Method and apparatus for fuel injection in internal combustion engines in particular diesel engines

In the method according to the invention, the inlet pressure and the inlet cross section of the fuel pre-stored in the pump work chamber is constant, and it is solely the opening duration of an inlet valve which is electrically regulated. In addition, a shift in the instant of supply onset controlled in accordance with operating characteristics is attained by means of a variation in the return-flow fuel quantity. A shift in the instant of supply onset, which is undesired when there is a change in the quantity of fuel to be injected, is prevented by means of a simultaneously-effected correction of the return-flow fuel quantity. A fuel injection apparatus suitable for performing the method has, as the inlet valve, a magnetic valve which determines the quantity of fuel pre-stored in the pump work chamber. The rotary position of the pump piston is variable in order to shift or correct the instant of supply onset by means of an adjacent device actuated by an electromechanical adjustment element. An electric control device emitting the metering pulse and a control pulse is connected with a set-point transducer and an adjustment-path transducer of the adjustment device. The apparatus can be equipped with either a pump/nozzle or a normal piston injection pump supplying the injection nozzle via a pressure line, or with a distributor injection pump.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention is based on a method for fuel injection in internal 
combustion engines, in particular diesel engines. The quantity of fuel to 
be injected is metered before the onset of the compression stroke, at a 
regulated, preferably constant fuel inflow pressure, by a controllable 
inflow cross section of an inflow valve. This inflow valve is inserted 
into an inflow line leading to the pump work chamber of a piston injection 
pump. The end of supply is fixed by means of the relief of the pump work 
chamber and thus by means of a controlled return-flow fuel quantity. 
The invention is also based on a fuel injection apparatus for performing 
this method, which comprises a piston injection pump provided with an 
adjustment device for the correction of the end of the effective supply 
stroke. This adjustment device variably controls the relative position of 
a diversion opening and control face closing apparatus. A supply pump 
generates the necessary inflow pressure and is controlled by a regulating 
valve. 
In a fuel injection pump known from German Examined Application DE-AS 1 143 
674, the quantity of fuel to be injected is regulated, at a constant fuel 
inlet pressure, by means of the variable inlet cross section of an inlet 
valve which is embodied as a throttle element. The pump piston, which is 
provided with an oblique control edge in order to limit the effective 
supply stroke, is not, however, adjusted between idling and full load; 
instead, the oblique control edge fixes a termination of supply which 
always remains unchanged and a full-load quantity which is limited by the 
maximum possible fill level of the pump work chamber. The oblique control 
edge is capable solely of being adjusted in terms of its rotary position, 
in order to control an increased starting quantity. In this fuel injection 
pump, which is also known as an intake-throttle pump, the result is an 
injected onset which necessarily varies in accordance with the supply 
quantity; this injection onset can be corrected only via expensive 
injection adjusters, which are incorporated in the camshaft drive 
mechanism and transmit all the torque. It is the object of the invention 
to create a method for fuel injection, and apparatuses for performing this 
method, with which a change in supply onset which is either arbitrary or 
dependent on engine operating characteristics can be attained while 
retaining precise fuel-quantity metering avoiding the use of components 
which transmit drive torque. 
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The method according to the invention is different from devices of the 
prior art, at least in that during the metering of the quantity of fuel 
pre-stored in the pump work room, the inlet pressure and the inlet cross 
section are kept constant. Also, the opening duration of the inlet valve 
is regulated electrically, and a shift in the instant of supply onset is 
controlled in accordance with engine characteristics by means of a change 
in the return-flow fuel quantity. When there is a change in the fuel 
quantity to be injected, the return-flow fuel quantity is simultaneously 
corrected in accordance with the metered fuel quantity in order to prevent 
an undesired shift in the instant of supply onset. Moreover, the method is 
attained by intentionally making use of the phenomenon, known in intake 
throttle pumps but undesired therein, of the shift in supply onset in 
accordance with fuel quantity. A shift of the instant of supply onset 
which is undesired in the case of a change in the fuel quantity to be 
injected is prevented by means of a correction which is simultaneously 
effected in the return-flow fuel quantity. 
