One-cylinder, two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase scavenging

A two-stroke internal combustion engine of the crankcase scavenging type, in which a nozzle connected to a lubricant feed line is provided in the intake passage for picking up oil from a lubricant reservoir via a partial vacuum. For simple and sufficient lubrication and cooling of the crank gear in accordance with the respective requirements of the engine, the nozzle (62) is positioned in the area of the smallest cross-section of a Venturi-tube-like part (60) of the intake passage, and an injection pump (54) is provided for fuel delivery, which eliminates the need for an oil pump.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine of the 
crankcase scavenging type whose air intake passage is furnished with a 
nozzle connected to a lubricant feed line, which nozzle draws in 
lubricating oil from a lubricant reservoir by means of partial vacuum. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
A combustion engine of the noted type is shown in DE-AS 1,244,472. It has a 
carburetor which is provided with a pre-vaporizer mounted co-axially in 
the intake passage, into which vaporizer open both a feed pipe for the 
fuel/air mixture and a feed pipe for the lubricating oil. This known 
engine, however, has the disadvantage that the lubricating oil must be of 
extremely low viscosity. Besides, if the engine is operated at low 
temperatures, vaporization of the lubricating oil is not always 
satisfactory, which may cause severe damage to the engine due to 
lubrication failure. 
Another two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase scavenging is 
described in DE-PS 949 855, with an oiler feeder pump delivering the 
lubricating oil from a supply tank to a nozzle positioned in the intake 
passage at a distance from a Venturi tube. With this known type of engine 
the lubricating oil is not drawn in by suction, but is delivered to the 
lubricating nozzle under pressure. The drawback of this solution is the 
complex mechanism needed for controlling and pressurizing the lubricant, 
i.e., control of the lubricant has to be effected together with the 
control of the fuel flow. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Based on an engine of the afore-mentioned type it is the main object of the 
present invention to offer a safe and mechanically simple method of 
lubricating and cooling the moving parts of the crank mechanism, in which 
the amount of lubricant delivered to the crankcase is geared to the 
specific requirements of the engine in order to avoid excess use of the 
lubricant. 
According to the invention this is achieved by placing the nozzle in the 
narrowest part of the intake passage configured as a Venturi tube, and by 
providing a conventional injection pump for the delivery of fuel. As the 
nozzle for the lubricant is positioned in the narrowest part of the 
Venturi tube-type passage, the suction effect is strong enough to ensure 
satisfactory results without the use of an oil pump, which will simplify 
the design from a mechanical point of view. Besides, this design will 
ensure careful metering of the lubricant supply in accordance with the 
respective requirements of the engine -- essentially speed-dependent --, 
since the vacuum in the Venturi tube-type passage which directly controls 
the amount of lubricant delivered through the nozzle opening, will depend 
among others on the flow rate of the intake air and thus on the numbers of 
revolutions of the engine. 
In a further development of the invention the nozzle opening may be placed, 
at least approximately, in the center of the smallest cross-section of the 
intake passage, pointing in the direction of flow, which will further 
improve the discharge and dispersing of the lubricant in the inflowing 
intake air. 
In a preferred from of the invention of an internal combustion engine 
designed as a diesel engine, the lubricant feed line, or rather the 
reservoir, may communicate with the engine fuel tank by a connecting line. 
In this way no separate storage tank is needed for the lubricating medium, 
since the lubricating effect of the diesel fuel will be sufficient. By the 
addition of vaporized diesel fuel to the intake air the lubricant mist in 
the crankcase is continuously renewed, which will help maintain the 
lubricating efficiency. 
In this context it will be of advantage if the amount of fuel added as a 
lubricant to the intake air is kept smaller than that required for the 
idle state of the engine, by suitably matching the difference in diameter 
in the Venturi tube-type passage and the diameter of the nozzle opening, 
since this will eliminate the need for additional provisions for turning 
off the engine. If no maximum were established for the amount of fuel to 
be added to the intake air as a lubricant, the engine might continue to 
run on the amount of fuel added to the intake air even after the ordinary 
fuel supply has been shut off; this could be prevented, however, by 
providing suitable shut-off valves in the lubricant feed line. 
In a preferred development the nozzle unit, or rather the section of the 
intake passage configured as a Venturi tube, may be designed as a separate 
part of light alloy or plastic produced by tranfer of injection molding, 
which may be furnished with a check valve or flap. This very simple 
configuration will permit a favorable shaping of the passage, the addition 
of a check valve in this separate area, which prevents the intake air from 
escaping from the crankcase on the downward stroke of the piston, i.e., as 
it compresses the contents of the crankcase, saving further space. 
