Inked ribbon advancement mechanism

The present invention is an inked ribbon advancement mechanism which is used in combination with a printer having a movable print head. The printer includes a frame and a print head mechanically coupled to the frame so that it travels laterally along the front of the frame. The inked ribbon advancement mechanism includes an apparatus for continuously advancing an increment of inked ribbon in response to the position of the print head. The apparatus includes a device for positioning the increment of inked ribbon adjacent to the print head and a slidable member which is slidably coupled to the print head in parallel juxtaposition so that the slidable member can move differentially in response to the print head. The apparatus also includes a cam for continuously displacing the slidable member in response to the movement of the print head. The print head is mechanically coupled to a plate member to which a pair of ribbon spools are rotatably coupled so that the print head and the increment of inked ribbon from the ribbon spools travel together.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to an inked ribbon advancement mechanism for 
use with a print head and more particularly to an advancement mechanism 
which advances an increment of inked ribbon in response to the position of 
the print head. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,594, entitled Serial Impact Calculator Printer, issued 
to Nicholas Kondur, Jr. on Oct. 19, 1976, teaches a serial impact printer 
of a type utilizing a dot matrix print head that is specifically adaptable 
for use in a calculator or adding machine and that is characterized by 
utilizing a common drive source to advance the print head across a print 
medium, advance the print medium between the printing operations, and 
selectively advance an inked ribbon between the supply ribbon spool and a 
takeup ribbon spool. An improved media-advancing apparatus has been 
devised which operates in close correlation with the print head drive 
member in order to provide a relatively high speed, simplified and 
inexpensive printer. The supply ribbon spool and the takeup ribbon spool 
are constructed and arranged so that they are interchangeable and permit 
direct drive through a spool-engaging member on the print head in order to 
advance the inked ribbon in direct response to the print head travel. 
A ribbon spool drive member coordinates the advancement of the inked ribbon 
with the print head travel and it is mounted on the print head to 
selectively engage ratchet teeth on the ribbon spool at the end of each 
margin as the print head traverses the print medium. Each ribbon spool is 
constructed and arranged so that it exerts not only the proper tension on 
the inked ribbon on its passage between the print head and the print 
medium but also permits the selective advancement of the ribbon spool in 
response to engagement by the ribbon spool drive member. The ribbon spool 
drive member is constructed and arranged so that it is selectively 
engageable with one ribbon spool at a time in order to advance the inked 
ribbon in one direction only until it is fully wound upon one of the 
ribbon spools and thereafter to be reversed to selectively engage the 
other ribbon spool in order to cause reverse travel of the inked ribbon. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,103, entitled High Speed Printer Having Improved Ribbon 
Driving, Reversing and Tensioning Mechanism, issued to Arthur F. Riley on 
July 23, 1974, teaches a high-speed impact printer which has an improved 
ribbon driving, reversing, and tensioning mechanism that is jam-proof, of 
compact-simplified construction, reliable and substantially maintenance 
free in operation. By being compact, the drive mechanism may be centrally 
located at the front of the print head so as to facilitate ribbon spool 
and/or inked ribbon replacement. The drive mechanism, through the use of 
two sets of pivotally mounted, two-stage biased planetary coupling gears, 
effects gradual rotational engagement and disengagement of the selectively 
coupled driving and driven gears of the drive mechanism. This results in 
minimal gear wear, and produces smooth, automated reversal of the inked 
ribbon travel, while the inked ribbon is continuously maintained under 
uniform tension. 
Because most dot matrix printers are of the high-speed nature it precludes 
an incremental movement of the inked ribbon in view of the fact that 
normally there would be insufficient ink (or carbon) on the inked ribbon 
to allow repetitive impacting of the rods of a print head against common 
discrete areas during each index dwell period. Accordingly, the ribbon 
advancement in high-speed printers cannot be accomplished simply as a 
by-product of the type-bar mechanical motion of conventional typewriters. 
