HIV integrase inhibitors

The disclosure generally relates to the novel compounds of formula I, including their salts, which inhibit HIV integrase and prevent viral integration into human DNA. This action makes the compounds useful for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating those infected with HIV.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The disclosure generally relates to the novel compounds of formula I, including their salts, which inhibit HIV integrase and prevent viral integration into human DNA. This action makes the compounds useful for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating those infected with HIV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as the etiological agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a fatal disease characterized by destruction of the immune system and the inability to fight off life threatening opportunistic infections. Recent statistics (UNAIDS: Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, December 1998), indicate that as many as 33 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. In addition to the large number of individuals already infected, the virus continues to spread. Estimates from 1998 point to close to 6 million new infections in that year alone. In the same year there were approximately 2.5 million deaths associated with HIV and AIDS.

There are currently a number of antiviral drugs available to combat the infection. These drugs can be divided into four classes based on the viral protein they target and their mode of action. In particular, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir atazanavir darunavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, lopinavir and tipranavir are competitive inhibitors of the aspartyl protease expressed by HIV. Zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, emtricitibine, tenofovir and abacavir are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that behave as substrate mimics to halt viral cDNA synthesis. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz and etravirine inhibit the synthesis of viral cDNA via a non-competitive (or uncompetitive) mechanism. Enfuvirtide and maraviroc inhibit the entry of the virus into the host cell. Used alone these drugs are effective in reducing viral replication. There are also peptidomimetic protease inhibitors including saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, darunavir, atazanavir, and tipranavir, and integrase inhibitors such as raltegravir. The effect is only temporary as the virus readily develops resistance to all known agents. However, combination therapy has proven very effective at both reducing virus and suppressing the emergence of resistance in a number of patients. In the US, where combination therapy is widely available, the number of HIV-related deaths has declined (Palella, F. J.; Delany, K. M.; Moorman, A. C.; Loveless, M. O.; Further, J.; Satten, G. A.; Aschman, D. J.; Holmberg, S. D.N. Engl. J. Med.1998, 338, 853-860).

Unfortunately, not all patients are responsive and a large number fail this therapy. In fact, approximately 30-50% of patients ultimately fail combination therapy. Treatment failure in most cases is caused by the emergence of viral resistance. Viral resistance in turn is caused by the rapid turnover of HIV-1 during the course of infection combined with a high viral mutation rate. Under these circumstances incomplete viral suppression caused by insufficient drug potency, poor compliance to the complicated drug regiment as well as intrinsic pharmacological barriers to exposure provides fertile ground for resistance to emerge. More disturbing are recent findings which suggest that low-level replication continues even when viral plasma levels have dropped below detectable levels (<50 copies/ml) (Carpenter, C. C.; Cooper, D. A.; Fischl, M. A.; Gatell, J. M.; Gazzard, B. G.; Hammer, S. M.; Hirsch, M. S.; Jacobsen, D. M.; Katzenstein, D. A.; Montaner, J. S.; Richman, D. D.; Saag, M. S.; Schechter, M.; Schooley, R. T.; Thompson, M. A.; Vella, S.; Yeni, P. G.; Volberding, P. A.JAMA2000, 283, 381-390). Clearly, there is a need for new antiviral agents, preferably targeting other viral enzymes to reduce the rate of resistance and suppress viral replication even further.

HIV expresses three enzymes, reverse transcriptase, an aspartyl protease, and integrase. All three are targets for treating AIDS and HIV infection. HIV integrase is a component of the pre-integration complex of the virus that is assembled in the cell shortly after infection (Chiu, T. K.; Davies, D. R.Curr. Top. Med. Chem.2004, 4, 965-977). This enzyme catalyzes the integration of proviral DNA into the host genome and is absolutely required for viral infectivity. Early experiments showed that mutating the active site of integrase within a proviral clone produces virus unable to replicate due to its inability to insert into the host chromosome (Englund, G.; Theodore, T. S.; Freed, E. O.; Engleman, A.; Martin, M. A.J. Virol.1995, 69, 3216-3219). Selective HIV integrase inhibitors have been shown to possess effective anti-HIV activity in cell culture (Hazuda, D. J.; Felock, P.; Witmer, M.; Wolfe, A; Stillmock, K.; Grobler, J. A.; Espeseth, A.; Gabryelski, L.; Schleif, W.; Blau, C.; Miller, M. D.Science,2000, 287, 646-650), and it is clear that this class of inhibitors is very effective as part of a combination regimen containing HIV inhibitors of different classes. An HIV integrase inhibitor, raltegravir (Isentress®), has been approved for use in treatment experienced patients based upon 48 week trial results (Cooper, D. A.; Gatell, J.; Rockstroh, J.; Katlama, C.; Yeni, P.; Lazzarin, A.; Xu, X.; Isaacs, R.; Teppler, H.; Nguyen, B. Y. 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, Mass., Feb. 3-6, 2008 Abst. 105LB: Evering, T. H.; Markowitz, M.Drugs Today,2007, 43, 865-877). In addition, a second integrase inhibitor, elvitegravir (GS-9137), completed a successful Phase II trial in combination with ritonavir boosting in naive and treatment experienced patients (Zolopa, A. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angeles, Calif. Feb. 25-28, 2007 Abst. 143LB). Thus, HIV-1 integrase is a promising target for novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.

HIV integrase inhibitors have been disclosed. See, for example, PCT patent application publications WO05/061501 and WO2010/088167.

