SYNERGISTIC OIL DISPERSION AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING SPINETORAM

Synergistic oil dispersion agrochemical composition containing Spinetoram. More particularly the present invention relates to a synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticides; or a fungicides; or a plant health additive; or combination thereof. The present invention further relates to selection of suitable formulation excipients, process of preparation of the said oil dispersion formulation and its application in the field of agriculture.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a synergistic agrochemical composition. More particularly the present invention relates to a synergistic Oil Dispersion composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide; or a fungicides; or a plant health additive; or combination thereof. The present invention further relates to selection of suitable formulation excipients, process of preparation of the said oil dispersion formulation and its application in the field of agriculture.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

These days cultivation of crops and agriculture in general is cost intensive. Receiving a high yield from the cultivated crops is a key. Hence, to achieve higher yield, protecting crops from pests and diseases is vital. Hence the most effective way to control crop pests and diseases is the application of pesticides in accordance with the appropriate management practices with proper formulation thereof.

Treating plants with such a pesticides and plant health additives or combination thereof in appropriate formulation helps to reduce the crops/plants damage. Another advantage of treating the plants with the said combination is the improvement in plant growth overall plant health and increase in the crop yield.

Various kinds of agrochemical formulations are developed based upon active ingredients and scope of application thereof. Pesticides for agriculture purpose are available both in the pure form and as well as incorporated into agrochemical formulations, which typically comprise one or more active ingredients (AIs) and additional excipients substances that enhance the effects and facilitate the application thereof, such as carriers, adjuvants or additives. These formulations can be directly applied onto the crops or, more commonly, are applied after being diluted and the spray mixture formed. The formulation type to be used is primarily defined on the basis of physicochemical characteristics of the AI(s) and can be: soluble concentrate (SL), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion in water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), micro-emulsion (ME), oil dispersion (OD) or suspension concentrate (SC), dispersible concentrate (DC), capsule suspension (CS), dispersible granules (WG), wettable powder (WP) and others.

The various types of agrochemical formulations are the result of the existence of a large variety of AIs of different chemical natures. For example, a water soluble AI can be easily included into a water based SL while a high melting, water insoluble AI is commonly found in the form of a EC (Emulsifiable concentrate). For this reason, agrochemical formulations are distinct and can contain different inert components.

In recent years, OD (Oil Dispersion) formulations have been the subject of studies by companies and formulators because of their advantages with respect to the agronomic performance in the field as compared with conventional formulations. Active ingredients (AIs) formulated in different types of formulations usually exhibit different physicochemical characteristics based on type of formulation they are incorporated in. The different performance between them is due to the fact that ODs already contain in their composition oil, such as a mineral or vegetable oil, and emulsifiers, which can act as penetration adjuvants when applied in the field. Penetration adjuvants aid in the absorption of AIs by the plant and, in the case of some conventional formulations, they are used in association with the formulation in the spray mixture, ensuring agronomical effectiveness of the AI. Thus, OD formulations can be deemed “adjuvanted” formulations and do not require additional associated adjuvants to be applied in the field.

Though OD formulation is called as adjuvanted formulation it still requires various adjuvants along with formulation excipients. OD formulation presents several challenges in the process of manufacturing and developing stable and effective formulation with choice of proper formulation excipient or adjuvants. To obtain a good and stable formulation over time, optimal formulation additives are required in addition to optimum processes. There were several development and research done in the filed-field of formulation development of Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation. Dispersion and activation of active ingredients is the key to the stability of the formulation over time. Solvents or carrier used as a petroleum based or the aromatic solvent we replaced by the solvents in the form of vegetable oils. Vegetable oils application as a formulation excipients in OD formulation further have their own challenges for stable formulation due to stability issue associated with vegetable oil used and corresponding active ingredient. Although various research has been done in formulation development it has got many draw backs as having high dose of active ingredients and thereby maximizing the pesticidal load into the environment. Many OD formulations has less thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions; increases the toxicity hazards to the applicators and thereby decreasing the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides. Further some OD formulation with less suitable formulation excipients may lead to have less leaf penetration of spray droplets, and increases evaporation loss and minimize the absorption of active ingredients.

Therefore there is further need and scope in the formulation development of the OD formulation comprising one or more active ingredients with better stability profile and increases the synergistic effect of the active ingredients, reduces the toxicity with less introduction of toxic material in environment, which may reduce the dose of the pesticides and eventually produce less chemicals in environment, with better safety profile for contact pesticides.

AU2010220503B2 relates to a formulation of agrochemical compounds in oil suspension or oil dispersion. It further relates to a compound Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Thiacloprid, Nitenpyram, Acetamiprid, Clothianidin and Dinetofuran and derivatives thereof with nAChR binding ability are successfully formulated in oil suspension with the use of certain copolymeric anionic fatty-acid based dispersants, sorbitan derivatives, ionic surfactants, other non-ionic surfactants and inorganic polyvalent cationic salt dispersed in the oil. The compound further comprises Spinetoram along with various agrochemical compound to form Oil dispersion formulation.

