Anti-skid mechanism for wheeled vehicle

There is disclosed an anti-skid mechanism for a wheeled vehicle suitable for attachment to the outer surface of at least two wheels of said vehicle. The mechanism includes a central flanged disk adapted to be mounted on the outer surface of the wheel, an annular plate slideably mounted on the flange of said disk, plurality of radially moveable arcuate ground-engageable shoes independently and slideably mounted between the planar surface of said disk and said plate, cam means on said plate operatively engageable with a centrally located cam follower on said shoes and abutment means for moving said plate toward said disk and for clamping said shoes therebetween.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The invention relates to an anti-skid device for a wheeled vehicle. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
It is known from British Pat. No. 498,623 that an anti-skid device can be 
adapted to be mounted on the outer surfaces of the wheel of a wheeled 
vehicle. In the mechanism disclosed, ground-engaging strakes are slideably 
mounted on a fixed disk which in turn is mounted upon the wheel of said 
vehicle. The strakes are slideably mounted in radial grooves of said disk. 
Co-acting with said disk, is a second disk in which spiral grooves are 
cut. Pins or pegs, etc. mounted on the axial parts of said strakes engage 
the spiral grooves so that extension or retraction of said strakes is 
accomplished by rotation of the adjustable disk. 
It is also known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,454,407 that a non-skid mechanism can 
be adapted to be mounted on the inner surface of the wheel of a wheeled 
vehicle. In the mechanism disclosed, a plurality of ground-engageable 
arcuate shoes are slideably mounted both on a backing plate and at each 
end of said shoes where said shoes overlap. The mounting of each 
ground-engaging shoe in the central area of the shoe is accomplished by a 
plurality of grooves formed in the shoe to permit movement of the shoe in 
a direction parallel to a radius through the center portion of the shoe. 
The shoes can be moved so as to extend or retract them by clutch elements 
resiliently connected to each ground-engaging element. Coil springs 
secured to the ground-engaging element act to retract these 
ground-engaging elements when the clutch element is released. 
The novel anti-skid device of the invention is an improved anti-ski 
mechanism with simple mounting means for preventing oscillation of the 
ground-engaging shoes when said shoes engage the ground surface and which 
provides an easily adjustable mechanism for extending or retracting said 
shoe. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
There is disclosed an anti-skid device mechanism for a wheeled vehicle, 
particularly an automobile, or tractor, to provide traction when the 
vehicle is used under slippery conditions such as when the surface over 
which the vehicle passes is slippery as the result of snow or ice coating 
or in loosely compacted soil. The mechanism of the invention is adapted to 
be easily mounted upon at least two wheels of a wheeled vehicle, these two 
wheels being preferably the drive wheels of said vehicle. 
The inventive mechanism comprises the combination of a flanged disk adapted 
to be mounted on the outer side of the wheel of a wheeled vehicle, an 
annular plate slideably mounted on the flange of said flanged disk, said 
plate being mounted for limited angular and limited axial movement 
relative to said disk, a plurality of radially moveable arcuate 
ground-engageable shoes independently and slideably mounted between the 
planar surfaces of said disk and said plate, cam means on said plate 
operatively engageable with a centrally located cam follower on said shoes 
for imparting radial movement to said shoes upon rotation of said plate 
relative to said disk, and abutment means for moving said plate toward 
said disk and for clamping said shoes therebetween so as to prevent 
rotational movement of said shoes relative to said disk and said plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Referring now to the drawing, in the embodiment of the invention shown, a 
vehicle wheel is shown as comprising a hub 10 and a brake drum 13 on which 
is mounted radially extending flanges 12 connected to rim 14. The flanges 
12 are provided with a plurality of circumferentially-spaced holes 16 one 
of which is shown in FIG. 2, such holes being disposed immediately 
adjacent to the inner periphery of rim 14. 
A flanged disk 18 is secured to the wheel by means of a plurality of studs 
20. The studs 20 are secured to the disk 18 by welding or the like and are 
positioned to extend through the holes 16 formed in flanges 12. A nut 21 
is threaded on each stud 20 and abuts one of the flanges 12 to hold the 
disk 18 securely against the wheel. 
A radially extending flange 22 extends outwardly from the inner peripheral 
portion of the annular disk 18 and an annular plate 24 (shown in detail in 
FIG. 3) is slideably and rotatably mounted thereon. A plurality, 
preferably at least three arcuate slots 26 are formed in the annular plate 
24 in circumferentially spaced relation each to the other and are adapted 
to receive respectively a plurality of axially extending studs 28 secured 
to the disk 18 by any suitable means such as by welding or the like. A nut 
30 is threaded on one of the studs 28 and engages the plate 24 to move the 
same axially toward said disk 18 for a purpose which will more fully 
appear below. 
