Swivelable connector for tubular conduits

A swivelable connector for tubular conduits comprising first and second mutually insertable tubular connector members and a retainer for retaining the second tubular connector member in the first tubular connector member. The retainer comprises engaging members positionable around the second tubular connector member and in the first tubular connector member, urging members engageable with the outer surfaces of the engaging members along a relatively axial movement between the urging members and the engaging members, to radially urge the engaging members into engagement with the second tubular connector member. The urging members can be embodied by a stepped inner surface of the first tubular connector member associating with the movable engaging members, or by the movable urging members associating with the fixed engaging members.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a quick connect swivelable connector for 
tubular conduits. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
Swivelable connectors are used in many applications for connecting hoses 
for supplying a fluid such as water or oil, and conventionally, connectors 
of the threaded type are typically used. Such connectors, however, require 
skill and time for assembly, and thus simpler connectors are demanded. 
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,524,995 and 4,601,497, issued to Bartholomew on June 25, 
1985 and July 22, 1986, respectively, disclose a quick connect swivelable 
connector comprising a first tubular connector member (housing), a second 
tubular connector member (a tubular conduit) inserted in the first tubular 
connector member and having an annular projection, a sealing means between 
the first and second tubular connector members, and a resilient retainer 
secured to the first tubular connector member to engage with the annular 
projection of the second tubular connector member. The resilient retainer 
preferably comprises a pair of snapping jaws. In this connector, assembly 
can be easily carried out by securing the resilient retainer to the first 
tubular connector member and then inserting the second tubular connector 
member in the resilient retainer and in the first tubular connector member 
until the annular projection of the second tubular connector member passes 
beyond the resilient retainer, whereby the second tubular connector member 
cannot be disconnected from the first tubular connector member. 
It is, of course, necessary to enlarge a portion of the first tubular 
connector member to allow insertion of the second tubular connector member 
in the first tubular connector member, but the annular projection of the 
second tubular connector member necessitates a greater enlargement of a 
corresponding portion of the first tubular connector member. Therefore, 
preferably the annular projection is eliminated to obtain a compact 
connector. 
From this aspect, Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. 
63-17390, published on Feb. 4, 1988 and filed by the inventor for this 
application, discloses a swivelable connector comprising a first tubular 
connector member, a second tubular connector member with an end portion 
inserted in the first tubular connector member and an annular groove on 
that end portion, and a retainer for retaining the second tubular 
connector member in the first tubular connector member. The first tubular 
connector member preferably has a plurality of apertures formed adjacent 
to the cylindrical outer end portion thereof in which the second tubular 
connector member is inserted. The retainer comprises a cylindrical base 
portion adapted to fit in the cylindrical outer end portion of the first 
tubular connector member and a plurality of pawls extending from the 
cylindrical base portion for resiliently engaging in the annular groove of 
the second tubular connector member. Each of the pawls has a portion 
insertable in the apertures of the first tubular connector member to 
axially retain the retainer in the first tubular connector member and a 
free end portion extending radially inward to engage in the annular groove 
of the second tubular connector member. 
Therefore, it is possible to provide either an annular projection on the 
second tubular connector member, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,524,995 
and 4,601,497, or an annular groove, as described in Japanese Publication 
No. 63-17390 to cooperate with the resilient retainer. Such an annular 
projection or an annular groove should have a blocking wall disposed 
transversely to a central axis of the second tubular connector member, as 
particularly referred to in U.S. Pat. No. 4,524,995. Namely, at least one 
of the side walls of the annular projection or the annular groove must be 
formed perpendicular to the central axis of the second tubular connector 
member to axially abut against the inner edges of the retainer. In this 
way, the height of the annular projection or the depth of the annular 
groove should be sufficient to ensure that the inner edges of the retainer 
does not slip over the annular projection or the annular groove. The 
problem that arises in this aspect is that, if the second tubular 
connector member is made of a thin walled pipe, it is difficult to form an 
annular projection having an enlarged height or an annular groove having 
an enlarged depth on the thin walled second tubular connector member and 
integrally therewith. 
Further, in its original shape, the retainer is shaped such that the 
distance between the opposing pawls or jaws is smaller than the outer 
diameter of the second tubular connector member, so that it can 
resiliently engage with the second tubular connector member. Thus the 
inner edges of the retainer normally are strongly forced against the 
second tubular connector member, biting into the outer surface of the 
second tubular connector member and disturbing the rotatability of the 
second tubular connector member relative to the first tubular connector 
member. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the present invention is to provide a swivelable connector 
having a compact shape and which can solve the above described problems, 
in which a retaining function can be obtained with a shorter engaging 
projection or groove on a tubular connector member to be retained. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a swivelable 
connector in which rotatability between connector members is ensured. 
