Interactive chargeable communication system with billing system therefor

A billing system for use in a chargeable program broadcasting is capable of reliably billing a subscriber for program reception while preventing unauthorized reception thereof. A receiving terminal includes a primary terminal 100 and a secondary terminal 150. The primary terminal 100 receives a compressed video signal and confirms by an error checker 113 thereof whether there is a transmission error and bills, by means of a billing device 114 thereof, the receiving subscriber on the basis of an error information and a program information, etc., separated from the video signal by a separation circuit 112. The compressed video data is time-axis multiplexed with a terminal identifying code and a key signal and transmitted to the secondary terminal 150. In the secondary terminal 150, a bill for the subscriber is confirmed by the terminal identifying code and the compressed data is decoded by a decoder circuit 166 thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an interactive, chargeable communication 
system with a billing system for chargeable program which may be obtained 
by compressing video or audio information, a character information, data 
or application program and transmitted from a multi-channel program 
communication service company, etc., through an interactive communication 
cable, ground wave, satellite wave or telephone line, etc., for the 
purpose of, for example, program request and home shopping, etc. 
Particularly, the present invention relates to a chargeable broadcasting 
system in which a user receiving a scrambled program can watch and/or hear 
a program by descrambling the program by using a dedicated decoder while 
paying therefor based on Pay-Per-View (PPV) system in which only program 
received by the user is billed. 
Beside the conventional ground broadcasting in which a program video is 
transmitted to respective homes through the use of VHF or UHF wave, a 
cable broadcasting for directly transmitting program from a relay 
transmitter to respective home terminals by using cables such as coaxial 
cables or optical cables extending therebetween is becoming popular and, 
particularly, a number of cable broadcasting enterprises are being 
established for providing multi-channel services owing to the fact that 
transmission of programs using communication satellites or broadcasting 
satellites becomes possible recently. 
Further, with developments of optical fiber technology, digital 
transmission technology and high efficiency coding technology, a 
communication service such as entertainment program delivery system, etc., 
which may substitute for the rental video and in which a desired program 
is viewed at desired time by program request using interactive 
communication cable, such as home shopping or Video-On-Demand (VOD) 
program, have been studied. 
Such cable broadcasting or VOD system transmits video signal through a 
coaxial cable, etc. Therefore, there is no radio fault such as ghost which 
occurs frequently in the program broadcasting using ground wave. Further, 
such system can be used for a re-transmission of a usual program delivered 
by using ground wave and for broadcastings specific to program delivery 
companies. 
Each viewer makes a contract with service companies of such as VOD and can 
view the re-transmission of program of the ground wave broadcasting 
supplied by cable broadcasting companies or service companies without 
radio fault by connecting a dedicated receiving terminal to his video 
signal display device such as television receiver. Further, it becomes 
possible to view film drama, various sports relayed and music programs 
from such companies without using any special equipment other than the 
dedicated terminal. Further, by connecting a video signal 
recording/reproducing apparatus such as VTR to the dedicated terminal, it 
is possible to record these programs. 
On the other hand, the service company transmits program video software to 
only the viewers who made contract with it. Therefore, for the service 
company, it is desired to provide their programs to only viewers which 
made contract with it and are chargeable. That is, any system according to 
which unauthorized viewers who did not make contract with a service 
company can view programs supplied by the company is not desired by the 
service company. In the conventional system, it is impossible for any one 
having no dedicated terminal to directly receive programs from such 
service company and view them on a television receiver. However, when a 
program received by a dedicated terminal is copied by using, for example, 
a VTR, the copy can be viewed easily by any one who has no dedicated 
terminal. That is, in the conventional system, it is impossible to prevent 
such unauthorized view of programs supplied from a service company. 
In the BS standard scrambling system disclosed in, for example, K. 
Kobayashi, "1-2 Scrambled Broadcasting by BS", the Journal of Television 
Engineers Society, Vol. 46, No. 4. pp. 387 to 391 (1992), a content of 
program is scrambled and a viewer who makes contract with a broadcasting 
company for each channel views it by descrambling the program by means of 
a dedicated decoder. 
The billing in the disclosed system is based on the Flat-Fee system in 
which a constant viewing fee is charged for all programs. On the other 
hand, there is another billing system called Pay-Per-View (PPV) in which a 
viewer views only program he wants to see and pays a fee for it. The PPV 
is classified to Pay-Per-Time (PPT) in which a viewer is charged for time 
for which he viewed the program and Pay-Per-Program (PPP) in which a 
viewer is charged for each program he viewed and the PPP is sub-classified 
to Video-On-Demand (VOD) in which program data requested by each viewer is 
transmitted to him and Near-Video-On-Demand (NVOD) in which a viewer 
selects any of channels on which a single program is continuously 
broadcasted with broadcasting time being shifted. 
In a chargeable broadcasting using the PPP billing system, it may be 
considered that programs scrambled in any of a plurality of ways are 
broadcasted through a single channel and a viewer selects any of the 
programs, descrambles it and is charged for the selected and descrambled 
program. In such case, it is enough for a broadcasting side to merely 
broadcast the respective scrambled programs in sequence. However, a viewer 
must reconfirm contents of the programs by temporarily stopping them and, 
when he wants to view any or some of them, he must re-view the same 
program or programs by paying fee therefor or he must record data thereof 
on such as VTR while he is viewing it. 
On the other hand, in CATV service, data is time-axis compressed and 
transmitted to each subscriber who stores the data in a digital recording 
device such as digital VTR (DVTR) and views it after decompression as in 
VOD. Since, in this case, it is possible to reproduce the recorded digital 
data at any time repeatedly without degradation, there may be a problem of 
infringement of copyright of a producer of the program. 
Therefore, in such chargeable broadcasting, a new billing system must be 
provided by taking the unauthorized recording of digital data and the 
unauthorized dubbing into consideration. This problem may be solved by 
detecting a descrambling processing for a data received or reproduced from 
the DVTR and input to a decoder for descrambling and billing an owner of 
the decoder on the basis of the descrambling processing, since all views 
are billed and collection of fee is possible corresponding to a state of 
viewing. 
In this case, however, since the billing side can not determine program 
content reproduced from the VTR when a viewer views it by means of DVTR, 
the PPP billing system can not be applied thereto. In addition, when a 
special reproduction of a program such as temporary stop, etc., in VTR, 
the same program is reproduced intermittently and therefore the number of 
views can not be determined clearly, causing determination of object to be 
billed to be difficult. 
In view of these problems, it is effective to employ a billing system in 
which, for a program which is selected by a subscriber, the subscriber is 
given a permission of viewing the program for a time period measured in 
specific time unit, that is, the subscriber is permitted to descramble the 
program for the time period and he is billed in program unit within the 
time period rather than the number of views, as in the current cassette 
rental system of video software. This system is disclosed in, for example, 
Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (Kokai) No. H5-284499. 
The interactive cable television in which an information, such as video or 
audio, character information or data, requested by a terminal connected to 
a network is scrambled by compressing it and transmitted to the terminal 
through the network is disclosed in, for example, Y. Mochida, "Digital 
Optical Cable TV", the Journal of Television Engineers Society, Vol. 47, 
No. 8. pp. 1082 to 1087 (1993). 
In the above article, although the technology concerned to the system and 
services of such interactive cable television is disclosed, there is no 
disclosure about the billing system for subscribers having such terminals 
and the copyright protection. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the present invention is to provide an interactive, chargeable 
communication system including a billing system, by which the billing to 
subscribers can be done reliably while preventing infringement of 
copyright of video software. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide an information 
compressing and transmitting apparatus which is capable of protecting 
copyright of an information which may be video or audio information, 
character information, data or application programs, etc., and is 
transmitted and of billing subscribers having subscriber terminals 
receiving the information, by compressing the information according to a 
request or requests from a terminal or terminals connected to a network, 
dividing the compressed information together with its attribute 
information to a plurality of information and transmitting the respective 
divided information according to a plurality of requests from the 
respective terminals connected to the network. 
In order to achieve the above objects, according to an aspect of the 
present invention, there are provided, in a terminal of the subscriber for 
receiving program video signal delivered from a program service company, 
an error check circuit for confirming an existence of transmission error 
in a communication route, a receiving monitor circuit for monitoring a 
program receiving condition such as program received and time of receiving 
in minute and a billing check circuit for checking a billing to a 
subscriber by determining a receiving fee according to an error condition 
and the receiving condition monitored. 
