A system includes a control module, a network interface module, and a charging module. The control module stores a first set of charging parameters for charging a battery in a vehicle. The network interface module transmits the first set of charging parameters to a utility company and receives a reply from the utility company. The control module generates a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters. The charging module charges the battery of the vehicle based on the charge control signal.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to vehicles, and more particularly to systems and methods for charging batteries in vehicles.

BACKGROUND

Some vehicles are powered at least partially by electric motors. For example, purely electric vehicles rely solely on electric motors and batteries and do not include another propulsion source. Hybrid vehicles include a first propulsion source such as an engine or fuel cell and a second propulsion source such as an electric motor. Hybrid vehicles may operate using one or the other or both propulsion sources depending upon the configuration. In some vehicles, the engine is used solely to recharge the batteries and does not to produce drive power for the vehicle. In other vehicles, the engine may power the vehicle instead of or in addition to the electric motor. During operation, the vehicles deplete the electric charge that is stored in the batteries. Consequently, the batteries may need to be recharged periodically.

Referring now toFIG. 1, a vehicle10may comprise one or more vehicle control systems12that control the operation of the vehicle10. For example, the vehicle control systems12may include a powertrain controller, a transmission controller and/or other controllers (not shown). The controllers may communicate with each other and may receive inputs from one or more sensors. The controllers generate outputs that control one or more vehicle components such as engines, electric motors, transmissions and/or other vehicle systems (not shown). An electric motor13may be used to propel the vehicle as previously described above. The vehicle control systems12and the electric motor13may be powered by a battery14during operation.

A charging module16may recharge the battery14by drawing power from a supply outlet20. Specifically, the vehicle10may include a power receptacle (i.e., a plug)18to receive power from the supply outlet20via a cable and connector19. The supply outlet20may receive power from a utility company23via a power distribution line21. The supply outlet20may provide the power to the vehicle10. A power meter22may measure the amount of power received by the vehicle10from the supply outlet20to recharge the battery14.

The recharging time of the battery14may vary depending on many factors. The factors may include the type of the battery14, the amount of charge consumed by the vehicle10before recharging, the rate at which power is supplied by the supply outlet20, etc.

SUMMARY

A system comprises a control module, a network interface module, and a charging module. The control module stores a first set of charging parameters for charging a battery in a vehicle. The network interface module transmits the first set of charging parameters to a utility company and receives a reply from the utility company. The control module generates a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters. The charging module charges the battery of the vehicle based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is different than the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is the same as the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the first set of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and the reply includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the network interface module comprises one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the system further comprises a converter that communicates with the charging module and that converts power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, the system further comprises a charge monitoring module that monitors a charge level of the battery and that outputs the charge level to the control module, wherein the first set of charging parameters includes the charge level.

In another feature, the system further comprises a user interface module that communicates with the control module and that allows user entry of the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the system further comprises a user interface module that communicates with the control module and that allows user entry of a default set of charging parameters, wherein the first set of charging parameters is based on the default set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the network interface module receives a charge return request from the utility company, and the system further comprises a charge retrieval module that selectively returns charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return request.

In another feature, the system further comprises an inverter that inverts the charge.

In another feature, a vehicle comprises the system and further comprises an electric motor that drives the vehicle, wherein the battery provides power to the electric motor when the electric motor drives the vehicle.

In still other features, a method comprises storing a first set of charging parameters for charging a battery in a vehicle, transmitting the first set of charging parameters to a utility company, and receiving a reply from the utility company. The method further comprises generating a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters and charging the battery of the vehicle based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is different than the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is the same as the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the first set of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and the reply includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the method further comprises transmitting the first set of charging parameters and receiving the reply via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the method further comprises converting power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, the method further comprises monitoring a charge level of the battery and including the charge level in the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving the first set of charging parameters from a user of the vehicle.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving a default set of charging parameters from a user of the vehicle, wherein the first set of charging parameters is based on the default set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving a charge return request from the utility company and selectively returning charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return request.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving the charge return request via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the method further comprises inverting the charge.

In another feature, the method further comprises providing power from the battery to an electric motor and driving the vehicle using the electric motor.

In still other features, a system comprises control means for storing a first set of charging parameters for charging a battery in a vehicle and network interface means for transmitting the first set of charging parameters to a utility company and receiving a reply from the utility company. The control means generates a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters. The system further comprises charging means for charging the battery of the vehicle based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is different than the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is the same as the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the first set of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and wherein the reply includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the network interface means comprises one of wireline, wireless, and powerline carrier (PLC) interface means for transmitting and receiving data.

In another feature, the system further comprises converter means for converting power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, the system further comprises charge monitoring means for monitoring a charge level of the battery and communicating the charge level to the control means, wherein the first set of charging parameters includes the charge level.

In another feature, the system further comprises user interface means for inputting the first set of charging parameters, wherein the user interface means communicates with the control means.

In another feature, the system further comprises user interface means for inputting a default set of charging parameters, wherein the first set of charging parameters is based on the default set of charging parameters, and wherein the user interface means communicates with the control means.

In another feature, the network interface means receives a charge return request from the utility company, and the system further comprises charge retrieval means for selectively returning charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return request.

In another feature, the system further comprises inverter means for inverting the charge.

In another feature, a vehicle comprises the system and further comprises an electric motor that drives the vehicle, wherein the battery provides power to the electric motor when the electric motor drives the vehicle.

In still other features, a computer program executed by a processor comprises storing a first set of charging parameters for charging a battery in a vehicle, transmitting the first set of charging parameters to a utility company, and receiving a reply from the utility company. The computer program further comprises generating a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters and charging the battery of the vehicle based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is different than the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the reply includes a second set of charging parameters that is the same as the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the first set of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and the reply includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises transmitting the first set of charging parameters and receiving the reply via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises converting power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises monitoring a charge level of the battery and including the charge level in the first set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving the first set of charging parameters from a user of the vehicle.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving a default set of charging parameters from a user of the vehicle, wherein the first set of charging parameters is based on the default set of charging parameters.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving a charge return request from the utility company and selectively returning charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return request.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving the charge return request via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises inverting the charge.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises providing power from the battery to an electric motor and driving the vehicle using the electric motor.

