CCD array memory device having dual, independent clocks of differing speeds

The present invention provides a memory device for preventing data circulating on a plural number of linear CCD array from being corrupted, for accessing data at a high speed, and for reducing the device's electric power consumption. A memory device according to this invention downsizes a block of a memory cell by circulating data on a plural number of linear CCD arrays which are for storing data by an electric charge on a cell and keeping analog data, which sets a clock generation means for circulating data on all arrays and another clock generation means for circulating at a high speed only the array loops having necessary data.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a memory device, especially to a memory 
device which is effective for storing analog data or multilevel digital 
data. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The digital computer is so commonly used as a programmable computer because 
the size and the capacity of digital memory components have rapidly become 
small and large, respectively, in comparison to analog memories. But 
recently, it is close to the limit to produce higher density of digital 
LSI. Conventionally, the scale of a memory circuit is large and the 
process of production is complicated in order to realize a memory in an 
analog or in a multilevel architecture. 
A method for downsizing a block of memory cell storing analog data by means 
of the circulation of data on a plural number of linear CCD arrays in 
order to solve the aforementioned problem has been developed; however, 
this method is problematic because data is worse when the CCD circulation 
speed is slower, and electric power consumption necessarily increases when 
the circulation speed is increased to prevent the data from getting worse 
and to facilitate accessing the circulating data at a high speed. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art 
and has an object of providing a memory device for preventing data 
circulating on a plural number of linear CCD array elements from getting 
worse, for accessing data at a high speed, and for reducing the electric 
power consumption of the device. 
A memory device according to the present invention makes it possible to 
prevent data from getting worse, permits accessing data at a high speed 
and reduces the electric power consumption of the device by providing i) a 
clock generation means for circulating data on all arrays by downsizing a 
block of memory cells by means of circulating data on a plural number of 
linear CCD element arrays and keeping analog data, and ii) another clock 
generation means for circulating at a high speed only the array loops 
having necessary data.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a memory device according to the present 
invention is described with reference to the attached drawings. 
FIG. 1 shows the entire circuit of the memory device. It comprises main 
memory 1 and cache memory 2, both of which are composed of CCD arrays. 
In main memory 1, a plural number of looped CCD arrays "L" are connected in 
parallel. The CCD array is connected CCD array CAa by looping. The set of 
CCD array CAa and CAb are expressed by CAa' and CAb', respectively, in 
FIG. 1. CCD array CAa transmits data to the end direction keeping the 
data, and CCD array CAb returns data to the start point keeping the data. 
It means that the CCD array keeps data in the entire circular route and 
has twice as large a storage capacity than a similar device for storing 
data in one way. It is also possible to simplify the circuit by forming 
the return root by a simple conductor. 
In FIG. 2, shaping circuits 3 and 4 are connected to the end points of CCD 
arrays CAa and CAb, respectively. Corrupted data (whose level became poor) 
is restored by the A/D converting function of the shaping circuits. The 
output of shaping circuit 3 is connected to CCD array CAb through two 
inputs of multiplexer 5 and is able to write new data from Din. Branch 
Dout is set on the output of shaping circuit 3. Data can be read from the 
branch Dout. It is shown in FIG. 1 by "DATA". Generally, a CCD has a more 
structure than a cell of a conventional DRAM. The necessary area for the 
storage of one datum is small and analog data can be stored in a cell. 
Therefore it is possible to realize a memory with a larger capacity with a 
CCD device than with a general purpose DRAM. 
Cache memory 2 is a high speed RAM for once storing data to read and write 
from/to main memory 1 (an SRAM is usually used). As shown in FIG. 3, cache 
memory 2 comprises a row address from L1 to Ln of the numbers 
corresponding to each CCD array loop "L". This means that a unit of data 
of all array loops can be simultaneously transmitted from main memory 1 to 
cache memory 2, and vice versa. A high speed of transmission is guaranteed 
by this configuration. 
The data of the CCD array is transmitted by a transmission clock and 
circulates on the loop array. 
The transmission clock for the circulation is set at a level higher than 
the predetermined value so as to prevent data from getting worse. Clock 
signal CLK1 of a relatively low speed is used for usual circulation. When 
accessing data, a high speed clock signal CLK2 is used in order to read 
and write data at a high speed. 
Clock signals CLK1 and CLK2 are generated by independent clock generation 
means, and input to the memory device. The clock signals CLK1 and CLK2 are 
to be selectively input to CCD array CAa and CAb, and selectively input to 
address counter 13 through a multiplexer 14. Clock signals CLK1 is input 
to address counter 6, and controls the address of the data of each CCD 
array when data is transmitted for conventional refresh operations. As 
multiplexer 14 inputs clock signal CLK1 to address counter 13, address 
counter 6 and 13 synchronously count the same number. 
When a CCD array is required to read or write data, clock signal CLK2 is 
input to the CCD array which is transmitted at a high speed. Multiplexer 
14 inputs clock signal CLK2 to address counter 14, and controls address 
counter 13 to only address on the CCD array transmitted in high speed. As 
other CCD arrays are transmitted at a low speed by clock signal CLK1, the 
consumptive electric power is only a fraction of that of whole of the 
memory device. When writing or reading data is completed, the counted 
value by address counters 6 and 13 are compared in comparator 13 and clock 
signal CLK2 is input to address counter 13 until the two values are the 
same. When the two values counted by the both counters are the same, 
multiplexer 14 inputs CLK1 signal instead of signal CLK2 to address 
counter 13 consequently, address counters 6 and 13 return to the 
synchronous count. 
The address of a CCD array is always controlled an address counter. In 
order to verify it, a dummy CCD array loop is set in the main memory 
(shown by "DUMMY" in FIG. 1) and the address of the main memory is 
registered in the array. 
The addresses of multiplexer 7 and selector 8 are designated by inputting 
upper bits from A.sub.23 to A.sub.13 of ADR from outside of the device. As 
these upper bits of the address are simultaneously input to address 
register 9, the address of the data stored in the cache memory can be 
identified by checking the content in the address register. The check is 
executed by comparator 10 which is set by the same number of the addresses 
to be stored ("k", in FIGS. 3 and 4). The lower bits of ADR from A.sub.12 
to A.sub.0 are designated column addresses corresponding to the data of 
each row address. Reading and writing to a cache memory from outside is 
performed with respect to the designated column address. 
When data is read and data does not exist in cache memory 2, it is 
necessary to write the required data in the cache memory after the data of 
transmitted to the end of CAa in main memory 1. Consequently, the address 
counter is input in comparator 11 and it is compared with A.sub.23 to 
A.sub.13. 
When data is written and data does not exist in memory 2, only the column 
address of new data is overwritten on the oldest data in the cache memory, 
the required data in row address is transmitted to the cache memory from 
the main memory with the written address masked, and the composed data is 
back to the main memory. 
The output of comparator 10 and 11 is input to controller 12. A wait signal 
WAIT is output from controller 12 in order to keep the waiting time for 
accessing a cache memory and for bringing data in the case where there is 
no data is in a cache memory. 
As mentioned, the memory device according to the present invention realizes 
the small scale cell by means of storing analog data by circulating data 
on a plural number of linear CCD arrays makes it possible to access the 
memory of high speed by reading and writing data through a cache memory, 
and by registering on an address register the address of the data in the 
cache memory. Therefore, it is possible to realize an analog memory or a 
multivalue memory with a small circuit. Also it is possible to reduce the 
electric power consumption of the device by circulating at a high speed 
only the required data when at a lower necessary, and circulating other 
unnecessary data in speed for preventing the denigration of data.