Nitrates of D-isoidide

Nitrate esters of D-isoidide which are useful as cardiovascular agents, and crystalline D-isoidide from which such nitrates are derivable.

This invention relates to new cardiovascular agents and to a process for 
their preparation. In particular, the invention provides new chemical 
compositions, the mono and dinitrate esters of D-isoidide (1,4:3,6 
dianhydro-D-iditol), which have activity useful in the treatment of 
cardiovascular disorders and in particular, as vasodilators. The invention 
also provides a process for the recovery of the D-isoidide precursor as a 
crystalline substance, facilitating the manufacture of such new chemical 
compositions. 
The new nitrate esters of this invention are optical isomers of known 
compounds which also possess substantial biological activity. In 
particular, compositions of this invention, such as D-isoidide dinitrate 
are indicated in control of angina pectoris, coronary vasodilation, 
coronary vasospasm, limitation in size of myocardiac infarction, improved 
cardiac hemodynamics, hypertension, esophageal spasm; biliary spasm and 
glaucoma. These compositions can be administered in a variety of dosage 
forms suitable for oral, including the sublingual and chewable routes, 
parenteral, transdermal, nasal and spray administration. 
Although L-isoidide and its mono, and dinitrate have long been known 
[Jackson and Hayward, Can. J. Chem. 37, 1048-1052 (1959)], and although 
the precursor D-isoidide has heretofore been prepared in impure mixtures, 
the mono- and dinitrates of D-isoidide have not heretofore been prepared. 
The D-compounds of this invention, while identical to their known optical 
isomers in physical properties, possess significantly different biological 
activity since they are structurally derived from compounds which do not 
occur in nature. In particular, it is anticipated that the D-compounds of 
this invention are free of certain adverse reactions which characterize 
similar known compounds, such as the tendency to cause headaches. 
Although the D-isoidide precursor has been known to exist in the impure 
state, it is also a particular object of this invention to provide a 
process for its recovery in crystalline form. 
Generally, in accordance with this invention, crystalline D-isoidide is 
prepared from crude mixtures of the compound by preparation of the 
dibenzoate ester which is crystallized to recover it from the crude 
mixtures and then hydrolyzed, followed by separation of benzoic acid and 
recovery of crystals of the desired D-isoidide. 
D-isoidide can suitably be prepared, first by following the procedure of 
Tipson and Cohen [Carbohyd. Res. 7, 232-243 (1968) to prepare the 
1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidine-di-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-D-mannitol (DIPMDT). In 
this procedure, the starting material is D-mannitol which is readily 
available. The D-mannitol is condensed with acetone to block the 1,2,5 and 
6 carbon atoms forming 1,2:5,6 di-O-isopropylidine-D-mannitol (DIIPM). 
##STR1## 
Still following the Tipson and Cohen procedure, the DIIPM is tosylated at 
the 3 and 4 positions to provide leaving groups, which in accordance with 
the literature upon anhydroring formation and hydrolysis, should result in 
inversion to the D-iditol configuration. 
##STR2## 
The 3,4-ditosylate is then converted to crude D-isodide by acid hydrolysis 
followed by neutralization of the acid to prepare the D-isoidide in a 
crude mixture from which efforts to separate the D-isoidide have been 
fruitless. 
##STR3## 
In accordance with this invention, the crude mixture containing D-isoidide 
is treated to form the dibenzoate which can be recovered in crystalline 
form separating it from sodium tosylate and other impurities which had 
prevented the crystallization of the D-isoidide. The D-isoidide dibenzoate 
is then hydrolyzed with alkali to separate benzoic acid leaving an aqueous 
solution of the D-isoidide from which the crystalline D-isoidide is 
readily recovered. The mono- and dinitrate esters of D-isoidide are then 
prepared following the techniques described in Jackson and Hayward, supra, 
for preparing dianhydrohexitol dinitrates.

EXAMPLE 1 
Preparation of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidine-D-mannitol (DIIPM) 
291 grams of zinc chloride was dissolved in 1470 ml. of acetone, and the 
resultant solution was filtered. 150.4 grams of D-mannitol was added, and 
the reaction mixture was heated until the mannitol dissolved. The solution 
was treated with 363 grams of potassium carbonate dissolved in 363 ml. of 
water and allowed to stand overnight. Undissolved solids were filtered 
off, and the remaining liquid was evaporated to dryness, yielding a waxy 
solid (net weight 180 grams) which was then dissolved in 180 ml. of 
chloroform. 1050 ml. of heptane was added to the solution; charcoal was 
added; and the solution was hot filtered and left to crystallize 
overnight. The solids were recovered by suction filtration as dry as 
possible and then further dried in an oven at 50.degree. C. yielding 68 
grams DIIPM (31.4% yield, m.p. 110.degree.-115.degree. C.). 