In still other features, a system comprises a network interface module, a control module, and a charge retrieval module. The network interface module receives a charge return request from a utility company for returning charge from a battery in a vehicle to the utility company. The control module stores charge return parameters and generates a charge return control signal based on the charge return request and the charge return parameters. The charge retrieval module returns charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return control signal.

In another feature, when the charge return request is consistent with the charge return parameters, the control module and the charge retrieval module return the charge to the utility company.

In another feature, when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters, the control module and the network interface module decline the charge return request.

In another feature, when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters, the control module negotiates alternate charge return parameters.

In another feature, the charge return request includes a time to begin charge return.

In another feature, the system further comprises a user interface for allowing user entry to define the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the charge return parameters include default charge return parameters.

In another feature, the system further comprises a charge monitoring module that determines a charge level of the battery. The control module evaluates the charge return request based on the charge level of the battery. The charge retrieval module returns the charge from the battery when the charge level is above a predetermined minimum charge level.

In another feature, the network interface module comprises one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the system further comprises an inverter that communicates with the charge retrieval module and that inverts the charge.

In another feature, the control module stores a first set of charging parameters for charging the battery, and the network interface module transmits the first set of charging parameters to the utility company.

In another feature, when the network interface module receives a reply from the utility company, the control module generates a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters, and the system further comprises a charging module that receives power from the utility company and charges the battery based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the system further comprises a converter that communicates with the charging module and that converts the power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, a vehicle comprises the system and further comprises an electric motor that drives the vehicle, wherein the battery provides power to the electric motor when the electric motor drives the vehicle.

In still other features, a method comprises storing charge return parameters for returning charge from a battery in a vehicle to a utility company, receiving a charge return request from the utility company, and generating a charge return control signal based on the charge return request and the charge return parameters. The method further comprises returning charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return control signal.

In another feature, the method further comprises returning the charge to the utility company when the charge return request is consistent with the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the method further comprises declining the charge return request when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the method further comprises negotiating alternate charge return parameters when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the charge return request includes a time to begin charge return.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving input from a user of the vehicle and generating the charge return parameters based on the input.

In another feature, the charge return parameters include default charge return parameters.

In another feature, the method further comprises determining a charge level of the battery. The method further comprises evaluating the charge return request based on the charge level of the battery. The method further comprises returning the charge from the battery when the charge level is above a predetermined minimum charge level.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving the charge return request and negotiating the alternate charge return parameters via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the method further comprises inverting the charge.

In another feature, the method further comprises storing a first set of charging parameters for charging the battery and transmitting the first set of charging parameters to the utility company.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving a reply from the utility company, generating a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters, receiving power from the utility company, and charging the battery based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the method further comprises converting the power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, the method further comprises at least one of transmitting the first set of charging parameters and receiving the reply via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the method further comprises providing power from the battery to an electric motor and driving the vehicle using the electric motor.

In still other features, a system comprises network interface means for receiving a charge return request from a utility company for returning charge from a battery in a vehicle to the utility company. The system further comprises control means for storing charge return parameters and generating a charge return control signal based on the charge return request and the charge return parameters. The system further comprises charge retrieval means for returning charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return control signal.

In another feature, when the charge return request is consistent with the charge return parameters, the control means and the charge retrieval means return the charge to the utility company.

In another feature, when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters, the control means and the network interface means decline the charge return request.

In another feature, when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters, the control means negotiates alternate charge return parameters.

In another feature, the charge return request includes a time to begin charge return.

In another feature, the system further comprises user interface means for allowing user entry to define the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the charge return parameters include default charge return parameters.

In another feature, the system further comprises charge monitoring means for determining a charge level of the battery. The control means evaluates the charge return request based on the charge level of the battery. The charge retrieval means returns the charge from the battery when the charge level is above a predetermined minimum charge level.

In another feature, the network interface means comprises one of wireline, wireless, and powerline carrier (PLC) interface means for transmitting and receiving data.

In another feature, the system further comprises inverter means for inverting the charge.

In another feature, the control means stores a first set of charging parameters for charging the battery in the vehicle, and the network interface means transmits the first set of charging parameters to the utility company.

In another feature, when the network interface means receives a reply from the utility company, the control means generates a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters, and the system further comprises charging means for receiving power from the utility company and charging the battery based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the system further comprises converter means for converting the power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, a vehicle comprises the system and further comprises an electric motor that drives the vehicle, wherein the battery provides power to the electric motor when the electric motor drives the vehicle.

In still other features, a computer program executed by a processor comprises storing charge return parameters for returning charge from a battery in a vehicle to a utility company, receiving a charge return request from the utility company, and generating a charge return control signal based on the charge return request and the charge return parameters. The computer program further comprises returning charge from the battery to the utility company based on the charge return control signal.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises returning the charge to the utility company when the charge return request is consistent with the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises declining the charge return request when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises negotiating alternate charge return parameters when the charge return request is inconsistent with the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the charge return request includes a time to begin charge return.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving input from a user of the vehicle and generating the charge return parameters based on the input.

In another feature, the charge return parameters include default charge return parameters.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises determining a charge level of the battery. The computer program further comprises evaluating the charge return request based on the charge level of the battery. The computer program further comprises returning the charge from the battery when the charge level is above a predetermined minimum charge level.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving the charge return request and negotiating the alternate charge return parameters via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises inverting the charge.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises storing a first set of charging parameters for charging the battery and transmitting the first set of charging parameters to the utility company.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving a reply from the utility company, generating a charge control signal based on the reply and the first set of charging parameters, receiving power from the utility company, and charging the battery based on the charge control signal.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises converting the power from alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises at least one of transmitting the first set of charging parameters and receiving the reply via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises providing power from the battery to an electric motor and driving the vehicle using the electric motor.

