Photoconductive member

A photoconductive member comprises a support for a photoconductive member, a first amorphous layer having a layer constitution comprising a first layer region comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and germanium atoms and a second layer region comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and exhibiting photoconductivity, said first and second layer regions being provided successively from the side of said support; and a second amorphous layer comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to a photoconductive member having sensitivity to 
electromagnetic waves such as light (herein used in a broad sense, 
including ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, X-rays and 
gamma-rays). 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
Photoconductive materials, which constitute photoconductive layers in solid 
state image pick-up devices, in image forming members for 
electrophotography in the field of image formation, or in manuscript 
reading devices, are required to have a high sensitivity, a high SN ratio 
(Photocurrent (I.sub.p)/Dark current (I.sub.d)), spectral characteristics 
matching to those of electromagnetic waves to be irradiated, a rapid 
response to light, a desired dark resistance value as well as no harm to 
human bodies during usage. Further, in a solid state image pick-up device, 
it is also required that the residual image should easily be treated 
within a predetermined time. In particular, in case of an image forming 
member for electrophotography to be assembled in an electrophotographic 
device to be used in an office as office apparatus, the aforesaid harmless 
characteristic is very important. 
From the standpoint as mentioned above, amorphous silicon (hereinafter 
referred to as a-Si) has recently attracted attention as a photoconductive 
material. For example, German Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2746967 
and 2855718 disclose applications of a-Si for use in image forming members 
for electrophotography, and German Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 
2933411 an application of a-Si for use in a photoconverting reading 
device. 
However, under the present situation, the photoconductive members having 
photoconductive layers constituted of a-Si are further required to be 
improved in a balance of overall characteristics including electrical, 
optical and photoconductive characteristics such as dark resistance value, 
photosensitivity and response the light, etc., and environmental 
characteristics during use such as humidity resistance, and further 
stability with lapse of time. 
For instance, when applied in an image forming member for 
electrophotography, residual potential is frequently observed to remain 
during use thereof if improvements to higher photosensitivity and higher 
dark resistance are scheduled to be effected at the same time. When such a 
photoconductive member is repeatedly used for a long time, there will be 
caused various inconveniences such as accumulation of fatigues by repeated 
uses or so called ghost phenomenon wherein residual images are formed, or 
when it is used at a high speed repeatedly, response is gradually lowered. 
Further, a-Si has a relatively smaller absorption coefficient in the 
wavelength region longer than the longer wavelength region side in the 
visible light region as compared with that on the shorter wavelength 
region side in the visible light region, and therefore in matching to the 
semiconductor laser practically used at the present time or when using a 
presently available halogen lamp or fluorescent lamp as the light source, 
there remains room for improvement in the drawback that the light on the 
longer wavelength side cannot effectively be used. 
Besides, when the light irradiated cannot sufficiently be absorbed into the 
photoconductive layer, but the quantity of the light reaching the support 
is increased, if the support itself has a high reflectance with respect to 
the light permeating through the photoconductive layer, there will occur 
interference due to multiple reflections which may be a cause for 
formation of "unfocused image". 
This effect becomes greater, when the spot irradiated is made smaller in 
order to enhance resolution, and it is a great problem particularly when 
using a semiconductor laser as light source. 
Thus, it is required in designing of a photoconductive member to make 
efforts to overcome all of the problems as mentioned above along with the 
improvement of a-Si materials per se. 
In view of the above points, the present invention contemplates the 
achievement obtained as a result of extensive studies made comprehensively 
from the standpoints of applicability and utility of a-Si as a 
photoconductive member for image forming members for electrophotography, 
solid state image pick-up devices, reading devices, etc. Now, a 
photoconductive member having a first amorphous layer exhibiting 
photoconductivity, which comprises a-Si, particularly an amorphous 
material containing at least one of hydrogen atom (H) and halogen atom (X) 
in a matrix of silicon atoms (hereinafter referred to comprehensively as 
a-Si(H,X)), so called hydrogenated amorphous silicon, halogenated 
amorphous silicon or halogen-containing hydrogenated amorphous silicon, 
said photoconductive member being prepared by designing so as to have a 
specific structure as described later, is found to exhibit not only 
practically extremely excellent characteristics but also surpass the 
photoconductive members of the prior art in substantially all respects, 
especially markedly excellent characteristics as a photoconductive member 
for electrophotography. The present invention is based on such finding. 
SUMAMRY OF THE INVENTION 
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductive 
member having constantly stable electrical, optical and photoconductive 
characteristics, which is all-environment type substantially without any 
limitation as to its use environment and markedly excellent in 
photosensitive characteristics on the longer wavelength side as well as in 
light fatigue resistance without causing any deterioration phenomenon 
after repeated uses and free entirely or substantially from residual 
potentials observed. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductive 
member, which is high in photosensitivity in all the visible light region, 
particularly excellent in matching to a semiconductor laser and rapid in 
light response. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductive 
member having excellent electrophotographic characteristics, which is 
sufficiently capable of retaining charges at the time of charging 
treatment for formation of electrostatic charges to the extent such that a 
conventional electrophotographic method can be very effectively applied 
when it is provided for use as an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a 
photoconductive member for electrophotography capable of providing easily 
a high quality image which is high in density, clear in halftone and high 
in resolution. 
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a 
photoconductive member having high photosensitvity and high SN ratio 
characteristic. 
According to the present invention, there is provided a photoconductive 
member comprising a support for a photoconductive member, a first 
amorphous layer having a layer constitution comprising a first layer 
region comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and 
germanium atoms and a second layer region comprising an amorphous material 
containing silicon atoms and exhibiting photoconductivity, said first and 
second layer regions being provided successively from the side of said 
support; and a second amorphous layer comprising an amorphous material 
containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring now to the drawings, the photoconductive members according to the 
present invention are to be described in detail below. 
FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view for illustration of the layer 
constitution of a first embodiment of the photoconductive member of this 
invention. 
The photoconductive member 100 as shown in FIG. 1 has a first amorphous 
layer (I) 102 and a second amorphous layer (II) 105 on a support 101 for 
photoconductive member, said amorphous layer (II) 105 having a free 
surface 106 on one of the end surfaces. 
The first amorphous layer (I) 102 has a layer constitution comprising a 
first layer region (G) 103 comprising a-Si (H,X) containing germanium 
atoms (hereinafter abbreviated as "a-SiGe(H,X)") and a second layer region 
(S) 104 comprising a-Si(H,X) and having photoconductivity. The first layer 
region (G) 103 and the second layer region (S) 104 are successively 
laminated from the side of the support 101. The germanium atoms in the 
first layer region (G) 103 are contained in said layer region (G) 103 in a 
distribution continuous and uniform in the direction of the plane 
substantially parallel to the surface of the support 101, but in a 
distribution which may either be uniform or ununiform in the direction of 
layer thickness. 
In the present invention, in the second layer region (S) provided on the 
first layer region (G), no germanium atom is contained. By forming an 
amorphous layer so as to have such a layer structure, there can be 
obtained a photoconductive member which is excellent in photosensitivity 
to the light with wavelengths of the whole region from relatively shorter 
wavelength to relatively longer wavelength including the visible ligth 
region. 
Also, since the germanium atoms are continuously distributed throughout the 
first layer region (G), the light at the longerwavelength side which 
cannot substantially be absorbed in the second layer region (S) when 
employing a semiconductor laser, etc. can be absorbed in the first layer 
region (G) substantially completely, whereby interference due to 
reflection from the support surface can be prevented. 
In the photoconductive member of the present invention, chemical stability 
can sufficiently be ensured at the laminated interface between the first 
layer region (G) and the second layer region (S), since each of the 
amorphous materials constituting respective layer regions has the common 
constituent of silicon atom. 
Alternatively, when the distribution of the germanium atoms is made 
ununiform in the direction of layer thickness, improvement of the affinity 
between the first layer region (G) and the second layer region (S) can be 
effected by making the distribution of germanium atoms in the first layer 
region (G) such that germanium atoms are continuously distributed 
throughout the whole layer region and the distribution concentration C of 
germanium atoms in the direction of layer thickness is changed to be 
decreased from the support side toward the second layer region (S). 
FIGS. 2 through 10 show typical examples of ununiform distribution in the 
direction of layer thickness of germanium atoms contained in the first 
layer region (G). 
In FIGS. 2 through 10, the axis of abscissa indicates the distribution 
content C of germanium atoms and the axis of ordinate the layer thickness 
of the first layer region (G), t.sub.B showing the position of the end 
surface of the first layer region (G) on the support side and t.sub.T the 
position of the end surface of the first layer region (G) on the side 
opposite to the support side. That is, layer formation of the first layer 
region (G) containing germanium atoms proceeds from the t.sub.B side 
toward the t.sub.T side. 
In FIG. 2, there is shown a first typical embodiment of the depth profile 
of germanium atoms in the layer thickness direction contained in the first 
layer region (G). 
In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, from the interface position t.sub.B 
at which the surface, on which the first layer region (G) containing 
germanium atoms is to be formed, is in contact with the surface of the 
first layer region (G) to the position t.sub.1, the germanium atoms are 
contained in the first layer region (G), while the distribution 
concentration C of germanium atoms taking a constant value of C.sub.1, 
which distribution concentration being gradually decreased continuously 
from the concentration C.sub.2 from the position t.sub.1 to the interface 
position t.sub.T. At the interface position t.sub.T, the concentration of 
germanium atoms is made C.sub.3. 
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the distribution concentration C of 
germanium atoms contained is decreased gradually and continuously from the 
position t.sub.B to the position t.sub.T from the concentration C.sub.4 
until it becomes the concentration C.sub.5 at the position t.sub.T. 
In case of FIG. 4, the distribution concentration C of germanium atoms is 
made constant as the concentration C.sub.6 from the position t.sub.B to 
the position t.sub.2 and gradually continuously decreased from the 
position t.sub.2 to the position t.sub.T, and the distribution 
concentration C is made substantially zero at the position t.sub.T 
(substantially zero herein means the content less than the detectable 
limit). 
In case of FIG. 5, germanium atoms are decreased gradually and continuously 
from the position t.sub.B to the position t.sub.T from the concentration 
C.sub.8, until it is made substantially zero at the position t.sub.T. 
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the distribution concentration C of 
germanium atoms is constantly C.sub.9 between the position t.sub.B and the 
position t.sub.3, and it is made C.sub.10 at the position t.sub.T. Between 
the position t.sub.3 and the position t.sub.T, the distribution 
concentration C is decreased as a first order function from the position 
t.sub.3 to the position t.sub.T. 
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, there is formed a depth profile such 
that the distribution concentration C takes a constant value of C.sub.11 
from the position t.sub.B to the position t.sub.4, and is decreased as a 
first order function from the concentration C.sub.12 to the concentration 
C.sub.13 from the position t.sub.4 to the position t.sub.T. 
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the distribution concentration C of 
germanium atoms is decreased as a first order function from the 
concentration C.sub.14 to substantially zero from the position t.sub.B to 
the position t.sub.T. 
In FIG. 9, there is shown an embodiment, where the distribution 
concentration C of germanium atoms is decreased as a first order function 
from the concentration C.sub.15 to C.sub.16 from the position t.sub.B to 
t.sub.5 and made constantly at the concentration C.sub.16 between the 
position t.sub.5 and t.sub.T. 
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the distribution concentration C of 
germanium atoms is at the concentration C.sub.17 at the position t.sub.B, 
which concentration C.sub.17 is initially decreased gradually and abrupty 
near the position t.sub.6, until it is made the concentration C.sub.18 at 
the position t.sub.6. 
Between the position t.sub.6 and the position t.sub.7, the concentration is 
initially decreased abruptly and thereafter gradually decreased, until it 
is made the concentration C.sub.19 at the position t.sub.7. Between the 
position t.sub.7 and the position t.sub.8, the concentration is decreased 
very gradually to the concentration C.sub.20 at the position t.sub.8. 
Between the position t.sub.8 and the position t.sub.T, the concentration 
is decreased along the curve having a shape as shown in the Figure from 
the concentration C.sub.20 to substantially zero. 
As described above about some typical examples of ununiform depth profiles 
of germanium atoms contained in the first layer region (G) in the 
direction of the layer thickness, when the depth profile of germanium 
atoms contained in the first layer region (G) is ununiform in the 
direction of layer thickness, the first layer region (G) is provided 
desirably with a depth profile of germanium atoms so as to have a portion 
enriched in distribution concentration C of germanium atoms on the support 
side and a portion made considerably lower in concentration C of germanium 
atoms than that of the support side on the interface t.sub.T side. 
That is, the first layer region (G) which constitutes the first amorphous 
layer, when it contains germanium atoms so as to form a ununiform 
distribution in the direction of layer thickness, may preferably have a 
localized region (A) containing germanium atoms at a relatively higher 
concentration on the support side. 
The localized region (A), as explained in terms of the symbols shown in 
FIG. 2 through FIG. 10, may be desirably provided within 5.mu. from the 
interface position t.sub.B. 
The above localized region (A) may be made to be identical with the whole 
layer region (L.sub.T) up to the depth of 5.mu. thickness, from the 
interface position t.sub.B, or alternatively a part of the layer region 
(L.sub.T). 
It may suitably be determined depending on the characteristics required for 
the first amorphous layer to be formed, whether the localized region (A) 
is made a part or whole of the layer region (L.sub.T). 
The localized region (A) may be preferably formed according to such a layer 
formation that the maximum, Cmax of the distribution concentrations of 
germanium atoms in the layer thickness direction (depth profile values) 
may preferably be 1000 atomic ppm or more, more preferably 5000 atomic ppm 
or more, most preferably 1.times.10.sup.4 atomic ppm or more. 
That is, according to the present invention, the first amorphous layer 
containing germanium atoms is preferably formed so that the maximum 
vaulue, Cmax of the distribution concentration may exist within a layer 
thickness of 5.mu. from the support side (the layer region within 5.mu. 
thickness from t.sub.B). 
In the present invention, the content of germanium atoms in the first 
region (G), which may suitably be determined as desired so as to achieve 
effectively the objects of the present invention, may preferably be 1 to 
9.5.times.10.sup.5 atomic ppm, more preferably 100 to 8.times.10.sup.5 
atomic ppm, most preferably 500 to 7.times.10.sup.5 atomic ppm. 
In the photoconductive member of the present invention, the layer thickness 
of the first layer region (G) and the layer thickness of the second layer 
region (S) are one of important factors for accomplishing effectively the 
object of the present invention, and therefore sufficient care should be 
paid in designing of the photoconductive member so that desirable 
characteristics may be imparted to the photoconductive member formed. 
In the present invention, the layer thickness T.sub.B of the first layer 
region (G) may preferably be 30 .ANG. to 50.mu., more preferably 40 .ANG. 
to 40.mu., most preferably 50 .ANG. to 30.mu.. 
On the other hand, the layer thickness T of the second layer region (S) may 
be preferably 0.5 to 90.mu., more preferably 1 to 80.mu., most preferably 
2 to 50.mu.. 
The sum of the above layer thicknesses T and T.sub.B, nemely (T+T.sub.B) 
may be suitably determined as desired in designing of the layers of the 
photoconductive member, based on the mutual organic relationship between 
the characteristics required for both layer regions and the 
characteristics required for the whole first amorphous layer. 
In the photoconductive member of the present invention, the numerical range 
for the above (T.sub.B +T) may generally be from 1 to 100.mu., preferably 
1 to 80.mu., most preferably 2 to 50.mu.. 
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred to 
select the numerical values for respective thicknesses T.sub.B and T as 
mentioned above so that the relation of preferably T.sub.B /T.ltoreq.1 may 
be satisfied. More preferably, in selection of the numerical values for 
the thicknesses T.sub.B and T in the above case, the values of T.sub.B and 
T are preferably be determined so that the relation of more preferably 
T.sub.B /T.ltoreq.0.9, most preferably, T.sub.B /T.ltoreq.0.8, may be 
satisfied. 
In the present invention, when the content of germanium atoms in the first 
layer region (G) is 1.times.10.sup.5 atomic ppm or more, the layer 
thickness T.sub.B of the first layer region (G) is desirably be made 
considerably thin, preferably 30.mu. or less, more preferably 25.mu. or 
less, most preferably 20.mu. or less. 
