Integrated water treatment system

The invention provides an integrated water treatment system suitable for use in the treatment of contaminated water, wastewater, potable water, aquaculture, industrial water and polluted water bodies. An integrated water treatment system according to at least one embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of modules adapted to float in a body of water integrating a plurality of different attached growth biofilm media types positioned within a plurality of water flow paths and circulations. The conditions provided by a multiple of media types and plurality of flow paths creates a multiplier effect increasing the number of treatment zones and an increased diversity of interconnected treatment process zone types. Embodiments of the invention provide a diversity of conditions and biological habitats establishing a poly-culture of producers, consumers and higher organisms in an ecosystem of biological treatment processes, with complex metabolic pathways and food chains increasing treatment efficiency and the range of pollutants which may be effectively treated. Modules comprised in the system are adjustable in operational rate, series, and timing, and are movable in configuration and/or proximity providing a new type of adaptable, re-configurable and adjustable multi-zone, integrated ecological biofilm water treatment system.

The present invention relates to the field of water treatment. More specifically, the present invention relates to water treatment systems, and in particular provides an integrated water treatment system, and arrangements of such water treatment systems, suitable for use in the treatment of contaminated water, wastewater, aquaculture, potable water, industrial water as well as polluted water bodies.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

More than 80% of sewage in developing countries goes un-treated. Furthermore, millions of businesses contribute to water pollution in both urban and industrial centres. Water contamination is recognised as a global problem; fresh water resources can be jeopardised—and may already be limited—and there are environmental concerns too such as degradation of coastal waters and estuaries.

The challenge of treating wastewaters with new treatment plants is substantial and is well known in the field. The known challenges include: installing pipe works and sewage systems to convey contaminated water to treatment plants, the high cost of land for treatment plants near urban and industrial centres, and the cost of building the large containment vessels or controllable reactor volumes to house the treatment process. These costs are often significantly higher than the actual cost of treatment equipment systems.

It is therefore an object of embodiments of the present invention to obviate or mitigate one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system comprising;at least one module adapted to float in a body of water;at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module for suspension in the body of water; andat least one aeration device suspended from the at least one module for aerating the body of water;wherein the at least one aeration device is arranged to generate at least one water flow path; andwherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within the at least one water flow path.

Preferably, the at least one aeration device comprises a multi-directional aeration device configured to generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions. Alternatively, or additionally, the at least one aeration device comprises a directional aeration device configured to generate one or more water flow paths in substantially a single direction. Optionally, the at least one aeration device comprises a deflector plate, or housing to direct flow.

Preferably, the at least one module comprises a buoyant structure or platform.

Most preferably, the buoyant structure consists of a framework comprising three or more buoyant members connected at their ends. The buoyant members may comprise lengths or sections of pipe which can be sealed through a number of methods.

Most preferably, the buoyant members are thermally fused or welded so as to provide a flange by which the members may be connected to one another. Advantageously, the flange is angled. Such connection may be in a wide variety of forms—for example, by means of a curved bracket.

Most preferably, the buoyant members are arranged such that the flanges are vertically oriented, and bent to a pre-specified angle. Specialized tooling for this purpose allows the flanges to be sealed or thermally angle welded and permanently sealed at a pre-set angle in a single process. This process allows larger diameters to be utilized than has previously been possible. In particular, it is found that pipe diameters greater than about 125 mm require an integrated angle welding process in order to main integrity and angle. This process allows large diameter, bent and vertical flange buoyancy structures that form the structure of the treatment system, adding additional buoyancy.

Optionally, or alternatively, the buoyant members are connected by one or more welded compound angles, providing fused and structurally sound connecting flanges which may be set to a pre-determined angle on both the horizontal and vertical axis.

Furthermore, this allows increased flexibility in the system, and also allows integration with additional system features requiring higher buoyancy and structural rigidity, such as walkways, boat access landings, wildlife habitat features, as well as heavier aeration and circulation equipment.

Alternatively, or additionally, the buoyant structure or platform comprises layered marine foam and a semi-structural mesh, with an optional protective containment wrapping and media support material. According to this embodiment, the supporting mesh may be welded, clipped or laced so as to encompass and protect the flotation foam material.

Optionally, the at least one attached growth media element comprises a live substrate. For example, it may comprise the roots of aquatic plants. Alternatively, the at least one attached growth media element comprises an artificial substrate. For example, it may comprise spiralling columns or curtains. Most preferably, the at least one attached growth media element comprises both a live substrate and an artificial substrate.

Preferably, the system comprises a plurality of attached growth media elements. Most preferably, the plurality of attached growth media elements are arranged to cooperate with at least one water flow path. Optionally, the attached growth media elements comprise one or more curtains arranged to channel at least one water flow path.

Optionally, the system further comprises one or more foam baffles configured to collect and re-incorporate generated foam in to the water flow generated by the at least one aeration device. Optionally, the system further comprises one or more air inlets to provide an air flow to the aeration device.

Optionally, the at least one aeration device is suspended from the at least one module by an adjustable mount. Preferably, the adjustable mount is adapted to vary the depth and/or flow angle of the aeration device.

Preferably, the system comprises a plurality of interconnected modules adapted to float in a body of water. Preferably, the modules are pivotally connected by one or more connection means.

Optionally, the at least one module comprises a support mesh. Optionally, the support mesh comprises Triax.

Optionally, the system further comprises a lockable cover to prevent unauthorised access to the aeration and circulation device. Alternatively, or additionally, the cover is a low profile cover. Optionally, the system further comprises anchoring means. Optionally, the anchoring means is repositionable.

Optionally, the system further comprises a hollow structural cover mounted upon the at least one module and wherein the aeration device is housed within the hollow structural cover.

The above arrangement provides a system wherein the hollow structural cover significantly reduces the noise and effects of aerosols produced by the aerator thus making the apparatus more flexible with respect to the areas within which it may be deployed. For example, such a system may be installed in close proximity to dwellings or work spaces.

Optionally, the hollow structural cover comprises a growth medium, optionally an ecological growth medium, comprising one or more layers. Inclusion of the ecological growth medium acts to further reduce the noise and effects of aerosols produced by the aerator. This medium also provides a more attractive visual appearance to the reactor again allowing it to be deployed in a greater number of locations.

The one or more layers may comprise one or more layers selected from the group comprising a supporting layer, a moisture conveying or moisture wicking substrate, an organic lignin based fibrous matting, a fibre re-enforced soil of peat or bark or compost, a moisture retaining layer, and a particulate filtration layer.

Such a layer selection may provide additional benefit through biofiltration of malodorous gasses (such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, and mercaptons) and the like released inside the cover as the water being treated undergoes transition from anaerobic or anoxic to aerobic conditions.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system comprising;at least one module adapted to float in a body of water;at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module for suspension in the body of water; andan aeration device disposed upon the at least one module for aerating the body of water;wherein the aeration device is a multi-directional aeration device configured to generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions; andwherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within at least one of the water flow paths.

Optionally, the multi-directional aeration device comprises a diffuser.

