Vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems

The disclosure describes vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems and techniques that can facilitate communications between a police officer and a driver within vehicles in a manner that removes the police officer from a proximity of the driver and enables real-time communication between the police officer and the driver. A vehicle mountable robotic and communication system can deliver a communication device from a police vehicle to a driver vehicle so that the police officer and the driver may remain separated during part or all of a traffic stop or other temporary detention. This communication device can provide a sensory or communicative interface to permit the police officer to collect additional information of the environment of the driver and/or permit the police officer and the driver to engage in two-way communication.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure describes robotic and communication systems, in particular, vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems.

BACKGROUND

Temporary detentions by administrative agents, such as traffic stops of drivers by police officers, can present many dangers for both the administrative agent and the subject of the temporary detention. As an example, a police officer approaching an unknown driver can face risks from the environment, such as a risk of being struck by a passing vehicle, or risks from the driver, such as a risk of a driver speeding-off as the police officer approaches the vehicle, or a driver who could be armed and dangerous. The driver stopped by the police officer can also face risks from the environment, such as the risk of being injured by a passing vehicle, or risks from the police officer, such as injury from the police officer due to a misunderstanding that could arise from uncertainty or fear.

Some of these risks can be mitigated through improved safety processes, such as a process in which the driver commands a vehicle to exit a freeway before stopping or a process in which the police officer approaches the passenger-side window of the vehicle away from traffic. Other risks, such as risks associated with direct interactions between the police officer and the driver, can be mitigated by enhanced police training. However, such police training may not address all risks associated with a temporary detention, such as risks associated with asymmetrical information possessed by the police officer and the driver.

SUMMARY

Described herein are vehicle-mounted apparatuses that can reduce a risk to an administrative agent during a temporary detention. In general, the disclosure describes vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems and techniques that can facilitate communications between a police officer and a driver within vehicles in a manner that removes the police officer from a proximity of the driver during all or a portion of the temporary detention and enables real-time communication between the police officer and the driver during the temporary detention. A vehicle mountable robotic and communication system can deliver a communication device from a police vehicle to a driver vehicle so that the police officer and the driver may remain separated during part or all of a traffic stop or other temporary detention. This communication device can provide a sensory or communicative interface to permit the police officer to collect additional information of the environment of the driver and/or permit the police officer and the driver to engage in two-way communication. While the driver can use the communication system while seated in his/her car, the police officer can use the communication system from either inside or outside of his/her vehicle through use of a wireless interface. In this way, the vehicle mountable robotic and communication system can extend or supplement collection and/or transmission of information during a temporary detention.

The systems and techniques discussed herein can provide one or more technical advantages that enable at least one practical application. For example, a vehicle mountable robotic and communication system can increase the safety of police officers and drivers without significantly affecting the human-to-human interactions. As one example, the systems and techniques discussed herein can protect police officers and/or drivers from risks associated with an environment. Because the officer and the driver remain separate and/or in their respective vehicles during part or all of a traffic stop conducted through the communication device, the techniques can reduce a likelihood or severity of the police officer and/or driver being struck by a passing vehicle. As another example, the systems and techniques discussed herein can provide a safe communication environment between the police officer and the driver. By removing the police officer from a proximity of the driver during part or all of a traffic stop, a vehicle mountable robotic and communication system can reduce a likelihood or severity of injury from a miscommunication that may be exacerbated by physical presence of the police officer in physical proximity to the driver. As another example, the systems and techniques discussed herein can preserve existing procedures conducted during traffic stops by permitting real-time one-way or two-way communication. As another example, the system and techniques discussed herein can provide additional functions outside communication that can be useful for a traffic stop. For example, a vehicle mountable robotic and communication system can deploy an immobilization device to prevent the driver from fleeing the scene once pulled over. The robotic and communication system can be adapted to a vehicle without modifying the existing vehicle architecture. For example, the robotic and communication system can be mounted at a variety of locations on a vehicle, including existing support structures such as racks and bull bars.

In one example, this disclosure describes a vehicle mountable robotic and communication system that includes a communication device and a delivery device. The communication device is configured to capture data from an interior and exterior environment of a first vehicle (e.g., a detained vehicle), capture user input from an occupant of the first vehicle, and transmit the data and the user input to a second vehicle (e.g., a police vehicle). The delivery device is configured to position the communication device proximate to the first vehicle.

In another example, this disclosure describes a method that includes positioning, by a delivery device, a communication device proximate to a first vehicle (e.g., a detained vehicle). The method further includes capturing, by the communication device, data from an interior and exterior environment of the first vehicle and user input from an occupant of the first vehicle. The method further includes transmitting, by the communication device, the data and the user input to a second vehicle (e.g., a police vehicle).

DETAIL DESCRIPTION

In examples described herein, a vehicle mountable robotic and communication system includes a communication device configured to facilitate communications between an occupant of a first vehicle, such as a driver in a detained vehicle during a temporary detention (e.g., a temporary traffic detention, an administrative stop, a border check, a cargo inspection, etc.), and an occupant of a second vehicle, such as a police officer in a police vehicle. The vehicle mountable robotic and communication system also includes a delivery device configured to extend the communication device from the police vehicle to the detained vehicle and a mount configured to secure the delivery device to the police vehicle. For example, the mount can be mounted at a driver-side or front of the police vehicle. The delivery device can extend the communication device from the police vehicle to the detained vehicle to deliver the communication device. When the communication device is proximate to the detained vehicle, the communication device can capture data, such as image or audio data, from an interior and/or exterior of the detained vehicle or can capture user input from the occupant of the detained vehicle. The communication device can also transmit the captured data and captured user input to the police vehicle.