In the present invention, illustrative of halogen atoms (X), which may 
optionally be incorporated in the first layer region (G) and the second 
layer region (S) constituting the first amorphous layer, are fluorine, 
chlorine, bromine and iodine, particularly preferably fluorine and 
chlorine. 
In the present invention, the amount of hydrogen atoms (H) or the amount of 
halogen atoms (X) or the total amount of hydrogen plus halogen atoms (H+X) 
to be contained in the second layer region (S) constituting the first 
amorphous layer formed may preferably be 1 to 40 atomic %, more preferably 
5 to 30 atomic %, most preferably 5 to 25 atomic %. 
In the photoconductive member according to the present invention, a 
substance (C) for controlling the conduction characteristics may be 
incorporated at least in the first layer region (G) to impart desired 
conduction characteristics to the first layer region (G). 
The substance (C) for controlling the conduction characteristics to be 
contained in the first layer region (G) may be contained evenly and 
uniformly within the whole layer region or locally in a part of the layer 
region. 
When the substance (C) for controlling the conduction characteristics is 
incorporated locally in a part of the first layer region (G) in the 
present invention, the layer region (PN) containing the aforesaid 
substance (C) may desirably be provided as an end portion layer region of 
the first layer region (G). In particular, when the aforesaid layer region 
(PN) is provided as the end portion layer region on the support side of 
the first layer region (G), injection of charges of a specific polarity 
from the support into the amorphous layer can be effectively inhibited by 
selecting suitably the kind and the content of the aforesaid substance (C) 
to be contained in said layer region (PN). 
In the photoconductive member of the present invention, the substance (C) 
capable of controlling the conduction characteristics may be incorporated 
in the first layer region (G) constituting a part of the first amorphous 
layer either evenly throughout the whole region or locally in the 
direction of layer thickness. Further, alternatively, the aforesaid 
substance (C) may also be incorporated in the second layer region (S) 
provided on the first layer region (G). Or, it is also possible to 
incorporate the aforesaid substance (C) in both of the first layer region 
(G) and the second layer region (S). 
When the aforesaid substance (C) is to be incorporated in the second layer 
region (S), the kind and the content of the substance (C) to be 
incorporated in the second layer region (S) as well as its mode of 
incorporation may be determined suitably depending on the kind and the 
content of the substance (C) incorporated in the first layer region (G) as 
well as its mode of incorporation. 
In the present invention, when the aforesaid substance (C) is to be 
incorporated in the second layer region (S), it is preferred that the 
aforesaid substance (C) may be incorporated within the layer region 
containing at least the contacted interface with the first layer region 
(G). 
In the present invention, the aforesaid substance (C) may be contained 
evenly throughout the whole layer region of the second layer region (S) or 
alternatively uniformly in a part of the layer region. 
When the substance (C) for controlling the conduction characteristics is to 
be incorporated in both of the first layer region (G) and the second layer 
region (S), it is preferred that the layer region containing the aforesaid 
substance (C) in the first layer region (G) and the layer region 
containing the aforesaid substance (C) in the second layer region (S) may 
be contacted with each other. 
The aforesaid substance (C) to be incorporated in the first layer region 
(G) may be either the same as or different in kind from that in the second 
layer region (S), and their contents may also be the same or different in 
respective layer regions. 
However, in the present invention, it is preferred that the content of the 
substance (C) in the first layer region (G) is made sufficiently greater 
when the same kind of the substance (C) is employed in respective layer 
regions, or that different kinds of substance (C) with different 
electrical characteristics are incorporated in desired respective layer 
regions. 
In the present invention, by incorporating the substance (C) for 
controlling the conduction characteristics at least in the first layer 
region (G) constituting the first amorphous layer, the conduction 
characteristics of said layer region (PN) can freely be controlled as 
desired. As such a substance (C), there may be mentioned so called 
impurities in the field of semiconductors. In the present invention, there 
may be included P-type impurities giving P-type conduction characteristics 
and N-type impurities giving N-type conduction characteristics. 
More specifically, there may be mentioned as P-type impurities atoms 
belonging to the group III of the periodic table (the group III atoms), 
such as B (boron), Al(aluminum), Ga(gallium), In(indium), Tl(thallium), 
etc., particularly preferably B and Ga. 
As N-type impurities, there may be included the atoms belonging to the 
group V of the periodic table (the group V stoms), such as P(phosphorus), 
As(arsenic), Sb(antimony), Bi(bismuth), etc., particularly preferably P 
and As. 
In the present invention, the content of the substance (C) in said layer 
region (PN) may be suitably be selected depending on the conduction 
characteristics required for said layer region (PN), or when said layer 
region (PN) is provided in direct contact with the support, depending on 
the organic relation such as the relation with the characteristics at the 
contacted interface with the support. 
The content of the substance for controlling the conduction characteristics 
may be suitably selected also with consideration about other layer regions 
provided in direct contact with said layer region (PN) and the 
relationship with the characteristics at the contacted interface with said 
other layer regions. 
In the present invention, the content of the substance (C) for controlling 
the conduction characteristics in the layer region (PN) may be preferably 
0.01 to 5.times.10.sup.4 atomic ppm, more preferably 0.5 to 
1.times.10.sup.4 atomic ppm, most preferably 1 to 5.times.10.sup.3 atomic 
ppm. 
In the present invention, by making the content of the substance (C) in the 
layer region (PN) preferably 30 atomic ppm or more, more preferably 50 
atomic ppm or more, most preferably 100 atomic ppm or more, in case, for 
example, when said substance (C) to be incorporated is a P-type impurity, 
injection of electrons from the support side into the amorphous layer can 
be effectively inhibited when the free surface of the second amorphous 
layer is subjected to the charging treatment at .sym. polarity, or in case 
when the aforesaid substance (C) to be incorporated is a N-type impurity, 
injection of positive holes from the support side into the amorphous layer 
can be effectively inhibited when the free surface of the second amorphous 
layer is subjected to the charging treatment at .crclbar. polarity. 
In the above cases, as described previously, the layer region (Z) excluding 
the aforesaid layer region (PN) may contain a substance (C) with a 
conduction type of a polarity different from that of the substance (C) 
contained in the layer region (PN), or it may contain substance (C) with a 
conduction type of the same polarity as that of the substance (C) in the 
layer region (PN) in an amount by far smaller than the practical amount to 
be contained in the layer region (PN). 
In such a case, the content of the substance (C) for controlling the 
conduction characteristics to be contained in the aforesaid layer region 
(Z), which may suitably be determined as desired depending on the polarity 
and the content of the aforesaid substance (C) contained in the aforesaid 
layer region (PN), may be preferably 0.001 to 1000 atomic ppm, more 
preferably 0.05 to 500 atomic ppm, most preferably 0.1 to 200 atomic ppm. 
In the present invention, when the same kind of the substance (C) is 
contained in the layer region (PN) and the layer region (Z), the content 
in the layer region (Z) may preferably be 30 atomic ppm or less. 
In the present invention, by providing in the first amorphous layer a layer 
region containing a substance (C.sub.1) for controlling the conduction 
characteristics having a conduction type of one polarity and a layer 
region containing a substance (C.sub.2) for controlling the conduction 
characteristics having a conduction type of the other polarity in direct 
contact with each other, there can also be provided a so called depletion 
layer at said contacted region. 
In short, a depletion layer can be provided in the first amorphous layer, 
for example, by providing a layer region (P) containing the aforesaid 
P-type impurity and a layer region (N) containing the aforesaid N-type 
impurity so as to be directly contacted with each other thereby to form a 
so called P-N junction. 
In the photoconductive member of the present invention, for the purpose of 
improvements to higher photosensitivity, higher dark resistance and, 
further, improvement of adhesion between the support and the first 
amorphous layer, it is desirable to incorporate oxygen atoms in the first 
amorphous layer. 
The oxygen atoms contained in the first amorphous layer may be contained 
either evenly throughout the whole layer region of the first amorphous 
layer or locally only in a part of the layer region of the first amorphous 
layer. 
The oxygen atoms may be distributed in the direction of layer thickness of 
the first amorphous layer such that the distribution concentration C(O) 
may be either uniform or ununiform similarly to the distribution state of 
germanium atoms as described by referring to FIGS. 2 through 10. 
In short, the distribution of oxygen atoms when the distribution 
concentration C(O) in the direction of layer thickness is ununiform may be 
explained similarly as in case of the germanium atoms by using FIGS. 2 
through 10. 
In the present invention, the layer region (O) constituting the first 
amorphous layer, when improvements of photosensitivity and dark resistance 
are primarily intended, is provided so as to occupy the whole layer region 
of the first amorphous layer while it is provided so as to occupy the end 
portion layer region on the support side of the first amorphous layer when 
reinforcement of adhesion between the support and the first amorphous 
layer is primarily intended. 
In the former case, the content of oxygen atoms in the layer region (O) may 
be desirably made relatively smaller in order to maintain high 
photosensitivity, while in the latter case the content may be desirably 
made relatively large for ensuring reinforcement of adhesion with the 
support. 
Also, for the purpose of accomplishing both of the former and latter 
objects at the same time, oxygen atoms may be distributed in the layer 
region (O) so that they may be distributed in a relatively higher 
concentration on the support side, and in a relatively lower concentration 
on the free surface side of the second amorphous layer, or no oxygen atom 
may be positively included in the layer region on the free surface side of 
the second amorphous layer. 
The content of oxygen atoms to be contained in the layer region (O) may be 
suitably selected depending on the characteristics required for the layer 
region (O) per se or, when said layer region (O) is provided in direct 
contact with the support, depending on the organic relationship such as 
the relation with the characteristics at the contacted interface with said 
support, and others. 
When another layer region is to be provided in direct contact with said 
layer region (O), the content of oxygen atoms may be suitably selected 
also with considerations about the characteristics of said another layer 
region and the relation with the characteristics of the contacted 
interface with said another layer region. 
The content of oxygen atoms in the layer region (O), which may suitably be 
determined as desired depending on the characteristics required for the 
photoconductive member to be formed, may be preferably 0.001 to 50 atomic 
%, more preferably 0.002 to 40 atomic %, most preferably 0.003 to 30 
atomic %. 
In the present invention, when the layer region (O) occupies the whole 
region of the first amorphous layer or when, although it does not occupy 
the whole layer region, the layer thickness T.sub.O of the layer region 
(O) is sufficiently large relative to the layer thickness T of the first 
amorphous layer, the upper limit of the content of oxygen atoms in the 
layer region (O) is desirably be sufficiently smaller than the aforesaid 
value. 
That is, the such a case when the ratio of the layer thickness T.sub.O of 
the layer region (O) relative to the layer thickness T of the amorphous 
layer is 2/5 or higher, the upper limit of the content of oxygen atoms in 
the layer region (O) may preferably be 30 atomic % or less, more 
preferably 20 atomic % or less, most preferably 10 atomic % or less. 
In the present invention, the layer region (O) constituting the first 
amorphous layer may desirably be provided so as to have a localized region 
(B) containing oxygen atoms in a relatively higher concentration on the 
support side as described above, and in this case, adhesion between the 
support and the first amorphous layer can be further improved. 
The localized region (B), as explained in terms of the symbols shown in 
FIG. 2 through FIG. 10, may be desirably provided within 5.mu. from the 
interface position t.sub.B. 
In the present invention, the above localized region (B) may be made to be 
identical with the whole layer region (L.sub.T) up to the depth of 5.mu. 
thickness from the interface position t.sub.B, or alternatively a part of 
the layer region (L.sub.T). 
It may suitably be determined depending on the characteristics required for 
the first amorphous layer to be formed, whether the localized region (B) 
is made a part or whole of the layer region (L.sub.T). 
The localized region (B) may preferably be formed according to such a layer 
formation that the maximum, Cmax of the distribution concentration of 
oxygen atoms in the layer thickness direction may preferably be 500 atomic 
ppm or more, more preferably 800 atomic ppm or more, most preferably 1000 
atomic ppm or more. 
That is, the layer region (O) may desirably be formed so that the maximum 
value, Cmax of the distribution concentration within a layer thickness of 
5.mu. from the support side (the layer region within 5.mu. thickness from 
t.sub.B). 
In the present invention, formation of a first layer region (G) comprising 
a-SiGe(H, X) may be conducted according to the vacuum deposition method 
utilizing discharging phenomenon, such as glow discharge method, 
sputtering method or ion-plating method. For example, for formation of the 
first layer region (G) comprising a-SiGe(H, X) according to the glow 
discharge method, the basic procedure comprises introducing a starting gas 
capable of supplying silicon atoms (Si) and a starting gas capable of 
supplying germanium atoms (Ge) together with, if necessary, a starting gas 
for introduction of hydrogen atoms (H) or/and a starting gas for 
introduction of halogen atoms (X) into the deposition chamber which can be 
internally brought to a reduced pressure, and exciting glow discharge in 
said deposition chamber, thereby forming a layer comprising a-SiGe(H, X) 
on the surface of a support set a predetermined position. For formation of 
the layer according to the sputtering method, when effecting sputtering by 
use of two sheets of a target constituted of Si and a target constituted 
of Ge or one sheet of a target containing a mixture of Si and Ge, in an 
atmosphere of, for example, an inert gas such as Ar, He, etc. or a gas 
mixture based on these gases, a gas for introduction of hydrogen atoms (H) 
or/and halogen atoms (X) may be optionally introduced into the deposition 
chamber for sputtering. 
The starting gas for supplying Si to be used in the present invention may 
include gaseous or gasifiable hydrogenated silicons (silanes) such as 
SiH.sub.4, Si.sub.2 H.sub.6, Si.sub.3 H.sub.8, Si.sub.4 H.sub.10 and 
others as effective materials. In particular, SiH.sub.4 and Si.sub.2 
H.sub.6 are preferred with respect to easy handling during layer formation 
and efficiency for supplying Si. 
As the substances which can be starting gases for Ge supply, there may be 
included gaseous or gasifiable hydrogenated germanium such as GeH.sub.4, 
Ge.sub.2 H.sub.6, Ge.sub.3 H.sub.8, Ge.sub.4 H.sub.10, Ge.sub.5 H.sub.12, 
Ge.sub.6 H.sub.14, Ge.sub.7 H.sub.16, Ge.sub.8 H.sub.18, Ge.sub.9 H.sub.20 
and the like as effective ones. In particular, for easiness in handling 
during layer forming operations and efficiency in supplying, GeH.sub.4, 
Ge.sub.2 H.sub.6 and Ge.sub.3 H.sub.8 are preferred. 
Effective starting gases for introduction of halogen atoms to be used in 
the present invention may include a large number of halogen compounds, 
including gaseous or gasifiable halogen compounds, as exemplified by 
halogen gases, halides, interhalogen compounds, or silane derivatives 
substituted with halogens. 
Further, there may also be included gaseous or gasifiable hydrogenated 
silicon compounds containing halogen atoms constituted of silicon atoms 
and halogen atoms as constituent elements as effective ones in the present 
invention. 
Typical examples of halogen compounds preferably used in the present 
invention may include halogen gases such as of fluorine, chlorine, bromine 
or iodine, interhalogen compounds such as BrF, ClF, ClF.sub.3, BrF.sub.5, 
BrF.sub.3, IF.sub.3, IF.sub.7, ICl, IBr, etc. 
As the silicon compounds containing halogen atoms, namely so called silane 
derivatives substituted with halogens, there may preferably be employed 
silicon halides such as SiF.sub.4, Si.sub.2 F.sub.6, SiCl.sub.4, 
SiBr.sub.4 and the like. 
When the characteristic photoductive member of the present invention is to 
be formed according to the glow discharge method by employment of such a 
silicon compound containing halogen atoms, it is possible to form a first 
layer region (G) comprising a-SiGe containing halogen atoms on a certain 
support without use of a hydrogenated silicon gas as the starting material 
capable of supplying Si together with a starting gas for Ge supply. 
For formation of a first layer region (G) containing halogen atoms 
according to the glow discharge method, the basic procedure comprises, for 
example, introducing a silicon halide gas as the starting gas for Si 
supply, a hydrogenated germanium as the starting gas for Ge supply and a 
gas such as Ar, H.sub.2, He, etc. at a predetermined mixing ratio and gas 
flow rates into a deposition chamber for formation of the first layer 
region (G) and exciting glow discharging therein to form a plasma 
atmosphere of these gases, whereby the first layer region (G) can be 
formed on a certain support. For the purpose of controlling more easily 
the ratio of hydrogen atoms introduced, these gases may further be admixed 
at a desired level with a gas of a silicon compound containing hydrogen 
atoms. 
