Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same

To miniaturize metal columns. A semiconductor device includes a metal column (14) that extends in a stretching direction; a polymer layer (16) that surrounds the metal column from a direction crossing the stretching direction; and a guide (12) that surrounds the polymer layer in the crossing direction so as to be spaced from the metal column with the polymer layer interposed therebetween. A method for manufacturing semiconductor devices includes a step of filling a mixture (20) containing metal particles (22) and polymers (24) in a guide (12); and a step of subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment so that the polymers agglomerate to the guide to form a polymer layer (16) that makes contact with the guide and the metal particles agglomerate away from the guide with the polymer layer interposed therebetween to form a metal column (14) that stretches in a stretching direction of the guide from the metal particles.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, relates to a semiconductor device having metal columns and a method for manufacturing the same.

BACKGROUND ART

Miniaturization of metal columns such as through-silicon vias (TSVs) which are penetration electrodes that pass through semiconductor substrates and bumps for connecting semiconductor chips is required to realize miniaturization of 3-dimensional integrated circuits.

Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose techniques for forming fine periodic patterns using self-organizing polymers. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for heating an anisotropic conductive paste in which solder particles are dispersed so that the solder particles agglomerate in an electrode portion and a metallic bond is formed between the electrode and the solder.

CITATION LIST

Patent Document

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose how to form metal columns such as penetration electrodes and bumps. In Non-Patent Document 1, it is not possible to miniaturize bumps.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems and an object thereof is to miniaturize metal columns.

Solutions to Problems

The present invention provides a semiconductor device including: a metal column that extends in a stretching direction; a polymer layer that surrounds the metal column from a direction crossing the stretching direction; and a guide that surrounds the polymer layer in the crossing direction so as to be spaced from the metal column with the polymer layer interposed therebetween.

In this configuration, the semiconductor device may further include a first substrate and a second substrate stacked in the stretching direction, and the metal column may be a bump that electrically connects the first and second substrates.

In this configuration, the guide may be provided in at least one of the first and second substrates.

In this configuration, the semiconductor device may further include a plurality of first electrodes provided on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; and a plurality of second electrodes provided on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and the metal column may connect the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes.

In this configuration, the semiconductor device may further include a first circuit provided in the first substrate so as to be electrically connected to the plurality of first electrodes; a second circuit provided in the second substrate so as to be electrically connected to the plurality of second electrodes; a detection circuit that detects a second electrode of the plurality of second electrodes to which at least one first electrode of the plurality of first electrodes is connected; and a switching circuit that switches at least one of connection between the first circuit and the plurality of first electrodes and connection between the second circuit and the plurality of second electrodes on the basis of a detection result of the detection circuit.

In this configuration, the semiconductor device may further include a semiconductor substrate, and the guide may be an insulator film formed on an inner surface of a through-hole that passes through the semiconductor substrate, the polymer layer may be filled in the through-hole, and the metal column may be a penetration electrode that passes through the polymer layer.

In this configuration, a plurality of the metal columns may be provided in the guide.

In this configuration, one metal column may be provided in the guide.

In this configuration, the guide may be hydrophilic and a region of the polymer layer making contact with the guide may be hydrophilic.

In this configuration, the polymer layer may include a hydrophilic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the guide and a hydrophobic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer, and the metal column may be provided on an inner side of the hydrophobic polymer layer.

In this configuration, the polymer layer may include a hydrophilic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the guide and a hydrophobic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer, and the metal column may be provided in a ring form between the hydrophilic polymer layer and the hydrophobic polymer layer.

In this configuration, the polymer layer may include a hydrophilic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the guide and a hydrophobic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer, and a plurality of the metal columns may be provided between the hydrophilic polymer layer and the hydrophobic polymer layer.

In this configuration, the guide may be hydrophobic and a region of the polymer layer making contact with the guide may be hydrophobic.

In this configuration, the polymer layer may include a hydrophobic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the guide and a hydrophilic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer, and the metal column may be provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer.

In this configuration, the polymer layer may include a hydrophobic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the guide and a hydrophilic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer, and the metal column may be provided in a ring form between the hydrophobic polymer layer and the hydrophilic polymer layer.

In this configuration, the polymer layer may include a hydrophobic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the guide and a hydrophilic polymer layer provided on an inner side of the hydrophilic polymer layer, and a plurality of the metal columns may be provided between the hydrophobic polymer layer and the hydrophilic polymer layer.

In this configuration, the metal column may be a multi-particle member.

In this configuration, a material of the metal column may have a melting point equal to or higher than a melting point of a material of the polymer layer.

The present invention also provides a semiconductor device including: a first substrate and a second substrate which are stacked; a plurality of first electrodes provided on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a plurality of second electrodes provided on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate; a plurality of bumps that connect the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes, respectively; a first circuit provided in the first substrate so as to be electrically connected to the plurality of first electrodes; a second circuit provided in the second substrate so as to be electrically connected to the plurality of second electrodes; a detection circuit that detects a second electrode of the plurality of second electrodes to which at least one first electrode of the plurality of first electrodes is connected; and a switching circuit that switches at least one of connection between the first circuit and the plurality of first electrodes and connection between the second circuit and the plurality of second electrodes on the basis of a detection result of the detection circuit.

The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices including: a step of filling a mixture containing metal particles and polymers in a guide; and a step of subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment so that the polymers agglomerate to the guide to form a polymer layer that makes contact with the guide and the metal particles agglomerate away from the guide with the polymer layer interposed therebetween to form a metal column that stretches in a stretching direction of the guide from the metal particles.

In this configuration, the method may further include a step of disposing a second substrate on a first substrate, and the step of subjecting to the heat treatment may include a step of forming the metal column as a bump that electrically connects the first and second substrates.

In this configuration, the step of filling the mixture may include a step of forming the mixture on at least one surface of the first and second substrates so that the mixture is filled in the guide formed in the at least one surface of the first and second substrates.

