PHASE TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION METHOD AND APPARATUS

A phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) transmission method and apparatus are provided, to improve demodulation performance. The method includes: determining a first PTRS pattern; and transmitting a PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern, where the first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, the first PTRS pattern set includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The embodiments relate to the field of communication technologies a phase tracking reference signal transmission method, and an apparatus.

BACKGROUND

In an operating frequency band of a communication system, a high throughput can be implemented at a high frequency that is at least 6 GHz, for example, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, 60 GHz, or 73 GHz. However, the foregoing frequency band may cause intermediate radio frequency distortion problems such as phase noise (PHN) and a carrier frequency offset (CFO) and may also cause a larger Doppler frequency shift of the high frequency. All the three problems may introduce a phase error, and consequently performance of the communication system deteriorates.

Currently, a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) is introduced in new radio (NR) for a cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform and a discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform, to compensate for impact of the phase noise and improve demodulation performance under a phase noise condition.

When the PTRS is mapped to the DFT-s-OFDM waveform for transmission, the transmission is performed based on a determined PTRS pattern. The PTRS pattern includes a quantity of PTRS groups and a quantity of sampling points in the PTRS group. However, when the quantity of sampling points in the PTRS group in the PTRS pattern is 4, phase noise estimation performance of the PTRS is affected by a receive window advance, and consequently the demodulation performance is poor.

SUMMARY

The embodiments provide a phase tracking reference signal transmission method and apparatus, to improve demodulation performance.

According to a first aspect, the embodiments provide a phase tracking reference signal transmission method. The method may be applied to a network device, a chip in the network device, a functional module, or the like. Alternatively, the method may be applied to a terminal device, a chip in the terminal device, a functional module, or the like. The following uses an example in which the method is applied to the network device or the terminal device for description. The method may include: determining a first PTRS pattern; and transmitting a PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern, where the first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, the first PTRS pattern set includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol; the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of the PTRS in the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points.

According to the foregoing method, the terminal device and the network device can determine a required PTRS pattern from the PTRS pattern set in which none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, so that none of all PTRS groups in the determined PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to reduce impact of a parameter, for example, a receive window advance, on precision of phase noise estimated based on the PTRS. In this way, when the PTRS is transmitted based on the PTRS pattern, demodulation performance can be improved, and spectral efficiency can be improved.

When the method is applied to the network device, the transmitting a PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern may be: The network device receives the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern. When the method is applied to the terminal device, the transmitting a PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern may be: The terminal device sends the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern.

When none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, an embodiment may be: no sampling point in a last PTRS group in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol (such as a last QAM symbol) of the OFDM symbol; or a distance between any sampling point in a last PTRS group in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol and a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol (such as a last QAM symbol) of the OFDM symbol is greater than a preset distance threshold. In this way, it can be accurately determined that none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol.

A quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group in any one of the plurality of PTRS patterns is not equal to 4. In this way, none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol.

A method for the network device to determine the first PTRS pattern may be: The network device determines that a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance; and determines the first PTRS pattern based on a value of a second parameter and a first correspondence, where the first correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence are the same as the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set. In this way, when the first parameter, for example, the receive window advance, is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the network device may determine the PTRS pattern in which none of all PTRS groups is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to improve the demodulation performance.

Before determining a first PTRS pattern, the network device receives first information from the terminal device, where the first information indicates a value set of the second parameter in a recommended second correspondence, a quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set. In this way, the network device can know the value set of the second parameter that meets a requirement of the terminal device.

Before determining a first PTRS pattern, the network device sends second information to the terminal device, where the second information indicates the value set of the second parameter in the second correspondence, the quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is the correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set. In this way, the network device can configure the value set of the second parameter for the terminal device, so that the terminal device further determines a corresponding PTRS pattern set.

Before determining a first PTRS pattern, the network device sends third information to the terminal device, where the third information indicates a plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and a quantity of value sets of the second parameter in each group is greater than 5.

The network device sends fourth information to the terminal device, where the fourth information indicates a group of value sets of the second parameter, the group of value sets of the second parameter is one of the plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and the group of value sets of the second parameter includes the value sets of the second parameter in the first correspondence. In this way, the network device can configure the value set of the second parameter for the terminal device, so that the terminal device further determines a corresponding PTRS pattern set.

The network device sends the value of the first parameter to the terminal device; the network device sends fifth information to the terminal device, where when the fifth information is a first value, the fifth information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold; or the network device sends sixth information to the terminal device, where the sixth information indicates the first correspondence. According to the foregoing method, the terminal device can determine a correspondence between a used value set of the second parameter and a PTRS pattern, and further determine the PTRS pattern.

A method for the terminal device to determine the first PTRS pattern may be: The terminal device determines a correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as a first correspondence, where the first correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence are the same as the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set; and determines the first PTRS pattern based on a value of the second parameter and the first correspondence. In this way, the terminal device can determine the PTRS pattern in which none of all PTRS groups is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to improve the demodulation performance.

A method for the terminal device to determine the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence may be: The terminal device receives a value of a first parameter from the network device, and if it is determined that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance; the terminal device receives fifth information from the network device, where when the fifth information is a first value, the fifth information indicates whether a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold; and if the fifth information is the first value, and it is determined that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence; or the terminal device receives sixth information from the network device, where the sixth information indicates that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the first correspondence. In this way, the terminal device can accurately determine that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the first correspondence.

Before determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the terminal device sends first information to the network device, where the first information indicates a value set of the second parameter in a recommended second correspondence, a quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set. In this way, the terminal device can notify, based on a capability of the terminal device, the value set of the second parameter supported by the network device.

Before determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the terminal device receives second information from the network device, where the second information indicates the value set of the second parameter in the second correspondence, the quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is the correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set. Further, a method for the terminal device to determine the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence may be: determining, based on the value set that is of the second parameter and that is indicated by the second information, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence. In this way, the terminal device can further determine a corresponding PTRS pattern set based on the value set of the second parameter configured by the network device.

Before determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the terminal device receives third information from the network device, where the third information indicates a plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and a quantity of value sets of the second parameter in each group is greater than 5.

Before determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the terminal device receives fourth information from the network device, where the fourth information indicates a group of value sets of the second parameter, the group of value sets of the second parameter is one of the plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and the group of value sets of the second parameter includes the value sets of the second parameter in the first correspondence. A method for the terminal device to determine the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence may be: determining, based on the group of value sets that is of the second parameter and that is indicated by the fourth information, the correspondence between a value set of the second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence. In this way, the terminal device can further determine a corresponding PTRS pattern set based on the value set of the second parameter configured by the network device.

The second parameter may be a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device or the second parameter may be a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device and a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

The first parameter may further include a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

A method for determining that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold may be: determining that a value of a receive window advance corresponding to a first modulation and coding scheme MCS is greater than or equal to the first threshold, where the first MCS is one of a plurality of MCSs configured by the network device for the terminal device, and thresholds of values of receive window advances corresponding to the plurality of MCSs are different.

The plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence may include a plurality of PTRS patterns in a third correspondence and the value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence may be different from a value set of the second parameter in the third correspondence.

The value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence may be the same as a value set of the second parameter in a fourth correspondence and at least one of the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence may be different from at least one of a plurality of PTRS patterns in the fourth correspondence; and the fourth correspondence may be a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns and the fourth correspondence may be a correspondence used when the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold.

When the network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the first PTRS pattern, and when a signal-to-noise ratio SNR and/or the MCS configured for the terminal device are/is greater than a preset threshold, the network device performs phase noise estimation on each PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern, and performs interpolation between obtained results of all PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result; or when a signal-to-noise ratio SNR and/or the modulation and coding scheme MCS configured for the terminal device are/is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the network device sequentially performs phase noise joint estimation on every two consecutive PTRS groups in the first PTRS pattern, and performs interpolation between obtained results of every two consecutive PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result. In this way, the network device can flexibly perform phase noise estimation, and obtain a better phase noise estimation result.

According to a second aspect, the embodiments provide a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) transmission method. The method may be applied to a network device, a chip in the network device, a functional module, or the like. Alternatively, the method may be applied to a terminal device, a chip in the terminal device, a functional module, or the like. The following uses an example in which the method is applied to the network device or the terminal device for description. The method may include: determining a third PTRS pattern based on a value of a second parameter and a fifth correspondence, where the fifth correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points; and when at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, and it is determined that a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determining a fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern, and transmitting the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance.

According to the foregoing method, when a PTRS group in the determined PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, the terminal device and the network device can further determine a new PTRS pattern, to reduce impact of the receive window advance on PTRS phase noise estimation, ensure phase noise estimation performance of the PTRS, so that demodulation performance and spectral efficiency are improved.

When it is determined that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold, the PTRS is transmitted based on the third PTRS pattern. In this way, when the receive window advance has no impact or small impact on the PTRS phase noise estimation, the network device and the terminal device can transmit the PTRS based on a current PTRS pattern.

A method for determining the fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern may be: adjusting a quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern and/or a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group, to obtain the fourth PTRS pattern. In this way, the obtained fourth PTRS pattern is not affected by impact of the receive window advance or the like on the PTRS phase noise estimation, to ensure the phase noise estimation performance of the PTRS, so that the demodulation performance and the spectral efficiency are improved.