The invention provides technical advantages, for example, the compounds are novel and inhibit HIV integrase. Additionally, the compounds provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example, with regard to one or more of their mechanism of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, or bioavailability.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention encompasses compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in inhibiting HIV integrase and treating those infected with HIV or AIDS.

One aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I according to the following structure

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R1is hydrogen or fluoro; R2is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, or methyl; and R3is hydrogen, fluoro, or bromo.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R1is fluoro, R2is methyl, and R3is hydrogen or where R1is hydrogen, R2is fluoro, and R3is chloro.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R4is COCONMe2.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of formula I where R6is hydroxymethyl.

For a compound of Formula I, the scope of any instance of a variable substituent, including R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, Ar1, Ar2, and Ar3, can be used independently with the scope of any other instance of a variable substituent. As such, the invention includes combinations of the different aspects.

Unless specified otherwise, these terms have the following meanings. “Halo” means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. “Alkyl” means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 1 to 6 carbons. “Alkenyl” means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 2 to 6 carbons with at least one double bond. “Cycloalkyl” means a monocyclic ring system composed of 3 to 7 carbons. “Hydroxyalkyl,” “alkoxy” and other terms with a substituted alkyl moiety include straight and branched isomers composed of 1 to 6 carbon atoms for the alkyl moiety. “Halo” includes all halogenated isomers from monohalo substituted to perhalo substituted in substituents defined with halo, for example, “Haloalkyl” and “haloalkoxy”, “halophenyl”, “halophenoxy.” “Aryl” means a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a bicyclic fused ring system wherein one or both of the rings is a phenyl group. Bicyclic fused ring systems consist of a phenyl group fused to a four- to six-membered aromatic or non-aromatic carbocyclic ring. Representative examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, phenyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl. “Heteroaryl” means a 5 to 7 membered monocyclic or 8 to 11 membered bicyclic aromatic ring system with 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Parenthetic and multiparenthetic terms are intended to clarify bonding relationships to those skilled in the art. For example, a term such as ((R)alkyl) means an alkyl substituent further substituted with the substituent R. Substituents which are illustrated by chemical drawing to bond at variable positions on a multiple ring system (for example a bicyclic ring system) are intended to bond to the ring where they are drawn to append. For example, substituents R1and R2of formula IV are intended to bond to the benzene ring of formula IV and not to the thiophene ring.

The invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those in which the counter ions do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. These salts can be made according to common organic techniques employing commercially available reagents. Some anionic salt forms include acetate, acistrate, besylate, bromide, chloride, citrate, fumarate, glucouronate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, iodide, lactate, maleate, mesylate, nitrate, pamoate, phosphate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate, and xinofoate. Some cationic salt forms include ammonium, aluminum, benzathine, bismuth, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diethanolamine, lithium, magnesium, meglumine, 4-phenylcyclohexylamine, piperazine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc.

Some of the compounds of the invention exist in stereoisomeric forms. The invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds including enantiomers and diastereromers. Methods of making and separating stereoisomers are known in the art. The invention includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds. An example of a tautomeric pair is shown below.

The invention is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include deuterium and tritium. Isotopes of carbon include13C and14C. Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent otherwise employed. Such compounds may have a variety of potential uses, for example as standards and reagents in determining biological activity. In the case of stable isotopes, such compounds may have the potential to favorably modify biological, pharmacological, or pharmacokinetic properties.

Synthetic Methods

The compounds may be made by methods known in the art including those described below and including variations within the skill of the art. Some reagents and intermediates are known in the art. Other reagents and intermediates can be made by methods known in the art using readily available materials. The variables (e.g. numbered “R” substituents) used to describe the synthesis of the compounds are intended only to illustrate how to make the compounds and are not to be confused with variables used in the claims or in other sections of the specification. The following methods are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Abbreviations used in the schemes generally follow conventions used in the art. Chemical abbreviations used in the specification and examples are defined as follows: “NaHMDS” for sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; “DMF” for N,N-dimethylformamide; “MeOH” for methanol; “NBS” for N-bromosuccinimide; “Ar” for aryl; “TFA” for trifluoroacetic acid; “LAH” for lithium aluminum hydride; “BOC”, “DMSO” for dimethylsulfoxide; “h” for hours; “rt” for room temperature or retention time (context will dictate); “min” for minutes; “EtOAc” for ethyl acetate; “THF” for tetrahydrofuran; “EDTA” for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; “Et2O” for diethyl ether; “DMAP” for 4-dimethylaminopyridine; “DCE” for 1,2-dichloroethane; “ACN” for acetonitrile; “DME” for 1,2-dimethoxyethane; “HOBt” for 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; “DIEA” for diisopropylethylamine, “Nf” for CF3(CF2)3SO2—; and “TMOF” for trimethylorthoformate.

Biological Methods

Radiolabeled integrase inhibitor, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl)-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide, was used as a known reference ligand to determine the binding constants towards the integrase enzyme of the compounds described in this invention using a method similar to that described in; Dicker et al.J. Biological Chem.2007, 282, 31186-31196; Dicker et al.J. Biol. Chem.2008, 283, 23599-23609 and Dicker et al.Biochemistry2008, 47, 13481-13488. N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl)-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide is a known active-site binding inhibitor as it can be competed off the. Kd values for [3H]N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl)-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide were determined from fitting data to a saturation binding curve using Graphpad Prism, V4.01. The Ki measurement toward integrase was made by measuring the inhibition of binding of [3H]N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl)-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide to enzyme-SPA bead complexes in the presence of serial dilutions of the test compounds. The Ki value was determined from the [3H]N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-1,1-dioxido-2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl)-4-pyrimidinecarboxamide Kd and the inhibition binding curve using Graphpad Prism, V4.03. Results are shown in the Table 1.

