Rotary head type reproducing apparatus

In an apparatus of the kind arranged to reproduce, with a plurality of rotary heads, an information signal from a record bearing medium having many recording tracks which are parallel to each other with the information signal recorded therein and with a plurality of different pilot signals of different frequencies also recorded one by one, one in each of the recording tracks, a plurality of different reference signals of different frequencies are simultaneously generated. A tracking error is detected by using the different reference signals together with the pilot signals which are included in signals reproduced from the plurality of rotary heads.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to a rotary head type reproducing apparatus and more 
particularly to an apparatus arranged to reproduce, with a plurality of 
rotary heads, an information signal from a record bearing medium which has 
many recording tracks parallel with the information signal recorded 
therein and with a plurality of different pilot signals of different 
frequencies also recorded one by one, in each of the recording tracks. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
The rotary head type recording apparatus of the above stated kind include 
magnetic video recording reproducing apparatus (hereinafter will be called 
VTR's) which are arranged to perform a reproducing operation by menas of 
two rotating heads forming oblique recording tracks on a magnetic 
recording tape, one after another. In this specification, the above stated 
apparatus will be described by way of example using the VTR. 
In carrying out reproduction of a desired record bearing medium moving 
speed which differs from a speed used for recording (called special 
reproduction) such as high speed reproduction, low speed reproduction 
(including still picture reproduction), reverse reproduction, etc. with a 
rotary head type reproducing apparatus such as a VTR, the reproducing 
heads must accurately trace one recording track in each scanning field in 
order to prevent the occurrence of noise bars in order to obtain a 
reproduced picture which is sharp and stable. In one known method for 
meeting this requirement, a pattern signal generator is arranged to 
generate a pattern signal corresponding to a distance from the scanning 
locus of the reproducing head obtained at a desired tape travel speed to a 
recording track on the tape. The pattern signal obtained from the pattern 
signal generator controls some head shifting means such as a 
piezo-electric conversion element (for example, a bimorph element) which 
is arranged to shift the reproducing head in a direction perpendicularly 
crossing the rotation plane thereof. 
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the conventional VTR of this kind and, 
particularly, showing the arrangement of parts thereof essentially related 
to the present invention. In FIG. 1, a magnetic tape 1 is employed as a 
record bearing medium. Reproducing magnetic heads 2A and 2B have the same 
azimuth angle and are opposed to each other at 180 degrees. These heads 2A 
and 2B are mounted on the free ends of piezoelectric conversion elements 
3A and 3B, such as bimorph elements operating as shifting means, 
respectively. The tail ends of the conversion elements 3A and 3B are 
attached to a rotating member 4. The rotating member 4 is arranged to be 
rotated by a head rotating motor 5 in the direction of an arrow as shown 
in the drawing. Although it is not shown in the drawing, the heads 2A and 
2B are arranged to be rotated while protruding from a slit provided 
between a pair of tape guide drums in a known manner. Furthermore, the 
tape 1 is obliquely lapped more than 180 degrees around this pair of 
drums. A rotation phase detector 6 is arranged to detect the rotation 
phase of the heads 2A and 2B and to produce a signal which is used as on a 
head switching signal (hereinafter referred to as HSW signal). The HSW 
signal is supplied to a head motor control circuit 7. The head motor 
control circuit 7 is arranged to control the head rotating motor 5 via a 
head motor driving circuit 8 on the basis of the output of the detector 6 
in such a way as to rotate the heads 2A and 2B at a predetermined rotation 
phase and at a predetermined rotational frequency. A control signal 
reproducing head 9 (hereinafter referred to as the CTL head) is arranged 
to reproduce a control signal (CTL signal) which is recorded on the lower 
part of the tape 1 at intervals, each corresponding to one frame portion 
of the signal to be reproduced, in the longitudinal direction of the tape 
1. A capstan 10 is arranged to form tape moving means for moving the tape 
1 in the longitudinal direction thereof in conjunction with a pinch roller 
which is not shown. A capstan motor 11 is arranged to rotate the capstan 
10. A frequency signal generator 12 is arranged to generate a frequency 
signal (hereinafter referred to as the capstan FG signal) which is 
representative of the rotation of the capstan 10. A capstan motor control 
circuit 13 is arranged to control, via a capstan motor driving circuit 14, 
the capstan motor 11 on the basis of the CTL signal from the CTL head 9 
and the capstan FG signal from the frequency signal generator 12 in such a 
way as to rotate the capstan 10 at a predetermined phase and at a 
predetermined rotational frequency. A pattern signal generating circuit 15 
is arranged to generate a pattern signal on the basis of the HSW signal 
from the rotation phase detector 6, the CTL signal from the CTL head 9 and 
the capstan FG signal from the frequency signal generator 12. The pattern 
signal is supplied to the piezoelectric conversion elements 3A and 3B for 
causing the heads 2A and 2B to trace one and the same recording track on 
the tape 1 in each scanning field in case where reproduction is performed 
at each of arbitrary varied speeds including still picture reproduction 
and reverse rotation reproduction among others. A conversion element 
driving circuit 16 is arranged to drive the conversion elements 3A and 3B 
based on the pattern signal from the pattern signal generating circuit 15. 
FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, the details of the above pattern signal 
generating circuit 15. The circuit 15 is provided with input terminals 17, 
18 and 19 which are arranged to receive the capstan FG signal from the 
frequency signal generator 12, the CTL signal from the CTL head 9 and the 
HSW signal from the rotation phase detector 6, respectively. A binary 
counter 20 is arranged to count the capstan FG signal which is supplied to 
the terminal 17 which is reset by the CTL signal which is supplied to the 
terminal 18. A timing signal generating circuit 21 is arranged to generate 
a timing signal on the basis of and in synchronization with the HSW signal 
supplied to the terminal 19. A presettable binary counter 22 is arranged 
to be preset by the timing signal from the timing signal generating 
circuit 21 with the output of the counter 20 used as a presetting data PD 
and to count the capstan FG signal supplied to the terminal 17. A 
digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 23 is arranged to D/A convert the output 
of the presettable counter 22. A still pattern generator 24 is arranged to 
generate a still picture reproducing fixed pattern signal on the basis of 
the timing signal coming from the timing signal generating circuit 21. An 
adder 25 is arranged to add together the output of the D/A converter 23 
and that of the still pattern generator 24. An output terminal 26 is 
arranged to produce a conversion element controlling pattern signal which 
is the output of the adder 25. 
The special reproducing operation of the VTR which is arranged as mentioned 
above and, particularly, the operation of the pattern signal generating 
circuit 15 of FIG. 2 is described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4(A) and 4(B) 
in the following: In FIG. 3, parts (d)-(g) show the CTL signal, the output 
of the counter 20 of FIG. 2, the output of the presettable counter 22 or 
the D/A converter 23 of FIG. 2 and the output of the adder 25 of FIG. 2, 
respectively, obtained at the time of reproduction performed at a speed 
increased 1.5 times. FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B) show the scanning center loci of 
the heads 2A and 2B relative to the center loci of recording tracks on the 
tape 1 obtained during still picture reproduction and during the 1.5 times 
increased speed reproduction, respectively. 
With the heads 2A and 2B rotated by the head motor 5, the rotation phase 
detector 6 produces the HSW signal as shown at a part (a) of FIG. 3. Then, 
the timing signal generating circuit 21 of the pattern signal generating 
circuit 15 shown in FIG. 2 produces a timing signal which is synchronized 
with the rise and fall of the HSW signal as shown at a part (b) of FIG. 3. 
In accordance with this timing signal, the still pattern generator 24 
produces a still pattern signal for causing the heads 2A and 2B to be 
continuously shifted from 0 to -1 track pitch (hereinafter referred to as 
TP) within a scanning range for one field. 
In carrying out a so-called field still reproducing operation in which one 
field signal recorded in one recording track with a recording head having 
the same azimuth angle as the reproducing heads 2A and 2B is reproduced 
alternately by means of the two heads 2A and 2B, the relation of the 
scanning center loci of the heads 2A and 2B to the recording track on the 
tape 1 becomes as shown in FIG. 4(A). Referring to FIG. 4(A), full lines 
represent the center loci of the recording tracks of the field signal 
recorded by the recording head having the same azimuth angle as the 
reproducing heads 2A and 2B. Broken lines represent the center loci of 
recording tracks of a field signal recorded by a recording head having an 
azimuth angle which differs from that of the heads 2A and 2B. An outline 
arrow represents the scanning center loci of the heads 2A and 2B. 
Reference symbol CTL denotes the recording loci of the CTL signal. FIG. 
4(B) is also drawn the same manner. As shown in FIG. 4(A), a scanning 
center loci "c" of the heads 2A and 2B (hereinafter referred to as the 
head locus "c") become a line segment diagonally connecting the beginning 
end of a center locus "a" of the track to be reproduced (hereinafter 
referred to as the track locus "a") to the terminating end of an adjacent 
track locus "b" on the left side of the track locus "a". To correct this 
deviation and to adjust the head locus "c" to the track locus "a", the 
heads 2A and 2B are continuously shifted from 0 to 1 TP within one field 
scanning range in a direction reverse to the direction in which the tape 1 
travels during recording. In other words, assuming that the tape 1 travels 
in the direction of "+" during recording, the heads 2A and 2B are shifted 
in the direction of "-". 
It will be understood from the above description that the still pattern 
signal, which is produced from the still pattern generator 24 as shown at 
the part (c) in FIG. 3, is capable of satisfying the requirement in 
shifting the heads 2A and 2B for the field still reproduction. 