In this way, vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems described herein can facilitate communications between an occupant of a first vehicle, such as a driver in a detained vehicle, and an occupant of a second vehicle, such as a police officer in a police vehicle, while allowing both the police officer and the driver to remain in their respective vehicles without significantly affecting the human-to-human interactions between the police officer and the driver. For example, a driver may have certain expectations as to various procedures and norms regarding behavior and interaction during a temporary traffic detention. The vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems can maintain various modes of communication, such as real-time two-way communication with the driver seated in the vehicle, to preserve these expectations of the driver regarding the temporary traffic detention and reduce the uncertainty of the driver. At the same time, the vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems can enable the police officer and the driver to maintain separation throughout the temporary traffic detention, such that the police officer may remain in the police vehicle, or until the police officer determines that the environment in and around the vehicle is secure, such that the police officer may exit the police vehicle with reduced uncertainty as to dangers that may present during the temporary detention. As an example, while the driver, while seated, uses the vehicle mountable robotic and communication system in the detained vehicle, the police officer can use the vehicle mountable robotic communication system from either inside or outside of the police vehicle through use of a wireless interface.

FIG. 1is a block diagram illustrating an example vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100for facilitating communication between an occupant of a first vehicle102and an occupant of a second vehicle104, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In the example ofFIG. 1, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100includes communication device110, delivery device124, and mount126.

In some examples, second vehicle104may be a vehicle belonging to a detaining entity, such as a police officer, and first vehicle102may be a vehicle belonging to an individual being detained by the detaining entity, such as a driver suspected of an infraction. In such examples, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can be configured to facilitate communication between first vehicle102and second vehicle104so that procedures associated with the temporary traffic detention can be followed with a reduced likelihood or severity of incident between the police officer and the driver or another occupant of first vehicle102. While the below examples may be described with respect to a detaining entity temporarily detaining an individual, in other examples, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100may be configured to facilitate communication between other entities and/or for other purposes. For example, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can facilitate communication in any temporary detention event involving two-way communication in which physical proximity between a detaining entity and a detained entity may increase the risk of injury. As one example, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can facilitate communication between a police officer in a police vehicle and a driver in a detained vehicle during a traffic stop, in which dangers from both the detained vehicle and other vehicles may be present. As another example, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can facilitate communications between vehicles at a border crossing.

Second vehicle104can include any vehicle capable of transporting and securing vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100during operation including, but not limited to, automobiles, boats, and the like. For example, second vehicle104can be configured to house part or all of vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100, transport vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100to various locations, and operate vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100while remaining relatively stationary and/or stable.

Second vehicle104can include computing device106. Computing device106can be configured to send control signals to delivery device124and communication device110, send data to communication device110, receive data from communication device110, and process sent or received data. Computing device106can include any of a wide range of devices, including control circuitry, processors (e.g., one or more microprocessors, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or the like), processing circuitry, one or more servers, one or more desktop computers, one or more notebook (i.e., laptop) computers, one or more cloud computing clusters, or the like. The functions attributed to the controllers and processors described herein can be provided by a hardware device and embodied as software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. In some examples, computing device106can be communicatively coupled to an interface system, such as interface system800ofFIG. 8, that includes one or more devices in second vehicle104used for positioning communication device110and/or communicating through communication device110.

Communication device110can be configured to capture data from an interior and exterior environment of first vehicle102and capture user input from an occupant of first vehicle102. Communication device110can include one or more devices that facilitate communication between an occupant in second vehicle104and an occupant in first vehicle102and/or collect information from an environment (e.g., an interior and/or exterior) of first vehicle102. For example, communication device110can represent an extension, enhancement, or supplement to various functions performed and/or senses used by a police officer or other detaining entity during a temporary detention. In the example ofFIG. 1, communication device110includes image capture device112, image output device114, audio capture device116, audio output device118, user interface device (UID)120, and communication unit122; however, communication device110can include other devices, as will be described below.

Communication unit122can be configured to transmit data and user input to second vehicle104. Communication unit122of communication device110can be configured to communicate with computing device106of second vehicle104via one or more wired and/or wireless networks or connections by transmitting and/or receiving network or control signals over the one or more networks or connections. For example, communication unit122can be configured to receive sensor data, such as image or audio data captured from an interior or exterior environment of second vehicle104and transmit the sensor data to other devices, such as image output device114or audio output device118, for presentation to an occupant of first vehicle102. As another example, communication unit122can be configured to receive input data, such as input data from a user interface device (UID)120from an occupant of first vehicle102, and transmit the input data to computing device106for presentation to an occupant of second vehicle104. Examples of communication units122include a network interface card (e.g., such as an Ethernet card), an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, a global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver, or any other type of device that can send and/or receive information.

