Haptic systems for head-worn computers

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to haptic feedback systems and methods for use in head-worn computing systems. A head worn computer includes a frame adapted to hold a computer display in front of a user's eye, a processor adapted to present digital content in the computer display and to produce a haptic signal in coordination with the digital content display, and a haptic system including a plurality of haptic segments, wherein each of the haptic segments is individually controlled in coordination with the haptic signal.

BACKGROUND

Field of the Invention

This disclosure relates to head-worn computer systems with haptic feedback systems.

Description of Related Art

Head mounted displays (HMDs) and particularly HMDs that provide a see-through view of the environment are valuable instruments. The presentation of content in the see-through display can be a complicated operation when attempting to ensure that the user experience is optimized. Improved systems and methods for presenting content in the see-through display are required to improve the user experience.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and systems for providing haptic feedback in head-worn computer systems.

In an aspect, a head-worn computer may include a frame adapted to hold a computer display in front of a user's eye, a processor adapted to present digital content in the computer display and to produce a haptic signal in coordination with the digital content display, and a haptic system comprising a plurality of haptic segments, wherein each of the haptic segments is individually controlled in coordination with the haptic signal. Each of the haptic segments may include a piezo strip activated by the haptic signal to generate a vibration in the frame. An intensity of the haptic system is increased by activating more than one of the plurality of haptic segments. The intensity may be further increased by activating more than two of the plurality of haptic segments. Each of the plurality of haptic segments may include a different vibration capacity. An intensity of the haptic system may be regulated depending on which of the plurality of haptic segments is activated. Each of the plurality of haptic segments may be mounted in a linear arrangement and the segments are arranged such that the higher capacity segments are at one end of the linear arrangement. The linear arrangement may be from back to front on an arm of the head-worn computer, proximate a temple of the user, proximate an ear of the user, proximate a rear portion of the user's head, or from front to back on an arm of the head-worn computer. The head-worn computer may further include a vibration conduit, wherein the vibration conduit is mounted proximate the haptic system and adapted to touch the skin of the user's head to facilitate vibration sensations from the haptic system to the user's head. The vibration conduit may be mounted on an arm of the head-worn computer. The vibration conduit may touch the user's head proximate a temple of the user's head. The vibration conduit may be made of a soft material that deforms to increase contact area with the user's head.

These and other systems, methods, objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment and the drawings. All documents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

While the disclosure has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and are encompassed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to head-worn computing (“HWC”) systems. HWC involves, in some instances, a system that mimics the appearance of head-worn glasses or sunglasses. The glasses may be a fully developed computing platform, such as including computer displays presented in each of the lenses of the glasses to the eyes of the user. In embodiments, the lenses and displays may be configured to allow a person wearing the glasses to see the environment through the lenses while also seeing, simultaneously, digital imagery, which forms an overlaid image that is perceived by the person as a digitally augmented image of the environment, or augmented reality (“AR”).

HWC involves more than just placing a computing system on a person's head. The system may need to be designed as a lightweight, compact and fully functional computer display, such as wherein the computer display includes a high resolution digital display that provides a high level of emersion comprised of the displayed digital content and the see-through view of the environmental surroundings. User interfaces and control systems suited to the HWC device may be required that are unlike those used for a more conventional computer such as a laptop. For the HWC and associated systems to be most effective, the glasses may be equipped with sensors to determine environmental conditions, geographic location, relative positioning to other points of interest, objects identified by imaging and movement by the user or other users in a connected group, compass heading, head tilt, where the user is looking and the like. The HWC may then change the mode of operation to match the conditions, location, positioning, movements, and the like, in a method generally referred to as a contextually aware HWC. The glasses also may need to be connected, wirelessly or otherwise, to other systems either locally or through a network. Controlling the glasses may be achieved through the use of an external device, automatically through contextually gathered information, through user gestures captured by the glasses sensors, and the like. Each technique may be further refined depending on the software application being used in the glasses. The glasses may further be used to control or coordinate with external devices that are associated with the glasses.

Referring toFIG. 1, an overview of the HWC system100is presented. As shown, the HWC system100comprises a HWC102, which in this instance is configured as glasses to be worn on the head with sensors such that the HWC102is aware of the objects and conditions in the environment114. In this instance, the HWC102also receives and interprets control inputs such as gestures and movements116. The HWC102may communicate with external user interfaces104. The external user interfaces104may provide a physical user interface to take control instructions from a user of the HWC102and the external user interfaces104and the HWC102may communicate bi-directionally to affect the user's command and provide feedback to the external device108. The HWC102may also communicate bi-directionally with externally controlled or coordinated local devices108. For example, an external user interface104may be used in connection with the HWC102to control an externally controlled or coordinated local device108. The externally controlled or coordinated local device108may provide feedback to the HWC102and a customized GUI may be presented in the HWC102based on the type of device or specifically identified device108. The HWC102may also interact with remote devices and information sources112through a network connection110. Again, the external user interface104may be used in connection with the HWC102to control or otherwise interact with any of the remote devices108and information sources112in a similar way as when the external user interfaces104are used to control or otherwise interact with the externally controlled or coordinated local devices108. Similarly, HWC102may interpret gestures116(e.g captured from forward, downward, upward, rearward facing sensors such as camera(s), range finders, IR sensors, etc.) or environmental conditions sensed in the environment114to control either local or remote devices108or112.

We will now describe each of the main elements depicted onFIG. 1in more detail; however, these descriptions are intended to provide general guidance and should not be construed as limiting. Additional description of each element may also be further described herein.

The HWC102is a computing platform intended to be worn on a person's head. The HWC102may take many different forms to fit many different functional requirements. In some situations, the HWC102will be designed in the form of conventional glasses. The glasses may or may not have active computer graphics displays. In situations where the HWC102has integrated computer displays the displays may be configured as see-through displays such that the digital imagery can be overlaid with respect to the user's view of the environment114. There are a number of see-through optical designs that may be used, including ones that have a reflective display (e.g. LCoS, DLP), emissive displays (e.g. OLED, LED), hologram, TIR waveguides, and the like. In embodiments, lighting systems used in connection with the display optics may be solid state lighting systems, such as LED, OLED, quantum dot, quantum dot LED, etc. In addition, the optical configuration may be monocular or binocular. It may also include vision corrective optical components. In embodiments, the optics may be packaged as contact lenses. In other embodiments, the HWC102may be in the form of a helmet with a see-through shield, sunglasses, safety glasses, goggles, a mask, fire helmet with see-through shield, police helmet with see through shield, military helmet with see-through shield, utility form customized to a certain work task (e.g. inventory control, logistics, repair, maintenance, etc.), and the like.

The HWC102may also have a number of integrated computing facilities, such as an integrated processor, integrated power management, communication structures (e.g. cell net, WiFi, Bluetooth, local area connections, mesh connections, remote connections (e.g. client server, etc.)), and the like. The HWC102may also have a number of positional awareness sensors, such as GPS, electronic compass, altimeter, tilt sensor, IMU, and the like. It may also have other sensors such as a camera, rangefinder, hyper-spectral camera, Geiger counter, microphone, spectral illumination detector, temperature sensor, chemical sensor, biologic sensor, moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and the like.

The HWC102may also have integrated control technologies. The integrated control technologies may be contextual based control, passive control, active control, user control, and the like. For example, the HWC102may have an integrated sensor (e.g. camera) that captures user hand or body gestures116such that the integrated processing system can interpret the gestures and generate control commands for the HWC102. In another example, the HWC102may have sensors that detect movement (e.g. a nod, head shake, and the like) including accelerometers, gyros and other inertial measurements, where the integrated processor may interpret the movement and generate a control command in response. The HWC102may also automatically control itself based on measured or perceived environmental conditions. For example, if it is bright in the environment the HWC102may increase the brightness or contrast of the displayed image. In embodiments, the integrated control technologies may be mounted on the HWC102such that a user can interact with it directly. For example, the HWC102may have a button(s), touch capacitive interface, and the like.

As described herein, the HWC102may be in communication with external user interfaces104. The external user interfaces may come in many different forms. For example, a cell phone screen may be adapted to take user input for control of an aspect of the HWC102. The external user interface may be a dedicated UI (e.g. air mouse, finger mounted mouse), such as a keyboard, touch surface, button(s), joy stick, and the like. In embodiments, the external controller may be integrated into another device such as a ring, watch, bike, car, and the like. In each case, the external user interface104may include sensors (e.g. IMU, accelerometers, compass, altimeter, and the like) to provide additional input for controlling the HWD104.

As described herein, the HWC102may control or coordinate with other local devices108. The external devices108may be an audio device, visual device, vehicle, cell phone, computer, and the like. For instance, the local external device108may be another HWC102, where information may then be exchanged between the separate HWCs108.