In still other features, a system comprises a network interface module and a load management module. The network interface module receives N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. The load management module analyzes the N first sets of charging parameters, determines a schedule for charging the batteries of the N vehicles, and generates N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule. The network interface module transmits the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, one or more of the N replies specify charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include charge levels and requested charge completion times for the batteries of corresponding ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the load management module selectively retrieves charge from the batteries of selected ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the load management module identifies the selected ones of the N vehicles based on charge return parameters provided by the N vehicles.

In another feature, the load management module generates the schedule based on the charge levels and the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include requested charge completion times, and the load management module generates the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the load management module determines N recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the load management module negotiates at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include charge levels of the batteries in corresponding ones of the N vehicles, and the load management module selectively retrieves charge from the batteries based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the network interface module comprises one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In still other features, a method comprises receiving N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. The method further comprises analyzing the N first sets of charging parameters, determining a schedule for charging the batteries of the N vehicles, generating N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule, and transmitting the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, the method further comprises specifying in one or more of the N replies charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the method further comprises including in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters charge levels and requested charge completion times for the batteries in corresponding ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the method further comprises selectively retrieving charge from the batteries of selected ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the method further comprises identifying the selected ones of the N vehicles based on charge return parameters provided by the N vehicles.

In another feature, the method further comprises generating the schedule based on the charge levels and the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the method further comprises including requested charge completion times in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and generating the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the method further comprises determining N recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the method further comprises negotiating at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the method further comprises including charge levels of the batteries in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and selectively retrieving charge from the batteries based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving the N first sets of charging parameters, transmitting the N replies, and negotiating the at least one of the N replies via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In still other features, a system comprises network interface means for receiving N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. The system further comprises load management means for analyzing the N first sets of charging parameters, determining a schedule for charging the batteries of the N vehicles, and generating N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule. The network interface means transmits the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, one or more of the N replies specify charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include charge levels and requested charge completion times for the batteries of corresponding ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the load management means selectively retrieves charge from the batteries of selected ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the load management means identifies the selected ones of the N vehicles based on charge return parameters provided by the N vehicles.

In another feature, the load management means generates the schedule based on the charge levels and the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include requested charge completion times, and the load management means generates the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the load management means determines N recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the load management means negotiates at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include charge levels of the batteries of corresponding ones of the N vehicles, and the load management means selectively retrieves charge from the batteries based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the network interface means comprises one of wireline, wireless, and powerline carrier (PLC) interface means for transmitting and receiving data.

In still other features, a computer program executed by a processor comprises receiving N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. The computer program further comprises analyzing the N first sets of charging parameters, determining a schedule for charging the batteries of the N vehicles, generating N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule, and transmitting the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises specifying in one or more of the N replies charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises including in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters charge levels and requested charge completion times for the batteries in corresponding ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises selectively retrieving charge from the batteries of selected ones of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises identifying the selected ones of the N vehicles based on charge return parameters provided by the N vehicles.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises generating the schedule based on the charge levels and the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises including requested charge completion times in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and generating the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises determining N recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises negotiating at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises including charge levels of the batteries in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and selectively retrieving charge from the batteries based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving the N first sets of charging parameters, transmitting the N replies, and negotiating the at least one of the N replies via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In still other features, a system comprises a network interface module and a load management module. The network interface module receives N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. At least one of the N first sets of charging parameters for at least one of the N vehicles includes charge return parameters. The load management module selectively retrieves charge from the batteries of the at least one of the N vehicles based on the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the load management module analyzes the N first sets of charging parameters, determines a schedule for charging of the N vehicles, and generates N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule, respectively.

In another feature, the network interface module transmits the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, one or more of the N replies specify charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include charge levels of the batteries of corresponding ones of the N vehicles. The load management module generates the schedule based on the charge levels.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include requested charge completion times, and the load management module generates the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the load management module determines N recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the load management module negotiates at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes respective charge levels of the batteries, and the load management module selectively retrieves charge from the batteries based on the charge level.

In another feature, the network interface module comprises one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In still other features, a method comprises receiving N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. At least one of the N first sets of charging parameters for at least one of the N vehicles includes charge return parameters. The method further comprises selectively retrieving charge from the batteries of the at least one of the N vehicles based on the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the method further comprises analyzing the N first sets of charging parameters, determining a schedule for charging of the N vehicles, and generating N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule, respectively.

In another feature, the method further comprises transmitting the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, the method further comprises specifying in one or more of the N replies charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the method further comprises including charge levels of one or more of the batteries in corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters. The method further comprises generating the schedule based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the method further comprises including requested charge completion times in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and generating the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the method further comprises determining recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the method further comprises negotiating at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the method further comprises including charge levels of the batteries in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and selectively retrieving charge from the batteries based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the method further comprises receiving the N first sets of charging parameters, transmitting the N replies, and negotiating the at least one of the N replies via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In still other features, a system comprises network interface means for receiving N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. At least one of the N first sets of charging parameters for at least one of the N vehicles includes charge return parameters. The system further comprises load management means for selectively retrieving charge from the batteries of the at least one of the N vehicles based on the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the load management means analyzes the N first sets of charging parameters, determines a schedule for charging of the N vehicles, and generates N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule, respectively.

In another feature, the network interface means transmits the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, one or more of the N replies specify charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include charge levels of the batteries of corresponding ones of the N vehicles. The load management means generates the schedule based on the charge levels.

