Computer-controlled muscle exercising machine having simplified data access

A data access method and apparatus for computerized control of a muscle exercising machine, allows large amounts of data to be stored and retrieved with minimal computer skill. The muscle exercising machine displays a window or "scroll box" on its display device in response to an appropriate selection of a first type of data to be retrieved. The window contains a list of at least some of the names of the first type of data to be retrieved and a selection area for highlighting one name in the list of the first type of data in the window. The list can be scrolled in the up or down direction via a touch screen to locate a data file within a selection area of the window or scroll box. The window and up/down selection options may be used to simplify storage and retrieval of patient data. In response to a selection command, at least some of the names of users are displayed and one name is selected. Then, at least some of the dates of exercise for the selected name are displayed and one date is selected. Then, at least some of the exercises performed by the selected name on the selected date are displayed. One of the exercises may be selected, and the exercise machine may be controlled to perform the selected exercise. The muscle exercise machine may be controlled using the window and up/down option to permit exercising of standard exercises including isokinetic, isotonic and isometric exercises. The exercise machine may also be controlled to permit creation and retrievals of customized exercise protocols, based on previously defined protocols. The protocols are defined using the touch screen interface as well as the window or scroll box.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to muscle exercising machines, and more particularly 
to computer controlled exercising machines which are capable of performing 
many types of exercise for testing, training and/or rehabilitation. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Computer-controlled muscle exercising machines are widely used for muscle 
evaluation, training, and/or rehabilitation. During evaluation, the 
strength of a particular muscle is tested so that an exercise or 
rehabilitation program may be set up. During training or rehabilitation, 
the strength of a muscle is gradually improved by a programmed set of 
exercises. 
Computer controlled exercising machines may often be configured to exercise 
different joints or muscles. They may also generally be programmed to 
exercise a particular joint or muscle according to one or more of the 
following types of exercise: isometric, isotonic, isokinetic and constant 
power. In isometric exercise, the rate of angular change or velocity of 
the limb is zero while the force can be in either of two directions. In 
isotonic exercise, the load or resistive force has constant value while 
the velocity varies. In isokinetic exercise the force is allowed to vary 
to match the user's force in such a way that the velocity is kept 
constant. In constant power exercise both velocity and force are allowed 
to vary such that their product is kept constant. Finally, computer 
controlled exercise machines may also be configured to provide a 
predetermined amount of force or velocity, over a predetermined range of 
motion, for a predetermined number of repetitions in a set and with 
predetermined rests between sets of repetitions. 
Computer controlled exercise machines generally include at least one 
exercise element which is adapted for manipulation by a user, and a 
computer controller which is operationally connected to the exercise 
element for controlling the movement of the exercise movement upon 
manipulation by a user. Generally, computer controlled exercise machines 
also include a display connected to the controller, for assisting in 
configuring the machine and for providing user feedback in the form of 
graphical or numeric displays during the course of exercise. An input 
device is also generally provided to allow a user or a physical therapist 
to configure the machine for performing a particular exercise or sets of 
exercise. 
One example of a highly successful computer-controlled exercise machine is 
the Kin-Com.RTM. Models 2 and 3 muscle testing and training systems 
manufactured and marketed by Chattecx Corporation, Chattanooga, Tenn. The 
electro-mechanical operation of the Kin-Com.RTM. Models 2 and 3 is 
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,450 to McArthur, assigned to the assignee 
of the present invention, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated 
herein by reference. Other computer controlled muscle exercise machines 
are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,408,613 to Relyea, 4,235,437 to Ruis et 
al., 4,842,274 to Oosthuizen et al.; 4,691,694 to Boyd et al. and 
4,601,468 to Bond et al. 
A major problem in the use of computerized muscle exercising machines is 
the control of these machines. Although computer control provides a high 
degree of flexibility and adaptability, computer controlled machines are 
often difficult to configure and to control. This is a major problem for 
the typical user of a computer controlled exercising machine, who is 
typically unskilled in the operation of a computer. Moreover, in a 
physical therapy program, the machine is typically configured by a 
physical therapist who is responsible for administering physical therapy 
programs for many patients on the machine, and for configuring the machine 
appropriately for each patient. Physical therapists are typically 
unskilled in computer use, so that proper operation of the computerized 
muscle exercise machine is often a major concern. 
In an effort to simplify the use of a computerized muscle exercising 
machine, these machines have often incorporated touch screen user input 
devices instead of or in addition to conventional keyboards. As is well 
known to those having skill in computer art, a touch screen is a device 
which is mounted on the face of a cathode ray tube or other display, and 
which accepts user inputs by touching an appropriate portion of the 
display. When using a touch screen, the computer controller may be 
configured to display appropriate selection boxes or areas on the touch 
screen. The touch screen is responsive to a finger or other object 
touching one of the designated areas for accepting a user response. By 
eliminating or reducing the need for a keyboard, simplified ("user 
friendly") control may be obtained. 
A computerized rowing machine which may include a touch screen is disclosed 
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,714,244 to Kolomayets et al. A computerized exercise 
machine including a touch screen has also been marketed by Med-Ex 
Diagnostics of Canada as the Dynatrac.TM. system. In the Dynatrac.TM. 
system, a touch screen is used to set up exercises. 
A major problem in controlling computerized muscle exercising machines is 
the storage and retrieval of large volumes of exercise related data. 
Exercise related data must be stored and retrieved in order to monitor the 
progress of an exercise or rehabilitation program, to calibrate the 
exercise machine based on past exercise, and to generate reports to 
doctors, insurance companies and patients. 
Two examples of exercise related data are "patient data" and "protocol 
data". "Patient data" includes the cumulative exercises performed by a 
patient during the course of multiple sessions in an exercise or 
rehabilitation program. It will be understood by those having skill in the 
art that many users and/or patients typically use the exercise machine at 
different times. The machine must be calibrated for each user in terms of 
the muscle being exercised, the amount of force, degree of rotation, range 
of motion, type of exercise and many other parameters. Failure to 
correctly calibrate the machine may injure an already injured muscle. 
Accordingly, a given patient's data must be easily retrievable in order to 
configure the machine for a session. Moreover, any patient's data must be 
retrievable so that different patient's progress may be compared, or 
exercises may be set up for a new patient based upon those being used by 
an existing patient. 
A second example of exercise related data is "protocol data". Protocol data 
describes a particular type of exercise for a particular type of muscle 
using a particular set of parameters. As described above, exercise 
machines may typically be configured for isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, 
constant power and other types of exercise. Moreover, for each particular 
joint or muscle, a certain range of motion, force, number of exercises and 
rests between exercise may be desired. These resulting permutations can 
create a large number of exercise "protocols" which may be used. Moreover, 
typically an exercise machine is used by more than one trainer or physical 
therapist, each of whom may have his own set of protocols which are used 
over and over again for patients. Accordingly, simplified retrieval of a 
protocol from a large number of protocols is desirable. 
The computer-controlled muscle exercising machines described above have had 
some difficulty in manipulating large amounts of exercise related data. 
For example, the Kin-Com.RTM. Models 2 and 3 systems described above store 
exercise related data on a nonremovable magnetic disk (a "hard disk") 
coupled to the computer controller. Patient data for each exercise session 
for each user is stored using a file name arbitrarily assigned by the 
user, trainer, or physical therapist. The file name must be recorded 
separately on a paper or in a patient's folder for later retrieval of the 
data. Unfortunately, a file name so recorded is often lost so that the 
patient data is not retrievable. Moreover, for many sessions performed on 
many patients, it is difficult to keep track of the file names assigned 
for each test. Also, the same physical therapist may not always supervise 
the exercising of a given patient so that exercises on different days may 
be stored under inconsistent file names. Simple and accurate storage and 
retrieval of patient data is difficult. 
The Kin-Com.RTM. Models 2 and 3 also allow for new protocols to be set up, 
stored and retrieved using an operator assigned sequential number 
identifier. All protocols are stored within the same file and identified 
by the unique sequential number identifier. It is difficult to track the 
large numbers of protocols typically used in a clinic. Moreover, it is 
difficult for a trainer or physical therapist to retrieve a previously 
stored protocol. 
Another approach for managing large amounts of exercise related data is 
used by the above mentioned Dynatrac.TM. machine. In the Dynatrac.TM. 
machine, a disk file is not used for storing large amounts of data. 
Rather, exercise related data is stored on "patient data cards" each of 
which includes a small nonvolatile storage in which a small amount of data 
on up to eight patients may be stored. In order to store and retrieve 
data, the appropriate card is inserted into the computer controller. 
Unfortunately, the use of patient data cards does little to alleviate the 
data storage and retrieval problem. The individual cards are easily lost 
or the wrong card may be inserted into the machine for a given patient. 
The cards are expensive, and a large inventory of cards must be maintained 
because a limited amount of data may be stored on each card. The cards are 
prone to break upon repeated use. Moreover, since each card contains a 
limited amount of data, no standard protocols are contained on the card. 
Standard protocols and customized protocols cannot be set up. Rather, each 
exercise must be set up with its own set of parameters whereby every 
parameter must be set by the operator. Accordingly, a large amount of 
exercise related data cannot be simply stored and retrieved. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved 
computer-controlled muscle exercising machine. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved data 
access method and apparatus for a computer-controlled muscle exercising 
machine. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a data 
access method and apparatus for a computer-controlled muscle exercising 
machine which does not require creating or memorizing large numbers of 
arbitrarily named file names in order to store and retrieve exercise 
related data. 
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a data access method 
and apparatus for a computer-controlled muscle exercising machine which 
can store and retrieve large amounts of data in a manner which requires 
minimal computer skills. 
These and other objects are provided according to the present invention by 
a muscle exercise machine which displays a window also referred to as a 
"scroll box", on its display device in response to an appropriate 
selection of a first type of data to be retrieved. The window contains a 
list of at least some of the names of the first type of data to be 
retrieved and a selection area for highlighting one name in the list of 
the first type of data in the window. 
The exercise machine accepts the user selection of an UP option or a DOWN 
option. In response to the UP option, one or more names is added to the 
top of the list and a corresponding one or more names is deleted from the 
bottom of the list and the entire list is moved down in the window so that 
a preceding name on the list is moved into the selection area. In response 
to the DOWN option, one or more names is deleted from the top of the list, 
one or more names is added to the bottom of the list and a succeeding name 
on the list is moved into the selection area. Accordingly, the UP and DOWN 
options can be repeatedly selected to move up and down a long list of 
names, a portion of which is displayed in the window. When the desired 
name is present in the selection area, an indication can be provided to 
select that name. The controller then controls the exercise machine in 
response to the selected name. 
In a preferred embodiment, the user selection means is a touch screen which 
is mounted on the display, and the UP and DOWN options are provided by an 
UP box displayed above the window and a DOWN box displayed below the 
window. Selection of the UP box moves up the list, and selection of the 
DOWN box moves down the list. 
The window and UP/DOWN selection options may be used to simplify storage 
and retrieval of patient data and protocol data according to the present 
invention. In particular, for patient data, the names of all users of the 
exercise machine, all of the corresponding dates of use of the exercise 
machine and all of the corresponding exercises performed on each 
particular date are stored in a data storage means such as a hard disk. In 
response to a user selection command, at least some of the names of the 
users are displayed on the display and a selection may be made for one of 
the names from the list. Then, in response to the selection, at least some 
of the dates of exercise for the selected name are displayed on the screen 
and a selection is accepted for one date. Then, at least some of the 
exercises performed by the selected name on the selected date are 
displayed on the screen. One of the exercises may be selected, and the 
exercise machine may be controlled to perform the selected exercise. 
In a preferred embodiment, the names, dates, and exercises are each 
displayed in a window on the display device with the window including a 
list of at least some of the names, dates, or exercises from all the 
names, dates and exercises stored on the storage device. Upon displaying a 
list, an UP and DOWN option may be used to move up and down the list. When 
moving up the list, the top name is deleted, a new name is added to the 
bottom and the immediately preceding name is moved to the selection area. 
In the preferred embodiment, the up and down options are selected by 
providing an UP and a DOWN box at the top and bottom of the window, 
respectively. 
For protocol data, upon operator selection to crate a new protocol, at 
least some of the names of protocols, including standard protocols and 
previously defined custom protocols, are displayed in a window on the 
display device. An UP and DOWN option may be used to move up and down the 
list as described above. Once the desired protocol is selected it may be 
used as the basis for creating a new protocol. In other words, a new 
protocol may be created which is a variation of the selected protocol. 
Once created and named, the newly created protocol will reappear in 
subsequent displays of protocols. The window and UP/DOWN options may also 
be used to display all existing protocols and select a protocol for a 
current exercise session, or to select a protocol to create a new protocol 
for a current exercise, without storing the newly created protocol for 
later retrieval. 
The window ("scroll box") and UP/DOWN selection options of the present 
invention allow a large list of data to be selected by moving up and down 
the list until the appropriate data element is found. Then, the data 
associated with that data element may be displayed for further 
manipulation. This data may be displayed by again displaying a list of 
data in a window and allowing up/down selection. Accordingly, data may be 
stored and retrieved using the window and UP/DOWN options without 
requiring the user to know how the data is organized and without requiring 
the user to assign or remember a file name for the data. The computer 
controlled muscle exercise machine assigns file names and stores the data 
to permit retrieval. Large amounts of exercise related data, such as may 
be used with a computer controlled exercise machine, may be manipulated 
easily.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with 
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of 
the invention is shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many 
different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment 
set forth herein; rather, this embodiment is provided so that this 
disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope 
of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like 
elements throughout. 
OVERVIEW: COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXERCISE MACHINE 
Referring to FIG. 1, a general overview of a computer controlled muscle 
exercising machine 10 will be described. Exercising machine 10 consists of 
an actuator assembly 12 to which exercise element 14 is attached. The 
exercise element may be referred to as an exercising member or arm. A 
variety of types of attachments may be fixed to exercise element 14 to 
accommodate exercising of arm, leg, or other body parts. Handles in the 
form of forearm or wrist grips may be attached to exercise element 14. 
Housing 16 encloses a hydraulic pump and heat exchanger and also supports 
cushions 18, 20, and 22. Cushions 18 support the thigh of the patient. 
Upper body chair cushions 20 may remain in a horizontal position as 
indicated at 20a or in an upright position as indicated at 20b. Center 
cushion 22 is located directly between each set of cushions 18 and 20. The 
mechanical operation of muscle exercising machine 10 is further described 
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,450 to McArthur, assigned to the assignee of the 
present invention, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein 
by reference. 
Ergo arm 24 is attached at one end to the front lower portion of housing 
16. The opposite upper end of ergo arm 24 is attached to portable hardware 
table 26. Ergo arm 24 swivels from one side to the other of the exercising 
machine as a result of its swivel attachment to the base of housing 16. 
This swivel action permits an operator of the exercising machine to 
operate the computer controller 25 located on the portable hardware table 
from either side of the machine, and permits the patient/athlete to view 
any output residing on monitor 30. 
The computer controller 25 of computer controlled muscle exercising machine 
10 consists of computer housing (not shown) which is located behind 
housing 16, monitor 30 including display 30a, keyboard 32, one or more 
external "floppy" disk drives 34 and an "install stop" indicator light 36. 
A "touch screen" (not shown) is mounted on the face of display 30a to 
allow display 30a to operate as an input device for the computer 
controller of exercising machine 10. Keyboard 32 is an alternative input 
device for the computer controller. 
Several hardware components are provided, some of which are contained in a 
computer housing, including a microprocessor integrated circuit chip. 
Preferably, the microprocessor is an 80286 microprocessor. The hardware as 
well as the system and application software are compatible with the IBM 
PC/AT.RTM. machine. A 20 megabyte hard disk drive is provided in addition 
to the internal 640K microprocessor memory. External disk drives 34 are 
3.5 inch in size. Monitor 30 is a color monitor controlled by a color card 
in housing 28. Additionally, a color printer (not shown) with a computer 
stand is provided for hard printouts of patient evaluation and exercise 
data. The touch screen is preferably a model E274 touch screen, marketed 
by Elographics, Inc. and mounted on the face of display 30a. A touch 
screen interface card, for interfacing the touch screen with the 
microprocessor may be mounted in monitor 30 or in computer housing 28. A 
suitable card is the model E271-60 marketed by Elographics, Inc. 
The computer hardware operates at 12 Mhz with zero wait state. 
Additionally, a 12/8 Mhz switchable system clock is provided. Finally, 
data integrity is ensured with an on-board battery backup for the internal 
and external memory. 
Referring to FIG. 2, a hardware block diagram for the computer controlled 
exercise machine will now be described. The computer controller 25 
consists of central processing unit (CPU) or microprocessor 40, 
input/output (I/O) peripherals 42 such as floppy and hard disk drives, 
database manager 44, and user interfaces including monitor with a display 
30 containing a touch screen interface and keyboard 32. The database 
manager is typically a stored program which runs on CPU 40. The central 
processing unit 40 communicates with an exercise element movement 
controller 46 (such as a servo system) which in turn controls the muscle 
exercise element 14. 
OVERVIEW: DISPLAY WINDOW 
The present invention simplifies data access and retrieval by providing a 
window on display 30a. This window may be used in conjunction with a touch 
screen to select data for access and retrieval. The window contains a list 
of data, i.e. patient names, dates, etc., and a highlighted or horizontal 
selection area for highlighting one name. UP/DOWN selection options also 
are provided in the window area of the display. Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B 
and 3C, an example of the window with the horizontal selection area and 
UP/DOWN option boxes which may be displayed on display 30a are shown for 
patient name data. In FIG. 3A, the names Jan through Lorna appear 
alphabetically in the window. These names are seven names from a long list 
of patient names. The UP box is located above the name Jan and the DOWN 
box is located below the name Lorna. 
The highlighted or horizontal selection area resides in the middle of the 
window and does not physically move. Rather, the data located within the 
selection area of the window changes. For example, assume the patient to 
be processed has the name Jan. In order to bring the patient name Jan into 
the selection area, the UP option is selected. As previously described, 
the preferred embodiment provides a touch screen. Therefore, the UP option 
is indicated by touching the touch screen at the location indicated by the 
UP box. The result will be shifting of the patient name data downward. 
Preferably, each selection of the UP option shifts the data by one 
position. The result of three UP selections is illustrated in FIG. 3B 
where patient name Carol is located at the top of the window, patient name 
Joyce is located at the bottom of the window, and patient name Jan is 
located within the selection area. This is accomplished by deleting the 
name Lorna, Linda and Kim in order from the bottom of the list and adding 
Evelyn, Elaine and Carol in order to the top of the list. It will be 
understood by those having skill in the art that each UP selection may 
shift the list by more than one position. 
The data item, in this case, patient name data, located within the 
selection area of the window may also be moved in a downward direction. 
Assume for purposes of illustration that the operator desires to work on 
the data stored in relation to patient name Lorna. In order to bring 
patient name Lorna within the selection area, the patient names within the 
window must be scrolled downward in a vertical direction. This is 
accomplished by selecting the DOWN option or box. The DOWN option is 
selected in the preferred embodiment by making an indication at the DOWN 
box on the window located on display 30a. The DOWN box is continuously 
pressed on the touch screen until patient name Lorna is located within the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area. The result is illustrated in 
FIG. 3C, with patient name Joyce located at the top of the window, patient 
name Sandy located at the bottom of the window and patient name Lorna 
located within the selection area. This is accomplished by deleting all 
the names at the top of the list in order preceding or above Joyce and 
adding all names at the bottom of the list in order succeeding or below 
Joyce. 
When the desired data is located within the highlighted or horizontal 
selection area of the scrolling window, the operator may indicate the 
selection by pressing an ACCEPT box or option on the touch screen or the 
RETURN key or ENTER key on the keyboard. As a result of the selection by 
the operator of some specified data, more detailed data associated only 
with the data item selected will appear on display 30a. The associated 
detail data may appear on display 30a in a window as previously described. 
Examples of more detailed associated data include patient test dates, 
patient protocols, and patient test results. These examples will be 
described in detail below. 
OVERVIEW: DATABASE ARCHITECTURE 
The database architecture for the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 
4. The database architecture underlying the above described user/operator 
data manipulation interface provides a database management system based 
upon an Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM). In particular, referring 
to FIG. 4, the database manager 44 operates upon database manager files 52 
and indexes 50 which preferably reside on internal or random access memory 
controlled by CPU 40. The database manager also operates upon individual 
data files 54, which preferably are resident on hard disk or other 
external memory 54 in an I/O peripheral 42 (FIG. 2). 