Similar to the way the HWC102may control or coordinate with local devices106, the HWC102may control or coordinate with remote devices112, such as the HWC102communicating with the remote devices112through a network110. Again, the form of the remote device112may have many forms. Included in these forms is another HWC102. For example, each HWC102may communicate its GPS position such that all the HWCs102know where all of HWC102are located.

FIG. 2illustrates a HWC102with an optical system that includes an upper optical module202and a lower optical module204. While the upper and lower optical modules202and204will generally be described as separate modules, it should be understood that this is illustrative only and the present disclosure includes other physical configurations, such as that when the two modules are combined into a single module or where the elements making up the two modules are configured into more than two modules. In embodiments, the upper module202includes a computer controlled display (e.g. LCoS, FLCoS, DLP, OLED, backlit LCD, etc.) and image light delivery optics. In embodiments, the lower module includes eye delivery optics that are configured to receive the upper module's image light and deliver the image light to the eye of a wearer of the HWC. InFIG. 2, it should be noted that while the upper and lower optical modules202and204are illustrated in one side of the HWC such that image light can be delivered to one eye of the wearer, that it is envisioned by the present disclosure that embodiments will contain two image light delivery systems, one for each eye.

FIG. 3illustrates a combination of an upper optical module202with a lower optical module204. In this embodiment, the image light projected from the upper optical module202may or may not be polarized. The image light is reflected off a flat combiner element602such that it is directed towards the user's eye. Wherein, the combiner element602is a partial mirror that reflects image light while transmitting a substantial portion of light from the environment so the user can look through the combiner element and see the environment surrounding the HWC.

The combiner602may include a holographic pattern, to form a holographic mirror. If a monochrome image is desired, there may be a single wavelength reflection design for the holographic pattern on the surface of the combiner602. If the intention is to have multiple colors reflected from the surface of the combiner602, a multiple wavelength holographic mirror maybe included on the combiner surface. For example, in a three-color embodiment, where red, green and blue pixels are generated in the image light, the holographic mirror may be reflective to wavelengths substantially matching the wavelengths of the red, green and blue light provided in the image light. This configuration can be used as a wavelength specific mirror where pre-determined wavelengths of light from the image light are reflected to the user's eye. This configuration may also be made such that substantially all other wavelengths in the visible pass through the combiner element602so the user has a substantially clear view of the environmental surroundings when looking through the combiner element602. The transparency between the user's eye and the surrounding may be approximately 80% when using a combiner that is a holographic mirror. Wherein holographic mirrors can be made using lasers to produce interference patterns in the holographic material of the combiner where the wavelengths of the lasers correspond to the wavelengths of light that are subsequently reflected by the holographic mirror.

In another embodiment, the combiner element602may include a notch mirror comprised of a multilayer coated substrate wherein the coating is designed to substantially reflect the wavelengths of light provided in the image light by the light source and substantially transmit the remaining wavelengths in the visible spectrum. For example, in the case where red, green and blue light is provided by the light source in the upper optics to enable full color images to be provided to the user, the notch mirror is a tristimulus notch mirror wherein the multilayer coating is designed to substantially reflect narrow bands of red, green and blue light that are matched to the what is provided by the light source and the remaining visible wavelengths are substantially transmitted through the coating to enable a view of the environment through the combiner. In another example where monochrome images are provided to the user, the notch mirror is designed to reflect a single narrow band of light that is matched to the wavelength range of the image light provided by the upper optics while transmitting the remaining visible wavelengths to enable a see-thru view of the environment. The combiner602with the notch mirror would operate, from the user's perspective, in a manner similar to the combiner that includes a holographic pattern on the combiner element602. The combiner, with the tristimulus notch mirror, would reflect image light associated with pixels, to the eye because of the match between the reflective wavelengths of the notch mirror and the wavelengths or color of the image light, and the wearer would simultaneously be able to see with high clarity the environmental surroundings. The transparency between the user's eye and the surrounding may be approximately 80% when using the tristimulus notch mirror. In addition, the image provided with the notch mirror combiner can provide higher contrast images than the holographic mirror combiner because the notch mirror acts in a purely reflective manner compared to the holographic mirror which operates through diffraction, and as such the notch mirror is subject to less scattering of the imaging light by the combiner. In another embodiment, the combiner element602may include a simple partial mirror that reflects a portion (e.g. 50%) of all wavelengths of light in the visible.

Image light can escape through the combiner602and may produce face glow from the optics shown inFIG. 3, as the escaping image light is generally directed downward onto the cheek of the user. When using a holographic mirror combiner or a tristimulus notch mirror combiner, the escaping light can be trapped to avoid face glow. In embodiments, if the image light is polarized before the combiner, a linear polarizer can be laminated, or otherwise associated, to the combiner, with the transmission axis of the polarizer oriented relative to the polarized image light so that any escaping image light is absorbed by the polarizer. In embodiments, the image light would be polarized to provide S polarized light to the combiner for better reflection. As a result, the linear polarizer on the combiner would be oriented to absorb S polarized light and pass P polarized light. This provides the preferred orientation of polarized sunglasses as well.

If the image light is unpolarized, a microlouvered film such as a privacy filter can be used to absorb the escaping image light while providing the user with a see-thru view of the environment. In this case, the absorbance or transmittance of the microlouvered film is dependent on the angle of the light. Where steep angle light is absorbed and light at less of an angle is transmitted. For this reason, in an embodiment, the combiner with the microlouver film is angled at greater than 45 degrees to the optical axis of the image light (e.g. the combiner can be oriented at 50 degrees so the image light from the file lens is incident on the combiner at an oblique angle.

FIG. 4illustrates an embodiment of a combiner element602at various angles when the combiner element602includes a holographic mirror. Normally, a mirrored surface reflects light at an angle equal to the angle that the light is incident to the mirrored surface. Typically, this necessitates that the combiner element be at 45 degrees,602a, if the light is presented vertically to the combiner so the light can be reflected horizontally towards the wearer's eye. In embodiments, the incident light can be presented at angles other than vertical to enable the mirror surface to be oriented at other than 45 degrees, but in all cases wherein a mirrored surface is employed (including the tristimulus notch mirror described previously), the incident angle equals the reflected angle. As a result, increasing the angle of the combiner602arequires that the incident image light be presented to the combiner602aat a different angle which positions the upper optical module202to the left of the combiner as shown inFIG. 4. In contrast, a holographic mirror combiner, included in embodiments, can be made such that light is reflected at a different angle from the angle that the light is incident onto the holographic mirrored surface. This allows freedom to select the angle of the combiner element602bindependent of the angle of the incident image light and the angle of the light reflected into the wearer's eye. In embodiments, the angle of the combiner element602bis greater than 45 degrees (shown inFIG. 4) as this allows a more laterally compact HWC design. The increased angle of the combiner element602bdecreases the front to back width of the lower optical module204and may allow for a thinner HWC display (i.e. the furthest element from the wearer's eye can be closer to the wearer's face).

FIG. 5illustrates another embodiment of a lower optical module204. In this embodiment, polarized or unpolarized image light provided by the upper optical module202, is directed into the lower optical module204. The image light reflects off a partial mirror804(e.g. polarized mirror, notch mirror, holographic mirror, etc.) and is directed toward a curved partially reflective mirror802. The curved partial mirror802then reflects the image light back towards the user's eye, which passes through the partial mirror804. The user can also see through the partial mirror804and the curved partial mirror802to see the surrounding environment. As a result, the user perceives a combined image comprised of the displayed image light overlaid onto the see-thru view of the environment. In a preferred embodiment, the partial mirror804and the curved partial mirror802are both non-polarizing so that the transmitted light from the surrounding environment is unpolarized so that rainbow interference patterns are eliminated when looking at polarized light in the environment such as provided by a computer monitor or in the reflected light from a lake.

While many of the embodiments of the present disclosure have been referred to as upper and lower modules containing certain optical components, it should be understood that the image light production and management functions described in connection with the upper module may be arranged to direct light in other directions (e.g. upward, sideward, etc.). In embodiments, it may be preferred to mount the upper module202above the wearer's eye, in which case the image light would be directed downward. In other embodiments it may be preferred to produce light from the side of the wearer's eye, or from below the wearer's eye. In addition, the lower optical module is generally configured to deliver the image light to the wearer's eye and allow the wearer to see through the lower optical module, which may be accomplished through a variety of optical components.

FIG. 6illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure where the upper optical module202is arranged to direct image light into a total internal reflection (TIR) waveguide810. In this embodiment, the upper optical module202is positioned above the wearer's eye812and the light is directed horizontally into the TIR waveguide810. The TIR waveguide is designed to internally reflect the image light in a series of downward TIR reflections until it reaches the portion in front of the wearer's eye, where the light passes out of the TIR waveguide812in a direction toward the wearer's eye. In this embodiment, an outer shield814may be positioned in front of the TIR waveguide810.

