Insecticide-comprising gel formulations for vapor-producing systems

The present invention relates to new gel formulations for the controlled and sustained release of insecticidal active compounds by means of a heat source, these gel formulations comprising at least one pyrethroid-type insecticidal active compound and at least one vaporization-controlling substance in combination with an inorganic solid suitable as a gel former.

The present invention relates to new gel formulations for the controlled 
and sustained release of insecticidal active compounds by means of a heat 
source. These new gel formulations are characterized in that they comprise 
at least one type of insecticide, and at least one 
vaporization-controlling substance (vaporization modifier) in combination 
with a solid suitable as a gel former. 
The object of the present invention consists in formulating insecticidal 
active compounds in such a manner that the latter are not only 
storage-stable, but are additionally suitable, in conjunction with organic 
and inorganic adjuvants, stabilizers, antioxidants, perfumes and 
colorants, for uniform and prolonged vaporization by means of a heat 
source without undergoing decomposition. This is intended to achieve an 
optimum effectiveness and duration of action while keeping the energy 
input as low as possible. This new active compound formulation is intended 
to be employed in thermoformed, deep-dram or cast containers, made of 
polymer or metal, which are open or closed by a suitable fabric, polymer 
films, for example polypropylene film, or metal, these being permeable to 
the volatile components. These thermoformed or deep-drawn containers can 
be employed in an electrical heating device for killing insects, for 
example mosquitoes. Examples of such thermoformed or deep-drawn containers 
are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,614, WO 81/0241, U.S. Pat. No. 
4,145,001 and European Offenlegungsschrift 0,300,286. 
In the case where mosquitoes are killed using an electrical heating device, 
a so-called tablet vaporizer, it is generally known that specifically 
selected substances, such as cellulose board and cotton board, asbestos, 
ceramics and/or porous synthetic resins are impregnated with pyrethroid 
insecticides to obtain insecticide tablets, the insecticides being 
volatilized by the action of the mosquito killer heating device, which 
generates a temperature of 120.degree.-190.degree. C. 
A considerable disadvantage of these tablet vaporizers is the unfavorable 
ratio between energy input and active compound to be vaporized, since the 
proportion of active compounds relative to the adjuvants are to be 
considered as low. Furthermore, the high working temperature of these 
tablet vaporizers means that only few active compounds are suitable for 
this purpose in the first place, and that, moreover, these active 
compounds are released over their predetermined period of action in a 
non-uniform manner, for system reasons. The period of action of these 
vaporizer tablets is limited to a maximum of 12 hours. Finally, the 
unfavorable ratio of active compound/carrier requires a substantial, 
constantly available stock of vaporizer tablets, which means that large 
amounts of material are necessary as carriers and packaging material. 
The devices which are already widely used for domestic premises, in which a 
solution of an insecticidal active compound is vaporized by means of a 
heated wick (GB2153227) and where the active compound is dissolved in a 
kerosene mixture of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons which is vaporized 
electrically by means of the wick, also have considerable disadvantages. 
Apart from the fact that these vapor-producing systems also operate at 
temperatures of between 120.degree. and 190.degree. C., they require a 
specific distribution system (wick) and considerable amounts of solvents. 
When the product is used, the superproportional amount of solvents 
relative to the active compound results in a high concentration of 
solvents or adjuvants in the room, which, in turn, leads to dirtying of 
walls and objects in the vicinity of these devices, which has frequently 
been observed by consumers and given cause for complaint. 
Other disadvantages of these formulations are the high volume of the 
solvent containers and the risk of the solvent leaking, which means that 
there are substantial problems during transport and hazards in use. 
The present invention therefore relates to a gel formulation of 
insecticides which avoids all the above-described disadvantages, which is, 
moreover, simple to use, that is to say for example in vapor-producing 
devices which are known already, of the type described in EP 0 321 729, 
and which at the same time guarantees uniform release of the active 
compound over up to 100 days, preferably up to 60 days, while operating at 
a low temperature of 70.degree.-120.degree. C. 
The insecticide-comprising gel formulations according to the invention 
include mixtures which comprise at least one type of a pyrethroid 
insecticide, one vaporization-controlling substance and one inorganic 
solid which is suitable as gel former. Moreover, organic or inorganic 
adjuvants, stabilizers, perfumes and colorants may be added to the 
mixtures. 
