Method and apparatus for producing a yellow flame within a fireplace

A fireplace gas burning assembly for producing a clean burning yellow flame in a chamber is disclosed. The assembly includes at least one means for introducing a substantially vertical flow of a flammable fluid into the chamber. The assembly also includes at least one means for introducing a substantially vertical stream of secondary air into the chamber. The means for introducing a substantially vertical stream of secondary air into the chamber is positioned such that the stream of air and flow of flammable fluid intersect such that when ignition occurs a yellow clean burning flame will be produced.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to gas burners, and, in particular, it 
embraces the intermixing or "intersection", within a fire chamber, of a 
substantially vertical flow of flammable fluid with a substantially 
vertical stream of secondary air to produce an aesthetically appealing 
yellow flame which burns efficiently and cleanly. 
Gas fireplaces are rapidly replacing wood burning fireplaces. In general, 
they are easier to clean, easier to maintain and cleaner burning than 
conventional wood burning fireplaces. Commonly, "primary air" is 
introduced into a gas-air mixing chamber so as to achieve more complete 
combustion. However, this requires the use of a mixing chamber which adds 
to the cost and complexity of the unit. A common drawback of gas 
fireplaces is that they have difficulty in producing a flame which 
resembles that of a natural wood log fire. Further, those gas fireplaces 
which have been able to produce a yellow flame produce high amounts of 
carbon monoxide and other undesirable pollutants. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,240, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,241, both to Rieger, 
disclose a burner assembly for use in a fireplace. The burner assembly 
produces a flame pattern which resembles that of a natural wood log fire 
and has a reduced level of carbon monoxide production. The flame is 
yellow. Gas enters the burner assembly through an orifice and mixes with a 
predetermined amount of fresh air in a mixing chamber. The mixture of gas 
and air is transferred to an opening to be lighted. A problem with Rieger 
is that it requires a mixing chamber which adds to the cost and expense of 
manufacture. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,229 to Richter discloses an artificial fireplace having 
a burner and simulated logs. The burner includes a chamber for the mixing 
of gas and air. The mixture of gas and air passes through a myriad of tiny 
passageways and is then ignited. A problem with Richter is that it 
requires both a mixing chamber and a myriad of passageways for the gas-air 
mixture. This adds to the complexity and cost of the unit. 
U.S. Pat. No. 2,084,566 to Warfield discloses a gas fireplace log. The log 
is hollow and receives a mixture of gas and air through a mixing tube. The 
mixing tube receives air from an inlet aperture and gas from a gas line. 
The mixing tube leads to a burner within the hollow log. Burning occurs 
completely within the log. A drawback of Warfield is that it requires a 
mixing tube and a hollow log. Thus, the cost of manufacture is increased. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,760,790 to Voges et al. broadly discloses that it is known 
to mix secondary air with a gas at the base of a flame but does not 
disclose how this is done. A problem with Voges, however, is that the air 
is not introduced vertically into the root or base of the flame. Hence, 
the height of the flame may only be adjusted by varying the flow rate of 
the gas or varying the size of the gas orifice. 
Accordingly, none of the related art describes a method and/or apparatus 
for producing a clean burning yellow flame involving the intersection, 
within a fire chamber, of a substantially vertical flow of flammable fluid 
with a substantially vertical flow of secondary air wherein the height of 
the flame may be varied by varying the rate of introduction of the 
vertical flow of secondary air. 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to significantly reduce 
the amount of carbon monoxide and other pollutants produced by an 
aesthetically appealing yellow flame. 
It is another object of the present invention to produce an aesthetically 
appealing, clean burning yellow flame without the use of mixing chambers 
and/or mixing tubes. 