In this configuration, the method may further include a step of forming a through-hole so as to pass through a semiconductor substrate; and a step of forming an insulating film as the guide on an inner surface of the through-hole, and the step of filling the mixture may be a step of filling the mixture in the through-hole, and the metal column may be a penetration electrode that passes through the polymer layer.

In this configuration, the guide may be hydrophilic and the polymers may include at least hydrophilic polymers.

In this configuration, the polymers may include hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers, and in the step of subjecting the mixture to the heat treatment, the hydrophilic polymers may agglomerate to the guide and the hydrophobic polymers may agglomerate away from the guide.

In this configuration, the guide may be hydrophobic, and the polymers may include at least hydrophobic polymers.

In this configuration, the polymers may include hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers, and in the step of subjecting the mixture to the heat treatment, the hydrophobic polymers may agglomerate to the guide and the hydrophilic polymers may agglomerate away from the guide.

In this configuration, the step of subjecting the mixture to the heat treatment may be a step of subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment at a higher temperature than a melting point of the polymers.

A method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to the present invention may include a step of filling a mixture containing metal particles and polymers between a pair of guides that extends in a horizontal direction; and a step of subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment so that the polymers agglomerate to the guides to form a polymer layer that makes contact with the guides and the metal particles agglomerate away from the guides with the polymer layer interposed therebetween to form a metal column that stretches in a horizontal direction from the metal particles. In this case, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor device including a metal column that stretches in a horizontal direction; a polymer layer that sandwiches the metal column from a direction crossing the stretching direction; and a pair of guides that sandwiches the metal column and the polymer layer in the crossing direction so as to be spaced from the metal column with the polymer layer interposed therebetween. Moreover, it is possible to easily form metal columns that extend in the horizontal direction.

Moreover, a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to the present invention may include: a step of forming a metal film on a surface of a pair of guides that extends in a horizontal direction; a step of filling a mixture containing metal particles and polymers between the guides; and a step of subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment so that the metal particles agglomerate to the guides to form a metal column that stretches in a stretching direction of the guides so as to make contact with the guides and the polymers agglomerate away from the guides with the metal column interposed therebetween to form a polymer layer that stretches in the stretching direction of the guides. In this case, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor device including: a polymer layer that stretches in a stretching direction; a metal column that sandwiches the polymer layer from a direction crossing the stretching direction; and a pair of guides that sandwiches the metal column and the polymer layer in the crossing direction so as to be spaced from the polymer layer with the metal column interposed therebetween. Moreover, it is possible to form metal columns at a narrower interval and to narrow the interval of metal wirings formed from the metal columns. Furthermore, the method may preferably include a step of removing a metal film exposed to the surface of the respective guides. When the guides are provided on the surface of a substrate or the like, by forming the metal film so as to cover the surface of the substrate or the like and the surface of the respective guides and forming a guide layer on the metal film between the guides at an interval from the guides, it is possible to allow the polymers to agglomerate in the range of the guide layer to form a polymer layer that separates the metal columns.

Moreover, a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to the present invention may include: a step of forming a pair of guides of which the inner portion is formed of metal and of which the surface is covered by a hydrophilic or hydrophobic thin film, the guides extending in a horizontal direction; a step of filling a mixture containing metal particles and polymers between the guides; and a step of subjecting the mixture to a heat treatment so that the polymers agglomerate to the guides to form a polymer layer that makes contact with the guides and the metal particles agglomerate away from the guides with the polymer layer interposed therebetween to form a metal column that stretches in the stretching direction of the guides from the metal particles. In this case, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor device including: a metal column that stretches in a stretching direction; a polymer layer that sandwiches the metal column from a direction crossing the stretching direction; and a pair of guides of which the inner portion is formed of metal and which sandwiches the metal column and the polymer layer in the crossing direction so as to be spaced from the metal column with the polymer layer interposed therebetween. Moreover, by using the metallic portion of the inner portion of each guide and the metal column as metal wirings, it is possible to form metal wirings at a narrower interval. Furthermore, the method may preferably include a step of removing a thin film exposed to the surface of each guide.

In the method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to the present invention, the step of subjecting the mixture to the heat treatment may be performed after a plurality of planar supports in which a plurality of guides is provided on a surface and the mixture is filled between the guides are stacked. In this case, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor device formed by stacking a plurality of planar supports in which one or a plurality of the metal columns, one or a plurality of the polymer layers, and a plurality of the guides are provided so as to stretch along a surface in a vertical direction to the surface. Moreover, it is possible to form metal columns at a time in respective layers in which the supports are stacked. The method may include a step of removing the formed polymer layers after the heat treatment. In this way, it is possible to form multilayer wirings.

Effects of the Invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to miniaturize metal columns.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1(a) to 1(d)are diagrams for describing a method for forming metal columns according to Embodiment 1.FIGS. 1(a) and 1(c)are plan views andFIGS. 1(b) and 1(d)are cross-sectional views along A-A inFIGS. 1(a) and 1(c), respectively.

As illustrated inFIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), a mixture20containing metal particles22and polymers24is filled in a guide12. The guide12has hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties. As examples of the guide12having hydrophilic properties, inorganic insulators such as silicon oxides or silicon nitrides or metal can be used. As examples of the guide12having hydrophobic properties, an organic insulating film such as a hydrophobic polymer can be used. The guide12may be a film formed on a substrate or the like. The guide12may be a surface of a substrate which is subjected to hydrophilic or hydrophobic treatment. For example, although the surface of silicon is hydrophobic, when the surface of the silicon is oxidized to form a silicon oxide film, the surface has hydrophilic properties.

In the mixture20, the metal particles22are dispersed in the polymers24. The metal particles22are low-resistance metal such as gold (Au), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), or alloys containing these materials. Moreover, the metal particles22may be made from carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, the metal particles22are low-melting point metal such as tin (Sn), indium (In), or alloys containing these materials. The metal particles22are nanoparticles, for example, and have a diameter of approximately 1 nm to 100 nm. A number of metal particles22dispersed in the mixture20may be made from one kind of metal and may be made from a plurality of kinds of metal, and metal particles and carbon nanotubes may be mixed together. The content of the metal particles22in the mixture20is preferably between 1 and 50 vol. %.

