Apparatuses and methods for applying pressure to edge surfaces

An apparatus for applying pressure to at least a portion of an edge surface, which bridges opposing faces of a workpiece, comprises a frame, a first roller, a second roller, a rotation-control member, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The first roller and the second roller are coupled to the frame, rotatable relative to the frame about a first pivot axis, and translationally fixed relative to the frame. The rotation-control member is movable relative to the frame, controlling rotation of the first roller and the second roller relative to the frame. The first biasing member is coupled to the frame and is configured to operate in tension. The second biasing member is positioned, in compression, between the frame and the rotation-control member.

BACKGROUND

Applying pressure to edge surfaces of workpieces often requires a specialized clamping apparatus, which supports the workpiece to apply pressure to the edge surface of interest. However, some workpieces are too large to be supported by a clamping apparatus. Furthermore, conventional hand-held clamps are generally not suitable for applying edge pressure to large workpieces by virtue of their design.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, apparatuses and methods, intended to address at least the above-identified concerns, would find utility.

The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples, which may or may not be claimed, the subject matter, disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for applying pressure to at least a portion of an edge surface, which bridges opposing faces of a workpiece. The apparatus comprises a frame, a first roller, a second roller, a rotation-control member, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The first roller is coupled to the frame, is rotatable relative to the frame about a first pivot axis, and is translationally fixed relative to the frame. The second roller is coupled to the frame, is rotatable relative to the frame about a second pivot axis, and is translationally fixed relative to the frame. The second pivot axis is spaced from the first pivot axis along a first axis, which intersects and is perpendicular to the first pivot axis and to the second pivot axis. The rotation-control member is coupled to the frame and is movable relative to the frame. The first biasing member is coupled to the frame and is configured to operate in tension. The second biasing member is positioned, in compression, between the frame and the rotation-control member. When the rotation-control member is at a first location relative to the frame, the first roller and the second roller are rotatable relative to the frame. When the rotation-control member is at a second location relative to the frame, the first roller and the second roller are rotationally fixed relative to the frame.

Apparatus is configured to apply the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface while apparatus is supported by workpiece. Apparatus can be installed on workpiece by an operator with minimal efforts, e.g., using only one hand. Furthermore, apparatus is configured to retain on workpiece, supported by opposing faces of workpiece. Apparatus applies the pressure uniformly using first biasing member, which is configured to operate in tension and conformally contact at least the portion of edge surface. The level of pressure is determined by stretching of first biasing member and, in some examples, is controllable by the degree of protrusion of workpiece into apparatus.

Also disclosed herein is a method of applying pressure to at least a portion of an edge surface, which bridges opposing faces of a workpiece. The method uses an apparatus that comprises a frame, a first roller, a second roller, a rotation-control member, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The first roller is coupled to the frame and is rotatable relative to the frame about a first pivot axis and is translationally fixed relative to the frame. The second roller is coupled to the frame and is rotatable relative to the frame about a second pivot axis and is translationally fixed relative to the frame. The second pivot axis is spaced from the first pivot axis along a first axis, which intersects and is perpendicular to the first pivot axis and to the second pivot axis. The rotation-control member is coupled to the frame and is movable relative to the frame. The first biasing member is coupled to the frame. The second biasing member is positioned, in compression, between the frame and the rotation-control member. The method comprises aligning the apparatus with the workpiece such that the edge surface of the workpiece is centered along a second axis, that is perpendicular to the first axis and that extends between the first pivot axis of the first roller and the second pivot axis of the second roller. The method further comprises positioning the rotation-control member at a first location relative to the frame such that the first roller and the second roller are rotatable relative to the frame. The method also comprises, with the rotation-control member positioned at the first location relative to the frame, moving the apparatus and the workpiece relative to each other, such that the workpiece is received between the first roller and the second roller, stretching the first biasing member so that the first biasing member applies the pressure to at least the portion of the edge surface of the workpiece, while the first roller and the second roller apply equal and opposite forces to opposing faces of the workpiece. The method additionally comprises positioning the rotation-control member at a second location relative to the frame, such that the first roller and the second roller are fixed relative to the frame, creating a frictional coupling between the apparatus and the workpiece, which maintains the pressure, applied to at least the portion of the edge surface by the first biasing member.

Aligning apparatus with workpiece such that edge surface of workpiece is centered along second axis ensures that workpiece can be later inserted between first roller and second roller. Furthermore, positioning rotation-control member at the first location relative to frame ensues that first roller and second roller are able rotatable relative to frame as, for example, is shown inFIG. 2B. The rotation of first roller and second roller allows for workpiece to be inserted between first roller and second roller.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

InFIGS. 1A and 1B, referred to above, solid lines, if any, connecting various elements and/or components may represent mechanical, electrical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic and other couplings and/or combinations thereof. As used herein, “coupled” means associated directly as well as indirectly. For example, a member A may be directly associated with a member B, or may be indirectly associated therewith, e.g., via another member C. It will be understood that not all relationships among the various disclosed elements are necessarily represented. Accordingly, couplings other than those depicted in the block diagrams may also exist. Dashed lines, if any, connecting blocks designating the various elements and/or components represent couplings similar in function and purpose to those represented by solid lines; however, couplings represented by the dashed lines may either be selectively provided or may relate to alternative examples of the present disclosure. Likewise, elements and/or components, if any, represented with dashed lines, indicate alternative examples of the present disclosure. One or more elements shown in solid and/or dashed lines may be omitted from a particular example without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Environmental elements, if any, are represented with dotted lines. Virtual (imaginary) elements may also be shown for clarity. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that some of the features illustrated inFIGS. 1A and 1Bmay be combined in various ways without the need to include other features described inFIGS. 1A and 1B, other drawing figures, and/or the accompanying disclosure, even though such combination or combinations are not explicitly illustrated herein. Similarly, additional features not limited to the examples presented, may be combined with some or all of the features shown and described herein.

Reference herein to “one example” means that one or more feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example is included in at least one implementation. The phrase “one example” in various places in the specification may or may not be referring to the same example.