In another feature, one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters include requested charge completion times, and the load management means generates the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the load management means determines N recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the load management means negotiates at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes respective charge levels of the batteries, and the load management means selectively retrieves charge from the batteries based on the charge level.

In another feature, the network interface means comprises one of wireline, wireless, and powerline carrier (PLC) interface means for transmitting and receiving data.

In still other features, a computer program executed by a processor comprises receiving N first sets of charging parameters from N vehicles for charging batteries in the N vehicles, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. At least one of the N first sets of charging parameters for at least one of the N vehicles includes charge return parameters. The computer program further comprises selectively retrieving charge from the batteries of the at least one of the N vehicles based on the charge return parameters.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises analyzing the N first sets of charging parameters, determining a schedule for charging of the N vehicles, and generating N replies for the N vehicles based on the schedule, respectively.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises transmitting the N replies to the N vehicles, respectively.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises specifying in one or more of the N replies charging parameters that are different than corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters.

In another feature, at least one of the N first sets of charging parameters includes a first time to begin charging, and a corresponding one of the N replies includes a second time to begin charging that is different than the first time.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises including charge levels of one or more of the batteries in corresponding ones of the N first sets of charging parameters. The computer program further comprises generating the schedule based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises including requested charge completion times in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and generating the schedule based on the requested charge completion times.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises determining recharging payment amounts for the N vehicles based on the N first sets of charging parameters and the N replies, respectively.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises negotiating at least one of the N replies with a corresponding one of the N vehicles.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises including charge levels of the batteries in one or more of the N first sets of charging parameters and selectively retrieving charge from the batteries based on the charge levels.

In another feature, the computer program further comprises receiving the N first sets of charging parameters, transmitting the N replies, and negotiating the at least one of the N replies via one of a wireline interface, a wireless interface, and a powerline carrier (PLC) interface.

In still other features, the systems and methods described above are implemented by a computer program executed by one or more processors. The computer program can reside on a computer readable medium such as but not limited to memory, non-volatile data storage and/or other suitable tangible storage mediums.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now toFIG. 2, an increasing number of users of vehicles may attempt to simultaneously recharge batteries in vehicles as use of vehicles with rechargeable batteries and electric motors proliferates. For example, users at locations1,2, . . . , N may choose to recharge batteries in vehicles10-1,10-2, . . . ,10-N, respectively, where N is an integer greater than 1. Many people arrive home after work at about the same time such as between 5 pm and 7 pm. If a significant number of these people plug in their vehicles for recharging batteries at the same time, the demand for power may exceed the available supply. Furthermore, the utility may still experience relatively high demand from other users for other purposes until 9 pm or 10 pm and relatively low demand from approximately 11 pm until 6 am.

Additionally, some users may attempt to recharge batteries in two or more vehicles at the same time at a given location. Consequently, the demand for power to recharge batteries and the load on a power distribution system of the utility company23may significantly increase since the utility company23may have to simultaneously supply power to users at locations1,2, . . . , N.

According to the present disclosure, utility companies may employ a charge management system (CMS) to coordinate charging of batteries in vehicles at multiple locations. Additionally, utility companies may take back charge from selected ones of the batteries via the CMS to facilitate load management if needed. In other words, some users may plug in their vehicles at 6 pm and request recharging by 6 am. Batteries in these vehicles may have charge remaining (for example, 50%, 60% or higher charge remaining). If users of these vehicles do not need to have the batteries recharged immediately, the CMS may take charge from these batteries to facilitate charging of batteries in other vehicles and recharge these batteries later during periods of lower demand.

The vehicles may be equipped with a charge management module (CMM) that may communicate with utility companies via local area networks (LANs) or powerline carrier systems (PLCs). Users of the vehicles may generate default charging parameters for charging batteries on a daily basis and/or parameters for returning charge from the batteries. Additionally, users may create custom charging parameters when requesting charging at times other than default times. Collectively, these parameters may be called charging parameters.

The CMM may communicate the charging parameters to the utility companies via the CMS. In some circumstances, users may interact with utility companies to negotiate alternate charging parameters. Utility companies may supply power to the batteries and/or take back charge from the batteries according to the charging parameters generated by the users or the alternate charging parameters negotiated by the utility companies and the users.

Referring generally toFIGS. 3A-5B, the CMS may be implemented using wireless LANs as shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B, wireline LANs as shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B, and/or PLCs as shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B. The CMS may comprise user interface modules that users may use to generate the charging parameters and to interact with utility companies. The user interface modules may be arranged inside vehicles as shown inFIGS. 3A,4A, and5A or outside vehicles as shown inFIGS. 3B,4B, and5B.

In a CMS, users may use the user interface modules to generate default and/or custom charging parameters. The charging parameters may specify a time of the day to charge the batteries, a charge completion time, a priority at which the batteries may be charged, and an expected time when the vehicles will be used next. Additionally, the charging parameters may include costs the users may pay if batteries are charged at higher than normal priority, etc. For example in the default charging parameters, users may indicate that the utility company may choose the time to charge the batteries when the cost is lowest.

Occasionally, users may request utility companies to charge the batteries at times and frequencies other than the times and frequencies specified in the default charging parameters. For example, users may request charging more frequently on weekends than on weekdays. In that case, users may generate custom charging parameters and approve predetermined additional costs that the users may pay to automatically receive power from utility companies as requested. Alternatively, users and utility companies may create alternate charging parameters by interactively negotiating costs and/or alternate times for charging the batteries. For example, utility companies may offer discounts to users when the users are willing to accept receiving power at other times.

Additionally, users may indicate whether they agree to return the charge, the amount of charge the users may return, etc. For example, at the end of the day, users may wish to retain a minimum charge (e.g., 25%) in the batteries for emergency use and return the rest provided that the utility companies charge the batteries before the time of next use arrives. The utility companies may offer credit to users for returning the charge. The amount of credit may depend on the demand for power, and the ability of utility companies to supply power when the users wish to return the charge and the amount of charge actually returned.