Image capture device112can include an input device (e.g., a camera) configured to capture image data (e.g., still or video images) from the interior and exterior environment of first vehicle102. For example, image capture device112can capture image data of the environment of first vehicle102that may otherwise be perceived by a detaining entity physically performing one or more steps of a temporary detention, such as a police officer walking to first vehicle102and inspecting first vehicle102. Image capture device112can be a built-in (e.g., “internal”) and/or external component of communication device110, which communication device110can utilize to capture or generate still and/or video images. For example, image capture device112can be a built-in camera configured to capture still image or real-time video of the occupant of first vehicle102. In some instances, image capture device112can be configured to capture images outside a visible light spectrum. For example, image capture device112can be configured to capture thermographic images of infrared radiation. Such infrared image data can permit examination of hidden or other features that may not be visible in images capturing visible light. Image capture device112can have various controllable features, such as a flash, focus, aperture, capture rate, and the like, that can be actuated by control signals from second vehicle104. For example, a police officer in second vehicle104can control image capture device112via communication unit122to zoom and pan until the image capture device112is in a desired position.

Image output device114can include an output device (e.g., a display) configured to output real-time image data (e.g., one or more still or video images) to the interior or exterior environment of first vehicle102, such as image data received from second vehicle104via communication unit122. For example, image output device114can display images that may otherwise be perceived by a detained entity during one or more steps of a temporary detention, such as images of the detaining entity or images of documentation, such as a proposed citation or instructions. Image output device114can include any one or more display devices, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), dot matrix display, light emitting diode (LED) display, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, e-ink, or similar monochrome or color display capable of outputting visible information to the occupant of the detained vehicle. In some examples, image output device114can also function as a user interface device120, such as will be described further below. For example, image output device114can be a touchscreen or other pressure-sensitive display in which an occupant of first vehicle102can both view images and spatially input a response.

Audio capture device116can include an input device (e.g., a microphone) configured to capture audio data from the interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102. For example, audio capture device116can capture audio data of the environment of first vehicle102that may otherwise be perceived by a detaining entity physically performing one or more steps of a temporary detention.

Audio output device118can include an output device (e.g., an audio speaker) configured to output real-time audio data to the interior or exterior of first vehicle102, such as audio received from second vehicle104via communication unit122. For example, audio output device118can output audio that may otherwise be perceived by a detained entity during one or more steps of a temporary detention, such as audio of the detaining entity or automated instructions.

UID120can include an input device configured to capture user input data from an occupant of first vehicle102. For example, UID120can receive physical or tactile user input that may otherwise be physically received by a detained entity during one or more steps of a temporary detention, such as an electronic signature from an occupant of the detained vehicle. In some examples, UID120can be a presence-sensitive input screen that is touch-sensitive, such as a resistive touchscreen, a surface acoustic wave touchscreen, a capacitive touchscreen, a projective capacitance touchscreen, a pressure sensitive screen, an acoustic pulse recognition touchscreen, or another presence-sensitive display technology. For example, UID120can be an electronic signature pad configured to detect a signature of an occupant of first vehicle102.

While illustrated as an internal component of communication device110, UID120can also represent an external component that shares a data path with communication device110for transmitting and/or receiving input. For instance, in one example, UID120represents a built-in component of communication device110located within and physically connected to the external packaging of communication device110(e.g., a screen on a computer). In another example, UID120represents an external component of communication device110located outside and physically separated from the packaging or housing of communication device110(e.g., a touchscreen, etc. that shares a wired and/or wireless data path with communication device110).

In addition or alternative to the devices illustrated inFIG. 1, communication device110can include other devices associated with facilitating communication during a temporary detention. For example, in addition to audio or visual communication between a detaining entity and a detained entity, a temporary detention may involve other procedures, such as an exchange of information, performed by one or both of the detaining and/or detained entities. As such, communication device110can include various devices configured to facilitate such procedures. For example, communication device110can include a braille communication system, a translation system, or other communication system configured to assist communication for occupants of first vehicle102.

As one example, communication device110can include a physical output device, such as a printer (not shown), configured to output physical objects, such as documentation, to an occupant of first vehicle102. For example, during a traffic stop, the detaining entity of second vehicle104may issue a citation to the occupant of first vehicle102, such that the citation can be printed and delivered to the occupant of first vehicle102without a direct human delivery. The occupant of the first vehicle, prior to or after receiving the citation, can digitally sign the citation, such as using UID120.

As another example, communication device110can include an image scanner (not shown) configured to capture image data from documents provided by an occupant of first vehicle102. For example, during a traffic stop, the occupant of first vehicle102may provide a driver's license that includes a barcode, such that the image scanner can scan the barcode on a backside of the driver's license. In some instances, image capture of documentation can be performed by image capture device112. For example, communication device110can be configured to receive image data of the documentation from image capture device112and use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to extract information from a front of the driver's license.

As another example, communication device110can include environmental sensors (not shown) configured to detect a condition of the environment of first vehicle102. For example, environmental sensors can detect a presence or concentration of various substances, such as smoke or alcohol, that may otherwise be detected by a detaining entity during one or more steps of a temporary detention. Environmental sensors that can be used include, but are not limited to, alcohol sensors,cannabissensors, smoke sensors, temperature sensors (e.g., detect an amount of time first vehicle102has been operating), particulate sensors, and the like. In some examples, environmental sensors can detect a presence or concentration of various substances that may not be detected, or may be detected with less sensitivity, by a detaining entity. For example, communication device110can include a Geiger counter or other radiation detection device configured to detect a presence of radiation in first vehicle102.