Illustrative, non-exhaustive examples, which may or may not be claimed, of the subject matter according the present disclosure are provided below.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I and 3, apparatus100for applying pressure to at least a portion of edge surface192, which bridges opposing faces194of workpiece190, is disclosed. Apparatus100comprises frame110, first roller120, second roller130, first biasing member150, and second biasing member160. First roller120is coupled to frame110and is rotatable relative to frame110about first pivot axis125. First roller120is translationally fixed relative to frame110. Second roller130is coupled to frame110and is rotatable relative to frame110about second pivot axis135. Second roller130is translationally fixed relative to frame110. Second pivot axis135is spaced from first pivot axis125along first axis101, which intersects and is perpendicular to first pivot axis125and to second pivot axis135. Rotation-control member140is movable relative to frame110. First biasing member150is coupled to frame110and is configured to operate in tension. Second biasing member160is positioned, in compression, between frame110and rotation-control member140. When rotation-control member140is at a first location relative to frame110, first roller120and second roller130are rotatable relative to frame110. When rotation-control member140is at a second location relative to frame110, first roller120and second roller130are rotationally fixed relative to frame110. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 1 of the present disclosure.

Apparatus100is configured to apply the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192while apparatus100is supported by workpiece190. Apparatus100can be installed on workpiece190by an operator with minimal efforts, e.g., using only one hand. Furthermore, apparatus100is configured to retain on workpiece190, supported by opposing faces194of workpiece190.

Apparatus100applies the pressure uniformly using first biasing member150, which is configured to operate in tension and conformally contact at least the portion of edge surface192. The level of pressure is determined by stretching of first biasing member150and, in some examples, is controllable by the degree of protrusion of workpiece190into apparatus100.

Specifically, when workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130of apparatus100, first biasing member150comes in contact with at least the portion of edge surface192. Furthermore, first biasing member150stretches thereby applying the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192.

The location of rotation-control member140controls rotation of first roller120and second roller130thereby determining when workpiece190can be received between first roller120and second roller130and/or retracted from apparatus100. When workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, workpiece190forms frictional coupling with first roller120and second roller130, either directly or through first biasing member150. This frictional coupling ensures that workpiece190can be inserted between first roller120and second roller130and/or retracted from apparatus100only when first roller120and second roller130rotate. In other words, once workpiece190is positioned between first roller120and second roller130and frictionally coupled to first roller120and second roller130, the linear movement of workpiece190along second axis102corresponds to the rotation of first roller120and second roller130. Workpiece190cannot slide through the gap between first roller120and second roller130when first roller120and second roller130do not rotate.

When rotation-control member140is at the first location relative to frame110(e.g., moved by an operator), first roller120and second roller130are rotatable relative to frame110. The rotation of first roller120and second roller130allows workpiece190to be inserted between first roller120and second roller130and/or retracted from apparatus100. As such, rotation-control member140is moved to the first location relative to frame110prior to both of these operations and kept at the first location during these operations.

When rotation-control member140is at the second location relative to frame110, first roller120and second roller130are not rotatable relative to frame110. Workpiece190cannot be inserted between first roller120and second roller130and/or retracted from apparatus100. If workpiece190has been previously inserted between first roller120and second roller130, workpiece190retains the position relative to first roller120and second roller130and to frame110. This position is retained even through the pressure is applied to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. No external support or forces are needed to apparatus100, which effectively hangs on workpiece190due to the frictional coupling between workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130, either directly or indirectly.

To retract workpiece190from apparatus100and to stop the application of the pressure onto at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190, rotation-control member140is first brought back to the first location relative to frame110. As noted above, first roller120and second roller130are able to rotate while rotation-control member140is at the first location. The rotation of first roller120and second roller130allows workpiece190to advance linearly along second axis102and be retracted from apparatus. Workpiece190remains frictionally coupled to first roller120and second roller130while passing the gap between first roller120and second roller130.

The features described above allow, in some examples, for one hand operation of apparatus100. For example, an operator forces rotation-control member140to frame110to bring rotation-control member140to the first location relative to frame110. In some examples, frame110or, more specifically, first roller120and second roller130is already contacting workpiece190and provide reference support. While keeping rotation-control member140in the first location, the operator slides apparatus100over workpiece190or, more specifically, over edge surface192or workpiece190. The operator then releases rotation-control member140thereby bringing rotation-control member140to the second location relative to frame110. No further support is needed by the operator. Apparatus100remains supported on workpiece190, while applying pressure on at least a portion of edge surface192. To remove apparatus100, the operator again forces rotation-control member140to frame110to bring rotation-control member140to the first location relative to frame110. At this time, first roller120and second roller130are frictionally coupled to workpiece190and provide reference support. While keeping rotation-control member140at the first location, the operator pulls apparatus100along second axis102and away from edge surface192of workpiece190.

First roller120is coupled to and rotatable relative to frame110. For example, first roller120is coupled relative to frame110using a bearing, such as a plain bearing (e.g., bushing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, rifle bearing, composite bearing), a rolling-element bearing (e.g., ball bearing, roller bearing), a jewel bearing, a fluid bearing, a magnetic bearing, and a flexure bearing. First roller120is translationally fixed relative to frame110such that first roller120does not move relative to frame110in the direction along first axis101. This features controls the gap between first roller120and second roller130and allows forming frictional coupling between workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130.

Second roller130is coupled and rotatable to frame110. For example, second roller130is coupled relative to frame110using a bearing, such as a plain bearing (e.g., bushing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, rifle bearing, composite bearing), a rolling-element bearing (e.g., ball bearing, roller bearing), a jewel bearing, a fluid bearing, a magnetic bearing, and a flexure bearing. Second roller130is also translationally fixed relative to frame110such that second roller130does not move relative to frame110in the direction along first axis101. Since both first roller120and second roller130are translationally fixed relative to frame110, distance D1between first pivot axis125and second pivot axis135is constant. This feature is used to apply friction forces on opposing faces194or workpiece190when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130.

Rotation-control member140is movable relative to frame110. For example, rotation-control member140is slidable relative to frame110along second axis102. In some examples, a linear bearing is positioned between rotation-control member140and frame110to ensure this moveability. Second biasing member160is positioned, in compression, between frame110and rotation-control member140. More specifically, second biasing member160urges rotation-control member140to the second location relative to frame110. For example, when an operator applies an external force to rotation-control member140relative to frame110, the operator brings rotation-control member140to the first location relative to frame110by overcoming the counter-force from second biasing member160. However, when the operator releases the external force, second biasing member160moves rotation-control member140back to the second location relative to frame110using this counter-force. In some examples, second biasing member160is one or more compression springs. When multiple compression springs are used, both springs in each pair of the springs are equally offset from second axis102.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I and 3, first biasing member150is elastically stretchable. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 2 of the present disclosure, wherein example 2 also includes the subject matter according to example 1, above.

The stretching of first biasing member150is used to control the pressure, applied by first biasing member150pressure to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. More stretching corresponds to the higher pressure and vice versa. Furthermore, the stretching of first biasing member150provides space for workpiece190when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130. In some examples, first biasing member150is made from an elastically stretchable material, such as an elastomer (e.g., natural rubber, synthetic rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, chloroprene rubber, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) rubber, and the like).