A method for determining the fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern may be: multiplying the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by A, and dividing a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern by A, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern and a quantity of PTRS sampling points included in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where A is an integer greater than or equal to 2; increasing the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by B, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and using a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern as a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where a distribution distance between last two PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern is greater than a second threshold, and B is an integer greater than or equal to 1; or increasing the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by K, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, keeping a quantity of PTRS sampling points in first H-2 PTRS groups to be the quantity of sampling points in the PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern and unchanged, and dividing a quantity of sampling points in a last PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern by L to obtain a quantity of PTRS sampling points in last two PTRS groups, to obtain a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where a distribution distance between the last two PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern is greater than a third threshold, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1, L is an integer greater than or equal to 2, H is the quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and H is a positive integer greater than 2. In this way, the obtained fourth PTRS pattern is not affected by impact of the receive window advance or the like on the PTRS phase noise estimation, to ensure the phase noise estimation performance of the PTRS, so that the demodulation performance and the spectral efficiency are improved.

The second threshold and the third threshold each may be positively correlated to a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device.

The second parameter may be the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device or the second parameter may be the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device and a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

The first parameter may further include a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

A method for determining that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold may be: determining that a value of a receive window advance corresponding to a first modulation and coding scheme MCS is greater than or equal to the first threshold, where the first MCS is one of a plurality of MCSs configured by the network device for the terminal device, and thresholds of values of receive window advances corresponding to the plurality of MCSs are different.

When at least one PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, an embodiment may include: at least one sampling point in at least one PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol (such as a last QAM symbol) of the OFDM symbol; or a distance between at least one sampling point in at least one PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol and a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol (such as a last QAM symbol) of the OFDM symbol is less than or equal to a preset distance threshold. In this way, it can be accurately determined that at least one PTRS group in a PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol.

When the method is applied to the network device, the network device sends the value of the first parameter to the terminal device; or the network device sends seventh information to the terminal device, where the seventh information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold. In this way, the terminal device can determine whether the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

When the method is applied to the terminal device, the terminal device receives the value of the first parameter from the network device; or the terminal device receives and sends the seventh information from the network device, where the seventh information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold. In this way, the terminal device can determine whether the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

When the method is applied to the network device, transmitting the PTRS based on the PTRS pattern may be: The network device receives the PTRS based on the PTRS pattern. When the method is applied to the terminal device, transmitting the PTRS based on the PTRS pattern may be: The terminal device sends the PTRS based on the PTRS pattern.

When the network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the fourth PTRS pattern, and when a signal-to-noise ratio SNR and/or the modulation and coding scheme MCS configured for the terminal device are/is greater than a preset threshold, the network device performs phase noise estimation on each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, and performs interpolation between obtained results of all PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result; or when a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or the modulation and coding scheme MCS configured for the terminal device are/is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the network device sequentially performs phase noise joint estimation on every two consecutive PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and performs interpolation between obtained results of every two consecutive PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result. In this way, the network device can flexibly perform phase noise estimation, and obtain a better phase noise estimation result.

According to a third aspect, the embodiments further provide a phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus, where the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus may be a terminal device, and the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus has functions of the terminal device for implementing the first aspect or the second aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or may be implemented by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoing functions.

A structure of the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit. These units may perform the corresponding functions of the terminal device in the first aspect or the second aspect. For details, refer to the detailed descriptions in the method example. Details are not described herein again.

A structure of the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus may include a transceiver and a processor, and optionally, further includes a memory. The transceiver is configured to send and receive data and is configured to communicate and interact with another device in a communication system. The processor is configured to: support the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus in performing the corresponding functions of the terminal device in the first aspect or the second aspect. The memory is coupled to the processor, and stores program instructions and data that are necessary for the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus.

According to a fourth aspect, the embodiments further provide a phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus, where the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus may be a network device, and the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus has functions of the network device for implementing the first aspect or the second aspect. The functions may be implemented by hardware or may be implemented by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoing functions.

A structure of the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit. These units may perform the corresponding functions of the network device in the first aspect or the second aspect. For details, refer to the detailed descriptions in the method example. Details are not described herein again.

A structure of the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus may include a transceiver and a processor, and optionally, further includes a memory. The transceiver is configured to send and receive data and is configured to communicate and interact with another device in a communication system. The processor is configured to: support the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus in performing the corresponding functions of the network device in the first aspect or the second aspect. The memory is coupled to the processor, and stores program instructions and data that are necessary for the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus.

According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment may provide a communication system, and the communication system may include the terminal device and the network device mentioned above.

According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment may provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, where the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores program instructions, and when the program instructions are run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to the first aspect or the second aspect . For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium that can be accessed by the computer. By way of example rather than limitation, the non-transitory computer-readable medium may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a CD-ROM or another optical disk storage, a magnetic disk storage medium or another magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can carry or store desired program code in a form of instructions or a data structure and that can be accessed by the computer.

According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment may provide a computer program product including computer program code or instructions. When the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method according to the first aspect or the second aspect.

According to an eighth aspect, an embodiment may further provide a chip, including a processor, where the processor is coupled to a memory, and is configured to: read and execute program instructions stored in the memory, to enable the chip to implement the method according to the first aspect or the second aspect.

For each of the third aspect to the eighth aspect, refer to the first aspect. Details are not described herein again.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The following further describes in detail the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiments provide a phase tracking reference signal transmission method and apparatus, to improve demodulation performance. The method and the apparatus are based on a similar principle. Because the method and the apparatus have a similar principle for resolving a problem, mutual reference may be made between apparatus implementations and method implementations. Repeated descriptions are not provided again.

In the descriptions, terms such as “first” and “second” are merely used for a purpose of differentiation and description but cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or cannot be understood as indicating or implying a sequence.

In the descriptions, “at least one (type)” means one (type) or more (types), and “a plurality of (types)” means two (types) or more (types).

The following describes some technologies in the embodiments, to help a person skilled in the art have a better understanding.

In a new radio (NR) protocol, in addition to supporting a cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform, uplink also supports a discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform. In comparison with the CP-OFDM waveform, the DFT-s-OFDM waveform has a feature of a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). After modulated data of the DFT-s-OFDM waveform is arranged and before the modulated data of the DFT-s-OFDM waveform is mapped to a resource element, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) change needs to be performed first, and may be reflected by using the following formula:

N is a quantity of subcarriers in a scheduled bandwidth; x(i) is a modulation symbol, and a modulation method includes quadrature amplitude modulation QAM), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, π/2 shifted binary phase shift keying (π/2-BPSK) modulation, amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation, non-uniform QAM modulation, and the like; and y(k) is a signal to be mapped to the subcarrier.

At a receiving end, after signal equalization is completed in frequency domain, an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) operation is performed on a signal on a subcarrier in a scheduled bandwidth on a same OFDM symbol, to restore a transmit signal.

Currently, in an operating frequency band of a communication system, a high frequency (a frequency band that is at least 6 GHz, for example, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, 60 GHz, or 73 GHZ) has become a significant research and development topic in the industry for meeting increasing communication requirements because the high frequency has rich frequency band resources. Notable features of the high frequency include a large bandwidth and a highly integrated antenna array, to achieve a high throughput, and further include severe intermediate radio frequency distortion problems such as phase noise (PHN) and a carrier frequency offset (CFO). In addition, a Doppler shift of the high frequency is also large. All the three problems may introduce a phase error, and consequently performance of a high-frequency communication system deteriorates or even the high-frequency communication system cannot work.

The phase noise is used as an example. An increase in a frequency band indicates higher phase noise power spectral density and greater impact on a received signal. For example,FIG.1andFIG.2show schematic diagrams of phase noise power spectral density in two different phase noise models. As shown inFIG.1andFIG.2, an increase in an operating frequency band may indicate a higher phase noise power spectral density. For another example,FIG.3toFIG.5are schematic diagrams of impact of different phase noise on a frequency domain received signal (where a horizontal coordinate is in-phase, and a vertical coordinate is quadrature).FIG.3is a schematic diagram of a frequency domain signal without impact of phase noise when a signal is modulated in 64 QAM.FIG.4is a schematic diagram of impact of weak phase noise on a frequency domain signal when a signal is modulated in 64 QAM.FIG.5is a schematic diagram of impact of strong phase noise on a frequency domain signal when a signal is modulated in 64 QAM. As shown inFIG.3toFIG.5, when there is the impact of the phase noise, a 64 QAM constellation point rotates and spreads. In comparison with a constellation point with weak phase noise, a constellation point with strong phase noise has a higher ratio of a spread radius to a minimum Euclidean distance of a standard constellation point. As shown inFIG.1toFIG.5, when a frequency band is high, deterioration of the phase noise causes demodulation performance to become poor. Therefore, in an existing NR protocol, a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) is introduced for both two waveforms (CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM), to compensate for impact of the phase noise and improve the demodulation performance under a phase noise condition.

A process of transmitting the PTRS may be as follows: A transmitting end maps the PTRS to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol based on a PTRS pattern, and sends the PTRS to a receiving end; and the receiving end receives the PTRS based on the PTRS pattern. The PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of the PTRS in the OFDM symbol. A PTRS pattern applicable to DFT-s-OFDM includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points (in other words, includes a plurality of consecutive modulation symbols).

For DFT-s-OFDM, the PTRS pattern may be determined based on a scheduled bandwidth, as shown in Table 1 below. NRBi(i=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) is a threshold configured by a network device for a terminal device by using higher layer signaling. Then, in a data transmission process, both the network device and the terminal device determine a PTRS pattern in current data transmission based on Table 1 and a current scheduled bandwidth scheduled by the network device for the terminal device. For example, when a configured scheduled bandwidth NRBmeets a condition: NRB2≤NRB<NRB3, both the network device and the terminal device determine, based on Table 1 below, that a quantity of PTRS groups in the PTRS pattern is 4, and a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group is 2.