Further, the subscriber terminal is composed of a primary terminal portion 
for processing video signal received in order to prevent unauthorized 
reception of the video signal and a secondary terminal portion connected 
to the video signal display device for displaying an actually received 
program on the monitor. The primary terminal portion includes a circuit 
for processing the received video signal to prevent unauthorized reception 
and a circuit for multiplexing an identification (ID) number, etc., by 
which the subscriber terminal receiving a delivered program or the 
subscriber on the video signal. The secondary terminal portion includes a 
circuit for confirming an existence of a bill for the subscriber on the 
basis of the ID number multiplexed in the primary terminal portion and a 
circuit for invalidating the unauthorized reception preventing processing 
performed in the primary terminal portion. The display device displays the 
program video after the confirmation is performed in the ID number 
confirming circuit. 
According to this system, after the program delivered by the service 
company is received, it is confirmed by the error check circuit of the 
primary terminal portion of the subscriber terminal whether or not there 
is a transmission error and then the receiving time of the program in the 
primary terminal portion of the subscriber terminal and the kind, etc., of 
the program received are confirmed by the monitor circuit. On the basis of 
the error information and the program receiving information obtained from 
these circuits, the billing system bills the subscriber. 
The video signal is scrambled by the unauthorized reception preventing 
circuit in the primary terminal portion of the receiving terminal and 
multiplexed with an ID number which is preliminarily set in the respective 
terminals and with which a specific terminal or subscriber can be 
specified and, then, output. 
The video signal output from the primary terminal portion is supplied to 
the secondary terminal portion in which the ID number is separated. The 
billing state for that subscriber for the delivered program is confirmed 
by the ID number. That is, an ID number with which a subscriber terminal 
can be identified is preliminarily set in a primary and a secondary 
terminal portions of the subscriber terminal, and, when the ID number of 
the primary terminal portion which is multiplexed with the video signal in 
the primary terminal portion coincides with the ID number of the secondary 
terminal portion, it is judged that the subscriber having the terminal is 
billed. When it is confirmed that the secondary terminal portion is 
included in the terminal of the subscriber who is billed, the program is 
descrambled and displayed on the video display device. 
In this system, since the video signal output from the primary terminal 
portion is scrambled, the video signal can not be displayed correctly 
unless it is descrambled in the secondary terminal portion. Therefore, 
even if the video signal output from the primary terminal portion is 
copied by using such as VTR and transferred to the third person, the 
latter can not view it on a monitor which is not connected to the 
secondary terminal portion. In other words, one who does not make contract 
with the program supplier can not view any program supplied by them. 
Further, the video signal output from the primary terminal portion is 
displayed on a video display device after charge on a subscriber is 
confirmed. Therefore, even when a magnetic tape, etc., on which a 
delivered program video is recorded by an authorized subscriber is 
transferred to another subscriber, the latter can not view the program 
since the video signal is not descrambled by other people than the 
authorized subscriber who has a secondary terminal portion which is paired 
with the primary terminal portion which receives the program, that is, who 
does not pay fee for reception of the program. 
As mentioned, according to this system, monitoring of the program by 
non-subscribers and subscribers who do not receive a program by themselves 
are prevented and thus it is possible to protect the program suppliers and 
copyright owners against infringement. 
In another aspect of the present invention, the objects can be achieved by 
transmitting from a transmitter side a video and audio data of a scrambled 
program together with a descrambling information and simultaneously 
transmitting a program ID information different every program, separately 
or multiplexing on the data. 
A decoder for descrambling the data comprises decoder means for detecting 
the descrambling information from the received data and decoding it, a 
descrambler for descrambling operation, program ID information processing 
means for storing program ID information and comparing a program ID 
information of a program to be newly viewed with program ID information of 
programs which were viewed is the past and means for transmitting through 
a telephone line or a data line such as an up-link of an interactive 
communication line to a billing side program ID information of program 
which was descrambled and viewed, under control based on a result of the 
comparison performed by the program ID information processing means. 
Alternatively, the decoder may include only the program ID information 
decoding means and a transmitting means and all results of detection 
performed thereby are transmitted to the billing side which is provided 
with means which performs an operation corresponding to that of the 
program ID information processing means. 
When a user uses means such as DVTR for digitally recording a transmission 
data, the video and audio data before descrambling is recorded together 
with the descrambling information and the program ID information and, for 
reproducing them, the scrambled data, the descrambling information and the 
program ID information are demodulated and reproduced in the same format 
as that for recording. 
In any way, the transmitter multiplexes the descrambling information and 
the scrambled program ID information on the video and audio data at a 
specific period and transmits. 
A viewer detects by means of the decoder means the descrambling information 
and the program ID information from the data received by the descrambling 
decoder, restores the processing pattern at a time when the data is 
scrambled, according to the decoded descrambling information, and 
descrambles it by performing an inverse processing to the scrambling 
processing by the descrambler. The program ID information detected is 
compared with all programs which were viewed in a specific time and are 
stored in the program ID information processing means to see whether or 
not there is a program ID information coincident with the detected program 
ID information. If there is no coincidence detected, it is deemed as 
reception of a new program and the program ID information thereof is 
transmitted to the billing side and simultaneously it is stored in the 
program ID information processing means. The billing side gets a title of 
the program which is viewed by the subscriber from the received 
information and bills the subscriber correspondingly. On the other hand, 
when there is a coincidence, it is deemed as a re-viewing of a program 
within a specific time and the program ID information thereof is neither 
stored nor transmitted. 
In a case where the data is recorded by the digital recording means such as 
DVTR and viewed by reproducing it, the scrambled data, the descrambling 
information and the program ID information are recorded simultaneously and 
the respective signals are simultaneously demodulated and reproduced in 
the same signal format as that in the recording time and they are supplied 
to the decoder in which they are processed usually. 
Thus, the billing for viewing a scrambled program can be efficiently 
performed in program unit. 
In another aspect of the present invention, the objects are achieved by an 
information compressing/transmitting apparatus comprising compression 
means for compressing data including such as video, audio, character 
information and application program, first memory means for storing the 
compressed data, second memory means for storing attribute information 
necessary for decompressing the compressed data and other management 
information, means for attaching a common identifying information to 
respective divided information, transmitting/receiving means for receiving 
requests from a plurality of terminals connected to a circuit and 
transmitting data stored in the first and second memory means according to 
a plurality of requests from the terminal and a receiving/transmitting 
control means. 
The information compressing/transmitting apparatus compresses the video, 
audio, character information, data and application program according to 
the requests from the terminals connected to the network, resulting in a 
compressed data and an attribute information necessary for decompressing 
the compressed data. The compressed data is stored in the first memory and 
the attribute information is stored in the second memory together with 
other subscriber management information. 
Upon a first and second information transmission requests from the 
terminals connected to the network, the data stored in the first and 
second memories are transmitted. 
In general, the data stored in the first memory has a large amount of 
information and it takes a considerable time to transmit all of them by 
using the network. On the other hand, an amount data stored in the second 
memory is small and it can be transmitted within a very short time which 
may be ignored by the terminal subscriber. 
According to this aspect, an information requested by a subscriber is 
compressed and then divided to a plurality of pieces to which a common ID 
information is attached, respectively. The compressed information pieces 
with the common ID information are transmitted. Thus, a copyright of the 
information can be protected and, when the first data of the information 
requested by the terminal subscriber is preliminarily received and stored, 
it is possible to receive the second data within the very short time and 
to reproduce the requested data. The billing for the subscriber can be 
done according to the number of requests of the second data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with 
reference to FIGS. 1A to 3. 
FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are a block diagram of a video signal receiving 
terminal according to the first embodiment of the present invention when 
applied to display a program video transmitted through a wire 
broadcasting. The video signal receiving terminal, that is, a subscriber 
terminal, includes a primary terminal portion 100 shown in FIG. 1A and a 
secondary terminal portion 150 shown in FIG. 1B. 
Before describing the subscriber terminal shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, a 
cable broadcasting system will be described in brief with reference to 
FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, the system includes a program supplying company 600 
which produces a chargeable program and delivers it, a communication 
satellite (or broadcasting satellite) 610, a wire broadcasting relay 
transmitter 620, a communication cable 630 such as coaxial cable or 
optical cable which directly connected the relay transmitter to subscriber 
terminals 641, 642 and 643 and at least one terminal 644 of a banking 
system. 
