Collapsible carts

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include a collapsible cart configured to transition from a closed condition where it may be folded up to an open condition where it may be expanded for use, the collapsible cart including a rigid frame forming a compartment, the rigid frame having a front wall, a rear wall, a right sidewall, a left sidewall, and a bottom wall, the right sidewall and the left sidewall may be configured to fold inwardly in the closed condition. In some embodiments, the right sidewall including a first right panel rotatably coupled to a second right panel. In some embodiments, a retractable handle mechanism is disposed at, within or adjacent the back wall. The retractable handle mechanism includes a hand grip attached to a telescoping assembly. The telescoping assembly is pivotably coupled at a proximal end to the bottom of the rear wall.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This patent document relates to collapsible carts, and more particularly, to collapsible carts for high load capacity that are capable of folding up for convenient storage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Collapsible carts have been widely used in household and commercial settings. They provide a convenient way to transport objects when needed, but can be folded or collapsed for storage.

Because of the collapsible nature of the prior art cart design, the sidewalls may not be sufficiently sturdy to allow for transporting heavy objects. None of the prior art has effectively addressed this problem. Thus, the need for improvements to collapsible carts still remains.

SUMMARY

Stackable collapsible carts are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the present disclosure may include a collapsible cart configured to transition from a closed condition where it may be folded up to an open condition where it may be expanded for use. The collapsible cart may include a rigid frame forming a compartment. The rigid frame having a front wall, a rear wall, a right sidewall, a left sidewall, and a bottom wall. The right sidewall and the left sidewall may be configured to fold inwardly in the closed condition.

In some embodiments, the right sidewall includes a first right panel rotatably coupled to a second right panel. In some embodiments, the second right panel proportioned to fit within an opening in the first right panel. Embodiments may also include a first lock assembly comprising a first track and a first slideable member. The first track formed along the first right panel and the second right panel, and extending from a first position on the first right panel to a second position on the second right panel. The first slideable member may be cooperatively engaged to the first track. The first slideable member may be movable along the first track between an open position to a closed position to selectively lock the first right panel to the second right panel. In some embodiments, the first slideable member may be in the open position when disposed along the first track adjacent the first position of the first track while not disposed along the second right panel and may be in the closed position when disposed along the first track adjacent the second position of the first track while being disposed across both the first right panel and second right panel.

In some embodiments, the second right panel may include a ribbed wall with a plurality of ribs. The ribbed wall may be disposed adjacent or parallel to the first track. In some embodiments, the collapsible cart may include a top cover with at least one integrated lock assembly. The at least one lock assembly removably couples the top cover to an interior surface of at least one of the front wall, the rear wall, the right sidewall, and the left sidewall.

In some embodiments, the left sidewall including a first left panel rotatably coupled to a second left panel. The second left panel may be proportioned to fit within an opening in the first left panel. In some embodiments, the collapsible cart may include a second track formed along the first left panel and the second left panel extending from a first position on the first left panel to a second position on the second left panel. Embodiments may also include a second slideable member cooperatively engaged to the second track, the second slideable member may be movable along the second track between an open position to a closed position to selectively lock the first left panel to the second left panel.

In some embodiments, the second slideable member may be in the open position when disposed along the second track adjacent the first position of the second track while not disposed along the second left panel and may be in the closed position when disposed along the second track adjacent the second position of the second track while being disposed across both the first left panel and second left panel.

In yet another embodiment, the right sidewall further including a third right panel. In some embodiments, each of the second right panel and the third right panel encloses half of the opening in the first right panel. In some embodiments, the collapsible cart may include a telescoping handle assembly adjacent the rear wall, the telescoping handle assembly may include a hand grip at a distal end of the telescoping handle assembly and may be pivotably coupled at proximal end to the bottom of the rear wall. Embodiments may also include a sliding lock member translatable along at least a portion of the telescoping handle assembly. In some embodiments, the sliding lock member may be configured to lock to the rear wall securing the telescoping handle assembly parallel to the rear wall. In some embodiments, the sliding lock member may be configured to unlock from the rear wall allowing the telescoping handle assembly to pivot at an angle away from the rear wall. In some embodiments, the telescoping handle assembly may be rotatable to be horizontally aligned with the bottom wall and may be retained parallel to the bottom wall when in storage. In some embodiments, the bottom wall may include a sleeve. The telescoping handle assembly may be rotatable to be horizontally aligned with the bottom wall and may be retained in the sleeve when the stackable collapsible cart may be in the closed condition.