Meanwhile, the capstan FG signal produced from the frequency signal 
generator 12 with the capstan 10 rotated by the capstan motor 11 is 
supplied to the counters 20 and 22, which are included in the pattern 
signal generating circuit 15 of FIG. 2. These counters 20 and 22 count the 
capstan FG signal. However, since the counter 20 is reset by the CTL 
signal of the CTL head 9 for every one-frame portion, the upper limit of 
the counted value of the counter 20 is set at a value corresponding to +2 
track pitches. In the event of the 1.5 times increased speed reproduction, 
since the CTL signal becomes as shown at a part (d) of FIG. 3, the output 
of the counter 20 becomes as shown at a part (e) of FIG. 3. The 
presettable counter 22 counts the capstan FG signal while being preset by 
the timing signal from the timing signal generating circuit 21 (a) part 
(b) of FIG. 3) at the output value of the counter 20 obtained at that 
time. Therefore, the count output of the counter 22 or the output of the 
D/A converter 23 becomes as shown at a part (f) of FIG. 3 during the 1.5 
times increased speed reproduction. Accordingly, the adder 25 adds up the 
output of the D/A converter 23 obtained at that time and the output of the 
still pattern generator 24 and produces a pattern signal as shown at a 
part (g) of FIG. 3 during the 1.5 times increased speed reproduction. 
Since the counters 20 and 22 are arranged to count the capstan FG signal, 
the outputs of these counters 20, 22 and the adder 25 include small 
stepwise variations therein. However, such variations are omitted in the 
drawing for simplification of illustration. 
In the event of 1.5 times increased speed reproduction, the head locus in 
relation to the track locus on the tape 1 becomes as shown in FIG. 4(B). 
Referring to FIG. 4(B), reference symbols A1, A2, A3, --- denote head loci 
of the head 2A; B1, B2, B3, --- denote head loci of the head 2B; and a1, 
a2, a3, --- denote track loci of the field tracks recorded by a recording 
head having the same azimuth angle as the heads 2A and 2B. For the first 
field, the head 2A must be continuously shifted to an extent corresponding 
to a distance from 0 to +0.5 TP within the first field scanning range in 
order to adjust the head locus A1 to the track locus a1. For the second 
field, the head 2B must be continuously shifted to an extent corresponding 
to a distance from +1.5 TP to +2 TP within the second field scanning range 
in order to adjust the head locus B1 to the same track locus a1. In the 
third field, the head 2A must be continuously shifted to an extent 
corresponding to a distance from +1 TP to +1.5 TP within the third field 
scanning range in order to adjust the head locus A2 to the track locus a2. 
In the fourth field, the head 2B must be continuously shifted to an extent 
corresponding to a distance from +0.5 TP to +1 TP within the fourth field 
scanning range in order to adjust the head locus B2 to the track locus a3. 
After that, the above-stated adjustment steps are repeated in a cycle for 
every four field periods. The pattern signal which is shown at the part 
(g) in FIG. 3 is appropriate for shifting the heads 2A and 2B in the 
above-stated manner. 
While the 1.5 times increased speed reproducing operation is described by 
way of example in the foregoing, the pattern signal generating circuit 15 
is capable of giving other pattern signals required in controlling the 
heads 2A and 2B for other reproducing operations to be carried out at 
desired speeds other than the speed increased 1.5 times. 
The pattern signal which is thus obtained from the pattern signal 
generating circuit 15 is supplied to the conversion element driving 
circuit 16. Then, the driving circuit 16 drives the piezoelectric 
conversion elements 3A and 3B to bring the heads 2A and 2B to an 
applicable reproducing track on the basis of the above-stated pattern 
signal and the HSW signal from the rotation phase detector 6. 
On the other hand, a high density recording tendency of VTR's of recent 
years calls for tracing the recording tracks with fidelity. To meet this 
requirement many varied tracking methods have been contrived for 
accurately correcting the deviation of a reproducing head from the 
recording tracks (hereinafter referred to as a tracking error). In one of 
the prior art tracking methods, four pilot signals of different 
frequencies are superimposed on one-field portions of a video signal one 
after another during recording. Then, during reproduction, the pilot 
signals are reproduced from a reproducing track which is mainly traced by 
a head (hereinafter referred to as the main track) and also from adjacent 
tracks located on both sides of the main track. Tracking is thus carried 
out utilizing the pilot signals thus reproduced. In accordance with this 
method, the tracking error is detected by comparing the levels of the 
pilot signal components reproduced from the two adjacent tracks. 
FIG. 5 shows a situation in which the magnetic tape 1 is arranged to have 
four kinds of pilot signals recorded thereon. The illustration includes a 
travelling direction X of the magnetic tape 1; a tracing direction Y of 
the heads; frequencies f1, f2, f3 and f4 of-the pilot signals; and 
recording positions of two heads Ar and Br which are indicated by broken 
lines. As is well known, the two heads Ar, Br rotate at a phase difference 
of 180 degrees and alternately form recording tracks. One field portion of 
the video signal is recorded in an area a1 of each track. Each track 
includes another area a2. While one head Ar or Br forms the track area a1, 
the other head Ar or Br forms the area a2. The area a2 is formed more or 
less by VTR's in general. During the recent years, there have been 
proposed VTR's of the kind arranged to record a digital audio signal by 
increasing the area a2. 
The pilot signal to be recorded in the area a2 of one recording track is 
identical with the pilot signal which has been recorded in the area a1 of 
another recording track formed immediately before the track. This is 
because the pilot signals generated during recording are switched over 
from one to another at every one field period and are supplied to both of 
the heads Ar, Br. In other words, while one of the heads Ar or Br is 
tracing the area a2 the other head Ar or Br is tracing the area a1 which 
is formed immediately before. Reference symbols Ap and Bp denote the 
positions of the two heads Ar, Br obtained during a normal reproducing 
operation. 
The technical background mentioned above involves various problems. In the 
event of the special reproduction to be carried out with the above stated 
head shifting means, the tracking control with the above stated pilot 
signals presents a problem: With the head shifting means controlled in the 
manner as has been described with reference to FIGS. 1-4, the pilot signal 
which is recorded in the area a2 is not used in forming the pattern 
signal. Accordingly, no tracking is actually performed until the head Ar, 
Br reaches the area a1. Thus, any information signal that is recorded in 
the area a2 cannot be reproduced. 
Furthermore, the pattern signal which is formed as shown at the part (g) of 
FIG. 3 would have a large change in the level every time the heads Ar, Br 
are switched over from one to another. Therefore, the piezo-electric 
conversion element A3, B3 would bring about a ringing phenomenon 
immediately after the switch-over of the heads Ar, Br. Then, the heads Ar, 
Br become incapable of accurately tracing the recording tracks. 
Furthermore, in the case of special reproduction, the pilot signal recorded 
in the area a2 can hardly be reflected on the tracking control including 
the formation of a pattern signal. In this case, not all of the recording 
tracks are reproduced one after another in the same order as the order in 
which they are recorded. Therefore, when one head Ar or Br is tracing the 
area a1 and the other head Ar or Br the area a2, the pilot signals 
recorded in the main tracks being mainly traced by these heads Ar, Br 
differ from each other. The pilot signals recorded in two adjacent 
recording tracks naturally differ from each other. Therefore, when the 
tracking error of the head Ar or Br in the area a1 is detected, it has 
been hardly possible to detect the tracking error of the other head Ar or 
Br which is in the area a2. Tracking becomes inaccurate immediately after 
one of the heads Ar, Br enters the area a1 and thus degrades the 
reproduced signal of that part. 
Furthermore, such a tracking error that arises in special or varied speed 
reproduction makes it difficult to select a main track. Then, it becomes 
difficult to discern the kind of pilot signal of the main track. Tracking 
control by means of pilot signals thus becomes difficult. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
This invention is directed to the solution of the above stated problems of 
the prior art apparatus. It is therefore a general object of this 
invention to provide a rotary head type reproducing apparatus which is 
capable of solving all the problems mentioned above. 
It is a more specific object of this invention to provide a rotary head 
type reproducing apparatus which is capable of performing a tracking 
operation while reproducing heads 2A, 2B are tracing any parts on the 
tape. 
It is another object of the invention to provide a rotary head type 
reproducing apparatus which is capable of using every pilot signal 
recorded in any part on the tape for forming a pattern signal for head 
shifting means. 
To attain the first object, the rotary head type reproducing apparatus is 
arranged in a preferred embodiment of the invention to reproduce, with a 
plurality of rotary heads, an information signal from a record bearing 
medium having many recording tracks which are formed in parallel to each 
other with the information signal recorded therein and also with a 
plurality of different pilot signals of different frequencies also 
recorded one by one in each of the recording tracks comprises: reference 
signal generating means for simultaneously generating a plurality of 
different reference signals of different frequencies; a plurality of 
separating means which separate the pilot signal components included in 
the reproduced signals produced from the plurality of heads individually 
for each of the heads; and a plurality of detecting means for detecting 
the tracking errors of the heads by using the reference signals and 
signals produced from the plurality of separating means. 
It is a further object of the invention to provide a rotary head type 
reproducing apparatus which is capable of always performing an adequate 
tracking operation when the heads thereof reach a part where a desired 
information signal is recorded. 
It is a further object of the invention to provide a rotary head type 
reproducing apparatus which is capable of generating such a pattern signal 
that never brings about any ringing phenomenon at the head shifting means. 