When utility companies receive charging parameters from the CMM in vehicles via the CMS, the utility companies may analyze the charging parameters and assess the load on the power distribution systems. Utility companies may interact with users to determine alternate charging parameters if the utility companies cannot supply power as requested by the users. Accordingly, utility companies may supply power to users based on charging parameters generated by users or based on alternate charging parameters negotiated by interacting with the users. With this flexibility, the utility companies may be able to balance the load on the distribution systems.

InFIG. 3A, a CMS100-1is shown. A vehicle102-1is charged at a location such as a home or work location. The vehicle102-1includes the vehicle control systems12, the electric motor13, the battery14, a CMM104-1, and the power receptacle18. The vehicle102-1may or may not include an engine. The vehicle control systems12may control the operation of the vehicle102-1as previously described. During operation, the battery14may provide power to the electric motor13and/or the vehicle control systems12. The CMM104-1may communicate with the battery14and the power receptacle18and may manage the amount of charge in the battery14.

The location may include the supply outlet20that may receive power from the utility company23via the power distribution line21. The cable and connector19may connect the supply outlet20to the power receptacle18of the vehicle102-1. The vehicle102-1may draw power from the supply outlet20to charge the battery14or may return charge from the battery14to the utility company23via the supply outlet20. A power meter24-1may measure the amount of power exchanged between the utility company23and the vehicle102-1via the supply outlet20.

The CMM104-1charges the battery14using the power supplied by the utility company23to the supply outlet20. Additionally, the CMM104-1may return charge from the battery14to the utility company23via the supply outlet20. The CMM104-1includes a charge exchange module106, a user interface module108, a wireless network interface module110-1, and a control module112.

The charge exchange module106may monitor the amount of charge in the battery14, may communicate data regarding the amount of charge in the battery14to the control module112, and may exchange charge between the battery14and the power receptacle18. Specifically, the charge exchange module106charges the battery14using the power received from the utility company23via the supply outlet20and may return charge from the battery14to the utility company23via the supply outlet20.

The user interface module108may comprise a keypad, a display, a microphone, and/or a speaker (all not shown). A user of the vehicle102-1may use the user interface module108to set charging parameters for charging the battery14and for returning charge from the battery14. The wireless network interface module110-1may enable communication between the utility company23and the CMM104-1. The control module112may communicate with the charge exchange module106, the user interface module108, and the wireless network interface module110-1and may control the operation of the CMM104-1.

Specifically, the control module112may receive data relating to the amount of charge present in the battery14(i.e., a charge level of the battery14) from the charge exchange module106. Additionally, the control module112may receive data input by the user for charging the battery14and for returning charge from the battery14from the user interface module108. The CMM104-1may transmit the data received by the control module112to the utility company23via the wireless network interface module110-1. The data may be exchanged when the vehicle is plugged in and/or at other times.

The CMM104-1may communicate with the utility company23via a wireless LAN114-1operating at the location. The CMM104-1may communicate with the wireless LAN114-1via the wireless network interface module110-1, which may include an antenna110-2.

The wireless LAN114-1may include an access point116having an antenna116-1, a router118, and a broadband interface (BBI)120. The BBI120may include a modem and may communicate with a service provider122. The service provider122may provide a link between the wireless LAN114-1and a distributed communication system124such as the Internet. Thus, the CMM104-1in the vehicle102-1may communicate with the distributed communication system124via the wireless LAN114-1.

InFIG. 3B, a CMS100-2may include the user interface module108that is arranged outside a vehicle102-2. For example, the user interface module108may be arranged adjacent to the power meter24-1and/or the supply outlet20. The user interface module108may communicate with the wireless LAN114-1via a wireless network interface module110-3having an antenna110-4. The user interface module108and the wireless network interface module110-3may optionally be implemented by a single module. The wireless network interface module110-3may enable the user interface module108to communicate with the utility company23. Additionally, the wireless network interface module110-3may enable the user interface module108to communicate with a CMM104-2in the vehicle102-2via the user LAN114-1. Otherwise, the CMS100-2ofFIG. 3Bmay be substantially similar to the CMS100-1ofFIG. 3A.

InFIG. 4A, a CMS100-3is shown. A vehicle102-3may include a CMM104-3that includes the user interface module108and a wireline network interface module111-1. The wireline network interface module111-1may enable the CMM104-3to communicate with the utility company23via a wireline LAN114-2. The wireline LAN114-2may comprise a router119and the BBI120. Otherwise, the CMS100-3ofFIG. 4Amay be substantially similar to the CMS100-1ofFIG. 3A.

InFIG. 4B, a CMS1004may include the user interface module108that is arranged outside a vehicle102-4. For example, the user interface module108may be arranged adjacent to a power meter24-2and/or the supply outlet20. The user interface module108may communicate with the wireline LAN114-2via a wireline network interface module111-2. The user interface module108and the wireline network interface module111-2may optionally be implemented by a single module. The wireline network interface module111-2may enable the user interface module108to communicate with the utility company23. Additionally, the wireline network interface module111-2may enable the user interface module108to communicate with a CMM104-4in the vehicle102-4via the user LAN114-2. Otherwise, the CMS100-4ofFIG. 4Bmay be substantially similar to the CMS100-3ofFIG. 4A.

Hereinafter, the vehicles102-1,102-2,102-3, and102-4may be collectively referred to as vehicle102; the CMMs104-1,104-2,104-3, and104-4may be collectively referred to as CMM104; and the wireless and wireline LANs114-1,114-2may be collectively referred to as LAN114. Additionally, the wireless network interface modules110-1,110-3and the wireline network interface modules111-1,111-2may be collectively referred to as network interface module110.

