Toilet for Analysis and Classification of Feces

An analytical toilet comprising a bowl for receiving excreta; a platform in the bowl for receiving feces wherein at least a portion of the platform comprises a transparent material; at least one fecal sensor positioned to inspect feces through the transparent platform material; and a processor receiving data from the at least one fecal sensor and determining at least one property of the feces is disclosed. An analytical toilet comprising a bowl for receiving excreta wherein at least a portion of the bowl comprises a transparent material; a urine receptacle; at least one urine sensor positioned to inspect the urine through the transparent bowl material; and a processor receiving data from the at least one sensor and determining at least one property of the urine is also disclosed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to analytical toilets. More particularly, it relates to analytical toilets that perform analytical and qualitative tests on feces.

BACKGROUND

The ability to track an individual's health and wellness is currently limited to the lack of available data related to personal health. Many diagnostic tools are based on examination and testing of excreta, but the high cost of frequent doctor's visits and/or scans make these options available only on a very limited and infrequent basis. Thus, they are not widely available to people interested in tracking their own personal wellbeing.

Toilets present a fertile environment for locating a variety of useful sensors to detect, analyze, and track trends for multiple health conditions. Locating sensors in such a location allows for passive observation and tracking on a regular basis of daily visits without the necessity of visiting a medical clinic for collection of samples and data. Monitoring trends over time of health conditions supports continual wellness monitoring and maintenance rather than waiting for symptoms to appear and become severe enough to motivate a person to seek care. At that point, preventative care may be eliminated as an option leaving only more intrusive and potentially less effective curative treatments. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

At present, there is no easy, hands-off way of measuring human waste weight, volume and density. While each can be done, there is no know automated method integrated in a toilet. Weighing an entire toilet is difficult and traditional toilets do not hold the entire urine event in the bowl, so the best that can be done is to measure the weight of a person before and after using the toilet. This could measure total excreta mass, but there would be no distinction between liquid and solid waste. Also, when you are measuring a small change in weight from a much larger weight (like the weight of waste compared to the weight of an adult) the measurement will typically be less accurate.

Just a few examples of smart toilets and other bathroom devices can be seen in the following U.S. patents and Published applications: U.S. Pat. No. 9,867,513, entitled “Medical Toilet With User Authentication”; U.S. Pat. No. 10,123,784, entitled “In Situ Specimen Collection Receptacle In A Toilet And Being In Communication With A Spectral Analyzer”; U.S. Pat. No. 10,273,674, entitled “Toilet Bowl For Separating Fecal Matter And Urine For Collection And Analysis”; US 2016/0000378, entitled “Human Health Property Monitoring System”; US 2018/0020984, entitled “Method Of Monitoring Health While Using A Toilet”; US 2018/0055488, entitled “Toilet Volatile Organic Compound Analysis System For Urine”; US 2018/0078191, entitled “Medical Toilet For Collecting And Analyzing Multiple Metrics”; US 2018/0140284, entitled “Medical Toilet With User Customized Health Metric Validation System”; US 2018/0165417, entitled “Bathroom Telemedicine Station”; U.S. Ser. No. 15/222,267, entitled “THIN WEIGHT SCALE.” The disclosures of all these patents and applications are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect, the disclosure provides an analytical toilet comprising a bowl for receiving excreta; a platform in the bowl for receiving feces wherein at least a portion of the platform comprises a transparent material; at least one fecal sensor positioned to inspect feces through the transparent platform material; and a processor receiving data from the at least one fecal sensor and determining at least one property of the feces.

In a second aspect, the disclosure provides an analytical toilet comprising a bowl for receiving excreta wherein at least a portion of the bowl comprises a transparent material; a urine receptacle; at least one urine sensor positioned to inspect the urine through the transparent bowl material; and a processor receiving data from the at least one sensor and determining at least one property of the urine.

Further aspects and embodiments are provided in the foregoing drawings, detailed description and claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Definitions

As used herein, the term “excreta” refers to any substance released from the body including urine, feces, menstrual discharge, and anything contained or excreted therewith.

As used herein, the term “toilet” is meant to refer to any device or system for receiving human excreta, including urinals.

As used herein, the term “bowl” is meant to refer to the portion of a toilet that is designed to receive excreta.

As used herein, the term “frame” refers to the portion of the toilet below and around the bowl supporting it, the seat, and any other toilet components.