After the PTRS pattern (the quantity of PTRS groups and the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the group) is determined, the terminal device and the network device may further determine a position of the PTRS in one DFT-s-OFDM symbol. All QAM symbols included in one DFT-s-OFDM symbol (in other words, resource elements (REs) or subcarriers included in the scheduled bandwidth may be equally divided into N (the quantity of PTRS groups) gaps. If M (the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the PTRS group)=2, one PTRS group is mapped to a middle of each gap. If M-4, a first PTRS group is mapped to a header of a first gap, a last PTRS group is mapped to a tail of a last gap, and other PTRS groups are mapped to middles of gaps.

In other words, when the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the PTRS group is 4, one of the PTRS groups is distributed at a tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol. However, in practice, the network device may consider one or more of impact of a multipath, impact of a timing error, or impact of different timing errors of different terminal devices, and timing of a receiving component of the network device has an advance, as shown by a fast Fourier transform (fast Fourier transform, FFT) receive window (such as an input window inFIG.6) inFIG.6. In other words, there is a receive window advance. FFT is performed on signals in the receive window together, to transform the signals to a frequency domain. In other words, FFT is performed on the signals as a whole in the input window.FIG.6shows patterns in which quantities N of PTRS groups are respectively 2, 4, and 8 and the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the PTRS group is 4, and distribution of the PTRS pattern in an FFT window (such as an output window) of the transmitting end (TX) and an FFT window (such as the output window) of the receiving end (RX). As shown inFIG.6agroup of PTRSs may be distributed at the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol. IFFT is performed on signals as a whole in the output window.

Because a cyclic prefix (CP) is added (after inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is performed, the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol is copied and added to a header of a DFT-s-OFDM signal), a signal corresponding to the PTRS group located at the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol is further distributed in a CP part at the header of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol. Advancing of the receive window causes a case in which after channel equalization, a PTRS group located in the CP, such as a front part of the receive window, is remapped to the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol. However, the PTRS group actually located at the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol is discarded due to the advancing of the receive window, that is, a PTRS group in a dashed box inFIG.6is discarded.

Phase noise estimation of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol needs to estimate a phase noise value based on each PTRS group, and interpolation is performed between the PTRS groups, to obtain a phase noise estimation value on the entire DFT-s-OFDM symbol. The PTRS group that returns to the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM signal after the equalization actually comes from the CP in the front of the DFT-s-OFDM signal. Therefore, phase noise experienced by the PTRS group at the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM signal is actually phase noise in the front of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol, but not phase noise on the PTRS group at the tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol. Consequently, when the phase noise estimated based on the PTRS group is used for interpolation, to estimate phase noise on the entire DFT-s-OFDM symbol, precision of phase noise estimation is significantly reduced. This further deteriorates the demodulation performance and reduces spectral efficiency.

Based on this, an embodiment provides a phase tracking reference signal transmission method, to enable phase noise estimation of a PTRS to be not affected by a receive window advance, so that demodulation performance and spectral efficiency can be improved.

The phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in embodiments may be applied to various communication systems, such as an LTE system, an NR system, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a 5th generation (5G) communication system, a 6th generation (6G) communication system or another future evolved system, any other wireless communication system that uses a radio access technology, or the like. The embodiments may be applicable provided that there is phase noise in the communication system. The embodiments may be applicable to a scenario in which high-frequency phase noise is severe. For example, the embodiments may be further applicable to the following scenarios: scenarios that have a high requirement on timing or a high requirement on a transmission rate, for example, an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) scenario, a multi-site transmission scenario (where signal transmission is performed between a same terminal device and a plurality of sites), a backhaul scenario, a wireless to the x (WTTx) scenario, and a device-to-device (D2D) scenario. The embodiments may be applied to a CP-OFDM-based or DFT-s-OFDM-based system.

For example,FIG.7is a diagram of an architecture of a possible communication system to which a phase tracking reference signal transmission method is applicable according to an embodiment. The communication system may include a plurality of network devices and a plurality of terminal devices.

The network device is a device with a wireless transceiver function or a chip that may be disposed in the network device. The network device may be a base station, a relay station, or an access point. For example, the network device may be a NodeB (NB) in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), or may be an evolved NodeB (eNB) in LTE, or a next generation NodeB (gNB) in NR. Alternatively, the network device may be a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the network device may be a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home NodeB (HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), or an access point (AP), a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, and a transmission point (TP) in a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, or the like, or may be a network node constituting the gNB or the transmission point, for example, a baseband unit (BBU) or a distributed unit (DU). Alternatively, the network device may be a base station in a future 5G network or a network device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN). Alternatively, the network device may be a wearable device, a vehicle-mounted device, or the like.

In some deployments, the gNB may include a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU implements some functions of the gNB, and the DU implements some functions of the gNB. For example, the DU may be configured to implement sending and receiving of a radio frequency signal, conversion between a radio frequency signal and a baseband signal, and some baseband processing. The CU may be configured to: perform baseband processing, control a base station, and the like. In some embodiments, the CU is responsible for processing a non-real-time protocol and service and implementing functions of a radio resource control (RRC) layer and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. The DU is responsible for processing a physical layer protocol and a real-time service and implementing functions of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and a physical (PHY) layer. Because information at the RRC layer is finally changed into information at the PHY layer, or is changed from information at the PHY layer, in this architecture, higher layer signaling such as RRC layer signaling may also be considered to be sent by the DU or be sent by the DU and an AAU. It may be understood that the network device may be a device that includes one or more of a CU node, a DU node, and an AAU node. In addition, the CU may be classified as a network device in an access network (RAN), or the CU may be classified as a network device in a core network CN). This is not limited.

The terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a terminal unit, a terminal station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a wireless communication device, a terminal agent, a terminal apparatus, or the like. For example, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer having a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a smart wearable device (smart glasses, a smart watch, a smart headset, or the like), a wireless terminal in a smart home, or the like. Alternatively, the terminal device may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having a wireless communication function, a computing device, another processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a future 5G network, a terminal device in a future evolved PLMN, or the like. Alternatively, the terminal device may be a chip, a chip module (or a chip system), or the like that can be disposed in the foregoing device. A terminal device having a wireless transceiver function and a chip that can be disposed in the foregoing terminal device may be collectively referred to as a terminal device.

FIG.7shows examples of four scenarios: an eMBB scenario (shown by a solid line inFIG.7), a multi-site transmission scenario (shown by a dashed line {circle around (1)} inFIG.7), a backhaul scenario (shown by a dashed line {circle around (2)} inFIG.7), a D2D scenario (shown by a dashed line {circle around (3)} inFIG.7). It should be understood that the four scenarios shown inFIG.7are merely examples, and this is not limited.

In the embodiments, the network device and the terminal may be deployed on the land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld, or vehicle-mounted; may be deployed on the water; or may be deployed on aircraft, a balloon, or a satellite in the air. Application scenarios of the network device and the terminal device are not limited in the embodiments.

It should be noted that in the phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in the embodiments, a PTRS may be sent by the terminal device, a processor in the terminal device, a chip or a chip system, a functional module, or the like; and the PTRS may be received by the network device, a processor in the network device, a chip or a chip system, a functional module, or the like. An apparatus for sending the PTRS may be referred to as a transmitting end, and an apparatus for receiving the PTRS may be referred to as a receiving end.

For example,FIG.8is a schematic diagram of functional modules of a transmitting end and a receiving end to which an embodiment is applicable. The transmitting end may generate a PTRS sequence. The transmitting end generates a source bit (a data bit stream), encodes the source bit, and performs QAM modulation on an encoded bit, to obtain a modulated data sequence. The transmitting end maps/arranges the generated PTRS sequence and the modulated data sequence (where it indicates mapping of a data QAM symbol and a QAM symbol of a PTRS before DFT) and performs a DFT operation on a mapped/arranged sequence. A sequence obtained after the DFT and a generated DMRS sequence are mapped to an RE (in other words, a DFT-s-OFDM symbol is mapped to a specified frequency domain resource), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is performed, and a CP is added to the sequence to obtain a final symbol sequence. Then, the final symbol sequence is sent to the receiving end through a channel.

The receiving end performs an inverse process that is contrary to the process performed by the transmitting end. After receiving the symbol sequence from the transmitting end, the receiving end removes the added CP in the symbol sequence (in other words, discards a signal outside an FFT receive window), and performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT). Then, the receiving end performs channel equalization (including operations such as channel estimation). Then, the receiving end performs RE demapping and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on a sequence on which channel equalization is completed. Then, the receiving end obtains the PTRS, performs phase noise estimation based on the obtained PTRS, performs phase noise compensation based on the phase noise estimation, and performs QAM demodulation and decoding on a sequence obtained after the phase noise compensation, to restore the data bit stream sent by the transmitting end.

It should be noted that the CP-related operations inFIG.8are merely used as an example. Optionally, at least one of the following operations and modules may be further included: frequency domain spectrum shaping, serial-to-parallel conversion, parallel-to-serial conversion, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a power amplifier (PA), a low noise amplifier (LNA), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and the like.

In the following embodiments, the phase tracking reference signal transmission method may be described in detail only by using an example in which the transmitting end is the terminal device and the receiving end is the network device. However, this does not constitute a limitation.