The utility company23may receive the charging parameters generated by the user and may respond to requests for charging the battery14. The utility company23may transmit a reply to the user indicating whether power can be supplied as requested. The utility company may propose alternate charging parameters. Additionally, the utility company23may determine from the charging parameters if the user may return charge from the battery14.

Referring now toFIGS. 3A-4B, the utility company23may communicate with the CMM104in the vehicle102via a LAN130. The LAN130may include at least one computer134with a load management module (LMM)134-1. Additionally, the LAN130may comprise a database134-2and a communication module134-3, which may include a network interface136and a BBI138. The network interface136may be a wireless and/or a wireline LAN interface and may communicate via the BBI138with a service provider132. The service provider132may provide a link between the LAN130and the distributed communication system124. Thus, the utility company23may communicate with the CMM104in the vehicle102and/or the user of the vehicle102via the LAN130, the distributed communication system124, and the LAN114. While a single computer134is shown, multiple computers may be used.

Additionally, the utility company23may communicate with CMMs and/or users of other vehicles at other locations. The communication module134-3may receive charging parameters from CMMs and/or users of multiple vehicles. The LMM134-1may analyze the load on the distribution system based on the requested charging parameters from multiple customers. The LMM134-1may determine a schedule for charging batteries in multiple vehicles. The LMM134-1may generate alternate charging parameters and generate replies to be transmitted to multiple users. The communication module134-3may communicate the replies including alternate charging parameters to the CMMs and/or users. The computer134may store the charging parameters and/or the alternate charging parameters in the database134-2. Additionally, the computer134may identify users that may return the charge and store the information in the database134-2.

InFIG. 5A, a CMS100-5may utilize PLCs instead of LANs to enable communication between the utility company23, a vehicle102-5, and a user of the vehicle102-5. Specifically, the vehicle102-5may comprise a CMM104-5that includes the user interface module108and a PLC transceiver module113-1. The CMM104-5may communicate with the utility company23via the PLC transceiver module113-1. Additionally, the user of the vehicle102-5may use the user interface module108to communicate with the utility company23via the PLC transceiver module113-1.

Specifically, the PLC transceiver module113-1may transmit and receive data to and from the utility company23via the supply outlet20. That is, the PLC transceiver module113-1may transmit and receive data through the same power distribution line21that distributes power from the utility company23to the supply outlet20. PLC transceivers selectively superimpose a high frequency signal at zero crossings of the power line carrier to represent data. Presence or absence of the high frequency signal may be used to represent binary data. The CMM104-5may transmit data collected by the control module112from the user interface module108and the charge exchange module106to the utility company23via the PLC transceiver module113-1.

The computer134located at the utility company23may comprise the LMM134-1. The LMM134-1may receive and transmit data via a PLC transceiver module23-2that communicates with the power distribution line21. The LMM134-1may receive the charging parameters transmitted by the CMM104-5and/or the user. The LMM134-1may transmit alternate charging parameters to the supply outlet20. The computer134may store the charging parameters and/or the alternate charging parameters in the database134-2.

The PLC transceiver module113-1may receive the data transmitted by the LMM134-1and may provide the data to the control module112. The control module112may, in turn, provide the data to the charge exchange module106. Additionally, the control module112may provide the data to the user via the user interface module108. Otherwise, the CMS100-5ofFIG. 5Amay be substantially similar to the CMS100-1ofFIG. 3A.

InFIG. 5B, a CMS100-6may include the user interface module108that is located outside a vehicle102-6. For example, the user interface module108may be located adjacent to a power meter24-3and/or the supply outlet20. The user interface module108may communicate with a PLC transceiver module113-2. The user interface module108and the PLC transceiver module113-2may be implemented by a single module. The PLC transceiver module113-2may enable the user interface module108to communicate with the utility company23. Additionally, the PLC transceiver module113-2may enable the user interface module108to communicate with a CMM104-6in the vehicle102-6via the supply outlet20. Otherwise, the CMS100-6ofFIG. 5Bmay be substantially similar to the CMS100-5ofFIG. 5A.

Referring generally toFIGS. 6A-6C, power meters24-1,24-2, and24-3(collectively24) are shown inFIGS. 3A-3B,4A-4B, and5A-5B, respectively. The power meters24may comprise a power measuring module25that measures power supplied to the supply outlet20by the utility company23and the power returned to the utility company23from the battery14via the supply outlet20. The power measuring module25may generate data indicating the amount of power exchanged between the utility company23and the supply outlet20. Additionally, the power meters24may be equipped with communication interfaces that enable the power meters24to communicate the data to the utility company23.

InFIG. 6A, the power meter24-1may comprise a wireless network interface module110-5having an antenna110-6. The power meter24-1may communicate with the wireless LAN114-1using the wireless network interface module110-5. Thus, the power meter24-1may communicate with the utility company23via the wireless LAN114-1. InFIG. 6B, the power meter24-2may comprise a wireline network interface module111-3. The power meter24-2may communicate with the wireline LAN114-2using the wireline network interface module111-3. Thus, the power meter24-2may communicate with the utility company23via the wireline LAN114-2. InFIG. 6C, the power meter24-3may comprise a PLC transceiver module113-3. The power meter24-3may communicate with the utility company23via the PLC transceiver module113-3.

Hereinafter, the vehicles102-1,102-2,102-3,102-4,102-5, and102-6may be collectively referred to as vehicle102. The CMMs104-1,104-2,104-3,104-4,104-5, and104-6may be collectively referred to as CMM104. Additionally, the CMSs100-1,100-2,100-3,100-4,100-5, and100-6may be collectively referred to as CMS100.

More specifically, the CMS100may manage the charging of the battery14and/or returning of charge from the battery14as follows. The user may use the user interface module108to generate charging parameters comprising the time at which the battery14may be charged, etc. For example, the user may request a full charge daily between 9 pm and 6 am. Accordingly, the user may input charging parameters that include the daily charging times using the user interface module108. The charging parameters may be stored in the CMM104. When the user plugs the vehicle102into the supply outlet20at the end of the day, the CMM104may transmit the charging parameters to the utility company23. The utility company23may charge the battery14between 9 pm and 6 am without interacting with the user.