As the polymers24, those exemplified in Patent Documents 1 and 2 or other polymers other than those described above can be used. The polymers24may contain particles such as fillers. The particles contained in the polymers24are inorganic insulating materials having a low thermal expansion coefficient such as silicon oxides, for example. When the guide12is hydrophilic, the polymers24preferably contain at least hydrophilic polymers. When the guide12is hydrophobic, the polymers24preferably contain at least hydrophobic polymers. The hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of polymers can be controlled by the presence of polarization and a hydrophilic or hydrophobic group of the polymers24and/or the molecular weight or the like of the polymers24.

A contact angle is broadly used as an indicator indicating the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. That is, the smaller the contact angle, the higher the hydrophilic properties, whereas the larger the contact angle, the higher the hydrophobic properties. For example, the contact angle of the polymer examples of the polymers24is approximately 90 degrees for styrene-based polymers, approximately 70 degrees for (meth)acrylic ester-based polymers, approximately 90 degrees for vinyl-based polymers, approximately 80 degrees for urea-based polymers, 75 to 90 degrees for imide-based polymers, 50 to 70 degrees for amide-based polymers, 80 to 95 degrees for urethane-based polymers, approximately 90 degrees for epoxy-based polymers, and approximately 90 degrees for benzocyclobutenes. In the present specification, “hydrophilic” and “hydrophobic” merely represents relative properties.

As illustrated inFIGS. 1(c) and 1(d), the mixture20is subjected to a heat treatment. In this way, the metal particles22and the polymers24are phase-separated. In this case, the polymers24agglomerate to the guide12. In this way, polymer layers16that make contact with the guide12are formed from the agglomerated polymers24. Since the polymers24agglomerate to the guide12, the metal particles22agglomerate away from the guide12. In this way, metal columns14spaced from the guide12with the polymer layers16interposed therebetween are formed from the agglomerated metal particles22. In this manner, the polymers24and the metal particles22are self-organized and the metal columns14are formed in the polymer layers16. The metal columns14extend in a stretching direction of the guide12. When the guide12is hydrophilic and the polymers24contain hydrophilic polymers, the polymers24are likely to agglomerate so as to make contact with the guide12. In this way, a region of the polymer layer16making contact with the guide12is hydrophilic. When the guide12is hydrophobic and the polymers24contain hydrophobic polymers, the polymers24are likely to agglomerate so as to make contact with the guide12. In this way, a region of the polymer layer16making contact with the guide12is hydrophobic. In this manner, in order to allow the polymers24to agglomerate so as to make contact with the guide12and to efficiently form the metal columns14in the polymer layers16, it is preferable that the contact angle of the polymers24is similar to the contact angle of the material of the guide12.

Melted metal has higher polarizability than hydrophilic polymers. Polymers having high polarizability have high hydrophilic properties, and substance having high hydrophilic properties are easily phase-separated from substance having low hydrophilic properties. Therefore, hydrophobic polymers are more easily phase-separated from melted metal than hydrophilic polymers. Therefore, when the metal particles22melt, it is preferable that the guide12has hydrophobic properties and the polymers24contain hydrophobic polymers. Moreover, the hydrophilic guide12can be easily formed using an inorganic insulating film or the like. Therefore, the guide12may be hydrophilic and the polymers24may contain hydrophilic polymers.

In semiconductor devices formed in this manner, the polymer layer16surrounds the metal column14from a direction crossing the stretching direction. The guide12is spaced from the metal column14with the polymer layer16interposed therebetween and surrounds the polymer layer16from the direction crossing the stretching direction. The guide12may not be formed so as to surround the polymer layer16completely. That is, inFIG. 1(c), a portion of the guide that surrounds the polymer layer16may be hydrophobic and another portion may be hydrophilic. InFIG. 1(d), a portion of the guide that surrounds the polymer layer16may be hydrophobic and another portion may be hydrophilic.

According to Embodiment 1, the polymers24agglomerate to the guide12to form the polymer layers16, and the metal particles22agglomerate away from the guide12to form the metal columns14. In this way, the metal columns14are formed to be spaced from the guide12. Therefore, it is possible to decrease the diameter of the metal columns14and/or the interval of the metal columns14. In this manner, miniaturization of the metal columns14is realized. By miniaturizing the metal columns14, it is possible to reduce the capacitance of the wires. The diameter and the interval of the metal columns14can be set between 0.1 μm and 10 μm, for example. For miniaturization of the metal columns14, the diameter and the interval of the metal columns14are preferably equal to or smaller than 1 μm. The height of the metal columns14can be set between 1 μm and 100 μm, for example. For example, it is possible to form the metal columns14having an aspect ratio of 10 or larger.

The heat treatment temperature may be set to such a temperature that the metal particles22and the polymers24are phase-separated. For example, the heat treatment temperature can be set between 150° C. and 300° C. More preferably, the heat treatment temperature is between 200° C. and 250° C. In order to realize phase-separation, the heat treatment temperature is preferably higher than the melting point of the polymers24.

A material having a lower melting point than the heat treatment temperature (for example, a material having a lower melting point than the polymers24) can be used as the metal particles22. In this case, when the heat treatment temperature is higher than the melting point of the metal particles22, the metal columns14melt. Due to this, fine holes are not formed in the metal columns14. In order to melt the metal particles22, the melting point of the metal columns14is preferably equal to or lower than the melting point of the polymer layer16but may be higher than the melting point of the polymer layer16. When a material having a higher melting point than the heat treatment temperature is used as the metal particles22, the metal columns14form multi-particle bodies having fine holes in which the metal particles22agglomerate and make contact with each other.