Optionally, the system further comprises a directional mixer, or other flow generating device.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system comprising;at least one module adapted to float in a body of water;at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module for suspension in the body of water; andan aeration device disposed upon the at least one module for aerating the body of water;wherein the aeration device is a directional aeration device configured to generate one or more water flow paths in substantially a single direction; andwherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within at least one of the water flow paths.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system comprising;at least one module adapted to float in a body of water;at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module for suspension in the body of water; anda first aeration device and a second aeration device disposed upon the at least one module for aerating the body of water;wherein the first aeration device is a multi-directional aeration device configured to generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions;wherein the second aeration device is a directional aeration device configured to generate one or more water flow paths in substantially a single direction; andwherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within at least one of the water flow paths.

Advantageously, the first aeration device comprises a diffuser.

Combinations of directional and multidirectional aeration and flow components offer considerable advantage and process benefits. In such a configuration, the directional aerator and the multi-directional aerator are integrated in a single system. The directional aerator may be located so as to direct flow towards the multi-directional aerator, or alternatively to draw water from it. A multi-directional aerator can typically deliver a greater volume of air to the water however the directional system can typically better propel the aerated water, thus increasing the potential contact time before air bubbles reach the surface and thus increasing oxygen transfer capacity. By combining these aerators in proximity or as one unit, both increased air delivery and longer contact time with media and water, are achieved resulting in surprisingly increased treatment capacities.

Embodiments of the second to fourth aspects of the invention may include one or more features of the first aspect of the invention or its embodiments, or vice versa.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a module adapted for use in the integrated water treatment system of any of the first to fourth aspects.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an attached growth media element adapted for use in the integrated water treatment system of any of the first to fourth aspects.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aeration device adapted for use in the integrated water treatment system of any of the first to fourth aspects.

Embodiments of the fifth to seventh aspects of the invention may include one or more features of the first aspect of the invention or its embodiments, or vice versa, and may be arranged in a re-configurable system.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plurality of integrated water treatment systems or modules according to the first aspect of the present invention disposed within a body of water.

Preferably, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems or modules are arranged so as to circulate water therebetween. Optionally, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are arranged so as to define zones of fully and/or partially treated water. Optionally, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are arranged so as to define zones where suspended solids are settled

Preferably, the integrated water treatment systems are spaced so as to provide denitrification zones. Optionally, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are arranged to provide a plurality of processing loops. Preferably, at least one of the integrated water treatment systems is configured to transfer water from one processing loop to another.

Optionally the integrated water treatment systems are configured to operate according to a predetermined schedule. Alternatively, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are configured to operate in response to one or more measured or determined values.

Embodiments of the eighth aspect of the invention may include one or more features of the first aspect of the invention or its embodiments, or vice versa.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water treatment system as defined by claim1. Preferable and optional features of the water treatment of the ninth aspect are defined by the corresponding dependent claims.

In an exemplary embodiment of the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi stage integrated ecological water treatment system for the use in the treatment of contaminated water, the system comprising;a series of at least two semi flexible treatment modules adapted to float in a body of water;wherein the treatment modules are semi-flexible on the horizontal plane allowing at least 225 mm vertical movement over a 10,000 mm horizontal span;wherein the at least two treatment modules are configured, to interact with each other positioned in proximal relation or contiguously interlinked providing a multi stage series of modules and treatment phases;a first type of attached biofilm growth treatment media with a surface area of at least 65 m2 per Cubic Meter;wherein the media consists of the submerged roots of a first species of emergent aquatic plant selected to provide a root surface area, greater than at least 65 m2 per cubic meter;a second type of attached growth treatment media with a surface area of at least 45 m2 per Cubic Meter;wherein the media consists of the submerged roots of at least a second species of emergent aquatic plant selected to provide a root surface area, greater than at least 45 m2 per cubic meter;a third type of attached growth treatment media, with a surface area of at least 12 m2 per Cubic Meter;wherein the third type of attached growth media is integrated with the plant-supporting structure comprising one or more layers of elongate elements of a woven, non-woven or cross linked type such as fibres meshwork, with a surface area of at least 12 m2 per cubic meter;at least one oxygenation element,wherein oxygenation may be achieved through the use of any suitable aeration device; diffuser, mechanical aerator, or venturi pump, so as to provide a field oxygen transfer rate of at least 0.80 Kg/O2/Kwh and preferably at least 1.5 Kg/O2/Kwh up to 4.5 Kg/O2/Kwh or greater;wherein the oxygenation element is disposed in consort with the circulation system, so as to provide oxygenated water flow paths which consistently contact the at least three types of attached growth treatment media;at least one multi directional circulation and re-circulation flow pathwherein the multi directional circulation flow is configured, so as to generate a multi-directional flow through and across the at least three types of attached growth treatment media and to provide both macro and micro scale recirculation effects such that at the macro scale at least 10% of the total 24 hour circulation flow is re-circulated through at least 20% of the overall system, and wherein at the micro scale at least 5% of the overall circulation flow is recirculated through at least 10% of the overall system, and wherein the macro recirculation flow, may contain several micro recirculation flow paths and wherein the circulation system, may be a part of the oxygenation system or a series of directional flow elements, arranged in multiple directions;at least one directional flow path,wherein the at least one directional flow path may comprise flow generated by a sub-surface mixer, a directional mechanical aerator or a directional airlift circulator wherein a compressed air is dispersed within an enclosing shroud having a directional outlet, or in proximity to an directing containment, such as a peripheral edge of a water body, so as to force the rising water, outwards in a generally 180 degree directional flow path;a series of at least two ecological treatment zones incorporating complementary processes with different levels of dissolved oxygen, macro and micro scale circulation and re-circulation flows, and at least two types of biofilms supporting different attached microbiological communities, characterized by those which favour live substrate media, and those which favour non-living media,wherein the series of ecological treatment zones, supports a broad ranging bio diversity of aquatic organisms including producers, grazers, predators and higher plants and animals providing complex metabolic pathways wherein pollutants are moved up the food chain reducing their volume, and wherein diverse microbial processes provide a wide spectrum of reactors capable efficiently stabilising and treating a broad spectrum pollutants.

The skilled person will realise that any of the above-mentioned features may be omitted or replaced with equivalent features.

Embodiments of the ninth aspect of the invention may include one or more features corresponding to features of any of the first to eighth aspects of the invention or their embodiments, or vice versa.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1illustrates a plan view of a floating water treatment system1in accordance with an embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention.

The system1can be seen to comprise six flotation platforms5, each platform5individually structurally braced by means of framework3. From each platform5is suspended a number of attached growth media elements7(visible in perspective view inFIG. 2). The platforms5are hexagonal (although any manner of shape could be employed e.g. round, square, triangular, rectangular, parallelogram etc. dependent on functional and/or aesthetic requirements). Furthermore, these platforms are modular, which means that the system can be broken down and/or constructed into/from smaller parts (easing storage, shipping etc.) and expanding the range of locations where the system can readily be installed to improve water quality and provide treatment.

The media platforms5are disposed around a central platform9from which is suspended a multi-directional aerator (not visible inFIG. 1orFIG. 2, but corresponding feature visible inFIG. 3, reference numeral111). Arrows21indicate generally the flow from the aerator.

In this example, the attached growth media elements (shown schematically by reference numeral7) are engineered but it will be understood that they may be engineered (for example, brush, curtain, spiral, leave, feathered, strips, etc.), natural (for example, living plants and roots, etc.) or indeed a combination of both or several types of media. In this embodiment, the media elements7are installed in a radial configuration.