The database manager 44 resides within the processor 40 and the necessary 
data including indexes 50 and database files 52 are stored in internal 
memory. The data files stored in external memory are sequential files and 
are indicated generally at 54. The sequential data files 54 include files 
which contain patient name data, date data and test data for each patient. 
Referring to FIG. 4, an example of the data files are generally identified 
at 54 as 1.KCA, 2.KCA, and 3.KCA. Data files for "overlay" type results 
are designated as KCA. Data files designated as KCT refer to those for 
"continuous" type results. A separate data file is provided for each test 
session for each patient. A maximum of twelve tests can be stored in one 
data file. Each data file contains all data corresponding to a test 
including patient information, parameter values and test result data. 
Accessing of these data files 54 from external memory results in storage of 
portions of the data files in internal memory. The database manager then 
assigns a unique patient ID number to each unique patient name. When a 
user makes a selection in the horizontal selection area of a patient name, 
data or test, the appropriate patient ID number is selected by the 
database manager. The index keys at 50 for the sequential database files 
52 are based upon the unique patient ID numbers. The database files at 52, 
i.e. patient.DB, dates.DB, and tests.DB, contain patient name, date, or 
test information respectively for each patient ID number. The information 
is in the form of pointers to the location of the actual data in external 
memory 54. The accessing logic to the sequential database files is 
accomplished by searching a binary tree structure using the index key, 
i.e. patient ID number, at 50, to locate the appropriate pointer in the 
corresponding database files at 52. Once the appropriate pointer in the 
database file has been located based upon the patient ID index, the 
pointer is used to sequentially access the desired data in data files 54. 
Thus, this process provides an index sequential access method. 
The operation of an Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) database access 
scheme will be understood by those skilled in the art and will not be 
further explained as part of this detailed description. The details of the 
user/operator operation of the data storage means and means for accepting 
and selecting data resulting in computer control of the exercise element 
which resides on top of the database architecture will now be described. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION: EXERCISE MACHINE OPERATIONAL CONTROL 
Sequence of operations performed to control the exercise machine will now 
be described in detail with reference to the operational control flow 
charts of FIG. 5 and the sample display screens of FIG. 6. The flowcharts 
in FIG. 5 provide the flow control resulting from operator selection of 
various parameters providing computer control of the exercise machine via 
the computer controller. It will be understood by those having skill in 
the art that the flowcharts may be implemented by computer 28, operating 
under stored program control. The displays illustrated in FIG. 6 are 
examples of displays which appear on the display screen 30a of monitor 30 
at various times during the operator control selection process. The 
displays are in the form of a touch screen. The touch screen or the 
keyboard or both the touch screen and the keyboard comprise the input 
device to the system or computer controller. Touch screens are known to 
those skilled in the art of computer technology. The operator need only 
touch the portion of the screen corresponding to the selection which he or 
she desires to make. The system will then respond according to the 
selection made by the operator. 
In controlling the muscle exercise system, various processes can be 
accomplished. In particular, training of a patient may be performed via 
selection of certain parameters resulting in computerized control of the 
exercise machine. Evaluation may also be accomplished via the process of 
selection of various parameters by the operator so that the exercise 
equipment can be controlled in order to evaluate the progress of a 
patient. As part of the evaluation process, the results of an evaluation 
session may be stored in memory for future references. Additionally, 
results of various patient exercises may be obtained via this selection 
process of various parameters whereby the operator can produce the results 
in a number of formats. Finally, an operator or system installer may 
initialize the computer controller through the selection process by 
selecting various parameters. The operator may indicate a selection of one 
of these processes from a main manu located on display 30a. 
DETAILED OPERATION: TRAINING SELECTION 
Referring to FIG. 5A, in controlling the muscle exercising machine for 
patient training or exercising, as indicated by Block 101, the training or 
exercise options will appear on display 30a. This initial exercise 
training display is illustrated in FIG. 6A. The operator may select one of 
the training methods by simply touching the screen within the outlined 
portion of the desired method. Once a selection has been made as to the 
training or exercise method, the selection made by the operator is 
accepted at Block 102. 
A number of standard training methods are permanently stored in memory 
containing preset parameters for specified exercise routines. These 
standard exercise routines are write protected so that they cannot be 
deleted by an operator, and include ISOKINETIC, PASSIVE, ISOMETRIC, 
ISOTONIC and TRUNK training routines. The operator may also select a 
PROTOCOL training routine which can be defined individually for each 
patient prior to commencing the training process or retrieved from memory. 
A determination is made as to which option was selected. This is 
illustrated generally at 103 as a multiple decision block. Based upon a 
conclusion that a particular method was not selected, a determination will 
be made whether the next method was selected. 
More specifically, determination is made at 103a whether the PROTOCOL 
routine was selected. In the event the PROTOCOL routine was not selected, 
a query is made at 103b whether the ISOKINETIC standard training routine 
was selected. If the ISOKINETIC standard routine was selected and 
accepted, control is passed to transition Block J. If a routine or method 
was not selected, the system continues to make queries as to whether each 
of the remaining standard training routines were selected and accepted by 
the system, namely the PASSIVE, ISOMETRIC, ISOTONIC, and TRUNK routines, 
in that order. If one of those was selected and accepted by the system, 
control is transferred to transition Block J. If the particular standard 
routine was not selected and accepted, the system will make a query as to 
whether the next standard routine in order was selected and accepted. This 
query process for the remaining standard routines, PASSIVE, ISOMETRIC, 
ISOTONIC and TRUNK, are indicated at decision Blocks 103c, 103d, 103e and 
103f, respectively. In the event that none of the training routines were 
selected, a determination is made at 103g whether the operator selected 
the ESCape option. If the ESCape option was selected by the operator, 
control is returned to a display which permits the operator to select one 
of the operations which the system is capable of performing, i.e. 
training, evaluation, results or system initialization including setup and 
utilities. Based upon a determination at 103g that the ESCape option was 
not selected, training display Frame 6a will remain displayed on screen 
dispaly 30a until the operator selects one of the options. 
DETAILED OPERATION: PROTOCOL SELECTION 
Based upon a conclusion at 103a that the PROTOCOL training routine was 
selected and accepted, a prompt is displayed at 104 for selection as to 
what is to be done with the protocol training routine. This prompt 
displayed at 104 is illustrated in FIG. 6B. The operator is provided with 
the options of CREATE PROTOCOL, REMOVE PROTOCOL or RETRIEVE PROTOCOL. The 
operator's selection of creating, removing or retrieving a protocol or in 
the alternative, escape is accepted at 105. 
A determination is made at 106 as to which option the operator selected. 
This determination is illustrated generally at 106 in FIG. 5A by multiple 
decision blocks. Based upon a determination at 106a that the option to 
CREATE a new protocol was selected, control will be passed to Block 106 to 
permit the operator to select which predetermined protocol he or she 
desires to use as a basis for creating an operator defined protocol for 
the particular patient. If the CREATE option was not selected, a 
determination is made at 106b as to whether removal of an existing 
protocol was selected. Based upon a conclusion at 106b that REMOVE 
PROTOCOL was selected, control is transferred to transition Block L. 
If the REMOVE PROTOCOL option was not selected, a determination is made at 
106c whether the operator chose the RETRIEVE PROTOCOL to retrieve an 
existing protocol from the database. A standard protocol such as 
isokinetic or isometric, as well as an operator defined protocol which has 
been stored in the external data files can be retrieved. Based upon a 
determination at 106c that RETRIEVE PROTOCOL was selected by the operator, 
control is transferred to transition Block K. In the event the operator 
did not select the create, remove, or the retrieve options, a 
determination is made at 106d whether the ESCape option was selected. If 
the ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
BEGIN1 resulting in display at 101 of the training or exercise options, an 
example of which appears in FIG. 6A. Based upon a determination at 106d 
that the ESCape option was not selected, control is passed to transition 
Block A provided for ease of illustration to indicate that the protocol 
selection menu illustrated in FIG. 6B remains displayed until the operator 
selects CREATE, REMOVE or RETRIEVE PROTOCOL or ESCape. 
DETAILED OPERATION: PROTOCOL CREATION 
In the event CREATE PROTOCOL was selected, the operator will then be given 
the option at 107 of selecting which standard protocol, e.g. isokinetic or 
isometric, or stored operator defined protocol he or she desires to use as 
the basis for defining the operator defined protocol for the particular 
patient. An example of identifiers for the predefined or stored operator 
defined protocols are displayed on display 30a as illustrated in FIG. 6C. 
FIG. 6C illustrates the window or scroll box and UP/DOWN selection box 
previously discussed in accordance with FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C. The operator 
can make a selection of a predefined or stored operator standard protocol 
by utilizing the scroll box. 
A determination is made at 108 whether the operator touched the scroll box. 
The operator may touch the scroll box either at the UP indicator or at the 
DOWN indicator. If the UP indicator was touched, the data listed in the 
scroll box will move downward at 109 resulting in the previous name being 
located in the highlighted or horizontal selection area of the window or 
scroll box. Similarly, if the operator touched the DOWN portion of the 
scroll box, the data appearing in the window or scroll box will move in an 
upward direction at 109 resulting in the succeeding name being located in 
the highlighted or horizontal selection area of the window. 
The selection area of the scroll box which appears as a highlighted 
horizontal strip across the approximately center portion of the scroll box 
indicates the data item, in this case, either the standard protocol or 
stored operator defined protocol, which the operator may use as a basis 
for creating a protocol for the particular patient. Once the desired 
stored protocol, whether it be standard or operator defined, appears in 
the horizontal selection area of the window, control is transferred to 
transition Block 1 in FIG. 5A. Transition Block 1 in FIG. 5A is provided 
for ease of illustration to indicate that the display illustrated in FIG. 
6C will remain displayed at 107 until some other action is taken on the 
part of the operator. The action taken may include continual scrolling in 
the UP or DOWN direction of the scroll box, input from the keyboard, 
selection of the ACCEPT option or selection of the ESCape option. 
If the system determines at 110 that the operator has keyed in a desired 
basis protocol, the system will automatically scroll at 111 the list of 
data names, in this case, the predefined protocol or stored operator 
defined protocol names appearing in the window. The scrolling in either 
the up or down direction will continue until the protocol name which most 
closely matches the protocol name entered by the operator from the 
keyboard appears in the highlighted or horizontal selection area of the 
window (see FIG. 6C). Once the protocol name which most closely matches 
that entered by the operator is located, control is transferred to 
transition Block 1 in FIG. 5A. As previously mentioned, transition Block 1 
is provided for ease of illustration to indicate that the system waits, 
continuing to display the example illustrated in FIG. 6C, until another 
action in the form of scrolling the box, inputing data from the keyboard, 
accepting a selection, or selecting the accept option or selecting the 
escape option, is taken by the operator. 
Based upon a determination at 112 that the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option, control is transferred to transition Block B. Selection of the 
ACCEPT option permits the initialization of the creation of an operator 
defined protocol, as will be described in reference to FIG. 5B, based upon 
the protocol name, standard or stored operator defined, located within the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area of the scroll box. Based upon a 
determination at Block 113 that the operator selected the ESCape option, 
control is transferred to transition Block A. Operator selection of the 
ESCape option results in prompting at 104 of the operator to select what 
he or she desires to do in the protocol training routine, i.e. CREATE, 
REMOVE or RETRIEVE a protocol. The display illustrated in FIG. 6B will be 
displayed on screen display 30a and control of the process will continue 
as previously described. If the ESCape option was not selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block 1. As previously mentioned, transition 
Block 1 is provided to illustrate that the system waits, continuing to 
display the example display illustrated in FIG. 6C, until some affirmative 
action is taken on the part of the operator such as scrolling the scroll 
box, entering input at the keyboard, or selecting the accept option. 
DETAILED OPERATION: DEFINING PROTOCOL 
Referring to FIG. 5B, the control flow for defining a protocol following 
the acceptance of a basis protocol by the operator will now be described. 
As a result of operator selection of acceptance of a basis protocol at 104 
as determined at 106c (See FIG. 5A), the parameters which the operator can 
change will be displayed at 115. Those parameters which the operator can 
change include SPEED OF EXERCISE, FORCE LIMITS, SCREEN DISPLAY, SETS, REPS 
& TURNS, and EMG. A display containing these protocol parameters which 
appears on display screen 30a is illustrated in FIG. 6D. Consistent with 
the touch screen interface, the operator can select a parameter by 
touching the desired parameter to be changed within the blocked area 
surrounding the displayed parameter. Alternatively, the operator may enter 
the digit appearing to the left, e.g. 1 or 2, of the displayed parameter. 
Input of the desired parameter to change is made at 116 by the operator. 
A determination is made as to which protocol parameter was selected by the 
operator to be changed. This determination process is illustrated by 
multiple decision blocks indicated generally at 117 in FIG. 5B. More 
specifically, based upon a determination at 117a that the operator 
selected SPEED OF EXERCISE protocol parameter to be changed, the 
parameters associated with the SPEED OF EXERCISE protocol parameter are 
displayed at 118. Based upon a determination at 117b that the operator 
selected the FORCE LIMITS parameter from the display illustrated in FIG. 
6D to be changed, control is transferred to transition Block D. The system 
continues to make determinations as to which parameter in the display 
illustrated in FIG. 6D was selected by the operator to be changed. 
Based upon a determination at 117c that the operator selected the SCREEN 
DISPLAY parameter from the parameters displayed in FIG. 6D, control is 
transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- SD and then subsequently passed 
to transition Block B. If the SCREEN DISPLAY option was not selected, a 
determination is made at 117d whether the operator selected the SETS, REPS 
& TURNS parameter option. Based upon a determination at 117d that the 
sets, reps, & turns parameter option was selected by the operator, control 
is transferred to transition Block F. If the SETS, REPS & TURNS parameter 
option is determined not to have been selected, a query is made at 117e as 
to whether the operator selected the EMG parameter option. Based upon a 
determination at 117e that the EMG parameter option was selected by the 
operator from the options illustrated in FIG. 6D, control is transferred 
to transition Block G. 
The operator may select the ACCEPT option if none of the parameters are to 
be changed or if the desired changes have been made to the parameters. 
Based upon a determination at 117f that the ACCEPT option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block H. Acceptance of the parameters 
as defined resulting in transfer of control to transition Block H permits 
finalization of the protocol defining process prior to commencement of the 
exercise or training routine. 
If the ACCEPT option was not selected, a determination is made whether the 
operator selected the ESCape option. Based upon a conclusion at 117g that 
the ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
A. Transition Block A as illustrated in FIG. 5A provides transfer of 
control permitting the operator to CREATE, REMOVE or RETRIEVE a protocol. 
This results in the display as illustrated in FIG. 6B. If the ESCape 
option was not selected, control is transferred to transition Block B 
provided for purposes of illustration to indicate that the system waits, 
continuing to display at 115 the screen illustrated in FIG. 6D containing 
the various protocol parameters which can be modified in setting up an 
operator defined protocol until one of the parameters is selected. 
DETAILED OPERATION: SPEED OF EXERCISE 
Based upon a determination of 117a in FIG. 5B that the SPEED OF EXERCISE 
protocol parameter was selected from the parameter options illustrated in 
FIG. 6D, the types of parameters associated with SPEED OF EXERCISE are 
displayed at 118. The SPEED OF EXERCISE parameters are illustrated in FIG. 
6E which is an example of the display which will appear at 118 on screen 
display 30a. The operator can then make a selection at 119 of the 
parameter options displayed in FIG. 6E appearing on screen 30a. Consistent 
with the touch screen interface, the operator can indicate a selection by 
touching one of the speed of exercise parameters or by entering one of the 
digits located to the left of the parameters. 
A determination is then made generally at 120 as to which speed of exercise 
parameter was selected for modification. The determination is made one at 
a time. Based upon a determination that one was not selected, a 
determination is made whether the next was selected. This continues until 
it is concluded that either one of the speed of exercise parameters was 
selected or none was selected and the escape option was selected. 
Based upon a determination at 120a that the SPEED FORWARD parameter was 
selected to be changed, the operator will enter the desired speed forward 
at 121 by entering the parameter value via the touch calculator appearing 
in FIG. 6E. The user may enter the desired values by touching the desired 
values within the block area surrounding each digit and then pressing the 
enter touch key. Once the SPEED FORWARD parameter value has been entered 
via the touch calculator, control is transferred to transition Block C 
permitting the operator to select another speed of exercise parameter to 
be changed. 
Based upon a determination at 120b that the SPEED BACKWARD option was 
selected, the operator will enter the SPEED BACKWARD parameter value via 
the touch calculator at 121. This process of entering the parameter value 
for the SPEED BACKWARD parameter via the touch calculator is the same as 
that described with the SPEED FORWARD parameter. Once the value for the 
SPEED BACKWARD parameter has been entered, control is transferred to 
transition Block C resulting in display at 118 of the speed parameters 
illustrated in FIG. 6E permitting the operator to change another speed 
parameter. 
The operator may also select the type of contractions to be performed, 
including CONCENTRIC/ECCENTRIC, CONCENTRIC/CONCENTRIC, 
ECCENTRIC/CONCENTRIC, and ECCENTRIC/ECCENTRIC from the speed of exercise 
parameters. A determination is made at decision Blocks 120c, 120d, 120e, 
or 120f for the CONCENTRIC/ECCENTRIC, CONCENTRIC/CONCENTRIC, 
ECCENTRIC/CONCENTRIC or ECCENTRIC/ECCENTRIC type of contractions, 
respectively, as to whether the operator has selected one of these four 
types of contractions. Based upon a determination that one of these 
contraction types was selected, control of the exercise is set at 122 
according to the contraction type selected. Once control has been set 
according to the contraction type selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block C resulting in display at 118 of the speed of exercise 
parameters illustrated in FIG. 6E permitting the operator to make further 
changes to speed associated parameters. 
The final option which the operator may select is the ESCape option. If the 
ESCape option as well as none of the other options were selected, control 
is transferred to transition Block C. This transfer of control to 
transition Block C based upon the determination at 120g that ESCape option 
was selected, is provided for illustration purposes to indicate that the 
system will wait, continuing to display the screen display illustrated in 
FIG. 6E at 118 until a selection is made. Based upon a determination at 
120g that the ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block B. Transfer of control to transition Block B results in 
display at 115 of the protocol parameters which can be modified by the 
operator as illustrated in FIG. 6D. The process of operator selection of 
protocol parameters to be changed and changing of those parameters 
continues until all the desired parameters changes have been made and the 
operator selects the ESCape option. Control is then transferred to 
transition Block A resulting in display at 104 of the CREATE, REMOVE or 
RETRIEVE protocols as illustrated in FIG. 6B. 
DETAILED OPERATION: FORCE LIMITS 
Referring to FIG. 5C, details of the processing of modification of the 
force limits parameters will now be described. Based upon a determination 
at 117b that the operator selected the FORCE LIMIT parameters to be 
changed in defining a new operator defined protocol, control was 
transferred to transition Block D resulting in display of the force limit 
parameters at 130. The force limit parameters which can be changed by the 
operator include force settings, i.e. START FORWARD FORCE, START BACKWARD 
FORCE, MINIMUM FORCE and MAXIMUM FORCE, and pause settings, i.e. MINIMUM 
ISOMETRIC TENSION and CONTRACTION TIME. These force limit parameters as 
displayed at 130 appear on the display 30a of monitor 30 as illustrated in 
FIG. 6F. The operator may then select at 131 from the options by touching 
the screen at the option desired within the blocked area surrounding the 
desired option. Alternatively, the operator may select the desired option 
by entering the appropriate digit appearing to the left of each option on 
the keyboard and pressing the return or enter key on the keyboard. 
The system proceeds to determine which of the force limit parameters was 
selected to be changed by the operator. Each parameter is checked one at a 
time to see which parameter was selected. If one parameter was not 
selected, the system proceeds to check if the next in line was selected. 