It is a further object of the present invention to vary the height of an 
aesthetically appealing clean burning yellow flame by varying the rate of 
introduction of secondary air and/or varying the rate of introduction of 
gas. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by the 
present invention which provides a fireplace gas burning assembly for 
producing a yellow clean burning flame in a chamber. The assembly includes 
ignition means and at least one means for introducing a substantially 
vertical flow of flammable fluid into the chamber. The assembly also 
includes means for introducing a substantially vertical stream of 
secondary air into the chamber. The means for introducing a substantially 
vertical stream of secondary air is positioned such that the stream of air 
and flow of flammable fluid intersect so as to form a clean burning yellow 
flame upon ignition. 
Preferably, the assembly includes means for varying the rate of 
introduction of flammable fluid such as a gas valve. An air pump may be 
used to vary the rate of introduction of the stream of secondary air. 
Preferably, the air pump is a variable speed air pump. 
Preferably, the assembly has at least one imitation log. The imitation log 
is in relationship to the intersecting stream and flammable fluid such 
that when the intersecting stream and flammable fluid burn, the imitation 
log appears to burn. The imitation log is supported by a grate. 
The assembly is housed in a housing having a back wall, side walls and a 
base supporting the back wall and side walls. The base has at least one 
opening for the introduction of a substantially vertical stream of 
secondary air into a fire chamber. The base openings are positioned such 
that the substantially vertical stream of secondary air intersects the 
flow of flammable fluid so that when ignition occurs a clean burning 
yellow flame will be produced. Preferably, the opening in the base is 
circular in shape. The means for introducing flammable fluid can be a pipe 
having at least one aperture for the discharge of gas. Preferably, the 
housing has a front wall comprised of a transparent material such as 
glass. 
The unit further includes a first air inlet located above the base of the 
housing and an opening above the first air inlet. Preferably, the first 
air inlet is of a size sufficient to provide about 20% of the secondary 
air to be introduced into the housing. A second air inlet is located 
beneath the base and serves to provide air to the means for providing a 
stream of air. Preferably, the second air inlet is of a size sufficient to 
introduce about 80% of the secondary air to be introduced into the 
assembly. The assembly includes a heat exchanger comprising an upper 
portion of the housing having a conduit extending therethrough. The 
conduit is constructed to receive air from the second air inlet and to 
discharge heated air through an air outlet. Preferably, the air outlet is 
located in the front wall. In a preferred embodiment an air pump is used 
to aid the flow of air. 
In the method of producing the clean burning yellow flame of the present 
invention a substantially vertical flow of flammable fluid and a 
substantially vertical stream of secondary air are introduced into a fire 
chamber. The stream of secondary air is positioned such that it intersects 
the flow of flammable fluid. Ignition may occur prior to or after 
intersection of the flammable fluid with the secondary air. Suitably, the 
heat produced is used to heat air which is transferred to an area to be 
heated. Preferably, the secondary air is heated prior to ignition. 
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to 
the following description, taken in conjunction with the following 
figures, the scope of which is pointed out in the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
A fireplace gas burner assembly 10 including a base plate 12, a front 
burner pipe 14, an imitation log 15, a rear burner pipe 16, and base plate 
secondary air openings 28 is provided. The fireplace gas burner assembly 
is capable of producing an aesthetically appealing yellow flame which 
burns efficiently and produces lower levels of pollutants than 
conventional yellow flame burners. 
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the fireplace gas burner assembly includes a 
grate retainer assembly 22 to which front burner pipe 14, transverse 
burner pipe 17 and rear burner pipe 16 are mounted. Front burner pipe 14, 
transverse burner pipe 17 and rear burner pipe 16 have gas apertures 24 
and 25. Gas is fed to the burner pipes by gas line 26. Gas exits gas 
apertures 24 in a substantially vertical direction. Secondary air is 
introduced substantially vertically to the base through secondary air 
openings 28. "Secondary air" refers to air which is not premixed with the 
gas and also to the air present in the combustion chamber. The base 
openings 28 are positioned such that the substantially vertical stream of 
secondary air intersects the flow of flammable fluid so that when ignition 
occurs a clean burning yellow flame will be produced. Preferably, the 
secondary air openings 28 are circular so as to provide a more uniform 
flow of air. Alternatively, the secondary air openings 28 may be slot-like 
in shape. The secondary air openings 28 are sized for the capacity of the 
burner. Preferably, the secondary air is heated prior to intersection with 
the flammable fluid. The gas and secondary air intersect in a 
substantially vertical manner. The rate of introduction of secondary air, 
and the flame size, may be varied by air pump 36. 