In the following descriptions, all “OFDM symbols” are general terms, and the OFDM symbol may be a DFT-s-OFDM symbol or a CP-OFDM symbol. This is not limited.

Based on the foregoing descriptions, a phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in an embodiment is applicable to the communication system shown inFIG.7. As shown inFIG.9, a procedure of the method may include the following steps.

Step901: A terminal device determines a first PTRS pattern, where the first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, the first PTRS pattern set includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern is located at a tail of an OFDM symbol; the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points.

It should be noted that, in the distribution rule that is of the PTRS in the OFDM symbol and that is indicated by the PTRS pattern, the PTRS may be distributed in one or more OFDM symbols. This is not limited.

The plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points may be QAM symbols, for example, may be QAM symbols before DFT, or may be QAM symbols after IDFT.

In an optional implementation, that none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol may be either of the following two cases.

Case a1: No sampling point in a last PTRS group in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a last sampling point or a last QAM symbol of the OFDM symbol.

Case a2: A distance between any sampling point in a last PTRS group in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol and a last sampling point or a last QAM symbol of the OFDM symbol is greater than a preset distance threshold.

For example, a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group in any one of the plurality of PTRS patterns is not equal to 4. In this way, it can also be ensured that none of all PTRS groups in the first PTRS pattern determined by the terminal device in the OFDM symbol is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol.

Optionally, a method for the terminal device to determine the first PTRS pattern may be: The terminal device determines a correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as a first correspondence, and determines the first PTRS pattern based on a value of the second parameter and the first correspondence, where the first correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence are the same as the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set. In other words, the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence form the first PTRS pattern set. It may also be understood as that the correspondence is a correspondence between the value set of the second parameter and the first PTRS pattern set.

The value set of the second parameter in any correspondence may correspond to a threshold of the second parameter and may represent a plurality of value intervals (or referred to as threshold intervals, intervals, value ranges, threshold ranges, or the like).

For example, the second parameter may be a scheduled bandwidth configured by a network device for the terminal device; or the second parameter may be a scheduled bandwidth configured by a network device for the terminal device and a modulation and coding scheme (modulation and coding scheme, MCS) configured by the network device for the terminal device.

For example, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern may be predefined. An example in which the second parameter is the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device is used below for detailed description.

In a first possible example, a value set of the PTRS pattern is extended (where a value of the PTRS pattern is a quantity of PTRS groups in the PTRS pattern and a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group), so that in a conventional technology, a PTRS pattern in which a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group is 4 may correspond to a PTRS pattern in which a quantity of PTRS sampling points is not 4, where the “correspondence” may be understood as same or close PTRS overheads, or a same or close quantity of PTRS sampling points. That is, values of Ng*Ns are equal or close, where Ng represents the quantity of PTRS groups, and Ns represents the quantity of sampling points in the PTRS group. In addition, a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a PTRS pattern is defined, and when impact of a receive window advance exists, the PTRS pattern in which a quantity of sampling points is not 4 may be configured, to avoid a problem in the conventional technology that poor demodulation performance is caused by the PTRS pattern in which a quantity of sampling points is 4 when the impact of the receive window advance exists. In this example, it may be understood as that the PTRS pattern is added or extended in the foregoing Table 1.

For example, it is assumed that the PTRS pattern in which a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group is 4 is [Ng, Ns]=[Ng, 4], where Ng represents the quantity of PTRS groups in the PTRS pattern, in other words, a quantity of PTRS groups in the OFDM symbol (for example, a DFT-s-OFDM symbol), that is, NgroupPT-RS. Ns represents the quantity of PTRS sampling points included in each PTRS group, that is, Nsampgroup. Currently, when Ns=4, there is one PTRS group distributed at a tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and the impact of the receive window advance is great. When Ns=2, all PTRS groups are distributed at middles of gaps, there is no PTRS group distributed at a tail of the DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and the impact of the receive window advance is small. Therefore, a current PTRS pattern set (such as the PTRS pattern included in Table 1) can be added or extended, so that each PTRS pattern of [Ng, Ns]=[Ng, 4] can correspond to one pattern in which Ns≠4 and that has similar overheads or same overheads. For example, the PTRS pattern of [Ng, 4] may correspond to a PTRS pattern of [2Ng, 2].

For example, a correspondence between a scheduled bandwidth and a PTRS pattern is shown in Table 2 below, and PTRS patterns, in the correspondence, of bold and italic fonts in Table 2 are newly added PTRS patterns in comparison with those in Table 1. [Ng, Ns]=[8, 2] corresponds to [Ng, Ns]=[4, 4], and [Ng, Ns]=[16, 2] corresponds to [Ng, Ns]=[8, 4].

In comparison with content in current Table 1, two new PTRS patterns may be added. It should be noted that a quantity of newly added PTRS patterns, a quantity of PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern and a quantity of sampling points in a group (in other words, a quantity of PTRS sampling points in the group), and a row in which the newly added PTRS pattern is located in the table are merely examples. This is not limited to a case of Table 2. For example, the quantity of newly added PTRS patterns may alternatively be 3, 4, 1, or another value, and the newly added PTRS pattern may alternatively be at least one of [Ng, Ns]=[4, 3], [6, 3], [8, 3], [10, 3], or the like.

Optionally, when a new quantity of PTRS sampling points in a group is defined, for example, Ns=3, a new mapping rule may be further defined for a PTRS pattern of this type. For example, all PTRS patterns are mapped to headers of gaps. There may be another mapping rule. This is not limited.

In a second possible example, a correspondence between a group of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS pattern sets may be defined for different scenarios, where any two of the plurality of PTRS pattern sets may have at least one different PTRS pattern. In other words, a same value set of the second parameter in different scenarios corresponds to different PTRS pattern sets. For example, as shown by a correspondence between a scheduled bandwidth and a PTRS pattern in Table 3 below, in one correspondence, a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a group in any PTRS pattern in a PTRS pattern set is not 4. In other words, none of PTRS groups in all PTRS patterns in the PTRS pattern set is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol.

As shown in Table 3 that, in comparison with the correspondence in current Table 1, a correspondence between the scheduled bandwidth and a newly added PTRS pattern set (a plurality of newly added PTRS patterns, or a plurality of newly added PTRS patterns) is newly added. In other words, there is a correspondence between the scheduled bandwidth and the current PTRS pattern set (a plurality of current PTRS patterns, or a plurality of current PTRS patterns) in Table 3, and there is another correspondence between the scheduled bandwidth and the newly added PTRS pattern set in Table 3. A proper correspondence is selected based on different scenarios and the like to determine a required PTRS pattern.

It should be noted that a value of the quantity of PTRS groups and a value of the quantity of sampling points in the group that correspond to the newly added PTRS pattern in Table 3 are merely examples and may alternatively be other values. This is not limited.

For example, in a first possible example, the first correspondence may be a correspondence between the scheduled bandwidth and a PTRS pattern other than the PTRS pattern in which a quantity of sampling points in a group is 4 in Table 2. In this case, the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set may be the PTRS patterns in which quantities of PTRS groups and quantities of sampling points in groups are respectively [2, 2], [4, 2], [8, 2], and [16, 2] in Table 2. In a second possible example, the first correspondence may be the correspondence between the scheduled bandwidth and a newly added PTRS pattern set in Table 3. In this case, the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set may be the PTRS patterns in which quantities of PTRS groups and quantities of sampling points in groups are respectively [2, 2], [4, 2], [8, 2], and [16, 2] in Table 3. It should be noted that, in Table 3, thresholds of the scheduled bandwidth corresponding to the PTRS pattern of [4, 2] are NRB1and NRB3. In other words, the scheduled bandwidth within an interval range of NRB1≤NRB<NRB3corresponds to the PTRS pattern of [4, 2]. In other words, in comparison with the correspondence in Table 1, in this correspondence, the scheduled bandwidth does not change, but only a corresponding PTRS pattern changes.

In an optional implementation, that the terminal device determines a correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as a first correspondence may include the following three methods.

Method b1: The terminal device receives a value of a first parameter from the network device, and if it is determined that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

Method b2: The terminal device receives fifth information from the network device, where when the fifth information is a first value, the fifth information may indicate whether a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold; and if the fifth information is the first value, and the terminal device determines that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the terminal device determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

Method b3: The terminal device receives sixth information from the network device, where the sixth information indicates that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the first correspondence.

Correspondingly, similar to the method b1, when the terminal device determines that the value of the first parameter received from the network device is less than the first threshold, the terminal device determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as a third correspondence or a fourth correspondence.

The third correspondence and the fourth correspondence are correspondences between the value set of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns.

The third correspondence is the correspondence determined by the terminal device in the foregoing first possible example. For example, the plurality of PTRS patterns in the third correspondence may be the PTRS patterns in which quantities of PTRS groups and quantities of sampling points in groups are respectively [2, 2], [2, 4], [4, 2], [4, 4], and [8, 4] in Table 2. That is, a PTRS pattern set in the third correspondence includes and includes only {[2, 2], [2, 4], [4, 2], [4, 4], [8, 4]}.

It should be noted that, that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold is classified as a solution, and that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold is classified as another solution. It should be understood that this is merely an example. Alternatively, that the value of the first parameter is greater than the first threshold is classified as a solution, and that the value of the first parameter is less than or equal to the first threshold is classified as another solution. That is, “equal to” may be combined with “greater than” or may be combined with “less than”. This is not limited. It should be understood that in the descriptions, another case involving “equal to” is the same.