FIG. 7illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure where the upper optical module202is arranged to direct image light into a TIR waveguide818. In this embodiment, the upper optical module202is arranged on the side of the TIR waveguide818. For example, the upper optical module may be positioned in the arm or near the arm of the HWC when configured as a pair of head worn glasses. The TIR waveguide818is designed to internally reflect the image light in a series of TIR reflections until it reaches the portion in front of the wearer's eye, where the light passes out of the TIR waveguide818in a direction toward the wearer's eye812.

FIG. 8illustrates yet further embodiments of the present disclosure where an upper optical module202directs polarized image light into an optical guide828where the image light passes through a polarized reflector824, changes polarization state upon reflection of the optical element822which includes a ¼ wave film for example and then is reflected by the polarized reflector824towards the wearer's eye, due to the change in polarization of the image light. The upper optical module202may be positioned behind the optical guide828wherein the image light is directed toward a mirror820that reflects the image light along the optical guide828and towards the polarized reflector824. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the upper optical module202may direct the image light directly along the optical guide828and towards the polarized reflector824. It should be understood that the present disclosure comprises other optical arrangements intended to direct image light into the wearer's eye.

FIG. 9illustrates a light source1100that may be used in association with the upper optics module202. In embodiments, the light source1100may provide light to a backlighting optical system that is associated with the light source1100and which serves to homogenize the light and thereby provide uniform illuminating light to an image source in the upper optics. In embodiments, the light source1100includes a tristimulus notch filter1102. The tristimulus notch filter1102has narrow band pass filters for three wavelengths, as indicated inFIG. 10bin a transmission graph1108. The graph shown inFIG. 10a, as1104illustrates an output of three different colored LEDs. One can see that the bandwidths of emission are narrow, but they have long tails. The tristimulus notch filter1102can be used in connection with such LEDs to provide a light source1100that emits narrow filtered wavelengths of light as shown inFIG. 11as the transmission graph1110. Wherein the clipping effects of the tristimulus notch filter1102can be seen to have cut the tails from the LED emission graph1104to provide narrower wavelength bands of light to the upper optical module202. The light source1100can be used in connection with a matched combiner602that includes a holographic mirror or tristimulus notch mirror that substantially reflects the narrow bands of image light toward the wearer's eye with a reduced amount of image light that does not get reflected by the combiner, thereby improving efficiency of the head-worn computer (HWC) or head-mounted display (HMD) and reducing escaping light that can cause faceglow.

FIG. 12aillustrates another light source1200that may be used in association with the upper optics module202. In embodiments, the light source1200may provide light to a backlighting optical system that homogenizes the light prior to illuminating the image source in the upper optics as described previously herein. In embodiments, the light source1200includes a quantum dot cover glass1202. Where the quantum dots absorb light of a shorter wavelength and emit light of a longer wavelength (FIG. 12bshows an example wherein a UV spectrum1202applied to a quantum dot results in the quantum dot emitting a narrow band shown as a PL spectrum1204) that is dependent on the material makeup and size of the quantum dot. As a result, quantum dots in the quantum dot cover glass1202can be tailored to provide one or more bands of narrow bandwidth light (e.g. red, green and blue emissions dependent on the different quantum dots included as illustrated in the graph shown inFIG. 12cwhere three different quantum dots are used. In embodiments, the LED driver light emits UV light, deep blue or blue light. For sequential illumination of different colors, multiple light sources1200would be used where each light source1200would include a quantum dot cover glass1202with at least one type of quantum dot selected to emit at one of each of the desired colors. The light source1100can be used in connection with a combiner602with a holographic mirror or tristimulus notch mirror to provide narrow bands of image light that are reflected toward the wearer's eye with less wasted image light that does not get reflected.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to the generation of peripheral image lighting effects for a person wearing a HWC. In embodiments, a solid state lighting system (e.g. LED, OLED, etc), or other lighting system, may be included inside the optical elements of an lower optical module204. The solid state lighting system may be arranged such that lighting effects outside of a field of view (FOV) associated with displayed digital content is presented to create an immersive effect for the person wearing the HWC. To this end, the lighting effects may be presented to any portion of the HWC that is visible to the wearer. The solid state lighting system may be digitally controlled by an integrated processor on the HWC. In embodiments, the integrated processor will control the lighting effects in coordination with digital content that is presented within the FOV of the HWC. For example, a movie, picture, game, or other content, may be displayed or playing within the FOV of the HWC. The content may show a bomb blast on the right side of the FOV and at the same moment, the solid state lighting system inside of the upper module optics may flash quickly in concert with the FOV image effect. The effect may not be fast, it may be more persistent to indicate, for example, a general glow or color on one side of the user. The solid state lighting system may be color controlled, with red, green and blue LEDs, for example, such that color control can be coordinated with the digitally presented content within the field of view.

FIG. 13aillustrates optical components of a lower optical module204together with an outer lens1302.FIG. 13aalso shows an embodiment including effects LED's1308aand1308b.FIG. 13aillustrates image light1312, as described herein elsewhere, directed into the upper optical module where it will reflect off of the combiner element1304, as described herein elsewhere. The combiner element1304in this embodiment is angled towards the wearer's eye at the top of the module and away from the wearer's eye at the bottom of the module, as also illustrated and described in connection withFIG. 8(e.g. at a 45 degree angle). The image light1312provided by an upper optical module202(not shown inFIG. 13a) reflects off of the combiner element1304towards the collimating mirror1310, away from the wearer's eye, as described herein elsewhere. The image light1312then reflects and focuses off of the collimating mirror1304, passes back through the combiner element1304, and is directed into the wearer's eye. The wearer can also view the surrounding environment through the transparency of the combiner element1304, collimating mirror1310, and outer lens1302(if it is included). As described herein elsewhere, the image light may or may not be polarized and the see-through view of the surrounding environment is preferably non-polarized to provide a view of the surrounding environment that does not include rainbow interference patterns if the light from the surrounding environment is polarized such as from a computer monitor or reflections from a lake. The wearer will generally perceive that the image light forms an image in the FOV1305. In embodiments, the outer lens1302may be included. The outer lens1302is an outer lens that may or may not be corrective and it may be designed to conceal the lower optical module components in an effort to make the HWC appear to be in a form similar to standard glasses or sunglasses.

In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 13a, the effects LEDs1308aand1308bare positioned at the sides of the combiner element1304and the outer lens1302and/or the collimating mirror1310. In embodiments, the effects LEDs1308aare positioned within the confines defined by the combiner element1304and the outer lens1302and/or the collimating mirror. The effects LEDs1308aand1308bare also positioned outside of the FOV1305associated with the displayed digital content. In this arrangement, the effects LEDs1308aand1308bcan provide lighting effects within the lower optical module outside of the FOV1305. In embodiments the light emitted from the effects LEDs1308aand1308bmay be polarized and the outer lens1302may include a polarizer such that the light from the effects LEDs1308aand1308bwill pass through the combiner element1304toward the wearer's eye and will be absorbed by the outer lens1302. This arrangement provides peripheral lighting effects to the wearer in a more private setting by not transmitting the lighting effects through the front of the HWC into the surrounding environment. However, in other embodiments, the effects LEDs1308aand1308bmay be non-polarized so the lighting effects provided are made to be purposefully viewable by others in the environment for entertainment such as giving the effect of the wearer's eye glowing in correspondence to the image content being viewed by the wearer.

FIG. 13billustrates a cross section of the embodiment described in connection withFIG. 13a. As illustrated, the effects LED1308ais located in the upper-front area inside of the optical components of the lower optical module. It should be understood that the effects LED1308aposition in the described embodiments is only illustrative and alternate placements are encompassed by the present disclosure. Additionally, in embodiments, there may be one or more effects LEDs1308ain each of the two sides of HWC to provide peripheral lighting effects near one or both eyes of the wearer.

FIG. 13cillustrates an embodiment where the combiner element1304is angled away from the eye at the top and towards the eye at the bottom (e.g. in accordance with the holographic or notch filter embodiments described herein). In this embodiment, the effects LED1308amay be located on the outer lens1302side of the combiner element1304to provide a concealed appearance of the lighting effects. As with other embodiments, the effects LED1308aofFIG. 13cmay include a polarizer such that the emitted light can pass through a polarized element associated with the combiner element1304and be blocked by a polarized element associated with the outer lens1302. Alternatively the effects LED13087acan be configured such that at least a portion of the light is reflected away from the wearer's eye so that it is visible to people in the surrounding environment. This can be accomplished for example by using a combiner1304that is a simple partial mirror so that a portion of the image light1312is reflected toward the wearer's eye and a first portion of the light from the effects LED13087ais transmitted toward the wearer's eye and a second portion of the light from the effects LED1308ais reflected outward toward the surrounding environment.

