Systems and methods for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of medicament injections

Systems and methods for communicating a dose history configured for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen. Past records are obtained from insulin pens applying the treatment regimen. Each record specifies an amount and type of medicament injected, the type being one of a blood glucose regulating medicament, and a timestamp. Assigning single-shape polygons (231) to each record, wherein single-shape polygons (231) is configured for visualizing a polygon (261) with a two-dimensional shape, in a displayed mode. The single-shape polygons are used to create a set of multi-shape data structures comprising corresponding multi-shape polygons (244), configured for visualizing a polygon (265) with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode (260). The multi-shape polygons are configured to be displayed with an increasing intensity, depending on the number of overlapping single-shape polygons used to define the multi-shape polygon. The method also comprises communicating display data (247), comprising (i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and (ii) the set of multi-shape data structures (240).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 National Stage application of International Application PCT/EP2017/073850 (WO 2018/060036), filed Sep. 21, 2017, which claims priority to European Patent Application 16191727.3, filed Sep. 30, 2016, the contents of all above-named applications are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for communicating a dose history configured for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen.

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by progressive disruption of normal physiologic insulin secretion. In healthy individuals, basal insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells occurs continuously to maintain steady glucose levels for extended periods between meals. Also in healthy individuals, there is prandial secretion in which insulin is rapidly released in an initial first-phase spike in response to a meal, followed by prolonged insulin secretion that returns to basal levels after 2-3 hours.

Insulin is a hormone that binds to insulin receptors to lower blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids into skeletal muscle and fat and by inhibiting the output of glucose from the liver. In normal healthy individuals, physiologic basal and prandial insulin secretions maintain euglycemia, which affects fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. Basal and prandial insulin secretion is impaired in Type 2 diabetes and early post-meal response is absent. To address these adverse events, subjects with Type 2 diabetes are provided with insulin medicament treatment regimens. Subjects with Type 1 diabetes are also provided with insulin medicament treatment regimens. The goal of these insulin medicament treatment regimens is to maintain a desired fasting blood glucose target level that will minimize estimated risk of hypo- and hyper-glycaemia. In recent years subjects with Type 2 diabetes have also been treated with liraglutide, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, as an injectable prescription medicine that may regulate and improve blood sugar, and it should be used along with diet and exercise.

Traditional insulin medicament delivery systems have included the use of pump systems that provide a frequent recurrent dosage of insulin medicament. Additional types of delivery systems have been developed, such as insulin pens, which can be used to self-administer insulin medicament treatment regimens in the form of less frequent insulin medicament injections or injections with other types of blood glucose regulating medicaments. A common approach to Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes using such delivery systems is to inject a single short acting insulin medicament (bolus) dosage in a prescribed insulin regimen for the subject in response to or in anticipation of a meal event. In such approaches, the subject injects the short acting insulin medicament dosage shortly before or after one or more meals each day to lower glucose levels resulting from such meals.

A recent development for injection devices, is the development injector systems which are capable of storing dose history (dose size and time), and subsequently sending historical dose data to a mobile phone or computer system. There is a need to effectively visualize this data. The data can be visualized in combination with historical glucose data, in order to draw conclusions about the appropriateness of the dose regimen for desired glucose control.

A common method of representation of glucose data for viewing by a health care provider or patient is the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP), which was developed by clinicians to demonstrate the median level of glucose control as well as an index of variability in control at each hour of a “standard day.” The ability to show both an average glucose value, as well as variability, is an important element of AGP. If the average glucose is higher than the target range, but the variability is also very high, it may be dangerous to address tis by simply increasing insulin dose size, as hypoglycaemia could result. Furthermore, it is known that the existence of high variability in blood glucose can be detrimental, even with an average within range. US 2014/0206970 discloses a method of generating an ambulatory glucose profile window including a graphical display of the glucose data across a modal day.

The visual display presents a modal day (also called standard day, average day) in which all collected data over multiple days are collapsed and plotted according to time (without regard to date) as if they occurred over 24 h, starting and ending at midnight. Smoothed curves representing the median (50th), 25th, and 75th (IQR) and 10th and 90th frequency percentiles define the 24 h AGP, as further described in Journal Diabetes Science Technology, March 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2: pages 562-578.

While clinicians can use this type of visualized data to make some conclusions about the suitability of the current insulin regime being used by the patient, the glucose curve is the output of a number of inputs. An important input, for a diabetic patient, is injections with blood glucose regulating medicaments.

Doug Kanter represented in a final project for the Data Representation class at ITP, an insulin on board profile showing the accumulated insulin on board delivered by an insulin pump and the corresponding glucose data. The project was published on:

https://dougkanter.wordpress.com/2012/05/14/insulin-on-board-data-rep-final-project/. The link was retrieved on 29 Sep. 2016.

Medtronic represented in a Report Reference Guide for CareLink pro, which is a therapy management software for diabetes, that the basal and the bolus infusion rate can be shown along with glucose data. The software is developed for handling insulin data from a pump.

The guide was published on:

https://www.medtronicdiabetes.com/sites/defauIt/files/library/download-library/user-guides/carelink-v3_0/en_carelink_pro_report_ref_guide.pdf. The link was retrieved on 29 Sep. 2016.

WO 2015/047570 discloses a system for delivering and recording a dose of a medicament to a patient, WO 2016/007935 discloses methods, systems and devices for administering a medicament to a patient. The system includes an injection pen device in wireless communication with a mobile communication device. The device comprises an electronics unit in communication with a sensor unit to process a detected dispensed dose and time data associated with a dispensing event, and to wirelessly transmit the dose data to a user's device. The mobile communication device provides a software application to provide the user with health information using the processed data.

EP 2774641 B1 discloses an arrangement for administering a selected dosage of insulin. The arrangement comprises a sensor for contactless sensing of an adjusted dose. US 2013/0079727 discloses an application assembly comprising means for determining and registering the time and/or date and means for determining the selected and administered dosage. The date and/or the time may be transmitted to a receiver by means of a transmitter together with the signal of the applied amount of the medicament. The transmission can e.g. be via Bluetooth to a cell phone. The assembly may be provided with a display for showing warnings, transmission data, status information and the like. This facilitates the handling.

US 2006/0272652 identifies a need to provide both diabetes patients and medical professionals with an interactive visual teaching tool that illustrates the effects of certain intakes and events on blood glucose levels and present this information in an easy-to-read and understandable user format. The document discloses a screen where a doctor manipulate and view screen has been displayed. The doctor manipulate and view screen includes an insulin delivery graph, a carbohydrate ingested graph, and a blood glucose level graph. The timeframe graphed in the doctors manipulate and view screen being in a modal mode is one day. Each of the days having readings displayed in the doctor manipulate and view screen are displayed in a different color or with a different width/typeface. Illustratively, one line represents Monday, a second line represents Tuesday, and a third line represents Wednesday. This view allows a doctor utilizing the virtual patient software to see multiple days of readings for a specific patient and to determine if a time frame specific problem is occurring. The insulin delivery graph is illustrated by rectangles indicating time of injection and magnitude of injected medicament.

WO 2016/019192 discloses an electronic insulin delivery device receiving glucose data from a glucose monitor and sets a bolus dose amount. The device may take the form of an insulin pen with automatic priming and accurate dosing provided by a motor in connection with an encoder. The device may communicate with and be controlled by a smart phone device. The smart phone device provides a user interface to receive user data including patient weight, insulin to carbohydrate ratio and exercise factor, and to send instructions to the device, including dose amount. The dose amount is determined taking into account glucose level and trend, and other factors. The delivery device may be in continuous communication with the glucose monitor and smart phone to provide for near real-time adjustments in glucose treatment. Glucose data, insulin injection data, and other relevant data may be stored and accessible to interested parties.

US 2014/0068487 discloses methods for visualizing correlations between blood glucose data and events. The methods and apparatus can include presenting an event analysis window on a display communicatively coupled to one or more processors. The event analysis window can include an event type control positioned within the event analysis window and a graphical window positioned within the event analysis window. A plurality of continuous glucose monitoring traces can be plotted within the graphical window. Bolus icons each indicative of a bolus amount and a bolus time can be presented within the event analysis window. Each of the bolus icons can include a bolus indication object that is aligned with the bolus ordinate axis within the graphical window, a bolus time indication object that is aligned with the time abscissa axis within in the graphical window, and a bolus symbol that is presented outside of the graphical window.

Having regard to the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device, a system and a method to facilitate extraction, structuring and communication of technical information on how the automatically obtained events are distributed, and thereby enabling the communication of a dose history configured for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of automatically obtain injection events with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen, and thereby improving the possibility of understanding how the treatment regimen is applied.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a device or a system and a method for, in combination with a dose history, further communicating glucose measurements of the subject, and thereby improving the possibility of understanding the relation between glucose data and the distribution of injection event within a time period.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a device or a system and a method for, in combination with a dose history, further communicating a life-style event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of life-style related events within the time course, which the subject has engaged in, and thereby improving the possibilities of understanding the relation between the events the subject engages in.

SUMMARY

In the disclosure of the present invention, embodiments and aspects will be described, which will address one or more of the above objects or which will address objects apparent from the below disclosure as well as from the description of exemplary embodiments.

In a first aspect is provided, a device for communicating a dose history configured for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen;the device comprises one or more processors and a memory, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform a method of:obtaining a first data set from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records taken over a time course, each respective medicament record in the plurality of medicament records comprising:(i) a respective medicament injection event including an amount of medicament injected into the subject using a respective injection device in the one or more injection devices,(ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event;wherein each of the medicament records are assigned:a corresponding single-shape data structure, configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode, wherein the single-shape data structure comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon is configured to be displayed with:a first length extending in the first dimension, and with first a coordinate according to the first dimension, wherein (i) the first length is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the first length is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event is still active, anda second length extending in the second dimension, and with a second coordinate according to the second dimension, wherein (i) the second length is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the second length is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament, or (iii) wherein the second length is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator, configured for displaying a first visual property of the single-shape polygon, in the displayed mode;creating a plurality of consecutive time windows within the time course, wherein each time window is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window, creating a set of medicament records, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of medicament records, wherein each respective set of medicament records comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set, and wherein each respective medicament record within the respective set of medicament records have a timestamp in the respective time window;for each respective medicament record, within each set of medicament records of the plurality of sets of medicament records, assigning a corresponding relative time being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of medicament records represents the distribution of injections;for each respective set of medicament records, superimposing the single-shape polygon from each of the medicament records in the respective set of medicament records, wherein the single-shape polygon is superimposed according to the first dimension being the relative time and the second dimension being the amount of injected medicament, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape polygons may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons:creating a set of multi-shape data structures, comprising a number of multi-shape data structures configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode,for each multi-shape data structure:(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures,(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape and according to the first and the second dimension, in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape polygon is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures,(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset, being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons,(iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator, configured for displaying the first visual property of the multi-shape polygon, in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset; andcommunicating display data, wherein the display data comprises:(i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and(ii) the set of multi-shape data structures; and wherein
the communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the dose history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections.

