Hair fixative composition containing cationic organic polymer and polydiorganosiloxane

Hair fixative preparations suitable for application to hair without subsequent rinsing are disclosed containing a mixture of polydiorganosiloxane and a cationic, organic polymer. The preparations are used for setting hair and may be formulated into aerosol mousse, lotion, gel, or cream type products. The preparations are especially effective in providing flexible, long-lasting hold for hair styles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a composition for fixing and setting curls in 
hair. More particularly, the invention relates to the combination of 
polydiorganosiloxane and cationic organic polymer components in a hair 
fixative formulation which is applied to hair without subsequent rinsing 
to provide combable and long-lasting hair styles. 
Many popular hair styles require a means to hold the hair in a desired 
configuration. Several procedures are commonly used for setting hair 
styles at home and in beauty salons including, for example, the winding of 
wetted hair around curlers or rods followed by drying; the winding of 
moist hair around a hot curling iron; and the blow drying of wet hair 
while rolling the hair around a hand held brush. It is generally 
recognized that the physical and chemical action of water plays a 
significant role in the process of setting hair. When hair is wetted, 
hydrogen bonds in the keratin of hair are broken. Then when hair is shaped 
using curlers, iron, or brush and dried, hydrogen bonds are reformed at 
locations different from the previous ones and the hair style is thus set. 
When hair is set by the use of water alone, the hair style gradually loses 
its shape through the absorption of atmospheric moisture and consequent 
rearrangement of the hydrogen bonds. A considerable number of hair setting 
compositions have been suggested to improve the durability of hair styles 
and especially to extend the time period that a set is retained in hair. 
Such compositions range from the permanent wave types which operate 
chemically by breaking and reforming disulfide linkages in the hair 
protein to preparations which provide a thin layer of film forming resin 
on the hair which tends to bond hair fibers together thereby maintaining a 
prearranged shape. 
Generally, the film forming resin preparations have been composed of water 
or alcohol solutions of anionic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, 
polyvinylpyrrolidonevinylacetate copolymers, polymethacrylate resins, 
ethyl and butyl monoesters of polymethylvinyl ether and maleic acid, or 
carboxylated polyvinylacetate copolymers. 
Such film forming resins have been used in several different ways. 
Finishing sprays, for example, are applied as a fine spray (aerosol or 
pump system) after the hair is styled and dry. Finishing sprays extend the 
life of a set by providing welds between hair fibers which maintain hold 
even after moisture has reduced or eliminated hold derived from hydrogen 
bonds. 
In contrast to finishing sprays, presetting preparations are applied to 
hair prior to shaping and drying. After drying, the hair is manipulated 
further with the dry resin film already on the hair in order to form the 
final style. Hold provided by hair fiber welds is ineffective with 
presetting preparations because the postdrying manipulation generally 
breaks up the welds. Consequently, a presetting preparation should 
envelope or impregnate each individual hair fiber with a thin film of 
resin which, while not binding to other hair fibers, will nevertheless 
provide the fiber with a longer lasting memory of the imposed set. 
When presetting preparations containing conventional resins are used to 
prolong set memory, they often make the hair objectionably stiff or 
sticky. In addition the resin tends to produce flaky or linty particles on 
the hair as the film breaks up during combing or brushing. The sticky and 
stiff character of the resin films also makes the coated hair difficult to 
comb or brush and may result in damaging or breaking hairs during such 
operations. 
Organic cationic compounds and polymers such as 
stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, quaternary nitrogen derivatives of 
cellulose ethers, and homopolymers and copolymers of 
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride are well known for use in hair 
conditioning formulations. Hair conditioners facilitate combing out hair 
and impart softness and suppleness to the hair. Cationic polymers are 
further known in the art for their substantivity which enables them to 
become fixed to hair and to remain on hair. Taking advantage of this 
substantivity, hair conditioning formulations are generally applied to wet 
hair which is subsequently rinsed before drying so that more uniform and 
thinner films of components are left on the hair. In comparison to the 
anionic polymers, conventional cationics generally show little effect in 
facilitating the setting of hair styles or providing retention of hair 
sets over extended periods. 
