Unlocking electronic notepads for writing

Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for detecting an identifier communication from a writing implement and transitioning a previously modified interior page of an electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more stored identifiers. Moreover, a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad may be maintained in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments generally relate to electronic notepads. More particularly, embodiments relate to unlocking electronic notepads for writing.

BACKGROUND

Mobile systems/devices such as tablet computers and smart phones may be equipped with a touch screen, a stylus and an electronic notepad application that emulates a physical notepad. Electronic notepads, however, may have a number of functional differences from physical notepads that detract from the user experience. For example, for security reasons, conventional mobile devices may enter a locked state after a certain period of inactivity on the part of the user (e.g., the user stops writing to contemplate or handle other tasks). In such a case, unlocking the mobile device may involve user actions (e.g., entering login information) that delay the manual process of writing (e.g., compared to merely opening a physical notepad). Moreover, once the mobile device is unlocked, locating the most recently accessed page of the electronic notepad may involve a considerable amount of effort on the part of the user (e.g., compared to selecting a bookmarked or “rabbit-eared” page of a physical notepad).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Turning now toFIG. 1, a user-based system10is shown in which a first portion12includes a first display14that presents applications (e.g., operating system/OS applications, user applications, etc.) and a second portion16includes a second display18that presents an electronic notepad (e.g., virtual scratch pad, “e-ink” screen). In this regard, the system10may also include a writing implement20(e.g., stylus, pen) that may be used by an individual (e.g., person, author, user, not shown) to handwrite information onto pages of the electronic notepad. In one example, the displays14,18are touchscreens, although other interaction technologies may also be used. As will be discussed in greater detail, the system10may enable layered access to the pages of the electronic notepad that achieves an optimal balance between security and user convenience. Although the illustrated system10has a convertible tablet form factor, other form factors may also be used. For example, the system10might include a smart phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device (e.g., smart watch, eyewear, clothing, jewelry, etc.), media player, notebook computer, desktop computer, kiosk, and so forth.

FIG. 2shows a set of electronic notepad pages22(22a-22n) that may be presented, accessed and edited on a display such as, for example, the second display18(FIG. 1). In the illustrated example, various levels of access are established based on the status of the interaction between the user and the mobile system. More particularly, a first level (“Level1”) may enable access only to a cover page22aand a second level (“Level2”) may enable additional access to a previously modified interior page22d(e.g., current and/or most recently edited page). Additional interior pages may include one or more non-private pages22b,22c,22ethat are accessed at a third level (“Level3”) and one or more private pages22i(e.g., containing secret and/or sensitive information) that are accessed at a fourth level (“Level4”). The non-private pages22b,22c,22emay be considered to contain confidential information to the extent that they have a greater level of protection than the cover page22aand the previously modified interior page22d.

As the access level increases, the criteria for granting access may become more stringent. For example, a lifting motion of the writing implement, a button press on the writing implement and/or mere proximity between the writing implement and the system containing the electronic notepad may automatically transition the cover page22afrom a locked state to an unlocked state (i.e., unlocking Level1). By contrast, in order to transition the previously modified interior page22dfrom the locked state to the unlocked state (i.e., unlocking Level2), the system might validate an identifier (ID) communication from the writing implement, wherein the identifier communication contains a unique ID of the writing implement. The unique ID of the writing implement may be registered and stored beforehand during, for example, a training phase/procedure. The Level2usage model may therefore closely emulate a physical notepad usage model in which the individual is able to open the notepad to a bookmarked page (or a page with a folded corner) and immediately continue writing. Moreover, security concerns may be obviated by maintaining the additional interior pages such as, for example, the non-private pages22b,22cand the private page22iin the locked state while the electronic notepad is at Level2.

In order to transition the non-private pages22b,22cfrom the locked state to the unlocked state (e.g., unlocking Level3), the system may validate a writing pattern (e.g., handwriting style, speed of writing, angle of the writing implement, pressure applied to the implement tip) with regard to the previously modified interior page22dof the electronic notepad. In some implementations, a special region (e.g., text box, not shown) may be designated on the previously modified interior page22dor the cover page22awhere the individual signs or writes a specific pre-defined pattern to be verified. The writing pattern may also be registered and stored during the training phase/procedure. Of particular note is that the private page22imay be maintained in the locked state while the electronic notepad is at Level3.