US20110160054A1 relates to a Pesticidal mixtures comprising Spinetoram and cyanosulfoximine compounds. The said patent further relates to new pesticidal mixtures of active ingredients having synergistically enhanced action. The said active ingredients comprise cyanosulfoximine compounds, spinetoram and optionally other pesticidal effective compounds. The invention relates further also to methods and use of these mixtures for combating insects, arachnids or nematodes in and on plants and animals, and for protecting such plants and animals being infested with pests and also for protecting seeds. The said mixture of pesticide further comprises one or more insecticides and/or one or more fungicides as active ingredient.

U.S. Ser. No. 10/542,754B2 relates to a pesticidal composition that comprises a synergistically effective amount of Spinetoram and methoxyfenozide. The pesticidal composition comprises methoxyfenozide in an amount of at least three parts by weight per one part by weight of spinetoram. The said pesticidal composition further comprises an additive selected from a surfactant, a stabilizer, an emetic agent, a disintegrating agent, an antifoaming agent, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a binding agent, dye, filler, or combinations thereof.

CN107125260B relates to an insecticidal composition containing spinetoram and deltamethrin, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the content of spinetoram in the insecticidal composition is 10-35 wt %, and the content of deltamethrin in the insecticidal composition is 5-15 wt %. the said composition further relates to an insecticidal composition obtained by compounding spinetoram and deltamethrin, and also relates to a dispersible oil suspending agent formulation of the insecticidal composition containing spinetoram and deltamethrin, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of pesticides.

CN103098816A relates to pesticidal combination comprising two active ingredients indoxacarb and spinetoram and additives, wherein the weight ratio of indoxacarb to spinetoram is (30:1)-(1:30), and the weight sum of indoxacarb and spinetoram accounts for 2% to 85% by weight of the insecticidal composition. The said composition further comprises missible oil, microemulsion, suspending agent, wetting powder, aqueous emulsion or water dispersible granules.

There is however a need for improvement of these combinations. Single active combination used over a long period of time has resulted in resistance. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need in the art for a combination of actives that decrease the chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of insect-pests and diseases control.

In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, insect-pests and diseases. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which can still have a high stability and effective activity until end use. This problem especially occurs and may get worsen if more than one active compound is present in the mixture.

Therefore there is further need to formulate the novel OD formulation which increases the synergistic activities between active ingredients by using the appropriate formulation excipients; enhance the duration of control of insect-pests, and mites, fungal and bacterial diseases; reduce the doses of active ingredients and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment; has thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions; reduces the toxicity hazards to the applicators, i.e. improves the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides; and improves leaf penetration of spray droplets, retard evaporation loss and enhance the absorption of active ingredients.

There is however a need for improvement of OD formulations. Many a times it has been found that single or combination of active ingredients requires a high loading dose for the better results. Further this will create a higher loading of the pesticides in the environment. Further many of the OD formulation recipe is prone to lose stability when exposed to the higher temperature. In addition there are higher chances of formulation applied gets evaporated resulting in the loss of the active ingredients before penetration.

Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides or fungicides or plant health additive or combination thereof for the control of insect-pest. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for controlling insect pests and diseases (fungal diseases and bacterial diseases) on a full grown plant.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides; or fungicides; or plant health additive; or combination thereof that promote plant health and increase plant yield in the field.

Further object of the present invention is to provide suitable formulation excipients for the present Oil Dispersion formulation in order to produce stable and synergistic formulation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for the OD formulation.

Embodiment of the present invention can ameliorate one or more of the above mentioned problems.

Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the novel synergistic mixture of OD formulation for plant treatment comprising of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) any one of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides or fungicides or plant health additive or combination thereof can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides or fungicides or plant health additive or combination thereof; along with formulation excipients.

More particularly the aspect of the present invention is to provide the a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising possible combinations of Spinetoram+Insecticide; or Spinetoram+Insecticide A+Insecticide B; or Spinetoram+Fungicide; or Spinetoram+FungicideA+FungicideB; or Spinetoram+Plant Health Additive; or Spinetoram+Insecticide+Plant Health Additive; or Spinetoram+Fungicide+Plant Health Additive; or Spinetoram+Insecticide+Fungicide.

Further aspect of the present invention to provide novel agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising at least one active ingredient suspended in oil phase shows synergistic activity and stability over wide range of the conditions.

Further aspect of the present synergistic Oil Dispersion (OD) composition is to provide selection of suitable formulation excipients selected from category of super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, carrier or solvent, emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizers, buffering agent, antifoaming agent, preservative, anti-freezing agent and buffering agents.

Another aspect of the present invention to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent—Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).