According to the present invention, there is provided a swivelable 
connector for tubular conduits comprising a first tubular connector member 
having a first end portion adapted to be connected to a tubular conduit 
and a second end portion, a second tubular connector member having a first 
end portion inserted in the second end portion of the first tubular 
connector member and a second end portion adapted to be connected to a 
further tubular conduit, and retaining means for retaining the second 
tubular connector member in the first tubular connector member. The 
retaining means comprises a plurality of engaging members positionable 
around the second tubular connector member and having an inner surface 
facing the second tubular connector member and an outer surface, urging 
means engageable with the outer surfaces of the engaging members along a 
relative axial movement between the urging means and the engaging members 
to radially urge the engaging members into engagement with the second 
tubular connector member, and securing means for securing the engaging 
members at a predetermined axial position in the first tubular connector 
member when the engaging members are engaged with the second tubular 
connector member. 
With this arrangement, the engaging members are urged into engagement with 
the second tubular connector member along the relatively axial movement 
between the urging means and the engaging members, for example, by a wedge 
action between the urging means and the engaging members, and therefore, 
the engaging members are not required to provide a strong resilient 
retention upon engagement with the second tubular connector member, as 
required in the prior art retainers with radially prestressed pawls, and 
as a result, it is possible to house the engaging members in the compact 
first tubular connector member. 
Preferably, the second tubular connector member has a configured annular 
portion comprising an annular projection or an annular groove. It is not 
necessary for this annular projection or annular groove to have a side 
wall perpendicular to the axis of the first tubular connector member, as 
required in the prior art arrangement, and only a small slope is needed, 
i.e., the diameter of the annular portion is reduced, since the retaining 
function can be ensured by the radial clamping force from the urging 
means, which is preferably an integral part of a member guided by the 
first tubular connector member. 
In the preferred embodiment, the second end portion of the first tubular 
connector member has a stepped inner surface comprising, in series from 
the outer end thereof, a first inner surface portion having an inner 
diameter, a second intermediate inner surface portion having an inner 
diameter greater than the inner diameter of the first inner surface 
portion, and a third inner surface portion having an inner diameter 
greater than the inner diameter of the second inner surface portion. The 
engaging members are movable along an axis of the first tubular connector 
member so that the engaging members are retractable in the third inner 
surface portion when the engaging members are positioned in the third 
inner surface portion. The engaging members are urged radially inward into 
contact with the second intermediate inner surface portion to engage with 
the annular portion when the engaging members are positioned in the second 
intermediate inner surface portion; the second intermediate inner surface 
portion constituting the urging means. Also, the engaging members are 
prevented from moving beyond the first inner surface portion after the 
engaging members are urged by the second intermediate inner surface 
portion constituting the urging means; the first inner surface portion 
constituting the securing means. 
Alternatively, the cylindrical base portion of the engaging members is 
fixedly secured to the first tubular connector member, the urging means 
being axially movable along the inner surface of the first tubular 
connector member between a first position in which the urging means is 
free from the engaging members and a second position in which the urging 
means engages with the outer surfaces of the engaging members to radially 
urge the engaging members into engagement with the second tubular 
connector member.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 shows a swivelable connector 10 according to the first embodiment of 
the present invention. The swivelable connector 10 comprises a first 
tubular connector member 12, a second tubular connector member 14, and a 
retainer 16. The first and second tubular connector members 12 and 14 and 
the retainer 16 can be made of a plastic material or a metallic material. 
It will be apparent that the swivelable connector 10 is used to couple 
hoses or pipes together, and to this end, the first tubular connector 
member 12 has a first end portion 18 adapted to be connected to a hose or 
a pipe and a second end portion 20, in which a first end portion 22 of the 
second tubular connector member 14 is inserted. The second end portion 24 
of the second tubular connector member 14 is adapted to be connected to a 
further hose or a pipe. The second tubular connector member 14 has an 
annular groove 26 having a rounded shade in cross section On the outer 
surface thereof at a predetermined distance from the outer end thereof, 
for retention by the retainer 16. 
