Orthodontic Bracket

An orthodontic bracket is described and which includes a bracket base which is releasably affixed to a patient's tooth; a bracket body borne on the bracket base and which defines a transversely disposed arch wire slot; and an arch wire received within the arch wire slot, and wherein the orthodontic bracket, acting in combination with the arch wire, is adjustable while affixed to the patient's tooth, to provide a multiplicity of selective torque and/or rotation expressions which individually, forcibly act upon the patient's tooth.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is generally indicated by the numeral10inFIG. 1and following. For purposes of the present application, it will be understood that common, repeated numerals, refer to similar structures in the various forms of the invention as disclosed, hereinafter. To appreciate the novelty of the present invention, it should be understood that the orthodontic bracket10of the present invention is employed to be releasably affixed on a patient's tooth11, and in particular, the anterior facing surface12thereof. The orthodontic bracket,10in combination with the arch wire as will be described, hereinafter, is employed to provide a multiplicity of selective torque expressions which individually, forcibly, act upon the patient's tooth11. For purposes of this patent application, the term “torque expression” as used hereinafter is defined as the force moment providing rotation of a patient's tooth around the x-axis (buccal-lingual). In particular, the orthodontic bracket10of the present invention can be employed to achieve first, second and third order movements, that is,13,14, and15, respectively as seen inFIG. 1without clinically predetermined manipulation, bending, twisting, or rotation of the rectangularly shaped arch wire, or the often repeated replacement of this arch wire during the orthodontic treatment period. The present invention10provides a novel means by which a clinician can readily shorten patient treatment times, and also achieve superior treatment results, and increased patient comfort, in a manner not possible, by utilizing the prior art appliances or practices.

First Form of the Invention

As earlier discussed in this application, tooth movement is defined relative to three planes in space. In this regard, movements in these respective planes are categorized as first order, second order and third order13,14and15, respectively (FIG. 1). First order movements13are commonly thought of as rotation and/or, in and out movements. This refers to movements that can be viewed from the occlusal perspective. On the other hand, second order movements, and which are often referred to as “tipping” can be viewed from a buccolingual or a labiolingual perspective. These include movements in the occlusogingival direction, or tipping about the buccolingual or labiolingual axis. As a general matter, rotation about the aforementioned axis would typically result in tipping of the root or crown in a mesial or distal direction. These second order movements are used for paralleling of the roots of the respective teeth, as well as elevating or depressing a given tooth. Finally, third order movements15are commonly thought of as “torque” and can be viewed from a mesial distal perspective or a buccolingual cross-section. Third order movements typically refer to movements about a mesial distal axis. This particular movement is often important when attempting to achieve proper incisor or buccoaxial inclination. First, second and third order movements are best seen by reference toFIG. 1, and are indicated by the numerals13,14and15, respectively.

The first form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral20inFIGS. 1-5. In this regard, the first form of the invention includes a bracket base, including a pad21, and which is suitably affixed by an adhesive, not shown, to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. The bracket base has a main body22, which is defined by a peripheral edge23. Still further, the bracket base21has an anterior facing surface24, and an opposite, posterior facing surface25, which is adhered or otherwise affixed to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. Still further, and as seen in the drawings, the first form of the invention20includes a bracket body30which is either affixed to, or made integral with, the bracket base21. The bracket body30has a main body31which extends generally anteriorly, outwardly relative to the anterior facing surface24of the bracket base21. Still further, the main body31also defines a superior or top surface34, and an opposite, inferior, or bottom surface35.

As seen in the drawings (FIGS. 1-3), the first form of the invention20, and more specifically the bracket body30includes opposed tie wings which are generally indicated by the numeral40. The tie wings extend, on the one hand, either superiorly, upwardly, or on the other hand inferiorly, downwardly, from the main body31as illustrated. Additionally, the bracket body30defines a transversely disposed cavity41, which is generally cylindrical in shape, and which is defined, at least in part, by a generally cylindrically shaped sidewall42. The transversely disposed cavity41is defined, at least in part, by an aperture43, which is formed in the anterior facing surface32, of the bracket body30, and which has a predetermined cross-sectional dimension. Moreover, and as seen in the drawings, an elongated, substantially arcuately shaped engagement channel44is formed in the bracket body30, and which communicates with the transversely disposed cavity41, and which further extends substantially along a vertical plane relative to the bracket body30. The elongated engagement channel44, has a first end45, and an opposite second end46.

As seen in the drawings (FIGS. 4 and 5), the first form of the invention20includes an arch wire insert50, which has a main body51, and which is further defined, in part, by an exterior facing surface52, and which is cylindrically shaped, and which further is sized so as to be telescopingly received within the transversely disposed cavity41, which is defined by the bracket body30. The main body51of the arch wire insert50further has a first end53, and a second end54. The main body51is further defined by a longitudinal axis55, and is further, selectively, partially rotatable thereabout the longitudinal axis55, and along a given path of travel, and which will be discussed in greater detail, hereinafter. As seen in the drawings, a multiplicity of spaced, engagement or locking channels56are formed in the exterior facing surface52.

The first form of the orthodontic bracket20of the present invention10, as noted above, includes an arch wire insert50. The arch wire insert50defines a transversely disposed and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot which is generally indicated by the numeral60. The transversely disposed arch wire slot60is defined, in part, by an opening61which is formed in the exterior facing surface52of the main body51. The arch wire slot60extends from the exterior facing surface52, and in the direction of the longitudinal axis55thereof. The opening61has a cross-sectional dimension which is less than the cross-sectional dimension of the aperture43which is formed in the anterior facing surface24of the bracket body30, as earlier discussed. As illustrated in the drawings, the transversely disposed arch wire slot60, which is generally rectangularly shaped, is also defined, at least in part, by opposed superior, and inferior facing surfaces62and63, respectively, and which are individually oriented in substantially predetermined, spaced, parallel relation, one relative to the other. Still further, the transversely disposed arch wire slot60includes a rear wall64which extends between the opposed, superior, and inferior, facing surfaces62and63, respectively, and which is further located posteriorly, inwardly, relative to the outside or exterior facing surface52of the main body51of the arch wire insert50. Additionally, and as will be seen inFIG. 4, a passageway65is formed in the arch wire insert, and which extends generally in a radial direction between the rear wall64of the arch wire slot60, to the exterior facing surface52, of the main body51. The passageway65is transversely oriented relative to, and directly communicates with, the elongated engagement channel44which is formed in the bracket body30, as was discussed in the paragraphs, above. Additionally, and as seen in the drawings (FIGS. 1 and 2), the main body51, of the arch wire insert50includes a portion66of the exterior facing surface52, and which extends outwardly through the aperture43, and which is defined by the bracket body30. This portion66is located anteriorly, outwardly, relative to the anterior facing surface32, of the bracket body30.

In the first form of the invention20, as illustrated, the arch wire insert50is generally rotatable about the longitudinal axis55. The arch wire insert50, and more specifically the main body51, thereof, is retained, or otherwise secured within the transversely disposed cavity41, by means of a first engagement member or retaining pin70. The first engagement member or retaining pin70is elongated in shape, and has a main body71. The main body71has an enlarged, proximal end72, and a distal end73. The distal end of the engagement member or retaining pin70is received within the elongated, arcuately shaped engagement channel44which is formed in the bracket body30. The engagement member or retaining pin substantially moveably fixes or retains the orientation of the arch wire insert50within the transversely disposed cavity41as defined by the bracket body30. Still further, the first engagement member70, when received within the elongated engagement channel44, provides a means by which the arch wire insert50is rendered selectively, moveably rotatable along a path of travel74, and in a range of movement of less than about 60 degrees relative to the bracket body30. In this regard, it will be appreciated from a study ofFIGS. 1 and 2, that the distal end73, of the first engagement member70defines the path of travel74, as the distal end73engages the opposite, first and second ends45and46respectively, of the elongated engagement channel44. The path of travel74, which is defined by the cooperation of the first engagement member or retaining pin70, with the channel44, ensures that the opening61is never occluded, in part, by the anterior facing surface32of the bracket body30. Therefore, the opening61of the arch wire slot60is exposed while moving along the path of travel74, so as to effectively receive the arch wire therein. Further, and by the selective rotation of the arch wire insert50, and which further acts upon the rectangular shaped arch wire, as will be described, hereinafter, and which further is received in the arch wire slot60, the arch wire insert50achieves predetermined first, second and third orders of movements13,14, and15, respectively, of the patient's tooth11, as earlier disclosed. The arch wire75, which is employed with the invention10, is of conventional design, and has a rectangular shape. The arch wire has a top or superior facing surface76, and an opposite, or inferior facing surface77. Further, the rectangular shaped arch wire75has side walls78. In the present form of the invention20, the invention provides a novel means for achieving first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11without replacing or a substitution of the rectangular shaped arch wire75, or further, without a clinically predetermined manipulation of the arch wire75(such as deliberate, calculated bending or twisting), and which is then received in the transversely disposed arch wire slot60. As earlier noted, this feature of the invention allows a clinician to shorten treatment times, and gives greater comfort to the patient because the repeated replacement of arch wires during the treatment of the patient is reduced or even eliminated. Moreover, the present invention allows a lighter force arch wire to be employed. This causes the patient to experience greater comfort during treatment.

