Managing resources consolidation configurations

Systems and methods for monitoring the performance associated with fulfilling resource requests and determining optimizations for improving such performance are provided. A processing device obtains and processes performance metric information associated with processing a request corresponding to two or more embedded resources. The processing device uses the processed performance metric information to determine a consolidation configuration to be associated with the two or more embedded resources. In some embodiments, in making such a determination, the processing device assesses performance metric information collected and associated with subsequent requests corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources and using each of a variety of alternative consolidation configurations. The processing device may also consider a number of factors, including performance selection criteria obtained from an original content provider. Aspects of systems and methods for generating recommendations to use a particular consolidation configuration to process a subsequent request corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources are also provided.

BACKGROUND

Generally described, computing devices and communication networks may be utilized to exchange information. In a common application, a computing device may request content from another computing device via a communication network. For example, a user at a personal computing device may utilize a browser application to request a web page from a server computing device via the Internet. In such embodiments, the user computing device may be referred to as a client computing device and the server computing device may be referred to as a content provider.

Content providers are generally motivated to provide requested content to client computing devices often with consideration of efficient transmission of the requested content to the client computing device and/or consideration of a cost associated with the transmission of the content. Additionally, the content requested by the client computing devices may have a number of components, which may require further consideration of latencies associated with delivery of the individual components as well as the originally requested content as a whole.

With reference to an illustrative example, a requested Web page, or original content, may be associated with a number of additional resources, such as images or videos, that are to be displayed with the Web page. In one specific embodiment, the additional resources of the Web page are identified by a number of embedded resource identifiers, such as uniform resource locators (“URLs”). In turn, software on the client computing devices, such as a browser application, typically processes embedded resource identifiers to generate requests for the content. Often the resource identifiers associated with the embedded resource reference a computing device associated with the content provider such that the client computing device would transmit the request for the additional resources to the referenced computing devices. Accordingly, in order to satisfy a content request, the content provider(s) (or any service provider on behalf of the content provider(s)) would provide client computing devices data associated with the Web page and/or data associated with the embedded resources.

Traditionally, a number of methodologies exist which measure the performance associated with the exchange of data such as in the environment described above. For example, some methodologies provide for limited measurement of performance metrics associated with network side processing of a content request. Other methodologies allow for limited measurement of performance metrics associated with the content request measured from the browser side.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Generally described, the present disclosure is directed to monitoring the performance and processing of data exchanges between client computing devices and server computing devices. Specifically, aspects of the disclosure will be described with regard to monitoring a data exchange involving a request by a client computing device for an original resource and two or more corresponding embedded resources and dynamically identifying one or more consolidation configurations to be utilized in conjunction with processing a subsequent request corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources. Each consolidation configuration includes an identification of one or mores sets of the two or more embedded resources to be consolidated. Performance data can then be used to assess performance related to processing of the various client requests corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources. Additionally, the processed performance data can be used to determine whether to recommend a particular consolidation configuration to improve performance of further subsequent client requests for the corresponding content. In other aspects of the disclosure, embedded resources which are common to two or more distinct resource requests can be identified and consolidated to test performance associated with each of the two or more distinct resource requests.

Traditionally, network servers can collect latency information associated with a server's processing of a client request for a resource. For example, network servers can measure a time associated with processing an incoming client request, identifying/obtaining the requested resource, and initiating the transmission of the resource responsive to the client request. Additionally, client computing devices can collect latency information associated with the client computing device's initiation of a resource request and receipt of the resource responsive to the request. Aspects of the present disclosure, which will be described further below, are directed to identifying and providing additional information to improve the performance assessment related to the processing of a client request for one or more resources and to dynamically identifying and evaluating modifications to the original request, original resource, and/or any embedded resources. Although various aspects of the disclosure will be described with regard to illustrative examples and embodiments, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosed embodiments and examples should not be construed as limiting.

FIG. 1is a block diagram illustrative of a performance measurement system100for monitoring the performance and processing of data exchanges. As illustrated inFIG. 1, the performance measurement system100includes a number of client computing devices102(generally referred to as clients) for requesting content from a content provider. As illustrated inFIG. 1, each client computing device102includes a client computing component104for requesting content from network resources in the form of an originally requested resource that may include identifiers to two or more embedded resources that need to be requested. As will be described in greater detail below, the client computing component104also identifies performance metrics obtained by client computing devices and/or components, such as browser software applications. Additionally, the client computing device102includes a performance measurement component106that identifies additional performance metrics associated with the client request, such as network level performance data including, for example, timing of receipt of first and last network packets of data for fulfilling the original resource request and each embedded resource request. In one embodiment, the performance measurement component106works in conjunction with the client computing component104to collect performance metric information such as from an operating system or a data file.

As illustrated inFIG. 1, the client computing component104and performance measurement component106are executed on each client computing device102. Alternatively, the client computing component104may not be configured, or is otherwise incapable of, obtaining or providing some or all of the performance metric information described herein. In such an embodiment, the client computing component104may function with a reduced or limited capacity. In still a further embodiment, the client computing component104may function in conjunction with a separate communication software application (e.g., a browser software application) to provide the combined functionality described for the client computing component104. For example, the client computing component could correspond to a stand alone software application, plugin, script, and the like. Additionally, although each client computing device102is illustrated as having a separate performance measurement component106, in an alternative embodiment, the performance measure component106may be shared by one or more client computing devices.

