Manual seat adjuster with dual locking means

An improved manual seat adjuster for selectively positioning a seat which requires as little space as possible to operate and that includes a primary and secondary locking arrangement for resisting greater than normal loading which may be experienced by the seat adjuster.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates generally to vehicle seat adjusters and more 
specifically to vehicle manual seat adjusters which are adjustable fore 
and aft and which include a latching mechanism for maintaining a seat in a 
desired adjusted position. 
Manual seat adjusters for a vehicle are well known in the art. A typical 
manually adjusted seat assembly will have two generally parallel seat 
adjusters each comprising a lower channel, sometimes referred to as a 
floor channel, connected to the vehicle. An upper channel with a seat 
attached is slidably carried by the lower channel and the lower channel 
and the upper channel are interconnected to prevent separation of the 
channels. Some form of latching mechanism is usually included to 
selectively adjust the position of the upper channel relative to the lower 
channel and thereby selectively position the seat relative to the vehicle. 
A typical manual seat adjuster is designed to normally withstand the 
vertically directed loads placed upon it by an occupant of the seat. But 
when a seat belt is attached to the seat adjuster, a sudden deceleration 
can cause the seat adjuster to experience a larger than normal force in a 
horizontal direction. Nonetheless, it is desirable to attach a seat belt 
to the seat adjuster so that when the position of the seat is adjusted the 
seat belt will still be comfortable and secure and will not have to be 
readjusted. As a result, if a seat belt is attached to the manual seat 
adjuster, the seat adjuster must be able to withstand the greater than 
normal horizontal and vertical loads placed upon it by the seat belt 
during the sudden deceleration situations. 
It is also desirable to have a manual seat adjuster which requires as 
little space and weight as possible to operate. Size and weight 
requirements are very important to automobile manufacturers in the present 
times. The smaller and lighter one can make a component of an automobile 
while still providing as good, or even improved, strength characteristics, 
the better. Therefor, a system to increase the strength of the manual seat 
adjuster without adding to the space required by the manual seat adjuster 
is needed. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved manual 
seat adjuster for selectively positioning a seat and that has a latching 
mechanism having primary and secondary locking means for increasing the 
seat adjuster's ability to withstand loads in a horizontal direction 
placed upon it by a seat belt during sudden deceleration situations. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved 
manual seat adjuster for selectively positioning a seat which requires as 
little space as possible to operate and that includes a primary and 
secondary locking arrangement for resisting greater than normal loading 
which may be experienced by the seat adjuster. 
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new and 
improved manual seat adjuster for selectively positioning a seat which 
reduces the space needed to operate and that includes a supplementary 
locking device incorporated in with the latching mechanism of the seat 
adjuster to allow the latter to withstand increased loads placed upon it 
by a seat belt during sudden deceleration situations. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and 
improved manual seat adjuster having a latching mechanism for selectively 
positioning a seat and that includes a supplemental locking means which 
together with the primary locking means of the latching mechanism serves 
to secure an upper channel in position relative to a lower channel of the 
manual seat adjuster when the seat encounters high load situations. 
The present invention meets the above mentioned objects by providing a seat 
assembly which has two similar parallel manual seat adjusters. Each of the 
manual seat adjusters comprise a lower channel which is fixedly mounted to 
a floor of the vehicle and an upper channel which is carried by the lower 
channel by a ball bearing assembly. The upper channel is interconnected 
with the lower channel to prevent the channels from being separated by a 
vertical force. The upper channel has a round pin hole and an oblong 
positioning hole formed in the top surface of the upper channel while the 
lower channel has evenly longitudinally spaced oblong slots formed in the 
bottom surface of the lower channel. A latching mechanism is carried by 
the upper channel and includes a vertically movable lock pin that 
cooperates with the oblong slots in the lower channel to provide a primary 
locking means for locking the upper channel to the lower channel during 
seat adjustment. More specifically, the latching mechanism includes a 
spring clip provided with a locator pin slot that is fixedly attached to 
the top surface of the upper channel. An actuator member provided with an 
oblong locator hole is pivotally attached to a side flange of the spring 
clip and a manually operated lift bar is attached to the actuator member. 
The lower channel and the upper channel define an interior space in which 
a sleeve member that serves as a guide for the lock pin and as a secondary 
locking device is located. The sleeve member has its upper portion fixed 
to the upper channel and has a set of lock tabs at its forward end and a 
positioning tab at its rearward end. In the preferred form, the lock pin 
has its upper end supported by the locator slot of the spring clip and is 
provided with an annular flange. The lock pin extends freely through the 
locator hole in the actuator member and is formed at its lower end with a 
conical tip adapted to move into one of the slots in the lower channel for 
locking the upper and lower channels together. When the seat adjuster is 
in the latched position, the conical tip of the lock pin is located in one 
of the slots of the lower channel and is maintained therein by the spring 
clip. When the lift bar is raised, the actuator member engages the annular 
flange of the lock pin against the bias of the spring clip to remove the 
lock pin from engagement with the accommodating slot of the lower channel 
so that the seat may be repositioned by the occupant of the seat. When the 
seat adjuster is subjected to an abnormally large forwardly directed 
horizontal force, the upper channel will cause the lock pin to tilt 
forwardly and similarly cause the sleeve member to tilt in the same 
direction so as to allow the lock tabs thereof to engage the slots of the 
lower channel and thereby help maintain the seat in a fixed position. 
Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent to those 
skilled in the art as disclosure is made in the following detailed 
description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which sets forth 
the best mode of the invention contemplated by the inventor and which is 
illustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring now to the drawings, a seat assembly 10 adapted to carry a seat 
(not shown) of a motor vehicle is shown in FIG. 1. The seat assembly 10 
comprises a pair of parallel manual seat adjusters 12 and 14, which are 
mirror images of each other. Each of the manual seat adjusters 12 and 14 
comprise a lower channel 16 which is fixedly mounted to a floor (not 
shown) of the vehicle by a pair of mounting brackets (not shown). The 
lower channel 16 has a plurality of evenly and longitudinally spaced 
oblong slots 18 formed therein separated by a plurality of webbing 19 
along a bottom surface of the lower channel 16. An upper channel 20 to 
which the seat and a seat belt system are normally attached is carried by 
the lower channel 16 by vertically spaced ball bearing assemblies 22, as 
shown in FIG. 3. The upper channel 20 has curved flanges 24 and 26 which 
are interconnected through the ball bearing assemblies 22 with projecting 
flanges 28 and 30, respectively, of the lower channel 16 to prevent the 
channels 16 and 20 from being separated by a vertical force. The lower 
channel 16 and the upper channel 20 together define an interior space 38 
between the two channels 16 and 20. As shown in FIG. 1 the upper channel 
20 has a round hole 32 and an oblong positioning hole 34 formed in a top 
surface 36 of the upper channel 20. 
As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the manual seat adjusters 12 and 14 
include a latching mechanism, made in accordance with the present 
invention, having a primary locking means for maintaining the associated 
seat adjuster in a latched position and also a secondary locking means in 
the form of a sleeve member 41 activated by the primary locking means when 
the seat adjuster is experiencing abnormally large horizontal forces as 
will be more fully explained hereinafter. 
More specifically, the latching mechanism 40 includes a spring clip 42 
formed with a locator slot 44 that is fixedly attached to the top surface 
36 of the upper channel 20 by a pair of rivets 46 and 48. An actuator 
member 50 is formed with an oblong locator hole 52 and a pair of laterally 
outwardly extending tabs 54 and 56 and is pivotally attached at its rear 
end to a side flange 58 of the spring clip 42 by a rivet 60. A generally 
U-shaped hand-operated lift bar 62 has a pair of arms 64 and 66 each of 
which define a pair of mounting holes 68 and 70 on each arm that mate with 
the tabs 54 and 56 of the associated actuator member 50. The lift bar 62 
is held in place by a biasing action of each of the arms 64 and 66 pushing 
against the actuator member 50 of the seat adjusters 12 and 14. 
As seen in FIG. 4, the sleeve member 41 is composed of a pair of high 
strength metal strips 73 and 75 locked together and located in the 
interior space 38 between the lower channel 16 and the upper channel 20. 
To lock the metal strips 73 and 75 together, the strips 73 and 75 are 
stamp pressed together with a pair of circular depressions 77, and the 
resulting deformation of the strips 73 and 75 locks them together to form 
the sleeve member 41. The mid-section of the sleeve member 41 is provided 
with a tubular portion 74 which defines a generally cylindrical opening 
74' and the forward lower end of the sleeve member 41 is provided with a 
set of lock tabs 76, 78 and 79 while the rear upper end thereof has a 
positioning tab 80. The upper end of tubular portion 74 has a pair of 
laterally spaced flanges 82 which extend through the hole 32 of the upper 
channel 20 and which are peened over to fixedly hold the upper portion of 
sleeve member 41 in contact with the upper channel 20, as can be seen in 
FIGS. 2 and 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the positioning tab 80 is normally 
located in the hole 34 to position the sleeve member 41 longitudinally in 
the interior space 38. 
The latching mechanism 40 also includes a lock pin 84 formed with an 
annular flange 86 and a projection 88 at a top end and a conical tip 90 at 
a bottom end. As seen in FIG. 2, the portion of the lock pin 84 adjacent 
the flange 86 is supported within the locator hole 52 of the actuator 
member 50, and the shank portion of the lock pin 84 extends through the 
tubular portion of the sleeve member 41. As should be apparent, the 
tubular portion of the sleeve member 41 serves as a guide for assuring 
that the lock pin 84 moves along a vertical axis so as to position the 
conical tip 90 in one of the slots 18 in the lower channel 16 when the 
seat adjuster is in the latched position of FIG. 2. The lock pin 84 is 
held in the FIG. 2 latched position by having the annular flange 86 
engaged by and biased downwardly by the spring clip 42 due to the top 
projection 88 of the pin 84 being located in the locator slot 44 of the 
spring clip 42. It will be noted that the lock pin 84 has minimal 
clearance with the inner surface of opening 74' in the tubular portion 74 
of the sleeve member 41 so as to allow the lock pin 84 to slide up and 
down but not allow the lock pin 84 to move fore and aft relative to the 
opening 74'. 