For example, when the first correspondence is the correspondence in the first possible example, a threshold corresponding to the value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence is different from a threshold corresponding to the value set of the second parameter in the third correspondence. That the threshold corresponding to the value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence is different from the threshold corresponding to the value set of the second parameter in the third correspondence may mean that there is at least one different threshold.

The fourth correspondence is the correspondence determined by the terminal device in the second possible example. For example, the fourth correspondence may be a correspondence between the scheduled bandwidth and the current PTRS pattern set in Table 3.

For example, when the first correspondence is the correspondence in the second possible example, the value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence is the same as the value set of the second parameter in the fourth correspondence, and at least one of the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence is different from at least one of the plurality of PTRS patterns in the fourth correspondence.

Similar to the method b2, if the fifth information is the first value, the fifth information indicates that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold, and the terminal device determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence.

Similar to the method b3, the sixth information may indicate that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the first correspondence; or the sixth information may indicate that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence. When the sixth information indicates that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the first correspondence, this is a case in the method b3, and the terminal device may determine the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence. When the sixth information indicates that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence, the terminal device determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence.

Further, after determining the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence, the terminal device determines a second PTRS pattern based on the value of the second parameter and the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence and sends the PTRS to the network device based on the second PTRS pattern.

Optionally, that the value of the first parameter is greater than the first threshold may include the following three cases.

Case c1: The first parameter is the receive window advance, and a value of the receive window advance is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

Case c2: The first parameter includes the receive window advance and the MCS, and a value of the receive window advance and a value of the MCS are both greater than or equal to respective corresponding first thresholds. It should be understood that the first threshold of the value of the receive window advance is different from the first threshold of the value of the MCS, and values of the respective thresholds are not limited.

Case c3: The first parameter includes the receive window advance, but different MCSs may define different receive advance thresholds. That a value of the receive window advance is greater than or equal to the first threshold may be that a value of a receive window advance corresponding to a first MCS is greater than or equal to the first threshold, where the first MCS is one of a plurality of MCSs configured by the network device for the terminal device, and thresholds of values of receive window advances corresponding to the plurality of MCSs are different.

Correspondingly, a condition for determining that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold is similar to a condition for determining that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold. Details are not described again.

Optionally, determining that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold is determining that the value of the first parameter meets a preset condition. The preset condition may include: The receive window advance is greater than or equal to the first threshold, or the receive window advance and the MCS meet a first condition. That the receive window advance and the MCS meet a first condition may include: Both the receive window advance and the MCS are greater than or equal to respective thresholds, or the value of the receive window advance corresponding to the first MCS is greater than or equal to the first threshold. It should be understood that when the value of the first parameter does not meet the preset condition, the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold. Details are not described herein again.

In an optional implementation, before the terminal device determines the first PTRS pattern, the terminal device may recommend a group of value sets of the second parameter to the network device based on a hardware capability of the terminal device (where this is implemented by reporting a recommended threshold). For example, in the first possible example, the terminal device may send first information to the network device, where the first information indicates a value set of the second parameter in a recommended second correspondence, a quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns (which may be referred to as a second PTRS image set), and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set. The second PTRS pattern set in the second correspondence may include the plurality of PTRS patterns in the third correspondence and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence. In other words, a union set of the plurality of PTRS patterns in the third correspondence and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence is the second PTRS pattern set. For example, the plurality of value sets of the second parameter in the second correspondence may include a value set of the scheduled bandwidth shown in Table 2. A quantity of value sets of the scheduled bandwidth in Table 2 may be seven and may be greater than five.

In the second possible example, the terminal device may report five value sets of the second parameter to the network device according to an existing procedure. That is, different pattern sets correspond to a same value set of the second parameter. For example, the value sets that are of the second parameter and that are reported by the terminal device to the network device may be five value sets of the scheduled bandwidth shown in Table 3.

Similarly, before the terminal device determines the first PTRS pattern, the network device configures the value set of the second parameter for the terminal device, to notify the terminal device of an effective value set of the second parameter in a data transmission process.

For example, in the second possible example, the network device may configure five value sets of the second parameter for the terminal device according to the existing procedure. For example, the value sets that are of the second parameter and that are configured by the network device for the terminal device may be five value sets of the scheduled bandwidth shown in Table 3.

For example, in the first possible example, a method for the network device to configure the value set of the second parameter for the terminal device may include the following two methods.

Method d1: The terminal device receives second information from the network device, where the second information indicates the value set of the second parameter in the second correspondence, and the quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5.

Further, when determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the terminal device may determine, based on the value set that is of the second parameter and that is indicated by the second information, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

Method d2: The terminal device receives third information from the network device, where the third information indicates a plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and a quantity of value sets of the second parameter in each group is greater than 5. Then, the terminal device receives fourth information from the network device, where the fourth information indicates a group of value sets of the second parameter, the group of value sets of the second parameter is one of the plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and the group of value sets of the second parameter includes the value sets of the second parameter in the first correspondence.

Further, when determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the terminal device may determine, based on the group of value sets that is of the second parameter and that is indicated by the fourth information, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

Optionally, the fourth information may indicate a group of value sets of the second parameter by indicating whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, by indicating the value of the first parameter, or by directly indicating a group of thresholds of the second parameter.

Optionally, the network device may send the second information or the third information by using higher layer signaling, and the network device may send the fourth information by using downlink control information (DCI).

Optionally, the fourth information may also be the higher layer signaling. When the fourth information is the higher layer signaling, effective time of the fourth information is different from effective time of the third information. The effective time of the third information is longer than the effective time of the fourth information, or an (average) update frequency of the fourth information is higher, and an (average) update periodicity of the fourth information is shorter.

It should be understood that the value set that is of the second parameter and that is configured by the network device may alternatively include the value set of the second parameter in the third correspondence.

Both a quantity of value sets that is of the second parameter and that is reported by the terminal device and a quantity of value sets that is of the second parameter and that is configured by the network device are the same as a quantity of the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the second PTRS pattern set in the second correspondence.

For example, in the first possible example, the network device may configure the value set of the second parameter for the terminal device according to the following rules.

Rule 1: When the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold (in other words, when the value of the first parameter does not meet the preset condition), the network device may configure a value of the value set of the second parameter, so that an interval is an empty set to invalidate a newly added PTRS pattern in comparison with a currently existing PTRS pattern. For example, the newly added PTRS pattern is [8, 2] or [16, 2]. For example, Table 2 is used as an example. If NRB4=NRB5, the PTRS pattern of [Ng, Ns]=[8, 2] may be invalidated. If NRB6=NPRBmax+1, the PTRS pattern of [Ng, Ns]=[16, 2] may be invalidated, where NPRBmaxis a maximum quantity of physical resource blocks (PRBs) in the scheduled bandwidth.

According to the rule 1, the terminal device and the network device may subsequently determine the required PTRS pattern based on the third correspondence.

Optionally, if the terminal device determines, based on the hardware capability of the terminal device, for example, a phase noise level, that the first parameter has no impact on the terminal device, the terminal device may alternatively report NRB4=NRB5and/or NRB6=NPRBmax+1 to indicate that the newly added PTRS pattern, for example, [8, 2] or [16, 2] is not required.

Rule 2: When the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold (in other words, when the value of the first parameter meets the preset condition), the network device may configure a value of the value set of the second parameter, so that an interval is an empty set to invalidate some of PTRS patterns that cause the tail of the OFDM symbol (for example, the DFT-s-OFDM symbol) to have a PTRS group. For example, Table 2 is used as an example. If NRB2=NRB1, the PTRS pattern of [Ng, Ns]=[2, 4] may be invalidated. If NRB4=NRB3, the PTRS pattern of [Ng, Ns]=[4, 4] may be invalidated. If NRB6=NRB5, the PTRS pattern of [Ng, Ns]=[8, 4] may be invalidated.

According to the rule 2, the terminal device and the network device may subsequently determine the required PTRS pattern based on the first correspondence.

When the value of the first parameter, for example, the receive window advance, dynamically changes based on a scenario, for example, a quantity of scheduled users or a quantity of multipaths in a channel environment, the network device needs to dynamically adjust a PTRS pattern determining rule, dynamically configure the value set of the second parameter. For example, when the quantity of scheduled users is small or the quantity of multipaths in the channel environment is small, and the receive window advance is small, the impact of the receive window advance can be ignored, and the network device may perform configuration according to the rule 1; or when the quantity of scheduled users is large or the quantity of multipaths in the channel environment is large, the impact of the receive window advance cannot be ignored, and the network device may perform configuration according to the rule 2. Different from configuration in the conventional technology in which configuration is performed only once and dynamic configuration may be performed based on the scenario, in other words, configuration may be performed for a plurality of times.

For example, a method in which the network device configures the value set of the second parameter according to the method d1 is used as an example for description. In a PTRS transmission procedure shown inFIG.10a, the terminal device first reports a plurality of recommended value sets of the second parameter by using the first information (where this is implemented by reporting the recommended threshold). Then, the network device configures the value set of the second parameter (in other words, configures the threshold of the second parameter) for the terminal device based on a current scenario by using the second information. Then, the terminal device determines a PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, a corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, and sends a PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern. The network device determines the PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, the corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, receives the PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern, and performs phase noise estimation and compensation. Then, because the scenario changes, the previous configuration of the network device no longer matches a channel, and the network device reconfigures the value set of the second parameter (in other words, configures the threshold of the second parameter) for the terminal device based on a changed scenario by using the second information. Then, the terminal device determines a PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, a corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, and sends a PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern. The network device determines the PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, the corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, receives the PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern, and performs phase noise estimation and compensation. As shown inFIG.10a, the network device may perform a configuration process for a plurality of times, andFIG.10aonly shows an example in which the configuration process is performed twice.