As a result of the characteristics further disclosed, advantageous 
improvements in the method described above are possible. In a method in 
which the return-flow fuel quantity is re-aspirated during a first portion 
of the intake stroke, a precise metering of the fuel quantity to be 
injected is attained solely by means of the inlet valve. In a method where 
the quantity of fuel to be injected and the fuel replacing the return flow 
quantity are metered by the inflow valve, the throttle losses which occur 
particularly at high rpm are avoided during the shutoff and re-aspiration 
of the return-flow fuel quantity. The fuel quantity metering is always 
effected with a fully opened inlet opening as controlled by the pump 
piston or a corresponding control member at the discharge location of the 
inlet line into the pump work chamber. Also, the metering is not 
influenced by pressure fluctuations, because in the resting period of the 
pump piston substantially more uniform pressure conditions are established 
than is the case when metering takes place during the course of the piston 
stroke movement. As a result of the cooperation of the pump piston 
movement and the opening duration of the inlet valve which is fixed by 
establishing a closing time subsequent to end of pre-storage as controlled 
by the pump piston, is determined solely by the instant of opening of the 
inlet valve. 
In the methods described above the metering of the fuel quantity is 
effected by means of the inlet valve into the pump work chamber, which 
during the intake stroke of the pump piston is subjected to an 
underpressure which at least approximately equals the fuel vapor pressure. 
For this reason, with an inlet pressure which is selected to be relatively 
high (50 bar, for instance), it is possible for the vapor pressure of the 
fuel, which is to be applied as a counterpressure, to be considered as a 
constant pressure value on account of its very low underpressure values. 
This is especially true when, at high rpm, an underpressure which is below 
the vapor pressure is established. However, the inlet pressure or, 
preferably, the opening duration of the inlet valve can also be corrected 
in accordance with temperature. This correction is of advantage whenever 
the inlet pressure is not at such a high level (when it is at a level of 5 
bar, for instance), so that the presure differences of vapor pressure of 
Diesel fuel (e.g., at 20.degree. C.=0.0001 bar) compared with the vapor 
pressure value at 100.degree. C.=0.05 bar of absolute pressure are already 
capable of influencing the fuel-quantity metering in a perceptible 
fashion. 
The fuel injection apparatus for performing the methods described above has 
a magnetic inflow valve which, with its opening duration (t.sub.V), 
determines the fuel quantity pre-stored in the pump work chamber. An 
adjustment device is also provided which is actuatable by an 
electromechanical adjustment element, which for the purpose of shifting 
and correcting the instant of supply onset is triggerable by means of a 
control pulse (I.sub.FB, I.sub.K). This adjustment device is dependent on 
at least one operating characteristic (Q, n, S), of an electric control 
device. Finally, the control device is connected with a set-point 
transducer and an adjustment-path transducer of the adjustment device and 
emits a metering pulse (I.sub.Z) which determines the opening duration of 
the magnetic valve. 
This apparatus enables the precise triggering of both the magnetic valve 
which determines the injection quantity and the adjusting device which 
influences the instant of supply onset. By the use of the adjustment-path 
transducer which is connected to the electric control device and with an 
adjusting device, the cross-influences of the supply quantity and the 
instant of supply onset can be compensated for by means of a precise 
mutual adaptation of the metering pulse, which determines the opening of 
duration of the magnetic valve, and the control pulse, which determines 
the instant of supply onset. In a fuel injection apparatus having a pump 
piston, provided with a first control edge which closes an inlet opening 
from the inlet line into the pump work chamber at least during the 
effective supply stroke and a second, oblique control edge embodied as an 
axial limitation of the control face. This second control edge opens the 
diversion opening located in the wall of the pump cylinder at the end of 
the effective supply stroke and can once again be closed after a first 
portion of the intake stroke to permit the re-aspiration of the 
return-flow quantity. 
The termination of supply as is known from German Examined Application No. 
DE-AS 1 143 674 as noted above, the opening duration of the magnetic valve 
advantageously determines exclusively the quantity of fuel to be 
injection. 
A fuel injection apparatus is also disclosed which provides a constant 
inlet cross section, (A.sub.Z) which is formed by the inlet opening 
embodied as a throttle bore. The flow-through cross section is smaller 
than that of the magnetic valve and of the line section which is located 
between the magnetic valve and the inlet opening. 
The pressure difference between the magnetic valve and the inlet opening is 
such that the volume of fuel in the line following the magnetic valve no 
longer has a negative influence on the fuel metering, as it would do if it 
were acting as a harmful clearance volume. 
As a result of the disposition of a relief conduit which connects the inlet 
opening with a chamber that is under constant pressure, preferably inlet 
pressure (P.sub.Z), it is possible to attain a pressure equalization in 
the inlet line over the entire effective supply stroke. At the same time, 
injection fuel leaking past the pump piston is prevented from having 
harmful retroactive effects on the magnetic valve. 