While components of communication device110have been described separately according to various functions, communication device110can include a variety of configurations of components. In some examples, communication device110can include one or more interfaces for communicating with devices in the custody of an occupant of first vehicle102. For example, if first vehicle102or an occupant of first vehicle102has an image capture device or audio capture device, communication device110can be configured to communicatively couple to the devices of first vehicle102, such that image and audio data captured by the devices of first vehicle102can be transmitted to second vehicle104. For example, if first vehicle102is stopped next to a road, an occupant of second vehicle104may attempt to communicate with an occupant of first vehicle102prior to approaching first vehicle102. As another example, if first vehicle102has a configuration that is not compatible with delivery of communication device110, such as a semi-truck having a long body and/or high window, the occupant of second vehicle104may attempt to communicate with the occupant of first vehicle102prior to approaching first vehicle102. In some examples, communication device110may include wireless or wired interfaces capable of communicating information with first vehicle102, such as connections to Bluetooth, auxiliary, or AM/FM-radio inputs of an audio system of first vehicle102, such that the audio system of first vehicle102outputs the police officer's voice. As another example, communication device110may include interfaces capable of communicating information with an occupant of first vehicle102, such as Bluetooth or auxiliary inputs for a telephone.

Using one or more of the various devices discussed above, communication device110can be configured to provide a variety of functions related to safely facilitating a temporary detention. For example, a detaining entity and/or detained entity may proceed through various steps during a temporary detention including, but not limited to, information collection by the detaining entity, two-way communication between the detained entity and the detaining entity, information provision by the detained entity, and information provision by the detaining entity. One or more of these steps can be facilitated, supplemented, and/or enhanced using communication device110.

In some examples, communication device110can be configured to facilitate information collection by the detaining entity by capturing and transmitting sensory data. For example, a police officer, while approaching or standing proximate to a vehicle, may collect sensory data regarding the interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102. This sensory data may alert the police officer to the presence or absence of various dangers proximate to first vehicle102, such as a presence or absence of a weapon in first vehicle102. Image capture device112and audio capture device116can collect image and audio data, respectively, from the interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102, one or more environmental sensors can collect environmental data from the environment of first vehicle102, and/or one or more infrared cameras can collect thermal imaging information from the environment of first vehicle102. Some of this data, such as image, audio, and/or environmental data, can be data that the detaining entity may be capable of detecting if physical proximate to first vehicle102. The environmental data can indicate a presence or concentration of an analyte in the environment of the first vehicle, such as alcohol or smoke. In some examples, collection of environmental data can be enhanced, such as by lowering a threshold for collection of environment data due to a higher sensitivity of devices of communication device110than human sensory organs or analyzing the environmental data for various features or patterns associated with risk assessment. In some examples, collection of environmental data can include additional environmental data that may not be capable of detection by human sensory organs, such as thermographic image data or various particulates. In this way, communication device110can provide a detaining entity with more information for formulating an action.

In some examples, communication device110can be configured to record information collected by the detaining entity. For example, communication device110can record image data, audio data, and environmental data to provide a more comprehensive record of a temporary detention environment than a record based on recollection of the detaining entity and/or detained entity. This comprehensive record can be stored on any of communication device110, a storage device in second vehicle104, or a storage device in a centralized system (e.g., after transmission to the centralized system during or after the temporary detention).

In some examples, communication device110can be configured to facilitate two-way communication between the detaining entity and the detained entity. For example, a police officer may wish, or even be required, to communicate regarding the reason for the temporary detention. In addition to streamlining information exchange between the two entities, such two-way communication can provide additional information extraneous to the information exchanged, such as behavioral information of either entity. Image capture device112and audio capture device116can collect image and audio data, respectively, from an occupant of first vehicle102, while image output device114and audio output device118can display image and audio data, respectively, of an occupant of second vehicle104.

In some examples, communication device110can be configured to facilitate information provision by the detained entity and/or the detaining entity. For example, during a traffic stop, a driver may be encouraged or required to provide documentation (e.g., a vehicle insurance card, a vehicle registration card, a driver's license, etc.) regarding operation of first vehicle102. Similarly, the police officer may be required to provide documentation regarding the temporary detection, such as a warning or citation. Rather than provide this information directly, communication device110can facilitate the exchange of such information. User interface device120and/or image capture device112can provide an interface for providing such documentation between the driver and the police officer.

Communication device110can be physically coupled to second vehicle104through delivery device124and mount126. Delivery device124can include one or more devices configured to deliver communication device110from second vehicle104(e.g., a police vehicle) proximate to first vehicle102(e.g., a detained vehicle), such that communication device110can capture data from the interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102. Delivery device124can have at least a first configuration (e.g., an undeployed or non-extended configuration of communication device110) and a second configuration (e.g., a deployed or extended configuration of communication device110). In the first configuration, communication device110can be proximate to second vehicle104, such that communication device110can be stored and/or transported by second vehicle104. In the second configuration, communication device110can be proximate to first vehicle102, such that communication device110can capture data from the interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102. Delivery device124can be configured to transform from the first configuration to the second configuration to extend communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. In some examples, in addition to the first and second configuration, delivery device124can include intermediate configurations. For example, delivery device124can be configured with a third configuration in which communication device110can be at another position relative to first vehicle102, such as above or on a passenger side of first vehicle102.

