An eartip that includes at least one acoustic material filled port is provided. The port and the acoustic material contained therein provide the eartip with a controlled acoustic leakage path, thus allowing the user to tailor the performance of the earphones to which the eartips of the invention are attached. The provided eartip is attachable to a standard, generic earpiece, for example through the use of interlocking members (e.g., channel/lip arrangement). At least one port, in addition to the central opening by which the eartip is attached to the earphone, extends through the eartip. The port can have a circular cross-section, arcuate cross-section, or other shape. If desired, for example to increase the port area, the eartip can be designed with multiple ports surrounding the central opening. Within the port is an acoustic material with the desired acoustic impedance. The eartip can be coded to allow identification of the acoustic qualities of a particular eartip.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to audio monitors and, more particularly, to an earphone eartip.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Earphones, also referred to as in-ear monitors, canal phones and earpieces, are commonly used to listen to both recorded and live music. A typical recorded music application would involve plugging the earphone into a music player such as a CD player, flash or hard drive based MP3 player, home stereo, or similar device using the earphone's headphone jack. Alternately, the earphone can be wirelessly coupled to the music player. In a typical live music application, an on-stage musician wears the earphone in order to hear his or her own music during a performance.

Earphones are typically quite small and are worn just outside the ear canal. Prior art earphones use either one or more diaphragm-based drivers, one or more armature-based drivers, or a combination of both driver types. Broadly characterized, a diaphragm is a moving-coil speaker with a paper or mylar diaphragm. Since the cost to manufacture diaphragms is relatively low, they are widely used in many common audio products. In contrast to the diaphragm approach, an armature receiver utilizes a piston design. Due to the inherent cost of armature receivers, however, they are typically only found in hearing aids and high-end in-ear monitors.

Armature drivers, also referred to as balanced armatures, were originally developed by the hearing aid industry. This type of driver uses a magnetically balanced shaft or armature within a small, typically rectangular, enclosure. A single armature is capable of accurately reproducing low-frequency audio or high-frequency audio, but incapable of providing high-fidelity performance across all frequencies. To overcome this limitation, armature-based earphones often use two, or even three, armature drivers. In such multiple armature arrangements, a crossover network is used to divide the frequency spectrum into multiple regions, i.e., low and high or low, medium, and high. Separate armature drivers are then used for each region, individual armature drivers being optimized for each region. In contrast to the multi-driver approach often used with armature drivers, earpieces utilizing diaphragm drivers are typically limited to a single diaphragm due to the size of the diaphragm assembly. Unfortunately, as diaphragm-based monitors have significant frequency roll off above 4 kHz, an earpiece with a single diaphragm cannot achieve the desired upper frequency response while still providing an accurate low frequency response.

In addition to utilizing one or more high-fidelity drivers, professional-quality earphones are either custom molded or they use generic eartips, also referred to as sleeves. Eartips are typically fabricated from a soft, pliable material such as foam or silicon in order to achieve the desired snug fit within the user's ear canal. In use, the eartips isolate the user, thus insuring that the user can hear every nuance of the reproduced audio source by minimizing the audio interference caused by competing background noise.

Although sound isolating earphones meet the requirements of many users, for example professional musicians, some users prefer to be able to hear a degree of background sound. This preference may be for convenience, for example to hear the telephone while using the earphones, or for safety, for example to hear traffic and/or emergency vehicles while cycling. Currently users must select the type of earphone based on the intended use, or at least the primary intended use. As a result, either the user must buy multiple earphone sets to accommodate different uses, or suffer with varying performance inadequacies. The present invention is designed to overcome this problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an eartip that includes at least one acoustic material filled port, the port and the acoustic material contained therein providing the eartip with a path for controlled acoustic leakage. As a result of this controlled acoustic leakage, the user is able to tailor the performance of the earphones to which the eartips of the invention are attached, for example allowing varying levels of ambient sound to intrude upon the sound produced by the earphone, thereby limiting the sound isolation afforded by the eartip. The controlled acoustic leakage of the eartip can also be used to tailor the response of the earphone, for example lessening the earphone's base response.