This process of verifying which parameter was selected continues either 
until it is determined which parameter was selected or it is determined 
that the ESCape option was selected. Control flow of this determination 
process is illustrated by multiple decision blocks at 132a through 132g in 
regards to START FORWARD FORCE, START BACKWARD FORCE, MINIMUM FORCE, 
MAXIMUM FORCE, MINIMUM ISOMETRIC TENSION, CONTRACTION TIME, and RELAX 
AFTER CONTRACTION. 
The value for each force limit parameter is in newtons. Based upon a 
determination at one of multiple decision Blocks 132a through 132f that 
one of the force limit parameters was selected, the operator enters the 
parameter value for that particular selected parameter via the touch 
calculator at 133. The touch calculator appears in FIG. 6F and is utilized 
as previously described in reference to other figures. The operator will 
enter the value for each force limit parameter he or she has selected and 
then press the enter button located on the touch calculator. The computer 
controller then sets the appropriate force limit control parameter at 134 
with the new value entered by the operator for the particular control 
parameter resulting in control of the muscle exercise machine in 
accordance with the values for the particular parameters which have been 
previously defined or operator defined via this force limit parameter 
selection. 
Once the system has set the appropriate force limit control parameter in 
accordance to the entered value, control is transferred to transition 
Block D to indicate that the operator may then make another selection as 
to which parameter he or she desires to change. The operator then can 
select another force limit parameter to be changed by making the 
appropriate indication on the touch screen or, in the alternative, at the 
keyboard. 
Based upon a conclusion at 132a through 132f that none of the force limit 
parameters were selected to have the units changed, a determination is 
made at 132g whether the RELAX AFTER CONTRACTION option was selected. 
RELAX AFTER CONTRACTION is a toggle or flip-flop parameter whereby a value 
of "yes" is changed to "no" or a value of "no" is changed to "yes" at 135. 
This results in the display showing the new VALUE AFTER CONTRACTION 
parameter as indicated by transfer of control to transition Block D. 
As indicated at decision Block 132h, entry of the ESCape option results in 
transfer of control to transition Block B which causes the system to 
display at 115 the protocol parameters which the operator may change as 
illustrated in FIG. 6D. Processing would then continue with selection of 
the protocol parameters to be changed by the operator as previously 
described. In the event none of the force limit parameters are selected to 
be changed and the ESCape option also is not selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block D. Transition Block D is provided in this 
instance to indicate that the system waits, continuing to display at 130 
the force limit parameters on display screen 30a as illustrated in FIG. 
6F, until an appropriate selection is made by the operator. 
The operator created protocol can be stored in memory for future use. The 
operator stores the protocol by entering a desired protocol name via the 
keyboard. The system then stores the protocol as identified by the entered 
name. The selected protocol name is then also placed in an appropriate 
position within the list of protocol names, a portion of which appear in 
the window on display 30a when the operator makes a protocol selection. 
DETAILED OPERATION: SCREEN DISPLAY 
Referring to FIG. 5D, the control flow in modifying the screen display 
parameters will now be described. Based on a determination at 117c that 
the operator selected the SCREEN DISPLAY parameters to be changed, control 
was transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- SD. This determination 
results in display of the screen display parameters at 140 in FIG. 5D. The 
screen display parameters which the operator can change include the BASE 
LINE, SCALE, MARKERS, and TRACERS parameters. The parameters displayed at 
140 are displayed on display 30a as illustrated in FIG. 6G. The operator 
then selects the screen display parameter to be changed at Block 141 by 
touching the appropriate parameter on the touch screen or entering the 
digit to the left of the appropriate parameter at the keyboard. 
A determination is made as to which screen display parameter the operator 
selected for change. As before, a determination is made by the system one 
parameter at a time and continues until either a parameter is found to 
have been selected or it is determined that the operator selected the 
ESCape option. This one at a time process is illustrated in the multiple 
decision blocks in FIG. 5D generally at 142. Based upon a determination at 
142a that the BASE LINE parameter was selected, the operator may then 
either increase or decrease the base line parameter for each trace which 
is on, by touching the appropriate UP or DOWN prompts on the touch screen. 
The display appearing on display 30a as a result of the determination at 
142 is illustrated in FIG. 6H. 
A determination is made at 143a whether the operator pressed the UP zone. 
Based upon a determination of 143a that the operator selected UP, the base 
line is moved up in a vertical direction from its present position at 
144a. However, based upon a determination at 143b that the operator 
desires to move the base line of the screen display vertically downward 
from its present location, the base line is moved vertically downward at 
144b from its present location. Whether the base line is moved upward or 
downward at 144a or 144b, control is transferred to transition Block 2 
permitting the operator to further move the base line either upward or 
downward or accept the present location of the base line. This is 
indicated by transfer of control from Blocks 144a and 144b to transition 
Block 2 which results in the system waiting until either the UP or DOWN 
options or the ACCEPT option is selected by the operator. 
Based upon a determination at 143c that the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option, a determination is made at 145 whether the next trace is "on". If 
it is determined at 145 that the next trace is "on", control is 
transferred to transition Block 2. In other words, the system waits until 
the operator modifies the base line in the UP or DOWN direction for the 
next trace or selects the ACCEPT option. If it is determined at 145 that 
the next trace is not "on", control is transferred to transition Block E 
provided for purposes of illustration to indicate that the screen display 
parameters are displayed at 140 as illustrated in FIG. 6G. Processing of 
operator selection of screen display parameters to be changed will 
continue with scale, markers, and tracers parameters. 
Traces which may be "on" for any given test include angle, velocity, force, 
EMG1 and EMG2. By default, one trace will be "on". The trace which is "on" 
by default depends on the selected protocol. The decision at 145 whether 
the next trace is "on" determines whether a trace other than the default 
trace is on. If no traces are "on", i.e. the operator turned all traces 
"off", the display parameters will continue to be displayed at 140 until 
one or more traces are turned "on". 
Based upon a determination at 142b that the operator selected the SCALE 
screen display parameter at 141, control is transferred to transition 
Block 3 resulting in display of the display screen illustrated in FIG. 6I. 
FIG. 6I illustrates the display which permits the operator to change the 
scale of the screen display for each trace which is "on". The scale of the 
screen display is displayed in newtons or pounds for force, degrees for 
angle, degrees per second for velocity and millivolts for EMG1 and EMG2. 
The operator can either increase or decrease the scale for each trace by 
respectively pressing the UP or DOWN touch screen keys. Referring to FIG. 
5E, based upon a determination at 146a that the operator pressed the UP 
key, the scale in terms of newtons is increased at 147a, i.e. moved up, to 
increase the scale size. A higher scale will be desired when higher 
amounts of force are produced in order to display the variations of the 
force. 
Based upon a determination at 146b that the DOWN key on the change scale 
display illustrated in FIG. 6I was pressed, the scale in terms of newtons 
will be decreased at 147b, i.e. moved down. The smaller scale can be 
utilized when smaller amounts of force are produced. Whether the scale was 
moved up or down, control is transferred to transition Block 3 provided 
for illustration to indicate that the system waits until further 
selections in terms of moving the scale up or down or acceptance of the 
scale are made by the operator. 
Based upon a determination at 146c that the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option by pressing the ACCEPT key or zone on the display as illustrated in 
FIG. 6I, a determination is made at 148 as to whether the next trace is 
"on". If the next trace is "on", control is then returned to transition 
Block 3 in order to permit changing the scale parameter of the next trace 
of the screen display by the operator in terms of moving the scale up or 
down or accepting the scale in its current state. Based upon a 
determination at 148 that the next trace is not "on", control is 
transferred to transition Block E resulting in display of the screen 
display parameters at 140 as illustrated in FIG. 6G. This permits the 
operator to enter via either the touch screen or the keyboard another 
screen display parameter which he or she desires to modify. As with many 
of the screens and options previously described, if neither the UP key nor 
the DOWN key is pressed nor the ACCEPT option selected, the system waits 
continuing to display the scale parameter screen as illustrated in FIG. 6I 
until the operator takes an affirmative action in terms of moving the 
scale up or down or accepting the present value of the scale parameter. 
Based upon a determination at 142c that the operator selected the MARKERS 
parameter from the screen display parameters displayed at 140, control is 
transferred to transition Block 4 resulting in display of the marker 
screen which is illustrated in FIG. 6J. As with the base line and scale 
parameter modifications and screens, the operator has the option of 
increasing or decreasing the marker by pressing the UP or DOWN touch key 
located at the base of the screen illustrated in FIG. 6J. The markers are 
horizontal feedback markers which can be increased or decreased on a scale 
of force units such as newtons or pounds or velocity units of degrees per 
second depending on the selected protocol. 
Referring to FIG. 5F, based upon a determination at 149a that operator 
indicated a desire to move the marker up, i.e. increase the marker, 
indicated by pressing the UP touch key, the marker is moved up at 150a. 
Based upon a determination at 149b that the operator desires to decrease 
the marker and made such an indication by pressing the DOWN touch key or 
zone, the marker is moved down or increased at 150b. Whether the marker 
has been increased or decreased, i.e. moved up or down, at 150a or 150b, 
respectively, control is transferred to transition Block 4 provided for 
illustration to indicate that the marker parameter will retain its current 
value until the operator either further increases or decreases the marker 
or accepts the marker at its present value. 
Based upon a determination at 149c that the operator desired to ACCEPT the 
marker at its present value by indication on the touch screen, control is 
transferred to transition Block 5 to permit modification of the other 
horizontal markers by the operator. If the ACCEPT selection has not been 
made and the UP and DOWN zones have not been pressed, the marker parameter 
will maintain its present value and remain unchanged until some positive 
action is taken on the part of the operator. This is indicated by 
transition Block 4 in FIG. 5D. 
Referring to FIG. 5H, processing of the marker parameter continues at 
transition Block 5 in order to permit modification of the subsequent 
horizontal markers. A screen similar to FIG. 6J is displayed with the 
identification at the top indicating marker 2 and its value or any 
subsequent marker and its corresponding value. As with FIG. 5D and 
description of the modification of the marker, based upon a determination 
at 151a that the operator desires to increase marker 2 and indicates such 
a desire by pressing the UP zone or touch key, the marker presently being 
changed is moved up at 152a. Based upon a determination at 151b that the 
operator desires to decrease the marker presently being changed and makes 
an indication of such desire by pressing the DOWN touch key or zone on the 
touch screen, the marker is decreased or moved down at 152b in terms of 
newtons of force. 
The marker will maintain its present value until the operator either makes 
another indication to move the marker UP or DOWN or selects the ACCEPT 
option. Based upon a determination at 151c that the ACCEPT option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block E resulting in 
display at 140 of the screen display parameters permitting the operator to 
change any of those screen display parameters including those which have 
already been modified. The modification of the markers will continue until 
all markers have been modified and accepted or accepted, without 
modification, at which time, control will be transferred to transition 
Block E resulting in display at 140 of the screen display parameters which 
are illustrated in FIG. 6G. 
Based upon a determination at 142d that the operator selected the TRACES 
parameter from the screen display parameters displayed at 140, control is 
transferred to transition Block 6. Referring to FIG. 5G, transition Block 
6 is expanded to indicate the flow of the modification of the tracers 
screen display parameter displayed at 153. The trace parameters which the 
operator can change include ANGLE, VELOCITY, FORCE, EMG1 and EMG2 as 
illustrated in FIG. 6K. The values for any of these parameters associated 
with the trace parameter are limited to "on" or "off". Thus, selection by 
the operator to change any of these trace parameters results in a 
flip-flop or toggle of the on-off value, from "on" to "off" or from "off" 
to "on". 
A determination is made as to which trace parameter was selected for 
change. The determination process is illustrated by multiple decision 
blocks indicated at 154. If it is determined that the operator has 
determined that he or she desires to change a particular parameter's 
value, the particular parameter value will be toggled or flip-flopped from 
"on" to "off" or from "off" to "on" for providing a trace based on ANGLE, 
VELOCITY, FORCE, EMG1 or EMG2. This toggling occurs at 155. If none of the 
parameters were selected for change by the operator, i.e. the system has 
determined that the angle has not been selected at 154a, velocity has not 
been selected at 154b, force has not been selected at 154c and EMG1 or 
EMG2 have not been selected at 154d or 154e, respectively, a determination 
will be made whether the ESCape option was selected by the operator. Based 
upon a determination at 154f that the ESCape option was selected, control 
is transferred to transition Block E resulting in display of the display 
parameters at 140 which the operator can change. These parameters which 
the operator can change are illustrated in FIG. 6G. If the ESCape option 
was not selected and no other options of the ANGLE, VELOCITY, FORCE, or 
EMG(s) parameter traces were selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block 6 resulting in continued display at 153 of the display 
parameter traces as illustrated in FIG. 6K which can be turned "on" or 
"off". 
DETAILED OPERATION: SETS, REPS & TURNS 
Referring to FIG. 5I, control of the processing as a result of an operator 
indication of a desire to change the SETS, REPS, & TURNS parameters for 
the operator defined protocol being created will now be described. As a 
result of determination at 117d of FIG. 5B that the operator desires to 
change the SETS, REPS & TURNS parameters, the SETS, REPS & TURNS 
parameters and values are displayed at 160. The operator is permitted to 
set values for the REPETITIONS PER SET, NUMBER OF SETS, and RECOVERY TIME 
via a touch calculator. Additionally, the operator can change the TURNING 
POINTS, both FORWARD and BACKWARD, to be set to either LOW, MEDIUM, or 
HIGH. An example of the display containing these parameters and values as 
well as the touch calculator is illustrated in FIG. 6L. 
The REPETITIONS PER SET, NUMBER OF SETS and RECOVERY TIME are set via the 
touch calculator. The setting of these values is accomplished by touching 
the parameter whose value is to be changed, entering the new value on a 
touch key calculator and pressing the ENTER key or box. After the enter 
key or box is pressed, the operator then can select another parameter to 
be changed or in the alternative can change the FORWARD or BACKWARD 
TURNING POINTS. The FORWARD or BACKWARD TURNING POINTS can changed by 
pressing the desired touch screen key on the display or by entering the 
digit to the left of the desired range on the keyboard. 
Once the operator makes a selection of the desired parameter at 161, a 
determination is made as to which parameter has been entered. Since the 
user activity is the same whether the REPETITIONS PER SET, NUMBER OF SETS, 
or RECOVERY TIME parameters was selected, these three parameters will be 
discussed together. Based upon a determination at 162a to change the value 
of the REPETITIONS PER SET parameter, at 162b to change the NUMBER OF SETS 
parameter, or at 162c to change the RECOVERY TIME parameter, the new value 
for the parameter selected is entered at 163 by touching the touch 
calculator on the screen as illustrated in FIG. 5L. Alternatively, the new 
parameter value can be entered via the keyboard. Once the new parameter 
value has been entered by the operator via the touch calculator or the 
keyboard, the parameter selected for change, i.e. REPETITIONS PER SET, 
NUMBER OF SETS, or RECOVERY TIME, is set at 164 according to the value 
entered by the operator. Once the parameter selected has been set to the 
new parameter value, control is transferred to transition Block F which 
results in continued display at 160 of the SETS, REPS, AND TURNS 
parameters. In other words, the operator is then permitted to select 
another parameter within the SETS, REPS, AND TURNS option to be modified. 
Control proceeds in processing of the SETS, REPS AND TURNS option similar 
to the processing with the other options in that multiple decision blocks 
are processed. If the REPETITIONS PER SET, NUMBER OF SETS, and RECOVERY 
TIME parameters, in that order, were not selected by the operator, a 
determination is made as to whether the TURNING POINTS FORWARD parameter 
has been selected to be modified by the operator via an indication of LOW, 
MEDIUM or HIGH turning point in the forward direction. A determination is 
first made at 162d whether the FORWARD LOW value was selected. If FORWARD 
LOW was not selected, a determination is made at 162e whether FORWARD 
MEDIUM was selected. Finally, if FORWARD MEDIUM was not selected, a 
determination is made at 162f whether FORWARD HIGH was selected. If the 
operator made an indication to change either the FORWARD LOW, FORWARD 
MEDIUM, or FORWARD HIGH value for the turning point forward parameter, the 
value for the forward turning speed, i.e. initial acceleration of the 
lever arm out of a turning point, is set at 165a according to the value of 
the parameters indicated, i.e. LOW, MEDIUM, or HIGH. 
If the operator did not make an indication to change the forward turning 
speed parameter, a determination is then made in sequential order as to 
whether the operator has made an indication to change the backward turning 
point parameter. A determination is first made at 162g whether the 
operator selected the backward turning speed parameter to be set to LOW. 
If a value of low was not selected by the operator, a determination is 
made at 162h whether an indication was made to set the backward turning 
speed parameter to MEDIUM. Finally, if no indication was made to set the 
backward turning speed parameter to MEDIUM, a determination is made at 
162i whether the operator made an indication to set the backward turning 
speed equal to HIGH. Regardless of which value the operator desired the 
backward turning speed parameter be set to, the backward turning speed 
parameter is set at 165b according to the new value selected or indicated 
on the touch screen or entered on the keyboard by the operator to indicate 
the deceleration going into a turning point. 
Finally, if none of the parameters were selected by the operator to be 
modified, a determination is made at 162j whether the operator selected 
the ESCape option. Based upon a determination at 162j that the ESCape 
option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block B 
resulting in the display at 115 of the protocol parameters, e.g. speed of 
exercise or force limits, as illustrated in FIG. 6D permitting the 
operator to change parameter values in defining an operator defined 
protocol. If the ESCape option was not selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block F1 to indicate that the system waits, continuing to 
display the display illustrated in FIG. 6L, until a positive action is 
taken on the part of the operator to either change one of the values of 
the parameters displayed in FIG. 6L or to accept the parameters as 
indicated by selecting the ESCape option to return to the main changeable 
parameters display at 115 which is illustrated in FIG. 6D. 
DETAILED OPERATION: SAVING PROTOCOLS AND BEGINNING EXERCISE 
Referring to FIG. 5J, the control flow of the process resulting from a 
determination at 117f in FIG. 5B that the operator indicated an acceptance 
of the parameters as currently defined will now be described. Once the 
operator has indicated acceptance of the parameters as currently valued, 
all the parameters and the values for the protocol defined by the operator 
are displayed at 170. One example of the display containing the protocol 
parameters and values defined by an operator is illustrated in FIG. 6M. 
This display summarizes the exercise which the operator has designed. The 
operator is given the option of saving the exercise so that this 
particular operator defined protocol can be retained for future use. In 
the event this operator defined protocol is saved, it can be retrieved at 
any future time by selecting it in the protocol selection process (see 
FIG. 6C). Alternatively, once saved, any operator defined or predefined 
protocol can be removed from memory during the protocol selection process 
(see FIG. 6C). In the event that one of the protocols already resident in 
memory, i.e. predefined or stored operator defined protocols, is selected, 
the summary of the protocol parameters and values for that particular 
protocol, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6M, is displayed at 
170 on screen display 30a. 
The operator selects at 171 one of the three options appearing on the 
display in FIG. 6M, i.e. ESCape, SAVE, or BEGIN EXERCISE via the touch 
screen. A determination is made as to which option was selected generally 
indicated at 172. Based upon a determination at 172a that the ESCape 
option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block B 
resulting in display of the protocol parameters (e.g. speed of exercise or 
force limits) at 115, permitting the operator to further change the 
parameters in the operator defined protocol. These parameters have been 
previously discussed with reference to FIG. 5B and the display containing 
the parameters illustrated in FIG. 6D. The selection of the ESCape option 
permits the operator to make further changes to an operator defined 
protocol whether it has been previously stored in memory or defined during 
this present session as well as permits the operator to make modifications 
to the predefined protocols even if already changed. 
Based upon a determination at 172b that the SAVE option was selected, the 
scroll box containing a portion of the list of existing protocol names is 
displayed at 173. Selection of the SAVE option indicates that the protocol 
as presently defined and presently appearing on the display is to be 
saved. The scroll box containing a partial list of the protocol names is 
displayed in a screen display similar to that illustrated in FIG. 6C. The 
operator can scroll up and down the list of protocol names appearing in 
the window or scroll box. This scrolling is performed as previously 
described. The operator can scroll up the list to view those protocol 
names appearing in alphabetical order before those presently in the 
viewing window by touching the UP area of the scroll box. Similarly, the 
operator can view those names listed in alphabetical order which follow 
those presently in the viewing window by pressing the DOWN portion of the 
scroll box on the touch screen (Block 174). 