Delivery device124can include a variety of mechanisms for delivering communication device110proximate to first vehicle102. Such mechanisms can be selected based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, a weight of components of vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100, dimensions (e.g., a height, width, and/or length) of second vehicle104, and the like. Mechanisms that can be used for delivery device124can include, but are not limited to, telescoping mechanisms, folding mechanisms, rolling mechanisms, everted tubes, and the like. Some example mechanisms will be described further inFIGS. 2-5below. Delivery device124can be configured to extend communication device110from second vehicle104to a position proximate to a driver-side window of first vehicle102. As such, delivery device124can extend a length representing a distance between mount126to the driver-side window of first vehicle102. For example, when conducting a traffic stop, a police vehicle may pull up proximate to the detained vehicle, such that a front-end of the police vehicle is close to (e.g., within three feet) of the detained vehicle. As such, delivery device124can extend a distance based on a position of mount126on second vehicle104, a size of second vehicle104, an anticipated distance between first vehicle102and second vehicle104, and a size of first vehicle102. In some examples, delivery device124can be configured to extend to a maximum distance between about eight feet and about twenty feet.

In some examples, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can include one or more immobilization devices configured to assist in preventing movement of first vehicle102. As an example, vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can include an immobilization device configured to be positioned in front of a wheel of first vehicle102. The immobilization device can impede the movement of the wheel, such as by restraining the wheel against movement or puncturing the wheel in response to movement of first vehicle102. In some examples, the immobilization device comprises a spike panel. For example, the spike panel can extend from a portion of delivery device124as delivery device124is deployed into position and retract as delivery device124is retracted from position.

Mount126can include a mounting mechanism configured to secure delivery device124to second vehicle104. Mount126can be coupled to second vehicle104at a variety of locations including, but not limited to, a roof, a hood, a grill, a bull bar, and the like. A variety of mounting mechanisms can be used including, but not limited to, a frame mounted mechanism, a rack mounted mechanism, and the like. In some examples, mount126can include a tie-down bracket located at a driver-side of second vehicle104, as described in further detail below with reference toFIG. 2. Alternatively, mount126can represent a bull bar located at the front of second vehicle104, as described in further detail below with reference toFIG. 3.

By installing vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100on vehicle104, vehicle mountable robotic and communication100can be deployed on various types of terrains, and the risk of damaging communication device110can be lowered as the communication device is not detached from vehicle104. For example, a system in which communication system100is towed by or released from second vehicle104(e.g., a mobile robot that detaches from second vehicle104and drives, flies, or walks to first vehicle102) may risk damage to communication system100, as communication system100may be run over, stuck in terrain like potholes or mud, or blown away by wind. Furthermore, there is also less likelihood of damage to communication device110as well as less likelihood of communication device110being left behind because communication system110is not allowed to freely translocate from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. Rather, by incorporating communication system100onto second vehicle104through mount126, communication system100may be traversed across any terrain that second vehicle104may be capable of traversing with minimal risk to the communication system100.

Vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100can include one or more positional sensors configured to assist an occupant of second vehicle104with positioning second vehicle104proximate to first vehicle102, such that delivery device124can deliver communication device110to a desired position relative to first vehicle102. For example, the second, deployed configuration of delivery device124can correspond to a range of positions of second vehicle104relative to first vehicle102(e.g., along a width, length, or height of first vehicle102). The positional sensors can be configured to assist second vehicle104and/or a driver of second vehicle104with positioning second vehicle104relative to first vehicle102in the range of positions such that communication device110can be delivered to a desired position proximate to first vehicle102.

As an example of operation of vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100, a police officer in second vehicle104(i.e., the police vehicle) can indicate to the driver in first vehicle102(i.e., the detained vehicle) to pull over by actuating police lights, a bullhorn, or other mechanisms to alert the driver. The police officer may operate second vehicle104to approach first vehicle102to a relatively close position. The police officer may then send a control signal to delivery device124to control deployment of delivery device124, and thus a position of communication device110, to extend communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. The police officer may then send a control signal to delivery device124to deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to an occupant in first vehicle102, such as by raising or lowering communication device110.

In some examples, communication device110can be used for preliminary information collection, such as by collecting data at one or more intermediate positions of communication device110between first vehicle102and second vehicle104, or for information recording, such as by recording data throughout the temporary detention. Once communication device110has been delivered, the police officer may leave communication device110proximate to first vehicle102, such as to record interactions during the temporary detention, and approach first vehicle102to continue to carry out procedures regarding the temporary detention.