Rather, the ribbon spool drive mechanism must be of a type that slowly, 
but continuously, advances the inked ribbon along and between the aligned 
arrays of the rods of the print head, and under constant tension so as to 
maintain the inked ribbon in alignment therewith. Ribbon reversal, of 
course, must also be effected automatically in any high volume printing 
application. In order to efficiently utilize all of the ink (or carbon) on 
the inked ribbon, it is also very advantageous that the entire length, of 
the inked ribbon be exposed to the rods of the print head impacting at 
some point in time during travel of the inked ribbon therepast in both 
directions. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,677,486, entitled Uniform Ribbon Feed Apparatus, issued to 
Campbell Findlay on July 18, 1972, teaches a ribbon feed apparatus having 
a ratcheted takeup spool engageable by a reciprocating pawl to 
incrementally rotate the takeup spool. A ribbon supply spool feeds an 
inked ribbon to the ratcheted takeup spool incrementally with each driving 
stroke of a pawl. In order to achieve a nearly constant speed of ribbon 
feed the ribbon feed apparatus combines a camming lug with the pawl which 
detects the changing diameter of the inked ribbon on the takeup spool and 
reduces the angular distance that the pawl is engaged with the ratcheted 
takeup spool as the ribbon diameter increases. 
The inked ribbon is interposed between a print medium such as paper and a 
raised font on an impacting surface of one of the rods of a print head. 
The impact of a rod of the print head depletes the ink supply in the 
impacted area of the inked ribbon. Capillary action replenishes the 
impacted area from adjacent ribbon areas of the inked ribbon so that it 
can make another print of sufficient quality from the same area. To 
prevent reprinting on the impacted area of the inked ribbon used by a 
previous print the inked ribbon is moved before the next print impact is 
undertaken. In determining the distance the inked ribbon should move 
between the impacts of the rods of the print head one must consider the 
sufficiency of the reservoir of ink remaining to replenish the depleted 
area of the inked ribbon. Printing in close succession on the same area of 
the inked ribbon either delays the replenishment of ink in the impacted 
portion of the inked ribbon or inhibits it altogether. However, moving the 
inked ribbon for relatively great distances at high speed between prints 
is wasteful and also presents timing and stress difficulties in a high 
print rate machine. 
It would be more convenient to move an increment of inked ribbon with the 
print head across the print line, but the problem of excessive 
overprinting a portion thereof must be overcome. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In view of the foregoing factors and conditions characteristic of the prior 
art it is an object of the present invention to provide for use with a 
print head an improved and simplified mechanism for continuously advancing 
an increment of inked ribbon in response to the position of the print 
head. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a mechanism for 
continuously advancing an increment of inked ribbon in order to prevent 
excessive overprinting from occurring on a portion of the inked ribbon. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a print head 
and an inked ribbon advancement mechanism that are mechanically coupled 
together so that they move together across the printed line. 
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a mechanism 
for advancing an increment of inked ribbon which also provides visibility 
of the print line as it is being printed. 
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention an inked ribbon 
advancement mechanism which is used in combination with a printer having a 
movable print head is described. The printer includes a frame and a print 
head mechanically coupled to the frame so that it travels laterally along 
the front of the frame. The inked ribbon advancement mechanism includes an 
apparatus for continuously advancing an increment of inked ribbon in 
response to the position of the print head. The apparatus includes a 
device for positioning the increment of inked ribbon adjacent to the print 
head and a slidable member which is slidably coupled to the print head in 
parallel juxtaposition so that the slidable member can move differentially 
in response to the print head. The apparatus also includes a cam for 
continuously displacing the slidable member in response to the movement of 
the print head. The print head is mechanically coupled to a plate member 
to which a pair of ribbon spools are rotatably coupled so that the print 
head and the increment of inked ribbon from the ribbon spool travel 
together. 
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are 
set forth with particularity in the appended claims. 
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will 
be more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by 
reference to the following detailed description and considered in 
connection with the accompanying drawing in which like reference symbols 
designate like parts throughout the figures.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
In order to best understand the present invention it is first necessary to 
read the following description of a printer which is to be used in 
combination with the present invention and also to refer to the figures in 
the accompanying drawing. Referring to FIG. 1a Printer 10 includes a frame 
11 having a platen 11a, a pair of side plates 12 and a print head 13 which 
is adapted to travel laterally across the front of the frame 11. The print 
head 13 is of a type which is generally taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,004,671, 
entitled Wire Matrix Print Head, issued to Nicholas Kondur, Jr. on Jan. 