As used herein, the term “shroud” is meant to refer to the outer surface of the toilet enclosing and covering the frame and typically other toilet components.

As used herein, the term “actuator” is intended to have a relatively broad meaning, referring to any mechanical device for moving the seat and/or bowl. Various types of actuators are suitable for use in the invention. The preferred actuators use hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders. Alternatively, the actuators use screws, levers, hydraulics, pistons, or some other mechanism to raise and lower the seat and/or bowl.

As used herein, the term “processor” is meant to refer to logic circuitry that processes data from the sensors, applies algorithms such as computer vision to identify a user or determine physical characteristics of a user, and instructs a digital controller to adjust the toilet seat and/or bowl position based on the preferences of a known user or characteristics of an unknown (i.e., unidentified) user.

As used herein, the term “position,” as in the position of the bowl, seat or footrest, is intended to refer to the height and/or the angle of the device, with respect to the floor.

As used herein, the term “angle,” as in angle of the seat, is intended to refer to the angle of the seat versus the horizontal floor (i.e., 0° angle) so that increasing the angle refers to the seat approaching perpendicular (i.e., 90° angle).

As used herein, the term “weight” is meant to refer to the mass of a user or their excreta.

As used herein, the term “floating” refers to a component that is supported by weight sensors independently of other components and does not support other components (e.g., a floating bowl does not support the weight of the seat).

As used herein, the term “removable” refers to any portion of the shroud that can be moved to allow access to the interior components of the toilet whether such portion is detached from the toilet or merely moved (e.g., slid over or pivoted on at least one hinges) to provide access.

As used herein, the term “sensor” is meant to refer to any device for detecting and/or measuring a property of a person or of a substance regardless of how that property is detected or measured, including the absence of a target molecule or characteristic.

As used herein, the term “imaging sensor” is meant to refer to any device for detecting and/or measuring a property of a person or of a substance that relies on electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength (e.g., visible light, infrared light, xray) or sound waves (e.g., ultrasound) to view the surface or interior of a user or substance. The term “imaging sensor” does not require that an image or picture is created or stored even if the sensor is capable of creating an image.

As used herein, the terms “weight sensor” and “load cell” are intended to have a relatively broad meaning, referring to a transducer, specifically a force transducer that converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. As the force applied to the weight sensor or load cell increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally.

As used herein, the term “excretion profile” is meant to refer collectively to the rate of excretion at any moment in time of an excretion event and the total volume or mass of excreta as a function of time during an excretion event. The terms “defecation profile” and “urination profile” refer more specifically to the separate measurement of excreta from the anus and urethra, respectively.

As used herein, the term “consistency” is meant to refer to properties of excreta, particularly fecal matter and anything in fecal matter, related to solidity, liquidity, and hardness.

As used herein, the term “transparent” is meant to refer to materials that allow visible light and/or non-visible light (e.g., ultraviolet, infrared, etc.) to pass through the material. A material need not be transparent to all wavelengths to be considered transparent.

Exemplary Embodiments

The present disclosure relates to a toilet with a bowl and seat supported by a frame. The frame includes at least one lifting mechanism adapted to raise and lower the seat and/or bowl. In some embodiments, there may be separate frames for supporting and adjusting the seat and for supporting and adjusting the bowl. Preferably, the lifting mechanism is further adapted to change the angle of the seat.

In a preferred embodiment, the toilet comprises a motorized seat lift that is integral with and internal to the toilet. It also provides customized lifting motions set to individual user's preferences. The disclosed toilet looks and feels like a conventional toilet and can help prevent fall by keeping a person more supported during a lift and help them to their feet at a height appropriate for the individual.

In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable frame allows the toilet to be both shorter and taller than conventional toilets. This makes the toilet more comfortable and easier to use for both tall and short users, including children, without the need for special stools or spacers.

In various exemplary embodiments, the bowl is supported by a frame including at least one actuator. In various exemplary embodiments, the seat is supported a frame comprising at least one actuator. In various exemplary embodiments, the frame comprises two, three, four, or more actuators for the bowl and/or seat. In a more preferred embodiment, the frame comprises three pairs of actuators to move the seat. Preferably, the actuators are controlled by a digital controller that coordinates the actions of the actuators to thereby provide a smooth lifting and lower at the desired speed. More preferably, the controller is programmable, so that users can program the lifting and lowering of the seat to their preference. Even more preferably, the toilet includes a user identification module, so that the user is automatically identified as he or she approaches or sits on the toilet.