The gel formulations according to the invention are prepared by first 
stirring at room temperature in a suitable mixing apparatus (planetary 
paddle mixer) the active compound with the vaporization modifier and 
stabilizer and, if appropriate, additional solvents, until a clear 
solution is formed. Then, the gel former is added in vacuo, and the 
mixture is stirred vigorously until a homogeneous gel is formed. Before 
the gel former is mixed in to give the final gel product, perfume oils and 
colorants can optionally be added to the existing clear solution with 
stirring until the mixture is completely homogeneous. 
The following are preferably used as pyrethroid active compounds: 
1) Natural pyrethrum; 
2) 3-allyl-2-methylcyclopenta-2-en-4-on-1-yl DL-cis/trans-chrysanthemate 
(allethrin, Pynamin.RTM.); 
3) 3-allyl-2-methylcyclopenta-2-en-4-on-1-yl D-cis/trans-chrysanthemate 
(Pynamin forte.RTM.); 
4) D-3 -allyl-2-methylcyclopenta-2-en-4-on-1-yl D-trans-chrysanthemate 
(Exrin.RTM.); 
5) 3 -allyl-2-methylcyclopenta-2-en-4-on- 1-yl D-trans-chrysanthemate 
(Bioallethrin.RTM.); 
6) N-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide)-methyl DL-cis/trans-chrysanthemate, 
(phtalthrin, Neo-pynamin.RTM.); 
7) 5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl D-cis/trans-chrysanthemate (resmethrin, 
Chrysron-forte.RTM.); 
8) 5-(2-propargyl)-3-furylmethyl chrysanthemate (furamethrin); 
9) 3-phenoxybenzyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate (permethrin, 
Exmin.RTM.); 
10) phenoxybenzyl D-cis/trans-chrysanthemate (phenothrin, Sumithrin.RTM.); 
11) .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate 
(fenvalerate, Sumicidin.RTM.); 
12) (S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R, 
cis)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate; 
13) (R,S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R, 
1S)-cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate; 
14) .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl D-cis/trans-chrysanthemate; 
15) 1-ethinyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl cis/trans-chrysanthemate; 
16) 1-ethinyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl 2,2-dimethyl-3 
-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate; 
17) 1-ethinyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl 2,2,3,3 
-tetramethylcyclopropane-carboxylate; 
18) 1-ethinyl-2-methyl-2-pentenyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) 
cyclopropane-1-carboxylate; 
19) 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl 
(+)-1R-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropane-carboxylate 
(transfluthrin) 
20) (RS)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-prop-2-ynylcylopent-2-enyl 
(1RS)-cis/trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopanecarboxylate 
or mixtures of these active compounds. 
The active compound 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl 
(+)-1R-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropane-carboxylate 
(transfluthrin) is particularly preferably used. 
Vaporization-controlling substances, so-called vaporization modifiers, 
which can be employed are (poly)aromatic as well as acyclic hydrocarbons 
in pure form and in the form of mixtures. The following are preferably 
employed: diphenyl, diphenyl ether, o-, m-, p-terphenyl, mixtures of 
hydrogenated hydrocarbons, for example in their commercially available 
forms, Diphyl THT.RTM. an isomeric mixture of partially hydrogenated 
terphenyls available from Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Santotherm.RTM., Therm 
S 900.RTM., butyl stearate, butyl oleate, methylacetyl ricinoleate, 
diethylglycol distearate; Isopar V.RTM., Exol D140.RTM., butoxyethyl 
stearate, tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate, epoxymethyl stearate, epoxybutyl 
oleate and the like; dibasic aliphatic acid esters, for example didecyl 
adipate, di-2-ethylene adipate, dimethoxyethyl adipate, di-2-ethylene 
azelate, diisodecyl azelate, di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, 
dioctyl malate, dioctyl fumarate and the like; aromatic carboxylic esters, 
for example diethyl glycol benzoate, trioctyl trimellitate, 
tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimesate and the like; inorganic acid esters, for 
example tricresyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, tributyl 
phosphate and the like; phthalic esters, for example di-2-ethylhexyl 
phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate 
and the like, citric esters, for example triethyl citrate, tributyl 
citrate, tributylacetyl citrate and the like. 
