Adaptive training system with aerial mobility system

A mobile unit configured to train an athlete is disclosed. The mobile unit includes multiple sensors, communication devices and a mobility system. The mobile unit executes one or more training paths to simulate chasing associated with various sports. The mobile unit is capable of determining its own location and the location of the athlete throughout a training session, as well as other information. The mobile unit is configured to adapt the training path to stress weaknesses of the athlete with respect to various types of athletic skills.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to training systems, and in particular to adaptive training systems including a mobile unit that is air-based.

2. Description of Related Art

When an athlete trains for a particular activity they may choose to focus on their weaknesses as well as their strengths. Many times, an athlete that is well rounded has an advantage over other competitors that are only strong in one particular aspect of an athletic activity or sport. Therefore, in selecting a workout routine or program, an athlete (or the athlete's coach) may adapt a given routine or program so that it stresses weaknesses in the athlete's performance.

In many situations, the athlete's weaknesses may not be well known. In such situations it may be useful to have a training system that is configured to evaluate the athlete's performance. Based on this evaluation, a coach or the athlete may make modifications to the training method in an attempt to stress the athlete's weaknesses according to the reported performance.

Several methods and/or devices configured to train an athlete have been previously proposed, including mechanisms for measuring various aspects of the athlete's performance. Davidson (U.S. patent number 2004/0219498) teaches a training system consisting of a computer and a trainer and/or trainee garment configured to accurately track body movements of the wearer. These body movements are then compared to reference body movements and a report is generated with the results of the comparison. In some cases, the reference body movements are generated by a coach or other trainer. For example, a trainee may wish to learn the ideal golf swing, and by comparing their body movements of the swing with the pre-programmed body movements of a golf-pro's swing, they may learn weaknesses in their swing and adapt it to conform closer to the reference swing.

A drawback of the Davidson design is the cumbersome nature of the trainer/trainee garments. In many cases, such garments could prohibit a full range of motion, decreasing the utility of the training system in such circumstances. Furthermore, the Davidson design is primarily intended to be used as a tool for comparing an athlete's body movements with the body movements of a secondary party (a coach, trainer, etc.). The Davidson design does not provide a straightforward means of comparing various aspects of the athlete's performance with one another. Finally, the Davidson design does not provide a clear method for focusing on and stressing weaknesses in the athlete's performance, and especially not in an automated manner.

Bachman (U.S. Pat. No. 5,938,564) teaches a track runner pacing device, including a running track. In the Bachman design, a pacer housing is adapted to move around the running track. The Bachman design also incorporates a control mechanism that effects the movement of the pacer housing about the track at a speed calculated from a distance and a time entered into the control means by a user.

The Bachman design includes several drawbacks. Bachman teaches the use of a pacer housing with a simple rounded track. Although the athlete must turn slightly in order to make their way fully around the track, this training device is generally configured only to stress linear speed and pacing. The Bachman design would not be well suited for training athlete's in sports where one is not confined to a track. In football, for example, an athlete must perform ‘cut-moves’ and general lateral translations that could not be modeled using the Bachman design. Additionally, using the Bachman design, an athlete (or a coach) must program information that is used to calculate a predefined pacing speed for the pacer housing. The Bachman design lacks a provision for automatically adapting the pacer housing speed to stress weaknesses in the athlete's performance.

Dassler (U.S. Pat. No. 4,703,445) teaches an athletic shoe for running and a process for providing an exchange of information concerning moving sequences. In the Dassler design, a transmitter is housed in a free space of the sole of the shoe, which, via a sensor in the sole, can emit at least one output signal. Following the transmission of the signal, a remote receiver receives the emissions. Also, a secondary transmitter and sensor may be associated with a second shoe, whose emissions are also received by the remote receiver either directly or indirectly via the first transmitter. The remote receiver may be linked with a computer. Using the information collected from these emissions, the computer may determine the distance between the first and the second shoes, on the basis of the delay between the receipt by the remote receiver of the directly and indirectly received emissions, as well as other characteristic length values related to stride rate or length. Based on this computed information, which may be stored and later analyzed, conclusions may be drawn with respect to further training phases or sequences and possibly different training phases or sequences.

A drawback of the Dassler design is that it is configured to assess only information related to stride length and/or running speed. The Dassler design lacks provisions for locating the runner along a given trajectory or path, and determining performance aspects of the athlete associated with lateral motions, banking motions, and starting and/or stopping motions. Furthermore, while the Dassler design provides tools for analyzing an athlete's running style, it does not directly provide the athlete with a means for stressing particular weaknesses in their running style. Instead, the athlete and/or coach must analyze the acquired running data and make their own judgments about new training regiments.

In some training exercises, it may be useful to have a training device that can sense the location of the athlete and either move away from, or towards the athlete. In the prior art, devices with such features are usually associated with robots. Several such devices have been previously proposed.

Oohashi (U.S. patent number 2006/0126918) teaches a robot provided with a target object detection apparatus. The target object detection apparatus includes a wireless tag worn by the target object and a camera used for recording image information. Oohashi teaches the use of an RFID tag, in particular, with the target object detection apparatus. Oohashi also teaches the use of an image processor to interpret images recorded by the camera. The camera is configured to take images of the target object's face, and using the image processor, determine, with some associated probability, the identity of the target object.

A drawback to the Oohashi design is that it lacks provisions for use as an athletic training device. Although the robot does include legs for moving, Oohashi does not teach a robot that can run or move at speeds useful for athletic training. Furthermore, the RFID tag is used to signal the target objects identity, but not as a means of location. As a result, the Oohashi design lacks provisions for determining precise distances between the target object and the robot which serves as the target object detection apparatus.

Okamoto (U.S. patent number 2006/0106496) teaches a method of controlling the movement of a mobile robot. This method is intended to provide safe and appropriate accompanying behavior to follow an accompanied target. The Okamoto design includes provisions for detecting the position of the target. The Okamoto design also teaches a method for controlling the robot to walk along a path that is parallel to the moving direction of the accompanied target. The mobile robot includes a robot body, wheels for moving the robot, and a measurement apparatus that detects the position and velocity of the robot body and a calculator that calculates a path for accompanying the accompanied target based on measurements made by the measurement apparatus.

The Okamoto design lacks provisions that would allow its use as an athletic training device. Okamoto teaches a robot that moves in parallel with the target, while a proper training device may require that the robot move ahead of, behind, or in various other directions with respect to the athlete or target. Furthermore, while the Okamoto design includes a measurement apparatus for detecting the speed and location of the target, there are no provisions for storing and analyzing these measurements in order to examine trends in the targets motion as would be useful in a training apparatus.

Hart (U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,968) teaches an interactive toy that is capable of detecting and tracking any nearby heat source such as a human body. The Hart device is further able to move to interact with the heat source, including chasing the heat source, or running away from the heat source. The Hart device also includes sensors to detect unheated objects in its path and may move to avoid these objects.

Although the Hart design does provide a device that may chase or be chased, there are several limitations that limits its use as an athletic training device. Hart does not teach the use of instruments intended to measure the position and/or location of a human. Additionally, Hart fails to teach a mechanism by which the interactive toy can move at speeds relevant to athletic training, including speeds associated with running. Also, the Hart design lacks provisions for adapting to the movements of the human.

The prior art has many shortcomings, as previously discussed. There is a need in the art for a training device or system that may solve many of the problems not addressed by the prior art. In particular, there is a need in the art for an athletic training system that includes a device that can interact with an athlete by chasing, being chased, or other similar activities at speeds that are relevant to athletic activities. Furthermore, there is a need in the art for an athletic training system that includes provisions for analyzing the movements of the athlete, determining weaknesses in the athlete's movements, and automatically adapts its own motion to yield new training routines that stress the athlete's weaknesses.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An adaptive training system is disclosed. In one aspect, the invention provides a mobile unit configured to train an athlete, comprising: a set of ports on a control unit that receive information associated with an athlete; the control unit determines a path for the mobile unit based on the information associated with the athlete; a mobility system comprising at least one cable; and where the control unit moves the mobile unit by controlling a cable driver that controls the motion of the mobile unit.

