Safety belt retractor

Safety belt retractor having a locking mechanism which is operatively connected with the spindle of the retractor and comprises a rotor connected with the spindle, and at least one locking element displaceably arranged in the rotor, said locking element being engageable with an associated stationary locking element by a relative rotational movement of the spindle and the rotor for locking the spindle against rotational movement, and a device sensitive to inclination and/or deceleration, which is adjusted, by inclination of the retractor or retardation of a vehicle in which the retractor is mounted, from a disengaged position to an engaged position restraining the rotation of the rotor to provide a relative rotational movement of the spindle and the rotor at initial withdrawal of the belt and thus locking of the spindle in order to prevent continued withdrawal of the belt. The rotor comprises a support mounted for rotation in relation to the spindle and having two radially displaceable locking members mounted therein which are spring biased in order to engage a non-circular portion of the spindle, and a toothed rim to be engaged by said device sensitive to inclination and/or deceleration, is rotatably mounted on the support and is rotatable therewith by way of a resilient drive connection.

The present invention relates to safety belt retractors such as are 
commonly used in motor cars, having a locking mechanism which is 
operatively connected with the spindle of the retractor and comprises a 
rotor connected with the spindle, and at least one locking element 
displaceably arranged in the rotor, said locking element being engageable 
with an associated stationary locking element by a relative rotational 
movement of the spindle and the rotor for locking the spindle against 
rotational movement, and a device sensitive to inclination and/or 
deceleration, which is adjusted, by inclination of the retractor or 
retardation of a vehicle in which the retractor is mounted, from a 
disengaged position to an engaged position restraining the rotation of the 
rotor to provide a relative rotational movement of the spindle and the 
rotor at initial withdrawal of the belt and thus locking of the spindle in 
order to prevent continued withdrawal of the belt. 
Retractors of this type are known wherein the locking mechanism practically 
without exception consists of a great number of parts which are rather 
complicated from a manufacturing and mounting point of view. 
A primary object of the invention is to provide a retractor of the type 
referred to having a locking mechanism which is more advantageous from a 
manufacturing point of view, which can be made from simple pressed or 
moulded pieces, and in which several parts can be mounted together to 
individual units before the final assembly of the retractor; such units 
can be combined with each other in a simple way in final assembly. 
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in 
part in the description which follows and in part will be obvious from the 
description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects 
and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of 
the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the 
appended claims. 
To achieve the foregoing objects and in accordance with the purpose of the 
invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the retractor of this 
invention comprises a frame, a spindle rotatably mounted in said frame, 
means biasing said spindle in a belt-retracting direction a non-circular 
portion formed by said spindle, a locking mechanism operatively connected 
with the spindle for rotation therewith and for displacement thereby 
between nonrotating locking and rotatable nonlocking positions; and 
including a support mounted for rotation in relation to the spindle, two 
opposed radially displaceable locking members mounted on the support, 
spring means biasing the locking members to resiliently engage said 
non-circular portion of the spindle at slow rotational movements of the 
spindle, a stationary locking element, said locking members being 
displaced by the spindle into engagement with said stationary locking 
element by a rapid rotational movement of the spindle exceeding the 
biasing force of the spring means, whereby the noncircular portion cams 
the locking members into nonrotating locking position with the stationary 
locking element for locking the spindle against rotational movement, a 
second locking mechanism cooperating with the first locking mechanism to 
actuate the first in response to at least one of the parameters 
inclination and deceleration of the retractor, the second locking 
mechanism including a toothed rim and a resilient drive connection between 
the support and the toothed rim; and further including a locking means 
responsive to inclination or deceleration of the retractor for engaging 
said toothed rim to thereby prevent said toothed rim from rotating with 
the spindle and thereby actuate the first locking mechanism.

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of 
the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying 
drawing. 
