Finger operated spray pump

A finger-operated spray pump assembly including a tank, a primary piston slidably fitted inside the tank, a secondary piston slidably fitted inside the primary piston, and a spring fitted inside the primary piston and on the outside of the secondary piston for biasing the primary piston away from the secondary piston.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to liquid atomizer pumps. In particular, the 
invention relates to small hand-held, finger-operated dispensers involving 
pump assemblages as distinguished from pressurized aerosol containers and 
valves. 
Pumps of the type with which the present invention is concerned includes a 
piston arranged to be driven into the pump housing against a spring 
pressure so as to deliver the liquid to the nozzle. It is known that in 
order to obtain the highest possible degree of atomization it is 
preferable to provide at the pump outlet a so-called turbulence nozzle. 
However, it has been found that even the use of a nozzle of this type in 
prior art atomizing pumps does not completely preclude the occurrence of 
an insufficient atomization and the formation of droplets in the vicinity 
of the nozzle, particularly when the pump is subjected to a relatively 
slow depression movement. 
U.S. Pat. No. Re. 28,366, reissued Mar. 18, 1975, to Pechstein discloses an 
atomizing pump which has as its object the elimination of some of these 
drawbacks. The Pechstein patent discloses a pump that has a first piston 
and a second piston, the first piston having a liquid flow passage. A 
valve which moves relative to the first piston and the second piston is 
disposed for closing a liquid flow passage in the first piston. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a 
finger-operated spray pump assembly including a tank, a primary piston 
slidably fitted inside the tank, a secondary piston slidably fitted inside 
the primary piston, and a spring fitted inside the primary piston and on 
the outside of the secondary piston for biasing the primary piston away 
from the secondary piston.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring now to the drawings, the spray pump assembly of the present 
invention can be seen in FIG. 1 to include a tank, which is generally 
indicated by the numeral 25. Tank 25 houses a primary piston, generally 
indicated by the numeral 15. Tank 25 is generally cylindrical in shape as 
is primary piston 15 and secondary piston 30. 
At the bottom of tank 25 is non-return valve 27 and liquid inlet channels 
28. Non-return valve 27 is preferably a metal ball as is shown in the 
photographs but other conventional non-return valves may be utilized. 
Non-return valve 27 is held within valve housing 45 which is generally 
cylindrical in shape and rests against the lower shoulders 46 of tank 25. 
Non-return valve 27 is contained within a cylindrical cavity 47 molded 
into valve housing 45. Also located in the end of valve housing 45 is a 
cylindrical channel 48 which is aligned with dip tube 42 located in the 
lower end of tank 25. 
Force-fitted in the upper end of valve housing 45 is piston seat 50. Piston 
seat 50 has a plurality of channels 51 at the bottom which communicate 
with cylindrical cavity 47. Piston seat 50 is a generally solid 
cylindrical member which, at its upper end, forms a liquid-tight seal with 
the lower end of secondary piston 30 when in the positions shown in FIGS. 
1 and 3. The upper end 53 of piston seat 50 is cone shaped and adapted for 
sealing with the sloping inner walls 32 of the lower end of secondary 
piston 30. 
A compression chamber 26 is defined by the space between the lower end of 
tank 25, the lower end of primary piston 15, and the outside seat 50 and 
valve housing 45. Chamber 26 also includes channels 51 and the portion of 
cavity 47 above ball 27. 
Primary piston 15 is slidably contained within tank 25 by means of the 
closure, generally indicated by the numeral 22, which is fitted to the top 
of the container by crimping, screwing, or the like. Closure 22 limits the 
upward movement of primary piston 15 when shoulder 17 of primary piston 15 
strikes shoulder 22a of closure 22. Tank 25 is connected to closure 22 by 
flange 25a which is held to closure 22 by shoulder 25b. 
Primary piston 15 is generally hollow inside and has a hollow stem 15a 
which projects upwardly therefrom. Stem 15a contains a liquid channel 16 
which communicates with liquid channel 33 in secondary piston 30. 
Primary piston 15 also contains an intermediate portion 15b which is 
slidably received in circular opening 22b in closure 22. A hollow 
cylindrical guide 15d extends downwardly in the interior of primary piston 
15 and is adapted to slidably receive secondary piston 30. A spring 40 is 
located between the inside of intermediate portion 15b and the outside of 
cylindrical guide 15d. Spring 40 is held in place by shoulder 15e located 
on the inside wall of intermediate portion of primary piston 15. 
A vent 15f is located in the side wall of primary piston 15 to permit air 
to flow freely from the interior of portion 15b to the exterior of primary 
piston 15 and the interior of tank 25. A conventional vent (not shown) may 
also be located in the upper portion of tank 25 to permit air to flow 
freely from the interior of tank 25 to the interior of the container. 
Primary piston 15 has located at the lower end thereof a scaling collar 18 
which forms a sliding seal with the interior of tank 25, and secondary 
piston 30 has a scaling collar 19 located at the lower end thereof which 
makes a sliding seal with the interior of pirmary piston 15. The upper end 
of piston 30 has a scaling collar 34 which forms a sliding seal with the 
interior of cylindrical guide 15d. A liquid channel 33 is located inside 
piston 30. Secondary piston 30 is prevented from wobbling within 
cylindrical guide 15d by shoulder 15g located on the interior of 
cylindrical guide 15d. 
Attached at the top of stem 15a is actuator button 10. Actuator button 10 
has a vertical channel 11 which communicates with channel 16 and a 
horizontal channel 12 which communicates with channel 11. Communicating 
with channel 12 is opening 13 into which may be placed any conventional 
atomizing nozzle (not shown) for receiving and spraying liquid pumped 
through the pump assembly. 
In the free standing normal postion shown in FIG. 1, the spring 40 forces 
secondary piston 30 onto the upper end 53 of piston seat 50. In operation, 
the actuator button 10 is first depressed, moving primary piston 15 
downwardly and compressing spring 40. As piston 15 moves downwardly, the 
liquid trapped in compression chamber 26 is placed under increasing 
pressure, which keeps valve 27 closed as shown in FIG. 2. 
At a certain point during the downward travel of piston 15, the pressure on 
the liquid within compression chamber 26 reaches a point sufficient to 
overcome the spring pressure being exerted downwardly on secondary piston 
30. At this point, secondary piston 30 begins to travel upward due to the 
upward force exerted against scaling collar 19 by the liquid in the 
compression chamber 26. When secondary piston 30 moves upwardly liquid 
begins to flow as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2 from the interior of 
primary piston 15 upwardly through channels 33, 16, 11, 12, and 13, to a 
conventional atomizing nozzle (not shown) which can be fitted in opening 
13. Once a sufficient pressure drop caused by the escape of liquid is 
obtained, the secondary piston 30 is forced by the spring against seat 50 
as shown in FIG. 3 to stop the liquid flow from compression chamber 26. 
In FIG. 3, actuator button 10 is shown moving upwardly by spring pressure. 
The reduced pressure within compression chamber 26 caused by the upward 
movement of primary piston 15 draws liquid upwardly as indicated by the 
arrow through suction tube 42 and inlet 28 upward through channel 48, 
around valve 27, through channels 51, into tank 25, thus filling tank 25 
with a new charge of liquid. 
Having fully described the invention it is desired that it be limited only 
within the spirit and scope of the attached claims.