Inhibition of HIV Replication.

A recombinant NL-Rluc virus was constructed in which a section of the nef gene from NL4-3 was replaced with the Renilla Luciferase gene. The NL-RLuc virus was prepared by co-transfection of two plasmids, pNLRLuc and pVSVenv. The pNLRLuc contains the NL-Rluc DNA cloned into pUC18 at the PvuII site, while the pVSVenv contains the gene for VSV G protein linked to an LTR promoter. Transfections were performed at a 1:3 ratio of pNLRLuc to pVSVenv on 293T cells using the LipofectAMINE PLUS kit from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.) according to manufactures instruction, and the pseudotype virus generated was titered in MT-2 cells.

Susceptibility of viruses to compounds was determined by incubation in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) was calculated by using the exponential form of the median effect equation where (Fa)=1/[1+(ED50/drug conc.)m] (Johnson V A, Byington R T. Infectivity Assay. InTechniques in HIV Research. ed. Aldovini A, Walker B D. 71-76. New York: Stockton Press. 1990). The anti-viral activity of compounds was evaluated under three serum conditions, 10% FBS, 15 mg/ml human serum albumin/10% FBS or 40% human serum/5% FBS, and the results from at least 2 experiments were used to calculate the EC50values. Results are shown in the Table 2. Activity equal to A refers to a compound having IC50=<10 nM while B and C denote compounds having IC50=<10 nM and IC50<100 nM and IC50>100 nM respectively.

Pharmaceutical Composition and Methods of Use

The compounds of this invention inhibit HIV integrase. HIV integrase inhibitors belonging to a class of diketo acid compounds prevented viral integration and inhibited HIV-1 replication in cells (Hazuda et al.Science2000, 287, 646). Recently reltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA for treating AIDS and HIV infection.

Accordingly, another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of formula I in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of AIDS or HIV infection.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from the group consisting of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCRS inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV protease inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the HIV protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and fosamprenavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV fusion inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV attachment inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CCRS inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CCRS inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Sch-C, Sch-D, TAK-220, PRO-140, and UK-427,857, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CXCR4 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-3100, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV budding or maturation inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the budding or maturation inhibitor is PA-457, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV integrase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from the group consisting of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCRS inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the nucleoside HIV transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV protease inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the HIV protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and fosamprenavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV fusion inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition method wherein the HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV attachment inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a CCRS inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the CCRS inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Sch-C, Sch-D, TAK-220, PRO-140, and UK-427,857, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CXCR4 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-3100 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV budding or maturation inhibitor.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the budding or maturation inhibitor is PA-457, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is an HIV integrase inhibitor.

“Combination,” “coadministration,” “concurrent,” and similar terms referring to the administration of a compound of Formula I with at least one anti-HIV agent mean that the components are part of a combination antiretroviral therapy or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

“Therapeutically effective” means the amount of agent required to provide a meaningful patient benefit as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection. In general, the goals of treatment are suppression of viral load, restoration and preservation of immunologic function, improved quality of life, and reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality.

“Patient” means a person infected with the HIV virus and suitable for therapy as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

“Treatment,” “therapy,” “regimen,” “HIV infection,” “ARC,” “AIDS” and related terms are used as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

The compounds of this invention are generally given as pharmaceutical compositions comprised of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and may contain conventional excipients. A therapeutically effective amount is that which is needed to provide a meaningful patient benefit. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those conventionally known carriers having acceptable safety profiles. Compositions encompass all common solid and liquid forms including capsules, tablets, losenges, and powders as well as liquid suspensions, syrups, elixers, and solutions. Compositions are made using common formulation techniques, and conventional excipients (such as binding and wetting agents) and vehicles (such as water and alcohols) are generally used for compositions. See, for example,Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,17th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1985).

Solid compositions are normally formulated in dosage units and compositions providing from about 1 to 1000 mg of the active ingredient per dose are preferred. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 0.25-1000 mg/unit.

Liquid compositions are usually in dosage unit ranges. Generally, the liquid composition will be in a unit dosage range of 1-100 mg/mL. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 1-100 mg/mL.

The invention encompasses all conventional modes of administration; oral and parenteral methods are preferred. Generally, the dosing regimen will be similar to other antiretroviral agents used clinically. Typically, the daily dose will be 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily. Generally, more compound is required orally and less parenterally. The specific dosing regime, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.

The invention also encompasses methods where the compound is given in combination therapy. That is, the compound can be used in conjunction with, but separately from, other agents useful in treating AIDS and HIV infection. Some of these agents include HIV attachment inhibitors, CCRS inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV cell fusion inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, budding and maturation inhibitors, immunomodulators, and anti-infectives. In these combination methods, the compound of Formula I will generally be given in a daily dose of 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily in conjunction with other agents. The other agents generally will be given in the amounts used therapeutically.

The specific dosing regime, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement. A partial list of such agents is shown in the table below.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Abbreviations used in the schemes generally follow conventions used in the art. Chemical abbreviations used in the specification and Examples are defined as follows: “NaHMDS” for sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; “DMF” for N,N-dimethylformamide; “MeOH” for methanol; “NBS” for N-bromosuccinimide; “Ar” for aryl; “TFA” for trifluoroacetic acid; “LAH” for lithium aluminum hydride; “BOC”, “DMSO” for dimethylsulfoxide; “h” for hours; “rt” for room temperature or retention time (context will dictate); “min” for minutes; “EtOAc” for ethyl acetate; “THF” for tetrahydrofuran; “EDTA” for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; “Et2O” for diethyl ether; “DMAP” for 4-dimethylaminopyridine; “DCE” for 1,2-dichloroethane; “ACN” for acetonitrile; “DME” for 1,2-dimethoxyethane; “HOBt” for 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; “DIEA” for diisopropylethylamine, “Nf” for CF3(CF2)3SO2—; and “TMOF” for trimethylorthoformate.