By making the diversion opening closable by means of a valve, the 
throttling influences which would otherwise prevail in the pump work 
chamber during the re-aspiration of the return-flow fuel are eliminated. 
The effect of temperature on the fuel vapor pressure, which acts as a 
counter-pressure to the inlet pressure in the pump work chamber, is taken 
into consideration by means of an appropriate correction of the inlet 
pressure. The pressure regulating valve is provided with an adjustment 
element which corrects the restoring force of a pressure regulating spring 
in accordance with an operating temperature of the injection pump or of 
the fuel. Finally, as the result of other characteristics of the present 
invention, the undesired change in fuel quantity which occurs in the 
course of a rapid shift in the instant of supply onset is prevented or 
else corrected to a predetermined value, as discussed below. 
The invention will be better understood and further objects and advantages 
thereof will become more apparent from the ensuing detailed description of 
preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In fuel injection apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as a first exemplary 
embodiment, a mechanically driven pump/nozzle 10 substantially comprises a 
piston injection pump 12, driven by a drive cam 11a of a drive mechanism 
11 which is not shown in further detail, and an injection nozzle 14 which 
is combined with the piston injection pump 12 and disposed therewith in a 
common housing 13. The housing 13 is indicated only by dot-dash lines for 
the sake of simplification. 
A pump piston 15 is guided within a pump cylinder 16 such that it is 
movable axially and rotationally. With its end face 17 remote from the 
drive mechanism 11, the pump piston 15 defines a pump work chamber 18 and 
has a first, horizontal control edge 19 embodied by the end face 17 and a 
second, oblique control edge 22 embodied as the axial limitation of a 
control face 21. By means of the oblique control edge 22, a diversion bore 
23 located in the wall of the pump cylinder 16 can be opened at the end of 
the effective supply stroke and can be closed once again after a first 
portion of the intake stroke, which permits a re-aspiration of the 
return-flow fuel quantity, has been effected. 
In order to correct or adjust the effective supply stroke of the pump 
piston 15, the piston injection pump 12 is equipped with an adjustment 
device 24; in a known fashion, this device comprises a longitudinally 
displaceable regulator rod 25 and a pinion sheath 26. Both elements 25 and 
26 of the adjustment device 24 are provided with teeth, so that upon a 
longitudinal movement of the regulator rod 25 effected by an adjustment 
member 25, the pinion sheath 26 rotates the pump piston 15, and the 
relative position of the diversion opening 23 and the control face 21, 
which closes this opening during the effective supply stroke an is 
equipped with the oblique control edge 22, is changed. A return-flow line 
28 is connected to the diversion opening 23 and discharges into an inlet 
line 31 receiving its supply from a supply pump 29. The fuel inlet 
pressure p.sub.Z which prevails in the inlet line 31 is regulated to a 
constant value, e.g., 50 bar, by a pressure regulating valve 32. This 
inlet pressure, which in comparison with the inlet pressure of known 
injection pumps is quite high, also prevails in the return-flow line 28, 
as a result of which the throttle losses occurring upon the re-aspiration 
of the return-flow fuel can be kept negligibly small. In addition, in 
order to reduce the throttling effect upon re-closure of the control 
opening 23, the diversion opening 23 may be embodied as a shaped hole with 
a limiting edge which is parallel to the oblique control edge 22. As 
needed, a plurality of diversion openings 23 may also be provided. The 
re-aspiration of the return-flow fuel quantity can also be improved by 
means of a reservoir 33 indicated by dot-dash lines, which should be 
disposed in the vicinity of the shutoff opening 23. If such a reservoir 33 
is in place, then the connection between the return-flow line 28 and the 
inlet line 31 may also be interrupted, as indicated by a dividing line 34, 
and replaced by the direct return flow f fuel to a tank 35. The pressure 
in the return-flow line 28 can then be limited by a pressure maintenance 
valve 36 to a return-flow pressure which may as needed deviate from the 
inlet pressure p.sub.Z. The pressures in the inlet and the return flow can 
thus be established independently of one another, in order to optimize the 
injection process to the most favorable values in a particular case. 