Based upon determination at 175a that the operator selected at 174 the UP 
portion of the scroll box, the names listed in the window portion of the 
scroll box will move down resulting in the previous name appearing in the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area 176a. Similarly, based upon a 
determination at 175b that the operator indicated a desire to scroll DOWN 
the list of protocol names appearing in the window or scroll box, the list 
of names in the window portion would move up in a vertical direction 
resulting in the succeeding name appearing in the horizontal selection 
area (Block 176b). Whether the operator indicated a desire to scroll up or 
scroll down the list of protocol names in the window or scroll box, 
control is transferred to transition Block H2 provided for illustration 
purposes to indicate that the operator may then select another option of 
processing on the list of protocol names including further scrolling up 
the list, further scrolling down the list, adding a name to the protocol 
list, accepting a name appearing in the horizontal selection area of the 
window or scroll box or selecting the ESCape option. 
Based upon a determination at 175c that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block H resulting in display at 170 
of all the protocol parameters with the present values. An example of this 
display containing parameters and values is illustrated in FIG. 6M. This 
would then permit the choice of further changing protocol parameters, 
saving the protocol, or beginning the exercise. 
A determination is made at 175d whether the operator has selected the ADD 
option. If the ADD option was selected, the operator enters a name at 177 
via the keyboard. The name entered by the operator via the keyboard is 
then added to the list of protocol names, a portion of which appears in 
the window. The values of the protocol parameters defined by the operator 
will be stored in association with the name keyed in by the operator. The 
storage will occur in accordance with the database architecture previously 
described. The protocol defined by the operator can then be retrieved in 
the future by selecting the protocol name in the scroll box via the 
keyboard or the touch screen. Control is then transferred to transition 
Block A resulting in the display at 104 of the protocol operation options 
including the CREATE, REMOVE and RETRIEVE PROTOCOL options as illustrated 
in FIG. 6B. 
In the event that the list in the window portion of the scroll box is not 
scrolled UP or DOWN, the ESCape option is not selected and the ADD option 
is not selected, a determination is made at 175e whether the operator 
selected the ACCEPT option. If the ACCEPT option was selected, the 
parameter values displayed at 170, an example which is illustrated in FIG. 
6M, replace those parameter values of the parameters associated with the 
protocol appearing in the horizontal selection area of the window or 
scroll box. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that storage 
of the new values can be accomplished in a number of ways. The parameter 
values previously associated with the parameter name in the horizontal 
selection area can be deleted and the new values are written into the same 
storage locations. A second method provides over-writing of the old values 
by the new values in the same storage location. A third method is based on 
indirect accessing via pointers by altering the pointers to point from the 
previous values to the new values. Regardless of which method is used, the 
result is the same in that the new values, i.e. the parameter values 
displayed at 170 and defined by the operator, are the new values 
associated with the protocol name in the horizontal selection area (Block 
178). Once replacement of the values is made, control is transferred to 
transition Block A resulting in the display of the protocol options at 104 
as illustrated in FIG. 6B thereby permitting the operator to create, 
remove, or retrieve a protocol. In the event the ACCEPT option also is not 
selected by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block H2 
provided for illustration purposes to indicate that the scroll box 
containing the partial list of protocol names will remain as displayed 
until some positive action is taken on the part of the operator. 
Based upon a determination at 172c that the BEGIN EXERCISE option was 
selected, a prompt is made on the display at 179 seeking verification of 
the selection to begin the exercise. The prompt is in the form of "ARE YOU 
SURE?" The operator then responds to the verification prompt by entering 
the verification via the touch screen or in the alternative, the keyboard 
at 180. A determination is made at 181 generally as to whether the 
operator responded in the affirmative or the negative to the verification 
prompt. Based upon a conclusion of 181a that the operator selected the 
"yes" option, thereby responding to the verification prompt in the 
affirmative, control is transferred to transition Block J. Transfer of 
control to transition Block J results in starting of the training exercise 
beginning with operator selection of how the results of the exercise are 
to be displayed. Based upon a determination at 181b that the operator 
selected the "no" option indicating a negative response to the 
verification prompt, control is transferred to transition Block H. 
Transfer of control to transition Block H results in continuous display of 
FIG. 6M whereby the operator can select from the ESCAPE, SAVE or BEGIN 
EXERCISE options. Finally, if neither the "yes" or "no" options were 
selected, the system waits until the operator selects one of the responses 
to the verification prompt, either in the affirmative or negative. This 
waiting until a selection is made by the operator is indicated by 
transition Block H4. 
DETAILED OPERATION: PROTOCOL REMOVAL 
Referring to FIG. 5K, the control flow resulting from selection by the 
operator to remove the particular protocol appearing in the highlighted 
selection area of the scroll box will now be described. Control was 
transferred to transition Block L based on the determination at 106b of 
FIG. 5A that the REMOVE PROTOCOL option was selected. As a result of 
selection of the REMOVE PROTOCOL option, a scroll box containing a partial 
list of protocol names is displayed at 183. An example of the display 
containing the partial list of protocol names in the scroll box is 
illustrated in FIG. 6C. The operator has the option of scrolling up or 
down the list of protocol names appearing in the window portion, accepting 
the protocol name presently in the highlighted or horizontal selection 
area of the window portion of the scroll box or selecting the escape 
option. Once the operator has selected an option at 184 by touching the 
appropriate portion of the touch screen, a determination is made generally 
at 185 whether the scroll box was touched, i.e. whether the up or down 
portion of the scroll box was touched. 
Based upon a determination at 185 that the scroll box was touched at the UP 
indicator at the top of the scroll box, the list of protocol names will be 
moved downward at 186 resulting in the previous name appearing in the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area. Similarly, based upon a 
determination at 185a that the scroll box was touched at the DOWN 
indicator in the scroll box, the protocol names listed in the window will 
be moved upward at 186 resulting in the succeeding name in alphabetical 
order appearing in the horizontal selection area as a result of the down 
indication (Block 183). Control is then transferred to transition Block L 
permitting further scrolling of the protocols in the scroll box. 
A determination is made at 185b whether the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option. If the ACCEPT option was selected, a determination is made at 187 
whether a particular protocol accepted is a locked protocol. An example of 
a locked protocol name which cannot be removed from the database is one of 
the standard protocols, e.g. isokinetic. Since these protocols are 
standard they are protected so as to prevent inadvertent deletion by an 
operator. If the protocol is locked, the protocol will not be removed from 
the database (Block 188) and an indication is made to the operator that 
the protocol name desired to be deleted from the database was a locked or 
protected protocol name. Control is then transferred to transition Block A 
which results in display of the protocol options as illustrated in FIG. 
6B. 
However, if the protocol name does not identify a locked or protected 
protocol, the protocol associated with that name is deleted at 189 from 
the database. The manipulation of the database architecture was previously 
discussed with reference to FIG. 4. It will be understood by those skilled 
in the art as to how to manipulate the database in order to accomplish 
deletion of this particular protocol. For example, the deletion may be 
performed by deleting the protocol name or deleting the index or key 
access into the database rather than deleting all of the data accessible 
via the index, key or protocol name. Control is transferred to transition 
Block A resulting in display at 104 of FIG. 5A of the protocol options. 
The display containing the protocol options including CREATE, REMOVE and 
RETRIEVE is illustrated in FIG. 6B. 
DETAILED OPERATION: PROTOCOL RETRIEVAL 
Referring to FIG. 5L, the control flow of protocol processing in relation 
to a selection by an operator to retrieve a particular protocol will now 
be described. As previously mentioned, based upon a determination at 105c 
of FIG. 5A that the operator selected the RETRIEVE option from the 
protocol options displayed at 104, control is transferred to transition 
Block K. Operator selection of the RETRIEVE PROTOCOL option results in 
display at 190 of the scroll box containing a partial list of protocol 
names in the scroll box. An example of a scroll box containing a partial 
list of protocol names is illustrated in FIG. 6C. A determination is made 
generally at 191 as to which option is selected by the operator in terms 
of indicating that the scroll box be scrolled UP or DOWN, ACCEPTING the 
protocol name appearing in the horizontal selection area of the scroll box 
or selecting the escape option. This determination is illustrated as a 
multiple decision block generally at 191. 
Based upon a determination at 191a that the scroll box was touched, the 
partial list of protocol names appearing in the window portion of the 
scroll box will be scrolled up or down. Specifically, if the UP area of 
the scroll box was touched by the operator, the partial list appearing 
within the window will be moved downward at 192 resulting in the previous 
protocol name in alphabetic order appearing in the horizontal selection 
area. Similarly, if the DOWN indicator of the scroll box was touched by 
the operator, the partial list of protocol names appearing in the window 
or scroll box will be moved upward at 192 resulting in the succeeding 
protocol name in alphabetical order appearing in the horizontal selection 
area. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block K provide for simplicity of 
illustration to indicate that the display of the scroll box will remain 
unchanged until the operator makes a further selection in terms of 
scrolling the box, ACCEPTing the protocol name appearing in the horizontal 
selection area or selecting the ESCape option. 
Based upon a determination at 191b that the ACCEPT option was selected by 
the operator, the protocol name appearing in the horizontal selection area 
is retrieved at 193. Retrieval of the data, i.e. protocol options and 
parameter values, associated with this particular protocol name from the 
data files is in accordance with the previous description of the database 
architecture. A determination is made at 194 whether the protocol 
identified by the protocol name is locked or protected. In the event that 
the protocol name which is retrieved is a locked name as determined at 
194, the locked protocol options associated with the locked protocol name 
are displayed at 195. The operator then has the option of either escaping 
the present mode or beginning an exercise session based upon the selected 
protocol, albeit locked. 
Once the operator has made a selection of these two options at 196, a 
determination is made at 197a whether the ESCape option was selected. If 
the ESCape option was selected by the operator, control is transferred to 
transition Block A resulting in display of the protocol options at 104 of 
FIG. 5A including CREATE, REMOVE, or RETRIEVE PROTOCOL as illustrated in 
FIG. 6B. However, based upon a determination at 197b that the BEGIN option 
was selected by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block J 
in order to start the training exercise based upon the selected, albeit 
locked, protocol. In the event that neither the ESCape option nor the 
BEGIN option were selected by the operator, control is transferred to 
decision Block K2 provided for ease of illustration to indicate that the 
system waits in its current state and continues to display the protocol 
options of the locked protocol name until the operator makes a selection 
of either ESCape or the BEGIN option. 
Based upon a determination at 194 that the operator selected a protocol 
name which was not locked, the unlocked protocol options are displayed at 
198. The operator can then select among the options of ESCape, EDIT or 
BEGIN. As a result of the operator selection at 199 of one of the options, 
a determination is made at 200 as to which option was selected. Based upon 
a determination at 200a that the ESCape option was selected by the 
operator, control is transferred to transition Block A resulting in 
display at 104 of FIG. 5A of the protocol options including CREATE, 
REMOVE, or RETRIEVE as illustrated in FIG. 6B. This permits the operator 
to select another protocol option other than retrieval or in the 
alternative to select retrieval again and select a different protocol 
name. 
If it is determined at 200b that the operator selected the EDIT option, 
control is transferred to transition Block B resulting in display at 115 
of the protocol parameters options which the operator may choose to modify 
or change as illustrated in FIG. 6D. This permits the operator to modify a 
protocol rather than use the one it has selected via this retrieval 
process. If neither the ESCape or EDIT option was selected, a 
determination is made at 200c whether the operator selected the BEGIN 
option. Based upon a determination at 200c that the BEGIN option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block J resulting in start 
of the training exercise by permitting the operator to control what is to 
be done with any results of the training exercise. Finally, if none of the 
options were selected, control is transferred to transition Block K1 
provided for purposes of illustration to indicate that the system waits 
continuing to display the unlocked protocol options for the retrieved 
protocol, until the operator takes some positive action and selects one of 
the three options, namely ESCape, EDIT or BEGIN. 
DETAILED OPERATION: TRAINING FEEDBACK MODIFICATION 
Control of the protocol definition and training exercise which is reached 
via transition Block J from various points in the protocol definition and 
selection process will now be described. Referring to FIG. 5M, the control 
flow for operator selection of what is to be done with any results in the 
form of data obtained from a training exercise based upon a selected 
protocol name is illustrated. As a result of transfer of control to 
transition Block J based upon a desire at various points in the protocol 
selection process to begin an exercise based upon the protocol selected, a 
menu is displayed at 210 containing the training feedback options 
including CONTINUOUS, OVERLAY, and STORE. These options are displayed on 
display 30a as illustrated in FIG. 6N. Selection of the CONTINUOUS 
feedback option results in a continuous sweep of the patient's production 
over a specified time interval in a graph format over the length of the 
trace. Selection of the OVERLAY feedback provides display of a given curve 
on the screen during the exercise which the patient can use as a "goal" to 
achieve maximal or submaximal, e.g. average, results. Finally, selection 
of the STORE EXERCISE feedback option results in the storage of the data 
results of the exercise to be performed by the patient. The STORE EXERCISE 
feedback option is often used in combination with the evaluation option 
which can be performed at a later date in the future. 
More specifically, selection of the option can be made by the operator 
simply by touching the appropriate feedback option on the touch screen 
display within the box enclosing the particular option. Alternatively, the 
operator may enter the digit located to the left of the option on the 
keyboard. Once the input has been made at 211 by the operator, a 
determination is made generally at 212 as to which option was selected. 
This is illustrated by a multiple decision block at 212. Based upon a 
determination at 212a that the CONTINUOUS feedback option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block CONTINUE. If the continuous 
feedback option was not selected, a determination is made at 212b whether 
the overlay feedback option was selected. If the overlay feedback option 
was selected by the operator, control is passed to transition Block OVER. 
In the event that neither the CONTINUOUS nor the OVERLAY feedback options 
were selected by the operator, a determination is made at 212c whether the 
STORE EXERCISE option was selected by the operator. If selected, the state 
of the STORE EXERCISE option is "toggled" or "flip-flopped" at 213 from 
either "off" to "on" or from "on" to "off". Toggling to "on" of this 
parameter results in storage of the data obtained from the exercise or 
evaluation. Once the state of the STORE EXERCISE feedback option has been 
toggled, control is transferred to transition Block J provided for ease of 
illustration to indicate that the training feedback option display 
illustrated in FIG. 6N will continue to be displayed at 210 in order to 
permit the operator to select other training feedback options as well as 
to change his or her mind as to the status of the start exercise feedback 
option. 
Finally, if none of the training feedback options were selected by the 
operator, a determination is made at 212d whether the operator selected 
the ESCape option. Based upon a determination at 212d that ESCape was 
selected, control is passed to transition Block BEGIN1. This results in 
display at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options such as isokinetic and 
protocol. If neither the ESCape option nor any of the three training 
feedback options was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
JJ1 provided for ease of illustration to indicate that the training 
feedback option parameters retain their present value and the training 
feedback option display as illustrated in FIG. 5N remains displayed until 
the operator makes an appropriate selection of one or more of the training 
feedback options or the ESCape option. 
DETAIL OPERATION: CONTINUOUS TRAINING FEEDBACK CONTROL MODIFICATION 
Referring to FIGS. 5N and 5O, the setting of the various parameter values 
for the selection of the continuous training feedback option will now be 
described. As previously mentioned, if the operator made an indication on 
the touch screen or the keyboard that he or she desired to make use of the 
CONTINUOUS training feedback option, control was transferred to the 
transition Block CONTINUE in FIG. 5M. Selection of this continuous 
training feedback option requires the initial setting of the start and 
stop angles for the range of motion in order to ensure safety during the 
training or evaluation procedures. The operator is prompted at 220 for the 
input of the STOP ANGLE via the display illustrated in FIG. 6O. The 
operator then proceeds to enter the stop angle value at 221 by locating 
the exercise element such as the exercise arm at the appropriate place for 
the particular patient where the rotation of the particular exercise 
should stop. The stop angle of the exercise machine is set according to 
the stop angle value at 222 entered by the operator via placement of the 
exercise element. Finally, the stop angle is displayed at 223 in degrees 
as illustrated in the example display screen in FIG. 6O. 
The exercise machine also has the capability of providing an ANATOMICAL 
REFERENCE. This option permits anatomical reference to the patient's joint 
so that the correct goniometric angles can be displayed on the screen 
during training. Referring to FIG. 6O, the ANATOMICAL REFERENCE option is 
either in the "off" state or the "on" state. Selection of the option is 
controlled by a toggle or flip-flop. As illustrated in FIG. 6O, the 
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE option is presently in the "off" state. In order to 
toggle the state of the anatomical reference to "on", the operator must 
indicate at 224 selection of the ANATOMICAL REFERENCE. A determination is 
made at 225 whether the state of the anatomical reference was toggled by 
the operator. If the operator switched the state of the anatomical 
reference, a determination is then made at 226 as to whether the 
anatomical reference is "on". If the anatomical reference is in the "on" 
state at 226, control is transferred to transition Block J1 provided for 
ease of illustration to indicate that the displayed at 220 as illustrated 
in FIG. 6O remains on display 30a permitting the user to change the stop 
angle or ACCEPT the stop angle or in the alternative to ESCape the present 
start and stop angle initialization process. 
If ANATOMICAL REFERENCE is set to "off", the operator is prompted via the 
display illustrated in FIG. 6P to anatomically reference the exercise 
element with the patient's joint position. This is accomplished by moving 
the exercise element 227 to be used by the particular joint to be 
exercised to the appropriate reference angle whereby the angle will appear 
on the screen. The anatomical reference angle of the exercise machine is 
set according to the joint position at 228. The actual joint angle as the 
reference angle is then displayed at 229. The operator then can ACCEPT the 
angle or ESCape the present angle setting process to begin the exercise. 
Consistent with the touch screen interface, the operator selection is made 
at 230 making the appropriate indication on the touch screen. Based upon a 
determination at 231 that the ESCape option was selected by the operator, 
control is transferred to transition Block BEGIN1. This results in display 
at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options, e.g. isokinetic or protocol. 
A determination is made at 232 as to whether the ACCEPT option was 
selected. If the ACCEPT option was not selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block J3 provided for ease of illustration to indicate that the 
system waits seeking either reading of a new ANATOMICAL REFERENCE angle or 
selection of the ESCape or ACCEPT options via the touch screen. Based upon 
a determination at 232 that the ACCEPT option was selected, the touch 
calculator appearing in FIG. 6P will appear on the display permitting the 
operator to enter at 233 the displayed anatomical angle via the touch 
calculator. The "real" reference angle value is set at 234 according to 
the value entered by the operator via the touch calculator. 
The operator is then prompted to move the joint angle in a more positive 
direction as appears in the display in FIG. 6Q. The exercise element is 
moved in a positive direction and the system reads this direction of the 
angle at 235. The positive direction is relative to the side of the 
machine which the patient is sitting on (see FIG. 1). If the patent has 
changed sides of the machine, the positive direction will be accordingly 
reversed. The operator may then either ACCEPT the angle values or ESCape 
the present processing mode to begin the exercise. An indication of 
ACCEPTANCE or ESCape is made at 236 and a determination is made at 237 as 
to whether the ESCape option has been selected. If the ESCape option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block BEGIN1. This results 
in display at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options such as isokinetic 
and protocol. 
A determination is made at 238 whether the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option. Based upon a determination at 238 that the ACCEPT option was not 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block J4 provided for 
illustration to indicate that the system remains unchanged, permitting the 
operator to enter a new direction of the angle. 
Based upon a determination at 238 that the ACCEPT option was selected, the 
operator is notified via display 30a by a prompt at 239 that the 
anatomical reference is now set, as illustrated in FIG. 6Q. The operator 
then has the options of ESCaping the present mode, ACCEPTING the present 
settings, REDOing the present settings, or selecting the GRAVITY 
CORRECTION option. Consistent with the touch screen interface for 
selection of previous options, the operator enters his or her selection at 
240 via the touch screen. 
A determination is made as to which option was selected. The determination 
flow is illustrated generally at 241 by multiple decision blocks. Based 
upon a determination at 241a that the ACCEPT option was selected, control 
is transferred to transition Block J1 resulting in display at 220 of FIG. 
6O permitting the operator to set the start angle or reset the stop angle. 