For example, a method in which the network device configures the value set of the second parameter according to the method d2 is used as an example for description. In a PTRS transmission procedure shown inFIG.10b, the terminal device first reports a plurality of recommended value sets of the second parameter by using the first information (where this is implemented by reporting the recommended threshold). Then, the network device configures the value set of the second parameter (in other words, configures the threshold of the second parameter) for the terminal device based on a current scenario by using the third information and the fourth information. Then, the terminal device determines a PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, a corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, and sends a PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern. The network device determines the PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, the corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, receives the PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern, and performs phase noise estimation and compensation. Then, because the scenario changes, the previous configuration of the network device no longer matches a channel, and the network device reconfigures the value set of the second parameter (in other words, configures the threshold of the second parameter) for the terminal device based on a changed scenario by using the fourth information, or reconfigures the value set of the second parameter (in other words, configures the threshold of the second parameter) for the terminal device by using the third information and the fourth information. Then, the terminal device determines a PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, a corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, and sends a PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern. The network device determines the PTRS pattern based on the configured value set of the second parameter, the corresponding PTRS pattern set, and the value of the second parameter, receives the PTRS based on the determined PTRS pattern, and performs phase noise estimation and compensation. As shown inFIG.10b, the network device may perform a configuration process for a plurality of times.FIG.10bonly shows an example in which configuration is performed based on the fourth information twice.

It should be noted that the foregoing examples are all described by using an example in which the second parameter is the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device. Optionally, when the second parameter is the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device and the MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is that the PTRS pattern is related to both the scheduled bandwidth and the MCS, or the PTRS pattern is determined by both the scheduled bandwidth and the MCS. For example, Table 4 below shows an example of a correspondence between a scheduled bandwidth and an MCS and a PTRS pattern. “None” indicates that the PTRS is not mapped, the PTRS does not exist, or there is no PTRS.

As shown in Table 4, in a same MCS interval, different scheduled bandwidths may correspond to different PTRS patterns. For example, in [MCS1, MCS2), a PTRS pattern corresponding to [NRB1, NRB2) is [4, 2], and a pattern corresponding to [NRB3, NRB4) is [8, 2]. For another example, in a same scheduled bandwidth interval, different MCSs may correspond to different PTRS patterns. For example, in [NRB3, NRB4), a PTRS pattern corresponding to [MCS1, MCS2) is [8, 2], and a PTRS pattern corresponding to [MCS0, MCS1) is [4, 4].

It should be noted that Table 4 is merely an example, and there are other possible cases, and the cases are not listed one by one herein.

Step902: The network device determines the first PTRS pattern.

The PTRS pattern determined by the network device may be the same as that determined by the terminal device. This embodiment may be described by using the first PTRS pattern as an example.

In an optional implementation, a method for the network device to determine the first PTRS pattern may be: The network device determines that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold; and the network device determines the first PTRS pattern based on the value of the second parameter and the first correspondence. For descriptions of the first correspondence, refer to related content in step901, and details are not described herein again.

Optionally, when determining that the value of the first parameter is less than or equal to the first threshold, the network device determines the second PTRS pattern based on the value of the second parameter and the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence, and subsequently receives the PTRS based on the second PTRS pattern. For descriptions of the third correspondence or the fourth correspondence, refer to related content in step901, and details are not described herein again.

For related descriptions when the value of the first parameter may be greater than or equal to the first threshold or the value of the first parameter may be less than the first threshold, refer to related descriptions in step901, and details are not described herein again.

Similarly, a method for the network device to determine the first PTRS pattern based on the value of the second parameter and the first correspondence is similar to a method for the terminal device to determine the first PTRS pattern based on the value of the second parameter and the first correspondence, and mutual reference may be made. Details are not described herein again.

Step903: The terminal device and the network device transmit the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern.

That the terminal device transmits the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern is that the terminal device sends the PTRS to the network device based on the first PTRS pattern.

That the network device transmits the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern is that the network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the first PTRS pattern.

In an optional implementation, when the network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the first PTRS pattern, the network device may select different phase noise estimation algorithms based on actual situations to perform phase noise estimation. For example, when a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or the MCS are/is greater than a preset threshold (that is, the SNR and/or the MCS are/is high, and impact of noise on estimation precision is less than that of the receive window advance), the network device may perform phase noise estimation on each PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern, and perform interpolation (in other words, perform inter-group interpolation) between obtained results of PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result. For another example, when an SNR and/or the MCS are/is less than or equal to a preset threshold (that is, the SNR and/or the MCS are/is low, and impact of noise on estimation precision is greater than that of the receive window advance), the network device may sequentially perform phase noise joint estimation or combined estimation on every two consecutive PTRS groups in the first PTRS pattern, and perform interpolation between obtained results of every two consecutive PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result. For example, joint estimation is performed on a group 1 and a group 2 to obtain a phase noise estimation value θ1, and joint estimation is performed on a group 3 and a group 4 to obtain another phase noise estimation value θ2. Then, based on θ1 and θ2, interpolation is performed to obtain a phase noise estimation value experienced by data between a center point of the group 1 and the group 2 and a center point of the group 3 and the group 4. Two full-symbol phase noise estimation results may also be obtained according to the foregoing two methods, and a result with better performance is selected as a final result.

According to the PTRS transmission method provided in this embodiment, the terminal device and the network device may determine a required PTRS pattern from a PTRS pattern set in which none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, so that none of all PTRS groups in the determined PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to reduce impact of a parameter, for example, the receive window advance, on precision of phase noise estimated based on a PTRS. In this way, when the PTRS is transmitted based on the PTRS pattern, demodulation performance can be improved, and spectral efficiency can be improved.

It should be noted that PTRS transmission described above is an uplink transmission process. In a downlink transmission process, when the network device sends the PTRS to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives the PTRS from the network device, the terminal device has the receive window advance. Different from the uplink transmission process, the terminal device needs to report the receive window advance to the network device. Another solution for determining the PTRS pattern is similar to the method in the uplink transmission process, and mutual reference may be made. Details are not described herein again.

FIG.11shows another phase tracking reference signal transmission method according to an embodiment. The method is applicable to the communication system shown inFIG.7. A procedure of the method may include the following steps.

Step1101: A first device determines a third PTRS pattern based on a value of a second parameter and a fifth correspondence, where the fifth correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern; the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in an OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points.

The first device is a network device or a terminal device.

The second parameter is a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device; or the second parameter is a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device and an MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

Step1102: When at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, and the first device determines that a value of a first parameter is greater than a first threshold, the first device determines a fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern and transmits the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern.

That at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol may be: at least one sampling point in at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a last sampling point or a last QAM symbol of the OFDM symbol; or a distance between at least one sampling point in at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol and a last sampling point or a last QAM symbol of the OFDM symbol is less than or equal to a preset distance threshold.

Step1103: When determining that the value of the first parameter is less than or equal to the first threshold, the first device transmits the PTRS based on the third PTRS pattern.

For related descriptions of the first parameter and that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, or that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold, refer to related descriptions in the embodiment shown inFIG.9, and details are not described herein again.

In an optional implementation, the network device sends the value of the first parameter to the terminal device; or the network device sends seventh information to the terminal device, where the seventh information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold. In this way, the terminal device may determine, based on the information sent by the network device, whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

When the first device is the terminal device, that the first device transmits the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern may be: The terminal device sends the PTRS to the network device based on the fourth PTRS pattern; or when the first device is the network device, that the first device transmits the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern may be: The network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the fourth PTRS pattern.

Similarly, when the first device is the terminal device, that the first device transmits the PTRS based on the third PTRS pattern may be: The terminal device sends the PTRS to the network device based on the third PTRS pattern; or when the first device is the network device, that the first device transmits the PTRS based on the third PTRS pattern may be: The network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the third PTRS pattern.

In an optional implementation, a method for the first device to determine the fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern may be: The first device adjusts a quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern and/or a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group, to obtain the fourth PTRS pattern.

For example, the first device may determine the fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern in any one of the following three methods.

Method e1: The first device multiplies the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by A and divides a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern by A, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern and a quantity of PTRS sampling points included in each PTRS group, where A is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Method e2: The first device increases the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by B, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and uses a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern as a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where a distribution distance between last two PTRS groups in the second PTRS pattern is greater than a second threshold, and B is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Method e3: The first device increases the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by K, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, keeps a quantity of PTRS sampling points in first H-2 PTRS groups to be the quantity of sampling points in the PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern and unchanged, and divides a quantity of sampling points in a last PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern by L to obtain a quantity of PTRS sampling points in last two PTRS groups, to obtain a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where a distribution distance between the last two PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern is greater than a third threshold, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1, L is an integer greater than or equal to 2, H is the quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and H is a positive integer greater than 2.

Optionally, the second threshold and the third threshold each are positively correlated to the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device. That is, a larger scheduled bandwidth indicates a larger second threshold and a larger third threshold.