To attain the second object, a rotary head type reproducing apparatus 
arranged as a preferred embodiment of the invention to reproduce, with a 
rotary head, an information signal from a record bearing medium having 
many recording tracks which are formed in parallel to each other with the 
information signal recorded therein comprises: moving means for moving the 
record bearing medium in a direction intersecting the many recording 
tracks; shifting means for shifting the rotary head in a direction which 
intersects the many recording tracks; first data generating means for 
generating, on the basis of the record bearing medium moving action of the 
moving means, a first data indicative of a positional relation between the 
rotation plane of the rotary head and one of many recording tracks 
relative to a predetermined rotation phase; second data generating means 
for generating a second data which is continuously indicative of 
positional relation between the rotation plane of the rotary head and one 
of many recording tracks by adding information on a difference in 
inclination between the rotation plane and the many recording tracks to 
the first data which is generated at a predetermined timing point; 
inhibiting means for inhibiting the second data generating means from 
adding the information on the difference in inclination at least for a 
portion of a period of time during which the rotary head is not 
reproducing the information signal; and driving means for driving the 
shifting means based on the second data. 
It is a still further object of this invention to provide a rotary head 
type reproducing apparatus which is capable of selecting a recording track 
which is most suited as a track to be mainly traced and is capable of 
accurately discerning the kind of a pilot signal recorded in the main 
track selected. 
To attain the third object, a rotary head type reproducing apparatus 
arranged as a preferred embodiment of the invention to reproduce, with a 
rotary head, an information signal from a record bearing medium having 
many recording tracks which are formed in parallel to each other with the 
information signal recorded therein and with a plurality of different 
pilot signals of different frequencies also recorded one by one together 
with the information signal comprises: reference signal generating means 
for selectively generating one of a plurality of different reference 
signals having different frequencies; separating means for separating, 
from a reproduced signal produced by the rotary head, the components 
thereof which represent the pilot signals; moving means for moving the 
record bearing medium in a direction intersecting the many recording 
tracks; pulse signal generating means for generating a pluse signal 
relative to the moving operation of the moving means; first control means 
arranged to form a control signal for controlling the moving means by 
using the reference signal generated by the reference signal generating 
means and a signal produced from the separating means; and second control 
means arranged to control the selecting operation of the reference signal 
generating means by using the control signal and the pulse signal. 
These and further objects and features of the invention will become 
apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments 
thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the essential parts of 
a VTR in arranged as an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, 
the magnetic tape 1 is employed as a record bearing medium. The 
reproducing magnetic heads 2A and 2B have the same azimuth angle and are 
opposed to each other at 180 degrees. These heads 2A and 2B are mounted on 
the free ends of the piezolectric conversion elements 3A and 3B such as 
bimorph elements operating as shifting means, respectively. The tail ends 
of the conversion elements 3A and 3B are attached to the rotating member 
4. The rotating member 4 is arranged to be rotated by the head rotating 
motor 5 in the direction of an arrow as shown in the drawing. Although it 
is not shown in the drawing, the heads 2A and 2B are arranged to be 
rotated while protruding from a slit provided between a pair of tape guide 
drums in a known manner. Furthermore, the tape 1 is obliquely lapped more 
than 180 degrees around this pair of drums. The rotation phase detector 6 
is arranged to detect the rotation phase of the heads 2A and 2B and to 
produce a signal which is used as a head switching signal (hereinafter 
referred to as the HSW signal). The HSW signal is supplied to the head 
motor control circuit 7. The head motor control circuit 7 is arranged to 
control the head rotating motor 5 via the head motor driving circuit 8 on 
the basis of the output of the detector 6 in such a way as to rotate the 
heads 2A and 2B at a predetermined rotation phase and at a predetermined 
rotational frequency. The capstan 10 is arranged to form tape moving means 
for moving the tape 1 in the longitudinal direction thereof in conjunction 
with a pinch roller which is not shown. The capstan motor 11 is arranged 
to rotate the capstan 10. The frequency signal generator 12 is arranged to 
generate a frequency signal (hereinafter referred to as the capstan FG 
signal) which is representative of the rotation of the capstan 10. The 
capstan motor control circuit 13 is arranged to control, via the capstan 
motor driving circuit 14, the capstan motor 11 on the basis of a tracking 
control signal from a tracking signal generating circuit to be described 
later and the capstan FG signal from the frequency signal generator 12 in 
such a way as to have the capstan 10 rotated at a predetermined phase and 
at a predetermined rotational frequency. 
As mentioned above, a reproduced signal obtained from the reproducing heads 
2A and 2B includes a video signal and the pilot signals which are to be 
used for tracking. The reproduced signal is amplified by a reproduction 
amplifier 51 and is formed into a continuous signal by means of the HSW 
signal. The continuous signal is supplied to a video signal reproduction 
processing circuit 52 and a tracking signal generating circuit 53. The 
video signal reproduction processing circuit 52 is arranged to separate 
the video signal from the output of the reproduction amplifier 51 and to 
process it through demodulation, etc. into its original signal form. The 
reproduced video signal which is thus processed is supplied to an output 
terminal 50. Meanwhile, at the tracking signal generating circuit 53, the 
pilot signal component is separated from the output of the reproduction 
amplifier 51 as described later in detail. Then, the levels of pilot 
signals obtained from the two adjacent tracks are compared with each other 
and a tracking control signal is obtained by detecting the tracking error 
of each of the heads 2A and 2B. 
A system control circuit 54 is arranged to control the operations of 
various components of the apparatus according to the operating mode of the 
apparatus. The head motor control circuit 7, the capstan motor control 
circuit 13, the tracking signal generating circuit 53, a pattern signal 
generating circuit 56 which will be described later, etc. operate 
differently during reproduction than they do during recording, and their 
operations also vary with the designated travelling speed of the tape 1. 
The system control circuit 54, therefore, produces a control signal which 
makes each of them operate in a manner suited for the operating mode of 
the apparatus. 
A conversion element control circuit 55 includes the pattern signal 
generating circuit 56, a low-pass filter (LPF for short) 57, a subtraction 
circuit 58, a DC component removing circuit 59 and a conversion element 
driving circuit 60. The above-stated piezoelectric conversion elements 3A 
and 3B are driven by the output of the conversion element control circuit 
60 to cause the reproducing heads 2A and 2B to accurately trace one and 
the same recording track in each scanning field. 
Explanation of the pattern signal generating circuit 
FIG. 7 shows the details of the above-stated conversion element control 
circuit 55. The circuit 55 drives these conversion elements 3A and 3B by 
generating the conversion element controlling pattern signal as described 
below with reference to FIG. 7. 
The pattern signal generating circuit 56 mainly includes a counter P 101, a 
counter A 102 and a counter B 103. Each of these counter P 101, A 102, B 
103 is arranged to have up- and down-count inputs in parallel and is 
provided with a down-count input terminal CD and an up-count input 
terminal CU. In this specific embodiment, these counters 101P, 102A and 
103B are binary counters. 
In order to obtain a fixed pattern signal which in necessary for the 
noiseless special reproducing operation mentioned in the foregoing, the 
signal must include at least phase information required for accurately 
adjusting the thrusting position of the reproducing head 2A, 2B to the 
reproducing track which varies with the travel of the tape 1, and speed 
information required for bringing the tracing locus of the reproducing 
head 2A, 2B corresponding to the travelling speed of the tape 1, into 
agreement with the gradient of the reproducing track. In the pattern 
signal generating circuit 56 shown in FIG. 7, the above-stated phase 
information is obtained by means of the counter P 101 and the speed 
information by means of the counter A 102 and the counter B 103. 
In obtaining the phase information, the counter P 101 operates as follows: 
The counter P 101 carries up the count thereof when it counts up a number 
(2n) two times as many as a number (n) of the pulses of the capstan FG 
signal which are produced when the tape 1, moves to an extent of 2 TP's, 
and the counter p 101 produces a carry signal from a teminal CR thereof. 
Then, the carry signal is supplied to a reset terminal R of the coutner P 
101 to have the counter P 101 reset thereby. The counter P 101 carries 
down the count thereof when it likewise counts down 2n times and then 
produces a borrow signal. This borrow signal is supplied to a preset 
terminal PR of the counter P 101 to preset the counter P 101 at a preset 
data which is generated by a preset data generator 104 and corresponds to 
2n. Assuming that the number (n) of pulses of the capstan FG signal 
generated when the tape 1, moves to the extent of 2 TP's is 24, for 
example, the counter P 101 repeatedly counts up from 0 to 48. In the event 
of down counting, it repeatedly counts down from 48 to 0. 
The pattern signal generating circuit 56 is provided with an input terminal 
209 which is arranged to receive the capstan FG signal; a frequency 
stepwise doubler 111 which is arranged to generate pulses at the rise and 
fall of the capstan FG signal; a pulse generator B 112 which is arranged 
to narrow the width of the pulses produced from the frequency stepwise 
doubler 111; and a terminal 208 which is arranged to receive a high level 
signal from the system control circuit 54 when the tape 1 is travelling in 
the forward or positive direction (or in the same direction as the 
direction taken in recording) and a low level signal when the tape 1 is 
travelling in the negative direction (or the direction reverse to the 
recording direction). Hereinafter, these high and low level signals will 
be called the F/R signal. The F/R signal is arranged to be supplied to an 
AND gate 115 via an AND gate 114 and an inverter 116. Therefore, the 
output pulses of the pulse generator B 112 are supplied to the terminal CD 
of the counter P 101 via the AND gate 114 and an OR gate 138 when the tape 
1 is travelling in the positive direction and is supplied to the terminal 
CU of the counter P 101 via the AND gate 115 and an OR gate 137 when the 
tape 1 is travelling in the negative direction. 
With the pattern signal generating circuit 56 arranged in this manner, the 
output data of the counter P 101 always indicates relative positional 
discrepancy (relative phase information) between a track to be reproduced 
on the travelling tape 1 (which is formed by a recording head having the 
same azimuth angle as the heads 2A and 2B) and the thrusting position of 
the reproducing head 2A, 2B. Therefore, the thrusting position of each 
reproducing head 2A, 2B is controllable by virture of this output data. 