It is a purpose of the present invention to provide improved presetting 
preparations that facilitate the setting of hair styles; prolong the set 
memory of hair without making the hair unnaturally stiff or sticky; and 
provide flexible hold for hair so that it can be combed after setting 
without substantial loss of set memory. 
Todd et al. in "Silicones Provide Real Benefits for Aerosol Cosmetics", 
American Perfumer and Cosmetics, October, 1971, describe the effect of 
several types of silicones including dimethyl silicones ("dimethicones" by 
CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary nomenclature) used as a modifier for 
conventional hair fixative resins for hair spray preparations. Maeder in 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,257,281, June 21, 1966, describes a novel hair fixative 
resin for use in aerosol hair treatments. The resin contains 
N,N-dialkylamino substituents which provided water solubility when 
neutralized with an acid. Maeder further teaches that an antifoam silicone 
oil is combined with the resin in aerosol hair preparations. 
Starch in "Silicones in Hair Care Products", Drug and Cosmetic Industry, 
June 1984, discloses that dimethicone is used in a few commercial 
conditioners and hair sprays, but because of its tendency to form very 
hydrophobic films, its use in hair care products is limited. Starch 
further teaches that silicones which are modified or adapted by 
substituting some of the methyl groups on silicon by other more 
hydrophilic groups such as polyoxyalkylene or aminoalkyl groups have a 
greater variety of applications in hair care products. 
Matsunaga et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,037, Jan. 18, 1983, describe a 
variety of hair treatment cosmetics containing cationic keratin 
derivatives. Specifically, a hair conditioner formulation is illustrated 
which consists of 1 percent cationic keratin and 3 percent dimethyl 
polysiloxane in water. Matsunaga et al. show that after the conditioner is 
applied, the hair is rinsed in running water before drying. In contrast, 
for using cationic keratin in presetting hair fixative formulations, 
Matsunaga et al. teach a composition which consists of 1 percent cationic 
keratin, 10 percent ethanol, 0.5 percent of a polyoxyalkylene substituted 
silicone, 0.1 percent perfume, and the rest water. 
Cornwall et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,586,518, May 6, 1986, teach a hair 
setting method in which aminoalkyl substituted polydiorganosiloxane is 
applied to the hair with or without subsequent rinsing prior to setting. 
It is further taught that a quaternary nitrogen containing organic 
conditioner such as a quaternary nitrogen derivative of a cellulose ether 
may be combined in equal proportions with the aminoalkyl substituted 
polydiorganosiloxane for use in the hair setting method. 
Homan et al. in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 791,047 filed Oct. 24, 
1985, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application, 
teach hair fixative preparations for leave-on application to hair prior to 
setting. The preparations contain a blend of cationic organic polymer and 
carboxyalkyl substituted polydimethylsiloxane. Homan et al. report that 
these preparations form a flexible film on the hair which holds desired 
shapes during combing without forming flaky or linty particles. It is 
further reported that the hold lasts even under humid conditions. 
However, none of the above references seem to suggest combining cationic 
organic resins with unsubstituted polydimethylsiloxanes in a hair fixative 
formulation for application to hair prior to setting and without 
subsequent rinsing. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a hair fixative composition suitable for 
application to hair without subsequent rinsing. The composition consists 
essentially of (A) a polydiorganosiloxane which conforms generally to the 
formula QMe.sub.2 SiO(MeRSiO).sub.y SiMe.sub.2 Q wherein Me denotes the 
methyl radical; R independently denotes methyl, ethyl, vinyl, or phenyl 
radicals with the proviso that at least 90 percent of R radicals are 
methyl, and Q denotes hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, vinyl, or phenyl; and y has 
an average value from 20 to 2000, and (B) a cationic, organic polymer 
containing amine or ammonium groups in the polymer chain or joined to the 
polymer chain, in a suitable aqueous carrier, wherein the weight ratio of 
(A) to (B) in the composition is within the range of 1:20 to 2:1. 