Hereby is provided a multi-shape data structure comprising the functional data structuring the technically extracted information of how the automatically obtained timestamps are distributed, and thereby enabling the technical information to be communicated in a structured way. The multi-shape data structure comprising a multi-shape polygon can be calculated independently of any cognitive content of the single-shape polygons, as the coordinates and the form of the single-shape polygons are automatically provided. The multi-shape data structure can be calculated in order to enable the internal operation of the device with a view to facilitate extraction, structuring and communication of technical information irrespective of the cognitive information that it also provides, i.e., the technical information or data is communicated in the form of a data structure, and it can be communicated to the subject or the user irrespective of the cognitive content and whether the cognitive content is perceived by the subject or the user. In order to describe the significance between the technical information and the cognitive content of the data, it is believed that the cognitive content of the data structure, probably, only will be perceived by the subject when it is graphically interpreted on a display in the form of single-shape and multi-shape polygons, which also visually illustrates the technically determined intensity indicators. The time stamped event specifying the amount of blood glucose regulating medicament is automatically obtained in the sense, that the subject or user of the injection device is not required to perform an active step in order to obtain an electronic or digital time stamp and/or an electronic or digital amount of blood glucose regulating medicament. These data are automatically generated by the injection device upon application of injection, i.e., the injection is applied by the subject or user in order to expel an amount of medicament, but the generation of data is provided irrespective of the users intention, when he or she uses the device. By this technical configuration is provided a device or a system for communicating a dose history for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen. In this way a user with the present device will be able to identify an average of the distribution by identified the position for the most intensely represented polygons, and at the same time he will be able to identify the variation by looking at the relative distance from individual polygons to the center of the most intensely represented polygons.

As appears the single-shape polygon is configured to be displayed with a first length extending in the first dimension, and a second length extending in the second dimension. In some alternatives the first length is having a fixed value, and in other alternatives, the first length is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event is still active. In this case the duration can have a begin time stamp and an end time stamp indicating the active period of the medicament. Similarly, in some alternatives the second length extending in the second dimension, is having a fixed value or is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament or an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament. In embodiments, where the first length is variable and the second length is variable and represents the amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament, polygons overlapping within the time course can furthermore be aggregated in order to represent the total insulin on board.

In a further aspect, the memory is storing a medicament duration of action profile for the blood glucose regulating medicament that is characterized by a duration of the blood glucose regulating medicament. The duration of action profile may be used by the processor for estimating the first length of the single shape polygon, when the first length is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event is still active. Similarly, the duration of action profile may be used for estimating the second length, in the case where it is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament.

In some alternatives the treatment regimen comprises a bolus insulin medicament dosage regimen with a short acting insulin medicament and a basal insulin medicament dosage regimen with a long acting insulin medicament.

In a further aspect of the invention, the device further comprises a display, and the step of communicating display data further comprises: displaying the display data in a first coordinate system on the display, wherein a first coordinate axis is defined by the first dimension, and the second coordinate axis is defined by the second dimension. Each respective medicament record, in each respective set of medicament records, in each of the plurality of sets of medicament records, is displayed by arranging the corresponding single-shape polygon in the first coordinate system according to the corresponding relative time and the corresponding amount of medicament, and the visual property of the single-shape polygon has been defined by the corresponding first intensity indicator. In addition, each respective multi-shape data structure, in the set of multi-shape data structures, is displayed by arranging the corresponding multi-shape polygon in the first coordinate system, according to a position defined by the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, and wherein the first visual property of the multi-shape polygon has been defined by the corresponding second intensity indicator.

Hereby is provided dose history communication device, which enables the user to view the communication of the device display.

In a further aspect, each respective medicament record in the plurality of medicament records further comprises: a corresponding type of medicament injected into the subject. In addition, the single-shape data structure corresponding to the respective medicament record further comprises a corresponding type of medicament indicator, configured for displaying a second visual property of the single-shape polygon, and thereby indicating the type of medicament injected into the subject. Furthermore, each of the single-shape data structures within the corresponding subset of single-shape data structures are having the same type of medicament indicator, thereby indicating that they relate to injections with the same type of medicament. In addition, each multi-shape data structure within the set of multi-shape data structures further comprises a second type of medicament indicator defined by the type of medicament indicator of the corresponding subset of single-shape data structures, and wherein the second type of medicament indicator, is configured for displaying the second visual property of the multi-shape polygon, and thereby indicating the type of medicament injected into the subject, whereby the set of multi-shape data structures is further configured for representing distributions relating to injections with different types of medicament.

Hereby, is provided display data that enables a user to view injections with different type of drugs in a consistent way.

In a further aspect, the device further comprises a display, and the step of communicating display data further comprises: displaying the display data in a first coordinate system on the display, wherein a first coordinate axis is defined by the first dimension, and the second coordinate axis is defined by the second dimension. In addition, each respective medicament record, in each respective set of medicament records, in the plurality of sets of medicament records, is displayed by arranging each of the single-shape polygons corresponding to the respective medicament record in the coordinate system according to the corresponding relative time and the corresponding amount of medicament, and wherein the first visual appearance has been defined by the first intensity indicator and the second visual appearance has been defined by the first type of medicament indicator, wherein both indicators are corresponding to the respective medicament record. Furthermore, each respective multi-shape data structure, in the set of multi-shape data structures, is displayed by arranging each of the multi-shape polygons corresponding to the respective multi-shape data structure in the coordinate system, according to a position defined by the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, and wherein the first visual appearance has been defined by the second intensity indicator and the second visual appearance has been defined by the second type of medicament indicator.

Hereby is provided dose history communication device, which enables the user to view the communicated display data on the device display, and wherein the communication can be viewed for different types of medicaments.

In a further aspect, the display further comprises a second coordinate system comprising a first axis and a second axis, and wherein the second coordinate system represents an average and a variability of a distribution based on glucose data obtained within the time course. In addition, for the first coordinate system, the second axis represents the amount of injected medicament, and wherein, for the second coordinate system, the second axis represents a blood glucose concentration. Furthermore, the first axis of both coordinate systems represent the time and are defined within the interval defined by the time window, and the first axis of both coordinate systems have been arranged in parallel on top of each other or with an off-set in the direction of the second axis. In addition, the second axis of both coordinate systems have been arranged in parallel.

Hereby is provided a dose history communication device, which enables the user to view the communication on the device display, and wherein the display allows a user to observe correlations between the distribution of injections and blood glucose measurements.

For some alternatives the single-shape polygon is configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape defining a circle, and wherein the second length is having a fixed value.

In a further aspect the method further comprises: obtaining a second data set, wherein the second data set comprises a plurality of autonomous glucose measurements of the subject within the time course and, for each respective autonomous glucose measurement in the plurality of autonomous glucose measurements, a glucose measurement timestamp representing when the respective measurement was made; andfor each respective time window, creating a set of glucose measurements, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of glucose measurements, and wherein each glucose measurement within the respective set of glucose measurements have a timestamp in the respective time window;for each respective glucose measurement, associating a corresponding relative time being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of glucose measurements are representing a distribution of glucose measurements within the time window;calculating, for the plurality of sets of glucose measurements, the average and the variability as a function of the relative time,
wherein the display data further comprises the plurality of sets of glucose measurements, the corresponding relative time, and the calculated average and the variability as a function of the relative time.

In a further aspect, the dose history communication device is further adapted for communicating a life-style event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of life-style related events within the time course, which the subject has engaged in, wherein the method further comprises:obtaining a third data set from one or more wearable life-style measurement devices used by the subject to acquire life-style data, the third data set comprises a plurality of life-style data records over the time course, each respective life-style data record in the plurality of life-style data records comprises:(i) a respective life-style event,(ii) a corresponding electronic life-style event timestamp within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective life-style measurement device upon occurrence of the respective life-style related event, or by user actuation of the respective life-style measurement device, or a begin timestamp and an end timestamp indicating the beginning and the ending time of the life-style event engaged in by the subject;wherein each of the life-style data records are assigned:a corresponding single-shape life-style data structure, configured for representing a single event in the distribution of life-style related events, wherein the single-shape life-style data structure comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape life-style polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape life-style polygon is configured to be displayed with:a first length extending in the first dimension, wherein the first length is having a fixed value, or is representing a duration of the life-style event the subject engaged in based on a response to an indication of that a begin time stamp and an end timestamp has been recorded, anda second length extending in the second dimension;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator, configured fordisplaying a first visual property of a single-shape life-style polygon, in the displayed mode; for each respective time window, creating a set of life-style data records, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of life-style data records, wherein each respective set of life-style data records comprises a number of life-style data records from the third data set, and wherein each respective life-style data record within the respective set of life-style data records have a life-style event timestamp in the respective time window;for each respective life-style data record, within each set of life-style data records of the plurality of sets of life-style data records, assigning a corresponding relative life-style time being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of life-style data records represents the distribution of life-style related events;for each respective set of life-style data records, superimposing the single-shape life-style polygon from each of the life-style data records in the respective set of life-style data records, wherein the single-shape life-style polygon is superimposed according to the first and the second dimension, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape life-style polygons may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape life-style polygons:creating a set of multi-shape life-style data structures, configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of life-style related events, in a displayed mode,for each multi-shape life-style data structure:(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape life-style polygons, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape life-style polygons define a corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures,(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape life-style polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape life-style polygon is defined by the overlap between single-shape life-style polygons of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape life-style data structures,(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset, being the sum of overlapping single-shape life-style data structures in the subset of overlapping single shape life-style polygons,(iv) calculating a corresponding second life-style intensity indicator, configured for displaying a first visual property of the multi-shape life-style polygon, in the displayed mode, wherein the second life-style intensity indicator is an increasing function of the number of single-shape life-style polygons. The display data further comprises: the plurality of sets of life-style data records, and the set of multi-shape life-style data structures (340). The communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the life-style event history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the life-style related events.