Platform5ais a modified platform5incorporating a tensioned supporting mesh13from which the engineered media7may be hung. Tensioning support mesh13may also (or alternatively) support planted ecologies, for example to establish a high volume of root mass as live substrate attached growth treatment media. A three directional mesh is shown and may, for example, comprise Triax, as manufactured by Tensar. The mesh13may be tensioned adding to the overall strength of the platform5aand/or system1. Of course, other meshes or supporting grids may be used.

Each framework3consists of six individual structural buoyant members each consisting, in this embodiment, of internally heated and sealed or thermally angle welded sections of plastic pipe. Each seal or weld provides a vertical flange, and said vertical flanges are connected to produce a framework3. In this way, custom floating structures of variable buoyancy and complex design may now be achieved while maintaining strength. In applications requiring higher buoyancy and increased durability, larger diameter pipes with greater wall thickness can be used for either greater flotation or greater strength.

A secured and lockable cover15is also shown. The cover15prevents unauthorised access to the aerator, associated control apparatus etc. and to the underside of the floating water treatment system1.

InFIG. 2, live substrate attached growth treatment media in the form of living ecologies and/or plant roots are generally indicated by reference numeral17, suspended from the mesh13.

FIG. 3shows a perspective side view from slightly below a floating water treatment system101in accordance with an alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features.

In this embodiment, natural attached growth media rather than engineered media is shown, indicated generally by reference numeral117. As stated above, it is foreseen that the system101may employ natural, engineered or a combination of both media types.

As inFIG. 1,FIG. 3illustrates a system101comprising six flotation platforms105, provided with buoyancy by means of a framework103of sealed or thermally angle welded (e.g. pinch welded) plastic pipes. Again, hexagonal platforms are shown, although it is apparent that the platforms may be round, square, or triangular etc. allowing the system101to conform to complex custom shapes to integrate with an application system, landscape and/or desired process flow. Reference numeral106indicates a pivot point, formed by a removable connection between flanges of adjoining pipes, whereby components of the system101may be removed (or partially un-fastened) and folded for transport in more compact form (seeFIG. 16).

Aerator111, which may for example be a Toring Turbine as manufactured by Toring Turbine LLC, is a multi-directional turbine that produces aerated water flow outwards from the centre of the system101. Submersible self-aspirating aerators, such as manufactured by ABS Wastewater Technology Ltd among others, may also be suitable in this location. Proximal to the aerator111, the central platform109also comprises two foam breaker baffles125, which may assist in re-incorporating generated foam in to the water flow generated by the aerator111. The low angle baffles125illustrated are intended to reduce obstruction of the flow, although the shape adopted will depend on the particular circumstances and/or effect required.

FIG. 4shows a plan view of, andFIG. 5an enlarged side view from slightly above, a floating water treatment system201in accordance with another alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Similarly, like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features.

Central platform209is provided with a directional aerator211and deflector plate212. The directional aerator211and deflector plate212generate a generally linear flow221, in contrast with the multi-directional flow of the above-described embodiments. The attached growth media7is arranged in a parallel configuration so and correspondingly act as flow channelling baffles to further direct the flow generated by the system. Examples of suitable aerators would be the Turbo-Jet manufactured by LINN Gerätebau GmbH, the Aqua Turbo manufactured by Aquasystems International N.V., or the ABS Venturi Jet Aerator as manufactured by ABS Wastewater Technology Ltd (although the skilled person will appreciate that any suitable mechanical aeration, blower and/or diffuser or Venturi or aspirating type aeration apparatus may be employed). The deflector plate212improves directionality and prevents or reduces stirring of bottom sediments in shallow water applications but is not essential.

Foam breaker baffles225are also illustrated, as well as an air inlet226at the top of the foam baffle. Also illustrated in detail inFIG. 5is a curved coupling bracket204which is used to connect adjacent platform frameworks203at pinch weld flanges206.

FIGS. 6 and 7illustrate a floating water treatment system301in accordance with a further alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Again, like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features. This embodiment is similar to the embodiment ofFIGS. 4 and 5in having a directional aerator311and deflector plate312, however in an elongated configuration. The elongated configuration increases the amount of media within the flow path321.

This embodiment also shows plants and corresponding plant roots providing both live substrate (natural) attached growth treatment media307b, as well as engineered attached growth treatment media307a.

Adjustable mounting brackets,310are also illustrated. The adjustable mounting brackets allow the angle or direction of flow to be managed, as well as the depth at which the aerator311operates.

FIG. 8illustrates a floating water treatment system301in accordance with a yet further alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Again, like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features. This embodiment employs curtains407cas attached growth media, the curtains constructed from geotextile or other appropriate material. The curtain configuration provides an alternative flow channelling system to direct flow421. In addition, live substrate media407bis shown within the flow421generated by directional aerator411and deflector plate412.

FIGS. 9 and 10illustrate a floating water treatment system501in accordance with a yet further still alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Again, like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features.

This embodiment employs a dual aerator configuration. Such a configuration is advantageous as it allows the aeration from a multi directional aerator511b(e.g. of mechanical, diffuser or Venturi type), which will typically have a higher air delivery rate, to be dispersed in the flow from the directional aerator511a(and deflector plate512a), significantly extending the flow from the aerator511aover a greater distance. This extends the contact time between the air and the water and increases oxygen transfer, as well as air to media507contact times.

The relationship between contact time of aeration bubbles as they travel through water and the amount of oxygen transferred is well known. Increased oxygen transfer, and increased media contact, provides increased metabolism and break down of (for example) organic carbon biological/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) and nitrification of nutrient pollution to achieve enhanced treatment.

The dual aerator embodiment offers particular advantages when the multi-directional aerator is of the diffuser type. Fine bubbles from diffusers transfer oxygen efficiently where there is sufficient water depth that useful bubble travel time can be achieved. Use of a dual aerator embodiment can extend the travel time of fine bubbles from diffusers, allowing their advantages to be enhanced and also to be applied in shallow water applications. Diffusers may be supplied by a compressed air supply from a blower mounted on the central floating platform, mounted on the shore, or optionally a submersible water cooled blower may be suspended below the central floating platform. The air diffusers may be of disk, tube or other design, and may optionally be integrated in proximity to the attached growth treatment media.

Attached growth media507is not shown inFIG. 10in order to clearly (and generally) illustrate how the flow path521is established. Engineered or natural types (or a combination of both types) of attached growth media may be employed. It will be readily apparent how the configuration and/or arrangement of the attached growth media elements507influence the flow paths521.

Combinations of directional and multidirectional diffusers and aerators offer considerable advantage and process benefits. In such a configuration, the directional aerator and the multi-directional aerator are integrated in a single system. The directional aerator may be located so as to direct flow towards the multi-directional aerator, or alternatively to draw water from it. A multi-directional aerator can typically deliver a greater volume of air to the water however the directional system can typically better propel the aerated water, thus increasing the potential contact time before air bubbles reach the surface—thus increasing oxygen transfer capacity. By combining these aerators in proximity or as one unit, both increased air delivery and longer contact time are achieved resulting in surprisingly increased treatment capacities.