In the cable broadcasting system, the program produced by the program 
supplier 600 is transmitted through the communication satellite 610 or 
through ground wave to the relay transmitter 620. In the relay transmitter 
620, the program signal transmitted from the program supplier 600 is 
received by using a large scale, high sensitivity antenna with signal 
degradation due to electromagnetic wave fault, etc., being minimized. The 
relay transmitter 620 transmits the received video signal through the 
cable 630 which may be a public digital communication line, such as 
Integrated Service Digital Network (IDSN) which is used concomitantly with 
other communications such as telephone line, facsimile line and a computer 
or a communication line dedicated to such as Cable Television (CATV), to 
the cable broadcasting receiving terminals 641 to 643 shown in FIG. 1A and 
FIG. 1B. 
FIG. 2 shows an example of the data construction of the video signal 
transmitted from the relay transmitter to the respective subscriber 
terminals. In FIG. 2, the digital transmission data from the relay 
transmitter includes a data header portion 200 including key signals, 
etc., necessary to decoding a program information having various 
information of the program transmitted and the compressed video data, 
compressed video data portions 211 and 212, etc., and parity check 
portions 221 and 222, etc., inserted into the compressed data portion for 
detecting any error and confirming whether or not video signals were 
correctly received by the destination terminals. 
In this embodiment, the digital data is constituted with the data header 
portion 200 of n bytes, the compressed video data portions 211, 212, . . . 
each of m bytes and the parity portions 221, 223, . . . each of l bytes 
where n is a natural number from several to ten and several, m is a 
natural number from several hundreds to several thousands and l is a 
natural number of several. The data header portion 200 is transmitted 
first in time, and, subsequent thereto, the compressed data portions 211, 
212, 213, . . . and the parity portions 221, 222, . . . are transmitted 
alternately until an end of the program. That is, it is transmitted in the 
sequence of 211, 221, 212, 222, . . . . Considering a receiving of the 
program on the way thereof, the data header portion 200 should be inserted 
into not only the head of the data but also a plurality of locations, 
preferably, every specific time. 
Returning to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the primary terminal portion 100 for 
receiving a program transmitted from the relay transmitter 620 includes an 
input terminal 101 for receiving the video signal from the relay 
transmitter 620, a billing information output terminal 102 for outputting 
a billing information for the reception of the program at the primary 
terminal portion 100, a video signal output terminal 103 for outputting a 
video signal scrambled in the primary terminal portion 100, a demodulator 
circuit 111 connected to the input terminal 101 for digitally demodulating 
the video signal input, a separation circuit 112 connected to an output of 
the demodulator circuit 111 for separating, from the digitally demodulated 
video signal from the demodulator circuit 111, the header portion 200 
including a key signal necessary to decode the data header from the 
compressed video data and the parity portions, an error checker 113 for 
checking the compressed video data and the parity portion confirming 
whether or not the video signal transmitted from the relay transmitter is 
received correctly, a billing check circuit 114 for producing a billing 
information for the program reception fee on the basis of the program 
information separated by the separator circuit 112 and a result of the 
error check performed by the error checker 113, a memory 115 for storing 
an identification (ID) code specific to the primary terminal portion 100, 
a scrambler 116 for scrambling the decode key signal separated by the 
separator circuit 112 by multiplexing the key signal and a terminal ID 
code stored in the memory 115 and a multiplexer circuit 117 for time-axis 
multiplexing the compressed video data output from the error checker 113 
with the key information scrambled by the scrambler 116. 
The secondary terminal portion 150 shown in FIG. 1B includes an input 
terminal 151 connected to the video signal output terminal 103 of the 
primary terminal portion 100 for receiving the video signal scrambled 
therein, an extraction circuit 161 connected to the input terminal 151 for 
extracting the scrambled key information from the input video signal, a 
descrambler 162 for descrambling the key information extracted by the 
extraction circuit 161 and separating therefrom the decoding key and the 
terminal ID code specific to the primary terminal portion 100, a memory 
163 for storing the terminal ID code of the primary terminal portion 100, 
a comparator 164 for comparing the terminal ID code of the primary 
terminal portion 100 separated in the descrambler 162 with the terminal ID 
code stored in the memory 163, a switch 165 for receiving a decode key 
output from the descrambler 162 and allowing the decoded key to pass 
therethrough according to an output of the comparator 164, a decode 
circuit 166 for decoding the compressed video signal by using the decode 
key passed through the switch 165, a D/A converter 167 for converting the 
decoded digital video signal from the decoder 166 into an analog signal 
and a monitor 168 for displaying the program video which is thus converted 
into the analog signal. 
In this embodiment, the error check is performed by using the Cyclic 
Redundancy Check (CRC) code in each of the parity portions 221 and 222, 
etc., shown in FIG. 2. That is, in the relay transmitter, a compressed 
video data is processed by using special arithmetic operations, before the 
relay transmitter 620 transmits the video data, and an error detection 
code obtained thereby is attached to the compressed video data as a parity 
and, then, transmitted. In the receiving terminal side, that is, in the 
primary terminal portion 100, the received compressed video data is 
processed according to the same arithmetic operations and a result thereof 
is compared with the parity. If the result of the arithmetic operations is 
equal to the parity, it is determined that the compressed video data is 
correctly transmitted and received. The error checking code to be used in 
the error checker 113 is not limited to the CRC code. The Reed-Solomon 
code, the simple parity code or the Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code, 
etc., may be used therefor as well. By using such error correction code, a 
transmission error may be corrected depending upon the degree of error. 
The result of error check using the CRC code, etc., output from the error 
checker 113 is input to the billing check circuit 114 together with the 
program information from the separation circuit 112. In the billing check 
circuit 114, a billing information for the subscriber is produced 
according to the error information from the error checker 113 and the 
program information attached to the received video signal. For example, 
when the program information is provided with the genre of program, the 
name of production company and the name of copyright owner, etc., it is 
possible to change the receiving fee according to the genre of the 
program, news or movie, and, in the VOD service, to make collection of 
receiving fee for the production company and/or the copyright owner or the 
service fee smooth. On the other hand, it is possible to reduce or even 
cancel the bill for the subscriber when the reception of the program is 
difficult due to transmission error which can be determined by using the 
error information. For example, when there is a transmission error, the 
subscriber terminal can transmit the error information to the relay 
transmitter 620 and request a re-transmission of a video signal 
corresponding to the error portion. It should be noted that the error 
checker 113 may be omitted if the communication route is error-free. 
The billing information produced in the billing check circuit 114 is 
transmitted from the billing information output terminal 102 through 
telephone line or other lines or cables dedicated thereto to the relay 
transmitter 620 or the cable broadcasting company. Further, when the cable 
connected to the input terminal 101 of the primary terminal portion 100 
for receiving the video signal is an interactive cable, it can be used for 
transmitting the billing information as well. In such case, the input 
terminal 101 is replaced by an input/output terminal and the billing 
information from the billing check circuit 114 is output through the 
input/output terminal. In such case, it is possible to not only reduce the 
number of communication cables connecting between the relay transmitter 
620 and the respective subscriber terminals but also facilitate adaptation 
to the interactive communication service such as the program request in 
the VOD system. Further, it becomes possible to perform a precise research 
of view rate by performing the checking of program reception. 
The key signal supplied from the separation circuit 112 to the scrambler 
116 is scrambled and multiplexed with the terminal ID code specific to the 
primary terminal portion 100 and stored in the memory 115 as mentioned 
previously. The terminal ID code may be, for example, a binary number. In 
this case, it is preferable to assign different binary numbers to the 
respective subscriber terminals. However, it is possible to substantially 
prevent duplication of terminal ID number by using a binary number of 10 
to 20 bits. 
The key information which is scrambled in the scrambler 116 and multiplexed 
with the terminal ID code is input to the multiplexer circuit 117, 
together with the compressed video data, in which the key information and 
the compressed video data are time-axis multiplexed and output from the 
output terminal 103. 
FIG. 3 shows an example of a simple construction of the signal obtained by 
time-axis multiplex of the key information and the compressed video data. 