In a further aspect, each of the life-style data records in the plurality of life-style data records further comprises: a quantity of impact representing the influence imposed by the life-style event on the subject's blood glucose level. In addition, the corresponding single-shape life-style polygon is further configured to be displayed with: a second length extending in the second dimension, wherein the second length is having a fixed value or is variable and represents the quantity of impact representing the influence on the subject's blood glucose level, whereby the set of multi-shape life-style data structures is further configured for representing distributions relating to quantifiable life-style events.

In a further aspect, each of the life-style data records in the plurality of life-style data records further comprises: a corresponding type of life-style event representing the type of event the subject engaged in. In addition, the corresponding single-shape life-style data structure further comprises: a corresponding first type of life-style event indicator, configured for displaying a second visual property of the single-shape life-style polygon, and thereby indicating the type of life-style event engaged in by the subject. Each of the single-shape life-style data structures within the corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures are having the same type of life-style event indicator, thereby indicating that they relate to the same type of life-style event engaged in by the subject. Each multi-shape life-style data structure within the set of multi-shape life-style data structures further comprises a second life-style event indicator defined by the type of life-style event indicator of the corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures. The second type of life-style event indicator, is configured for displaying a second visual property of the multi-shape life-style polygon, and thereby indicating the type of life-style event, which the subject has engaged in, whereby the set of multi-shape life-style data structure is further configured for representing distributions relating to different types of life-style events.

Hereby, is provided display data that enables a user to view a distribution of injections along with distributions of other events that may influence the blood glucose level.

In some alternatives the treatment regimen comprises a GLP-1 receptor agonist dosage regimen, with a medicament comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

In a further aspect the invention relates to a method for communicating a dose event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen:using a device comprising one or more processors and a memory, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform a method of:obtaining a first data set from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records over a time course, each respective medicament record in the plurality of medicament records comprising:(i) a respective medicament injection event including an amount of medicament injected into the subject using a respective injection device in the one or more injection devices,(ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event;wherein each of the medicament records are assigned:a corresponding single-shape data structure, configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode, wherein the single-shape data structure comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon is configured to be displayed with:a first length extending in the first dimension, wherein the first length is having a fixed value, anda second length extending in the second dimension, wherein the second length is having a fixed value or is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator, configured for displaying a first visual property of the single-shape polygon, in the displayed mode;creating a plurality of consecutive time windows within the time course, wherein each time window is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window, creating a set of medicament records, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of medicament records, wherein each respective set of medicament records comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set, and wherein each respective medicament record (222) within the respective set of medicament records have a timestamp in the respective time window;for each respective medicament record, within each set of medicament records of the plurality of sets of medicament records, assigning a corresponding relative time being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of medicament records represents the distribution of injections;for each respective set of medicament records, superimposing the single-shape polygon from each of the medicament records in the respective set of medicament records, wherein the single-shape polygon is superimposed according to the first and the second dimension, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape polygons may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons:creating a set of multi-shape data structures, comprising a number of multi-shape data structures configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode,for each multi-shape data structure:(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures,(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape polygon is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures,(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset, being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons,(iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator, configured for displaying the first visual property of the multi-shape polygon, in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset; andcommunicating display data, wherein the display data comprises:(i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and(ii) the set of multi-shape data structures; and wherein
the communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the dose history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections.

In a further aspect is provided a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the method of:obtaining a first data set from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records taken over a time course, each respective medicament record in the plurality of medicament records comprising:(i) a respective medicament injection event including an amount of medicament injected into the subject using a respective injection device in the one or more injection devices,(ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event;wherein each of the medicament records are assigned:a corresponding single-shape data structure, configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode, wherein the single-shape data structure comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon is configured to be displayed with:a first length extending in the first dimension, and with first a coordinate according to the first dimension, wherein (i) the first length is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the first length is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event is still active, anda second length extending in the second dimension, and with a second coordinate according to the second dimension, wherein (i) the second length is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the second length is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament, or (iii) wherein the second length is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator, configured for displaying a first visual property of the single-shape polygon, in the displayed mode;creating a plurality of consecutive time windows within the time course, wherein each time window is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window, creating a set of medicament records, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of medicament records, wherein each respective set of medicament records comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set, and wherein each respective medicament record within the respective set of medicament records have a timestamp in the respective time window;for each respective medicament record, within each set of medicament records of the plurality of sets of medicament records, assigning a corresponding relative time being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of medicament records represents the distribution of injections;for each respective set of medicament records, superimposing the single-shape polygon from each of the medicament records in the respective set of medicament records, wherein the single-shape polygon is superimposed according to the first dimension being the relative time and the second dimension being the amount of injected medicament, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape polygons may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons:creating a set of multi-shape data structures, comprising a number of multi-shape data structures configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode,for each multi-shape data structure:(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures,(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape and according to the first and the second dimension, in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape polygon is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures,(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset, being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons,(iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator, configured for displaying the first visual property of the multi-shape polygon, in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset; andcommunicating display data, wherein the display data comprises:(i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and(ii) the set of multi-shape data structures; and wherein
the communication is directed to a display.

In a further aspect is provided a computer-readable data carrier having stored thereon the computer program as described above.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure relies upon the acquisition of a data set comprising a plurality of blood glucose regulating medicament records taken over a time course. Each respective blood glucose regulating medicament record in the plurality of blood glucose regulating medicament records comprises (i) a respective blood glucose regulating medicament injection event including an amount of blood glucose regulating medicament injected into a subject using a respective injection device in a set of one or more injection devices, and (ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective blood glucose regulating medicament injection event.

FIG. 1illustrates an example of an integrated system502for the acquisition of such data. The integrated system502includes one or more connected injection devices104, one or more glucose sensors102, one or more wearable life-style measurement devices (103), memory (not shown), and a processor (not shown). In some embodiments, a glucose sensor102is a continuous glucose monitor. In some embodiments, a continuous glucose monitor will be able to timestamp a life-style event, e.g. meal ingestion or fasting period, which the subject engaged in, and therefore it can for this purpose be regarded as wearable a life-style measurement device.

With the integrated system502, data from the one or more connected injection devices104, used to apply a treatment regimen to the subject, is obtained as a plurality of insulin medicament records. Each insulin medicament record comprises a timestamped event specifying an amount of injected blood glucose regulating medicament that the subject received as part of the treatment regimen. The time stamped event specifying the amount of blood glucose regulating medicament is automatically obtained in the sense, that the subject or user of the injection device is not required to perform an active step in order to obtain an electronic or digital time stamp and/or an electronic or digital amount of blood glucose regulating medicament. These data are automatically generated by the injection device upon application of injection, i.e., the injection is applied by the subject or user in order to expel an amount of medicament, but the generation of data is provided irrespective of the users intention, when he or she uses the device. Also, in some embodiments, autonomous timestamped glucose measurements of the subject are obtained. In such embodiments, the autonomous glucose measurements are filtered and stored in non-transitory memory. The plurality of blood glucose regulating medicament records of the subject taken over a time course are used to provide a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of the injections applied by the subject. In this way, the blood glucose medicament records are retrieved and communicated in accordance with the methods of the present disclosure.

It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first subject could be termed a second subject, and, similarly, a second subject could be termed a first subject, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The first subject and the second subject are both subjects, but they are not the same subject. Furthermore, the terms “subject,” “user,” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein. By the term insulin pen is meant an injection device suitable for applying discrete doses of insulin, where the injection device is adapted for logging and communicating dose related data.

A detailed description of a system48, for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament in accordance with the present disclosure, is described in conjunction withFIGS. 1 through 3. As such,FIGS. 1 through 3collectively illustrate the topology of the system in accordance with the present disclosure. In the topology, there is a dose history communication device (250) communicating injections performed by a subject who has applied a treatment regimen (206) within a time course (FIGS. 1, 2, and 3), a device for data collection (“data collection device200”), one or more injection devices104for injecting medicaments into the subject, and optionally one or more glucose sensors102associated with the subject. Throughout the present disclosure, the data collection device200and the dose history communication device250will be referenced as separate devices solely for purposes of clarity. That is, the disclosed functionality of the data collection device200and the disclosed functionality of the dose history communication device250are contained in separate devices as illustrated inFIG. 1. However, it will be appreciated that, in fact, in some embodiments, the disclosed functionality of the data collection device200and the disclosed functionality of the dose history communication device250are contained in a single device. In some embodiments, the disclosed functionality of the data collection device200and/or the disclosed functionality of the dose history communication device250are contained in a single device and this single device is a smart phone.

Referring toFIG. 3B, in some embodiments, the treatment regimen (206) comprises a bolus insulin medicament dosage regimen (208) with a short acting insulin medicament (210) or a basal insulin medicament dosage regimen (212) with a long acting insulin medicament (214). In some embodiment the treatment regimen may also comprise a dosage regimen with a medicament comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist (216) as liraglutide or semaglutide.