As seen in the drawings, and in the first form of the invention20, a traditionally designed ligature80, such as an elastic band; a flexible wire, or the like, is utilized, and which is operable to engage the respective tie wings40which are made integral with the bracket body30. The ligature80is operable to frictionally engage the portion66of the main body51of the arch wire insert50, and which extends posteriorly, outwardly relative to the anterior facing surface32of the bracket body30. Additionally, and as seen in the drawings, and in this first form of the invention20, a second passageway90is formed in the main body31, and which extends from the superior or top surface34, and in the direction of, and couples to, or connects with, the transversely disposed cavity41. The second passageway90is operable to receive, in the nature of a friction-fit, a second engagement or locking member91. The second engagement or locking member91has a proximal end92, and a distal end93. The second engagement or locking member91, and more specifically the distal end93, thereof, is used to frictionally, or otherwise matingly engage, both the rotatable arch wire insert50, and the bracket body30, in a fashion so as to selectively, rotatably secure or otherwise fix the arch wire insert50in a predetermined position or orientation along the path of travel74, so as to provide a clinician a multiplicity of selective torque expressions which can individually, forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11, as earlier described. As seen in the drawings, the distal end93is typically received in one of the multiplicity of spaced engagement or locking channels56which are formed in the exterior facing surface52. As will be appreciated, the ligature80, which is provided, is operable to retain the rectangularly shaped arch wire75within the transversely disposed and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot60.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to an orthodontic bracket20which has a bracket base21, and which is further releasably affixed to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. The bracket body30is mounted on, or made integral with, the bracket base21, and further defines a transversely disposed cavity41. An arch wire insert50is provided, and which is defined by a longitudinal axis55, and which is further received within the transversely disposed cavity41. The main body51of the arch wire insert50further defines a transversely oriented arch wire slot60. Further, the arch wire insert50is selectively rotatable about the longitudinal axis55. An arch wire75is provided, and is placed within the transversely oriented and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot60. The arch wire insert, acting in combination with the rectangularly shaped arch wire75, provides a multiplicity of selective torque expressions13-15, respectively, and which individually forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11(FIG. 1).

Second Form of the Invention

A second form of the invention10, is illustrated in the drawings (FIGS. 6-10), and is generally indicated by the numeral100. The second form of the invention100, and which is similar to that described with the first form of the invention20, has a bracket base101. The bracket base101, has a main body102, and which is defined, at least in part, by a peripheral edge103. The main body102further has an anterior facing surface104, and an opposite, posterior facing surface105, which is typically adhesively affixed to the anterior facing surface12, of the patient's tooth11.

Extending generally, anteriorly, outwardly, and substantially normally relative to the bracket base101, of the second form of the invention100, is a pair of spaced, support members110(FIG. 7). The pair of spaced support members110are each defined by a main body111, and which further have a first, inwardly or posteriorly oriented edge112. The posterior oriented edge112is either mounted on, or made integral with, the anterior facing surface104of the bracket base. Additionally, each of the individual support members110further has a second, anterior, or outwardly facing edge113which, in this form of the invention, assumes a substantially curved shape as seen inFIG. 6. Moreover, each of the spaced support members110has a first passageway114formed therein. The first passageway114of each of the individual, spaced, support members110, are coaxially aligned. This coaxial alignment facilitates the receipt of an axle115therein. The axle115is spaced a predetermined distance from the anterior facing surface104of the bracket base101. As should be understood from a study of the drawings, a gap117is formed between the pair of spaced support members110. This gap has predetermined width dimensions. The pair of spaced support members110are disposed in substantially parallel, spaced relation, one relative to the other. Still further, and as seen in the drawings, a second passageway116is formed in predetermined spaced, relation relative to the first passageway114. The second passageway116is operable to receive, and releasably cooperate with, a locking member as will be discussed in greater detail, in the paragraphs which follow.

The second form of the invention100includes a rotatable bracket body which is herein indicated by the numeral120. The bracket body is defined, at least in part, by a main body121having an anterior facing surface122, and an opposite, posterior facing surface123. Still further, the main body121has a superior, or upper facing outside surface124, and an opposite, and lower, inferior facing surface125. The invention100includes tie wings126of conventional design, and which extend both superiorly, upwardly, and inferiorly, downwardly relative to the main body121, and are operable to be engaged by a ligature127of traditional design.

The bracket body120defines a transversely disposed, rectangularly shaped, arch wire slot130which extends inwardly relative to the anterior facing surface122, of the main body121. The transversely disposed and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot130is defined by superior and inferior facing surfaces131and132, respectively, and which are disposed in predetermined, substantially parallel, spaced relation, one relative to the other. Still further, the transversely disposed arch wire slot130is defined, in part, by an inwardly or posteriorly positioned sidewall133, and which joins the superior and inferior facing surfaces131and132, together. The transversely disposed arch wire slot130receives, and cooperates with a rectangular shaped arch wire134of traditional design. Again, the arch wire134has superior and inferior facing surfaces135and136, respectively, and which allows it to be received within the transversely disposed arch wire slot130. Still further, the arch wire134is defined by opposite sidewalls137. Again, in the second form of the invention100, the bracket body120, acting upon the arch wire134, can be selectively rotated to a predetermined orientation so as to effect first, second and third order movements13,14, and15of the patient's tooth11by utilizing the same arch wire134. The arch wire134is retained within the transversely disposed arch wire slot130, by means of the ligature127in a traditional fashion. This novel structure, therefore, allows a given orthodontic treatment plan to proceed rather expeditiously because a clinician no longer needs to repeatedly replace arch wires as often while a predetermined orthodontic treatment plan continues. Further a clinician can now achieve the desired third order control with lighter, and smaller dimensioned rectangular arch wires without the deliberate bending and manipulation of the arch wire which is now the common practice among clinicians.

The second form of the invention100includes an axle receiving member140which is affixed on, and which extends posteriorly, rearwardly relative to, the posterior facing surface123of the bracket body120. The axle receiving member140has a given width dimension which is less than the width dimension of the gap117, and which is defined between the pair of spaced support members110. Still further, the axle receiving member140is defined by a curvy-linear shaped peripheral edge141. Still further, an axle passageway142is formed through the axle receiving member140, and is operable to receive the axle115which is supported by the pair of spaced support members110. By means of the axle passageway142, the bracket body120is rotatable thereabout the axle115, and in a substantially vertical plane so as to achieve the benefits of the present invention. As illustrated, a multiplicity of semi-circular engagement apertures143are formed in spaced relation along the peripheral edge141. The individual semi-circular shaped engagement apertures143are oriented in a spaced fashion, one relative to the others, such that they may be individually, selectively coaxially aligned, at least in part, with the second passageway116which is formed in one of the pair of spaced support members110. When coaxially aligned, an engagement or locking member144may be received, therethrough, thereby fixedly positioning or orienting the bracket body120in a given rotational orientation relative to the bracket base101in order to achieve the benefits of the invention which include providing an orthodontic bracket100which, when acting upon the rectangularly shaped arch wire, provides multiple torque expressions which individually forcibly act on the patient's tooth11. As seen in the drawings, the curvy-linear shaped peripheral edge141includes regions, or portions145, that are defined between the respective semi-circular engagement apertures143, and which are substantially linear or flat in shape or profile. Depending upon the rotational orientation of the bracket body120, the individual linear portions145can be located or positioned in predetermined, substantially parallel, spaced relation relative to the bracket base101, and thus provide a means whereby the engagement or locking member144may be wedged, or otherwise lodged, or placed, therebetween one of the linear portions145, and the adjacent spaced bracket body120. When this placement of the locking member144is achieved, it is effective in substantially preventing further bracket body120rotational movement about the axle115. In this fashion, a clinician can readily, and almost continuously, rotatably adjust the rotatable angular orientation of the bracket body120relative to the bracket base101to achieve first, second and third order movements of the patient's tooth by utilizing the same rectangularly shaped arch wire134that has been employed in earlier phases of the orthodontic treatment regimen. Still further, this and the other forms of the invention as disclosed herein, provide a convenient, and novel means whereby a clinician can utilize a lighter force arch wire, but by the selective adjustment of the bracket body, can readily implement first, second and third order movements without continuously changing the size or dimensions of the rectangular arch wire, (thus shortening patient treatment times). Further, by utilizing lighter weight or lighter forces on the patient's tooth11, a clinician minimizes the potential for negative impact on the patient's tooth and tissue. Additionally, the use of the several forms of the orthodontic bracket as disclosed, provides greater patient comfort during the orthodontic treatment regimen because lighter force rectangular arch wires can be utilized to achieve first, second, and in particular, third order control of a patient's teeth.