The inlet line 31, which is controlled by an inlet valve 37, discharges 
with an inlet opening 38 into the pump cylinder 16. In the illustrated 
position of the pump piston 15, this inlet opening 38 is, however, covered 
by the control face 21, which with the exception of a stop groove 
encompasses the entire jacket face of the pump piston 15. The inlet 
opening 38 comes into communication with the pump work chamber 18 only 
once the pump piston 15 has executed its entire intake stroke and is in 
its inner or bottom dead center position. The respective inner or bottom 
dead center position (UT) and the outer or top dead center position (OT) 
of the pump piston 15 are indicated by dot-dash lines at a distance from 
the piston stroke h in FIG. 1 and are marked UT and OT, respectively. 
The inlet valve 37 is embodied as a magnetic valve which with its opening 
duration t.sub.V measures a fuel quantity Q.sub.Z pre-stored in the pump 
work chamber 18. In the present example, the pre-stored fuel quantity 
equals the fuel quantity Q.sub.E which is to be injected. The magnetic 
valve 37 which is embodied as a 2/2-way valve is shown in the drawing in 
its closed position, and is arranged to receive a metering pulse I.sub.Z, 
which determines its opening duration, from an electric control device 39, 
which includes an electronic regulating circuit and is connected with a 
set-point feeder 41, an adjustment-path transducer 42 of the adjustment 
device 24 and an rpm transducer 43 which emits an rpm signal n. The 
electric control device 39 additionally receives signals dependent on 
operating characteristics of the engine, such as a temperature signal T 
which is picked up at a suitable location and further signals marked by 
the letter S and indicating by way of example the charge-air pressure in 
the intake line of the engine, the exhaust gas temperature or the exhaust 
gas counterpressure. 
The adjustment member 27 which actuates the regulating rod 25 is embodied 
as an electromechanical adjustment member, depending upon the required 
adjustment force exerted by an electromagnet, an electric servomotor or an 
electrohydraulic adjustment member. From the electric control device 39, 
this adjustment member 27 receives its control pulse I.sub.FB, which is 
dependent upon at least one operating characteristic such as the load Q or 
the rpm n, or a correction pulse I.sub.K described in more detail below. 
The change in the rotary position of the oblique control edge 22 which is 
attainable with the adjustment device 24, and thus the change in the 
termination of supply, does not, however, determine the fuel injection 
quantity Q.sub.E ; instead, it serves in accordance with the invention to 
change the instant of supply onset. The associated new and inventive 
injection process will be explained further below, with the aid of the 
diagram given in FIG. 4 and a funtion description for the fuel injection 
apparatus shown in FIG. 1. 
The fuel metering controlled by the magnetic valve 37 is effected at a 
constant fuel inlet pressure p.sub.Z across a constant inlet cross section 
A.sub.Z, with a variable opening duration of the magnetic valve 37 
determined by the metering pulse I.sub.Z. The constant inlet cross section 
A.sub.Z may be provided by either the inlet opening 38 or the flow-through 
cross section of the magnetic valve. The latter is indicated in the switch 
symbol of the magnetic valve 37 by means of a through conduit provided 
with a flow throttle. The fuel inlet pressure p.sub.Z acts counter to a 
vapor pressure of the fuel which prevails in the pump work chamber 18 at 
the end of the intake stroke. At a very high inlet pressure of 50 bar, by 
way of example, this fuel vapor pressure with its extremely low absolute 
pressure values of 0.001 bar at 20.degree. C. and 0.05 bar at 100.degree. 
C. does not need to be measured precisely. Instead, in setting the 
metering pulse I.sub.Z, this vapor pressure is presumed to be an absolute 
vacuum at zero bar. If it is desired nevertheless to take into 
consideration the operating temperature of the injection pump, then this 
is done when determining the metering pulse I.sub.Z by means of the 
temperature signal T in the electric control device 39; alternatively, the 
inlet pressure p.sub.Z can be corrected instead, by means of varying the 
initial stress of a pressure regulating spring 45 of the pressure 
regulating valve 32 via an adjustment member 44 triggered by the electric 
control device 39. 
A new opportunity, which is inventive per se, of adapting the inlet 
pressure p.sub.Z is provided in that a chamber 46 of the pressure 
regulating valve 32 which contains the pressure regulating spring 45 
communicates via an intake line 47 with a work chamber 48 of an auxiliary 
pump 49, which is driven parallel to the injection pump 12 or 
simultaneously with the supply pump 29 and is supplied with fuel by the 
supply pump 29. The intake line 47 contains a check valve 51 which opens 
in the direction toward the work chamber 48 and it can be set to provide a 
partial filling of the work chamber 48 in order to generate an 
underpressure equal to the fuel vapor pressure occurring upon each intake 
stroke of the injection pump 12. This setting is accomplished by the 
actuation of the pump piston 50 which is provided with an oblique control 
face. The use of such an auxiliary pump, here embodied by the piston pump 
49, is relatively expensive and is intended for attaining extremely 
precise metering; it is shown in the drawing solely as a possible 
alternative, as suggested by the dashed lines indicating the various fuel 
lines. 