However, since this phase information is nothing more than information on 
a relative phase, the information is usable only in cases where the just 
preceding thrusting postion of the reproducing head 2A, 2B coincides with 
the reproducing track. In the case of this embodiment, therefore, while 
the above-state relative phase information is generated by the counter P 
101 beforehand, the thrusting position of the reproducing head 2A, 2B is 
arranged to be adjusted to the reproducing track. This function is 
performed by a thrusting position control circuit 123 shown in FIG. 7. 
This circuit 123 is arranged to generate absolute phase adjusting pulses 
and to control the reproducing head 2A, 2B by means of the adjusting 
pulses in the direction of bringing the thrusting position of the 
reproducing head 1A, 2B into agreement with the reproducing track even 
when they are not coinciding with each other. This thrusting phase control 
circuit 123 will be described in further detail later, after the 
description of the whole pattern signal generating circuit 56 ends. 
The pulse signal to be up counted or down counted by the counter P 101 is 
obtained by doubling the capstan FG signal in a stepwise manner. This 
arrangement is made for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of the 
above-stated phase information. In other words, this arrangement 
effectively prevents the phase information from becoming coarse due to 
reduction in the pulse generating number of the capstan FG signal relative 
to TP as a result of a high density recording tendency. 
Although it will become apparent from further description given later on, 
the pulse width is narrowed by the pulse generating circuit B 112, 
because: Each of the counters P 101, A 102, B 103 might sometimes up or 
down count a plurality of pulse signals and is arranged to be capable of 
performing operations equivalent to addition and subtraction therein. In 
other words, the pulse generating circuit B 112 is provided for the 
purpose of preventing, when a plurality of pulse signals are concurrently 
supplied, a counting operation on one of them. A pulse generating circuit 
A 131 and a pulse generating circuit C 113 are also provided for the same 
purpose and will be omitted from the following description: 
As described in the foregoing, the counter P 101 down counts the pulses 
related to the capstan FG signal when the tape 1 is travelling in the 
normal direction and to up count them when the tape 1 is travelling in the 
reverse direction. Such being the arrangement, the counter P 101 is 
capable of producing the relative phase information on the thrust position 
of the reproducing head 2A, 2B the instant the head 2A, 2B is thrusted 
forward to the reproducing track regardless of the travelling direction of 
the tape 1. For example, in the case of slow motion reproduction which is 
performed by allowing the tape 1 to travel in the forward direction at a 
speed 1/3 of the recording speed (hereinafter referred to as forward 1/3 
slow speed reproduction) and in the case of slow motion reproduction which 
is performed by allowing the tape 1 to travel in the reverse direction at 
a speed 1/3 of the recording speed (hereinafter referred to as reverse 1/3 
slow speed reproduction), the counter P 101 operates as follows: The 
output of the counter P 101 repeats 48.fwdarw.0 for every field scanning 
period in the forward 1/3 slow speed reproduction and repeats 0.fwdarw.48 
for every 6 field scanning periods in the case of the reverse 1/3 slow 
speed reproduction. Assuming that the shifting extent of the conversion 
element 3A, 3B is zero, if the output of the counter P 101 is 16 when the 
head 2A, 2B is thrust forward, for example, the thrusting position of the 
reproducing head 2A, 2B relative to the reproducing track deviates to an 
extent corresponding to 2/3 TP in the negative direction in either the 
forward 1/3 slow speed reproduction or the reverse 1/3 slow speed 
reproduction. 
The number of bits required for the counter P 101, in the case of a binary 
counter, must be arranged to be a sufficient number for indicating in the 
binary system the value 2n (48 in this embodiment) and is 6 bits in this 
case. 
The data which is thus obtained by the counter P 101 is read out at a 
predetermined timing as the rotating head rotates to obtain thereby 
information on the thrusting phase of the reproducing head 2A, 2B relative 
to the track to be reproduced. 
Next, the counter A 102 and the counter B 103, which operate by using the 
above-stated information, operate as follows: These counters A 102 and B 
103 are arranged to produce fixed pattern signals including the 
above-stated phase information and speed information. In addition to the 
phase information obtained from the counter P 101, the counters A 102 and 
B 103 generate the speed information which is to be used for correcting a 
difference in inclination which takes place between the track to be 
reproduced and the tracing locus of the reproducing head 2A, 2B when the 
tape 1 is allowed to travel at a speed differing from the recording speed 
while the reproducing heads 2A and 2B are scanning the tape 1. As for the 
number of bits required for the counter A 102 and the counter B 103, each 
of them is arranged to have 10 bits in this specific embodiment. However, 
the number of bits should be determined according to the shifting degree 
of the conversion element 3A, 3B, that is, based on a desired maximum tape 
speed at which high speed search reproduction is to be carried out. 
Each of the counters A 102 and B 103 is loaded with the output data of the 
counter P 101 as a lower 6 bit data at a predetermined timing related to 
the rotation of the heads 2A and 2B. This loading timing is determined by 
a signal which is obtained according to the HSW signal. The load signal 
(PUL-A) of the counter A 102 is supplied from a terminal 302 and the load 
signal (PUL-B) of the counter B 103 from a terminal 204. The inputs PUL-A 
and PUL-B are applied respectively to the preset terminals PR of the 
counters A 102 and B 103. Where the heads 2A and 2B are rotating with 
their phases deviating 180 degrees from each other, the inputs PUL-A and 
PUL-B are, of course, supplied at phases differing 180 degrees from each 
other. 
With the inputs PUL-A and PUL-B respectively supplied to the terminals PR, 
each of the counters A 102 and B 103 is loaded with an initial data of 
lower 6 bits. As mentioned in the foregoing, the output data of the 
counter P 101 is used as the initial data of lower 6 bits. Meanwhile, 
higher 4 bits of these counters P 101, A 102, B 103 are generated by a 
preset data generating circuit 105. In the case of this embodiment, the 
data to be supplied from the circuit 105 is 1000. This data is used for 
the purpose of having the output data of each of the counters A 102 and B 
103 at a level close to the 0 level when the output data is D/A converted 
as a so-called offset binary data. More specifically, in this case, the 
initial data to be loaded is from 1000000000 to 1000110000 and thus the 
initial data comes close to 0. This is preferable because not much DC 
component will be generated, which will be described later herein. With 
the output data of the preset data generating circuit 105 based on the 
concept of avoiding the generation of the DC component, it is more 
preferable to have the output data changed in accordance with the 
travelling speed of the tape 1 designated. For example, in the event of 
allowing the tape 1 to travel in the forward direction at a speed 
increased by ten times, the preset data generating circuit 105 produces a 
data of 1011. If the tape 1 is allowed to travel in the reverse direction 
at a speed increased six times, the circuit 105 produces a data of 0101. 
With the counter A 102 and the counter B 103 thus provided with the initial 
data, these counters A 102, B 103 count, in the same manner as the 
above-stated counter P 101, the pulses which are of a narrow pulse width 
and which have a frequency twice as high as the frequency of the capstan 
FG signal produced by the pulse generating crcuit B 112. Furthermore, the 
counter A 102 and the counter B 103 count a clock pulse signal CL which is 
supplied to them from a terminal 210 via a pulse generating circuit C 113 
regardless of the tape 1 travel speed. 
The clock pulses which are produced from the pulse generating circuit C 113 
are constantly led to the terminals CU of these two counters A 102 and B 
103. Meanwhile, pulses which are produced from the pulse generating 
circuit B 112 are arranged to be led to the terminals CD of these counters 
A 102 and B 103 when the tape 1 is travelling in the positive or forward 
direction and to the terminals CU of these counters A 102 and B 103 when 
the tape 1 is travelling in the negative or reverse direction. The reason 
for this arrangement resides in that, as is well known, even at the same 
tape 1 travelling speed, the difference in inclination or gradient between 
the tracing locus of the reproducing head 2A, 2B and the track to be 
reproduced varies according to the travelling direction of the tape 1. For 
example, assuming that the tape 1 travelling speed employed in recording 
is "v" and the tape travelling speed employed in reproduction is Nv (N 
representing a speed in the positive direction when it is of a positive 
value and a speed in the negative direction when it is of a negative 
value), the extent to which the reproducing head 2A, 2B must be shifted 
during one field period is proportional to a value (n-1) times as much as 
the TP. 
The frequency of the pulses produced from the pulse generating circuit B 
112 is proportional to the absolute value of the tape 1 travelling speed. 
Therefore, an inclination proportional to the value N is obtained by 
counting the pulses produced from the pulse generating circuit B 112. The 
pulses are down counted when the tape 1 is travelling in the positive 
direction and are up counted when the tape 1 travels in the negative 
direction to obtain an inclination proportional to the value -N. 
Meanwhile, an inclination necessary for shifting the reproducing head 2A, 
2B to an extent corresponding to 1 TP when one field period is 
proportional to 1. In view of this, an inclination of +1 can be obtained 
by counting a number of pulses corresponding to 1 TP (48 in this 
embodiment) within one field period. A desired inclination which is in 
proportion to (1-N) can be obtained with these operations carried out at 
the same time. 
The frequency of the clock pulses generated by the pulse generating circuit 
C 113 becomes fv.times.48 Hz, wherein "fv" represents a field scanning 
frequency. 