In some embodiments, the collapsible cart may include a wheel assembly coupled to the bottom wall of the cart. In some embodiments, the rigid top cover includes an indentation pattern being at least substantially aligned with the vertical axis of the wheel assembly. The indentation pattern configured to receive a wheel assembly from another identical collapsible cart when stacked vertically. In some embodiments, the top cover may also include an integrated second lock assembly. The second lock assembly may be configured to removably couple the top cover to an interior surface of at least one of the front wall, the rear wall, the right sidewall, and the left sidewall.

Each of the foregoing various aspects, together with those set forth in the claims and described in connection with the embodiments summarized above and disclosed herein may be combined to form claims for a device, apparatus, system, methods of manufacture and/or use in any way disclosed herein without limitation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Unique and inventive collapsible carts are disclosed herein. Although embodiments of collapsible carts are disclosed herein, it is to be expressly understood that the present invention is not restricted solely to such embodiments. Rather, the present disclosure is directed to each of the inventive features described below, both individually as well as collectively, in various embodiments. Further, as will become apparent to those skilled in the art, one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated in other devices.

FIGS. 1-9 illustrate an embodiment of a collapsible cart 10 with swivel wheels, according to an embodiment. The collapsible cart 10 may include a rigid frame 12 forming a compartment 14. The rigid frame 12 may a front wall 16, a rear wall 18, a right sidewall 20, a left sidewall 22, and a bottom wall 24. The right sidewall 20 may include a first right panel 26 and a second right panel 28. The first right panel 26 may be coupled with a first hinge 27 to the second right panel 28 along a first vertical axis 30. The left sidewall 22 may include a first left panel 32 and a second left panel 34. The first left panel 32 may be coupled with a second hinge 33 to the second left panel 34 along a second vertical axis 36.

As can be appreciated, the first right panel 26, the second right panel 28, the first left panel 32 and the second left panel 34 may be formed of molded rigid plastic. In one embodiment, the first right panel 26, the second right panel 28, the first left panel 32 and the second left panel 34 may each be a solid panel member. In another embodiment, the first right panel 26, the second right panel 28, the first left panel 32 and the second left panel 34 may each be configured in a frame structure with a plurality of apertures 38 positioned between vertical and horizontal rigid members 39. Artisans would appreciate that this configuration allows for light-weight construction of the sidewalls 20 and 22.

In one embodiment, the collapsible cart 10 may include a rotatable base panel 40 (shown in FIGS. 6 and 8) rotatably coupled to the bottom wall 24 within the compartment 14. The rotatable base panel 40 may include a lower surface 42 (shown FIG. 8) and an upper surface 44 (shown FIG. 6). As can be appreciated, when in use, the rotatable base panel 40 may be rotated so that its lower surface rests against an interior surface of the bottom wall 24.

In another embodiment, the collapsible cart 10 may include a first track 46 and a second track 48. The first track 46 may extend across the first vertical axis 30 from a first position 50 on the first right panel 26 to a second position 52 on the second right panel 28. The second track 48 may extend across the second vertical axis 36 from a first position 54 on the first left panel 32 to a second position 56 on the second left panel 34.

The collapsible cart 10 may also include a first slideable member 58 and a second slideable member 60. The first slideable member 58 may cooperatively engage the first track 46 and may be movable between an open position to a closed position to selectively secure or lock the first right panel 26 to the second right panel 28 (shown in FIG. 2). As can be appreciated, the first slideable member 58 is in the open position when adjacent the first position 50 of the first track 46 and is in the closed position when adjacent the second position 52 of the first track 46. Similarly, the second slideable member 60 may be cooperatively engage the second track 48 and may be movable between an open position to a closed position to selectively secure or lock the first left panel 32 to the second left panel 34. As can be appreciated, the second slideable member 60 is in the open position when adjacent the first position 54 of the second track 48 and is in the closed position when adjacent the second position 56 of the second track 48. In another embodiment, the collapsible cart 10 may include one only one slideable member on either one of the sidewalls 20 or 22. Alternatively, the collapsible cart 10 may include a plurality of slideable members for each sidewall 20 and 22.