Abbreviations as used herein, are defined as follows: “1×” for once, “2×” for twice, “3×” for thrice, “° C.” for degrees Celsius, “eq” for equivalent or equivalents, “g” for gram or grams, “mg” for milligram or milligrams, “L” for liter or liters, “mL” for milliliter or milliliters, “μL” for microliter or microliters, “N” for normal, “M” for molar, “mmol” for millimole or millimoles, “min” for minute or minutes, “h” for hour or hours, “rt” for room temperature, “RT” for retention time, “atm” for atmosphere, “psi” for pounds per square inch, “conc.” for concentrate, “sat” or “sat'd” for saturated, “MW” for molecular weight, “mp” for melting point, “ee” for enantiomeric excess, “MS” or “Mass Spec” for mass spectrometry, “ESI” for electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, “HR” for high resolution, “HRMS” for high resolution mass spectrometry, “LCMS” for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, “HPLC” for high pressure liquid chromatography, “RP HPLC” for reverse phase HPLC, “TLC” or “tlc” for thin layer chromatography, “NMR” for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, “1H” for proton, “δ” for delta, “s” for singlet, “d” for doublet, “t” for triplet, “q” for quartet, “m” for multiplet, “br” for broad, “Hz” for hertz, and “α”, “β”, “R”, “S”, “E”, and “Z” are stereochemical designations familiar to one skilled in the art.

When mentioned, the HPLC conditions specified as System A or System B consist of the following:

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Abbreviations used in the schemes generally follow conventions used in the art. Chemical abbreviations used in the specification and Examples are defined as follows: “NaHMDS” for sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; “DMF” for N,N-dimethylformamide; “MeOH” for methanol; “NBS” for N-bromosuccinimide; “Ar” for aryl; “TFA” for trifluoroacetic acid; “LAH” for lithium aluminum hydride; “BOC”, “DMSO” for dimethylsulfoxide; “h” for hours; “rt” for room temperature or retention time (context will dictate); “min” for minutes; “EtOAc” for ethyl acetate; “THF” for tetrahydrofuran; “EDTA” for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; “Et2O” for diethyl ether; “DMAP” for 4-dimethylaminopyridine; “DCE” for 1,2-dichloroethane; “ACN” for acetonitrile; “DME” for 1,2-dimethoxyethane; “HOBt” for 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; “DIEA” for diisopropylethylamine, “Nf” for CF3(CF2)3SO2—; and “TMOF” for trimethylorthoformate.

Abbreviations as used herein, are defined as follows: “1×” for once, “2×” for twice, “3×” for thrice, “° C.” for degrees Celsius, “eq” for equivalent or equivalents, “g” for gram or grams, “mg” for milligram or milligrams, “L” for liter or liters, “mL” for milliliter or milliliters, “μL” for microliter or microliters, “N” for normal, “M” for molar, “mmol” for millimole or millimoles, “min” for minute or minutes, “h” for hour or hours, “rt” for room temperature, “RT” for retention time, “atm” for atmosphere, “psi” for pounds per square inch, “conc.” for concentrate, “sat” or “sat'd” for saturated, “MW” for molecular weight, “mp” for melting point, “ee” for enantiomeric excess, “MS” or “Mass Spec” for mass spectrometry, “ESI” for electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, “HR” for high resolution, “HRMS” for high resolution mass spectrometry, “LCMS” for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, “HPLC” for high pressure liquid chromatography, “RP HPLC” for reverse phase HPLC, “TLC” or “tlc” for thin layer chromatography, “NMR” for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, “1H” for proton, “δ” for delta, “s” for singlet, “d” for doublet, “t” for triplet, “q” for quartet, “m” for multiplet, “br” for broad, “Hz” for hertz, and “α”, “β”, “R”, “S”, “E”, and “Z” are stereochemical designations familiar to one skilled in the art.

When mentioned, the HPLC conditions specified as System A or System B consist of the following:

The title compound was prepared from diethyl malonate and ethyl acrylate using a procedure similar to that described inJ. Org. Chem.,2007, 72, 7455. A solution of diethyl malonate (64 g, 400 mmol), and ethyl acrylate (88 g, 879 mmol) in THF (300 mL) in a 2 L 3-neck round bottom flask, equipped with a thermometer, a mechanical stirrer, a N2inlet, and a condenser was cooled in a cold water bath (˜10° C.). 500 mL of a 1M THF solution of potassium tert-butoxide measured out for addition to the reaction. The reaction was initiated by very slowly introducing 2-5 mL of this solution to the reaction mixture (exothermic reaction) in order to maintain an internal temperature below 35° C. After the initial vigorous reaction subsided, the remainder of the solution was added drop-wise without a cooling bath over 1.5 h. During this period, the internal temp. remained between 20-28° C. The resulting cloudy amber solution was stirred at room temp. under N2for 2.5 h, by which time a mass of precipitate had formed. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and sat'd NH4Cl (200 mL), and then neutralized by the addition of 3N HCl (170 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (135.2 g, 400 mmol, 100% yield) as an amber oil. HPLC: retention time=3.00 min (AP 81% at λ, =220 nm). LCMS: m/z 315 (M+H).1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.22 (6H, t, J=7.2 Hz, 12,15-CH3), 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz, 9-CH3), 2.17 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz, 5-CH2), 2.34 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz, 6-CH2), 2.76 (2H, s, 3-CH2), 4.12-4.23 (6H, m, 8,11,14-OCH2), 12.2 (1H, s, 1-OH).13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 14.1 (12,15-CH3), 14.3 (9-CH3), 26.1 (6-CH2), 26.7 (5-CH2), 27.9 (3-CH2), 53.0 (4-C), 60.6 (8-OCH2), 61.6 (11,14-OCH2), 95.3 (2-C═), 170.2 (1-OC═), 170.8 (10,13-OC═O), 172.0 (7-OC═O).