A terminal 206 is arranged to receive a rectangular wave signal PUL-C which 
is for designating a period for counting the above-stated pulses by the 
counter A 102. The signal PUL-C causes AND gates 117 and 119 to perform 
gate operations on the pulses. A terminal 207 is arranged to receive a 
rectangular signal PUL-D which is for designating a period for counting 
the pulses by the counter B 103. The signal PUL-D likewise causes AND 
gates 118 and 120 to perform gate operations on the pulses. An OR gate 121 
is arranged to supply the pulse output of the pulse generating circuit B 
112 and that of the pulse generating circuit C 113 to the counters A 102 
and B 103. 
In the period during which the reproducing heads 2A and 2B trace the 
recording tracks on the tape 1, the counters A 102 and B 103 thus take in 
from the counter P 101 the initial data required for determining the 
thrusting positions of the heads 2A, 2B and count the pulses to obtain 
inclinations proportional to the inclination of the tracing locus of the 
reproducing heads 2A, 2B and that of the recording track. By this 
arrangement, a fixed pattern signal can be generated in the form of a 
digital data to enable each of the reproducing heads 2A, 2B to accurately 
trace a desired recording track while the tape 1 is allowed to travel at 
an arbitrary speed. 
The manner in which the timing signals are generated in this embodiment is 
described in detail as follows with reference to the timing chart of FIG. 
8. Referring to FIG. 8, a part (i) shows the HSW signal and indicates a 
period of time when one field portion of a video signal is being 
reproduced from each recording track by the reproducing head 2A when the 
HSW signal is at a high level and by the other reproducing head 2B when 
the HSW signal is at a low level (i.e., a period of time when the area a1 
shown in FIG. 5 is being traced). When the value fv is 60 Hz, the HSW 
signal is a rectangular wave signal of 30 Hz and is supplied as timing 
pulses of 30 Hz related to the rotation of the head and 30 PG to each of 
the applicable parts of the apparatus. A part (ii) shows the capstan FG 
signal. A part (iii) shows pulses (FGP) generated by the pulse generating 
circuit B 112 in relation to the capstan FG signal. Both the wave forms of 
the parts (ii) and (iii) are obtained in the event of the forward or 
positive 1/3 slow speed reproduction. A part (iv) shows pulses (CLP) which 
are generated by the pulse generating circuit C 113 by narrowing the width 
of the clock pulses (CL) supplied from a terminal 210. A part (v) shows 
timing pulses of 60 Hz (60 PG) which are phase locked with reference to 
the HSW signal. A part (vi) shows the rectangular wave signal (PUL-C) 
supplied to a terminal 206. A part (vii) shows the rectangular wave signal 
(PUL-D) supplied to the terminal 207. A part (viii) shows the pulses 
(PUL-A) supplied to a terminal 202 for the purpose of presetting the 
counter A 102. A part (ix) shows the pulses (PUL-B) supplied to a terminal 
204 for presetting the counter B 103. A part (x) shows sampling pulses 
(PUL-S) supplied to a terminal 205. A part (xi) is an analog 
representation of the data produced from the counter P 101. Another part 
(xii) shows pulses (PUL-E) produced from a terminal 203. 
Since the reproducing head 2A reproduces one field portion of the video 
signal from each recording track during the high level period of the HSW 
signal (i), this period (corresponding to a period when the area a1 is 
being traced) it is theoretically sufficient for an effective period of 
the fixed pattern signal (or a period during which the above-stated phase 
information and the speed information are included in the signal). In 
actuality, however, the piezoelectric conversion element 3A, 3B brings 
about a ringing phenomenon in response to a sudden change in the impressed 
voltage. Furthermore, a tracking control signal must be obtained from the 
area a2 shown in FIG. 5 as described above. In this embodiment, therefore, 
the effective period of the fixed pattern signal, i.e. the period during 
which the counter A 102 can count the output of the pulse generating 
circuit B 112 and that of the pulse generating circuit C 113, is arranged 
to include not only the high level period of the HSW signal but also a 1/2 
field scanning period immediately before that. This effective period is 
obtained as a period during which the pulse signal PUL-C shown in the part 
(vi) is at a high level. This signal PUL-C (vi) can be readily obtained 
from the HSW signal (i) and the 60 PG signal (v) through a logic circuit 
(not shown in the drawing). The PUL-D signal (vii) is also formed as shown 
in FIG. 8 for the same reason. 
The timing at which the counter A 102 and the counter B 103 take in the 
initial data is determined by the pulse signal PUL-A (ix) and the pulse 
signal PUL-B (viii) which are supplied to the terminals PR of these 
counters A 102, B 103. Any timing may be used for that purpose as long as 
it is not included in the effective period of the fixed pattern signal. In 
this specific embodiment, the above-stated timing is arranged to be 
immediately after the effective period of the fixed pattern signal for the 
purpose of avoiding any excessive level change in the fixed pattern signal 
immediately before the effective period thereof, so that the above-stated 
ringing phenomenon can be prevented. The pulse signals PUL-A (ix) and 
PUL-B (viii) can be formed by using the falls of the pulse signals PUL-C 
(vi) and PUL-D (vii). As for the pulse signals PUL-S (x) and PUL-E (xii), 
their details of them will be described later herein. 
The fixed pattern signal obtainable by this embodiment is described in 
further detail with the tape 1 travelling speed set at some specific 
values as follows: FIG. 9 is a timing chart which shows at the parts (vi) 
and (vii) thereof the fixed pattern signals obtained in cases where the 
tape 1 travelling speed is 0 (or in the event of still picture 
reproduction) and where the tape 1 speed is the same as the recording 
speed (or standard reproduction). In FIG. 9, the parts (ii) and (iii) 
respectively show the signals FG and FGP which are obtained during the 
standard reproduction. At the parts (vi) and (vii), the data produced from 
the counter A 102 is shown in an analogous manner. In still picture 
reproduction, the signal FGP is not produced and the signal CLP is alone 
counted by the counters A 102 and B 103. As a result, the output of the 
counter A 102 becomes as shown at the part (vi) of FIG. 9. Furthermore, 
since the data produced from the counter P 101 is always of a constant 
value, the output of the counter B 103 has the same wave form as the wave 
form shown at the part (vi) in FIG. 9 with the phase thereof differing 180 
degrees from the latter. In case of the standard reproduction on the other 
hand, the signals FGP and CLP have the same frequency. The counters A 102 
and B 103 in this instance down count the signal FGP and up count the 
signal CLP within the effective period of the fixed pattern signal. Their 
outputs thus become almost unvarying. In this instance, the output of the 
counter B 103 has a wave form which is obtained by shifting the output 
(vii) of the counter A 102 to an extent corresponding to a level required 
in driving the conversion element 3A, 3B an extent corresponding to 1 TP. 
This is because the point of time at which the counter B 103 takes in the 
output value of the counter P 101 differs from the point of time at which 
the counter A 103 takes it in as much as one field scanning period and 
during that difference period, the counter P 101 further counts the signal 
FGP to an extent corresponding to 1 TP. 
FIGS. 10(A) and 10(B) show the relations of the tracing loci of the 
reproducing heads 2A, 2B to the recording tracks on the tape 1 obtained 
during forward and reverse 1/3 slow speed reproducing operations. FIG. 11 
is a timing chart showing at the part (v) thereof, the fixed pattern 
signal obtained during the forward 1/3 slow speed reproduction. FIG. 12 is 
a timing chart showing at a part (v) thereof the fixed pattern signal 
obtained during the reverse 1/3 slow speed reproduction. 
Referring to FIGS. 10(A) and 10(B), reference symbols A0, A1 and A2 
respectively denote the center lines of recording tracks formed by a 
recording head having the same azimuth angle as that of the reproducing 
heads 2A and 2B. Symbols B0 and B2 denote center lines of recording tracks 
formed by a recording head having an azimuth angle different from that of 
the reproducing heads 2A and 2B. Reference symbols a1-a6 denote the center 
lines of the tracing loci of the head 2A obtained when displacement by the 
conversion element 3A is assumed to be zero. Reference symbols b0-b5 
denote center lines of the tracing loci of the head 2B obtained when 
displacement by the conversion element 3B is assumed to be zero. The arrow 
X identifies the travelling direction of the tape 1. 
The normal of reverse 1/3 slow speed reproduction is performed, as is well 
known, by tracing every other recording track six times. For example, in 
the case of FIG. 10(A), the recording track A1 is traced six times by the 
tracing actions as indicated by the tracing loci b1, a2, b2, a3, b3 and 
a4. As a result of that, fixed patterns A and B (analogous representation 
of the output data of the counters A 102 and B 103) are generated in this 
embodiment as shown at the part (v) of FIG. 11. At the part (v), a symbol 
P denotes an analogous representation of the output data of the counter P 
101. 
Again referring to FIG. 10(A), in adjusting the tracing locus a2 to the 
track A1, for example, the output of the counter P 101 is taken in by the 
counter A 102 at a point of time "u" in FIG. 11. At a point "v", the 
counter A 102 begins to count. The counter A 102 stops counting at another 
point "w" and again takes in the output of the counter P 101 at that 
point. It will be apparent, with reference also to the illustration of 
FIG. 10(A), that a desired fixed pattern signal can be obtained by 
repeating these steps. 
FIG. 12 likewise shows fixed patterns obtainable by the this embodiment as 
indicated by reference symbols A and B at a part (v) of FIG. 12. Another 
symbol P denotes the anlogous representation of the output data of the 
counter P 101. At a point "u", the counter A 102 likewise takes in the 
output data of the counter P 101. The counter A 102 begins to count at a 
point "v" and stops counting at a point "w". The counter A 102 again takes 
in the output of the counter P 101 at the point "w". FIG. 12 in 
conjunction with FIG. 10(B) clearly shows that a desired fixed pattern 
signal is obtainable by the embodiment. 