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first tubular connector member 12 includes a 
first central shoulder 28 from which the inner diameter of the second end 
portion 20 is enlarged relative to the remaining portion of the first 
tubular connector member 12. The inner diameter of the second end portion 
20 of the first tubular connector member 12 is generally equal to the 
outer diameter of the first end portion 22 of the second tubular connector 
member 14, and therefore, the first can be guidingly inserted in the 
second end portion 20 of the first tubular connector member 12, and a 
sealing ring 50 can be arranged at this area, as shown in FIG. 9. The 
first tubular connector member 12 also includes a second shoulder 30 from 
which the inner diameter of the second end portion 20 is further enlarged. 
This enlarged outer end portion 20 has a stepped inner surface or a stepped 
bore surface comprising, in series from the outer end thereof, a first 
inner surface portion 32 having a first inner diameter, a second 
intermediate inner surface portion 34, and a third inner surface portion 
36. The first inner diameter of the first inner surface portion 32 is 
slightly greater than the outer diameter of the first end portion 22 of 
the second tubular connector member 14, to provide an annular clearance 
therebetween and allow the retainer 16 to move therein. The second inner 
diameter of the second intermediate inner surface portion 34 is greater 
than the first inner diameter of the first inner surface portion 32, and 
in turn, the third inner diameter of the third inner surface portion 36 is 
greater than the second inner diameter of the second intermediate surface 
portion 34. The step between the second intermediate inner surface portion 
34 and the third inner surface portion 36 is tapered. Also, ribs 38 extend 
axially in this enlarged outer end portion. 
As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the retainer 16 comprises a plurality of 
engaging members 40 integrally formed with a cylindrical base portion 42 
via legs 44. The cylindrical base portion 42 has a central hole for 
passing the second tubular connector member 14 therethrough when 
assembled. The legs 44 with the engaging members 40 extend to one side 
from the cylindrical base portion 42 substantially in parallel to each 
other around the second tubular connector member 14. Each of the engaging 
members 40 has an inner surface 40a facing the second tubular connector 
member 14 and an outer surface 40b. In this case, the inner surface 40a is 
shaped to fit in the annular groove 26, as shown in FIG. 5. The inner 
surface 40a may have a predetermined circumferential length with the same 
curvature as that of the outer diameter of the annular groove 26. Also, 
the cylindrical base portion 42 has a radially outer flange 46 for manual 
operation. 
This retainer 16 is movable along an axis of the first tubular connector 
member 12. The engaging members 40 can be inserted in the first tubular 
connector member 12 beyond the first inner surface portion 32 by 
resiliently deforming the legs 44 before the second tubular connector 
member 14 is inserted in the first tubular connector member 12. Then the 
engaging members 40 can be freely retracted in the third inner surface 
portion 36 of the first tubular connector member 12 when the engaging 
members 40 are axially positioned in the third inner surface portion 36, 
as shown in FIG. 6. 
The second tubular connector member 14 is then inserted into the first 
tubular connector member 12, as shown in FIG. 7, and the engaging members 
40 can be further retracted in the third inner surface portion 36 in 
contact with the second tubular connector member 14. Upon completion of 
the insertion of the second tubular connector member 14, the end of the 
second tubular connector member 14 abuts against the first shoulder 28 of 
the first tubular connector member 12 and the engaging members 40 may 
engage in the annular groove 26 of the second tubular connector member 14, 
as shown in FIG. 8. In this case, however, the engaging members 40 do not 
apply sufficient urging force on the second tubular connector member 14, 
to retain the same in the first tubular connector member 12. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the retainer 16 is then pulled outward together with 
the second tubular connector member 14. The engaging members 40 come in 
contact with and are under a compression force from the second 
intermediate inner surface portion 34 due to the relative dimensions 
therebetween causing a wedge action. Therefore, the engaging members 40 
are forcibly engaged in the annular groove 26. In this position, the 
engaging members 40 are prevented from moving beyond the first inner 
surface portion 32 of the first tubular connector member 12 even if the 
second tubular connector member 14 is pulled outward, to thereby retain 
the second tubular connector member 14 in the first tubular connector 
member 12. 
Note, the engaging members 40 are urged mechanically by the second 
intermediate surface portion 34 and the radial inner positions of the 
engaging members 40 are determined depending on the second inner diameter 
of the second intermediate surface portion 34. That is, the engaging 
members 40 do not stick in the bottom wall of the annular groove 26 and 
allow the second tubular connector member 14 to freely rotate. 
Referring to FIG. 9, in the modification of the swivelable connector 10, a 
(or a plurality of) sealing ring(s) 50 is arranged between the first and 
second tubular connector members 12 and 14. The first tubular connector 
member 12 is comprised of two axially coupled tubular members 12a and 12b. 
