Electrical connector

An electrical connector having a socket for receiving a male contact, and an integral solder tail which projects into an opening in a circuit board and is soldered therein. The socket includes a pair of flexible opposed beam sections projecting axially from a cylindrical base and defining therebetween a contact area for receiving and engaging a male electrical contact. The flexible opposed beam sections have respective first portions converging from the base toward the contact area and respective second portions diverging from the contact area toward distal ends which define a target area for the male electrical contact. The distal ends define a circular target area for guiding a male electrical contact into the socket. The connector includes integral, locking tabs deformable angularly and in opposite directions relative to the central axis for engaging an insulator housing to help retain the socket in a housing while accommodating relative radial deflection of the socket and the solder tail.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to electrical connector structure, 
particularly to an electrical connector having a socket with opposed, 
resilient beams for receiving and engaging a male contact, and an integral 
solder tail adapted to be soldered to a printed circuit board into which 
the solder tail projects. It also relates to structure supporting the 
connector in an insulator housing. 
Broadly speaking, electrical connectors having sockets with opposed, 
resilient beams and integral solder tails are well known. They have taken 
many and varied forms, as shown, for example, by U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,467,944; 
3,663,931 and 3,824,557. Those patents show sockets with opposed, flat 
sided resilient beams forming rectangular target areas for guiding male 
contacts into engagement therewith. They also show different types of 
solder tails. 
Another type of electrical connector has also been manufactured by the 
assignee of the present invention. That connector has a socket with 
opposed beams defining an elliptical target area and a planar solder tail 
which is offset from the central axis of the socket. 
The present invention is directed to an improvement in an electrical 
connector with a socket having resilient, opposed beams and an integral 
solder tail. The connector of the invention is believed to provide 
substantial advantages over previous such electrical connectors. 
Specifically, known electrical connectors with resilient opposed beam-type 
sockets and integral solder tails have presented target areas for male 
contacts which are relatively small. Further, previous electrical 
connectors with resilient opposed beam-type sockets and integral solder 
tails have presented difficulties in terms of alignment with the male 
contact. This has been a particular problem when the connectors are 
grouped closely together in an insulator housing block and are designed to 
engage a plurality of closely grouped male contacts. During assembly of 
the solder tails with the printed circuit board the sockets can become 
skewed relative to their original axis, and relative to their intended 
alignment for receiving the male contacts. When a group of male contacts 
are to be inserted into the sockets, the skewed sockets may prevent the 
insertion of some of the male contacts into the sockets. This can prevent 
the efficient engagement of a group of male contacts with respective 
sockets. 
The invention is directed to a connector with a socket formed by resilient, 
opposed beams and an integral solder tail, and particularly to a connector 
which is constructed so as to minimize problems due to misalignment of the 
socket with a male contact, and without any sacrifice of the effectiveness 
of the electrical connector between the male contact and the socket. 
In a connector according to the invention the resilient, opposed beams of 
the socket are designed to provide a circular target area for receipt of 
the male contact. The invention provides a large circular target area 
which helps provide excellent mechanical and electrical contact 
performance. 
Further, in the connector of the invention, the socket is movable radially 
and axially relative to the solder tail in order to enable the socket to 
move and flex relative to the solder tail to compensate for misalignment 
of the socket with the male contact which is to be received by the socket. 
Still further, the connector of the present invention is constructed such 
that the socket not only mates with a misaligned male member, but also 
realigns with the solder tail upon removal of the male contact. Thus, the 
connector would be readily engageable with another male contact which is 
properly aligned with the socket. 
The capability of the socket to flex relative to the solder tail, and 
realign with the solder tail is due in part to specially formed locking 
tabs which retain the socket in the insulator housing. The locking tabs 
extend in opposite angular directions relative to the central axis of the 
connector. The tabs have a resilient engagement with the underside of the 
insulator housing and function not only to retain the socket contact in 
the insulator housing, but also to allow the socket to float somewhat in 
the housing to accommodate misalignment with a male contact. Further, they 
provide a force which tends to center the socket contact in the insulator. 
In the connector of the invention, radial flexibility of the socket 
relative to the solder tail is further enhanced by the fact that a 
relatively thin, flexible, integral interconnection, including the locking 
tabs, is provided between the socket and the solder tail. The socket and 
the solder tail, and a portion of flexible interconnection therebetween 
are generally coaxial, to minimize socket deformation during mating.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
As noted about, the present invention relates to an electrical connector 
with a socket and an integral solder tail. The connector is disclosed in 
FIG. 1 in a connector assembly 10. 