Based upon a determination at 241b that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block BEGIN1. This results in display 
at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options, e.g. isokinetic or protocol. If 
it is determined at 241c that the REDO option was selected on a touch 
screen by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block J3 
provided for purposes of illustration to indicate that the operator can 
reset the anatomical reference angle value beginning at 227. 
If neither the ACCEPT, ESCAPE or REDO options were selected, a 
determination is made at 241d as to whether the GRAVITY CORRECTION option 
was selected. If the GRAVITY CORRECTION option was selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block Grav. This permits collection of training 
or evaluation data adjusted in order to allow for corrections based upon 
gravity. Based upon a determination at 241d that the gravity correction 
also was not selected, control is transferred to transition Block J5 
provided for illustration to indicate that the system waits, continuing to 
display the display illustrated in FIG. 6Q until some positive action is 
taken on the part of the operator to select one of the four available 
options. 
Based upon a determination at 225 that the ANATOMICAL REFERENCE option was 
not selected by the operator, a determination is made at 225b whether the 
ACCEPT option was selected by the operator. If the ACCEPT option was not 
selected, a determination is made at 225c whether the ESCape option was 
selected. If the ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block BEGIN1 resulting in display at 101 of FIG. 5A of the 
exercise options such as isokinetic and protocol. However, if the ACCEPT 
option and the ESCape option were not selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block J1 provided for ease of illustration to indicate that the 
system waits, continuing to display FIG. 6O until the operator takes some 
positive action by making an indication on the touch screen of a selection 
of one of the options. 
Based upon a determination at 225b that the ACCEPT option was selected, the 
stop angle set at 222 is stored in memory at 250. The stored stop angle is 
then displayed at 251 along with the present position of the exercise 
element. An example of the display is illustrated in FIG. 6R. The operator 
can then enter a start angle value at 252 by locating the exercise element 
at a desired position. The start angle is set at 253 equal to the angle 
determined by the location of the exercise element. 
The operator then has the options of RESETting the stop and start angles, 
ACCEPTing the angles as set which appear in the display as illustrated in 
FIG. 6R or ESCaping the present stop and start angle setting process to 
select a different exercise. A selection is entered at 254 on the touch 
screen as is consistent with the touch screen interface. A determination 
is made based upon sequential multi-decision blocks, indicated generally 
at 255, as to which option was selected. Based upon a determination at 
255a that the operator desires to RESET the stop and start angles, control 
is transferred to transition Block J1 resulting in the display of FIG. 6O 
at 220 whereby the operator can again set the stop and start angles as 
well as the anatomical reference. Based upon a determination at 225b that 
the ACCEPT option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
J6 which begins the continuous training exercise collection portion of the 
process. 
Finally, if the RESET and ACCEPT options were not selected, a determination 
is made at 255c whether the operator selected the ESCape option. If the 
ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
BEGIN1 resulting in display at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options such 
as isokinetic and protocol. However, if none of the options were selected 
by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block J2 provided 
for illustration to indicate that the system remains in its present state 
continuing to display FIG. 6O until such time as the operator takes some 
positive action by indicating a selection of the RESET, ACCEPT, or ESCape 
options via the touch screen. 
DETAILED OPERATION: EXERCISING AND CHANGE BOX 
Referring to FIG. 5P, the control flow for initialization of the continuous 
training and exercise collection portion of the computer controller for 
the exercise machine will now be described. Based upon a determination at 
255b of FIG. 5N that the stop and start angles were accepted, the 
continuous training exercise collection portion is begun resulting in a 
"real time" display at 270. Additionally, the exercise element is 
presently locked or frozen at 270 so as to prevent movement of the 
exercise element until actual training (exercise) or evaluation begins. 
The trace along with the forward and backward speed values, the reps and 
number of sets as well as the options to START EXERCISE, CHANGE SET UP 
(parameter values) or ESCape the present continuous exercise collection 
portion processing are displayed on a screen, an example of which is 
illustrated in FIG. 6S. 
Consistent with the touch screen interface, the operator makes an 
indication of the selected option at 271 via the touch screen. A 
determination is made as to which option the operator has selected. This 
determination is illustrated generally at 272 by sequential multiple 
decision blocks. Based upon a determination at 272a that the ESCape option 
was selected, control is transferred to transition Block BEGIN1 resulting 
in display at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options, e.g. isokinetic and 
protocol. This permits the operator to abort the present exercise and 
select a different exercise. 
If it is determined at 272b that the operator selected the CHANGE SETUP 
option on the touch screen, control is transferred to transition Block 
CHANGE BOX. CHANGE BOX permits the operator to change the values of 
protocol parameters and then return to the exercise. Once CHANGE BOX 
processing is complete, control is transferred back to the continuous type 
of exercise collection portion resulting in the real time display and 
continual locking of the exercise element at 270. 
Following a determination that the ESCape and the CHANGE SETUP option were 
not selected, a determination is made at 272c whether the START EXERCISE 
option was selected. If the START EXERCISE option was not selected, the 
display illustrated in FIG. 6S remains on display 30a and the computer 
controller for the exercising machine waits until the operator selects one 
of the options on the touch screen. 
Based upon a determination at 272c that the START EXERCISE option was 
selected, the exercising machine is controlled by the computer controller 
based upon the parameter values for the protocol selected containing any 
operator defined protocol parameter values (Block 273). A real time 
display containing the forward and backward speed, a count of the exercise 
repetitions and sets, and a trace of the exercise (training) or evaluation 
progress appears on the display 30a at 273, an example of which is 
illustrated in FIG. 6T. The exercise or training by the patient continues 
until the operator selects either the ESCape or the STOP EXERCISE option. 
Consistent with the touch screen interface for option selection, an option 
is selected by making an indication of the desired option on the touch 
screen at 274. 
A determination is made as to whether the ESCape or the STOP EXERCISE 
option was selected. This determination is illustrated generally at 275 as 
sequential multiple decision blocks. Based upon a conclusion at 275a that 
the escape option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
BEGIN1 resulting in display at 101 of FIG. 5A of the exercise options such 
as isokinetic or protocol. This permits the operator to abort the present 
exercise and select a new exercise. 
Based upon a determination at 275b that the STOP EXERCISE option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block J6 provided for 
illustration purposes to indicate that the display, such as the example 
illustrated in FIG. 6S, appears on the display 30a portion of monitor 30 
and the exercise element such as the lever arm will be frozen to prevent 
movement of the exercise element as a safety precaution against injury 
(Block 270). This permits the operator to stop the exercise and readjust 
parameter values. If neither the ESCape or STOP EXERCISE options are 
selected, the exercise machine will continue to be controlled by the 
computer controller in accordance with the parameter values for the 
particular protocol selected and the results of the exercise or evaluation 
will continue to be displayed at 273 similar to the example in FIG. 6T. 
Exercise continues until the ESCape or STOP EXERCISE option is selected by 
the operator or the number of repetitions and sets is equivalent to the 
corresponding parameter values. 
Referring to FIG. 5Q, the control flow of the process for changing protocol 
parameter values during an exercise based upon a determination at 272b of 
FIG. 5P of a selection of the CHANGE SETUP option will now be described. 
Selection of the CHANGE SETUP option results in the display at 290 of the 
type of protocol parameters which can be changed. An example of the 
display appearing on display 30a is illustrated in FIG. 6U. Consistent 
with the touch screen interface selection of options, a selection of the 
protocol parameter to be changed is entered via the touch screen at 291. 
A determination is made generally at 292 as to which option the operator 
selected. This determination is illustrated as sequential multiple 
decision blocks. Based upon a conclusion at 292a that the SPEED protocol 
parameter is to be changed, the SPEED protocol parameters will be 
displayed at 293 on display screen 30a, an example of which is illustrated 
in FIG. 6V. As previously described in relation to selecting the speed 
parameter values, the operator first selects at 294 the speed parameter to 
be set via the touch screen. The SPEED FORWARD and SPEED BACKWARD 
parameters can be set in either order and are set by making an indication 
of the parameter to be set on the touch screen followed by entry of the 
parameter value on the touch calculator located on the right portion of 
the screen as illustrated in FIG. 6V. 
Based upon a determination at 295a that the SPEED FORWARD parameter was 
selected to be set or at 295b that the SPEED BACKWARD parameter is to be 
set, the parameter value is entered at 296 via the touch calculator. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block B2 resulting in display at 
293 of the new values for the speed parameters selected. The display of 
the speed parameters and the new values, if changed, will remain on 
display 30a until the operator either changes the parameters again, 
selects the ESCape option, or selects the RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a determination at 295c that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block B1 resulting in display at 290 
of the protocol parameters which can be changed, as illustrated in FIG. 
6U. If neither the SPEED FORWARD or SPEED BACKWARD parameters were 
selected and the ESCape option was not selected, a determination is made 
at 295d whether the RETURN option was selected. If the RETURN option was 
selected, control is returned back to the exercise from which CHANGE BOX 
receives control. However, if it is determined that the RETURN option also 
is not selected, the system waits continuing to display FIG. 6V until the 
operator makes a selection of one of the options via the touch screen. 
If it is determined at 292a that the SPEED protocol parameter option was 
not selected, a determination will be made sequentially as to whether the 
FORCE, SCREEN DISPLAY, or SETS AND REPS protocol parameter options were 
selected. Based upon a conclusion at 292b that the FORCE protocol 
parameter option was selected to be changed, control is transferred to 
transition Block C.sub.-- FD, where the operator can change the force 
parameters and then return to the exercise. If it is concluded at 292c 
that the operator selected the SCREEN DISPLAY protocol parameters to be 
changed, control is transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- SD. This 
permits the operator to change the settings of the screen display options 
and then return to continue the training or evaluation of the patient. 
Based upon a determination at 292d that the SETS AND REPS option was 
selected by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block 
C.sub.-- SR. Selection of the SETS AND REPS protocol parameter permits the 
operator to change the number of sets or number of repetitions per set as 
well as the recovery time and then return to continue the training or 
evaluation based upon the new values. 
Finally, if none of the protocol parameters have been selected, a 
determination is made at 292e whether the ESCape option was selected. If 
the ESCape option illustrated in FIG. 6U was selected, control is 
transferred back to the exercise from which the CHANGE BOX routine 
received control. However, if the ESCape option also was not selected, the 
display illustrated in FIG. 6U will continue to be displayed until the 
operator selects one of the protocol parameters to be changed or the 
ESCape option by making an indication at the appropriate location on a 
touch screen. 
Referring to FIG. 5R, the control flow of modification of the force 
protocol parameters will now be described. Transition Block C.sub.-- FD 
received control based upon a determination at 292b (FIG. 5Q) that the 
operator selected the FORCE parameters at 290 to be changed. A 
determination is first made as to which type of exercise is presently 
being performed. This determination, generally at 300, is made as 
consistent with other determinations where a multiple sequential decision 
block is required. 
Based upon a determination at 300a, that the present exercise is an 
isokinetic exercise, the force parameters and values are displayed at 301. 
An example of the display is illustrated in FIG. 6W. Consistent with the 
touch screen interface, the operator makes the selection of the force 
parameter to be modified by indicating the selection at the appropriate 
location on the touch screen (Block 302) and entering the new parameter 
value for the selected force parameter via the touch calculator located on 
the right side of the display illustrated in FIG. 6W. A decision is made 
generally at 303 as to which of the options the operator has selected. 
This is illustrated as a multiple sequential decision block. Based upon a 
determination at 303a that the START FORWARD FORCE parameter was selected, 
at 303b that the START BACKWARD FORCE parameter was selected, or at 303c 
that the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter was selected, the value for that 
particular parameter selected is entered at 304 via the touch calculator. 
Control is then returned to transition Block CF.sub.-- 2 provided for 
purposes of illustrating that the display illustrated in FIG. 6W continues 
to be displayed containing the new values until the values of any of the 
parameters are charged or the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE options are 
selected. 
Based upon a conclusion at 303d that the ESCape option was selected by the 
operator, control is transferred to transition Block B1 resulting in 
display at 290 of FIG. 5Q of the protocol parameters which can be changed 
in mid-exercise. This permits the operator to change other protocol 
parameter values before returning to the exercise. If it is determined at 
303e the operator selected the RETURN TO EXERCISE option, control is 
returned back to the exercise from which the CHANGE BOX routine received 
control. The exercise or evaluation then continues as controlled by the 
computer controller based upon the old parameter values and any new values 
set during the CHANGE BOX procedure. In the event none of the options are 
selected, the system waits, continuing to display the force settings as 
illustrated in FIG. 6W until the operator indicates the desire to change 
values of one or more of the force parameters or selects the escape or 
return to exercise option. 
Based upon a conclusion at 300b that the present exercise is a passive 
exercise, the force parameters will be displayed at 305. An example of the 
display is illustrated in FIG. 6X. Consistent with previous forms of 
input, the operator selects the passive exercise force parameter to be 
changed at 306 by making an indication on the touch screen. Since this is 
a passive exercise, only the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter can be changed. A 
determination is made at 307a whether the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter has been 
selected for modification. If the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter was selected, 
the new value is entered at 308 on the touch calculator located at the 
right side of FIG. 6X. The new value for the maximum force parameter will 
be indicated in newtons of force adjacent to the maximum force parameter. 
The system waits until the operator changes the maximum force parameter 
value again or selects the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a conclusion at 307a that the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter was not 
selected for modification, a determination is made at 307b whether the 
ESCape option was selected by the operator. If the ESCape option was 
selected by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block B1 
resulting in display of the protocol parameters at 290 of FIG. 5Q which 
may be changed by the operator and which are illustrated in FIG. 6U. 
Alternatively, if it is determined at 307c that the RETURN TO EXERCISE 
option was selected, control is transferred back to the exercise from 
which the CHANGE BOX procedure received control resulting in the patient 
continuing training or evaluation whereby the exercise machine is 
controlled based upon the old parameter values and any new parameter 
values selected by the operator. If none of the options were selected, the 
computer controller waits as indicated by transition Block B5 until the 
operator indicates a desire to change the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter or 
selects the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a determination at 300c in FIG. 5R that the present exercise is 
an isometric exercise, control is transferred to the transition Block 
F.sub.-- ISM. Transition Block F.sub.-- ISM transfers control to permit 
the operator to change the force parameters for isometric exercises so 
that the exercise machine can be controlled based on new values for the 
isometric exercise force parameters. Finally, based upon a conclusion at 
300d that the present exercise is an isotonic exercise, control is 
transferred to transition Block F.sub.-- IST. This permits the operator to 
change the force parameters related to isotonic exercises so as to control 
the exercise machine pursuant to the new values for the isotonic exercise 
currently in progress. 
Referring to FIG. 5S, the control flow for modification of the sets and 
repetitions protocol parameters will now be described. Control is received 
as a result of a determination at 292d of FIG. 5Q that the operator 
indicated a desire to change the SETS AND REPS parameters. As was the case 
with the force parameter, a determination is made generally at 310 as to 
the type of present exercise. This is illustrated using a multiple 
sequential decision block. Based upon a conclusion at 310a that the 
present exercise is either a passive or isokinetic exercise, the present 
values for the repetitions and sets parameters as well as the recovery 
time are displayed at 311, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6Y. 
Consistent with the touch screen interface, the operator selects a 
parameter to be changed or the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option by 
making an indication in the appropriate location on the touch screen 
(Block 312). 
Referring generally to 313 in FIG. 5S, the multiple decision block 
processing used to determine which option was selected by the operator is 
illustrated. Based upon the determination at 313a, 313b, and 313c, 
respectively, that the operator indicated a desire to modify the 
REPETITIONS PER SET value, to modify the NUMBER OF SETS value, or to 
modify the RECOVERY TIME value, the new value is entered at 314 via the 
touch calculator located on the right side of the display as illustrated 
in FIG. 6Y. As indicated by transition Block CR.sub.-- 2, control is 
returned to the display at 311 of the sets and repetitions parameters to 
permit further modification of the sets and repetitions parameters or 
selection of the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE options. 
Based upon a determination at 313d that the operator selected the ESCape 
option, control is transferred to transition Block B1 resulting in display 
of the protocol parameters at 290 in FIG. 5Q which the operator can change 
pursuant to the present exercise. These protocol parameters are displayed 
as illustrated in FIG. 6U. Finally, based upon a conclusion at 313e that 
the operator selected the RETURN TO EXERCISE option, control is 
transferred back to the exercise from which the CHANGE BOX processing 
received control. The patient will then continue the training or 
evaluation procedure whereby the exercise machine is controlled by the 
computer controller based on the old parameter values for the particular 
protocol and any new values set for the parameters during the CHANGE BOX 
processing. 
Based upon a conclusion at 310b that the present exercise is an isometric 
exercise, control is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- ISM. This 
permits modification of the parameters for controlling the sets and 
repetitions options for an isometric exercise on the muscle exercise 
machine. Finally, if a determination is made at 310c that the present 
exercise is an isotonic exercise, control is transferred to transition 
Block R.sub.-- IST. This permits modification by the operator of the 
values for the sets and repetition parameters for an isotonic exercise 
resulting in computer control of the exercising machine during an isotonic 
exercise based upon the new sets and repetition parameter values. 
Referring to FIG. 5T, the modification procedure for changing the force 
parameters associated with an isotonic exercise will now be described. The 
force parameters and values for an isotonic exercise are displayed at 320 
as a result of a determination at 300d in FIG. 5R that the present 
exercise for which the operator desires to change the force protocol 
parameters is an isotonic exercise. The force parameters displayed at 320 
appear on display 30a as illustrated in FIG. 6Z. Consistent with the touch 
screen interface, the operator makes a selection of a parameter to be 
changed or the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option at 321 by making an 
indication on the touch screen at the appropriate location. 
As indicated generally by 322, a multiple sequential decision block 
illustrates the decision process by the computer controller in deciding 
which of the force parameters the operator is changing or whether the 
ESCape or RETURN OPTION was selected. Based upon a determination at 322a 
that the FORCE FORWARD parameter was selected to be changed, at 322b that 
the FORCE BACKWARD parameter was selected to be changed, or at 322c that 
the MINIMUM FORCE parameter was selected to be changed, the new value for 
the selected parameter is entered at 323 via the touch calculator located 
on the right side of the display as illustrated in FIG. 6Z. Control is 
transferred to transition Block F.sub.-- IST provided for ease of 
illustration to indicate that the display will continue to be displayed on 
the monitor containing the new value for the parameter which was changed 
until another parameter is selected for modification or one of the ESCape 
or RETURN TO EXERCISE options are selected. 
Based upon a determination at 322d that the operator selected the ESCape 
option, control is transferred to transition Block B1 resulting in display 
at 290 in FIG. 5Q of the protocol parameters which the operator can change 
during the exercise. These protocol parameters are illustrated in FIG. 6U. 
Finally, a determination is made at 322e whether the operator selected the 
RETURN TO EXERCISE option. If the RETURN TO EXERCISE option was selected, 
control is returned to the present isotonic exercise whereby the patient 
continues the exercise or evaluation process on the exercise machine as 
controlled by the computer controller based upon the protocol parameters 
in light of any changes made by the operator to the values of those 
parameters. If none of the parameters have been selected or changed nor 
the options selected by the operator, the system remains in its present 
state as indicated by transition Block IF.sub.-- 4 resulting in continued 
display of the force parameters associated with an isotonic exercise which 
may be changed by the operator until one or more of the force parameters 
are modified or one of the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE options is 
selected. 
Referring to FIG. 5U, the control flow of the process for changing the 
force parameters associated with an isometric exercise will now be 
described. Based upon a determination at 300c of FIG. 5R that the present 
exercise is an isometric exercise and a desire by the operator to change 
the force parameters, the force parameters associated with the present 
isometric exercise will be displayed at 330. These force parameters and 
their values are displayed to the operator on the display portion of 
monitor 30 as illustrated in FIG. 6AA. Consistent with the touch screen 
interface, the operator selects the parameter to be changed or the ESCape 
or RETURN TO EXERCISE option at 331 by making the appropriate indication 
on the touch screen. A multiple sequential decision block is provided at 
332 generally to illustrate the determination of which option was 
selected. Based upon a determination at 332a that the operator selected 
the MINIMUM ISOMETRIC TENSION to be changed or at 332b the operator 
selected the MAXIMUM FORCE parameter to be changed, the new value for the 
selected parameter is entered at 333 via the touch calculator located on 
the right side of the display as illustrated in FIG. 6AA. Once the new 
value for the parameter has been entered, the new value is indicated on 
the display at 330 after which the operator can select another parameter 
to be changed or select the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a determination at 332c that the operator desired to change the 
for RELAX AFTER CONTRACTION, the parameter's value is changed at 334. The 
RELAX AFTER CONTRACTION parameter is a toggle or flip-flop parameter 
whereby a value of "yes" is changed to "no" or a value of "no" is changed 
to "yes" at 334. This results in the display showing the new value for the 
RELAX AFTER CONTRACTION parameter and continued display at 330 of the 
force parameters from isometric exercise. The operator then can select one 
or more of the parameters to be changed or the ESCape or the RETURN TO 
EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a determination at 332d that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is returned to transition Block B1 resulting in display of the 
protocol parameters at 290 of FIG. 5Q which the operator can change. 