Depending on the number of users simultaneously requesting charge and depending on the load on the distribution system, the utility company23may supply power in a staggered manner to multiple users requesting charging between 9 pm and 6 am. For example, the utility company23may schedule charging as follows. The utility company23may supply power to a first set of users from 9 pm to 10 pm, to a second set of users from 10 pm to 11 pm, etc. Subsequently, the utility company23may supply power to the first set of users from 3 am to 4 am, etc. Eventually, users requesting charge by 6 am may receive the requested charge by 6 am. Thus, the utility company23may control charging times, etc. of the batteries in multiple vehicles without loading the power distribution system.

Occasionally, the user may use the user interface module108to interact with the utility company23and input requests for charging the battery14at times other than the default times. For example, the user may input a request for charging at 5 pm on a given day. Depending on the load on the distribution system, the utility company23may inform the user if the utility company23can supply power to the user at the requested time. If not, the utility company23may respond with an alternate schedule depending on the request received from the user. For example, the utility company23may inform the user of any extra cost the user may incur if the utility company23supplies power at the requested time or a discount the user may receive if the user accepts power at a different time. Thus, the alternate charging parameters may include alternate charging times, additional costs, discounts, etc.

The user may include in the schedule a pre-approval for a predetermined amount of additional cost that the user may pay if the utility company supplies power as requested. In that case, the utility company23may receive an automatic approval for the extra cost from the CMM104. Alternatively, the user may respond interactively. That is, the user may accept, decline, or negotiate the additional cost and/or alternate charging times suggested by the utility company23by interacting with the utility company23using the user interface module108. Alternatively, standard rates at various times may be predetermined.

Occasionally, the user may inform the utility company23via the charging parameters that the utility company23may take back charge from the battery14. The user may indicate that a minimum charge level (e.g., 25%) that must be left in the battery14. The minimum charge may also be called a safe level of charge. The utility company23may take back the charge if the load on the distribution system is high and if the utility company23needs extra power to fulfill demand. The utility company23may take back any extra charge (e.g., charge in excess of 25%) from the battery14and credit the user for returning the charge.

The control module112in the CMM104may control the charging of the battery14and returning of the charge from the battery14based on the charging parameters and/or the alternate charging parameters. Specifically, the control module112may receive data from the charge exchange module106regarding the amount of charge in the battery14. Additionally, the control module112may receive charging parameters input by the user and/or alternate charging parameters transmitted by the utility company23. The control module112may provide the charging parameters to the charge exchange module106.

Referring now toFIG. 7, the charge exchange module106may comprise a charge monitoring module150, a charging module152, and a charge retrieval module154. The charge monitoring module150may monitor the amount of charge present in the battery14. For example, the charge monitoring module150may inform the control module112when the amount of charge in the battery14is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold and that the battery may need to be recharged. The charge monitoring module150may monitor the amount of charge in the battery14when the battery14is being charged and may inform the control module112when the charging is completed. Additionally, the charge monitoring module150may monitor the amount of charge in the battery14when the charge in the battery14is being returned to the utility company23. The charge monitoring module150may inform the control module112when the charge in the battery14is less than or equal to the safe level.

The control module112may generate a charge control signal based on the charging parameters based on which the charging module152may charge the battery14. Specifically, when the battery14is being charged, the charge monitoring module150may activate a converter156and the charging module152based on the charging parameters received from the control module112. For example, the charge monitoring module150may activate the converter156and the charging module152when the time for charging the battery14has arrived. The converter156may receive input power from the power receptacle18. The converter156may convert the input power to a direct current (DC) voltage. The charging module152may generate an output that is suitable to charge the battery14.

The charge monitoring module150may inform the control module112when the battery14is charged to a predetermined level (e.g., full charge) that may be indicated in the charging parameters. Subsequently, the charge monitoring module150may stop charging the battery14by deactivating the converter156and the charging module152. The power meter24may measure the amount of power received from the utility company23during the charging operation. The power meter24may communicate data regarding the amount of charge supplied to the battery14to the utility company23.

On the other hand, when the utility company23takes back the charge from the battery14, the utility company23may transmit a charge return request for taking the charge back from the battery14to the CMM104. Upon receiving the charge return request, the control module112may determine if the vehicle102is plugged into the supply outlet20. If the vehicle102is plugged into the supply outlet20, the control module112may generate a charge return control signal and transmit the charge return control signal to the utility company23indicating that the vehicle102is ready to return charge.

Subsequently, based on the charge return control signal, the charge monitoring module150may activate the charge retrieval module154and an inverter158based on the charging parameters received from the control module112. The charge retrieval module154may retrieve charge from the battery14and generate a DC voltage. The inverter158may convert the DC voltage into an AC voltage depending on the type of power supplied by the utility company23to the supply outlet20. The inverter158may output the power to the power receptacle18that is connected to the supply outlet20. Thus, the charge from the battery14may be returned to the utility company23via the supply outlet20.

Based on the charging parameters, the charge monitoring module150may inform the control module112when the battery14has returned a predetermined amount of charge and/or when the charge remaining in the battery14is at or below the safe level indicated in the charging parameters. Subsequently, the charge monitoring module150may deactivate the charge retrieval module154and the inverter158.

The power meter24may measure the amount of charge returned to the utility company23. The power meter24may communicate data regarding the amount of charge retrieved from the battery14and returned to the utility company23. The utility company23may credit the account of the user depending on the amount and the time when the user returned the charge. For example, the utility company23may give more credit for the charge returned when the demand for charging batteries is high than when the demand is low.