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first biasing member150has an open shape and comprises first end155and second end156. First end155is attached to frame110at first attachment point118. Second end156is attached to frame110at second attachment point119. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 3 of the present disclosure, wherein example 3 also includes the subject matter according to example 2, above.

When first biasing member150has an open shape and first end155and second end156of first biasing member150are attached to frame110, first biasing member150is not compressed between rotation-control member140and each of first roller120and second roller130during operation of apparatus100. Furthermore, first biasing member150is not compressed between workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130during operation of apparatus100. This lack of compression allows more precisely controlled stretching of first biasing member150. As noted above, stretching of first biasing member150controls the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190.

For example, first biasing member150is a stretchable belt. First end155is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached frame110at first attachment point118. Similarly, second end156is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to first roller120at second attachment point119. The rotation of first roller120and second roller130does not change the position of first biasing member150. As such, the stretching of first biasing member150is controlled by workpiece190, e.g., how far workpiece190protrudes past a virtual line extending through first attachment point118and second attachment point119.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first biasing member150is in tension between first attachment point118and second attachment point119. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 4 of the present disclosure, wherein example 4 also includes the subject matter according to example 3, above.

Keeping first biasing member150in tension even before workpiece190is introduced between first roller120and second roller130allows increasing the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. It should be noted that this pressure depends, at least in part, on the level of stretching of first biasing member150.

In some examples, the initial stretching (pre-stretching) of first biasing member150is at least 10% of the initial unstretched length of first biasing member150or, more specifically, at least 25% or even at least 50%. It should be noted that first biasing member150is further stretches, besides the initial tension when workpiece190contacts first biasing member150.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first biasing member150is straight when apparatus100is not applying pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 5 of the present disclosure, wherein example 5 also includes the subject matter according to example 4, above.

First biasing member150being straight ensures that first biasing member150in tension even before workpiece190is introduced between first roller120and second roller130and allows increasing the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. It should be noted that this pressure depends, at least in part, on the level of stretching of first biasing member150.

In some examples, the initial stretching (pre-stretching) of first biasing member150is at least 10% of the initial unstretched length of first biasing member150or, more specifically, at least 25% or even at least 50%. It should be noted that first biasing member150is further stretches, besides the initial tension when first biasing member150extends along first axis101as shown inFIG. 3A, when workpiece190contacts first biasing member150.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first biasing member150is parallel to first axis101when apparatus100is not applying pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 6 of the present disclosure, wherein example 6 also includes the subject matter according to example 5, above.

When first biasing member150is parallel to first axis101, prior to applying pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192, first biasing member150forms a uniform initial contact with this portion of edge surface192when workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130. In some examples, edge surface192is perpendicular to opposing faces194of workpiece190. It should be noted that opposing faces194extend parallel to second axis102and perpendicular to first axis101, when workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130.

To maintain first biasing member150parallel to first axis101, first biasing member150is kept in tension between first attachment point118and second attachment point119. Furthermore, first biasing member150extends through channel112of frame110.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, second axis102, perpendicular to first axis101, bisects first biasing member150into two equal parts. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 7 of the present disclosure, wherein example 7 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 3 to 6, above.

When second axis102bisects first biasing member150into two equal parts, first attachment point118and second attachment point119are positioned at the same distance from second axis102. As such, when workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130, first straight portion181of first biasing member150, extending between first attachment point118and workpiece190as well as second straight portion182of first biasing member150, extending between second attachment point119and workpiece190have the same length and stretch at the same rate as workpiece190moves along second axis102. The pressure applied by engagement portion161, extending between first straight portion181and second straight portion182is uniform.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, second distance D4between first attachment point118and second attachment point119is greater than first distance D1between first pivot axis125of first roller120and second pivot axis135of second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 8 of the present disclosure, wherein example 8 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 3 to 7, above.

Second distance D4between first attachment point118and second attachment point119determines the length of first biasing member150. Furthermore, second distance D4determined the stretching rate of first biasing member150after workpiece190comes into contact with workpiece190and while workpiece190moves along second axis102. A larger value of second distance D4provides a smaller stretching rate and more gradual increase of the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192. Furthermore, a larger value of second distance D4corresponds to larger angles between first straight portion181and engagement portion161and, separately, between second straight portion182and engagement portion161. As such, transitions between edge surface192and each of bridges opposing faces194is not overly compressed by first biasing member150.

In some examples, first end155of first biasing member150is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to first attachment point118. In the same or other examples, second end156of first biasing member150is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to second attachment point119.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIG. 3, second distance D4between first attachment point118and second attachment point119is less than first distance D1between first pivot axis125of first roller120and second pivot axis135of second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 9 of the present disclosure, wherein example 9 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 3 to 7, above.

Second distance D4between first attachment point118and second attachment point119determines the length of first biasing member150. Furthermore, second distance D4determined the stretching rate of first biasing member150after workpiece190comes into contact with workpiece190and while workpiece190moves along second axis102. A smaller value of second distance D4provides a higher stretching rate. Thereby, more pressure can be exerted by first biasing member150for the same level of protrusion of workpiece190. Furthermore, a smaller value of second distance D4corresponds to smaller angles between first straight portion181and engagement portion161and, separately, between second straight portion182and engagement portion161. As such, the pressure is also applied to transitions between edge surface192and each of bridges opposing faces194.

In some examples, first end155of first biasing member150is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to first attachment point118. In the same or other examples, second end156of first biasing member150is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to second attachment point119.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I and 3, at least one of first roller120or second roller130comprises an elastic material. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 10 of the present disclosure, wherein example 10 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1 to 9, above.

The elastic material of first roller120or second roller130allow inserting workpiece190between first roller120and second roller130while applying force on opposing faces194of workpiece190. This force creates friction between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130thereby forming frictional coupling. The frictional coupling prevents workpiece190from sliding relative to apparatus100when applying the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190.

Referring toFIGS. 3C and 3F, when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130, at least one of first roller120or second roller130compresses. In these examples, each of first roller120and second roller130contacts workpiece190directly. In some examples, at least a portion of first roller120(e.g., forming first outer cylindrical surface122of first roller120) and/or at least a portion of second roller130(e.g., forming second outer cylindrical surface132of second roller130) is formed from a compressible material, such as an elastomer (e.g., natural rubber, synthetic rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, chloroprene rubber, EVA rubber, and the like).

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I and 3, second biasing member160biases rotation-control member140toward first roller120and toward second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 11 of the present disclosure, wherein example 11 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1 to 10, above.