It should be noted that, for the fourth PTRS pattern determined according to the foregoing method, when the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the PTRS group in the determined fourth PTRS pattern is 2, one PTRS group is still mapped to a middle of each of gaps whose quantity is the same as a quantity of PTRS groups obtained through division, so that there is no PTRS group at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to reduce impact of a receive window advance. When the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the PTRS group in the determined fourth PTRS pattern is still 4, there is still one PTRS group distributed at the tail of the OFDM symbol. However, because the quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern is greater than that in the third PTRS pattern, and it is ensured that the distribution distance between the last two PTRS groups is greater than a threshold, even if there is one PTRS group at the tail of the OFDM symbol, the receive window advance does not affect phase noise estimation of an entire PTRS signal.

For example,FIG.12is a flowchart of PTRS transmission. The first device first determines, according to a current method (for example, a method for determining a PTRS pattern based on a current scheduled bandwidth and the correspondence between a scheduled bandwidth and a PTRS pattern shown in Table 1), an initial PTRS pattern of [Ng0, Ns0] (such as the third PTRS pattern), and when Ns is equal to 4, determines whether the receive window advance is greater than or equal to the first threshold. If the receive window advance is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first device determines [Ng1, Ns1] (such as the fourth PTRS pattern) according to any one of the foregoing methods e1to e3and transmits the PTRS based on the determined [Ng1, Ns1]; otherwise, the first device directly transmits the PTRS based on [Ng0, Ns0]. InFIG.12, an example in which the first parameter is the receive window advance is used as an example.

For example, that the initial PTRS pattern is [Ng0, Ns0]=[4, 4] is used as an example, and a schematic diagram of mapping is shown in (a) inFIG.13. Processes of determining [Ng1, Ns1] according to the foregoing methods e1to e3are separately as follows:

In the method e1, that A is 2 is used as an example for description: [Ng1, Ns1]=[Ng0*2, Ns0/2]=[8, 2], and then the PTRS pattern is mapped according to a rule of Ns=2. A schematic diagram of mapping of a PTRS pattern of [8, 2] is shown in (b) inFIG.13.

In the method e2, that B is 1 is used as an example for description: [Ng1, Ns1]=[Ng0+1, Ns0]=[5, 4], and one PTRS group may be added in front of a last group of an original PTRS, where a distribution distance between the newly added PTRS group and the last PTRS group is greater than the second threshold. For example, a schematic diagram of mapping of a PTRS pattern of [5, 4] is shown in (c) inFIG.13.

In the method e3, that K is 1 and L is 2 is used as an example for description: Ng1=Ng0+1=5, in first Ng0−1=3 groups, Ns1=Ns0=4, and in last two groups, Ns1=Ns0/2=2. The last PTRS group may be split into two PTRS groups, where in first three groups, Ns1=4, and in latter two groups, Ns1=2. The last group is located at a tail of a DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and a distribution distance between a second last group and the last group is greater than the third threshold. For example, a schematic diagram of mapping of a PTRS pattern of [5, {4, 2}] is shown in (d) inFIG.13.

It should be noted that the obtained value of [Ng1, Ns1] is merely an example, and Ns1 may alternatively be 3, or the like. This is not limited.

It should be noted that the foregoing methods e1to e3are merely examples of methods, and there may be another method. This is not limited.

Before the terminal device and the network device determine the third PTRS pattern, the terminal device may report the value set of the second parameter to the network device based on an existing procedure in the standard TR38822, for example, the five value sets of the scheduled bandwidth in Table 1. Alternatively, the network device may configure the value set of the second parameter for the terminal device based on an existing procedure in the standard TR38822, for example, the five value sets of the scheduled bandwidth in Table 1.

In an optional implementation, when the network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device based on the fourth PTRS pattern, the network device may select different phase noise estimation algorithms based on actual situations to perform phase noise estimation. For example, when a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or the MCS are/is greater than a preset threshold (that is, the SNR and/or the MCS are/is high, and impact of noise on estimation precision is less than that of the receive window advance), the network device may perform phase noise estimation on each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, and perform interpolation (in other words, perform inter-group interpolation) between obtained results of PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result. For another example, when an SNR and/or the MCS are/is less than or equal to a preset threshold (that is, the SNR and/or the MCS are/is low, and impact of noise on estimation precision is greater than that of the receive window advance), the network device may sequentially perform phase noise joint estimation or combined estimation on every two consecutive PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and perform interpolation between obtained results of every two consecutive PTRS groups, to obtain a full-symbol phase noise estimation result. For example, joint estimation is performed on a group 1 and a group 2 to obtain a phase noise estimation value θ1, and joint estimation is performed on a group 3 and a group 4 to obtain another phase noise estimation value θ2. Then, based on θ1 and θ2, interpolation is performed to obtain a phase noise estimation value experienced by data between a center point of the group 1 and the group 2 and a center point of the group 3 and the group 4. For another example, if the method e3is used, phase noise joint estimation may be performed on the last two PTRS groups. If the method e2or the method e3is used, an estimation result of the last PTRS group may be discarded. Two full-symbol phase noise estimation results may also be obtained according to the foregoing two methods, and a result with better performance is selected as a final result.

According to the PTRS transmission method provided in this embodiment, when a PTRS group in the determined PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, the terminal device and the network device can further determine a new PTRS pattern, to reduce impact of the receive window advance on PTRS phase noise estimation, ensure phase noise estimation performance of the PTRS, so that demodulation performance and spectral efficiency are improved.

It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiment, a new PTRS pattern or a new PTRS pattern determining method is defined, so that when there is the impact of the receive window advance, none of all PTRS groups in the determined PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to reduce the impact of the receive window advance on the PTRS phase noise estimation. It should be understood that, to achieve the foregoing objective, another method may also be used. For example, a new PTRS mapping rule may be defined for a PTRS pattern in which a quantity of sampling points in a PTRS group is 4.

For example, when a quantity of sampling points in a PTRS group in the determined PTRS pattern is 4, all PTRS groups in the PTRS pattern may be mapped to headers of gaps. Alternatively, mapping may be performed according to a mapping rule of a PTRS pattern in which a quantity of sampling points in a group is 2, that is, all PTRS groups are mapped to middles of gaps. Alternatively, a position of a last PTRS group may be moved, so that a distance between the last PTRS group in the PTRS pattern and the tail of the OFDM symbol (for example, the last sampling point or the last QAM symbol of the OFDM symbol) is greater than a preset threshold.

Based on the foregoing embodiments, an embodiment further provides a phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus. As shown inFIG.14, the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400may include a transceiver unit1401and a processing unit1402. The transceiver unit1401is used by the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400to transmit a PTRS, and the processing unit1402is configured to control and manage an action of the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400. The processing unit1402may further control steps performed by the transceiver unit1401.

For example, the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400may be the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments, a processor in the terminal device, a chip or a chip system, a functional module, or the like. Alternatively, the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400may be the network device in the foregoing embodiments, a processor in the network device, a chip or a chip system, a functional module, or the like.

In an embodiment, that the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400is configured to implement functions of the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9may include the following.

The processing unit1402is configured to determine a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) pattern, where the first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, the first PTRS pattern set includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol; the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points. The transceiver unit1401is configured to: transmit the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern, in other words, receive the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern.

In an optional implementation, when determining the first PTRS pattern, the processing unit1402may be configured to: determine that a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance; and determine the first PTRS pattern based on a value of a second parameter and a first correspondence, where the first correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence are the same as the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set.

In an optional implementation, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the first PTRS pattern, receive first information from the terminal device, where the first information indicates a value set of the second parameter in a recommended second correspondence, a quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set.

In an example, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the first PTRS pattern, send second information to the terminal device, where the second information indicates the value set of the second parameter in the second correspondence, the quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is the correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set.

In another example, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the first PTRS pattern, send third information to the terminal device, where the third information indicates a plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and a quantity of value sets of the second parameter in each group is greater than 5.

Further, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: send fourth information to the terminal device, where the fourth information indicates a group of value sets of the second parameter, the group of value sets of the second parameter is one of the plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and the group of value sets of the second parameter includes the value sets of the second parameter in the first correspondence.

Optionally, the processing unit1402is further configured to: send the value of the first parameter to the terminal device; send fifth information to the terminal device, where when the fifth information is a first value, the fifth information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold; or send sixth information to the terminal device, where the sixth information indicates the first correspondence.

In another embodiment, that the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400is configured to implement functions of the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9may include the following.

The processing unit1402is configured to determine a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) pattern, where the first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, the first PTRS pattern set includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol; the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points. The transceiver unit1401is configured to: transmit the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern, in other words, send the PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern.

In an optional implementation, when determining the first PTRS pattern, the processing unit1402may be configured to: determine a correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as a first correspondence, where the first correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence are the same as the plurality of PTRS patterns included in the first PTRS pattern set; and determine the first PTRS pattern based on a value of the second parameter and the first correspondence.

In an optional implementation, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: receive a value of a first parameter from the network device; receive fifth information from the network device, where when the fifth information is a first value, the fifth information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold; or receive sixth information from the network device, where the sixth information indicates that the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern is the first correspondence.

For example, when determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the processing unit1402may be configured to: after the transceiver unit1401receives the value of the first parameter from the network device, and it is determined that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, determine the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance; if the fifth information is the first value, and the fifth information indicates that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, determine the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence; or determine, based on the sixth information, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

Optionally, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, send first information to the network device, where the first information indicates a value set of the second parameter in a recommended second correspondence, a quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set.