25, 1977. Other U.S. Patents that teach similar print heads include: No. 
4,070,963, No. 3,986,594, and No. 4,062,436. The printer 10 also includes 
an inking apparatus 14 which is mechanically coupled to the print head 13 
in order to provide ink for printing onto a print medium 8 and a timing 
shaft 15 which is rotatably coupled to the frame 11 between the pair of 
side plates 12 and which is mechanically coupled to the print head 13 and 
the inking apparatus 14 to drive them in concert across the front of the 
frame 11. The print medium 8 may be paper with sprocket holes 9 spaced a 
standardized distance apart along its borders. The printer 10 further 
includes a pair of sprockets 16 which are disc-shaped members. Each 
sprocket 16 has a plurality of pins 17 which are disposed on its 
cylindrical sidewall and are spaced apart the same distance as are the 
sprocket holes 9 of the print medium 8 and also has a disc-shaped hub 18. 
The printer 10 still further includes a sprocket shaft 19 which is 
rotatably coupled to the frame 11 between the pair of side plates 12 and 
which mechanically couples each of the sprockets 16 adjacent to one of the 
side plates 12 and a media guide 20 including a pair of integral members 
each of which is rotatably coupled to the disc-shaped hub 18 of one of the 
sprockets 16 so that the print medium 8 is disposed between one of the 
integral members of the media guide 20 and the cylindrical sidewall of the 
sprocket 16 and is engaged by the pins 17 thereof through its sprocket 
holes 9. 
Referring to FIG. 1 the inking apparatus 14 is similar to the one taught in 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,594, entitled Serial Impact Calculator Printer, issued 
to Nicholas Kondur, Jr. on Oct. 19, 1976. 
Referring now to FIG. 2 in conjunction with FIG. 1 the inking apparatus 14 
includes an inked ribbon advance and reverse mechanism 40 which is mounted 
on a plate member 41 and which travels in concert with the print head 13 
across the front of the frame 11 of the printer 10. The inked ribbon 
advance and reverse mechanism 40 includes a pair of ribbon spools 42 which 
are rotatably coupled to the plate member 41 so that the ribbon spools 42 
can rotate bidirectionally in order to dispense an increment of inked 
ribbon 7. A first ratchet wheel 43 has a plurality of teeth 43a, which are 
disposed in a particular direction, and is mechanically coupled to one of 
the ribbon spools 42 in axial alignment therewith. A second ratchet wheel 
44 has a plurality of teeth 44a, which are disposed in an opposite 
direction to the teeth 43a of the first ratchet wheel 43, and is 
mechanically coupled to the other ribbon spool 43 in axial alignment 
therewith. The inked ribbon advance and reverse mechanism 40 also includes 
a sliding member 45 which is slidably coupled by a rivet 45a, which is 
fixedly coupled to the sliding member 45, within a slot 46 in the plate 
member 41. The plate member 41 and the sliding member 45 travel in concert 
laterally across the frame 11 until the side of the sliding member 45 
contacts the side 12 of the frame 11 which impedes its motion while 
allowing a differential motion between the plate member 41 and the sliding 
member 45. The inked ribbon advance and reverse mechanism 40 further 
includes an improved pawl 47 which has a plurality of teeth 47a, which 
increase in height from each end, disposed at each end and which is 
connected to the sliding member 45 by a pivot pin 48 which is mechanically 
coupled to the sliding member 45 within one of a pair of shallow grooves 
48a and 48b in the pawl 47 at its center. Among the advantages of having a 
plurality of teeth 47a is that the angle of contact between the pawl 47 
and the ratchet wheel 43 or 44 is reduced. This reduction in the angle of 
contact will cause a reduction in the force upon the improved pawl 47 
because the force which is required to rotate the ribbon spool 42 is equal 
to the torque applied to the ribbon spool 42 by the inked ribbon 7 divided 
by the distance from the center line of the ribbon spool 42 to a line 
along the improved pawl 47 which intersects the center line at an angle of 
ninety degrees (90.degree.). Another advantage of the plurality of teeth 
47a on the improved pawl 47 is that they provide more rotational 
advancement of the ribbon spools 42 thereby providing a larger increment 
of inked ribbon for each advancement. This larger increment of inked 
ribbon 7 is important in an eighty column line printer. The teeth 47a 
increase in height as they move toward the center of the improved pawl 47 
because each successive tooth 47a must be taller than the previous tooth 
47a in order to engage the ratchet wheel 43 and 44. 