The present invention further relates to a method of setting hair 
comprising the steps of: moistening the hair with water, applying to the 
hair an effective amount of the composition of this invention, rolling the 
hair around a shaping device, and drying the hair while the hair is 
rolled. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The hair fixative compositions of the present invention contain a 
combination of silicone and cationic organic polymer components. When the 
composition is applied to hair prior to setting, it forms a film on the 
hair which prolongs set memory yet leaves the hair feeling and looking 
naturally soft. Treated hair is also easier to comb when set with the 
compositions of this invention than when set with the cationic organic 
polymer only. The composition is especially advantageous in that it 
produces a flexible film on hair which allows combing the hair without 
losing the set memory and without forming flaky or linty particles from 
breakup of the film. Moreover, the film prolongs retention of hair shapes 
over extended periods of time even under humid conditions. 
The cationic, organic polymers used in the present invention are well known 
materials that typically are nonflowing, solid or rubbery solid materials 
at room temperature. The polymers are characterized primarily as having 
amine or ammonium groups either in the polymer chain or in substituents 
joined to the polymer chain. The amine or ammonium groups provide the 
polymers with their cationic character which is believed to be responsible 
for their substantivity to hair. The polymers are generally soluble or 
readily dispersible in water. The cationic organic polymers are described 
in detail in UK Patent Application No. 2,114,580 and in U.S. Pat. No. 
4,445,521, which are hereby incorporated by reference to further describe 
and provide examples of the cationic, organic polymers. 
Cationic, organic polymers include, among others, quaternary ammonium 
derivatives of cellulose ethers; copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose and 
dimethyldiallylammonium halide; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and 
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate; terpolymers of vinylcaprolactam, 
vinylpyrrolidone, and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate; quaternary ammonium 
derivatives of copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and 
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate; copolymers of acrylamide and 
dimethyldiallylammonium halide; and quaternary ammonium derivatives of 
copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate. Although any 
of the cationic, organic polymers can be used in the compositions of this 
invention, polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups are preferred. 
Compositions containing these polymers provide more effective and more 
durable films when applied to hair. 
Specific preferred polymers include quaternary ammonium derivatives of 
cellulose ethers, copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose and 
dimethyldiallylammonium halide, quaternary ammonium derivatives of 
copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, 
copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium halide, and 
quaternary ammonium derivatives of copolymers of acrylamide and 
dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate. Among the preferred polymers, the 
copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium halide and the 
copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose and dimethyldiallylammonium halide are 
most preferred. 
The polydiorganosiloxanes used in the present invention range from thin 
fluids having a viscosity of about 20 cs at 25.degree. C. to thick gums 
having viscosities of a million centistokes or more. The diorganosiloxane 
polymers are generally described by the formula 
EQU QMe.sub.2 SiO(MeRSiO).sub.Y SiMe.sub.2 Q 
wherein Me denotes the methyl radical; each R independently denotes methyl, 
ethyl, vinyl, or phenyl radicals, and Q denotes hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, 
vinyl, or phenyl radicals. The diorganosiloxane polymers most useful in 
this invention are predominately methyl substituted polymers wherein at 
least 90 percent of R radicals in the formula are methyl groups. It is 
most preferred to use polydimethylsiloxanes wherein essentially all R 
radicals are methyl groups. However, minor amounts, up to about 10 
percent, of other hydrophobic substituents such as ethyl, vinyl, and 
phenyl generally do not change the character of polydimethylsiloxanes 
greatly and such polymers are anticipated to function equivalently in the 
present invention. The polymer chains may be terminated by 
triorganosiloxane units such as trimethylsiloxane and 
dimethylvinylsiloxane or by hydroxyl groups. 
In the general formula for polydiorganosiloxanes, the value of y is 
referred to as the degree of polymerization of the polymer. This value 
essentially determines the viscosity of the polymer and may vary from 
about 20 to 2000 for the materials most useful in this invention. 
Generally, polydiorganosiloxane having a viscosity of about 200 to 15,000 
cs at 25.degree. C. are preferred because they can be more easily 
emulsified in water and because they perform advantageously with a wide 
range of cationic, organic resins. Polydiorganosiloxane within the 
preferred range of viscosities have average degrees of polymerization of 
from about 100 to about 600. 