An exemplary directional aerator utilises a self-aspirating impellor system enclosed within an encompassing housing. The housing typically features an opening at the bottom at one side with the outflow at the top on the opposite site from the inlet. This channels the flow in a single direction, reducing re-aeration and channelling outflow on a preferred direction.

An alternative directional aerator incorporates a directionally oriented self-aspirating non-clogging flow device, with a submerged motor and horizontal or slightly inclined shaft configuration. This configuration draws air down an intake shaft, and entrains it in a directional pattern generated by the impellor.

Optionally, where sufficient air supply is achieved by the multidirectional aerator or diffuser, the directional aerator may be substituted for a directional mixer, or similar flow generating device.

A multi directional aerator may employ an aspirating impellor system that circulates water in 360 degrees, evenly dispersing oxygen and circulation effects in all directions. A substantial upwards flow is created which can de-stratify sections where beneficial. Water to be treated typically undergoes two or more passes through the active zone with the application of a multidirectional aerator of this nature. Air is drawn down the impellor shaft, and dispersed out through holes in the rotating impellor. The impellor may be of a disk design or in another embodiment may incorporate multiple tubules, extending down the shaft and radiating outwards. Through centrifugal force of the spinning shaft, the tubules are extended and their speed through the water draws air down through the Venturi principle, where it is diffused in to the water.

Effective water treatment typically requires multiple stages, each requiring specific conditions for optimum treatment performance. An initial stage typically consists of a BOD/COD reduction and oxidation stage where a degree of mixing may be advantageous and acceptable. Subsequent stages may include a nitrification stage with increased media for stabilization of autotrophic nitrifying organisms.

A third stage may include a denitrification stage requiring an anoxic process. In this stage, aeration is restricted while circulation is maintained. Circulation with limited aeration may be achieved by suction from a directional power train system.

Where space and hydraulic retention time allows multiple passes through multiple stages, multiple times, provides advanced treatment. Alternatively a semi-complete recirculation also affords positive results where the system is configured for only a few stages. The overall system may be configured to prioritize a specified recirculation process according to the anticipated pollution loading and constituents, for example the nitrogen to COD/BOD loading ratio.

The final stage is typically a clarification stage, providing an acquiescent zone, for precipitation of suspended bacterial flocs, and suspended solids. This stage may optionally include an array of attached growth treatment media positioned so as to calm flow intercepting and filtering suspended solids in the waste stream. There will now be described some example treatment deployments.

FIG. 11illustrates in schematic form a system configuration/deployment for a channel, lagoon or similar application with flow621entering at one end. Disposed within the channel is a number of floating water treatment systems1as described above with reference toFIG. 1(although any system according to the present invention employing a multi-directional aerator may be employed).

(Note that in this deployment, and the other described deployments to follow, in the relevant Figures region “A” refers to a region in which oxidation occurs; “B” to a region where nitrification occurs; “C” to a region where de-nitrification occurs; “D” to a region where clarification occurs; and “E” to a region or body of treated water).

As flow enters the channel, an initial process stage for oxidation, and break down of BOD/COD occurs in region A. As the flow progresses, BOD/COD level is reduced and nitrifying bacteria are established in greater numbers, stabilized by attached growth surfaces of first system1. Subsequent systems1provide on-going BOD/COD breakdown processes (schematically indicated by regions A) as well as nitrification processes (schematically indicated by regions B).

In this way, BOD/COD may be substantially reduced and remaining units1may favour nitrification and nutrient removal process (regions B). In order to achieve de-nitrification units may be spaced to allow the necessary anoxic conditions for de-nitrification to be achieved (regions C for example).

Denitrification (regions C) as well as clarification (region D) may also be effectively achieved through pulsed timing of the aerators of the deployed systems1. For example, all systems may run for a number of hours, and then all may be shut off periodically allowing anoxic conditions and de-nitrification to temporarily develop reducing nitrogen in the outflow and increasing purity of the water output (region E).

Multiple systems according to varying embodiments of aspects of the present invention may be linked in series or configured to provide complex flows with the substantial benefits to be had by establishing linked and overlapping recirculating flow patterns.

FIG. 12shows a deployment that achieves a type of circular process flow configuration. The combination of directional flow, multi-directional flow, and diffused or Venturi aeration as suitable allow complex process flow patterns to be achieved with increased efficiency, and improved performance.

A tank, vessel, lagoon, lake or waterway is shown with a three-system deployment. The deployment is arranged to provide a circular re-circulation. Incoming water (721) first undergoes an aerobic oxidation breakdown (A) at a multi-directional system1. It is mixed with a portion of re-circulated flow, directed back by a directional system201(corresponding, for example, to system201ofFIG. 4). The amount of recirculation may be controlled by the angle, power, speed and timing of aerator of the directional system201. Recirculation may typically be a multiple of 1× to 10× of the incoming flow721, though this will depend on the particular circumstances and may be re-configurable.

Advanced nutrient removal may be achieved through adjustment of operational rate, and timing of each system1,201. For example all units1,201may run, and then all units1except the directional flow unit201are turned off. In such a process, a highly aerobic process occurs as the first step and then the air supply is reduced but the directional flow is maintained. The directional flow recirculates water containing nitrates nitrified in the first process stage in region B. As the high nitrate water recirculates it is combined with new inflowing water providing the carbon source in the form of BOD & COD necessary for de-nitrification to occur (region C). In a reduced air process stage, hungry heterotrophic organisms may also take up exceptionally high levels of phosphorous, in the sudden change of process conditions. Sludge extraction or stabilization can be implemented to effectively remove this phosphorous from the water.

The configuration inFIG. 13may be operated to provide a number of process stages by use of timers, automatic probes, or manual adjustments. Systems1,201may be operated in a timed series, or in pulses to achieve the maximum efficiency. Pre-set algorithms may be programmed, triggered by flow or concentration events. Triggering may include, for example a change in DO, NH3, or Redox, at the inflow or outflow821. Each event may trigger a different pre-programmed operational response including series of operation, time, rate, power and series for example.

In this deployment, a “figure eight” configuration is provided with each process loop set to run in opposing directions. The upper two units (proximal to the inflow), may be run as a unit, and then the bottom two units (proximal to the outflow) may be run subsequently. In this process two recirculating zones are provided in series. The operational rate and number of circulations is adjustable in each zone. At the intersection of the loops, water is drawn back to the first loop from the second loop by the directional system201.

FIG. 14shows a sophisticated layout with multiple re-circulation zones to achieve advanced treatment and pollution removal. This configuration mimics aspects of a cross vertex spiralling flow typical of a natural waterway.

As with the system shown inFIG. 13, each process stage may be operated with multiple variables to provide an exceptional range of flexibility (for example, to respond to variations in flow and pollution concentration and outflow water quality target in highly efficient manner).

An installation of this scale may have the treatment capacity to treat the wastewater equivalent to ten thousand people or more, to secondary standards, with the appearance of an archipelago of floating islands. Controls, probes and timers, or both may be triggered by flow and loading variations and events. The flow pattern may be logged, and the efficacy of the operational response monitored through online instrumentation. Through a learning process of trial responses to variations in inflow, operating software may become increasingly refined and the operational process control develops and evolves over time.