Referring toFIG. 1, the dose history communication device250communicates a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections applied by the subject. To do this, the data collection device200, which is in electrical communication with the dose history communication device250, receives a plurality of blood glucose regulating medicament records over a time course, each record comprising (i) a blood glucose regulating medicament injection event including an amount of insulin medicament injected into the subject using a respective injection device104in the one or more injection devices, (ii) a respective type of blood glucose regulating medicament (if more than one medicament is applied) injected into the subject from one of short (210) and long acting insulin medicament (214), and alternatively also a medicament comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist (218), and (iii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp that is generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the blood glucose regulating medicament injection event. In some embodiments, the data collection device200also receives glucose measurements from one or more glucose sensors (e.g., continuous glucose monitors/sensors)102used by the subject to measure glucose levels. In some embodiments, the data collection device200receives such data directly from the injection devices104and/or glucose sensor(s)102and/or wearable life-style measurement device (103) used by the subject. For instance, in some embodiments, the data collection device200receives this data wirelessly through radio-frequency signals. In some embodiments, such signals are in accordance with an 802.11 (WiFi), Bluetooth, or ZigBee standard. In some embodiments, the data collection device200receives such data directly, analyzes the data, and passes the analyzed data to the dose history communication device250. In some embodiments, an injection device104, which can be an insulin pen, and/or a glucose sensor102, and or wearable life-style measurement device (103) includes an RFID tag and communicates to the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250using RFID communication. In some embodiments, the data collection device200also receives life-style related event measurements from one or more wearable life-style measurement devices (e.g., meal ingestion sensor measuring a swallowing action, accelerometer measuring exercise etc.) (103) used by the subject to measure the occurrence of a life-style event, the beginning or the ending of such an event and/or to quantify how much the event may affect the blood glucose level of the subject. In some embodiments, the life style measurement device may also generate physiological measurements of the subject (e.g., from wearable physiological measurement devices, or from measurement devices within the data collection device200such as a thermometer, etc.).

In some embodiments, the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250is not proximate to the subject and/or does not have wireless capabilities or such wireless capabilities are not used for the purpose of acquiring medicament injection data, autonomous glucose data, and/or life-style related measurement data. In such embodiments, a communication network106may be used to communicate insulin medicament injection data from the one or more injection devices104to the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250, and/or autonomous glucose measurements from the glucose sensor102to the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250, and/or life-style related event data from one or more life-style measurement devices to the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250.

Examples of networks106include, but are not limited to, the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250is part of an insulin pen. That is, in some embodiments, the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250and an injection device104are a single device.

In some embodiments, there is a single glucose sensor102attached to the subject and the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250is part of the glucose sensor102. That is, in some embodiments, the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250and the glucose sensor102are a single device.

Of course, other topologies of the system48are possible. For instance, rather than relying on a communications network106, the one or more injection devices104and the optional one or more glucose sensors102may wirelessly transmit information directly to the data collection device200and/or dose history communication device250. Further, the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250may constitute a portable electronic device, a server computer, or in fact constitute several computers that are linked together in a network or be a virtual machine in a cloud computing context. As such, the exemplary topology shown inFIG. 1merely serves to describe the features of an embodiment of the present disclosure in a manner that will be readily understood to one of skill in the art.

Referring toFIG. 2, in typical embodiments, the dose history communication device250comprises one or more computers. For purposes of illustration inFIG. 2, the dose history communication device250is represented as a single computer that includes all of the functionality for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections applied by the subject. However, the disclosure is not so limited. In some embodiments, the functionality for communicating the dose history is spread across any number of networked computers and/or resides on each of several networked computers and/or is hosted on one or more virtual machines at a remote location accessible across the communications network106. One of skill in the art will appreciate that any of a wide array of different computer topologies are used for the application and all such topologies are within the scope of the present disclosure.

Turning toFIG. 2with the foregoing in mind, an exemplary dose history communication device250for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections comprises one or more processing units (CPU's)274, a network or other communications interface284, a memory192(e.g., random access memory), one or more magnetic disk storage and/or persistent devices290optionally accessed by one or more controllers288, one or more communication busses213for interconnecting the aforementioned components, a user interface278, the user interface278including a display282and input280(e.g., keyboard, keypad, touch screen), and a power supply276for powering the aforementioned components. In some embodiments, data in memory192is seamlessly shared with non-volatile memory290using known computing techniques such as caching. In some embodiments, memory192and/or memory290includes mass storage that is remotely located with respect to the central processing unit(s)274. In other words, some data stored in memory192and/or memory290may in fact be hosted on computers that are external to the dose history communication device250but that can be electronically accessed by the dose history communication device250over an Internet, intranet, or other form of network or electronic cable (illustrated as element106inFIG. 2) using network interface284.

In some embodiments, the memory192of the dose history communication device250for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of the injections applied by the subject stores:an operating system202that includes procedures for handling various basic system services;a medicament duration of action profile for the blood glucose regulating medicament that is characterized by a duration of the blood glucose regulating medicament (not shown on figure);a dose history communication module204;a treatment regimen206which the subject is engaged in;a first data set220automatically obtained from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records over a time course, each respective medicament record222in the plurality of medicament records comprising: (i) a respective medicament injection event224including an amount of medicament226injected into the subject using a respective injection device104in the one or more injection devices, (ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp229within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device104upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event;assigned to each of the medicament records222, a corresponding single-shape data structure230, configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections in a displayed mode, wherein the single-shape data structure203comprises: (i) a corresponding single-shape polygon231, configured for visualizing a two-dimensional shape in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon is configured to be displayed with: a first length (not shown onFIG. 2) extending in the first dimension, wherein the first length is having a fixed value, or wherein the first length is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event (224) is still active, and a second length (not shown onFIG. 2) extending in the second dimension, wherein the second length is having a fixed value or is variable and represents the amount of injected medicament226, or wherein the second length is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament, (ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator232, configured for displaying a first visual property of the single-shape polygon231, in the displayed mode;a plurality of consecutive time windows233within the time course, wherein each time window234is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window234, a set of medicament records235comprising a number of medicament records236, wherein this number can be zero if the set of medicament records235is empty.for each respective medicament record236within the respective set of medicament records235, a corresponding relative time237being the relative time within the time window;a set of multi-shape data structures240, comprising a number of multi-shape data structures241configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections;for each multi-shape data structure241, (i) a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures242having a number of single-shape data structures243, (ii) a corresponding multi-shape polygon244, configured for visualizing a two-dimensional shape in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape polygon is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542(illustrated onFIG. 5), (iii) a number of elements in subset241being the sum of overlapping single-shape polygons in the subset of single-shape polygons which is the same as the number of elements in the subset of single-shape data structures, (iv) a corresponding second intensity indicator246, configured for displaying a first visual property of the multi-shape polygon, in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator246is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset245;display data247comprising (i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and (ii) the set of multi-shape data structures240.

In some embodiments, the dose history communication module204is accessible within any browser (phone, tablet, laptop/desktop). In some embodiments the dose history communication module204runs on native device frameworks, and is available for download onto the dose history communication device250running an operating system202such as Android or iOS.

In some implementations, one or more of the above identified data elements or modules of the dose history communication device250for communicating a dose event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections are stored in one or more of the previously described memory devices, and correspond to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above-identified data, modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, the memory192and/or290optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the memory192and/or290stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, a dose history communication device250for communicating a dose event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections is a smart phone (e.g., an iPHONE), laptop, tablet computer, desktop computer, or other form of electronic device (e.g., a gaming console). In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250is not mobile. In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250is mobile.

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3Cprovides collectively a further description of a specific embodiment of a dose history communication device250that can be used with the instant disclosure. The dose history communication device250illustrated inFIGS. 3A, 3B and 3Chas one or more processing units (CPU's)274, peripherals interface370, memory controller368, a network or other communications interface284, a memory192(e.g., random access memory), a user interface278, the user interface278including a display282and input280(e.g., keyboard, keypad, touch screen), an optional accelerometer317, an optional GPS319, optional audio circuitry372, an optional speaker360, an optional microphone362, one or more optional intensity sensors364for detecting intensity of contacts on the dose history communication device250(e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as a touch-sensitive display system282of the dose history communication device250), an optional input/output (I/O) subsystem366, one or more optional optical sensors373, one or more communication busses213for interconnecting the aforementioned components, and a power supply276for powering the aforementioned components.

In some embodiments, the input280is a touch-sensitive display, such as a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the user interface278includes one or more soft keyboard embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons.

The dose history communication device250illustrated inFIGS. 3A, 3B and 3Coptionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)317, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS319(or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) of the dose history communication device250and/or for determining an amount of physical exertion by the subject.

It should be appreciated that the dose history communication device250illustrated inFIGS. 3A, 3B and 3Cis only one example of a multifunction device that may be used for communicating a dose event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections, and that the dose history communication device250optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown inFIG. 3Aare implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.

Memory192of the dose history communication device250illustrated inFIG. 3Aoptionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory192by other components of the dose history communication device250, such as CPU(s)274is, optionally, controlled by the memory controller368.

The peripherals interface370can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s)274and memory192. The one or more processors274run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory192, such as the dose history communication module204, to perform various functions for the dose history communication device250and to process data.

In some embodiments, the peripherals interface370, CPU(s)274, and memory controller368are, optionally, implemented on a single chip. In some other embodiments, they are implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry of network interface284receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. In some embodiments, the standing treatment regimen206, the first data set220, and/or the second data set, and/or the third data set is received using this RF circuitry from one or more devices such as a glucose sensor102associated with a subject, an injection device104associated with the subject, a the life-style measurement device103, and/or the data collection device200. In some embodiments, the RF circuitry284converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices, glucose sensors102, and injection devices104and/or the life-style measurement device200via the electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry284optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry284optionally communicates with the communication network106. In some embodiments, the circuitry284does not include RF circuitry and, in fact, is connected to the network106through one or more hard wires (e.g., an optical cable, a coaxial cable, or the like).

In some embodiments, the audio circuitry372, the optional speaker360, and the optional microphone362provide an audio interface between the subject and the dose history communication device250. The audio circuitry372receives audio data from the peripherals interface370, converts the audio data to electrical signals, and transmits the electrical signals to the speaker360. The speaker360converts the electrical signals to human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry372also receives electrical signals converted by the microphone362from sound waves. The audio circuitry372converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface370for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to the memory192and/or the RF circuitry284by the peripherals interface370.