Also, the respective gases may be used not only as single species but as a 
mixture of plural species. 
For formation of a first layer region (G) comprising a-SiGe(H, X) according 
to the reactive sputtering method or the ion plating method, for example, 
in case of the sputtering method, sputtering may be effected by use of two 
sheets of a target of Si and a target of Ge or one sheet of a target 
comprising Si and Ge in a certain gas plasma atmosphere; or in case of the 
ion plating method, a polycrystalline silicon or a single crystalline 
silicon and a polycrystalline germanium or a single crystalline germanium 
are each placed as vapor sources in a vapor deposition boat and these 
vapor sources are vaporized by heating according to the resistance heating 
method or the electron beam method (EB method), and the resultant flying 
vaporized product is permitted to pass through the gas plasma atmosphere. 
During this procedure, in either of the sputtering method or the ion 
plating method, introduction of halogen atoms into the layer formed may be 
effected by introducing a gas of a halogen compound or a silicon compound 
containing halogen atoms as described above into the deposition chamber 
and forming a plasma atmosphere of said gas. 
Also, for introduction of hydrogen atoms, a starting gas for introduction 
of hydrogen atoms, such as H.sub.2, or a gas of silanes or/and 
hydrogenated germanium such as those mentioned above may be introduced 
into the deposition chamber and a plasma atmosphere of said gas may be 
formed therein. 
In the present invention, as the starting gas for introduction of halogen 
atoms, the halogen compounds or silicon compounds containing halogens as 
mentioned above can effectively be used. In addition, it is also possible 
to use a gaseous or gasifiable halide containing hydrogen atom as one of 
the constituents such as hydrogen halide, including HF, HCl, HBr, HI and 
the like, halo-substituted hydrogenated silicon, including SiH.sub.2 
F.sub.2, SiH.sub.2 I.sub.2, SiH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, SiHCl.sub.3, SiH.sub.2 
Br.sub.2, SiHBr.sub.3 and the like, and hydrogenated germanium halides, 
including GeHF.sub.3, GeH.sub.2 F.sub.2, GeH.sub.3 F, GeHCl.sub.3, 
GeH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, GeH.sub.3 Cl, GeHBr.sub.3, GeH.sub.2 Br.sub.2, 
GeH.sub.3 Br, GeHI.sub.3, GeH.sub.2 I.sub.2, GeH.sub.3 I and the like; and 
gaseous or gasifiable germanium halides such as GeF.sub.4, GeCl.sub.4, 
GeBr.sub.4, GeI.sub.4, GeF.sub.2, GeCl.sub.2, GeBr.sub.2, GeI.sub.2, and 
so on as an effective starting material for formation of a first amorphous 
layer region (G). 
Among these substances, halides containing hydrogen atom, which can 
introduce hydrogen atoms very effective for controlling electrical or 
photoelectric characteristics into the layer during formation of the first 
layer region (G) simultaneously with introduction of halogen atoms, can 
preferably be used as the starting material for introduction of halogen 
atoms. 
For incorporation of hydrogen atoms structurally into the first layer 
region (G), other than the above method, H.sub.2 or hydrogenated silicon, 
including SiH.sub.4, Si.sub.2 H.sub.6, Si.sub.3 H.sub.8 and Si.sub.4 
H.sub.10 and the like and germanium or a germanium compound for supplying 
Ge, or alternatively a hydrogenated germanium such as GeH.sub.4, Ge.sub.2 
H.sub.6, Ge.sub.3 H.sub.8, Ge.sub.4 H.sub.10, Ge.sub.5 H.sub.12, Ge.sub.6 
H.sub.14, Ge.sub.7 H.sub.16, Ge.sub.8 H.sub.18, Ge.sub.9 H.sub.20 and the 
like and silicon or a silicon compound for supplying Si may be permitted 
to be copresent in a deposition chamber, wherein discharging is excited. 
In preferred embodiments of this invention, the amount of hydrogen atoms 
(H) or halogen atoms (X) incorporated in the first layer region (G) 
constituting the first amorphous layer formed, or total amount of hydrogen 
atoms and halogen atoms (H+X), may be preferably 0.01 to 40 atomic %, more 
preferably 0.05 to 30 atomic %, most preferably 0.1 to 25 atomic %. 
For controlling the amounts of hydrogen atoms (H) or/and halogen atoms (X) 
in the first layer region (G), for example, the support temperature or/and 
the amounts of the starting materials for incorporation of hydrogen atoms 
(H) or halogen atoms (X) to be introduced into the deposition device 
system or the discharging power may be controlled. 
In the present invention, for formation of the second layer region (S) 
comprising a-Si(H, X), the starting materials selected from among the 
starting materials (I) for formation of the first layer region (G) as 
described above except for the starting material as the starting gas for 
Ge supply [that is, the starting materials (II) for formation of the 
second layer region (S)] may be employed, following the same method and 
conditions in case of formation of the first layer region (G). 
That is, in the present invention, formation of a second layer region (S) 
comprising a-Si(H, X) may be conducted according to the vacuum deposition 
method utilizing discharging phenomenon, such as glow discharge method, 
sputtering method or ion-plating method. For example, for formation of the 
second layer region (S) comprising a-Si(H, X) according to the glow 
discharge method, the basic procedure comprises introducing a starting gas 
capable of supplying silicon atoms (Si) together with, if necessary, a 
starting gas for introduction of hydrogen atoms or/and halogen atoms into 
the deposition chamber which can be internally brought to a reduced 
pressure, and exciting glow discharge in said deposition chamber, thereby 
forming a layer comprising a-Si(H, X) on the surface of a support set a 
predetermined position. For formation of the layer according to the 
sputtering method, when effecting sputtering by use of a target 
constituted of Si in an atmosphere of, for example, an inert gas such as 
Ar, He, etc. or a gas mixture based on these gases, a gas for introduction 
of hydrogen atoms (H) or/and halogen atoms (X) may be introduced into the 
deposition chamber for sputtering. 
For formation of a layer region (PN) containing a substance (C) for 
controlling the conduction characteristics, for example, the group III 
atoms or the group V atoms by introducing structurally the substance (C) 
into the layer region constituting the amorphous layer, a starting 
material for introduction of the group III atoms or a starting material 
for introduction of the group V atoms may be introduced under gaseous 
state into the deposition chamber together with other starting materials 
for forming the first amorphous layer. As such starting materials for 
introduction of the group III atoms, there may preferably be used gaseous 
or at least gasifiable compounds under the layer forming conditions. 
Typical examples of such starting materials for introduction of the group 
III atoms may include hydrogenated boron such as B.sub.2 H.sub.6, B.sub.4 
H.sub.10, B.sub.5 H.sub.9, B.sub.5 H.sub.11, B.sub.6 H.sub.10, B.sub.6 
H.sub.12, B.sub.6 H.sub.14 and the like, boron halides such as BF.sub.3, 
BCl.sub.3, BBr.sub.3 and the like for introduction of boron atoms. In 
addition, there may also be employed AlCl.sub.3, GaCl.sub.3, 
Ga(CH.sub.3).sub.3, InCl.sub.3, TlCl.sub.3, etc. 
As the starting material for introduction of the group V atoms to be 
effectively used in the present invention, there may be mentioned 
hydrogenated phosphorus such as PH.sub.3, P.sub.2 H.sub.4 and the like, 
phosphorus halides such as PH.sub.4 I, PF.sub.3, PF.sub.5, PCl.sub.3, 
PCl.sub.5, PBr.sub.3, PBr.sub.5, PI.sub.3 and the like for introduction of 
phosphorus atoms. In addition, there may also be included AsH.sub.3, 
AsF.sub.3, AsCl.sub.3, AsBr.sub.3, AsF.sub.5, SbH.sub.3, SbF.sub.3, 
SbF.sub.5, SbCl.sub.3, SbCl.sub.5, SiH.sub.3, SiCl.sub.3, BiBr.sub.3, etc. 
also as effective starting materials for introduction of the group V 
atoms. 
For formation of the layer region (O) containing oxygen atoms in the first 
amorphous layer, a starting material for introduction of oxygen atoms may 
be used together with the starting material for formation of the first 
amorphous layer as mentioned above during formation of the layer and may 
be incorporated in the layer while controlling their amounts. When the 
glow discharge method is to be employed for formation of the layer region 
(O), a starting material for introduction of oxygen atoms may be added to 
the starting material selected as desired from those for formation of the 
first amorphous layer as mentioned above. As such a starting material for 
introduction of oxygen atoms, there may be employed most of gaseous or 
gasifiable substances containing at least oxygen atoms as constituent 
atoms. 
For example, there may be employed a mixture of a starting gas containing 
silicon atoms (Si) as constituent atoms, a starting gas containing oxygen 
atoms (O) as constituent atoms and optionally a starting gas containing 
hydrogen atoms (H) or/and halogen atoms (X) as constituent atoms at a 
desired mixing ratio; a mixture of a starting gas containing silicon atoms 
(Si) as constituent atoms and a starting gas containing oxygen atoms (O) 
and hydrogen atoms (H) as constituent atoms also at a desired mixing 
ratio; or a mixture of a starting gas containing silicon atoms (Si) as 
constituent atoms and a starting gas containing the three atoms of silicon 
atoms (Si), oxygen atoms (O) and hydrogen atoms (H) as constituent atoms. 
Alternatively, there may also be employed a mixture of a starting gas 
containing silicon atoms (Si) and hydrogen atoms (H) as constituent atoms 
and a starting gas containing oxygen atoms (O) as constituent atoms. 
More specifically, there may be mentioned, for example, oxygen (O.sub.2), 
ozone (O.sub.3), nitrogen monooxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), 
dinitrogen monooxide (N.sub.2 O), dinitrogen trioxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.3), 
dinitrogen tetraoxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.4), dinitrogen pentaoxide (N.sub.2 
O.sub.5), nitrogen trioxide (NO.sub.3), and lower siloxanes containing 
silicon atoms (Si), oxgen atoms (O) and hydrogen atoms (H) as constituent 
atoms such as disiloxane H.sub.3 SiOSiH.sub.3, trisiloxane H.sub.3 
SiOSiH.sub.2 OSiH.sub.3, and the like. 
For formation of the layer region (O) containing oxygen atoms according to 
the sputtering method, a single crystalline or polycrystalline Si wafer or 
SiO.sub.2 wafer or a wafer containing Si and SiO.sub.2 mixed therein may 
be employed and sputtering of these wafers may be conducted in various gas 
atmosphere. 
For example, when Si wafer is employed as the target, a starting gas for 
introduction of oxygen atoms optionally together with a starting gas for 
introduction of hydrogen atoms or/and halogen atoms, which may optionally 
be diluted with a diluting gas, may be introduced into a deposition 
chamber for sputtering to form gas plasma of these gases, in which 
sputtering with the aforesaid Si wafer may be effected. 
Alternatively, by use of separate targets of Si and SiO.sub.2 or one sheet 
of a target containing Si and SiO.sub.2 mixed therein, sputtering may be 
effected in an atmosphere of a diluting gas as a gas for sputtering or in 
a gas atmosphere containing at least hydrogen atoms (H) or/and halogen 
atoms (X) as constituent atoms. As the starting gas for introduction of 
oxygen atoms, there may be employed the starting gases shown as examples 
in the glow discharge method previously described also as effective gases 
in case of sputtering. 
In the present invention, when providing a layer region (O) containing 
oxygen atoms during formation of the first amorphous layer, formation of 
the layer region (O) having a desired distribution state (depth profile) 
of oxygen atoms in the direction of layer thickness formed by varying the 
distribution concentration C(O) of oxygen atoms contained in said layer 
region (O) may be conducted in case of glow discharge by introducing a 
starting gas for introduction of oxygen atoms into a deposition chamber, 
while varying suitably its gas flow rate according to a desired change 
rate curve. For example, by the manual method or any other method 
conventionally used such as an externally driven motor, etc., the opening 
of a certain needle valve provided in the course of the gas flow channel 
system may be gradually varied. During this procedure, the rate of 
variation in the gas flow rate is not necessarily required to be linear, 
but the gas flow rate may be controlled according to a variation rate 
curve previously designed by means of, for example, a microcomputer to 
give a deisred content curve. 
In case when the layer region (O) is formed by the sputtering method, a 
first method for formation of a desired distribution state (depth profile) 
of oxygen atoms in the direction of layer thickness by varying the 
distribution concentration C(O) of oxygen atoms in the direction of layer 
thickness may be performed similarly as in case of the glow discharge 
method by employing a starting material for introduction of oxygen atoms 
under gaseous state and varying suitably as desired the gas flow rate of 
said gas when introduced into the deposition chamber. 
Secondly, formation of such a depth profile can also be achieved by 
previously changing the composition of a target for sputtering. For 
example, when a target comprising a mixture of Si and SiO.sub.2 is to be 
used, the mixing ratio of Si to SiO.sub.2 may be varied in the direction 
of layer thickness of the target. 
The support to be used in the present invention may be either 
electroconductive or insulating. As the electroconductive material, there 
may be mentioned metals such as NiCr, stainless steel, Al, Cr, Mo, Au, Nb, 
Ta, V, Ti, Pt, Pd etc. or alloys thereof. 
As insulating supports, there may usually be used films or sheets of 
synthetic resins, including polyester, phlyethylene, polycarbonate, 
cellulose acetate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene 
chloride, polystyrene, polyamide, etc., glasses, ceramics, papers and so 
on. These insulating supports should preferably have at least one surface 
subjected to electroconductive treatment, and it is desirable to provide 
other layers on the side at which said electroconductive treatment has 
been applied. 
For example, electroconductive treatment of a glass can be effected by 
providing a thin film of NiCr, Al, Cr, Mo, Au, Ir, Nb, Ta, V, Ti, Pt, Pd, 
In.sub.2 O.sub.3, SnO.sub.2, ITO (IN.sub.2 O.sub.3 +SnO.sub.2) thereon. 
Alternatively, a synthetic resin film such as polyester film can be 
subjected to the electroconductive treatment on its surface by vacuum 
vapor deposition, electron-beam deposition or sputtering of a metal such 
as NiCr, Al, Ag, Pb, Zn, Ni, Au, Cr, Mo, Ir, Nb, Ta, V, Ti, Pt, etc. or by 
laminating treatment with said metal, thereby imparting 
electroconductivity to the surface. The support may be shaped in any form 
such as cylinders, belts, plates or others, and its form may be determined 
as desired. For example, when the photoconductive member 100 in FIG. 1 is 
to be used as an image forming member for electrophotography, it may 
desirably be formed into an endless belt or a cylinder for use in 
continuous high speed copying. The support may have a thickness, which is 
conveniently determined so that a photoconductive member as desired may be 
formed. When the photoconductive member is required to have a flexibility, 
the support is made as thin as possible, so far as the function of a 
support can be exhibited. However, in such a case, the thickness is 
generally 10.mu. or more from the points of fabrication and handling of 
the support as well as its mechanical strength. 
The second amorphous layer (II) 105 formed on the first amorphous layer (I) 
102 in the photoconductive member 100 as shown in FIG. 1 has a free 
surface and provided primarily for the purpose of accomplishing the 
objects of the present invention with respect to humidity resistance, 
continuous and repeated use characteristics, dielectric strength, 
environmental characteristics during use and durability. 
Also, in the present invention, since each of the amorphous materials 
forming the first amorphous layer (I) 102 and the second amorphous layer 
(II) 105 have the common constituent of silicon atom, chemical stability 
is sufficiently ensured at the laminated interface. 
The second amorphous layer (II) comprises an amorphous material containing 
silicon atoms (Si), carbon atoms (C) and optionally hydrogen atoms (H) 
or/and halogen atoms (X) (hereinafter written as "a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y, where 0&lt;x, y&lt;1). 
Formation of the second amorphous layer (II) comprising a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y may be performed according to the glow 
discharge method, the sputtering method, the ion implantation method, the 
ion plating method, the electron beam method, etc. These preparation 
methods may be suitably selected depending on various factors such as the 
preparation conditions, the degree of the load for capital investment for 
installations, the production scale, the desirable characteristics 
required for the photoconductive member to be prepared, etc. For the 
advantages of relatively easy control of the preparation conditions for 
preparing photoconductive members having desired characteristics and easy 
introduction of silicon atoms and carbon atoms, optionally together with 
hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, into the second amorphous layer (II) to 
be prepared, there may preferably be employed the glow discharge method or 
the sputtering method. 