Referring toFIG. 1, an exemplary embodiment of a toilet is shown with a closed lid101, lowered foot platform120, and retracted handles210.FIG. 2shows the toilet with an open lid101, raised foot platform120, and extended handles210. In a preferred embodiment, handles210are adapted to be readily ripped by a user, especially while sitting or rising. In a preferred embodiment, the handles210move while the seat200is lowering and lifting a user to enable them to grip the handles210and use them for support during sitting and rising. The toilet is enclosed with a shroud400.

In various exemplary embodiments, the shroud400covers all the internal support components that comprise the frame as well as the bowl300(i.e., the bowl is covered except for the top that would be covered by a lid). In preferred embodiments, the shroud400comprises at least one sections of articulated or flexible (e.g., elastic, material) assembled such that the shroud400can contract or expand as the frame110moves the bowl300and/or seat200. Other sections of the shroud may be rigid. In various exemplary embodiments, the at least some portions of the shroud are removable or openable to allow access to the interior of the toilet frame. The interior of the toilet frame may include, among other things, plumbing connections, fluid supply lines, support structures, health and wellness assessment devices, electronic circuits, digital devices (e.g., processors, memory), storage tanks, and communication modules. In various preferred embodiments, cover102opens to allow access to the interior of the frame.

In various exemplary embodiments, the shrouds400are preferably designed for aesthetic and other purposes. For example, the shrouds400can be made in various colors to suit the décor of the bathroom the toilet is installed in. Besides colors, the shrouds400can include patterns or graphics so that the toilet100“makes a statement” in the bathroom.

In various exemplary embodiments, the handles210include at least one buttons, switches, sensors, etc. through which the user may control the seat, including, but not limited to, starting and stopping the seat200, reversing seat movement direction, adjusting the position or angle of the seat200, and adjusting the height of the bowl300, seat200, or foot platform120.

In various exemplary embodiments, the handles210may include at least one health and wellness sensors. The sensors may be used to measure how hard the user is gripping and provide feedback to the lift control. For example, if a user suddenly increases their grip it is likely that they are struggling with standing or with their balance. Grip pressure may also be tracked over time. The sensors may also include detection for heart rate, body temperature, hand health indicators, light sensors, electrocardiogram, pulse, blood test (e.g., using a finger prick), etc. Toilet handles with health and wellness sensors are disclosed in U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2018/0084959, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Referring toFIGS. 3 and 4, an exemplary embodiment of a toilet100is shown with various seat elevations. The toilet100includes a frame110, bowl300supported by the frame110, a lid101, and a seat200also supported by the frame110. In a preferred embodiment, the seat200is supported by two sets of seat actuators111,112, and113. In other embodiments, the number and arrangement of actuators may vary.

In a preferred embodiment, a pair of first seat actuators111are pivotally connected to a front area of the seat200and a pair of second seat actuators112are pivotally connected to a back area of the seat200providing support at four “corners” of the seat200. The four seat actuators111and112are also pivotally attached to the frame110. An additional pair of third seat actuators113are pivotally attached to the frame110at one end and pivotally attached to the second pair of seat actuators112at their other end. In another embodiment, the third seat actuators113are attached to the first pair of seat actuators111.

FIG. 3shows the toilet100with the seat200fully lowered to just above the top of the bowl300.FIG. 4shows the seat200adjusted to a greater height. This allows the seat to be adjusted for a variety of users from small children to tall adults.

Referring toFIG. 5, a bowl lift mechanism is used to elevate the bowl that includes at least one bowl actuator301. In preferred embodiments, the shroud400adapts to changes to the position of the bowl. In such an embodiment, the bowl may remain in fluid connection with the drain or may be closed off until it is lowered again. In some embodiments, the toilet may be lowered into the floor to create more space for the toilet's internal components. In preferred embodiments, the shroud400is made from an elastic material that stretches and contracts back into its original shape.