In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250optionally also includes one or more optical sensors373. The optical sensor(s)373optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The optical sensor(s)373receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. The optical sensor(s)373optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of the dose history communication device250, opposite the display282on the front of the dose history communication device250, so that the input280is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor373is located on the front of the dose history communication device250so that the subject's image is obtained (e.g., to verify the health or condition of the subject, to determine the physical activity level of the subject, to help diagnose a subject's condition remotely, or to acquire visual physiological measurements of the subject, etc.).

As illustrated inFIG. 3A, a dose history communication device250preferably comprises an operating system202that includes procedures for handling various basic system services. The operating system202(e.g., iOS, DARWIN, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.

In some embodiments the dose history communication device250is a smart phone. In other embodiments, the dose history communication device250is not a smart phone but rather is a tablet computer, desktop computer, emergency vehicle computer, or other form or wired or wireless networked device. In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250has any or all of the circuitry, hardware components, and software components found in the dose history communication device250depicted inFIG. 2 or 3. In the interest of brevity and clarity, only a few of the possible components of the dose history communication device250are shown in order to better emphasize the additional software modules that are installed on the dose history communication device250.

While the system48for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections disclosed inFIG. 1can work standalone, in some embodiments it can also be linked with electronic medical records to exchange information in any way.

As illustrated inFIG. 3A, in some embodiments, the memory192of the dose history communication device250for communicating a dose history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of the injections applied by the subject further stores one or more of the following data structures: a second data set320, a third data set330, a set of multi-shape life-style data structures340, a first coordinate system380and a second coordinate system385.FIGS. 3B and 3Cillustrates further details of the data structures to illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3A, which can be comprised in some embodiments of the disclosure.

In embodiments where autonomous glucose measurements are used, devices such as the FREESTYLE LIBRE CGM by ABBOTT (“LIBRE”) may serve as the glucose sensor102in order to make the plurality of autonomous glucose measurements of a subject. The LIBRE allows calibration-free glucose measurements with an on-skin coin-sized sensor, which can send up to eight hours of data to a reader device (e.g., the data collection device200and/or the dose history communication device250) via near field communications, when brought close together. The LIBRE can be worn for fourteen days in all daily life activities. In some embodiments, the autonomous glucose measurements are autonomously taken from the subject at an interval rate of 5 minutes or less, 3 minutes or less, or 1 minute or less. In some embodiments, the autonomous glucose measurements are taken from the subject at an interval rate of 5 minutes or less, 3 minutes or less, or 1 minute or less, over a time period of a day or more, two days or more, a week or more, or two weeks or more. In some embodiments, the autonomous glucose measurements are autonomously taken (e.g., without human effort, without human intervention, etc.).

Now that details of a system48for communicating a dose event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections have been disclosed, details regarding a flow chart of processes and features of the system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, are disclosed with reference toFIG. 4. In some embodiments, such processes and features of the system are carried out by the insulin dose history communication module204illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3.

Blocks402-424. With reference toFIG. 4, the goal of insulin therapy in subjects with either type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus is to match as closely as possible normal physiologic insulin secretion to control fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, and data collection and presentation is an important component in order to understand the progress in the treatment. As illustrated inFIG. 2, a device250is provided for communicating a dose history configured for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen. The device comprises one or more processors274and a memory192/290, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, performs a method which will be described below and illustrated inFIG. 4. By configuring the processor, the memory and the stored instructions, as described above, the dose history communication device250is configured or adapted to perform the method.

Referring toFIG. 4, the block402indicates a starting point of the method, and block404represent a step of obtaining a first data set220from one or more injection devices104used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen206. The first data set220comprises a plurality of medicament records taken over a time course, each respective medicament record222in the plurality of medicament records comprises: (i) a respective medicament injection event224including an amount of medicament226injected into the subject using a respective injection device104in the one or more injection devices, (ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp229within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event224.

Block406represents another step in the method, wherein each of the medicament records222are assigned a corresponding single-shape data structure230. The single-shape data structure230is configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections in a displayed mode260, and the graphical displayed mode is illustrated inFIG. 6. The single-shape data structure230comprises (i) a corresponding single-shape polygon231, configured for visualizing a polygon261with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode. As illustrated inFIGS. 6A and 6B, the single-shape polygon231is configured to be displayed with a first length262extending in the first dimension, wherein the first length262is having a fixed value, and a second length263extending in the second dimension, wherein the second length263is having a fixed value (FIG. 6A) or is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament (FIG. 6B). The single-shape data structure230further comprises (ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator232, configured for displaying a first visual property264of the single-shape polygon261, in the displayed mode260.

FIG. 6, also illustrates that the single-shape polygon231, can be visualized as a polygon261being in the form of a circle (FIG. 6A) and in the form of a rectangle (FIG. 6B). The first visual property264is illustrated as a transparency and the intensity can be defined by the corresponding first intensity indicator232. The first visual property could also be a temperature map, where the intensity indicator232would define the intensity. For a low intensity the colour could be blue and for a high intensity the colour could be red.

Block408represents another step of the method, wherein the step comprises creating a plurality of consecutive time windows233within the time course, wherein each time window234is of the same fixed duration, as illustrated on the upper part ofFIG. 5.

For each respective time window234, another step, represented by block410, comprises creating a set of medicament records235, and thereby implicitly creating a plurality of sets of medicament records533(upper part ofFIG. 5). In this way, each respective set of medicament records235in the plurality of medicament records533, comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set220, and each respective medicament record222within the respective set of medicament records235have a timestamp229in the respective time window234.

Block412represents another step of the method. For each respective medicament record222, within each set of medicament records235of the plurality of sets of medicament records533, the step comprises assigning a corresponding relative time237to the respective medicament record222. For this purpose, the relative time is defined as the relative time within the window234, e.g., measured as the time from the beginning of the time window to the point in time in the time window indicating the incidence of the injection event. The incidence of the injection in the time window is identified by the time stamp. In this way, the plurality of sets of medicament records533represents the distribution of injections.

Block414represents another step of the method. For each respective set of medicament records235, the step comprises superimposing the single-shape polygon231from each of the medicament records224in the respective set of medicament records235. The single-shape polygon231is superimposed according to the first and the second dimension, as shown in the lower part ofFIG. 5. An interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and as a consequence of the polygons being superimposed, two or more superimposed single-shape polygons231may overlap within the interval. OnFIG. 5, the length in the first dimension for the time window234and the length of the interval are not drawn in scale. Also, the relative position of each medicament injection event224in the time window in the upper part ofFIG. 5, does not drawn to correspond exactly to its relative position in the coordinate system illustrating the superimposition step in the lower part ofFIG. 5.

Block416illustrates a conditioned response in the process, and responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons231, after the superimposition step, the method proceeds to the step illustrated by block418. If none of the polygons are overlapping the method may proceeds to the step illustrated by block422.

Block418represents another step of the method, the step comprises creating a set of multi-shape data structures240, comprising a number of multi-shape data structures241configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode260, as illustrated inFIG. 6. For each multi-shape data structure241, the step comprises (i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures242, as also illustrated onFIG. 6by framing a subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542-1, and by also indicating that they belong to the subset of single-shape data structures242-1.

FIG. 6also illustrates that the first multi-shape data structure241-1within the set of multi-shape data structures240, comprises the subset of single-shape data structures242-1defined or identified by the subset of single-shape polygons542-1. The individual elements in the subset of single-shape polygons542-1is, in the illustrated example, single-shape polygon231-1, a single-shape polygon231-5, and single-shape polygon231-(M-3).

The single-shape polygons231-1,231-5,231-(M-3) have corresponding medicament injection events224-1,224-5,224-(M-3) illustrated in the upper part ofFIG. 5. Each of the medicament injection events224-1,224-5,224-(M-3) belong to different time windows. Even though the data structures indicating the plurality of medicament records533and the subset of single-shape polygons542are not shown onFIG. 2-3, they can also be stored in the memory192of the dose history and communication device250.

The step illustrated by block418further comprises (ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon244, configured for visualizing a polygon265with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode260, as illustrated inFIG. 6. The polygon visualized by the multi-shape polygons244of different multi-shape data structures can be different, as the multi-shape polygon244is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons231of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons, which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures242. The step further comprises (iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset245, being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures230in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons242. The step further comprises, (iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator246, configured for displaying the first visual property264of the multi-shape polygon231, in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator246is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset245.

Block420represents another step of the method, the step comprising communicating display data247, wherein the display data247comprises (i) the plurality of sets of medicament records533, and (ii) the set of multi-shape data structures240. The communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider, and the communication is for providing the dose history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections. Alternatively the communication could be directed to a person related to the subject.

The lower panel or coordinate system ofFIGS. 7-8illustrates communicated dose histories representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections. InFIG. 7, the injections are indicated by polygons in the form of a circle, and the position of the circle indicates the relative time, and the amount of injected medicament. IFIG. 8, the injections are indicated by polygons in the form of a bar, and the position of the bar in the first dimension indicates the relative time, and the height of the par indicates, in the second dimension, the amount of injected medicament.FIGS. 7-8will be discussed in further details later.

In some embodiments, as illustrated onFIG. 3B, the treatment regimen comprises a bolus insulin medicament dosage regimen208with a short acting insulin medicament210and a basal insulin medicament dosage regimen212with a long acting insulin medicament214. Although, the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 3Bcomprises three dosage regimen, embodiments only comprising one dosage regimen is also possible according to the present disclosure, i.e., the treatment regimen may comprise a bolus insulin medicament dosage regimen208with a short acting insulin medicament210or a basal insulin medicament dosage regimen212with a long acting insulin medicament214or a dosage regimen with a medicament comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist (216) comprising a medicament comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist (218) or any combination of the listed dosage regimens. In general the dosage regimen could comprise any medicament being a blood glucose regulating medicament, where it would be desirable to view the distribution of injections, and get an impression of the average and the variation of the distribution, in order to obtain insight of how the treatment progresses and how the medicament is administrated.