Embodiment 2 is an example in which a mixture of hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers is used as the polymers24.FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b)are diagrams illustrating a method for forming metal columns according to Embodiment 2.FIG. 2(a)is a plan view andFIG. 2(b)is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A inFIG. 2(a). InFIGS. 2(a) and 2(b)of Embodiment 2, a mixture of hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers is used as the polymers24. Hydrophobic polymers have hydrophobic properties as compared to hydrophilic polymers. The hydrophilic polymers and the hydrophobic polymers are polymers that do not mix with each other. The hydrophilic polymers and the hydrophobic polymers can be appropriately selected according to the presence of polarization and a hydrophilic or hydrophobic group of the polymers24and/or the molecular weight or the like of the polymers.

As illustrated inFIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), when the mixture is subject to a heat treatment, the hydrophilic polymers, the hydrophobic polymers, and the metal particles are phase-separated. When the guide12is hydrophilic, the hydrophilic polymers agglomerate to the guide12, and a first polymer layer16aformed close to the guide12is a hydrophilic polymer layer. The hydrophobic polymers agglomerate away from the guide12, and a second polymer layer16bwhich is a hydrophobic polymer layer is formed on an inner side of the first polymer layer16a. The metal particles22agglomerate to the inner side of the hydrophobic polymers and the metal column14is formed on the inner side of the second polymer layer16a. When the guide12is hydrophobic, the hydrophobic polymers agglomerate to the guide12and the hydrophilic polymers agglomerate away from the guide12. In this way, configurations other than the configuration in which the first polymer layer16ais a hydrophobic polymer layer and the second polymer layer16bis a hydrophilic polymer layer are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and the description thereof will be omitted.

FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b)are diagrams illustrating a method for forming metal columns according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.FIG. 3(a)is a plan view andFIG. 3(b)is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A inFIG. 3(a). In Modification 1 of Embodiment 2, as illustrated inFIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the metal column14is formed on the inner side of the first polymer layer16a. The second polymer layer16bis formed on the inner side of the metal column14. In this manner, the metal column14is formed between the first polymer layer16aand the second polymer layer16bin a ring form. The other configuration is the same as Embodiment 2, and the description thereof will be omitted.

FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b)are diagrams illustrating a method for forming metal columns according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 2.FIG. 4(a)is a plan view andFIG. 4(b)is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A inFIG. 4(a). In Modification 2 of Embodiment 2, as illustrated inFIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), a plurality of metal columns14is formed between the first polymer layer16aand the second polymer layer16b. The other configuration is the same as Modification 1 of Embodiment 2, and the description thereof will be omitted.

According to Embodiment 2 and the modifications thereof, the polymers24contain hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers. Due to this, when the guide12is hydrophilic, the hydrophilic polymers agglomerate to the guide12and the hydrophobic polymers agglomerate away from the guide12during a heat treatment. Therefore, the first polymer layer16ais a hydrophilic polymer layer and the second polymer layer16bis a hydrophobic polymer layer. When the guide12is hydrophobic, the first polymer layer16ais a hydrophobic polymer layer and the second polymer layer16bis a hydrophilic polymer layer. In this manner, when hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers are phase-separated, since the metal particles22are also phase-separated, the metal particles22agglomerate more easily than Embodiment 1. Therefore, it is possible to form the metal columns14with high accuracy.

When the metal particles22melt, melted metal is more easily phase-separated from hydrophobic polymers than hydrophilic polymers. Therefore, the guide12is preferably hydrophilic and the first polymer layer16ais preferably a hydrophilic polymer layer. Due to this, the metal columns14are formed by phase-separation between hydrophobic polymers and melted metal. Therefore, it is possible to form the metal columns14with higher accuracy.

As with Embodiment 2, the metal columns14may be provided on the inner side of the second polymer layer16b. In this way, it is possible to decrease the diameter of the metal columns14. As with Modification 1 of Embodiment 2, the metal column14may be provided between the first polymer layer16aand the second polymer layer16bin a ring form. As with Modification 2 of Embodiment 2, a plurality of metal columns14may be provided between the first polymer layer16aand the second polymer layer16b. In this way, it is possible to further decrease the interval of the metal columns14.

Which one of Embodiment 2 and the modifications thereof will be selected can be appropriately set according to the material and/or the particle size, and the heat treatment conditions of the metal particles22such as the material and/or the molecular content of the hydrophilic polymers and the hydrophobic polymers. For example, when the hydrophobic polymers have weak hydrophobic properties, such metal columns14as described in Embodiment 2 can be formed. When the hydrophobic polymers have strong hydrophobic properties, such metal columns14as described in Modification 1 of Embodiment 2 can be formed. By forming a plurality of electrodes which serves as seeds on the mixture20, it is possible to form such metal columns14as described in Modification 2 of Embodiment 2.

Embodiment 3 is an example of forming a plurality of metal columns14in the guide12and is an example of a via-middle method.FIGS. 5(a) to 5(e)are diagrams illustrating a method for forming metal columns according to Embodiment 3.FIGS. 5(a) and 5(c)are plan views,FIGS. 5(b) and 5(d)are cross-sectional views taken along A-A inFIGS. 5(a) and 5(c), respectively, andFIG. 5(e)is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the cross-sectional views taken along A-A ofFIGS. 5(a) and 5(c).

As illustrated inFIGS. 5(a) and 5(b), a mixture20is filled in a guide12. As illustrated inFIGS. 5(c) and 5(d), an insulating film26having a plurality of openings is formed on the guide12and the mixture20. The insulating film26is an inorganic insulating film such as silicon oxides or silicon nitrides or an organic insulating film such as a resin, for example. A plurality of electrodes28is formed so as to make contact with the mixture20through the plurality of openings of the insulating film26. The electrode28is a metal layer such as gold, copper, nickel (Ni), or titanium (Ti), for example. The mixture20may be filled in the guide12after the insulating film26and the electrode28are formed.

As illustrated inFIG. 5(e), the mixture20is subjected to a heat treatment. The metal particles22agglomerate using the plurality of electrodes28as seeds to form a plurality of metal columns14. The other configuration is the same as Embodiment 1, and the description thereof will be omitted.