In an example, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, receive second information from the network device, where the second information indicates the value set of the second parameter in the second correspondence, the quantity of value sets of the second parameter is greater than 5, the second correspondence is the correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include the first PTRS pattern set. When determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the processing unit1402may be configured to: determine, based on the value set that is of the second parameter and that is indicated by the second information, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

In another example, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, receive third information from the network device, where the third information indicates a plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and a quantity of value sets of the second parameter in each group is greater than 5.

Further, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: before the processing unit1402determines the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, receive fourth information from the network device, where the fourth information indicates a group of value sets of the second parameter, the group of value sets of the second parameter is one of the plurality of groups of value sets of the second parameter, and the group of value sets of the second parameter includes the value sets of the second parameter in the first correspondence. When determining the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence, the processing unit1402may be configured to: determine, based on the group of value sets that is of the second parameter and that is indicated by the fourth information, the correspondence between a value set of a second parameter and a PTRS pattern as the first correspondence.

The following descriptions maybe applicable to both of the foregoing two embodiments.

When none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, an embodiment includes: no sampling point in a last PTRS group in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol of the OFDM symbol; or a distance between any sampling point in a last PTRS group in each PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol and a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol of the OFDM symbol is greater than a preset distance threshold.

For example, a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group in any one of the plurality of PTRS patterns is not equal to 4.

Optionally, the second parameter is a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device; or the second parameter is a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device and a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

In an example, the first parameter further includes a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

In another example, when determining that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the processing unit1402may be configured to: determine that a value of a receive window advance corresponding to a first modulation and coding scheme MCS is greater than or equal to the first threshold, where the first MCS is one of a plurality of MCSs configured by the network device for the terminal device, and thresholds of values of receive window advances corresponding to the plurality of MCSs are different.

Optionally, the plurality of PTRS patterns in the second correspondence include a plurality of PTRS patterns in a third correspondence, and the value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence is different from a value set of the second parameter in the third correspondence.

For example, the value set of the second parameter in the first correspondence is the same as a value set of the second parameter in a fourth correspondence, and at least one of the plurality of PTRS patterns in the first correspondence is different from at least one of a plurality of PTRS patterns in the fourth correspondence; and the fourth correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, and the fourth correspondence is a correspondence used when the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold.

In still another embodiment, that the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400is configured to implement functions of the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11may include the following.

The processing unit1402is configured to: determine a third PTRS pattern based on a value of a second parameter and a fifth correspondence, where the fifth correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points; and when at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, and it is determined that a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determine a fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern. The transceiver unit1401is configured to: transmit the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern, in other words, transmit the PTRS and receive the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance.

In an optional implementation, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: send the value of the first parameter to the terminal device; or send seventh information to the terminal device, where the seventh information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

In an optional implementation, the processing unit1402is further configured to determine that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold. The transceiver unit1401is further configured to: when the processing unit1402determines that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold, transmit (in other words, receive) the PTRS based on the third PTRS pattern.

In still another embodiment, that the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1400is configured to implement functions of the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11may include the following.

The processing unit1402is configured to: determine a third PTRS pattern based on a value of a second parameter and a fifth correspondence, where the fifth correspondence is a correspondence between a plurality of value sets of the second parameter and a plurality of PTRS patterns, each value set corresponds to one type of PTRS pattern, the PTRS pattern indicates a distribution rule of a PTRS in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points; and when at least one PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol, and it is determined that a value of a first parameter is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determine a fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern. The transceiver unit1401is configured to: transmit the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern, in other words, transmit the PTRS and send the PTRS based on the fourth PTRS pattern, where the first parameter includes a receive window advance.

In an optional implementation, the transceiver unit1401is further configured to: receive the value of the first parameter from the network device; or receive and send seventh information from the network device, where the seventh information indicates whether the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold.

In an optional implementation, the processing unit1402is further configured to determine that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold. The transceiver unit1401is further configured to: when the processing unit1402determines that the value of the first parameter is less than the first threshold, transmit (in other words, send) the PTRS based on the third PTRS pattern.

The following descriptions may be applicable to both of the foregoing two embodiments.

In an optional implementation, when determining the fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern, the processing unit1402may be configured to: adjust a quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern and/or a quantity of PTRS sampling points in a PTRS group, to obtain the fourth PTRS pattern.

For example, when determining the fourth PTRS pattern based on the third PTRS pattern, the processing unit1402may be configured to: multiply the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by A, and divide a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern by A, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern and a quantity of PTRS sampling points included in each PTRS group, where A is an integer greater than or equal to 2; increase the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by B, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and use a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern as a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where a distribution distance between last two PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern is greater than a second threshold, and B is an integer greater than or equal to 1; or increase the quantity of PTRS groups in the third PTRS pattern by K, to obtain a quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, keep a quantity of PTRS sampling points in first H-2 PTRS groups to be the quantity of PTRS sampling points in the PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern and unchanged, and divide a quantity of sampling points in a last PTRS group in the third PTRS pattern by L to obtain a quantity of PTRS sampling points in last two PTRS groups, to obtain a quantity of PTRS sampling points in each PTRS group in the fourth PTRS pattern, where a distribution distance between the last two PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern is greater than a third threshold, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1, L is an integer greater than or equal to 2, H is the quantity of PTRS groups in the fourth PTRS pattern, and H is a positive integer greater than 2.

Optionally, the second threshold and the third threshold each are positively correlated to a scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device.

The second parameter may be the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device or the second parameter may be the scheduled bandwidth configured by the network device for the terminal device and a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

In an example, the first parameter further includes a modulation and coding scheme MCS configured by the network device for the terminal device.

In another example, when determining that the value of the first parameter is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the processing unit1402may be configured to: determine that a value of a receive window advance corresponding to a first modulation and coding scheme MCS is greater than or equal to the first threshold, where the first MCS is one of a plurality of MCSs configured by the network device for the terminal device, and thresholds of values of receive window advances corresponding to the plurality of MCSs are different.

For example, that at least one PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol includes: at least one sampling point in at least one PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol is located at a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol of the OFDM symbol; or a distance between at least one sampling point in at least one PTRS group in the first PTRS pattern in the OFDM symbol and a last sampling point or a last modulation symbol of the OFDM symbol is less than or equal to a preset distance threshold.

It should be noted that, in the embodiments, division into the units is an example, and is merely logical function division. During actual implementation, another division manner may be used. Functional units in the embodiments may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware or may be implemented in a form of a software functional unit.

When the integrated unit is implemented in the form of the software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, the integrated unit may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the embodiments may be implemented in a form of a software product. The computer software product may be stored in a non-transitory storage medium and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) or a processor to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in embodiments. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.

Based on the foregoing embodiments, an embodiment further provides a phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus. As shown inFIG.15, the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500may include a transceiver1501and a processor1502. Optionally, the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500may further include a memory1503. The memory1503may be disposed inside the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500or may be disposed outside the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500. The processor1502may control the transceiver1501to receive and send information, a signal, data, or the like.

The processor1502may be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), or a combination of the CPU and the NP. The processor1502may further include a hardware chip. The foregoing hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

The transceiver1501, the processor1502, and the memory1503are connected to each other. Optionally, the transceiver1501, the processor1502, and the memory1503are connected to each other through a bus1504. The bus1504may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus, an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The bus may be classified into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used inFIG.15for representation, but it does not indicate that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

In an optional implementation, the memory1503is configured to store a program and the like. The program may include program code, and the program code includes computer operation instructions. The memory1503may include a RAM or may further include a non-volatile memory, for example, one or more magnetic disk memories. The processor1502executes the application program stored in the memory1503to implement the foregoing functions, to implement the functions of the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500.

For example, the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500may be the terminal device in the foregoing embodiments or may be the network device in the foregoing embodiments.

In an embodiment, when the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500implements a function of the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9, the transceiver1501may implement sending and receiving operations performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9; and the processor1502may implement an operation performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9other than the sending and receiving operations. For related descriptions, refer to the related descriptions in the embodiment shown inFIG.9. Details are not described herein again.

In another embodiment, when the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500implements a function of the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9, the transceiver1501may implement sending and receiving operations performed by the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9; and the processor1502may implement an operation performed by the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.9other than the sending and receiving operations. For related descriptions, refer to the related descriptions in the embodiment shown inFIG.9. Details are not described herein again.

In still another embodiment, when the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500implements a function of the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11, the transceiver1501may implement sending and receiving operations performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11; and the processor1502may implement an operation performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11other than the sending and receiving operations. For related descriptions, refer to the related descriptions in the embodiment shown inFIG.11. Details are not described herein again.

In still another embodiment, when the phase tracking reference signal transmission apparatus1500implements a function of the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11, the transceiver1501may implement sending and receiving operations performed by the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11; and the processor1502may implement an operation performed by the network device in the embodiment shown inFIG.11other than the sending and receiving operations. For related descriptions, refer to the related descriptions in the embodiment shown inFIG.11. Details are not described herein again.

Based on the foregoing embodiments, an embodiment provides a communication system. The communication system may include the terminal device, the network device, and the like in the foregoing embodiments.

An embodiment further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is configured to store a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in the foregoing method embodiments.

An embodiment further provides a computer program product. The computer program product is configured to store a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in the foregoing method embodiments.

An embodiment further provides a chip, including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and is configured to invoke a program in the memory, so that the chip implements the phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in the foregoing method embodiments.

An embodiment further provides a chip, where the chip is coupled to a memory, and the chip is configured to implement the phase tracking reference signal transmission method provided in the foregoing method embodiments.

A person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the scope of the embodiments. Therefore, is the embodiments are intended to cover these modifications and variations.