In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250further comprises a display282, as illustrated onFIGS. 2 and 3, and wherein the step of communicating display data247further comprises displaying the display data247in a first coordinate system380, as illustrated onFIGS. 7 and 8, on the display282. As further illustrated inFIGS. 7 and 8, a first coordinate axis381is defined by the first dimension, and the second coordinate axis382is defined by the second dimension. The step further comprises displaying each respective medicament record222, in each respective set of medicament records235, in each of the plurality of sets of medicament records533, by arranging the corresponding single-shape polygon231in the first coordinate system380according to the corresponding relative time237and the corresponding amount of medicament226, and wherein the visual property264of the single-shape polygon has been defined by the corresponding first intensity indicator232. The single shape-polygon231is visualized by the two-dimensional polygon261inFIGS. 7 and 8. The step further comprises displaying each respective multi-shape data structure241, in the set of multi-shape data structures240, by arranging the corresponding multi-shape polygon244in the first coordinate system380, according to a position defined by the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542, and wherein the first visual property264of the multi-shape polygon244has been defined by the corresponding second intensity indicator246. The multi shape-polygon244is visualized by the two-dimensional polygon265in the displayed mode260illustrated inFIGS. 7 and 8.

In some embodiments, each respective medicament record222in the plurality of medicament records further comprises533a corresponding type of medicament228injected into the subject. In order to represent the data structure in the displayed mode, the single-shape data structure232corresponding to the respective medicament record222further comprises a corresponding type of medicament indicator248, configured for displaying a second visual property266of the single-shape polygon231, and thereby indicating the type of medicament228injected into the subject.

In order to be able to represent a multi-shape polygon defined by a homogeneous group of single-shape polygons, each of the single-shape data structures230within the corresponding subset of single-shape data structures242are having the same type of medicament indicator248, thereby indicating that they relate to injections with the same type of medicament228. Similarly to the single-shape data structure, each multi-shape data structure241within the set of multi-shape data structures240further comprises a second type of medicament indicator249defined by the type of medicament indicator248of the corresponding subset of single-shape data structures. Again, the second type of medicament indicator, is configured for displaying the second visual property266of the multi-shape polygon, and thereby indicating the type of medicament228injected into the subject, whereby the set of multi-shape data structures240is further configured for representing distributions relating to injections with different types of medicament.

InFIGS. 6-8the first visual property264of the two dimensional polygons261representing the single-shape polygon231and265representing the multi-shape polygon244, is illustrated by a transparent grey. In this case, at relatively low values of the first232or second246intensity indicator the first visual property264is grey with a high transparency, and at relatively high values of the first232or second246intensity indicator, the first visual property264is grey with a low transparency. In other embodiments the first visual indicator may be defined by a grayscale. In this case, at relatively low values of the first or second intensity indicator the first visual property264is light grey, and at relatively high values of the first or second intensity indicator, the first visual property264is dark grey or black. In some embodiments another colourscale may be used, e.g., different shades of red, blue, green etc. In some embodiments the colourscale could be defined by a temperature scale, where blue is defined for relatively low values of the first or second intensity indicator, and wherein the first visual indicator turns into a more red colour at higher values for the first232or second246intensity indicator. In some embodiments the first visual property264, may be a combination of a colour and a transparency scale.

InFIGS. 6-8the second visual property266of the two dimensional polygons261representing the single-shape polygon231and265representing the multi-shape polygon244, is illustrated by different borders of the polygon, i.e., the border lines are either dashed or solid. For one type of medicament injected, the corresponding first type of medicament indicator248and the second type of medicament indicator249may specify that the second visual property should be a dashed border line, and for another type of medicament the medicament indicators248,249specify that the second visual property should be a solid border line. In other embodiments the second visual indicator may be a colour, wherein the medicament indicators248,249for one type of medicament injected228(e.g. a short acting insulin) specifies that the second visual property266should be displayed as green, wherein the medicament indicators248,249for another type of medicament injected228(e.g. a long acting insulin) specified that the second visual property266should be displayed as red. Of course other types of colours and lines could be implemented in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250further comprises a display282, as illustrated onFIGS. 2 and 3, and the step of communicating display data further comprises displaying the display data247in a first coordinate system380on the display288, wherein a first coordinate axis381is defined by the first dimension, and the second coordinate axis382is defined by the second dimension. The step further comprises displaying each respective medicament record222, in each respective set of medicament records235, in the plurality of sets of medicament records533, by arranging each of the single-shape polygons231corresponding to the respective medicament record222in the coordinate system380according to the corresponding relative time237and the corresponding amount of medicament226, and wherein the first visual appearance has been defined by the first intensity indicator232and the second visual appearance has been defined by the first type of medicament indicator248, wherein both indicators are corresponding to the respective medicament record222. The step further comprises displaying each respective multi-shape data structure241, in the set of multi-shape data structures240, by arranging each of the multi-shape polygons244corresponding to the respective multi-shape data structure241in the coordinate system380, according to a position defined by the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542, and wherein the first visual appearance264has been defined by the second intensity indicator246and the second visual appearance266has been defined by the second type of medicament indicator249.

In some embodiments, the display288further comprises a second coordinate system385comprising a first axis386and a second axis387, as illustrated onFIGS. 7-8, and wherein the second coordinate system represents an average and a variability of a distribution based on glucose data obtained within the time course. For the first coordinate system380, the second axis382represents the amount of injected medicament226, and for the second coordinate system385, the second axis387represents a blood glucose concentration. The first axis381,386of both coordinate systems380,385represent the time and are defined within the interval defined by the time window234. The first axis381,386of both coordinate systems380,385have been arranged in parallel on top of each other or with an off-set in the direction of the second axis382,387, and the second axis382,387of both coordinate systems380,385have been arranged in parallel.

In some embodiments, the single-shape polygon231is configured for visualizing a polygon261with a two-dimensional shape defining a circle, and wherein the second length263is having a fixed value.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises obtaining a second data set310, wherein the second data set310comprises a plurality of autonomous glucose measurements of the subject within the time course and, for each respective autonomous glucose measurement311in the plurality of autonomous glucose measurements, a glucose measurement timestamp312representing when the respective measurement was made. The step further comprises, for each respective time window234, creating a set of glucose measurements315, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of glucose measurements, and wherein each glucose measurement311within the respective set of glucose measurements315have a timestamp312in the respective time window. The method further comprises, for each respective glucose measurement311, a step associating a corresponding relative time313being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of glucose measurements are representing a distribution of glucose measurements within the time window. The method further comprises the step of calculating, for the plurality of sets of glucose measurements, the average and the variability as a function of the relative time. Therefore, the display data further comprises the plurality of sets of glucose measurements, the corresponding relative time, and the calculated average and the variability as a function of the relative time.

In some embodiments, the dose history communication device250is further adapted for communicating a life-style event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of life-style related events within the time course, which the subject has engaged in. In analogy with the method of representing injection events, the method further comprises obtaining a third data set330from one or more wearable life-style measurement devices103used by the subject to acquire life-style data, the third data set330comprises a plurality of life-style data records331over the time course, each respective life-style data record331in the plurality of life-style data records comprises: (i) a respective life-style event332, (ii) a corresponding electronic life-style event timestamp334within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective life-style measurement device103upon occurrence of the respective life-style related event, or by user actuation of the respective life-style measurement device, or a begin timestamp and an end timestamp indicating the beginning and the ending time of the life-style event engaged in by the subject. Each of the life-style data records331are assigned a corresponding single-shape life-style data structure336, configured for representing a single event in the distribution of life-style related events. The single-shape life-style data structure336comprises: (i) a corresponding single-shape life-style polygon337, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape life-style polygon337is configured to be displayed with a first length extending in the first dimension. The first length is having a fixed value, or is representing a duration of the life-style event the subject engaged in, based on a response to an indication of that a begin time stamp and an end timestamp has been recorded. The single-shape life-style polygon337is further configured to be displayed with a second length extending in the second dimension. The single-shape life-style data structure336further comprises (ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator, configured for displaying a first visual property of a single-shape life-style polygon337, in the displayed mode. The method further comprises, for each respective time window234, a step of creating a set of life-style data records340, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of life-style data records, wherein each respective set of life-style data records348comprises a number of life-style data records331from the third data set330, and wherein each respective life-style data record331within the respective set of life-style data records348have a life-style event timestamp334in the respective time window234. The method further comprises, for each respective life-style data record331, within each set of life-style data records348of the plurality of sets of life-style data records, a step of assigning a corresponding relative life-style time349being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of life-style data records represents the distribution of life-style related events. The method further comprises, for each respective set of life-style data records348, a step of superimposing the single-shape life-style polygon337from each of the life-style data records331in the respective set of life-style data records348, wherein the single-shape life-style polygon337is superimposed according to the first and the second dimension, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window234, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape life-style polygons may overlap within the interval. Responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape life-style polygons, the method further comprises a step of creating a set of multi-shape life-style data structures340, configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of life-style related events, in a displayed mode. The method further comprises, for each multi-shape life-style data structure341, a step of (i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape life-style polygons, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape life-style polygons define a corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures (342), a step of (ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape life-style polygon244, configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape life-style polygon344is defined by the overlap between single-shape life-style polygons337of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape life-style data structures342, a step of (iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset345, being the sum of overlapping single-shape life-style data structures336in the subset of overlapping single shape life-style polygons342, and a step of (iv) calculating a corresponding second life-style intensity indicator346, configured for displaying a first visual property of the multi-shape life-style polygon344, in the displayed mode, wherein the second life-style intensity indicator346is an increasing function of the number of single-shape life-style polygons345. Therefore the display data247further comprises the plurality of sets of life-style data records, and the set of multi-shape life-style data structures340, and the communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the life-style event history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the life-style related events.

In some embodiments, each of the life-style data records331in the plurality of life-style data records further comprises (iii) a quantity of impact333representing the influence imposed by the life-style event on the subject's blood glucose level. In such embodiments, the corresponding single-shape life-style polygon337is further configured to be displayed with a second length extending in the second dimension, wherein the second length is having a fixed value or is variable and represents the quantity representing the influence on the subject's blood glucose level, whereby the set of multi-shape life-style data structures340is further configured for representing distributions relating to quantifiable life-style events.