Further, in the present invention, the second amorphous layer (II) may be 
formed by using the glow discharge method and the sputtering method in 
combination in the same device system. 
For formation of the second amorphous layer (II) according to the glow 
discharge method, starting gases for formation of a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y, optionally mixed at a predetermined mixing 
ratio with diluting gas, may be introduced into a deposition chamber for 
vacuum deposition in which a support is placed, and the gas introduced is 
made into a gas plasma by excitation of glow discharging, thereby 
depositing a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y on the first 
amorphous layer (I) which has already been formed on the aforesaid 
support. 
As the starting gases for formation of a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y 
(H,X).sub.1-y to be used in the present invention, it is possible to use 
most of gaseous substances or gasified gasifiable substances containing at 
least one of Si, C, H and X as constituent atoms. 
In case when a starting gas having Si as constituent atoms as one of Si, C, 
H and X is employed, there may be employed, for example, a mixture of a 
starting gas containing Si as constituent atom, and a starting gas 
containing C as constituent atom, and optionally a starting gas containing 
H as constituent atom or/and a starting gas containing X as constituent 
atom at a desired mixing ratio, or alternatively a mixture of a starting 
gas containing Si as constituent atoms and a starting gas containing C and 
H as constituent atoms or/and a starting gas containing C and X as 
constituent atoms also at a desired mixing ratio, or a mixture of a 
starting gas containing Si as constituent atoms and a gas containing three 
atoms of Si,C and H as constituent atoms or a gas containing three atoms 
of Si, C and X as constituent atoms. 
Alternatively, it is also possible to use a mixture of a starting gas 
containing Si and H as constituent atoms with a starting gas containing C 
as constituent atom, or a mixture of a starting gas containing Si and X as 
constituent atoms with a starting gas containing C as constituent atom. 
In the present invention, preferable halogen atoms (X) to be contained in 
the second amorphous layer (II) are F, Cl, Br and I, particularly 
preferably F and Cl. 
In the present invention, the compounds which can be effectively used as 
starting gases for formation of the second amorphous layer (II) may 
include those which are gaseous at normal temperature and normal pressure 
or can be easily be gasified. 
In the present invention, the starting gases effectively used for formation 
of the second amorphous layer (II) may include hydrogenated silicon gases 
containing Si and H as constituent atoms such as silanes (e.g. SiH.sub.4, 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6, Si.sub.3 H.sub.8, Si.sub.4 H.sub.10, etc.), compounds 
containing C and H as constituent atoms such as saturated hydrocarbons 
having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, ethylenic hydrocarbons having 2 to 5 carbon 
atoms and acetylenic hydrocarbons having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, single 
halogen substances, hydrogen halides, interhalogen compounds, silicon 
halides, halo-substituted hydrogenated silicons, hydrogenated silicons and 
the like. 
More specifically, there may be included, as saturated hydrocarbons, 
methane (CH.sub.4), ethane (C.sub.2 H.sub.6), propane (C.sub.3 H.sub.8), 
n-butane (n-C.sub.4 H.sub.10), pentane (C.sub.5 H.sub.12); as ethylenic 
hydrocarbons, ethylene (C.sub.2 H.sub.4), propylene (C.sub.3 H.sub.6), 
butene-1 (C.sub.4 H.sub.8), butene-2 (C.sub.4 H.sub.8), isobutylene 
(C.sub.4 H.sub.8), pentene (C.sub.5 H.sub.10); as acetylenic hydrocarbons, 
acetylene (C.sub.2 H.sub.2), methyl acetylene (C.sub.3 H.sub.4), butyne 
(C.sub.4 H.sub.6); as single halogen substances, halogen gases such as of 
fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine; as hydrogen halides, HF, HI, HCl, 
HBr; as interhalogen compounds BrF, ClF, ClF.sub.3, ClF.sub.5, BrF.sub.5, 
BrF.sub.3, IF.sub.7, IF.sub.5, ICl, IBr; as silicon halides, SiF.sub.4, 
Si.sub.2 F.sub.6, SiCl.sub.4, SiCl.sub.3 Br, SiCl.sub.2 Br.sub.2, 
SiClBr.sub.3, SiCl.sub.3 I, SiBr.sub.4, as halo-substituted hydrogenated 
silicon, SiH.sub.2 F.sub.2, SiH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, SiHCl.sub.3, SiH.sub.3 Cl, 
SiH.sub.3 Br, SiH.sub.2 Br.sub.2, SiHBr.sub.3 ; as hydrogenated silicon, 
silanes such as SiH.sub.4, Si.sub.2 H.sub.6, Si.sub.4 H.sub.10, etc; and 
so on. 
In addition to these materials, there may also be employed halo-substituted 
paraffinic hydrocarbons such as CF.sub.4, CCl.sub.4, CBr.sub.4, CHF.sub.3, 
CH.sub.2 F.sub.2, CH.sub.3 F, CH.sub.3 Cl, CH.sub.3 Br, CH.sub.3 I, 
C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Cl and the like, fluorinated sulfur compounds such as 
SF.sub.4, SF.sub.6 and the like; alkyl silanes such as Si(CH.sub.3).sub.4, 
Si(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.4, etc.; halo-containing alkyl silanes such as 
SiCl(CH.sub.3).sub.3, SiCl.sub.2 (CH.sub.3).sub.2, SiCl.sub.3 CH.sub.3 and 
the like, as effective materials. 
These materials for forming the second amorphous layer (II) may be selected 
and employed as desired during formation of the second amorphous layer 
(II) so that silicon atoms, carbon atoms, and halogen atoms and optionally 
hydrogen atoms may be contained at a desired composition ratio in the 
second amorphous layer (II) to be formed. 
For example, Si(CH.sub.3).sub.4 capable of incorporating easily silicon 
atoms, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms and forming a layer with desired 
characteristics together with a material for incorporation of halogen 
atoms such as SiHCl.sub.3, SiH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, SiCl.sub.4 or SiH.sub.3 Cl, 
may be introduced at a certain mixing ratio under gaseous state into a 
device for formation of the second amorphous layer (II), wherein glow 
discharging is excited thereby to form a second amorphous layer (II) 
comprising a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y (Cl+H).sub.1-y. 
For formation of the second amorphous layer (II) according to the 
sputtering method, a single crystalline or polycrystalline Si wafer or C 
wafer or a wafer containing Si and C mixed therein is used as target and 
subjected to sputtering in an atmosphere of various gases containing, if 
desired, halogen atoms or/and hydrogen atoms as constituent atoms. 
For example, when Si wafer is used as target, a starting gas for 
introducing C and H or/and X, which may be diluted with a diluting gas, if 
desired, may be introduced into a deposition chamber for sputter to form a 
gas plasma therein and effect sputtering with said Si wafer. 
Alternatively, Si and C as separate targets or one sheet target of a 
mixture of Si and C can be used and sputtering is effected in a gas 
atmosphere containing, if necessary, hydrogen atoms or/and halogen atoms. 
As the starting gas for introduction of C, H and X, there may be employed 
the materials for formation of the second amorphous layer (II) as 
mentioned in the glow discharge as described above as effective gases also 
in case of sputtering. 
In the present invention, as the diluting gas to be used in forming the 
second amorphous layer (II) by the glow discharge method or the sputtering 
method, there may preferably be employed so called rare gases such as He, 
Ne, Ar and the like. 
The second amorphous layer (II) in the present invention should be 
carefully formed so that the required characteristics may be given exactly 
as desired. 
That is, a substance containing as constituent atoms Si, C and, if 
necessary, H or/and X can take various forms from crystalline to 
amorphous, electrical properties from conductive through semiconductive to 
insulating and photoconductive properties from photoconductive to 
non-photoconductive depending on the preparation conditions. Therefore, in 
the present invention, the preparation conditions are strictly selected as 
desired so that there may be formed a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y 
(H,X).sub.1-y having desired characteristics depending on the purpose. For 
example, when the second amorphous layer (II) is to be provided primarily 
for the purpose of improvement of dielectric strength, a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y is prepared as an amorphous material having 
marked electric insulating behaviours under the usage conditions. 
Alternatively, when the primary purpose for provision of the second 
amorphous layer (II) is improvement of continuous repeated use 
characteristics or environmental use characteristics, the degree of the 
above electric insulating property may be alleviated to some extent and 
a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y may be prepared as an amorphous 
material having sensitivity to some extent to the light irradiated. 
In forming the second amorphous layer (II) comprising a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y on the surface of the first amorphous layer 
(I), the support temperature during layer formation is an important factor 
having influences on the structure and the characteristics of the layer to 
be formed, and it is desired in the present invention to control severely 
the support temperature during layer formation so that a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y having intended characteristics may be 
prepared as desired. 
As the support temperature in forming the second amorphous layer (II) for 
accomplishing effectively the objects in the present invention, there may 
be selected suitably the optimum temperature range in conformity with the 
method for forming the second amorphous layer in carrying out formation of 
the second amorphous layer (II). Preferably, however, the support 
temperature may be 20.degree. to 400.degree. C., more preferably 
50.degree. to 350.degree. C., most preferably 100.degree. to 300.degree. 
C. For formation of the second amorphous layer (II), the glow discharge 
method or the sputtering method may be advantageously adopted, because 
severe control of the composition ratio of atoms constituting the layer or 
control of layer thickness can be conducted with relative ease as compared 
with other methods. In case when the second amorphous layer (II) is to be 
formed according to these layer forming methods, the discharging power 
during layer formation is one of important factors influencing the 
characteristics of a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y to be 
prepared, similarly as the aforesaid support temperature. 
The discharging power condition for preparing effectively a-(Si.sub.x 
C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y having characteristics for accomplishing 
the objects of the present invention with good productivity may preferably 
be 10 to 300 W, more preferably 20 to 250 W, most preferably 50 to 200 W. 
The gas pressure in a deposition chamber may preferably be 0.01 to 1 Torr, 
more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 Torr. 
In the present invention, the above numerical ranges may be mentioned as 
preferable numerical ranges for the support temperature, discharging 
power, etc. However, these factors for layer formation are not determined 
separately independently of each other, but it is desirable that the 
optimum values of respective layer forming factors may be determined 
desirably based on mutual organic relationships so that a second amorphous 
layer II comprising a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y having 
desired characteristics may be formed. 
The content of carbon atoms in the second amorphous layer (II) in the 
photoconductive member of the present invention is an important factor for 
obtaining the desired characteristics to accomplish the objects of the 
present invention, similarly as the conditions for preparation of the 
second amorphous layer (II). 
The content of carbon atoms in the second amorphous layer (II) may be 
suitably determined depending on the kind of amorphous material for 
forming said layer and its property. 
That is, the amorphous material represented by the above formula 
a-(Si.sub.x C.sub.1-x).sub.y (H,X).sub.1-y may be classified broadly into 
an amorphous material constituted of silicon atoms and carbon atoms 
(hereinafter written as "a-Si.sub.a C.sub.1-a ", where 0&lt;a&lt;1), an 
amorphous material constituted of silicon atoms, carbon atoms and hydrogen 
atoms (hereinafter written as "a-(Si.sub.b C.sub.1-b).sub.c H.sub.1-c, 
where 0&lt;b, c&lt;1) and an amorphous material constituted of silicon atoms, 
carbon atoms and halogen atoms and optionally hydrogen atoms (hereinafter 
written as "a-(Si.sub.d C.sub.1-d).sub.e (H,X).sub.1-e ", where 0&lt;d, e&lt;1). 
In the present invention, the content of carbon atoms contained in the 
second amorphous layer (II), when it is constituted of a-Si.sub.a 
C.sub.1-a, may be preferably 1.times.10.sup.-3 to 90 atomic %, more 
preferably 1 to 80 atomic %, most preferably 10 to 75 atomic %. That is, 
in terms of the aforesaid representation a in the formula a-Si.sub.a 
C.sub.1-a, a may be preferably 0.1 to 0.99999, more preferably 0.2 to 
0.99, most preferably 0.25 to 0.9. 
In the present invention, when the second amorphous layer (II) is 
constituted of a-(Si.sub.b C.sub.1-b).sub.c H.sub.1-c, the content of 
carbon atoms contained in said layer (II) may be preferably 
1.times.10.sup.-3 to 90 atomic %, more preferably 1 to 90 atomic %, most 
preferably 10 to 80 atomic %. The content of hydrogen atoms may be 
preferably 1 to 40 atomic %, more preferably 2 to 35 atomic %, most 
preferably 5 to 30 atomic %. A photoconductive member formed to have a 
hydrogen atom content within these ranges is sufficiently applicable as an 
excellent one in practical applications. 
That is, in terms of the representation by a-(Si.sub.b C.sub.1-b).sub.c 
H.sub.1-c, b may be preferably 0.1 to 0.99999, more preferably 0.1 to 
0.99, most preferably 0.15 to 0.9, and c preferably 0.6 to 0.99, more 
preferably 0.65 to 0.98, most preferably 0.7 to 0.95. 
When the second amorphous layer (II) is constituted of a-(Si.sub.d 
C.sub.1-d).sub.e (H,X).sub.1-e, the content of carbon atoms contained in 
said layer (II) may be preferably 1.times.10.sup.-3 to 90 atomic %, more 
preferably 1 to 90 atomic %, most preferably 10 to 80 atomic %. The 
content of halogen atoms may be preferably 1 to 20 atomic %, more 
preferably 1 to 18 atomic %, most preferably 2 to 15 atomic %. A 
photoconductive member formed to have a halogen atom content within these 
ranges is sufficiently applicable as an excellent one in practical 
applications. The content of hydrogen atoms to be optionally contained may 
be preferably 19 atomic % or less, more preferably 13 atomic % or less. 
That is, in terms of the representation by a-(Si.sub.d C.sub.1-d).sub.e 
(H,X).sub.1-e, d may be preferably 0.1 to 0.99999, more preferably 0.1 to 
0.99, most preferably 0.15 to 0.9, and e preferably 0.8 to 0.99, more 
preferably 0.82 to 0.99, most preferably 0.85 to 0.98. 
The range of the numerical value of layer thickness of the second amorphous 
layer (II) is one of important factors for accomplishing effectively the 
objects of the present invention. 
It may be desirably determined depending on the intended purpose so as to 
effectively accomplish the objects of the present invention. 
The layer thickness of the second amorphous layer (II) is required to be 
determined as desired suitably with due considerations about the 
relationships with the contents of carbon atoms, the layer thickness of 
the first amorphous layer (I), as well as other organic relationships with 
the characteristics required for respective layer regions. In addition, it 
is also desirable to have considerations from economical point of view 
such as productivity or capability of mass production. 
The second amorphous layer (II) in the present invention is desired to have 
a layer thickness preferably of 0.003 to 30.mu., more preferably 0.004 to 
20.mu., most preferably 0.005 to 10.mu.. 
Next, an example of the process for producing the photoconductive member of 
this invention is to be briefly described. 
FIG. 11 shows one example of a device for producing a photoconductive 
member. 
In the gas bombs 1102-1106 there are hermetically contained starting gases 
for formation of the photoconductive member of the present invention. For 
example, 1102 is a bomb containing SiH.sub.4 gas (purity: 99.999%) diluted 
with He (hereinafter abbreviated as "SiH.sub.4 /He"), 1103 is a bomb 
containing GeH.sub.4 gas (purity: 99.999%) diluted with He (hereinafter 
abbreviated as "GeH.sub.4 /He"), 1104 is a bomb containing SiF.sub.4 gas 
(purity: 99.99%) diluted with He (hereinafter abbreviated as "SiF.sub.4 
/He"), 1105 is a bomb containing NO gas (purity: 99.999%) and 1106 is a 
bomb containing C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas (purity: 99.999%). 