An ignition means 20 is located in back of rear burner pipe 16, and 
provides heat from a pilot flame or a spark from a spark generator, to 
commence ignition of a flame which propagates towards the ends of rear 
burner pipe 16 and along transverse burner pipe 17, eventually igniting 
the gas or secondary air/gas mixture. The transverse burner pipe gas 
apertures 25 are intended primarily to aid in the travel of the flame to 
the front burner pipe 14. 
A preferred embodiment includes a heat exchanger as illustrated in FIGS. 1 
and 2. The heat exchanger comprises base conduit 30, back conduit 32 and 
upper conduit 34. Air pump 36 may be used to aid the flow of air through 
conduits 30, 32, 34 and air outlet 44. Preferably, air pump 36 is a 
variable speed air pump. Air is introduced to base conduit 39 through 
lower air inlet 42. 
A preferred embodiment of the fireplace gas burner unit of the present 
invention includes a front wall 38. Preferably, the front wall 38 is made 
of a transparent material such as glass. 
In operation gas is fed through gas line 26 and into rear burner pipe 16, 
transverse burner pipe 17 and burner pipe 14. The pressure in the burner 
pipe is from about 0.010 in. w.c. (inches water column) to about 0.040 in. 
w.c. The rate of introduction of the gas, and hence the flame size, may be 
varied by gas valve 27. Gas is evenly distributed through rear burner pipe 
16, transverse burner pipe 17 and front burner pipe 14 as it passes 
through gas apertures 24 and 25. Preferably, the gas mixes with the air 
provided by an upper air inlet 40. The upper air inlet 40 allows ANSI 
fireplace heat standards to be met. Preferably, the upper air inlet 40 is 
of a size sufficient to introduce about 20 percent of the secondary air. A 
safety opening 41 is located above the upper air inlet 40. The safety 
opening 41 is designed to release flue gas from the unit should the flue 
become clogged or collapse. A lower air inlet 42 provides air to secondary 
air openings 28 located in base plate 12. Optionally, an air pump 36 may 
be used to increase the flow of air through lower air inlet 42. 
As the gas leaves gas apertures 24, it is combined with a stream of 
secondary air from secondary air openings 28. The gas apertures 24 are 
arranged to discharge the gas in a substantially vertical manner. A 
substantially vertical stream of secondary air from air openings 28 
intersects the stream of gas in a substantially vertical manner. The gas 
may be ignited, by ignition means 20, prior to or after intersection of 
the gas with the stream of secondary air. The flame propagates towards the 
ends of rear burner 16 and along transverse burner pipe 17, eventually 
igniting the gas or secondary air/gas mixture. The imitation logs 15 are 
positioned such that when the flame is ignited the imitation logs 15 
appear to burn. Preferably, the flames do not impinge the logs as this 
will result in a cooler flame and less efficient burning. Logs which have 
a low coefficient of heat transfer will minimize this problem. 
As the air enters the lower air inlet 42, it travels through base conduit 
30. The air picks up heat from the base plate when combustion is 
occurring. The introduction of heated secondary air into the fire chamber 
through secondary air openings 28 is preferred and results in a cleaner 
burning flame. A portion of this air enters secondary air openings 28, the 
rest of the air travels through back conduit 32 and upper conduit 34. As 
the air travels through these conduits, it picks up heat from the burning 
gas and air mixture. The heated air travels through upper conduit 34 and 
is transferred to an area to be heated through hot air outlet 44. 
Thus, while there have been described what are the presently contemplated 
preferred embodiments of the present invention, further changes and 
modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing 
from the scope of the invention, and it is contemplated to claim all such 
changes and modifications.