FIG. 15illustrates in schematic form an array of frameworks1003having supporting braces1002extending between opposite sealed or thermally angle welded pipes to provide support for media (indicated generally by1005). The brace is oriented so as to sit down below the centre-line of the rest of the structure. This, for example, maintains the mesh at the correct elevation and provides additional buoyancy as it will generally be submerged.

FIG. 16illustrates in schematic form a framework103as previously described with reference toFIG. 3above, in which the removable connection has been removed and the framework3folded for transport or storage in more compact form. Note that the curved bracket or rotator used to connect the modules holds them closely together and stable against wracking forces, but allows flexibility horizontally. Wave action may otherwise stress the connection points. Where flat flanges are used the stress of wave action may be conveyed directly to the plastic material, which would weaken it over time. The curved bracket disclosed above allows the stress of wave motion to be dissipated as the individual units can freely pivot about the respective bracketing point.

FIG. 17illustrates a side view, above and below the water's surface, of a preferred element of the system containing both multi directional diffused539and directional aeration511circulators. The directional aerator is configured so as to interact with the multi directionally diffused air bubbles, extending their horizontal trajectory in zone (L) and contact time before reaching the surface, so as to increase oxygen transfer rates, providing highly active aerobic biofilm zones, H, I, A, L & G

Preferably, the operational rate of each aerator circulator in this element may be adjustable both in operational time, and operational rate.

Optionally, the directional aerator circulator is a Fuchs Oxystar™ aerator.

Optionally the multi directional aerator, is a diffuser, such as a flexible weighted diffuser as provided by Dryden Aqua™.

Anchors, shown in the figure are of a movable sort allowing adjustment of direction, and location of the units.

FIG. 18illustrates an element of the present invention where multi directional flow diffusers439are contained within a flexible textile shroud436which channels the water to provide a directional flow421through several biofilm treatment zones, H, I, & G.

A flexible directional textile shroud is hung from the floating platform405and stabilised with weights along its bottom edge.

Compressed air is expelled through a frameless weighted flexible diffuser439placed below the module.

Optionally the diffuser439may be connected to and hung from the textile shroud436.

The water flow421within the channelling biofilm textile436is channelled upwards and towards the outlet openings through biofilm zones which preferably include:

DYNAMIC MEDIA, ZONE G characterised by high surface area, low density artificial media, high flow through capacity, multi axial dynamic movement, and self-cleaning flexible characteristics conducive to the treatment of BOD and COD and capable of managing a high flow and high TSS without clogging.

PARTIALLY SUBMERGED MEDIA ZONE H characterised by elongate fibrous media, low flow through capacity, medium density, high specific surface area, and a portion above the water's surface, capable of supporting the establishment of higher emergent organisms with complex metabolic pathways conducive to reducing pollution by moving it up the food chain.

LIVE SUBSTRATE ZONE I Characterised by live substrate media consisting of the roots of a poly-culture of emergent aquatic plant species with a mixed density and moderate flow through capacity, where the roots, exude enzymes, and carbohydrates and form symbiotic relationships with aquatic organisms stabilising the system during fluctuations in flow and loading and continuous biological seeding the water body and surrounding biofilm zones with healthy population of beneficial microbial organisms while the plants themselves directly absorb nutrients in the water.

FIG. 19illustrates an element of the present invention, incorporating a planted multi-layer soil plant root endogenous carbon bio-filter cover installed over the aeration section.

Odours such as hydrogen sulphide and methane1147are released during the aeration and circulation process.

The soil, and plant based endogenous carbon bio filter1148supported on floats1105filters out the malodorous gases1147, which are absorbed by microorganisms populating the bio filter cover. The bio filter may be applied over a mechanical aerator or diffuser, or other aeration device so as to provide gas filtration.

Additionally the floating bio-filter serves to filter out potentially pathogen carrying airborne water droplet aerosols1147, preventing them from escaping, where they may cause a threat to public health. Water passing through this element may be conveyed through process zones, G, H, I or L

FIG. 20shows a section view of an embodiment of the system illustrating the synergistic effects of multiple treatment zones, mimicking the flows and processes of a natural waterway.

Process zones and elements are described from left to right.

At the left hand side of the illustration a series of five partial depth baffles create a beneficial over under flow path with multiple zones of full and partial circulation in a serpentine flow path46.

Top hung partial depth baffles32a,32b,32care hung form surface floats, and weighted along the bottom edge, the depth may be adjusted and the material is of a biofilm compatible material36providing a further biofilm attached growth treatment surface.

Submerged partial depth baffles33are weighted at the bottom of the water body, and are lifted upwards by floats the depth may be adjusted.

Optionally partial depth baffles, as shown on the central top hung partial depth baffle32bmay incorporate air diffusers39which add to the recirculation in this zone.

Multiple series of partial depth, or partial width baffles may be employed in this fashion to establish serpentine flow paths as required to provide sufficient treatment for the pollution mass loading.

This element, shown inFIG. 20provides a series of beneficial treatment zones, including:

MICRO RECIRCULATION ZONE M characterised by short cycle recirculation, lower flow rates, secondary stage processes, secondary microbial consumers, and conditions suitable for autotrophs and conducive to nitrification and de-nitrification processes.

PRECIPITATION ZONE D facilitating Precipitation of suspended solids;

BENTHIC ZONE K Characterised by submerged bottom detritus, submerged media, low flow velocities and precipitation of suspended solids, sediment digestion and de-nitrification processes.

Also, in the left hand element inFIG. 20, is a placement of embodiment101located above the serpentine flow created by the partial depth baffles. In this series element101provides additional biofilm zones directly interacting with the serpentine path and its respective zones.

Additional zones, provided by the integration of101include:

PARTIALLY SUBMERGED MEDIA ZONE H characterised by elongate fibrous media, low flow through capacity, medium density, high specific surface area, and a portion above the water's surface, capable of supporting the establishment of higher emergent organisms with complex metabolic pathways conducive to reducing pollution by moving it up the food chain.

LIVE SUBSTRATE ZONE I Characterised by live substrate media consisting of the roots of a poly-culture of emergent aquatic plant species with a mixed density and moderate flow through capacity, where the roots, exude enzymes, and carbohydrates and form symbiotic relationships with aquatic organisms stabilising the system during fluctuations in flow and loading and continuous biological seeding the water body and surrounding biofilm zones with healthy population of beneficial microbial organisms while the plants themselves directly absorb nutrients in the water.

The linkage between flow zones, and biofilm zones illustrates the beneficial interaction, which can be obtained by linking the features and zones, offered by partial depth baffles and a serpentine flow path,46with the zones offered by the multi directional flow element101. In particular, the multiple micro recirculation zones convey the water through the biofilm zones of embodiment101many more times creating multiple beneficial passes as a result of the integration of elements.

A further embodiment1401is shown inFIG. 20with a floating structure constructed by containing sealed empty plastic bottles within a surrounding mesh, net, or textile containment.

In this second module, frameless flexible moving dynamic media columns07are suspended. Optionally in this illustration, diffusers39are integrated with the dynamic media providing increased circulation directly within the attached growth treatment media array. The diffusers39are weighted40at the ends of the media columns.

This element1401provides several process zones including:

DYNAMIC MEDIA, ZONE G characterised by high surface area, low density artificial media, high flow through capacity, multi axial dynamic movement, and self-cleaning flexible characteristics conducive to the treatment of BOD and COD and capable of managing a high flow and high TSS without clogging.