While the tracing locus of the head can be adjusted to the recording track 
in the manner as described above, the phase information thus obtained is 
nothing more than relative information as mentioned in the foregoing. 
Therefore, to bring the phase information closer to absolute information 
by adjusting the thrusting-in position of the reproducing head to a 
recording track to be reproduced, the embodiment is provided with the 
thrusting-in phase control circuit 123. 
The thrusting-in phase control circuit 123 is arranged as follows: In this 
specific embodiment, a tracking control signal is used for the adjustment 
of the thrusting-in phase. This tracking control signal is supplied from 
the tracking control circuit 53 which is described in the foregoing. This 
embodiment is arranged to perform the above-stated 4 f type tracking 
operation. Therefore, the tracking signal is available from each of the 
reproducing heads 2A and 2B while the reproduced pilot signal is being 
obtained from them. As is apparent from FIGS. 6 and 7, the tracking 
control signals ATF-A and ATF-B which are obtained from the reproducing 
heads 2A and 2B are subtracted from the fixed pattern signals to be used 
for the heads 2A and 2B. This is for the purpose of correcting the 
deviation of the tracing loci of the reproducing heads 2A and 2B which 
takes place from the track when the conversion elements 3A and 3B are 
driven simply by the fixed pattern signals. Therefore, the fixed pattern 
signals are shifted by means of a tracking control signal ATF-A or ATF-B. 
The signal ATF-A, which is supplied to a terminal 201A, is sampled and held 
by a sample-and-hold circuit (S/H) 132 which uses as a sampling pulse the 
timing pulse signal PUL-S arranged to indicate an intermediate timing of 
each scanning field. The timing of the signal PUL-S is as shown in FIG. 8. 
The output of the sample-and-hold circuit 132 is supplied to a voltage 
detection circuit which includes comparators 133 and 134 and resistors Rl, 
R2 and R3. The comparator 133 produces a high level output when the output 
of the circuit 132 is higher than a predetermined voltage E1. The 
comparator 134 produces a high level output when the output of the circuit 
132 is lower than another predetermined voltage E2 which is lower than the 
voltage E1. 
The output of the comparator 133 is supplied to an AND gate 135 and that of 
the comparator 134 to an AND gate 136. The pulses from a pulse generating 
circuit A 131 are gated by these AND gates 135, 136. The pulse generating 
circuit A 131 narrows the pulse width of the above-stated pulse signal 
PUL-A and supplies the narrowed pulses to the AND gates 135 and 136. If 
the signal ATF-A is higher than the value E1 at the timing of the pulse 
signal PUL-S, the AND gate 135 supplies pulses to the terminal CD of the 
counter P 101. If the signal ATF-A is lower than the value E2 at the 
timing of the signal PUL-S, the AND gate 136 supplies pulses to the 
terminal CU of the counter P 101. 
This arrangement is based on the assumption that: The thrusting position of 
the reproducing head 2A is ahead of the track when the signal ATF-A is 
higher than the predetermined voltage E1; is approximately on track when 
the signal ATF-A is between the predetermined voltages E1 and E2; and is 
behind the track when the signal is lower than the voltage E2. More 
specifically, if the thrusting position of the head 2A is ahead of the 
track, the counter P 101 is caused to down count once for every 2 filed 
scanning periods to have the output of the counter P 101 shifted downward. 
Therefore, the fixed pattern signal is also shifted downward to bring the 
thrusting positions of the heads 2A and 2B closer to their on-track 
states. If the thrusting position of the head 2A is behind the track, the 
fixed pattern signal is shifted upward to bring the head 2A closer to the 
on-track state. This is accomplished by counting one cut-in pulse for 
every 2 field scanning periods when the counter P 101 is counting the 
signal FGP. For example, if the thrusting position of the head 2A onto the 
track is deviating by a distance corresponding to 1/2 TP at the initial 
state of reproduction, the deviated thrusting position of the head 2A is 
adjusted to an on-track position by allowing the counter P 101 to count 24 
cut-in pulses. In this instance, the length of time required for the 
adjustment can be expressed as 48.times.1/fv and the on-track state is 
obtainable within one second. Furthermore, in accordance with the 
arrangement of this embodiment, the deviation of the thrusting position of 
the head due to slippage between the capstan and the tape of course can be 
corrected. 
Such being the arrangement of the embodiment, the tracking operation can be 
satisfactorily performed with the head brought to an on-track state by 
shifting the fixed pattern signal even in the event of still picture 
reproduction. It is another advantage of the embodiment that the tape can 
be brought to a stop without any timing arrangement for that purpose, so 
that the control arrangement of the whole apparatus can be simplified. 
The pattern signal generating circuit 56 thus generates via the D/A 
converters 106 and 107 the fixed pattern signals for driving the 
conversion elements 3A and 3B to enable the reproducing heads 2A and 2B to 
trace a desired recording track at a desired tape travelling speed. 
Details of Tracking Signal Generating Circuit 
The signals ATF-A and ATF-B are generated in the following manner: The OR 
gate 151 of FIG. 7 produces a pulse signal when a carry signal or a borrow 
signal is generated at the counter P 101. This means the renewal of the 
reproducing track and, therefore, is supplied to the tracking signal 
generating circuit 53 as a track renewal pulse (PUL-E). The specific 
circuit arrangement of the tracking signal generating circuit 53 is as 
shown in FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 13, a terminal 250 is arranged to 
receive a reproduced signal from the head 2A via the reproduction 
amplifier 51. A terminal 251 is arranged to receive a reproduced signal 
from the head 2B via the reproduction amplifier 51. Band-pass filters 252 
and 253 (hereinafter referred to as BPF's) are arranged to separate pilot 
signal components of the above-stated four different kinds from the 
reproduced signals produced by the heads 2A and 2B. The pilot signal 
components separated by the BPF's 252 and 253 include the pilot signals 
obtained from the main track and two tracks adjacent to the main track. At 
multipliers 254 and 255, the signals separated by the BPF's 252 and 253 
are multiplied by a reference signal which has the same frequency as the 
pilot signal recorded in the main track. 
BPF's 256, 257, 258 and 259 are respectively arranged to extract components 
representing differences of the pilot signals of the two adjacent tracks 
from the pilot signal of the main track. Assuming that there obtain 
relations expressed as (f2-f1)=(f4-f3)=F1 and (f4-f2)=(f3-f1)=F2, the 
BPF's 256 and 258 respectively separate a component F1 while the BPF's 257 
and 259 separate a component F2. The components F1 and F2 have their 
levels detected by detection circuits 260, 262, 261 and 263 respectively. 
A level difference between the components F1 and F2 is detected by 
differential amplifiers 264 and 265. In this instance, the direction of 
the tracks which produce the components F1 and F2 changes from one to the 
other. Therefore, the signals ATF are obtained with the components 
selectively taken out by switches 268 and 269, one through inverting 
amplifiers 266 and 267 and the other not through them. However, since the 
signals thus obtained become meaningless during a period other than a 
period during which the heads are reproducing the pilot signals, only the 
outputs of the switches 268 and 269 that are produced during this period 
are taken out via the gate circuits 270 and 271. The outputs of the gate 
circuits 270 and 271 are produced via terminals 272 and 273 as the 
tracking control signals ATF-A and ATF-B and are supplied to the pattern 
signal generating circuit 56 shown in FIG. 7. 
FIG. 14 is a timing chart showing the wave forms of various parts of FIG. 
13. FIG. 15 shows the positions of the heads on the magnetic tape at the 
time of varied speed reproduction. In the event of varied speed 
reproduction, the tracking control signals ATF are taken out at the 
following timing: The head switching (HSW) signal (i) which is supplied 
via the terminal 274 is arranged such that the head 2A traces the area a1 
when it is at a high level as mentioned in the foregoing. Meanwhile, the 
head 2B traces the area a1 when the HSW signal (ii) which is obtained by 
inverting the HSW signal (i) through the inverter 283 is at a high level. 
In case that the recording head which formed the track having the pilot 
signal f1 recorded in the area a1 thereof is of the same azimuth angle as 
that of the reproducing heads 2A and 2B, the track traced by the 
reproducing heads 2A and 2B during the varied speed reproduction has the 
pilot signal f1 or f4 recorded in the area a1. Therefore, when both the 
heads 2A and 2B are tracing the area a1, a pilot signal recorded in the 
adjacent track immediately before the main track (hereinafter referred to 
as front adjacent track) is obtained as a component F2 included in the 
output of the multiplier. Meanwhile, a pilot signal recorded in another 
adjacent track immediately after the main track (hereinafter referred to 
as a rear adjacent track) is obtained as a component F1. Assuming that 
both the bimorph elements 3A and 3B are to be displaced in the direction 
of arrow Z as shown in FIG. 15 when a positive voltage is applied to these 
bimorph elements, the switches 268 and 269 are arranged to allow the 
outputs of the differential amplifiers 264 and 265 to be produced as they 
are when the heads 2A and 2B are tracing the area a1. 
The switches 268 and 269 are arranged to be connected to their sides H when 
high level inputs are received at their control terminals which are 
indicated by arrows in the drawing. The above-stated HSW signal (i) is 
supplied to the control terminal of the switch 268 while the HSW signal 
(ii) which is obtained by inverting the HSW signal at the inverter 283 is 
supplied to the control terminal of the switch 269. A terminal 278 is 
arranged to receive a signal from a system control circuit 54 shown in 
FIG. 6 at a high level in the event of varied speed reproduction and at a 
low level in the case of normal reproduction or recording. This signal 
from the system control circuit 54 is also supplied to the control 
terminal of the switch 295. By this, the output signal of the inverter 283 
is arranged to be led to the control terminal of the switch 269. 