A 3-neck 1-L round bottom flask was equipped with a thermometer, dropping funnel and nitrogen inlet. Under an atmosphere of N2, a solution of 1M lithium aluminum hydride in THF (900 mL, 900 mmol) was added and cooled using a dry ice/acetone bath. To this was added drop-wise a solution of diethyl 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-8,8-dicarboxylate, Intermediate 3, (128.7 g, 450 mmol) in THF (75 mL) over a period of 1 h while maintaining the internal temperature at 10-15° C. The mixture was left in the cooling bath and allowed to regain room temperature while stirring overnight. The mixture was then cooled to −5° C. and quenched by the slow addition of water (40 mL) under vigorous stirring over 1.5 hours being careful to maintain the internal temperature below 30° C. To this was added drop-wise 15% NaOH (40 mL) and water (40 mL). The resulting precipitate was filtered over Celite, and washed with THF (300 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness to provide the title compound (63.3 g) as a white solid. Further extraction of the white cake with 10% MeOH/CH2Cl2(2×500 mL) gave an additional amount (15.6 g) of the title compound. This constitutes total combined yield of 78.9 g (0.39 mol, Y. 87%). LCMS: m/z 203 (M+H), 225 (M+Na).1HNMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ ppm 1.49-1.55 (4H, m, 3,5-CH2), 1.59-1.66 (4H, m, 2,6-CH2), 3.49 (4H, s, 9,10-OCH2), 3.94 (4H, s, 7,8-OCH2).13C NMR (126 MHz, CD3OD) δ ppm 26.7 (3,5-CH2), 30.3 (2,6-CH2), 38.3 (4-C), 64.2 (7,8-OCH2), 65.4 (9,10-OCH2), 109.2 (1-OCO).

An alternative route to diethyl 4-oxocyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate, Intermediate 2, is described in the following:

(Kutsuma, T., Sugasawa, S.,Tetrahedron,3, 175 (1958).) To 100 mL of a pre-mixed solution of 10% (v/v) pyridine and acetic anhydride was added 4,4-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)heptanedioic acid (23.6 g, 78 mmol), and the resulting mixture heated at reflux in a pre-heated oil bath. The reaction was stirred for 3 hrs then cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was azeotroped twice with CH2Cl2, then dissolved in 95% EtOH (300 mL) and water (300 mL) and treated with solid potassium carbonate (12.9 g, 93.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 16 hrs. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove EtOH, and the remaining water layer was diluted to re-dissolve the solids, then extracted with Et2O (2×150 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure, to afford the title compound (11.82 g, 48.8 mmol, 62.9% yield), as an amber oil. HPLC: 2.00 min (AP 74%);1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 4.24 (4H, q, J=7.12 Hz), 2.44 (4H, t, J=6.56 Hz), 2.37 (4H, t, J=6.41 Hz), 1.27 (6H, t, J=7.17 Hz).

To a solution of (4-amino-4-cyanocyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(methylene)bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate), Intermediate 9, (430.9 g, 826 mmol) in CH2Cl2(800 ml) was added a solution of sodium carbonate, monohydrate (102 g, 826 mmol) in ice water (800 mL). To this stirred heterogeneous mixture was added drop-wise CBZ-Cl (124 ml, 826 mmol) over 30 min, and the mixture stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 2 hrs. The reaction formed a large, non-stirrable mass. A mechanical stirrer was fitted to the reaction vessel, but was unable to fully disperse the solids. The reaction was diluted with additional CH2Cl2(500 mL), without noticeable improvement. The reaction was diluted with THF (1000 mL), resulting in slow dissolution of the solids to form a biphasic reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred overnight. The mixture was then diluted with water (500 mL) and stirred for 10 min. The organic layer was separated, then washed with brine, and concentrated to dryness to obtain 550 g (˜826 mmol, ˜100% yield) of the title compound as a clear viscous oil. HPLC (System A): 76.3% AP, rt=3.41 min. LC/MS (System B): 627.2 (M+H).

To a solution of (4-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4-cyanocyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(methylene)bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate) Intermediate 10, (150 g, 239 mmol) in THF (300 ml) was added 50% aq. hydroxylamine (44 ml, 718 mmol) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 5 h. It was allowed to cool and then concentrated to give crude product. The product was crystallized from EtOH/H2O as white solid (150 g, 95% yield).

A solution of (4-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(methylene)bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate), Intermediate 11, (55 g, 83 mmol) in THF (200 ml) was treated with diethyl but-2-ynedioate (14.7 ml, 92 mmol) at room temperature (Note: mildly exothermic), and heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was allowed to cool and then concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was crystallized from Et2O/EtOH to provide a white solid (53 g, 77%).