Particularly preferred vaporization modifiers are: 
Butyl stearate, butyl oleate, methylacetyl ricinoleate, diethylene glycol, 
di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, dioctyl fumarate, diethylene glycol benzoate, 
tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate, tricresyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl 
phosphate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, o-, m-, p-terphenyl, didecyl 
phthalate, tributylacetyl citrate, tributyl citrate, diphyl THT.RTM., 
Santotherm.RTM. or Therm S900.RTM.. 
Very particularly preferred vaporization modifiers are Diphyl THT.RTM., 
Santotherm.RTM. Thetin S900.RTM. or o-, m-, p-terphenyl. 
Diphyl THT.RTM. is especially preferably employed as vaporization modifier. 
Gel formers which are employed are highly-disperse silicas such as, for 
example, Aerosilox 50.RTM., Aerosil 50.RTM., Aerosil 130.RTM., Aerosil 
150.RTM., Aerosil 200.RTM., Aerosil 300.RTM., Aerosil 380.RTM., Aerosil 
Mox80.RTM.or sodium stearate. 
Preferred gel formers which are employed are Aerosil 200.RTM., Aerosilox 
50.RTM., Aerosil 50.RTM., Aerosil 130.RTM., Aerosil 150.RTM., Aerosil 
300.RTM., Aerosil 380.RTM.or Aerosil Mox80.RTM.. 
Aerosil 200.RTM. is especially preferably used as gel former. 
The insecticide-comprising gel formulations according to the invention can 
be stabilized with the aid of antioxidants by admixing, to the 
formulation, a UV absorber as an additive. UV absorbers which can be 
employed are all known UV absorbers. 
UV absorbers which are preferably employed are phenol derivatives such as, 
for example, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), 
bisphenol derivatives, arylamines such as, for example, 
phenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine, phenyl-.beta.-naphthylamine, a condensate of 
phenetidine and acetone or the like, or benzophenones. 
The following are suitable organic and inorganic adjuvants: 
Ammonium salts and ground natural rocks such as kaolins, clays, talc, 
chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and 
ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-disperse silica, alumina and 
silicates; as solid carriers for granules there are suitable: 
for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, 
pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and 
organic meals, as well as granules of organic material, such as sawdust, 
coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; as emulsifying and/or 
foam-forming agents there are suitable: 
for example non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene 
fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example 
alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, 
arylsulfonates and albumen hydrolysates; as dispersants there are 
suitable: 
for example lignin-sulfite waste liqors and methylcellulose. 
Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers 
in the form of powders, granules or latexes, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl 
alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids, kephalins 
and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the 
insecticide-comprising gel formulations according to the invention. Other 
additives can be mineral and vegetable oils. 
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, such as iron 
oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as 
alizaryn dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and 
trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, 
molybdenum and zinc. 
These colorants which are added to the gel formulations according to the 
invention allow, on the one hand, the gel in the film container to be 
clearly seen, and, on the other hand, can be used for visually detecting 
the end of the biological activity of the system. 
To this end, the film container together with the colored gel is introduced 
into a heating device whose front is transparent or provided with an 
observation slit. 
As the heating device is used, the contents of the film container, not 
visible by color labeling on the container itself or on the heating 
device, dry. 
Only the empty film container can be seen through the transparent front of 
the heating device or through the observation slit. 
A further variant of visually can be also effected by changing detecting 
the end by adding colorants the color to a different color when the active 
substances and, if appropriate, the solvent have evaporated. 
Deodorants may be added to the formulations according to the invention, 
such as, for example, lauryl methacrylate, geranyl crootonate, 
acetophenone myristate, p-methylacetophenone benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, 
benzyl propionate, amyl cinnamaldehyde, anisaldehyde, diphenyl oxide, 
methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, methylphenyl acetate, ethylphenyl 
acetate, neoline, safrole, and the like. 