In an illustrative embodiment, the client computing devices102may correspond to a wide variety of computing devices including personal computing devices, laptop computing devices, hand-held computing devices, terminal computing devices, mobile devices, wireless devices, various electronic devices and appliances and the like. As also illustrated inFIG. 1, the client computing devices102are considered to be logically grouped, as represented generally by client107, regardless of whether the client computing devices are physically separate and geographically distributed throughout the communication network114. In this regard, the client computing devices102may each communicate directly or indirectly with other computing devices over network114, such as a wide area network or local network. Additionally, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that client107can be associated with various additional computing devices/components including, but not limited to, content and resource administrative components, DNS resolvers, scheduling devices/components, and the like.

Each of the client computing devices102can accordingly include necessary hardware and software components for establishing communications over the network114. For example, the client computing devices102may include networking components and additional software applications that facilitate communications via the Internet or an intranet. As previously described, the client computing device102may include an additional, separate browser software application. The client computing devices102may also be associated with, or otherwise include, other computing components, such as proxy applications, for further facilitating communications via the Internet or an intranet. As previously described, the client computing components104may each function as a browser software application for requesting content from a network resource. Additionally, in an illustrative embodiment, the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102may function as a proxy application for managing browser application content requests to the network resource. In other embodiments, the client computing devices102may be otherwise associated with an external proxy application, as well as any other additional software applications or software services, used in conjunction with requests for content.

With continued reference toFIG. 1and as set forth generally above, the performance measurement system100may include a content provider108in communication with the one or more client computing devices102via the communication network114. The content provider108may include a number of content delivery components110, such as a Web server component and associated storage component corresponding to one or more server computing devices for obtaining and processing requests for content (such as Web pages) from the client computing devices102. The content provider108can further include a performance measurement component112for measuring performance metrics, such as a time associated with processing an incoming client request, identifying/obtaining the requested resource, and initiating the transmission of the resource responsive to the client request. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that the content provider108can include or otherwise be associated with various additional computing resources, including, but not limited to, additional computing devices for administration of content and resources, DNS name servers, interfaces for obtaining externally provided content (e.g., advertisements, Web services, etc.), and the like. Although the performance measurement system100is illustrated in a client-server configuration, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that the performance measurement system100may be implemented in a peer-to-peer configuration as well.

With yet further continued reference toFIG. 1, the performance measurement system100may further include a processing device116for collecting and aggregating performance data related to the processing of client requests. The processing device116can also be used to assess the collected performance data and to determine if modifications to the original resource and/or embedded resources should be made to improve performance for subsequent client requests for the original resource and/or embedded resources.

As illustrated inFIG. 1, the processing device116is in communication with the one or more client computing devices102and the content provider108via communication network114. Additionally, as will be further described below, the processing device116may include a metric processing component118for the collection and aggregation of performance data from the client computing devices102and/or content provider108, or any other computing devices, as well as for the assessment of performance data. Specifically, in one embodiment, the client computing components104and performance measurement components106associated with client computing devices102provide performance metric information to the metric processing component118, while the performance measurement component112of the content provider108provides performance metric information to the metric processing component118. The processing device116may further include a local data store120for storing the received performance data. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art and others that metric processing component118and data store120may correspond to multiple devices/components and/or may be distributed.

One skilled in the relevant art will also appreciate that the components and configurations provided inFIG. 1are illustrative in nature. Accordingly, additional or alternative components and/or configurations, especially regarding additional components, systems and subsystems for facilitating communications may be utilized.

With reference now toFIGS. 2-4, an illustrative example of the operation of the performance monitoring system100according to some embodiments will be described. For purposes of the example, however, the illustration has been simplified such that many of the components utilized to facilitate communications are not shown. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that such components may be utilized and that additional interactions would accordingly occur without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

With reference toFIG. 2, a client computing component104initiates a content request that is intended to ultimately be received and processed by the content provider108. In an illustrative embodiment, the requested content may correspond to a Web page that is displayed on the client computing device102via the processing of a base set of information, such as hypertext markup language (“HTML”), extensible markup language (“XML”), and the like. The base set of information may also include a number of embedded resource identifiers that corresponds to resource objects that should be obtained by the client computing device102as part of the processing of the requested content. The embedded resource identifiers may be generally referred to as resource identifiers or resource URLs. The request for the base set of information and the subsequent request(s) for any embedded resources may be referred to generally as a “resource request.”

In one embodiment, prior to initiating a resource request, the client computing component104associates a record identifier with the resource request. As will be described further below, the record identifier may be used to track performance metrics associated with processing the requested resource and any embedded resources. In one example, the record identifier may be attached to the resource request as a header or otherwise embedded in the request. The client computing component104then transmits the resource request with the record identifier. However, as will also be described further below, the client computing component104may alternatively transmit the associated record identifier in a separate transmission from the resource request.

It will be appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art and others that the client computing component104may generate the resource request and associated record identifier itself or receive one or the other or both from another storage or computing device. For example, another computing device, such as processing device116, may be used to determine whether a test to monitor performance metrics associated with processing a particular resource, such as a Web page, should be conducted. In this example, the processing device116may send the test request, which includes a resource identifier corresponding to the desired resource request and a record identifier further associated with the resource identifier, to the client computing device102.

In one illustrative embodiment, as shown inFIG. 2, the client computing component104initiates the content request by transmitting the resource identifier and associated record identifier directly or indirectly to the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102. However, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art that, in the alternative, the performance measurement component106can otherwise intercept the content request initiated by the client computing component104.

Continuing with the present example and in further reference toFIG. 2, the performance measurement component106receives the resource request and forwards the resource request on to the content provider108via communication network114. Thereafter, the performance measurement component106continually monitors performance metrics associated with the processing of the requested resource, including any embedded resources. Specifically, in one illustrative embodiment, the performance measurement component106monitors network level performance metrics associated with the processing of the requested resource and any embedded resources, such as timing of receipt of the first and last bytes (or packets) of data of each request, as well as overall processing time associated with the entire resource request including all embedded resources. The performance measurement component106can either obtain such performance metric information directly from the operating system of the client computing device102or through the client computing component104. The performance measurement component106associates the monitored performance metrics with the record identifier.