The two axially tubular members 12a and 12b are press-fitted, and further 
fastened by a resiliently deformable detent projection 52; one member 12a 
having the tube connecting means 18 and the other member 12b having the 
stepped inner surfaces 32, 34, and 36. 
Referring to FIG. 10, in the further modification of the swivelable 
connector 10, the first tubular connector member 12 is comprised of two 
tubular member 12a and 12b, threaded at 54. 
In this example, the second tubular connector member 14 has an annular 
projection 27 instead of the annular groove 26 in FIG. 1. The first 
tubular connector member 12 has similar stepped inner surfaces 32, 34, and 
36 and the retainer 16 has engaging members 40 similar to those elements 
in FIG. 1. The inner surface of each of the engaging members 40 fits the 
annular projection 27, but the shape of the inner surface of each of the 
engaging members 40 is not important for the present invention. Where the 
second tubular connector member 14 has a configured annular portion, such 
as the annular projection 27 or the annular groove 26, the configured 
annular portion or a part thereof must have a diameter that reduces from a 
first outer point (the top of the annular projection 27 or the outer edge 
of the annular groove 26) to a second point (the inner edge of the annular 
projection 27 or the bottom of the annular groove 26) on the first end 
portion 22 of the second tubular connector member 14, to effect retention 
of the second tubular connector member 14 by the engaging members 40 
against any pulling force thereon. 
It is also possible, according to the present invention, to eliminate the 
configured annular portions, such as the annular projection 27 or the 
annular groove 26, from the second tubular connector member and to use an 
even-profiled second tubular connector member 14 as shown in FIGS. 11 to 
13. In this case, each of the engaging members 40 preferably has an inward 
edge or teeth 56 which can bite into the outer surface of the second 
tubular connector member 14, as shown in FIG. 13, when the engaging 
members 40 are urged by the second intermediate inner surface portion 34 
of the first tubular connector member 12. This example is adapted for the 
second tubular connector member 14 made of a relatively soft metal, such 
as copper. 
In FIG. 14, a snap ring 58 is attached on the second tubular connector 
member 14 between the outer end of the second end portion 20 of the first 
tubular connector member 12 and the radially outer flange 46 of the 
cylindrical base portion 42 (see FIG. 3) of the retainer 16 to fill a 
space therebetween, which appears when the retainer 16 and the second 
tubular connector member 14 are pulled relative to the first tubular 
connector member 12 to cause the engaging members 40 to be urged by the 
second intermediate inner surface portion 34 and to prevent it from moving 
beyond the first inner surface portion 32. As shown in FIG. 15, the snap 
ring 58 has a gap 60 to thereby allow a snap fit thereof on the second 
tubular connector member 14, and a handling tab 62 which may project from 
the outer surface of the first tubular connector member 12 and the 
radially outer flange 46. Thus the snap ring 58 locks the engaging members 
40 in the retaining position and provides a visual inspection which shows 
that the engaging members 40 are firmly in the retaining position. In this 
regard, the snap ring 58 can be a different color from that of the first 
tubular connector member 12 and the retainer 16. 
In FIGS. 16 and 17, an attachment cylindrical cover 64 is attached on the 
radially outer flange 46 of the cylindrical base portion 42. The 
attachment cylindrical cover 64 has an inner diameter slightly greater 
than the outer diameter of the first tubular connector member 12 and a 
length sufficient to extend along the outer surface of the first tubular 
connector member 12 and thereby cover a space therebetween. The attachment 
cylindrical cover 64 preferably has circumferentially spaced inward tabs 
66, which can be snap-fitted onto the corresponding groove on the outer 
end of the radially outer flange 46 of the cylindrical base portion 42. 
This attachment cylindrical cover 64 can be used to aid the assembly and 
disassembly of the swivelable connector 10. 
Referring to FIGS. 18 to 22, the second embodiment of the present invention 
is described, in which the cylindrical base portion 42 of the engaging 
members 40 is fixedly secured to the first tubular connector member 12 and 
an urging means 70 is axially movable along the inner surface of the first 
tubular connector member 12. In this example, the second tubular connector 
member 14 has the annular projection and the retainer 16 has engaging 
members 40 similar to those in FIG. 10. The first tubular connector member 
12 is comprised of two axially coupled elements 12a and 12b and the 
radially outer flange 46 of the cylindrical base portion 42 of the 
engaging members 40 is clamped between the inner end of the first member 
12a and an inner flange 12c of the second member 12b inboard of the first 
tubular connector member 12, with the engaging members 40 directed to the 
outer end of the first tubular connector member. 
