A self-contained rotary hydraulic belt tensioner. The tensioner includes a housing mounted for eccentric rotation about a shaft and biased in a first angular direction to apply tension to a timing belt, and a hydraulic element within the housing which is operable to resist rotation of the housing in a direction opposite the first angular direction. The hydraulic element acts against a cam which is received within the housing, a rotary seal acting between the shaft and the housing being effective to contain the oil supply for the hydraulic element within the housing.

This invention relates to timing belt tensioners for internal combustion 
engines, and more particularly to a self-contained, hydraulic, rotary belt 
tensioner. 
Rotary belt tensioners, wherein an eccentric pulley is spring-loaded into 
engagement with a drive belt are well known in the art. When such a belt 
tensioner is applied to the timing belt of an internal combustion engine 
it is also known to incorporate a hydraulic slack adjusting element within 
the tensioner such that the combined spring and hydraulic force maintains 
a predetermined tension in the belt, a check valve in the hydraulic 
element preventing retraction of the output element of the tensioner when 
the force of the belt exceeds the spring force under certain engine 
operating conditions. An example of such a tensioner is shown in U.S. Pat. 
No. 5,186,689. 
One of the requirements of a hydraulic belt tensioner in an engine timing 
belt application in that the hydraulic element must have a self-contained 
oil supply since no engine oil can be permitted to contact the belt. 
Several problem areas can arise in the design of a self-contained, 
hydraulic, rotary belt tensioner, which have not been fully solved by 
prior art designs. One such problem is that of reliability in the use of 
sliding seals to contain the oil supply for the hydraulic unit, and 
another is the need to accommodate for the change in volume which occurs 
with movement of the operating piston or plunger of the hydraulic element. 
The present invention seeks to solve the above problems by providing a 
rotary belt tensioner which incorporates a cam-operated hydraulic element 
which is located within an eccentric housing on which the belt pulley is 
mounted, and wherein a rotary seal contains the oil supply for the 
hydraulic element.

Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a belt tensioner assembly 10 
attached to an internal combustion engine (not shown) in position to 
maintain tension in a toothed timing belt 12 connecting the crankshaft 14 
of the engine to one or more camshafts 16. 
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the tensioner 10 comprises a base member 18 
which is bolted to the engine, a housing 20 which is mounted for rotation 
eccentrically about a shaft 22 integral with the base member, a torsion 
spring 24 acting between the base and the housing, a cam 26 mounted in 
fixed relation to the shaft 22, and a hydraulic element 28 received within 
a radial bore 30 formed in the housing and in engagement with the cam. A 
pulley 31, which engages the belt 12 and which can include an integral 
anti-friction bearing assembly as shown in FIG. 2, is press fit onto the 
housing 20. (It should be noted that FIG. 3 shows the tensioner assembly 
with the pulley removed). 
The housing 20 has a blind bore 32 formed eccentrically therein which 
receives the shaft 22. A lip seal 34 is received in a groove formed in the 
housing and acts against the shaft. The torsion spring 24 is received 
between the base member 18 and the housing 20 and is maintained in 
position by means of a pin 36 received in the base member and a similar 
pin (not shown) received in the housing. As viewed in FIG. 3, the spring 
biases the housing 20 counterclockwise to maintain the pulley 31 in 
tensioning engagement with the belt. 
The cam 26 is received over a portion of the shaft 22 which has flats 38, 
39 formed thereon and is retained axially in one direction by the full 
diameter portion of the shaft and in the other direction by a retaining 
ring 40 received over the shaft. The cam thus remains in the fixed 
position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. 
The hydraulic element 28 comprises a plunger 42 received within the bore 
30, a spring 44 acting between the plunger and the end of the bore 30, and 
a check ball 46 in the plunger. The plunger is formed with a blind bore 48 
in which the spring 44 is received and has a through bore 50 formed 
therein which is counterbored at 51 to define a seat for the check ball. 
The check ball is retained by an offset portion 53 of the last coil of the 
spring. The bore 30 is sealed by a plug 52 which is press fit into the 
bore. 
The volume within the housing is filled with oil, the volume under the 
plunger 42 defining a low pressure chamber 43 and the volume above the 
plunger defining a high pressure chamber 45. 
To provide clearance for relative movement between the cam and the housing, 
an angled counterbore 54 is formed in the body of the housing in the plane 
of the bore 30 and a cylindrical relief 56 is formed in the housing 
coaxial with the bore 32. 
OPERATION 
As described above, the pulley 31 rotates freely about the housing 20 which 
pivots eccentrically about the base 18. Static tension is applied to the 
belt 12 by the torsion spring 24 through the eccentric rotation of the 
housing produced by the spring bias. As tension in the belt exceeds the 
force of the torsion spring because of variations in camshaft torque, the 
housing 20 rotates clockwise as viewed in FIG. 3, contact between the 
plunger and the cam causing the plunger to move upward increasing the 
pressure in the high pressure chamber 45 and causing the check ball 46 to 
close on its seat. The oil in the high pressure chamber thus supports the 
plunger providing a force through the cam which prevents further clockwise 
rotation of the housing relative to the base and maintains tension in the 
belt 12. 
When the belt tension no longer exceeds the force of the torsion spring 24, 
the housing 20 rotates counter clockwise as viewed in FIG. 3. As this 
rotation occurs, the plunger spring 44 causes the plunger to move downward 
following the cam contour, reducing the pressure in chamber 45 and 
allowing the check ball to open to allow oil to flow into the chamber. 
Since the plunger of the hydraulic element acts on the cam internally to 
produce the relative eccentric rotation between the housing and the cam in 
response to excessive belt tension, there is no change in volume within 
the housing; therefore it is not necessary to provide volume compensation 
as there is in prior art devices.