In some embodiments, each of the life-style data records331in the plurality of life-style data records further comprises a corresponding type of life-style event319representing the type of event the subject engaged in. In such embodiments, the corresponding single-shape life-style data structure further comprises a corresponding first type of life-style event indicator339, configured for displaying a second visual property of the single-shape life-style polygon337, and thereby indicating the type of life-style event engaged in by the subject. In these embodiments, each of the single-shape life-style data structures336within the corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures342are having the same type of life-style event indicator339, thereby indicating that they relate to the same type of life-style event engaged in by the subject. In such embodiments, each multi-shape life-style data structure341within the set of multi-shape life-style data structures340further comprises a second life-style event indicator347defined by the type of life-style event indicator339of the corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures (342). Furthermore, the second type of life-style event indicator, is configured for displaying a second visual property of the multi-shape life-style polygon344, and thereby indicating the type of life-style event, which the subject has engaged in, whereby the set of multi-shape life-style data structure340is further configured for representing distributions relating to different types of life-style events.

LIST OF EMBODIMENTS

1. A device250for communicating a dose history configured for representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen;the device comprises one or more processors274and a memory192/290, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform a method of:obtaining a first data set220from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records taken over a time course, each respective medicament record222in the plurality of medicament records comprising:(i) a respective medicament injection event224including an amount of medicament226injected into the subject using a respective injection device104in the one or more injection devices,(ii) a corresponding electronic injection event timestamp229within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event224;wherein each of the medicament records222are assigned:a corresponding single-shape data structure230, configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode260, wherein the single-shape data structure230comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape polygon231, configured for visualizing a polygon261with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon231is configured to be displayed with:a first length262extending in the first dimension, wherein (i) the first length262is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the first length (262) is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event224is still active, anda second length263extending in the second dimension, wherein (i) the second length263is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the second length (262) is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament, or (iii) wherein the second length262is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator232, configured for displaying a first visual property (264) of the single-shape polygon261, in the displayed mode260;creating a plurality of consecutive time windows233within the time course, wherein each time window234is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window234, creating a set of medicament records235, and thereby creating a plurality of sets of medicament records, wherein each respective set of medicament records235comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set220, and wherein each respective medicament record222within the respective set of medicament records (235) have a timestamp (229) in the respective time window234;for each respective medicament record222, within each set of medicament records235of the plurality of sets of medicament records, assigning a corresponding relative time237being the relative time within the time window234, whereby the plurality of sets of medicament records represents the distribution of injections;for each respective set of medicament records235, superimposing the single-shape polygon231from each of the medicament records224in the respective set of medicament records235, wherein the single-shape polygon231is superimposed according to the first and the second dimension, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape polygons231may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons231:creating a set of multi-shape data structures240, comprising a number of multi-shape data structures241configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode260,for each multi-shape data structure241:(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures242,(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon244, configured for visualizing a polygon265with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode260, wherein the multi-shape polygon244is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons231of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons542, which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures242,(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset245, being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures230in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons242,(iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator246, configured for displaying the first visual property264of the multi-shape polygon231, in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator246is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset245; andcommunicating display data247, wherein the display data247comprises:(i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and(ii) the set of multi-shape data structures240; and wherein
the communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the dose history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections.

2. The device according to embodiment 1, wherein the treatment regimen comprises a bolus insulin medicament dosage regimen (208) with a short acting insulin medicament (210) and a basal insulin medicament dosage regimen (212) with a long acting insulin medicament (214).

3. The device according to any of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the device further comprises a display (282), and wherein the step of communicating display data (247) further comprises:displaying the display data (247) in a first coordinate system (380) on the display (282), wherein a first coordinate axis (381) is defined by the first dimension, and the second coordinate axis (382) is defined by the second dimension:wherein each respective medicament record (222), in each respective set of medicament records (235), in each of the plurality of sets of medicament records, is displayed by arranging the corresponding single-shape polygon (231) in the first coordinate system (380) according to the corresponding relative time237and the corresponding amount of medicament (226), and wherein the visual property (264) of the single-shape polygon has been defined by the corresponding first intensity indicator (232); andwherein each respective multi-shape data structure (241), in the set of multi-shape data structures (240), is displayed by arranging the corresponding multi-shape polygon (244) in the first coordinate system (380), according to a position defined by the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542), and wherein the first visual property (264) of the multi-shape polygon (244) has been defined by the corresponding second intensity indicator (246).

4. The device according to any of the embodiments 1-2, wherein each respective medicament record (222) in the plurality of medicament records further comprises:(iii) a corresponding type of medicament (228) injected into the subject; and wherein the single-shape data structure (232) corresponding to the respective medicament record (222) further comprises:(iii) a corresponding type of medicament indicator (248), configured for displaying a second visual property (266) of the single-shape polygon (231), and thereby indicating the type of medicament (228) injected into the subject; and
wherein each of the single-shape data structures (230) within the corresponding subset of single-shape data structures (242) are having the same type of medicament indicator (248), thereby indicating that they relate to injections with the same type of medicament (228); and
wherein each multi-shape data structure (241) within the set of multi-shape data structures (240) further comprises a second type of medicament indicator (249) defined by the type of medicament indicator (248) of the corresponding subset of single-shape data structures, and wherein the second type of medicament indicator, is configured for displaying the second visual property (266) of the multi-shape polygon, and thereby indicating the type of medicament (228) injected into the subject, whereby the set of multi-shape data structures (240) is further configured for representing distributions relating to injections with different types of medicament.

5. The device according to embodiment 4, wherein the device further comprises a display (288), and wherein the step of communicating display data further comprises:displaying the display data (247) in a first coordinate system (380) on the display (288), wherein a first coordinate axis (381) is defined by the first dimension, and the second coordinate axis (382) is defined by the second dimension:wherein each respective medicament record (222), in each respective set of medicament records (235), in the plurality of sets of medicament records, is displayed by arranging each of the single-shape polygons (231) corresponding to the respective medicament record (222) in the coordinate system (380) according to the corresponding relative time237and the corresponding amount of medicament (226), and wherein the first visual appearance has been defined by the first intensity indicator (232) and the second visual appearance (266) has been defined by the first type of medicament indicator (248), wherein both indicators are corresponding to the respective medicament record (222); andwherein each respective multi-shape data structure (241), in the set of multi-shape data structures (240), is displayed by arranging each of the multi-shape polygons (244) corresponding to the respective multi-shape data structure (241) in the coordinate system (380), according to a position defined by the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542), and wherein the first visual appearance (264) has been defined by the second intensity indicator (246) and the second visual appearance (266) has been defined by the second type of medicament indicator (249).

6. The device according to any of embodiments 3 and 5, wherein

the display (288) further comprises a second coordinate system (385) comprising a first axis (386) and a second axis (387), and wherein the second coordinate system represents an average and a variability of a distribution based on glucose data obtained within the time course, and
wherein, for the first coordinate system (380), the second axis (382) represents the amount of injected medicament (226), and wherein, for the second coordinate system (385), the second axis (387) represents a blood glucose concentration, and
wherein the first axis (381,386) of both coordinate systems (380,385) represent the time and are defined within the interval defined by the time window (234), and
wherein the first axis (381,386) of both coordinate systems (380,385) have been arranged in parallel on top of each other or with an off-set in the direction of the second axis (382,387), and wherein the second axis (382,387) of both coordinate systems (380,385) have been arranged in parallel.

7. The device according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the single-shape polygon (231) is configured for visualizing a polygon (261) with a two-dimensional shape defining a circle, and wherein the second length (263) is having a fixed value.

8. The device according to any of the embodiments 1-5, and 7, wherein the method further comprises:obtaining a second data set (310), wherein the second data set (310) comprises a plurality of autonomous glucose measurements of the subject within the time course and, for each respective autonomous glucose measurement (311) in the plurality of autonomous glucose measurements, a glucose measurement timestamp (312) representing when the respective measurement was made; andfor each respective time window (234), creating a set of glucose measurements (315), and thereby creating a plurality of sets of glucose measurements, and wherein each glucose measurement (311) within the respective set of glucose measurements (315) have a timestamp (312) in the respective time window (234);for each respective glucose measurement (311), associating a corresponding relative time (313) being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of glucose measurements are representing a distribution of glucose measurements within the time window;calculating, for the plurality of sets of glucose measurements, the average and the variability as a function of the relative time,
wherein the display data further comprises the plurality of sets of glucose measurements, the corresponding relative time, and the calculated average and the variability as a function of the relative time.

9. The device according to any of the previous embodiments, further adapted for communicating a life-style event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of life-style related events within the time course, which the subject has engaged in, wherein the method further comprises:obtaining a third data set (330) from one or more wearable life-style measurement devices (103) used by the subject to acquire life-style data, the third data set (330) comprises a plurality of life-style data records (331) over the time course, each respective life-style data record (331) in the plurality of life-style data records comprises:(i) a respective life-style event (332),(ii) a corresponding electronic life-style event timestamp (334) within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective life-style measurement device (103) upon occurrence of the respective life-style related event, or by user actuation of the respective life-style measurement device, or a begin timestamp and an end timestamp indicating the beginning and the ending time of the life-style event engaged in by the subject;wherein each of the life-style data records (331) are assigned:a corresponding single-shape life-style data structure (336), configured for representing a single event in the distribution of life-style related events, wherein the single-shape life-style data structure (336) comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape life-style polygon (337), configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape life-style polygon (337) is configured to be displayed with:a first length extending in the first dimension, wherein the first length is having a fixed value, or is representing a duration of the life-style event the subject engaged in based on a response to an indication of that a begin time stamp and an end timestamp has been recorded, anda second length extending in the second dimension;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator, configured for displaying a first visual property of a single-shape life-style polygon (337), in the displayed mode;for each respective time window (234), creating a set of life-style data records (340), and thereby creating a plurality of sets of life-style data records, wherein each respective set of life-style data records (348) comprises a number of life-style data records (331) from the third data set (330), and wherein each respective life-style data record (331) within the respective set of life-style data records (348) have a life-style event timestamp (334) in the respective time window (234);for each respective life-style data record (331), within each set of life-style data records (348) of the plurality of sets of life-style data records, assigning a corresponding relative life-style time (349) being the relative time within the time window, whereby the plurality of sets of life-style data records represents the distribution of life-style related events;for each respective set of life-style data records (348), superimposing the single-shape life-style polygon (337) from each of the life-style data records (331) in the respective set of life-style data records (348), wherein the single-shape life-style polygon (337) is superimposed according to the first and the second dimension, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window (234), and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape life-style polygons may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape life-style polygons:creating a set of multi-shape life-style data structures (340), configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of life-style related events, in a displayed mode,for each multi-shape life-style data structure (341):(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape life-style polygons, wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape life-style polygons define a corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures (342),(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape life-style polygon (244), configured for visualizing a polygon with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the multi-shape life-style polygon (344) is defined by the overlap between single-shape life-style polygons (337) of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape life-style data structures (342),(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset (345), being the sum of overlapping single-shape life-style data structures (336) in the subset of overlapping single shape life-style polygons (342),(iv) calculating a corresponding second life-style intensity indicator (346), configured for displaying a first visual property of the multi-shape life-style polygon (344), in the displayed mode, wherein the second life-style intensity indicator (346) is an increasing function of the number of single-shape life-style polygons (345); and
wherein the display data (247) further comprises:the plurality of sets of life-style data records, andthe set of multi-shape life-style data structures (340); and wherein
the communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the life-style event history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the life-style related events.