According to Embodiment 3, a plurality of metal columns14is formed in the guide12. In this way, even when the guide12is miniaturized, miniaturization of the metal columns14can be realized. Particularly, it is possible to decrease the interval of the metal columns14. The arrangement of the metal columns14can be set arbitrarily according to the arrangement of the electrodes28.

Moreover, since the electrodes are in contact with the mixture20, a plurality of metal columns14are formed so as to make contact with the plurality of electrodes28, respectively. Since the insulating film26is formed between the electrodes28so as to make contact with the mixture20, the metal column14is not formed between the electrodes28. Due to this, it is possible to further decrease the interval of the plurality of metal columns14.

When the metal column14is metal having a low melting point such as tin or indium, the electrode28is preferably formed of a material having a higher melting point than the metal column14so that the electrode28does not melt during a heat treatment. The electrode28is preferably nickel so that the electrode functions as a seed of tin or indium. When the metal column14is metal having a high melting point such as gold or silver, since the electrode28does not melt during a heat treatment, the electrodes28may be the same material as the metal column14.

When the electrode28is used as a seed when forming the metal column14, the guide12may not be provided. Moreover, the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the guide12may not correspond to that of the polymers.

Embodiment 4 is an example in which the metal column14is used as a penetration electrode that passes through a semiconductor substrate and is an example of a via-last method.FIGS. 6(a) to 6(e)are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to Embodiment 4.

As illustrated inFIG. 6(a), transistor regions40including transistor and the like are formed on the semiconductor substrate10. The semiconductor substrate10is a single crystal silicon substrate, for example. Electrodes34are formed on the semiconductor substrate10. The electrodes34are metal layers such as copper layers or nickel layers, for example. A multilayer wiring32is formed on the semiconductor substrate10. The multilayer wiring32is a structure in which a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of wiring layers are alternately stacked. The insulating layer is a silicon oxide layer, for example, and the wiring layer is a conductive layer such as a copper layer. The multilayer wiring32and the transistors and the like in the transistor regions30form a circuit. Electrodes38are formed on the multilayer wiring32. The electrodes38are conductive layers such as copper layers. The electrodes38and34are electrically connected by wirings36in the multilayer wiring32. Bumps and the like may be formed on the electrode38. The electrodes34may be electrically connected to the transistors in the transistor regions30.

As illustrated inFIG. 6(b), the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10is ground. In this way, the semiconductor substrate10is thinned to a thickness between approximately 10 μm and 100 μm, for example.

As illustrated inFIG. 6(c), holes18are formed so as to pass through the semiconductor substrate10from the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10. The holes18are formed using a deep reactive ion etching (RIE) method. The guide12is formed on the inner surface of the hole18. The diameter of the hole18is between 1 μm and 10 μm, for example. For example, the semiconductor substrate10is thermally oxidized to form the guide12formed of a silicon oxide film. An insulating film such as a silicon oxide film may be formed as the guide12using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, for example. In this way, the guide12having hydrophilic properties is formed. Moreover, an organic insulating film such as polymers may be formed on the inner surface of the hole18as the guide12. For example, the guide12of hydrophobic polyimide can be formed by polymerizing pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and oxydianiline (ODA).

As illustrated inFIG. 6(d), the polymer layer16and the metal column14are formed in the hole18using the method for forming metal columns according to Embodiments 1 and 2 and the modifications thereof. As illustrated inFIG. 6(e), electrodes40electrically connected to the metal columns14are formed on the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10. The electrodes40are metal layers such as copper layers, for example. The metal columns14function as penetration electrodes that electrically connect the electrodes34and40. The diameter of the metal column14is between 0.1 μm and several μm, for example.

Modification 1 of Embodiment 4 is an example of a via-middle method.FIGS. 7(a) to 7(e)are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 4. As illustrated inFIG. 7(a), the transistor regions30are formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10.

As illustrated inFIG. 7(b), the holes18are formed from the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10. The guide12is formed in the inner surface of the hole18. As illustrated inFIG. 7(c), the polymer layer16and the metal column14are formed in the holes18using the method for forming metal columns according to Embodiments 1 and 2 and the modifications thereof. As illustrated inFIG. 7(d), the electrodes34, the multilayer wiring32, and the electrodes38are formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10. As illustrated inFIG. 7(e), the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10is ground so that the metal columns14are exposed. The electrodes40electrically connected to the metal columns14are formed on the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10. The other configuration is the same as Embodiment 4, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Modification 2 of Embodiment 4 is an example of forming a plurality of metal columns14in the hole18.FIGS. 8(a) to 8(d)are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 4. As illustrated inFIG. 8(a), transistor regions30are formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10and the multilayer wiring32is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10. The wirings36in the multilayer wiring32electrically connect the electrodes34and38. The plurality of electrodes34are formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10so as to be adjacent to each other.

As illustrated inFIG. 8(b), the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10is ground. Holes18that pass through the semiconductor substrate10are formed from the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate10so that the plurality of adjacent electrodes34are exposed. The guide12is formed on the inner surface of the hole18.

As illustrated inFIG. 8(c), a plurality of metal columns14and a plurality of polymer layers16are formed in the hole18using the method for forming metal columns according to Embodiment 3. The metal columns14are formed so as to make contact with the electrodes34. The metal columns14can be formed in an arbitrary arrangement by setting the arrangement of the electrodes34. As illustrated inFIG. 8(d), the electrodes40that make contact with the metal columns14are formed. The interval of the metal columns14is between 0.1 μm and several μm, for example. The other configuration is the same as Embodiment 4, and the description thereof will be omitted.

According to Embodiment 4 and the modification thereof, the hole18that serves as the through-hole that passes through the semiconductor substrate10is formed as illustrated inFIGS. 6(c), 7(b), and 8(b). The input interface as the guide12is formed on the inner surface of the hole18as illustrated inFIGS. 6(c), 7(b), and 8(b). A mixture is filled in the hole18as illustrated inFIGS. 6(d), 7(c), and 8(c). After that, the metal columns14as the penetration electrodes that pass through the polymer layer16are formed using Embodiments 1 and 3 and the modifications thereof.