LIVE SUBSTRATE ZONE I Characterised by live substrate media consisting of the roots of a poly-culture of emergent aquatic plant species with a mixed density and moderate flow through capacity, where the roots, exude enzymes, and carbohydrates and form symbiotic relationships with aquatic organisms stabilising the system during fluctuations in flow and loading and continuous biological seeding the water body and surrounding biofilm zones with healthy population of beneficial microbial organisms while the plants themselves directly absorb nutrients in the water.

In this series, an interaction between embodiment1401with Embodiment101and the serpentine path is obtained with the last of the top hung partial depth baffle's32a. This interaction creates an additional process zone, M which also benefits from biofilms established on the textured baffle surface36establishing the additional,

MICRO RECIRCULATION ZONE M characterised by short cycle recirculation, lower flow rates, secondary stage processes, secondary microbial consumers, and conditions suitable for autotrophs and conducive to nitrification and de-nitrification processes.

A third element501is shown in this illustration incorporating a directional flow aerator circulator and a multi directional diffuser39placement, as shown inFIG. 17.

Centrally inFIG. 20there is a floating access walkway, shown in configuration adjoined to the dual process module501.

The central walkway, serves to convey compressed air and power to the various units as needed as well as to provide access. Additionally the floating walkway supports a full depth partial width containment baffle28as shown inFIGS. 21 and 24, with a textured surface providing a further surface for biofilm production,36.

The combination of these elements,501,1401,41,36of the system in configuration provide multiple interconnected benefits. The directional and multi directional aerobic elements,11and39work together in increasing oxygen transfer. Contained by the baffle27hanging from the walkway41upward and downwards micro recirculation zones M are established.501conveys a flow path towards, embodiment1401and the flow beneficially meets with a further opportunity for interaction with biofilm zones G and zone I in501before passing back through micro-recirculation zone M and back again, and making further recirculation pass through embodiment501and zones H and I before being conveyed to the next treatment stage around partial width baffle28where it further contacts biofilms on the textured surface36.

The interaction of elements surrounding501in this configuration demonstrates the beneficial effects the present invention provides. Rather than a single pass through a standard treatment stage water passes through multiple stages many times achieving effective chemical free treatment.

The fourth module from the left inFIG. 20is a floating flow conveyance channel31, as shown inFIG. 25, and also at the side ofFIG. 24. Floats support a hanging impermeable membrane,36weighted with gravel or, other sinking material along its bottom. Optionally cross braces, support planted media modules35improving the water quality as it flows along the channel to its outlet, establishing:

MACRO-RECIRCULATION ZONE N Characterised by extended cycle recirculation moderate flow rates, mixing of new influent and recycled influent, conducive to both heterotrophs and some autotrophs and providing secondary and tertiary oxidation and breakdown processes.

The fifth planted module, furthest to the right side ofFIG. 20shows a separating containment baffle27as shown in plain view inFIGS. 21 & 22.

A multi directional flow diffuser element, placed in proximity to the containment baffle27achieves additional circulation benefits generating directional flow pathways to establish embodiment401as the flow from the diffusers interacts with the containment baffle forcing it outwards away from the baffle27or other obstructing element, wall, slope or waterway edge, as it rises to establish a directional flow device and directional flow path21, so as to create a generally directional flow device with a directional flow of about 180 degrees or less as a result of the integration of the diffuser and the channelling or directing side or edge obstruction. This embodiment is particularly suited as a floating edge treatment in vertically sided water bodies.

Where a floating planted waterway edge zone is to be extended over a distance, and where the waterway edge has bends, a bracketing system may be employed, which preferably consists of angled tension and compression cross braces, adjustment of the braces may be made to force the outer floatation element to elongate and the inner floatation element to shorten forming a curve, which once the brackets are secured, will hold a fixed shape allowing a floating edge element to match a bend in a water body.

Overall the elements shown inFIG. 20are exemplary, of the benefits offered by the present invention, achieving multiple passes through multiple biofilm phases and zones of circulation and recirculation achieving a complex series of interlinked treatment processes in a technical adjustable and configurable water treatment system which mimics the multiple phases, zones, and stages of a natural river or waterway.

Each element in the system offers a particular benefit contributing to the capacity of the interlinked in a synergy of the system, in a similar fashion to a fully developed natural aquatic waterway ecosystem. The present invention applies this principle, through the implementation of a series of manufactured re-configurable elements to establish these zones, within a controllable, configurable, and adjustable system, which is economical to install and operate.

As a more specific exemplary description of the overall beneficial multi zone processFIG. 20shows the following passes through, the following zones.

Typically four passes through two elements of DYNAMIC MEDIA, ZONE G characterised by high surface area, low density artificial media, high flow through capacity, multi axial dynamic movement, and self-cleaning flexible characteristics conducive to the treatment of BOD and COD and capable of managing a high flow and high TSS without clogging. Typically seven passes through PARTIALLY SUBMERGED MEDIA ZONE H characterised by elongate fibrous media, low flow through capacity, medium density, high specific surface area, and a portion above the water's surface, capable of supporting the establishment of higher emergent organisms with complex metabolic pathways conducive to reducing pollution by moving it up the food chain.

Typically eight passes through LIVE SUBSTRATE ZONE I Characterised by live substrate media consisting of the roots of a poly-culture of emergent aquatic plant species with a mixed density and moderate flow through capacity, where the roots, exude enzymes, and carbohydrates and form symbiotic relationships with aquatic organisms stabilising the system during fluctuations in flow and loading and continuous biological seeding the water body and surrounding biofilm zones with healthy population of beneficial microbial organisms while the plants themselves directly absorb nutrients in the water. Typically three passes through BENTHIC ZONE K Characterised by submerged bottom detritus media, low flow velocities and precipitation of suspended solids, sediment digestion and de-nitrification processes.

Two locations of PRIMARY FLOW ZONE L Characterised by high flow & loading rates, primary producer bacteria, favouring heterotrophic processes with suspended growth portion conducive to the breakdown of BOD and COD.

Five sites providing MICRO RECIRCULATION ZONE M characterised by short recirculation cycles, lower flow rates, secondary stage processes, secondary microbial consumers, and conditions suitable for autotrophs and conducive to nitrification and de-nitrification processes.

As well as MACRO RECIRCULATION ZONE N Characterised by extended recirculation cycles moderate flow rates, mixing of new influent and recycled influent, conducive to both heterotrophs and some autotrophs and providing secondary and tertiary oxidation and breakdown processes.

The complexities of these processes are achieved with flexible and adjustable non-clogging durable elements allowing for highly efficient water treatment processes to be achieved at reasonable costs, with the overall appearance of the system being similar to a natural waterway park.

FIG. 21illustrates a plan view, of the present invention where the system is installed at the edge of a water body, and is configured so as to intercept pollution entering the water body from a side tributary, or influent source, such as a stream, pipe, or combined sewage storm water overflow point.

The series of elements are configured to provide a partitioned27and separated treatment system reducing pollution before the treated water is discharged to the receiving water body.

The system is contained with the use of a floating and weighted baffle curtain27on one side, and the shoreline or a second curtain baffle on the other. The influent water is conveyed along this channel21.