Additionally, transitioning the private page22ifrom the locked state to the unlocked state (e.g., unlocking Level4), may involve validating a login request (e.g., user identifier, password, personal identification number/PIN, biometric data, authentication token from another wearable device, etc.). Level4may also enable the individual to perform other actions such as, for example, clearing handwriting training data (e.g., if the system is transferred to another individual), clearing the registered ID of the writing implement, adding a new unique ID of another writing implement, marking/designating the current page, changing the contents of the cover page22a, define a specific region or text box on the previously modified interior page22dor the cover page22a(e.g., including the pre-determined pattern), and so forth. With regard to the current page, any interior page such as, for example, the non-private page22cmay be designated as the current page (e.g., if the individual is editing previously handwritten content).

FIG. 3shows a method24of operating a notepad management apparatus. The method24may generally be implemented in a system such as, for example, the system10(FIG. 1). More particularly, the method24may be implemented in one or more modules as a set of logic instructions stored in a machine- or computer-readable storage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), firmware, flash memory, etc., in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays (PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), in fixed-functionality logic hardware using circuit technology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistor-transistor logic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof. For example, computer program code to carry out operations shown in method24may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as JAVA, SMALLTALK, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages.

Illustrated processing block26begins at “Level0” in which no pages of the electronic notepad are visible (i.e., all pages are in the locked state). Block28may detect a writing implement (e.g., a pen) in proximity to the electronic notepad and/or a user intent to write. A determination may be made at block30as to whether a timeout has occurred. If not, illustrated block32confirms whether the pen is still in proximity to the electronic notepad. Blocks28and32may be conducted in different ways depending on the circumstances. In one example, the approach of the stylus to the system is detected, wherein a stylus signal may be detected within, for example, about 15-20 cm of proximity to the screen and within a few miliseconds (˜15-30 ms). In some implementations, the writing implement may not be continuously transmitting in order to conserve power. In such a case, the writing implement may include an accelerometer to sense motion, or a specific motion such as lifting the writing implement. The detected motion may then trigger the transmission of the stylus signal. Therefore, by the time the writing implement comes within proximity of the device, it may be transmitting a signal that is detected by the system containing the electronic notepad. In another scenario, the writing implement may include a physical button that uses Bluetooth or some other longer range signal to wake the system. Accordingly, pressing the button may also signify the user intent to write.

If the proximity condition is not satisfied at block32, the illustrated method24returns to block28. If the proximity condition is satisfied, illustrated block34transitions the electronic notepad to Level1by unlocking only the cover page. Block36may then determine whether a timeout has occurred. If no timeout has occurred, illustrated block38determines whether the unique ID of the writing implement corresponds to one or more stored identifiers. In this regard, the writing implement may be assigned a globally unique ID (e.g., in accordance with a standard such as, for example, the USI/Universal Stylus Initiative standard). The unique ID may be communicated via a downlink to the system containing the electronic notepad. As already noted, the user may register the writing implement with the system when user is logged in and has full access to the system. During the registration, the globally unique ID of the writing implement may be transmitted by the writing implement to the system, and stored on the system in a non-volatile memory (NVM). Once the registration is complete, the unique ID may be used later to authenticate the writing implement. Accordingly, when the user brings the writing implement into proximity of the system, the writing implement may send the unique ID to the system, wherein the system matches the received ID with the registered ID.

If a match is not detected at block38(e.g., the identifier communication does not correspond to one or more stored identifiers), the illustrated method24returns to block34and maintains the electronic notepad at Level1(e.g., maintaining all pages except the cover page in the locked state). If a match is detected at block38, block40may transition the electronic notepad to Level2by unlocking the current page (e.g., a previously modified interior page) in addition to the cover page. Block40may be conducted relatively quickly (e.g., within 50-100 ms), so that there are no usability concerns with regard to delays.

Block42may then record and/or analyze the writing activity on the current page. Block42may provide for documenting the handwriting style, speed of writing, angle of the writing implement, pressure applied to the implement tip, and so forth. A determination may be made at block44as to whether a timeout has occurred. If not, illustrated block46determines whether the writing activity corresponds to one or more stored writing patterns. More particularly, a training phase/procedure may be conducted while the user is writing on the device in Level4(i.e., fully unlocked system). It may be assumed that a user having access to the system in the Level4state is the rightful owner and an authenticated user. Of particular note is that the training phase may not require any explicit act from the user. Rather, the training phase may be conducted in the background when user is writing on the electronic notepad. For example, the user might write for less than five minutes in order to collect enough writing activity data to conduct a match. Once the data is collected, it may be stored (e.g., in NVM) for future verifications of user writing patterns. Thus, while the user is writing on the current page in Level2, the writing pattern may be implicitly verified against the stored patterns. As already noted, a special region (e.g., a text box) may also be designated on the current page or the cover page for signing or writing a specific pre-defined verification pattern.