Referring generally toFIGS. 8A-9B, methods for supplying power to vehicles, taking back charge from vehicles, charging batteries in vehicles, and returning charge from batteries to utility companies are shown. InFIG. 8A, a method200for supplying power to charge the battery14in the vehicle102may begin at step202. In step204, the utility company23may receive charging parameters from the CMM104and/or the user of the vehicle102. In step206, the LMM134-1may analyze the charging parameters and determine the load on the distribution system.

In step207, the LMM134-1may determine whether the user demands charge at normal priority. If true, the LMM134-1may determine in step208whether the utility company23can supply power at normal priority. If false, the LMM134-1may transmit alternate charging parameters to the user in step210. In step211, the LMM134-1may determine whether the CMM104automatically approved the alternate charging parameters.

On the other hand, if the result of step207is false, the LMM134-1may determine in step214whether the utility company23can supply power at the higher priority. If false, the method200may perform steps beginning at step208. Otherwise, the LMM134-1may transmit alternate charging parameters including additional cost to the user in step216. The LMM134-1may determine in step218whether the CMM104automatically approved the additional cost.

If the result of step211or218is false, the user may interactively negotiate alternate charging parameters with the utility company in step212. At the end of step212, or if the result of step208,211, or218is true, the method may perform step220. In step220, the LMM134-1may wait until time to supply power arrives. In step222, the LMM134-1may supply power to the battery14according to either the charging parameters received from the CMM104and/or the user or the alternate charging parameters. In step223, the LMM134-1may determine whether charging parameters are received from other users. If true, the method200may perform steps beginning at step206. If false, the method200may end in step224.

Referring now toFIG. 8B, a method250for taking charge back from the battery14in the vehicle102may begin at step252. The LMM134-1may determine in step254whether the utility company23needs charge to fulfill demand. If false, the method250may wait. Otherwise, the LMM134-1may analyze the charging parameters stored in the database134-2in step256and identify users who may return charge. The LMM134-1may transmit a request to take back charge from the battery14in step258and determine based on the response received whether the vehicle102is plugged into the supply outlet20. If true, the utility company23may begin taking the charge back in step262.

In step264, the utility company23may continue to take the charge back from the battery14until the charge remaining in the battery14is less than or equal to the safe level. When the charge remaining in the battery14is less than or equal to the safe level, the utility company23may stop taking back charge from the battery in step266. The utility company23may credit the user in step268for the charge returned. In step270, the LMM134-1may determine whether the utility company23still needs more charge to fulfill demand. If false, the method250may end in step272. Otherwise, the LMM134-1may determine in step274whether any other user is willing to return charge. If true, the method250may perform steps beginning at step258. If false, the method250may end in step272.

Referring now toFIG. 9A, a method300for charging a battery14in the vehicle102may begin at step302. The user may plug the vehicle102into the supply outlet20in step303. The CMM104may determine in step304whether the battery14needs to be charged. If false, the method300may wait. If true, the user may determine if the battery needs to be charged at the normal or higher priority in step305. If normal, the CMM104may transmit charging parameters to the utility company23in step306. Otherwise, the user may interactively transmit charging parameters to the utility company in step307.

In step308, the CMM104may receive alternate charging parameters from the utility company23. The CMM104may determine whether to automatically accept the alternate charging parameters in step310. If false, the user may interactively negotiate alternate charging parameters with the utility company23in step314. At the end of step314or if the result of step310is true, the method300may perform step316. In step316, the control module112may determine whether the time to charge the battery14has arrived. If false, the method300may wait. Otherwise, the charge exchange module106may receive the charge from the supply outlet20and may charge the battery14in step320. The method300may end in step322.

Referring now toFIG. 9B, a method350for returning charge from the battery14in the vehicle102to the utility company23may begin at step352. The user may plug the vehicle102into the supply outlet20in step303. The CMM104may determine in step354whether a request to return charge is received from the utility company23. If false, the method350may wait. Otherwise, the control module112may transmit a control signal to the utility company23indicating that the CMM104is ready to return charge, and the charge exchange module106may begin returning charge from the battery14to the utility company23in step356.

In step358, the charge monitoring module150may determine whether the charge remaining in the battery14is less than or equal to the safe level. If false, the method350may repeat steps356and358. Otherwise, the charge exchange module106may stop returning charge from the battery14to the utility company23in step360. The method350may end in step362.

Referring now toFIG. 10, a method400for exchanging charge between the battery14and the supply outlet20begins in step402. Based on the charging parameters, the charge monitoring module150may determine if time to charge the battery14has arrived in step408. If true, the charge monitoring module150may activate the converter156and the charging module152in step410. The converter156may receive AC power from the supply outlet20, convert the AC power to DC power, and the charging module152may charge the battery14in step412.

Based on the charging parameters, the charge monitoring module150may determine in step414if charging of the battery14is complete. That is, the charge monitoring module150may determine in step414if the battery14received the amount of charge specified in the charging parameters. If false, the method400may repeat steps412and414. Otherwise, the charge monitoring module150may inform the control module112that the charging is complete and may deactivate the converter156and the charging module152in step416. The method400may end in step418.

If, however, the result of step408is false, the charge monitoring module150may determine in step420if time to return the charge from the battery14has arrived. If true, the charge monitoring module150may activate the charge retrieval module154and the inverter158in step422. The charge retrieval module154may retrieve the charge from the battery14, the inverter158may convert the DC power output by the charge retrieval module154to AC power, and may output the AC power to the supply outlet20in step424.

Based on the charging parameters, the charge monitoring module150may determine in step426if returning the charge from the battery14is complete. That is, the charge monitoring module150may determine in step426if the amount of charge specified in the charging parameters (e.g., charge in excess of the safe level) is returned from the battery14. If false, the method400may repeat steps424and426. Otherwise, the charge monitoring module150may inform the control module112that the returning of the charge is complete and may deactivate the charge retrieval module154and the inverter158in step428. The method400may end in step418.