For allowing these gases to flow into the reaction chamber 1101, on 
confirmation of the valves 1122-1126 of the gas bombs 1102-1106 and the 
leak valve 1135 to be closed, and the inflow valves 1112-1116, the outflow 
valves 1117-1121 and the auxiliary valves 1132, 1133 to be opened, the 
main valve 1134 is first opened to evacuate the reaction chamber 1101 and 
the gas pipelines. As the next step, when the reading on the vacuum 
indicator 1136 becomes about 5.times.10.sup.-6 Torr, the auxiliary valves 
1132, 1133 and the outflow valves 1117-1121 are closed. 
Referring now to an example of forming a first amorphous layer (I) on the 
cylindrical substrate 1137, SiH.sub.4 /He gas from the gas bomb 1102, 
GeH.sub.4 /He gas from the gas bomb 1103 and NO gas from the gas bomb 1105 
are permitted to flow into the mass-flow controllers 1107, 1108, 1110 by 
opening the valves 1122, 1123, 1125, respectively, and controlling the 
pressures at the outlet pressure gauges 1127, 1128, 1130 to 1 Kg/cm.sup.2 
and opening gradually the inflow valves 1112, 1113, 1115. Subsequently, 
the outflow valves 1117, 1118, 1120 and the auxiliary valve 1132 are 
gradually opened to permit respective gases to flow into the reaction 
chamber 1101. The outflow valves 1117, 1118, 1120 are controlled so that 
the flow rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 /He, GeH.sub.4 /He, and NO may have a 
desired value and opening of the main valve 1134 is also controlled while 
watching the reading on the vacuum indicator 1136 so that the pressure in 
the reaction chamber 1101 may reach a desired value. And, after confirming 
that the temperature of the substrate 1137 is set at 
50.degree.-400.degree. C. by the heater 1138, the power source 1140 is set 
at a desired power to excite glow discharge in the reaction chamber 1101. 
The glow discharging is maintained for a desired period of time until a 
first layer region (G) is formed on the substrate 1137. At the stage when 
the first layer regin (G) is formed to a desired layer thickness, 
following the same conditions and the procedure as in formation of the 
first layer region except for closing completely the outflow valve 1118 
and changing the discharging conditions, if desired, glow discharging is 
maintained for a desired period of time, whereby a second layer region (S) 
containing substantially no germanium atom can be formed on the first 
layer region (G). 
For incorporation of a substance for controlling the conduction 
characteristics in the first layer region (G), the second layer region (S) 
or both thereof, a gas such as B.sub.2 H.sub.6, PH.sub.3 etc. may be added 
into the gases to be introduced into the deposition chamber 1101 during 
formation of respective layer regions. 
For incorporating halogen atoms into the first amorphous layer (I), for 
example SiF.sub.4 gas may be further added to the above gases to excite 
the glow discharge. 
Further, for incorporating halogen atoms instead of hydrogen atoms into the 
first amorphous layer (I), SiF.sub.4 /He gas and GeF.sub.4 /He gas may be 
employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and GeH.sub.4 /He gas. 
Formation of a second amorphous layer (II) on the first amorphous layer (I) 
which have been formed to a desired thickness may be carried out according 
to the same valve operation as in case of formation of the first amorphous 
layer (I), for example, by permitting SiH.sub.4 gas, and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
gas, optionally diluted with a diluting gas such as He, to flow into the 
reaction chamber and exciting glow discharging in said chamber following 
the desired conditions. 
For incorporation of halogen atoms in the second amorphous layer (II), for 
example, SiF.sub.4 gas and C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas, or a mixture of these 
gases with SiH.sub.4 gas may be employed and the second amorphous layer 
(II) can be formed similarly as described above. 
Needless to say, outflow valves other than those for the gas bombs used in 
forming the respective layers are all closed. Further, for the purpose of 
avoiding the gas for formation of the previous layer from remaining in the 
chamber 1101 and the gas pipelines from the outflow valves 1117-1121 to 
the chamber 1101, the inside of the system is once brought to high vacuum 
state, if necessary, by closing the ouflow valves 1117-1121, opening the 
auxiliary valves 1132, 1133 and fully opening the main valve 1134. 
The content of carbon atoms to be contained in the second amorphous layer 
(II) can be controlled as desired by, for example, varying the flow rate 
ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas to be introduced into the 
reaction chamber 1101 when layer formation is effected by glow discharge; 
or, when layer formation is done by sputtering, by varying the sputter 
area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite wafer when forming a target or by 
varying the mixing ratio of silicon powder to graphite powder in molding 
of target. The content of halogen atoms (X) to be contained in the second 
amorphous layer (II) may be controlled by controlling the flow rate of a 
starting gas for introduction of halogen atoms, for example, SiF.sub.4 gas 
into the reaction chamber 1101. 
In the course of layer formation, for the purpose of effecting uniform 
layer formation, the substrate 1137 may desirably be rotated at a constant 
speed by a motor 1139. 
The photoconductive member of the present invention designed to have layer 
constitution as described above can overcome all of the problems as 
mentioned above and exhibit very excellent electrical, optical, 
photoconductive characteristics, dielectric strength and good 
environmental characteristics in use. 
In particular, when it is applied as an image forming member for 
electrophotography, it is free from any influence of residual potential on 
image formation at all, being stable in its electrical properties with 
high sensitivity and having high SN ratio as well as excellent light 
fatigue resistance and repeated usage characteristics, whereby it is 
possible to obtain stably and repeatedly images of high quality with high 
concentration, clear halftone and high resolution. 
Further, the photoconductive member of the present invention is high in 
photosensitivity in the entire visible light region, particularly 
excellent in matching to a semiconductor laser and rapid in light 
response. 
EXAMPLE 1 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the conditions as indicated in 
Table A1 to obtain an image forming member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 
0.3 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the 
light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 
2 lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a positively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper subjected to corona 
charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high 
density which was excellent in resolution and good in halftone 
reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 2 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions were changed 
to those as shown in Table A2 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 1 except that the polarity in corona charging and 
the charged polarity of the developer were made opposite to those in 
Example 1, respectively, to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 3 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conditions were changed 
to those as shown in Table A3 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 1 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 4 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 1 
except that the content of germanium atoms in the first layer was varied 
by varying the flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas 
as shown in Table A4 to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 1 to obtain the results as shown in Table A4. 
EXAMPLE 5 
Respective image forming members were prepared in the same manner as in 
Example 1 except that the layer thickness of the first layer constituting 
the amorphous layer (I) was varied as shown in Table A5. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 1 to obtain the results as shown in Table A5. 
EXAMPLE 6 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the conditions as indicated in 
Table A6 to obtain an image forming member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 
0.3 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the 
light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 
2 lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a positively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which 
was excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 7 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 1, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred tone images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 1 except that electrostatic images 
were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm 
in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there 
could be obtained clear images of high quality which are excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 8 
Image forming members for electrophotography (23 samples of Sample Nos. 
8-201A to 8-208A, 8-301A to 8-308A and 8-601A to 8-608A) were prepared by 
following the same conditions and procedures as in Examples 2, 3 and 5, 
respectively, except that the conditions for preparation of the amorphous 
layer (II) were changed to the respective conditions as shown in Table A7 
below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a copier, 
subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed 
immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light source, a 
tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 1.0 lux.sec. 
The latent image was developed with a positively charged developer 
(containing toner and carrier) and transferred onto a plain paper. The 
transferred image was found to be very good. The toner not transferred 
remaining on the image forming member for electrophotography was subjected 
to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such steps were repeated for 100,000 
times or more, but no deterioration of image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table A8. 
EXAMPLE 9 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 1, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the area 
ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during formation of the amorphous layer 
(II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, the steps of 
image making, development and cleaning as described in Example 1 were 
repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain 
the results as shown in Table A9. 
EXAMPLE 10 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 1, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, 
the steps to transfer as described in Example 1 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table A10. 
EXAMPLE 11 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 1, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 1 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table A11. 
EXAMPLE 12 
Image forming members were prepared according to the same method as in 
Example 1, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous layer (II) was 
varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, development and 
cleaning as described in Example 1 were repeated to obtain the results 
shown in Table A12. 
EXAMPLE 13 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed on a cylindrical aluminum 
substrate under the conditions as indicated in Table B1. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 
0.3 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the 
light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 
2 lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a positively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which 
was excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 14 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
13 except that the conditions were changed to those as shown in Table B2. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 13 except that the polarity in corona charging 
and the charged polarity of the developer were made opposite to those in 
Example 13, respectively, to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 15 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
13 except that the conditions were changed to those as shown in Table B3. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 13 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 16 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 13 
except that the content of germanium atoms in the first layer was varied 
by varying the flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas 
as shown in Table B4 to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 13 to obtain the results as shown in Table B4. 
EXAMPLE 17 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 13 
except that the layer thickness of the first layer was varied as shown in 
Table B5 to prepare image forming members for electrophotography, 
respectively. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 13 to obtain the results as shown in Table B5. 
EXAMPLE 18 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed on a cylindrical aluminum 
substrate in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the first 
amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions as indicated in Table 
B6. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 
0.3 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the 
light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 
2 lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a positively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which 
was excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 19 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 13, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 13 except that electrostatic image 
were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm 
in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there 
could be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 20 
Image forming members for electrophotography (24 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201B to 12-208B, 12-301B to 12-308B and 12-601B to 12-608B) were 
prepared by following the same conditions and procedures as in Examples 
14, 15 and 17, respectively, except that the conditions for preparation of 
the amorphous layer (II) were changed to the respective conditions as 
shown in Table B11 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a copier, 
subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed 
immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light source, a 
tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 1.0 lux.sec. 
The latent image was developed with a positively charged developer 
(containing toner and carrier) and transferred onto a plain paper. The 
transferred image was found to be very good. The toner not transferred 
remaining on the image forming member for electrophotography was subjected 
to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such steps were repeated for 100,000 
times or more, but no deterioration of image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table B8. 
EXAMPLE 21 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 13, except that sputtering was employed and the 
content ratio of silicon atoms to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous 
layer (II) by varying the area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 13 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table B9. 
EXAMPLE 22 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 13, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms 
and carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the 
flow rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation 
of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming 
members, the steps to transfer as described in Example 13 were repeated 
for about 50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the 
results as shown in Table B10. 
EXAMPLE 23 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 13, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 13 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table B11. 
EXAMPLE 24 
Image forming members were prepared according to the same method as in 
Example 13, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous layer (II) 
was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, development and 
cleaning as described in Example 13 were repeated to obtain the results 
shown in Table B12. 
Example 25 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed on a cylindrical aluminum 
substrate under the conditions as indicated in Table C1. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .crclbar.5.0 KV for 
0.3 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the 
light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 
2 lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which 
was excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 26 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
25 except that the conditions were changed to those as shown in Table C2. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 25 except that the polarity in corona charging 
and the charged polarity of the developer were made opposite to those in 
Example 25, respectively, to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 27 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
25 except that the conditions were changed to those as shown in Table C3. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 25 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 28 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 25 
except that the content of germanium atoms in the first layer was varied 
by varying the flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas 
as shown in Table C4 to prepare image forming members (Sample Nos. 
401C-408C) for electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the same forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 25 to obtain the results as shown in Table C4. 
EXAMPLE 29 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 25 
except that the layer thickness of the first layer was varied as shown in 
Table C5 to prepare image forming members (Sample Nos. 501C-508C) for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 25 to obtain the results as shown in Table C5. 
EXAMPLE 30 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the conditions as indicated in 
Tables C6 to C8 to obtain image forming member (Sample Nos. 601C, 602C, 
603C), for electrophotography respectively. 
The image forming members thus obtained were set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 31 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, image forming 
members (Sample Nos. 701C, 702C) for electrophotography were formed in the 
same manner as in Example 25 except that the conditions were changed to 
those as shown in Tables C9 and C10. 
Using each of the thus obtained image forming members, images were formed 
on transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 25 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 32 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, image forming 
members (Sample Nos. 801C-805C) for electrophotography were formed in the 
same manner as in Example 25 except that the conditions were changed to 
those as shown in Tables C11 to C15. 
Using each of the thus obtained image forming members, images were formed 
on transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 25 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 33 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 25, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 25 except that electrostatic images 
were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm 
in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there 
could be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 34 
Image forming members for electrophotography (16 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201C to 12-208C, 12-301C to 12-308C) were prepared by following the 
same conditions and procedures as in Examples 26 and 27, respectively, 
except that the conditions for preparation of the amorphous layer (II) 
were changed to the respective conditions as shown in Table C16 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a copier, 
subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.12 sec., followed 
immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light source, a 
tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at a dose of 1.0 
lux.sec. The latent image was developed with a negatively charged 
developer (containing toner and carrier) and transferred onto a plain 
paper. The transferred image was found to be very good. The toner not 
transferred remaining on the image forming member for electrophotography 
was subjected to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such steps were repeated 
for 100,000 times or more, but no deterioration of image was observed in 
any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table C16A. 
EXAMPLE 35 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 25, except that sputtering was employed and the 
content ratio of silicon atoms to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous 
layer (II) by varying the area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 25 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table C17. 
EXAMPLE 36 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 25, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, 
the steps to transfer as described in Example 25 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table C18. 
EXAMPLE 37 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 25, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 25 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table C19. 
EXAMPLE 38 
Image forming members were prepared according to the same method as in 
Example 25, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous layer (II) 
was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, development and 
cleaning as described in Example 25 were repeated to obtain the results 
shown in Table C20. 
EXAMPLE 39 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, a first amorphous 
layer (I) was formed on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the 
conditions as indicated in Table D1, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 12 and then a second amorphous layer (II) was formed on 
said first amorphous layer (I) under the conditions as shown in Table D1 
to obtain an image forming member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a positively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper subjected to corona 
charging at .sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high 
density which was excellent in resolution and good in halftone 
reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 40 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, a first amorphous 
layer (I) was formed under the conditions as indicated in Table D2, while 
varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiF.sub.4 /He gas 
with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance with the change rate 
curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 13, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in Example 39, and then a second amorphous layer (II) was 
formed similarly as in Example 39 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 41 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layer formation was 
performed under the conditions as indicated in Table D3, while varying the 
gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse 
of time for layer formation in accordance with the change rate curve of 
gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 14, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in Example 39, to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 42 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layer formation was 
performed under the conditions as indicated in Table D.sub.4, while 
varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas 
with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance with the change rate 
curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 15, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 43 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated in 
Table D5, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 16, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 39. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 44 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table D6, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 17, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 39. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 45 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table D7, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 18, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 39. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 46 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 except that Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He gas was 
employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to 
those as indicated in Table D8. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 47 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 except that SiF.sub.4 /He gas was employed in 
place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to those as 
indicated in Table D9. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 48 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 except that (SiH.sub.4 /He+SiF.sub.4 /He) gas 
was employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed 
to those as indicated in Table D10. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 39 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 49 
In Examples 39 to 48, the conditions for preparation of the second layer 
constituting the first amorphous layer (I) were changed to those as shown 
in Table D11, under otherwise the same conditions as in respective 
Examples, to prepare image forming members for electrophotography, 
respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 39 to 
obtain the results as shown in Table D11A. 
EXAMPLE 50 
In Examples 39 to 48, the conditions for preparation of the second layer 
constituting the first amorphous layer (I) were changed to those as shown 
in Table D12, under otherwise the same conditions as in respective 
Examples, to prepare image forming members for electrophotography, 
respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 39 to 
obtain the results as shown in Table D12A. 
EXAMPLE 51 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 39, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 39 except that electrostatic images 
were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm 
in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there 
could be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 52 
Image forming members for electrophotography (72 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201D to 12-208D, 12-301D to 12-308D, . . . , 12-1001D to 12-1009D) were 
prepared by following the same conditions and procedures as in Examples 39 
to 48, respectively, except that the conditions for preparation of the 
amorphous layer (II) were changed to the respective conditions as shown in 
Table D13 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a 
charging-exposure experimental device, subjected to corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a 
light image. As the light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and 
irradiation was effected at 1.0 lux.sec. The latent image was developed 
with a positively charged developer (containing toner and carrier) and 
transferred onto a plain paper. The transferred image was found to be very 
good. The toner not transferred remaining on the image forming member for 
electrophotography was subjected to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such 
steps were repeated for 100,000 times or more, but no deterioration of 
image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table D13A. 
EXAMPLE 53 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 39, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the area 
ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during formation of the amorphous layer 
(II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, the steps of 
image making, development and cleaning as described in Example 39 were 
repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain 
the results as shown in Table D14. 