The pump work chamber 18, which is closed by a pressure valve 52 in the 
direction of the injection nozzle 14, is kept as small as possible to 
avoid having dead-volume space. In order furthermore to assure that 
pressure conditions in the inlet opening 38 will always be the same during 
each metering process, the portion of the jacket face of the pump piston 
15 which closes the inlet opening 38 of from the pump work chamber 18 
during the effective supply stroke is provided with a relief conduit 
arrangement 53. This conduit arrangement 53, which may be embodied in the 
form of that known from German Offenlegungsschruft 27 20 279 and 
comprising longitudinal and transverse grooves, communicates in addition 
with an annular relief groove 54, so that is also serves the purpose of 
guiding the return flow of leakage oil. By means of this conduit 
arrangement 53, the inlet opening 38, in every reciprocal and rotary 
position of the pump piston 18 in which the inlet opening is separated 
from the pump work chamber, communicates with a chamber which is under 
constant pressure, preferably inlet pressure p.sub.Z ; in the present 
example, this chamber is embodied by a partial annular groove 55 in the 
inner wall of the pump cylinder 16. In a manner not shown in further 
detail, this groove 55 communicates with the portion of the inlet line 31 
which is continuously under fuel inlet pressure p.sub.Z ; that is, the 
groove 55 communicates with the portion of this line 31 located between 
the supply pump 29 and the magnetic valve 37. 
The second exemplary embodiment, which is shown only in part in FIG. 2, 
differs only slightly from the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1. 
Identical elements are therefore given identical reference numerals, while 
those which are different are given a prime. 
The inlet opening which is blocked off from the pump work chamber 18 by the 
pump piston 15' during the effective supply stroke is indicated here by 
reference numeral 38', and it is embodied as a throttle bore providing the 
constant inlet cross section A.sub.Z. The flow-through cross section of 
this throttle bore 38' must therefore be smaller than that of the magnetic 
valve 37', and also smaller than that of the line section 31a of the inlet 
line 31 located between the magnetic valve 37' and the inlet opening 38'. 
By means of the described disposition of the inlet opening 38' embodied as 
a throttle bore, it is possible to assure that the identical pressure 
status always prevails in the line section 31a both before and after the 
end of the metering effected by the magnetic valve 37'. This is the case 
especially when the end of the pre-storage of fuel is controlled by the 
pump piston 15' itself; that is, in order to fix the opening duration 
t.sub.V of the inlet valve 37', only its instant of opening t.sub.O is 
changed, and the instant of closing t.sub.S is fixed at an instant 
subsequent to the end of the pre-storage controlled by the pump piston 
15'. This relationship will be described in greater detail below, in the 
course of the functional description pertaining to FIG. 4. 
The third exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, again shown only in part, 
illustrates a piston injection pump 12" in the vicinity of the pump work 
chamber 18, with a magnetic valve 37" controlling the fuel metering from 
the inlet line 31 to the inlet opening 38 into the pump work chamber 18. 
As in the case of the examples described above, the pump piston 15" is 
provided with an oblique control edge 22, which is which is embodied as an 
axial limitation for the control face 21. By means of this control edge 
22, the diversion bore 23 located in the wall of the pump cylinder 16 is 
opened at the end of the effective supply stroke, and thus the return-flow 
fuel quantity, which in the present invention influences the instant of 
supply onset, is measured. Deviating from the above-described examples, 
however, the diversion opening 23 in this example is closable by means of 
a valve 53 which prevents the re-aspiration of the return-flow fuel into 
the pump work chamber 18. This valve 53 is shown in FIG. 3 as a simple 
check valve; however, it is also possible for it to be replaced, as is 
conventional in distributor injection pumps, by a slide control means. The 
diverted return-flow fuel here flows back via the return-flow line 28 to 
the tank 35, either directly or via a pressure maintenance valve 37 
providing the counterpressure. 