Further aspect of the present invention to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising carrier or solvent selected fromPongamia/karanja/karanj oil; or palm oil; orpongamiaoil and palm oil; orpongamiaoil and jojoba oil; or palm oil and jojoba oil; orpongamiaoil and vegetable oil; or palm oil and vegetable oil; orpongamiaoil and palm oil and vegetable oil; or solvent; or both.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, an insecticide may be selected from Carbamates; Organophosphates; Phenylpyrazole; Pyrethroids; Nicotinic insecticides; Mectins; Juvenile hormone mimics; Chordotonal organs modulators; Mite growth inhibitors; Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane; Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase; Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation;Nereistoxin; Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors; Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1; Moulting disruptors; Ecdyson receptor agonists; Octopamin receptor agonists; METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors; Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers; Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl COA carboxylase; Diamides; Metadiamides; Isoxazolines; Baculoviruses; compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a fungicide may be selected from Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors; Cytoskeleton and motor proteins/cell division Inhibitors; Respiration inhibitors; Amino acids and protein synthesis inhibitors; Signal transduction inhibitors; Lipid or transport and membrane synthesis inhibitors; Sterol biosynthesis Inhibitors; Cell wall biosynthesis Inhibitors; Melanin synthesis in cell wall Inhibitors; Plant defence inducers; Unknown mode of action; Not classified (N); Chemicals with multisite activities (M)-multisite contact activities; Biologicals with multiple modes of action (BM); others.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, plant health additives are selected from bio-stimulants, plant growth regulators, microbial agents and micronutrients or mixture thereof.

The present synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides or fungicides or plant health additive or combination thereof described herein is obtained by a process comprising a step of preparing the liquid premix by charging the oil or solvent or both followed by adding super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent. The further step is adding the active ingredients into the premixed through milling for the proper size distribution. Further adding the thickening agent followed by stirring the slurry get prepared by milling process to prepare the final formulation. These agrochemical oil dispersion formulations can be used in spray mixtures in agriculture.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Formulation technology in the field of an agriculture is now seen as an “enabling technology” which can provide safe and effective products which are convenient to use. It can also modify the toxicity of active ingredients and improve their ability to target a specific pest. At a time when the discovery of new agrochemical compounds is more difficult and certainly a high risk and expensive operation, formulation technology can extent the useful patent life of an active ingredient. It can also provide a competitive edge by improving product quality of existing formulations, or by introducing a new formulation of an active ingredient.

OD formulations are non-aqueous dispersion intended for dilution into water before use, and represent the most complex of the non-aqueous suspension formulations. Oil dispersion (OD) formulations consist of a suspension of a solid technical in oil. The oil also serve as a carrier or solvent for additives. The oil dispersion is usually dispersed in water prior to spraying.

An Oil Dispersion is a non-aqueous suspension concentrate. It combines a very good biological efficacy with an environmental friendly formulation. The active ingredient is dispersed in oils or methylated crop oils.

Oil Dispersion formulation comprises with some features as it comprises no aromatic solvent or reduced amount of aromatic solvent; is non-aqueous formulation; non-flammable and low volatility; higher efficiency.

Oil Dispersion (OD) have several advantages over standard formulations. Emulsifiable Concentrates (ECs) formulations are under a strong regulatory pressure to replace toxic and flammable solvents with a less toxic and non-flammable solutions. The novel ODs meets these needs: the oil content gives a favourable eco-toxicological profile guarantying a very high biological efficacy. Further the novel OD formulations are non-toxic and non-flammable formulations. Over the EC formulation the novel OD formulation is having very high biological efficacy.

Suspension concentrates (SC) formulations are very safe formulations but the aqueous media is normally not ideal to boost the pesticide's biological efficacy. As an agriculture growers standard practice, tank mix adjuvants are added to guarantee a higher performance. The novel OD, with its oil content, guarantees the best biological results. For water sensitive active ingredients, the novel OD represents the sole technical solution to liquid formulation. The novel OD formulation over SC formulation is very safe formulation along with high biological performance. Further the novel OD formulation is ideal for all the active ingredients not stable in water.

Water dispersible granules (WDG) formulations are very safe but quite expensive. Optimal biological efficacy requires adjuvants. The novel OD, with its oil content and better particle size distribution, combines high efficacy with better cost. The novel OD formulation over WDG has economic significance as having better efficacy at a lower cost.

OD formulation presents several challenges in preparation and manufacturing phase. To obtain a good and stable formulation over time, optimal formulation additives are required in addition to optimum processes. Particular attention must be given to choice of all the formulation excipients. Its dispersion and activation are key to the stability of the formulation over time.

Some important requirement of the formulation excipients are perfectly dispersible in oil, no phase separation, easy milling, with no agglomeration, excellent oil emulsification, stable dilution, good coverage and penetration, even distribution through the whole formulation, provide the right yield value of active ingredients.

Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides or fungicides or plant health additive or combination thereof.