The polydimethylsiloxanes are known materials (referred to as "dimethicone" 
in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary) which are commercially 
available in a variety of viscosities. Polydimethylsiloxanes are 
hydrophobic oils which are insoluble in water. Consequently, in order to 
form fixative preparations suitable for application to hair, they are 
dispersed in water with the aid of one or more surfactants to form stable 
emulsions. Emulsions of polydimethylsiloxanes are typically cloudy or 
milky white in appearance and have discrete domains or particles of 
silicone (ranging in size from about 120 nm to 1000 nm) dispersed 
uniformly throughout the water carrier. 
Emulsions of polydimethylsiloxanes are also well known and commercially 
available. They can be prepared by mixing the silicone in water with one 
or more surfactants. Any surfactant selected from the group consisting of 
cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants can be 
used to help stabilize the emulsion according to well known processes. 
Often it is advantageous for improved stability, to use a mixture of two 
or more surfactants such as a mixture of two nonionic surfactants, a 
mixture of an anionic and a nonionic surfactant, or a mixture of a 
cationic and a nonionic surfactant. Generally, from about 1 to 30 parts by 
weight of surfactants are used in the emulsion for each 100 parts by 
weight of silicone. Emulsification methods of polydimethylsiloxanes are 
described further in U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,029, which is hereby incorporated 
by reference. 
Hair fixative compositions are prepared by forming an aqueous dispersion or 
emulsion of the silicone in an aqueous solution of the organic polymer. 
The silicone may be emulsified into an aqueous medium which already 
contains the organic polymer or the silicone may be first emulsified in 
water and then the silicone emulsion combined with a second solution 
containing the organic polymer. Alternatively, the organic polymer may be 
dissolved in a preformed emulsion of the silicone. 
The combination of cationic, organic polymer and polydiorganosiloxane is 
diluted in the aqueous carrier liquid to facilitate obtaining even and 
effective treatment of the hair. The carrier liquid can be water only or 
it can be a mixture of water and a compatible organic solvent including 
alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol and glycols such as propylene 
glycol or other solvents as well known in the hair care art. 
The amount of carrier used in the compositions is not critical and can vary 
over a wide range. Usually, it is preferred, for ease of application, to 
use compositions containing from 0.1 to about 20 percent by weight of the 
combination of silicone and organic polymer. It is even more preferred 
that the composition contain 0.5 to 8 percent by weight of the combination 
of silicone and organic polymer. 
The weight ratio of silicone to organic polymer in the compositions of the 
present invention is within the range of about 1:20 to 2:1 inclusive. For 
example, the composition may contain 10 parts silicone and 90 parts 
organic polymer, 50 parts silicone and 50 parts organic polymer, or 65 
parts silicone and 35 parts organic polymer. It is even more preferred to 
use compositions wherein the proportion of silicone to organic polymer is 
in the range of 1:10 to 1:1 inclusive. Compositions with the above ratio 
of components are preferred because they generally provide a very 
desirable combination of flexible fixation and conditioning effects on 
hair. 
The compositions of this invention provide many improvements in hair 
characteristics that are not obtained by the use of either silicone or 
organic polymer alone. For example, on wet hair, the composition improves 
the ease of wet combing and provides a silkier touch. Once the treatment 
is dried, a film is formed on individual hair strands which mechanically 
holds the shape of the hair, but the hair continues to exhibit silkier 
touch and easy combing characteristics. While the organic polymer alone 
may provide some silkiness and improved combing, the combination with 
polydiorganosiloxane enhances these properties. Typically, the organic 
polymer alone has a tacky feel which is detackified upon addition of the 
silicone. Similarly, while the organic polymer alone on hair may provide 
some set memory effect, the combination of silicone and organic polymer on 
hair provides better set memory because the set is more durable, longer 
lasting, flexible, and lubricated for improved combing ease. The 
compositions of this invention containing unmodified silicones also have 
the added advantage that the silicone is not substantive to hair and 
consequently will not build up on the hair even with frequent use. 