The pump element shown only in part in FIG. 3 may be part of a known single 
injection pump or part of a series injection pump; it is also possible for 
the piston injection pump 12", disposed directly after the pressure valve 
52, to be combined with the associated injection nozzle to make a 
pump/nozzle unit. 
In the case of the injection pump 12" described above, the magnetic valve 
37" is embodied as a needle valve controlling the inlet opening 38, and it 
functions as a 2/2-way valve which is pressure-equalized with respect to 
the inlet pressure p.sub.Z which prevails in the inlet line 31. The inlet 
opening 38 is disposed here in such a way that it communicates 
continuously with the pump work chamber 18; however, should this be 
desired because of the pressure conditions, it may also be placed so low 
that it is closed by the end face 17 of the pump piston 15" during the 
compression stroke of the pump piston 15". It may in fact be placed still 
lower, as indicated by dot-dash lines at 38", and controlled by a lower 
annular groove 58 of the pump piston 15", preferably only near bottom dead 
center of the pump piston 15", which is shown in the drawing in an 
intermediate position between bottom and top dead center. 
The diagram given in FIG. 4 shows a curve a plotted over the time t, in 
order to illustrate the piston stroke h, and the associated opening 
duration t.sub.V of the magnetic valves 37, 37' or 37" between the 
respective instant of opening t.sub.O and the instant of closing t.sub.S 
is shown in the form of horizontal bar diagrams b through e. In the supply 
edge of the piston stroke curve a which rises from UT toward OT, several 
points are plotted which characterize the supply onset FB and the end of 
supply FE; FE.sub.f indicates the end of supply for directing an early 
supply onset, and FE.sub.s indicates end of supply for directing a late 
supply onset. The disposition of the supply onset point FB is dependent on 
the pre-stored quantity of injection fuel which is to be supplied and on 
the end of supply which is regulated for correcting the supply onset, as 
will be further explained below in the functional description. The bar 
diagrams b through e of the opening duration t.sub.V of the inlet valve 
correspond to the associated metering pulse I.sub.V of these valves. The 
symbol t.sub.R designates a rest period of the pump piston 15 which occurs 
at bottom dead center; at E.sub.s, the pump piston 15 closes the inlet 
opening 38 and at E.sub.o, the pump piston 15 closes the inlet opening 38 
once again. 
FIGS. 5 and 6 are details of two variants of the first exemplary embodiment 
shown in FIG. 1, each having a differentiation element 61 and 62, with the 
aid of which an undesired change in fuel quantity when there is a rapid 
shift in the instant of supply onset can be prevented or can be corrected 
to a predetermined value. 
The electric differentiation element 61 comprises two resistors 63 and 64 
and a capacitor 65. The differentiation element 61 is inserted into a 
connection betweemn the adjustment-path signal S.sub.S of the 
adjustment-angle transducer 42 and the set-point value feeder 41, and it 
generates a correction signal S.sub.K, which is fed as a corrective value 
to the set-point value feeder 41 via a subtracting element 66. 
If the displacement of the regulating rod 25 is effected approximately 
linearly with the rpm n, then the correction signal S.sub.K generated by 
the differentiation element 61 can also be derived from the rpm n, as is 
indicated by n' and by broken lines in FIG. 5. The connection with the 
adjustment-path signal S.sub.S is then interrupted, as suggested by the 
dashed S-shaped lines. 
The differentiation element 62 shown in FIG. 6 is an electromechanical 
differentiation element, in which the movement of the regulating rod 25 is 
transmitted via a mechanical damping member comprising a hydraulic damper 
67 and two springs 68 and 69 onto the sliding contact 71a of a 
potentiometer 71. The correction signal S.sub.K is fed by the 
potentiometer 71 into the control device 39 and there corrects the 
metering pulse I.sub.Z for the magnetic valve 37 in a known manner. This 
correction is necessary when there is a rapid shift in the instant of 
supply onset in order to prevent an undesired change in fuel quantity 
which then occurs or else to reduce it to a predetermined value. 
The mode of operation of the first exemplary embodiment will now be 
described with the aid of FIGS. 1 and 4: 
If the pump piston 15, in its position shown in FIG. 1, now continues its 
supply stroke, then the end of supply FE is determined by the oblique 
control edge 22, if this element opens the diversion opening 23 and 
relieves the pump work chamber 18 toward the return-flow line 28. The end 
of supply takes place relatively late when the pump piston 15 is in the 
illustrated rotary position; that is, the end of supply occurs at 
FE.sub.s, because only a small return-flow quantity Q.sub.R is diverted. 
