Vehicle cold start system

A lubrication system for internal-combustion engines having a mechanical-type oil pump and turbocharger. The system includes an auxiliary electrically operated oil pump, a first time-delay relay connected to the ignition system to energize the electrically operated oil pump for a first time period after the ignition is turned on to prelubricate the engine, and a second time-delay relay to energize the electrically operated pump for a second period after the ignition is turned off to lubricate the turbocharger.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to lubrication systems for 
internal-combustion engines and, more particularly, to lubrication systems 
for such engines and turbochargers. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
Workers in the art of internal-combustion engines have long tried to 
minimize wear on the engines. For example, substantial efforts have been 
made to improve lubricants for the engines, and to provide improved 
bearings and lubrication systems. 
It is well known in the automotive art that wear in automobile and other 
vehicle engines of the internal-combustion type is not simply related to 
the number of miles driven, but depends upon the conditions under which 
the vehicle is driven. For example, it is recognized that an engine of a 
vehicle which is utilized for frequent short trips will wear faster (on a 
per-mile basis) than the engine of a vehicle which is driven less 
frequently but longer distances. This difference in wear life can be 
explained, at least in part, by the fact that friction is at its maximum 
value during the first few minutes after a cold engine is started and 
that, after the engine has warmed to its normal operating temperature, 
friction within the engine drops substantially. Some workers in the 
automotive art have estimated that up to ninety percent (90%) of the total 
mechanical wear of an engine occurs within a relatively short time after 
starting the engine cold. In one article on this subject, workers in the 
art estimated that an automobile engine undergoes the same amount of 
mechanical wear during the first thirty seconds after it is started cold 
as the engine would undergo if driven fully warm for five hundred miles. 
In otherwords, according to this source, the wear during a thirty second 
cold start of an engine may equal approximately the wear undergone by a 
fully warm engine over a nine hour period of normal operation. Similarly, 
The Society of Automotive Engineers has determined that up to eighty 
percent of the wear on vehicle engines occurs during the first ten seconds 
of operation. Accordingly, it is clear that critical times for engine wear 
occur during the period that the engine is being cranked by the starter 
motor and before the mechanical oil pump of the engine has had sufficient 
time to fill the oil galleys of the engine with oil at the normal 
operating pressure. 
To overcome such frictional wear during cold starting of an automobile 
engine, prior art workers have provided reservoir systems which are filled 
and pressurized with oil while the engine is operating and which hold the 
oil under pressure during the period the engine is off, and then release 
the oil to the engine just as the engine is restarted. The difficulty with 
such reservoir systems is that relatively high pressures are required and 
leakage normally occurs during the period that the engine is off, thereby 
causing the pressurized reservoir system to lose its effectiveness. 
Similar pressurized reservoir systems have been employed with engines 
equipped with turbochargers. The wear associated with typical 
turbochargers normally occurs because, after an engine is shut off, the 
turbocharger may continue to rotate at 75,000 to 5,000 rpm for a period of 
time after the mechanical oil pump for the engine has been shut off. To 
prevent undue wear of the rotating parts of the turbocharger, it has been 
proposed to utilize a pressurized oil reservoir of the type described 
above which discharges to the turbocharger whenever the engine is shut 
off, and then is recharged after the engine begins operation. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
A general object of the present invention is to provide a system to 
minimize frictional wear of an engine of the internal-combustion type. 
More particularly, an object of the present invention is to provide a 
system to minimize frictional wear of an engine of the internal combustion 
type having a mechanical-type oil pump during the period of and following 
a cold start of the engine. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system which, in 
addition to minimizing frictional wear of an engine during the period of 
and following cold starts, also provides lubrication to a turbocharger 
after the engine has been shut off. 
In accordance with the preceding objects, the present invention provides a 
system for lubrication of an engine prior to starting the engine 
comprising an electrically operated oil pump connected between the oil 
sump of the engine and the oil galleys of the engine; an electrical 
time-delay relay connected to the ignition system to energize the oil pump 
for a predetermined time period after the ignition is turned on and, 
thereafter, to de-energize the oil pump; a one-way valve to prevent back 
flow of oil into the pressurized oil outlet of the pump; and a bypass for 
connecting the pressurized oil outlet of oil pump to its inlet when the 
one-way valve is closed or the pump discharge is otherwise restricted. In 
one modification, the system further includes a second conduit connecting 
the oil pump outlet in oil-flow communication with a turbocharger for the 
engine and a second time-delay relay connected to the ignition and battery 
system of the engine and to the motor of the pump to allow battery current 
to energize the pump for a predetermined period after the ignition is 
turned off. 