In response to receiving communication device110, the occupant in first vehicle102may communicate with the police officer in second vehicle104via communication device110. Communication device110can include various devices configured to capture data from the interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102, as described above. Example devices can include, but not limited to, speakers, cameras, microphones, passive alcohol sensor detectors, driver's license barcode scanner, electronic signature pad, mobile printer, and any other suitable devices. The occupant in first vehicle102can receive real-time video and audio of the police officer in second vehicle104via a built-in camera and microphone, such as illustrated inFIG. 8below. The police officer may request the occupant to provide the occupant's driver's license, registration, and proof of insurance. In response, the occupant may hold the occupant's driver's license in front of an image scanner for the image scanner to detect optically and hold the registration and proof of insurance in front of image capture device112for the police officer to inspect visually. Once the police officer has finalized the citation, the police officer may present the specifics of the citation to the driver via a display device and may ask the occupant to sign the citation via UID120electronically, such as an electronic signature pad. The police officer may then provide a hardcopy of the citation for the occupant using a mobile printer. Throughout the encounter, the police officer may communicate with the driver via image output device114and audio output device118. A third party (e.g., another officer, a mental-health worker, a friend, a family member, etc.) with a communication device may also communicate with the police office and driver via image output device114and audio output device118by connecting with communication device110. By connecting with communication device110, the third party may assist in de-escalating an encounter between the police officer and the driver.

In this way, delivery device124can deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102to facilitate communications between an occupant of first vehicle102, such as a driver in a detained vehicle, and an occupant of second vehicle104, such as a police officer in a police vehicle. As such, the police officer and the driver may maintain separation throughout the temporary traffic detention or until the police officer determines that the environment in and around the vehicle is secure and safe to approach. As an example, while the driver uses communication device110while seated in vehicle102, the police officer can use communication device110from either inside or outside of vehicle104through use of a wireless interface.

In some examples, delivery device124can include a linear deployment mechanism, such as an extendable linear motion system, configured to transform from a retracted configuration to an extended configuration. Such a linear system may be relatively simple and/or inexpensive compared to other extension mechanisms, such as a rotary mechanism.FIG. 2is an example conceptual diagram illustrating the example vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100inFIG. 1, in which the delivery device includes an example extendable linear motion system201. Extendable linear motion system201can be configured to linearly extend along an axis, such that extendable linear motion system201can maintain better alignment during deployment and/or deploy within a smaller volume than a deployment mechanism that does not linearly extend along an axis.

Extendable linear motion system201can span any suitable length of second vehicle104, where the length is measured from a distal end201B of extendable linear motion system201to a proximal end201A of extendable linear motion system201. Extendable linear motion system201can be positioned at any suitable distance from distal end104B of second vehicle104. In some examples, extendable linear motion system201can include a plurality of slidable rails that includes a base rail202and at least one slidable rail203(e.g., one slidable rail, two slidable rails, or three slidable rails, etc.) that extend from a retracted configuration (also referred to herein as the first configuration) to an extended configuration (also referred to herein as the second configuration). Each slidable rail of the plurality of slidable rails is slidably coupled to another slidable rail of the plurality of slidable rails. In some examples, extendable linear motion system201can include a plurality of concentrically nested rails that includes an inner rail202and at least one outer rail203(e.g., one outer rail, two outer rails, or three outer rails, etc.) that extend from a retracted configuration (also referred to herein as the first configuration) to an extended configuration (also referred to herein as the second configuration). Each rail of the plurality of rails is nested inside another rail of the plurality of rails.

In some examples, the retracted configuration is a fully retracted configuration, which can be the configuration of extendable linear motion system201at a predetermined minimal length L1(e.g., the distance L1from the proximal end of201A to distal end of201B of extendable linear motion system201). In some examples, the extended configuration can be a fully extended configuration, which is the configuration of the extendable linear motion system201at a predetermined maximum extended length L2(e.g., the distance L2from proximal end201A to distal end203B of extendable linear motion system201), which can be selected to help prevent extendable linear motion system201from collapsing. In the extended configuration, rails eject away from second vehicle104such that extendable linear motion system201extends from second vehicle104to first vehicle102to deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. In some examples, in the extended configuration, extendable linear motion system201extends a distance of about eight feet to about twenty feet when fully extended.

Extendable linear motion system201can include one or more support devices configured to extend from distal end201B of the extendable linear motion system201to ground to provide support for extendable linear motion system201and communication device110. In the example shown inFIG. 2, the one or more support devices include support wheel204. In some examples, support wheel204includes a touch sensor and an extendable stick configured to extend until support wheel204contacts the ground. In the example shown inFIG. 2, support wheel204is configured to extend a distance of about six inches to about two feet (e.g., the distance H from distal end201B of extendable linear motion system201to ground204B). Extendable linear motion system201can be formed from any suitable material, such as, but not limited to, polyamide, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, self-lubricating UHMW material, or the like.

Mount126(not shown) can be used to secure base rail202on second vehicle104. In some examples, mount126can represent a tie-down bracket located at the bottom of the driver-side of second vehicle104. In some examples, mount126can be located at mount location205at a distance D1of about two feet to about six feet from distal end104B of second vehicle104. Mounting base rail202on a relatively high location can cause base rail202be difficult to notice by the occupant of second vehicle104, which may injury he occupant. By mounting the base rail202at the bottom of second vehicle104, the risk of injuring the occupant of second vehicle104can be significantly lowered.