EXAMPLE 2 
Preparation of 1,2:5,6-O-isopropylidine-3,4-di-O 
p-toluenesulfonyl-D-mannitol (DIPMDT) 
The 68 grams of DIIPM prepared in Example 1 was dissolved in 450 ml. of 
anhydrous pyridine. 110 grams of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride was then 
added. The mixture was heated slightly and allowed to stand in a warm area 
for one week. The solution was cooled with stirring on an ice bath to 
0.degree. C. 200 ml. of water was added in increments of 10 ml., 10 ml., 
10 ml. 20 ml., 50 ml. and 100 ml. at 5 minute intervals, and then an 
additional 500 ml. of water was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to 
stand in a cold room for 21/2 days. The solids formed were filtered off 
and dissolved in 300 ml. of chloroform. The mixture was then extracted 
twice with 50 ml. aliquots of 5% potassium bisulfate solution followed by 
two extractions with 100 ml. aliquots of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. 
The chloroform mixture was then dried with sodium sulfate, filtered, and 
evaporated to give a crude yield of 111 grams of an oil smelling of 
pyridine. The oil was then dissolved in 550 ml. of boiling methanol, 
treated with charcoal, hot filtered and crystallized overnight in a cold 
room. The solid was filtered off, washed with methane and then dried at 
30.degree. C. for a 33.8% yield of DIPMDT (50.0 grams, m.p. 
116.degree.-119.degree. C.). A second crop was collected in like manner to 
yield an additional 2 grams (m.p. 100.degree.-105.degree. C.). 
EXAMPLE 3 
Conversion to D-isoidide 
20 grams of the DIPMDT of Example 2 was dissolved in 115 ml. of 
1,4-dioxane. 55 ml. of water and 2.1 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid 
were then added. The mixture was refluxed for three hours, cooled to room 
temperature, neutralized with 30 grams of sodium bicarbonate and allowed 
to stand overnight. The mixture was then filtered and evaporated to a 
paste. The paste was slurried in 98% ethyl acetate, filtered and left to 
evaporate. 
EXAMPLE 4 
Preparation of DIIPM 
400 grams of zinc chloride was dissolved in 2020 ml. of acetone and 
filtered. 207 grams of D-mannitol was then dissolved in the solution, and 
the solution was cooled. 500 grams of potassium carbonate in 500 ml. of 
water was added, and the solution was left overnight. The solution was 
then filtered. The solid phase was extracted with chloroform; the filtrate 
was extracted with chloroform; and the extracts were combined, dried over 
sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to recover a waxy solid, wet 
weight 234 grams. 1400 ml. of heptane was added to the solid which was 
then boiled, hot filtered and allowed to cool overnight. The solid formed 
was suction filtered as dry as possible and then allowed to dry overnight 
with a yield of DIIPM of 123 grams (41.2% yield, m.p. 
107.degree.-112.degree. C.). 
EXAMPLE 5 
Preparation of DIPMDT 
The 123 grams of DIIPM prepared in Example 4 was dissolved in 815 ml. 
anhydrous pyridine, and 200 g. of p-toluene sulfonyl chloride was added. 
The mixture was swirled until the toluene sulfonyl chloride dissolved, and 
then was stoppered and allowed to stand in a warm place for two days. The 
solution was then cooled on an ice bath while water was added at 5 minute 
intervals and in increments of 20 ml., 20 ml., 20 ml., 40 ml., 40 ml., 100 
ml., and 200 ml. The mixture was finally poured into one liter of water 
and allowed to stand in a cold room overnight. The resultant solids were 
filtered from the remaining solution and dissolved in methylene chloride. 
The methylene chloride solution was extracted eight times with 100 ml. 
aliquots of 5% potassium bisulphate and then twice with 100 ml. aliquots 
of 5% sodium bicarbonate. The methylene chloride was then dried with 
sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to an oil which was crystallized 
from methanol with a yield of 44 g. of DIPMDT (16.4% yield, m.p. 
115.degree.-117.degree. C.). 
EXAMPLE 6 
Conversion to D-Isoidide 
40 grams of the DIPMDT prepared in Example 5, 230 ml. of 1,4-dioxane, 100 
ml. of water and 14.2 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid were placed in a 
flask and refluxed for three hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 
room temperature, then neutralized with 60 g. of sodium bicarbonate and 
allowed to stand overnight. The resultant slurry was filtered, and the 
recovered solid washed with 1,4 dioxane and discarded. The filtrate was 
evaporated to a paste which was slurried in 1,4 dioxane, filtered through 
SuperCel and then evaporated to a cloudy oil. 