Further aspect of the present invention to provide novel agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising at least one active ingredient suspended in oil phase shows synergistic activity and stability over wide range of the conditions.

In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.

The term “synergistic”, as used herein, refers the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide the a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising possible combinations of Spinetoram+Insecticide; or Spinetoram+Insecticide A+Insecticide B; or Spinetoram+Fungicide; or Spinetoram+FungicideA+FungicideB; or Spinetoram+Plant Health Additive; or Spinetoram+Insecticide+Plant Health Additive; or Spinetoram+Fungicide+Plant Health Additive; or Spinetoram+Insecticide+Fungicide.

Further aspect of the present invention to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising formulation excipients from the category of emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizers, buffering agent, antifoaming agent, preservative, anti-freezing agent and buffering agents.

In an embodiment of the present synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation, at least one more of active ingredient component (B) is selected from compound from group of insecticide, or fungicide, or plant health additives or combination thereof.

In an embodiment of the present invention, an insecticide may be selected from Carbamates; Organophosphates; Phenylpyrazole; Pyrethroids; Nicotinic insecticides; Mectins; Juvenile hormone mimics; Chordotonal organs modulators; Mite growth inhibitors; Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane; Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase; Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation;Nereistoxin; Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors; Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1; Moulting disruptors; Ecdyson receptor agonists; Octopamin receptor agonists; METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors; Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers; Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase; Diamides; Metadiamides; Isoxazolines; Baculoviruses; compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a fungicide may be selected from Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors; Cytoskeleton and motor proteins/cell division Inhibitors; Respiration inhibitors; Amino acids and protein synthesis inhibitors; Signal transduction inhibitors; Lipid or transport and membrane synthesis inhibitors; Sterol biosynthesis Inhibitors; Cell wall biosynthesis Inhibitors; Melanin synthesis in cell wall Inhibitors; Plant defence inducers; Unknown mode of action; Not classified (N); Chemicals with multisite activities (M)-multisite contact activities; Biologicals with multiple modes of action (BM); others.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a fungicide may be selected from Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors; Cytoskeleton and motor proteins/cell division Inhibitors; Respiration inhibitors; Amino acids and protein synthesis inhibitors; Signal transduction inhibitors; Lipid or transport and membrane synthesis inhibitors; Sterol biosynthesis Inhibitors; Cell wall biosynthesis Inhibitors; Melanin synthesis in cell wall Inhibitors; Plant defence inducers; Unknown mode of action; Not classified (N); Chemicals with multisite activities (M)-multisite contact activities;

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a fungicide may be selected from:

Plant Health Additives:

Plant health additives are products that reduce the need for fertilizers and increase plant growth, resistance to water and abiotic stresses. In small concentrations, these substances are efficient, favouring the good performance of the plant's vital processes, and allowing high yields and good quality products. In addition, plant health additives applied to plants enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and/or plant quality traits, regardless of its nutrient contents. Several researches have been developed in order to evaluate the plant health additives in improving plant development subjected to stresses, saline environment, and development of seedlings, among others. Furthermore, various raw materials have been used in plant health additives compositions, such as humic acids, hormones, algae extracts, and plant growth-promoting bacteria. In this sense, this chapter aims to approach the use of plant health additives in plant growth according to the raw material used in their compositions as well as their effects on plants subjected to abiotic stresses.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, plant health additives are selected from bio-stimulants, plant growth regulators, microbial agents and micronutrients or mixture thereof.

The present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of insecticides or fungicides or plant health additive or combination thereof surprisingly results in a synergistic action. The combination of the present invention allows for a broad spectrum of insect-pest and diseases control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield. The broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.

The synergistic agrochemical mixture has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic pesticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the insect-pests and fungal and bacterial diseases that occur on plants or parts of plants of useful crops. The synergistic agrochemical composition of specific active ingredient has the special advantage of being highly active against insect pests and fungal and bacterial diseases that mostly occur on plant parts.

The novel OD formulations have very good fungicidal bactericidal properties and can be employed for controlling phytopathogenic fungi such as Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes, Plasmodiophoromycetes, Zygomycetes, and the like.

Examples which may be mentioned, but not by limitation, are some pathogens of fungal diseases

Which Come Under the Above Generic Terms:

The present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation comprising bioactive amount of (A) Spinetoram; and (B) at least one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticides; or a fungicides; or a plant health additive; or combination thereof provides:Improved leaf penetration of spray droplets, retard evaporation loss and enhance the absorption of active ingredients;Increase spreading properties on leaf surfaces, better wetting of waxy leaf surfaces;Increase penetration of active ingredients into the insect cuticles and insects with waxy cuticles like mealybug and scale insects;Improve leaf penetration of spray droplets and enhanced wetting of leaf surfaces;Improve rain fast properties.

Further present invention further provides increases in the synergistic activities between active ingredients.