In another aspect, the mobile unit includes an optical device configured to receive optical information associated with the athlete.

In another aspect, the mobile unit is disposed above a practice field configured to accommodate the athlete.

In another aspect, the mobile unit is suspended above a practice field configured to accommodate the athlete.

In another aspect, the mobile unit includes at least one device configured to transmit and receive information from a sensor system associated with the athlete.

In another aspect, the mobile unit determines the relative location of the athlete using information received from the sensor system.

In another aspect, the invention provides a mobile unit configured to train an athlete, comprising: a set of ports configured to receive information associated with an athlete; a control unit receiving a training program; the control unit being configured to adjust the motion of the mobile unit; and where the mobile unit is suspended above a practice field.

In another aspect, the mobile unit is suspended from a cable system.

In another aspect, the mobile unit is suspended from a system of tracks.

In another aspect, the mobile unit is suspended from a balloon.

In another aspect, the mobile unit is associated with a remote controlled helicopter.

In another aspect, the invention provides a mobile unit configured to train an athlete, comprising: a port that receive information associated with an athlete; a display unit associated with the mobile unit; the mobile unit being spaced from the athlete and suspended over a practice field configured to train the athlete; and wherein the information associated with the athlete is displayed on the display unit.

In another aspect, the information is displayed in real-time.

In another aspect, the display unit is associated with at least one speaker.

In another aspect, the information associated with the athlete is transmitted through the at least one speaker.

In another aspect, the display unit is a video screen associated with the practice field.

In another aspect, the invention includes a training system, comprising: a projection device configured to display a projected target; a control unit receiving a training path; and where the position of the projection target is adjusted by the control unit to stress the weakest athletic skill of the athlete.

In another aspect, the control unit includes an optical device configured to receive optical information associated with the athlete, and wherein the optical information is used to adjust the position of the projected target.

In another aspect, the control unit maintains a distance between the athlete and the projected target.

In another aspect, the control unit includes at least one device configured to transmit and receive information from a sensor system associated with the athlete.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1-2are a preferred embodiment of training system100. Training system100preferably includes practice field106. The term ‘practice field’, as used throughout this detailed description, refers to any type of field, court, or generally open space that may be used for training activities. Examples of practice fields include, but are not limited to, football fields, soccer pitches or fields, lacrosse fields, basketball courts, as well as other types of fields and/or courts. Additionally, any open space that may be used for training activities such as those described throughout this detailed description may also be considered practice fields. For the purposes of clarity, practice field106is shown here as a football field.

Preferably, training system100may also include athlete102. The term athlete is intended to include both professional athletes and amateur athletes. Generally, athlete102may be any person wishing to take part in an athletic training activity. Therefore, the term athlete, as used throughout this detailed discussion and in the claims, refers to any user of training system100.

Training system100also preferably includes mobile unit104. The term ‘mobile unit’ refers to any mechanical device with mobile capabilities, intended for use with training system100. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may be configured to move around practice field106. In particular, it is preferable that mobile unit104may be configured to accomplish the task of running away from athlete102and/or chasing athlete102. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may be a robot. In other embodiments, mobile unit104may be more similar to a small car, cart or similar vehicle.

In the current embodiment, mobile unit104is seen to have a simple shape and/or design. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may have an appearance that is similar to a remote controlled car or other vehicle. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may have a ‘rover’-like appearance. It should be emphasized that the shape and design of mobile unit104shown in the Figures is only intended as an exemplary embodiment. Generally, mobile unit104may have any size, shape and/or design. For example, in another embodiment, mobile unit104may be human-like, including legs, arms, a head, as well as other human-like features. In still other embodiments, mobile unit104may be configured to look like an animal, such as animals associated with ‘chasing’, like rabbits, cats and other kinds of animals.

In still other embodiments, mobile unit104may include provisions that mimic characteristics of a real athlete. For example, as seen inFIG. 3, in some embodiments mobile unit104may include dummy300. Using dummy300, athlete102may feel more natural attempting to chase or ‘cover’ mobile unit104. In other embodiments, other decorative features may be applied to mobile unit104.

Preferably, training system100includes provisions for training an athlete with respect to various athletic skills that are important for a strong performance in many sports. Examples of these athletic skills include, but are not limited to linear speed, lateral speed, left turning speed, right turning speed, starting acceleration, mid-stride acceleration, deceleration as well as other capabilities. For example, a running back in football must have good lateral speed in order to avoid tackles in addition to having good linear speed in order to move the ball down the field. Therefore, it may be important to have a training system available to the athlete that trains them with special emphasis placed on one or more of these athletic skills.

As seen inFIGS. 1 and 2, training system100is preferably configured so that athlete102chases mobile unit104on practice field106. Preferably, during this chasing activity, mobile unit104is always moving in a way to avoid being caught by athlete102. As mobile unit104constantly changes direction and/or speed, athlete102must adjust to the new direction and speed in an attempt to catch mobile unit104. Preferably, mobile unit104moves in a way so that, as athlete102follows mobile unit104, athlete102is moving linearly, laterally, accelerating and decelerating over the course of a training session.

FIG. 4is a schematic diagram of several devices, resources and/or provisions that are associated with mobile unit104and athlete102. Preferably, mobile unit104may include control unit402. Control unit402may include a number of ports that facilitate the input and output of information and power. The term “port” means any interface or shared boundary between two conductors. In some cases, ports can facilitate the insertion and removal of conductors. Examples of these types of ports include mechanical connectors. In other cases, ports are interfaces that generally do not provide easy insertion or removal. Examples of these types of ports include soldering or electron traces on circuit boards.

All of the following ports and provisions associated with control unit402are optional. Some embodiments may include a given port or provision, while others may exclude it. The following description discloses many of the possible parts and provisions that can be used, however, it should be kept in mind that not every part or provision must be used or included in a given embodiment.

Preferably, control unit402includes provisions for communicating with athlete102and/or remote computer482. Control unit402can include wireless network antenna port420that is designed to transmit and/or receive information from wireless network antenna422and GPS antenna port424designed to transmit and/or receive information from GPS antenna426. Control unit402can also include RFID port440that is designed to transmit and/or receive information from RFID antenna442.

Control unit402can also include provisions to communicate with a wireless telephone, or other devices using various electronic protocols. Any system can be used to facilitate this communication with wireless devices; however, a low power radio frequency system is preferred. In an exemplary embodiment, a wireless local or personal area network using the Bluetooth protocol is used to facilitate communication with a wireless telephone, computer, or other electronic device with Bluetooth capabilities. In the exemplary embodiment shown inFIG. 4, control unit402includes a local wireless network antenna port446that is designed to communicate with a local wireless network antenna448, which in turn, is designed to communicate wirelessly with any wireless device.

Control unit402can also include a number of items that facilitate human interaction with mobile unit104. To receive vocal information from a user, control unit402can include a microphone port432that is capable of communicating with a microphone434. Control unit402can also include an audio port436that is designed to send audio information to one or more speakers438or audio devices. These audio devices can include preamplifiers, amplifiers and/or crossovers. In some embodiments, microphone port432and audio port436are conductors associated with a single physical connector. For example, microphone port432and audio port436can be female conductors of a multi-channel coaxial plug, like a standard 2.5 mm headset plug.

Preferably, control unit402may be associated with various optical sensors that may be configured to monitor the location or trajectory of athlete102. These various optical sensors may also be used to help determine the location of mobile unit104on practice field106, as well as avoid obstacles and monitor general conditions of the environment. Control unit402can include optical port460that is designed to communicate with optical device462. In some embodiments, optical device462may be one or more video cameras associated with various sides of mobile unit104. For example, mobile unit104may include a video camera for rearward viewing that may be especially useful in tracking athlete102as athlete102chases behind mobile unit104. Mobile until104may also include additional video cameras along a front side, as well as along the left and right side, and even a downward looking camera, all designed to give mobile unit104full view of athlete102, the environment, and also to enable mobile unit104to avoid any obstacles on practice field106. In other embodiments, optical device462may be an infrared camera configured to sense heat sources such as athlete102. This infrared configuration may be useful in dark conditions such as at night.

