Apparatus for controlling energization of glow plugs

An apparatus for controlling energization of quick-heating glow plugs in an internal combustion engine comprises a power supply, a main relay having a normally open contact, a transfer-type changeover terminal having a neutral terminal, a normally closed terminal connected to ground, and a normally open contact connected to the power supply, a plurality of pairs of glow plugs, the glow plugs having one terminals connected through the normally open contact to the power supply, the glow plugs in each pair having one of other terminals grounded and the other terminal connected to the neutral contact, and a control circuit for controlling the main and changeover relays to connect the glow plugs in each pair selectively in series or parallel to each other with respect to the power supply.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling energization 
of glow plugs used in starting internal combustion engines such as diesel 
engines. 
For starting an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, the 
glow plugs are preheated by passing an electric current therethrough. It 
is preferable to preheat the glow plugs in as short a period of time as 
possible by speeding up the rate of increase of the temperature of the 
glow plugs. To meet such a demand, there has been proposed to use 
quick-heating glow plugs and two relays for the control of energization of 
the glow plugs, as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model 
Publication No. 56157383. According to the disclosed system, the glow 
plugs are quickly heated up to a predetermined temperature by a large 
current supplied from the first relay, and then the glow plugs are 
supplied with a small surrent from the second relay through a current 
limiting resistor to keep the temperature of the glow plugs at a desired 
level. 
However, the current limiting resistor causes a wasteful consumption of 
electric power when the current is supplied from the second relay to the 
glow plugs. When the glow plugs are frequently used to provide a so-called 
"afterglow" after the engine has been started, or the glow plugs are 
energized for a long period of time, the current limiting resistor 
consumes as much electric power as the glow plugs do. This shortens the 
service life of the battery used, and is problematic from the standpoint 
of saving electric energy and natural resources. 
Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model Publication No. 54-42827 discloses a glow 
plug control system free of the foregoing difficulty. This prior control 
system includes a circuit for controlling an electric current fed to glow 
plugs, the circuit having relays operable for selectively connecting at 
least two glow plugs in series with or parallel to each other. The known 
relay-controlled system is costly to construct since it requires at least 
four relay contacts to cause the direction of a current flowing through 
each the glow plugs to remain unchanged before and after the glow plug 
connection is varied. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for 
controlling energization of glow plugs which includes a relay having a 
minimum number of relay contacts for selectively connecting at least two 
glow plugs in series with or parallel to each other with respect to the 
power supply and disconnecting the glow plugs, and which is practically 
advantageous in that it is inexpensive to construct, compact in size, and 
will operate reliably. 
According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for 
controlling energization of quick-heating glow plugs in an internal 
combustion engine, comprising a power supply, a main relay having a 
normally open contact, a transfer-type changeover terminal having a 
neutral terminal, a normally closed terminal connected to ground, and a 
normally open contact connected to the power supply, a plurality of pairs 
of glow plugs, the glow plugs having one terminals connected through the 
normally open contact to the power supply, the glow plugs in each pair 
having one of other terminals grounded and the other terminal connected to 
the neutral contact, and a control circuit for controlling the main and 
changeover relays to connect the glow plugs in each pair selectively in 
series or parallel to each other with respect to the power supply. 
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present 
invention will become more apparent from the following description when 
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which a preferred 
embodiment of the present invention is shown by way of illustrative 
example.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
As shown in FIG. 1, glow plugs 1, 2 with their terminals insulated and glow 
plugs 3, 4 with one terminals grounded are mounted in a precombustion 
chamber in a diesel engine. The glow plugs 3, 4 may have all of their 
terminals insulated. The glow plugs 1, 3 are connected to each other as 
one pair, and the glow plugs 2, 4 are interconnected as another pair. 
These two pairs of glow plugs are coupled with each other through a 
junction 12 which is connected through a normally open contact 6 of a main 
relay 5 to a battery B. The terminals of the glow plugs 3, 4 which are 
remote from the junction 12 are grounded (they are grounded at the same 
time that they are mounted on the engine). The terminals of the glow plugs 
1, 2 which are remote from the junction 12 are connected to a neutral 
terminal 8 of a transfer relay 7. The transfer relay 7 has a normally 
closed contact 9 connected to ground and a normally open contact 10 
connected to the battery B. A key switch A of the engine has a turn-on 
switch ON and a start switch ST. The main relay 5 and the transfer relay 7 
are controlled by a control circuit 11. 