The present novel synergistic OD formulation improves the residual control i.e. enhance the duration of control of insect-pests, mites and fungal and bacterial diseases.

The inventor has found that with the novel recipe of OD formulation, we can reduce the doses of active ingredients and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment.

The present novel OD formulations composition is without or reduced amount of aromatic solvent, so it's safe to the applicator and reducing the loading of aromatic solvent into the environment.

Oil Dispersion formulation of the present invention comprises carrier or solvent asPongamia, Palm or jojoba oil. Due to High flash point (smoke points) ofPongamia(>220 Celcius), Palm oil (>240° C.), Jojoba oil (>290° C.), the novel recipe of OD formulations are more stable and safer for storage at elevated temperature. Therefore the present novel recipe of OD formulations has thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions.

The novel recipe of OD formulations has better pourability, so it will minimize the wastage. The novel recipe of OD formulations are stable with wider pH range.

In the composition of the present OD formulation, we can reduces the toxicity hazards to the applicators, i.e. improves the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides.

The process for preparing the present synergistic oil dispersion formulation can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of manufacturing the formulation. However all such variations and modifications are covered by the scope of the present invention.

The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, carrier or solvent, dispersant or dispersing agent, emulsifying agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, preservatives and buffering agent.

Examples of super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used herein for present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation include but not limited to Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).

Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane can improve the penetration effect of pesticides and reduce the spray volume. It is used in the fields of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, plant growth regulating agents, and other aspects. (Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, a registered product of GE Silicones)

All the solvents or combination or blend thereof, used hereby for the present OD formulation may be present in their alkylated or ethoxylated or epoxylated or esterified form. All the said oils used as a carrier or diluent are procured from the vendor based in Gujarat State.

Examples of Carrier or solvents used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited toPongamia/karanja/karanj (Millettia pinnata/Pongamia pinnata/Pongamia glabra) oil alone; or Palm (Elaeisspp.) oil (Palm oil and palm kernel oil) alone; or Blend ofPongamiaoil and palm oil; or Blend ofPongamiaoil and Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis); or Blend of Palm oil and Jojoba oil; or Blend ofPongamiaoil and vegetable oil; or Blend of Palm oil and vegetable oil; or Blend ofPongamiaoil, Palm oil and vegetable oil.

Pongamiaoil is derived from the seeds of theMillettia pinnatatree, which is native to tropical and temperate Asia.Millettia pinnata, also known asPongamia pinnataorPongamia glabra, is common throughout Asia and thus has many different names in different languages, many of which have come to be used in English to describe the seed oil derived fromM. pinnata; Pongamiais often used as the generic name for the tree and is derived from the genus the tree was originally placed in. Other names for this oil include honge oil, kanuga oil, karanja oil, and pungai oil.

Pongamiaoil is extracted from the seeds by expeller pressing, cold pressing, or solvent extraction. The oil is yellowish-orange to brown in colour. It has a high content of triglycerides, and its disagreeable taste and odour are due to bitter flavonoid constituents including karanjin, pongamol, tannin and karanjachromene. The physical properties of crudepongamiaoil are as flash point of thepongamiaoil is 225° C.

Its fruits are used in abdominal remedies. Its seeds are used in tumor treatment. Oil is used for curing rheumatism. Leaves are used againstMicrococcus. Their leaves juices are used for the treatment of diarrhea cold and cough. It has curative effect for leucoderma and itches. Its oil is used as a lubricant, water paint binder. Utilization of Seed Cake as a Manure for having the proper N, P & K content and ratio. As a material for biogas (Methane) production. As a Material for Producing Proteins for Food, Pharmaceutical and Industrial Applications by Chemical and Biochemical Technologies. Production of Soluble Fibers for Food Uses.

It is medium sized tree and is found throughout India. The tree is drought resistant. Major producing countries are East Indies, Philippines, and India. The oil content varies from 27-39%. Its cake is used as pesticide and fertilizer. The deoiled cake when applied to soil, has pesticidal value, especially against nematodes and also helps in improving soil fertility. Karanja is often planted in home steads as a shade or ornamental tree and in avenue planting along roadside and canals. It is preferred species help in controlling soil erosion and binding sand dunes due to its dense network of lateral roots.

The persistence of karanj is greater than other tested botanical insecticides. The dosages at 1 and 2% of karanj oil give better control of insect pests compared with lower concentrations. Karanj oil and karanjin shows greater biological activity than other karanj extracts. The karanj oil shows good synergistic effect with a number of chemical insecticides. Therefore, karanj has great potential to be used as biopesticide because of its antifeedant; oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, roachicidal, juvenile hormone activity and insecticidal properties against a wide range of insect pests [Mukesh Kumar a & Ram Singh, Department of Entomology, Potential ofPongamia glabraVent as an Insecticide of Plant Origin, CCS Haryana, Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India, Published online: 24 Apr. 2012].