If no match is detected at block46(e.g., the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the stored writing patterns), the illustrated method24returns to block42and continues to record and/or analyze the writing activity. If a match is detected at block46, block48may transition the electronic notepad to Level3by unlocking one or more non-private pages of the notepad (e.g., enabling the individual to view and/or edict earlier work). A determination may then be made at block50as to whether a timeout has occurred. If a timeout has not occurred at block50, illustrated block52determines whether a login request corresponds to stored login information (e.g., the user has successfully logged into the system). If the user has not successfully logged into the system, the illustrated method24returns to block48and maintains the electronic notepad at Level3(e.g., maintaining private pages in the locked state).

If it is determined at block52that the user has successfully logged into the system, block54may transition the electronic notepad to Level4by unlocking one or more private pages of the notepad. Illustrated block56determines whether a timeout has occurred. If a timeout has not occurred at block56, the method24may return to block54and maintain the electronic notepad at Level4. If a timeout is detected at blocks30,36,44,50or56, illustrated block58transitions the electronic notepad back to Level0by placing all pages of the notepad in the locked state. Returning the electronic notepad to Level0during periods of inactivity may enhance security as well as reduce power consumption.

Similar to verifying the user writing pattern as described above, there may be alternative ways of verifying the user (e.g., depending on cost implications). For example, the writing implement may include one or more barrel pressure sensors that enable detection of the grip of the user. Since each user may hold the writing implement in a unique way, grip, pressure and angle sensors in the writing implement may generate a unique ID of the user for authentication. Additionally, the writing implement may include a fingerprint sensor, wherein as the user holds the writing implement, fingerprint information may be verified by the system. Moreover, the writing implement may establish a Bluetooth communication link to a wearable device, such as, for example, a smart watch, a security wristband etc. In such a case, the wearable device may provide the writing implement with a user authentication token that the writing implement presents to the system. Such an approach may enable the individual to use multiple pens to write, since the authentication data is provided by the secure wearable device. In addition, depending on the level of authentication provided by the wearable device, the system may enter Level3or even Level4(e.g., if fingerprint data is used).

FIG. 4shows a notepad management apparatus60(60a-60g) that may be used to enhance user experience with respect to a system such as the user-based system10(FIG. 1). The apparatus60, which may include fixed-functionality logic hardware, configurable logic, logic instructions, etc., or any combination thereof, may generally implement one or more aspects of the method24(FIG. 3), already discussed. In the illustrated example, the apparatus60includes an implement monitor60ato detect an identifier communication originating from a writing implement (e.g., stylus, pen, not shown) and a current page access controller60bto transition a previously modified interior page of an electronic notepad from a locked state to the unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more stored identifiers. Additionally, a security manager60cmay maintain a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state. Moreover, the security manager60cmay maintain the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers.

The apparatus60may also include a handwriting monitor60dto detect writing activity with respect to the writing implement and the previously modified interior page, wherein the plurality of additional interior pages include one or more private pages and one or more non-private pages. Additionally, a non-private access controller60emay transition the one or more non-private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the writing activity corresponds to one or more stored writing patterns. In such a case, the security manager60cmay maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state while the one or more non-private pages are in the locked state. If, however, the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored writing patterns, the security manager60cmay also maintain the one or more non-private pages in the locked state.

The illustrated apparatus60also includes an authentication monitor60fto detect a login request and a private access controller60gto transition the one or more private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the login request corresponds to stored login information. The security manager60cmay maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state if the login request does not correspond to the stored login information.

Turning now toFIG. 5, a user-based system64is shown. The system64may be readily substituted for the user-based system10(FIG. 1), already discussed. In the illustrated example, the system64includes a battery66to supply power to the system64and a host processor68(e.g., central processing unit/CPU) having an integrated memory controller (IMC)70, which may communicate with system memory72. The system memory72may include, for example, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) configured as one or more memory modules such as, for example, dual inline memory modules (DIMMs), small outline DIMMs (SODIMMs), etc.

