Process and apparatus for producing a (cigarette) rod

For the continuous production of the cigarette rod (10), the strip-like outer wrapper (12) and a tobacco strand (11) are provided on a forming belt (15) and conveyed, with the latter, through a rod-forming unit (13). Located within the latter is a forming bed (19) which, during transportation, deforms the forming belt (15) along with the outer wrapper (12) and the tobacco rod (11) so as to produce a cigarette rod (10). A compensating belt (21) is provided in order to avoid or reduce the friction of the forming belt on the forming bed (19), and said compensating belt circulates at reduced speed between the forming belt (15) and forming bed (19) The compensating belt (21) reduces the friction and dissipates (frictional) heat.

DESCRIPTION 
The invention relates to a process for producing a continuous rod with an 
outer wrapper, in particular a cigarette rod comprising an outer wrapper 
made of (cigarette) paper, it being the case that the outer wrapper, which 
is fed continuously as a material strip, and the material which is to be 
wrapped, in particular tobacco, rest on a conveyor, in particular on a 
forming belt, and are formed into a rod during transportation by (fixed) 
wrapping elements--forming beds--resting against a free side of the 
forming belt. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out 
the process. 
A rod-forming machine constitutes an important part of a 
cigarette-producing machine. Said rod-forming machine is used for the 
continuous production of a continuous cigarette rod. The latter comprises 
a usually cylindrical tobacco rod with an outer wrapper made of cigarette 
paper. 
During production of the cigarette rod, a tobacco rod rests on the outer 
wrapper, which is likewise fed continuously as a material strip, and is 
transported through a rod-forming unit by a belt conveyor, namely by a 
forming belt. The rod-forming unit has elements for deforming the tobacco 
rod and the material strip such that the latter fully encases the tobacco 
rod. The finished, continuous cigarette rod emerges from the rod-forming 
unit. 
The wrapping elements for deforming the tobacco rod and/or outer wrapper 
are positioned in a stationary manner and are preferably designed as a 
forming bed. The belt conveyor, that is to say the forming belt, rests on 
the forming bed and during transportation is deformed, together with the 
outer wrapper and tobacco rod, by said forming bed. The very high 
conveying speed of the forming belt and the resulting high friction cause 
a correspondingly high degree of frictional heat, which is disadvantageous 
for the production process and the product. 
The object of the invention is, during the production of a continuous rod 
with an outer wrapper, in particular during the production of a cigarette 
rod, to reduce the development of heat in the region of the rod-forming 
unit or of the wrapping elements. 
In order to achieve this object, the process according to the invention is 
characterized in that heat which is produced in the region of the wrapping 
elements or of the forming bed is dissipated by relatively large or 
additional surfaces and/or by using material of high thermal conductivity. 
Accordingly, the idea of the invention is that the heat which is produced 
by the friction should be distributed over additional sheet-like elements 
which provide for rapid heat dissipation and thus a reduction in the 
transmission of heat to the rod. 
In the case of the apparatus for carrying out the process, the invention 
provides, in addition to the forming belt, a further belt which runs 
through the rod-forming unit, namely an intermediate belt. The latter is 
positioned between the belt conveyor or forming belt, on the one hand, and 
the fixed element which produces the friction, that is to say the forming 
bed, on the other hand. Accordingly, the intermediate belt rests against 
the forming bed and dissipates some of the heat produced. Moreover, there 
is a reduction in the wear on the forming belt. 
According to a further important proposal of the invention, the 
intermediate belt is driven at a lower speed than the forming belt. This 
results, on the one hand, in (reduced) friction of the intermediate belt 
on the forming bed and, on the other hand, in likewise reduced friction 
between the forming belt and the intermediate belt. The latter consists of 
a selected material of high strength, formability and high thermal 
conductivity as well as a low coefficient of friction.

The exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the drawings is concerned 
with the production of a continuous rod, to be precise of a cigarette rod 
10. The latter comprises an inner tobacco rod 11 and an outer wrapper 12 
made of cigarette paper. 
FIG. 1 shows essential elements of a machine for forming (cigarette) rods. 
A rod-forming unit 13 forms the core of said machine. In the region of 
this unit, the tobacco rod 11 is combined with the outer wrapper 12, to be 
precise such that the outer wrapper 12 is formed around the tobacco rod 11 
during continuous transportation. Overlapping borders of the outer wrapper 
12 are connected to one another by adhesive bonding. 
The tobacco rod 11, which is formed in a known manner, is fed from above by 
a tobacco belt 14. The tobacco belt 14 has a conveying strand inclined at 
an acute angle. The tobacco belt 14 is designed as a suction belt, with 
the result that the tobacco rod is retained, and transported, on the 
bottom strand of the tobacco belt 14 by suction air. The tobacco belt 14 
is designed by side-bounding means such that the tobacco rod 11 resting 
against the tobacco belt 14 has already been preformed, that is to say has 
an approximately round cross-section and is conveyed into the rod-forming 
unit 13 in this way. 
The tobacco rod 11 is deposited on the outer wrapper 12, which is fed as a 
planar material strip, outside or in front of the rod-forming unit 13. 
Accordingly, a unit comprising the tobacco rod 11 and outer wrapper 12 
runs continuously into the rod-forming unit 13. The outer wrapper 12, or 
the material strip for forming the same, is drawn off from a reel (not 
shown). 
The outer wrapper 12 or the material strip is deposited on a belt conveyor, 
namely a forming belt 15. The latter is guided over deflecting rollers 16, 
17 so as to form a top, elongate conveying strand 18. The latter is fed 
the outer wrapper 12 first of all, and then the tobacco rod 11 is fed to 
it and deposited on the outer wrapper 12. 
The forming belt 15 is deformed in the rod-forming unit 13 together with 
the outer wrapper 12 and the tobacco rod 11, with the result that the 
outer wrapper 12 encloses the tobacco rod 11, the cigarette rod 10 being 
formed in the process. Positioned for this purpose within the rod-forming 
unit 13 are stationary forming tools or wrapping elements which extend in 
the conveying direction, namely a fixed forming bed 19. The latter changes 
continuously in cross-section, namely from a level, initial position on 
the inlet side (on the right in FIG. 1) into a hollow form in which it 
virtually completely encases the tobacco rod or cigarette rod 10. The 
elongate forming bed 19 executes this change in cross-sectional shape 
continuously, steplessly, with the result that the strip-like parts which 
are conveyed in abutment against the forming bed 19, namely the forming 
belt 15 and outer wrapper 12, are gradually deformed to the form of the 
cigarette rod 10 during transportation. The forming bed 19 is positioned 
in a mount 20 which is adapted to this form. 
In the case of the present exemplary embodiment of a rod-forming machine, 
the forming belt 15, or the conveying strand 18 thereof, only rests 
indirectly against the forming bed 19. An intermediate element, namely a 
compensating belt 21, is located between the forming belt 15 and forming 
bed 19. This likewise endless belt is guided over deflecting rollers 22, 
23 which, on account of the way in which they are arranged relatively to 
one another, form a horizontal strand 24. The latter runs in a plane 
between the forming belt 15, or the conveying strand 18 thereof, and the 
surface of the forming bed 19. The compensating belt 21, or the horizontal 
strand 24 thereof, accordingly rests against the forming bed 19. 
Accordingly, friction which is produced by the forming bed 19 acts with 
respect to the compensating belt 21 rather than with respect to the 
forming belt 15. 
In order to reduce the effects of the friction, in particular the formation 
of heat, the compensating belt 21 is driven in a specific manner, namely 
by a drive roller 25. The compensating belt 21 moves in the same direction 
as the forming belt 15. However, the speed of the compensating belt 21 is 
considerably lower than that of the forming belt 15. Expediently, the 
compensating belt 21 is moved at approximately half the speed of the 
forming belt 15. On the one hand, this results in reduced friction between 
the compensating belt 21 and forming bed 19. Furthermore, this results in 
likewise reduced friction between the forming belt 15 and compensating 
belt 21. This, in turn, results in reduced heat. Moreover, the 
compensating belt 21 forms an additionally sheet-like element for 
dissipating the heat from the rod-forming unit 13. 
The compensating belt 21 expediently consists of specific, selected 
material. The latter should have high thermal conductivity as well as a 
low coefficient of friction. A thin spring-steel strip is suitable and, in 
addition, the latter has a high strength. 
In the case of the present exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the 
forming bed 19 comprises a forming body with a forming surface 26 in the 
form of a hollow. A depression 27, which extends in the conveying 
direction, is provided in said forming surface. In the depression, which 
is likewise in the form of a hollow, the forming belt 15 and the 
compensating belt 21 run one beside the other. The forming surface 26 or 
the depression 27 changes in the conveying direction such that the belts 
15 and 21 enclose the tobacco rod 11 with the outer wrapper 12 to an 
increasing extent. In this case, the compensating belt 21 slides on the 
forming surface 26 in the region of the depression 27. The dimensions are 
selected such that the outer wrapper 12 projects laterally beyond the 
forming belt 15, and thus beyond the compensating belt 21, and rests 
against the forming surface 26 outside the depression 27. 
For additional dissipation of heat there is arranged, in the body of the 
forming bed 19, a suction-extraction channel 28 which is connected to the 
forming surface 26 or the depression 27 by way of a plurality of 
transversely directed bores 29 which are spaced apart from one another in 
the longitudinal direction. Air can be extracted via the 
suction-extraction channel 28, and thus cooler air can be fed from the 
outside. Alternatively, it is also possible for cooling air to be fed via 
the suction-extraction channel 28. In this case, said channel acts as a 
compressed-air channel. 
A special feature is that bores 30 are also arranged in the compensating 
belt 21. A row of such bores 30 extends in the longitudinal direction of 
the compensating belt 21, to be precise in the centre of the latter, 
adjacent to the bores 29 in the forming bed 19. The bores 30 can be used 
to produce negative pressure in the region of the forming belt 15, that is 
to say to produce cooling as well. 
A further special feature of the bores 29, 30 and the suction-extraction 
channel 28 is that the negative pressure means that the belts 15 and 21 
are precisely pressed or sucked onto the forming surface 26 of the 
depression 27 or of the forming bed 19. This provides for a more precise 
deformation of the two belts 15, 21. 
A forming shoe 31 runs above the tobacco rod 11. Said shoe forms the 
tobacco rod 11 on the free, top side. The forming shoe 31 has a profile 
which changes in the longitudinal direction, that is to say it has a 
decreasing wall thickness. 
For the purpose of improving the cooling effect, it is provided that the 
belts, namely the forming belt 15, on the one hand, and the compensating 
belt 21, on the other hand, run through a cooling unit 32, 33 outside the 
rod-forming unit 13. Said cooling unit may comprise a unit with cooling 
air or else with some other cooling medium.