A solution of diethyl 2-(1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4,4-bis-(tosyloxymethyl)-cyclohexane-carboximidamidooxy)but-2-enedioate, Intermediate 12, (51.62 g, 62.2 mmol) was partially dissolved in dichloromethane (100 ml). Added to this was xylene (1600 ml) and the mixture was stirred until fully dissolved. The solution was then heated to an internal temperature of 115° C. for 24 hr. The yellow solution was cooled to ambient temperature, and then concentrated to give 57.5 g (73.4 mmol, 118% yield) of the title compound as an amber oil. HPLC (System A): 3.27 min. LC/MS (System C): 784.4 (M+H).

To a solution of ethyl 2-(1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4,4-bis(tosyloxymethyl)cyclohexyl)-5-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate, Intermediate 13, (88 g, 112 mmol) in pyridine (500 ml) was added benzoic anhydride (27.1 g, 118 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room temp for 20 hrs. The mixture was concentrated to dryness by rotary evaporator, and the residue, dissolved in EtOAc (700 mL), was washed with 1.0 N HCl, sat'd aq. NaHCO3, and then with brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated to afford the crude product as an amber gummy solid after azeotroping with Et2O. The reaction was purified by passing through a silica gel pad in a large sintered glass funnel, loading with minimal CH2Cl2, and eluting with 30%-60% EtOAc in hexanes (2000 mL each step, 10% steps). Product containing fractions were pooled and concentrated, to afford 44.32 g (49.9 mmol, 44.6% yield) of the title compound as a pale yellow oil. HPLC (System A): 3.69 min.

Alternative procedure for the synthesis of 4,6,7,8,9,10-Hexahydro-3-hydroxy-7-[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]methyl]-4-oxo-10-[[phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-, 7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, Intermediate 15:

A solution of diethyl 2-(1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4,4-bis(tosyloxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboximidamidooxy)but-2-enedioate, Intermediate 12, (100 g, 120 mmol, 1 equiv) in toluene (3 L) was refluxed for 94 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to provide the intermediate pyrolysis product (99 g) as a yellow foam. To a solution of the intermediate pyrimidone (67.5 g, 86 mmol, 1 equiv) in toluene (1435 mL) was added tetramethyl guanidine (21.6 mL, 172 mmol, 2 equiv). The reaction was refluxed for 1.5 h. The dark brown solution was then removed from heat and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (700 mL) and 1 N HCl (700 mL). The EtOAc layer was separated and washed with brine (500 mL), dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product as a tan foam. The crude product was recrystallized from MeCN (90 mL). After sitting in the refrigerator overnight, the white solid was filtered, washing with cold MeCN (2×15 mL) to provide the title compound as a white solid (19.7 g, 37%).

To a suspension of 7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepine-2-carboxamide, N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-3-hydroxy-10-(methylamino)-7-[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]methyl]-4-oxo-. Intermediate 20, (1.38 g, 2.418 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 ml) at 0° C. was added diisopropylethylamine (3.38 ml, 19.34 mmol) followed by methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate (0.892 ml, 9.68 mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCl, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to give the title compound as a brown residue. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C34H36FN4O12S: 743.20. found: 743.3.

A solution of ethanedioic acid, 2-[[[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-10-[(2-methoxy-1,2-dioxoethyl)methylamino]-7-[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]methyl]-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-3-yl methyl ester, Intermediate 21, (1.783 g, 2.4 mmol) and dimethylamine/MeOH (24.00 ml, 48.0 mmol, 20 eq) was stirred at 50° C. in a sealed pressure tube. After 18 h, the solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by Prep HPLC to give the title compound (0.5043 g, 0.753 mmol, 31.4% yield) as an off white solid. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C32H37FN5O8S: 670.23. found: 670.4.

To a solution of crude ethyl 8-fluoro-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carboxylate, Intermediate 30, (16.26 g, 70 mmol calculated based on previous reaction, 1 equiv) in THF (100 mL) was added LiBH4(45.5 mL of a 2 M solution in THF, 91 mmol, 1.3 equiv) followed by MeOH (3.68 mL, 91 mmol, 1.3 equiv). Significant warming was observed following MeOH addition. The reaction was stirred 30 min at which time TLC showed no ester remaining. The reaction was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3and the aqueous solution was extracted with ether (×3). The combined ether layers were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (30-90% ethyl acetate/hexane) to provide the title compound (7.50 g, 56% yield for 2 steps) as a pale yellow oil.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 3.90-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.64 (d, J=6.78 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (d, J=6.78 Hz, 1H), 1.97-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.80 (m, 4H);19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm −171.25 (br. s., 1F).

A flask was charged with 4-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanone, derived from Intermediate 31, (12.1 g, 83 mmol), methanol (200 mL), aqueous ammonium hydroxide (32.2 mL, 828 mmol) and then NH4Cl (8.86 g, 166 mmol). After the ammonium chloride had dissolved, NaCN (8.11 g, 166 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred under nitrogen overnight. The mixture was then concentrated. Brine (100 mL) was added to the resulting residue. The slurry was extracted with chloroform/isopropanol (200 mL, 10%, 7 times) and the combined organic fractions dried (MgSO4) and evaporated giving the title compound (12.2 g, 70.8 mmol, 86% yield)] as a creamy white solid.