Referring toFIG. 6, an exemplary embodiment of a flexible tube310is illustrated in a lowered position. It is made of a series of rotatably connected “macaroni” shaped tubes311.FIG. 7shows the same tubing310in a raised position. The act of raising and lowering the bowl300with the plumbing attached could act as the flushing action. When the bowl300is lifted the tube310is straighter and empties everything into the sewer. When it lowers, it creates the standard p-trap with excess tube. The sections of tube311shaped like the “macaroni” could also be motorized at the joints and comprise at least part of the bowl lift mechanism.

Referring toFIGS. 8 and 8A, an exemplary embodiment of a floating toilet seat200according to the present disclosure is shown. The seat includes a rigid seat support201covered by a shroud202. Weight sensors203are placed between the seat support201and floating cover202. In various other embodiments, the weight sensors may be placed in a variety of places such as under the actuators or under the frame.

In various exemplary embodiments, the toilet continuously measures weight load on both the seat200and the foot platform120. In a preferred embodiment, the system weighs the user on the foot platform120prior to the user placing any weight against the seat200and records that as the user's total weight. In some embodiments, the system calculates a user total weight using both the seat weight sensors203and foot platform weight sensors121after the user seated with the seat200fully lowered. In various exemplary embodiments, the system calculates the percentage of user body weight on the foot platform120. The angle of the seat200is limited from raising based on the percentage of weight on the foot platform120. This prevents the seat200from tipping to an angle that will not support the user's weight prior to the user being on their feet.

In accordance with the present disclosure, a design for a seat200that can be easily added/removed from a toilet, seat topper, seat lifter, etc. is provided. This allows for easier installation of a new seat200to accommodate upgraded seats and/or seat sensors. Referring toFIG. 9, a powered quick disconnect mechanism is shown. The seat200is removed by pressing in on the spring-loaded button204. This moves the spring-loaded axle205out of the seat to allow the seat200to be removed. The electrical connector206automatically connects and disconnects with physical connection. The electrical connector206comprises a ring connector that maintains electrical connection throughout the seat's range of motion. This provides for electrical power and/or data connections to sensors in the seat.

Referring toFIG. 10, an exemplary embodiment of a toilet with a bowl300that floats on weight sensors302is shown. This design enables weighing excreta in the bowl300. In such embodiments, the bowl300does not support the seat200, lid101, or any other components of the toilet100. In various preferred embodiments, the weight sensors302are located between the bowl actuators301(seeFIG. 5) and the bowl300but may be located anywhere in the bowl support system (e.g., under the bowl actuators301). Once a user sits down and urinates and defecates, both are captured separately. The urine flows to its own receptacle, and the fecal matter sits on a shelf. The weight of the separated waste can be measured separately or together. If the weight is measured together, by measuring the volume of the urine, and assuming its density is equal to that of water, you can calculate the portion of the total weight that the urine is responsible for and thus calculate the weight of the fecal matter (all the remaining additional weight). With an additional sensor to estimate the size of the fecal matter, fecal density could be estimated.

In this embodiment, the bowl300has two first outlets305and306. Outlet305is adapted to receive feces. Outlet306is adapted to receive urine. Isolating and separating feces and urine facilitates preparing samples for analysis. Valves may be used to prevent exit of excreta prior to weighing. Other embodiments may contain more or fewer outlets. In various exemplary embodiments, any type of weight sensor302, such as pressure sensors and load cells, may be used to measure bowl weight.

In various exemplary embodiments, the bowl300has at least one outlet and each outlet is connected separately or together to a sewer line. The toilet100is connected to the sewer line using a seal that does not transfer any of the weight to the sewer line (e.g., a wiper seal).

Referring toFIG. 11A, a first exemplary embodiments of a mechanism for sealing the connection between the floating bowl and plumbing drain is shown. A first exemplary embodiment of an annular S-seal303maintains a gas-tight seal between a bowl outlet and the sewage system without providing any support for the weight of the seat.

Referring toFIG. 11B, a first exemplary embodiments of a mechanism for sealing the connection between the floating bowl and plumbing drain is shown. A second exemplary embodiment of an annular S-seal304maintains a gas-tight seal between a bowl outlet and the sewage system without providing any support for the weight of the seat, i.e. without interfering with weight measure through the bowl weight sensor. In various other exemplary embodiments, other non-weight bearing sealing mechanisms such as wiper seals or other sliding seals may be used. In various exemplary embodiments, excreta are retained in the system by valves in the outlets.