As further illustrated inFIG. 2, the content provider108receives the resource request from the client computing device102and processes the resource request using content delivery components110, such as a Web server. The content provider108can also use a performance measurement component112to monitor performance metrics associated with processing the incoming client request, identifying/obtaining the requested resource, and initiating the transmission of the resource responsive to the client request. As shown inFIG. 2, upon obtaining the requested resource, the content provider108initiates transmission of the requested resource to the client computing device102.

In this illustrative example, the performance measurement component106at the client computing device102obtains the requested resource, continues monitoring the processing of the requested resource, and forwards the requested resource to the client computing component104. For example, the performance measurement component106may serve as a proxy application for receiving the requested resource or otherwise intercepting the requested resource. The client computing component104also tracks performance metrics associated with the processing of the requested resource. Upon receipt of the requested resource, the client computing component104begins processing the content for display on a monitor or other display device associated with the client computing device102. Alternatively, the client computing component104can process the content for sending to any other component or external device (e.g., a framebuffer). As will be further described below, the above described functions apply to the processing of the originally requested resource, as well as any embedded resources.

With reference now toFIG. 3, the client computing component104and the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102can each identify performance metric information that the respective components have monitored and/or collected. The performance metric information from the client computing component104may include a variety of information, such as process information, memory information, network data, resource data, client computing component information, including page setups, browser rendering information, state variables, and other types of information. In one specific example, the performance metric information may include information regarding a time at which a particular resource was rendered on a Web page, its location on the page, whether the resource was rendered on the device display, and the like. The performance metric information from the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102can also include a variety of information as similarly set forth generally above. In one specific example, the performance metric data may include network statistics, latencies, bandwidths, and data arrival times, such as the timing of receipt of first and last packets of information for the requested resource and each embedded resource. In another specific example, the performance metric information can include timing information associated with processing executable resources, such as JavaScript, as well as additional information that can be used to indirectly determine processing times associated with the execution of the resource once the executable code has been obtained.

The performance metric information from the client computing component104and/or the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102can also include basic resource information, such as an identification of the resource type, a link to a header associated with the requested resource, a size of a transmission responsive to the resource request, including a size of the header as well as a size of a payload corresponding to the actual requested resource, an identification of a domain from which the resource was requested, and the like. Even further, the performance metric information can include underlying computer resource information, such as a resolution of the display of the client computing device102, a version of the browser application software, an identification of any plugins associated with the browser application software, an identification of any updates to the operating system of the client computing device102, and the like. Even further, the performance metric information can include information regarding the location of the client device102(such as an IP address), servers associated with the content provider108, and the like.

Still further, the performance metric information can include an identification of limitations and/or restrictions associated with processing resource requests using client computing device hardware and/or software. For example, the performance metric information can include identification of a threshold number (e.g., a maximum, a minimum, a range, and the like) of simultaneous connections to a domain. As another example, the performance metric information can include identification of an order associated with initiating embedded resource requests.

With continued reference toFIG. 3, the client computing component104and the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102provide the identified performance metric information together with the associated record identifier of the requested resource to the metric processing component118of the processing device116via the communication network114. The metric processing component118then processes the received performance metric information to assess performance related to the processing of the client request for the original resource and any embedded resources. The processed performance metric information can be used to support modifications to the original resource and/or embedded resources to improve performance for subsequent client requests for the original resource. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art and others, the processing device116can store the received and/or processed performance metric information in local data store120, or any other data store distributed across the network114. Additionally, as will be further described below in reference toFIGS. 7A-7C, the processing device116can cause the display of the processed performance metric information to a user of the system for further assessment.

In one illustrative embodiment, once the client computing component104completes processing of the requested resource and any embedded resources, the client computing component104identifies performance metric information that the client computing component104monitored and/or otherwise collected related to such processing. In this example, the client computing component104provides the identified performance metric information with the record identifier associated with the requested resource to the metric processing component118. Upon receipt of this information, the metric processing component118then requests any further performance metric information related to the requested resource and any embedded resources from the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102. In response, the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102identifies and provides performance metric information with the record identifier associated with the requested resource to the metric processing component118. The metric processing component118can use the record identifier to aggregate the received performance metric information. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art and others that the identified performance metric information may be transmitted to the metric processing component118by a number of alternative methodologies and/or components.

With reference now toFIG. 4, in one illustrative embodiment, the performance measurement component112of the content provider108can identify performance metric information that it has collected related to the processing of the requested resource and/or any embedded resource. The performance measurement component112provides the identified performance metric information to the metric processing component118of the processing device116via communication network114. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art and others, the performance measurement component112of the content provider108can provide the performance metric information upon request from the processing device116or upon completing its processing of the requested resource. As will be described further below, the processing device116can then aggregate the performance metric information from all components for displaying, processing, storing, or otherwise assessing performance related to the processing of the requested resource.

In one illustrative embodiment, the metric processing component118processes the performance metric information received from some or all network components (e.g., client computing component104, performance measurement component106of the client computing device102, and/or performance measurement component112of the content provider108, and the like) to assess performance related to the processing of the client request for the original resource and any embedded resources. As previously mentioned, the processed performance metric information can be used to support modifications to the original resource and/or embedded resources to improve performance for subsequent client requests for the original resource. For example, and as will be described further below in reference toFIG. 8, the metric processing component118can use the processed performance metric information associated with the original resource and, in this case, two or more embedded resources to dynamically determine a consolidation configuration associated with the two or more embedded resources to improve performance. As will also be further described below, in making such a determination, the metric processing component118can further take into consideration performance metric information collected and associated with subsequent resource requests for the original resource and the content associated with the two or more embedded resources using such alternative consolidation configurations, as well as performance selection criteria which can be obtained from the original content provider.