In one embodiment, the collapsible cart 10 may include a rigid cover panel 62 and a retractable handle 64. The rigid cover panel 62 may be formed of a molded plastic with a ribbed pattern for increased rigidity. The rigid cover panel 62 may be configured to conform in shape and fit snugly to a top opening 63 of the compartment 14. The rigid cover panel 62 may securely fit in a first position over the top opening 63 to serve as a cover or seat on top of the collapsible cart 10. The rigid cover panel 62 may include one or more protrusions on a bottom surface to removably secure to the front wall 16 of the collapsible cart 10. Meanwhile, the retractable handle 64 may be positioned adjacent the back wall 12.

As shown in FIGS. 1-9, the collapsible cart 10 may include a plurality of rotatable swivel wheels 66 coupled to the bottom wall 24 of the collapsible cart 10. The rotatable swivel wheels 66 may include at least one-wheel locking assembly 68 having a first condition for locking at least one of the rotatable swivel wheels to prevent rolling movement, and a second condition for unlocking the at least one of the rotatable swivel wheels. As can be appreciated, the at least one-wheel locking assembly may include a brake actuator pedal 70.

FIGS. 10-18 illustrate an embodiment of a collapsible cart 100 with a pair of three-wheel assemblies 102, according to an embodiment. The collapsible cart 100 may include a spindle 104 rotatably coupled to the bottom wall 24 and adjacent an intersection of the bottom wall 24 and the rear wall 18. Each three-wheel assembly 102 may include three wheels 106, three spokes 108 and a central rotational point 110. As can be appreciated, each wheel 106 may be rotatably coupled to one of the three spokes 108, and each spoke 108 may be connected to the central rotational point 110 coupled to the spindle 104.

As can be appreciated, the collapsible cart 10 may be fabricated with a light-weight material, such as plastic. In one embodiment, one or more of the walls 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 may be formed of a molded plastic with a ribbed pattern for increased rigidity.

In operation, the collapsible cart 10 and 100 is transitioned from a closed condition where it is folded up to an open position where it is expanded for use. In the closed condition (shown in FIGS. 9 and 18), a user may unlock clips 72 on the right side and left side to extend the right and left opposing sidewalls 20 and 22. In one embodiment, the user may need to insert his or hands in the compartment 14 to push out the sidewalls 20 and 22. As the sidewalls 20 and 22 are pushed outwards, the rotatable base panel 40 drops down such that its lower surface rests against the interior surface of the bottom wall 24, and stabilizes the cart by fitting tightly between the lower region of the two opposing sidewalls 20 and 22. The first slideable member 58 and the second slideable member 60 may then be moved along their respective tracks 46 and 48 and from their respective open position to their respective closed position to selectively secure the sidewall panels. As can be appreciated, the slideable members 58 and 60 may be used to hold the extended sidewalls 20 and 22 in place. The rigid cover panel 62, which may be secured to the front wall 16 for storage, may be unlatched and securely fit over the top opening 63 of the compartment 14 to serve as a cover or seat. The collapsible cart 10 or 100 may be used to transport heavy loads in this open condition or may be collapsed in reverse fashion to place in a closed condition for storage.

FIGS. 19-29 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. The collapsible cart 10 is very similar to the previous embodiments already disclosed, such that common reference numbers are used herein. Similarly, the rigid frame 12 forms the compartment 14. The rigid frame 12 includes the front wall 16, the rear wall 18, the right sidewall 20, the left sidewall 22, and the base panel 40. The retractable handle mechanism 64 is disposed at, within or adjacent the back wall 18 as best shown in FIG. 27. The retractable handle mechanism 64 comprises a hand grip 120 attached to a telescoping assembly 122. The hand grip is attached at a distal end 124 of the telescoping assembly. The telescoping assembly 122 is pivotably attached at a proximal end 126 to the bottom 18b of the rear wall 18 as best seen in FIG. 28. As can be appreciated, there are a multitude of mechanisms and methods that may be used by those skilled in the art to create the pivot joint at the proximal end of the telescoping assembly, as this teaching is not to be limited to any one specific structure.

The rigid cover panel 62 still conforms in shape to a top opening 63 of the compartment as the rigid cover panel is configured to securely fit in a first position over the top opening to serve as a cover and/or a seat as shown in FIG. 1. However, as now shown in FIG. 19, the rigid cover panel is movably attached to a top 16a of the front wall. The rigid cover panel is configured to be moved to a second position residing adjacent the front wall outside the compartment as best shown in FIG. 23.