The eartip of the invention is attachable to a standard, generic earphone, for example through the use of interlocking members (e.g., channel/lip arrangement). At least one port, in addition to the central opening by which the eartip is attached to the earphone, extends through the eartip. The port can have a circular cross-section, arcuate cross-section, or other shape. If desired, for example to increase the port area, the eartip can be designed with multiple ports surrounding the central opening. Within the port is an acoustic material with the desired acoustic impedance. Typical acoustic materials are fabricated from foam or fibrous material, although the invention is not limited to these materials. Preferably the eartip of the invention includes an indicator, such as color coding, that allows the user to easily identify the acoustic qualities of the selected eartip.

In one embodiment of the invention, a kit of eartip pairs of varying acoustic impedance is provided. The user selects the eartip pair based on the desired earphone performance, thus allowing the earphone frequency response and/or the degree of sound isolation to be varied as preferred.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1is a cross-sectional view of a generic earphone100in accordance with the prior art. Earphone100, also referred to herein as an earpiece, in-ear monitor and canalphone, includes a low-frequency driver armature driver101and a high-frequency armature driver103. A circuit105, such as a passive crossover circuit or an active crossover circuit, provides input to armature drivers101and103. Crossover circuit105is coupled to the external sound source (not shown) via a cable107. Only a portion of cable107is shown. The external sound source may be selected from any of a variety of sources such as an audio receiver, mixer, music player, headphone amplifier or other source type. As is well known in the industry, earphone100can also be wirelessly coupled to the desired source. Although dual armature drivers are shown inFIG. 1, it will be appreciated that the invention is equally applicable to other driver configurations, for example with fewer or greater numbers of drivers as well as those using either diaphragm drivers, armature drivers, or both.

As illustrated, the output from each driver enters an acoustic mixing chamber109within sound delivery member111. A single sound delivery tube113delivers the mixed audio from the two drivers through the sound delivery member111to the user. Sound delivery member111is designed to fit within the outer ear canal of the user and as such, is generally cylindrical in shape. It will be appreciated that although a single sound delivery tube113is shown in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1, the invention is not limited to earphones of this design. For example, assuming the use of multiple drivers, multiple sound delivery tubes can be used as described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/051,865, filed Feb. 4, 2005, and 11/333,151, filed Jan. 17, 2006, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein for any and all purposes. An exemplary embodiment of a multiple sound tube configuration is shown inFIG. 2. As shown, sound delivery member201of earphone200includes two separate sound delivery tubes203/205, corresponding to drivers101and103, respectively. Preferably a boot member207, which can also be used in other configurations such as that shown inFIG. 1, attaches to sound delivery member201, boot member207securing the components to the sound delivery member.

Regardless of the configuration, earphones utilizing the present invention can include internal dampers, also commonly referred to as acoustic filters. Although not shown inFIG. 1, the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2includes a pair of dampers209/211interposed between the drivers101/103and sound delivery tubes203/205. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1, the damper could be located within the mixing chamber109, for example. Dampers, interposed between the driver(s) and the sound delivery tube(s) and/or the sound delivery tube(s) and the earphone output, are often used to tune the earphone, for example by reducing the output level for a particular frequency range or reducing the overall sound pressure level.

An outer earphone enclosure115attaches to sound delivery member111(or member201inFIG. 2). Earphone enclosure115protects the drivers (e.g., drivers101/103) and any required earphone circuitry (e.g., crossover circuit105) from damage while providing a convenient means of securing cable107, or a cable socket, to the earphone. Enclosure115can be attached to member111(or member201) using interlocking members (e.g., groove117, lip119). Alternately, an adhesive or other means can be used to attach enclosure115to member111(or member201). Enclosure115can be fabricated from any of a variety of materials, thus allowing the designer and/or user to select the material's firmness (i.e., hard to soft), texture, color, etc. Enclosure115can be either custom molded or designed with a generic shape.