When the penetration electrodes that pass through the semiconductor substrate10are formed, it is difficult to form fine penetration electrodes having a high aspect ratio at a low cost. For example, an insulating film is formed in the hole. The insulating film is made relatively thick to suppress short-circuiting between the penetration electrode and the semiconductor substrate. A barrier layer and a seed layer are formed in the insulating film. After that, the penetration electrodes are formed using a plating method. In this method, the number of manufacturing steps increases and the manufacturing cost increases. Moreover, it is difficult to form the insulating film, the barrier layer, and the seed layer in a hole having a high aspect ratio.

In Embodiment 4 and the modification thereof, the polymer layer16functions as an insulating film for suppressing short-circuiting between the penetration electrode and the semiconductor substrate, and the guide12is used for making the inner surface of the hole18hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Due to this, the insulating film used as the guide12may be thin. The polymer layer16can be made thick to form the polymer layer16by self-organization. Since the polymer layer16can be made thick, it is possible to increase the aspect ratio of the penetration electrode as compared to the aspect ratio of the hole18. In this way, it is possible to form fine penetration electrodes having a high aspect ratio at a low cost.

It is not desirable that heat at which the polymer layer16melts is applied after the metal columns14are formed. For example, it is not desirable that heat of 300° C. or higher is applied to the polymer layer16. In Embodiment 4, the metal columns14are formed after the multilayer wiring32is formed. Due to this, heat of a higher temperature can be applied than Modification 1 of Embodiment 4 in the step of forming the multilayer wiring32.

In Modification 2 of Embodiment 4, a plurality of metal columns14is formed in the hole18. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the interval of the penetration electrodes. A method of forming a plurality of metal columns14in the hole18may be applied to a via-middle method.

In Embodiment 4 and Modification 2 thereof, since the electrode34serves as a seed when forming the metal column14, it is not necessary to provide the guide12. Moreover, the hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties of the guide12may not correspond to that of the polymers.

Embodiment 5 is an example in which metal columns14are used as micro-bumps that connects substrates of stacked semiconductor chips or the like.FIGS. 9(a) to 9(c),FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b), andFIG. 11are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices according to Embodiment 5.

As illustrated inFIG. 9(a), a semiconductor chip11includes a semiconductor substrate10, a multilayer wiring32, and electrodes38. A transistor region30is formed on an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate10. The multilayer wiring32is formed on the semiconductor substrate10. The electrodes38are formed on the multilayer wiring32. A penetration electrode that passes through the semiconductor substrate10may be provided.

As illustrated inFIG. 9(b), guides12are formed on the semiconductor chip11. The guide12is an insulating film, for example, and is an inorganic insulator of a silicon oxide film or the like or an organic insulator of a resin or the like. At least a side surface of the guide12is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. The guide12is formed so as to surround the electrode38.

As illustrated inFIG. 9(c), a mixture20is formed on the semiconductor chip11. The mixture20is formed so as to cover the guides12.

As illustrated inFIG. 10(a), semiconductor chips11aand11bare disposed so that the mixtures20face each other. The semiconductor chips11aand11bare the semiconductor chip11illustrated inFIG. 9(c), for example. In this way, a plurality of electrodes38are disposed on the facing surfaces of the semiconductor chips11aand11b. As illustrated inFIG. 10(b), the mixtures20of the semiconductor chips11and11bare brought into contact with each other.

As illustrated inFIG. 11, a heat treatment is performed so that polymers agglomerate to the guide12to form a polymer layer16. Metal particles agglomerate using the electrodes38as seeds to form metal columns14that connect the electrodes38. The metal columns14electrically connect the semiconductor chips11aand11b. The diameter and the interval of the metal columns14are between 0.1 μm and 10 μm, for example. The height of the metal columns14is between 1 μm and several tens of μm, for example.

According to Embodiment 5, as illustrated inFIG. 10(a), the semiconductor chip11bas a second substrate is disposed on the semiconductor chip11aas a first substrate. As illustrated inFIG. 11, the metal columns14as bumps that electrically connect the semiconductor chips11aand11bare formed using Embodiments 1 and 3 and the modifications thereof. Specifically, the metal columns14connect the plurality of electrodes38of the semiconductor chip11aand the plurality of electrodes38of the semiconductor chip11b.

In the method of Non-Patent Document 1, it is difficult to decrease the electrode interval so that no bump is formed between adjacent electrodes. In Embodiment 5, since the guide12is provided, it is possible to form the metal columns14even when the interval of the electrodes38is small. Therefore, it is possible to realize miniaturization of bumps.

In Embodiment 5, although the guide12is provided in both semiconductor chips11aand11b, the guide12may be provided in at least one of the semiconductor chips11aand11b. Moreover, although the mixture20is filled in both semiconductor chips11aand11b, the mixture20may be formed in at least one surface of the semiconductor chips11aand11band the mixture20may be filled in the guide12formed in at least one surface of the semiconductor chips11aand11b.

In Embodiment 5, although the semiconductor chips11aand11bare described as examples of the first and second substrates, respectively, at least one of the first and second substrates may be an interposer and may be a wiring substrate.

Embodiment 6 is an example in which a semiconductor chip includes a detection circuit and a switching circuit.FIG. 12is an example of an alignment error occurring in Embodiment 5. As illustrated inFIG. 5, when the semiconductor chips11aand11bare disposed to face each other in Embodiment 5, alignment may deviate. In Embodiment 5, it is possible to decrease the pitch of the metal columns14. For example, the pitch of the electrodes38can be set to be equal to or smaller than 1 μm. On the other hand, the alignment accuracy of the semiconductor chips11aand11bis several μm, for example. Therefore, when an alignment error occurs, electrodes38different from the electrodes38which are to be connected are electrically connected by the metal column14. Embodiment 6 solves such a problem.