EXAMPLE 54 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 39, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, 
the steps to transfer as described in Example 39 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table D15. 
EXAMPLE 55 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 39 except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 39 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table D16. 
EXAMPLE 56 
Image forming members were prepared according to the same method as in 
Example 39, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous layer (II) 
was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, development and 
cleaning as described in Example 39 were repeated to obtain the results 
shown in Table D17. 
EXAMPLE 57 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the conditions as indicated in 
Table E1 to obtain an image forming member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 58 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the conditions were 
changed to those as shown in Table E2 to obtain an image forming member 
for electrophotography. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 57 except that the polarity in corona charging 
and the charged polarity of the developer were made opposite to those in 
Example 57, respectively, to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 59 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the conditions were 
changed to those as shown in Table E3 to obtain an image forming member 
for electrophotography. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 57 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 60 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 57 
except that the content of germanium atoms in the first layer was varied 
by varying the flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas 
as shown in Table E4 to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 57 to obtain the results as shown in Table E4. 
EXAMPLE 61 
Layer formation was conducted in entirely the same manner as in Example 57 
except that the layer thickness of the first layer was varied as shown in 
Table E5 to prepare image forming members for electrophotography, 
respectively. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure under the same conditions 
as in Example 57 to obtain the results as shown in Table E5. 
EXAMPLE 62 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 57 
except that the first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions 
as indicated in Table E6 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 63 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 57 
except that the first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions 
as indicated in Table E7 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 64 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
on a cylindrical aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 57 
except that the first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions 
as indicated in Table E8 to obtain an image forming member for 
electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec, followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner was obtained thereon. When the toner image on the 
member was transferred onto a transfer paper subjected to corona charging 
at .sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which 
was excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 65 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the conditions were 
changed to those as shown in Table E9 to obtain an image forming member 
for electrophotography. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 57 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 66 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, layers were formed 
in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the conditions were 
changed to those as shown in Table E10 to obtain an image forming member 
for electrophotography. 
Using the thus obtained image forming member, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 57 to obtain a very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 67 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 57, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 57 except that electrostatic image 
were formed by use of a GaAs semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm in 
place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there could 
be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 68 
Image forming members for electrophotography (72 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201E to 12-208E, 12-301E to 12-308E, 12-601E to 12-608E, . . . , and 
12-1001E to 12-1008E) were prepared by following the same conditions and 
procedures as in Examples 58, 59 and 62 to 66, respectively, except that 
the conditions for preparation of the amorphous layer (II) were changed to 
the respective conditions as shown in Table E11 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a 
charging-exposure experimental device, subjected to corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light 
image. As the light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation 
was effected at a dose of 1.0 lux.sec. The latent image was developed with 
a negatively charged developer (containing toner and carrier) and 
transferred onto a plain paper. The transferred image was found to be very 
good. The toner not transferred remaining on the image forming member for 
electrophotography was subjected to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such 
steps were repeated for 100,000 times or more, but no deterioration of 
image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table E12. 
EXAMPLE 69 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 57, except that sputtering was employed and the 
content ratio of silicon atoms to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous 
layer (II) by varying the area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 57 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table E13. 
EXAMPLE 70 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 57, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, 
the steps to transfer as described in Example 57 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table E14. 
EXAMPLE 71 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 57, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 57 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table E15. 
EXAMPLE 72 
Image forming members were prepared according to the same method as in 
Example 57, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous layer (II) 
was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, development and 
cleaning as described in Example 57 were repeated to obtain the results 
shown in Table E16. 
EXAMPLE 73 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, a first amorphous 
layer (I) was formed on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the 
conditions as indicated in Table F1, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 12 and then a second amorphous layer (II) was formed 
under the conditions as shown in Table F1 to obtain an image forming 
member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a positively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper subjected to corona 
charging at .sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high 
density which was excellent in resolution and good in halftone 
reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 74 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
73, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table F2, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 13, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 75 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner in Example 73, 
except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions as 
indicated in Table F3, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 
/He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in 
accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in 
FIG. 14, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 76 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
73, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table F4, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 15, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 77 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner in Example 73, 
except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions as 
indicated in Table F5, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 
/He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in 
accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in 
FIG. 22, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 78 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
73, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table F6, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 25, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 79 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner in Example 73, 
except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the conditions as 
indicated in Table F7, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 
/He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in 
accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in 
FIG. 18, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 80 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 except that Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He gas was 
employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to 
those as indicated in Table F8. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 81 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 except that SiF.sub.4 /He gas was employed in 
place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were charged to those as 
indicated in Table F9. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 82 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 except that (SiH.sub.4 /He+SiF.sub.4 /He) gas 
was employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed 
to those as indicated in Table F10. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 83 
In Examples 73 to 82, the conditions for preparation of the third layer 
were changed to those as shown in Table F11, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in respective Examples, to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 73 to 
obtain the results as shown in Table F11A. 
EXAMPLE 84 
In Examples 73 to 82, the conditions for preparation of the third layer 
were changed to those as shown in Table F12, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in respective Examples, to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 73 to 
obtain the results as shown in Table F12A. 
EXAMPLE 85 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table F13, while varying the gas flow rate ratio GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the gas flow rate ratio of NO gas to SiH.sub.4 /He 
gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance with the change 
rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 26, under otherwise the 
same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 86 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table F14, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas 
to SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the gas flow rate ratio of NO gas to SiH.sub.4 
/He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance with the 
change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 27, under 
otherwise the same conditions as in Example 73. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 73 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 87 
Using image forming members for electrophotography prepared under the same 
conditions as in Examples 73 to 82, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 73 except that electrostatic images 
were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm 
in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there 
could be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 88 
Image forming members for electrophotography (72 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201F to 12-208F, 12-301F to 12-308F, . . . , 12-1001F to 12-1009F) were 
prepared by following the same conditions and procedures as in Examples 74 
to 82, respectively, except that the conditions for preparation of the 
amorphous layer (II) were changed to the respective conditions as shown in 
Table F15 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a 
charging-exposure experimental device, subjected to corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a 
light image. As the light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and 
irradiation was effected at 1.0 lux.sec. The latent image was developed 
with a positively charged developer (containing toner and carrier) and 
transferred onto a plain paper. The transferred image was found to be very 
good. The toner not transferred remaining on the image forming member for 
electrophotography was subjected to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such 
steps were repeated for 100,000 times or more, but no deterioration of 
image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table F15A. 
EXAMPLE 89 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 73, except that sputtering was employed and the 
content ratio of silicon atoms to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous 
layer (II) by varying the area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 73 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table F16. 
EXAMPLE 90 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 73, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of thus prepared image forming members, the 
steps to transfer as described in Example 73 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table F17. 
EXAMPLE 91 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 73, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 73 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table F18. 
EXAMPLE 92 
The respective image forming members were prepared according to the same 
method as in Example 73, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous 
layer (II) was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, 
development and cleaning as described in Example 73 were repeated to 
obtain the results shown in Table F19. 
EXAMPLE 93 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, a first amorphous 
layer (I) was formed on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G1, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 19 and then a second amorphous layer (II) was formed 
under the conditions as shown in Table G1 to obtain an image forming 
member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 94 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G2, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 20, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 93. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 95 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G3, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 14, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 93. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 96 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G4, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 21, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 93. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 97 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G5, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 22, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 93. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 98 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G6, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 23, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 93. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 99 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed under the 
conditions as indicated in Table G7, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 24, under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 93. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 100 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 except that Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He gas was 
employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to 
those as indicated in Table G8. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 101 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 except that SiF.sub.4 /He gas was employed in 
place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to those as 
indicated in Table G9. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 102 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 except that (SiH.sub.4 /He+SiF.sub.4 /He) gas 
was employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed 
to those as indicated in Table G10. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 93 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 103 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed in the same manner as in Example 
93, except that a first amorphous layer (I) was formed on a cylindrical 
aluminum substrate under the conditions as indicated in Table G11, while 
varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas 
with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance with the change rate 
curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 19. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at a 
dose of 2 lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.crclbar.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which 
was excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 104 
In Example 103, the flow rate of B.sub.2 H.sub.6 relative to (SiH.sub.4 
+GeH.sub.4) was varied during preparation of the first layer, while the 
flow rate of B.sub.2 H.sub.6 relative to SiH.sub.4 was varied during 
preparation of the second layer, as indicated in Table G12, under 
otherwise the same conditions as in Example 103, to obtain respective 
image forming members (Sample Nos. 1201G to 1208G) for electrophotography. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, image were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 103 to obtain the results as shown in Table G12. 
EXAMPLE 105 
In Examples 93 to 102, the conditions for preparation of the second layer 
were changed to those as shown in Tables G13 and G14, under otherwise the 
same conditions as in respective Examples to prepare image forming members 
(Sample Nos. 1301G to 1310G and 1401G to 1410G) for electrophotography, 
respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 93 to 
obtain the results as shown in Tables G13A and G14A. 
EXAMPLE 106 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 93, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 93 except that electrostatic images 
were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 810 nm 
in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, there 
could be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent in 
resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 107 
Image forming members for electrophotography (72 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201G to 12-208G, 12-301G to 12-308G, . . . , 12-1001G to 12-1009G), 
were prepared by following the same conditions and procedures as in 
Examples 94 to 102, respectively, except that the conditions for 
preparation of the amorphous layer (II) were changed to the respective 
conditions as shown in Table G15 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a 
charging-exposure experimental device, subjected to corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light 
image. As the light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation 
was effected at 1.0 lux.sec. The latent image was developed with a 
negatively charged developer (containing toner and carrier) and 
transferred onto a plain paper. The transferred image was found to be very 
good. The toner not transferred remaining on the image forming member for 
electrophotography was subjected to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such 
steps were repeated for 100,000 times or more, but no deterioration of 
image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table G15. 
EXAMPLE 108 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 93, except that sputtering was employed and the 
content ratio of silicon atoms to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous 
layer (II) by varying the area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 93 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table G16. 
EXAMPLE 109 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 93, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, 
the steps to transfer as described in Example 93 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table G17. 
EXAMPLE 110 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 93, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms to 
carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 93 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table G18. 
EXAMPLE 111 
The respective image forming members were prepared according to the same 
method as in Example 93, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous 
layer (II) was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, 
development and cleaning as described in Example 93 were repeated to 
obtain the results shown in Table G19. 
EXAMPLE 112 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, a first amorphous 
layer (I) was formed on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the 
conditions as indicated in Table H1, while varying the gas flow rate ratio 
of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer 
formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio 
as shown in FIG. 19 and then a second amorphous layer (II) was formed 
under the conditions as shown in Table H1 to obtain an image forming 
member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 113 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table H2, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 20, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 112. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 114 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table H3, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 14, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 112. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 115 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table H4, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 21, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 112. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 116 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table H5, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 22, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 112. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 117 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table H6, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 23, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 112. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Examples 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 118 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, an image forming 
member for electrophotography was formed under the conditions as indicated 
in Table H7, while varying the gas flow rate ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to 
SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for layer formation in accordance 
with the change rate curve of gas flow rate ratio as shown in FIG. 24, 
under otherwise the same conditions as in Example 112. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 119 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 except that Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He gas was 
employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to 
those as indicated in Table H8. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 120 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 except that SiF.sub.4 /He gas was employed in 
place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed to those as 
indicated in Table H9. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 121 
An image forming member for electrophotography was formed under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 except that (SiH.sub.4 /He+SiF.sub.4 /He) gas 
was employed in place of SiH.sub.4 /He gas and the conditions were changed 
to those as indicated in Table H10. 
Using the image forming member thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 112 to obtain very clear image quality. 
EXAMPLE 122 
By means of the preparation device as shown in FIG. 11, a first amorphous 
layer (I) was formed on a cylindrical aluminum substrate under the 
conditions as indicated in Table H11, while varying the gas flow rate 
ratio of GeH.sub.4 /He gas to SiH.sub.4 /He gas with lapse of time for 
layer formation in accordance with the change rate curve of gas flow rate 
ratio as shown in FIG. 19 and then a second amorphous layer (II) was 
formed under the conditions as shown in Table H11 to obtain an image 
forming member for electrophotography. 
The image forming member thus obtained was set in a charging-exposure 
experimental device, subjected to corona charging at .sym.5.0 KV for 0.3 
sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light image. As the light 
source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation was effected at 2 
lux.sec. using a transmissive type test chart. 
Immediately thereafter, a negatively charged developer (containing toner 
and carrier) was cascaded onto the surface of the image forming member, 
whereby a good toner image was obtained thereon. When the toner image on 
the member was transferred onto a transfer paper with corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV, there was obtained a clear image with high density which was 
excellent in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 123 
In Example 122, the flow rate of B.sub.2 H.sub.6 relative to (SiH.sub.4 
+GeH.sub.4) was varied during preparation of the first layer, while the 
flow rate of B.sub.2 H.sub.6 relative to SiH.sub.4 was varied during 
preparation of the second layer, as indicated in Table H12, under 
otherwise the same conditions as in Example 122, to obtain respective 
image forming members for electrophotography. 
Using the image forming members thus obtained, images were formed on 
transfer papers according to the same procedure and under the same 
conditions as in Example 122 to obtain good results. 
EXAMPLE 124 
In Examples 112 to 121, the conditions for preparation of the second layer 
were changed to those as shown in Table H13, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in respective Examples, to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 112 to 
obtain the results as shown in Table H13A. 
EXAMPLE 125 
In Examples 112 to 121, the conditions for preparation of the second layer 
were changed to those as shown in Table H14, under otherwise the same 
conditions as in respective Examples, to prepare image forming members for 
electrophotography, respectively. 
Using the thus prepared image forming members, images were formed according 
to the same procedure and under the same conditions as in Example 112 to 
obtain the results as shown in Table H14. 
EXAMPLE 126 
Using an image forming member for electrophotography prepared under the 
same conditions as in Example 112, evaluation of the image quality was 
performed for the transferred toner images formed under the same toner 
image forming conditions as in Example 112 except that electrostatic 
images were formed by use of a GaAs system semiconductor laser (10 mW) at 
810 nm in place of the tungsten lamp as the light source. As the result, 
there could be obtained clear images of high quality which were excellent 
in resolution and good in halftone reproducibility. 
EXAMPLE 127 
Image forming members for electrophotography (72 samples of Sample Nos. 
12-201H to 12-208H, 12-301H to 12-308H, . . . , 12-1001H to 12-1008H) were 
prepared by following the same conditions and procedures as in Examples 
113 to 121, respectively, except that the conditions for preparation of 
the amorphous layer (II) were changed to the respective conditions as 
shown in Table H15 below. 
The image forming members thus obtained were individually set in a 
charging-exposure experimental device, subjected to corona charging at 
.sym.5.0 KV for 0.2 sec., followed immediately by irradiation of a light 
image. As the light source, a tungsten lamp was employed and irradiation 
was effected at 1.0 lux.sec. The latent image was developed with a 
negatively charged developer (containing toner and carrier) and 
transferred onto a plain paper. The transferred image was found to be very 
good. The toner not transferred remaining on the image forming member for 
electrophotography was subjected to cleaning with a rubber blade. Such 
steps were repeated for 100,000 times or more, but no deterioration of 
image was observed in any case. 
The results of the overall image quality evaluation of the transferred 
image and evaluation of durability by repeated continuous usage are listed 
in Table H16. 
EXAMPLE 128 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 112, except that sputtering was employed and the 
content ratio of silicon atoms to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous 
layer (II) by varying the area ratio of silicon wafer to graphite during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 112 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table H17. 
EXAMPLE 129 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 112, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms 
to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas to C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during formation of the 
amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image forming members, 
the steps to transfer as described in Example 112 were repeated for about 
50,000 times, followed by image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown 
in Table H18. 
EXAMPLE 130 
Image forming members were prepared, respectively, according to the same 
method as in Example 112, except that the content ratio of silicon atoms 
to carbon atoms was varied in the amorphous layer (II) by varying the flow 
rate ratio of SiH.sub.4 gas:SiF.sub.4 gas:C.sub.2 H.sub.4 gas during 
formation of the amorphous layer (II). For each of the thus prepared image 
forming members, the steps of image making, development and cleaning as 
described in Example 112 were repeated for about 50,000 times, followed by 
image evaluation, to obtain the results as shown in Table H19. 