Third Form of the Invention

A third form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral150, and is seen inFIGS. 11-16, respectively. As illustrated, the third form of the invention150includes a bracket base which is generally indicated by the numeral151, and which is secured on the anterior facing surface12of a patient's tooth11. Typically, this bracket base151is secured by a suitable adhesive or other means well known in the art. The bracket base has a main body152which is defined, in part, by an outside peripheral edge153. Still further, the main body152has an anterior facing surface154, and an opposite, posterior facing surface155which is affixed to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. The bracket base151further includes a pair of spaced support members160which are affixed on, or made integral with the bracket base151. The respective pair of spaced, substantially parallel support members160have a main body161which has a first posterior facing edge162and which is mounted on, or made integral with, the anterior facing surface154. Further, the main body161has a second, anterior facing edge163, as illustrated. Additionally, and as seen in the drawings, a first passageway164is formed in each of the pair of spaced support members160. The first passageway164, of each of the pair of spaced support members, are substantially coaxially aligned, and are sized so as to receive an axle165therethrough. Additionally, and as seen inFIG. 11, for example, a second, smaller passageway166is formed in at least one of the pair of spaced support members160, and which is located in predetermined spaced relation relative to the first passageway164. As can be appreciated from the drawings, a gap167is defined between the anterior facing surface154of the bracket base151, and the axle165which is received through the coaxially aligned first passageway164.

The third form of the invention150includes a bracket body170. The bracket body has a main body171, and which is rotatably mounted to the bracket base151. The bracket body170further has an anterior facing surface172, and a posterior facing surface173. Additionally, the main body171has both superior and inferior facing surfaces174and175, respectively. As discussed with the earlier forms of the invention, the bracket body170includes traditional tie wings176which extend generally superiorly, upwardly, or inferiorly, and downwardly relative to the main body171as illustrated.

As seen inFIG. 11and following, the bracket body170has an aperture177which is formed in the anterior facing surface172, and which leads to a rectangularly shaped arch wire slot180which is substantially transversely disposed, or otherwise formed in the bracket body170. The arch wire slot180is defined by opposed, and spaced, superior and inferior facing surfaces181and182, respectively. The superior and inferior facing surfaces181and182are joined together by an inwardly oriented, and posteriorly positioned sidewall183which joins to same. As seen in the drawings, and as earlier discussed, a rectangular shaped arch wire of conventional design184is received within the rectangularly shaped arch wire slot180. The arch wire has superior, and inferior facing surfaces185and186, and is further defined by sidewalls187which connect to the superior and inferior facing surfaces. The arch wire184is captured or otherwise received within the arch wire slot180by means of a moveable gate, here indicated by the numeral190. The gate190is formed of a main body191which has an anterior facing surface192, and an opposite, posterior facing surface193. The main body further has a superior or top edge194, and an opposite inferior or bottom edge195. By applying force to the anterior facing surface192, a clinician is able to move the gate190along a path of travel200between a first position201, (FIG. 13) where access to the arch wire slot180from the anterior facing surface177of the bracket body170is substantially unobstructed, to a second position202(FIG. 14), where the gate190occludes the aperture177which is formed in the anterior facing surface172of the bracket body170, and which further impedes access to the arch wire slot180by way of the anterior facing surface172of the bracket body. As seen inFIG. 11, the gate190is shown in the first, down position201, and inFIG. 12, the gate190is shown in the second or up position202. As seen in the drawings, the bracket body170is selectively rotatable along a substantially vertically disposed path of travel203, and within a range of movement which is less than about 60 degrees relative to the bracket base151. This allows a clinician to appropriately position the bracket body170in a predetermined location where the bracket body, acting in combination with the arch wire180, provides a multiplicity of torque expressions which individually forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11.

As illustrated inFIGS. 11,12,12A and following, the third form of the invention150includes an axle receiving member210which is mounted on, or made integral with the bracket body170, and which extends posteriorly, rearwardly relative thereto. The axle receiving member210has a posterior facing peripheral edge211which has an axle passageway212which is formed therein. The axle passageway212is operable to receive the axle165therein, and which renders the bracket body moveable along the path of travel203. Still further, and as seen in the drawings, a multiplicity of semi-circular shaped engagement apertures213are formed in a given pattern in the axle receiving member210, and are individually operable to be substantially coaxially aligned, at least in part, with the second passageway166which is formed in the individual pair of spaced support members160. By individually aligning the respective engagement apertures213, with the second passageway166, an engagement or locking member214may be received in the coaxially aligned passageways thereby fixing the bracket body170in a given, predetermined rotational orientation relative to the bracket base151. Similar to that described in the previous form of the invention, the engagement apertures213may take on a semi-circular form as seen inFIG. 11or be circular as seen inFIG. 13. Still further, flat or otherwise linear portions215of the posterior facing edge211may be provided (FIGS. 12 and 12A). As was previously discussed in the earlier form of the invention, the bracket body170, as seen inFIG. 12, may be rotated such that the flat or linear portions215may be individually positioned in predetermined, substantially parallel relation relative to the bracket base151. Thereafter, the engagement or locking member214may be positioned between the bracket base151, and the flat or linear portions215of the posterior facing peripheral edge211. When this is done, the bracket body170is fixed in one of a multitude of predetermined rotational orientations relative to the bracket base151, thereby providing a clinician with numerous, different orientations for the bracket body to act upon the arch wire184, in order to achieve the benefits of the present invention. As seen inFIG. 12A, the peripheral edge211in yet still another possible form of the invention is shown and which includes just a multiplicity of flat or linear portions which are employed to fix the rotational orientation of bracket body170in the manner as discussed, above.

Fourth Form of the Invention

The fourth form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral230, and is seen inFIGS. 17-22, respectively. In this fourth form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket230includes a bracket base231which, as previously described in the earlier forms of the invention, is suitably adhesively affixed to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. In this fourth form of the invention, the bracket base231includes a main body232which has an anterior facing surface233, and an opposite, posterior facing surface234, and which is affixed to the patient's tooth11. The fourth form of the invention230includes a bracket body240which is mounted on, or otherwise made integral with, the anterior facing surface233of the bracket base231. The bracket body240includes an anterior facing surface241, and an opposite, posterior facing surface242which is located in predetermined spaced relation relative to the anterior facing surface233of the bracket base231. An aperture243is formed in the anterior facing surface241of the bracket body, and which couples with or leads to an internal cavity which will be described in greater detail, below. Still further, the bracket body has a superior or upwardly facing surface244, and an inferior, or downwardly facing surface245.

The fourth form of the invention230, and more specifically the bracket body240thereof, defines a transversely disposed, substantially cylindrically shaped cavity which is indicated by the numeral250. The transversely disposed cavity250communicates with the aperture243which is formed in the anterior facing surface241thereof. The transversely disposed cavity250is defined by a cylindrically shaped sidewall251. Additionally, and as seen inFIG. 17, and following, a first passageway252is formed in the bracket body240, and extends from the superior or upwardly facing surface244, and communicates with, or couples to, the transversely disposed cavity250. The first passageway252is sized so as to receive an elongated locking member253which is seen inFIGS. 18 and 18A, respectively. The locking member has a superior edge254which extends superiorly, outwardly relative to the superior facing surface244, and an opposite inwardly, or inferior edge255, which can be moved along the first passageway252, and into frictional or mating receipt relative to a rotating arch wire insert as will be described in the paragraphs which follow. As seen in the drawings, an aperture256is formed near the superior edge254, and which allows a clinician's tool (not shown) to be passed through same, so that a clinician may exert a suitable amount of physical force on the locking member so as to move it along the first passageway252, and into, and out of forcible, locking engagement with the arch wire insert which will be described in greater detail, below.