In some embodiments, control unit402may include provisions such as an interactive panel that may facilitate in programming, or accessing information from, mobile unit104. Control unit402may be associated with display panel port470, designed to communicate with display device472. To receive input from a user, control unit402can include an input port474. Input port474can communicate with input device476. In some embodiments, display device472can also receive input from a user. In some embodiments, display device472includes a touch screen that can receive input and in other embodiments, display device472includes a number of buttons that can receive input. In some embodiments, display device472includes both a touch screen and buttons.

A power port476can connect control unit402to power supply480. Examples of specific types of power supplies that may be used with mobile unit104include, but are not limited to, standard batteries, rechargeable batteries, engines, photochemical power sources, hybrid power sources and other types of power sources. In other embodiments, power supply480may be a remote power source connected to mobile unit104using a wire or similar electrical conductor. Generally, the type of power source used will vary.

Mobile unit104can also include data storage provisions including one or more databases or similar data storage devices. Preferably, control unit402is in communication with at least one database490via database port405. Database490can be any kind of data storage device, including but not limited magnetic, optical, magneto-optical, and/or memory, including volatile memory and non-volatile memory. In some embodiments, database490is integral with control unit402and in other embodiments, database490is separate from control unit402and communicates with control unit402. In some embodiments, for example, database490may be located outside of mobile unit, and accessed remotely via any known wired or wireless methods.

In some embodiments, all or most of the items shown inFIG. 4are housed in a single case or unit. In other embodiments, the various items shown inFIG. 4are not housed at a single physical location, but instead, are distributed throughout mobile unit104and communicate with one another via known wired or wireless methods. In general, any of the items shown here may be physically located outside of mobile unit104, and remotely access via any of the communication methods discussed here for information transfer.

Mobile unit104may include provisions for moving. Preferably, mobile unit104includes mobility system408. Mobility system408may be in communication with control unit402via mobility system port409. In this embodiment, mobility system408is a set of wheels. However, in other embodiments, mobility system408may be a mechanism other than wheels. For example, robots with legs that can move around have previously been disclosed. The reader is referred to U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,142,946; 7,076,338; 7,072,740; 7,061,200; 7,054,718; 7,053,577; and 7,031,806, for more information, the entirety of which are incorporated here by reference. In some embodiments, mobility system408may include two, three, four, or more legs. Additionally, mobility system408may comprise a set of tracks similar to those found in many tanks.

Preferably, mobile unit104has the ability to attain speeds associated with high performance athletes. Because mobile unit104is intended to mimic motions of various athletes including a wide receiver, for example, realistic training of athlete102by mobile unit104can only be accomplished if mobile unit104is able to move with the same speed as a typical, or even elite, wide receiver. Generally, the fastest a human can run is in the range of 10-12 meters per second, and this is generally for very short periods of time. Although it is unlikely that an average wide receiver or other athletes will run at these speeds, especially for any extended period of time, the value of 13 meters per second may serve as an upper bound on the range of speeds which mobile unit104may be expected to achieve. In other words, it is preferable that mobility system408include provisions for propelling mobile unit104at any speed between 0 and 13 meters per second.

Training system100may also include provisions for monitoring athlete102during a training session. Preferably, this monitoring is performed by mobile unit104. In some embodiments, athlete102may be associated with sensor system492designed to transmit and/or receive information between athlete102and mobile unit104. In this embodiment, sensor system492includes sensor harness493, including front sensor494. Sensor system492also includes footwear sensor495that may be disposed within any part of article of footwear496.

Front sensor494and footwear sensor495may be configured to transmit and/or receive information related to GPS data as well as RFID data. For example, sensors494and495may be configured to receive GPS information regarding the location of athlete102from GPS system481and then transmit this information to mobile unit104. In another example, practice field106may include a network of RFID tags configured to transmit location related information. As athlete102moves through the network of RFID tags, sensors494and495may receive this location information and transmit it to mobile unit104.

Additionally, front sensor494and footwear sensor495may be configured to transmit any signal that may be received by mobile unit104using one of the various receiving devices previously discussed. In some cases, by transmitting a simple signal at any desired frequency, mobile unit104may use this transmitted information to determine the location of athlete102on practice field106. In some cases, optical information received by optical device462may be used in conjunction with a simple transmission signal to more accurately determine the location of athlete102.

The configuration of sensor system492shown in this embodiment is only intended to illustrate the various types and locations of sensors that may be associated with athlete102. In other embodiments, more than two sensors may be used, or only a single sensor may be used. Additionally, the location of sensors comprising sensor system492may vary from the preferred embodiment.

Mobile unit104may also be associated with computer482. The term ‘computer’ refers to any device including a central processing unit, some kind of memory, a user interface and mechanisms for input/output. Computer482can be a portable computer, for example, a laptop, notebook or Personal Data Assistant (PDA). Computer482can include a database, generally residing in a mass storage device like a hard disk drive or an optical storage device. The term “computer” refers to the computing resources of a single computer, a portion of the computing resources of a single computer, and/or two or more computers in communication with one another, also any of these resources can be operated by one or more human users. In an exemplary embodiment, computer482includes a personal computer.

In some embodiments, mobile unit104may communicate with computer482via a wireless network, including but not limited to any broadband wireless access network or a high bandwidth packet switched network using, for example, any one of the following standards: IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, and/or IEEE 802.11g, commonly referred to as WiFi, IEEE 802.16a, referred to as WiMAX. Computer482and mobile unit104may also communicate via the Bluetooth protocol.

Preferably, computer482may assist control unit402in processing and/or storing information gathered by mobile unit104. In some embodiments, computer482may be used as an interface to program mobile unit104as well as receive information from mobile unit104regarding the performance of athlete102.

In some embodiments, mobile unit104may be programmed to follow a particular path for training athlete102, as designated by a trainer or coach.FIG. 5is a flow diagram of a preferred system and method for creating a training path. The following steps are preferably implemented by a coach or trainer that has knowledge of the training needs of athlete102. However, in other embodiments, these steps may be implemented by athlete102or anyone else.

During a first step502, trainer500preferably creates and/or receives a training regiment for athlete102. In some embodiments, trainer500may design a training regiment using general knowledge of athlete102as well as other information. In other embodiments, trainer500may receive a training regiment from an outside source, such as a book, the internet or another trainer. Preferably, trainer500then proceeds to create a path for mobile unit104that is based on the training regiment, during a second step504. For example, if the training regiment is a set of sprinting exercises and a set of lateral running exercises, trainer500may create a path for mobile unit104that incorporates long linear paths and several lateral paths.

In another example, shown inFIG. 6, trainer500has created path600to include first linear portions601, second linear portion602, third linear portion603, lateral portion604, as well as banking portion605and fourth linear portion606. Additionally, path600is configured to include several sharp turns610. Using this training configuration, athlete102may be trained in linear speed as well as bank speed and turning speed.

In some embodiments, path600may be created using a simple graphical program that is preferably configured to run on computer482and be transmitted to mobile unit104. In other embodiments, trainer500may designate path600using display device472and/or input device476of mobile unit104. During a third, and final, step506, trainer500may submit path600to mobile unit104. In some embodiments this may be achieved by using computer482to submit path600to mobile unit104. In cases where trainer500is designing path600using display device472and/or input device476of mobile unit104, trainer500may press a ‘submit’ button to finalize the design.