In FIG. 3, 301 depicts the key information and 311, 312 and 313, etc., 
depict the compressed video data. In the construction shown in FIG. 3, the 
key information 301 is inserted every constant time, for example, at least 
once per 5 minutes, taking into consideration the fact that the 
information are recorded on a recording medium such as VTR and may be 
reproduced from any point on the magnetic tape. In such case, when the 
reproduction of the magnetic tape is started on the compressed video data 
312 subsequent to the key 301, the video data 312 can not be decoded since 
there is no key information thereof. However, it is possible to decode the 
video data from the compressed video data 313 with using the subsequent 
key 301. When the recording/reproducing apparatus to be used is a randomly 
accessible apparatus such as laser disc, optomagnetic disc or hard disc, 
etc., it is possible to reproduce a recorded program at any point of the 
program with the key information 301 located in only one point. However, 
since, in such case, there may be an error produced on the recording 
medium, it is preferable to locate the key information 301 at at least two 
points. 
The signal which is the compressed video data multiplexed with the key 
information and supplied from the output terminal 103 of the primary 
terminal portion 100 shown in FIG. 1A may be supplied to the input 
terminal 151 of the secondary terminal 150 shown in FIG. 1B directly or 
through the video signal recording/reproducing apparatus such as VTR. The 
compressed video data which is separated from the key information in the 
extractor circuit 161 and scrambled by the primary terminal portion 100 is 
descrambled by the descrambler 162. The decode key from the descrambler 
162 is supplied to the switch 165. The terminal ID code of the primary 
terminal portion 100 supplied to one of the inputs of the comparator 164 
is compared with the terminal ID code of the secondary terminal portion 
150 stored in the memory 163 and supplied to the other input of the 
comparator 164. As mentioned previously, the terminal ID codes are 
different for the respective terminal pairs and the terminal ID codes for 
the paired primary and secondary terminal portions of each terminal are 
common. Therefore, it is possible to determine, by comparing the terminal 
ID code of the primary terminal portion with the terminal ID code of the 
secondary terminal by means of the comparator 164, whether the compressed 
video data input to the input terminal 151 of the secondary terminal 
portion 150 is from the primary terminal portion 100 which is paired with 
the secondary terminal portion 150. 
Only when the result of comparison performed in the comparator 164 and 
supplied to the switch 165 indicates that these two terminal ID codes are 
consistent, the switch 165 passes the key signal for decoding the 
compressed video signal, which is output from the descrambler 162, to the 
decode circuit 166. 
The compressed video data separated from the key information by the 
separation circuit 161 input to the decoder circuit 166 is decoded in the 
decoder circuit 166 by using the decode key input thereto from the switch 
165. When the comparison in the comparator 164 indicates an inconsistency 
between the two terminal ID codes, the decoding of the compressed video 
data is not performed in the decoder circuit 166 since the switch 165 does 
not output the decode key. That is, other compressed video data than that 
output from the primary terminal portion 100 paired with the secondary 
terminal portion 150 is not decoded in the decoder circuit 166. 
The decoded video signal from the decoder circuit 166 is converted by the 
D/A converter 167 into an analog signal and displayed on the monitor 168, 
as mentioned previously. The video signal which is not decoded by the 
decoder circuit 166 can not be displayed correctly and therefore it can 
not be viewed. 
Thus, by using the present system as the subscriber terminal for receiving 
the chargeable broadcasting, it is possible to immediately bill the 
receiving fee for the subscriber while preventing unauthorized reception 
of the same broadcasting. 
Another embodiment of the primary terminal portion of the present invention 
will be described with reference to FIG. 4. 
In FIG. 4, a primary terminal portion 400 differs from the primary terminal 
100 portion shown in FIG. 1A in that a coder circuit 415 is connected to 
the output of an error check circuit 413 corresponding to the error check 
circuit 113 in FIG. 1A and a scrambler 417 corresponding to the scrambler 
116 in FIG. 1A is supplied with an output of the coder circuit 413 and an 
output of a terminal ID circuit 416 corresponding to the terminal ID 
circuit 115 in FIG. 1A. A secondary terminal portion to be paired with the 
primary terminal portion 400 may be one shown in FIG. 1B. Other 
constructional features are the same as that shown in FIG. 1A. That is, in 
FIG. 4, the primary terminal 400 includes an input terminal 401 for 
receiving the video signal from the relay transmitter 620, an output 
terminal 402 for outputting a billing information for the reception of the 
program at the primary terminal portion 400, an output terminal 403 for 
outputting a video signal scrambled in the primary terminal portion 400, a 
demodulator circuit 411 for digital-demodulating the video signal input at 
the input terminal 401, a separation circuit 412 for separating the key 
signal, etc., necessary to decode the data header containing the program 
information, etc., and the compressed video data from the digitally 
demodulated video signal by the demodulator circuit 411, the error checker 
413 for confirming whether or not the video signal transmitted from the 
relay transmitter 620 is received correctly, a billing check circuit 414 
for producing a billing information for the program reception fee on the 
basis of the program information separated by the separator circuit 412 
and a result of the error check performed by the error checker 413, the 
coder circuit 415 for compressing and coding the received video signal, a 
memory 416 for storing an ID code specific to the terminal or a subscriber 
having the terminal, the scrambler 417 for scrambling the key signal which 
is output from the coding circuit 415 and is necessary to code and 
multiplexing the scrambled code with the terminal identifying code and a 
multiplexer circuit 418 for time axis multiplexing the compressed video 
data output from the coding circuit 415 with the key information output 
from the scrambler 417. 
The primary terminal portion 400 shown in FIG. 4 is effective in a case 
where the video signal transmitted from a relay terminal is not compressed 
or coded. It should be noted in this case that a program information and 
error check signals are necessary for billing subscribers. Such 
information may be inserted into time space specially provided therefor or 
into a vertical scan period. 
The video signal transmitted from the relay transmitter 620 is input to the 
input terminal 401 of the primary terminal portion 400, the program 
information inserted into the vertical scan period, etc., is separated by 
the separation circuit 411 and supplied to the billing device 414 and the 
video signal is supplied to the error checker 413. The error checker 413 
checks any error of the received video data and a result of check is 
supplied to the billing check circuit 414. The error check may be 
performed inserting a specific signal every horizontal scan period or 
vertical scan period, detecting a known specific signal by the error 
checker 413 and confirming an existence of the specific signal or 
inserting a parity into a horizontal scan period, etc. 
In the billing check circuit 414, a billing information for the subscriber 
is produced in a similar manner to that in the first embodiment shown in 
FIG. 1A and is transmitted from the output terminal 402 to the relay 
transmitter 620. On the other hand, the video signal is supplied to the 
coding circuit 415 and coded by time-axis compression. Then, the 
compressed video data is supplied to the multiplexer circuit 418 and the 
key signal necessary for decoding the compressed video data is supplied to 
the scrambler 417. The scrambler 417 is supplied with the decode key from 
the coding circuit 415 and the terminal ID code from the memory 416. The 
decode key and the terminal ID code are multiplexed and scrambled by the 
scrambler 417. The terminal ID code used in this embodiment may be any 
used in the first embodiment. Further, in the multiplexer circuit 418, the 
key information from the scrambler 417 and the compressed video data from 
the coding circuit 417 are time-axis multiplexed and output from the 
output terminal 403. Since the secondary terminal portion to be used 
together with the primary terminal portion 400 may be the same as that 
used in the first embodiment, its details are omitted. 
With this embodiment of the primary terminal portion, it is possible to 
bill the subscriber and to prevent unauthorized reception of the program 
even when the video signal transmitted from the relay transmitter 620 is 
not coded by compression. Further, when the video signal from the relay 
transmitter is an analog signal, it can be processed properly by providing 
a tuner immediately before the demodulator circuit 411 and an A/D 
converter immediately after the demodulator circuit 411 or immediately 
before the coding circuit 415. 
Another embodiment of the secondary terminal will be described with 
reference to FIG. 5. 
The secondary terminal portion 550 shown in FIG. 5 includes an input 
terminal 551 for receiving an output of an associated primary terminal 
portion, which may be one shown in FIG. 1A or the embodiment shown in FIG. 