FIGS. 14a, 14b, 14cand 14dshow illustrations of a HWC that includes eye covers1402to restrict loss of image light to the surrounding environment and to restrict the ingress of stray light from the environment. Where the eye covers1402can be removably attached to the HWC with magnets1404. Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to automatically configuring the lighting system(s) used in the HWC102. In embodiments, the display lighting and/or effects lighting, as described herein, may be controlled in a manner suitable for when an eye cover1402is attached or removed from the HWC102. For example, at night, when the light in the environment is low, the lighting system(s) in the HWC may go into a low light mode to further control any amounts of stray light escaping from the HWC and the areas around the HWC. Covert operations at night, while using night vision or standard vision, may require a solution which prevents as much escaping light as possible so a user may clip on the eye cover(s)1402and then the HWC may go into a low light mode. The low light mode may, in some embodiments, only go into a low light mode when the eye cover1402is attached if the HWC identifies that the environment is in low light conditions (e.g. through environment light level sensor detection). In embodiments, the low light level may be determined to be at an intermediate point between full and low light dependent on environmental conditions.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to automatically controlling the type of content displayed in the HWC when eye covers1402are attached or removed from the HWC. In embodiments, when the eye cover(s)1402is attached to the HWC, the displayed content may be restricted in amount or in color amounts. For example, the display(s) may go into a simple content delivery mode to restrict the amount of information displayed. This may be done to reduce the amount of light produced by the display(s). In an embodiment, the display(s) may change from color displays to monochrome displays to reduce the amount of light produced. In an embodiment, the monochrome lighting may be red to limit the impact on the wearer's eyes to maintain an ability to see better in the dark.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system adapted to quickly convert from a see-through system to a non-see-through or very low transmission see-through system for a more immersive user experience. The conversion system may include replaceable lenses, an eye cover, and optics adapted to provide user experiences in both modes. The outer lenses, for example, may be ‘blacked-out’ with an opaque cover1412to provide an experience where all of the user's attention is dedicated to the digital content and then the outer lenses may be switched out for high see-through lenses so the digital content is augmenting the user's view of the surrounding environment. Another aspect of the disclosure relates to low transmission outer lenses that permit the user to see through the outer lenses but remain dark enough to maintain most of the user's attention on the digital content. The slight see-through can provide the user with a visual connection to the surrounding environment and this can reduce or eliminate nausea and other problems associated with total removal of the surrounding view when viewing digital content.

FIG. 14dillustrates a head-worn computer system102with a see-through digital content display204adapted to include a removable outer lens1414and a removable eye cover1402. The eye cover1402may be attached to the head-worn computer102with magnets1404or other attachment systems (e.g. mechanical attachments, a snug friction fit between the arms of the head-worn computer102, etc.). The eye cover1402may be attached when the user wants to cut stray light from escaping the confines of the head-worn computer, create a more immersive experience by removing the otherwise viewable peripheral view of the surrounding environment, etc. The removable outer lens1414may be of several varieties for various experiences. It may have no transmission or a very low transmission to create a dark background for the digital content, creating an immersive experience for the digital content. It may have a high transmission so the user can see through the see-through display and the outer lens1414to view the surrounding environment, creating a system for a heads-up display, augmented reality display, assisted reality display, etc. The outer lens1414may be dark in a middle portion to provide a dark background for the digital content (i.e. dark backdrop behind the see-through field of view from the user's perspective) and a higher transmission area elsewhere. The outer lenses1414may have a transmission in the range of 2 to 5%, 5 to 10%, 10 to 20% for the immersion effect and above 10% or 20% for the augmented reality effect, for example. The outer lenses1414may also have an adjustable transmission to facilitate the change in system effect. For example, the outer lenses1414may be electronically adjustable tint lenses (e.g. liquid crystal or have crossed polarizers with an adjustment for the level of cross).

In embodiments, the eye cover1402may have areas of transparency or partial transparency to provide some visual connection with the user's surrounding environment. This may also reduce or eliminate nausea or other feelings associated with the complete removal of the view of the surrounding environment.

FIG. 14eillustrates a HWC102assembled with an eye cover1402without outer lenses in place. The outer lenses, in embodiments, may be held in place with magnets1418for ease of removal and replacement. In embodiments, the outer lenses may be held in place with other systems, such as mechanical systems.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an effects system that generates effects outside of the field of view in the see-through display of the head-worn computer. The effects may be, for example, lighting effects, sound effects, tactile effects (e.g. through vibration), air movement effects, etc. In embodiments, the effect generation system is mounted on the eye cover1402. For example, a lighting system (e.g. LED(s), OLEDs, etc.) may be mounted on an inside surface1420, or exposed through the inside surface1420, as illustrated inFIG. 14f, such that they can create a lighting effect (e.g. a bright light, colored light, subtle color effect) in coordination with content being displayed in the field of view of the see-through display. The content may be a movie or a game, for example, and an explosion may happen on the right side of the content, as scripted, and matching the content, a bright flash may be generated by the effects lighting system to create a stronger effect. As another example, the effects system may include a vibratory system mounted near the sides or temples, or otherwise, and when the same explosion occurs, the vibratory system may generate a vibration on the right side to increase the user experience indicating that the explosion had a real sound wave creating the vibration. As yet a further example, the effects system may have an air system where the effect is a puff of air blown onto the user's face. This may create a feeling of closeness with some fast moving object in the content. The effects system may also have speakers directed towards the user's ears or an attachment for ear buds, etc.

In embodiments, the effects generated by the effects system may be scripted by an author to coordinate with the content. In embodiments, sensors may be placed inside of the eye cover to monitor content effects (e.g. a light sensor to measure strong lighting effects or peripheral lighting effects) that would than cause an effect(s) to be generated.

The effects system in the eye cover may be powered by an internal battery and the battery, in embodiments, may also provide additional power to the head-worn computer102as a back-up system. In embodiments, the effects system is powered by the batteries in the head-worn computer. Power may be delivered through the attachment system (e.g. magnets, mechanical system) or a dedicated power system.

The effects system may receive data and/or commands from the head-worn computer through a data connection that is wired or wireless. The data may come through the attachment system, a separate line, or through Bluetooth or other short range communication protocol, for example.

In embodiments, the eye cover1402is made of reticulated foam, which is very light and can contour to the user's face. The reticulated foam also allows air to circulate because of the open-celled nature of the material, which can reduce user fatigue and increase user comfort. The eye cover1402may be made of other materials, soft, stiff, priable, etc. and may have another material on the periphery that contacts the face for comfort. In embodiments, the eye cover1402may include a fan to exchange air between an external environment and an internal space, where the internal space is defined in part by the face of the user. The fan may operate very slowly and at low power to exchange the air to keep the face of the user cool. In embodiments the fan may have a variable speed controller and/or a temperature sensor may be positioned to measure temperature in the internal space to control the temperature in the internal space to a specified range, temperature, etc. The internal space is generally characterized by the space confined space in front of the user's eyes and upper cheeks where the eye cover encloses the area.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to flexibly mounting an audio headset on the head-worn computer102and/or the eye cover1402. In embodiments, the audio headset is mounted with a relatively rigid system that has flexible joint(s) (e.g. a rotational joint at the connection with the eye cover, a rotational joint in the middle of a rigid arm, etc.) and extension(s) (e.g. a telescopic arm) to provide the user with adjustability to allow for a comfortable fit over, in or around the user's ear. In embodiments, the audio headset is mounted with a flexible system that is more flexible throughout, such as with a wire-based connection.

FIG. 14gillustrates a head-worn computer102with removable lenses1414along with a mounted eye cover1402. The head-worn computer, in embodiments, includes a see-through display (as disclosed herein). The eye cover1402also includes a mounted audio headset1422. The mounted audio headset1422in this embodiment is mounted to the eye cover1402and has audio wire connections (not shown). In embodiments, the audio wires' connections may connect to an internal wireless communication system (e.g. Bluetooth, NFC, WiFi) to make connection to the processor in the head-worn computer. In embodiments, the audio wires may connect to a magnetic connector, mechanical connector or the like to make the connection.

FIG. 14hillustrates an unmounted eye cover1402with a mounted audio headset1422. As illustrated, the mechanical design of the eye cover is adapted to fit onto the head-worn computer to provide visual isolation or partial isolation and the audio headset.

In embodiments, the eye cover1402may be adapted to be removably mounted on a head-worn computer102with a see-through computer display. An audio headset1422with an adjustable mount may be connected to the eye cover, wherein the adjustable mount may provide extension and rotation to provide a user of the head-worn computer with a mechanism to align the audio headset with an ear of the user. In embodiments, the audio headset includes an audio wire connected to a connector on the eye cover and the eye cover connector may be adapted to removably mate with a connector on the head-worn computer. In embodiments, the audio headset may be adapted to receive audio signals from the head-worn computer102through a wireless connection (e.g. Bluetooth, WiFi). As described elsewhere herein, the head-worn computer102may have a removable and replaceable front lens1414. The eye cover1402may include a battery to power systems internal to the eye cover1402. The eye cover1402may have a battery to power systems internal to the head-worn computer102.