It should be understood thatFIG. 6represents a possible embodiment of path600as created by trainer500. In some embodiments, path600may be submitted to mobile unit104with additional information. For example, information regarding field boundaries, intermediate markers, preferred speeds, as well as other preferences associated with the envisioned training route may be submitted. For example, in some embodiments, trainer500may submit additional instructions that mobile unit104should pause for 5 seconds at halfway mark620. This command may facilitate training athlete102in acceleration and deceleration. Preferably, mobile unit104is configured to receive additional types of information.

FIG. 7is a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the processes associated with mobile unit104, once a training session has started. Preferably, mobile unit104receives path information during step702, after it has been submitted to mobile unit104by trainer500. It should be understood that in other embodiments, path information could come from elsewhere besides trainer500. In some embodiments, a predefined path could be selected by mobile unit104, either randomly or on the basis of some input received at input device476. For example, mobile unit104could be preprogrammed by a manufacturer with multiple training paths that are configured to be used on fields of various sizes.

Next, the current location of mobile unit104may be determined during step704. This information may be received by GPS, preprogrammed coordinates, or using another method. In some embodiments, the current location of mobile system104may be stored in database490during step704.

Once mobile unit104has received the path information and determined a current location, it may start moving during step706. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may wait to start moving until it has received a ‘start’ command from athlete102or trainer500. This ‘start’ command could be implemented using a vocal command that would be received by microphone434, for example. In other embodiments, trainer500may transmit a ‘start’ command from computer482or even a separate remote of some kind.

As mobile unit104moves, its current location is determined during step708. The location of mobile unit104may be determined using various methods. In some embodiments, the absolute location of mobile unit104may be determined using a GPS system, when mobile unit104includes GPS capabilities. In other embodiments, the location of mobile unit104with respect to practice field106may be determined using various methods, including, as previously discussed, a network of RFID tags associated with practice field106, which may transmit location information signals that may be received by mobile unit104. Additionally, the relative location of mobile unit104with respect to a starting point may be inferred by keeping track of how far it has traveled as well as any turns it has taken. Preferably, the location of mobile unit104is stored in database490during step710. In other embodiments, mobile unit104may send the location information to computer482or to another device such as a remote database during step710.

Presumably, athlete102may chase mobile unit104once mobile unit104is moving, as seen inFIGS. 1 and 2. During step712, mobile unit104may receive various information about athlete102, especially with respect to the location and/or speed of athlete102, as previously discussed in reference to sensor system492. Information regarding the location of athlete102is preferably stored in a similar manner to the information regarding the location of mobile unit104, during step710.

In some embodiments, additional information associated with athlete102may be received and/or stored. For example, an athlete's current speed, trajectory or other information may also be determined and stored. In a preferred embodiment, only the location of athlete102, and the time the information is received may be necessary. From this location and time information, speeds, accelerations and other information may be later calculated and analyzed.

After step712, mobile unit104preferably determines if it has completed the training path during step714. If not, it continues moving along the training path during step716, and proceeds to step708once again. Generally, this sequence of determining the locations of mobile unit104and athlete102, as well as storing the location and/or other information, progresses very rapidly. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may cycle through steps708,710,712,714and716hundreds or even thousands of times a second. In this sense, athlete102and mobile unit104may function as a telemetry system that is rapidly transmitting and receiving information in an attempt to precisely and accurately measure and record an athlete's motion during a training session.

When mobile unit104has finally completed the training path, it will preferably proceed from step714to step718, where it may send all the information that it has gathered during the training session to computer482. In other embodiments, the information may be viewed using display device472of mobile unit104. This compiled information may be used by a trainer or coach to study the performance of athlete102and perhaps make adjustments to the training regiment.

In an alternative embodiment, mobile unit104may include provisions for automatically adjusting its speed along a path.FIG. 8is an example of a training session where mobile unit104is so far ahead of athlete102that athlete102is running along straight path segment804to catch up, rather than performing lateral movements and turns along diagonal path segment802of path800.

FIG. 9is a flow chart of an alternative embodiment of a process or method associated with mobile unit104, where mobile unit104may automatically adjust its speed depending on the distance between athlete102and mobile unit104. Generally, mobile unit104proceeds, as discussed in the previous embodiment, through steps702,704,706,708,710and712until step714. At this point, if mobile unit104has not reached the end of the training path, mobile unit104may proceed to step902. During step902, mobile unit104may evaluate its distance from athlete102. If the athlete is close, mobile unit104may proceed to step904, where mobile unit104increases its speed in order to keep from being caught by athlete102. The term ‘close’ here may refer to a predefined distance. Otherwise, mobile unit104may proceed to step906. During step906, mobile unit104decreases its speed to prevent athlete102from lagging too far behind. After either step904or906, mobile unit104may proceed to step716and then to step708. As with the previous embodiment, mobile unit104may cycle through steps708,710,712,714,902,904,906and716until the end of the training path is reached. Generally, this sequence of determining the locations of mobile unit104and athlete102, as well as storing the location and/or information, progresses very rapidly, as previously discussed.

When mobile unit104has finally completed the training path, it will preferably proceed from step714to step718, where it may send all the information that it has gathered during the training session to computer482. In other embodiments, the information may be viewed using display device472of mobile unit104.

Referring back toFIG. 8, path810represents the path taken by athlete102when mobile unit104has slowed down enough to keep athlete102close behind. Path810is preferably similar to path800, which may facilitate in training athlete102in sharp turning.

FIG. 10is a preferred embodiment of performance report1000that may be compiled using information gathered by mobile unit104during the training session. Report1000may be processed by trainer500using computer482, or in some embodiments, report1000may be processed directly by mobile unit104. Report1000includes several athletic skills under column1002that may be evaluated via the training session with mobile unit104. Examples of athletic skills seen in this embodiment include: top linear speed, top linear acceleration, top lateral speed, top left turning speed, top right turning speed as well as other athletic skills. The reported values, shown in column1004, allow trainer500to evaluate athlete102with respect to various athletic skills.

In some embodiments, mobile unit104may include provisions for dynamically choosing a training path. In other words, mobile unit104may select its own training path that depends on dynamic conditions such as the current location of athlete102and/or boundaries of practice field106. For example, in some cases, mobile unit104may randomly generate a training path that begins at its current location along practice field106. Before mobile unit104proceeds, it may be important to determine if executing the currently selected training path would lead if off of practice field106. Just as a real football player would know to stay in bounds during a game, mobile unit104must be able to execute self selected training paths without going out of bounds in order to realistically train athlete102.

FIG. 11is a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of a method or process used by mobile unit104to choose and execute a training path on the basis of dynamic conditions such as athlete location and boundary locations. During step1102, mobile unit104preferably creates a new training path. Referring toFIG. 12, step1102of selecting a new training path may be further broken down into sub-steps. Beginning with sub-step1202of step1102, mobile unit104may determine its own location and the location of athlete102using any of the methods previously discussed. Following this, during sub-step1204, mobile unit104may generate a new training path. This new training path may be generated using any process, including processes that generate substantially random training paths.

At this point, the training path must be further analyzed to determine if the path is permitted by a predetermined set of dynamic conditions. Two such dynamic conditions have been previously discussed. One condition, illustrated inFIG. 13, is that mobile unit104should always move in a direction that is ‘away from’ athlete102. Because mobile unit104is training athlete102to chase, it would be an undesirable consequence for mobile unit104to execute a training path that leads directly back to athlete102. Therefore, in some embodiments, the first dynamic condition may be a rule that requires mobile unit104to choose a new training path that has a first trajectory aimed away from athlete102.

Following sub-step1204, mobile unit104proceeds to sub-step1206of determining if the direction of the new path is away from the athlete. If the new training path meets this dynamic condition of being directed away from athlete102, mobile unit104may proceed to sub-step1208, otherwise mobile unit104proceeds back to sub-step1204, where a new training path is generated. Generally, mobile unit104may loop through steps1204and1206until it selects a path that meets the required condition of moving away from athlete102.