Finally, a determination is made at 332e whether the operator selected the 
RETURN TO EXERCISE option. If the RETURN TO EXERCISE option was selected, 
control is returned to the exercise to permit the patient to continue the 
training or evaluation process on the muscle exercise machine as 
controlled by the computer controller based upon the parameters associated 
with the protocol including any new values for the parameters set by the 
operator. If none of the force parameters associated with the isometric 
exercise were selected or changed and neither the ESCape or RETURN TO 
EXERCISE options were selected, the computer controller waits, continuing 
to display the parameters as illustrated in FIG. 6AA until the operator 
selects one or more of the parameters to be changed or either the ESCape 
or RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Referring to FIG. 5V, the control flow for changing the sets and repetition 
parameters associated with an isotonic exercise will now be described. 
Based upon a determination at 310c in FIG. 5S that the present exercise is 
an isotonic exercise and that the operator desired to change the values of 
the sets and repetition parameters, a decision is made at 340 as to 
whether NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS is set to "yes". If NONCOMPLETED 
REPETITIONS is set to "yes", the computer controller does not count 
repetitions and the patient does not have to perform "complete" 
repetitions, i.e. proceed the entire distance back and forth from the 
start angle to the stop angle. 
If the NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS flag is set to "yes", the sets and 
repetition parameters limited only to the NONCOMPLETED REPETITION flag are 
displayed at 341 as illustrated in FIG. 6BB. Consistent with the touch 
screen interface, the operator can select either to change the 
NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS parameter or the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE 
options at 342 by indicating at the appropriate location on the touch 
screen. A determination is made at 343a whether the NONCOMPLETED 
REPETITION parameter was selected to be changed by the operator. If the 
NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS parameter was selected by the operator to be 
changed, the value of the parameter is toggled at 344 resulting in 
switching of the value from "yes" to "no". Control is transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- IST provided for ease of illustration to 
indicate that a query is made at 340 whether the NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS 
parameter is set to "yes". 
Based upon a determination at 343b that the operator selected the ESCape 
option, control is transferred to transition Block B1. This results in the 
display of the protocol parameters at 290 in FIG. 5Q which the operator 
can change. Finally, a determination is made at 343c whether the operator 
selected the RETURN TO EXERCISE option. If the RETURN TO EXERCISE option 
was selected by the operator, control is transferred back to the exercise 
from which the CHANGE BOX processing received control permitting the 
patient to continue training or evaluation on the exercise machine as 
controlled by the computer controller based on the protocol and any new 
values for protocol parameters. If the parameter to be changed or the 
ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE options were not selected, the system remains 
in its present state as indicated by transition Block IR.sub.-- 5 until 
the operator indicates a desire to change the NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS 
parameter or selects the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a conclusion at 340 that the noncompleted repetitions parameter 
is not set to "yes", i.e. is set to "no", the sets and repetition 
parameters are displayed at 345 as illustrated in FIG. 6CC. If 
NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS is set to "no", the patient must complete each 
repetition before starting the next repetition, i.e. changing directions. 
In other words, the patient must move the exercise element the entire 
distance from the start angle to the stop angle. Since the noncompleted 
repetitions parameter is set to no, all the reps and sets parameters are 
displayed. Consistent with the touch screen interface, the operator can 
indicate the parameter to be changed or the option to be selected at 346 
by touching the appropriate location on the touch screen. A determination 
is made as to which parameter the operator has selected to change. This 
determination is performed sequentially as illustrated generally at 347 by 
the multiple sequential decision blocks. Based upon a conclusion at 347a 
that the operator selected the NONCOMPLETED REPETITIONS parameter to be 
changed, the value of the noncompleted repetitions parameter will be 
toggled from "no" to "yes" at 348. Control is then transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- IST resulting in the query at 340 as to whether 
the noncompleted repetitions parameter is set to yes. 
Based upon a determination at 347b that the REPETITIONS PER SET parameter 
was selected, at 347c that the NUMBER OF SETS parameter was selected or at 
347d that the RECOVERY TIME parameter was selected, the new value for the 
parameter chosen to be changed is entered at 349 via the touch calculator 
located on the right side of the display as illustrated in FIG. 6CC. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block IR.sub.-- 2 resulting in 
continual display at 345 of the sets and repetition parameters containing 
any change in values made to permit further parameter value changes or 
selection of the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option. 
Based upon a determination at 347e that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block B1. This results in the display 
at 290 in FIG. 5Q of the protocol parameters which the operator can choose 
to change or modify. Finally, a determination is made at 347f whether the 
operator indicated a desire to return to the exercise. If the RETURN TO 
EXERCISE option was selected, control is returned back to the exercise 
from which the CHANGE BOX processing and ultimately the change set up 
processing received control. Thus, the patient can continue training or 
evaluation exercising on the muscle exercising machine as controlled by 
the computer controller based upon the parameters and any new values 
designated by the operator. If none of the parameters were selected for 
change and neither the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE option was selected, 
the computer controller remains in its present state and continues to 
display the sets and reps parameters at 345 until the parameters are 
selected for change or one of the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE options is 
selected. 
Referring to FIG. 5W, the control flow for operator change of the sets and 
repetition parameters associated with an isometric exercise will now be 
described. As a result of a determination at 310b of FIG. 5S that the 
present exercise is an isometric exercise and a desire by the operator to 
change the values of the sets and repetition parameters, the sets and reps 
parameters will be displayed at 350 as illustrated in FIG. 6DD. Consistent 
with the touch screen interface, input from the touch screen is made at 
351 by the operator as a result of an indication on the touch screen at 
the appropriate location for the parameter or option selected. If one of 
the sets and reps parameters was selected to be changed, the new value is 
entered at 353 via the touch calculator located on the right side of the 
display as illustrated in FIG. 6DD. Control is then transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- ISM provided for illustration purposes to 
indicate that the sets and reps parameters continue to be displayed 
containing any new values set by the operator until the operator selects a 
parameter to be changed or one of the ESCape or RETURN TO EXERCISE 
options. More specifically, based upon a determination at 352a that the 
CONTRACTION TIME was selected to be changed, at 352b that the NUMBER OF 
SETS was selected to be changed, or at 352c that the RECOVERY TIME was 
selected to be changed, the operator can enter the new value at 353 via 
the touch calculator. 
Based upon a determination at 352d that the ESCape option was selected by 
the operator, control is transferred to transition Block B1. This results 
in display of the protocol parameters at 290 in FIG. 5Q which the operator 
can change in association with the present exercise. Finally, a 
determination is made at 352e whether the operator selected the RETURN TO 
EXERCISE option. If the RETURN TO EXERCISE option was selected, control is 
transferred back to the exercise which was in progress prior to the 
selection of the CHANGE SETUP option and ultimately CHANGE BOX processing. 
This permits the patient to continue training or exercise evaluation on 
the muscle exercise machine as controlled by the computer controller based 
on the parameters for the particular protocol incorporating any new values 
for the parameters selected by the operator. If none of the parameters 
were selected to be changed, and neither the ESCape nor RETURN TO EXERCISE 
options selected, the system will remain in its present state and continue 
to display the sets and reps parameters illustrated in FIG. 6DD until the 
operator selects a parameter to be changed or one of the ESCape or RETURN 
TO EXERCISE options. 
DETAILED OPERATION: RESULT FORMATTING 
Referring to FIGS. 5X, 5Y, and 5Z, the control flow of processing of 
training results will now be described. The operator can select the type 
of display for displaying the results of an exercise. Additionally, the 
scroll box listing patients is used in selecting the patient, the test 
date, as well as the particular test results to be displayed. Consistent 
with the use of the scroll box or window in regards to selection of 
protocols, the names of the patients or users are displayed on display 30a 
from within the window or scroll box. The operator selects a patient name 
from the window by scrolling up or down the list of names, a portion of 
which is contained within the window. Scrolling the list is accomplished 
by indicating the direction to be scrolled by pressing the appropriate UP 
or DOWN box option on the scroll box. When the desired patient name 
appears within the highlighted or horizontal selection area of the window, 
the operator can ACCEPT that name via the touch screen or the keyboard. 
Another scroll box containing a partial list of test dates associated with 
the selected patient or user name will then appear on the screen. As was 
the case with the list of patient names, the operator can select a 
particular date by scrolling up or down the total list of dates by making 
the appropriate indication in the UP or DOWN portions of the scroll box 
resulting in the desired test date being located in the horizontal 
selection area of the scroll box. The operator can ACCEPT the date located 
within the horizontal selection area of the scroll box by making an 
indication on the touch screen or the keyboard. 
It is also possible to then select a particular test or evaluation 
performed on the selected data. This is also accomplished via a scroll box 
having a partial list of the tests or evaluations appearing in the window. 
The operator can make a selection by scrolling UP or DOWN the list of 
tests by indicating the direction to scroll on the touch screen. Once the 
desired test is located in the horizontal selection area, the operator can 
ACCEPT or select this test by making the appropriate indication on the 
touch screen or on the keyboard. 
More particularly, in referring to FIG. 5X, control is transferred to 
transition Block RESULTS as a result of the operator selection of a desire 
to produce results from an evaluation session. As previously mentioned, 
the operator has the option of selecting TRAINING, EVALUATION, RESULTS or 
UTILITIES and SETUP. A display is made at 400 of the type of results, 
including OVERLAY which refers to interrupted stroke and CONTINUOUS, which 
the operator can select. An example of the display which will appear on 
display screen 30a is illustrated in FIG. 6EE. Consistent with the touch 
screen interface, the operator makes a selection of the type of results at 
401 by making the appropriate indication on the touch screen or entering 
the digit to the left of the type of results on a keyboard. Based upon a 
determination at 402a that the OVERLAY type of result was not selected, a 
determination is made at 402b whether the CONTINUOUS type of result was 
selected. Based upon a determination at 402b that CONTINUOUS was not 
selected, the types of results continue to be displayed at 400 as 
indicated by the transfer of control to transition Block R.sub.-- O until 
the operator makes a selection. If CONTINUOUS was selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block CONTINUOUS RESULTS which will be described 
following the description of OVERLAY results. 
Based upon a determination at 402a that OVERLAY results were selected, the 
types of overlay results including STANDARD, COME, NUMERIC and CHANGE 
FORCE TO TORQUE types of overlay reports are displayed at 403 as 
illustrated in FIG. 6FF. Consistent with the touch screen interface, the 
operator selects the desired type of overlay report at 404 by making the 
appropriate indication on the touch screen or entering the digit to the 
left of the type on the keyboard. 
Consistent with the processing of previous situations where the operator 
can select from a number of options, a sequential multi-block decision 
flow is illustrated generally at 405. Based upon a conclusion at either 
405a that a STANDARD RESULT was selected or at 405b that COME RESULT 
type of overlay report was selected, the data for test number 1 is 
obtained at 406 using the patient scroll box processing. Control is 
transferred to transition Block PATIENT SELECTION SCROLL BOX which results 
in selection of the desired patient name from the data files. As 
previously described, the access logic provided by the database 
architecture utilizes ISAM (Indexed Sequential Access Method). The 
particular test date and test for the selected patient will also be 
obtained during the patient selection scroll box process. Upon return of 
control from the PATIENT SELECTION SCROLL BOX processing, the patient, 
test date and test for the second test to appear in the results will be 
defaulted to the patient and date for the first test (Block 407). 
The second test is then processed in order to permit modification of the 
default for the second test. A scroll box containing the tests for the 
"current" patient and date are displayed at 408. An example of the display 
is illustrated in FIG. 6GG. The display contains the test number in terms 
of the number of the test and the results, the patient name and the date 
of the evaluation or test. The window contains a partial list of the 
actual tests conducted on the particular date. Consistent with the touch 
screen interface, the operator selects at 409 the desired test for the 
specified date using the scroll box or entering the test name via the 
keyboard. 
A determination is made generally at 410 as to which of the options 
appearing in FIG. 6GG was selected by the operator. This determination 
process is illustrated using sequential multiple decision blocks. Based 
upon a determination at 410a that the operator made an indication to 
scroll UP the list of test names located in the window, the partial list 
within the window will move downward in a vertical direction resulting in 
the previous test in alphabetical order being located in the horizontal 
selection area or highlighted area (Block 411). If it is concluded at 410b 
that the operator indicated on the touch screen a desire to scroll DOWN 
the list of test names appearing in the window, the list within the window 
will move upward in a vertical direction at 411b resulting in the next 
test in alphabetical order appearing in the highlighted or horizontal 
selection area. Whether the UP zone, i.e. the UP box portion of the scroll 
box, or the DOWN zone, i.e. the DOWN portion of the scroll box, was 
touched by the operator, once the scrolling procedure is complete at 411a 
or 411b, control is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 2 resulting 
in the display remaining unchanged until the operator makes another test 
name selection or option selection. 
Based upon a conclusion at 410c that the operator entered a test name via 
the keyboard, the scroll box automatically scrolls the list of test names 
appearing in the window portion until the test name closest to that 
entered by the operator appears in the highlighted or horizontal selection 
area (Block 411c). Once the test name closest to that keyed in by the 
operator appears in the horizontal or highlighted selection area, control 
is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 2, resulting in the continued 
display as illustrated in FIG. 6GG with the closest match appearing in the 
horizontal selection area. This permits the operator to then either scroll 
the test names, key in another test name, or select one of the options on 
the touch screen. 
If neither the UP or DOWN zone were selected and the keyboard was not 
touched by the operator, a determination is made at 410d whether the 
operator indicated a desire to select a patient. This permits the operator 
to change the patient for the second test whose results are to be 
displayed. If the SELECT PATIENT option was chosen by the operator, 
control is transferred to transition Block PATIENT SELECTION SCROLL BOX. 
This results in selection of a patient name, test date and test. Based 
upon a determination at 410e that the operator indicated a desire to 
choose the SELECT DATE option, control is transferred to transition Block 
DATE SELECTION SCROLL BOX. This transfer of control permits the operator 
to select a different test date where evaluations were performed by a 
particular patient. 
A determination is made at 410f whether the operator selected the ESCape 
option. Based upon a determination that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is transferred back to the report type selection display resulting 
in display of the type of results at 400 as illustrated in FIG. 6EE. 
Finally, a determination is made at 410g whether the operator selected the 
ACCEPT option. If the ACCEPT option was selected, processing continues 
with the display of the information for test 1 and test 2. However, if the 
ACCEPT option was not selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
R.sub.-- 2 provided for purposes of illustration to indicate that the 
display remains unchanged until the operator either selects a test name, 
enters a test name via the keyboard, selects a patient or a data, accepts 
the selections or selects the escape option. 
In the event the patient or date was selected to obtain a different Test 2 
or the tests were accepted, the computer controller locates the data in 
the data files associated with the patient name, date, and tests selected. 
This data access occurs as previously described in conjuction with the 
data base architecture using the indexed sequential access method. The 
information for the first and second tests obtained from the data files is 
displayed at 412. An example of the display is illustrated in FIG. 6HH. 
Consistent with the touch screen interface, the user can select one of the 
options appearing on the display including the ESCape option, the REDO 
TEST option, or the DISPLAY option at 413. A determination is made at 414 
generally as to which of the options was selected by the operator. This 
determination is illustrated using multiple sequential decision blocks. 
Based upon a conclusion at 414a that the REDO TEST option was selected, the 
test to be redone will be displayed at 415 in red. Consistent with the 
touch screen environment, the operator selects at 416 which test is to be 
redone by making an indication on the touch screen. Whether the operator 
selects test number 1 on the touch screen or test number 2 on the touch 
screen at 417a or 417b to be redone, control is transferred to transition 
Block R.sub.-- 2 resulting in display of the current patient name and date 
as appears in the example in FIG. 6GG selected from one of the test 
summaries located in FIG. 6HH. This permits the operator to select a 
different test whether it be for a different patient or different date or 
simply a different test to replace the test previously selected to be 
displayed in the results. 
The operator also can select the ESCape option to exit the REDO processing. 
Based upon a determination at 417c that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 3 resulting in display 
of the summary for the two tests selected, an example which is illustrated 
in FIG. 6HH. In other words, this permits the operator to escape the REDO 
processing to permit the selection of a different option such as ESCape 
from the report type selection or to DISPLAY the reports. If the ESCape 
option also is not selected while in the REDO processing, control is 
transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 5 provided for illustration to 
indicate that the system waits until the operator selects one of the 
options by making an indication on the touch screen. 
Based upon a determination at 414b, that the operator selected the ESCape 
option among the choices displayed on the summary of the selected tests, 
an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6HH, control is transferred 
back to the report type selection screen resulting in display of the types 
of overlay reports at 404, as illustrated in FIG. 6FF. Finally, a 
determination is made at 414c as to whether the operator has selected the 
DISPLAY option. Based upon a conclusion at 414c that the operator did not 
select the DISPLAY option, the computer controller waits until the 
operator selects an option on the touch screen or the keyboard. However, 
if the DISPLAY option is selected, control is transferred to transition 
Block DISPLAY REPORT resulting in processing of various parameters to 
enable the computer controller to display the reports in a desired format. 
Returning generally to 405, i.e. the sequential decision block, based upon 
a determination at 405c that the numeric result option was selected at 404 
from the types of overall reports displayed at 403 as illustrated in FIG. 
6FF, control is transferred to transition Block GET NUMERIC DATA. GET 
NUMERIC DATA will be described following the description of CONTINUOUS 
RESULTS. 
Based upon a determination at 405d that the option to CHANGE FORCE TO 
TORQUE for the overlay results was selected, an internal toggle is 
switched so the display at 418 is switched from torque to force or from 
force to torque depending on its current setting. This display parameter 
is simply a flip-flop or toggle switch as used for other parameters within 
the present invention and is known to those skilled in the art. Control is 
then transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 1 resulting in the continued 
display of the types of overlay reports at 404 as illustrated in FIG. 6FF. 
This permits the operator to make another selection of type of overlay 
report. 
Finally, a determination is made at 405e whether the ESCape option was 
selected by the operator. If the ESCape option was selected, control is 
transferred to R.sub.-- 0 resulting in display of the type of results at 
400 including overlay or continuous results. These types of results appear 
on the display screen 30a as illustrated in FIG. 6EE. However, if none of 
the options of type of overlay reports were selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 1 provided for illustration to 
indicate that the computer controller providing result processing waits 
until the operator selects an option by making an indication upon the 
touch screen or the keyboard. 
Referring to FIGS. 5AA and 5BB, the control flow of display report 
processing will now be described. As a result of a determination at 414c 
that the operator selected the DISPLAY option from those illustrated in 
FIG. 6HH during the results processing, control was transferred to 
transition Block DISPLAY REPORT. This trasfer of control results in 
generation of the reports based upon the data contained in the data 
records accessed from the data files pursuant to the particular patient 
names, dates and tests selected by the operator. The operator has the 
option of controlling the generation of reports in terms of various 
factors including markers, the scale, and the medium upon which the report 
is printed. 
The data for each of the two tests selected is plotted at 430 on display 
30, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6II. Consistent with the 
touch screen interface, the operator selects at 431 one of the report 
display options including MARKERS, SCALE and PRINT to adjust the display. 
A multiple sequential decision block, generally at 432, determines which 
of the options was selected by the operator. Based upon a determination at 
432a that the MARKERS option was selected, the markers are defaulted to 
"average" markers. Average markers means there are two markers present and 
the numeric data on the display refers to the average of the data between 
the two markers. Additionally, the "current" marker, i.e. the one 
currently being adjusted, is set to left (Block 433). The adjustment 
options are then displayed at 434 on the result display, an example which 
is illustrated in FIG. 6JJ. 
