nails 44. In another alternate embodiment, the wires 98 and 100 
are rigidly fixed, such as by solder or mechanical connection such as 
crimping, to electrically conductive barbs, such as the nails 44, 
extending from the base 12. The base of the connector 10 is thereby 
pre-joined with the lamp fixture 90, instead of securing the base 12 to 
the wires 98 and 100 when installing the lighting system. In this 
embodiment, the electrical contacters 32 and 34 do not have the threaded 
axial bore 38 for the screw 40. 
The cable 50 is then positioned in the channel 28. The cap 62 threadingly 
engages the threaded upper ends 20 and 22 of the sections 14 and 16 on the 
base 12. The sides of the presser 68 align with the channel 28 for 
slidingly moving therethrough from the open distal end of the channel 28 
toward the nails 44 as the cap 62 threads onto the sections 16 and 18 of 
the base 12. The cap 62 rotates with respect to the presser 68 by the 
pivotably mounted disk 69 which is received in the recesses 24 and 26 as 
the cap is threaded onto the base 12. The presser 68 bears against an 
upper surface of the cable 50. As the cap 62 threads onto the base 12, the 
presser 68 forces the cable 50 against the nails 44 which pierce the 
insulation covering the wires 52 and 54, respectively, to provide 
electrical communication from the cable through the electrical contacter 
and wires 98 and 100 to the lamp 96. For convenience, the connector 10 may 
be first attached to the cable 50 and then the wires 98 and 100 from the 
lamp are attached to the connector. While the present invention has been 
disclosed with a preferred embodiment and method for use with low-voltage 
lighting systems, such would be advantageously used in higher voltage 
systems as well. 
Cables of electrical wire typically are provided in one of several standard 
sizes for use in low-voltage lighting systems having transformers and lamp 
fixtures. The cables are sized in terms of gauge, and typically are 12, 14 
or 16 gauge, which refers to the cross-sectional diameter of the 
electrical wires carded in the cable. Conventionally, the lower number 
refers to a wire capable of carrying a higher amount of electrical 
current. The cables of lower gauge wires typically have more insulation 
than those of higher gauge wires, and thus, are thicker in cross-section. 
The present invention provides the positioner 50 for accommodating cables 
made of higher gauge wires having insufficient thickness for being pushed 
by the presser 68 into piercing contact with the nails 44. In a system of 
the connector 10 according to the present invention, two positioners 56 
are provided. The back 60 of a first positioner 56 is thicker than that of 
a second positioner. The first positioner 56 is preferably used with the 
higher gauge cable (i.e., the thinner cable) while the second positioner 
is preferably used with a cable of an intermediate gauge. The positioner 
56 is selectively inserted within the channel 28 and over the cable 50 
therein depending on the thickness of the cable, for accommodating narrow 
gauge cables. The positioner 56 is selectively used to fill a gap between 
the narrow gauge cable 50 and the cap 62 because the narrow gauge cable 
may be insufficiently thick for the cap to press the cable onto the nails 
44. The positioner 56 accordingly facilitates piercing contact between the 
cable 56 and the nails 44. In a preferred embodiment, the connector 10 is 
sized for receiving cable 50 of a gauge that does not require use of one 
of the positioners 56. The presser 68 in the cap bears against the cable 
50 sufficiently to pierce the cable by the nails 44 in order to establish 
electrical communication with the transformer 80 as the cap 62 is 
threadingly engaged to the base 12. The present invention thereby provides 
a connector and method for electrical communication in a lighting system 
between a low-voltage lamp positioned selectively to an electrical cable 
connected with a source of low-voltage electricity. 
The principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the present 
invention have been described in the foregoing specification. The 
invention is not to be construed as limited to the particular forms 
disclosed because these are regarded as illustrative, rather than 
restrictive. Moreover, variations and changes may be made by those skilled 
in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as described 
by the following claims.