4, directly or a signal passed through a video signal 
recording/reproducing apparatus such as VTR, an output terminal 552 for 
outputting a decoded program video signal to a monitor 570, a key 
extraction circuit 561 for extracting the key information from the input 
video signal, a descrambler 562 for descrambling the key information 
extracted by the extraction circuit 561 and separating therefrom the 
decoding key and the terminal ID code, a memory 563 for preliminarily 
storing the terminal ID code, a comparator 564 for comparing the terminal 
ID code separated in the descrambler 562 with the terminal ID code stored 
in the memory 563, a switch 565 for receiving a decode key output from the 
descrambler 562 and allowing it to pass therethrough only when the 
comparator 564 decodes that the ID codes are consistent, a decode circuit 
566 for decoding the compressed video signal by using the decode key from 
the switch 565, a D/A converter 567, a copy guard circuit 568 for 
processing the video signal from the D/A converter 567 such that it can 
not be recorded by the video signal recording/reproducing apparatus such 
as VTR and an external monitor 570 for displaying the program video output 
from the secondary terminal portion 550. 
Since the components depicted by 561 to 567 correspond to the components 
161 to 167 of the secondary terminal 150 shown in FIG. 1B, respectively, 
detailed descriptions thereof are omitted. 
In FIG. 5, a signal which contains a compressed video data multiplexed with 
a key information and is output from the primary terminal portion such as 
shown in FIGS. 1A or 4 is supplied to the input terminal 551 of the 
secondary terminal portion 550 directly or through a video signal 
recording/reproducing apparatus such as VTR. The input signal is processed 
through the extractor circuit 561, the descrambler 562, the memory 563, 
the comparator 564, the switch 565, the decoding circuit 566 and the D/A 
converter 567 in the same manner as performed through the components 161 
to 167 in FIG. 1A to confirm the terminal ID code of the primary terminal 
portion, decode the compressed video data and convert it into an analog 
signal. The analog video signal output from the D/A converter 567 is 
supplied to the copy guard circuit 568 in which a synchronizing signal 
portion thereof is processed. That is, the secondary terminal portion 550 
is associated with the monitor 570 for displaying the program video 
signal. The monitor 570 may be any of commercially available monitors and 
is provided externally. Therefore, a signal processing is necessary for 
preventing unauthorized reception of the video signal between the output 
terminal 552 and the monitor 570. In this embodiment, there is no need of 
recording the signal by the video signal recording/reproducing apparatus 
such as VTR. However, in the copy guard circuit 568, a signal processing 
for making the video signal possible to display on the monitor while 
preventing recording to the VTR is performed by changing the synchronizing 
portion of the video signal such that it is synchronized with the monitor 
but not synchronized with the VTR. 
With the circuit construction of the secondary terminal portion of this 
embodiment, not only the same effect as that of the first embodiment is 
obtained, but also another effect that a conventional TV monitor can be 
used as the display device of the program video signal is obtained. 
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the terminal device in which the primary 
and secondary terminal portions are not separated. 
In FIG. 7, the subscriber terminal 700 includes an input terminal 701 for 
receiving the video signal from the relay transmitter 620, an output 
terminal 702 for outputting a billing information for the reception of the 
program at the primary terminal 700, an output terminal 703 for outputting 
a scrambled video signal to a video signal recording/reproducing apparatus 
750 such as VTR, an input terminal 704 for inputting the scrambled video 
signal from the video signal recording/reproducing apparatus 750, an 
output terminal 705 for outputting the program video signal to a display 
device 760 such as monitor, a demodulator circuit 711 for 
digital-demodulating the video signal input at the input terminal 701, a 
separation circuit 712 for separating the key signal, etc., necessary to 
decode the data header containing the program information, etc., and the 
compressed video data from the digitally demodulated video signal from the 
demodulator circuit 711, an error checker 713 for confirming whether or 
not the video signal transmitted from the relay transmitter is received 
correctly, a billing check circuit 714 for producing a billing information 
for the program reception fee on the basis of the program information 
separated by the separator circuit 712 and a result of the error check 
performed by the error checker 713, a memory 715 for storing an ID code 
specific to the subscriber terminal 700, a scrambler 716 for scrambling 
the key signal separated by the separation circuit 712 and the terminal ID 
code stored in the memory 715 by multiplexing them, a multiplexer circuit 
717 for time-axis multiplexing the compressed video data output from the 
error checker 713 with the key information output from the scrambler 716, 
an extraction circuit 721 for extracting the key information from the 
video signal input from the input terminal 704, a descrambler 722 for 
descrambling the key information extracted by the extraction circuit 721 
and separating therefrom the decoding key and the terminal ID code, a 
comparator 723 for comparing the terminal ID code separated in the 
descrambler 722 with the terminal ID code stored in the memory 715, a 
switch 724 for receiving a decode key output from the descrambler 722 and 
allowing the key to add through only when an output of the comparator 723 
indicates that the keys are consistent, a first selector 725 for selecting 
one of the compressed video data from the error checker 713 and the 
compressed video data from the extractor circuit 721, a second selector 
726 for selecting one of the decode key from the separation circuit 712 
and the decode key from the switch 724, a decode circuit 727 for decoding 
the compressed video signal from the first selector 725 by using the 
decode key from the second selector 726, a D/A converter 728, a copy guard 
circuit 729 for processing the video signal from the output terminal 705 
such that it can not be recorded by a video signal recording/reproducing 
apparatus 750 such as VTR, optomagnetic disc, hard disc, etc., capable of 
recording a video signal and a monitor 760 for displaying the program 
video output from the terminal 700. Since the components depicted by 711 
to 717 correspond to the components 111 to 117 shown in FIG. 1A, 
respectively, and the components depicted by 721 to 724 and 727 to 729 
correspond to those depicted by 561, 562 and 564 to 568 in FIG. 5, 
respectively. 
In FIG. 7, the video signal transmitted from the relay transmitter 620 
shown in FIG. 6 is received at the input terminal 701 of the terminal 700 
and passed through the demodulator circuit 711, the separation circuit 
712, the error checker 713 and the billing check circuit 714 to digitally 
demodulate it, separate the program information and the decode key, 
confirm a transmission error and produce a billing information. These 
processings are similar to those performed in the corresponding circuits 
shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, details thereof are omitted. 
The compressed video data output from the error checker 713 is supplied to 
the multiplexer circuit 717 and the first selector 725 and the decode key 
output from the separation circuit 712 is supplied to the scrambler 716 
and the second selector 726. 
The decode key supplied to the scrambler 716 is multiplexed with the 
terminal ID number stored in the memory 715 and then time-axis multiplied 
with the compressed video data supplied to the multiplexer 717. Since the 
processing performed by the scrambler 716 and the multiplexer 717 is the 
same as that performed in the first embodiment, detailed description 
thereof is omitted. The above mentioned compressed video data multiplexed 
with the decode information is output from the output terminal 703 to the 
video signal VTR 750 in which the video signal can be recorded and saved 
on the recording medium. 
The signal reproduced by the VTR 750 is supplied to the input terminal 704 
and, then, to the extractor circuit 721 in which the key information is 
separated from the compressed video data. The key information is supplied 
to the descrambler 722 and the compressed video data is supplied to the 
first selector 725. The key information is descrambled by the descrambler 
722 as in the same manner as that described with respect to FIG. 5 and, 
then, it is separated to the decode key and the terminal ID code. The 
terminal ID code is compared with the content of the memory 715 by the 
comparator 723. On the other hand, the decode key is supplied to the 
switch 724 the output of which is controlled by the result of comparison 
in the comparator 723 and supplied to the second selector 726. 
The first selector 725 and the second selector 726 always cooperate. That 
is, when the first selector 725 selects and outputs the output of the 
error checker 713, the second selector 726 selects and outputs the decode 
key from the separation circuit 712, or vice versa. That is, when a 
certain external VTR is connected to the terminal 700 and the video signal 
data is input from the input terminal 704, the selectors 725 and 726 
operate to select the compressed video data reproduced by the VTR and the 
decode key and, otherwise, they operate to select the compressed video 
data from the error checker 713 and the decode key from the separation 
circuit 712. 
The compressed video data output from the first selector 725 is decoded by 
the decoder circuit 727 with using the decode key from the second selector 
726. Further, the data is processed by the D/A converter 728 and the copy 
guard circuit 729 in the same manner as that mentioned with respect to 
FIG. 5. 
With the terminal having constructed as mentioned above, the same effect as 
those obtained by any of the previously described embodiments is obtained. 