Second biasing member160biases rotation-control member140toward first roller120and toward second roller130thereby urging rotation-control member140from the first location relative to frame110, shown inFIG. 2E, to the second location, shown inFIG. 2G. For example, when an operator stops applying an external force to (e.g., releases) rotation-control member140, second biasing member160moves rotation-control member140to the second location without further actions from the operator. It should be note when rotation-control member140is at the first location, first roller120and second roller130are able to rotate and workpiece190can be inserted and retracted from the gap between first roller120and second roller130. However, when rotation-control member140is at the second location, first roller120and second roller130are not able to rotate and workpiece190can be inserted and retracted from the gap between first roller120and second roller130. Therefore, when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130, the operator simply needs to release rotation-control member140for rotation-control member140to move to the second location. Workpiece190remains inserted between first roller120and second roller130.

In some examples, second biasing member160is a spring, such as a compression spring (configured to operate with a compression load), a constant-rate spring, a variable-rate spring, a flat spring, a machined spring, a serpentine spring, a garter spring, a cantilever spring, a coil spring or helical spring, and the like.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2Iand, when rotation-control member140is at the first location relative to frame110, rotation-control member140does not contact either one of first roller120or second roller130. When rotation-control member140is at the second location relative to frame110, rotation-control member140contacts, directly, first outer cylindrical surface122of first roller120and second outer cylindrical surface132of second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 12 of the present disclosure, wherein example 12 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1 to 11, above.

When rotation-control member140is at the first location relative to frame110, first roller120and second roller130are able to rotate about first pivot axis125and second pivot axis135, respectively. Rotation-control member140does not interfere with this rotation, either directly (e.g., direct contact with first roller120and second roller130) or indirectly (through first biasing member150). More specifically, at the first location, rotation-control member140does not contact either one of first roller120or second roller130. Furthermore, at the first location, rotation-control member140does not contact first biasing member150, which, in some examples, wraps around a portion of first roller120and a portion of second roller130.

On other hand, when rotation-control member140is at the second location relative to frame110, rotation-control member140contacts, directly or indirectly, first outer cylindrical surface122of first roller120and second outer cylindrical surface132of second roller130. More specifically, at the second location, rotation-control member140prevents first roller120and second roller130from rotating about first pivot axis125and second pivot axis135, respectively. In some examples, e.g., shown inFIGS. 3A and 3D, rotation-control member140directly contacts first outer cylindrical surface122of first roller120and second outer cylindrical surface132of second roller130. In other examples, e.g., shown inFIGS. 2A and 2G, rotation-control member140indirectly contacts (e.g., through first biasing member150) first outer cylindrical surface122of first roller120and second outer cylindrical surface132of second roller130.

Referring toFIGS. 2A and 2B, in some examples, portions of rotation-control member140contacting first biasing member150are in the form of wedges to provide higher contact areas between rotation-control member140and first biasing member150. Furthermore, the wedges are positioned in such a way that the clockwise rotation of first roller120is restricted more than the counterclockwise rotation and that the counterclockwise rotation of second roller130is restricted more than the clockwise rotation. The clockwise rotation of first roller120and the counterclockwise rotation of second roller130correspond to removal of workpiece190from apparatus100.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, frame110comprises channel112, extending along and longitudinally centered on second axis102, perpendicular to first axis101. A minimum distance between first roller120and second roller130is defined by a gap, extending along first axis101. Second axis102bisects the gap between first roller120and second roller130into two equal parts. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 13 of the present disclosure, wherein example 13 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1 to 12, above.

When workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130, workpiece190protrudes into channel112. In some examples, channel112is used for alignment of workpiece190within apparatus100and, more specifically, relative to first biasing member150. Channel112is aligned relatively to the gap between first roller120and second roller130along second axis102such that both are centered along second axis102. This axial centering of channel112and the gap ensures that workpiece190protrudes into channel112without interference from frame110and ensures the alignment of workpiece190.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first biasing member150extends across channel112. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 14 of the present disclosure, wherein example 14 also includes the subject matter according to example 13, above.

When first biasing member150extends across channel112, workpiece190can continue protruding into channel112after establishing initial contacts with first biasing member150. This further protrusion into channel112causes first biasing member150to stretch and applying more pressure to workpiece190or, more specifically, to at least a portion of edge surface192. Workpiece190or, more specifically, opposing faces194of workpiece190remain supported by channel112thereby preserving orientation of workpiece190relative to frame110.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, channel112has channel width D3, which is constant along channel112. The gap between first roller120and second roller130has gap width D2, which is smaller than channel width D3. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 15 of the present disclosure, wherein example 15 also includes the subject matter according to example 13 or 14, above.

Gap width D2being smaller than channel width D3is used for alignment of workpiece190in channel112or, more specifically, when workpiece190protrudes between and past first roller120and second roller130and into channel112. Channel112effectively aligns and centers workpiece190along second axis102. At the same time, workpiece190forms frictional coupling with first roller120and second roller130and this frictional coupling remains while workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130.

It should be noted that in some examples, at least one of first roller120and second roller130compress when workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130. In other words, gap width D2of the gap between first roller120and second roller130can increase.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, channel112comprises channel surface114, extending parallel to first axis101. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 16 of the present disclosure, wherein example 16 also includes the subject matter according to example 15, above.

Channel surface114is operable as a positive stop when workpiece190protrudes between and past first roller120and second roller130and into channel112. Furthermore, in some examples, channel surface114conforms to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190and is used for alignment of workpiece190in channel112.

The position of channel surface114relative to first axis101also determined the depth of channel112and how far workpiece190is able to protrude between first roller120and second roller130and stretch first biasing member150. This, in turn, determined the pressure, applied to at least the portion of edge surface192.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, channel112further comprises first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115, parallel to each other and to second axis102and extending from channel surface114. Channel width D3of channel112is the shortest distance between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 17 of the present disclosure, wherein example 17 also includes the subject matter according to example 16, above.

First side channel surface113and second side channel surface115are used for alignment of workpiece190within channel112. Specifically, when workpiece190slides within channel112along second axis102, first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115slide relative to and contact opposing faces194of workpiece190.

In some examples, channel width D3is slightly greater than workpiece width D5providing slidable engagement between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. First side channel surface113and second side channel surface115have a minimal surface roughness to ensure sliding.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, channel112further comprises first leading surface116, extending from first side channel surface113and oblique relative to second axis102, and second leading surface117, extending from second side channel surface115and oblique relative to second axis102. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 18 of the present disclosure, wherein example 18 also includes the subject matter according to example 17, above.