Botanical pesticides are also very potent insecticides and, due to their composition, they can help to fight the global problem of insects developing resistance to insecticides. Insecticides based on karanja oil shows efficiency againstL. decemlineatalarvae at different concentrations [Katerina Kovarikova and Roman Pavela; United Forces of Botanical Oils:

Efficacy of Neem and Karanja Oil against Colorado Potato Beetle under Laboratory Conditions; Plants 2019, 8, 608; doi:10.3390/plants8120608].

Palm Oil

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palmElaeis guineensis, and to a lesser extent from the American oil palmElaeis oleiferaand theMaripa palm Attalea maripa.

The use of palm oil in food and beauty products has attracted the concern of environmental groups; the high oil yield of the trees has encouraged wider cultivation, leading to the clearing of forests in parts of Indonesia and Malaysia to make space for oil-palm monoculture. This has resulted in significant acreage losses of the natural habitat of the three surviving species of orangutan. One species in particular, the Sumatran orangutan, has been listed as critically endangered.

PME (Palm-based Methyl Esters) as carrier solvents appear to enhance pesticide efficacy, which may allow for a reduction in dosage or frequency of application, help to control adverse effects and reduce the cost spent on pesticides. Therefore, PME as a carrier solvent in pesticide formulations is a promising prospect for the agrochemical industry [Sumaiyah Megat Nabil Mohsin; Ismail Ab Raman; Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan and Zainab Idris; Palm-based Methyl Esters as Carrier Solvents in Pesticide Formulations, Technical Report, January 2018, Page no. 32-38].

Jojoba oil is the liquid produced in the seed of theSimmondsia chinensis(jojoba) plant, a shrub, which is native to southern Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico. The oil makes up approximately 50% of the jojoba seed by weight. The terms “jojoba oil” and “jojoba wax” are often used interchangeably because the wax visually appears to be a mobile oil, but as a wax it is composed almost entirely (˜97%) of mono-esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols (wax ester), accompanied by only a tiny fraction of triglyceride esters. This composition accounts for its extreme shelf-life stability and extraordinary resistance to high temperatures, compared with true vegetable oils.

Jojoba oil shows an insecticidal activity. At lower as well has higher concentration jojoba oil has insecticidal properties and can be use plant protection management [Tahany, R. Abd E1-Zaher; Biological Activity of Four Plant Oils in the Form of Nano Products on the Larvae of Cotton leaf worm; Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences; Volume: 07, Issue: 02, April-June 2017, Pages: 239-249].

The term “vegetable oil” can be narrowly defined as referring only to substances that are liquid at room temperature, or broadly defined without regard to a substance's state (liquid or solid) at a given temperature. While a large majority of the entries in this list fit the narrower of these definitions, some do not qualify as vegetable oils according to all understandings of the term.

Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants. Some of these oils have been part of human culture for millennia. Edible vegetable oils are used in food, both in cooking and as supplements. Many oils, edible and otherwise, are burned as fuel, such as in oil lamps and as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Some of the many other uses include wood finishing, oil painting, and skin care.

Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of fruits. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, grape seed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of fruits. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible; non-edible oils derived mainly from petroleum are termed mineral oils.

Most, but not all vegetable oils are extracted from the fruits or seeds of plants. For instance, palm oil is extracted from palm fruits, while soybean oil is extracted from soybean seeds. Vegetable oils may also be classified by grouping oils extracted from similar plants, such as “nut oils”. Although most plants contain some oil, only the oil from certain major oil crops complemented by a few dozen minor oil crops is widely used and traded.

Oils from plants are used for several different purposes. Edible vegetable oils may be used for cooking, or as food additives. Many vegetable oils, edible and otherwise, are burned as fuel, for instance as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Some may be also used for cosmetics, medical purposes, wood finishing, oil painting, formulation ingredient in many pharmaceutical or agricultural formulations and other industrial purposes.

A dispersant or a dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lingo sulphonates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces.

Antifoaming agent for the present formulation is selected from various compounds and selectively used according to the formulation. Generally, there are two types of antifoam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl poly siloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

Examples of Antifoaming agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10˜C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8˜C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, poly dimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.

Examples of Anti-freezing agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.

Preservative used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Butyl hydroxyl toluene.

Stabilizers or stabilizing agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to hectorite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.

Examples of Buffering agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

These and other aspects of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.