Further, according to this embodiment, only one memory for storing the 
terminal identifying code is required in the terminal. 
In addition, since, in this embodiment, the terminal is not physically 
separated to the primary and secondary terminals, space economy is 
improved. Further, there is no need of wiring which is required between 
the primary and secondary terminals. 
Although these embodiments have been described for the case where the 
program is transmitted from the relay transmitter through the wire 
communication, the present invention can be applied to other transmission 
medium such as telephone line, ground wave broadcasting or satellite 
broadcasting, regardless of transmission system, analog or digital. 
Further, the data structure of the video signal shown in FIG. 2 is a mere 
example and other format may be used. Although the data header portion 
representing the program information and the parity portion are required 
for the video signal transmitted from the relay transmitter, the parity 
portion may be omitted if the transmission line is error-free. Further, 
concentrating to only the prevention of unauthorized reception of program 
without considering the billing, the present invention can be applied to 
the signal construction of the current broadcasting. Further, the data 
structure for the data transferred between the primary and secondary 
terminals may be any provided that the key information is suitably 
inserted in the compressed video data. Further, the video data to be 
transferred between the primary and secondary terminal portions is not 
always necessary to be compressed data. When not compressed, there may be 
necessary to scramble the video data in some other way than compression. 
According to the present invention, it is possible to confirm in the 
receiving terminal that a program is transmitted correctly from the 
program producing company and, when there is any error occurred in the 
transmission data, it is possible to request for the company a 
re-transmission thereof. When the program is received by the receiving 
terminal correctly, the company can bill, without any delay, the terminal 
or the subscriber according to the program name, the company name, the 
copyright owner and/or receiving time. 
Further, by scrambling the signal received after billing, it is possible to 
prevent the dubbing of the program by means of a VTR and the unauthorized 
receiving of the program to thereby protect the program producer and/or 
the copyright owner against infringement. 
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 
This embodiment includes a video signal input terminal 810, a PCM audio 
signal input terminal 811, a separator circuit 812, a video signal 
descrambler 813, an audio signal descrambler 814, a video data output 
terminal 815, an audio signal output terminal 816, decoders 817 and 818, a 
comparator 819 for comparing contract condition, a program code processing 
circuit 820, a PN generator 821, a data transmit modulator 822 and a 
transmitting output terminal 823. 
This embodiment employs the previously mentioned PPP billing system for a 
broadcasting of the BS standard scrambling system. 
As described in the previously mentioned Kobayashi's article, an analog 
video signal is switched every scan line at position based on the pseudo 
noise (PN) signal series generating logic with using a scramble key as an 
initial value according to the line rotation system to exchange time 
positions of signal components and a PCM audio signal is added with the PN 
signal series and multiplexed with a common information composed of a 
scramble key and an information indicating an attribute of a program and a 
discrete information composed of a work key and a content of discrete 
contract, and the video signal and the audio signal are transmitted 
together. 
The information related to the program attribute is constructed with an ID 
information specific to a transmitter and an information related to date 
of broadcasting. In this embodiment, an ID information for discretely 
confirming respective programs is further added thereto. These information 
will be referred totally to as "program code" hereinafter. 
The video signal and the PCM audio signal received and demodulated by a 
satellite broadcasting receiver are supplied to the input terminal 810 and 
the input terminal 811 of the signal processing system shown in FIG. 8, 
respectively. The video signal is then supplied to the video descrambler 
813 and the PCM audio signal is supplied to the separator circuit 812 and 
separated thereby to the audio signal data, the common information and the 
discrete information. The audio signal data is supplied to the audio 
descrambler 814. The discrete information has been coded with a master key 
set in each signal processing system. The decoder 817 detects the work key 
and the discrete information by decoding a code of an information among 
the discrete information separated by the separator circuit 812, which is 
consistent with the master key thereof. The decoder 818 separates and 
detects the scramble key and the information indicating the attribute of 
the program including the program code by decoding the common information 
coded by the work key. The comparator 819 compares the detected 
information indicating the program attribute and the discrete information 
to confirm a consistence of conditions of the contract term of the 
subscriber and the transmitter. Upon the confirmation, the comparator 819 
supplies a descramble permission to the PN generator 821. 
The program code processing circuit 820 detects the program code from the 
decoder 818 and outputs a detection pulse of the program code to the PN 
generator 821. The program code processing circuit 820 includes a memory 
and compares a newly input program code with all program codes stored in 
the memory and, when the newly input program code is not consistent with 
any of the stored program codes, the new program code is output to the 
data transmit modulator 822 and written in the memory. This program code 
is saved in the memory until a specific time period from this time point 
lapses. When there is a program code in the memory which is consistent 
with the newly input program code, the new program code is neither written 
in the memory nor outputs the detection pulse and the program code. 
The PN generator 821 corresponds in construction to the PN generator used 
in the program transmitter side for the scramble processing and sets the 
initial condition of the descramble processing using the scramble key 
detected by the decoder 818. The video descrambler 813 and the audio 
descrambler 814 perform processing inversely to those performed in the 
scrambling operations, on the basis of the control output of the PN 
generator 821. That is, the video signal is restored by specifying a 
combination of switching positions every scan line and re-switching these 
positions and the audio signal is restored by specifying the added PN 
signal series and removing the latter. The restored video data and the 
restored audio signal are output from the video data output terminal 815 
and the audio data output terminal 816, respectively. The operation of the 
PN generator 821 is limited when the output of the comparator 819 
indicates a consistence of the contract condition and the program code is 
detected by the program code processing circuit 820 and the descramblers 
813 and 814 operate to descramble these data. 
The data transmit modulator 822 detects the descramble permission from the 
comparator 819 and transmits the program code and the ID of the associated 
signal processing system from the transmitting output terminal 823 to the 
billing side. 
The billing side detects the descrambled program from the received 
information and calculates the fee for program reception. 
Since the program code of the program descrambled by the signal processing 
system is transmitted to the billing side and the same program is 
transmitted only once within the specifically set unit time even if the 
same program is viewed a plurality of times, the subscriber can view the 
same program a plurality of times within the specific time with a same 
fee. 
FIG. 9 shows a construction of the program code processing circuit 820 in 
FIG. 8 in a case where the specific time unit is one day. The program code 
processing circuit 920 in FIG. 9 includes a program code input terminal 
900 connected to the decoder 818 (FIG. 8), a program code detection 
circuit 901, a memory read control circuit 902, a comparator 903, an 
address register 904, an address counter 905, an address decoder 906, a 
memory 907, a memory write control circuit 208, buffers 909 and 910, a 
program code output terminal 911 connected to the transmit modulator 822 
(FIG. 8) and a detection pulse output terminal 912 connected to the PN 
generator 821 (FIG. 8). 
A program code is input to the buffer 909 and one input of the comparator 
903 through the program code input terminal 900. When the program code is 
detected by the program code detection circuit 901, the latter outputs a 
detection pulse which is supplied to the memory read control circuit 902 
which outputs a start pulse and supplied through the detection pulse 
output terminal 912 to the PN generator 821 (FIG. 8). 
The address register 904 has stored a final address in which a previously 
input program code is written and the address counter 905 responds to the 
start pulse from the memory read control circuit 902 to decrement from 
this address until the address decoder 906 reports that a head address is 
reached to read all of the program codes stored in the memory 907 in 
sequence. The program codes thus read are compared with a newly input 
program code by the comparator 903 and, when there is a program code among 
the program codes thus read which is consistent with the new program code, 
the comparison is terminated at the time when the consistency is detected 
and the new program code is not written in the memory 907. When there is 
no program code which is consistent with the new program code, the new 
program code stored in the buffer 909 is output to the memory 907 under 
control of the memory write control circuit 908 to write it in the memory 
907 and simultaneously supplied through the buffer 910 and the program 
code output terminal 911 to the data transmit modulator 822. 
All of the program codes stored in the memory 907 and the last address in 
the address register 904 are cleared in one day period. 
In the program code processing circuit shown in FIG. 9, the program code 
output is treated as one corresponding to one view even when the program 
is viewed any number of times within, for example, one day. 
Although the program code processing circuit is provided in the signal 
processing system, the same can be performed on the billing side system. 