Referring toFIGS. 12A, 12B, 12C, and 13an exemplary embodiment of a bowl300adapted to separately collect feces and urine is shown. The bowl300comprises a feces collecting portion320and a urine collecting portion330separated by a raised hump340. As discussed in more detail below, various scans or tests may be performed on the feces on the portion320. In various exemplary embodiments, the bowl300includes one or more water jets to push feces off the portion320into feces outlet321. In various preferred exemplary embodiments, the fecal portion320includes a flat horizontal platform. However, in other embodiments, the fecal portion320may be flat or curved (convex or concave) and may be horizontal or slanted.

In various exemplary embodiments, the first feces outlet321is in fluid communication with a feces receptacle322. In various exemplary embodiments, the feces receptacle322retains the feces for further sampling, preparation, and/or testing prior to disposal of the feces through a second feces outlet323. Samples may be extracted from unprocessed feces or the feces may be comminuted prior to sample extraction. Testing may be performed in the feces receptacle322or elsewhere. In various exemplary embodiments, the feces receptacle320is supported by load cells such that the mass of the feces in the receptacle may be measured. In various exemplary embodiments, scans or tests are performed on the feces on the platform320and/or in the receptacle322to determine one or more properties of the feces including weight, color, consistency, volume, density, content, temperature, pH, size and shape, excretion profile, sounds, and gas or fumes.

In various exemplary embodiments, a known quantity of liquid may be added to the fecal receptacle320such that the feces are submerged. The total volume of feces and liquid is measured to determine the volume of feces (total volume minus added liquid volume) which is then used to determine fecal density.

In various exemplary embodiments, the first urine outlet331is in fluid communication with a urine receptacle332. In some embodiments, the urine is retained in the bowl for initial testing and released into the receptacle by a valve (not shown) for additional testing.

In various exemplary embodiments, the receptacle332is large in its vertical dimension relative to horizontal dimensions in order to facilitate gravimetric settling of the urine. In various exemplary embodiments, the urine receptacle332retains the urine for further sampling, preparation, and/or testing prior to disposal of the urine through a second urine outlet333. Samples may be extracted from unprocessed urine shortly after urination or after the urine has been allowed to sit and gravimetrically settle. Testing may be performed in the urine receptacle322or elsewhere. Samples may be extracted from the urine receptacle322at various locations (e.g., from the bottom, top, or between) after gravimetric settling has occurred.

In various exemplary embodiments, the urine is tested for a variety of properties including volume, flow rate, color, weight, density, content, temperature, clarity, pH, settled gradient, and flow geometry. This may be done with a variety of sensors or testing methods including MOS, CCD, spectrometers, volume measurement devices, weight sensors, temperature gauges, chromatographs, mass spectrometers, and gas analyzers.

Referring toFIG. 14, an alternative embodiment of a toilet bowl1300adapted to separately collect urine and feces is shown. The bowl1300includes a feces receptacle1322and urine drainage1330separated by a hump1340. In various exemplary embodiments, as discussed above, the bowl is supported by one or more load cells allowing for weighing excreta in the bowl. In the embodiment ofFIG. 14, the feces receptacle1322is supported by load cells separately from the bowl1300allowing for separate weighing of feces and urine.

Referring toFIG. 15, shows an exemplary embodiment of a feces platform2320for use in the bowl2300of an analytical toilet. In this embodiment, at least a portion of the platform2320is transparent. One or more sensors2324, imaging sensors2325, or light sources2326. In various exemplary embodiments, the one or more imaging sensor2325is one or more of, but not limited to, CCD (charge-coupled device) or MOS (metal oxide semiconductor), including CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor), IR (infrared) detector, near IR detector, and visible light detectors. In various exemplary embodiments, the light source2326emits visible and/or non-visible light across one or more ranges of wavelengths as appropriate for any particular detection method (e.g., spectrometry). In various exemplary embodiments, the sensor2324is one or more of, but not limited to, CCD, MOS/CMOS, spectrometers, chromatographs, FET, nanoFET, MOSFET, mass spectrometers, electrodes, microphones, load cells, pressure gauges, PPG, thermometers (including IR and thermocouples), rheometers, durometers, pH detectors, and scent detectors.