First leading surface116and second leading surface117direct workpiece190into a portion of channel112between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. Before reaching that portion, workpiece190is able to tilt relative to second axis102of apparatus100thereby helping the operator to insert workpiece190. However, once workpiece190is inserted into the portion of channel112between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115, workpiece190cannot further tilt and the orientation of workpiece190relative to second axis102is preserved. It should be noted that workpiece190relative is still able to slide within channel112relative to frame110and along second axis102.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first leading surface116and second leading surface117of channel112define an included angle. Second axis102bisects the included angle into two equal parts. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 19 of the present disclosure, wherein example 19 also includes the subject matter according to example 18, above.

First leading surface116and second leading surface117direct workpiece190into a portion of channel112between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. Before reaching that portion, workpiece190is able to tilt relative to second axis102of apparatus100thereby helping the operator to insert workpiece190. When second axis102bisects the included angle into two equal parts, first leading surface116and second leading surface117have the same relative orientation to second axis102and workpiece190is able to tilt to the same degree in both clockwise and counterclockwise direction relative to second axis102. In some examples, the included angle is between about 20° and 90° or, more specifically, between about 30° and 75°. A larger value of the included angle allows more tilt.

Referring generally toFIGS. 1A and 1Band particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, first axis101passes through a first virtual plane, a portion of which is coextensive with first leading surface116of channel112, and through a second virtual plane, a portion of which is coextensive with second leading surface117of channel112. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 20 of the present disclosure, wherein example 20 also includes the subject matter according to example 18 or 19, above.

When first axis101passes through the first virtual plane and the second virtual plane, first leading surface116and second leading surface117start below first axis101and continue above first axis101, referring to the orientation of apparatus100shown inFIG. 2A. As such, the guidance of workpiece by first leading surface116and second leading surface117starts before workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130and continues after workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130.

In some examples, a portion of first leading surface116extending above first axis101, referring to the orientation of apparatus100shown inFIG. 2A, is between about 25% and 75% of first leading surface116, by area. In the same or other examples, a portion of second leading surface117extending above first axis101, referring to the orientation of apparatus100shown inFIG. 2A, is between about 25% and 75% of second leading surface117, by area.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I and 3, method700of applying pressure to at least a portion of edge surface192is disclosed. Edge surface192bridges opposing faces194of workpiece190. Method700uses apparatus100that comprises frame110, first roller120, second roller130, rotation-control member140, first biasing member150, and second biasing member160. First roller120is coupled to frame110and is rotatable relative to frame110about first pivot axis125and translationally fixed relative to frame110. Second roller130is coupled to frame110and is rotatable relative to frame110about second pivot axis135and is translationally fixed relative to frame110. Second pivot axis135is spaced from first pivot axis125along first axis101, which intersects and is perpendicular to first pivot axis125and to second pivot axis135. Rotation-control member140is coupled to frame110and is movable relative to frame110. First biasing member150is coupled to frame110. Second biasing member160is positioned, in compression, between frame110and rotation-control member140. Method700comprises (block710) aligning apparatus100with workpiece190such that edge surface192of workpiece190is centered along second axis102that is perpendicular to first axis101and that extends between first pivot axis125of first roller120and second pivot axis135of second roller130. Method700further comprises (block720) positioning rotation-control member140at a first location relative to frame110such that first roller120and second roller130are rotatable relative to frame110. Method700also comprises, with rotation-control member140positioned at first location relative to frame110, (block730) moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, stretching first biasing member150, thus applying the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190, while first roller120and second roller130apply equal and opposite forces to opposing faces194of workpiece190. Method700additionally comprises (block740) positioning rotation-control member140at a second location relative to frame110, such that first roller120and second roller130are fixed relative to frame110, creating a frictional coupling between apparatus100and workpiece190, which maintains pressure, applied to at least the portion of edge surface192by first biasing member150. The preceding subject matter characterizes example 21 of the present disclosure.

Aligning apparatus100with workpiece190such that edge surface192of workpiece190is centered along second axis102ensures that workpiece190can be later inserted between first roller120and second roller130. Furthermore, positioning rotation-control member140at the first location relative to frame110ensues that first roller120and second roller130are able rotatable relative to frame110as, for example, is shown inFIG. 2B. The rotation of first roller120and second roller130allows for workpiece190to be inserted between first roller120and second roller130.

Moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other results in workpiece190being received between first roller120and second roller130. Upon containing first biasing member150with edge surface192of workpiece190, first biasing member150stretches. In some examples, the contact with first biasing member150and stretching first biasing member150occurs before workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130. Alternatively, the contact with first biasing member150and stretching first biasing member150occurs before workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130. This contact and stretching results in first biasing member150applying the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. The level of pressure depends on the level of stretching and how far workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130.

When workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, first roller120and second roller130apply equal and opposite forces to opposing faces194of workpiece190. This causes frictional coupling between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130, either through a direct contact. This frictional coupling allows workpiece190to move along second axis102only when first roller120and second roller130rotate.

Positioning rotation-control member140at the second location relative to frame110prevents further rotation of first roller120and second roller130. Workpiece190cannot longer move along second axis102. The frictional coupling between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130now translates into a frictional coupling between apparatus100and workpiece190. At this stage, apparatus100or, more specifically, at least a portion of first biasing member150maintains pressure, applied to at least the portion of edge surface192by first biasing member150.

Overall, apparatus100is configured to apply the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192while apparatus100is supported by workpiece190. Apparatus100can be installed on workpiece190by an operator with minimal efforts, e.g., using only one hand. Furthermore, apparatus100is configured to retain on workpiece190, supported by opposing faces194of workpiece190. Apparatus100applies the pressure uniformly using first biasing member150, which is configured to operate in tension and conformally contact at least the portion of edge surface192. The level of pressure is determined by stretching of first biasing member150and, in some examples, is controllable by the degree of protrusion of workpiece190into apparatus100.

The features, described above, allow, in some examples, for one hand operation of apparatus100. For example, an operator forces rotation-control member140to frame110to bring rotation-control member140to the first location relative to frame110. In some examples, frame110or, more specifically, first roller120and second roller130are already contacting workpiece190and provide reference support. While keeping rotation-control member140in the first location, the operator slides apparatus100over workpiece190or, more specifically, over edge surface192or workpiece190. The operator then releases rotation-control member140thereby bringing rotation-control member140to the second location relative to frame110. No further support is needed by the operator. Apparatus100remains supported on workpiece190, while applying pressure on at least a portion of edge surface192. To remove apparatus100, the operator again forces rotation-control member140to frame110to bring rotation-control member140to the first location relative to frame110. At this time, first roller120and second roller130are frictionally coupled to workpiece190and provide reference support. While keeping rotation-control member140at the first location, the operator pulls apparatus100along second axis102and away from edge surface192of workpiece190.