FIG. 19 shows the rigid cover panel 62 starting to pivot upwards about a first axis 82 and then FIG. 20 shows the rigid cover panel in a vertical orientation. FIG. 21 is a front view of the FIG. 20. The cover panel 62 is able to pivot upwards due to a novel hinge mechanism 80 which is best shown in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26. FIG. 26 is a close up of the hinge mechanism taken from FIG. 25.

FIG. 26 shows that the hinge mechanism can pivot in both the first axis 82 and also a second axis 84. The first axis and second axis are perpendicular to one another. Accordingly, the cover panel first pivots about the first axis 82 in FIGS. 19-21. Then, in FIG. 22, the cover panel rotates about the second axis 84 and continues to rotate in FIG. 23. As shown in FIG. 23, the cover panel is positioned out of the way of the compartment such that it is easy to place and remove items from the compartment. Yet, the cover panel will no longer be lost or unavailable as it is permanently connected to the front wall 16.

The hinge mechanism shown in FIG. 26 comprises a first portion 86 and a second portion 88. The first portion is able to rotate about the second axis 84 in relationship to the second portion 88. In this embodiment, the hinge mechanism comprises two parts, but could comprise one part or any number of parts to achieve the multi-axis movement and shown and described herein.

The first portion of the hinge at a proximal end 90 is pivotably connected to the top of the front wall. In this case, it is attached on the inside of the front wall but could be attached to the outside as well. In this embodiment, the proximal end 90 has cylindrical extensions 94 that are configured to snap into circular recesses 96 formed into the front wall. Thus, the cylindrical extensions are able to pivot within the circular recesses. It is understood that other devices or structures could achieve the same movements, such an auxiliary pin used for an axle that would extend through both the front wall and the proximal end of the front part. Accordingly, this teaching is not to be limited to the precise form shown and described herein.

The second portion of the hinge is connected at a distal end 92 to the cover panel 62 through the use of clips 90 and fasteners 92. As is understood by those skilled in the art, the second portion 88 could be connected to the cover panel 62 through any combination of clips and/or fasteners and/or bonding agents (not shown). Furthermore, the second portion 88 could be formed as part of the cover panel 62 when the cover panel is injection molded during production.

In another embodiment not shown, the hinge mechanism could be replaced with a fabric strap where the fabric strap is inherently flexible to allow the multi-axis movement required.

Once the cover panel is in the open position as shown in FIG. 26, it may swing back and forth undesirably as the cart is moved around. Thus, the inventors have further improved the novel hinge mechanism with a cam and flexure mechanism. A raised bump 100 is formed as part of a cam 101 that is made as part of the first portion 86 or attached to the first portion 86. The cam 101 is generally circular in shape except for the raised bump 100. The cam is generally hidden from view as being disposed behind the second portion 88, but the raised bump 100 can be seen through the hole of the flexure 102 formed in the second portion 88. Here, two flexures 102a and 102b are formed, but one flexure could have been used. The flexures abut the raised bump and create an interference fit that helps hold the cover panel into location once the raised bump is disposed between the two flexures. To move the cover panel out of the position, the raised bump engages at least one flexure and causes it to deflect a small distance which in turn creates a resistance to movement and a resistance for swinging back and forth. As is understood by those skilled in the art, a number of different cam and flexure mechanisms are possible, as this teaching is not to be limited to the precise form described herein.

There is also another solution that can be added to the previous solution or used in lieu of the previous solution to prevent or reduce the cover panel from swinging undesirably back and forth. Referring now to FIG. 24, magnets 104a and 104b can be disposed as part of the front wall 16. Then, additional magnets or ferromagnetic material, such as metal washers 106, can be attached to the inside surface of the cover panel 62. When the cover panel is used to close the top of the cart, the magnets 104 and washers 106 are far apart. Yet, when the cover panel is opened and disposed as shown in FIG. 26, they are appropriately positioned such that they align with one another. Therefore, a magnetic attraction occurs between the magnets and washers that keeps the cover panel in its position relative to the cart and prevents or reduces the undesirable swinging.