In such case, the program code processing circuit 820 (FIG. 8) is enough 
to have a function to send a detection pulse to the PN generator 821 and 
the data transmit modulator 822. The data transmit modulator 822 transmits 
all program codes for which descramble permission from the comparator 819 
is detected together with the ID of the subscriber. The billing side bills 
as in the same manner as in the preceding embodiment by obtaining the 
descrambled program and its viewer from the received data. In addition, 
when the received data is saved for a specific time period, it is 
determined by comparing all program codes from a single viewer during this 
time period that the same data are received by the viewer several times, 
it is possible to stop a the billing to such multiple views of a single 
program. 
The last embodiment is applicable to a VTR recording/reproducing signal, in 
which case, the same data as the video signal and PCM audio signal input 
to the decoder, that is, the scrambled program data, is 
recorded/reproduced at respective recording areas of the VTR. In this 
case, the common information such as scramble key and the discrete 
information are recorded in the PCM audio area without separating from the 
audio data. By demodulating the reproduced output from the VTR to the same 
format as that of the recording input and then inputting to the decoder, 
the output signal is subjected to the same program code processing 
subsequently in the same manner as the processing in viewing the received 
signal and the billing is performed in the same manner. In this case, 
there is an advantage that it is possible to view a single program a 
plurality of times with a fee equal to that for one view so long as the 
plural views are within a specific time. 
Although, in this embodiment, the decoder corresponding to the BS standard 
scrambling system has been described, this invention is applicable to 
other scrambling systems. For example, it is possible to perform a 
scrambling by shuffling of digital data. In such case, the billing system 
can be applied by processing the program by the program code as in the 
described embodiment and adding the program code detection to the 
descramble permission condition of the descrambler, provided that the 
program code is included in the information such as descramble information 
transmitted together with the transmission data. Further, in this case, by 
using a DVTR using the same format for the input data to the decoder and 
the input/output data, the same billing system can be applied by 
descrambling the data which is obtained by demodulating a signal 
reproduced by DVTR through the decoder even for the CATV service in which 
the data is transmitted by compression as in the VOD. 
FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the present invention when applied to 
an information compression/transmission apparatus in the interactive 
communication broadcasting system. In FIG. 10, the information transmitter 
620 (FIG. 6) includes a host computer 1010, a subscriber database 1020 for 
totally managing information related to the subscribers 641 to 643, an 
information library 1030 for storing and managing an information such as 
video information, audio information, character information, various data 
and/or application programs which can be requested by the subscribers, an 
information compression processor 1040 for compressing the information, a 
recording medium 1050 for storing first data output by the information 
compressing processor 1040, a recording medium 1060 for storing second 
data output by the information compressing processor 1040, a communication 
control device 1070 for performing an interactive communication and the 
digital communication line 630. 
FIG. 11 shows data formats used in the interactive communication between 
the information transmitter 620 and the subscriber terminals 641 to 643 
(FIG. 6). In FIG. 11, the formats include an information list request 
signal 1101 transmitted from the subscriber terminals to the information 
transmitter 620, an information list data 1102 transmitted from the 
information transmitter 620 to the subscriber terminals, a first request 
1103 transmitted from the subscriber terminals to the information 
transmitter 620, a first data 1104 which is a compressed data to be 
transmitted from the information transmitter 620 to the subscriber 
terminals, a second request 1105 requesting an attribute information from 
the subscriber terminals to the information transmitter 620, a second data 
1106 which is the attribute information transmitted from the information 
transmitter to the subscriber terminals and a data 1107 transmitted from 
the information transmitter to the subscriber terminals for billing the 
banking system terminal 644. 
In each data format shown in FIG. 11, a start-of-data (ST) and an 
end-of-data (EOD) are attached by the communication controller 1070 (FIG. 
10) at a head and an end of the format, respectively. Further, a time-code 
(TC) is attached at a head of each compressed data. 
In the information transmitter 620, the communication controller 1070, when 
receives the information list request signal 1101 from any of the 
subscriber terminals through the digital communication line 630, extracts 
the ID number of the subscriber terminal from the received data and 
reports to the host computer 1010 that there is an information list 
request 1101 from the subscriber terminal. The host computer 1010 
references the subscriber database 1020 according to the ID number from 
the communication controller 1070 to check the subscriber's conditions of 
line utilization and nonpayment to the banking system, etc., and determine 
whether or not the requested information is to be sent to the subscriber 
terminal. 
In requesting the information list, the subscriber terminal can assign a 
selecting condition of information. In such case, the communication 
controller 1070 extracts the selecting condition of information from the 
received data containing the information list request and reports it to 
the host computer 1010. The host computer 1010 searches the information 
library 1030 according to the selecting condition, produce a list of 
currently available information and sends it to the information 
compressing processor 1040 together with the conditions of the subscriber 
terminal. The data of the information list which is compressed by the 
information compressing processor 1040 is stored in the first memory 1050 
and the attribute information necessary for decompressing the information 
in the subscriber terminal is stored in the second memory 1060. The data 
stored in the first and second memories 1050 and 1060 are sent through the 
communication controller 1070 and the digital communication line 630 to 
the subscriber terminal under permission of the host computer 1010. The 
subscriber terminal which receives the information list data 1102 
decompresses the compressed data and selects the information and, then, 
requests the information transmitter 620 to send the selected information. 
The information list request 1101 from the subscriber terminal to the 
information transmitter is not always made every transmission request of 
information. For example, the request can be made at a time of information 
search or regularly, for example, once a month. 
When the communication controller 1070 responds to a reception of the first 
request 1103 from the subscriber terminal through the digital 
communication line 630 to extract conditions of the subscriber terminal 
such as the ID number, a management number of information requested to be 
transmitted and a valid term of information, etc., from the received data 
and reports them to the host computer 1010. The host computer 1010 
references the subscriber database 1020 according to the subscriber's ID 
number received from the communication controller 1070 to check the 
subscriber's conditions of line utilization and nonpayment to the banking 
system, etc., and determine whether or not the requested information is to 
be sent to the subscriber terminal. When it is determined that the 
requested information can be sent to the subscriber terminal, the host 
computer 1010 searches the information library 1030 according to the 
management number of the requested information to check whether or not the 
requested information can be available for the subscriber terminal. If it 
is available for the subscriber, the requested information is transferred 
from the information library 1030 to the information compressing processor 
1040. 
The information compressing processor 1040 compresses the information 
transferred from the information library 1030 and the compressed data is 
stored in the first memory 1050. Upon a permission of transmission from 
the host computer 1010, the data stored in the first memory 1050 is 
transferred to the data communication controller 1070 from which the first 
data 1104 which is the compressed data is transmitted through the digital 
communication line 630 to the subscriber terminal. Since, in general, an 
amount of data of the first data 1104 transmitted upon the first request 
1103 is substantial and there is an upper limit of an amount of 
information transmitted in unit time through the digital communication 
line 630, it takes a certain time necessary to transmit the first data 
1104 upon the first request 1103. 
On the other hand, since an amount of data of the second data 1106 which is 
the attribute information stored in the second memory 1060 and is 
necessary to decompress the information in the subscriber terminal is 
small compared with that of the compressed first data 1104, it can be 
transmitted within a negligibly short time. 
In the subscriber terminal, the first data 1104 transmitted according to 
the first request 1103 is recorded in, for example, an optomagnetic disc 
device. In order to decompress and reproduce the first data 1104, the 
subscriber terminal sends the second request 1105 through the digital 
communication line 630 to the communication controller 1070 of the 
information transmitter 620 to request a transmission of the attribute 
information necessary to decompress the data. 
The communication controller 1070, when receives the second request 1104 
requesting the transmission of information from the subscriber terminal 
through the digital communication line, extracts the ID number of the 
subscriber terminal and the management number of the requested information 
from the received data and reports it to the host computer 1010. The host 
computer 1010 references the subscriber database 1020 according to the ID 
number to check the subscriber's conditions of line utilization and 
nonpayment to the banking system, etc., and determine whether or not the 
requested information is to be sent to the subscriber terminal. When it is 
determined that the request is acceptable, the host computer 1010 issues a 
transmission permission to the second memory 1060 and transfers the second 
data 1106 stored in the memory 1060 to the communication controller 1070. 
The communication controller 1070 transmits the attribute information 
through the digital communication line 630 to the subscriber terminal. 