The illustrated system64also includes an input output (IO) module74implemented together with the host processor68on a semiconductor die (not shown) as a system on chip (SoC), wherein the IO module74functions as a host device and may communicate with, for example, a display78and mass storage80(e.g., flash memory, block storage, solid state disk/SSD, etc.). The display78may include, for example, a sensor76(e.g., capacitive touch sensor layer) having an array of electrodes arranged in a grid pattern that detects changes in capacitance. In one example, the sensor76maintains an uplink84and a downlink86with a stylus88(e.g., writing implement) and the display78presents an electronic notepad. The display78may also interact with the stylus88via a passive conductive element (e.g., passive tip) of the stylus88or wireless signals transmitted by the stylus88.

For example, the stylus88might include a tip that transmits a signal by modulating the voltage of the tip of the stylus88. These voltage modulations may then couple to the electrodes in the sensor76in the form of the downlink86. The spatial profile of the downlink86voltage signal may be used by the IO module74to locate the stylus88, and the voltage modulation may be used to communicate ancillary data such as, for example, force, pen unique ID and button presses. The communication between the stylus88and the display78may be near field communications (NFC) that are limited to a distance of a few centimeters. Moreover, the location and ancillary data from the stylus88may be communicated from the IO module74to the host processor68via an interface90such as, for example, an I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit, e.g., I2C Specification UM10204, Rev. 03, Jun. 19, 2007, NXP Semiconductors), USB (Universal Serial Bus, e.g., USB Specification 3.1, Rev. 1.0, Jul. 26, 2013, USB Implementers Forum) and/or SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) or any other suitable type of bus.

In a typical touch enabled interaction, an array of X-lines may be driven in the sensor76. After driving the lines, a perpendicular array of Y-lines may be sensed to measure the capacitance levels and capacitance changes. The voltage may also be modulated to create a signal on the X-line electrodes. Such a signal may be received by the stylus88in the form of the uplink84, wherein the uplink84may be used to transmit configuration and timing information from the IO module74through the sensor76to the stylus88. Accordingly, the two way communication between the display78and the stylus88may enable data to be exchanged in order to conduct “in-range” discovery, capability discovery and data transfer.

Additionally, the system memory72and/or the mass storage80may be part of a memory subsystem that stores one or more identifiers. The memory subsystem may also include cache, registers, and so forth. The host processor68may include logic82(e.g., implemented in logic instructions, configurable logic, fixed-functionality logic hardware, etc., or any combination thereof) that causes the host processor68to operate as a notepad management apparatus such as, for example, the apparatus60(FIG. 4), already discussed. More particularly, the logic82may detect an identifier communication originating from the stylus88. The identifier communication may be obtained, for example, via the downlink86, the sensor76and the IO module74. Additionally, the logic82may transition a previously modified interior page of the electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more of the identifiers stored in the memory subsystem. The logic82may also maintain a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state. In one example, the logic82maintains the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers. The logic82, which may be implemented elsewhere in the system64, may also selectively unlock non-private pages, private pages, and so forth, in a manner that closely emulates the usage of a physical notepad.

ADDITIONAL NOTES AND EXAMPLES

Example 1 may include a user-based system comprising a writing implement, a display to present an electronic notepad, a memory subsystem to store one or more identifiers, and a notepad access subsystem comprising an implement monitor to detect an identifier communication originating from the writing implement, a current page access controller to transition a previously modified interior page of the electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to the stored one or more identifiers, and a security manager to maintain a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state.

Example 2 may include the system of Example 1, wherein the memory is to store one or more writing patterns and the notepad access subsystem further includes a handwriting monitor to detect writing activity with respect to the writing implement and the previously modified interior page, wherein the plurality of additional interior pages include one or more private pages and one or more non-private pages, a non-private access controller to transition the one or more non-private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the writing activity corresponds to the stored one or more writing patterns, wherein the security manager is to maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state while the one or more non-private pages are in the unlocked state.

Example 3 may include the system of Example 2, wherein the security manager is to maintain the one or more non-private pages in the locked state if the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored writing patterns.

Example 4 may include the system of Example 2, wherein the memory subsystem is to store login information and the notepad access subsystem further includes an authentication monitor to detect a login request, and a private access controller to transition the one or more private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the login request corresponds to the stored login information.

Example 5 may include the system of Example 4, wherein the security manager is to maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state if the login request does not correspond to the stored login information.

Example 6 may include the system of any one of Examples 1 to 6, wherein the security manager is to maintain the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers.

Example 7 may include a notepad management apparatus comprising an implement monitor to detect an identifier communication originating from a writing implement, a current page access controller to transition a previously modified interior page of an electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more stored identifiers, and a security manager to maintain a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state.