Procedure: Manufacturing Process of Oil Dispersion (OD) Formulation

Preparation of Oil dispersion (OD) formulation:Part APreparation of the liquid premixStep 1Charge Vegetable oil (pongamia oil or palm oil or pongamia oil + palm oilor pongamia oil + jojoba oil or palm oil + jojoba oil or pongamiaoil + vegetable oil or paml oil + vegetable oil or pongamia oil + palmoil + vegetable oil) or solvent or both into a vessel with anchor stirrer.Step 2Under stirring, add the emulsifier/super wetting-spreading-penetratingagent (Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane) anddispersing agent and stir until all ingredients are dissolved completely.Part BPreparation of the slurryStep 1Now, charge the liquid premix into a second vessel, equipped with acooling and heating device and a high shear stirrer.Step 2Add the active ingredient(s) and homogenize thoroughly. Pre-mill thismixture and finally mill it using a bead mill/sand mill/attritor to achieve aparticle size distribution as required by the specification.Part CPreparation of the Thickener gelStep 1Charge the remaining oil or solvent to the vessel, equipped with a highshear stirrer.Step 2Add gradually the thickener which is organophilic clay, maintaining high-shear mixing throughout. Stirring is continued until thoroughly mixed.Step 3Under stirring, the thickener activating agent propylene carbonate isadded. Allow the gel to swell whilst maintaining mixing.Part DPreparation of the final formulationStep 1Now add the thickener gel or silica and disperse the mixture by using ahigh shear stirrer.Step 2Check the finished formulation to specification.Step 3After approval, material is packed in required pack sizes.

The novel OD formulation recipe of Spinetoram 4%+Tolfenpyrad 12% meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2° C. for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

Storage stability of Spinetoram 4%+Tolfenpyrad 12% OD (Conventional OD) shows poor pourability (93.5%), increase in particle size (D90, 10.6) at 12 months of room storage and also has lower spreading properties (10 mm).

The novel OD formulation recipe of Spinetoram 4%+Diafenthiuron 24% meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2° C. for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

Storage stability of Spinetoram 4%+Diafenthiuron 24% (Conventional OD) shows poor pourability (93%), increase in particle size (D90, 10.6) at 12 months of room storage and also has lower spreading properties.

The novel OD formulation recipe of Spinetoram 10%+Chlorantraniliprole 6% meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2° C. for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

The novel OD formulation recipe of Spinetoram 8%+Fipronil 8% meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2° C. for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

Lists of Preferred Combinations of Novel OD (Oil Dispersion) Formulation

The recipe of novel OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation of Spinetoram and insecticide were developed in the laboratory and field trials were carried out to study their benefits over conventional OD formulations.

The major objectives of studies are.To study the bio efficacy of novel OD formulation vs conventional OD formulationsTo study the residual control obtained by novel OD formulations vs conventional formulationsTo study the synergism

A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore, a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the pesticidal activities of the individual components.

In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S. R. in an article entitled “Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p. 20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two or three active components can be calculated as follows:

Colby's formula for calculating synergism between three active ingredients

Where, E=Expected % control by mixture/combination of Compound A, Compound B and Compound C in a defined doseX=Observed % control by Compound AY=Observed % control by Compound BZ=Observed % control by Compound C

If ratio of O/E>1, means synergism observed, O/E<1, means antagonism, O/E=1, means additive reaction

Colby's formula for calculating synergism between two active ingredient

Where,E=Expected % control by mixture/combination of Compound A and Compound B in a defined doseX=Observed % control by Compound AY=Observed % control by Compound B

Ratio of O/E>1, means synergism observed, O/E>1, means antagonism, O/E=1, means additive effect

Experiment 1: Bio-Efficacy and Residual Control Provided by Novel OD Formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide

Thrips(Scirtothrips dorsalis) control (%): Count the number of insects per twig by gently shaking the twig over black piece of paper. Record observations from such 3 twigs per plant and 10 plants per plot at 3, 7, 10 and 14 DAA (Days after application).

Apply Colby's formula to study the synergism.

The field trials results on 3DAA shows novel OD formulations (T1,T2, T3) and conventional OD formulations (T4, T5, T6) and on farm tank mixes (T7, T8, T9) provides synergistic control of chillythrips. Higher the value of CR (Colby's ratio) means stronger the synergism. At 3 DAA and 7 DAA, the novel OD formulations (T1,T2,T3) shows stronger synergism as compared to conventional OD formulation (T4,T5,T6). At 10 DAA and 14 DAA, only novel OD formulations (T1,T2,T3) provides synergistic control of chillythrips, whereas conventional OD formulations (T4,T5,T6) and on farm tank mixes (T7,T8,T9) does not shows 10 synergism. The novel OD formulations (T1,T2,T3) provides excellent residual and synergistic control of chillythripsas compared to conventional OD (T4,T5,T6) and on farm tank mixes (T7,T8,T9) treatments.

Experiment 2: Bio-Efficacy of Novel OD Formulation of Spinetoram+Insecticide Against Red Gram Pod Borer

Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larval control (%): Count the number of live larvae per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot on 3, 7 and 14 DAA. Calculate % larval control (Observed value) by given formula.

Apply Colby's formula to study the synergism.

Pod count: Count the number of healthy (undamaged) per plant, 10 plants per plot on 14th day after application. Calculate % increase in healthy pods per plant.