As seen inFIG. 17, and following, the bracket body240, and more specifically, the transversely disposed cavity250is operable to receive, and matingly couple, and cooperate with, an arch wire insert which is generally indicated by the numeral260. The arch wire insert260is sized so as to be substantially coaxially and matingly received within the transversely disposed, and substantially cylindrically shaped cavity250. The arch wire insert has a main body261, which has an exterior facing surface262, and opposite, first and second ends263and264, respectively (FIG. 22). As provided, the arch wire insert is generally rotatable about its longitudinal axis265, as seen inFIG. 22. Still further, as seen inFIGS. 21 and 22, a plurality of spaced, radially outwardly located locking member channels266are formed in the exterior facing surface262, and are sized so as to matingly receive the locking member253, and more specifically the inferior or distal edge or end255thereof. The distal edge or end255may be moved into mating engagement with one of these several locking member channels266so as to selectively, fixedly position or orient the arch wire insert260in a given location relative to the bracket body240to achieve the benefits of the present invention.

The arch wire insert260, as seen inFIG. 17, and following, has formed therein an arch wire slot270, having a rectangular cross sectional design. The arch wire slot is defined by a top or superior facing surface271, and an opposite, bottom or inferior facing surface272. A posteriorly positioned rear wall273connects the top and bottom surfaces to provide a rectangularly shaped slot within which the arch wire, as will be described below, is received. The arch wire274is of a rectangular shape and a conventional design, and further has top and bottom surfaces275and276, respectively, and opposite side walls277. The arch wire274is retained within the arch wire slot270by a ligature of conventional design, and which is not shown, and which extends between the tie wings246, and which lays, at least in part, within conformable contact with the anterior facing surface241, of the bracket body240. The ligature is not shown inFIGS. 17-20, so as to allow the features of the present invention to be seen more clearly. As illustrated inFIG. 17, and following, a portion of the arch wire insert260extends outwardly through the aperture243which is defined by the anterior facing surface241of the bracket body. This portion of the main body extending outwardly through the aperture243, is frictionally engaged by the ligature, not shown.

The fourth form of the invention, as seen inFIGS. 17 and 22, respectively, includes a pair of end caps which are generally indicated by the numeral280. The end caps have a main body281, which has a posterior facing edge282, and which is affixed, or otherwise made integral with, the anterior facing surface233, of the bracket base231. Further, the main body has an anterior facing, and curved edge283, and which is positioned anteriorly, outwardly, relative to the bracket base231, and which further overlaps, and at least partially occludes, the transversely disposed cavity250. As will be understood, once the arch wire insert260is received within the transversely disposed cavity250, the fixing or mounting of the end caps280over a portion of the transversely disposed cavity250is effective in securing or otherwise maintaining the arch wire insert260in rotatable receipt within the bracket body240. As further illustrated by studyingFIGS. 17-20, respectively, the arch wire insert260is selectively rotatably moveable along a path of travel which is generally indicated by the numeral284. By the selective rotation of the arch wire insert260, and then by the use of the locking member253which engages the individual locking member channels266, a clinician can properly rotate the arch wire insert about the longitudinal axis265, and thereby place it in an appropriate fixed angle or orientation so as to receive the arch wire274therein. Once received therein, the mating cooperation of the arch wire slot270, in combination with the arch wire274, provides a clinician the ability to implement first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11upon which the fourth form of the invention230is mounted.

Fifth Form of the Invention

The fifth form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral290, and is illustrated inFIGS. 23-28, respectively. In this disclosed form of the invention, common structures bear similar numerals from that relating to the fourth form of the invention. Therefore, for purposes of brevity, the discussion relative to the bracket base231, and bracket body240, remain substantially identical to that previously discussed, relative to the fourth form of the invention230. In the fifth form of the invention290, the bracket body240receives, and otherwise rotatably supports, an arch wire insert which is generally indicated by the numeral300(FIGS. 28 and 29). The arch wire insert300is substantially cylindrically shaped, and is operable to be matingly, and coaxially received within the transversely disposed, and subsequently cylindrically shaped cavity250as defined by the bracket body240. Again, the arch wire insert300has a main body301which has an exterior facing surface302, and which further has opposite first and second ends303and304, respectively. The arch wire insert300, similar to the earlier arch wire inserts, which have been previously disclosed for the various forms of the invention, has a longitudinal axis305. The main body301is operable to rotate, at least in part, about the longitudinal axis305, so as to orient an arch wire slot, which will be described, below, in an appropriate orientation so as to achieve the benefits of the present invention. As seen in the drawings, a multiplicity of locking member channels306are formed in the opposite first and second ends303and304, respectively, and which are operable to matingly cooperate with a locking member which will be discussed in the paragraphs which follow.

With regards to the fifth form of the invention290, the fifth form of the invention includes a locking member which is generally indicated by the numeral310, as seen inFIGS. 24 and 25, respectively. The locking member has a main body311which has a superior, or upwardly facing edge312, and a lower, or inferior facing edge313. Again, with respect to the fifth form of the invention, and similar to that seen in the fourth form of the invention230, individual end caps314are affixed to, or otherwise made integral with the anterior facing surface241of the bracket body240, and extend anteriorly, outwardly relative thereto. The respective end caps314have a main body315, and the posterior edge316is either, on the one hand, matingly affixed, or otherwise made integral with the interior facing surface of the bracket body. Further, the respective end caps have an anterior facing edge317which in this form of the invention is shown in a curved configuration. Further, a narrowly rectangular passageway318is formed through the main body315, and is operable to receive the locking member310therein. The respective locking members310are individually operable to extend through the passageway318, and be received within the individual locking member channels306which are formed in the opposite first and second ends303and304respectively of the arch wire insert300as illustrated. In this manner, it should be understood, a clinician may move the individual locking members310out of engagement with the arch wire insert300, and thereafter rotate the arch wire insert along the path of travel319to position it so as to receive an arch wire as will be described, below. Once the arch wire is received within the arch wire insert300, a ligature, not shown, secures the arch wire within the arch wire insert. The mating cooperation of the arch wire, as will be described below, within the arch wire slot, is effective in providing first, second and third order movements to a patient's tooth11so as to achieve the benefits of the present invention. As noted in the drawings, a rectangular shaped arch wire320of conventional design is received within an arch wire slot321which is formed in the main body301of the arch wire insert300as earlier discussed with the other forms of the invention. Again, the arch wire slot has a top surface322, a bottom surface323, and a sidewall324. Again, as was discussed with the fourth form of the invention230, a ligature, not shown, is received about the tie wings246, and is operable to maintain the arch wire320within the arch wire slot321. Again, the mating cooperation of the arch wire320, with the rectangular shaped arch wire slot321, and depending upon its fixed, rotational orientation, facilitates the provision of first, second and third order movements to the patient's tooth11.

Sixth Form of the Invention

The sixth form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral360, and is best seen inFIGS. 30-35, respectively. The sixth form of the invention360like the several earlier forms of the invention described in this application, includes a bracket base361which is operable to be releasably, adhesively affixed to the anterior facing surface12of a patient's tooth11(FIG. 1) to affect the numerous benefits of the present invention. In particular, the bracket base361has a main body362having an outwardly or anterior facing surface363, and an opposite, posterior facing surface364. Additionally, and as seen inFIG. 30, the present invention360includes a bracket support or axle engagement member which is generally indicated by the numeral370, and which is mounted on, or otherwise made integral with the anterior facing surface363, of the bracket base. The bracket support or axle engagement member370extends anteriorly outwardly relative to the bracket base360. The bracket support member, and more specifically the main body thereof371, has a superior or upwardly facing surface372, and an opposite, downwardly, or inferior facing surface which is not shown, but which is substantially parallel to the superior facing surface. Additionally, the main body371includes opposite, and substantially parallel sidewalls374. As seen in the drawings, a passageway375is formed in the main body371, and which extends from the superior or upwardly facing surface372, to the lower or inferior facing surface to provide a passageway to receive an axle as will be described in greater detail, hereinafter.