The operator has the option of setting the left marker and then the right 
marker. Consistent with the touch screen interface, the operator selects 
one of the marker options at 435 by indicating the selection at the 
appropriate location on the touch screen. A determination is made at 436 
whether the average markers are set. If the average markers are not set, 
control is transferred to transition Block Mark.sub.-- V. This permits the 
operator to then set the average values. 
Based upon a conclusion at 436 that the average markers are set, a 
determination is then made as generally indicated at 437 as to which 
marker option the operator selected via touch screen. This determination 
is illustrated as a sequential multiple decision block. Based upon a 
conclusion at 437a that the operator selected the ESCape option, control 
is transferred to transition Block D.sub.-- 1 resulting in display of the 
result plot and markers permitting the operator to further modify the plot 
by selecting a plot parameter option at 431. 
The operator can move the "current" marker to the left or to the right 
resulting in adjustment of the values on the screen. Based upon a 
determination at 437b that the operator selected the LEFT ARROW (.rarw.) 
as illustrated in FIG. 6JJ indicating a desire to move the "current" 
marker to the left, the computer controller shifts the "current" marker to 
the left at 438 and then adjusts the values on the screen accordingly. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block D.sub.-- 2 permitting the 
operator then to make another selection at 435 to further adjust any of 
the marker options. If it is determined at 437c that the operator selected 
the RIGHT ARROW (.fwdarw.) touch key as illustrated in FIG. 6JJ indicating 
a desire to move the "current" marker to the right, the computer 
controller shifts the "current" marker to the right and adjusts the data 
displayed on display 30a in accordance with the new location of the 
"current" marker (Block 439). As an example of a left shift, referring to 
FIGS. 6II and 6JJ, the marker has been moved to the left resulting in 
change of the range of motion from 10 to 80 degrees in FIG. 6II to 10 to 
50 degrees in FIG. 6JJ. The computer controller then recomputes the 
averages for the tests based upon this newly defined range of motion. 
The operator can also switch from average markers to value marker by 
selecting the SET VALUE touch key. Based upon a determination at 437d that 
the SET VALUE option was selected, the marker is changed to one value 
marker and the computer controller will adjust the display to indicate 
this change (Block 440). Value marker means that just one marker is 
present and the numeric data on the display refers to the data values 
under the marker. The value marker can be moved to the right or left, thus 
moving the display of the data as it is under the marker. 
Finally, the operator can select which marker is defined as the "current" 
marker to permit movement of both the right and the left markers. This 
permits the operator to shift the right marker if desired once the left 
marker has been shifted and vice versa. Based upon a conclusion at 437e 
that the SET LEFT/SET RIGHT option was selected, the "current" marker will 
be toggled to equal the right marker at 441. The "current" marker flag is 
a toggle or flip-flop and merely has one of two values. If the value of 
the "current" marker is set to left and the SET LEFT/SET RIGHT option is 
selected, the "current" marker will be set to right. Similarly, if 
"current" marker is presently set to right, selection of the SET LEFT/SET 
RIGHT option will result in the "current" marker being set to left. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block D.sub.-- 0 provided for 
purposes of illustration to indicate that the operator can select another 
option in order to further adjust the format of the markers in the display 
of the test results. Similarly, if none of the options were selected by 
the operator, control is transferred to D.sub.-- 2 provided for purpose of 
illustration to indicate that the system waits, i.e. the report will 
remain unadjusted, until the operator either selects the ESCape option or 
one of the marker adjustment options. 
Returning to the multiple decision block generally at 432, based upon a 
determination at 432b that the ESCape option as illustrated in FIG. 6II 
was selected, control is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- 3. This 
results in display of the summary information at 412 for the two tests 
selected by the operator, the example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6HH. 
This permits the operator then to either select a different test or 
display the test again or change the report type. Based upon a 
determination at 432c that the operator selected the SCALE option as 
illustrated in FIG. 6II, the computer controller will prompt the operator 
at 442 to enter a new scale value from the keyboard. Key entry via the 
keyboard at 443 of the new scale value causes the computer controller to 
adjust the Y axis as well as the values located along the Y axis of the 
tests presently being displayed according to the new scale. Control is 
then trasferred to transition Block D.sub.-- 10 which results in 
adjustment of the test results on the display causing a new plot of the 
test data on the display for all test results being displayed at 430. 
Finally, a determination is made at 432d whether the PRINT option was 
selected by the operator via the touch screen or the keyboard. Based upon 
a determination at 432d that the PRINT option was selected, the test 
result report presently displayed on display 30a is printed on the line 
printer (Block 444). This permits the operator to maintain a "hard copy" 
of the test result whether it be in standard, comparison, or any other 
type of report as selected by the operator at 405 of FIG. 5X. Control is 
then transferred to transition Block D.sub.-- 1 provided for purposes of 
illustration indicating that the operator can make another selection of 
the report format options including MARKERS, SCALE and PRINT. Control is 
also transferred to transition Block D.sub.-- 1 based upon a determination 
at 432d that the PRINT option was not selected. This transfer of control 
to transition Block D.sub.-- 1 is a result of a determination that 
generally at 432 that none of the options were selected, and is provided 
for purposes of illustration indicating that the system remains in a wait 
state until the operator makes a selection of one of the options. 
Referring to FIG. 5CC, control of the processing following a determination 
at 436 of FIG. 5BB that the average markers were not set will now be 
described. A sequential multiple decision block is provided generally at 
450 to determine which of the options is selected by the operator when the 
average markers are not set. Based upon a determination at 450a that the 
ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
D.sub.-- 1 permitting the operator to make a selection of one of the 
display parameters at 431, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6II, 
including MARKERS, SCALE and PRINT. 
The operator may also shift the marker to the left or the right even though 
the average markers are not set. Based upon a determination at 450b that 
the operator selected the LEFT ARROW (.rarw.) expressing a desire to move 
the marker to the left, the marker is moved to the left at 451 resulting 
in the computer controller adjusting the values according to the new 
marker location. Based upon a determination at 450c that the operator 
indicated a desire to move the marker to the right by touching the RIGHT 
ARROW (.fwdarw.) on the touch screen, the marker is shifted to the right 
at 452 resulting in the computer controller adjusting the values on the 
display in accordance with the new location of the marker. Whether the 
operator selected the left arrow or the right arrow to shift the marker 
one direction or the other, control is transferred to transition Block 
D.sub.-- 2 once the adjustment of the marker and the values has been made 
on the display by the computer controller. Transfer of control to 
transition Block D.sub.-- 2 permits the operator to make another selection 
as to marker format at 435 of FIG. 5AA. 
Finally, a determination is made at 450d whether the operator selected the 
SET AVERAGE option. Based upon a conclusion that the operator selected the 
SET AVERAGE option, the marker is changed to two average markers at 453. 
As previously described, this means that two markers appear on the display 
with the numeric data referring to the average of the data between the two 
markers. Additionally, the "current" marker is set to the left marker at 
453. Finally, the computer controller adjusts the values on the display in 
accordance with the new locations of the markers and the new "average" 
markers (Block 453). Control is then transferred to transition Block 
D.sub.-- 0 resulting in a new plotting of the test results based upon any 
adjustments to the markers and values made by the operator. This permits 
the operator to make further adjustments to the test result display format 
parameters. 
If none of the options including ESCape, SHIFT LEFT, SHIFT RIGHT, or SET 
AVERAGE were selected by the operator, control is transferred to 
transition Block D.sub.-- 2 indicating that the system waits until the 
operator selects one of the options. 
Referring to FIG. 5DD, the control flow of the PATIENT SELECTION SCROLL BOX 
processing will now be described. Generally, this processing permits 
operator selection of patient names and ultimately test dates and 
individual tests using the scroll box containing a window portion and 
UP/DOWN selection options. This scroll box permits data retrieval using 
the window and UP/DOWN options without requiring the operator to know how 
the data is organized and without requiring the operator to assign or 
remember a particular file name for the data. The data is stored as 
previously described in reference to the database architecture utilizing 
ISAM (Indexed Sequential Access Method). 
More specifically, as a result of operator selection of the STANDARD 
RESULT, COMISON RESULT, or NUMERIC RESULT type of overlay report 
formats at 404 of FIG. 5X and based upon a determination that one of these 
formats was selected, the scroll box is displayed at 460 of FIG. 5DD on 
display 30a containing a partial list of the patient names. An example of 
the display appearing on display 30a containing the scroll box with a 
partial list of patient names appearing in the scroll box is illustrated 
in FIG. 6KK. The patient names will appear in either upper or lower case 
or both upper and lower case depending upon the key entry of the patient 
name by the operator. Consistent with the touch screen interface, the 
operator selects one of the options at 461 including scrolling UP or DOWN 
the list of patient names, entering a patient name via the keyboard, or 
selecting either the ESCape or ACCEPT option. A determination is made 
generally at 462 as to which option was selected by the operator as 
indicated by the sequential multiple decision block. 
Based upon a conclusion at 462a that the operator touched the UP zone of 
the window or scroll box on the touch screen, the list of names located in 
the window will be moved downward in a vertical direction resulting in the 
previous name being located in the highlighted or horizontal selection 
area within the window (Block 463). Similarly, based upon a determination 
at 462b that the operator indicated a desire to scroll down the list of 
patient names by touching the DOWN zone of the scroll box, the list of 
names appearing in the scroll box is moved upward in a vertical direction 
resulting in the next name in alphabetic order being located in the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area within the scroll box (Block 
464). Once the scrolling is completed by the computer controller, 
regardless of the direction of scrolling, control is transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- S1 provided for illustration purposes to 
indicate that the system waits, continuing to display the adjusted partial 
list within the window, i.e. either the next or previous name located in 
the highlighted or horizontal selection area, until the operator selects 
another option. 
A determination is made at 462c whether the operator selected the ESCape 
option. Based upon a determination at 462c that the ESCape option was 
selected, control is transferred to the processing whereby the types of 
overlay reports are displayed on display 30a, an example of which is 
illustrated in FIG. 6FF. This permits the operator to select a different 
overlay type format for the test report results. The types of overlay 
reports are then displayed at 403 of FIG. 5X. 
Based upon a determination at 462d that the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option, the list of dates or tests associated with the patient name 
located within the highlighted or horizontal selection area of the window 
or scroll box are retrieved at 465. Thus, selection of the ACCEPT option 
results in the operator's accepting the patient name appearing in the 
selection area. The list of dates for the selected patient are retrieved 
at 465 in accordance with the process described by the database 
architecture. Control is then transferred to transition Block DATE SCROLL 
BOX ROUTINE. This permits the operator to select the desired test date 
using the scroll box similar to the selection of the patient name. 
Finally, a determination is made at 462e whether the operator touched the 
keyboard rather than indicated a selection of one of the options on the 
touch screen. Based upon a conclusion at 462e that the operator did touch 
the keyboard, the partial list of patient names appearing in the window 
are scrolled to locate the name closest to the name entered by the 
operator on the keyboard (Block 466). Thus, the closest matching name to 
that keyed in by the operator is located in the highlighted or horizontal 
selection area of the window. Control is then transferred to transition 
Block R.sub.-- S1 permitting the operator to make another selection of one 
of the options including scrolling UP or DOWN of the list of names, 
entering a name via the keyboard, or selecting either the ACCEPT or ESCape 
option. 
If none of the options were selected by the operator, control is 
transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- S1 provided for illustration 
purposes to indicate that the system remains unchanged until the operator 
indicates his or her selection of scrolling the list of patient names, 
entering a patient name via the keyboard, or selection of the ESCape or 
ACCEPT options at 461. 
Referring to FIG. 5EE, the control flow of processing for selecting the 
test date for a particular patient will now be described. Based upon an 
operator's acceptance at 461 as determined at 462d of a particular patient 
name, the list of test dates for the particular patient was retrieved at 
465. This transferred control to transition Block DATE SCROLL BOX ROUTINE. 
This transfer of control results in display of the test dates associated 
with the "current" patient name, i.e. the patient selected by the operator 
(Block 470). The list of test dates is displayed in the scroll box whereby 
a partial list of test dates appears in the scroll box, an example which 
is illustrated in FIG. 6LL. The test dates can be stored in a number of 
different orders. This particular embodiment stores the test dates in 
numeric order based on ASCII representation. Consistent with the touch 
screen interface, the operator can either scroll the list of test dates UP 
or DOWN, enter a test date via the keyboard, or select either the ESCape 
or ACCEPT option by making an indication at the appropriate location on 
the touch screen at 471. 
A determination is made generally at 472 as to which option the operator 
selected. The decision is illustrated generally at 472 by a sequential 
multiple decision block. Based upon a determination at 472a that the 
operator indicated a desire to scroll up the list of test dates by 
touching the UP zone of the scroll box, the list of test dates in the 
window is moved downward in a vertical direction at 473 resulting in the 
previous date in reverse chronological order being located in the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area within the window. Similarly, 
based upon a decision at 472b that the operator indicated a desire to 
scroll down the list of test dates by touching the DOWN zone of the scroll 
box, the list of test dates appearing in the window is moved upward in a 
vertical direction at 474 resulting in the next date in chronological 
order being located in the highlighted or horizontal selection area of the 
window. Whether the operator scrolled UP or DOWN the list of test dates, 
control is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- S2 permitting the 
operator to select another option including further scrolling of the test 
dates, key entry of a test date, or selection of either the ESCape or 
ACCEPT option. 
If it is determined at 472c that the operator selected the ESCape option, 
control is transferred back to the report type selection screen, i.e. FIG. 
6FF. This results in display of the types of overlay reports at 403 of 
FIG. 5X, including STANDARD RESULT, COMISON RESULT, NUMERIC RESULT, or 
CHANGE FORCE TO TORQUE, which the operator may select to display the test 
results. 
Based upon a determination at 472d that the ACCEPT option was selected, the 
list of tests conducted on the particular selected date are retrieved. In 
other words, once the operator has determined the particular test date for 
which he or she wants to review the results, all the tests conducted on 
that date will be retrieved. The acceptance causes retrieval for all tests 
conducted on the particular date located in the highlighted or horizontal 
selection area of the window or scroll box. Retrieval of the tests is 
consistent with the database architecture previously described using ISAM 
(Indexed Sequential Access Method). This retrieval occurs at Block 475. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block TEST SCROLL BOX ROUTINE. 
Finally, a determination is made at 472e whether the operator touched the 
keyboard. Based upon a determination at 472e that the operator did touch 
the keyboard, the computer controller scrolls the list of dates appearing 
in the window in the appropriate direction to locate the closest matching 
date in the highlighted or horizontal selection area to the date keyed in 
by the operator via the keyboard (Block 476). Once the closest 
chronological date to that entered by the operator is located in the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area, control is transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- S2. This results in the system waiting until the 
operator scrolls the scroll box in the UP or DOWN direction, enters 
another date via the keyboard, or selects either the ESCape or ACCEPT 
option. 
If it is determined at 472e that the operator did not touch the keyboard, 
and consequently, selected none of the options, control is transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- S2. This transfer of control is provided for 
illustration purposes to indicate that the system will wait until the 
operator selects one of the options available as illustrated in FIG. 5LL 
including scrolling UP or DOWN the list of test dates, entering a test 
date via the keyboard, or selecting the ACCEPT or ESCape option. 
Referring to FIG. 5FF, the control flow of the TEST SCROLL BOX ROUTINE will 
now be described. Generally, based upon an acceptance by the operator of a 
particular test date (see FIG. 5EE), the operator can then select 
particular test results for tests conducted on the selected test date. The 
selection of the particular test is made using the scroll box of the 
present invention including the UP and DOWN zones, and the highlighted or 
horizontal selection area. 
More particularly, the list of tests conducted on the selected date for the 
selected patient is displayed at 480 in the window or scroll box on 
display 30a, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6GG. Consistent 
with the touch screen interface, the operator can then either scroll UP or 
DOWN the list of tests appearing in the window portion or select one of 
the ESCape or ACCEPT options by making an indication at the appropriate 
location on the touch screen at 481. The operator may also enter a 
particular test name at the keyboard. 
A determination is made generally at 482 as to which option the operator 
selected. The decision is illustrated generally at 482 as indicated by the 
sequential multiple decision block. Based upon a determination at 482a 
that the operator indicated a desire to scroll up the list of tests by 
pressing the UP zone on the scroll box, the list of tests in the scroll 
box or window are moved downward in a vertical direction resulting in the 
previous test in the list being located in the highlighted or horizontal 
selection area. Similarly, based upon a determination at 482b that the 
operator indicated a desire to scroll down the list of test names in the 
window portion by touching the DOWN zone of the scroll box on the touch 
screen, the list of tests located in the scroll box are moved upward in a 
vertical direction at 484 resulting in the next test being located in the 
highlighted or horizontal selection area. Whether the operator scrolled UP 
or DOWN the list of tests in the window, control is transferred to 
transition Block R.sub.-- S3 permitting the operator to make another 
selection at 481 of scrolling the list of tests, entering a test at the 
keyboard, or selecting either the ESCape or ACCEPT option. 
A determination is made at 482c whether the operator selected the ESCape 
option. Based upon a determination at 482c that the ESCape option was 
selected, control is transferred back to the report type selection screen 
at 403 of FIG. 5X resulting in the display of FIG. 6EE. This permits the 
operator to escape the test selection process and select another type of 
overlay format for displaying the test results. 
A determination is made at 482d whether the operator selected the ACCEPT 
option. Based upon a determination at 482d that the operator selected the 
ACCEPT option indicating a desire to display the results of the test 
located in the horizontal or highlighted selection area of the window, the 
"current" test, i.e. the highlighted test, for the "current" or selected 
date and the "current" or selected patient is retrieved at 485 from the 
data files. The retrieval of the test from the data files is accomplished 
based upon the database architecture as previously described using ISAM 
(Indexed Sequential Access Method). Control is then returned to the 
processing from which the TEST SCROLL BOX ROUTINE received control. This 
permits the computer controller to continue to control the processing in 
light of any new selections made by the operator. 
Finally, a determination is made at 482e whether the operator touched the 
keyboard. Based upon a determination at 482e that the operator touched the 
keyboard in making an indication of a desire to key enter a test name, the 
computer controller at 486 scrolls the list of tests appearing in the 
window to locate the test closest matching the test which was key entered 
by the operator. The test which closest matches that keyed in by the 
operator will be located in the highlighted or horizontal selection area 
of the window or scroll box. Control is then transferred to transition 
Block R.sub.-- S3 to permit the operator to make another selection of an 
option at 481 including scrolling of the list of tests in the window, 
keying in a test at the keyboard, or selecting either the ESCape or ACCEPT 
option. 
Based upon a determination generally at 482 that none of the options were 
selected by the operator, control is transferred to transition Block 
R.sub.-- S3. Transition Block R.sub.-- S3 is provided for purposes of 
illustration to indicate that the system waits until the operator selects 
an option such as scrolling the list of tests in the window in the UP or 
DOWN direction, entering a test via the keyboard, or selecting either the 
ESCape or ACCEPT option. 
Referring to FIG. 5GG, the process of CONTINUOUS RESULTS will now be 
described. Based upon a determination at 402b (see FIG. 5X) that the 
operator selected CONTINUOUS type results, control is transferred to 
transition Block CONTINUOUS RESULTS. Referring again to FIG. 5GG, this 
transfer results in the display of the continuous result options at 500, 
an example which is illustrated in FIG. 6MM. The operator then selects the 
desired option by making an indication at the appropriate location on the 
touch screen interface or by entering the digit to the left of the desired 
option via the keyboard (Block 501). The options from which the operator 
may choose include displaying the test, varying the time scale for viewing 
evaluation files, changing force to torque, or escaping to return to the 
results selection screen at 400. 
A determination is made generally at 502 to determine which option was 
selected by the operator. Based upon a determination at 502a that the 
operator selected the DISPLAY TEST option, the test data is obtained 
through the patient scroll box routines as indicated at 503 as illustrated 
by inclusion of transition Block PATIENT SELECTION SCROLL BOX in the flow 
of FIG. 5GG. The selection of the patient name, test date, and test is 
identical to that described for overlay results in reference to FIGS. 5DD, 
5EE and 5FF. Examples of the displays which appear on monitor 30 during 
the patient, test date and test selection process for continuous results 
are illustrated in FIGS. 6NN, 600 and 6PP. The summary of the selected 
tests including patient name, test date and test results are displayed at 
504. An example of the test information summary which is displayed on 
monitor 30 is illustrated in FIG. 6QQ. The operator then can make a 
selection to redo the test if the selected test was incorrect, display the 
continuous results of the selected test, or escape by making the 
appropriate indication on the touch screen at 505. 