The motor car safety belt retractor shown herein comprises a frame 10 in 
which is rotatably mounted a spindle 11 for winding up the belt. A spiral 
spring (not shown) is provided at one end of the frame in a spring case 12 
and is tensioned upon withdrawal of the belt from the retractor. Onto the 
other end of the frame is slipped a cover 13 which encloses a locking 
mechanism arranged at this end for locking the spindle against withdrawal 
of the belt from the retractor, dependent upon of the speed at which the 
strap is withdrawn from the retractor, and of the inclination or 
deceleration of the motor car in which the retractor is mounted. 
The locking mechanism comprises a support 14 provided with a lid 15. These 
two elements can be made of plastic and may be permanently interconnected 
after the parts to be contained therein have been located on the support. 
Said parts comprise two locking members 16 which are made as identical, 
almost U-shaped pressed pieces of sheet metal. Each locking member 
comprises a projecting toothed edge portion 17, a central recess 18 and at 
one side of this recess a protrusion 19 and at the other side a recess 20. 
The two locking members are located in the housing 14 in such a way that 
the protrusion 19 of one locking member engages the recess 20 of the other 
locking member, the two recesses 18 forming a central elongated opening 
between the two locking members. A portion 21 of the spindle 11, forming 
opposite flat surfaces, is received in said opening, and the two locking 
members are biased to engage this portion of the spindle by two bar 
springs 22 such as wire or plate springs which are mounted on the support 
14. The ends of each spring engage abutment shoulders 23 on the support, 
and approximately at the central portion the spring engages a projection 
23' on the associated locking member 16. Said projections 23' are guided 
for limited radial displacement in slots 24 in the lid 15, and the support 
14 is connected to the spindle 11 by the engagement of members 16 with the 
flattened portion 21 of the spindle in the manner described in order to 
rotationally connect the support including the lid and the locking 
members, to the spindle. However, the spindle is received with clearance 
in a connection piece 25 provided on the lid 15 said lid and thus the 
support is rotatably mounted in the frame 10 by means of said connection 
piece. 
As can easily be seen, the locking members 16 will be separated by cam 
action provided by the flat portion 21 of the spindle 11 if the spindle is 
rotated in relation to the support. The toothed edge portions 17 of the 
locking members are normally retracted into the support, but at such 
relative rotation between the support and the spindle the locking members 
will be cammed out from the support to engage portions 17 with an interior 
toothed rim 26 provided on the frame 10. 
If the belt which is wound on the spindle 11 is withdrawn quickly from the 
spindle 11, the spindle will rotate in relation to the housing 14, since 
the housing due to the inertia thereof cannot catch up with the rotation 
of the spindle and, thus, such a quick withdrawal of the belt results in 
interengagement of toothed portions 17 of the locking members 16 and the 
toothed rim 26. Accordingly the spindle will be locked thereby locking the 
belt against continued withdrawal. This known function of a retractor for 
motor car safety belts is achieved according to the invention by a very 
simple mechanism, in which the two locking members 16 as mentioned above 
can be made as pressed pieces of sheet metal, while the support 14 
including the lid 15 can be injection moulded of suitable plastic 
material. The mounting of the locking members is simple, since the members 
can easily be placed in the support 14 and then the springs 22 can be 
properly engaged in a simple manner. Thereafter the lid 15 is put on and 
is attached to the support e.g. by ultrasonic welding, and the unit 
produced in this way can easily be mounted in the frame 10 on the end of 
the spindle 11 by inserting the flattened portion 21 of the spindle into 
the elongated opening defined by the recesses 18, the connection piece 25 
simultaneously being introduced into the mounting opening therefor in the 
frame. 
In order to engage the locking mechanism not only according to a quick 
withdrawal of the belt but also according to inclination or retardation of 
the motor car in which the retractor is mounted, there is a supplementary 
device which provides an improved security of locking of the belt in case 
a collision or a sudden retardation of the motor car should take place. It 
is true that a sharp pull on the belt will cause the belt to be locked 
against continued withdrawal, but in the retractor described as well as in 
several retractors previously known the locking is initiated not only by 
the acceleration of the belt but also by a retardation of the motor car, 
often associated with a collision, or by an inclination or tilting of the 
car which also often occurs in connection with collisions. 