Accordingly, an advantage of the present invention is the provision of a 
system to minimize frictional wear of an engine of the internal-combustion 
type having a mechanical type oil pump. 
Another advantage of the present invention is the provision of a system to 
minimize frictional wear of an engine of the internal combustion type 
during the period of and following a cold start of the engine. 
Still another advantage of the present invention is the provision of a 
system which, in addition to minimizing frictional wear of an 
internal-combustion engine during the period of and following cold starts, 
also provides lubrication to a turbocharger after the engine has been shut 
off. 
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will no 
doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after having 
read the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments which 
are illustrated in the various drawing figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
In the system of FIG. 1, reference number 11 generally designates an 
electrically operated positive displacement oil pump having an inlet 12 
and a pressurized oil outlet 13. The inlet 12 is connected, via a suction 
hose 14, to an oil sump 15 of an internal-combustion engine (not shown) of 
the type utilized on vehicles. More particularly, the suction hose 14 is 
connected into an aperture 16 formed in the lower portion of the sump 15 
at a location which is normally submerged in the reservoir of lubricating 
oil held in the sump. In practice, the suction hose 14 is connected into 
the aperture 16 via a self-closing connection device 17 as is commercially 
available from various sources. 
Referring still to FIG. 1, the pressurized oil outlet 13 of the oil pump 11 
is connected to a conduit 19 via a normally-closed one-way check valve 21 
which prevents back-flow of oil from the conduit 19 into the pump 11. 
Further, the pump 11 includes bypass means, schematically illustrated as a 
conduit 23 having a pressure relief valve 25 interposed therein to allow 
flow directly from the outlet 13 to the inlet 12 at predetermined high 
pressures, as when the one-way check valve 21 is closed because of high 
pressures generated by the mechanical-type oil pump of the engine or 
because of other restrictions. Such pressure relief bypass means can take 
many forms in practice, and normally is internal to the pump. In practice, 
the pump 11 provides a maximum output pressure of about one hundred 
pounds-per-square-inch (psi), and the bypass is set to operate at about 
thirty to forty psi. 
At its opposite end, the conduit 19 is connected, via a fitting 29, to a 
conduit 31 which carries oil to the galley-ways in the engine. In the 
preferred embodiment, the fitting 29 is a tee whose third leg can be 
connected to a conduit 33 to carry oil to a turbocharger 35 connected to 
the engine. In practice, a conventional oil sender unit 37 is interposed 
between the tee-fitting 29 and the conduit 31 to provide an oil pressure 
signal to the instrument panel of the vehicle. 
FIG. 2 illustrates a system for controlling operation of the oil pump 11 
comprising first and second time-delay relays 39 and 41, respectively, 
connected to a motor 42 of the oil pump 11 of FIG. 1. The system of FIG. 2 
also includes, without modification, the vehicle's battery 43 and the 
vehicle's ignition switch 45. In the embodiment shown, each of the 
time-delay relays 39 and 41 have three input terminals. One terminal of 
each of the relays 39 and 41 is connected, via current conducting wire 46, 
to the oil pump motor 42; another terminal of each of the time-delay 
relays is connected directly to the battery 43 via wire 47, and the third 
terminal of each of the relays is connected to the ignition switch 45 via 
wire 48. The ignition switch 45 is, in turn, connected to the battery 43 
by a wire 49. 
The time-delay relays 39 and 41 are conventional components, commercially 
available from various sources. In the system of FIG. 2, the time-delay 
relay 39 is of the type which functions to allow electrical power to flow 
from the battery 43 to the pump motor 42 for a predetermined period of 
time after the ignition switch 45 is turned to the "on" position. In 
practice, the relay 39 is set to provide operating current to the motor 42 
for about five seconds after the ignition switch 45 is turned on; 
thereafter, a switch or contacts which are internal of the relay 39 move 
to an "open" position and prevent current from flowing to the motor 42 
through that relay. 