InFIG. 13, mobile unit104is disposed at end point1302of first training path1304, with athlete102close behind moving along second path1306. In order to move away from athlete102, mobile unit104will preferably only consider a new training path directed along a 180 degree arc1308from first axis1310. In this embodiment, first axis1310is perpendicular to second axis1312that is directed away from athlete102. In other words, mobile unit104may only consider moving in directions in front of first axis1310and may not consider moving in directions behind first axis1310. Alternatively, mobile unit104could also be programmed to consider only new training paths with first trajectories along 90 degree arc1320as well as any other arc of directions.

Once mobile unit104has proceeded to sub-step1208, it may check to see if executing the currently generated training path would move mobile unit104out of the boundaries associated with practice field106. Mobile unit104may determine the location of predefined boundaries using various methods. In one embodiment, the boundaries of practice field106may be defined using first boundary marker120, second boundary marker121, third boundary marker122and fourth boundary marker123, as seen inFIGS. 1 and 2. These boundary markers may transmit radio signals or other types of signals that communicate with mobile unit104. In other embodiments, mobile unit104may include a predefined map of practice field106. Therefore, knowing the current location of mobile unit104on practice field106allows mobile unit104to determine the relative locations of the boundaries.

In cases where the currently generated path crosses over one or more boundaries of practice field106, it may proceed to back sub-step1204of generating a new training path. Thus, steps1204,1206and1208may proceed until a new training path has been selected that meets the necessary dynamic conditions. If the currently generated training path does not cross over the boundaries of practice field106, mobile unit104may proceed to a final sub-step1210, where the currently generated path may be selected for execution by mobile unit104.

FIG. 14illustrates a case where mobile unit104must select between two possible training paths on the basis of boundary conditions. In this embodiment, first path1402is directed across field boundary1404, while second path1406is disposed entirely within practice field106and does not cross field boundary1404. Therefore, in this embodiment, mobile unit104must select second path1406in order to avoid crossing field boundary1404.

The consideration of boundaries and that requirement that mobile unit104should always move away from athlete102are only meant to be exemplary conditions for selecting training paths. In other embodiments, other conditions may be used to determine the subsequent paths taken by mobile unit104during a practice session. In some embodiments, boundaries may be ignored, and mobile unit104may move in any direction.

Referring back toFIG. 11, once mobile unit104has created and selected a new training path during step1102, mobile unit104may then proceed to execute this new training path and start moving during step1104. If the training session has just started, mobile unit104may wait to start moving until it has received a ‘start’ command from athlete102or trainer500. This ‘start’ command could be implemented using a vocal command that would be received by microphone434. In other embodiments, trainer500may transmit a ‘start’ command from computer482or even a separate remote of some kind.

As mobile unit104moves, its current location is determined during step1106. The location of mobile unit104may be determined using any of the previously described methods. Preferably, the location of mobile unit104may stored in database490during step1108. In other embodiments, mobile unit104may send the location information to computer482or to another device such as a remote database.

Presumably, athlete102may chase mobile unit104once mobile unit104is moving, as seen inFIGS. 1 and 2. During step1110, mobile unit104may receive various information about athlete102, especially with respect to the location and/or speed of athlete102, as previously discussed in reference to sensor system492. Information regarding the location of athlete102is preferably stored in a similar manner to the information regarding the location of mobile unit104, during step1108.

In some embodiments, additional information associated with athlete102may be received and/or stored. For example, an athlete's current speed, trajectory or other information may also be determined and stored. In a preferred embodiment, only the location of athlete102, and the time the information was received may be necessary. From this location and time information, speeds, accelerations and other information may be later calculated and analyzed.

Following step1110, mobile unit104may proceed to step1112. At this point, mobile unit104may determine if it has reached the end of the new training path. If mobile unit104has not reached the end of the new training path, it may proceed to step1116and continue moving along the new training path. As with the previous embodiments, mobile unit104may proceed through a rapid cycle of steps1106,1108,1110,1112and1116until it reaches the end of the new training path. Additionally, in some embodiments, mobile unit104may adjust its speed depending on how far mobile unit104is from athlete102. This may be achieved by methods or processes discussed in previous embodiments.

When mobile unit104has reached the end of the new training path, during step1112, it may proceed to step1118. During step1118, mobile unit determines if a control signal has been sent to stop the training session. This control signal may be sent by athlete102, trainer500or anyone else. Furthermore, this control signal may be an electronic signal, a vocal signal or any other kind of signal. If a control signal has not been received, mobile unit104will proceed to step1102where it will choose a new training path on the basis of dynamic conditions, as previously discussed. Mobile unit104may then cycle through steps1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1116and1118indefinitely. Generally, this process continues until a control signal has been received to stop the training session at step1118. At this point, mobile unit104may proceed to step1120and send information about athlete102to computer482. In some embodiments, a performance report may be generated, during or after step1120, that is similar to performance report1000ofFIG. 10.

In some embodiments, mobile unit104may include provisions for adapting its movement based on more complicated dynamic conditions such as the athlete's overall performance. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may ‘learn’ an athlete's strengths and/or weaknesses and adjust the current training path to stress various athletic skills such as linear speed, left/right turning speed, linear acceleration and other similar athletic skills. The term ‘learn’ refers to general computational processes associated with pattern recognition, as well as other processes associated with known algorithms used in the field of machine learning. Generally, any type of learning algorithms may be used, including algorithms associated with the following types of learning: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, transduction and learning to learn algorithms.

FIG. 15is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method or process associated with mobile unit104. During a first step1502, mobile unit104preferably creates and executes an initial training path. Step1502may be performed according to any of the processes or methods previously discussed with respect to creating and selecting a training path. In some embodiments, the initial training path may not be created by mobile unit104, but instead designed and submitted to mobile unit104by a trainer, coach or the athlete. The training path may be any length and last any amount of time. Preferably, the training path lasts long enough and includes several types of motions associated with various athletic skills, so that mobile unit104has enough data to analyze the performance of athlete102.

During a second step1504, mobile unit104preferably monitors athlete102. This step may be similar to, and comprise many steps such as those discussed in the previous embodiments with respect to determining the athlete's location, speed, the location of mobile unit104as well as storing this information. In particular, second step1504may incorporate all or some of steps1106,1108,1110,1112and1116, associated with a previous embodiment and illustrated inFIG. 11.

At a predetermined point in the training session, mobile unit104preferably proceeds to third step1506. During this step1506, mobile unit104may analyze some or all of the data associated with the motion of athlete102. For example, mobile unit104may determine the top linear speed, top lateral speed, as well as top linear and lateral accelerations achieved by athlete102. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may further process this information using various types of pattern recognition algorithms as are commonly known in the field of machine learning, including, but not limited to clustering algorithms, neural network algorithms, genetic algorithms, linear discriminant algorithms, Monet Carlo algorithms, Markov Chain algorithms, as well as other types of algorithms.

FIG. 16is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the sub-processes associated with third step1506. During sub-step1602, the performances of athlete102with respect to each different athletic skill may be determined. In other words, the top linear speed, top turning speed and the top linear acceleration of athlete102may be determined, as well as results for other athletic skills. Following sub-step1602, mobile unit104may proceed to sub-step1604.

Preferably, during sub-step1604, the results of athlete102associated with different athletic skills are ranked. In some embodiments, this ranking may be relative. In other words, mobile unit104may determine which athletic skills athlete102is better at and which athletic skills athlete102is worse at, when considering only the performance results of athlete102. For example, if athlete102has a right turning speed of 7 meters per second and a left turning speed of 8 meters per second, mobile unit104may rank the athlete's performance in right turning speed as better than the performance in left turning speed. In this case, mobile unit104preferably moves to from sub-step1604sub-step1606.

In other embodiments, mobile unit104may include a set of pre-programmed values that may be compared with the results achieved by athlete102. For example, a trainer or coach may want athlete102to be able to run a minimum of 8 meters per second, or 100 meters in 10 seconds. Therefore, mobile unit104may use this information to rank the linear speed of an athlete depending on how the athlete's linear speed compares with the linear speed expected by the coach. In this case, mobile unit104preferably proceeds from sub-step1604to sub-step1608.