The field trial results shows all the novel OD formulations (T1,T2,T3, T4, T5, T6, T7) treatments provides very strong synergistic control of red gram pod borer larval control and excellent residual control up to 14 days. The on farm tank mixes treatments (T8,T9,T10,T11,T12,T13, T14) also provides the synergistic(with weak Colby's ratio) larval control on 3rd day and 7th day but that synergism does not exist on 14thday and does not contributing the residual control. The novel OD formulations treatments shows >80% increase in healthy pod count, whereas on farm tank mix treatments shows maximum 66% increase in healthy pod count over the untreated control.

Experiment 3: To Study the Impact of Different Dosages on Bio-Efficacy and Residual Control Provided by Novel OD Formulations Vs Conventional OD Formulations Against Sucking Pests Infesting Cotton Crop

Insect control (%)—Count the number of live insects (thrips) per leaf. Record the observations from 3 leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot on 2, 5 and 10 days after application (DAA).

Calculate % insect control by below formula.

The field trial results on bio efficacy against cottonthripsshows that when dose of novel OD formulation reduce from 750 ml/h (T2) to 625 ml/h (T1), the efficacy forthripscontrol drops by 4.6%, 5.1% and 7.1% on 2nd, 5th and 10th DAA respectively, where as dose of conventional OD formulation reduce from 750 ml/h (T4) to 625 ml/h (T3), the efficacy forthripscontrol drops by 5.2%, 8.5% and 12.5% on 2nd, 5th and 10th DAA respectively. The efficacy of on farm tank mixes (T6 to T5) drops drastically on 5thand 10thDAA. This means with the novel OD formulation we can optimize the dose and reduce the a.i. loading into the environment. Novel OD formulation of Spinetoram+Diafenthiuron is more stable, higher efficacious and consistent in efficacy.

Experiment 4: Bio Efficacy of Novel OD Formulation Against Chilly Sucking Pests

Crop: ChillyInsects:Thrips(Scirtothrips dorsalis), Yellow mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)Location: Umreth, Dist. Anand, GujaratTreatments: 12Plot size: 40 sq.m.Crop age: 65 days after sowing.Spray water volume: 450 liter per hectare Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle. Apply 2 spray at 10 days interval to assess the impact on fruit yield.Agronomic Practices: All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement, except insecticidal application.

Thrips(Scirtothrips dorsalis) control (%): Count the number of insects per twig by gently shaking the twig over black piece of paper. Record observations from such 3 twigs per plant and 10 plants per plot on 5th DAA (Days after application).

Mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) control (%): Count the number of motile stage of mite per microscopic field from 3 spot per leaf, 3 leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot. Calculate % insect control (Observed value) by given formula.

Apply Colby's formula to calculate synergism.

Fruit count: Count the number of healthy and marketable green fruits per plant and 10 plants per plot. Record the observations on 10th day after second spray. Recalculate the increase (%) in healthy fruits over untreated control.

All the ready mix novel OD formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide (T1,T2,T3, T4, T5) provides the synergistic control of chillythripsand mites and also yielded higher number of marketable green chilly fruits.

Experiment 5: Control of Sucking Pests Infesting Cotton Crop

Insect control (%)—Count the number of live insects (thripsand jassid separately) per leaf. Record the observations from 3 leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot on 5th days after application (DAA).

Apply Colby's formula to calculate synergism.

All the ready mix novel OD formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide (T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6) provides the synergistic control of cottonthripsand jassid and also produces higher number of fruiting bodies (square, flowers and bolls).

Experiment 6: Study of Rain Fastness Properties of Novel OD Formulation of Spinetoram+Insecticide

Methods for Rain Fastness Study:

The treatment application (spraying) was done knap sack sprayer by using 450 liter spray volume. After 60 minutes of spraying, artificial raining was done through overhead sprinkler system in trial plot for 30 minutes which was approximately equal to 10 mm of rainfall (measured by rain gauge).

Thrips(Thrips tabaci) control (%): The observations was recorded before the spray and 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the spray. Count the number ofthripsper flower by gentle shaking the flower on black piece of paper. Record the observations from 20 flower randomly selected covering entire plot. Calculate %thripscontrol as given in experiment 1.

The novel OD formulation of Spinetoram+Tolfenpyrad provides excellent control of marigold flowerthripsup to 14 days, as compared to their conventional OD formulation and tank mix.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Novel OD formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide provides higher efficacy compared to conventional OD formulation and their tank mixes.Novel OD formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide provide better efficacy at reduced dosages in comparison with conventional OD formulation, so we can reduce the active ingredients application rate and their by lowering the loading of active ingredients into the crop ecosystem.Novel OD formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide shows excellent rain fast action. This is very useful during the rainy season.Novel OD formulations of Spinetoram+Insecticide observed safe to the crop and does not have any kind of phytotoxicity symptoms.Novel OD formulation of Spinetoram+Insecticide produces higher number of fruits, flowers, square, bolls and there by yield of the treated crops.