The inking apparatus 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,594 is stationary and the 
movable print head moves the improved pawl 47 into position while moving 
in one direction and causes the improved pawl 47 to move the ratchet wheel 
43 or 44. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the inking 
apparatus 14 travels in concert with the print head 13, which is mounted 
on the plate member 41. However, it is not necessary to have the print 
head 13 and the inking apparatus 14 travel in concert in order to provide 
a plurality of teeth 47a at each end of the improved pawl 47 rather than a 
single tooth 47a at each end thereof. When the print head 13 and the 
inking apparatus 14 do not move in concert the operation of the inked 
ribbon advance and reverse mechanism 40 is similar to that described above 
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,594 and has the pivot pin 48 mounted on the plate 
member 41. However, as in the preferred embodiment of the present 
invention, when they do move in concert the operation of the inked ribbon 
advance and reverse mechanism 40 requires the use of the sliding member 45 
with the pivot pin 48 mounted thereon rather than on the plate member 41. 
The sliding member 45 is slidably coupled to the plate member 41 on which 
the print head 13 is mounted so that the improved pawl 47 may move 
differentially with respect to the ribbon spools 42. The inked ribbon 
advance and reverse mechanism 40 further includes a pair of springs 49 
which spring couple the improved pawl 47 to the plate member 41 through 
the pivot pin 48 which is rigidly affixed to the sliding member 45. 
The inking apparatus 14 also includes an inked ribbon advancement mechanism 
50 for advancing the increment of inked ribbon 7 continuously in response 
to the movement of the print head 13 so that no portion of the increment 
of inked ribbon 7 is used more than twice in any one printing cycle 
thereof. Referring still to FIG. 2 the inked ribbon advancement mechanism 
50 includes a slidable member 51 and a cam member 52. The slidable member 
51 is adapted to position the increment of inked ribbon 7 in front of the 
print head 13 adjacent thereto and is slideably coupled to the print head 
13 so that it can move in juxtaposition direction thereby moving 
differentially to the print head 13 and in response thereto. The cam 
member 52 is a flat elongated trapezoid one of the non-parallel sides of 
which has a flat surface 52a. 
Referring now to FIG. 3 the inked ribbon advancement mechanism 50 also 
includes the cam member 52 which is disposed between the side plates 12, a 
cam coupling member 53 which is adapted to slidably travel along the flat 
surface 52a of the cam member 52 and a pivot arm 54 which is fixedly 
coupled to the cam coupling member 53 at a point 53a and which is 
pivotally coupled to the plate member 41. A spring 55 resiliently couples 
the pivot arm 54 to the plate member 41. The pivot arm 54 has a pin 56 
which is adapted to slidably and pivotally couple the pivot arm 54 to a 
slot 56a in the slidable member 51. The slidable member 51 has a pair of 
slots 57 which are slidably coupled to a pair of pins 58 so that the 
slidable member 51 may slide in juxtaposition direction to the print head 
13 on the pair of pins 58 which are fixedly coupled to the plate member 
41. The inked ribbon advancement mechanism 50 further includes a set of 
four roller-pins 59, two of which are fixedly coupled to the slidable 
member 51 and two of which are fixedly coupled to the plate member 41. The 
increment of inked ribbon 7 is disposed contiguous to the four roller-pins 
59 so that the increment of inked ribbon 7 as it leaves one of the inked 
ribbon spools 42 loops around the first of the four roller-pins 59, which 
is fixedly coupled to the plate member 41, as is the fourth of the four 
roller-pins 59, then it loops around the second of the four roller-pins 
59, which is fixedly coupled to the slidable member 51 as is the third of 
the four roller-pins 59, and finally it passes across the print head 13 
and looping itself around the third and fourth of the four roller-pins 59 
as it enters the other inked ribbon spool 42. As the slidable member 51 
slides the second and third roller-pins 59, it moves the portion of the 
increment of inked ribbon 7 between them across the print head 13. The 
portions of the increment of inked ribbon 7 between the first ribbon spool 
42 and the first roller-pin 59 and between the second ribbon spool 42 and 
the fourth roller-pin 59 remain stationary with respect to the plate 
member 41. 