With reference now toFIG. 5, one embodiment of a performance monitoring routine500implemented by the client computing component104of the client computing device102will be described. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that actions/steps outlined for routine500may be implemented by one or many computing devices/components that are associated with the client computing device102. Accordingly, routine500has been logically associated as being generally performed by the client computing device102, and thus the following illustrative embodiments should not be construed as limiting.

At block502, a client computing component104identifies an original resource request. As previously mentioned, the client computing component104can generate the original resource request or receive the original resource request from another computing device, such as processing device116. In one example, the original resource request may be for a Web page, such as http://example.com. At block504, the client computing component104associates a record identifier (RID) with the original resource request. The RID may be a unique identifier associated with the original resource request. As will be further described below, the RID can also be associated with any embedded resources included in a response to the original resource request. Even further, although not illustrated, in an alternative embodiment, in the event that the client computing component104does not need a RID, the client computing component104may not associate a RID with the resource request as shown at block504.

At block506, the resource request is transmitted to another entity. In this example, the resource request is transmitted to the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102. As previously mentioned, the performance measurement component106can alternatively intercept the transmission request as it is being routed to a content provider108for example. In one illustrative embodiment, the resource request may itself contain the RID, such that the resource request and associated RID are transmitted as part of the same transmission. For example, the RID may be included as a portion of the resource URL used to request the resource. Alternatively or additionally, the RID may be transmitted in a second communication, either before or after the transmission including the resource request. For example, a “start new request group” command, including the RID may be issued before or after the initial resource request. In one further alternative embodiment, the client computing component104may not include a RID with the issuance of a “start new request group” command, and in this case, the performance measurement component106may generate, or otherwise obtain, such a RID upon receipt of the “start new request group” command.

Continuing at block508, a determination is made at the client computing component104regarding whether any additional resources need to be requested to fulfill the original resource request. As appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art, a response to the original resource request may be returned to the client computing component104which includes a number of resource URLs corresponding to a number of embedded resources required to fulfill the original resource request. In one embodiment, if such additional resources are identified, processing returns to block506where the client computing component104transmits one or more requests for the identified embedded resources with the RID associated with the original resource request.

Alternatively or additionally, the client computing component104may assign a component record identifier (CRID) to each request for an embedded resource at optional block510. In this example, when processing returns to block506, the client computing component104may transmit the one or more embedded resource requests with the respectively assigned CRIDs. In an illustrative embodiment, the requests for embedded resources may be transmitted with respective CRIDs alone or together with the RID of the original resource request. As embedded resource requests (or component requests) are fulfilled, the returned content is processed by the client computing component104. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art and others that a response to an embedded resource request may include links to further embedded resources. As such, the functionality associated with blocks506-510may be repeated as described above until no resource requests are outstanding and no more additional resources need to be requested.

It will be appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art that resource requests are processed by the client computing device102in accordance with logic associated with the particular configuration of the browser software application. For example, the browser software application may be limited by a number of resource requests that may be made at one time, an order associated with the type of requests that may by made, an order based on a predetermined location for the requested resources on a display screen, or other limitations provided in the requested base resource.

Once the client computing component104determines at block508that no additional resources need to be obtained to fulfill the original resource request or any subsequent embedded resource request, processing can continue at optional block512. At block512, a termination command, such as “end new request group”, may be transmitted to indicate that the request, including requests for all embedded resources, has completed. Such a termination command may provide closure to a “start new request group” command, if one were issued as part of the first iteration of block506. In this example, the start/termination commands may be received and used by the performance measurement component106to determine which requested resources are associated with a particular originally requested resource.

At block514, once the client computing component104has completed processing the requested original resource and any embedded resources, the client computing component104provides monitored performance metric information to processing device116. The client computing component104monitors such performance metric information throughout the processing of the original resource request from initiation of the original resource request to final rendering of the requested resource and any embedded resources. The performance metric information can include, for example, timing data associated with the initiation of each request, receipt of a response to each request, and rendering of each requested resource, a size of a header and a payload associated with a responsive transmission corresponding to each requested resource, as well as other information as described herein. The routine500ends at block516.

With reference now toFIG. 6, one embodiment of a performance monitoring routine600implemented by the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102will be described. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that actions/steps outlined for routine600may be implemented by one or many computing devices/components that are associated with the client computing device102. Accordingly, routine600has been logically associated as being generally performed by the client computing device102, and thus the following illustrative embodiments should not be construed as limiting.

At block602, the performance measurement component106of the client computing component100receives (or intercepts) an original resource request from the client computing component104. In one illustrative embodiment, the performance measurement component106receives the RID with the original resource request. Alternatively, the RID may be provided as a part of a separate transmission, and accordingly, in this case, the performance measurement component106receives the RID separately. At block604, the performance measurement component106associates the RID with the original resource request. In accordance with other embodiments discussed above, the original resource request may be preceded or followed by a command or instructions, such as a “start new request group” command. Such commands may be transmitted with or without a RID, as set forth above. If such commands are received at the performance measurement component106without a RID, the performance measurement component may generate, or otherwise obtain, a RID to associate the original resource request at block604.

Continuing at block606, the original resource may be requested, such as by proxying or forwarding the resource request to the content provider108via network114. The resource request may be modified from its original form before sending, such as by stripping headers including the associated RID. The performance measurement component106also monitors the processing, including fulfillment, of the resource request at block606. For example, the performance measurement component can identify performance metric information related to the initiation of the resource request, the receipt of first and last bytes of data for each requested resource and any embedded resources, the receipt of responsive content, and the like. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art, once a response to the resource request is received at the performance measurement component106, the response is returned to the requesting application.