EXAMPLE 131 
The respective image forming members were prepared according to the same 
method as in Example 112, except that the layer thickness of the amorphous 
layer (II) was varied. For each sample, the steps of image-making, 
development and cleaning as described in Example 112 were repeated to 
obtain the results shown in Table H20. 
The common layer forming conditions employed in the above Examples of the 
present invention as shown below: 
Substrate temperature: 
for germanium atom (Ge) containing layer . . . about 200.degree. C. 
for no germanium atom (Ge) containing layer . . . about 250.degree. C. 
Discharging frequency: 13.56 MHz. 
Inner pressure in reaction chamber during reaction: 0.3 Torr. 
TABLE A1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 
0.18 5 3 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 3/7 
0.18 10 0.5 
layer (II) 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE A2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer Layer 
charging 
Formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 0.1 
0.18 5 20 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE A3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 0.4 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He= 0.05 
50 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 .times. 
10.sup.-5 0.18 15 20 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE A4 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
401A 402A 403A 404A 405A 406A 407A 
______________________________________ 
Ge content 
1 3 5 10 40 60 90 
(atomic %) 
Evaluation 
.DELTA. o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
TABLE A5 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 501A 502A 503A 504A 505A 
______________________________________ 
Layer 0.1 0.5 1 2 5 
thickness (.mu.) 
Evaluation o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE A6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 = 
layer 
PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
50 PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 10.sup.-7 
0.18 15 20 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE A7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1 Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2 Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3 Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4 SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5 SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6 SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7 SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:0.1:9.6 
0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
15 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8 SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE A8 
______________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (II) 
preparation condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
______________________________________ 
8-1A 8-201A 8-301A 8-601A 
o o o o o o 
8-2A 8-202A 8-302A 8-602A 
o o o o o o 
8-3A 8-203A 8-303A 8-603A 
o o o o o o 
8-4A 8-204A 8-304A 8-604A 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
8-5A 8-205A 8-305A 8-605A 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
8-6A 8-206A 8-306A 8-606A 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
8-7A 8-207A 8-307A 8-607A 
o o o o o o 
8-8A 8-208A 8-308A 8-608A 
o o o o o o 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
Overall image 
Durability 
quality evaluation 
evaluation 
______________________________________ 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle. Excellent 
o Good 
TABLE A9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
901A 
902A 903A 
904A 905A 
906A 907A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C target 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 
0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
(area ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 
2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE A10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1001A 
1002A 
1003A 
1004A 
1005A 
1006A 
1007A 
1008A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE A11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1101A 
1102A 
1103A 
1104A 
1105A 
1106A 1107A 1108A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE A12 
______________________________________ 
Thickness of 
amorphous 
Sample layer (II) 
No. (.mu.) Results 
______________________________________ 
1201A 0.001 Image defect liable to 
occur 
1202A 0.02 No image defect during 
20,000 repetitions 
1203A 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
1204A 1 Stable for 200,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
______________________________________ 
TABLE B1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/1 
0.18 5 3 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 3:7 
0.8 10 0.5 
layer (II) 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE B2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
ness 
constitution employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (I) 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 
0.1810 
5 5 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
NO 3/100.about. 0 
(Linearly decreased) 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 
0.1810 
5 1 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE B3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- 
Dis- charging 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (I) 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 2/100 
0.18 15 2 
layer 
NO 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 
10.sup.-5 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 
10.sup.-5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE B4 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
401B 402B 403B 404B 405B 406B 407B 
______________________________________ 
Ge content 
1 3 5 10 40 60 90 
(atomic %) 
Evaluation 
.DELTA. o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
TABLE B5 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 501B 502B 503B 504B 505B 
______________________________________ 
Layer 0.1 0.5 1 2 5 
thickness (.mu.) 
Evaluation o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE B6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution employed 
(SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (I) 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.times. 10.sup.-7 
TABLE B7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1B Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2B Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3B Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4B SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5B SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6B SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7B SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub. 4 
= 0.3:0.1:9.6 0.18 0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
15 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8B SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE B8 
______________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (II) 
preparation condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
______________________________________ 
12-1B 12-201B 12-301B 12-601B 
o o o o o o 
12-2B 12-202B 12-302B 12-602B 
o o o o o o 
12-3B 12-203B 12-303B 12-603B 
o o o o o o 
12-4B 12-204B 12-304B 12-604B 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-5B 12-205B 12-305B 12-605B 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-6B 12-2-6B 12-306B 12-606B 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-7B 12-207B 12-307B 12-607B 
o o o o o o 
12-8B 12-208B 12-308B 12-608B 
o o o o o o 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
______________________________________ 
Overall image 
Durability 
quality evaluation 
evaluation 
______________________________________ 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle.. . . Excellent 
o . . . Good 
TABLE B9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
901B 
902B 
903B 
904B 
905B 
906B 
907B 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C target 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
(area ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE B10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1001B 
1002B 
1003B 
1004B 
1005B 
1006B 
1007B 
1008B 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE B11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1101B 
1102B 
1103B 
1104B 
1105B 
1106B 
1107B 1108B 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE B12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Thickness of amorphous 
Sample No. 
layer (II) (.mu.) 
Results 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
1201B 0.001 Image defect liable to occur 
1202B 0.02 No image defect during 20,000 repetitions 
1203B 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repetitions or more 
1204B 1 Stable for 200,000 repetitions or more 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (I) 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) 
= 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.187 
10 0.5 
layer (ii) C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (I) 
First 
SiH.sub.4 He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) 
= 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 19 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 5 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.times. 10.sup.-4 
TABLE C4 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
401C 402C 403C 404C 405C 406C 407C 408C 
______________________________________ 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 
5/100 1/10 2/10 4/10 5/10 7/10 8/10 1/1 
Flow rate 
ratio 
Ge content 
4.3 8.4 15.4 26.7 32.3 38.9 42 47.6 
(atomic %) 
Evaluation 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE C5 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
501C 502C 503C 504C 505C 506C 507C 508C 
______________________________________ 
Layer 30.ANG. 
500.ANG. 
0.1.mu. 
0.3.mu. 
0.8.mu. 
3.mu. 
4.mu. 
5.mu. 
thickness 
Evaluation 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o .DELTA. 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle. :Excellent 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
TABLE C6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 5/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 5 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 9 .times. 10.sup.-5 
(Sample No. 601C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 15 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 8 
.times. 10.sup.-4 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 10.sup.-5 
(Sample No. 602C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 3 .times. 10.sup.-4 
(Sample No. 603C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-5 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 19 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-5 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 3 .times. 10.sup.-4 
(Sample No. 701C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-5 
NO NO/(SiH.sub.4 = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 3/100 
NO 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 3/100 
0.18 15 1 
layer NO 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Fourth 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 
0.18es. 10.sup.-4 
15 15 
layer B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
(Sample No. 702C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
3/100.about.2.83/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2.83/100.about.0 
NO 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 19 
layer 
(Sample No. 801C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Note 
No/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) was linearly decreased. 
TABLE C12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 0.5 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100.about.0 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 0.5 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 19 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Fourth 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer 
(Sample No. 802C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C13 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 5 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100.about.0 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 5 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 .times. 10.sup.-4 
(Sample No. 803C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C14 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/SiH.sub.4 = 3/100.about.2.83/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 2.83/100.about.0 
0.18 15 20 
layer NO 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 3 .times. 10.sup.-4 
(Sample No. 804C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Note 
NO/SiH.sub.4 was linearly decreased. 
TABLE C15 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power formation 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
layer (I) 
First SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-5 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100.about.0 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 19 
layer GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4 ) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-5 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 3 .times. 10.sup.-4 
(Sample No. 805C) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Note 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) was linearly decreased. 
TABLE C16 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1C Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2C Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3C Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4C SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5C SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6C SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 150 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7C SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
= 0.3:0.1:9.6 0.18 0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8C SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 150 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE C 16A 
______________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (II) 
Sample No./ 
preparation condition 
evaluation 
______________________________________ 
12-1C 12-201C 12-301C 
o o o o 
12-2C 12-202C 12-302C 
o o o o 
12-3C 12-203C 12-303C 
o o o o 
12-4C 12-204C 12-304C 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-5C 12-205C 12-305C 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-6C 12-206C 12-306C 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-7C 12-207C 12-307C 
o o o o 
12-8C 12-208C 12-308C 
o o o o 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
Overall Durability 
image evaluation 
quality 
evaluation 
______________________________________ 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle. . . . Excellent 
o . . . Good 
TABLE C17 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1701C 
1702C 
1703C 
1704C 
1705C 
1706C 
1707C 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si: C target 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
(area ratio) 
Si: C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE C18 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1801C 
1802C 
1803C 
1804C 
1805C 
1806C 
1807C 
1808C 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si: C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE C19 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1901C 
1902C 
1903C 
1904C 
1905C 
1906C 
1907C 1908C 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si: C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE C20 
______________________________________ 
Thickness of 
amorphous 
Sample layer (II) 
No. (.mu.) Results 
______________________________________ 
2001C 0.001 Image defect liable to 
occur 
2002C 0.02 No image defect during 
20,000 repetitions 
2003C 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
2004C 1 Stable for 200,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
______________________________________ 
TABLE D1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1.about.0 
0.18 5 10 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.187 10 0.5 
layer (II) 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.0 
0.18 5 8 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.2/1000 
0.18 5 2.0 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10.about.0 
0.18 5 2.0 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 8/10.about.0 
0.18 5 0.8 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1.about.0 
0.18 5 8 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
charging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power 
speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.0 
0.18 5 8 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.05 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 
0.18about.0 
5 10 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiF.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiF.sub.4 = 1.about.0 
0.18 5 10 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 + 
GeH.sub.4 /(SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) 
0.18 5 10 
layer (I) 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 = 50 
1.about.0 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer forma- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) 
Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Second layer 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 .times. 10.sup.-5 
0.18 15 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D11A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1101D 
1102D 
1103D 
1104D 
1105D 
1106D 
1107D 
1108D 
1109D 
1110D 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
Layer thickness 
10 10 20 15 20 15 10 10 10 10 
of second layer 
(.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE D12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer forma- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power tion speed 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) 
Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Second layer 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 10.sup.-7 
0.18 15 
PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D12A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1201D 
1202D 
1203D 
1204D 
1205D 
1206D 
1207D 
1208D 
1209D 
1210D 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
Layer thickness 
10 10 20 15 20 15 10 10 10 10 
of second layer 
(.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE D13 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1D Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2D Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3D Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4D SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5D SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6D SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7D SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub. 4 
= 0.3:0.1:9.6 0.18 0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
15 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8D SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE D13A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer 
(II) preparation 
condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1D 12-201D 
12-301D 
12-401D 
12-501D 
12-601D 
12-701D 
12-801D 
12-901D 
12-1001D 
o o o o o o 
o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-2D 12-202D 
12-302D 
12-402D 
12-502D 
12-602D 
12-702D 
12-802D 
12-902D 
12-1002D 
o o o o o o 
o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-3D 12-203D 
12-303D 
12-403D 
12-503D 
12-603D 
12-703D 
12-803D 
12-903D 
12-1003D 
o o o o o o 
o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-4D 12-204D 
12-304D 
12-404D 
12-504D 
12-604D 
12-704D 
12-804D 
12-904D 
12-1004D 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-5D 12-205D 
12-305D 
12-405D 
12-505D 
12-605D 
12-705D 
12-805D 
12-905D 
12-1005D 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-6D 12-206D 
12-306D 
12-406D 
12-506D 
12-606D 
12-706D 
12-806D 
12-906D 
12-1006D 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-7D 12-207D 
12-307D 
12-407D 
12-507D 
12-607D 
12-707D 
12-807D 
12-907D 
12-1007D 
o o o o o o 
o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-8D 12-208D 
12-308D 
12-408D 
12-508D 
12-608D 
12-708D 
12-808D 
12-908D 
12-1008D 
o o o o o o 
o o o o o o o o o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No./Evaluation 
Overall image quality 
Durability 
evaluation evaluation 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE D14 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1301D 
1302D 
1303D 
1304D 
1305D 
1306D 
1307D 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C (area ratio) 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE D15 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1401D 
1402D 
1403D 
1404D 
1405D 
1406D 
1407D 
1408D 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE D16 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1501D 
1502D 
1503D 
1504D 
1505D 
1506D 
1507D 1508D 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE D17 
______________________________________ 
Thickness of 
amorphous 
Sample 
layer (II) 
No. (.mu.) Results 
______________________________________ 
1601D 0.001 Image defect liable to occur 
1602D 0.02 No image defect during 20,000 repetitions 
1603D 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repetitions or more 
1604D 1 Stable for 200,000 repetitions or more 
______________________________________ 
TABLE E1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 3:7 
0.18 10 0.5 
layer (II) 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 19 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 .times. 
10.sup.-4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E4 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
401E 402E 403E 404E 405E 406E 407E 408E 
______________________________________ 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 
5/100 1/10 2/10 4/10 5/10 7/10 8/10 1/1 
Flow rate 
ratio 
Ge content 
4.3 8.4 15.4 26.7 32.3 38.9 42 47.6 
(atomic %) 
Evaluation 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE E5 
______________________________________ 
Sample No. 
501E 502E 503E 504E 505E 506E 507E 508E 
______________________________________ 
Layer 30.ANG. 
500.ANG. 
0.1.mu. 
0.3.mu. 
0.8.mu. 
3.mu. 
4.mu. 
5.mu. 
thickness 
Evaluation 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o .DELTA. 
______________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
TABLE E6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 5/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 9 .times. 10.sup.-5 
0.18 15 20 
layer 
PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 5/10 
0.18 5 15 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
8 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer 
PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 10.sup.-5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
9 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 9 .times. 
10.sup.-4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10 
0.18 5 15 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
9 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 5 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 9 .times. 
10.sup.-4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
2 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 .times. 
10.sup.-4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1E Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2E Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3E Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4E SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5E SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6E SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7E SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:0.1:9.6 
0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
15 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8E SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE E12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer (II) 
preparation condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1E 12-201E 
12-301E 
12-601E 
12-701E 
12-801E 
12-901E 
12-1001E 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-2E 12-202E 
12-302E 
12-602E 
12-702E 
12-802E 
12-902E 
12-1002E 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-3E 12-203E 
12-303E 
12-603E 
12-703E 
12-803E 
12-903E 
12-1003E 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-4E 12-204E 
12-304E 
12-604E 
12-704E 
12-804E 
12-904E 
12-1004E 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-5E 12-205E 
12-305E 
12-605E 
12-705E 
12-805E 
12-905E 
12-1005E 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-6E 12-206E 
12-306E 
12-606E 
12-706E 
12-806E 
12-906E 
12-1006E 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
12-7E 12-207E 
12-307E 
12-607E 
12-707E 
12-807E 
12-907E 
12-1007E 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-8E 12-208E 
12-308E 
12-608E 
12-708E 
12-808E 
12-908E 
12-1008E 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No./Evaluation 
Overall image quality 
Durability 
evaluation evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE E13 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 1301E 
1302E 
1303E 
1304E 
1305E 
1306E 
1307E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C target (area ratio) 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE E14 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1401E 
1402E 
1403E 
1404E 
1405E 
1406E 
1407E 
1408E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE E15 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1501E 
1502E 
1503E 
1504E 
1505E 
1506E 
1507E 1508E 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE E16 
______________________________________ 
Thickness 
Sample 
of amorphous 
No. layer (II) (.mu.) 