In some examples, delivery device124can include a folding deployment mechanism, such as a linkage system, configured to transform from a folded configuration to an unfolded configuration. Such rotary linkage systems may enable a larger and less-restricted range of motion that allows the image capture device706to look all around the interior of the driver car102, the ability to be mounted to the front/bull-bar of the second vehicle104, and/or the ability to approach either driver or passenger side of driver car102, whereas a linear system can approach only one side of the driver car102along a pre-defined path that does not allow for full inspection of the driver car102by image capture device706.FIG. 3is an example conceptual diagram illustrating the example vehicle mountable robotic and communication system inFIG. 1, in which delivery device124includes an example linkage system301. Linkage system301can be configured to unfold, such that linkage system301can fit compactly in a storage compartment of second vehicle104or on a portion of second vehicle104in the folded configuration. In some examples, linkage system301can include links that are connected with each other using rotary joints.

In some examples, linkage system301can have a folded configuration with a longest dimension that is less than a dimension (e.g., width or length) of second vehicle104, such that linkage system301can fit within a footprint of second vehicle104. Linkage system301can span any suitable width of second vehicle104, where the width W1is measured from distal end301B of linkage system301to proximal end301A of linkage system301. In some examples, a distance from distal end301B of linkage system301to proximal end301A of linkage system301can be about eight feet to about twenty feet.

Linkage system301can be configured to extend communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102using a plurality of links. Each link of the plurality of links is coupled to another link of the plurality of links and is configured to pivot into a position in response to receiving a control signal. Linkage system301can include at least two links (e.g., two links, three links, or five links, etc.) that are connected with each other using rotary joints. In the example shown inFIG. 3, links302A-302E (collectively “links302”) are connected with each other using rotary joints. In some examples, links302can have the same length (e.g.,302A-302E all have a length of about one foot to about five feet). As in other examples, at least two links can have different lengths.

Linkage system301can extend from a folded configuration to an unfolded configuration. In some examples, the folded configuration is a fully folded configuration, which is the configuration of linkage system301at a predetermined minimal length W1(e.g., the distance W1from the proximal end301A to a midpoint301B of linkage system301). In some examples, the unfolded configuration is a fully unfolded configuration, which is the configuration of linkage system301at a predetermined maximum extended length W2(e.g., the distance W2from the proximal end301A to the distal end303B of linkage system301). In the unfolded configuration, linkage system301extends from second vehicle104to first vehicle102to deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. In some examples, in the unfolded configuration, linkage system301extends a distance of about eight feet to about twenty feet when fully extended. Linkage system301can be formed from any suitable material, such as, but not limited to, polyamide, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, self-lubricating ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW) material, or the like.

Mount126can be used to be secure linkage system301on second vehicle104. In some examples, mount126can represent a bull-bar located at the front of second vehicle104. While not shown inFIG. 3, in some examples, mount126can be housed within a storage compartment of second vehicle104, such that linkage system301can be stored securely within second vehicle104.

Linkage system301can provide the police officer in the second vehicle104the ability to control the delivery position of communication device110, which can potentially improve the police officer's ability to observe various areas (e.g., driver side, passenger side, front side, backside, etc.) of first vehicle102. For example, linkage system301can introduce a greater degree of motion and/or can be positioned in a greater field of vision than a deployment mechanism that does not include a folded and unfolded configuration or is not mounted on a front of second vehicle104.

In some examples, delivery device124can include a curled deployment mechanism, such as a rolling track, configured to transform from a curled configuration to a straightened configuration. Such rolling track systems may enable more compact storage, simpler control compared to extension mechanisms that use more complex forms of actuation, and/or less expensive manufacturing.FIG. 4is an example conceptual diagram illustrating the example vehicle mountable robotic and communication system inFIG. 1, where the delivery device includes a rolling track401. Rolling track401can be configured to roll and unroll along an axis tangential to the curled configuration, such that rolling track401can be stored in a compact configuration and/or permit delivery of communication device110at a variety of points along the axis.

Rolling track401can include a semi-closed drag chain configured to transform from a curled configuration to a straightened configuration. In some examples, in the straightened configuration, rolling track401extends from second vehicle104to first vehicle102to deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. In some examples, in the straightened configuration, rolling track401extends a distance of about eight feet to about twenty feet when fully extended.

Rolling track401can be configured to hold communication device110. In some examples, inner chain links402of rolling track401wraps around and attaches to outer race403of ball-bearing404, and communication device110attaches to or floats on inner race405of ball-bearing404. Ball-bearing404allows the weight of communication device110to self-align its orientation with gravity so that its right-side-up at every position of rolling track401. As rolling track401transforms from the curled configuration to the straightened configuration, rolling track401rolls out and extends from second vehicle104to first vehicle102.

In some examples, a support structure, such as a vertical support rod, can be used to support rolling track401from above via a cable. For example, the vertical support rod may include one or more cables configured to provide support to rolling track401, such as at fixed or adjustable points along rolling track401. In some examples, the cables may be configured to exert a variable amount of force, such that, as rolling track401extends, the amount of supportive force from the cable is increased.