At block608, a determination is made by the performance measurement component106regarding whether a subsequent resource request related to the original resource request has been made by the client computing component104and accordingly received (or intercepted) by the performance measurement component. If a subsequent embedded resource request (which may bear the same RID as the original resource request, an appropriate CRID, and/or be within a start/stop command window) is received, processing continues at block610. At block610, the performance measurement component106requests any embedded resources and monitors the processing of the requested embedded resources as similarly described above in reference to the originally requested resource and block606. The functionality associated with blocks608-610may be repeated as described above until no resource requests are outstanding.

If the performance measurement component106determines that no more outstanding resource requests remain at block608, processing continues at block612. Specifically, the performance measurement component106provides monitored performance metric information to processing device116. The performance measurement component106monitors such performance metric information throughout the processing of the original resource request, from initiation of the original resource request to final rendering of the requested resource and any embedded resources. The performance metric information may include, for example, timing data associated with the initiation of each request, receipt of a response to each request, and receipt of first and last packets of data for each of the original resource request and any embedded resource requests, as well as other additional information as described herein.

In one illustrative embodiment, the performance measurement component106can identify performance metric information for providing to the processing device116in a variety of ways. For example, in one embodiment, the performance measurement component106can store performance measurement information in a log file together with identifiers to associate performance metric information with corresponding resource requests. In this example a set of requested resources may be joined by common RIDs, common CRIDs, associated CRID (e.g., where each component has a distinct CRID, but the distinct CRIDs of a single group have been associated or otherwise linked together, such as by a RID). In another illustrative embodiment, the performance measurement component can retrieve performance metric information from a log file based on timing information associated with a resource request. For example, a set of requested resources may be defined as the resources requested or fulfilled between a start command and an end command, or between an original resource request (inclusive) and a stop command. The routine600ends at block614.

With reference now toFIG. 7A, an illustrative user interface700generated by the processing device116for displaying a variety of performance metric information collected, or otherwise identified, by the performance measurement system100ofFIG. 1will be described. Generally, the user interface700shown inFIG. 7Aprovides a graphical side-by-side comparison of the performance metric information identified for the originally requested resource and some or all requested embedded resources. The user interface700may also be provided over the network114for display on other computing devices.

With reference toFIG. 7A, the user interface700may be utilized to display a set of time-based events for a set of resources. For example, the user interface700may graphically represent an order of time-based events for an originally requested resource and for each subsequent request for embedded resources. More specifically, the user interface700includes a legend702identifying, for a number of resource types, a graphical indicator corresponding to a number of time-based events704,706,708,710, and712involved in processing a request for the resource. The resource types identified in the legend702include HTML resources, image (IMG) resources, and JavaScript (JS) resources. However, it will be appreciated that a number of alternative or additional resource types can be identified. For each resource type, the legend702provides a distinct color-coded indicator corresponding to a transition period and/or transition event(s) occurring between each identified event704,706,708,710, and712. In one embodiment, the distinct indicators may be visual in nature, such as color-coded, cross-hatched, or the like. In another embodiment, instead of using a distinct indicator for each transition period and/or transition event(s) associated with each resource type as illustrated inFIG. 7A, a distinct indicator may be used simply for each transition period and/or transition event(s) regardless of the resource type.

In an illustrative embodiment, events704,706,708,710, and712correspond to the following time-based events identified by the performance metric information. Event704identifies a Start Event representing a time at which the corresponding resource was known to be required by the client computing component104. Event706identifies a NetStart Event representing a time at which the corresponding resource was actually requested by the client computing component104. The timing of the NetStart Event may not be the same as the Start Event if, for example, the browser software application limits the number of concurrent connections with a particular domain. Event708identifies a First Byte Event representing a time at which the first byte (or first packet) of the requested resource is received by the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102. Event710identifies a Last Byte Event representing a time at which the last byte (or last packet) of the requested resource is received by the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102. Finally, event712identifies a Render Event representing a time at which the client computing component104finishes rendering the requested resource.

A second portion730of the user interface700corresponds to a representation illustrating the occurrence of each of the time-based events704,706,708,710, and712for all or some of the resources requested in resolving the original resource request. In one embodiment, the representation horizontally corresponds to time and vertically corresponds to an ordered listing of the requested resources. In one example, the order can specifically correspond to an order in which the requested resources are initially identified by the client computing component104. In addition, the second portion730of the display includes a variety of additional information adjacent to the time-based event representation for each resource. For example, in a first column732, a resource type for each resource may be provided, e.g., HTML, image, CSS, JavaScript, and the like. In a second column734, a link to a header corresponding to each requested resource may be provided. In a third column736, an HTTP response status code corresponding to each requested resource can be provided. Code200, for example, is indicative of a standard response for successful HTTP requests. Finally, in a fourth column738, the size of each resource may be provided.

In another embodiment, yet further additional information may be displayed in the user interface700. For example, the user interface700may display the total processing time, both numerically and graphically, associated with processing the original resource request including any embedded resource requests. In this example, an indicator740may illustrate a starting time while an indicator746may illustrate an ending time, both associated with the processing of the original resource request as a whole. Additionally, when the original resource request is a request for a Web page, the user interface700may illustrate a time, both numerically and graphically, at which all resources have been rendered in a portion of a Web page which is initially visible to a user without scrolling. This portion of the Web page is often referred as an “above the fold,” “above the scroll,” or “above the crease” portion. An indicator744in the user interface700ofFIG. 7Aillustrates an “above the fold” (ATF) event.