FIG. 13is a block diagram of a semiconductor device according to Embodiment 6. Semiconductor chips11aand11binclude detection circuits50aand50b, switching circuits52aand52b, and internal circuits54aand54b, respectively. The detection circuits50aand50b, the switching circuits52aand52b, and the internal circuits54aand54binclude an electronic circuit formed by the transistors in the transistor region30and the multilayer wiring32. A plurality of electrodes38aand38band the detection circuits50aand50bare electrically connected by a plurality of wirings60aand60b, respectively. The detection circuits50aand50band the switching circuits52aand52bare electrically connected by a plurality of wirings62aand62b, respectively. The switching circuits52aand52band the internal circuits54aand54bare electrically connected by a plurality of wirings64aand64b, respectively. The plurality of electrodes38aof the semiconductor chip11aand the plurality of electrodes38bof the semiconductor chip11bare electrically connected by a plurality of metal columns14, respectively.

The internal circuits54aand54bare circuits (first and second circuits) that realize the original functions of semiconductor chips and are electrically connected via the electrodes38aand38band the wirings60aand60bto64aand64b, respectively. The detection circuits50aand50bdetect an electrode38bof the plurality of electrodes38bto which at least one electrode38aof the plurality of electrodes38ais connected. The switching circuits52aand52bswitch at least one of the connection between the internal circuit54aand the plurality of electrodes38aand the connection between the internal circuit54band the plurality of electrodes38bon the basis of the detection results of the detection circuits50aand50b.

An example in which a boundary scan circuit is used as the detection circuits50aand50bwill be described.FIG. 14is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detection circuit according to Embodiment 6. The switching circuits52aand52bare not illustrated. Although a case in which signals are output from the semiconductor chip11ato the semiconductor chip11bis described, the same is true for a case in which signals are output from the semiconductor chip11bto the semiconductor chip11a.

The BS circuit72aoutputs signals output by the internal circuit54ato the buffer74aduring the operation of the internal circuit54aon the basis of an instruction from the control circuit76aand outputs a boundary scan signal input from the adjacent BS circuit72ato another BS circuit72ain synchronization with clocks during boundary scan. The buffer74aadjusts the level or the like of the signals output from the BS circuit72aand outputs the signals to the electrodes38a.

The BS circuit72boutputs signals output by the internal circuit54bto the buffer74bduring the operation of the internal circuit54bon the basis of an instruction from the control circuit76band outputs a boundary scan signal input from the adjacent BS circuit72bto another BS circuit72bin synchronization with clocks during boundary scan. The buffer74badjusts the level or the like of the signals output from the BS circuit72band outputs the signals to the electrodes38b.

The control circuits76aand76bcontrol the BS circuits72aand72band perform boundary scan. Boundary scan signals propagate through the wirings78aand78b. The signals propagating between the internal circuits54aand54bare input to or output from the electrodes38aand38b. The electrodes38aand38bare electrically connected by the metal columns14. The boundary scan signals are input to or output from electrodes38cand38dwhich are connected by the metal columns14. Control signals propagating between the control circuits76aand76bare input to or output from the electrodes38eand38fwhich are connected by the metal columns14.

The control circuits76aand76bperform boundary scan whereby which electrode38bof the plurality of electrodes38bis connected to at least one electrode38aof the plurality of electrodes38a.

Due to an alignment error between the semiconductor chips11aand11b, when the electrodes38cand38dare not connected and/or the electrodes38eand38fare not connected, boundary scan cannot be performed. Therefore, even when the semiconductor chips11aand11bare misaligned, the electrodes38cand38dare connected and the electrodes38eand38fare connected. For example, a plurality of electrodes38cto38fis provided. Alternatively, the area of the electrodes38cto38fis increased. In this way, even when the semiconductor chips11aand11bare bonded in a misaligned state, at least one of the plurality of electrodes38cis connected to at least one of the plurality of electrodes38d. The same is true for the electrodes38eand38f.

FIGS. 15 and 16are block diagrams for describing an example of an operation of a semiconductor device according to Embodiment 6. The detection circuit50is not illustrated. As illustrated inFIGS. 15 and 16, the switching circuits52aand52binclude a plurality of switches66aand66bthat switch the connection between a plurality of wirings62aand62band a plurality of wirings64aand64b. The switches66aand66bcan arbitrarily connect or disconnect terminals A to H connected to the plurality of wirings62aand62band terminals a to h connected to the plurality of wirings64aand64b, respectively.

InFIG. 15, the electrodes38aand38bwhich are to be connected are connected by the metal column14without any shift. The switches66aand66bconnect the terminals A to H to the terminals a to h, respectively. In this way, the internal circuits54aand54bare electrically connected in such a connection relation as intended.

InFIG. 16, the electrodes38aand38bare connected in a shifted state. In the example ofFIG. 16, the electrodes38bare connected to the electrodes38aso as to be shifted to the left by two electrodes. The switching circuit52aconnects the terminals A to F to the terminals b to g, respectively. The switching circuit52bconnects the terminals C to H to the terminals b to g, respectively. In this way, the internal circuits54aand54bare electrically connected in such a connection relation as intended. The wirings64aand64bat both ends of the internal circuits54aand54bare dummy wirings.

According to Embodiment 6, the detection circuits50aand50bdetect a connection relation between the electrodes38aand38b, and the switching circuits52aand52bswitches at least one of the connection between the internal circuit54aand the electrode38aand the connection between the internal circuit54band the electrode38b. In this way, when the alignment accuracy of the semiconductor chips11aand11bis larger than the pitch of the electrodes38aand38b, even if the connection between the electrodes38aand38bshifts from an intended connection relation, it is possible to connect the internal circuits54aand54bin an intended connection relation.

When the alignment between the semiconductor chips11aand11bis shifted in parallel without incurring rotation, the direction and the amount of the shift between the electrodes38aand38bare the same for all electrodes38aand38b. Due to this, for example, when the electrodes38aand38bare arranged at the same pitch, the switching circuits52aand52bmay switch the connection so that the connection between the electrodes38aand38bis shifted in the same direction and by the same amount. Moreover, the detection circuits50aand50bmay detect the electrode38bto which one electrode38ais connected. In this way, the direction and the amount of the shift between the electrodes38aand38bare determined.