10. The device according to embodiment 9, wherein each of the life-style data records (331) in the plurality of life-style data records further comprises:(iii) a quantity of impact (333) representing the influence imposed by the life-style event on the subject's blood glucose level; andwherein the corresponding single-shape life-style polygon (337) is further configured to be displayed with:a second length extending in the second dimension, wherein the second length is having a fixed value or is variable and represents the quantity representing the influence on the subject's blood glucose level, whereby the set of multi-shape life-style data structures (340) is further configured for representing distributions relating to quantifiable life-style events.

11. The device according to any of embodiments 9-10, wherein each of the life-style data records (331) in the plurality of life-style data records further comprises:(iii) a corresponding type of life-style event (319) representing the type of event the subject engaged in; and wherein the corresponding single-shape life-style data structure further comprises:(iii) a corresponding first type of life-style event indicator (339), configured for displaying a second visual property of the single-shape life-style polygon (337), and thereby indicating the type of life-style event engaged in by the subject; and wherein each of the single-shape life-style data structures (336) within the corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures (342) are having the same type of life-style event indicator (339), thereby indicating that they relate to the same type of life-style event engaged in by the subject, and
wherein each multi-shape life-style data structure (341) within the set of multi-shape life-style data structures (340) further comprises a second life-style event indicator (347) defined by the type of life-style event indicator (339) of the corresponding subset of single-shape life-style data structures (342), and
wherein the second type of life-style event indicator, is configured for displaying a second visual property of the multi-shape life-style polygon (344), and thereby indicating the type of life-style event, which the subject has engaged in, whereby the set of multi-shape life-style data structure (340) is further configured for representing distributions relating to different types of life-style events.

12. The device according to embodiment 1, wherein the treatment regimen (206) comprises a GLP-1 receptor agonist dosage regimen (216), with a medicament comprising a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

13. A method for communicating a dose event history representing an average and a variability of a distribution of injections with a blood glucose regulating medicament applied by a subject with a treatment regimen;using a device comprising one or more processors (274) and a memory (192/290), the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform a method of:obtaining a first data set (220) from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records taken over a time course, each respective medicament record (222) in the plurality of medicament records comprising:(i) a respective medicament injection event (224) including an automatically obtained amount of medicament (226) injected into the subject using a respective injection device (104) in the one or more injection devices,(ii) a corresponding automatically obtained injection event timestamp (229) within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event (224);wherein each of the medicament records (222) are assigned:a corresponding single-shape data structure (230), configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode (260), wherein the single-shape data structure (230) comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape polygon (231), configured for visualizing a polygon (261) with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon (231) is configured to be displayed with:a first length (262) extending in the first dimension, and with first a coordinate according to the first dimension, wherein (i) the first length (262) is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the first length (262) is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event (224) is still active, anda second length (263) extending in the second dimension, and with a second coordinate according to the second dimension, wherein (i) the second length (263) is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the second length (262) is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament, or (iii) wherein the second length (262) is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator (232), configured for displaying a first visual property (264) of the single-shape polygon (261), in the displayed mode (260);creating a plurality of consecutive time windows (233) within the time course, wherein each time window (234) is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window (234), creating a set of medicament records (235), and thereby creating a plurality of sets of medicament records, wherein each respective set of medicament records235comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set (220), and wherein each respective medicament record (222) within the respective set of medicament records (235) have a timestamp (229) in the respective time window (234);for each respective medicament record (222), within each set of medicament records (235) of the plurality of sets of medicament records, assigning a corresponding relative time (237) being the relative time within the time window (234), whereby the plurality of sets of medicament records represents the distribution of injections;for each respective set of medicament records (235), superimposing the single-shape polygon (231) from each of the medicament records (224) in the respective set of medicament records (235), wherein the single-shape polygon (231) is superimposed according to the first dimension being the relative time and the second dimension being the amount of injected medicament, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape polygons (231) may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons (231):creating a set of multi-shape data structures (240), comprising a number of multi-shape data structures (241) configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode (260),for each multi-shape data structure (241):(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542), wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542) define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures (242),(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon (244), configured for visualizing a polygon (265) with a two-dimensional shape and according to the first and the second dimension, in the displayed mode (260), wherein the multi-shape polygon (244) is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons (231) of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542), which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures (242),(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset (245), being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures (230) in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons (242),(iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator (246), configured for displaying the first visual property (264) of the multi-shape polygon (231), in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator (246) is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset (245); andcommunicating display data (247), wherein the display data (247) comprises:(i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and(ii) the set of multi-shape data structures (240); and wherein
the communication is directed to (i) the subject or (ii) to a health care provider for providing the dose history representing the average and the variability of the distribution of the injections.

14. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the method of:obtaining a first data set (220) from one or more injection devices used by the subject to apply the treatment regimen, the first data set comprising a plurality of medicament records taken over a time course, each respective medicament record (222) in the plurality of medicament records comprising:(i) a respective medicament injection event (224) including an automatically obtained amount of medicament (226) injected into the subject using a respective injection device (104) in the one or more injection devices,(ii) a corresponding automatically obtained injection event timestamp (229) within the time course that is automatically generated by the respective injection device upon occurrence of the respective medicament injection event (224);wherein each of the medicament records (222) are assigned:a corresponding single-shape data structure (230), configured for representing a single injection in the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode (260), wherein the single-shape data structure (230) comprises:(i) a corresponding single-shape polygon (231), configured for visualizing a polygon (261) with a two-dimensional shape, in the displayed mode, wherein the single-shape polygon (231) is configured to be displayed with:a first length (262) extending in the first dimension, and with first a coordinate according to the first dimension, wherein (i) the first length (262) is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the first length (262) is variable and represents a duration wherein the medicament relating to the respective medicament injection event (224) is still active, anda second length (263) extending in the second dimension, and with a second coordinate according to the second dimension, wherein (i) the second length (263) is having a fixed value, or (ii) wherein the second length (262) is variable and represents an amount of injected medicament, or (iii) wherein the second length (262) is variable and represents an amount of active medicament remaining from the injected amount of medicament;(ii) a corresponding first intensity indicator (232), configured for displaying a first visual property (264) of the single-shape polygon (261), in the displayed mode (260);creating a plurality of consecutive time windows (233) within the time course, wherein each time window (234) is of the same fixed duration,for each respective time window (234), creating a set of medicament records (235), and thereby creating a plurality of sets of medicament records, wherein each respective set of medicament records235comprises a number of medicament records from the first data set (220), and wherein each respective medicament record (222) within the respective set of medicament records (235) have a timestamp (229) in the respective time window (234);for each respective medicament record (222), within each set of medicament records (235) of the plurality of sets of medicament records, assigning a corresponding relative time (237) being the relative time within the time window (234), whereby the plurality of sets of medicament records represents the distribution of injections;for each respective set of medicament records (235), superimposing the single-shape polygon (231) from each of the medicament records (224) in the respective set of medicament records (235), wherein the single-shape polygon (231) is superimposed according to the first dimension being the relative time and the second dimension being the amount of injected medicament, wherein an interval along the first dimension is defined by the fixed duration of the time window, and whereby two or more superimposed single-shape polygons (231) may overlap within the interval;responsive to identifying two or more superimposed overlapping single-shape polygons (231):creating a set of multi-shape data structures (240), comprising a number of multi-shape data structures (241) configured for representing the average and the variability of the distribution of injections, in a displayed mode (260),for each multi-shape data structure (241):(i) creating a corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542), wherein the subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542) define a corresponding subset of single-shape data structures (242),(ii) calculating a corresponding multi-shape polygon (244), configured for visualizing a polygon (265) with a two-dimensional shape and according to the first and the second dimension, in the displayed mode (260), wherein the multi-shape polygon (244) is defined by the overlap between the single-shape polygons (231) of the corresponding subset of overlapping single-shape polygons (542), which corresponds to the subset of single-shape data structures (242),(iii) calculating the number of elements in the subset (245), being the number of overlapping single-shape data structures (230) in the subset of overlapping single shape polygons (242),(iv) calculating a corresponding second intensity indicator (246), configured for displaying the first visual property (264) of the multi-shape polygon (231), in the displayed mode, wherein the second intensity indicator (246) is an increasing function of the number of elements in the subset (245); andcommunicating display data (247), wherein the display data (247) comprises:(i) the plurality of sets of medicament records, and(ii) the set of multi-shape data structures (240); and wherein
the communication is directed to a display (282).

15. A computer-readable data carrier having stored thereon the computer program according to embodiment 14.

REFERENCES CITED AND ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention can be implemented as a computer program product that comprises a computer program mechanism embedded in a nontransitory computer readable storage medium. For instance, the computer program product could contain the program modules shown in any combination ofFIGS. 1, 2, 3and/or described inFIG. 4. These program modules can be stored on a CD-ROM, DVD, magnetic disk storage product, USB key, or any other non-transitory computer readable data or program storage product.

Many modifications and variations of this invention can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.