The return flow is terminated at bottom dead center, and the return flow 
quantity Q.sub.R is re-aspirated into the pump work chamber 18 at the 
beginning of the intake stroke via the diversion opening 23, until the 
oblique control edge 22 closes off the diversion opening 23. 
As the intake stroke of the pump piston 15 continues as far as the bottom 
dead center position UT, the pump work chamber 18 is placed under 
underpressure, which approximately equals the vapor pressure of the fuel. 
Within the rest period which is indicated by t.sub.R in the diagram of 
FIG. 4, the fuel quantity to be injected is metered at t.sub.O (that is, 
when the inlet opening 38 is fully opened) via the magnetic valve 37 by 
means of the pulse duration which is controlled by the metering pulse 
I.sub.Z and begins at t.sub.O ; this metering is effected in accordance 
with curve b for a small injection quantity Q.sub.E and in accordance with 
curve c for a large injection quantity Q.sub.E. After t.sub.R, then, the 
compression stroke of the pump piston 15 begins, as follows: first, the 
hollow chamber in the pump work chamber 18 which is under vapor pressure 
and whose volume is dependent on the pre-stored fuel injection quantity 
and on the re-aspirated return-flow quantity is compressed, until the 
supply onset FB begins and the fuel, placed under injection pressure, 
opens the pressure valve 52, and the fuel reaches the injection nozzle 14, 
and from there enters the working cylinders of the engine. 
The injection is terminated when, shortly subsequent to the position of the 
pump piston 15 shown in FIG. 1, the oblique control edge 22 connects the 
diversion opening 23 with the pump work chamber 18 as already described. 
The control of the supply end FE by the change in rotary position of the 
oblique control edge 22, or by the adjustment movement of the regulating 
rod 25 effected by the electromechanical adjustment member 17, does not, 
as in known pumps, serve the purpose of regulating the supply quantity; 
instead, it determines the instant of supply onset FB by means of the 
return-flow fuel quantity Q.sub.R which is diverted and then re-aspirated. 
If the opening duration t.sub.V of the magnetic valve 37, controlled by 
the metering pulse I.sub.Z of the control device 39, is then changed in 
order to bring about a different fuel injection quantity, the regulating 
rod 25 is caused to follow up this action with an appropriately adapted 
adjusting speed by means of the correction pulse I.sub.K via the 
adjustment member 27, and the return-flow fuel quantity is corrected such 
that the instant of supply onset remains constant. If it is desired 
instead to vary the instant of supply onset while the fuel injection 
quantity remains the same, this being accomplished in accordance with the 
rpm n or the load, which is characterized by the injection quantity 
Q.sub.E, then a different rotary position of the pump piston 15 is 
established by means of the adjustment device 24. In order to regulate 
this rotary position precisely, the adjustment device 24 which is provided 
with the electromechanical adjustment member 27 is provided with the 
adjustment-path transducer 42, which furnishes the electric control device 
39 with an adjustment-path signal. This adjustment-path transducer 42 is 
only suggested in FIG. 1, and it is disposed at an arbitrary location of 
the adjustment device 24 and embodied by a travel transducer functioning 
capacitively, inductively, or in some other known manner. 
In the case of rapidly-occurring changes in the instant of supply onset, 
however, the metering pulse duration I.sub.Z must be additionally varied 
during a short transitional period, in order to prevent an undesired 
change in fuel quantity or to correct this quantity to a predetermined 
value. This correction is effected purely electrically, as shown in FIG. 
5, by means of the differentiation element 61 or electromechanically, as 
shown in FIG. 6, by means of the differentiation element 62. The 
correction signal S.sub.K of the two variant embodiments varies the 
set-point feeder 41 via the subtracting element 66, as shown in FIG. 5, or 
else it may also be fed directly into the control device 39 as indicated 
in FIG. 6 and thereby briefly vary the metering pulse I.sub.Z. In the case 
of a change in instant of supply onset controlled in accordance with rpm, 
the correction signal S.sub.K emitted by the differentiation element 61 
may also be derived directly from the rpm signal n of the rpm transducer 
43, especially when the adjustment path of the regulating rod 25 is 
linearly dependent on the rpm (see signal n' in FIG. 5). 