First roller120is coupled to and rotatable relative to frame110. For example, first roller120is coupled relative to frame110using a bearing, such as a plain bearing (e.g., bushing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, rifle bearing, composite bearing), a rolling-element bearing (e.g., ball bearing, roller bearing), a jewel bearing, a fluid bearing, a magnetic bearing, and a flexure bearing. First roller120is translationally fixed relative to frame110such that first roller120does not move relative to frame110in the direction along first axis101. This features controls the gap between first roller120and second roller130and allows forming frictional coupling between workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130.

Second roller130is coupled and rotatable to frame110. For example, second roller130is coupled relative to frame110using a bearing, such as a plain bearing (e.g., bushing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, rifle bearing, composite bearing), a rolling-element bearing (e.g., ball bearing, roller bearing), a jewel bearing, a fluid bearing, a magnetic bearing, and a flexure bearing. Second roller130is also translationally fixed relative to frame110such that second roller130does not move relative to frame110in the direction along first axis101. Since both first roller120and second roller130are translationally fixed relative to frame110, distance D1between first pivot axis125and second pivot axis135is constant. This feature is used to apply friction forces on opposing faces194or workpiece190when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130.

Rotation-control member140is movable relative to frame110. For example, rotation-control member140is slidable relative to frame110along second axis102. In some examples, a linear bearing is positioned between rotation-control member140and frame110to ensure this moveability. Second biasing member160is positioned, in compression, between frame110and rotation-control member140. More specifically, second biasing member160urges rotation-control member140to the second location relative to frame110. For example, when an operator applies an external force to rotation-control member140relative to frame110, the operator brings rotation-control member140to the first location relative to frame110by overcoming the counter-force from second biasing member160. However, when the operator releases the external force, second biasing member160moves rotation-control member140back to the second location relative to frame110using this counter-force. In some examples, second biasing member160is one or more compression springs. When multiple compression springs are used, both springs in each pair of the springs are equally offset from second axis102.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2C-2H, method700further comprises (block735) moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, with rotation-control member140positioned at the first location relative to frame110, such that workpiece190is extracted from a gap between first roller120and second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 22 of the present disclosure, wherein example 22 also includes the subject matter according to example 21, above.

While apparatus100the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190, rotation-control member140positioned at the second location relative to frame110to ensure that the relative position of workpiece190and apparatus100is maintained. Once further application of the pressure is no longer needed, workpiece190removed from apparatus100. The removal of workpiece190requires rotation of first roller120and second roller130, which in turn requires for rotation-control member140to be positioned at the first location relative to frame110. Once rotation-control member140is at the first location, apparatus100and workpiece190can be moved relative to each other, such that workpiece190is extracted from the gap between first roller120and second roller130.

In some examples, an operator applies force into rotation-control member140relative to frame110to move rotation-control member140from the second location to the first location. Moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other involves pulling apparatus100relative to workpiece190at least in the direction along second axis102.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to method700, (block720) positioning rotation-control member140at the first location relative to frame110comprises (block722) compressing second biasing member160. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 23 of the present disclosure, wherein example 23 also includes the subject matter according to example 21 or 22, above.

In some examples, second biasing member160is used to move rotation-control member140from the first location to the second location relative to frame110when no external forces are applied between rotation-control member140and frame110. In these examples, to bring rotation-control member140back to the first location relative to frame110second biasing member160is compressed.

In some examples, second biasing member160is a spring, such as a compression spring (configured to operate with a compression load), a constant-rate spring, a variable-rate spring, a flat spring, a machined spring, a serpentine spring, a garter spring, a cantilever spring, a coil spring or helical spring, and the like.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g,FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to method700, (block722) compressing second biasing member160comprises applying an external force to rotation-control member140along second axis102toward workpiece190. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 24 of the present disclosure, wherein example 24 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 21 to 23, above.

In some examples, second biasing member160is used to move rotation-control member140from the first location to the second location relative to frame110when no external forces are applied between rotation-control member140and frame110. In these examples, to bring rotation-control member140back to the first location relative to frame110second biasing member160is compressed or, more specifically, an external force is applied to rotation-control member140along second axis102toward workpiece190. It should be noted that during this operation, frame110directly or indirectly engages workpiece190.

In some examples, second biasing member160is a spring, such as a compression spring (configured to operate with a compression load), a constant-rate spring, a variable-rate spring, a flat spring, a machined spring, a serpentine spring, a garter spring, a cantilever spring, a coil spring or helical spring, and the like.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2I, according to method700, (block740) positioning rotation-control member140at the second location relative to frame110comprises eliminating the external force, applied to rotation-control member140along second axis102toward workpiece190, so that second biasing member160extends and moves frame110and rotation-control member140relative to each other in opposite directions until first roller120and second roller130become frictionally coupled with rotation-control member140. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 25 of the present disclosure, wherein example 25 also includes the subject matter according to example 24, above.

In some examples, second biasing member160is used to move rotation-control member140from the first location to the second location relative to frame110when no external forces are applied between rotation-control member140and frame110. In these examples, eliminating the external force, applied to rotation-control member140along second axis102toward workpiece190, results in second biasing member160extending and moving frame110and rotation-control member140relative to each other in opposite directions. Rotation-control member140is moved until first roller120and second roller130become frictionally coupled with rotation-control member140. At this point, rotation-control member140is at the second location and first roller120and second roller130are no longer able to rotate.

In some examples, second biasing member160is a spring, positioned between rotation-control member140and frame110. More specifically, second biasing member160is a spring, such as a tension spring (configured to operate with a tension load), a compression spring (configured to operate with a compression load), a constant spring, a variable spring, a variable stiffness spring, a flat spring, a machined spring, a serpentine spring, a garter spring, a cantilever spring, a coil spring or helical spring, and the like.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A and 2B, according to method700, (block720) positioning rotation-control member140at the first location relative to frame110comprises (block724) terminating the direct contact between rotation-control member140and each of first roller120and second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 26 of the present disclosure, wherein example 26 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 21 to 25, above.

When rotation-control member140is at the second location, rotation-control member140directly contacts first roller120and second roller130or directly contacts first biasing member150. In either case, rotation-control member140is frictionally coupled to first roller120and second roller130thereby preventing first roller120and second roller130from rotating. Positioning rotation-control member140at the first location relative to frame110severs this frictional coupling. More specifically, positioning rotation-control member140at the first location terminates the direct contact between rotation-control member140and each of first roller120and second roller130or terminates the direct contact between rotation-control member140and first biasing member150.