The bracket base361rotatably mounts a bracket body380which is moveable along a given, arcuately shaped, and horizontally disposed path of travel as will be described, below. The bracket body380includes an anterior facing surface381, and an opposite, posterior facing surface382which is disposed in predetermined, spaced relation relative to the anterior facing surface363of the bracket base361. The bracket body380includes a superior facing surface383, as seen inFIG. 30, and following. Extending posteriorly, rearwardly, relative to the posterior facing surface382is a pair of bracket body support members384which are disposed in predetermined, substantially parallel, spaced relationship. The pair of spaced bracket body support members are operable to be received or positioned on the opposite sides of the bracket support or axle engagement member370. Further, the respective bracket body support members384have a superior facing surface385which has an aperture386formed therein. The aperture386which is formed in the respective pair of bracket body support members384, are substantially coaxially aligned. When the bracket body support members384are substantially coaxially aligned with the passageway375, which is formed in the bracket support member370, an axle387, can be received through the coaxially aligned apertures386, and passageway375, so as to render the bracket body380horizontally rotatable relative to the bracket base361. As seen inFIG. 30, and following, the bracket base380defines an aperture390which is formed in the anterior facing surface381of the bracket body380. The bracket body380further defines a transversely disposed substantially cylindrically shaped cavity391similar to that which is described with respect to several previous forms of the invention. Additionally, an elongated, substantially vertically oriented engagement channel392is formed in the bracket body, and communicates with the transversely disposed cavity391. Additionally, and as seen in the plan view ofFIG. 30, and following, a locking member aperture393is formed in the superior facing surface383, and further extends downwardly and communicates with the transversely disposed, substantially cylindrically shaped cavity. As seen inFIG. 30, and following, the superior facing surface383defines tie wings394which are similar to that described with the earlier forms of the invention.

The sixth form of the invention360includes an arch wire insert400(FIGS. 35 and 36) and which is substantially elongated, and cylindrically shaped, and which is sized so as to be coaxially, and telescopingly received within the transversely disposed cavity391. The arch wire insert400is similar to that described in the earlier forms of the invention, and includes a main body401which has an exterior facing surface402. A multiplicity of spaced, elongated locking member channels403are formed in the exterior facing surface, and are operable to be matingly engaged by a locking member which will be discussed below. The main body401further defines a transversely disposed and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot404. Again, the arch wire slot404is similar to that earlier described, and is defined by superior, and inferior facing surfaces405and406, and a sidewall407. The arch wire insert400is operable to partially rotate within the elongated engagement channel392in order to provide a clinician a means to facilitate first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11. As seen in the drawings, a generally radially extending passageway410is formed in the main body401of the arch wire insert400, and which is substantially aligned, and communicates with, the vertically disposed, and elongated engagement channel392which is formed in the bracket body380. The present invention360includes an elongated engagement member or retaining pin411having a distal end412. The engagement member or retaining pin411is received in the radially oriented passageway410, and the distal and412, is received within the elongated engagement channel392. As was discussed in some of the previous forms of the invention, the engagement member or retaining pin411retains the arch wire insert400within the bracket body380, and thereby defines a path of travel413as seen inFIG. 36. Additionally, the sixth form of the invention360includes a movable locking member414. The locking member414is operably received, and cooperates with, the locking member aperture393which is formed in the bracket body380. The locking member414has a superior edge415which may be engaged by a clinician's tool to move it within the locking member aperture, and further has an inferior or lower edge416which is operable to be received within, and matingly cooperate with the respective locking member channels403which are formed in the main body401of the arch wire insert400. By engagement of the locking member414with the arch wire insert400, a clinician can rotatably, fixedly adjust the orientation of the arch wire insert400relative to the bracket body380thereby achieving the first, second and third order movements desired. The arch wire slot404receives a rectangularly shaped arch wire417therein, as seen inFIG. 36.

The sixth form of the invention360includes a rotation adjustment member which is generally indicated by the numeral420, and which is seen inFIG. 31. In this regard, the rotation adjustment member has a main body421which has an anterior facing surface422, and an opposite posterior facing surface423. The rotation adjustment member420is defined, in part, by an elongated bridge member424which has opposite first and second ends425and426, respectively. As seen in the drawings, the rotation adjustment member420includes a pair of depending legs430which extend downwardly from the first and second ends425and426, respectively. The pair of depending legs have a first end431, which is coupled to the bridge member424, and an opposite distal end432. A gap433is defined between the pair of depending legs, and which is sized so that the respective depending legs can be positioned on or straddle the opposite sides of the bracket support or axle engagement member370which is mounted on the bracket base361. As will be seen in aFIGS. 31A,31B and31C, the bridge member424, and the respective depending legs430, may have individually different width dimensions which are generally indicated by the numeral434. As seen inFIG. 31A, the width dimension of the bridge member, and the pair of depending legs430, are substantially identical. However, inFIG. 31B, it will be noted that the depending legs, as illustrated, have different width dimensions, and the bridge member424has a variable width dimension.FIG. 31Cshows a mirror image ofFIG. 31B. As will be seen inFIGS. 32 and 33, the rotational adjustment member420, when placed in the region or gap which is defined between the anterior facing surface363of the bracket base361, and the posterior facing surface382, of the bracket body380, is operable to rotatably fix the bracket body380in a given rotational orientation so as to achieve the benefits of the present invention. As will be recognized from a study ofFIG. 30, and following, the sixth form of the invention allows a clinician to positionally adjust the orthodontic bracket10in such a fashion that the bracket body380can be located in a predetermined horizontal orientation along the path of travel388, and further the arch wire insert400may be rotated along a substantially vertical path of travel413(FIG. 36). This movement provides a means to place the arch wire417in a position where the mating cooperation of the arch wire417, with the arch wire slot404, is effective so that first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11can be achieved in a manner not possible, heretofore. The rotational adjustment member420includes a handle435which is mounted on the bridge member424, and which provides a convenient means whereby a clinician may use a suitable tool, not shown, to remove the locking member414so as to facilitate the rotation of the arch wire insert400to a given, predetermined orientation, so as to receive the arch wire417, therein. Again, in this form of the invention, the rectangular shaped arch wire417is retained within the arch wire slot404by means of a suitable ligature, not shown. The ligature is operable to be received and matingly cooperate with the tie wings394which are defined by the bracket body380.

The sixth form of the invention has an alternative version, which is seen inFIG. 35A. As seen inFIG. 35A, which represents a top plan view of the sixth form of the invention360, this version of the invention includes features similar to that earlier described, and therefore bears similar numbers on identical structures. In particular, it will be recognized in this version of the invention, that the orthodontic bracket360includes a bracket base361, which has an anterior facing surface363. Again, in this alternative version of the invention, a bracket support or axle engagement member370is mounted on the anterior facing surface363of the bracket base361. Further as seen inFIG. 35A, it will be recognized that multiple locking member passageways376are formed in a given pattern in the bracket support or axle engagement member370and pass completely therethrough. In this alternative version of the invention, the bracket body380which is provided, is rotatably moveable relative to the bracket support member370. The bracket body380, again, has an anterior facing surface381, and an opposite, posterior facing surface382. In this alternative form of the invention, a pair of bracket body support members384are provided. An aperture386is formed in the respective pair of bracket body support members384, and which are individually coaxially aligned with an aperture, not seen, and which is formed in the bracket support or axle engagement member370. An axle387is received through these coaxial aligned apertures, thereby rendering the bracket body380moveable along a path of travel which is generally labeled by the numeral388. As will be recognized by study ofFIG. 35A, multiple locking member passageways395are formed in the pair of spaced bracket body support members384. These respective locking member passageways395are operable to be individually, coaxially aligned relative to the multiple locking passageways376which are formed in the bracket support or axle engagement member370. When they are so coaxially aligned, a locking member, here, generally indicated by the numeral396, is received therethrough and thereby fixedly, rotatably orients the bracket body380in a given orientation relative to the bracket base361in order to achieve the benefits of the present invention.