Since the pre-stored fuel quantity can also be controlled precisely in 
accordance with the opening duration of the magnetic valve 37, the inlet 
cross section A.sub.Z is determined, as already noted, by a constant 
flow-through cross section of the magnetic valve 37 and the inlet pressure 
p.sub.Z is regulated by the pressure regulating valve 32 to a constant 
value which is adapted as need be, by means of an appropriate correction, 
controlled for instance by an auxiliary piston pump 49, solely in 
accordance with the temperature-dependent change in the vapor pressure in 
the pump work chamber 18. If the opening and closing instants t.sub.O and 
t.sub.S of the magnetic valve 37 occur within the resting period t.sub.R 
of the pump piston 15, then pressure conditions are least influenced by 
fluctuations. 
If, as has already been described in connection with FIG. 2, the constant 
inlet cross section A.sub.Z is embodied by the inlet opening 38", then the 
pressure conditions prevailing in the inlet line section 31a (see FIG. 2) 
are influenced in a particularly favorable manner if the control of the 
opening duration t.sub.V of the magnetic valve 37' is effected in 
accordance with curves d and e in FIG. 4. Here, the injection quantity is 
determined by the shifting of the instant of opening t.sub.O of the 
magnetic valve 37' and by the closure of the inlet opening 38" at E.sub.s 
by the pump piston 15'. The instant of closure of the magnetic valve 37' 
is then shifted by a preferably constant amount to a time subsequent to 
E.sub.s ; in other words, only the opening instant t.sub.O continues to 
determine the quantity. 
If in accordance with FIG. 3 the diversion opening 23 is closable with a 
check valve 57 or a corresponding valve element, then the return-flow fuel 
quantity Q.sub.R determined by the rotary position of the oblique control 
edge 22 is not re-aspirated into the pump work chamber 18 at the onset of 
the intake stroke; instead, the magnetic valve 37" is designed such that 
with its opening duration t.sub.V it prestores a quantity of fuel in the 
pump work chamber 18 which represents both the quantity of fuel to be 
injected and a quantity of fuel acting as a replacement for the 
return-flowing fuel quantity (which, by its volume, influences the onset 
of supply); this replacement quantity is therefore likewise called a 
"return-flow quantity". This additional check valve 57 may also be used in 
the pump/nozzles 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which case the metering pulse 
I.sub.Z is then prolonged accordingly. 
In order to perform the method according to the invention, not only can the 
described pump/nozzles 10 or the injection pump 12" be used; the method 
can also be used in the case of injection pumps controlled by 
reciprocating slides or in distributor injection pumps. What is common to 
all the possible uses of the method is the inventive concept that during 
the metering of the fuel quantity pre-stored in the pump work chamber, 
which has been partially evacuated during the intake stroke, not only the 
inlet pressure but the inlet cross section as well are kept constant, and 
only the opening duration of the inlet valve is regulated electrically; 
further that a shift in the instant of supply onset controlled in 
accordance with operating characteristics is attained by means of a change 
in the return-flow fuel quantity; and, finally, that when there is a 
change in the quantity of fuel to be injected, an undesired shift in the 
instant of supply onset is prevented by means of a simutaneously-effected 
correction of the return-flow fuel quantity. When the return-flow fuel 
quantity is re-aspirated, the opening duration of the magnetic valve alone 
determines the fuel quantity to be injected. When the diversion opening is 
blocked by a valve which prevents a re-aspiration of the return-flow fuel 
quantity, both the quantity of fuel to be injected and a quantity of fuel 
which replaces the return-flowing fuel quantity are metered by means of 
the opening duration of the inlet valve. 
The control device 39 with the set-point transducer 41 and the 
rpm-transducer 43, the adjustment element 27 with the adjustment-path 
transducer 42 and the inlet valve 37 are in themselves not the object of 
the present invention. It is preferable to use for the measuring of the 
fuel quantity Q.sub.Z the control device and as the inlet valve 37 a 
magnetic valve of the "L-Jetronic" produced by Robert Bosch GmbH, 
Stuttgart, and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,750,631 and British Pat. No. 
1,174,479. The control device 39 also includes an arrangement for 
generating both a fuel quantity signal and a signal for shifting the 
instant of fuel supply onset (timing) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 
3,796,197. It is preferable to use also for this purpose a control device 
comprising a microprocessor as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,204,256. As 
the adjustment element 27 and the adjustment-path transducer 42 with the 
respective part of the control decive 39 there also may be used means as 
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,478. 
The foregoing relates to preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention, 
it being understood that other embodiments and variants thereof are 
possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, the latter being 
defined by the appended claims.