Other substances which can furthermore be added to the formulations 
according to the invention are natural perfumes such as, for example, 
musk, cibet, ambergris, castoreum and similar perfumes; ajowan oil, almond 
oil, absolute of amberseed, angeliac root oil, aniseed oil, basil oil, bay 
oil, benzoin resinold, essence of bergamot, birch oil, rosewood oil, 
absolute of common broom, cajeput oil, cananga oil, capsicum oil, caraway 
oil, cardamon oil, carrot seed oil, cassia oil, cedar wood oil, celery 
seed oil, cinnamon bark oil, citronella oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, 
cognac oil, coriander oil, cubeb oil, camphor oil, dill oil, taragon oil, 
eucalyptus oil, sweet fennel oil, galbanum resinoid, garlic oil, geranium 
oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, hop oil, absolute of hyacinth, absolute 
of jasmin, juniper berry oil, labdanum resinoid, lavender oil, bay leaf 
oil, lemon oil, lemon grass oil, lovage oil, mace oil, mandarin oil, 
absolute of mimosa, absolute of myrrh, mustard oil, absolute of narcissus, 
neroli oil, bitter orange, nutmeg oil, absolute of oak moss, olibanum 
resinoid, onion oil, opoponax resinoid, orange oil, orange flower oil, 
concrete iris, pepper oil, peppermint oil, Perubalsam, petitgrain oil, 
pine needle oil, absolute of rose, rose oil, rosemary oil, sandalwood oil, 
sage oil, spearmint oil, storax oil, thyme oil, balsa of tolu, absolute of 
tonka bean, absolute of tuberose, terpentine oil, absolute of vanilla pod, 
vetiver oil, absolute of violet leaves, ylang-ylang oil and similar 
vegetable oils and the like. 
Synthetic perfumes which can be added to the gel formulations according to 
the invention are: 
pinene, limonene and similar hydrocarbons; 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, 
linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, menthol, bomeol, 
borneylmethoxycyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, anisyl alcohol, cinnamyl 
alcohol, .beta.-phenylethyl alcohol, cis-3-hexanol, terpineol and similar 
alcohols; anethole, musk xylene, isoeugenol, methyleugenol and similar 
phenols; .alpha.-amylcinnamaldehyde, anisaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, 
cuminaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, decyl aldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, hexyl 
aldehyde, heptyl aidehyde, n-nonyl aldehyde nonadienol, citral, 
citronellal, hydroxycitronellal, benzaldehyde, methylnonyl acetaldehyde, 
cinnamaldehyde, dodecanol, .alpha.-hexylcinnamaldehyde, undecanal, 
heliotropin, vanillin, ethylvanillin, and similar aldehydes, methyl amyl 
ketone, methyl 13-naphthyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, musk ketone, 
diacetyl, acetylpropionyl, acetylbutyryl, carvone, methone, camphor, 
acetophenone, p-methylacetophenone, ionone, methylionone and similar 
ketones; amylbutyrolactone, diphenyl oxide, methylphenyl glycidate, 
nonylacetone, coumarin, cineol, ethylmethylphenyl glycidate and similar 
lactones or oxides, methyl formate, isopropyl formate, linalyl formate, 
ethyl acetate, octyl acetate, methyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cinnamyl 
acetate, butyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, isopropyl isobutyrate, geranyl 
isovalerate, allyl caproate, butyl heptylate, octyl caprylate, methyl 
heptinecarboxylate, methyl octinecarboxylate, isoamyl caprylate, methyl 
laurate, ethyl myristate, methyl myristate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl 
benzoate, methylcarbinylphenyl acetate, isobutylphenyl acetate, methyl 
cinnamate, styracin, methyl salicylate, ethyl anisate, methyl 
anthranilate, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl .alpha.-butylbutyrate, benzyl 
propionate, butyl acetate, butyl butyrate,-p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, 
cedryl acetate, citronellyl acetate, citronellyl formate, p-cresyl 
acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, ethyl cinnamate, ethylphenyl 
acetate, ethylene brassylate, geranyl acetate, geranyl formate, isoamyl 
salicylate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobornyl acetate, linalyl acetate, 
methyl anthranilate, methyl dihydrojasmonate, nonyl acetate, 
.beta.-phenylethyl acetate, trichloromethylenephenylcarbinyl acetate, 
terpinyl acetate, vetiveryl acetate and similar esters. These perfumes can 
be used on their own, or it is possible to use at least two thereof as a 
mixture with each other. In addition to perfume, the formulation according 
to the invention can, if appropriate, additionally comprise the additives 
conventionally used in the perfume industry, such as patchouli oil or 
similar volatilization inhibitors, such as eugenol, or similar viscosity 
regulators. 