A determination is made generally at 506 as to which option was selected by 
the operator. Based upon a determination at 506a that REDO TEST was 
selected, the test to be redone is displayed in red (Block 507). The 
operator can then either select the test to be redone or select the ESCape 
option at 508. Based upon a determination 509a that the ESCape option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- 3 resulting 
in display of the test information summary at 504, permitting the operator 
to redo the test, display the test in continuous results, or escape the 
display test processing. Based upon a determination of 509b that an 
indication was made to redo test number 1 by touching the appropriate 
location on the touch screen, control is transferred to transition Block 
C.sub.-- 2 permitting the operator to select a different patient, test 
date, or test. 
Based upon a determination of 506b that the operator selected the ESCape 
option from the test information summary display, control is transferred 
to transition Block C.sub.-- 1 resulting in display of the continuous 
options at 500, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6MM. Finally, a 
determination is made at 506c whether the operator selected the DISPLAY 
option from the test information summary screen display. Based upon a 
determination at 506c that the DISPLAY option was selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block DISPLAY CONTINUOUS REPORT. This permits 
the operator to then alter the DISPLAY formats for displaying the 
continuous report on monitor 30. If it is determined at 506c that the 
DISPLAY option was not selected, meaning that the operator has not 
selected any of the options from the test information summary display, 
control is transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- 4, provided for 
illustration purposes to indicate that the test information summary 
continues to be displayed on monitor 30 unti the operator makes a 
selection of one of the options including redoing the test, escaping the 
display test processing, or displaying the test. 
Based upon a determination at 502b that the operator selected the TIME 
SCALE option from the continuous display options illustrated at 500, the 
touch key calculator will appear on monitor 30 at the right side of the 
display to permit the operator to vary the time scale for viewing the 
evaluation files (Block 510). The new time scale value is entered at 511 
via the touch calculator. The computer controller then sets the time scale 
value to a multiple of 5 at 512. The time scale appears on monitor 30 in 5 
second increments, permitting the operator to vary the time scale based 
upon the 5 second increments. Referring to FIG. 6MM, the time scale is 5. 
Based upon the determination at 502b that the operator selected the time 
scale option and entered a new time scale of 60 at 511, an example of the 
result displayed on monitor 30 is illustrated in FIG. 6RR. Once the time 
scale has been set, control is transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- 1 
resulting in display of the continuous result options at 500. 
Based upon a determination at 502c that the operator selected the CHANGE 
FORCE TO TORQUE option, the computer controller switches the display of 
the units from torque to force if the units are presently in torque and 
from force to torque if the units are presently in force (Block 513). 
Control is then transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- 1 resulting in 
display of the continuous result options with the new force or torque 
setting at 500. 
Finally, a determination is made at 502d whether the ESCape option was 
selected. Based upon a conclusion at 502d that the ESCape option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block R.sub.-- O resulting 
in display of the type of results at 400 of FIG. 5X. This permits the 
operator to select either the overlay or continuous result option. If it 
is determined at 502d that the ESCape option was not selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- 1 provided for illustration 
purposes to indicate that the computer controller waits until the operator 
selects one of the continuous result options including DISPLAY TEST, TIME 
SCALE, CHANGE FORCE TO TORQUE, or ESCape. 
Referring to FIG. 5HH, control of the processing flow of displaying a 
continuous report will now be described. Based upon a determination at 
506c of FIG. 5GG that the DISPLAY option was selected, the values for all 
the parameters are displayed on monitor 30 at 520. An example of the 
display having all parameter values is illustrated in FIG. 6SS. The 
display of the test results in continuous result format is continued by 
making an indication at any location on the touch screen (Block 521). The 
values for the parameters are then plotted at 522 and displayed on monitor 
30, an example which is illustrated in FIG. 5TT. Similar to displaying the 
results in overlay format, the operator can change the display formats by 
making a desired selection of the options including MARKERS, SCALE, PRINT, 
NEXT and ESCape at 523 by making the indication at the appropriate 
location on the touch screen. 
A determination is made generally at 524 as to which option was selected. 
Based upon a determination at 524a that the MARKERS option was selected, 
the markers are defaulted to "average" (Block 525). Average markers means 
that two markers are used whereby the numeric data located under the 
markers is the average value between the two markers. The "current" marker 
is set to left permitting the operator to then shift the left marker in 
one direction or another (Block 525). The options which the operator can 
select for modifying the marker are displayed at 526, an example of which 
is illustrated in FIG. 6UU. The operator then makes a selection of one of 
the options including shifting the "current" marker to the left or right, 
setting marker to value, setting "current" marker to right, or escaping 
the modification of markers processing (Block 527). 
A determination is made a 528 whether the average markers are set. As 
previously described, average markers means that two markers are present 
on the display and the numeric data located under the marker is the 
average between the two markers. Based upon a determination at 528 that 
the average markers are not set, control is transferred to transition 
Block CMARK.sub.-- V. This permits the operator to modify the single 
marker on the display screen. If it is determined at 528 that the average 
markers are set, a determination is made generally at 529 as to which of 
the average marker modification options was selected by the operator at 
527. Based upon a determination at 529a that the ESCape option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 1 
permitting the operator to then select another option for modifying the 
continuous result format at 523. 
The operator can move the "current" marker to the left or to the right 
resulting in adjustment of the values on the screen. Based upon a 
determination at 529b that the operator selected the LEFT ARROW (.rarw.) 
as illustrated in FIG. 6UU indicating a desire to move the "current" 
marker to the left, the computer controller shifts the "current" marker to 
the left at 530 and then adjusts the values on the screen accordingly. 
Control is then transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 2 permitting the 
operator to make another selection at 527 to further adjust any of the 
marker options. If it is determined at 529c that the operator selected the 
RIGHT ARROW (.fwdarw.) touch key as illustrated in FIG. 6UU indicating a 
desire to move the "current" marker to the right, the computer control 
shifts the "current" marker to the right and adjusts the data displayed on 
display 30a in accordance with the new location of the "current" marker 
(Block 531). Control is then transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 2 
permitting the operator to make another selection at 527 to further adjust 
any of the marker options. 
The operator can also switch from average markers to value markers by 
selecting the SET VALUE touch key. Based upon a determination at 529d that 
the SET VALUE option was selected, the marker is changed to one value 
marker and the computer controller will adjust the display to indicated 
this change (Block 532). As previously described, value marker means that 
just one marker is present and the numeric data on the display refers to 
the data values under the marker. The value marker can be moved to the 
right or left, thus modifying the data under the marker. Control is then 
transferred to CD.sub.-- 0 as illustrated, resulting in display of the 
options which the operator can select for modifying the value marker. 
Finally, the operator can select which marker is defined as the "current" 
marker to permit movement of both the right and left markers. This permits 
the operator to shift the right marker if desired once the left marker has 
been shifted and vice versa. Based upon a conclusion at 529e that the SET 
LEFT/SET RIGHT option was selected, the "current" marker will be toggled 
to equal the left marker at 533. The "current" marker flag is a toggle or 
flip-flop and merely has one of two values. If the value of the "current" 
marker is set to left and the SET LEFT/SET RIGHT option is selected, the 
"current" marker will be toggled to right. Similarly, if "current" marker 
is presently set to right, selection of the SET LEFT/SET RIGHT option will 
result in "current" marker being toggled to left. Control is then 
transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 0 provided for purposes of 
illustration to indicate that the operator can select another option in 
order to further adjust the format of the markers in the display of the 
test results in continuous result format including the new "current" 
marker. If none of the options were selected by the operator, control is 
transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 2 provided for purposes of 
illustration to indicate that the system waits, i.e. the report will 
remain unadjusted, until the operator either selects the ESCape option or 
one of the marker adjustment options. 
Returning to the multiple decision block generally at 524, based upon a 
determination at 524b that the ESCape option as illustrated in FIG. 6TT 
was selected, control is transferred to transition Block C.sub.-- 1. This 
results in display of the summary information at 412 for the test selected 
by the operator, the example which is illustrated in FIG. 6HH. This 
permits the operator then to either select a different test or display the 
test again or change the report type. Based upon a determination at 524c 
that the operator selected the SCALE option as illustrated in FIG. 6TT, 
the computer controller will prompt the operator at 534 to enter a new 
SCALE value from the keyboard. Key entry via the key board at 535 of the 
new SCALE value causes the computer controller to adjust the Y axis as 
well as the values located along the Y axis of the tests presently being 
displayed according to the new scale. Control is then transferred to 
transition Block CD.sub.-- 10 which results in adjustment of the test 
results in continuous format on the display causing a new plot of the test 
data on the display for all test results being displayed at 522. 
Based upon a determination at 524d that the PRINT option was selected by 
the operator via the touch screen, the test result reports in continuous 
format presently displayed on display 30a is printed on the line printer 
(Block 536). This permits the operator to maintain a "hard copy" of the 
test selected by the operator. Control is then transferred to transition 
Block CD.sub.-- 1 provided for purposes of illustration indicating that 
the operator can make another selection of the continuous result format 
options including MARKERS, SCALE, PRINT and NEXT. 
Finally, a determination is made at 524e whether the NEXT option was 
selected by the operator via the touch screen. Based upon a determination 
at 524e that the NEXT option was selected, a determination is made at 537 
whether there is any data remaining in the file, i.e. whether EOF (End of 
File) has been reached. If it is concluded at 537 that there is more data 
in the file, the next "block" of data is read in at 538. This retrieval of 
the next "block" of data is processed by the database manager as 
previously described. Control is then transferred to transition Block 
CD.sub.-- 10 resulting in the plotting at 522 of the next data on monitor 
30. The operator then may proceed to modify the continuous result format 
as previously described. If it is concluded at 537 that there is no more 
data in the file, i.e. EOF (End of File) has been reached, control is 
transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 1 causing the system to wait 
until another selection of the continuous result format options is made by 
the operator. 
Referring to FIG. 5II, control of the processing following a determination 
at 528 that the average markers were not set will now be described. A 
sequential multiple decision block is provided generally at 550 to 
determine which of the options was selected by the operator when the 
average markers are not set. Based upon a determination at 550a that the 
ESCape option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block 
CD.sub.-- 1 permitting the operator to make a selection of one of the 
display parameters at 523, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 6TT, 
including MARKERS, SCALE, PRINT and NEXT. 
The operator may also shift the marker to the left or the right even though 
the average markers are not set. Based upon a determination at 550b that 
the operator selected the LEFT ARROW (.rarw.) option expressing a desire 
to move the marker to the left, the marker is moved to the left at 551 
resulting in the computer controller adjusting the values according to the 
new marker location. Based upon a determination at 550c that the operator 
indicated a desire to move the marker to the right by touching the RIGHT 
ARROW (.fwdarw.) option on the touch screen, the marker is shifted to the 
right at 552 resulting in the computer controller adjusting the values on 
the display in accordance with the new location of the marker. Whether the 
operator selected LEFT ARROW (.rarw.) or RIGHT ARROW (.fwdarw.) to shift 
the marker one direction or the other, control is transferred to 
transition Block CD.sub.-- 2 once the adjustment of the marker and the 
values has been made on the display by the computer controller. The 
transfer of control to transition Block CD.sub.-- 2 permits the operator 
to make another selection as to marker format at 527 of FIG. 5HH. 
Finally, a determination is made at 550d whether the operator selected the 
SET AVERAGE option. Based upon a conclusion that the operator selected the 
SET AVERAGE option, the marker is changed to two average markers at 553. 
As previously described, this means that two markers appear on the display 
with the numeric data referring to the average of the data between the two 
markers. Additionally, the "current" marker is set to the left marker at 
553. Finally, the computer controller adjusts the values on the display in 
accordance with the new locations of the "average" markers (Block 553). 
Control is then transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 0 permitting the 
operator to adjust the average markers or return to "value" marker at 527 
of FIG. 5HH. If none of the options including ESCape, LEFT ARROW (.rarw.), 
RIGHT ARROW (.fwdarw.) or SET AVERAGE were selected by the operator, 
control is transferred to transition Block CD.sub.-- 2 indicating that the 
system waits until the operator selects one of the options for modifying 
the format of the average markers. 
Referring to FIG. 5JJ, the control flow of the GET NUMERIC DATA will now be 
described. Generally, this processing permits the operator to add and 
remove test routines among other operations. More specifically, as a 
result of a determination at 405c of FIG. 5X that the operator selected 
the NUMERIC RESULT option, control is transferred to processing of GET 
NUMERIC DATA. This results in initialization of the first test so that the 
patient selection routine fills the data for Test 1 (Block 560). The 
operator then obtains patient data including patient name, test date and 
test data via PATIENT SELECTION SCROLL BOX as previously defined. This 
results in storage of the patient data as Test 1. 
The selection of the NUMERIC RESULT option for overlay reports allows 
display of each torque or force curve superimposed with the range of 
motion tested. The curves can be all concentric, eccentric or a 
combination thereof. Thus, NUMERIC RESULT permits overlaying of individual 
concentric and eccentric curves for comparison. The choices of the "side" 
of contraction are then displayed at 561, an example of which is 
illustrated in FIG. 6VV. The operator then makes a selection of CONcentric 
or ECCentric by making the appropriate indication on the touch screen at 
562. A determination is made generally at 563 as to whether the CONcentric 
or ECCentric option was selected. If it is determined that neither the 
CONcentric or ECCentric options were selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block X.sub.-- 0 provided for purposes of illustration to 
indicate that the system waits until the operator selects one of the 
options. Whether it is determined at 563a that the CONcentric option was 
selected or at 563b that the ECCentric option was selected, the 
appropriate data is read in at 564 consistent with the option selected. In 
other words, the concentric data or the eccentric data of the test data 
for the selected patient and test is obtained. The test summary and 
options are then displayed on monitor 30 at 565, an example of which is 
illustrated in FIG. 6WW. The options include REDO TEST, ADD TEST, DISPLAY, 
REMOVE TEST, or ESCape. The operator makes a selection of one of the 
options at 566 by making the appropriate indication on the touch screen. 
A determination is made generally at 567 to determine which option was 
selected. Based upon a determination at 567a that the REDO TEST was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block REDO TEST ROUTINE 
permitting the operator to select another test for displaying the results 
thereof. Once processing of REDO TEST is completed, control is transferred 
to transition Block X.sub.-- 1 resulting in display of the test options at 
565 permitting the operator to select another test option. 
Based upon a determination at 567b that the ADD TEST option was selected, 
control is transferred to transition Block ADD TEST ROUTINE. The ADD TEST 
ROUTINE checks to see if the maximum number of tests have been selected 
before obtaining another test and ensures that the appropriate patient and 
test data is associated with the appropriate test number. Once processing 
of the ADD TEST ROUTINE is complete, control is transferred to transition 
Block X.sub.-- 1 resulting in display of the test options at 565 
permitting the operator to select another of the test options. Based upon 
a determination at 567c that the DISPLAY option was selected, control is 
transferred to transition Block DISPLAY REPORT. DISPLAY REPORT was 
described in reference to FIGS. 5AA and 5BB whereby the operator can 
modify the format of the chosen overlay report and view the efforts from 
this test. Once DISPLAY REPORT processing is complete, control is 
transferred to transition Block X.sub.-- 1 resulting in display of the 
test options at 565 permitting the operator to select another test 
information option at 566. 
Based upon a determination at 567d that the REMOVE TEST option was 
selected, control is transferred to transition Block REMOVE TEST ROUTINE. 
This permits the operator to delete the selected test and renumber the 
tests accordingly so as to maintain the appropriate association between 
test numbers and patient and test data. Once processing of the removed 
test routine is complete, control is transferred to transition Block 
X.sub.-- 1 resulting in display of the test information options permitting 
the operator to select another option. 
Finally, a determination is made at 567e to determine whether the ESCape 
option was selected. Based upon a determination at 567e that the ESCape 
option was selected, control is transferred to transition Block REPORT 
TYPE SELECTION SCREEN resulting in display of the types of overlay reports 
at 403 of FIG. 5X. If it is determined at 567e that the ESCape option as 
well as none of the other test information options were selected, control 
is transferred to transition Block X.sub.-- 2 causing the system to wait 
until the operator indicates a selection on the touch screen at 566. 
Referring to FIG. 5KK, processing as a result of selection of the REMOVE 
TEST option will now be described. As result of a determination at 567d of 
FIG. 5JJ that the REMOVE TEST option was selected, the operator is 
prompted to designate which test is to be removed (Block 570). This prompt 
is in the form of a question which is printed on the display screen of 
monitor 30 asking which test is to be removed. The operator enters the 
number of the test to be removed via the touch screen or the keyboard at 
571. The determination is made at 572 whether a test was selected by the 
operator to be removed. Based upon a determination at 572a that a test box 
was pressed, the computer controller deletes the test selected for removal 
at 573. The test numbers are also renumbered at 573 by the computer 
controller in order to correctly associate the test number with the 
appropriate patient and test data. Control is then returned to the routine 
from which REMOVE TEST received control. This removal process is performed 
for removal of tests and may also be used to remove protocols and other 
items which the operator desires to remove from the database during other 
processing. 
Based upon the determination at 572a that no test was selected for removal, 
a determination is made at 572b as to whether the ESCape option was 
selected. If it is determined at 572b that the ESCape option was selected, 
control is returned to the calling routine to permit the operator to make 
further selections of options for producing test results and reports. If 
the ESCape option was not selected, control is transferred to transition 
Block XX.sub.-- 1 causing the system to wait until the operator either 
selects a test to be removed or the ESCape option. 
Referring to FIG. 5LL, processing of the ADD TEST ROUTINE will now be 
described. Based upon a determination at 567b of FIG. 5JJ that the ADD 
TEST option was selected, a determination is made at 580 as to whether the 
maximum number of tests has been selected. If the maximum number of tests 
were selected, an error message is printed out indicating that the maximum 
number has been selected and the computer controller waits for a touch to 
return to the routine from which the add test routine received control 
(Block 581). Based upon a determination at 580 that the maximum number of 
tests has not been selected, the computer controller increments the test 
counter so the next patient data becomes associated with this test number 
(Block 582). Control is then transferred to transition Block TEST SCROLL 
BOX ROUTINE to obtain another test. Once another test has been selected, 
control is transferred back to the routine from which ADD TEST ROUTINE 
received control. An example of a display once a test has been added is 
illustrated in FIG. 6XX. 
Referring to FIG. 5MM, processing of the REDO TEST ROUTINE will now be 
described. As a result of a determination at 567a that the REDO TEST 
option was selected, the operator is prompted at 590 to make an indication 
as to which test is to be redone. This prompting is in the form of a 
question which appears on the display of monitor 30. The operator selects 
the test to be redone at 591 by making an indication at the appropriate 
location on the touch screen. A determination is made at 592a as to 
whether one of the tests was selected to be redone. Based upon a 
determination at 592a that an indication was made on the touch screen at 
one of the test boxes, the computer controller sets the test number to 
this test at 593. This permits the test scroll box routine to fill data 
for this test. Control is transferred to transition Block TEST SCROLL BOX 
ROUTINE. Processing of the TEST SCROLL BOX ROUTINE was described in 
reference to FIG. 5FF. This permits the operator to select a different 
test for either the same patient or a different patient and for either the 
same date or a different date. Once a new test has been selected, i.e. 
redone, control is transferred back to the routine from which REDO TEST 
ROUTINE received control. 
A determination is made at 592b as to whether the ESCape option was 
selected. Based upon a determination at 592b that the ESCape option was 
selected, control is returned to the routine from which REDO TEST ROUTINE 
received control. If it is determined at 592b that neither the ESCape 
option nor one of the test boxes was selected, control is transferred to 
transition Block XX.sub.-- 2 causing the system to wait until the operator 
selects one of the tests to be redone or the ESCape option by making an 
appropriate indication on a touch screen at 591. 
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typical 
preferred embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are 
employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not 
for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in 
the following claims.