The connector assembly 10 includes an insulator housing 11 which supports a 
plurality of electrical connectors 12. The connectors 12 are disposed in 
respective passages 13 in the insulator housing 11. The passages 13 extend 
through the insulating housing to form entrance openings in one side 
surface 14 and exit openings in an opposite side surface 15. 
Each of connectors 12 includes a socket 16 disposed in the housing passage 
13. Each connector has an integral portion projecting through an exit 
opening of the housing 11 and forming a solder tail 17 outwardly of the 
housing. The solder tails 17 are received in respective holes 18 in a 
printed circuit board 19 and are soldered therein. 
The sockets 16 have entrance areas which open toward the entrance openings 
in side surface 14 of the insulator housing 11. As seen in FIG. 1, the 
connectors are normally closely grouped in the insulator housing 11. The 
male contacts which engage the sockets are normally also closely grouped 
in an identical pattern. The problem that exists with regard to providing 
proper connection between the male contacts and the sockets, both 
mechanically and electrically, is that the male contacts and the sockets 
may be initially misaligned as they move toward engagement with each 
other. The present invention is adapted to simplify and facilitate that 
engagement, both mechanically and electrically, even where such 
misalignment initially exists. 
As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the socket 16 is located in the passage 13 
in the insulator housing 11. The passage 13 has a longitudinal central 
axis 20. The passage 13 comprises an entrance opening 21 in surface 14, 
which has arcuate segments 21a and 21b and straight connecting segments 
21c and 21d. The passage 13 then tapers from the entrance opening 21 to a 
circular outer periphery of a seating ledge 28. The socket has an entrance 
or target opening 22 adjacent, and slightly inward of, the entrance 
opening 21 of the housing. 
The passage 13 extends axially through the housing 11 as defined above and 
also includes an exit opening 23 which extends from the seating ledge 28 
to the side surface 15. The connector extends through, and outward of, the 
exit opening 23. The exit opening 23 includes a relatively small central 
opening formed by circular segments 25, and diametrical opposite slots 26, 
27 (see FIG. 3) for a purpose which will be described hereinbelow. 
The circular segments 25 and slots 26, 27 extends from the seating ledge 28 
to the exit opening 23 in the housing. As shown in FIG. 2, a cylindrical 
base portion 29 of the socket is bottomed on the ledge 28 and is supported 
thereon when the connector is assembled in the insulator housing 11. 
The socket 16 of the connector is of the resilient, opposed-beam type. 
Specifically, the socket 16 includes the cylindrical base part or portion 
29 having a central axis which, in FIG. 2, is coincident with central axis 
20. The cylindrical base portion 29 has a slot 30 extending longitudinally 
therethrough and parallel to the central axis. 
Projecting axially from the cylindrical base portion 29 is a pair of 
integral beam portions 31, 32. The beam portions 31, 32 flex relative to 
the base portion 29 upon insertion of a male contact, and resiliently 
engage the contact to provide a mechanical and electrical connection. 
The beam portions include coaxial elliptical segments 31a and 32a which 
taper radially inwardly as they extend away from the cylindrical portion 
29. The segments 31a, 32a taper radially inwardly to a contact area 
designated 35 where electrical connection with the male contact occurs. 
The beam portions 31, 32 further include respective coaxial elliptical 
segments 31b, 32b which taper radially outwardly from the contact area 35. 
At their distal ends, the segments 31b, 32b have circular surfaces 31c, 
32c which taper radially outwardly at a greater rate than the segments 
31b, 32b, and define the entrance or target opening 22 of the socket 16. 
The beam portions 31, 32 are separated from each other and diametrically 
opposed to each other, from their respective connections with cylindrical 
base part 29 to their distal ends forming the target area 22. As a male 
contact is inserted between the beam portions 31, 32, the beam portions 
are deflected outwardly from the central axis of the socket, and are 
resiliently biased against the male contact to retain the male contact 
between the beam portions and establish electrical contact between the 
male contact and the beam portions. 
In the event that the diameter of the male contact which is inserted, or 
attempted to be inserted, between the beam portions is too large, the beam 
portions 31, 32 will interfere with the tapered wall of passage 13 and 
thereby resist insertion of the oversized male contact into the socket. 
As best shown in FIG. 4, the target area 22 formed at the distal end of the 
beam portions by the tapered surfaces 31c, 32c is circular. It has a 
diameter designated A in FIG. 4, and presents a relatively large entrance 
area for receipt of the male contact. Accordingly, substantial amount of 
misalignment of the male contact with the central axis of the socket can 
be accepted and still provide a physical and effective connection between 
the male contact and the socket. This is to be contrasted with a 
construction where the target area indicated by the diameter A in FIG. 4 
would be elliptical in shape as has been the case with a previous socket 
construction. 