In addition to the insecticidal active compounds, the gel formulations 
according to the invention can include battericides and fungicides used in 
technology, such as, for example, 
2,4,4-trichloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl ether, 
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-pyridine, 
alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride, 
benzyldimethyl-(2-)2-(p-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)ammon 
ium chloride, 4-isopropyltropolone, 
N-dimethyl-N-phenyl-N'-(fluorodichloromethylthio)sulfonamide, 
2-(4'-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole, N-(fluorodichloromethylthio)phthalimide, 
6-acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-dioxin, and the like, 
and bactericides and fungicides used in agriculture, such as, for example, 
zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc 
maneb complex, bisdimethyldithiocarbamoyl zinc ethylene 
bisdithiocarbamate, bis(di-methylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, the isomer of 
crotonic acid and 2,6-dinitro-4-octylphenyl and the like, 
or repellents such as, for example, 
dimethyl phthalate, 2,3,4,5-bis-(A2-butylene)tetrahydrofuran, 
2,3,4,5-bis-(.DELTA..sub.2 -butylene)tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (termed "DEET" hereinbelow), caprylic acid, 
diethylamide, 2,3,4,5-bis(.DELTA..sub.2 -butylene)tetrahydrofurrural, 
di-n-propyl isocinchomeronate, sec-butyl styryl ketone, nonyl styryl 
ketone, n-propylacetanilide, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, di-n-butyl succinate, 
2-butoxyethyl-2-furfurylidene acetate, dibutyl phthalate, 
tetrahydrothiophene, .beta.-naphthol, diallyl sulfide, 
bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide and the like, 
rodent repellents such as, for example, 
tetramethylthiuram disulfide, guanidine, naphthalenecresol, cycloheximide, 
zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, cyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethylsulphenyl 
dithiocarbamate, and the like, 
repellents for dogs and cats such as, for example, 
2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-8-al (termed "citral" hereinbelow), 0,0-diethyl 
S-2-ethylthioethyl dithiophosphate (termed "ETP" hereinbelow), 
0,0-dimethyl S-2-isopropylthioethyl dithiophosphate (termed "M12P" 
hereinbelow) and the like, 
bird repellents such as, for example, 
chloralose, 4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl-N-methylcarbamate, 
4-aminopyridinenthraquinone, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, diallyl 
disulfide and the like, 
rodenticides such as, for example, 
sodium monofluoroacetate, warfarin, coumachlor, fumarin, norbomid, 
N-3-pyridyl-methyl-N'-nitrophenylurea, .alpha.-naphthylthiourea, 
thiosemicarbazide, difenacoum, pival, chlorphacinon, cadciferol and the 
like. 
The gel formulations according to the invention are preferably prepared 
using solvents. Diluents which can be used are virtually all inert organic 
solvents. These preferably include aliphatic and aromatic, optionally 
halogenated hydrocarbons such as penlane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, 
petroleum ether, benzine, ligroin, benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene 
chloride, ethylene chloride, chloroform, tetrachloromethane, chlorobenzene 
and o-dichlorobenzene, ethers such as diethyl ether and dibutyl ether, 
glycol dimethyl ether and diglycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and 
dioxane, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl 
ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl 
acetate, nitriles such as, for example, acetonitrile and propionitrile, 
amides such as, for example, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and 
N-methylpyrrolidone, and also dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfone, 
hexamethylphosphoric triamide and Shellsol T.RTM.. 
The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95% by weight of 
insecticidal active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90% by weight. 
The formulations furthermore generally comprise between 1 and 90% by weight 
of vaporization modifiers, preferably between 40 and 80% by weight, and 
generally between 1 and 8% by weight of gel formers, preferably between 3 
and 6% by weight. The ratio of active compound/vaporization modifier in 
the insecticide-comprising gel formulations according to the invention is 
between 9 and 0.5, preferably 1. Preparation and use of the 
insecticide-comprising gel formulations according to the invention can be 
seen from the examples which follow. 
It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative 
but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments 
within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to 
those skilled in the art. 
TABLE 1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Insecticide Volatilization 
Example 
content Gel former 
Stabilizer 
modifier 
Solvent 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
1 39.5% 4% 1% 55.5% -- 
Transfluthrin .RTM. 
Aerosil 200 .RTM. 
BHT Diphyl THT .RTM. 
2 39.5% 6% 1% 53.5% -- 
Transfluthrin .RTM. 
Aerosil 200 .RTM. 
BHT Diphyl THT .RTM. 
3 23.8% 3.6% 0.6% 32% 40% 
Transfluthrin .RTM. 
Aerosil 200 .RTM. 
BHT Diphyl THT .RTM. 
Shellsol T .RTM. 
__________________________________________________________________________