During operation of the vehicle, the seat assembly 10 is normally in a 
latched position as shown in FIG. 2. In the latched position, the spring 
clip 42 biases the flange 86 and accordingly the conical tip 90 of the 
lock pin 84 into one of the slots 18. To move the seat, an operator grasps 
the lift bar 62 and moves it upwardly to the unlatched position. The 
raising of the lift bar 62 causes the actuator member 50 to pivot upward 
about rivet 60 counteracting the biasing force of the spring clip 42 to 
withdraw the lock pin 84 from the slot 18 and permitting the latching 
mechanism 40 to assume the unlatched position so as to allow the seat to 
be adjustably moved to its next desired position. After the seat is moved 
to the desired position, the lift bar 62 is released, and it will fall to 
the latched position due to gravity. The lock pin will be biased by the 
spring clip 42 again and will tend to move downwardly towards a slot 18. 
The shape of the conical tip 90 tends to assist the lock pin 84 in 
entering a slot 18. 
If for some reason the lock pin should be located on the surface of a 
webbing 19 upon release of the lift bar 62, a slight movement of the seat 
fore or aft will allow the lock pin 84 to fall into the first available 
slot 18. Thus, the latching mechanism 40 overcomes the problem of 
ratcheting, (a situation where the lock pin 84 will not properly engage 
the intended slot 18 but will skip past it and engage a different slot 18 
or not engage any slot 18 at all), by allowing the lift bar 62 to fall to 
the latched position regardless of whether the lock pin 84 can enter a 
slot 18 or not. In other words, since the lift bar 62 can drop to the 
latched position, as explained above, even if the lock pin 84 is not in 
position to enter a slot 18 when the seat is moved to a desired location, 
the lock pin 84 will not have to overcome the inertia of the lift bar 62 
in order to engage the slot 18. Also, since the lock pin 84 does not have 
the inertia of the lift bar 62 to retard its propensity to enter a slot 
18, it will virtually always fall into the next available slot 18. 
Each of the manual seat adjusters 12 and 14 include the sleeve member 41 
which serves as a secondary locking means for adding strength to the seat 
adjuster so as to resist abnormally large forces applied to the seat 
adjuster in a horizontal direction when the seat belt assembly is attached 
to the upper channel 20. As aforementioned, the curved flanges 24 and 26 
of the upper channel 20 interconnect with the projecting flanges 28 and 30 
of the lower channel 16 to provide the necessary strength in a vertical 
direction and prevent the channels 16 and 20 from separating due to a 
vertical force from the seat belt assembly during sudden deceleration 
situations. The lock pin 84 of the latching mechanism 40 serves as a 
primary locking means and is more than strong enough to secure the seat in 
position horizontally during normal operating conditions. However, as is 
well known the seat can experience very large horizontal forces from the 
seat belt assembly when the vehicle decelerates rapidly from excessive 
speeds. So when a sudden deceleration of this type occurs, the lock pin 
84, which during normal deceleration situations acts solely to maintain 
the seat in place, is provided with assistance from the sleeve member 41 
to withstand the larger than normal horizontal loads placed upon it by the 
seat belt assembly. 
In this regard and as mentioned above, the lock pin 84 has minimal 
clearance with the accommodating opening 74' in the sleeve portion 74 of 
the sleeve member 41. As a result, when the latching mechanism 40 is in 
the latched position of FIG. 2 and when an extremely large forwardly 
directed horizontal force acts upon the upper channel 20 of the seat 
adjuster 12, such force will cause the upper part of the lock pin 84 to 
tilt forwardly causing the sleeve member 41 to tilt along with it, as 
shown in FIG. 6. Since the flanges 82 of the tubular portion of the sleeve 
member 41 are peened over, as mentioned above, and therefore the upper 
part of the sleeve member 41 is fixedly mounted to the upper channel 20, 
the upper channel 20 will deform slightly to allow the sleeve member 41 to 
tilt to the position seen in FIG. 6. After the sleeve member 41 tilts due 
to the buckling of the upper channel 20, the lock tabs 76, 78 and 79 of 
the sleeve member 41 will move downwardly as seen in FIG. 6 into the slots 
18a, 18b and 18c and engage sides of the webbing 19a, 19b and 19c causing 
the upper channel 20 to resist any further forward movement relative to 
the lower channel 16 and thereby arrest the horizontal motion of the seat 
relative to the vehicle. 
Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses the 
use of a vertical latching mechanism, it is not necessary that the 
latching mechanism 40 be latched in a vertical direction. The latching 
mechanism 40 could be latched in other directions as long as it allows for 
selective positioning of the upper channel 20 in relation to the lower 
channel 16 and includes a secondary locking means such as the sleeve 
member 41 so when the manual seat adjuster experiences a large horizontal 
force, the secondary locking means can supplement the primary latching 
means for securing the upper channel 20 in position relative to the lower 
channel 16. 
I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact 
details of construction shown and described inasmuch as obvious 
modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.