The second data 1106 transmitted in response to the second request 1105 is 
stored in the memory of the subscriber terminal. The compressed data 1104 
received in response to the first request 1103 is decompressed by using 
the attribute information of the second data 1106. 
When the transmission of the second data 1106 from the information 
transmitter 620 to the subscriber terminal is completed, the host computer 
1010 of the transmitter 620 updates the management information of the 
subscriber database 1020. Then, the transmitter 620 transmits a billing 
information 1107 to the banking system terminal 644 to bill the latter for 
the fee of the subscriber. 
An operation of the information compressing processor 1040 will be 
described with reference to FIG. 12 which is a block diagram of the 
processor 1040. In order to most efficiently compress the information, it 
is necessary to select a compression method most suitable for a 
characteristics of each of data to be compressed. Therefore, although not 
shown in FIG. 12, a circuit for determining the kind of information at a 
time of the input of information, compression circuits suitable for the 
respective information and a selector circuit for switching the 
compression circuits according to the information are provided in the 
information compressing processor 1040. 
The operation will be described assuming the video signal as an example of 
the information to be compressed. 
In FIG. 12, the information compressing processor 1040 includes a 
discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) circuit 1241, a quantizer 1242, a 
quantization table setting circuit 1243, a scale factor setting circuit 
1244, an entropy coding circuit 1245, a time code separator circuit 1246, 
a first multiplexer circuit 1247 and a second multiplexer circuit 1248. 
The host computer 1010 received the first request 1103 from the subscriber 
terminal assigns the information requested by the subscriber terminal to 
the information library 1030. The information library 1030 responds 
thereto to start a data transfer of the assigned information to the 
information compressing processor 1040. The video signal input to the 
information compressing processor 1040 is divided to blocks each 8.times.8 
pixels and is frequency-converted by the DCT circuit 1241 every block. The 
video signal input to the DCT circuit 1241 is a digital signal. Therefore, 
when the video signal input to the information compressing processor 1040 
is an analog signal, it is necessary to convert it into a digital signal 
by means of a A/D converter, not shown, before it is input to the DCT 
circuit 1241. 
In general, the input video signal contains a time code for editing it 
during a vertical synchronizing period and a user's bit information. The 
time code separator circuit 1246 separates the time code and the user's 
bit from the input video signal and supplies them to the host computer 
1010. The host computer 1010 changes the scale factor and the quantization 
table periodically or in irregular time interval produced by generating 
random number, while referencing the time code and the user's bit by 
setting the quantization table and the scale factor in the quantization 
table setting circuit 1243 and the scale factor setting circuit 1244 
sequentially, respectively. The quantizer circuit 1242 quantizes the DCT 
coefficient according to these settings. And, the quantized DCT 
coefficient is variable-length coded by the entropy coding circuit 1245 to 
compress the video signal. The compressed video signal is attached by the 
multiplexer circuit 1247 with an ID number issued by the host computer 
1010 and stored in the first memory 1050. This data becomes the first data 
1104. The attribute information of the scale factor, the quantization 
table and the time code, which is necessary for decompression of the 
compressed data, is attached by the multiplexer circuit 1248 with the same 
ID number as that attached to the first data 1104 and stored in the second 
memory 1060. This data is the second data 1106. 
A correspondence between the first data 1104, the compressed data, and the 
second data 1106, the attribute information, which are transferred 
separately in time, must be fixed. In order to realize this, the host 
computer 1010 assigns the same ID number to both of them. The second 
request 1105 which is issued when the subscriber terminal decompresses and 
reproduces the information is attached with the ID number extracted from 
the first data 1104, upon which the second data 1106 stored in the second 
memory 1060 is transmitted. 
In the subscriber terminal, the correspondence between the compressed data 
and the attribute information is established by means of the common ID 
number and thus it is possible to decompress and reproduce the compressed 
data. Further, in order to decompress and reproduce the compressed data 
received by the subscriber terminal, an attribute information related to 
the scale factor and the quantization table synchronized with the time 
code is necessary since the transferred compressed data is in a state as 
if it is scrambled. 
When the subscriber terminal is designed such that it can not record the 
attribute information received thereby in a non-volatile recording medium 
such as an optomagnetic disc, it is possible to bill for the subscriber by 
counting the number of requests for the attribute information. 
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an internal construction of another 
embodiment of the subscriber terminal 641 to 643. The subscriber terminal 
includes a micro computer 1301, a control panel 1302, a communication 
controller 1303, an optomagnetic disc 1304, a memory 1305, a decompression 
processor 1306, a format transform circuit 1307 and a monitor 1308. The 
decompression processor 1306 includes an entropy decoder circuit 1311, a 
scale factor setting circuit 1312, a quantization table setting circuit 
1313, an inverse-quantizer circuit 1314 and an inverse-DCT circuit 1315. 
The control panel 1302 functions to control all of operations of the 
subscriber terminals related to human interface and is capable of 
operating and displaying the information request 1101, the information 
search and selection, the first request 1103, the second request 1105 and 
decompression and reproduction. 
The micro computer 1301 controls the whole subscriber terminals. The first 
data 1104 and the second data 1106 received through the ISDN communication 
line 630 are identified in the communication control circuit 1303 under 
control of the micro computer. The first data 1104 is recorded on the 
optomagnetic disc 1304. The optomagnetic disc 1304 may be housed in the 
subscriber terminal or detachable with respect to the subscriber terminal. 
On the other hand, the second data 1106 is stored in the memory 1305 
provided in the subscriber terminal in such manner that the content of the 
memory 1305 can not be derived externally of the terminal. 
When the micro computer 1301 receives a command from the control panel 1302 
for decompression and reproduction, it instructs the communication control 
circuit 1303 and the memory 1305 to read out the data from the 
optomagnetic disc 1304 and the memory 1305 and to start the decompression 
in the decompression processor circuit 1306. The first data 1104, the 
compressed data, reproduced from the optomagnetic disc 1304 is decoded by 
the entropy decoder circuit 1311. On the other hand, the scale factor read 
out from the memory 1305 is set in the scale factor setting circuit 1312 
and the quantization table read out from the memory 1305 is set in the 
quantization table setting circuit 1313. The decoded, compressed data is 
inverse-quantized by the inverse-quantizer 1314 according to a value of 
the quantization table set in the quantization table setting circuit 1313 
and a value of the scale factor set in the scale factor setting circuit 
1312 and, then, decompressed by the inverse DCT circuit 1315. The micro 
computer 1301 confirms a consistence between the ID numbers stored in the 
optomagnetic disc 1304 and the memory 1305 and controls an output from the 
memory 1305 to sequentially set the quantization table setting circuit 
1313 and the scale factor setting circuit 1312. 
The decompressed video signal is attached with a sync signal by the format 
transform circuit 1307, converted into the analog signal by the D/A 
converter if necessary and displayed on the monitor 1308. 
Thus, by preliminarily receiving and recording the first data 1104 in the 
subscriber terminal, it is possible to decompress and reproduce by 
receiving the second data within a negligible, very short time. 
Although the embodiment was described by taking the construction including 
a dedicated hardware for decompressing the compressed data as an example, 
it is possible to perform the operation of the compression processor 1306 
by a software of the micro computer 1301. 
Further, although the ISDN or CATV is used as the digital communication 
line, other communication line such as optical communication network, a 
modem using an analog telephone line or a local area network may be used. 
The optomagnetic disc used as the recording medium for recording the 
compressed data may be substituted by a digital signal 
recording/reproducing apparatus such as digital VTR, digital audio tape 
recorder, optical disc device or hard disc device. 
According to the present invention, an information requested by a 
subscriber terminal is compressed and the compressed information is 
divided to a compressed data and its attribute information. A common ID 
number is attached to the compressed data and the attribute information 
and the latter two are transmitted to the subscriber terminal separately 
in time. In the subscriber terminal side, the compressed data received can 
not be decompressed without the attribute information. Further, when the 
subscriber terminal is constructed such that the attribute information can 
not be recorded on a non-volatile recording medium, a copyright of the 
information is protected and it is possible to bill the subscriber 
according the number of times he requests the attribute information. 
On the other hand, when the compressed data is preliminarily received and 
recorded on the side of the subscriber terminal, it is possible to 
decompress and reproduce the received and recorded compressed data by 
receiving only the attribute information within a very short time.