Lining method and system for high temperature spaces

A procedure for lining spaces with high temperatures, in which the surfaces of the space are lined with fibrous lining material in which the fibers are mainly parallel with planes at right angles against the surface of the space. In the procedure, loose, separate, plate-like fiber strips (1) are used which are disposed side-by-side relative to each other in an installation position to form a transport/application package (2). A fixing compound (3) is applied as a layer upon the edges of the side-by-side strips advantageously over the whole area of one strip layer (4) of the transport/application package. From the package is taken a suitable bunch of strips treated with fixing compound, this bunch being pressed onto the surface of the space at the point of installation and compressed to suitable compactness. The whole surface to be treated is lined, one bunch at a time with fiber strips treated with fixing compound, the bunches being of suitable size depending on the size and shape of the object of installation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention concerns a procedure for lining spaces with high 
temperatures and a system for lining spaces with high temperatures. 
The state of art in the field of the present invention in presented in the 
Finnish Patent 86668 and in the published applications DE 2709958 and DE 
3533982. The procedures and systems of prior art are based on various 
modules and elements of standard size, which are suitably cemented, or in 
any other way attached, to the surface being lined. Since the surfaces 
which are lined are of greatly varying shapes in individual instances, one 
is invariably compelled to cut and shape the elements and modules. The 
manufacturing costs of different elements and modules are also rather 
high, particularly when they have to be produced in different sizes and 
shapes to suit different applications. Furthermore, the prior art suffers 
from the drawback of inconvenient repairability and serviceability of the 
structures because the entire element or module has to be replaced if part 
of it is damaged. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The object of the intention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentioned above. 
Specifically, the object of the invention is to disclose a novel procedure 
and system for lining spaces with high temperatures by the aid of which 
the lining work is fast, flexible and simple, independent of the 
dimensions and shapes of the surface which is being lined, in which the 
material cost is substantially lower than in prior art, and in which the 
repair and service operations are simple and easy to implement. 
Regarding the features characterizing the invention, reference is made to 
the claims section. 
In the procedure for lining spaces with high temperatures of the invention 
the most essential feature is that no solid, large fiber strip bunches or 
other elements are used, but instead loose, separate and plate-like fiber 
strips are used, which are disposed side by side with reference to each 
other in installation position to form a transport/application package. 
This enables the fixing compound to be applied as a layer on the edges of 
mutually adjacent fiber strips, advantageously in one run on the whole 
area of one fiber layer in the transport/application package, whereby it 
becomes possible to take of the fibers treated with fixing compound in 
each case an appropriate bunch of required size, which is pressed to 
adherence to the surface of the space at the point of installation and 
pressed down to desired compactness. In this way, in the procedure of the 
invention, depending on size and shape of the object of installation, from 
the transport/application package is in each instance taken a bunch of 
suitable size of the fiber strips treated with fixing compound and these 
are pressed onto the surface to be lined, at the desired point. 
The system of the invention comprises transport/application packages of 
fibrous lining material strips in which the loose and separate fiber 
strips are packed tightly side by side to constitute a top surface of the 
package which is coherent of its edges and level, this surface 
constituting the mating surface for the space to be processed by lining. 
Hereby, application of the fixing compound on the top surface of the 
package enables the strips to be taken from the package in suitable 
batches, of freely selectable size, and lifted out and affixed to the 
surface of the space to be treated which has to be lined. 
It is thus understood that in the procedure and system of the invention the 
transport/application packages are conveyed directly to the mounting site, 
where they are opened and cementing mortar or equivalent fixing agent is 
applied directly on the edge surface of the fiber strips in the package, 
the treated fiber strips being affixed in suitable bunches directly to the 
object of installation. 
The procedure and system of the invention enable a highly flexible and fast 
lining process in which the need of cutting and shaping the lining 
material at the site of installation has been minimized. Furthermore, 
repair and servicing operations are simple in the system because large 
elements or modules need never be removed from the lined surfaces: it is 
merely necessary to remove any damaged strips and to replace them. In 
comparison with techniques of prior art, the procedure and system of the 
invention are appropriate, owing to their versatility and flexibility, to 
be applied in all applications: it reacts elastically to thermal expansion 
and suffers no heat damage, its mechanical strength both in contact and in 
gas flows is good, the convenience, fastness and ease from the 
professional viewpoint of its installation are in a class of their own, it 
requires no special tools and it is moreover competitive as to its price.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 depicts the basic element used in the invention, i.e., one fiber 
strip 1 which is a body with the form of a rectangular parallelepipedon of 
e.g. 300, 450 or 600 mm length, 50 or 100 mm height and 10, 15 or 20 mm 
breadth consisting of fibrous insulating material, appropriate in each 
particular case. 
As depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fiber strips 1 are packed to form a 
transport/application package 2 in which the fiber strips, packed tightly 
side by side, form uniform fiber strip layers 4. The package may contain 
one or several courses, such as three courses in the embodiment of the 
figure. Advantageously, when the package comprises several fiber strip 
courses, at least one side 17 of the package can be opened so that at 
least one edge of the strip courses is exposed. Furthermore, 
advantageously, on the package have been provided dimensional markings 18, 
by the aid of which it is easy to take from the package fiber strip 
bunches of a given size, without separate measurement. 