Referring toFIG. 16, an exemplary embodiment of an analytical toilet3100is shown. The seat3200includes one or more health and wellness sensors3207. The lid3101includes one or more sensors3102. The sensors3102may interact with the user's back while using the toilet, as shown inFIG. 17, or may be collecting data with the lid3101closed. The interior of the bowl3300may be illuminated with visual, infrared, near infrared, ultraviolet, or other wavelengths by light sources3103.

In various exemplary embodiments, the lid3101includes a seal3104that forms an airtight seal creating an airtight chamber including the bowl3300. In such embodiments, the toilet may include sensors for testing the air in the chamber and/or passages for drawing air out of the chamber for testing elsewhere in the system. Such sensors or tests may include electrocardiography, CCD, MOS/CMOS, spectrometers, chromatographs, FET, nanoFET, MOSFET, mass spectrometers, electrodes, microphones, load cells, pressure gauges, PPG, thermometers (including IR and thermocouples), rheometers, durometers, pH detectors, and scent detectors.

Referring toFIG. 18, an exemplary embodiment of a toilet bowl4300that includes a visual display4301is shown. The display4301may include health and wellness data, health and wellness trend indicators, images, and combinations thereof. Data and trends may include alphanumeric information and color-coded information (e.g., red for negative trends and green for positive trends). The display4301may include images for conveying information or for children (e.g., potty training).

In various exemplary embodiments, urine and feces are separated into different collection basins for independent weighing and/or other analysis. In various exemplary embodiments, cameras estimate the volume of the fecal matter and use the estimated volume to estimate density.

In various exemplary embodiments, the toilet is capable of determining the total weight of excreta and the separate weights of solids and liquids. For example, weight may be measured after completion of an excreta event. Liquids may be allowed to exit the bowl and a new weight measurement taken of the remaining solids. The difference in weight provides the weight of liquid excreta. Alternatively, the urine may be drained off at a known flow rate or through a flow meter to measure urine volume leaving only solids to be weighed.

In various exemplary embodiments, a default position for the bowl and/or seat may be selected by the user. In such embodiments, the system will return to this position after being used by someone with a different preferred or optimal position. In various exemplary embodiments, the smart toilet may be programmed with separate default configurations for children and adults.

Preferably, the actuators are controlled by a digital controller that coordinates the actions of the actuators to thereby provide a smooth lifting and lower at the desired speed. More preferably, the controller is programmable, so that users can program the lifting and lowering of the seat to their preference. Even more preferably, the toilet includes a user identification module, so that the user is automatically identified as he or she approaches or sits on the toilet.

In accordance with the present disclosure, a smart toilet that includes mechanical, hydraulic, power, and data connections to accommodate a combination of health measuring tools is provided. An electrical connection to provide power to the health measuring tools is also provided.

In various exemplary embodiments, the smart toilet includes at least one sensor that analyzes imaging data. A processor analyzes the data to attempt to compare the user to known users for identification purposes. If a known user is identified, the position of the bowl and/or seat is automatically adjusted to the preferred position of the user. If the user is unknown or does not have a record preferred position, the processor analyzes the physical characteristics of the user (e.g., height, waist height, length of upper and lower legs) and adjusts the position of the bowl and/or seat accordingly. In some embodiments, facial recognition is used to identify users.

In various preferred embodiments, the system may identify a user based on their face, hand, or foot. In various preferred embodiments, the sensor may include a CCD (charge-coupled device) or MOS (metal oxide semiconductor), including CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor). The sensor can be used, with proper calibration such as taking the data at a known distance, to measure the length of major bones. This data can then be used to customize the toiler position for an unknown user.

In various exemplary embodiments, the toilet system includes sensors for measuring the user's weight. This includes separate sensors for determining user weight on the seat and user weight on the user's feet. The user's weight that is supported by their feet is preferably measured using a platform adjacent to the toilet on which the user's feet are placed while sitting and while being lowered or raised from the toilet.

In the preferred embodiments, the toilet also includes health assessment devices supported by the frame. Examples of such devices include imaging cameras, flow spectrometers, volume measurement devices, body weight sensors, and gas analyzers. Toilets with such devices are described in the patents and published applications cited in the Background section above.

In various exemplary embodiments, the seat and bowl may be lifted together such that the toilet may be used as a urinal. In such a configuration, the system may be designed to flush with a reduced volume of water.

All patents, published patent applications, and other publications referred to herein are incorporated herein by reference. The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. Nevertheless, it is understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.