A particularly favorable variant of the invention provides that the passage 
configured as a Venturi tube consists of two essentially identical halves 
which are joined in a center plane containing the axis of the passage, and 
that the lubricant feed lines contained in this area be situated in this 
plane, as this arrangement permits simple and economic manufacturing. 
In another variant of the invention, in which the crankshaft is supported 
on one side only (side-crank), the separate section of the intake passage 
is closely fitted into an opening in the part of the crankcase opposite 
the crankshaft bearings, concentrically to the crankshaft axis, and is 
directly surrounded by the air filter, which will permit utilization of 
the space available because of the side-crank system used, and will result 
in a particularly compact design. 
The lubricant feed line in the crankcase may have a bore ending in the 
opening for the separate section of the intake passage, which bore 
communicates with the feed lines towards the nozzle opening in the 
inserted intake passage via an annular groove, which will simplify 
assembly and eliminate problems caused by a turning of the Venturi-type 
passage in the opening on the crankcase. 
In yet another preferred variant of the invention the lubricant reservoir 
may be located in a separate chamber of the crankcase which also contains 
the one-sided crankshaft bearings and, possibly, the cam-controls of an 
injection pump, as well as a splash lubricator which is actuated by the 
rotating crankshaft, e.g., a loop belt. By means of this splash lubricator 
lubrication of the main crankshaft bearings -- which are situated outside 
the crankcase in this arrangement -- is guaranteed in a simple manner, 
without the use of additional bores, feed lines, etc.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The port-controlled, two-stroke internal combustion engine with fuel 
injection, preferably a diesel engine, has a crankcase 1 consisting of 
parts 1' and 1", the plane of partition 6 running normal to the crankshaft 
axis 3 and through the longitudinal center planes of the connecting rod 
bearings at the piston pin 4 and the crank pin 5. Parts 1' and 1" of the 
crankcase are screwed together by a large number of screws 7 fastened in 
part 1" and passing through 1'. Part 1' forms a chamber serving as a 
lubricant reservoir 8 whose oil level 9 is maintained constant by 
conventional devices, such as a float 69', etc. On the power output side 
the chamber 8 is closed by the bearing plate 11 which is fastened with 
screws 10 to part 1' of the crankcase. 
The crankshaft 12 is supported on one side in part 1' of crankcase and in 
the bearing plate 11 by ball bearings 13 and 14 (main bearings). The free 
end of the crankshaft 12 carries the counter weight 15 whose thickened rim 
or bulge 15' partly extends behind the ball bearing 13. The contours 16 of 
the counterweight 15 as well as the contours 17 and 18 of the bulge 15' 
are concentric with the crankshaft 12. A counterweight passes part 1' of 
the crankcase, the distance between these contours and the corresponding 
walls 19 and 20 of part 1' are kept as small as is technically possible. 
In the direction of the crankshaft axis 3 the counterweight 15 is 
continued by the crankpin 21, one side of which is connected to the 
crankshaft 12 by means of the crank 22. Via the corresponding bearing 21', 
the crankpin 21 is connected to the piston 24 by means of the one-piece 
connecting rod 23 via the piston pin 25 held in eyes 30' on the piston 24. 
The shaft 23' of the connecting rod 23 is eccentric relative to the piston 
or cylinder axis 26, i.e., displaced away from the crankshaft bearing 13. 
The outer contours 27 of the eye 28 of the crankpin bearing and the outer 
contour 29 of the eye 30 of the the piston pin bearing of the connecting 
rod 23 are concentric with bearing axes. 
On the side of the counterweight 15 the body 24' of the piston 24 has 
recesses 31 into which the counterweight 15 enters with an minimum of play 
in its position near the bottom dead center. The counterweight 15, or 
rather the crank 22, has a groove 32 concentric with the axis of the 
crankpin 21, providing space for the eye 28 of the crankpin bearing. With 
these measures it is possible to keep wasted space at a minimum. 
The piston 24 slides in the cylinder liner 33 which is combined in one 
piece with cylinder head 35 carrying cooling ribs 34. This cylinder 
head/cylinder linear unit is held tightly between parts 1' and 1" of the 
crankcase, for which purpose the cylinder linear 33 has a flange 36' along 
its circumference. The gap separating the cylinder head 35 and the 
crankcase 1 is marked 35'. 