The compositions of this invention may also contain other components such 
as thickeners, perfumes, colorants, propellant gases and small amounts of 
acids or bases to adjust pH as desired. When the composition is intended 
to be applied to the hair by first placing a portion in the hand and then 
transferring to the hair, it is preferred that the composition contain a 
thickener. The concentration of thickeners when used is generally from 0.5 
to 30 percent, and preferably from 0.5 to 15 percent by weight. 
Thickeners which can be used include sodium alginate, gum arabic, 
polyoxyethylene, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, cellulose derivatives 
such as methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, 
hydroxypropylcellulose, polypropylhydroxyethylcellulose, starch and starch 
derivatives such as hydroxyethylamylose and starch amylose and locust bean 
gum. 
Perfumes which can be used in the compositions are the cosmetically 
acceptable perfumes and they may be present in amounts which vary from 0.1 
to 0.5 percent by weight. 
When the composition is intended for aerosol preparations such as mousses, 
propellant gases can be included such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous 
oxide, volatile hydrocarbons such as butane, isobutane, or propane and 
chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane 
and dichlorotetrafluoroethane. 
The present invention further relates to a method of setting hair 
comprising the steps of: moistening the hair with water, applying to the 
hair an effective amount of the composition of this invention, rolling the 
hair around a shaping device, and drying the hair while the hair is 
rolled. The steps of the method of this invention may be performed in any 
order or simultaneously with the only exception being that the hair is 
dried while the hair is rolled and, of course, after the hair has been 
moistened with water and treated with the fixative composition of this 
invention. 
In the method of this invention, a desired shape or configuration is 
imposed on the hair by rolling the hair around a shaping device. Any of 
the conventional devices commonly used for setting hair styles may be 
employed in the method of this invention. For example the hair may be 
rolled on curlers, a curling iron or a hand held brush. The hair may be 
rolled while wet such as after shampooing or it may be rolled while dry 
and then moistened with water. Moistening of dry rolled hair may also be 
accomplished simultaneously with the application of the treatment 
composition since the hair fixative composition is delivered in an aqueous 
emulsion. 
In the method of this invention, the composition may be applied to the 
surface of the hair in any suitable manner such as by massaging the 
composition throughout the hair by hand, by dipping the hair into the 
composition, by brushing or combing the composition through the hair, or 
by padding the hair with sponges or cloth containing absorbed treating 
composition. The composition may be applied either before the hair is 
rolled or after it is rolled. Generally, however, it is preferred to apply 
the composition prior to rolling the hair since it is easier to treat the 
hair evenly at this stage. 
The hair fixative composition is formulated so that it is suitable to be 
applied to the hair without subsequent water rinsing. Such leave-on 
compositions of this invention are preferred because they provide 
longer-lasting shape holding properties to hair. 
Generally the amount of composition is applied that is effective to provide 
an improvement in curl retention. The amount required will vary with the 
quantity and type of hair of each individual. Also the amount applied will 
vary depending on the extent of curl retention desired. Appropriate 
amounts for any individual's hair are readily determined by one or two 
trial applications. 
The hair is dried while it is rolled in the desired shape or configuration. 
The hair may be dried by any convenient method such as by heating the hair 
with a blow dryer, with hot curlers, or with a heated curling iron. The 
hair may also be allowed to dry naturally at room temperature.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the invention to those 
skilled in the art and should not be construed as limiting the invention, 
which is properly delineated in the appended claims. All proportions by 
parts or percents are by weight unless otherwise stated. 
EXAMPLE 1 
This example compares the curl durability of hair which has been set after 
a treatment with either the cationic organic polymer or 
polydiorganosiloxane by itself or with a mixture of cationic organic 
polymer and polydiorganosiloxane. 