Referring still to FIG. 3 during the printing operation of the printer 10 
the plate member 41 moves in a left to right direction across the printer 
10 and then returns to its at rest position. During this movement, the cam 
coupling member 53 is driven in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed 
from above, by the flat surface 52a of the cam member 52. This occurs 
since the cam member 52 does not move with the plate member 41. The pivot 
arm 54 is rotatively coupled to the plate member 41 and moves therewith. 
When the cam coupling member 53 rotates, it rotates the pivot arm 54 in 
the same direction and with the same angular displacement. The spring 55 
attaches the pivot arm 54 to the plate member 41 and biases it in a 
clockwise direction so that it maintains contact between the cam coupling 
member 53 and the flat surface 52a of the cam member 52 through the pivot 
arm 54. The slidable member 51 is moved from right to left and left to 
right by the pin 56 in the pivot arm 54 through the slot 56a in the 
slidable member 51 as the pivot arm 54 is rotated by the cam coupling 
member 53 interacting with the flat surface 52a of the cam member 52. The 
slidable member 51 is constrained by the slots 57 and the pair of pins 58 
so that its motion is linear even though the pivot arm 54 describes an arc 
in its motion. The roller-pins 59 are attached to the slidable member 51 
so that the roller-pins 59 may rotate freely when they are driven by the 
inked ribbon 7 which is in partial circumferential engagement with the 
roller-pins 59. The displacement distance as a result of the interaction 
of the print head 13 with the slidable member 51 is equal to twice the 
displacement distance of the slidable member 51 due to the fact that the 
roller-pins 59 act as the centers of compound pulleys with a 
multiplication factor of two. A point on the inked ribbon 7 will move from 
its start position to its end position upon the full left to right 
movement of the plate member 41 and will move from its end position to its 
start position upon the return to the rest position of the plate member 
41. The specific configuration embodied in this printer 10 has been 
selected to minimize, to the extent that the constraints of the inked 
ribbon advancement mechanism 40 will permit, the occurrence of slack in 
the inked ribbon 7 as a result of the changing lengths of the inked ribbon 
7 on each side of the center line of the plate member 41 as the slidable 
member 51 is moved from right to left. According to calculation and by 
observation of the operating inked ribbon advancement mechanism 50 the 
slack is approximately 0.010 inches, which is an acceptable amount. If no 
provision was made to move the inked ribbon 7 with respect to the print 
head 13 during the printing operation, then overprints would occur on a 
small area of the inked ribbon 7 (approximately 0.015".times.0.115") which 
would result in a rapid depletion of the ink contained in the inked ribbon 
7 and would further result in irregularly inked printed characters, 
lightly inked printed characters or, in the worst case, insufficiently 
inked characters to the extent of illegibility. This design allows a 
larger area of the inked ribbon 7, an area of approximately 
1.25".times.0.115", to be utilized during printing. 
From the foregoing it can be seen that an inked ribbon advancement 
mechanism has been described. Accordingly, it is intended that the 
foregoing disclosure and showing made in the drawing shall be considered 
only as illustrations of the present invention. Furthermore it should be 
noted that the sketches are not drawn to scale and that distances of and 
between the figures are not to be considered significant. The invention 
will be set forth with particularity in the appended claims.