Finally, mobile unit104preferably proceeds to sub-step1610by way of either sub-step1606or sub-step1608. During sub-step1610, mobile unit104preferably selects one or more of the weaknesses of athlete102, based on either relative or absolute ranking of the results for each athletic skill.

Referring back toFIG. 15, mobile unit104may proceed to fourth step1508, following third step1506. During fourth step1508, mobile unit104may create a new training path based on one or more of the weaknesses of athlete102.

FIG. 17is a preferred embodiment of mobile unit104once it has completed first training path1702and determined one or more weaknesses of athlete102as athlete102moves along chasing path1703. Second path1704, third path1706and fourth path1708represent possible training paths that may be selected by mobile unit104. In this embodiment, second path1704includes left banking portion1705, and therefore second path1704may be useful in training an athlete with poor left banking speed. Third path1706is a straight linear path, and therefore may be most useful in training an athlete with poor linear speed. Fourth path1708includes short lateral portions1709, and therefore may be useful in training an athlete with poor lateral speed and/or turning speed.

In another embodiment, seen inFIG. 18, mobile unit104may select a more sophisticated training path to stress the weaknesses of athlete102. In this embodiment, future training path1802preferably includes first linear portion1804, second linear portion1806and third linear portion1808, as well as lateral portion1810and banking portion1812. Path1802may be useful in training an athlete with deficiencies in linear speed and banking speed.

Preferably, mobile unit104continues to learn the strengths and weaknesses of athlete102during the entire training session. In some embodiments, mobile unit104may generate additional training paths, without end, with each training path based on deficiencies learned by monitoring athlete on previous paths. For example, inFIG. 19, mobile unit104may start with first path1902, that is generated randomly. Following this, mobile unit104learns the weaknesses of athlete102, using the methods and processes described in earlier embodiments, and generates second path1904to stress these weaknesses. Once mobile unit104has reached the end of second path1904, it may re-evaluate the performance of athlete102and determine a next training path1906, to stress weaknesses learned during execution of first path1902and second path1904.

In an alternative embodiment, mobile unit104may be configured to chase athlete102, rather than be chased by athlete102. In such embodiments, mobile unit104will not predetermine possible training paths or receive a fixed training path, but rather will adjust its motion according to the motions of athlete102.

In the previous embodiments, mobile unit104included a mobility system that was ground-based. The mobility system included wheels or legs, for example. In some cases, a mobile unit could include an air-based mobility system. The term ‘air-based mobility system’ refers to any mobility system where the mobile unit does not touch the ground. The following detailed description refers to various embodiments of air-based mobility systems associated with a mobile unit for the purposes of adaptive training.

Throughout the remainder of this detailed description only variations in the type of mobility system associated with a mobile unit are discussed. It should be understood, however, that each of the mobile units discussed may be configured with similar provisions as those associated with the mobile unit of the previous embodiment. Preferably, each mobile unit of the following embodiments is generally identical to mobile unit104as discussed with reference toFIG. 4, except for the type of mobility system being employed. In other words, each mobile unit is preferably associated with some or all of the cameras, sensors, transmitters/receivers, data bases, remote computers and other similar provisions associated with mobile unit104of the previous embodiment.

Furthermore, throughout the remainder of this detailed description, each of the following embodiments may also include provisions associated with an athlete similar to those discussed with respect toFIG. 4. For example, in each of the following embodiments the athlete may be configured with an assortment of sensors, including GPS and RFID sensors, as well as transmitters and receivers configured to communicate with the mobile unit. Additionally, each of the practice fields discussed in the following embodiments may include some, all, or none of the provisions previously discussed for facilitating a training system, such as RFID or similar beacons configured to allow the mobile unit to determine absolute positions of the mobile unit and the athlete on the practice field.

Using these provisions associated with mobile unit104, each of the mobile units of the following embodiments is preferably configured to monitor an athlete and adjust the motion of the mobile unit accordingly in order to adaptively train the athlete, as previously discussed. In other words, each of the methods for adaptively training an athlete that were discussed in the previous embodiments may be applied to the mobile units of the following embodiments. Furthermore, each of the mobile units of the following embodiments may include provisions that allow a pre-designated training path, that is submitted by a coach or other user, to be executed. Each of the mobile units of the following embodiments may also execute randomized paths and preferably include provisions for determining when or if the athlete is nearby in order to avoid getting ‘caught’, as discussed in the previous embodiments.

FIGS. 20-22are a preferred embodiment of training system2000. As with the previous embodiments, training system2000preferably includes practice field2002. For the purposes of clarity, practice field2002is shown here as a football field. In other embodiments, practice field2002could be any other type of practice field, including the various examples listed in previous embodiments such as football fields, soccer pitches or fields, lacrosse fields, basketball courts, as well as other types of fields and/or courts including any type of open space that may be used for training purposes.

Preferably, training system2000may also include mobile unit2006configured to train athlete2004. As with the previous embodiments, training system2000is preferably configured so that athlete2004chases mobile unit2006on practice field2002. Preferably, during this chasing activity, mobile unit2006is always moving in a way to avoid being caught by athlete2004. As mobile unit2006constantly changes direction and/or speed, athlete2004must adjust to the new direction and speed in an attempt to catch mobile unit2006. Preferably, mobile unit2006moves in a way so that, as athlete2004follows mobile unit2006, athlete2004is moving linearly, laterally, accelerating and decelerating over the course of a training session.

In the current embodiment, mobile unit2006may be associated with mobility system2008. Mobility system2008may be a cable-based mobility system. Cable-based mobility systems are known in the art and examples of various types can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,975,089 and 7,127,998, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In the current embodiment, mobility system2008includes a plurality of support members. In some embodiments, mobility system2008may include four support members, including first support member2011, second support member2012, third support member2013and fourth support member2014. Preferably, first support member2011may be associated with first corner2021of practice field2002. Likewise, second support member2012, third support member2013and fourth support member2014may be associated with second corner2022, third corner2023and fourth corner2024, respectively. In other embodiments, support members2011-2014could be placed anywhere along or outside of practice field2002.

Although the preferred embodiment includes four support members, in other embodiments a different number of support members may be used. Preferably, at least three support members are used in order to provide for a full range of motion. Furthermore, support members2011-2014could be any structures configured for support, including columns, posts and towers. In some embodiments, support members2011-2014may not be oriented vertically, but could be horizontal disposed or cantilever-like, including bases that are fixed to a portion of any stands surrounding practice field2002.

Preferably, support members2011-2014may be associated with cable system2030. Cable system2030preferably includes a plurality of cables. The cables comprising cable system2030could be made of any material that is strong enough to hold mobile unit2006. Examples of materials include, but are not limited to, steel cables, steel chains, bungee cords as well as other types of materials.

The cables comprising cable system2030can be divided into several portions, including first cable portion2041, second cable portion2042, third cable portion2043, fourth cable portion2044, fifth cable portion2045, sixth cable portion2046, and seventh cable portion2047. First cable portion2041extends between first support member2011and fourth support member2014. Second cable portion2042extends between first support member2011and second support member2012. Third cable portion2043extends between second support member2012and third support member2013. Fourth cable portion2044extends between first support member2011and mobile unit2006. Fifth cable portion2045extends between second support member2012and mobile unit2006. Sixth cable portion2046extends between third support member2013and mobile unit2006. Seventh cable portion2047extends between fourth support member2014and mobile unit2006. Generally, cable portions2041-2043are fixed in length, because the distances between an two support members2011-2014is fixed in length. However, the lengths of cable portions2044-2047may be made to vary, as will be discussed.

For the purposes of clarity, each cable portion2041-2047are illustrated here as single cables. In some embodiments, each cable portion2041-2047may comprise two or more cables in parallel.