In embodiments, the eye cover1402may include a fan adapted to exchange air between an internal space, defined in part by the user's face, and an external environment to cool the air in the internal space and the user's face. In embodiments, the audio headset1422may include a vibratory system (e.g. a vibration motor, piezo motor, etc. in the armature and/or in the section over the ear) adapted to provide the user with a haptic feedback coordinated with digital content presented in the see-through computer display. In embodiments, the head-worn computer102includes a vibratory system adapted to provide the user with a haptic feedback coordinated with digital content presented in the see-through computer display.

In embodiments, the eye cover1402is adapted to be removably mounted on a head-worn computer with a see-through computer display. The eye cover1402may also include a flexible audio headset mounted to the eye cover1402, wherein the flexibility provides the user of the head-worn computer102with a mechanism to align the audio headset with an ear of the user. In embodiments, the flexible audio headset is mounted to the eye cover1402with a magnetic connection. In embodiments, the flexible audio headset may be mounted to the eye cover1402with a mechanical connection.

In embodiments, the audio headset1422may be spring or otherwise loaded such that the head set presses inward towards the user's ears for a more secure fit.

Referring toFIG. 15, we now turn to describe a particular external user interface104, referred to generally as a pen1500. The pen1500is a specially designed external user interface104and can operate as a user interface, to many different styles of HWC102. The pen1500generally follows the form of a conventional pen, which is a familiar user handled device and creates an intuitive physical interface for many of the operations to be carried out in the HWC system100. The pen1500may be one of several user interfaces104used in connection with controlling operations within the HWC system100. For example, the HWC102may watch for and interpret hand gestures116as control signals, where the pen1500may also be used as a user interface with the same HWC102. Similarly, a remote keyboard may be used as an external user interface104in concert with the pen1500. The combination of user interfaces or the use of just one control system generally depends on the operation(s) being executed in the HWC's system100.

While the pen1500may follow the general form of a conventional pen, it contains numerous technologies that enable it to function as an external user interface104.FIG. 15illustrates technologies comprised in the pen1500. As can be seen, the pen1500may include a camera1508, which is arranged to view through lens1502. The camera may then be focused, such as through lens1502, to image a surface upon which a user is writing or making other movements to interact with the HWC102. There are situations where the pen1500will also have an ink, graphite, or other system such that what is being written can be seen on the writing surface. There are other situations where the pen1500does not have such a physical writing system so there is no deposit on the writing surface, where the pen would only be communicating data or commands to the HWC102. The lens1502configuration is described in greater detail herein. The function of the camera1508is to capture information from an unstructured writing surface such that pen strokes can be interpreted as intended by the user. To assist in the predication of the intended stroke path, the pen1500may include a sensor, such as an IMU1512. Of course, the IMU could be included in the pen1500in its separate parts (e.g. gyro, accelerometer, etc.) or an IMU could be included as a single unit. In this instance, the IMU1512is used to measure and predict the motion of the pen1500. In turn, the integrated microprocessor1510would take the IMU information and camera information as inputs and process the information to form a prediction of the pen tip movement.

The pen1500may also include a pressure monitoring system1504, such as to measure the pressure exerted on the lens1502. As will be described in greater detail herein, the pressure measurement can be used to predict the user's intention for changing the weight of a line, type of a line, type of brush, click, double click, and the like. In embodiments, the pressure sensor may be constructed using any force or pressure measurement sensor located behind the lens1502, including for example, a resistive sensor, a current sensor, a capacitive sensor, a voltage sensor such as a piezoelectric sensor, and the like.

The pen1500may also include a communications module1518, such as for bi-directional communication with the HWC102. In embodiments, the communications module1518may be a short distance communication module (e.g. Bluetooth). The communications module1518may be security matched to the HWC102. The communications module1518may be arranged to communicate data and commands to and from the microprocessor1510of the pen1500. The microprocessor1510may be programmed to interpret data generated from the camera1508, IMU1512, and pressure sensor1504, and the like, and then pass a command onto the HWC102through the communications module1518, for example. In another embodiment, the data collected from any of the input sources (e.g. camera1508, IMU1512, pressure sensor1504) by the microprocessor may be communicated by the communication module1518to the HWC102, and the HWC102may perform data processing and prediction of the user's intention when using the pen1500. In yet another embodiment, the data may be further passed on through a network110to a remote device112, such as a server, for the data processing and prediction. The commands may then be communicated back to the HWC102for execution (e.g. display writing in the glasses display, make a selection within the UI of the glasses display, control a remote external device112, control a local external device108), and the like. The pen may also include memory1514for long or short term uses.

The pen1500may also include a number of physical user interfaces, such as quick launch buttons1522, a touch sensor1520, and the like. The quick launch buttons1522may be adapted to provide the user with a fast way of jumping to a software application in the HWC system100. For example, the user may be a frequent user of communication software packages (e.g. email, text, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Google+, and the like), and the user may program a quick launch button1522to command the HWC102to launch an application. The pen1500may be provided with several quick launch buttons1522, which may be user programmable or factory programmable. The quick launch button1522may be programmed to perform an operation. For example, one of the buttons may be programmed to clear the digital display of the HWC102. This would create a fast way for the user to clear the screens on the HWC102for any reason, such as for example to better view the environment. The quick launch button functionality will be discussed in further detail below. The touch sensor1520may be used to take gesture style input from the user. For example, the user may be able to take a single finger and run it across the touch sensor1520to affect a page scroll.

The pen1500may also include a laser pointer1524. The laser pointer1524may be coordinated with the IMU1512to coordinate gestures and laser pointing. For example, a user may use the laser1524in a presentation to help with guiding the audience with the interpretation of graphics and the IMU1512may, either simultaneously or when the laser1524is off, interpret the user's gestures as commands or data input.

FIG. 16illustrates yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 16illustrates a watchband clip-on controller2000. The watchband clip-on controller may be a controller used to control the HWC102or devices in the HWC system100. The watchband clip-on controller2000has a fastener2018(e.g. rotatable clip) that is mechanically adapted to attach to a watchband, as illustrated at2004.

The watchband controller2000may have quick launch interfaces2008(e.g. to launch applications and choosers as described herein), a touch pad2014(e.g. to be used as a touch style mouse for GUI control in a HWC102display) and a display2012. The clip2018may be adapted to fit a wide range of watchbands so it can be used in connection with a watch that is independently selected for its function. The clip, in embodiments, is rotatable such that a user can position it in a desirable manner. In embodiments the clip may be a flexible strap. In embodiments, the flexible strap may be adapted to be stretched to attach to a hand, wrist, finger, device, weapon, and the like.

In embodiments, the watchband controller may be configured as a removable and replacable watchband. For example, the controller may be incorporated into a band with a certain width, segment spacing's, etc. such that the watchband, with its incorporated controller, can be attached to a watch body. The attachment, in embodiments, may be mechanically adapted to attach with a pin upon which the watchband rotates. In embodiments, the watchband controller may be electrically connected to the watch and/or watch body such that the watch, watch body and/or the watchband controller can communicate data between them.

The watchband controller2000may have 3-axis motion monitoring (e.g. through an IMU, accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, etc.) to capture user motion. The user motion may then be interpreted for gesture control.

In embodiments, the watchband controller2000may comprise fitness sensors and a fitness computer. The sensors may track heart rate, calories burned, strides, distance covered, and the like. The data may then be compared against performance goals and/or standards for user feedback.

In embodiments directed to capturing images of the wearer's eye, light to illuminate the wearer's eye can be provided by several different sources including: light from the displayed image (i.e. image light); light from the environment that passes through the combiner or other optics; light provided by a dedicated eye light, etc.FIGS. 17 and 18show illustrations of dedicated eye illumination lights3420.FIG. 17shows an illustration from a side view in which the dedicated illumination eye light3420is positioned at a corner of the combiner3410so that it doesn't interfere with the image light3415. The dedicated eye illumination light3420is pointed so that the eye illumination light3425illuminates the eyebox3427where the eye3430is located when the wearer is viewing displayed images provided by the image light3415.FIG. 18shows an illustration from the perspective of the eye of the wearer to show how the dedicated eye illumination light3420is positioned at the corner of the combiner3410. While the dedicated eye illumination light3420is shown at the upper left corner of the combiner3410, other positions along one of the edges of the combiner3410, or other optical or mechanical components, are possible as well. In other embodiments, more than one dedicated eye light3420with different positions can be used. In an embodiment, the dedicated eye light3420is an infrared light that is not visible by the wearer (e.g. 800 nm) so that the eye illumination light3425doesn't interfere with the displayed image perceived by the wearer.