Results 
______________________________________ 
1601E 0.001 Image defect liable to occur 
1602E 0.02 No image defect during 20,000 repetitions 
1063E 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repetitions or more 
1604E 1 Stable for 200,000 repetitions or more 
______________________________________ 
TABLE F1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.3/100 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/100.about.0 
0.18 5 8 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.187 10 0.5 
layer (II) C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.4/100 
0.18 5 5 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/100.about.0 
0.18 5 3 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.4/100 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/100 
0.18 5 1 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 15/100.about.1/100 
0.18 5 0.4 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/100.about.0 
0.18 5 0.6 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/1.about.14/100 
0.18 5 0.2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 14/100.about.0 
0.18 5 0.8 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 20 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 2/10.about.45/1000 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 45/1000.about.0 
0.18 5 6 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.45/1000 
0.18 5 4 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 45/1000.about.0 
0.18 5 4 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.05 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 + GeH.sub.4 =50 
GeH.sub.4 /Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 
= 4/10.about.3/100 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + Si.sub.2 H.sub.6) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.05 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 
0.18100.about.0 
5 8 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.5 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiF.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 =50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiF.sub.4 = 4/10.about.3/100 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) = 3/100 
NO 
Second 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiF.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiF.sub.4 = 3/100.about.0 
0.18 5 8 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiF.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 10 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amphorous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 + 
GeH.sub.4 /(SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 = 50 
4/10.about.3/100 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) = 
NO 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 + 
GeH.sub.4 /(SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 ) 
0.18 5 8 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 = 50 
3/100.about.0 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 50 
0.18 15 10 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F11 
______________________________________ 
Layer Dis- Layer 
con- Flow Flow charging 
formation 
stitu- 
Gases rate rate power speed 
tion employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
______________________________________ 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 
SiH.sub.4 = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 / 
0.18 15 
layer 0.5 200 SiH.sub.4 = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 
4 .times. 10.sup.-4 
10.sup.-3 
______________________________________ 
TABLE F11A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1101F 
1102F 
1103F 
1104F 
1105F 
1106F 
1107F 
1108F 
1109F 
1110F 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 
Layer thickness 
10 10 15 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 
of third layer 
(.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE F12 
______________________________________ 
Layer 
forma- 
Dis- tion 
Layer Flow charging 
speed 
cons- Gases rate Flow rate 
power (.ANG./ 
titution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
sec) 
______________________________________ 
Third SiH.sub.4 /He = 
SiH.sub.4 = 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 
0.18 15 
layer 0.5 200 2 .times. 10.sup.-5 
PH.sub.3 /He = 
10.sup.-3 
______________________________________ 
TABLE F12A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1201F 
1202F 
1203F 
1204F 
1205F 
1206F 
1207F 
1208F 
1209F 
1210F 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 
Layer thickness 
10 10 15 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 
of third layer 
(.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE F13 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10.about.0 
0.18 5 2 
layer layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.2/100 
(I) NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 2/100.about.0 
0.18 15 2 
layer 
NO 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F14 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Dis- forma- 
Layer 
charging 
tion thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 3/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.5/100 
(I) NO 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
NO/SiH.sub.4 = 5/100.about.0 
0.18 15 1 
layer 
NO 
Third 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 18 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F15 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1F Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2F Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
13-3F Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4F SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5F SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6F SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 150 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7F SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
= 0.3:0.1:9.6 0.18 0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8F SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 150 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE F15A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer 
(II) preparation 
condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1F 12-201F 
12-301F 
12-401F 
12-501F 
12-601F 
12-701F 
12-801F 
12-901F 
12-1001F 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-2F 12-202F 
12-302F 
12-402F 
12-502F 
12-602F 
12-702F 
12-802F 
12-902F 
12-1002F 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-3F 12-203F 
12-303F 
12-403F 
12-503F 
12-603F 
12-703F 
12-803F 
12-903F 
12-1003F 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-4F 12-204F 
12-304F 
12-404F 
12-504F 
12-604F 
12-704F 
12-804F 
12-904F 
12-1004F 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-5F 12-205F 
12-305F 
12-405F 
12-505F 
12-605F 
12-705F 
12-805F 
12-905F 
12-1005F 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-6F 12-206F 
12-306F 
12-406F 
12-506F 
12-606F 
12-706F 
12-806F 
12-906F 
12-1006F 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-7F 12-207F 
12-307F 
12-407F 
12-507F 
12-607F 
12-707F 
12-807F 
12-907F 
12-1007F 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-8F 12-208F 
12-308F 
12-408F 
12-508F 
12-608F 
12-708F 
12-808F 
12-908F 
12-1008F 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No./Evaluation 
Overall image quality 
Durability 
evaluation evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE F16 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1601F 
1602F 
1603F 
1604F 
1605F 
1606F 
1607F 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C target 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
(area ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE F17 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 1701F 
1702F 
1703F 
1704F 
1705F 
1706F 
1707F 
1708F 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(Flow rate ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality evaluation 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE F18 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1801F 
1802F 
1803F 
1804F 
1805F 
1806F 
1807F 
1808F 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE F19 
______________________________________ 
Thickness 
of 
amorphous 
Sample layer 
No. (II) (.mu.) 
Results 
______________________________________ 
1901F 0.001 Image defect liable to occur 
1902F 0.02 No image defect during 20,000 repetitions 
1903F 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repetitions or more 
1904F 1 Stable for 200,000 repetitions or more 
______________________________________ 
TABLE G1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
forma- 
Discharging 
tion Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 00.5 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
(I) B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 19 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.187 10 0.5 
layer (II) 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
forma- 
Discharging 
tion Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.0 
0.18 5 2 
layer layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
(I) B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
thickness 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.2/1000 
0.18 5 2 
layer layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
(I) B.sub.2 Hhd 6/He = 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Layer 
Discharging 
formation 
Layer 
Layer Gases Flow rate power speed 
thickness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 15/100.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3 
.times. 10.sup.-3 
(I) B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 =0 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/1.about.5/100 
0.18 5 1 
layer (1) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 32 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 2/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 +0 SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 2/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.05 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 
0.1810.about.0 
5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + Si.sub.2 
H.sub.6) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + Si.sub.2 H.sub.6) = 2/100 
Second 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.5 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 = 200 0.18 15 19 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiF.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiF.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH .sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) = 1/100 
Second 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiF.sub.4 = 200 0.18 5 19 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 + 
GeH.sub.4 /(SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) 
0.18 5 1 
layer I 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 = 50 
4/10.about.0 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4 + 
SiF.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) = 
1/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 0.18 5 19 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
200 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer I 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
NO NO/(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 3/100 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 3 .times. 
10.sup.-3 0.18 15 19 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 1201G 
1202G 
1203G 
1204G 
1205G 
1206G 
1207G 
1208G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4) 
1 .times. 10.sup.-2 
5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
2 .times. 10.sup.-3 
1 .times. 10.sup.-3 
8 .times. 10.sup.-4 
5 .times. 10.sup.-4 
3 .times. 10.sup.-4 
1 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Flow rate ratio 
B content 1 .times. 10.sup.4 
6 .times. 10.sup.3 
2.5 .times. 10.sup.3 
1 .times. 10.sup.3 
800 500 300 100 
(atomic ppm) 
Evaluation o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE G13 
______________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer Flow charging 
formation 
consti- 
Gases Flow rate rate power speed 
tution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
______________________________________ 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 
SiH = 200 B.sub.2 H.sub.6 / 
0.18 15 
layer 0.5 SiH.sub.4 = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 
8 .times. 10.sup.-5 
10.sup.-3 
______________________________________ 
TABLE G13A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1301G 
1302G 
1303G 
1304G 
1305G 
1306G 
1307G 
1308G 
1309G 
1310G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 
Layer thickness 
10 10 20 15 20 15 10 10 10 10 
of second layer 
(.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE G14 
______________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer Flow charging 
formation 
consti- 
Gases Flow rate rate power speed 
tution 
employed (SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
______________________________________ 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
PH.sub.3 / 
0.18 15 
layer 0.5 SiH.sub.4 = 
PH.sub.3 / 1 .times. 10.sup.-5 
He = 10.sup.-3 
TABLE G14A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1401G 
1402G 
1403G 
1404G 
105G 1406G 
1407G 
1408G 
14019G 
1410G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
Layer thickness 
10 10 20 15 20 15 10 10 10 10 
of second layer 
(.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle.: Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE 15G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1G Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2G Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3G Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4G SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5G SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6G SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 150 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7G SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
= 0.3:0.1:9.6 0.18 0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8G SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 150 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:3 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE G 15A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer 
(II) preparation 
condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1G 12-201G 
12-301G 
12-401G 
12-501G 
12-601G 
12-701G 
12-801G 
12-901G 
12-100G 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-2G 12-202G 
12-302G 
12-402G 
12-502G 
12-602G 
12-702G 
12-802G 
12-902G 
12-1002G 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-3G 12-203G 
12-303G 
12-403G 
12-503G 
12-603G 
12-703G 
12-803G 
12-903G 
12-1003G 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-4G 12-204G 
12-304G 
12-404G 
12-504G 
12-604G 
12-704G 
12-804G 
12-904G 
12-1004 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-5G 12-205G 
12-305G 
12-405G 
12-505G 
12-605G 
12-705G 
12-805G 
12-905G 
12-1005G 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle..circleincir 
cle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. 
12-6G 12-206G 
12-306G 
12-406G 
12-506G 
12-606G 
12-706G 
12-806G 
12-906G 
12-1006G 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-7G 12-207G 
12-307G 
12-407G 
12-507G 
12-607G 
12-707G 
12-807G 
12-907G 
12-1007G 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-8G 12-208G 
12-308G 
12-408G 
12-508G 
12-608G 
12-708G 
12-808G 
12-908G 
12-1008G 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
Sample No./Evaluation 
Overall image quality 
Durability 
evaluation evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE G16 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1601G 
1602G 
1603G 
1604G 
1605G 
1606G 
1607G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C Target 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
(Area ratio) 
Si:C 9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
(Content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE G17 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1701G 
1702G 
1703G 
1704G 
1705G 
1706G 
1707G 
1708G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE G18 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1081G 
1802G 
1803G 
1804G 
1805G 
1806G 
1807G 1808G 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:4.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE G19 
______________________________________ 
Thickness 
of amorphous 
Sample layer (II) 
No. (.mu.) Results 
______________________________________ 
1901G 0.001 Image defect liable to occur 
1902G 0.02 No image defect during 
20,000 repetitions 
1903G 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
1904G 1 Stable for 200,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
______________________________________ 
TABLE H1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 19 
layer 
Amorphous SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.187 
10 0.5 
layer (II) 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.0 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
1 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.2/1000 
0.18 5 2 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
1 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 15/100.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1.about.5/100 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
3 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H6 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 2/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H7 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 1/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
1 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 15 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.05 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 + 
GeH.sub.4 /Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 
0.1810.about.0 
5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 = 50 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + Si.sub.2 
H.sub.6) = 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 0.5 
Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 = 200 
0.18 15 19 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H9 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiF.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 
GeH.sub.4 /SiF.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
50 B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
1 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiF.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 19 
layer 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 + 
GeH.sub.4 /(SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4) 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
GeH.sub.4 = 50 
4/10.about.0 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4 + 
SiF.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 0.18 15 19 
layer 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
200 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H11 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
5 .times. 10.sup.-4 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 5 .times. 
10.sup.-4 0.18 15 15 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Dis- Layer 
Layer 
charging 
formation 
thick- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power 
speed 
ness 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous 
First 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
SiH.sub.4 + GeH.sub.4 = 50 
GeH.sub.4 /SiH.sub.4 = 4/10.about.0 
0.18 5 1 
layer (I) 
layer 
GeH.sub.4 /He = 0.05 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /(GeH.sub.4 + SiH.sub.4) = 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
3 .times. 10.sup.-3 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 2 .times. 
10.sup.-4 0.18 15 15 
layer 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H13 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer forma- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power tion speed 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) 
Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Second layer 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /He = 10.sup.-3 
B.sub.2 H.sub.6 /SiH.sub.4 = 1 .times. 10.sup.-4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H13A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1301H 
1302H 
1303H 1304H 
1305H 
1306H 1307H 
1308H 
1309H 1310H 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 
Layer thickness of 
19 15 15 15 15 15 15 19 19 19 
second layer (.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE H14 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer forma- 
Layer Gases Flow rate power tion speed 
constitution 
employed (SCCM) 
Flow rate ratio 
(W/cm.sup.2) 
(.ANG./sec) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Second 
SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 200 0.18 15 
layer PH.sub.3 /He = 10.sup.-3 
PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 = 9 .times. 10.sup.-5 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H14A 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1401H 
1402H 
1403H 1404H 
1405H 
1406H 1407H 
1408H 
1409H 1410H 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
First layer 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
Example 
203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 
Layer thickness of 
19 15 15 15 15 15 15 19 19 19 
second layer (.mu.) 
Evaluation 
o o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE H15 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Discharging 
Layer 
Gases Flow rate 
Flow rate ratio or area 
power thickness 
Condition 
employed 
(SCCM) ratio (W/cm.sup.2) 
(.mu.) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1H Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 1.5:8.5 
0.3 0.5 
12-2H Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 0.5:9.5 
0.3 0.3 
12-3H Ar 200 Si wafer:Graphite = 6:4 
0.3 1.0 
12-4H SiH.sub.4 /He = 1 
SiH.sub.4 = 15 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 0.4:9.6 
0.18 0.3 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-5H SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 = 100 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 = 5:5 
0.18 1.5 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-6H SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.185:1.5:7 
0.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-7H SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub. 2 H.sub.4 
= 0.3:0.1:9.6 0.18 0.3 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
15 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
12-8H SiH.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
SiH.sub.4 + SiF.sub.4 = 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
0.183:4 
1.5 
SiF.sub.4 /He = 0.5 
150 
C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE H16 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Amorphous layer 
(II) preparation 
condition 
Sample No./Evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12-1H 12-201H 
12-301H 
12-401H 
12-501H 
12-601H 
12-701H 
12-801H 
12-901H 
12-1001H 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-2H 12-202H 
12-302H 
12-402H 
12-502H 
12-602H 
12-702H 
12-802H 
12-902H 
12-1002H 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-3H 12-203H 
12-303H 
12-403H 
12-503H 
12-603H 
12-703H 
12-803H 
12-903H 
12-1003H 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-4H 12-204H 
12-304H 
12-404H 
12-504H 
12-604H 
12-704H 
12-804H 
12-904H 
12-1004H 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-5H 12-205H 
12-305H 
12-405H 
12-505H 
12-605H 
12-705H 
12-805H 
12-905H 
12-1005H 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-6H 12-206H 
12-306H 
12-406H 
12-506H 
12-606H 
12-706H 
12-806H 
12-906H 
12-1006H 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. .circleincirc 
le. .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
12-7H 12-207H 
12-307H 
12-407H 
12-507H 
12-607H 
12-707H 
12-807H 
12-907H 
12-1007H 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
12-8H 12-208H 
12-308H 
12-408H 
12-508H 
12-608H 
12-708H 
12-808H 
12-908H 
12-1008H 
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
Overall image quality 
Durability 
evaluation evaluation 
Evaluation standards: 
.circleincircle. : Excellent 
o: Good 
TABLE H17 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1301H 
1302H 
1303H 
1304H 
1305H 
1306H 
1307H 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Si:C target 
9:1 6.5:3.5 
4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.2:9.8 
(area ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9.7:0.3 
8.8:1.2 
7.3:2.7 
4.8:5.2 
3:7 2:8 0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE H18 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1401H 
1402H 
1403H 
1404H 
1405H 
1406H 
1407H 
1408H 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
9:1 6:4 4:6 2:8 1:9 0.5:9.5 
0.35:9.65 
0.2:9.8 
(flow rate ratio) 
Si:C (content ratio) 
9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
Image quality 
.DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE H19 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Sample No. 
1501H 
1502H 
1503H 
1504H 
1505H 
1506H 
1507H 1508H 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
SiH.sub.4 :SiF.sub.4 :C.sub.2 H.sub.4 
5:4:1 
3:3.5:3.5 
2:2:6 
1:1:8 
0.6:0.4:9 
0.2:0.3:9.5 
0.2:0.15:9.65 
0.1:0.1:9.8 
(flow rate 
ratio) 
Si:C 9:1 7:3 5.5:4.5 
4:6 3:7 2:8 1.2:8.8 
0.8:9.2 
(content ratio) 
Image .DELTA. 
o .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
o .DELTA. 
X 
quality 
evaluation 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
.circleincircle. : Very good 
o: Good 
.DELTA.: Practically satisfactory 
X: Image defect formed 
TABLE H20 
______________________________________ 
Thickness of 
amorphous 
Sample layer (II) 
No. (.mu.) Results 
______________________________________ 
1601H 0.001 Image defect liable to 
occur 
1602H 0.02 No image defect during 
20,000 repetitions 
1603H 0.05 Stable for 50,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
1604H 1 Stable for 200,000 repeti- 
tions or more 
______________________________________