In the preferred embodiment, mobile unit2006hangs between cable portions2044-2047. This configuration may be achieved by using line support members2049. Line support members2049are preferably configured to allow cable portions2044-2047to slide or move with respect to mobile unit2006while also allowing mobile unit2006to hang on cable portions2044-2047.

Mobility system2008preferably includes pulley system2034, comprising a plurality of pulleys associated with support members2011-2014. Pulley system2034may facilitate the movement of the cables comprising cable system2030between support members2011-2014. Pulley system2034may include pulleys disposed at the top of each support member2011-2014. Pulley system2034may also comprise various pulleys disposed along the length of one or more support members2011-2014.

Mobility system2008preferably also includes cable driver2032. Cable driver2032is configured to receive at least one of the plurality of cables comprising cable system2030. Cable driver2032is preferably motorized and may be used to pull the cables comprising cable system2030. As cable driver2032pulls on the cables comprising cable system2030, these cables may move over the pulleys comprising pulley system2034for near-frictionless motion between support members2011-2014. In some embodiments, cable driver2032may be configured to supply additional cable to, or retract cable from, cable system2030. In other words, in some cases, the total length of all the cables comprising cable system2030may be varied.

FIGS. 20-22are intended to illustrate how the location of mobile unit2006varies as the lengths of cable portions2044-2047are varied using cable driver2032. This detailed description is only intended to emphasize the general features of mobility system2008. The previously discussed disclosures regarding cable-based mobility systems may be referred to for a detailed arrangement of cables, pulleys and a cable driving system in order to achieve movement, as well as possible variations of cable and pulley arrangements.

InFIG. 20, mobile unit2006is preferably disposed in an initial position that is associated with first position2050in the center of practice field2002. In this embodiment, each of the cable portions2044-2047is associated with an identical length L1. It should be understood that because cable portions2044-2047are not parallel to practice field2002, the lengths L1will be slightly greater than the distances D1between each support member2011-2014and first position2050.

Referring toFIG. 21, mobile unit2006may be moved from a first position2050to a second position2052, along a first path2055, by actuating cable driver2032to pull cable system2030so that the lengths of cable portions2044-2047are modified in order to achieve this repositioning. In this embodiment, when mobile unit2006is at a second position2052, fourth cable portion2044has a length of L2, fifth cable portion2045has a length of L3, sixth cable portion2046has a length of L4and seventh cable portion2047has a length of L5. Generally, lengths L2and L3may be shorter than lengths L4and L5.

Referring toFIG. 22, mobile unit2006may be moved from second position2052to third position2054, along second path2057, by further actuation of cable driver2032in order to modify the lengths of cable portions2044-2047. In this embodiment, when mobile unit2006is at third position2054, fourth cable portion2044has a length L6, fifth cable portion2045has a length L7, sixth cable portion2046has a length L8and seventh cable portion2047has a length L9.

FIG. 23is a top down view of the path that is traced out by mobile unit2006as projected onto practice field2002during the previous steps. This path demonstrates that a cable-based mobility system may be used in a manner similar to wheel-based mobility systems used in the previous embodiments for transporting a mobile unit. Assuming that mobile unit2006is fixed at eye-level, or includes a portion that extends downwards to eye-level or below, athlete2004may easily chase mobile unit2006in a manner similar to the way athlete102chased mobile unit104in the previous embodiment (seeFIGS. 1-2). Using this configuration, athlete2004may be monitored for weaker athletic skill types and the training paths executed by mobile unit2006may be adjusted accordingly. Also, in some embodiments, athlete2004may chase mobile unit2006over a designated training path, or a randomized training path, as is discussed on previous embodiments.

Preferably the transitions between first position2050to second position2052and between second position2052and third position2054may be performed so that the movement of mobile unit2006is smooth and not jerky. Additionally, these movements may be performed quickly, at speeds relevant to training an athlete. The uses of similar cable-based mobility systems for controlling the location of overhead cameras at various sporting events attest to the ability of such systems to achieve fast and smooth motions. In particular, using this type of cable-based mobility system, any type of training path over practice field2002may be executed by mobile unit2006, including the exemplary paths discussed in the previous embodiments

In the current embodiment, the movement of mobile unit2006is controlled using cable driver2032and cable system2030. Referring toFIG. 24, cable driver2032is actuated by a control unit associated with mobile unit2006. In a preferred embodiment, mobile unit2006includes control unit2402configured to communicate with cable driver2032wirelessly. In other embodiments, fiber optic cables could be associated with cable system2030, allowing for a fiber optic connection between mobile unit2006and cable driver2032. In particular, control unit2402could communicate with cable driver2032using fiber optic communication.

The current embodiment is only intended as an example of a mobility system that incorporates the use of cables. Generally, any arrangement of cables, support members and systems for driving the cables that allow a mobile unit to be moved across the entirety of a field may be used.

In some embodiments, mobile unit2006may be maintained at or around the ‘eye-level’ of the athlete. In some cases, however, this may not be feasible or desirable, due to constraints associated with mobility system2008. Instead, in some embodiments, various objects may be associated with, and configured to hang below, mobile unit2006.

FIG. 25is a preferred embodiment of mobile unit2006including dummy2502. Dummy2502may be configured to look like an athlete, increasing the realism of this adaptive training method. In some embodiments, dummy2502may include a just a head, or another shape altogether, such as a circle including a two-dimensional face. Generally, any kind of object could be hung from mobile unit2006that may help focus athlete2004on following after mobile unit2006, especially in cases where mobile unit2006may be at a height far above athlete2004. In some embodiments, multiple shapes and/or forms may be associated with mobile unit2006, each shape and/or form being separately detachable from mobile unit2006using hooks, Velcro or similar methods of attachment.

This preferred arrangement allows for increased realism during training, as athlete2004may chase an object that more closely resembles another athlete. Furthermore, hanging objects may be used with any air-based mobile unit, including mobile units associated with any type of air-based mobility system and are not limited to mobile units associated with cable-based mobility systems.

The preceding embodiment utilizes a particular example of a cable-based mobility system in order to achieve adaptive training of athlete2004using mobile unit2006. In other embodiments, various other cable-based mobility systems could be used to move a mobile unit. Furthermore, other types of air-based mobility systems, especially various types of suspension systems, could be used to move a mobile unit.

FIG. 26is a preferred embodiment of training system2600that is configured to train athlete2604. Preferably, training system2600includes mobile unit2606. Mobile unit2606preferably includes a control unit, as well as other provisions that have been previously discussed, configured to monitor athlete2604and move mobile unit2606in a way that adaptively trains athlete2604.

In the current embodiment, the motion of mobile unit2606is preferably controlled by mobility system2608. Mobility system2608may be a track-based system. Preferably, mobility system2608comprises a first track2611and a second track2612that are supported by first track support member2621, second track support member2622, third track support member2623and fourth track support member2624. Additionally, mobility system2608may comprise third track2613that is disposed between, and perpendicular to, first track2611and second track2612. Furthermore, mobility system2608preferably includes vertical support2630, configured to connect mobile unit2606with third track2613.

Preferably, third track2613may be configured to move with respect to tracks2611and2612, in a direction parallel to tracks2611and2612. Likewise, vertical support2630may be configured to move with respect to third track2613in a direction parallel to third track2613. Third track2613and vertical support2630may move using a motorized track system of some kind. Details of one type of track system can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,568,189, the entirety of which is incorporated here by reference.

Using mobility system2608, mobile unit2606may be configured to move with respect to practice field2602in a manner that allows athlete2604to chase mobile unit2606. It is clear from this preferred configuration that mobile unit2606may be moved to any location just above practice field2602. Furthermore, as with the previous cable-based mobility system, mobility system2608can be configured for quick and smooth movements, allowing for an effective training system2600.