It is shown in FIG. 24 that the washers 106 are held with fasteners 107, but they could also be bonded into place or securely held through an interference fit. Likewise, the magnets 104 can be screwed, bonded or held in place with an interference fit. The magnets 104 could be placed on either the outside of the front wall or on the inside of the front wall. Here, the magnets are shown in the inside of the front wall.

The rigid cover panel may also include a locking mechanism 110 configured to lock or unlock the rigid cover panel in the first position. The locking mechanism can be a switch that can be slid forwards and backwards to engage the rear wall.

A locking slide 128 is translatable along at least a portion of the telescoping assembly 122. The locking slide 128 is a rigid structure that captures both of the telescoping tubes and helps secure them in parallel relationship. It is understood by those skilled in the art that just one telescoping tube could be used and as such the locking slide 128 would translate along this one telescoping tube.

In FIG. 27 the locking slide 128 is locking the telescoping assembly 122 to the rear wall 18 at a distance apart from the proximal end which is pivotable. Then, in FIG. 28, the locking slide 128 has moved upwards and no longer locks the telescoping assembly 122 to the rear wall 18.

The locking slide 128 may be configured to lock to the rear wall 18 securing the telescoping assembly 122 parallel to the rear wall 18. The locking slide 128 may also be configured to unlock from the rear wall 18 allowing the telescoping assembly 122 to pivot at an angle away from the rear wall 18, as shown in FIG. 28. A release button 130 may be used to lock and unlock the locking slide 128 from the rear wall 18. As shown in FIG. 28, the collapsible cart 10 can now be rolled with all four wheels remaining on the ground while still retaining the functionality of the cart as described in the previous embodiments.

It is also understood by those skilled in the art that the locking slide 128 could be replaced with a locking mechanism that either secures the telescoping assembly 122 to the rear wall 18 or allows the telescoping assembly 122 to pivot about the proximal end. In other words, in other embodiments, the locking slide 128 need not translate along the telescoping assembly 122 while still being able to lock and unlock the telescoping assembly 122 in relation to the rear wall 18.

FIGS. 30-44 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. The collapsible cart 10 is very similar to the previous embodiments already disclosed, such that common reference numbers are used herein. Like the prior disclosed embodiments, the rigid frame 12 forms the compartment 14. The rigid frame 12 includes the front wall 16, the rear wall 18, the right sidewall 20, the left sidewall 22, and the bottom wall 24. In some embodiments, the right sidewall 20 and the left sidewall 22 may be configured to fold inwardly in the closed condition. The right sidewall 20 may include a first right panel 26 rotatably coupled to a second right panel 28.

The collapsible cart 10 may include a first track 46 formed along the first right panel 26 and the second right panel 28 extending from a first position on the first right panel 26 to a second position on the second right panel 28. The collapsible cart 10 may also include a first lock assembly 42A comprising a first slideable member 58 traversing the first track 46 and capable of cooperatively engaging with a peg 42B. In one embodiment, the first slideable member 58 is spring loaded to move the first slideable member 68 from an open condition to a closed condition to lock around the peg 42B. The first slideable member 58 may be movable along the first track 46 between an open position to a closed position to selectively lock the first right panel 26 to the second right panel 28. As can be appreciated, other lock assemblies may be employed to selectively lock and/or unlock the first right panel 26 to the second right panel 28.

In one embodiment, the second right panel 28 may be proportioned to fit within an opening in the first right panel 26. In some embodiments, the second right panel 28 may be configured to conform in shape to cover at least a portion of an opening in the first right panel 26. The first slideable member 58 may be in the open position when disposed along the first track 46 adjacent the first position of the first track 46 while not disposed along the second right panel 28 and may be in the closed position when disposed along the first track 46 adjacent the second position of the first track 46 while being disposed across both the first right panel 26 and second right panel 28.

As shown in FIG. 44, in some embodiments, the second right panel 28 may also include a ribbed wall 29 with a plurality of ribs 29a. The ribbed wall 29 may be disposed adjacent the first track 46 (not shown). In some embodiments, the plurality of ribs 29a may be aligned parallel to the first track 46 to distribute compressive stresses away from the first track 46. In other embodiments, the plurality of ribs 29a may be aligned vertically to withstand compressive forces applied to the right sidewall 20 from the weight of other objects resting on the top cover 62, such as other stackable collapsible carts 10.