In embodiments, the eye imaging camera is inline with the image light optical path, or part of the image light optical path. For example, the eye camera may be positioned in the upper module to capture eye image light that reflects back through the optical system towards the image display. The eye image light may be captured after reflecting off of the image source (e.g. in a DLP configuration where the mirrors can be positioned to reflect the light towards the eye image light camera), a partially reflective surface may be placed along the image light optical path such that when the eye image light reflects back into the upper or lower module that it is reflected in a direction that the eye imaging camera can capture light eye image light. In other embodiments, the eye image light camera is positioned outside of the image light optical path. For example, the camera(s) may be positioned near the outer lens of the platform.

FIG. 19shows a series of illustrations of captured eye images that show the eye glint (i.e. light that reflects off the front of the eye) produced by a dedicated eye light mounted adjacent to the combiner as previously described herein. In this embodiment of the disclosure, captured images of the wearer's eye are analyzed to determine the relative positions of the iris3550, pupil, or other portion of the eye, and the eye glint3560. The eye glint is a reflected image of the dedicated eye light3420when the dedicated light is used.FIG. 19illustrates the relative positions of the iris3550and the eye glint3560for a variety of eye positions. By providing a dedicated eye light3420in a fixed position, combined with the fact that the human eye is essentially spherical, or at least a reliably repeatable shape, the eye glint provides a fixed reference point against which the determined position of the iris can be compared to determine where the wearer is looking, either within the displayed image or within the see-through view of the surrounding environment. By positioning the dedicated eye light3420at a corner of the combiner3410, the eye glint3560is formed away from the iris3550in the captured images. As a result, the positions of the iris and the eye glint can be determined more easily and more accurately during the analysis of the captured images, since they do not interfere with one another. In a further embodiment, the combiner includes an associated cut filter that prevents infrared light from the environment from entering the HWC and the eye camera is an infrared camera, so that the eye glint3560is only provided by light from the dedicated eye light. For example, the combiner can include a low pass filter that passes visible light while reflecting infrared light from the environment away from the eye camera, reflecting infrared light from the dedicated eye light toward the user's eye and the eye camera can include a high pass filter that absorbs visible light associated with the displayed image while passing infrared light associated with the eye image.

In an embodiment of the eye imaging system, the lens for the eye camera is designed to take into account the optics associated with the upper module202and the lower module204. This is accomplished by designing the eye camera to include the optics in the upper module202and optics in the lower module204, so that a high MTF image is produced, at the image sensor in the eye camera, of the wearer's eye. In yet a further embodiment, the eye camera lens is provided with a large depth of field to eliminate the need for focusing the eye camera to enable sharp images of the eye to be captured. Where a large depth of field is typically provided by a high f/# lens (e.g. f/#>5). In this case, the reduced light gathering associated with high f/# lenses is compensated by the inclusion of a dedicated eye light to enable a bright image of the eye to be captured. Further, the brightness of the dedicated eye light can be modulated and synchronized with the capture of eye images so that the dedicated eye light has a reduced duty cycle and the brightness of infrared light on the wearer's eye is reduced.

In a further embodiment,FIG. 20ashows an illustration of an eye image that is used to identify the wearer of the HWC. In this case, an image of the wearer's eye3611is captured and analyzed for patterns of identifiable features3612. The patterns are then compared to a database of eye images to determine the identity of the wearer. After the identity of the wearer has been verified, the operating mode of the HWC and the types of images, applications, and information to be displayed can be adjusted and controlled in correspondence to the determined identity of the wearer. Examples of adjustments to the operating mode depending on who the wearer is determined to be or not be include: making different operating modes or feature sets available, shutting down or sending a message to an external network, allowing guest features and applications to run, etc.

FIG. 20bis an illustration of another embodiment using eye imaging, in which the sharpness of the displayed image is determined based on the eye glint produced by the reflection of the displayed image from the wearer's eye surface. By capturing images of the wearer's eye3611, an eye glint3622, which is a small version of the displayed image can be captured and analyzed for sharpness. If the displayed image is determined to not be sharp, then an automated adjustment to the focus of the HWC optics can be performed to improve the sharpness. This ability to perform a measurement of the sharpness of a displayed image at the surface of the wearer's eye can provide a very accurate measurement of image quality. Having the ability to measure and automatically adjust the focus of displayed images can be very useful in augmented reality imaging where the focus distance of the displayed image can be varied in response to changes in the environment or changes in the method of use by the wearer.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to controlling the HWC102through interpretations of eye imagery. In embodiments, eye-imaging technologies, such as those described herein, are used to capture an eye image or a series of eye images for processing. The image(s) may be processed to determine a user intended action, an HWC predetermined reaction, or other action. For example, the imagery may be interpreted as an affirmative user control action for an application on the HWC102. Or, the imagery may cause, for example, the HWC102to react in a pre-determined way such that the HWC102is operating safely, intuitively, etc.

FIG. 21illustrates an eye imagery process that involves imaging the HWC102wearer's eye(s) and processing the images (e.g. through eye imaging technologies described herein) to determine in what position3702the eye is relative to it's neutral or forward looking position and/or the FOV3708. The process may involve a calibration step where the user is instructed, through guidance provided in the FOV of the HWC102, to look in certain directions such that a more accurate prediction of the eye position relative to areas of the FOV can be made. In the event the wearer's eye is determined to be looking towards the right side of the FOV3708(as illustrated inFIG. 21, the eye is looking out of the page) a virtual target line may be established to project what in the environment the wearer may be looking towards or at. The virtual target line may be used in connection with an image captured by camera on the HWC102that images the surrounding environment in front of the wearer. In embodiments, the field of view of the camera capturing the surrounding environment matches, or can be matched (e.g. digitally), to the FOV3708such that making the comparison is made more clear. For example, with the camera capturing the image of the surroundings in an angle that matches the FOV3708the virtual line can be processed (e.g. in 2d or 3d, depending on the camera images capabilities and/or the processing of the images) by projecting what surrounding environment objects align with the virtual target line. In the event there are multiple objects along the virtual target line, focal planes may be established corresponding to each of the objects such that digital content may be placed in an area in the FOV3708that aligns with the virtual target line and falls at a focal plane of an intersecting object. The user then may see the digital content when he focuses on the object in the environment, which is at the same focal plane. In embodiments, objects in line with the virtual target line may be established by comparison to mapped information of the surroundings.

In embodiments, the digital content that is in line with the virtual target line may not be displayed in the FOV until the eye position is in the right position. This may be a predetermined process. For example, the system may be set up such that a particular piece of digital content (e.g. an advertisement, guidance information, object information, etc.) will appear in the event that the wearer looks at a certain object(s) in the environment. A virtual target line(s) may be developed that virtually connects the wearer's eye with an object(s) in the environment (e.g. a building, portion of a building, mark on a building, gps location, etc.) and the virtual target line may be continually updated depending on the position and viewing direction of the wearer (e.g. as determined through GPS, e-compass, IMU, etc.) and the position of the object. When the virtual target line suggests that the wearer's pupil is substantially aligned with the virtual target line or about to be aligned with the virtual target line, the digital content may be displayed in the FOV3704.

In embodiments, the time spent looking along the virtual target line and/or a particular portion of the FOV3708may indicate that the wearer is interested in an object in the environment and/or digital content being displayed. In the event there is no digital content being displayed at the time a predetermined period of time is spent looking at a direction, digital content may be presented in the area of the FOV3708. The time spent looking at an object may be interpreted as a command to display information about the object, for example. In other embodiments, the content may not relate to the object and may be presented because of the indication that the person is relatively inactive. In embodiments, the digital content may be positioned in proximity to the virtual target line, but not in-line with it such that the wearer's view of the surroundings are not obstructed but information can augment the wearer's view of the surroundings. In embodiments, the time spent looking along a target line in the direction of displayed digital content may be an indication of interest in the digital content. This may be used as a conversion event in advertising. For example, an advertiser may pay more for an add placement if the wearer of the HWC102looks at a displayed advertisement for a certain period of time. As such, in embodiments, the time spent looking at the advertisement, as assessed by comparing eye position with the content placement, target line or other appropriate position may be used to determine a rate of conversion or other compensation amount due for the presentation.

An aspect of the disclosure relates to removing content from the FOV of the HWC102when the wearer of the HWC102apparently wants to view the surrounding environments clearly.FIG. 22illustrates a situation where eye imagery suggests that the eye has or is moving quickly so the digital content3804in the FOV3808is removed from the FOV3808. In this example, the wearer may be looking quickly to the side indicating that there is something on the side in the environment that has grabbed the wearer's attention. This eye movement3802may be captured through eye imaging techniques (e.g. as described herein) and if the movement matches a predetermined movement (e.g. speed, rate, pattern, etc.) the content may be removed from view. In embodiments, the eye movement is used as one input and HWC movements indicated by other sensors (e.g. IMU in the HWC) may be used as another indication. These various sensor movements may be used together to project an event that should cause a change in the content being displayed in the FOV.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to determining a focal plane based on the wearer's eye convergence. Eyes are generally converged slightly and converge more when the person focuses on something very close. This is generally referred to as convergence. In embodiments, convergence is calibrated for the wearer. That is, the wearer may be guided through certain focal plane exercises to determine how much the wearer's eyes converge at various focal planes and at various viewing angles. The convergence information may then be stored in a database for later reference. In embodiments, a general table may be used in the event there is no calibration step or the person skips the calibration step. The two eyes may then be imaged periodically to determine the convergence in an attempt to understand what focal plane the wearer is focused on. In embodiments, the eyes may be imaged to determine a virtual target line and then the eye's convergence may be determined to establish the wearer's focus, and the digital content may be displayed or altered based thereon.