Attached to the end portion of sound delivery member111(or member201) is an eartip121, also referred to as an eartip sleeve or simply a sleeve. Eartip121can be fabricated from any of a variety of materials including foam, plastic and silicon-based material. Sleeve121can have the generally cylindrical and smooth shape shown inFIGS. 1 and 2, or can include one or more flanges. To hold sleeve121onto member111(or member201) during normal use but still allow the sleeve to be replaced when desired, typically the eartip includes a lip portion123which is fit into a corresponding channel or groove125in sound delivery member111(or groove213in sound delivery member201ofFIG. 2). The combination of an interlocking groove125with a lip123provides a convenient means of replacing eartip121, allowing sleeves of various sizes, shapes, or colors to be easily attached to the earphone. As a result, it is easy to provide the end user with a comfortable fit at a fraction of the cost of a custom fit (i.e., molded) earphone. Additionally, the use of interlocking members123and125allow worn out eartips to be quickly and easily replaced. It will be appreciated that other eartip mounting methods can be used with earphone100. For example, eartip121can be attached to sound delivery member111using pressure fittings, bonding, etc.

Although eartip121, as illustrated in the cross-sectional views ofFIGS. 1 and 2, is solid, it will be appreciated that other configurations can be used. For example,FIG. 3is a cross-sectional view of an alternate eartip300. As shown, preferably eartip300includes a lip portion301, thus allowing it to be easily attached to the sound delivery member groove as previously described and illustrated relative to eartip121. Portion303of eartip300is cylindrically-shaped, thus providing a secure fit against the barrel-shaped portion of the sound delivery member (e.g., portion127of member111, portion215of member201, etc.). Eartip300also includes a pliable portion305designed to provide both a tight and comfortable fit within the user's ear canal.

In accordance with the invention, one or more controlled acoustic leakage ports are included within the eartip. It should be appreciated that the controlled leakage ports of the invention are not simply open ports, rather they are ports that include a material selected to provide the desired acoustic impedance. Uncontrolled leakage, i.e., that resulting from an open port, is undesirable as it degrades the sound quality to an unacceptable level. Accordingly the present invention provides controlled leakage, thus achieving the benefits of a ported earphone without the significant drawbacks associated with an open port.

FIGS. 4 and 5are cross-sectional views of eartips400and500, similar to eartips121and300, respectively, except for the inclusion of controlled impedance ports401and501. As shown, ports401and501are cylindrically-shaped and filled with the desired acoustic material403.FIGS. 6 and 7provide end views of eartips400and500, respectively.

The acoustic impedance of an eartip designed in accordance with the invention depends, in part, on the area of the controlled impedance port or ports integrated into the eartip. The primary constraint placed on the available area for integrating one or more ports into the eartip is the surface area of the exit surface of the eartip that opens into the ear canal, as opposed to the side surfaces of the eartip that are immediately adjacent to, and fit against, the inner ear canal. Additionally, the back surface of the port or ports must remain unblocked when the eartip is attached to the earphone. Thus, for example, the back surface405of port401in eartip400is moved away from the centerline to insure that it is not blocked when attached to sound delivery member111.

It should be appreciated that there are countless designs for the port, depending upon the desired port area. For example,FIG. 8is an illustration of an end view of an eartip with multiple ports801surrounding the central eartip opening803. In the alternate design shown inFIG. 9, port901is circular, surrounding the entire central eartip opening. In another alternate design shown inFIG. 10, multiple arcuate ports1001surround the central eartip opening.

The acoustic material comprising the eartip acoustic ports of the invention can be fabricated from any of a variety of materials, although typically the material is either made of a foam or a fibrous material (e.g., woven cloth-like material). The acoustic material is selected on the basis of its acoustic impedance such that the selected material provides the desired acoustic transmission. If desired, the selected acoustic material can also be selected on the basis of its acoustic transmission for a specific range of frequencies, for example preferentially transmitting the range of frequencies that include voices and emergency sirens.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the user is provided with multiple eartip pairs, assuming a headset with both left and right channels, each eartip pair having a different acoustic impedance. Thus the user is able to tailor the acoustic properties of their headset for a particular use. Furthermore given the easy interchangeability of eartips, the user is able to quickly modify their headset as needed. Preferably each eartip includes an identifier such as a color code or other marking, thus allowing its acoustic properties to be quickly ascertained.

In addition to providing a means of adjusting the sound isolation properties of a set of earphones, the controlled leakage eartips of the present invention can also be used to adjust the frequency response of the earphones. As a result, it is possible for a single set of earphones to be adjusted to match the listening preferences of a variety of users. For example, the base response of a set of earphones can be easily adjusted by varying the leakage of the eartips.

As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the disclosures and descriptions herein are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention which is set forth in the following claims.