Dark brown European hair tresses were prepared in two gram bundles with a 
length of five inches. Hair tresses were treated by massaging 0.5 cc of 
the hair fixative composition into the hair for 30 seconds and then 
combing three times. Next, each tress was individually rolled onto a 3/4 
inch O.D. curler and allowed to dry 12 to 14 hours at low humidity (&lt;30% 
RH). Tresses were removed from the curlers, and hung in front of a 
calibrated board in a room at 70% RH, and then combed three times. The 
tress lengths were measured both prior to and immediately after combing 
and again 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours later. Curl drops were calculated by 
subtracting the length prior to combing from the subsequent lengths. The 
tresses were also evaluated (on a scale of 1 to 5 with lower numbers 
indicating preferred characteristics) for dry feel and dry comb. 
Hair tresses were treated with aqueous mixtures of a cationic organic 
copolymer and either trimethylsiloxane terminated polydimethylsiloxane 
(PDMS) or, for comparison, a modified polydimethylsiloxane containing 
polyoxyalkylene substituents (PDMS-POA). The cationic organic polymer used 
in the hair fixative compositions was a copolymer of hydroxyethylcellulose 
and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride which is commercially available as 
CELQUAT L200 from National Starch & Chemical Corporation, Bridgewater, 
N.J. 
An aqueous emulsion of silicone was used which contained about 60% of PDMS 
having a viscosity of about 350 cs at 25.degree. C., 3.5% of 
polyoxyethylene (6) isolauryl ether (a nonionic surfactant for stabilizing 
the silicone emulsion), and 0.23% of tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride (a 
cationic surfactant for stabilizing the silicone emulsion), 0.25% of 
propylene glycol, and 0.15% of preservatives. The silicone emulsion was 
milky, white in appearance and had an average particle diameter of 300 nm. 
In comparison mixtures, a polyoxyalkylene substituted silicone was used 
which had a viscosity of 1,000 cs at 25.degree. C., was compatible with 
water, and was a polymer averaging 157 dimethylsiloxane units and 21 
methylpolyoxyalkylenesiloxane units per molecule with about 60 mole % of 
the polyoxyalkylene substituents being about 36 units long with an equal 
mix of oxyethylene and oxypropylene units and with the remaining 
polyoxyalkylene substituents being about 12 units long with all 
oxyethylene units. 
Hair fixative compositions were prepared by mixing the above components in 
various proportions as shown in Table 1. The curl drops observed with two 
duplicate tresses for each treatment are also shown in Table 1. 
In Table 1, a shorter curl drop indicates improved set memory in comparison 
to a longer curl drop. The data shows that polydimethylsiloxane alone does 
not improve set memory. However, with a mixture of cationic organic 
polymer and polydimethylsiloxane the set memory is improved greatly. The 
data also illustrates that mixtures of organic polymer and 
polydimethylsiloxane surprisingly give better set memory than mixtures of 
organic polymer and polyoxyalkylene substituted silicone. It was also 
observed that dry hair released more easily from the curlers after 
treatments with mixtures of silicone and organic resin than when treated 
with only the organic resin. 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Hair Fixative Composition 
(percent by weight) 
PDMS- Curl Drop (cm) 
CELQUAT PDMS POA 0 hr 2 hr 4 hr 8 hr 24 hr 
______________________________________ 
3 0 0 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.5 
0.7 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 
1.5 0 0 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 
0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.5 
1.5 1.5 0 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.6 2.1 
0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 
2.1 0.9 0 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.6 
0.7 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.9 
2.7 0.3 0 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 
0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 
1.5 0 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.9 
0.6 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.0 
2.1 0 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.0 6.0 
0.7 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.8 
2.7 0 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 4.0 
0.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 
0 1.5 0 1.6 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.3 
1.5 2.2 2.6 3.5 6.0 
0 0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.5 5.5 7.5 
1.5 2.2 2.5 3.2 4.5 
Control (water only) 
2.6 3.6 4.0 4.6 6.6 
1.4 1.7 2.2 2.7 5.7 
______________________________________ 
After the curl drop evaluation, several of the tresses were moistened and 
again rolled on curlers without additional treatment. After drying, the 
tresses were unrolled and evaluated by a panel of five judges for ease of 
combing and feel. The tresses were evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 
indicates the most desirable characteristic and 5 the least desirable. 