Monostable multivibrators 284 and 285 are arranged to be triggered by the 
fall edges of their input signals and to be inverted after the lapse of a 
predetermined period of time .tau.2. Assuming that one field period which 
is a length of time required by the head for tracing the area a1 is .tau.0 
while another length of time required by the head for tracing the area a2 
is .tau.1, the above stated period of time 2 can be expressed as 
.tau.2=.tau.0-.tau.1. Therefore, the outputs of the monostable 
multivibrators 284 and 285 which are represented by parts (iii) and (iv) 
of FIG. 14 respectively become high levels while the heads 2A and 2B are 
not tracing the area a1 nor the area a2. In other words, if these outputs 
(iii) and (iv) of the monostable multivibrators 284 and 285 are inverted, 
their levels become high while the heads 2A and 2B are reproducing the 
pilot signal. Therefore, inverters 286 and 287 are arranged to control the 
gate circuits 270 and 271 by inverting the outputs of the monostable 
multivibrators 284 and 285 as shown at parts (v) and (vi) in FIG. 14. 
The tracking control signals ATF-A and ATF-B which are obtained in the 
above-stated manner are supplied to the pattern signal generating circuit 
56 and the subtraction circuit 58 as mentioned in the foregoing. Then, the 
conversion elements 3A and 3B which are bimorph elements or the like are 
controlled by the tracking control signals. Meanwhile, the signals ATF-A 
and ATF-B are utilized also for controlling the capstan motor 11 during 
the travel of the tape. The signals to be supplied to the capstan motor 
control circuit 13 are arranged as follows: 
The tracking control signal ATF-A is supplied to a switch 290 and an 
averaging circuit 288. Another signal AFT-B is supplied to a switch 292 
and the averaging circuit 288. It is well known to control the capstan 
motor with a tracking control signal ATF. In the case of this embodiment, 
however, there are a signal ATF-A which is obtained from the head 2A and 
another signal ATF-B which is obtained from the other head 2B. At some 
point of time, these two signals are concurrently obtained. Therefore, in 
accordance with the arrangement of this embodiment, the signal ATF-A or 
the signal ATF-B is used as it is when they are not concurrently obtained. 
However, they are used in an averaged state when they are concurrently 
obtained. As apparent from the foregoing description, the period during 
which the signal ATF-A is alone obtained is when the output level of the 
monostable multivibrator 285 is high. The period during which the other 
signal ATF-B is alone obtained is when the output level of the monostable 
multivibrator 284 is high. Accordingly, the switch 290 is turned on when 
the output of the monostable multivibrator 285 is at a high level. The 
switch 292 is turned on when the output of the monostable multivibrator 
286 is at a high level. During a period other than these periods, the 
level of the output of a NOR gate 298 becomes high as shown at a part 
(vii) in FIG. 14. During this period, the switch 291 is turned on. In this 
manner, one of the signals ATF-A and ATF-B and the average of them is 
selectively supplied to a low-pass filter (LPF) 293. The output of this 
LPF 293 is supplied to the capstan motor control circuit 13 via a terminal 
294. 
Next, in normal reproduction, the timing at which the tracking control 
signal ATF is taken out is as follows: Let us assume that recording and 
normal reproduction are to be performed by heads HA and HB which have 
different azimuth angles from each other. In this instance, the reproduced 
signals obtained from the heads HA and HB are supplied via the 
reproduction amplifier to the terminals 250 and 251 of FIG. 13 in the same 
manner as in the case of the heads 2A and 2B. Meanwhile, these signals are 
on the other hand combined by the head switching signal HSW into a 
reproduced video signal. If, in this instance, the head HA has the same 
azimuth angle as that of the heads 2A and 2B, the head HA traces a track 
having a pilot signal f1 recorded in the area a1 and another track having 
a pilot signal f4 recorded in the area a1 thereof as shown in FIG. 15. 
Meanwhile, the other head HB traces a track having a pilot signal f2 
recorded therein and another track having another pilot signal f3 recorded 
therein. Therefore, the tracking control signal ATF to be generated on the 
basis of the reproduction signal of the head HA is obtained in the same 
manner as in the case of the head 2A. Whereas, components F1 and F2 
extracted through BPF's 258 and 259 from a reproduction signal which is 
produced by the other head HB from the area a1 are derived from the front 
adjacent and rear adjacent tracks respectively and are reverse to those 
obtained by the head HA. This relation of course applies also to the other 
area a2. It is thus necessary to have the signal ATF produced from the 
inverting amplifier when the area a1 is being traced by the head HB. 
Therefore, unlike in the case of varied speed reproduction, the head 
switching signal HSW is supplied as it is via the side L of the switch 295 
to the control terminal of the switch 269. By virtue of this arrangement, 
the tracking control signal ATF is obtained on the basis of the signals 
reproduced by the heads HA and HB. Further, a method for forming a signal 
to be supplied to the capstan motor control circuit 13 is identical with 
the method used in the case of varied speed reproduction and, therefore, 
requires no further description here. 
Details of Rotation Control Circuit 
Referring to FIG. 15, let us assume that the head 2A is at a position Ap. 
In other words, the head 2A is assumed to be in the area a1 of a track 
having the pilot signal f4 recorded therein. In the event of varied speed 
reproduction, the other head 2B comes into the area a2 of a track having a 
pilot signal f2 or f3 recorded therein as indicated by reference symbols 
Bp0, Bp1, Bp2 and Bp3 in FIG. 15. In other words, the pilot signals 
recorded in the tracks mainly traced by the heads 2A and 2B differs from 
each other. Accordingly, reference signals of different frequencies are 
then supplied to the multipliers 254 and 255. 
When the pilot signal recorded in the area a2 of a given recording track is 
determined, the pilot signal recorded in the area a1 is positively 
determined. In other words, when the pilot signal f3 is recorded in the 
area a2, the pilot signal recorded in the area a1 is f1. If the pilot 
signal f2 is recorded in the area a2, the pilot signal recorded in the 
area a1 is f4. In the event of varied speed reproduction, the tracks to be 
traced by the heads 2A and 2B thus can be classified into these two kinds. 
Accordingly, pertinent reference signals can be supplied to the 
multipliers 254 and 255 by discriminating whether the track to be traced 
next is of the same kind or of the other kind. The pulse signal PUL-E 
which is described in the foregoing is usable for this discrimination. 
The operation of the embodiment at specific tape travel speeds is as 
follows: FIG. 16 is a timing chart showing the wave forms of various parts 
of the apparatus obtained in the case of normal 1/2 slow speed 
reproduction. A phase information signal which is generated at the counter 
P 101 by counting the capstan FG signal and is of a value indicated in an 
analog manner at a part P-OUT in FIG. 16 is loaded on the counters A 102 
and B 103 by pulse signals PUL-A and PUL-B. Then, after the lapse of 1/2 
field period, the levels of pulse signals PUL-C and PUL-D becomes high to 
cause the counters A 102 and B 103 to count the capstan FG signal. At the 
initial value take-in timing defined by the pulse signals PUL-A and PUL-B, 
the counter P 101 shows phase information for a recording track. 
Therefore, if no track renewal takes place during the initial value 
take-in timing, the track being traced remains the same. Further, the head 
2A does not change its reproducing track during a period between two 
pulses of the pulse signal PUL-A. The other head 2B does not change its 
reproducing track during a period between two pulses of the pulse signal 
PUL-B. 
In other words, with respect to the head 2A, the reproducing track remains 
unchanged if there is no pulse of the pulse signal PUL-E between the two 
pulses of the pulse signal PUL-A. If there is a pulse of the pulse signal 
PUL-E between two pulses of the pulse signal PUL-A, this indicates that 
one reproducing track is changed to another. The same situation applies 
also to the head 2B. Further, if no pulse of the pulse signal PUL-E exists 
between a pulse of the pulse signal PUL-A and a pulse of the pulse signal 
PUL-B, the heads 2A and 2B are tracing one and the same reproducing track 
after these pulses. If a pulse of the signal PUL-E is between them, tracks 
being reproduced are next but one to each other. The frequencies of the 
reference signals are generated by selectors 281 and 282 on the basis of 
this concept as shown at parts 281 OUT and 282 OUT in FIG. 16. 
Let us consider a case where there are a plurality of pulses of the signal 
PUL-E between two pulses of the signal PUL-A or PUL-B. If the number of 
pulses of the signal PUL-E existing between the two pulses of the signal 
PUL-A is two, this means that the change-over or renewal of the 
reproducing track has been effected twice. Then, the head 2A continuously 
traces tracks having the same pilot signal recorded therein. In the event 
of three pulses of the signal PUL-E between two pulses of the signal 
PUL-A, it means three occurrences of track change-over and the head 2A 
traces tracks of the above-stated different kinds. Thus, generally 
speaking, in case where a (2n-1) number of the pulses of the signal PUL-E 
exist between two pulses of the signal PUL-A, the head 2A traces tracks 
which have different pilot signals recorded therein. In the case of a (2n) 
number of pulses of the signal PUL-E between two pulses of the signal 
PUL-A, the head 2A traces tracks having the same pilot signals recorded 
both in the areas a1 and a2. In the case of the other head 2B, the tracing 
operation thereof can be judged likewise from a number of the pulses of 
the signal PUL-E between two signals of the signal PUL-B. Further, tracing 
by each of the heads 2A and 2B likewise can be judged from a number of 
pulses of the signal PUL-E existing between one pulse of the signal PUL-A 
and that of the signal PUL-B. 
FIG. 17 is a timing chart showing the wave forms of various parts of the 
apparatus obtained in the case of a normal 8/3 speed search operation. The 
chart shows at parts 281 OUT and 282 OUT therein the frequencies of the 
reference signals to be produced from the selectors 281 and 282 on the 
basis of the above-stated concept. 
FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing a specific example of arrangement of 
the rotation control circuit 279 based on the above-stated principle. FIG. 
19 is a timing chart showing the wave forms of various parts of FIG. 18. 
The circuit shown in FIG. 18 operates in the following manner: First, 
varied speed reproduction which is indicated on the left side of the 
timing chart of FIG. 19 will be described. Referring to FIG. 18, a 
flip-flop (hereinafter referred to as FF) 306 is arranged to discriminate 
whether the number of pulses of the signal PUL-E existing between two 
pulses of the signal PUL-A is an even number or an odd number. The FF 306 
receives the signal PUL-A (part (ii) in FIG. 19) via a short time delay 
circuit 307 at its reset terminal R and the signal PUL-E (iv) at its clock 
terminal. The Q output of the FF 306 produced immediately before the FF 
306 is reset is at a high level when the number of pulses of the signal 
PUL-E (iv) between two pulses of the signal PUL-A (ii) is an odd number 
and is at a low level when the number of pulses is an even number. Another 
FF 309 is arranged to have its Q output inverted only when the Q output of 
the FF 306 is at a high level immediately before the FF 306 is reset. 
Accordingly, it is possible to determine, from the Q output (vii) of the 
FF 309, which of the two kinds of tracks is being traced by the head 2A. 
Meanwhile, an FF 308 is arranged to determine whether the number of pulses 
of the signal PUL-E (iv) existing between one pulse of the signal PUL-A 
(ii) and one pulse of the signal PUL-B (iii) is an odd number or an even 
number. The terminal R of the FF 308 is arranged to receive the head 
switching signal HSW (i) which is at a low level only during that period. 
An FF 310 is responsive to the timing defined by the signal PUL-B (iii) 
and is arranged to produce a Q output which differs from that of the FF 
309 when the Q output of the FF 308 immediately before resetting is at a 
high level and to produce a Q output which is the same as that of the FF 
309 when the Q output of the FF 308 is at a low level. Therefore, it is 
possible to determine, from the Q output (ix) of the FF 309, which of the 
above stated two kinds of recording tracks is being traced by the head 2B. 
The head 2A is tracing a main track when the head switching signal HSW (i) 
is at a high level. In that instance, therefore, the frequency of the 
reference signal to be generated by the selector 281 is either f1 or f4. 
Meanwhile a terminal 305 is receiving a system control signal which is 
supplied to the terminal 278 of FIG. 13. This signal is at a high level in 
the event of varied speed reproduction. This causes the signal HSW to be 
inverted by an exclusive OR circuit (EXOR) 313. When the inverted signal 
HSW is at a high level, the frequency of the reference signal to be 
generated by the selector 82 is also either f1 or f4. 
Therefore, the frequency of the reference signal to be generated by the 
selector 281 can be determined by using the Q output of the FF 309 and the 
signal HSW. Further, the frequency of the reference signal to be generated 
by the selector 282 can be determined by using the Q output of the FF 310 
and the output of the EXOR 313. In the case of varied speed reproduction, 
the terminal R of the FF 316 receives a high level input. Therefore, the 
level of the Q output of the FF 316 becomes low. Then, the outputs of OR 
circuits 317 and 318 are equal respectively to the Q outputs of the FF's 
309 and 310. Therefore, assuming that signals obtained from terminals 319, 
320, 321 and 322 are SA1, SB1, SA2 and SB2, the frequency of the reference 
signal to be generated by the selector 281 is determined by the signals 
SA1 and SA2 and that of the reference signal to be generated by the other 
selector 282 is determined by the signals SB1 and SB2. 
The selectors 281 and 282 shown in FIG. 13 are respectively arranged to 
produce the reference signal f1 when the signal SA1 or SB1 is at a high 
level and the signal SA2 or SB2 is also at a high level; to produce the 
reference signal f3 when the signal SA1 or SB1 is at a high level and the 
signal SA2 or SB2 is at a low level; to produce the reference signal f4 
when the signal SA1 or SB1 is at a low level and the signal SA2 or SB2 is 
at a high level; and to produce the reference signal f2 when the signal 
SA1 or SB1 is at a low level and the signal SA2 or SB2 is also at a low 
level. The frequencies to be produced from these selectors 281 and 282 are 
as shown in parts (xii) and (xiv) in FIG. 19. 
The operation for normal reproduction is as follows: in this case, the 
signal supplied to the terminal 305 is at a low level. Therefore, the 
terminals R of the FF's 309 and 310 receive a high level signal via an 
inverter 314. As a result of that, the levels of the outputs of these FF's 
309 and 310 become low. Meanwhile, the FF 316 has the signal HSW supplied 
as it is to the input terminals CK thereof via the EXOR 313 and thus 
produces a Q output as shown on the right side of a part (x) in FIG. 19. 
This output is produced via OR circuits 317 and 318 as the signals SA1 and 
SB1 for normal reproduction. Then, reference signals can be generated as 
shown in FIG. 19 in the same frequency rotation as in recording. 
The arrangement in the above-stated manner enables the apparatus to obtain 
the tracking control signal ATF from both the areas a1 and a2 at any tape 
speed. 
Description of Other Parts 
The rest of the conversion element control circuit 55 are arranged as 
follows: FIG. 20 is a timing chart showing the voltages actually applied 
to the conversion elements 3A and 3B. LPF's 161 and 162 are arranged to 
remove the high frequency components of fixed pattern signals for the 
purpose of preventing the ringing phenomenon mentioned in the foregoing. 
In case that piezoelectric ceramics of a bimorph plate like shape is used 
as the conversion elements 3A and 3B, the ringing phonomenon takes place 
generally between 500 Hz and 1.5 KHz. In view of this, there are provided 
LPF's 161, 162, 193 and 194. However, if the cut-off frequency of these 
LPF's is lowered, a phase lag would arise in the pattern signals when they 
are allowed to pass through these LPF's. 
Therefore, as shown at parts "LPF 161 OUT" and "LPF 162 OUT" in FIG. 20, 
the responsivity of the conversion elements becomes insufficient 
immediately after counters A 102 and B 103 take in from the counter P 101 
the initial value thereof, as shown at a part J in FIG. 20, and 
immediately after these counters A 102 and B 103 begin to count as shown 
at a part K in FIG. 20. However, in this embodiment, this problem is 
completely solved in the following manner. Referring to FIG. 20, a timing 
point "x" for taking in the initial value and a timing point "y" for the 
start of count are arranged to be earlier by predetermined periods of time 
respectively than a timing point for the start of reproduction of a video 
signal, the former being earlier by one field period and the latter by 0.5 
field period. This arrangement ensures that the period for reproduction of 
the video signal remains unperturbed at all. 
With regard to the timing points "x" and "y", an excessively short interval 
between the points "x" and "y" would cause the displacement width of the 
conversion elements to become too large and is not desirable especially in 
the case of a bimorph plate of piezoelectric ceramics having a 
characteristic called the residual displacement. 
A subtractor 171 is arranged to subtract the tracking control signals ATF-A 
and ATF-B from the fixed pattern signals for the heads 2A and 2B. A DC 
component removing circuit 59 is arranged to detect with an integrator 180 
the average of DC components included in the signals produced from the 
subtraction circuit 58 and to remove it by means of differential 
amplifiers 181 and 182. The signals produced from the differential 
amplifiers 181 and 182 are applied to the piezoelectric conversion 
elements from terminals 211 and 212 via amplifiers 191 and 192, LPF's 193 
and 194 and high voltage amplifiers 195 and 196 respectively. 
Description of Modifications 
In the embodiment described, the heads 2A and 2B which are used for varied 
tape speed reproduction are arranged to have the same azimuth angle. 
However, this invention is applicable also to an apparatus having heads of 
different azimuth angles. As for the number of heads to be used, four 
heads can be arranged to trace recording tracks one after another. In that 
case, the invention becomes more advantageous as the time interval can be 
made longer between the timing point "x" shown in FIG. 20 and the timing 
point for the start of reproduction of the video signal. 
As for the frequencies of the reference signals, these signals are arranged 
to have the frequencies f1, f2, f4 and f3 which are the same as those of 
the pilot signals. However, the reference signals may be arranged to have 
some other frequencies. For example, the frequency f1 may be replaced with 
a frequency f1+fx and frequencies f2, f4 and f3 may be replaced 
respectively with frequencies f2+fx, f4+fx and f3+fx (fx: a desired 
frequency). Then, the same operation can be carried out with the passing 
bands of the BPF's suitably changed. In that case, however, a frequency 
component fx arises at the multipliers 254 and 255. Therefore, the 
frequency fx should be so determined as to facilitate removal of the fx 
component. Further, if the frequencies of the pilot signals are arranged 
to have the different frequencies in a relation f2-f1=f4-f3 as in the case 
of the embodiment given in the foregoing, a reference signal having a 
frequency of f1 (or f4)+fy (fy: a desired frequency) may be arranged to be 
used in cases where the pilot signal recorded in the main track is of the 
frequency f1 or f4. Then, in cases where the pilot signal of the main 
track is of the frequency f2 or f3, a reference signal of a frequency f2 
(or f3)+fy may be used. In this instance, the passing bands of the BPF's 
256, 257, 258 and 259 must be suitably changed accordingly, and the 
control over the switches 268 and 269 also must be changed. Further, where 
two reproducing heads 2A and 2B have the same azimuth angle, as in the 
case of the embodiment described, the reference signal of frequency f1 may 
be always used when the head is tracing the area a1 and the reference 
signal of frequency f2 always used when the head is tracing the area a2.