A flask was charged with 1-amino-4-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile, Intermediate 32, (12.2 g, 70.8 mmol), CH2Cl2(200 mL), water (80 mL) and benzyl chlorocarbonate (12.14 mL, 85 mmol) and the mixture stirred under nitrogen overnight. The CH2Cl2portion of the reaction mixture was separated, washed with water then brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give a yellow oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, eluted with hexane/ethyl acetate (0 to 100%). The appropriate fractions were combined and the solvent evaporated to provide the title compound (13.1 g, 42.8 mmol, 60.4% yield)] as a colorless oil that crystallized upon standing.

A flask was charged with benzyl 1-cyano-4-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylcarbamate, Intermediate 33, (13.0 g, 42.4 mmol), EtOH (100 mL) and aqueous hydroxylamine (26.0 mL, 424 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 80° C. under nitrogen for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the resulting residue diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and the solvent evaporated to provide a colorless oil. The oil was dissolved in EtOH (100 mL) to which diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (13.54 mL, 85 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred under nitrogen for one hour. The solution was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2then purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate (0 to 100%). The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to give the title compound (13.01 g, 25.5 mmol, 60.2% yield)] as a light yellow syrup.

A flask was charged with diethyl 2-(1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-carboximidamidooxy)but-2-enedioate, Intermediate 34, (10.1 g, 19.82 mmol) and xylene (200 mL) and the and the resulting mixture stirred at 125° C. under nitrogen overnight. The mixture was allowed to cool room temperature, diluted with ether and extracted with 0.2 N NaOH (300 mL). The aqueous fraction was washed with ethyl acetate (3×200 mL), acidified to pH 2 with 1N HCl and extracted with CH2Cl2(2×200 mL). The combined CH2Cl2fractions were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to provide the title compound (4.10 g, 8.85 mmol, 44.6% yield)] as a creamy yellow powder.

A flask was charged with ethyl 2-(1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-4-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)-5-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate, Intermediate 35, (1.00 g, 2.16 mmol), polystyrene-bound triphenylphosphine (CAS number: 39319-11-4) 3 mmol/g (1.44 g, 4.32 mmol) and THF (20 mL). Diethyl-diazo-dicarboxylate (0.68 mL, 4.32 mmol) was added dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 60 minutes, the reaction was stirred at 60° C. under nitrogen overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered. The filtrate was washed with 1N HCl, then brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to provide a golden yellow solid. The solid was dissolved in methanol to form a precipitate which was isolated by filtration and washed with minimal amount of methanol to yield the title compound (0.485 g, 1.089 mmol, 50.5% yield) as creamy white needles, 406 mg.

A flask was charged with 10% Pd/C (0.22 g, 0.207 mmol), carbamic acid, N-[7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-, phenylmethyl ester, Intermediate 39, (2.19 g, 3.61 mmol), MeOH (25 mL), and a hydrogen balloon. The reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction was mixed with celite, filtered on celite, the solids washed with methanol and the filtrate evaporated to provide an off-white solid. The solid was triturated in methanol and filtered giving the target compound (1.66 g, 3.51 mmol, 97% yield) as an off-white solid. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z: 473.3.

To a solution of ethanediamide, N2-[2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-7-formyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 43 (41 mg, 0.078 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (1.33 mL) was added methylmagnesium bromide (0.083 mL of a 1.4 M solution in 3:1 toluene:THF, 0.117 mmol, 1.5 equiv). White precipitate observed. After stirring 2 h, more methylmagnesium bromide (0.30 mL of a 1.4 M solution in 3:1 toluene:THF, 5 equiv) was added. After stirring 10 min, LCMS of the reaction showed consumption of the starting aldehyde. The reaction was poured into 1 N HCl and extracted with CH2Cl2(×3). Combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product (52 mg) as a yellow viscous oil. The crude product was carried on as is. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 544.5.

To a slurry of ethanediamide, N2-[2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-7-formyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 43 (106 mg, 0.201 mmol, 1 equiv) in MeOH (0.40 mL) was added glyoxal (0.158 g of a 40% aqueous solution, 0.301 mmol, 1.5 equiv) followed by NH4OH (0.279 mL, 2.01 mmol, 10 equiv). Solution became homogenous upon addition of NH4OH. The reaction was then stirred 20 h at which time LCMS showed ˜85% conversion to product. The dark brown solution was then poured into water and extracted with CH2Cl2(×3).). The combined CH2Cl2layers were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product as a brown solid (38 mg). LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 566.1.

Procedure adapted fromEur. J. Org. Chem.2004, 3789-3791. A solution of ethanediamide, N2-[7-ethynyl-2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 46, (30 mg, 0.057 mmol, 1 equiv), CuI (1.1 mg, 0.006 mmol, 0.1 equiv), and trimethylsilylazide (0.030 mL, 0.229 mmol, 4 equiv) in DMF (0.21 mL) and MeOH (0.02 mL) was heated to 100° C. (oil bath) for 1.5 h. The reaction was removed from the heating bath and poured into a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3. The aqueous solution was extracted with CH2Cl2(×3). The combined CH2Cl2layers were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product as a green blue film (34 mg) which was carried on directly to demethylation reaction. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 567.1.

To a solution of carbamic acid, [2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-7-[[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]methyl]-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-, phenylmethyl ester, Intermediate 37, (94 mg, 0.133 mmol, 1 equiv) in DMSO (1.33 mL) was added tetramethylammonium chloride (292 mg, 2.67 mmol, 20 equiv). The reaction was then heated to 80° C. (oil bath). After 4 d, LCMS of the reaction showed ˜85% conversion to the chloride product. The reaction was removed from the heating bath and diluted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with 1 N HCl and brine (×2). The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product (82 mg) as a yellow viscous oil. The crude product was carried on as is. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 569.4.