In some embodiments, the collapsible cart 10 may also include a top cover 62 with at least one integrated lock assembly 65. The top cover 62 may be configured to conform in shape to a top opening of the compartment. In one embodiment, the top cover 62 securely fits in a first position over the top opening to serve as a cover or seat on top of the collapsible cart 10. The at least one lock assembly 65 may be configured to removably couple the top cover 62 to an interior surface of at least one of the front wall 16, the rear wall 18, the right sidewall 20, and the left sidewall 22.

As shown in FIGS. 35-43, in some embodiments, the right sidewall 20 may include a third right panel 31. In such embodiment, the second right panel 28 and the third right panel 31 may be configured to enclose half of the opening in the first right panel 26. In yet another embodiment, the second right panel 28 and the third right panel 31 may conform in shape to collectively cover the opening in the first right panel 26.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 46, the telescoping handle assembly 64 may be rotatable to be horizontally aligned with the bottom wall 24 and may be retained parallel to the bottom wall 24 when in storage. As with prior embodiments, the collapsible cart 10 shown in FIG. 48 may include a wheel assembly 66 coupled to the bottom wall 24 of the cart 10.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 51, the left sidewall 22 may also include a first left panel 32 rotatably coupled to a second left panel 34. In yet another embodiment, the second left panel 34 may be proportioned to fit within an opening in the first left panel 32. In some embodiments, the collapsible cart 10 may also include a second track 48 formed along the first left panel 32 and the second left panel 34 extending from a first position on the first left panel 32 to a second position on the second left panel 34. The collapsible cart 10 may also include a second slideable member 60 cooperatively engaged to the second track 48, the second slideable member 60 may be movable along the second track 48 between an open position to a closed position to selectively lock the first left panel 32 to the second left panel 34.

In some embodiments, the second slideable member 60 may be in the open position when disposed along the second track 48 adjacent the first position of the second track 48 while not disposed along the second left panel 34 and may be in the closed position when disposed along the second track 48 adjacent the second position of the second track 48 while being disposed across both the first left panel 32 and second left panel 34.

As shown in FIGS. 58-63, in some embodiments, the collapsible cart 10 may include a telescoping handle assembly 64 adjacent the rear wall 18. The telescoping handle assembly 64 may include a hand grip 120 at a distal end 124 of the telescoping handle assembly 64 and may be pivotably coupled at proximal end 126 to the bottom 18b of the rear wall 18. In one embodiment, the collapsible cart 10 includes a sliding lock member 128a translatable along at least a portion of the telescoping handle assembly 64. The sliding lock member 128a may be configured to lock to the rear wall 18 securing the telescoping handle assembly 64 parallel to the rear wall 18. The sliding lock member 128a may be configured to unlock from the rear wall 18 and/or cover panel 62 allowing the telescoping handle assembly 64 to pivot at an angle away from the rear wall 18. In some embodiments, the bottom wall 24 may include a sleeve 25. The telescoping handle assembly 64 may be rotatable to be horizontally aligned with the bottom wall 24 and may be retained in the sleeve 25 when the collapsible cart 10 is in the closed condition.

As shown in FIG. 62, in some embodiments, the top cover 62 may also include an indentation pattern 62a being at least substantially aligned with a vertical axis of the wheel assembly 66. The indentation pattern 62a may be configured to receive a wheel assembly 66 from another identical collapsible cart 10 when stacked vertically.

Although the various inventive aspects are herein disclosed in the context of certain preferred embodiments, implementations, and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. In addition, while a number of variations of the inventive aspects have been shown and described in detail, other modifications, which are within their scope will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon this disclosure. It should be also understood that the scope this disclosure includes the various combinations or sub-combinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, such that the various features, modes of implementation, and aspects of the disclosed subject matter may be combined with or substituted for one another. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present invention herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments or implementations described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims.

Similarly, this disclosure is not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim require more features than are expressly recited in that claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in a combination of fewer than all features of any single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.

Further, all claim terms should be interpreted in their most expansive forms so as to afford the applicant the broadest coverage legally permissible. Although the embodiments have been described with reference to the drawings and specific examples, it will readily be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many modifications and adaptations of the processes, methods and apparatuses described herein are possible without departure from the spirit and scope of the embodiments as claimed herein. Thus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the embodiments as claimed below.