FIG. 23illustrates a situation where digital content is moved3902within one or both of the FOVs3908and3910to align with the convergence of the eyes as determined by the pupil movement3904. By moving the digital content to maintain alignment, in embodiments, the overlapping nature of the content is maintained so the object appears properly to the wearer. This can be important in situations where 3D content is displayed.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to controlling the HWC102based on events detected through eye imaging. A wearer winking, blinking, moving his eyes in a certain pattern, etc. may, for example, control an application of the HWC102. Eye imaging (e.g. as described herein) may be used to monitor the eye(s) of the wearer and once a pre-determined pattern is detected an application control command may be initiated.

An aspect of the disclosure relates to monitoring the health of a person wearing a HWC102by monitoring the wearer's eye(s). Calibrations may be made such that the normal performance, under various conditions (e.g. lighting conditions, image light conditions, etc.) of a wearer's eyes may be documented. The wearer's eyes may then be monitored through eye imaging (e.g. as described herein) for changes in their performance. Changes in performance may be indicative of a health concern (e.g. concussion, brain injury, stroke, loss of blood, etc.). If detected the data indicative of the change or event may be communicated from the HWC102.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to security and access of computer assets (e.g. the HWC itself and related computer systems) as determined through eye image verification. As discussed herein elsewhere, eye imagery may be compared to known person eye imagery to confirm a person's identity. Eye imagery may also be used to confirm the identity of people wearing the HWCs102before allowing them to link together or share files, streams, information, etc.

A variety of use cases for eye imaging are possible based on technologies described herein. An aspect of the present disclosure relates to the timing of eye image capture. The timing of the capture of the eye image and the frequency of the capture of multiple images of the eye can vary dependent on the use case for the information gathered from the eye image. For example, capturing an eye image to identify the user of the HWC may be required only when the HWC has been turned ON or when the HWC determines that the HWC has been put onto a wearer's head to control the security of the HWC and the associated information that is displayed to the user, wherein the orientation, movement pattern, stress or position of the earhorns (or other portions of the HWC) of the HWC can be used to determine that a person has put the HWC onto their head with the intention to use the HWC. Those same parameters may be monitored in an effort to understand when the HWC is dismounted from the user's head. This may enable a situation where the capture of an eye image for identifying the wearer may be completed only when a change in the wearing status is identified. In a contrasting example, capturing eye images to monitor the health of the wearer may require images to be captured periodically (e.g. every few seconds, minutes, hours, days, etc.). For example, the eye images may be taken in minute intervals when the images are being used to monitor the health of the wearer when detected movements indicate that the wearer is exercising. In a further contrasting example, capturing eye images to monitor the health of the wearer for long-term effects may only require that eye images be captured monthly. Embodiments of the disclosure relate to selection of the timing and rate of capture of eye images to be in correspondence with the selected use scenario associated with the eye images. These selections may be done automatically, as with the exercise example above where movements indicate exercise, or these selections may be set manually. In a further embodiment, the selection of the timing and rate of eye image capture is adjusted automatically depending on the mode of operation of the HWC. The selection of the timing and rate of eye image capture can further be selected in correspondence with input characteristics associated with the wearer including age and health status, or sensed physical conditions of the wearer including heart rate, chemical makeup of the blood and eye blink rate.

FIG. 24illustrates a cross section of an eyeball of a wearer of an HWC with focus points that can be associated with the eye imaging system of the disclosure. The eyeball5010includes an iris5012and a retina5014. Because the eye imaging system of the disclosure provides coaxial eye imaging with a display system, images of the eye can be captured from a perspective directly in front of the eye and inline with where the wearer is looking. In embodiments of the disclosure, the eye imaging system can be focused at the iris5012and/or the retina5014of the wearer, to capture images of the external surface of the iris5012or the internal portions of the eye, which includes the retina5014.FIG. 24shows light rays5020and5025that are respectively associated with capturing images of the iris5012or the retina5014wherein the optics associated with the eye imaging system are respectively focused at the iris5012or the retina5014. Illuminating light can also be provided in the eye imaging system to illuminate the iris5012or the retina5014.FIG. 25shows an illustration of an eye including an iris5130and a sclera5125. In embodiments, the eye imaging system can be used to capture images that include the iris5130and portions of the sclera5125. The images can then be analyzed to determine color, shapes and patterns that are associated with the user. In further embodiments, the focus of the eye imaging system is adjusted to enable images to be captured of the iris5012or the retina5014. Illuminating light can also be adjusted to illuminate the iris5012or to pass through the pupil of the eye to illuminate the retina5014. The illuminating light can be visible light to enable capture of colors of the iris5012or the retina5014, or the illuminating light can be ultraviolet (e.g. 340 nm), near infrared (e.g. 850 nm) or mid-wave infrared (e.g. 5000 nm) light to enable capture of hyperspectral characteristics of the eye.

FIGS. 26aand 26billustrate captured images of eyes where the eyes are illuminated with structured light patterns. InFIG. 26a, an eye5220is shown with a projected structured light pattern5230, where the light pattern is a grid of lines. A light pattern of such as5230can be provided by the light source5355by including a diffractive or a refractive device to modify the light5357as are known by those skilled in the art. A visible light source can also be included for the second camera, which can include a diffractive or refractive to modify the light5467to provide a light pattern.FIG. 26billustrates how the structured light pattern of5230becomes distorted to5235when the user's eye5225looks to the side. This distortion comes from the fact that the human eye is not completely spherical in shape, instead the iris sticks out slightly from the eyeball to form a bump in the area of the iris. As a result, the shape of the eye and the associated shape of the reflected structured light pattern is different depending on which direction the eye is pointed, when images of the eye are captured from a fixed position. Changes in the structured light pattern can subsequently be analyzed in captured eye images to determine the direction that the eye is looking.

The eye imaging system can also be used for the assessment of aspects of health of the user. In this case, information gained from analyzing captured images of the iris5130or sclera5125are different from information gained from analyzing captured images of the retina5014. Where images of the retina5014are captured using light that illuminates the inner portions of the eye including the retina5014. The light can be visible light, but in an embodiment, the light is infrared light (e.g. wavelength 1 to 5 microns) and the eye camera is an infrared light sensor (e.g. an InGaAs sensor) or a low resolution infrared image sensor that is used to determine the relative amount of light that is absorbed, reflected or scattered by the inner portions of the eye. Wherein the majority of the light that is absorbed, reflected or scattered can be attributed to materials in the inner portion of the eye including the retina where there are densely packed blood vessels with thin walls so that the absorption, reflection and scattering are caused by the material makeup of the blood. These measurements can be conducted automatically when the user is wearing the HWC, either at regular intervals, after identified events or when prompted by an external communication. In a preferred embodiment, the illuminating light is near infrared or mid infrared (e.g. 0.7 to 5 microns wavelength) to reduce the chance for thermal damage to the wearer's eye. In a further embodiment, the light source and the camera together comprise a spectrometer wherein the relative intensity of the light reflected by the eye is analyzed over a series of narrow wavelengths within the range of wavelengths provided by the light source to determine a characteristic spectrum of the light that is absorbed, reflected or scattered by the eye. For example, the light source can provide a broad range of infrared light to illuminate the eye and the camera can include: a grating to laterally disperse the reflected light from the eye into a series of narrow wavelength bands that are captured by a linear photodetector so that the relative intensity by wavelength can be measured and a characteristic absorbance spectrum for the eye can be determined over the broad range of infrared. In a further example, the light source can provide a series of narrow wavelengths of light (ultraviolet, visible or infrared) to sequentially illuminate the eye and camera includes a photodetector that is selected to measure the relative intensity of the series of narrow wavelengths in a series of sequential measurements that together can be used to determine a characteristic spectrum of the eye. The determined characteristic spectrum is then compared to known characteristic spectra for different materials to determine the material makeup of the eye. In yet another embodiment, the illuminating light is focused on the retina and a characteristic spectrum of the retina is determined and the spectrum is compared to known spectra for materials that may be present in the user's blood. For example, in the visible wavelengths 540 nm is useful for detecting hemoglobin and 660 nm is useful for differentiating oxygenated hemoglobin. In a further example, in the infrared, a wide variety of materials can be identified as is known by those skilled in the art, including: glucose, urea, alcohol and controlled substances.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an intuitive user interface mounted on the HWC102where the user interface includes tactile feedback (otherwise referred to as haptic feedback) to the user to provide the user an indication of engagement and change. In embodiments, the user interface is a rotating element on a temple section of a glasses form factor of the HWC102. The rotating element may include segments such that it positively engages at certain predetermined angles. This facilitates a tactile feedback to the user. As the user turns the rotating element it ‘clicks’ through it's predetermined steps or angles and each step causes a displayed user interface content to be changed. For example, the user may cycle through a set of menu items or selectable applications. In embodiments, the rotating element also includes a selection element, such as a pressure-induced section where the user can push to make a selection.