By way of contrast to the relay 39, the time-delay relay 41 functions to 
allow current to flow from the battery 43 to the pump motor 42 for a 
predetermined time period after the ignition switch 45 is turned to the 
"off" position. In practice, the relay 41 is set to provide operating 
current to the motor 42 for at least about twenty seconds after the 
ignition switch is turned off; thereafter, contacts which are internal to 
the relay move to an open position and prevent current from flowing to the 
motor 42 from the battery 43 through the relay 41. 
With the above description in mind, the function and operation of the 
system of FIGS. 1 and 2 can be readily understood. The operation is best 
understood by first assuming that the ignition switch 45 has been in the 
"off" position for some extended period of time, and then is placed in the 
"on" position. When the ignition switch is turned on, current from the 
battery 43 will flow through the switch 45 to the first time-delay relay 
39 via the line 48. This flow of current will energize the relay 39, 
causing closure of contacts internal to the relay which permit battery 
power to flow from wire 47 through the relay and then through line 46 to 
pump 42 for a period of time predetermined by the relay. After expiration 
of the predetermined time period, the contacts internal of the relay 39 
will open, thereby terminating the flow of electrical current to the motor 
42. The time-delay relay 39 will not be reactivated until the ignition 
switch 45 is turned off, and then turned on again. In practice, the relay 
39 is rated for about thirty-five amperes at 12 volts DC. 
The time-delay relay 41 is optional to the system of FIGS. 1 and 2, and is 
to be utilized where the engine is equipped with a turbocharger. In such a 
situation, the relay 41 carries no current to the motor 42 until such time 
as the ignition switch 45 is placed in the "off" position. At that time, a 
switch internal of the relay 41 closes for a predetermined period of time, 
thereby allowing current to flow from the battery 43 to the motor 42 via 
wires 46 and 47. In practice, the relay 41 operates for a predetermined 
period of at least about twenty seconds after the ignition is turned off; 
after expiration of the predetermined time period, the switch internal of 
the relay 41 will open, thereby preventing the flow of current from the 
battery 43 to the pump 42. The relay 41 will remain in the open condition 
until such time as the ignition switch 45 is turned on and then turned off 
again. 
After the ignition switch 45 is placed in the "on" position, it can then be 
turned to the "start" position. If the elapsed time between placing the 
ignition switch in the "on" position and the "start" position is greater 
than the pre-set period of the time-delay relay 39, the relay 39 will 
automatically function to turn off the motor 42 of the oil pump 11 after 
expiration of the preset period. If the ignition switch 45 is turned to 
the "start" position immediately after the "on" position, thereby starting 
the engine of the vehicle, the motor 42 of the oil pump 11 will continue 
to operate until expiration of the preset time period of the relay 39. In 
the event that the oil pressure generated by the mechanical oil pump of 
the engine of the vehicle exceeds the pressure generated by the pump 11, 
the one-way check valve 21 will operate to prevent backflow of oil through 
conduit 19 into the pump 11; simultaneously, the pressure relief valve 25 
will operate to bypass oil from the outlet 13 of the pump 11 to the inlet 
12. 
Workers skilled in the art will recognize that means, such as 
pressure-activated switches or the like, can be provided to selectively 
actuate the motor 42 of the pump 11 during the period of operation of the 
vehicle engine. For example, such a pressure-activated switch could be 
provided to operate the electrical oil pump in the event the pressure 
provided by the mechanical-type oil pump associated with the engine fell 
below a certain predetermined value. 
Similarly, workers in the art will recognize that valving systems can be 
provided in place of tee-fitting 2a so that oil is selectively directed 
only to the oil galleys of the engine until the engine is turned off and 
only to the turbocharger 35 until the engine is turned on. The result of 
providing such valving would be to reduce the work required of the pump 
11, since it would not provide oil to the turbocharger while the engine is 
being started and, also, would not provide oil to the engine after the 
engine is turned off. 
Although the present invention has been described with particular reference 
to the illustrated preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that such 
disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various other 
alterations, modifications and embodiments will no doubt become apparent 
to those skilled in the art after having read the preceding disclosure. 
Accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as 
covering all such alterations, modifications and embodiments as fall 
within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.