The inclination and deceleration sensitive locking device is of a weak 
construction, since the purpose thereof is not to lock the spindle 11 
against rotation but only to restrain the rotation of the support 14, so 
that locking of the spindle 11 achieved in the manner described will be 
initiated. On a connecting piece 27 formed by the support 14 a wheel 28 is 
rotatably mounted, which forms four curved cavities 29 at the side thereof 
facing the support, and which has at its opposite side a toothed rim 30 
having inside teeth. This wheel is arranged to be rotated with the support 
14 when rotated by the spindle 11, and the drive connection provided for 
this purpose is resilient and comprises a helical pressure spring 31 which 
is located in one of the cavities 29 and is guided in this cavity, and a 
projection 32 arranged on the support 14 and extending axially into the 
cavity 29 receiving the spring. Accordingly, the spring is engaged between 
this projection and one of the radial walls of the cavity 29. At the 
center of the wheel 28 a housing 33 is rotatably mounted by a pivot 34, 
this housing also being rotatably mounted in the cover 13 by a pivot 35. 
On the pivot 35 there is located a radially projecting arm 36 stationarily 
attached to the pivot and having a small protrusion 37 at its free end. By 
means of the arm 36 the housing 33 can be adjusted by rotation to any one 
of two mutually perpendicular positions which are determined by recesses 
38 in the cover 13. The arm 36 can engage via the protrusion 37 thereof 
either of the recesses 38 but can be lifted out from the recess owing to 
the fact that the arm 36 is made somewhat resilient. Like the housing 33 
and the wheel 28 it can be made of plastic. The housing 33 forms a conical 
bowl 39, and in this bowl a steel ball 40 is located which can roll freely 
in the bowl. A plate 41 rests on the ball. The contact surface thereof 
abutting the ball has a conical form corresponding to the conical form of 
the bowl 39, and a latch 42 formed integrally with this plate projects 
through an opening 43 in the upper wall of the housing 33 and extends 
inwardly below the toothed rim 30 of the wheel 28. 
The retractor is mounted with the housing 33 in such a position, that the 
latch 42 is directed substantially vertically upwardly and that the plate 
41 rests on the ball 40 as is shown in FIG. 1. If the motor car is 
inclined or undergoes a sharp retardation, the ball will roll sideways in 
the bowl 39 and will thereby press out the latch 42 so that it engages the 
toothed rim 30 on the wheel 28. Thereby, the wheel 28 will be stopped in 
relation to the support 14 and the spindle 11, so that the support will be 
restrained under compression of the spring 31. Then, the two locking 
members 16 are positively spaced by the relative rotation of the spindle 
11 and the support 14 in order to engage the toothed rim 26 as shown in 
FIG. 7. Hence, there is in this case a positive engagement of the locking 
mechanism of the spindle 11 according to inclination or deceleration of 
the motor car and independently of the speed of withdrawal of the belt 
from the retractor. Since the drive means between the support 14 and the 
wheel 28 is resiliently yieldable, the device responsive to inclination 
and deceleration will not be subjected to a heavy load; the spindle 11 
will be locked by the locking members 16 before the yield distance of the 
drive means has been utilized during relative movement of the support 14 
and the wheel 28. It is of course necessary to dimension the locking 
mechanism in such a way, that the projection 32 will not be allowed to 
positively drive the wheel 28 in the rotational direction of the support 
14, before the locking members have engaged the toothed rim 28 at their 
toothed portions 17. 