Seventh Form of the Invention

The seventh form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral450, and is seen inFIGS. 37-40, respectively. The seventh form of the invention450achieves the benefits of the present invention, as earlier described, and which includes allowing a clinician to achieve first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11once the orthodontic bracket450is appropriately mounted by an adhesive or the like, on the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11.FIG. 32shows the seventh form of the invention450in a partially disassembled view for ease of understanding the structure, and the operation of the invention. In this regard,FIG. 37shows an orthodontic bracket450which is useful for achieving passive ligation of a patient's tooth11. As best seen inFIGS. 39 and 40, the seventh form of the invention450includes a bracket base451which is suitably affixed to a patient's tooth11by using adhesives, and other fastening techniques which are well known in the art. The bracket base451has a main body452which has an anterior facing surface453, and an opposite, posterior facing surface454which is typically adhesively affixed to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. As best illustrated inFIGS. 39 and 40, the anterior facing surface453of the bracket base451has a concavely shaped surface which has formed therein a multiplicity of locking member channels455, and which are further located in predetermined, substantially parallel, spaced relation along the anterior facing surface453. Additionally, and as illustrated inFIGS. 39 and 40, respectively, a pair of spaced support members460, are mounted on, or made integral with, the bracket base451, and which extend posteriorly, outwardly relative thereto. Still further, and as illustrated in the drawings, a first passageway461is formed in each of the pair of support members460. The respective first passageways461are substantially coaxially aligned. Still further, the respective first passageways461are sized so as to receive individual axle members462, therein. The individual axle members have a distal end463which are able to rotatably cooperate with the bracket body as will be discussed in greater detail, hereinafter. As best illustrated inFIG. 40, a gap464is defined between the pair of spaced support members, and is operable to receive therein, a portion of the bracket body as will be discussed below. The bracket body, thereafter, rotates about the individual axle members in a manner similar to that which was previously described for the several earlier forms of the invention.

The seventh form of the invention450includes a rotatable bracket body which is generally indicated by the numeral470. The bracket body470is defined by an anterior and a posterior facing surface471and472, respectively. Still further, the bracket body470has both superior, and inferior facing surfaces473and474, respectively. The anterior facing surface471defines opposed tie wings475, which are similar to that which was disclosed with the other forms of the invention. The bracket body470has formed therein a transversely disposed arch wire slot480which is defined by opposed superior, and inferior facing surfaces481and482, respectively, and which are disposed in predetermined, substantially parallel spaced relation. Still further, the rectangular arch wire slot includes a posteriorly positioned sidewall483which joins the superior and inferior facing surfaces together. Additionally, and as seen inFIG. 37, a locking member passageway484is formed in the posteriorly positioned sidewall483which defines, in part, the transversely disposed arch wire slot480. Additionally, and formed in the anterior facing surface471of the bracket body is a generally vertically oriented gate channel485which is operable to matingly and slideably cooperate with a gate, as will be described in the paragraphs which follows. Located substantially centrally of the vertically oriented gate channel485, is a spring member486which cooperates with the gate as will be described, to define a course of travel for the gate. Additionally, and formed in posterior sidewall483, is a recessed region487, and which surrounds the locking member passageway484. This recessed region allows the locking member, which will be discussed, hereinafter, to be received in the passageway484, but allows a sufficient amount of the locking member to be exposed so that it may be grasped by a clinician using a tool, such as tweezers, or the like, not shown.

As illustrated in the drawings, a moveable gate490is provided, and which is operable to cooperate with the bracket body470, and which permits selective access to the arch wire slot480, so as to place a rectangularly shaped arch wire, not shown, therein. The moveable gate, as illustrated, has a main body491, which has an anterior facing surface492, and superior and inferior facing edges493and494, respectively. Additionally, a pair of vertically oriented, and recessed guidance channels495are formed in the opposite, vertically oriented peripheral edges, and which are sized so as to be received within the vertically oriented gate channel485. This structure renders the gate490slideably movable relative to the bracket body470. As illustrated in the drawings, and which is shown in hidden lines, a spring receiving channel496is formed in the posterior facing surface of the main body491, and is operable to moveably cooperate with the spring486which is shown inFIG. 37. The spring receiving channel496provides, or defines a path of movement for the moveable gate490between a position whereby the moveable gate490is first positioned in a substantially non-occluding relationship relative to the transversely disposed arch wire slot480, and a second position, where the gate is moved to an occluding or blocking position. In the occluding, blocking or closed position, the gate490captures or encloses the rectangular shaped arch wire within the arch wire slot480. As seen in the plan view ofFIG. 40, an axle receiving member500is made integral with, and extends generally posteriorly, rearwardly, relative to the posterior facing surface472of the bracket body470. The axle receiving member has a main body501, and further has a posteriorly oriented peripheral edge502. Further, the main body is defined by a pair of substantially parallel sidewalls503. The main body is sized so as to be received within the gap464which is defined between the pair of support members460. As seen inFIG. 40, individual axle receiving passageways504are formed in each of the sidewalls503, and are substantially coaxially aligned, and are sized so as to receive the distal end463of the respective individual axle members462. Additionally, and as will be seen inFIG. 40, the locking member passageway505extends through the main body501, and is coupled with the locking member passageway484, and which is formed in the bracket body470. Further, and as illustrated inFIG. 40, a locking member510is provided, and which is sized so as to be received within the respective locking member passageways484and505, respectively. The locking member510has a first end511, and a distal, second end512which is individually received within the respective locking member channels455which are formed in the anterior facing surface453of the bracket base451. By selectively positioning the locking member510in the individual locking member channels455, a clinician can rotatably, adjustably, and fixedly position the bracket body470in various angular orientations relative to the bracket base451. Thereafter, and upon receiving an arch wire within the arch wire slot480, and after further closing the moveable gate490, the clinician may facilitate first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11, in a clinically desirable manner.

Eighth Form of the Invention

The eighth form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral550, and is best understood by a study ofFIGS. 41 through 45, respectively. In this form of the invention, which is similar in some respects to the fourth form of the invention230, the eighth form of the invention550includes a bracket base551, which has a main body552, and which further has an outwardly or anterior facing surface553, and a posterior or rearwardly facing surface554. The posterior facing surface, which is similar to the other forms of the invention as disclosed, is typically adhesively affixed to the posterior facing surface of the tooth of a patient which is undergoing treatment. Moveably affixed to the bracket base551, is a bracket body, which is generally indicated by the numeral560. The bracket body is defined, at least in part, by an anterior facing surface561, and a posterior facing surface562, which is positioned in spaced relation relative to the anterior facing surface553, of the main body. Again in this form of the invention, an aperture563is formed in the anterior facing surface561, and leads to a transversely disposed, substantially cylindrically shaped cavity, as will be discussed, below. Additionally, the bracket body560has a superior facing surface564, and an inferior facing surface565. Again, the superior and inferior facing surfaces each respectively define tie wings566, which can be engaged by a ligature614of conventional design. The bracket body560defines a transversely disposed, and substantially cylindrically shaped cavity570. The transversely disposed cavity570has a cylindrically shaped sidewall571. As best seen by reference toFIG. 44, a multiplicity of locking member channels572are formed in the cylindrically shaped sidewall, and extend generally posteriorly inwardly, and rearwardly relative thereto. As best seen by reference toFIG. 44, the multiplicity of locking member channels are formed into a first group of locking member channels573, which include an upper, lower and centrally disposed locking member channel; and a second group of locking member channels574, which include just an upper and a lower locking member channel. As will be understood from studying the drawings, and the text which will follow, the respective locking member channels provide a convenient means for rotatably, adjustably positioning an arch wire insert in a given fixed rotational orientation relative to the bracket body560, to achieve the benefits of the present invention.

It will be seen from a study ofFIG. 44that a substantially vertically oriented engagement channel575is formed in the cylindrically shaped sidewall571of the transversely disposed cavity570. The engagement channel575has a first end576, and a second end577. Again this engagement channel defines a path of movement, as will be discussed, hereinafter, for the arch wire insert to move relative to the bracket body560.

The transversely disposed, and substantially cylindrically shaped cavity570which is formed in the bracket body560, receives an arch wire insert, which is generally indicated by the numeral580. The arch wire insert580is formed of a cylindrically shaped main body, which is telescopingly received within the transversely disposed cavity570. The main body581has an exterior facing surface582, and is further defined by first and second ends583and584, respectively. Still further, the arch wire insert has a longitudinal axis585, about which the main body581rotates, at least in part. Additionally, it will be seen from a study ofFIG. 42, that the main body581is operable to move along a path of travel, which is generally indicated by the numeral586. This path of travel and movement is defined, in part, by an engagement member, which will be discussed in further detail, hereinafter.