The control circuit 11 includes a preheating timer T.sub.1 to which there 
is applied a glow plug voltage V.sub.C at the junction 12 between the glow 
plugs 1, 3 and the glow plugs 2, 4 for setting a timer time interval 
dependent on the voltage Vc. The preheating timer T1 has an output 
terminal coupled to the main relay 5, which is energized as long as the 
preheating timer T.sub.1 is actuated for closing the normally open contact 
6. The control circuit 11 also has voltage comparators V.sub.C1, V.sub.C2. 
The voltage comparator V.sub.C1 issues a signal of a logic high level when 
the voltage V.sub.C (hereinafter referred to as a "intermediate junction 
voltage") at the junction 12 is below a predetermined voltage V.sub.1, and 
issues a signal of a logic low level when the intermediate junction 
voltage V.sub.C exceeds the predetermined voltage V.sub.1. The output from 
the voltage converter V.sub.C1 is applied to an AND gate AND.sub.1. The 
voltage comparator V.sub.C2 issues a signal of a logic high level when the 
intermediate junction voltage V.sub.C exceeds a voltage V.sub.2 having a 
predetermined ratio with respect to a power supply voltage V.sub.D, and 
issues a signal of a logic low level when the intermediate junction 
voltage V.sub.C is equal to or below the voltage V.sub.2. The output from 
the voltage converter V.sub.C2 is applied to the AND gate AND.sub.1. An 
afterglow timer T.sub.2 is turned on in response to a signal from an 
engine regulator L terminal 13 and will be turned off upon elapse of a 
certain interval of time. An output from the afterglow timer T.sub.2 is 
applied through an OR gate OR.sub.1 to an AND gate AND.sub.2. A warmth 
retaining timer T.sub.3 is turned on when the preheating timer T.sub.1 is 
turned off, and turned off when the start terminal ST of the key switch is 
turned off. The AND gate AND.sub.2 is supplied with an output from the AND 
gate AND.sub.1, an output from an inverter INT which inverts the output 
from the preheating timer T.sub.1, and the output from the OR gate 
OR.sub.1. The AND gate AND.sub.2 is applied through an OR gate OR.sub.2 to 
a changeover relay 7 for energizing or deenergizing the same. To the 
output terminal of the preheating timer T.sub.1, there is coupled a delay 
pulse generator 14 for issuing a signal of a logic high level for a short 
interval of time upon elapse of a predetermined short period of time after 
the preheating timer T.sub.1 has been turned off. An output from the delay 
pulse generator 14 is applied through the OR gate OR.sub.2 to the 
changeover relay 7 for actuating the latter. 
Accordingly, the main relay 5 is energized for a period of time t.sub.1 in 
which time the preheating timer T.sub.1 is turned on. The changeover relay 
7 is energized for a period of time in which the main relay 5 remains 
inactivated and the delay pulse generator 1 is kept turned on, or for a 
period of time in which the main relay 5 remains inactivated, the 
intermediate junction voltage V.sub.C falls within a prescribed voltage 
range, and the afterglow timer T.sub.2 or the warmth retaining timer 
T.sub.3 is turned on. 
Operation of the apparatus thus constructed will be described with 
reference to FIG. 2. 
When the key switch A is turned on to connect the turn-on terminal ON, the 
components in the control circuit 11 are supplied with electric power, and 
the preheating timer T.sub.1 is actuated to turn on the main relay 5 only. 
Since one of the terminals of each of the glow plugs 1 through 4 is 
grounded at this time, the glow plugs 1 through 4 are connected in 
parallel to the battery B which supply a large current to these glow plugs 
1 through 4 to heat them quickly. Upon elapse of the energization time 
t.sub.1 of the preheating timer T.sub.1, thereafter, the preheating timer 
T.sub.1 turns off the main relay 5 to complete the quick heating of the 
glow plugs 1-4. At the same time, the output from the inverter INT goes 
high to thereby detect the de-energization of the main relay 5. During 
this time, the voltage comparator circuit composed of the voltage 
comparators V.sub.C1, V.sub.C2 and the AND gate AND.sub.1 produces an 
output signal of a logic low level (which is the same as the output from 
the AND gate AND.sub.1). When the delay pulse generator 14 issues a pulse 
signal for a short period of time upon elapse of the time interval after 
the preheating timer T.sub.1 has been turned off, the changeover relay 7 
is forcibly turned on to close the normally open contact 10 thereof with 
the time delay .tau., whereupon the glow plugs 1, 3 are connected in 
series with each other and the glow plugs 2, 4 are connected in series 
with each other. The glow plugs are then supplied with a small current 
from the battery B. The AND gate AND.sub.1 then issues an output signal of 
a high logic level unless any of the glow plugs is subjected to wire 
breakage or disconnection as described later on. The output signal from 
the AND gate AND.sub.1 continues to be high after the pulse signal from 
the delay pulse generator 14 has been eliminated, and the apparatus now 
enter a warmth retaining mode. This warmth retaining condition continues 
while the start terminal ST of the key switch A is turned on. The outputs 
from the voltage comparators VC.sub.1, VC.sub.2 and the delay pulse 
generator 14 are effective in carrying out changeover operation with the 
time delay .tau., and hence can change over the normally closed contact of 
the transfer relay while no current is being passed. Therefore, the 
normally closed contact of the transfer relay has an improved degree of 
durability. 