The foregoing performance metric information provided in the user interface700may be identified and/or collected by a combination of the client computing component104and/or the performance measurement component106of the client computing device102. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art and others that additional performance metric information can be displayed. Such additionally displayed performance metric information can be obtained by the client computing device102, by the performance measurement component112of the content provider108, or based on further processing of any of the identified and/or collected performance metric information. It will yet further be appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art that each resource and/or each type of resource may be associated with all or only a portion of the above-described events and/or performance metric information. In addition, other events and/or indicators associated with the other events may be used and illustrated in the user interface700.

In one specific example, an executable resource, such as a JavaScript resource, is not rendered and, accordingly, neither a Render Event712nor an associated indicator illustrating the transition between a Last Byte Event710and a Render Event712will be illustrated in the user interface700for that executable resource. However, the processing device116can indirectly determine and display a processing time associated with execution of the code once the code itself is obtained (i.e., receipt of the last byte of the code which corresponds to the Last Byte Event710). Such processing time is inferred in the user interface700ofFIG. 7Aby illustration of a gap formed between the receipt of the last byte of code associated with a first JavaScript resource at750and the start event associated with a subsequently requested JavaScript resource at752. Alternatively, an additional event and/or associated indicator could be used to specifically identify the processing time associated with execution of the code.

By providing and displaying the foregoing performance metric information as set forth above, a user of the processing device116can readily evaluate the performance associated with processing the originally requested resource, including any embedded resources. In particular, the user interface700can help a user identify any problems associated with the processing of the originally requested resource, as well as determine one or more solutions to the identified problem. Solutions for improving performance may include, for example, making changes to the content itself, to the organization of content within the originally requested resource, to the client computing component, and the like.

Additionally, the user interface700can be used to illustrate a recommendation associated with the processed and displayed performance metric information. For example, and as will be described further below, the processing device116may dynamically identify one or more consolidation configurations to be utilized in conjunction with processing a subsequent request corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources and initiate testing of the subsequent request. As similarly set forth above with respect to the original base resource request, the user interface700can be used to display performance metric information associated with the processing of each of these subsequent requests. In addition, the user interface700can be used to display a recommendation identifying a particular consolidation configuration which, for example, has been tested and demonstrated improved performance associated with processing the requested resources.

FIG. 7Billustrates the performance associated with processing a request for another original resource and two or more embedded resources. An examination of the performance data illustrated and provided in reference toFIG. 7Bindicates that eight relatively small embedded image resources750,752,754,756,758,760,762, and764are provided. Each embedded resource has a corresponding payload or file associated with the actual requested content. Additionally, during transmission to the client computing device102, each embedded resource also has a corresponding header734which adds processing overhead to the transmission. In general, the processing overhead associated with each requested resource can be attributed to various aspects associated with the resource request over the network. In the foregoing example, the processing overhead is associated with file attributes, specifically a header-to-payload size ratio. Additionally, the processing overhead can include overhead associated with the network (e.g., a network portion of the processing overhead), including for example a possible DNS look-up, establishing a TCP connection, tearing down the TCP connection, and the like. Based on the provided performance data, and as described further below in reference toFIG. 8, the processing device116may identify one or more consolidation configurations to be utilized in conjunction with processing a subsequent request corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources. Each such consolidation configuration includes an identification of one or mores sets of the two or more embedded resources to be consolidated.

In further reference toFIG. 7B, the processing device116may, for example, identify a consolidation configuration in which embedded resources750,752,754,756,758,760,762, and764are to be consolidated. A number of factors, as will also be described further below, can be used to identify such consolidation configuration. For example, the size of the headers and payloads corresponding to embedded resources may be one set of factors used for identifying a consolidation configuration for the system100to test, as well as for determining a final consolidation configuration to recommend. In particular, consolidating embedded resources that each individually has a high processing overhead based on the file attributes (i.e., a relatively small payload or actual file size compared to the corresponding header size) may provide enhanced performance associated with processing the requested content. In general, consolidating two or more embedded resources results in a single consolidated embedded resource file associated with a single network connection during transmission to the client computing device102. Accordingly, by consolidating embedded resources, the processing overhead associated with headers can essentially be shared. By further testing use of such consolidated embedded resources in the context of a subsequent request for the corresponding content, the processing device116can determine whether a particular consolidation configuration indeed offers enhanced performance benefits or offers a particular desired level of enhanced benefits.

FIG. 7Cillustrates the performance associated with processing a subsequent request utilizing the consolidation configuration identified in reference toFIG. 7B(i.e., consolidating embedded resources750,752,754,756,758,760,762, and764illustrated inFIG. 7Binto a single consolidated embedded resource corresponding to the same content). Accordingly, the user interface700inFIG. 7Cillustrates performance information associated with a single consolidated embedded resource770. In this example, as illustrated by a comparison of the processed performance information depicted inFIGS. 7B and 7C, the use of the identified consolidation configuration improved performance associated with processing a request for the corresponding content associated with the two or more embedded resources. This result is demonstrated by the overall reduced processing time associated therewith. In one embodiment, the user interfaces illustrated inFIGS. 7B and 7Ccan be provided to the content provider along with a specific recommendation, for example, to consider using the consolidation configuration associated withFIG. 7Cin order to improve performance.

As generally set forth above, a number of factors may influence the identification of a particular consolidation configuration to be tested, as well as the actual performance associated with processing a request using the identified consolidation configuration. Such factors may include, for example, a number of embedded resources corresponding to the original resource request, a size of the headers and payloads corresponding to each embedded resource, a bandwidth of the data connection over which the request is made and resource is returned, a threshold number of simultaneous connections permitted to a domain, an order of requesting the embedded resources, a location associated with each of the embedded resources on a display screen, and the like.