The main body581defines a rectangularly shaped arch wire slot590, which extends between the first and second ends582and583, respectively. The arch wire slot is placed in communication with the aperture563, which is formed in the bracket body560. The rectangularly shaped arch wire slot is defined by a top, or superior facing surface591, and which is disposed in predetermined, substantially parallel, spaced relation relative to a bottom or inferior facing surface592. Further, a rear wall593connects the superior, and inferior facing surfaces together, so as to form the substantially rectangularly shaped arch wire slot. As seen inFIG. 45, a primary, rectangular shaped recessed region594is formed in the rear wall593. Additionally, a secondary, substantially square-shaped recessed region595is formed generally centrally of the primary region594(FIG. 45). Formed substantially centrally of the secondary, square-shaped recessed region595is a passageway596, which extends substantially radially, outwardly through the main body581, and which is substantially coaxial aligned with the engagement channel575, which is formed in the bracket body560. Additionally, and as seen inFIG. 45and following, a multiplicity of locking member passageways600are generally formed in the arch wire insert580. The locking member passageways include a first group of locking member passageways601, and a second group of locking member passageways602. The respective locking member passageways are located on the opposite sides of the passageway596, which is formed in the main body581of the arch wire insert. Additionally, and as will be seen inFIG. 45, a recessed region603is formed about the respective locking member passageways601and602, respectively. As seen in the drawings, first and second locking members604and605, respectively, are received within the first and second locking member passageways601and602, respectively. The recessed region603provides a convenient means whereby the proximal end of the respective locking members can be recessed below the surface of the rear wall593, and provides adequate space for an orthodontist to use a tool, such as tweezers, to grasp the respective first and second locking member604and605, respectively, so as to remove them from their respective passageways. The respective first and second locking members604and605, each have a distal end607, which is operable to be matingly received within individual locking member channels572, which may be located within either the first or second group573or574, respectively. By the placement of the distal end within the individual locking member channels, a clinician can readily, fixedly position the arch wire insert580in various, fixed, angular orientations relative to the bracket body, such as is seen inFIG. 42, in order to implement the features of the present invention. Again, by grasping the proximal end606of the first and/or second locking member, they may be individually placed so as to provide a wide range of fixed orientations for the arch wire insert to achieve the benefits of the present invention.

Received within the arch wire slot590, is a rectangularly shaped arch wire610of conventional design. The arch wire610has top and bottom surfaces611and612, respectively. Further, the arch wire has sidewalls613, which connect the top and bottom surfaces together. A ligature614is provided and which secures the arch wire610within the archwire slot590. The arch wire610is acted upon by the arch wire slot to achieve the benefits of the present invention. Additionally, and as will be seen, the passageway596, which receives the engagement member597, defines the course of travel along which the arch wire insert may travel.

Ninth Form of the Invention

The ninth form of the invention is generally indicated by the numeral650, and is best seen inFIGS. 46 through 54, respectively. In this form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket650includes a bracket base which is generally indicated by the numeral651, and which has a main body652. The main body652has an anterior facing surface653, and an opposite, posterior facing surface654, which is typically adhesively affixed to the anterior facing surface of a patient's tooth which is being treated. As seen inFIGS. 46,48and50, respectively, a multiplicity of locking member channels655are formed in a given pattern within the anterior facing surface653of the bracket base651. In this regard, the plurality of locking member channels are formed into a first group656, which includes three equally spaced locking member channels; and a second group657, which is spaced, therefrom, and which includes at least two locking member channels. It will be seen by studyingFIG. 50that the locking member channels provide a means for nearly substantially continuous rotational adjustment of the position of the bracket body, as will be discussed in greater detail, hereinafter, and which is similar to that seen in the eighth form of the invention, and which was previously disclosed. As illustrated inFIG. 46andFIG. 50, respectively, a pair of spaced support members660are mounted on the anterior facing surface653, and extend typically, normally, outwardly therefrom. The pair of spaced support members660are disposed in predetermined, spaced relationship. Formed in each of the pair of spaced support is an axle passageway661, which is substantially coaxially aligned with the other one formed in the adjacent support member. The respective axle passageways are operable to matingly receive an axle662, therethrough, and which provides a means for rotatably supporting the bracket body, which will be discussed in greater detail, hereafter. Each of the respective axle members662, have a distal end which is positioned in the gap or space that is defined between the pair of spaced support members660. Additionally, it will be recognized from the view, as seen inFIG. 48, that a gap664, having predetermined width and depth dimensions, is defined between the pair of support members660.

The ninth form of the invention650includes a rotatable bracket body which is generally indicated by the numeral670, and which is similar to the seventh form of the invention450. The bracket body670has an anterior facing surface671, and an opposite, posterior facing surface672. Still further the bracket body670has a superior facing surface673, and an opposite, inferior facing surface674. The bracket body670defines traditional tie wings, which again, are indicated by the numerals675.

The bracket body670further defines a transversely disposed, and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot680which is positioned between the superior and inferior facing surfaces673, and674, respectively. The transversely disposed arch wire slot is defined by a top, or superior surface681, and a bottom, or inferior facing surface682which are disposed in predetermined substantially parallel spaced relation, one relative to the other. Still further, the transversely disposed arch wire slot680is defined, in part, by a posteriorly located sidewall683which joins the superior and inferior facing surfaces681and682, together. Additionally, and as best seen by reference toFIG. 49, a substantially narrowly rectangular recessed region684, is formed in the posteriorly located sidewall683. The recessed region has formed therein a pair of locking member passageway685which extend posteriorly, rearwardly, relative to the bracket body670, and are operable to receive individual locking members686therein. The respective locking members686are substantially identical, and have a first or proximal end687, and a second or distal end688. The distal end688is operable to be received within or cooperate with the respective first and second groups656and657of the plurality of locking member channels655. As earlier discussed, the locking member channels655are formed in the anterior facing surface653of the bracket base651. By receipt of the individual locking members in the respective locking member channels655, the rotatable bracket body, as will be discussed in further detail, below, is operable to rotate in a given vertical plane and then be fixedly located in the vertical plane as seen inFIGS. 52 and 53, respectively.

The ninth form of the invention650, and more specifically the anterior facing surface671, of the bracket body670, has formed therein a vertically oriented gate channel690. The vertically orientated gate channel has positioned substantially centrally thereof a resilient spring691which is operable to matingly cooperate and control the movement of a movable gate692which is similar to that shown with the seventh form of the invention. The movable gate692has an anterior facing surface693, and which has formed therein a pair of vertically oriented guidance channels694along the vertically oriented peripheral edges thereof. The respective vertically oriented guidance channels slideably couple, or cooperatively mate with, the vertically oriented gate channel690so as to define a course of travel for the moveable gate692. Additionally, and as will be seen inFIG. 49, a spring receiving channel695is formed in the posterior facing surface of the moveable gate692, and is operable to matingly cooperate with the spring691. The moveable gate as seen inFIG. 54is operable to move along a path of travel700between a first, nonoccluding or down position701, which allows access to the transversely disposed arch wire slot680, and a second, occluding or up position702, as shown in the same drawing. When located in the second, occluding or up position702, the moveable gate692is operable to enclose a rectangularly shaped arch wire of traditional design within the arch wire slot680to achieve the benefits of the present invention.

As seen inFIGS. 52 to 54, an arch wire710, of conventional design is received within the transversely disposed arch wire slot680. The rectangularly shaped arch wire, is defined, in part, by a top or superior facing surface711, and an opposite bottom, or inferior facing surface712. Still further the arch wire has sidewalls713which couple the top and bottom surfaces together. As illustrated, in the drawings, the arch wire, is operable to engage the top and bottom surfaces711and712to form various torque couples714which exert force which is transmitted by the bracket body670, to the bracket base651, and which causes first, second and third order movements in the patient's tooth11in order to achieve the orthodontic benefits achieved by the present invention.

As seen inFIG. 47, and following, the bracket body670is rotatably moveable relative to the bracket base651by an axle receiving member720which extends posteriorly, rearwardly, relative to the posterior facing surface672. In this regard, the axle receiving member has a main body721which has a posterior facing peripheral edge722, and which as seen in profile inFIG. 52, and following, is substantially curved so as to matingly cooperate with the anterior facing surface653of the bracket base651. Additionally, the axle receiving member is defined by a pair of spaced, substantially parallel sidewalls723. The main body, as measured between the sidewalls723, has a width dimension which is less than the dimensions of the gap664which is defined between the pair of spaced support member660. Additionally, and as seen inFIG. 47, individual axle receiving passageways724are formed in the respective sidewalls723, and are operable to be coaxially aligned relative to the axle passageways661which are formed in the respective pair of spaced support members660. When substantially coaxially aligned, the respective axles662, and more specifically the distal ends663, thereof, are individually operable to be received within the axle receiving passageways724thereby rendering the main body721rotatable thereabout the respective axle member662. As seen inFIG. 47, the respective locking member passageways685extend through the main body721thereby allowing the distal ends688of the respective locking members686to extend, posteriorly, rearwardly, therefrom, and be individually received within one of the plurality of locking member channels655. A clinician by choosing either the first group656, or the second group657, can readily, fixedly, position the bracket body670in given predetermined orientations as seen inFIGS. 52 through 54respectively in order to achieve the torquing couples714which are desired so as to impart a predetermined force on a patient's tooth11and thereby achieve first, second and third order movements as earlier described. The bracket body670moves along a vertically disposed path of travel725as seen inFIGS. 52 through 54respectively.