To a solution of carbamic acid, N-[7-(chloromethyl)-2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-, phenylmethyl ester, Intermediate 53, (82 mg, 0.144 mmol, 1 equiv) in EtOH (2.88 mL) was added 10% Pd/C (31 mg, 0.029 mmol, 0.2 equiv). The reaction was then put under a balloon of hydrogen. After stirring 20 h, the reaction was filtered through celite eluting with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product (62 mg) as a pale yellow solid. The crude product was carried on as is. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 435.3.

A flask was charged with 7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepine-7(6H)-carbonyl azide, 10-[[2-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dioxoethyl]amino]-2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-4,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-, Intermediate 55 (314 mg, 0.552 mmol, 1 equiv) and CH2Cl2(6 mL). The reaction was refluxed under nitrogen for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo giving the title compound as a thick yellow syrup. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 541.4.

A flask was charged with ethanediamide, N2-[2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-7-isocyanato-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 56, (314 mg, 0.552 mmol, 1 equiv), THF (2 mL) and 1 N HCl (5.52 mL, 5.52 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo giving a thick yellow syrup. The syrup was dissolved in CH2Cl2, ether was added and the mixture was filtered giving the title compound as an HCl salt (153 mg, 0.297 mmol, 54% yield for three steps) as a creamy white powder. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z 515.4.

A flask was charged with ethanediamide, N2-[7-amino-2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 57 (30 mg, 0.058 mmol), TEA (0.024 mL, 0.175 mmol), CH2Cl2(1 mL) and Ms2O (20.31 mg, 0.117 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 1 h. The reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 1 N HCl, a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3, and brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated giving a light yellow film. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (0-20% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to provide the target compound as a colorless film. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z: 593.2.

A flask was charged with ethanediamide, N2-[2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-7-isocyanato-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 56, (50 mg, 0.092 mmol, 1 equiv), DCE (1 mL), and dimethylamine (0.231 mL of a 2 M solution in THF, 0.462 mmol, 5 equiv). The reaction was stirred for 1 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo giving the target compound. The crude product was used without purification. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z: 586.4.

A flask was charged with Intermediate 57 HCl (100 mg, 0.181 mmol), CH2Cl2(3 mL), paraformaldehyde (109 mg, 3.63 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (385 mg, 1.815 mmol). The reaction was stirred under nitrogen overnight. AcOH (54.5 mg, 0.907 mmol) was added to the reaction. 0.2-Equivalents of additional reagent was added. Upon completion the reaction was dissolved in CH2Cl2, washed with saturated NaHCO3then brine, dried and evaporated giving a light yellow syrup which was used without purification.

A flask was charged with Intermediate 57, HCl (200 mg, 0.363 mmol), DMF (3.5 mL), 2-bromoethyl ether (0.050 mL, 0.399 mmol), potassium iodide (133 mg, 0.799 mmol) and K2CO3(75 mg, 0.544 mmol). The reaction was stirred under nitrogen overnight. The reaction then was heated at 60° C. After 6 hours 5 equivalents of Hunig's base was added. Additional 2-bromoethyl ether (0.050 mL, 0.399 mmol) was added and stirring continued overnight. Additional 2-bromoethyl ether (0.050 mL, 0.399 mmol) and Hunig's base were added. The reaction was dissolved in CH2Cl2, washed with saturated NaHCO3then brine, dried and the solvent evaporated giving a light yellow syrup which was used without purification.

Dess-MartinPeriodinane (336 mg, 0.793 mmol) was added to a solution of ethanediamide, N′-[2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-7-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N,N-dimethyl-, Intermediate 63 (400 mg, 0.660 mmol) in CH2Cl2(20 mL) at r and the reaction stirred for 1.5 hr. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (40 g, SiO2). 60% EtOAc/Hexane to 100% EtOAc/Hexane.

A vial was charged with ethanediamide, N2-[2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-7-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl-, Intermediate 59 (20 mg, 0.034 mmol), LiCl (14 mg, 0.337 mmol), and DMF (0.3 mL). The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was purified by preparative HPLC to provide an off white foam. The solid was triturated in ether and filtered giving the target compound (1.8 mg, 8.5% yield) as a creamy white powder. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z: 579.4.

A vial was charged with ethanediamide, N2-[7-[[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[[(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]carbonyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4-oxo-7,10-ethanopyrimido[1,2-a]azepin-10(4H)-yl]-N1,N1-dimethyl, Intermediate 60 (24 mg, 0.041 mmol), DMF (0.3 mL), and LiCl (8.69 mg, 0.205 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was purified with a prep-HPLC to provide an off white solid. The solid was triturated in ether and filtered giving the target compound (8.2 mg, 0.013 mmol, 33% yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ES+, (M+H)+) m/z: 572.4.

A flask was charged with Intermediate 62 (98 mg, 0.181 mmol), DMF (1 mL) and LiCl (77 mg, 1.81 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for 1 hour. The crude product was purified by preparative-HPLC. The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated giving 56 mg of a white powder. The powder was triturated in ether. The product was re-purified by preparative-HPLC using acetonitrile. The appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated giving a white powder. The powder was triturated in ether and filtered giving the title compound as a white powder, 34 mg. LCMS, observed mass, 529.3, retention time, 2.18 minutes.

Compounds in tables 3, 4 and 5 were synthesized according to the methods described above and were analyzed by LC/MS according to the following methods:

Method B

Method C

Method D

Method E

Method F

Method G

Method H

Method I