Slideably mounted between the plates 24 and the disk 18 are a plurality of 
ground engageable shoes 32 which are here shown as being generally arcuate 
in form with the peripheral portion thereof cut away at 34 in any suitable 
manner to provide for increased traction and ventilation of the tire 
covered thereby. As the shoes 32 are identical, a description of one will 
serve to disclose the structure of all. The outer periphery of the shoe 32 
may be provided with any suitable lugs or tread adapted to present a 
relatively unyielding surface to a supporting surface such as an icy road. 
The inner periphery of the shoe 32 is provided with a centrally disposed 
radial extension 36 which provides a cam follower disposed in abutting 
relation with an arcuate cam surface 38 defined by one side of one of a 
plurality of arcuate bosses 40 formed on the inner surface of the plate 
24. The arcuate surface 42 defined by the side of each boss opposite the 
surface 38 is slideably engaged by one leg of an angle 44, the other leg 
of the angle 44 being secured to the shoe 32 by any suitable means such as 
welding or the like. 
As best shown in FIG. 3, one end of each boss 40 is spaced at a greater 
distance from the center of the plate 24 than is the other end thereof. 
Accordingly, rotational movement of the plate 24 relative to the disk 18 
will cause the cam follower 36 to move along the boss 40 and radial 
movement will be imparted to the shoe 32 when rotational movement of the 
shoe 32 relative to the disk 18 is limited. 
Means is provided for restraining rotational movement of the shoe 32 
relative to the disk 18 and can take the form of a pair of parallel 
tracks, here shown as a pair of spaced parallel slots 46 formed in the 
shoe 32 and disposed on opposite sides of the cam follower 36. A suitable 
abutment or stop 48 extends into each slot 46 for slideable engagement 
with the edges thereof and is secured to the disk 18. This abutment means 
can be a stud secured to said disk by any suitable means such as welding 
or the like. The elongated slots 46 in each shoe 32 preferably extend 
parallel to a radius extending from the center of the plate 24 through the 
center of the cam follower 36. The function of this arrangement will be 
more clearly brought out in the following discussion of the operation of 
the device. 
Assume that the apparatus is in the condition shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 with 
the shoes 32 in radially extending ground-engaging position. As the wheel 
rotates, each portion of the periphery of the shoes 32 will sequentially 
engage the road surface and the force exerted by the road on the ground 
engaging shoe will pass through the point of contact and the center of the 
wheel. When this line of force acts along a radius extending through the 
cam follower 36, the shoe 32 is restrained from moving radially inward by 
engagement of the cam follower 36 with the cam surface 38. When this line 
of force is coincident with any other radius, it will urge the edges of 
the slots 46 against the abutments 48 and such engagement will be 
effective to prevent radially inward movement of the shoe 32. Thus, the 
abutments 48 and cam follower 36 provide a support for the shoe 32 which 
will maintain the same in radially extended position and which will resist 
any force which tends to rock the shoe or move the same radially inward. 
To insure retention of the various parts in their relative positions as 
shown in the drawings, the nut 30 is drawn up against the plate 24 to move 
the same toward the disk 18 thereby clamping the shoes 32 firmly 
therebetween and providing a positive locking arrangement. 
When it is desired to position the shoes 32 in a non-operative position, 
the nut 30 is loosened and the plate 24 is rotated in a counterclockwise 
direction as shown in the drawings. The angle 44 will ride up the cam 
surface 42 thereby moving the shoes 32 radially inward and out of 
ground-engaging position. The nut 30 may then be retightened to move the 
plate 24 toward the disk 18 and clamp the shoes 32 therebetween. It is to 
be noted that although the coaction of the abutments 48 and edges of the 
slots 46 restrain radial movement of the shoes 32 under the notion of 
external forces, these elements exert no restraining forces on the shoes 
32 when the same are moved by the cam device since the force exerted by 
the cam acts on a line which is parallel to the axes of the notches 46. 
When it is desired to return the shoes 32 to their radially extended ground 
engaging positions, the nut 30 is loosened and the plate 24 is rotated in 
a clockwise direction as shown in the drawings. The cam follower 36 will 
ride down the cam surface 38 to slide the shoes 32 radially outward until 
the abutments 48 engage the ends of the notches 46. The nut 30 may then be 
retightened to once more clamp the shoes 32 between the plate 24 and the 
disk 18 and retain the various parts in position for steady state 
operation. 
It will be apparent from the foregoing that the embodiment of the invention 
here shown and described provides a new and improved anti-skid device for 
vehicles and accordingly accomplishes the objects of the invention. On the 
other hand, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the 
illustrated embodiment may be variously changed and modified or features 
thereof, singly or collectively embodied in other combinations than that 
illustrated without departing from the spirit of the invention or 
sacrificing all the advantages thereof, and that accordingly the 
disclosures herein are illustrative only and the invention is not limited 
thereto.