EXAMPLE 7 
Preparation of D-Isoidide dibenzoate (DIIDB) 
The oil produced in Example 6 and the evaporated filtrate produced in 
Example 3 were combined in a flask with 100 ml. absolute ethanol and 
refluxed with charcoal for one hour. The mixture was then hot filtered 
through SuperCel and evaporated in an oil. (At this point the mixture 
still contained some sodium tosylate). The oil was slurried in 
1,4-dioxane, filtered and evaporated to leave a dark clear oil which was 
refluxed in 50 ml. of absolute ethanol with charcoal for 1/2 hour. The 
mixture was then hot filtered through SuperCel and evaporated to an oil 
(17 .g.) which was dissolved in 135 ml. of anhydrous pyridine and then 
cooled to 5.degree. C., stirring on an ice bath. 60 grams of benzoyl 
chloride was added slowly to the mixture, keeping the temperature at about 
5.degree. C. This took about two hours. The mixture was then refluxed for 
1/2 hour, and 5 ml. of methanol was added to decompose any unreacted 
benzoyl chloride. The mixture was then allowed to cool in a cool room. The 
reaction mixture (with solid pyridinium chloride) was then diluted with 
550 ml. of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, a seed of dibenzoate was added, 
an oil formed, and the mixture was allowed to stand in a cold room to 
solidify the oil. The solution was then suction filtered to separate the 
solid material, which was sucked as dry as possible, and then the solid 
was recrystallized in 60 ml. of methanol and cooled in a cold room. Fine 
white crystals were filtered off in a first crop of 9.5 g. of DIIDB (m.p. 
109.degree.-110.degree. C.). The mother liquor of the reaction mixture was 
extracted with 400 ml. of methylene chloride and the organic layer was 
dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated to yield an oil smelling of 
pyridine. The oil was poured into 500 ml. of water with approximately 10 
g. of sodium bicarbonate dissolved in it. The oil-water mixture was then 
filtered and washed with water. About 5 g. of additional solid was 
isolated which was dissolved in the methanol mother liquor from the first 
crop of crystals. The combined solid and mother liquor mixture was boiled 
down to about 50 ml., and then hot filtered to remove insolubles. The 
solution was allowed to cool in a cold room and again crystals formed. The 
solid was separated by suction filtration and dried at about 40.degree. C. 
for an additional yield of 3.0 g. of DIIDB, m.p. 102.degree.-103.degree. 
C. 
EXAMPLE 8 
Preparation of Crystalline D-isoidide 
11.5 g. of DIIDB was refluxed in 150 ml. of methanol. 6 g. of sodium 
hydroxide in 66 ml. of water was added through the condenser, maintaining 
the reflux. The mixture refluxed a total of 6 hours, then was evaporated 
to about 150 ml. and poured into 16.5 ml. of concentrated hydrochloride 
acid in 60 ml. of water. Benzoic acid precipitated immediately, and the 
solution was allowed to cool overnight. The precipitated solid was then 
filtered off, washed with water and discarded. The filtrate was extracted 
with ethyl ether and evaporated to dryness. The resultant solid was 
slurried in methanol and reevaporated. The solid was then boiled in about 
80 ml. of ethyl acetate and filtered. A further 40 ml. of ethyl acetate 
was used to reextract the remaining solid and combined with the first 
ethyl acetate extract. The combined extracts were then evaporated to about 
20 ml., seeded and then cooled in a cold room. A copious solid precipitate 
appeared after about 30 minutes. The solid precipitate was separated by 
filtration, dried and yielded 3 grams of crystalline D-isoidide (m.p. 
48.degree.-50.degree. C.). 
EXAMPLE 9 
Preparation of D-isoidide dinitrate (DIIDN) 
3 g. of D-isoidide were dissolved in 22.5 ml. of 2:1 acetic acid; acetic 
anhydride. A solution was made up of 22.5 ml. of 1:1 acetic acid; acetic 
anhydride to which 7.5 ml. of fuming nitric acid was added, slowly with 
stirring to keep the temperature below 5.degree. C. The nitrating solution 
was then added to the D-isoidide solution slowly with stirring to keep the 
temperature below 5.degree. C. The solution was stirred at 4.degree. C. 
for two hours and then was poured in 600 ml. of water at 0.degree. C. and 
allowed to stand overnight. The solution was filtered, and about 2.5 gr. 
of a fluffy white solid was collected. This was boiled in 20 ml. of 
methane, treated with charcoal and hot filtered. On cooling the filtrate, 
long needle crystals were formed which were separated by filtration and 
dried under vacuum for a yield of 0.8 g. of DIDDN (m.p. 
63.degree.-66.degree. C.). The D-isoidide dinitrate exhibited an IR 
spectrum matching that of L-isoidide dinitrate and had a specific 
rotation, [.alpha.].sub.d.sup.22.5 of -97.6.degree.. 
EXAMPLE 10 
Preparation of the mononitrate ester of D-isoidide 
The procedure of Example 9 is repeated except that the amount of nitrating 
solution is 2.5 ml. of the 1:1 acetic acid; acetic anhydride mixture to 
which 0.85 ml. of fuming nitric acid is added, and D-isoidide mononitrate 
is recovered by extracting the aqueous reaction mixture twice with ether 
after standing overnight. The ether extract is reduced under vacuum and 
then freeze dried to give the mononitrate ester (m.p. 
18.degree.-19.degree. C.). 
The nitrate esters of D-isoidide, as noted above, are useful as 
cardiovascular agents. In general, they are used similarly to the nitrate 
esters of, for example, D-isosorbide. For example, D-isoidide dinitrate is 
useful as a replacement for D-isosorbide dinitrate in essentially the same 
formulations and dosage levels as D-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment 
of angina pectoris.