With respect to some factors, it may be possible to associate the factor's influence on performance to predict the expected result that the combination of that factor will have with respect to using a particular consolidation configuration. However, it may not always be possible to predict the influence the combination of factors will have with respect to using a particular consolidation configuration. Because such factors may influence the overall processing performance associated with a request using a particular consolidation configuration, the determination of a recommended consolidation configuration that achieves the best or desired level of performance for a request for the content associated with the two or more embedded resources will be analyzed by a review of the performance information resulting from the associated test cases. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the determination of a consolidation configuration associated with two or more embedded resources may be a function of the overall performance information, which may inherently be a function of a combination of the above factors, for example.

Information regarding these factors may be explicitly provided by the processing device116and/or may be inferred from other performance data provided or illustrated in the user interface700. For example, in one embodiment, a size of the headers and payloads corresponding to each embedded resource may be explicitly identified in the user interface700depicted inFIG. 7B. In another embodiment, instead of being explicitly provided, the size of the headers and payloads corresponding to each embedded resource may be estimated or inferred from other information, such as the timing information associated with an initial request for an embedded resource and a return of the last byte of information associated with the embedded resource.

With reference now toFIG. 8, one embodiment of a content processing and recommendation routine800implemented by the processing device116of the performance measurement system100will be described. One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that actions/steps outlined for routine800may be implemented by one or many computing devices/components that are associated with the processing device116. Accordingly, routine800has been logically associated as being generally performed by the processing device116, and thus the following illustrative embodiments should not be construed as limiting.

At block802, the processing device116identifies a consolidation configuration to be utilized to process a request for content associated with two or more embedded resource. The consolidation configuration includes an identification of one or more sets of the two or more embedded resources to be consolidated. Accordingly, at block802, the processing device116also identifies one or more sets of the two or more embedded resources to be utilized to process a request for the corresponding content. The processing device116can take into consideration a variety of information for identifying a consolidation configuration. For example, in one embodiment, the processing device116can receive a request from a content provider to test a specifically identified consolidation configuration in order to assess performance associated with processing the resource request using the identified consolidation configuration. In another embodiment, the processing device116can dynamically identify, based on previously processed performance metric information associated with a first request for an original resource and two or more embedded resources, a consolidation configuration that could be used to process a subsequent request corresponding to the content associated with the two or more embedded resources and to possibly offer improved performance. Alternatively, in yet another embodiment, the processing device116may automatically decide to test, and hence identify, a consolidation configuration regardless of the assessed performance associated with processing the first resource request for the original resource and two or more embedded resources.

The processing device116can take into consideration a number of factors in identifying, for testing purposes, a consolidation configuration to be associated with the two or more embedded resources. As similarly set forth above, such factors include, for example, a number of embedded resources corresponding to the original resource request, a size of the headers and payloads corresponding to each embedded resource, a bandwidth of the data connection over which the request is made and resource is returned, a threshold number of simultaneous connections permitted to a domain, an order of requesting the embedded resources, a location associated with each of the embedded resources on a display screen, and the like.

In addition or alternatively, the processing device116can take into consideration a variety of other performance selection criteria. The performance selection criteria can include, for example, quality of service information, cost information associated with processing a resource request using a particular consolidation configuration, and the like. The quality of service information can include information regarding reliability, service level quality, transmission errors, and the like. Specifically, in one embodiment, the processing device116can obtain performance selection criteria from the content provider108. The content provider108may want the processing device116to only test consolidation configurations which meet a minimum quality of service level or which would only cost a specified amount to implement. In another embodiment, the content provider108may have other performance criteria restrictions associated with a quality of service, such as wanting the processing device to only test consolidation configurations that consolidate embedded references originally located above the fold.

At block804, once the processing device116identifies a consolidation configuration to use in processing a request corresponding to content originally associated with two more embedded resources, the processing device116enables the request to be processed using the identified consolidation configuration. Specifically, in one embodiment, the processing device116consolidates each of the one or more sets of the two or more embedded resources to be consolidated to create one or more consolidated embedded resource files, such as one or more CSS sprite files. The processing device116also determines configuration information for enabling the use of the one or more consolidated embedded resource files in a request corresponding to the content associated with the original two or more embedded resources. The processing device116uses the configuration information to prepare the system for processing and transmitting content using the one or more consolidated embedded resource files.

In one illustrative embodiment, where the resource request corresponds to a request for a Web page, the processing device116can continue to use the original resource identifier for the original resource request. In this embodiment, the content provider108continues to maintain and provide the HTML code that is responsive to the original resource request. However, in one example, a content provider, or other service provider on behalf of the content provider, can be prepared to provide one or more consolidated embedded resources identified in the HTML code returned by the content provider108. Accordingly, the processing device116can modify at least a portion of the HTML code by replacing references to the two or more embedded resources that are to be consolidated with one or more resource identifiers corresponding to the one or more consolidated embedded resources.

In another embodiment, the processing device116can store the HTML code of the Web page to be tested on a local server. In this case, the processing device116re-writes the original resource identifier to query the processing device116(or associated Web server) for the requested resources. For example, the processing device116can modify the original resource identifier as http://www.processingdevice.com/contentprovider.com/path/resource.xxx. In this embodiment, the processing device116would provide the modified HTML that would include one or more consolidated embedded resource identifiers.

Returning toFIG. 8, at block806, the processing device116then initiates the resource request associated with content to be processed using the identified consolidation configuration by requesting that the client computing device102initiate the query. As similarly described above, the client computing device102monitors and collects performance data associated with the processing of the resource request and provides the performance data to the processing device116. Accordingly, at block810, the processing device116obtains and processes the performance data from the client computing device102. The obtained performance data is associated with the processing of the resource request using the consolidation configuration to provide the content associated with the two or more original embedded resources.