As shown in FIG. 22, the urging means 70 comprises a plurality of urging 
members 72 extending integrally from a cylindrical base portion 74 having 
a center hole for passing the second tubular connector member 14 
therethrough via legs 76. The number and shape of the urging members 72 
are formed in correspondence with the engaging members 40 so that each of 
urging members 72 is capable of urging each of the engaging members 40, 
respectively. A radially outer flange is provided on the cylindrical base 
portion 74 for manual operation thereof. 
The urging members 72 can be resiliently inserted in the first tubular 
connector member 12, similar to the engaging members 40 in the previous 
embodiment, and movable therein a sliding engagement therewith. The urging 
members 12 can take a first position near the outer end of the first 
tubular connector member 12, as shown in FIG. 19, in which the urging 
members 72 are free from the engaging members 40, and the second tubular 
connector member then inserted in the first tubular connector member 12, 
as shown in FIG. 20. Then the urging members 72 are moved to a second 
advanced position, as shown in FIG. 18, in which the urging members 72 
engage with the outer surfaces of the engaging members 40 to radially urge 
the engaging members 40 into engagement with the annular projection of the 
second tubular connector member 14. The first tubular connector member 12 
has a radially inner flange 32a which is similar to the first inner 
surface portion 32 of the previous embodiment. 
With this embodiment, assembly is completed when the second tubular 
connector member 14 is fully inserted to abut against the shoulder 28 in 
the first tubular connector member 12 and the urging means 70 is fully 
inserted so that the radially outer flange 78 thereof abuts against the 
outer end of the first tubular connector member 12, as shown in FIG. 18. 
Therefore, the once assembled connector 10 cannot be accidentally 
dissembled, compared to the structure of FIG. 1 in which one of the second 
tubular connector member 14 and the engaging member 40 may be accidentally 
disconnected and thus a lock means such as the snap ring 58 may be needed. 
FIG. 23 shows the use of sealing rings 50 between the first and second 
tubular connector members 12 and 14, FIG. 24 shows the use of the annular 
groove 26 on the outer surface of the second tubular connector member 14, 
and FIG. 25 shows that the urging means 70 is threaded to the first 
tubular connector member 12 at 80 so that the urging means 70 cannot move 
axially. 
FIGS. 26 to 29 show a modification of the second embodiment according to 
the present invention, in which the urging elements 72 are arranged 
between the engaging members 40 and the radially outer flange 46 of the 
cylindrical base portion 42 thereof, so that the urging members 72 are 
capable of moving toward and urging the engaging members 40. In this case, 
in a manner similar to that shown and discussed in connection with FIGS. 
14 and 15 and FIGS. 16 and 17 the radially outer flange 78 of the urging 
means is pulled away from the outer ends of the first tubular connector 
member 12 in the assembled condition, as shown in FIG. 27 to expose 
apertures 82, so that an attachment means such as the nap ring 58 can be 
positioned between urging means 70 and tubular member 1276 in a manner the 
same as that shown in FIG. 14 between tubular member 12 and outer flange 
467 in FIG. 14, or the attachment cylindrical cover 64 as shown in FIGS. 
16 and 17 can be used. 
As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the legs 44 of the engaging members 40 are 
longer than those of FIGS. 18 and 21. Also, the cylindrical base portion 
74 extends along the length of the urging means 70 and the engaging 
members 72 are provided at the free end of the cylindrical base portion 
74, as shown in FIGS. 28B and 28A. The cylindrical base portion 74 of the 
urging means 70 has a plurality of circumferentially arranged apertures 82 
in register with the engaging members 40 between the urging members 72 and 
the radially outer flange 78, to allow the engaging members 40 to be 
inserted in the apertures 82 when the urging means 70 is in the first free 
position, as shown in FIG. 27. 
A spring 84 is provided in the first tubular connector member 12 to bias 
the urging means 70 toward the second engaging position. Therefore, it is 
necessary to manually push the urging means 70 to the first position, at 
the beginning of the assembly, as shown in FIG. 26. Then the second 
tubular connector member 14 is inserted, lifting the engaging members 40 
by the annular projection 27 into the apertures 82. The urging means 70 is 
released when the second tubular connector member 14 reaches the shoulder 
28 and is moved back by the spring 84, as shown in FIG. 27. At this 
position, the urging members 72 radially urge the engaging members 40 into 
engagement with the annular projection 27, to thereby retain the first 
tubular connector member 14 in the first tubular connector member 12.