Example 8 may include the apparatus of Example 7, further including a handwriting monitor to detect writing activity with respect to the writing implement and the previously modified interior page, wherein the plurality of additional interior pages include one or more private pages and one or more non-private pages, a non-private access controller to transition the one or more non-private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the writing activity corresponds to one or more stored writing patterns, wherein the security manager is to maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state while the one or more non-private pages are in the unlocked state.

Example 9 may include the apparatus of Example 8, wherein the security manager is to maintain the one or more non-private pages in the locked state if the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored writing patterns.

Example 10 may include the apparatus of Example 8, further including an authentication monitor to detect a login request, and a private access controller to transition the one or more private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the login request corresponds to stored login information.

Example 11 may include the apparatus of Example 10, wherein the security manager is to maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state if the login request does not correspond to the stored login information.

Example 12 may include the apparatus of any one of Examples 7 to 11, wherein the security manager is to maintain the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers.

Example 13 may include a method of operating a notepad management apparatus comprising detecting an identifier communication originating from a writing implement, transitioning a previously modified interior page of an electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more stored identifiers, and maintaining a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state.

Example 14 may include the method of Example 13, further including detecting writing activity with respect to the writing implement and the previously modified interior page, wherein the plurality of additional interior pages include one or more private pages and one or more non-private pages, transitioning the one or more non-private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the writing activity corresponds to one or more stored writing patterns, and maintaining the one or more private pages in the locked state while the one or more non-private pages are in the unlocked state.

Example 15 may include the method of Example 14, further including maintaining the one or more non-private pages in the locked state if the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored writing patterns.

Example 16 may include the method of Example 14, further including detecting a login request, and transitioning the one or more private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the login request corresponds to stored login information.

Example 17 may include the method of Example 16, further including maintaining the one or more private pages in the locked state if the login request does not correspond to the stored login information.

Example 18 may include the method of any one of Examples 13 to 17, further including maintaining the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers.

Example 19 may include at least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to detect an identifier communication originating from a writing implement, transition a previously modified interior page of an electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more stored identifiers, and maintain a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state.

Example 20 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 19, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to detect writing activity with respect to the writing implement and the previously modified interior page, wherein the plurality of additional interior pages include one or more private pages and one or more non-private pages, transition the one or more non-private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the writing activity corresponds to one or more stored writing patterns, and maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state while the one or more non-private pages are in the unlocked state.

Example 21 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 20, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to maintain the one or more non-private pages in the locked state if the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored writing patterns.

Example 22 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 20, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to detect a login request, and transition the one or more private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the login request corresponds to stored login information.

Example 23 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of Example 22, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to maintain the one or more private pages in the locked state if the login request does not correspond to the stored login information.

Example 24 may include the at least one computer readable storage medium of any one of Examples 19 to 23, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause a computing device to maintain the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers.

Example 25 may include a notepad management apparatus comprising means for detecting an identifier communication originating from a writing implement, means for transitioning a previously modified interior page of an electronic notepad from a locked state to an unlocked state if the identifier communication corresponds to one or more stored identifiers, and means for maintaining a plurality of additional interior pages of the electronic notepad in the locked state while the previously modified interior page is in the unlocked state.

Example 26 may include the apparatus of Example 25, further including means for detecting writing activity with respect to the writing implement and the previously modified interior page, wherein the plurality of additional interior pages include one or more private pages and one or more non-private pages, means for transitioning the one or more non-private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the writing activity corresponds to one or more stored writing patterns, and means for maintaining the one or more private pages in the locked state while the one or more non-private pages are in the unlocked state.

Example 27 may include the apparatus of Example 26, further including means for maintaining the one or more non-private pages in the locked state if the writing activity does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored writing patterns.

Example 28 may include the apparatus of Example 26, further including means for detecting a login request, and means for transitioning the one or more private pages from the locked state to the unlocked state if the login request corresponds to stored login information.

Example 29 may include the apparatus of Example 28, further including means for maintaining the one or more private pages in the locked state if the login request does not correspond to the stored login information.

Example 30 may include the apparatus of any one of Examples 25 to 29, further including means for maintaining the previously modified interior page in the locked state if the identifier communication does not correspond to at least one of the one or more stored identifiers.

Techniques described herein may therefore provide a natural write-first user experience with regard to electronic notepads. Moreover, the techniques may achieve the optimal balance between security and ease-of-use.