Next, at block812, a determination is made whether any additional consolidation configurations should be used to process a request corresponding to the content associated with the two or more original embedded resources and, accordingly, be tested to determine how the use of the additional consolidation configurations may affect the performance associated with processing such a request. If an additional consolidation configuration is to be identified, then processing returns to block802and the foregoing process in reference to blocks802-812is repeated as described above. If no additional consolidation configuration is identified, processing continues at block814.

At block814, the processing device116dynamically determines a recommended consolidation configuration to be associated with the two or more embedded resources based on the obtained and processed performance data. Additionally or alternatively, the processing device116can take into consideration a number of factors in determining a recommended consolidation configuration to be associated with the embedded resources. Again, as similarly set forth above, such factors include, for example, a number of embedded resources corresponding to the original resource request, a size of the headers and payloads corresponding to each embedded resource, a bandwidth of the data connection over which the request is made and resource is returned, a threshold number of simultaneous connections permitted to a domain, an order of requesting the embedded resources, a location associated with each of the embedded resources on a display screen, and the like.

Even further, the processing device may, additionally or alternatively, take into consideration performance selection criteria in the determination of a recommended consolidation configuration. As also similarly mentioned above, the performance selection criteria can be obtained from a content provider108and can include quality of service information, cost information, and the like. As also set forth above, the quality of service information can include information regarding reliability, service level quality, transmission errors, and the like. In one example, the processing device116can determine that a consolidation configuration corresponding to the best performance data is the determined consolidation configuration. Alternatively, a content provider108may not want to implement the best performing consolidation configuration for processing and/or transmitting content, but rather wants to consider a cost benefit analysis. For example, a content provider108may only want to consider implementing a consolidation configuration that attains a certain level of enhanced performance, such as those that meet a threshold decrease in processing time.

In addition to determining the consolidation configuration to be associated with the two or more original embedded resources, the processing device116can also generate a recommendation identifying the determined consolidation configuration or provide an evaluation of all of the tested consolidation configurations together with a recommendation of the determined consolidation configuration. Such recommendations and/or evaluations can then be provided to the content provider108. The processing device116can also generate and provide re-written HTML code to the content provider108for utilizing the determined consolidation configuration. The processing device116can also generate and provide code associated with the one or more consolidated embedded resources identified by the consolidation configuration, such as in the form of one or more CSS sprite files. The routine ends at block816.

With reference now toFIG. 9, another embodiment of a content processing and recommendation routine900implemented by the processing device116of the performance measurement system100will be described. The routine900is similar in many ways to the routine800, with the main exception being that routine900is directed at identifying embedded resources to consolidate which are common to two or more distinct original resources (e.g., two or more Web pages having at least a portion of distinct content).

One skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that actions/steps outlined for routine900may be implemented by one or many computing devices/components that are associated with the processing device116. Accordingly, routine900has been logically associated as being generally performed by the processing device116, and thus the following illustrative embodiments should not be construed as limiting.

At block902, the processing device116identifies common embedded resources corresponding to the HTML code returned in response to two or more distinct resources requests. For example, for a Web site having two or more associated Web pages, the processing device116identifies the embedded resources that are common to each page. Next, at a block904, the processing device116identifies one or more sets of two or more of the common embedded resources to be consolidated. The processing device116then enables the embedded resources corresponding to each distinct resource request to be processed using the identified one or more sets of consolidated embedded resources at block906. This process is similar to that discussed above in reference to block804ofFIG. 8, but differs in that the enablement must occur for each distinct resource (e.g., Web page) to be requested.

Continuing withFIG. 9, at block908, the processing device116initiates each of the distinct resource requests associated with content to be processed using the one or more consolidated embedded resources by requesting that the client computing device102initiate the queries. As similarly described above, the client computing device102monitors and collects performance data associated with the processing of each of the distinct resource requests and provides the performance data to the processing device116. Accordingly, at block910, the processing device116obtains and processes the performance data corresponding to each distinct request from the client computing device102.

Next, at block912, a determination is made whether any different sets of the two or more common embedded resources should be consolidated and used to process the two or more distinct resource requests and, accordingly, be tested to determine how the use of the different sets of consolidations may affect the performance associated with processing such requests. If a different set of consolidations is to be identified, then processing returns to block904and the foregoing process in reference to blocks904-912is repeated as described above. If no additional set of consolidations is identified, processing continues at block914.

At block914, the processing device116dynamically determines a recommended consolidation of embedded resources to be applied to the common resources corresponding to the two or more distinct resource requests based on the obtained and processed performance data. As also similarly set forth above, the processing device116can take into consideration a number of factors in determining such a recommendation. Additionally or alternatively, the processing device116may take into consideration performance selection criteria in the determination of such a recommendation.

Again, as similarly set forth above, in addition to determining a consolidation of embedded resources, the processing device116can also generate a recommendation identifying the determined consolidation or provide an evaluation of all of the tested consolidations together with a recommendation of the determined consolidation. Such recommendations and/or evaluations can then be provided to the content provider108. The processing device116can also generate and provide re-written HTML code to the content provider108for utilizing the determined consolidations. The processing device116can also generate and provide code associated with the one or more consolidated embedded resources identified by the consolidation, such as in the form of one or more CSS sprite files. The routine ends at block916.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art and others that while processing, monitoring, and other functions have been described herein as being performed at various components of the client computing device102and/or the processing device116, these functions can be distributed across one or more computing devices. In addition, the performance metric information monitored at the client computing device102can be maintained globally by the client computing device102and shared with all or some subset of the components of the client computing device102.

It will further be appreciated by those skilled in the art and others that all of the functions described in this disclosure may be embodied in software executed by one or more processors of the disclosed components. The software may be persistently stored in any type of non-volatile storage.