Rolling track401can be formed from any suitable material, such as, but not limited to, polyamide, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, shape memory alloys, or the like. In some examples, rolling track401can be inflated using a pneumatic device and rolling track401can be made of an inflatable material such as, but not limited to, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon, a polyether block amide, polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), polyurethane, polyester, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyurethanes, polyamides, latex, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or the like.

In some examples, delivery device124can include an inflation deployment mechanism, such as an everted tube, configured to transform from a deflated configuration to an inflated configuration.FIG. 5is another example conceptual diagram illustrating the example vehicle mountable robotic and communication system inFIG. 1, in which delivery device124includes an everted tube501. Everted tube501can be configured to extend communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102.

Everted tube501can be flexibly extendable and configured to extend a length in response to receiving a control signal. Everted tube501can transform from a deflated configuration to an inflated configuration. In some examples, in the inflated configuration, everted tube501extends from second vehicle104to first vehicle102to deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102. In some examples, in the inflated configuration, everted tube501extends a distance of about eight feet to about twenty feet when fully extended. Everted tube501can be formed from any suitable material, such as, but not limited to, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon, a polyether block amide, polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), polyurethane, polyester, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyurethanes, polyamides, latex, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or the like.

FIG. 6is a flow diagram of an example technique for facilitating communications between an occupant of a first vehicle and an occupant of a second vehicle using the vehicle mountable robotic and communication system inFIG. 1, in accordance with embodiments discussed herein.FIG. 6may be described with respect to vehicle mountable robotic and communication system100ofFIG. 1; however, it will be understood that other vehicle mountable robotic and communication systems may be used with the techniques ofFIG. 6.

In the technique shown inFIG. 6, a police officer in second vehicle104(i.e., the police vehicle) may alert the driver in first vehicle102(i.e., the detained vehicle) to pullover using standard police lights and/or bullhorn, approach first vehicle102to a relatively close position, and send a control signal to delivery device124(601).

In response to receiving the control signal, delivery device124can position communication device110proximate to first vehicle102(602). For example, delivery device124can transform from a first configuration to a second configuration to deliver communication device110to an occupant in first vehicle102.

Communication device110can be configured to capture data from an interior and/or exterior environment of first vehicle102(603). For example, communication device110can include image capture device112, such as a camera, configured to capture real-time video of the occupant in first vehicle102. As another example, communication device110can include an environmental sensor, such as a passive alcohol sensor, configured to detect the presence or absence of an analyte, such as alcohol, in first vehicle102.

Communication device110can capture user input from the occupant of first vehicle102(604). For example, communication device110can include an image scanner configured to capture the barcode on the backside of the driver's license. During a temporary traffic detention, the police officer in second vehicle104can request the occupant of first vehicle102to provide the occupant's driver's license. In response, the occupant of first vehicle102may hold the occupant's driver's license in front of communication device110, and communication device110can capture the barcode on the backside of the driver's license as user input.

Communication device110can then transmit the data and the user input to second vehicle104(605). For example, the data and/or user input can be transmitted in real-time to facilitate two-way communication.

In this way, delivery device124can deliver communication device110from second vehicle104to first vehicle102to facilitate communications between an occupant of first vehicle102, such as a driver in a detained vehicle, and an occupant of second vehicle104, such as a police officer in a police vehicle, while allowing both the police officer and the driver to remain in vehicles without significantly affecting the human-to-human interactions.

FIG. 7is a perspective view diagram of an example communication device700, such as communication device110ofFIG. 1. Components of communication device700may be configured with similar characteristics as similarly functional devices of communication device110ofFIG. 1. In the example ofFIG. 7, communication device700includes several waterproof components, such as an image output device702, an audio output device704, an image capture device706, an audio capture device708, and a vertical positioning device724. Vertical positioning device724can be configured to set a vertical position of communication device700. Communication device700also include several non-waterproof devices housed in a waterproof housing710, such as image scanner712, signature pad714, and printer716. Image scanner712can be configured to scan image of documents, such as driver's license or car registration, during a traffic stop. Signature pad714can be configured to receive an electronic or digital signature, such as for a traffic citation, from an occupant of a vehicle. Printer716can be configured to print out a copy of a document, such as the traffic citation. Communication device700can include a frame718that supports components of communication device700and couples to a delivery device720and a support wheel722. While not shown, in other examples, communication device700can include other sensors configured to assist in positioning communication device700. For example, delivery device124can be configured to automatically position communication device700, such as by distance or proximity sensors on communication device700that indicate a position of communication device700from first vehicle102(e.g., within a few feet of a side or window of first vehicle102or the ground).

FIG. 8is a perspective view diagram of an example interface system800of a detaining vehicle for communicating with and controlling a communication device, such as communication device110ofFIG. 1. Components of interface system800may be configured with similar characteristics as similarly functional devices of communication device110ofFIG. 1. Interface system800includes an image output device802, an audio output device804, an image capture device806, an audio capture device808, and a positioning control device810. Positioning control device810can be configured to send control signals to a delivery device, such as delivery device124ofFIG. 1, to control a position of a communication device, such as communication device110ofFIG. 1. In some examples, positioning control device810can include both manual controls, such as an analog joystick having control in 2 or 3 dimensions, and automatic control, such as one or more buttons that correspond to a configuration of the delivery device, such as a deployed or undeployed configuration.