Shot for use as ammunition

Tin and zinc based shot for use as ammunition having a diameter of from 1.5 to 5.5 mm, containing, by weight, in addition to tin and the usual unavoidable contaminants, from 12 to 60% of zinc and from 0 to 5% of aluminum, but less than 0.1% of copper, less than 0.1% of iron, and less than 1% of lead.

The present invention relates to tin and zinc based shot for use as 
ammunition having a diameter of from 1.5 to 5.5 mm. 
From U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,183, it is known to produce bullets, but also 
cartridge shot, not from lead, but instead from alloys which predominantly 
contain tin and in addition from 0.2 to 10% by weight of copper, wherein 
antimony, zinc, magnesium, aluminum are mentioned as further alloy 
components. If zinc is employed, the amount thereof is to be from 0.005 to 
10% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight. 
This material already meets the requirement of being virtually free of lead 
and cadmium, which are no longer to be used for environmental reasons. The 
copper content is considered essential for the interior and exterior 
ballistic properties of the bullets. However, it has been found that the 
use of copper-containing alloys results in a very severe undesirable 
discoloration of wood if grains of such shot enter into wood which is to 
be processed into veneer. 
Especially for the use in forests, steel shots have not proven suitable. In 
Denmark, they have already been banned since they can cause severe damages 
to cutting tools in the processing of wood and moreover cause rust 
staining and discoloration effects. 
In addition, steel bullets tend to ricochet and thus to great hazards when 
used in hunting since they fail to absorb deformation energy upon the 
impact (Report of DEVA Altenbeken, June 1992, for Deutscher 
Jagdschutz-Verband of Bonn, Germany). 
Zinc-based shot, prepared, for example, according to GB-A2,211,920, has 
proven quite useful in sports shooting and hunting (cf. Die Pirsch, 1995, 
issue 10), but grains of such shot are still capable, under some 
conditions, of damaging the cutting tools of veneer and wood industries. 
From WO 94/25817, it is known to prepare shot ammunition or bullet 
ammunition from an alloy containing at least 55% of zinc, the balance 
being bismuth and tin, wherein the tin content can be a maximum of 10%. 
Alloys are preferred which contain 70% of zinc and up to 30% by weight of 
bismuth and only minor amounts of tin. Such ammunition is not suitable for 
hunting, but only as ammunition for sports shooting. 
Thus, it has been the object of the present invention to provide shot which 
is virtually free of lead and non-toxic, has good ballistic properties, is 
readily processed, and does not cause any damage to wood cutting tools 
when remaining in wood, very much like lead. Further, grains remaining in 
wood shall not cause any discoloration of the wood. In addition, the shot 
material must not cause any operating troubles or quality problems in the 
paper and cellulose industries, for those industries utilize 
waste-products from wood processing.

These objects have now been achieved by tin and zinc based shot, 
characterized by containing, by weight, in addition to tin and the usual 
unavoidable contaminants, from 12 to 60% of zinc and from 0 to 5% of 
aluminum, but less than 0.1% of copper, less than 0.1% of iron, and less 
than 1% of lead. 
Particularly good results have been achieved with such shot which contains 
from 20 to 40% by weight of zinc and from 0.05 to 0.15% of aluminum, in 
addition to tin. Preferably, the grains of shot contain less than 0.05% of 
copper, less than 0.05% of iron, and less than 0.5% of lead. 
The shot according to the invention can be prepared in the usual way by 
casting the liquid alloy from gravity dies into a sufficiently high tower 
filled with air or into a liquid bath which results in quicker cooling. 
Another preparation method, though more complicated, consists in 
processing the alloy into a wire which is processed into grains of shot by 
an appropriate section roll. The remaining wire residues can be recycled. 
Preferably, there is used an alloy of about 70% of tin and about 30% of 
zinc which is readily cast. 
Alloys which are less suitable for casting can be processed into useful 
shot by processing into a wire followed by pressing into grains. 
From the above mentioned purity requirements for grains of shot, it can be 
seen that all tin grades in accordance with DIN 1704 can be employed in 
principle, the grades tin 99.95 to tin 99.50 being preferred, however, 
since they contain less copper, less iron and less lead. 
When zinc is used as an alloy component, all zinc grades in accordance with 
EN 1179 can be used in principle, the zinc types Z1 to Z4 being again 
preferred for containing significantly less lead, iron and copper. 
As to aluminum, the quality requirements need not be so strict, all the 
less so since it is added in relatively small amounts and thus causes only 
minor contaminations with additional alloy elements.