Averages of the five evaluations are shown in Table 2. 
TABLE 2 
______________________________________ 
Hair Fixative Composition 
Average of 
(percent by weight) Evaluation 
CELQUAT PDMS PDMS-POA Combing 
Feel 
______________________________________ 
3 0 0 4.1 2.9 
1.5 0 0 3.1 2.5 
1.5 1.5 0 2.5 2.4 
1.5 0 1.5 3.0 2.4 
0 1.5 0 1.9 1.9 
Control (water only) 2.9 1.7 
______________________________________ 
The data in Table 2 show that fixative compositions of this invention 
improve combing and feel aesthetics of the hair as well as providing 
optimum set memory enhancement. 
EXAMPLE 2 
A hair fixative composition was prepared containing 2.5% of CELQUAT L200 
and 2.5% polydiorganosiloxane by dissolving the organic resin in water and 
adding an appropriate portion of the silicone emulsion described in 
Example 1. Five tresses were treated with the composition and tested for 
curl retention according to the procedure of Example 1. For comparison, 
control tests were made using only water or only a 5% CELQUAT solution as 
the treatment. The average curl drop for the treatments is shown in Table 
3. 
TABLE 3 
______________________________________ 
Curl Drop (cm) 
Hair Fixative Composition 
2 hr 4 hr 8 hr 24 hr 
______________________________________ 
water 1.7 2.6 3.6 5.6 
CELQUAT only 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.2 
CELQUAT-PDMS 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.5 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 3 
This example illustrates the use of several different polydimethylsiloxanes 
and emulsion forms in aqueous mixtures with a copolymer of acrylamide and 
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride. 
Composition I was prepared by mixing 0.42 g of the silicone emulsion 
described in Example 1 with 3.13 g of MERQUAT S (an 8% solids aqueous 
solution of a resinous copolymer of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium 
chloride available form Merck & Company, Inc, Rahway, N.J.) and 6.45 g of 
water. 
Composition II was prepared by mixing 0.71 g of a silicone gum emulsion 
with 3.13 g of MERQUAT S and 6.16 g of water. The silicone gum emulsion 
contained 35% polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of 
100,000 cs. The gum emulsion was prepared by emulsion polymerization of 
dimethylsiloxane cyclics and was stabilized with 2.3% of polyoxyethylene 
(10) nonylphenyl ether, a nonionic surfactant, and 1.9% of dodecylbenzene 
sulfonic acid neutralized with triethanol amine, an anionic surfactant. 
The emulsion was milky white and had an average particle diameter of 180 
nm. 
Composition III was prepared by mixing 0.42 g of an anionic silicone 
emulsion with 3.13 g of MERQUAT S and 6.45 g of water. The anionic 
silicone emulsion contained 60% polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity at 
25.degree. C. of 350 cs. The emulsion was stabilized with 3.8% of 
polyoxyethylene (6) isolauryl ether a nonionic surfactant and 0.23% of 
sodium alkylaryl polyether sulfate, an anionic surfactant commercially 
available as TRITON W-30, Rohm and Haas Company, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 
The anionic silicone emulsion was milky white and had an average particle 
diameter of 270 nm. 
Compositions I, II, and III each contained 2.5% of polydimethylsiloxane and 
2.5% of organic resin. Five tresses were treated with each composition and 
tested for curl retention according to the procedure of Example 1. For 
comparison, control tests were made using only water or only a 5% organic 
resin solution as the treatment. The average curl drop for the treatments 
is shown in Table 4. 
TABLE 4 
______________________________________ 
Curl Drop (cm) 
Hair Fixative Composition 
2 hr 4 hr 8 hr 24 hr 
______________________________________ 
water 1.7 2.6 3.6 5.6 
MERQUAT S only 1.2 1.7 2.6 4.1 
I 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.9 
II 1.6 2.3 3.1 4.8 
III 1.6 3.3 4.2 5.7 
______________________________________ 
The data in Table 4, indicates that with this particular organic resin, a 
cationic emulsion of silicone provides a longer lasting enhancement of set 
memory.