Operation

The operation of the described embodiments of the present invention are believed to be readily apparent, and are briefly summarized at this point.

In its broadest aspect, the present invention which can be utilized in either a traditional tied active and/or passive self ligation mode relates to an orthodontic bracket10which, in the first form of the invention20, includes a bracket base21, and which is releasably affixed to an anterior facing surface12of a patient's tooth11. The present invention also include a bracket body30, which as seen in the first form of the invention20, is borne on the bracket base21, and which further has an anterior facing surface32. The bracket body30defines a transversely disposed arch wire slot60. The present invention as seen in the first form20, has an arch wire75which is received within the transverse, arch wire slot60. The orthodontic bracket20, acting in combination with the arch wire75, is adjustable while affixed to the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11, so as to provide a multiplicity of selective torque expressions which individually, forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11, and which facilitates first, second and third order movements. As seen with respect to the various forms of the invention as disclosed, the orthodontic bracket10can be employed to achieve, first, second and third orders of movement13,14and15, respectively, of the patient's tooth11without a clinically predetermined manipulation, bending, distortion, or rotation of the arch wire75, other than merely placing the rectangularly shaped arch wire within the arch wire slot60. Stated somewhat differently, the present invention substantially removes the need for a clinician to make predetermined, calculated, bends or rotations to the arch wire75so as to achieve the desired first, second and third order movements of a patient's tooth11. As earlier disclosed, the determination and preparation of these predetermined bends, distortions, or rotations to the arch wire75have been difficult to achieve, and to calculate in normal clinical practice. The orthodontic bracket20, as seen in the drawings, includes a bracket body30which is immovably affixed to the bracket base21. In an alternative form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket100, as illustrated, includes a bracket body120which is partially, rotatably movable relative to the bracket base101.

In the second form of the invention as seen in the drawings, the orthodontic bracket100includes a bracket body120which may be only partially, rotatably movable in one axis relative to the bracket base101. In another possible form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket360includes a bracket body380which is partially, rotatably moveable in two axes of movement which are substantially perpendicular to each other. In the sixth form of the invention360, the bracket body is partially, rotatably moveable in two axes of movement, and the transverse rectangularly shaped arch wire slot404is independently, moveably, adjustable relative the bracket base361. In the first form of the invention20, the transverse, arch wire slot60has a longitudinal axis55, and is further selectively rotatable about the longitudinal axis. As seen in the first form of the invention20, the orthodontic bracket is an active, self-ligating orthodontic bracket. However, in the form of the invention as seen at numeral150, the orthodontic bracket is a passive self-ligating orthodontic bracket. As seen in the drawings, the orthodontic bracket150has a bracket body170which is rotatable in a predetermined, substantially vertically oriented plane, when the bracket base151is affixed on the anterior surface of the patient's tooth11. In the sixth form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket360has a bracket body380which is rotatable in a predetermined, substantially horizontally oriented plane, when the bracket base361is affixed on the anterior facing surface12of the patient's tooth11. In the first form of the invention20, the orthodontic bracket further includes an engagement member or retaining pin70which positions or retains the arch wire insert50, in a predetermined orientation relative to the bracket base20, so as to provide a given torque expression. The orthodontic bracket as illustrated, and which has been given the numeral150(FIG. 11), further includes an engagement or locking member214(FIG. 12) and which is positioned between the bracket body240, and the bracket base231, so as to prevent the movement of the bracket body240. In the second form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket100has an aperture or passageway116which is formed in each of the support members110that are mounted on the bracket base101, and a multiplicity of semi-circular apertures143are formed in the bracket body120. When these apertures or features are coaxially aligned, at least in part, with the passageway116, they are operable to receive an engagement or locking member144therethrough, and which is effective in maintaining the bracket body120in a given orientation relative to the bracket base so as to provide a given torque expression. In the first form of the invention20, the orthodontic bracket, as shown, defines a transversely disposed and rectangularly shaped arch wire slot60which is further defined by the arch wire insert50. The arch wire insert50is rotatably mounted, and located, at least in part, within the bracket body30. In the first form of the invention20, the engagement member or retainer pin70is provided, and which is used to engage both the rotatable arch wire insert50, and the bracket body30, and which is operable to maintain the rotatable arch wire insert50within the bracket body30. In the sixth form of the invention, the orthodontic bracket360further includes a rotational adjustment member420which is sandwiched between the bracket body380, and bracket base361, and which fixes the relative rotational orientation of the bracket body380relative to the bracket base361.

A second aspect of the present invention relates to an orthodontic bracket20, and which includes a bracket base21which is releasably affixed to an anterior facing surface12of a patient's tooth11; and a bracket body30mounted on the bracket base21, and which has an anterior facing surface32, and which further defines a transversely disposed cavity41. The orthodontic bracket20further includes an arch wire insert50having a main body51, and which is defined by a longitudinal axis55, and which is further received within the transversely disposed cavity41. The main body51further defines a transversely disposed arch wire slot60. The arch wire insert50is selectively rotatable about the longitudinal axis55thereof. The orthodontic bracket20further includes an arch wire75which is received within the transversely oriented arch wire slot60, and which, acting in combination with arch wire insert50, provides a multiplicity of selective torque expressions to effect first, second and third order movements13,14and15, respectively, and which individually forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11. As noted above, the arch wire insert50is selectively rotatable along a given path of travel74, and about the longitudinal axis55, and in a range of movement of less than about 60 degrees relative to the bracket body30. The arch wire75can pass through both the aperture43which is defined by the bracket body, and the opening61, which is defined by the main body51of the arch wire insert50, and be received in the arch wire slot75while the arch wire insert50is located along the path of travel74. The orthodontic bracket20of the present invention, as noted above, includes a transversely disposed cavity41which is substantially cylindrically shaped, and the main body51of the arch wire insert50is cylindrically shaped, and is sized so as to be coaxially, telescopingly, received within the transversely disposed cavity. The main body51of the arch wire insert50has a first end53, and an opposite second end54. The arch wire slot60extends between the opposite first and second ends of the main body51.

Still another aspect of the present invention relates to an orthodontic bracket150which includes a bracket base151which is releasably affixed to an anterior facing surface12of a patient's tooth11, and a bracket body170which moveably cooperates with the bracket base150. The anterior facing surface of the bracket body151defines a transversely disposed arch wire slot180which can be accessed through an aperture177and which is formed in the anterior facing surface173of the bracket body170. The orthodontic bracket150includes a gate190which is moveably borne by the anterior facing surface172of the bracket body170, and which further can move along a path of travel200from a first, open position201, where access to the arch wire slot180from the anterior facing surface172of the bracket body170is substantially unobstructed, to a second, closed position202, where the gate190occludes the aperture177which is formed in the anterior facing surface172of the bracket body170, and which further impedes access to the arch wire slot180by way of the anterior facing surface172of the bracket body170. Still further, the orthodontic bracket includes a rectangularly shaped arch wire184which is received within the transversely disposed arch wire slot180, and which is further retained therein when the gate190is located in the second, occluding, closed, or blocking position202. In the present invention, the moveable bracket body170, acting in combination with the arch wire184, provides a multiplicity of torque expressions which individually forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11.

Still yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an orthodontic bracket650, which includes a bracket based651, which is releasably affixed to an anterior facing surface12of a patient's tooth11; a bracket body670which is borne by the bracket base651, and which further has a selectively adjustable, and transversely disposed arch wire slot680; and an arch wire710received within the selectively adjustable transversely disposed arch wire slot680, and wherein the selectively adjustable transversely disposed arch wire slot680, acting in combination with the arch wire710, provides a multiplicity of selective torque expressions which individually, forcibly act upon the patient's tooth11.

Therefore, it will be seen that the present invention provides a convenient means whereby a clinician can conveniently treat a patient having various dental and other tooth anomalies by employing an orthodontic bracket, and an associated arch wire in a fashion which allows minimal force to be applied to the patient's tooth, but which further allows a clinician to impart sufficient force to effect first, second and third order movements in order to correct deficiencies in the alignment of patient's teeth in a manner not possible heretofore.