As can be seen in FIG. 3, the fiber strip packages 2 are used by opening 
the package at least on the top side and by applying, at the immediate 
site of installation, on the top surface of the package a suitable fixing 
compound 3, advantageously over the entire top surface of the package, or 
over the topmost fiber strip course. Hereafter the top layer can be used 
by taking from it a fiber strip bunch of proper size in each instance and 
this can be pressed onto the surface which is being lined, at the desired 
point and in desired position. It is thus obvious that In the procedure 
and system of the invention no separate mounting tables or premises are 
required for material cutting or fixing compound handling: minor cutting 
operations that may be required, or shaping of the fibers, can be carried 
out in the fiber strip packing or not until at the place of installation, 
all wasting of material remaining minimal. 
In FIG. 4 is depicted a net-like base element 6, which can be used as 
mounting base for the fiber strips when the fibers cannot be attached 
directly to the surface which is being lined. In that case a base element 
6, consisting of metal netting and having on its upper margin a 
perpendicular reinforcing flange 19 extending over its entire length, is 
affixed in any suitable way, e.g. by welding or bolting, to the basic 
structure, and the fiber strips are fixed upon the net. 
It is equally conceivable that on the rear face of the base element 6 is 
attached a steel plate 8, which can then be welded to a suitable framework 
9, as in FIG. 5. The steel plate will thus constitute the outer wall of 
the space that is being lined. 
In FIG. 6 is depicted a lining construction according to the invention, 
wherein to the inner surface 20 of the space to be lined have first been 
attached plate-like base elements 6. To these elements has with a suitable 
fixing compound 3 been fixed a first fiber strip course 13, with the 
fibers substantially parallelling planes which are at right angles against 
the surface which is being lined. This first course 13 is comparatively 
thick and its heat resistance may be comparatively low. Upon the first 
course has been fixed with fixing compound 3 a second, somewhat thinner 
fiber strip course 12, which has higher resistance to heat than the first 
course, and upon this course is fixed a third fiber strip course 11, so 
selected as to its properties that it will withstand even the highest 
temperatures occurring in the space which is being lined. 
In addition, mechanical auxiliary fixing members 10 have been provided in 
the insulation structure and fixed to the base element 6, these members 
extending through all three insulating layers and ensuring adherence of 
the insulating layers to the base element, The construction also includes 
supports 14 extending through the insulating layer, from which e.g. 
electrical resistances 15 can be suspended. Advantageously, the supports 
rest on stays 16 consisting e.g. of refractory bricks, carried by the 
outermost insulating layer 11. This prevents the supports 14 from 
subsiding under the weight of the electrical resistances 15 and damaging 
the insulating material. 
In FIG. 7 is depicted another insulating structure according to the 
invention, wherein to the inner surface 21 of the space to be treated has 
first been attached a conventional mineral wool layer 22, and thereupon, 
two layers 11 and 12 of different thickness, which are fiber strip 
insulating courses according to the invention. This structure, too, 
comprises mechanical auxiliary fixing members 10 extending through the 
whole insulation thickness, by which the insulating materials are braced 
to the supporting structure of the space which is being lined. 
FIG. 8 depicts a third lining structure according to the invention, in 
which on the surface to be lined has first been installed a mineral wool 
layer 23, and upon this has been built a brick cladding 24 of refractory 
bricks. To this brick surface has been attached with fixing compound 3, 
for topmost insulating layer 11, a fiber strip course according to the 
invention. The fiber strip course has furthermore been coated with a 
surface layer 7, consisting of suitable refractory compound. 
In FIG. 9 is presented a finished lining construction implemented as taught 
by the invention, wherein the lining of a varying and multi-formed surface 
has been implemented using fiber strips of only two different lengths but 
of the same thickness and breadth. In this embodiment the first fiber 
strips 25 are e.g. 300 mm in length and the other type of fiber strips 26 
is 50% longer, i.e., 450 mm. 
In this embodiment around the aperture 27, short and long fiber strips have 
been used alternatingly one bunch at a time, so that the borders around 
the aperture become linked in a tight corner joint. Moreover, mechanical 
auxiliary fixing members 10 have been used in the marginal areas around 
the aperture, by which retention in their place of the insulating layers 
has been ensured. On the smooth wall surface the shorter fiber strip 
length has mainly been used, every time one bunch of strips with a breadth 
equalling the length of the fiber strip being fixed to the surface which 
is being lined, and thereafter one strip 28 transversel to the strips in 
the bunch being mounted on the end of the strip bunch, this strip 28 
serving to seal and straighten the package constituted by the strips, and 
to equalize the thermal movements in the structure. 
In FIG. 10 is presented a structural design according to the invention for 
insulating round-shaped surfaces. Since the individual, and separate, 
fiber strips are comparatively small, even a round-shaped surface can be 
lined for the greater part with whole fiber strips, while a minor part 
only have to be carved and cut off in order to fill every cavity. 
In the foregoing the invention has been described by way of example with 
the aid of the attached drawing, while various embodiments of the 
invention are feasible within the scope of the inventive idea delimited by 
the claims.