The solder tail 17 is formed integrally with the socket 16. An integral 
portion of the connector, designated 40, interconnects the solder tail 17 
with the socket 16. 
The solder tail 17 is outward of the housing, and has a tapered distal end 
50 for facilitating insertion of the solder tail into an opening in the 
printed circuit board 18. The cross section of the solder tail 15 is 
generally V-shaped, as best shown in FIG. 5. This V-shaped configuration 
of the solder tail provides a substantial amount of rigidity to the solder 
tail. 
As best shown in FIG. 5, the opening 18 in the printed circuit board is 
larger than the cross section of the solder tail. The solder (shown at 52) 
completely encircles and surrounds the solder tail 17. This provides for 
significant surface contact area between the solder tail and the solder in 
order to provide a good electrical connection between the solder tail 17 
and the contact area of the printed circuit board 19. 
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the solder tail 17 is generally coaxial with 
the central axis of the socket 16. Specifically, the central axis of the 
solder tail corresponds with the central axis of the socket 16. That axis 
is shown at 53 in FIGS. 6, 7. As stated above, when the connector is 
disposed in a passage 13 in the housing, the central axis 53 of the 
connector is ideally coincident with the central axis 20 of passage 13. 
The portion 40 of the connector 12 which interconnects the socket 16 and 
the solder tail 17 is relatively thin, and includes a neck 60 and a pair 
of locking tabs 61 and 62. The neck 60 is planar and is parallel to the 
central axis 53 of the connector. Before being assembled in the housing, 
the locking tabs 61, 62 are planar and are disposed in a common plane with 
the neck 60 (FIGS. 6, 7). The lockng tabs 61, 62 are also on opposite 
sides of the central axis 53. The neck 60 and the locking tabs 61, 62 are 
formed integrally with the base portion 29 of the connector and are 
attached to the base portion by a radially extending projection or part 
63. 
When a connector 12 is assembled in a passage 13 in the housing, the neck 
60 extends through and out of the circular portion of the exit opening of 
the housing. The locking tabs 61, 62 extend through and out of the slots 
26, 27. After insertion, the portions of locking tabs 61, 62 outwardly of 
the slots are bent out of their common plane in opposite angular 
directions and toward the housing surface 15 at the exit end of the 
insulator 11. The locking tabs 61, 62 have a certain degree of resilience 
and are retained against the housing surface 15 at acute angles thereto 
(see FIG. 3A). The tabs, in effect, function not only to retain the 
connector 12 in the insulator housing 11, but also help provide the socket 
with a significant amount of alignment flexibility (radially and axially) 
in the passages 13 of the insulator. Thus, if a male contact to be 
assembled with the socket 16 is misaligned with the socket 16, the socket 
16 itself has a flexibility allowing it to move somewhat relative to the 
passages 13 to help it align with the male contact. 
The neck portion 60 is narrow, and is thin in cross section. Further, the 
locking tabs 61, 62 are bent in opposite angular directions out of their 
respective plane and extend in opposite angular relation to the central 
axis of the socket. These features, along with the remaining structure of 
the connecor, help to allow the socket to flex with minimum socket 
deformation during mating with a misaligned male contact. 
Further, upon removal of a male contact from the connector, the locking 
tabs 61, 62 will function to help realign the socket 16 in the passage 13. 
Additionally, if the solder tail 17 is soldered in the printed circuit 
board in a manner that results in the socket 16 being skewed relative to 
the axis of the passage 13, the socket can move or flex relative to the 
solder tail 17 to permit proper alignment and electrical connection of the 
male contact with the socket 16. 
As discussed above, the socket 16 can move radially relative to the solder 
tail portion 17 of the connector. This radial movement, of course, cannot 
occur without some amount of axial movement of the socket 16. The axial 
movement of the socket 16 is accommodated by the resilient locking tabs 
61, 62. Accordingly, the socket 16 can float somewhat in the sense that it 
is free to move or float relative to the insulator so as to effect a 
proper alignment of the female socket with the male contact which it is to 
receive. 
The larger circular target area and the floating capability of the 
connector of the invention is believed to make the connector capable of 
use in many types of electrical connector assemblies, because of its 
ability to establish good contact despite significant degrees of 
misalignment between the male contact, socket, and printed circuit board. 
The connector of the invention is preferably made of a single piece of 
strip material. The material is preferably a copper alloy base which is 
nickel/gold plated in the contact areas, and which has a copper 
underplating totally thereover. The connector is constructed by a stamping 
operation, particularly a progressive die stamping operation. The various 
operations are performed in a progressive way in order to effect the 
manufacture of the connector from a single strip of material. The specific 
progressive die stamping operation will not be disclosed herein, since it 
does not form a part of the present invention.