In some examples, terminating the direct contact between rotation-control member140and each of first roller120and second roller130or terminating the direct contact between rotation-control member140and first biasing member150involves applying a force to rotation-control member140relative to frame110.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I and 3, according to method700, first biasing member150has an open shape and comprises first end155and second end156. First end155of first biasing member150is attached to frame110at first attachment point118. Second end156is attached to frame110at second attachment point119, spaced away from first attachment point118such that a virtual plane, containing second axis102and perpendicular to first axis101, is between first attachment point118and second attachment point119. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 27 of the present disclosure, wherein example 27 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 21 to 26, above.

When first biasing member150has an open shape and first end155and second end156of first biasing member150is attached to frame110, first biasing member150is not compressed between rotation-control member140and each of first roller120and second roller130during operation of apparatus100. Furthermore, first biasing member150is not compressed between workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130during operation of apparatus100. This lack of compression allows more precisely controlled stretching of first biasing member150. As noted above, stretching of first biasing member150controls the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190.

For example, first biasing member150is a stretchable belt. First end155is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to frame110at first attachment point118. Similarly, second end156is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to frame110at second attachment point119. When first biasing member150is attached to frame110(rather than to first roller120and/or second roller130), the rotation of first roller120and second roller130changes the position of first biasing member150and does not stretch first biasing member150.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, according to method700, first biasing member150is in tension between first attachment point118and second attachment point119. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 28 of the present disclosure, wherein example 28 also includes the subject matter according to example 27, above.

Keeping first biasing member150in tension even before workpiece190is introduced between first roller120and second roller130allows increasing the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. It should be noted that this pressure depends, at least in part, on the level of stretching of first biasing member150.

In some examples, the initial stretching (pre-stretching) of first biasing member150is at least 10% of the initial unstretched length of first biasing member150or, more specifically, at least 25% or even at least 50%. It should be noted that first biasing member150is further stretches, besides the initial tension when first biasing member150extends along first axis101, as shown inFIGS. 2E-2H, when workpiece190contacts first biasing member150.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, according to method700, prior to (block730) moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, first biasing member150is straight. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 29 of the present disclosure, wherein example 29 also includes the subject matter according to example 28, above.

First biasing member150being straight ensures that first biasing member150in tension even before workpiece190is introduced between first roller120and second roller130allows increasing the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. It should be noted that this pressure depends, at least in part, on the level of stretching of first biasing member150.

In some examples, the initial stretching (pre-stretching) of first biasing member150is at least 10% of the initial unstretched length of first biasing member150or, more specifically, at least 25% or even at least 50%. It should be noted that first biasing member150is further stretches, besides the initial tension when first biasing member150extends along first axis101, as shown inFIG. 3A, when workpiece190contacts first biasing member150.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, according to method700, second distance D4between first attachment point118and second attachment point119is greater than first distance D1between first pivot axis125of first roller120and second pivot axis135of second roller130. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 30 of the present disclosure, wherein example 30 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 27 to 29, above.

Second distance D4between first attachment point118and second attachment point119determines the length of first biasing member150. Furthermore, second distance D4determined the stretching rate of first biasing member150after workpiece190comes into contact with workpiece190and while workpiece190moves along second axis102. A larger value of second distance D4provides a smaller stretching rate and more gradual increase of the pressure, applied to at least a portion of edge surface192. Furthermore, a larger value of second distance D4corresponds to larger angles between first straight portion181and engagement portion161and, separately, between second straight portion182and engagement portion161. As such, transitions between edge surface192and each of bridges opposing faces194is not overly compressed by first biasing member150.

In some examples, first end155of first biasing member150is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to first attachment point118. In the same or other examples, second end156of first biasing member150is crimped, glued, or otherwise attached to second attachment point119.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2C and 2E-2H, according to method700, (block730) moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, comprises contacting at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190with engagement portion161of first biasing member150such that engagement portion161conforms and applies the pressure to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 31 of the present disclosure, wherein example 31 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 27 to 30, above.

Engagement portion161is flexible and conforms to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. This conformity ensures that the pressure is applied uniformly to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190.

In some examples, engagement portion161contacts only a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190. Alternatively, engagement portion161contacts only edge surface192of workpiece190in its entirety.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2E-2I, according to method700, engagement portion161of first biasing member150interconnects first straight portion181and second straight portion182of first biasing member150. First straight portion181of first biasing member150comprises first end155of first biasing member150, attached to frame110at first attachment point118. Second straight portion182of first biasing member150comprises second end156of first biasing member150, attached to frame110at second attachment point119. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 32 of the present disclosure, wherein example 32 also includes the subject matter according to example 31, above.

Engagement portion161is pulled down along second axis102by first straight portion181and second straight portion182, both of which are attached to frame110. The tension in first straight portion181and second straight portion182determines the level of pressure, applied to at least the portion of edge surface192of workpiece190.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2E, 2G, and 2I, according to method700, (block730) moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, further comprises compressing and elastically deforming at least one of first roller120or second roller130against workpiece190. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 33 of the present disclosure, wherein example 33 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 21 to 32, above.

In some examples, gap width D2of the gap between first roller120and second roller130is less than width D5of workpiece190. As such, when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller at least one of first roller120or second roller130compresses. This compression creates the friction between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130thereby establishing frictional coupling between workpiece190and each of first roller120and second roller130.

In the same or other examples, at least a portion of first roller120(e.g., forming first outer cylindrical surface122of first roller120) and/or at least a portion of second roller130(e.g., forming second outer cylindrical surface132of second roller130) is formed from a compressible material, such as an elastomer (e.g., natural rubber, synthetic rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, chloroprene rubber, EVA rubber, and the like).

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, according to method700, frame110is fixed relative to workpiece190while rotation-control member140is positioned at the second location. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 34 of the present disclosure, wherein example 34 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 21 to 33, above.

When rotation-control member140is at the second location, first roller120and second roller130are not able to rotate relative to rotation-control member140. Furthermore, when workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130, workpiece190is frictionally coupled to each of first roller120and second roller130and can only change position within apparatus100when first roller120and second roller130rotate. Therefore, without first roller120and second roller130being able to rotate, workpiece190remains stationary within apparatus100and in particular, relative to frame110.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2D, according to method700, frame110comprises channel112, extending along and longitudinally centered on second axis102, which is perpendicular to first axis101. Moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, comprises advancing edge surface192of workpiece190into channel112. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 35 of the present disclosure, wherein example 35 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 21 to 34, above.

When workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130and moved relative to apparatus100, workpiece190protrudes into channel112. In some examples, channel112is used for alignment of workpiece190within apparatus100and, more specifically, relative to first biasing member150.

In some examples, channel112is aligned relatively to the gap between first roller120and second roller130along second axis102such that both are centered along second axis102. This axial centering of channel112and the gap ensures that workpiece190protrudes into channel112without interference from frame110and ensures the alignment of workpiece190.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2E and 2F, according to method700, channel112comprises channel surface114, extending parallel to first axis101. Moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, is performed until first biasing member150contacts channel surface114. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 36 of the present disclosure, wherein example 36 also includes the subject matter according to example 35, above.

Channel surface114is operable as a positive stop when workpiece190protrudes between and past first roller120and second roller130and into channel112. Furthermore, in some examples, channel surface114conforms to at least a portion of edge surface192of workpiece190and is used for alignment of workpiece190in channel112.

The position of channel surface114relative to first axis101also determined the depth of channel112and how far workpiece190is able to protrude between first roller120and second roller130and stretch first biasing member150. This, in turn, determined the pressure, applied to at least the portion of edge surface192.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2E-2H, according to method700, channel surface114is conformal to edge surface192of workpiece190. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 37 of the present disclosure, wherein example 37 also includes the subject matter according to example 36, above.

When workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130and contacts first biasing member150, pressure is applied to edge surface192of workpiece190by first biasing member150. At least some of this pressure is provided to engagement portion161of first biasing member150, which contacts edge surface192, by other parts of first biasing member150, which support engagement portion161. However, when workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130such that first biasing member150contacts channel surface114, additional pressure is provided by channel surface114. In other words, first biasing member150simply transfers this additional pressure from channel surface114to edge surface192by being positioned and squeezed between channel surface114and edge surface192. The conformity of channel surface114to edge surface192ensures that this additional pressure is uniform. It should be noted that first biasing member150is flexible and able to conform to edge surface192.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I, channel112further comprises first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115, parallel to each other and to second axis102. According to method700, (block730) moving apparatus100and workpiece190relative to each other, such that workpiece190is received between first roller120and second roller130, comprises (block732) guiding opposing faces194of workpiece190between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 38 of the present disclosure, wherein example 38 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 35 to 37, above.

First side channel surface113and second side channel surface115are used for alignment of workpiece190within channel112. Specifically, when workpiece190slides within channel112along second axis102, first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115slide relative to and contact opposing faces194of workpiece190while preserving the orientation of workpiece190relative to second axis102.

In some examples, channel width D3is slightly greater than workpiece width D5providing slidable engagement between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. First side channel surface113and second side channel surface115have a minimal surface roughness to ensure sliding.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I, according to method700, (block732) guiding opposing faces194of workpiece190between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115comprises receiving opposing faces194of workpiece190between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115with a clearance fit. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 39 of the present disclosure, wherein example 39 also includes the subject matter according to example 38, above.

The clearance fit between opposing faces194of workpiece190between first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115ensures that workpiece190is able to slide relative to frame110along second axis102. Furthermore, the clearance fit ensures that the orientation of workpiece190and second axis102of apparatus100is maintained.

In some examples, channel width D3is slightly greater than workpiece width D5providing slidable engagement between opposing faces194of workpiece190and each of first side channel surface113and second side channel surface115. First side channel surface113and second side channel surface115have a minimal surface roughness to ensure sliding.

Referring generally toFIG. 4and particularly to, e.g.,FIGS. 2A-2I, according to method700, a minimum distance between first roller120and second roller130is defined by a gap extending along first axis101. Second axis102bisects the gap between first roller120and second roller130into two equal parts. Channel112has channel width D3, which is constant along channel112. The gap between first roller120and second roller130has gap width D2, which is smaller than channel width D3. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 40 of the present disclosure, wherein example 40 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 35 to 39, above.

When workpiece190is inserted between first roller120and second roller130, workpiece190protrudes into channel112. In some examples, channel112is used for alignment of workpiece190within apparatus100and, more specifically, relative to first biasing member150. Channel112is aligned relatively to the gap between first roller120and second roller130along second axis102such that both are centered along second axis102. This axial centering of channel112and the gap ensures that workpiece190protrudes into channel112without interference from frame110and ensures the alignment of workpiece190.

Gap width D2being smaller than channel width D3is used for alignment of workpiece190in channel112or, more specifically, when workpiece190protrudes between and past first roller120and second roller130and into channel112. Channel112effectively aligns and centers workpiece190along second axis102. At the same time, workpiece190forms frictional coupling with first roller120and second roller130and this frictional coupling remains while workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130.

It should be noted that in some examples, at least one of first roller120and second roller130compress when workpiece190protrudes between first roller120and second roller130. In other words, gap width D2of the gap between first roller120and second roller130can increase.

Examples of the present disclosure may be described in the context of aircraft manufacturing and service method1100, as shown inFIG. 5, and aircraft1102, as shown inFIG. 6. During pre-production, illustrative method1100may include specification and design (block1104) of aircraft1102and material procurement (block1106). During production, component and subassembly manufacturing (block1108) and system integration (block1110) of aircraft1102may take place. Thereafter, aircraft1102may go through certification and delivery (block1112) to be placed in service (block1114). While in service, aircraft1102may be scheduled for routine maintenance and service (block1116). Routine maintenance and service may include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, etc. of one or more systems of aircraft1102.

As shown in FIG.6, aircraft1102produced by illustrative method1100may include airframe1118with a plurality of high-level systems1120and interior1122. Examples of high-level systems1120include one or more of propulsion system1124, electrical system1126, hydraulic system1128, and environmental system1130. Any number of other systems may be included. Although an aerospace example is shown, the principles disclosed herein may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry. Accordingly, in addition to aircraft1102, the principles disclosed herein may apply to other vehicles, e.g., land vehicles, marine vehicles, space vehicles, etc.

Apparatus(es) and methods) shown or described herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the manufacturing and service method1100. For example, components or subassemblies corresponding to component and subassembly manufacturing (block1108) may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while aircraft1102is in service (block1114). Also, one or more examples of the apparatus(es), method(s), or combination thereof may be utilized during production stages1108and1110, for example, by substantially expediting assembly of or reducing the cost of aircraft1102. Similarly, one or more examples of the apparatus or method realizations, or a combination thereof, may be utilized, for example and without limitation, while aircraft1102is in service (block1114) and/or during maintenance and service (block1116).

Many modifications of examples set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings.