Method for sending multi-media messages with customized audio

A system and method of creating a customized multi-media message to a recipient is disclosed. The multi-media message is created by a sender and contains an animated entity that delivers an audible message. The sender chooses the animated entity from a plurality of animated entities. The system receives a text message from the sender and receives a sender audio message associated with the text message. The sender audio message is associated with the chosen animated entity to create the multi-media message. The multi-media message is delivered by the animated entity using as the voice the sender audio message wherein the mouth movements of the animated entity conform to the sender audio message.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to multi-media messages and more specifically to a system and method of customizing the audio portion of a multi-media message created by a sender.

2. Discussion of Related Art

There is a growing popularity for text-to-speech (“TTS”) enabled systems that combine voice with a “talking head” or a computer-generated face that literally speaks to a person. Such systems improve user experience with a computer system by personalizing the exchange of information. Systems for converting text into speech are known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,263 B1 to Alistair Conkie, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, discloses a system and method of performing concatenative speech synthesis. The contents of this patent are incorporated herein by reference.

One example associated with the creation and delivery of e-mails using a TTS system is LifeFX™'s facemail™.FIG. 1illustrates how a sender creates a message using the LifeFX™ system. A window10presents fields for inserting the sender's e-mail address12and the recipient's e-mail address14. Standard features such as control buttons16for previewing and delivering the multi-media message are provided. A standard subject line is also provided18. The sender chooses from a variety of faces20to deliver the message. The currently chosen face22appears in the window10as well. The sender inserts the message text as with a traditional e-mail in a text area24and a box26below the text area gives illustrations of some of the available emoticons, explained further below.

This system enables a sender to write an e-mail and choose a talking head or “face” to deliver the e-mail. The recipient of the e-mail needs to download special TTS software in order to enable the “face” to deliver the message. The downloaded software converts the typewritten e-mail from the e-mail sender into audible words, and synchronizes the head and mouth movements of the talking head to match the audibly spoken words. Various algorithms and software may be used to provide the TTS function as well as the synchronization of the speech with the talking head. For example, the article, “Photo-realistic Talking-heads From Image Samples,” by E. Cosatto and HP. Graf,IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, September 2000, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pages 152–163, describes a system for creating a realistic model of a head that can be animated and lip-synched from phonetic transcripts of text. The contents of this article are incorporated herein by reference. Such systems, when combined with TTS synthesizers, generate video animations of talking heads that resemble people. One drawback of related systems is that the synthesized voice bears no resemblance to the sender voice.

The LifeFX™ system presents the user with a plurality of faces20from which to choose. Once a face is chosen, the e-mail sender composes an e-mail message. Within the e-mail, the sender inserts features to increase the emotion showed by the computer-generated face when the e-mail is “read” to the e-mail recipient. For example, the following will result in the message being read with a smile at the end: “Hi how are you today?:-)”. These indicators of emotion are called “emoticons” and may include such features as: :-((frown); -o (wow); :-x (kiss); and ;-) (wink). The e-mail sender will type in these symbols which are translated by the system into the emotions. Therefore, after composing a message, inserting emoticons, and choosing a face, the sender sends the message. The recipient will get an e-mail with a notification that he or she has received a facemail and that they will need to download a player to hear the message.

The LifeFX™ system presents its emoticons when delivering the message in a particular way. For example, when an emoticon such as a smile is inserted in the sentence “Hi, Jonathon, :-) how are you today?” the “taking head”22speaks the words “Hi, Jonathan” and then stops talking and begins the smiling operation. After finishing the smile, the talking head completes the sentence “how are you today?”

The LifeFX™ system only enables the recipient to hear the message after downloading the appropriate software. There are several disadvantages to delivering multi-media messages in this manner. Such software requires a large amount of disc space and the recipient may not desire to utilize his or her space with the necessary software. Further, with viruses prevalent on the Internet, many people are naturally reluctant to download software when they are unfamiliar with its source.

FIG. 2illustrates a received facemail™40. The chosen talking head22delivers the message. Buttons such as “say again”42, “new”44, “forward”26, “reply”48, “reply all”50, and “show text”52enable the recipient to control to some degree how the message is received. Buttons42,44,46,48and50are commonly used button features for controlling messages. Button52allows the user to read the text of the message. When button52is clicked, the text of the message is shown in a window illustrated inFIG. 3. A separate window54pops up typically over the talking head22with the text.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

What is needed in the art is a system and method to enable more creative and desirable control to a sender of a multi-media message. The present invention addresses the deficiencies in the prior art and focuses on systems and methods related to sender control of the creation of animated multi-media messages. Specifically, the present invention relates to enabling the sender to create multi-media messages with more control over the voice used to deliver the message. For example, the sender may record an audio message in his or her own voice and use that voice to deliver the message.

The present invention relates to a method of delivering a multi-media message to a recipient, the multi-media message being created by a sender and for delivery by an animated entity. The method comprises recording an audio message from the sender, receiving a choice of one of a plurality of animated entities to deliver the message, conforming the audio message to movements associated with the animated entity to create a multi-media message, and delivering the multi-media message to the recipient with the animated entity speaking the recorded audio message from the sender.

According to an aspect of the invention, conforming the audio message to movements associated with the animated entity may be accomplished in several ways. For example, an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system may convert the audio message into text for the sender to review. In this way, the movements of the animated entity may be created according to the text version of the message with the audio version being “spoken” simultaneously when the message is delivered to the recipient. In another version of the invention, the sender first submits a text version of the message via typing or the like and then reads the typed message to create an audio version of the message. When the multi-media message is delivered to the recipient, the audio portion of the multi-media message becomes the actual voice of the sender. The sender may also insert emoticons into the text to increase the effect and variety of the multi-media message with the sender's voice as the audio portion of the message.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention may be best understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and description herein. The basic system design supporting the various embodiments of the invention is first disclosed. A system comprises a TTS and an animation server to provide a multi-media message service over the Internet wherein a sender can create a multi-media message presentation delivered audibly by an animated entity.

FIG. 4(a) illustrates a high-bandwidth architecture60associated with the embodiments of the invention. The system60delivers a hyper-text mark-up language (HTML) page through the Internet62(connected to a web server, not shown but embodied in the Internet62) to a client application64. The HTML page (shown by way of example inFIG. 6)enables the sender to create a multi-media message. The client application may be, for example, a web browser such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer®. Other client applications include e-mail and instant messaging clients. The sender creates the multi-media message using the HTML page.

The web server receives the composed multi-media message, which includes several components that are additional to a regular e-mail or instant message. For example, a multi-media message includes a designation of an animated entity for audibly delivering the message and emoticons that add emotional elements to the animated entity during the delivery of the message. The HTML page delivered to the client terminal enables the sender to manipulate various buttons and inputs to create the multi-media message.

Once the sender finishes creating the multi-media message and sends the message, the Internet62transmits the message text with emoticons and other chosen parameters to a text-to-speech ITS) server66that communicates with an animation or face server68to compute and synchronize the multi-media message. The transmission of the text-to-speech data may be accomplished using such methods as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,250 B1 to Kenneth Jong, assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The contents of this patent are incorporated herein by reference.

The animation server68receives phonemes associated with the sender message and interpreted by the TTS server66, including the text of the subject line and other text such as the name of the sender, as well as other defined parameters or data. The animation server68processes the received phonemes, message text, emoticons and any other provided parameters such as background images or audio and creates an animated message that matches the audio and the emoticons. An exemplary method for producing the animated entity is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,995,119 to Cosatto et al. (“Cosatto et al.”). The Cosatto et al. patent is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and its contents are incorporated herein by reference. Cosatto et al. disclose a system and method of generating animated characters that can “speak” or “talk” received text messages. Another reference for information on generating animated sequences of animated entities is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,177 to Cosatto et al. (“Cosatto et al. II”). The contents of Cosatto et al. II are incorporated herein by reference as well.

The system60encodes the audio and video portions of the multi-media message for streaming through a streaming audio/video server70. In a high-bandwidth version of the present invention, as shown inFIG. 4(a), the server70streams the multi-media message to the streaming client72over the Internet62. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand and be cognizant of a variety of TTS servers and TTS technologies that may be optimally used for converting the text to speech. The particular implementation of TTS technologies is not relevant to the present invention. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand and be cognizant of a variety of animation servers and animation technologies that may be optimally used for converting phonemes and emoticons into talking entities, preferably faces. The particular implementation of animation technologies is not relevant to the present invention.

FIG. 4(b) illustrates a low-bandwidth system61of the present invention. In this variation, the animation server68produces animation parameters that are synchronized with the audio produced from the TTS server66. The audio and animation parameters are encoded and transmitted by the streaming server74over a lower bandwidth connection over the Internet62. The streaming client76in this aspect of the invention differs from the streaming client72ofFIG. 4(a) in that client76includes rendering software for rendering the animation on the client device using the streamed animation parameters provided from the streaming server74. Furthermore, the client includes a TTS synthesizer that synthesizes the audio. In this manner, the systems disclosed inFIGS. 4(a) and4(b) provide both a high-bandwidth and a low-bandwidth option for all users.

A further variation of the invention applies when the client device includes the animation or rendering software. In this case, the client device72,76can receive a multi-media message e-mail, with the message declared as a specific multipurpose Internet mail extension (MIME) type, and render the animation locally without requiring access to a central server or streaming server70,74. In one aspect of the invention, the rendering software includes a TTS synthesizer with the usable voices. In this case, the recipient device72,76receives the text (very little data) and the face model (several kb), unless it is already stored in a cache at the receiver device72,76. If the receiver device72,76is requested to synthesize a voice different from the ones available at its TTS synthesizer, the server74downloads the new voice.

High quality voices typically require several megabytes of disk space. Therefore, if the voice is stored on a streaming server74, in order to avoid the delay of the huge download, the server74uses a TTS synthesizer to create the audio. Then, the server74streams the audio and related markup information such as phonemes, stress, word-boundaries, bookmarks with emoticons, and related timestamps to the recipient. The recipient device76locally renders the face model using the face model and the markup information and synchronously plays the audio streamed from the server.

When the recipient receives an e-mail message associated with the multi-media message, the message is received on a client device71such as that shown inFIG. 5.FIG. 5illustrates a different view of system60. The client device may be any one of a desktop, laptop computer, a wireless device such as a cell phone, 3Com's palmpilot® or personal data assistant and the like. The particular arrangement of the client device71is unimportant to the present invention. The multi-media message may be delivered over the Internet, via a wireless communication system such as a cellular communication system or via a satellite communication system.

The multi-media message delivery mechanism is also not limited to an e-mail system. For example, other popular forms of communication include instant messaging, bulletin boards, I Seek You (ICQ) and other messaging services. Instant messaging and the like differ from regular e-mail in that its primary focus is immediate end-user delivery. In this sense, the sender and recipient essentially become interchangeable because the messages are communicated back and forth in real time. Presence information for a user with an open session to a well-known multi-user system enables friends and colleagues to instantly communicate messages back and forth. Those of skill in the art know various architectures for simple instant messaging and presence awareness/notification. Since the particular embodiment of the instant message, bulletin board, or I Seek You (ICQ) or other messaging service is not relevant to the general principles of the present invention, no further details are provided here. Those of skill in the art will understand and be able to apply the principles disclosed herein to the particular communication application. Although the best mode and preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the e-mail context, the multi-media messages may be created and delivered via any messaging context.

For instant messaging, client sessions are established using a multicast group (more than 2 participants) or unicast (2 participants). As part of the session description, each participant specifies the animated entity representing him. Each participant loads the animated entity of the other participants. When a participant sends a message as described for the e-mail application, this message is sent to a central server that animates the entity for the other participants to view or streams appropriate parameters (audio/animation parameters or audio/video or text/animation parameters or just text) to the participants that their client software uses to render the animated entity.

Further as shown inFIG. 5, when a client device71receives a request from the recipient to view a multi-media message, the client device71sends a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) message to the web server63. As a response, the web server sends a message with an appropriate MIME type pointing to the server70at which point the server70streams the multi-media message to the client terminal for viewing and listening. This operation is well known to those of skill in the art.

In an alternate aspect of the invention, the client device71stores previously downloaded specific rendering software for delivering multi-media messages. As discussed above, LifeFX™ requires the recipient to download its client software before the recipient may view the message. Therefore, some of the functionality of the present invention is applied in the context of the client terminal71containing the necessary software for delivering the multi-media message. In this case, the animation server68and TTS server66create and synchronize the multi-media message for delivery. The multi-media message is then transmitted, preferably via e-mail, to the recipient. When the recipient opens the e-mail, an animated entity shown in the message delivery window delivers the message. The local client software runs to locally deliver the message using the animated entity.

Many web-based applications require client devices to download software on their machines, such as with the LifeFX™ system. As mentioned above, problems exist with this requirement since customers in general are reluctant and rightfully suspicious about downloading software over the Internet because of the well-known security problems such as virus contamination, trojan horses, zombies, etc. New software installations often cause problems with the existing software or hardware on the client device. Further, many users do not have the expertise to run the installation process if it gets even slightly complicated e.g., asking about system properties, directories, etc. Further, downloading and installing software takes time. These negative considerations may prevent hesitant users from downloading the software and using the service.

Some Java-based applications are proposed as a solution for the above-mentioned problems but these are more restrictive due to security precautions and can't be used to implement all applications and there is no unified Java implementation. Therefore, users need to configure their browsers to allowJava-based program execution. As with the problems discussed above, a time-consuming download of the Java executable for each use by users who do not know if they really need or like to use the new application may prevent users from bothering with the Java-based software.

Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention includes using streaming video to demonstrate the use of a new software application. Enabling the user to preview the use of a new software application solves the above-mentioned problems for many applications. Currently, almost all client machines have a streaming video client such as Microsoft's Mediaplayer® or Real Player®. If not, such applications can be downloaded and configured with confidence. Note that the user needs to do this only once. These streaming video receivers can be used to receive and playback video on the client's machine.

According to this aspect of the present invention, shown by way of example inFIG. 5, a user may wish to preview a multi-media message before downloading rendering software on the client device71. If such is the case, the user enters into a dialogue with the streaming server70and requests a preview or demonstration of the capabilities of the application if the rendering software were downloaded. The streaming server70transmits to the client device71a multi-media message showing dynamic screen shots of the application as if it is running on the user's machine. As an example, if the new application would have the capability to show a three-dimensional view of a room based on vector graphics, the streaming video displays the three-dimensional output of the application on the user's monitor as video. Most existing players allow the users to control the video playback by clicking on buttons or the like on an HTML page. This provides an interactive feeling for the user if needed without loading any new or suspicious software.

Therefore, an aspect of the present invention enables the user, before downloading rendering software for presenting multi-media messages using an animated entity, to request a preview of the multi-media message streamed to the client as a video and presented on a player such as the Microsoft Mediaplayer® or Real Player®. If the user so desires, he or she can then download the rendering software for enjoying the reception of multi-media messages.

FIG. 6shows an example of a template for the sender to use to create a multi-media message. A message-creation window80includes basic e-mail-related features such as fields for inserting a sender name82and sender e-mail address84. A subject line86and recipient address field88are also provided. The sender enters the text of the message within a standard text field92. Various animated entities94are available from which the sender may choose90for delivering the message. Typically the animated entities are faces as shown inFIG. 6, but they may be any entity such as an animal, car, tree, robot, or anything that may be animated.

The sender may also insert emoticons103into the text of the message. The system includes predefined emoticons96, such as “:-)” for a smile, “::-)” for a head nod, “*W*” for an eye wink, and so forth. The predefined emoticons are represented either as icons or as text, such as “;-)”. As shown inFIG. 6, the window80includes a sample group of emoticon icons96. The sender inserts an emoticon into a text message at the location of the cursor102by clicking on one of the emoticon icons100. The sender may also type in the desired emoticon as text. Emoticon icons96save the sender from needing to type three keys, such as “:” and “-” and “)” for a smile. The icons96may be either a picture of, say, a winking eye or a icon representation of the characters “;-)”100, or other information indicating to the sender that clicking on that emoticon icon will insert the associated emotion103into the text at the location of the cursor102.

Once the sender composes the text of the message, chooses an animated entity94, and inserts the desired emoticons103, he or she generates the multi-media message by clicking on the generate message button98. The animation server68creates an animated video of the selected animated entity94for audibly delivering the message. The TTS server66converts the text to speech as mentioned above. Emoticons103in the message are translated into their corresponding facial expressions such as smiles and nods. The position of an emoticon103in the text determines when the facial expression is executed during delivery of the message.

Execution of a particular expression preferably occurs before the specific location of the emoticon in the text. This is in contrast to the LifeFX™ system, discussed above, in which the execution of the smile emoticon in the text “Hello, Jonathan :-) how are you?” starts and ends between the words “Jonathan” and “how”. In the present invention, the expression of the emoticon begins a predefined number of words or a predefined time before the emoticon's location in the text. Furthermore, the end of the expressions of an emoticon may be a predefined number of words after the location of the emoticon in the text or a predetermined amount of time after the location of the emoticon.

For example, according to an aspect of the present invention, the smile in the sentence “Hello, Jonathan :-) how are you?” will begin after the word “Hello” and continue through the word “how” or even through the entire sentence. The animated entity in this case will be smiling while delivering most of the message—which is more natural for the recipient than having the animated entity pause while executing an expression.

Furthermore, the starting and stopping points for executing expressions will vary depending on the expression. For example, a wink typically takes a very short amount of time to perform whereas a smile may last longer. Therefore, the starting and stopping points for a wink may be defined in terms of 0.1 seconds before its location in the text to 0.5 seconds after the location of the wink emoticon in the text. In contrast, the smile emoticon's starting, stopping, and duration parameters may be defined in terms of the words surrounding the emoticons.

According to another aspect of the invention, the audio portion of the animated multi-media message may not be drawn from TTS server66but from an audio recording from the sender. An example of this aspect of the invention is illustrated inFIG. 7. An exemplary method of creating and delivering a multi-media message comprises receiving a text message from the sender (120) and recording an audio message from the sender (122). Steps120and122may be performed in any order. If step120is accomplished first, then optimally the audio message corresponds to the text because the sender reads the typed message. The animation server68and the TTS server66coordinate the timing of the mouth movements of the selected animated entity (124) as it delivers the multi-media message (128). If the system first receives the sender audio message before the text of the message, the system may interpret the message using automatic speech recognition techniques (ASR) and provide the sender a text version of the message for review and approval. Basic speech recognition techniques are well known to those of skill in the art. The necessary software may reside on one of the servers shown inFIG. 4, such as the web server63.

Having the sender's message converted to text for preview assures that the system correctly interpreted the audio message before conforming the movements of the animated entity to the audio message (126). Otherwise, an unnatural mouth movement by the animated entity in the multi-media message may accompany the audio message from the sender and reduce the effectiveness of the presentation. Therefore, if the audio message is received first, a text approval step is preferably performed by presenting the sender with a text window with a message asking whether this is the correct interpretation of the message and for the sender to edit the message accordingly. Once the sender approves the message, the system delivers the multi-media message to the recipient (128).

The audio message is preferably recorded via a microphone associated with the client device71. In one aspect of the invention, a button or other means (not shown inFIG. 6) is presented to the sender in the window80providing the sender with an option to record a message that will be the audio portion of the multi-media message. If the sender chooses this option, and the system receives that choice, then an audio message input dialogue proceeds to walk the sender through prompts for the system to obtain and check the accuracy of an audio message for delivery. Various examples of this process are discussed below.

Either before or after recording the audio message, the method further comprises receiving a choice of one of a plurality of animated entities to deliver the message (124). Preferably, the means by which the sender chooses an animated entity is through the sender manipulating buttons or control elements such as a pull-down menu to choose the animated entity. The sender's choice is then received by the system for processing. There are a variety of different means that may be used to accomplish providing the sender with a plurality of animated entities from which to choose.

When a sender-recorded audio message is not used, as explained above, the TTS server66and animation server68coordinate to cause the mouth of the animated entity to move in a synchronized manner with the “speaking” of the message. In this manner, it appears as though the animated entity is talking. When the sound delivered in the multi-media message is the voice of the sender, then the mouth movements of the animated entity must still be synchronized to make it appear as though the animated entity is speaking the words. This is accomplished by time stamping the sender audio message, labeling the sender audio message with the sender text message using aligner software as it is used for TTS voice generation, and outputting the sender audio message with the appropriate video mouth movements for the animated entity. Cosatto et al. II disclose some of the details of how this may be done. Alternatively, software that detects mouth opening and closures from the audio waveform may be used. (See Pengyu Hong, Zhen Wen, Thomas Huang, “Real-time Speech Driven Avatar with Constant Short Time Delay,”International Conference on Augmented, Virtual Environments and3D Imaging, Greece, 2001 for background information regarding how to accomplish detecting mouth opening and closures from an audio waveform.) The multi-media message is then delivered to the recipient with the animated entity speaking the recorded audio message from the sender (128).

Another variation of the present invention is illustrated inFIG. 8. In this case, the system presents the multi-media message using a synthesized voice that uses voice inflections and characteristics of the sender voice. To accomplish this, a method comprises receiving an audio recording from the sender (140). As discussed above relative toFIG. 7, receiving the audio recording from the sender may occur before or after the sender types or reviews a text version of the message. Therefore, the sender may first type the text and then read the text associated with step140, or the sender may record the audio message and then receive a text version through ASR means and review and approve the text.

The next step involves parameterizing the audio recording (142). This step comprises using an alignment program to segment the audio recording into phonemes and label the audio recording with the phonemes, duration, pitch, stress and other parameters. These parameters and the text are fed into a speech synthesizer that then synthesizes the speech using its voice with the parameters derived from the recorded voice (144). The resulting synthesized voice in this example is not the voice of the sender but includes many of the characteristics of the sender voice, such as voice inflection, accent, pitch, rhythm, or a certain dialect. In this regard, the synthesized voice mimics the sender voice in one or more of the parameters analyzed from the recorded audio. (Background information regarding the technical details of how this may be accomplished are found in Lee, K-S. and Cox, R. V., “TTS based very low bit rate speech coder,”Proc. ICASSP '99, Vol. I, March 1999, pp. 181–184.) In this manner, the synthesized voice will be more familiar and comfortable to the recipient and at least partially reflect the voice of the sender.

Although the above description may contain specific details, they should not be construed as limiting the claims in any way. Other configurations of the described embodiments of the invention are part of the scope of this invention. For example, any electronic communication between people where an animated entity can deliver the message is contemplated. E-mail and instant messaging have been specifically mentioned above, but other forms of communication are being developed such as broadband3G and4G wireless technologies wherein animated entities as generally described herein may apply. Accordingly, the appended claims and their legal equivalents should only define the invention, rather than any specific examples given.