FIG. 27illustrates a human head wearing a head-worn computer in a glasses form factor. The glasses have a temple section11702and a rotating user interface element11704. The user can rotate the rotating element11704to cycle through options presented as content in the see-through display of the glasses.FIG. 28illustrates several examples of different rotating user interface elements11704a,11704band11704c. Rotating element11704ais mounted at the front end of the temple and has significant side and top exposure for user interaction. Rotating element11704bis mounted further back and also has significant exposure (e.g. 270 degrees of touch). Rotating element11704chas less exposure and is exposed for interaction on the top of the temple. Other embodiments may have a side or bottom exposure.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a haptic system in a head-worn computer. Creating visual, audio, and haptic sensations in coordination can increase the enjoyment or effectiveness of awareness in a number of situations. For example, when viewing a movie or playing a game while digital content is presented in a computer display of a head-worn computer, it is more immersive to include coordinated sound and haptic effects. When presenting information in the head-worn computer, it may be advantageous to present a haptic effect to enhance or be the information. For example, the haptic sensation may gently cause the user of the head-worn computer believe that there is some presence on the user's right side, but out of sight. It may be a very light haptic effect to cause the ‘tingling’ sensation of a presence of unknown origin. It may be a high intensity haptic sensation to coordinate with an apparent explosion, either out of sight or in-sight in the computer display. Haptic sensations can be used to generate a perception in the user that objects and events are close by. As another example, digital content may be presented to the user in the computer displays and the digital content may appear to be within reach of the user. If the user reaches out his hand in an attempt to touch the digital object, which is not a real object, the haptic system may cause a sensation and the user may interpret the sensation as a touching sensation. The haptic system may generate slight vibrations near one or both temples for example and the user may infer from those vibrations that he has touched the digital object. This additional dimension in sensory feedback can be very useful and create a more intuitive and immersive user experience.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to controlling and modulating the intensity of a haptic system in a head-worn computer. In embodiments, the haptic system includes separate piezo strips such that each of the separate strips can be controlled separately. Each strip may be controlled over a range of vibration levels and some of the separate strips may have a greater vibration capacity than others. For example, a set of strips may be mounted in the arm of the head-worn computer (e.g. near the user's temple, ear, rear of the head, substantially along the length of the arm, etc.) and the further forward the strip the higher capacity the strip may have. The strips of varying capacity could be arranged in any number of ways, including linear, curved, compound shape, two dimensional array, one dimensional array, three dimensional array, etc.). A processor in the head-worn computer may regulate the power applied to the strips individually, in sub-groups, as a whole, etc. In embodiments, separate strips or segments of varying capacity are individually controlled to generate a finely controlled multi-level vibration system. Patterns based on frequency, duration, intensity, segment type, and/or other control parameters can be used to generate signature haptic feedback. For example, to simulate the haptic feedback of an explosion close to the user, a high intensity, low frequency, and moderate duration may be a pattern to use. A bullet whipping by the user may be simulated with a higher frequency and shorter duration. Following this disclosure, one can imagine various patterns for various simulation scenarios.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to making a physical connection between the haptic system and the user's head. Typically, with a glasses format, the glasses touch the user's head in several places (e.g. ears, nose, forehead, etc.) and these areas may be satisfactory to generate the necessary haptic feedback. In embodiments, an additional mechanical element may be added to better translate the vibration from the haptic system to a desired location on the user's head. For example, a vibration or signal conduit may be added to the head-worn computer such that there is a vibration translation medium between the head-worn computers internal haptic system and the user's temple area.

FIG. 29illustrates a head-worn computer102with a haptic system comprised of piezo strips29002. In this embodiment, the piezo strips29002are arranged linearly with strips of increasing vibration capacity from back to front of the arm29004. The increasing capacity may be provided by different sized strips, for example. This arrangement can cause a progressively increased vibration power29003from back to front. This arrangement is provided for ease of explanation; other arrangements are contemplated by the inventors of the present application and these examples should not be construed as limiting. The head-worn computer102may also have a vibration or signal conduit29001that facilitates the physical vibrations from the haptic system to the head of the user29005. The vibration conduit may be malleable to form to the head of the user for a tighter or more appropriate fit.

An aspect of the present invention relates to a head-worn computer, comprising: a frame adapted to hold a computer display in front of a user's eye; a processor adapted to present digital content in the computer display and to produce a haptic signal in coordination with the digital content display; and a haptic system comprised of a plurality of haptic segments, wherein each of the haptic segments is individually controlled in coordination with the haptic signal. In embodiments, the haptic segments comprise a piezo strip activated by the haptic signal to generate a vibration in the frame. The intensity of the haptic system may be increased by activating more than one of the plurality of haptic segments. The intensity may be further increased by activating more than 2 of the plurality of haptic segments. In embodiments, each of the plurality of haptic segments comprises a different vibration capacity. In embodiments, the intensity of the haptic system may be regulated depending on which of the plurality of haptic segments is activated. In embodiments, each of the plurality of haptic segments are mounted in a linear arrangement and the segments are arranged such that the higher capacity segments are at one end of the linear arrangement. In embodiments, the linear arrangement is from back to front on an arm of the head-worn computer. In embodiments, the linear arrangement is proximate a temple of the user. In embodiments, the linear arrangement is proximate an ear of the user. In embodiments, the linear arrangement is proximate a rear portion of the user's head. In embodiments, the linear arrangement is from front to back on an arm of the head-worn computer, or otherwise arranged.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides a head-worn computer with a vibration conduit, wherein the vibration conduit is mounted proximate the haptic system and adapted to touch the skin of the user's head to facilitate vibration sensations from the haptic system to the user's head. In embodiments, the vibration conduit is mounted on an arm of the head-worn computer. In embodiments, the vibration conduit touches the user's head proximate a temple of the user's head. In embodiments, the vibration conduit is made of a soft material that deforms to increase contact area with the user's head.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a haptic array system in a head-worn computer. The haptic array(s) that can correlate vibratory sensations to indicate events, scenarios, etc. to the wearer. The vibrations may correlate or respond to auditory, visual, proximity to elements, etc. of a video game, movie, or relationships to elements in the real world as a means of augmenting the wearer's reality. As an example, physical proximity to objects in a wearer's environment, sudden changes in elevation in the path of the wearer (e.g. about to step off a curb), the explosions in a game or bullets passing by a wearer. Haptic effects from a piezo array(s) that make contact the side of the wearer's head may be adapted to effect sensations that correlate to other events experienced by the wearer.

FIG. 29aillustrates a haptic system according to the principles of the present disclosure. In embodiments the piezo strips are mounted or deposited with varying width and thus varying force Piezo Elements on a rigid or flexible, non-conductive substrate attached, to or part of the temples of glasses, goggles, bands or other form factor. The non-conductive substrate may conform to the curvature of a head by being curved and it may be able to pivot (e.g. in and out, side to side, up and down, etc.) from a person's head. This arrangement may be mounted to the inside of the temples of a pair of glasses. Similarly, the vibration conduit, described herein elsewhere, may be mounted with a pivot. As can be seen inFIG. 29a, the piezo strips29002may be mounted on a substrate and the substrate may be mounted to the inside of a glasses arm, strap, etc. The piezo strips in this embodiment increase in vibration capacity as they move forward.

Although embodiments of HWC have been described in language specific to features, systems, computer processes and/or methods, the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features, systems, computer processes and/or methods described. Rather, the specific features, systems, computer processes and/or and methods are disclosed as non-limited example implementations of HWC. All documents referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

The software program may be associated with a client that may include a file client, print client, domain client, internet client, intranet client and other variants such as secondary client, host client, distributed client and the like. The client may include one or more of memories, processors, computer readable transitory and/or non-transitory media, storage media, ports (physical and virtual), communication devices, and interfaces capable of accessing other clients, servers, machines, and devices through a wired or a wireless medium, and the like. The methods, programs or codes as described herein and elsewhere may be executed by the client. In addition, other devices required for execution of methods as described in this application may be considered as a part of the infrastructure associated with the client.

The methods and systems described herein may transform physical and/or or intangible items from one state to another. The methods and systems described herein may also transform data representing physical and/or intangible items from one state to another, such as from usage data to a normalized usage dataset.