The mobile units of the previous embodiments made use of suspension systems. In other embodiments, the mobile unit of a training system may not be suspended using tracks or cables, but instead may float, fly, or hover using various provisions associated with air-borne devices. The following embodiments, seen inFIGS. 27-28, are intended to illustrate various types of air-based mobility systems that may be used to move mobile units. It should be understood that each of the following mobility systems can be used with a mobile unit that is further associated with a control unit and one or more provisions for monitoring an athlete and/or a mobile unit, including provisions for storing, sending and receiving various kinds of information associated with the motion of the athlete or mobile unit. In other words, the following embodiments are each configurable and intended to be used in association with an adaptive training system in a similar manner to training systems previously discussed.

FIG. 27is a preferred embodiment of training system2700. Preferably, training system2700includes mobile unit2706that is configured to train athlete2704on practice field2702. Preferably, mobile unit2706includes mobility system2708configured to move or transport mobile unit2706across practice field2702.

In the current embodiment, mobility system2708is a balloon-based system. Preferably, mobile unit is attached to balloon2712. Balloon2712may be any type of balloon configured to carry mobile unit2706. In the current embodiment, balloon2712has a blimp-like shape, however in other embodiments, balloon2712could have any shape.

Preferably, balloon2712may be filled with hydrogen, helium, or another lightweight gas that allows for flotation of mobile unit at or around eye-level. Mobility system2708also preferably includes provisions for horizontal motion along a plane parallel to practice field2702. In the current embodiment, these provisions include first fan2714and second fan2716, configured to project balloon2712and mobile unit2706in a forward and/or rearward direction, depending on the speed and direction of rotation of fans2714and2716. Additionally, by running fans2714and2716at different speeds, balloon2712and mobile unit2706may be rotated, allowing for turning.

Other examples of ‘floating robots’ are known and can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,904, the entirety of which is incorporated here by reference. Additionally, in other embodiments, mobile unit2706could be attached to other flying devices. In an alternative embodiment, for example, mobile unit2706could be attached to remote controlled helicopter2800, as seen inFIG. 28.

Generally, mobile unit2706could be used with any of these various types of flying mobility systems. As with the previous embodiments, the motion of these mobility systems could be controlled by a control unit associated with mobile unit2706, according to information received from various sensors regarding the motion of athlete2704.

In some embodiments, a mobile unit could be configured to train an ice skater or hockey player, using a mobility system that could move around on ice. In one embodiment, mobile unit2906could be associated with hover craft2900, as seen inFIG. 29. Hover craft2900is preferably configured to slide around over ice rink2902, allowing athlete2904to chase hover craft2900, including mobile unit2906. As with the previous embodiments, mobile unit2906is preferably associated with various provisions that allow for the monitoring of athlete2904in order to adaptively train athlete2904.

In the previous embodiments, a mobile unit was a physical object that moved around a practice field. In some embodiments, rather than using a mobile unit, that is a physical object or device, an adaptive training system may comprise a projected target. The projected target could be a beam of light, for example, that is shone on the floor of a gymnasium. As the projected target moves, the athlete could follow the motion of the projected target in a manner similar to the way the athlete would follow a three-dimensional mobile unit that moved in front of the athlete.

FIG. 30is a preferred embodiment of adaptive training system3000. Preferably, adaptive training system3000includes practice field3002. In this embodiment, practice field3000is a gymnasium floor, however in other embodiments, any type of practice field could be used. Preferably, the type of practice field used allows for easy visualization of projected light beams. In other words, preferably the lighting is dim enough and the surface is smooth enough to allow athlete3004to see a light shone on practice field3002.

In this embodiment, training system3000includes first projector3010. First projector3010may be any type of projection system, including a spotlight, a laser, or any other type of projector. In some cases, first projector3010may project an image, rather than just a beam of light. In this preferred embodiment, first projector3010may be a projector configured to shine a narrow light beam.

Preferably, projected target3012may be projected onto practice field3002using first projector3010. First projector3010may be disposed on top of first tower3020in order to increase the potential projection area. Generally, first projector3010may be disposed anywhere along practice field3002and at any height. In some cases, first projector3010may be suspended from a ceiling, in cases where practice field3002is indoors.

Preferably, training system3000also includes control unit3030. Control unit3030may include or be associated with various provisions configured to monitor athlete3004. In this embodiment, control unit3030includes camera3032. In other embodiments, control unit3030may include other provisions for monitoring the motion of athlete3004, including the provisions discussed in previous embodiments. In particular, each of the various provisions that were discussed in association with mobile unit104of a previous embodiment, including each of the provisions discussed with respect toFIG. 4, could be associated with control unit3030. It should be understood that these additional provisions are optional, and all, some or no additional provisions for monitoring athlete3004may be used in some embodiments. Furthermore, any of the sensors, receivers and/or transmission devices associated with athlete102of the previous embodiments, including the provisions discussed with respect toFIG. 4, could also be used with athlete3004in the current training system.

Training system3000may also include mobility system3040. Preferably, mobility system3040is configured to move first projector3010so that projected target3012may be moved anywhere on practice field3002. For example, by raising or lowering the angle of first projector3010, projected target3012may be moved in a direction parallel to first axis3050of practice field3002. Likewise, by turning first projector3010to the left or right, projected target3012may be moved in a direction parallel to second axis3052of practice field3002.

Mobility system3040is preferably associated with control unit3030. Control unit3030may be disposed adjacent to mobility system3040. Preferably, control unit3030is configured to control mobility system3040, based on information gathered from various sensors.

Using this configuration, athlete3004may chase projected target3012around practice field3002along various paths selected by control unit3030. As with the previous embodiments, control unit3030preferably receives information regarding the motion of athlete3004, using camera3032, for instance. In some embodiments, control unit3030may use the methods previously outlined for selecting new training paths and including training paths configured to stress weaknesses of the athlete.

Preferably, an adaptive training system includes provisions for displaying real-time information to a coach, an athlete, or a third party. In some cases, information regarding the athlete's speed, acceleration, and other performance characteristics as monitored by various sensors associated with a mobile unit may be displayed on a computer, television screens or other devices associated with a practice field.

Referring toFIG. 31, in some embodiments, real time information associated with an athlete's performance may be displayed on a computer or similar device. In the current embodiment, coach3102is standing in box suite3104of a stadium overlooking practice field3106. Preferably, athlete3108is chasing mobile unit3110on practice field3106. In this preferred embodiment, mobile unit3110is a helicopter. In other embodiments, mobile unit3110could make use of any type of mobility system, including the various mobility systems previously discussed. In still other embodiments, a projected target could be used instead of a mobile unit.

Preferably, real-time information regarding the performance of athlete3108is transmitted wirelessly to laptop3120. This real-time information could include any information received by various sensors configured to monitor the motion, and in particular the speed, of athlete3108. Using this real-time information, coach3102could, in some cases, manually edit the training path of mobile unit3110using laptop3120that is in communication with mobile unit3110. Although mobile unit3110is preferably configured to automatically adjust the training path according to the weaknesses of athlete3108, as discussed in previous embodiments, by observing athlete3108in real-time, coach3102could over-ride these automatic adjustments as well.

Referring toFIG. 32, in some embodiments real-time information associated with the performance of an athlete could be displayed on any monitors nearby a practice field. In the current embodiment, as athlete3202chases mobile unit3204on practice field3206, real-time information is displayed on large monitor3208. In some cases, large monitor3208may be a ‘jumbotron’. In other embodiments, real-time information could be displayed on various other monitors associated with practice field3206, including any screens used for advertisements during games and replay monitors that are typically used by referees during games.

In some embodiments, a mobile unit may include provisions for projecting real-time stats onto a display screen associated with the mobile unit. InFIG. 33, real-time information is scrolling across display3302of mobile unit3304. Additionally, in some embodiments, real-time information may be vocalized through speakers3306. Provisions for associating display3302and speakers3306with a mobile unit have been previously discussed. With this preferred arrangement, athlete3310could view real-time information regarding his or her current performance.