Any one of the detection circuits50aand50bmay not be provided. Any one of the switching circuits52aand52bmay not be provided.

Although a case in which the semiconductor chips11aand11bare stacked using the method of Embodiment 5 has been described as an example in Embodiment 6, the detection circuits50aand50band the switching circuits52aand52bmay be applied when the semiconductor chips11aand11bare stacked by another method.

Embodiment 7 is an example for forming metal columns extending in a horizontal direction.FIGS. 17(a) and 17(b)are diagrams illustrating a method for forming metal columns14according to Embodiment 7.FIG. 17(a)is a plan view andFIG. 17(b)is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A inFIG. 17(a). As with Embodiment 1, a mixture containing metal particles and polymers is filled between a pair of guides12provided on a surface of a substrate so as to extend in a horizontal direction. After that, as illustrated inFIGS. 17(a) and 17(b), the mixture is subjected to a heat treatment so that the metal particles and the polymers are phase-separated.

In this case, the polymers agglomerate to the guides12to form a pair of polymer layers16, and the metal particles agglomerate away from the guides12to form a metal column14between the polymer layers16. The polymer layers16and the metal column14stretch in a horizontal direction along the stretching direction of the guides12. The other configuration is the same as Embodiment 1 and the description thereof will be omitted. In this manner, according to a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices of the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to form the metal column14extending in the horizontal direction as well as the metal column14extending in the vertical direction. Moreover, by bending the guides12in advance to the right or left side, it is possible to form the metal columns14that bend in the right or left direction as well as extending straightly.

Embodiment 8 is an example illustrating a method of narrowing the interval of metal wirings.FIGS. 18 and 19are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for forming metal columns14according to Embodiment 8. As illustrated inFIG. 18(a), a pair of guides12formed of silicon oxides or the like is provided on a surface of a substrate80and a thin metal film82is formed so as to cover the surface of the substrate80and the surface of the guides12. Furthermore, a thin guide layer84of the same material as the guides12is formed on the metal film82in an intermediate portion of the guides12at an interval from the guides12. As with Embodiment 1, the mixture20containing metal particles22and polymers24is filled on the metal film82and the guide layer84on the inner side of the guides12. In this case, the metal particles22and the metal film82are preferably formed of the same type of metal or metal having a similar contact angle.

After that, as illustrated inFIG. 18(b), the mixture20is subjected to a heat treatment so that the metal particles22and the polymers24are phase-separated. In this case, the metal particles22agglomerate to the guides12to which the metal film82is exposed to form a pair of metal columns14, and the polymers24agglomerate in the range of the guide layer84between the metal columns14to form the polymer layer16. The metal film82exposed to the surface of the guides12and the metal film82under the polymer layer16are removed, whereby the metal columns14separated from each other can be formed. In this way, it is possible to form the metal columns14at a narrower interval and to further narrow the interval between the metal wirings formed from the metal columns14than when the metal column14is formed between the polymer layers16as illustrated inFIG. 17and Embodiment 7. The metal columns14may form wirings that extend in the vertical direction and may form wirings that extend in the horizontal direction.

As a modification of Embodiment 8, as illustrated inFIG. 19(a), a pair of metallic core portions86is provided on the surface of the substrate80, and a thin film88formed from silicon oxides or the like is formed so as to cover the surface of the substrate80and the surface of the core portions86. Here, the core portions86and the thin film88in the portions covering the core portions86form the guides12. As with Embodiment 1, the mixture20containing the metal particles22and the polymers24is filled on the thin film88on the inner side of the guides12.

After that, as illustrated inFIG. 19(b), the mixture20is subjected to a heat treatment so that the metal particles22and the polymers24are phase-separated. In this case, the polymers24agglomerate along the thin film88to form the polymer layer16between the guides12so as to cover the surface of the thin film88, and the metal particles22agglomerate to the central portion of the surface of the polymer layer16to form the metal column14. The thin film88on the upper portion of the core portions86is removed whereby the metallic core portions86and the metal column14can be formed. When the metallic core portions86and the metal column14are used as metallic wirings, it is possible to form metal wirings at a narrower interval than Embodiment 7 illustrated inFIG. 17. The metallic core portions86and the metal column17may form wirings extending in the vertical direction and may form wirings extending in the horizontal direction.

Embodiment 9 is an example illustrating a method of performing wiring in multiple layers at a time.FIGS. 20(a) and 20(b)are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for forming metal columns14according to Embodiment 9. As illustrated inFIG. 20(a), first, a plurality of guides12is provided on a surface of a thin planar support90as a lowermost layer so as to extend in a horizontal direction, and a mixture20containing metal particles22and polymers24is filled between the guides12as with Embodiment 1. Subsequently, another support90as the second layer from the bottom is stacked thereon, and similarly, a plurality of guides12is provided and the mixture20is filled. In this manner, a plurality of layers each including the support90, the guides12, and the mixture20are stacked. The support90is preferably formed of the same material as the guides12.

After that, as illustrated inFIG. 20(b), the mixture20is subjected to a heat treatment so that the metal particles22and the polymers23are phase-separated. In this case, the polymers24agglomerate to the support90and the guides12to form the polymer layer16, and the metal particles22agglomerate away from the support90and the guides12to form the metal column in the polymer layer16. The other configuration is the same as Embodiment 1, and the description thereof will be omitted. In this way, it is possible to form the metal columns14at a time in the respective layers in which the plurality of supports90are stacked. Due to this, by removing the polymer layer16, it is possible to form multilayer wirings.

As illustrated inFIGS. 20(a)and20(b), a hole92is formed between the respective guides12of the support90. In this way, it is possible to connect the metal columns14formed on the surface of the support90to the metal columns14formed on the lower support90and to electrically connect the layers between the respective supports90. The respective guides12are preferably provided on the surface of the support90so that the space between the respective guides12can be accessed from the lateral side of the support90and the formed polymer layer16can be removed.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention defined in the claims.

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