When the key switch A is shifted from the start terminal ST to the turn-on 
terminal ON after the engine has been started, the warmth retaining timer 
T.sub.3 is turned off. Since at this time the signal at the engine 
regulator L terminal 13 is already high in level because the engine has 
started, the afterglow timer T.sub.2 is turned on, and the OR gate 
OR.sub.1 continues to produce its high output signal. As long as the 
comparators V.sub.C1, V.sub.C2 issues high output signals, the changeover 
relay 7 remains actuated to allow the small current to flow through the 
series-connected glow plugs 1, 3 and 2, 4. The apparatus is in the 
afterglow mode to stabilize engine rotation and reduce the exhaust smoke 
immediately after the engine has been started until the time set by the 
afterglow timer T.sub.2 elapses. The operation time of the afterglow timer 
T.sub.2 may be controlled by a signal from a sensor for detecting the 
temperature of engine cooling water. 
While the glow plugs 1, 3 and 2, 4 are connected in series and supplied 
with the small current, the comparator V.sub.C1 detects the intermediate 
junction voltage V.sub.C and compares the same with the predetermined 
voltage V.sub.1. If any one of the glow plugs 3, 4 is disconnected or cut 
off due to wire breakage, or the power supply voltage is increased up to 
an undue level, then the glow plugs 3, 4 are subjected to an excessive 
voltage. The comparator V.sub.C1 then detects such an excessive voltage to 
turn off the changeover relay 7 forcibly, thereby preventing the remaining 
glow plugs from being overheated or disconnected due to wire breakage. 
Thus, the comparator V.sub.C1 serves as a protective circuit for the glow 
plugs. The comparator V.sub.C2 detects when the intermediate junction 
voltage V.sub.C is below the voltage V.sub.2 having a predetermined ratio 
to the power supply voltage V.sub.D, for example, a ratio of (V.sub.D 
.times.1/2-.alpha.) for a four-cylinder engine. More specifically, where 
the glow plugs 1, 2, 3, 4 have equal resistance characteristics R.sub.G, 
the intermedinate junction voltage V.sub.C when both the glow plugs 1, 2 
are in normal operation is expressed by: 
##EQU1## 
When one of the glow plugs 1 undergoes a wire breakage, hte intermediate 
junction voltage V.sub.C is expressed as follows: 
##EQU2## 
Thus, the intermediate junction voltage becomes lower than when the glow 
plugs are normally operated. The comparator V.sub.C2 detects such a 
voltage drop to turn off the changeover relay 7 forcibly. Accordingly, the 
comparator V.sub.C2 also serves as a protective circuit for protecting the 
remaining glow plugs against overheating or wire breakage due to an 
excessive voltage applied. The problem of turning off the changeover relay 
7 due to a reduction of the voltage V.sub.C caused by engine cranking or a 
voltage drop in the battery B is avoided by detecting the power supply 
voltage V.sub.D and using a reference voltage derived from the power 
supply voltage V.sub.D at a voltage division ratio corresponding to the 
ratio of a voltage drop at the time of wire breakage of the glow plugs. 
The comparators V.sub.C1, V.sub.C2 issue high output signals as long as the 
glow plug voltage or intermediate junction voltage V.sub.C has a normal 
value between the voltage settings V.sub.1, V.sub.2 as shown in FIG. 2. 
With the arrangement of the present invention, as described above, the 
apparatus for controlling energization of quick-heating glow plugs in a 
diesel engine includes a main relay having a normally open contact through 
which a plurality of pairs of glow plugs with one terminals interconnected 
in each pair are connected to a power supply. One of the other terminals 
of the glow plugs in each pair is connected to ground, while the other one 
is connected to a neutral terminal of a transfer-type changeover relay 
having a normally closed contact connected to ground. The changeover relay 
has a normally open contact connected to the power supply. The glow plugs 
are selectively connected in series with or parallel to each other with 
respect to the power supply under the control of a control circuit for the 
main and changeover relays. The control apparatus is highly efficient in 
that it is free of wasteful power consumption which would otherwise 
results from the use of a conventional current limiting resistor in 
combination with the glow plugs. The control apparatus can therefore 
increase the useful service life of the battery used for powering the glow 
plugs and provide an afterglow effect for a long period of time. 
The glow plugs are connected to the power supply through the normally open 
relay contact (the glow plugs are normally disconnected from the power 
supply). The glow plugs can be selectively connected in series or parallel 
through the control of energization of the changeover relay by a minimum 
number of relay contacts thereof. Accordingly, the control apparatus is 
reliable in operation, compact in size, and highly durable in operation. 
The apparatus is inexpensive to construct where glow plugs with both 
terminals insulated and glow plugs with one terminals grounded are 
employed in combination. 
Although a certain preferred embodiment has been shown and described, it 
should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made 
therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.