The cylinder liner 33 has intake ports 36 for the air compressed in the 
crankcase interior 40, and exhaust ports 37 for the combustion gases, both 
of which are controlled by the piston 24. In the area 33' of the cylinder 
liner 33 there are no scavenge ports because of the recesses 31 in the 
piston body 24'. The intake ports 36 are fed from a chamber 38 which in 
turn communicates with the crankcase interior 40 by way of the scavenge 
passages 39 provided at least in part 1' of the crankcase in the area of 
the partition plane 6. In addition to other advantages, this particular 
configuration of the scavenge passages 39 permits the use of coreless 
molding techniques for manufacture. Via an exhaust passage 41 the exhaust 
ports 37 communicate with the sound-absorbing exhaust unit 42, which in 
its turn is fastened to part 1' of the crankcase by screws 43 and is 
provided with the exhaust stub 44. 
On the power output side a radiator fan 45 is provided which is fastened to 
the crankshaft 12 by means of the main screw 46. The cooling air is 
transported to the cooling ribs 34 through a connecting pipe 47, for which 
purpose the ribs 34 are provided with a jacket which is constituted by a 
cover 48 and the inner wall 49 of the fuel tank 50. 
Fuel is fed into the combustion chamber 51 located in the piston 24 from 
the nozzle 52 via the injection line 53 connected to the injection pump 54 
(not shown in detail in the drawing). In the separate chamber 54' of the 
crankcase 1 formed by the main crankshaft bearings 13 and 14, the cam 55 
for the injection pump is mounted on the camshaft 12 to which it is 
rigidly attached. Lubrication of the injection cam 55 and the main 
bearings 13, 14 is effected by an oil mist which is generated by an 
endless loop 56 of flexible material extending below the fuel level 9, 
being borne and driven by the crankshaft 12. 
Lubrication of the drive mechanism is effected via a nozzle unit 57 which 
is fed with fuel acting as a lubricant through the angled lubricant feed 
line 58. The nozzle unit 57 also is in connection with the intake air 
coming in through the air filter 59. Part 1" of the crankcase has a 
cylindrical opening 67 coaxial with the crankshaft axis 3 into which is 
inserted part 60 of the intake passage which is configured as a Venturi 
tube. Part 60 consists of two identical halves 60' whose seam is in a 
center plane 66 containing the axis 64 of the intake passage. Preferably, 
these halves 60' are plastic moldings which are bonded. 
The center plane of partition 66 contains lubricant feed lines 65, 
identically configured as open grooves in both halves, which form closed 
pipes after the two halves 60' have been bonded. The feed lines 65 are fed 
from an annular groove 68 which is covered by the wall of the cylindrical 
opening 67 and which communicates with the lubricant reservoir 8 via the 
lubricant feed line 58 and a connecting line 70', the latter containing a 
float 69'. In the area of the smallest cross-section 61 of part 60 of the 
intake passage a nozzle 62 pointing in the same direction as axis 64 is 
mounted in a cross-rib 69, the nozzle opening being marked 62'. At the end 
of part 60 opposite the nozzle 62 are located the two front walls 70, 71 
provided with openings, between which walls is positioned a check-value 
63, e.g., configured as a movable disk of sheet metal. From the moving 
space 72 of the check-valve 63, which is bounded by the two front walls 
70, 71, a circumferential slit 73 opens into the crankcase interior 40. In 
this way the check-valve 63 is pressed against the front wall 70 on the 
intake stroke, and the intake air may flow freely into the crankcase 
through the slit 73. On the compression stroke, however, the check-valve 
63 is pressed against the front wall 71, which will prevent the intake air 
from flowing back. 
During each intake stroke a partial vacuum is created at the nozzle opening 
62' situated in the area of the smallest cross-section 61 of part 60 of 
the intake passage, which is configured as a Venturi tube, by which vacuum 
a metered quantity of lubricant is sucked in through the nozzle 62. The 
vaporized lubricant mixes with the intake air to form a dispersion, and 
enters the crankcase interior 40 where it lubricates all the moving parts. 
The level 9 in the lubricant reservoir 8 is maintained constant by 
conventional means supplying fuel from the fuel tank 50 as required. The 
amount of fuel thus added to the intake air as a lubricant is kept smaller 
than that required for the idle state of the engine by adjusting the 
difference in diameter in the Venturi tube and the diameter of the nozzle 
opening 62'.