Side baffles28extend generally perpendicular to the direction of flow forcing the water being treated to follow a serpentine plug flow path through a series of treatment zones or cells.

Floating treatment elements are configured in series along the treatment path in each zone or cell.

In this example the first cell incorporates a multi directional flow module at the influent point101.

In the second cell, two directional flow units are linked forming a double cycle element501generating a circulating spiralling flow in the second cell.

In the third cell, two opposing side mounted 180-degree directional flow units401are configured forming the final stage, though it shall be understood that the flow channel and series may be continued, as necessary to achieve the required treatment before the treated water is discharged to the receiving water body.

Preferably, the final stage in this embodiment may also include a riparian aggregate media filter, as shown inFIGS. 26, 27 and 28.

FIG. 22illustrates a plan view, of the present invention where the system is installed at the edge of a water body, and is configured so as to intercept pollution entering the water body from a side tributary, or influent source, such as a stream, pipe, or combined sewage storm water overflow point for example, as inFIG. 21, with treatment zones, as exemplified inFIG. 20.

In this example the series of elements are configured to provide a partitioned and separated treatment system, reducing pollution before the treated water is discharged to the receiving water body.

Baffle partitions28are configured to provide a series of overlapping serpentine and elongated flow paths generally perpendicular to the direction of the influent. Modules are arranged in series along the flow path.

The first module, is located towards the mouth of the influent source, and in this example the module is this location is shown as a combined module501consisting of a directional flow power train,201and a multi directional flow element101where the directional flow aspect pushes the directional follow in a generally horizontal direction, extending its horizontal travel of air bubbles introduced and improving both oxygen transfer and circulation effect as shown inFIG. 17.

A series of further directional flow elements,201, multi directional flow elements,101and baffle channelled directional flow elements401are configured in series along the treatment pathway, as exemplified inFIG. 20. It shall be understood that, the series of specific units may vary according to the site application.

Overlapping channelized flow paths provide efficient opportunities for recirculation from the end stage sections to initial stage sections interlinking media zones and reticulation types establishing multiplier effects. Recirculation in this way, at recirculation point offers opportunities for advanced nutrient removal where a reduced pollution loading is required to achieve treatment processes such as nitrification, and where by a carbon source required affecting a second treatment stage such as de-nitrification. Drawing water from the final, stage after nitrification and re-introducing it to the initial stages allows the organic pollution loading, to provide the carbon source for effective de-nitrification processes to take place. A macro recirculation point is shown, just behind the second unit. Optionally the final stage in this system may also employ a subsurface gravel filter of the type as shown inFIGS. 26, 27, &28.

This embodiment effectively protects a water body form incoming pollution such as form a combined sewage overflow source, providing multiple treatment zones, G, H, I, K, L, M, & N effectively exemplified inFIG. 20.

FIG. 23illustrates plan view example of the present invention, as installed within lagoon, pond or other containment.

In this embodiment, the cell is partitioned with a lateral dividing baffle28. Optionally the baffle is widened to support a floating access walkway41and distribution of compressed air and electricity to each of the respective stages.

The flow passes through a series of treatment stages, with the first three stages having linked directional and multi directional process elements501as shown inFIG. 17and the third stage having a multi directional module101.

Before the outflow, there is optionally provided an adjustable flow recirculation channel31. This embodiment provides multiple treatment zones, H, I, K, L as effectively exemplified inFIG. 20.

FIG. 24illustrates a plan view of an example of the present invention, as installed within lagoon, pond or other containment body.

In this embodiment, the cell is partitioned with a series of one or more generally perpendicular dividing baffles28. Optionally the baffles are widened to support floating access walkways, and distribution of compressed air and electricity to each of the respective modules. Baffles may be of a full depth type, or may extend fully across the containment in a partial depth under over system as shown inFIG. 20.

The final stage is a clarification and precipitation stage D

In this embodiment the flow passes through a series of treatment stages or cells each stage or cell providing a cascading treatment process.

Preferably the modules in each stage are adjustable in configuration, operational time and operational rate.

Before the outflow, there is optionally provided an adjustable flow recirculation channel31or duct operated by a low head airlift or pump with adjustable control of the recirculation rate.

This embodiment provides multiple treatment zones, H, I, K, L as effectively exemplified inFIG. 20.

This embodiment may be contained within a flexible impermeable liner. Modular elements may be packed and readily shipped allowing a cost effective multi stage treatment system, which mimics the natural process of a waterway within and engineered treatment system to be cost economically and quickly constructed.

FIG. 25of the present invention shows perspective view of a detail of one embodiment of the recirculation channel31shown in plan view inFIG. 24, and in section view inFIG. 20as a floating conveyance channel.

Wherein the circulation channel31consists of an impermeable membrane suspended from floatation supports.

Wherein the flow is conveyed across the encompassing water body. Optionally, aquatic plant supporting media modules and zones may be configured along the channel with roots extending down in to the flowing water in the channel. Optionally, the channel contains gravel substrate media weight at the bottom.

FIG. 26illustrates section view example of the present invention, wherein a subsurface gravel embankment1201at the edge of a water body is connected to one or more large diameter air lift tubes situated in proximity to a series of floating modules,101.

The suction, created by the rising air in the air-lift tube1234draws water in to the gravel filter, by means of a circulation pipe and an infiltrator pipe1238within the subsurface gravel media. The gravel media provides a biofilm Zone J Characterised by layers of aggregate mineral biofilm media with high surface area and medium flow through capacity conducive to the fixing of phosphorous and the filtration, precipitation, and adhesion of particulate pollution benefiting water quality and clarity.

Element101benefits from the multi directional circulation flow, achieving treatment Zone G characterised by high surface area, low density artificial media, high flow through capacity, multi axial dynamic movement, and self-cleaning flexible characteristics conducive to the treatment of BOD and COD and capable of managing a high flow and high suspended solids without clogging; Zone H characterised by elongate fibrous media, low flow through capacity, medium density, high specific surface area, and a portion above the water's surface, capable of supporting the establishment of higher emergent organisms with complex metabolic pathways conducive to reducing pollution by moving it up the food chain; and Zone I characterised by live substrate media consisting of the roots of a poly-culture of emergent aquatic plant species with a mixed density and moderate flow through capacity, where the roots, exude enzymes, and carbohydrates and form symbiotic relationships with aquatic organisms stabilising the system during fluctuations in flow and loading and continuously seeding the water body and surrounding biofilm zones with healthy population of beneficial microbial organisms while the plants themselves directly absorb nutrients in the water.

The interconnection of Zone J with the air lift, and zones G, H & I exemplifies the multiple benefits, achieve by a synergistic series of ecological treatment elements.

FIG. 27illustrates a similar embodiment as shown inFIG. 26, but where the influent gravel filter1337is disposed within the water body as a subsurface mound, with the capacity to filter water from all sides, increasing the surface area of the filter many fold, effectively doubling its functional life span before cleaning. As inFIG. 26the interconnection of Zone J with the air lift, and zones G, H & I as described inFIG. 26exemplifies the multiple benefits; achieve by a synergistic series of ecological treatment elements.

FIG. 28shows, a similar system as in27, however rather than an airlift, being used to draw water through the gravel filter a directional aerator1311circulator or propeller pump is used.

A pipe, with flexible sections connects the infiltrator1338in the gravel filter1337to the circulation pipe, and to the circulator1311providing process exemplified in zone J Characterised by layers of aggregate mineral biofilm media with high surface area and medium flow through capacity conducive to the fixing of phosphorous and the filtration, precipitation, and adhesion of particulate pollution benefiting water quality and clarity. A housing around the impellor of the directional circulator channels the flow achieving filtration, aeration, circulation, and recirculation through zones G, H, I, and M as described inFIG. 20with no additional energy expenditure, further exemplify the economic and treatment process benefit of the present invention.

FIG. 29shows a detail of a preferred embodiment of attached growth treatment element7as it is deployed within the system.

This element has several important features. The attached growth media element is oriented around a semi flexible core, and the media surfaces extend outwards. The media surfaces may be non-woven non braided fibre elements as shown in7cor textile leaves, or a mixture of both fibres and leaves7b. The diameter of the core flexible vertical element is always less than the diameter or width of the media surfaces.

The fibres or leaves surfaces extend outwards in flexible array situated so as to catch rising bubbles. The flexible feature of the radial elements allows the system to be self-cleaning allowing the circumference of each media column to be increased over 400 mm in diameter.

Media surfaces are open ended avoiding loops or woven sections which could lead to clogging.

The fibbers are fixed to a solid core, which has the important feature of having both rigid and flexible characteristics, to allow bending as shown in7cwhile maintaining a certain rigidity to prevent tangling. The media columns are each independent being affixed pith a swivelling bracket at the top and being free moving at the bottom. Their movement is not obstructed by any frame or structure and they may fold upwards7din high flow situations. The density of media surface is greater at the core, providing a protected zone conducive to biofilm growth around the flexible core. In this way both robust biofilms, at the ends of the surfaces and more delicate biofilms to can both form within each media column. Optionally this element may contain integrated are diffusion as shown inFIG. 20, embodiment1401

This element of the system is a preferred means of establishing DYNAMIC MEDIA ZONE G characterised by high surface area, low density artificial media, high flow through capacity, multi axial dynamic movement, and self-cleaning flexible characteristics conducive to the treatment of BOD and COD and capable of managing a high flow and high total suspend without clogging.

FIG. 30illustrates a section view of the present invention, wherein the system is integrated with an extended area of waterscape and wetland edge integrated elements. A the left of the illustration an air lift pump34incorporating a diffused air outlet,39draws water from an infiltration manifold,38buried within a directional flow gravel filter media Ec, comprising zone J; the outflow from the air lift, which may also be a propeller pump or other circulation device is located someway in from the edge of the main water body and establishes zone N.

In the illustrated example, the outflow form the air lift flows up and out underneath a floating module5aestablishing embodiment101and zones I & H; a portion of the water is circulation on a short cycle micro recirculation path, according to Zone M and the majority of the water flows out, through a gravel media37filtration berm, in a horizontal subsurface flow,43; passing one or more mineral media layers, shown in this illustration as Ea which may be a phosphorous binding media, and Eb which may be a finer grade of media, within the overall embodiment of1201.

Passing through Eb the flow continues filtering through emergent aquatic plants in a surface flow path,42; it shall be understood that any a plurality of filtration berms, directional and single directional flow gravel filters, and surface and sub-surface flow elements as may be interlinked extending in a wetland environment extending the system to achieve the required level of treatment.

Above directional gravel filter1201bthis is a passive, floating module without direct integration with any one aeration or circulation device, this element5badds to the total surface areas for biofilm growth, and process zones within the overall system, and it shall be understood that passive elements, such as this one are common features of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

To the right of the illustration is shown a vertical solid wall, with a floating module5afixed to the wall by a means, which allows it to move up and down according to variations in tides or other variation in the water elevation.

Below the floating module5ais shown a diffuser, in this embodiment the wall forms an obstruction channelling the flow outwards away from the wall, or other such obstruction in a generally directional flow path, in this way element5a, combined with diffuser39, and an obstruction or channel embodies the features of one type of directional flow device201.FIG. 30also shows a sediment extraction pipe, mounted to the wall to the right of module201. This pipe allows, sediment to easily be removed by any adequately equipped sediment suction pump, this feature may be deployed in one or several locations of the system shown in drawing #30, or in any other embodiment, preferably in precipitation zone K where sedimentation or sludge build up may occur.

In this illustration, the floating planted module5ais to be considered to be extended over a distance, and wherein the extension over a typical distance of wall of a water body is understood to have curved sections, in this embodiment of5ashown inFIG. 31

FIG. 31shows the floating module5ain plan view as a curved module adjustable on site to conform to the waterway bends, and locked in position to the set shape and curve of the corresponding wall, edge or shape. A bracketing system is employed, which preferably comprises angled tension and compression cross braces,3bwherein adjustment of the braces may be made to force the outer floatation element3cto elongate and the inner floatation element3ato shorten forming a curve, which, once the brackets are secured, will hold a fixed shape allowing a floating edge element to match a bend in a water body as illustratedFIG. 5ashown in section view inFIG. 30and in plan viewFIG. 31this method as generally defined byFIG. 31may be applied in the construction of floating walkaways, or curved shapes or elements requiring increased strength or curvature.

The present invention provides a cost effective, easy to transport and easy to install floating water treatment technology to address the problem of water contamination. The system may be applied in a lagoon, in a surface flow wetland system, or in a new treatment plant. It may also be applied in open waterways such as canals, rivers, ponds or lakes without the requirement for a controlled reactor volume.

The present invention provides a modular, floating, (optionally foldable) and shippable treatment system which can effectively be used to complete decentralized waste water treatment plants, reducing or negating the length and cost of piping networks.

A treatment system according to the invention may also be inserted in to an existing treatment system, increasing its capacity and performance.

Provision of a hollow structural cover provides a means for containing contaminant carrying aerosols, typically associated with mechanical aeration devices. Such a component also allows for filtered air to pass through planted media (where present), replacing and replenishing oxygen diffused by the aeration equipment and providing a primary filter, to malodorous gasses potentially released in the aeration process.

Integrated treatment systems according to the present invention may, for example, be deployed within a water area which is periodically subject to combined sewage overflow or storm drain discharge. Such systems may be aesthetically appealing yet provide a powerful treatment process reducing pollution and protecting the environment, without the need to compromise on form or function. They may also be applied in locations where it is desired to recycle water, and a cost effective, low impact treatment is required. It may also be applied in bioremediation purposes and for retrofitting in existing treatment works. Embodiments of the invention provide for rapid deployment of effective water treatment systems.

The invention provides an integrated water treatment system and arrangements of such water treatment systems, suitable for use in the treatment of contaminated water, wastewater, potable water, industrial water as well as polluted water bodies. An integrated water treatment system according to the invention comprises one or more modules adapted to float in a body of water, one or more attached growth media elements for suspension in the body of water; and one or more aeration devices suspended from the at least one module for aerating the body of water, and to generate water flow where the one or more attached growth media elements are disposed within the water flow. The system may include a multi-directional aeration device, a directional aeration device, or a combination of multi-directional and directional aeration devices. Arrangements including a plurality of integrated water treatment systems are also disclosed.

The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. The described embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilise the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Therefore, further modifications or improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention herein intended.