In order to prevent the ball 40 from bouncing off the side wall of the 
housing 33 when it has moved from the central position in the bowl shown 
in FIGS. 1 and 6, due to inclination or sharp retardation of the motor 
car, there are provided in the side wall of the housing 33 four round 
permanent magnets 44 the adjacent ends of which are spaced and have 
opposite magnetic polarities. Thus, when the steel ball 40 has been 
displaced from the central position towards the side wall of the housing 
33 it will adhere to one or two of the magnets and will be maintained in 
the position wherein the plate 41 is lifted and the latch 42 is engaged 
with the toothed rim 30, against shocks or vibrations tending to return 
the ball towards the central position shown. 
Whe the spindle 11 is rotated by the associated spring mounted in the 
spring case 12 the latch 42 will be positively pressed down by cam action 
provided by the toothed rim 30 rotating clockwise as seen in FIG. 6, and 
thus the pressure exerted on the plate 41 will urge the ball 40 towards 
the central position against the attraction provided by the magnet(s) 44. 
Since it is essential, as will be seen from the above description, that the 
bowl 39 as well as the plate 41 is arranged substantially horizontally and 
that the latch 42 is directed substantially vertically, this would mean, 
that the retractor could be mounted only in a predetermined position, 
namely the position shown in FIG. 1. However, in certain cases the 
retractor is arranged on the floor of the motor car and in other cases the 
retractor is placed on the side wall of the car, i.e. either in one or the 
other of two mutually perpendicular positions. The improvement in the 
retractor according to the invention comprising the rotatable housing 33 
has been made in order to make this alternative mounting of the retractor 
possible. If the retractor has to be disposed in a position, rotated 
90.degree. about the axis of the spindle 11 in relation to the position 
shown in FIG. 1, the projection 37 will be lifted from the recess 38 in 
which it is introduced in the position according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and 
thereafter the housing 33 is rotated 90.degree. by the arm 36 which is 
then allowed to snap into the other recess 38 at its protrusion 37. This 
rotation of the housing 33 can of course be made in connection with the 
mounting of the retractor and thus it is sufficient to store only one ype 
of strap retractors which can be adjusted for mounting on the floor or on 
the wall in the motor car. However, it is of course also possible to set 
the arm 36 in a predetermined position during manufacture and then to 
permanently fix it in this position by ultrasonic welding or in any other 
suitable way. Even if the setting is made in this way during manufacture 
the rotatable housing 33 provides a substantial advantage from a 
manufacturing point of view. 
The locking mechanism of the type described comprising a ball and a bowl in 
the housing 33 can obviously be replaced by another locking mechanism, for 
instance a locking mechanism having a pendulum, and also in that case the 
rotatable housing 33 provides an advantage from a manufacturing and 
mounting point of view. 
It will be evident, but it is still worth mentioning, that the mounting of 
the retractor according to the invention will be extremely simple, since 
only a few elements need to be mounted at the final assembly of the 
locking device. The housing 14 closed by the lid 15 in which the locking 
members 16 are mounted is fitted into the frame, after which the wheel 28 
with the spring 31 placed therein is slipped onto the connecting piece 27 
of the housing during introduction of the projection 32 into the recess 29 
which receives the spring 31. Then the pre-assembled housing 33 provided 
with ball 40 and latch 42, is mounted in the wheel 28, after which the 
cover 13 is put into its place and is fixed to the frame 10 in a suitable 
manner. The pivot 35 projecting from the cover 13 is provided with the arm 
36, which can be fixed to the pivot by ultrasonic welding, and thereafter 
the mounting of the locking mechanism is concluded. As can be seen the 
operations are very simple and need no accurate adjustments, nd 
furthermore the elements of the locking mechanism are simple to 
manufacture, both the locking mechanism 14, 15, 16 for the spindle 11 and 
the supplementary locking mechanism 33, 40, 41, 42 for the wheel 28. 
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other 
modifications and variations in addition to those mentioned above could be 
made in the belt retractor of the invention without departing from the 
scope and spirit of the invention.