An atraumatic microsurgical forceps may include a handle having a handle distal end and a handle proximal end, an outer hypodermic tube having an outer hypodermic tube distal end and an outer hypodermic tube proximal end, a surgical blank having a surgical blank distal end and a surgical blank proximal end, and a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws of the surgical blank each atraumatic forceps jaw of the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws having an atraumatic forceps jaw distal end and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end. A compression of the handle may be configured to gradually close the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws wherein the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws initially contact at the atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument, and, more particularly, to a microsurgical forceps.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A microsurgical forceps may be used to perform a microsurgical procedure, e.g., an ophthalmic surgical procedure. For example, a surgeon may use a forceps to grasp and manipulate tissues or other surgical instruments to perform portions of a surgical procedure. A particular microsurgical procedure may require a surgeon to separate a first tissue from a second tissue without causing trauma to at least one of the tissues. Such a separation procedure may be particularly difficult for a surgeon to perform if the tissue surface geometry is not flat, e.g., if the tissue surface geometry is convex. For example, an ophthalmic surgeon may be required to remove an internal limiting membrane from a patient's retina without causing trauma to the patient's retina. Accordingly, there is a need for a microsurgical forceps that enables a surgeon to separate a first tissue from a second tissue without causing trauma to at least one of the tissues.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure presents an atraumatic microsurgical forceps. Illustratively, an atraumatic microsurgical forceps may comprise a handle having a handle distal end and a handle proximal end, an outer hypodermic tube having an outer hypodermic tube distal end and an outer hypodermic tube proximal end, a surgical blank having a surgical blank distal end and a surgical blank proximal end, and a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws of the surgical blank each atraumatic forceps jaw of the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws having an atraumatic forceps jaw distal end and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end. In one or more embodiments, the surgical blank may be disposed in the handle and the outer hypodermic tube wherein at least a portion of the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws extends from the outer hypodermic tube distal end. Illustratively, a compression of the handle may be configured to extend the outer hypodermic tube relative to the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws. In one or more embodiments, an extension of the outer hypodermic tube relative to the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws may be configured to gradually close the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws wherein the plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws initially contact at the atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of a surgical instrument assembly100. In one or more embodiments, surgical instrument assembly100may comprise a nosecone105having a nosecone distal end106and a nosecone proximal end107; one or more links108; one or more link pins109; one or more spacers104; a handle110having a handle distal end111and a handle proximal end112; a front plug115; a distal O-ring116; a proximal O-ring117; a housing sleeve120having a housing sleeve distal end121and a housing sleeve proximal end122; an actuation facilitating sleeve130having an actuation facilitating sleeve distal end131and an actuation facilitating sleeve proximal end132; an inner hypodermic tube140having an inner hypodermic tube distal end141and an inner hypodermic tube proximal end142; a piston tube150having a piston tube distal end151and a piston tube proximal end152; an end plug160having an end plug distal end161and an end plug proximal end162; a fixation mechanism165; an outer hypodermic tube170having an outer hypodermic tube distal end171and an outer hypodermic tube proximal end172; and a surgical blank180having a surgical blank distal end181and a surgical blank proximal end182.

Illustratively, outer hypodermic tube170may be fixed to nosecone105, e.g., outer hypodermic tube proximal end172may be fixed to nosecone distal end106. In one or more embodiments, one or more links108and one or more link pins109may be configured to connect nosecone105and handle110, e.g., a portion of nosecone105may be disposed within handle110. Illustratively, nosecone105may be connected to one or more links108, e.g., one or more link pins109may be disposed within both nosecone105and one or more links108. In one or more embodiments, handle110may be connected to one or more links108, e.g., one or more link pins109may be disposed within both handle110and one or more links108. Illustratively, at least one link108may be connected to both nosecone105and handle110, e.g., by one or more link pins109.

In one or more embodiments, inner hypodermic tube140may be at least partially disposed within piston tube150, e.g., inner hypodermic tube proximal end142may be disposed within piston tube150. Illustratively, inner hypodermic tube140and piston tube150may be at least partially disposed within actuation facilitating sleeve130. In one or more embodiments, actuation facilitating sleeve130and piston tube150may be disposed within housing sleeve120. Illustratively, inner hypodermic tube140may be at least partially disposed within housing sleeve120, e.g., inner hypodermic tube distal end141may extend a distance from housing sleeve distal end121.

In one or more embodiments, distal O-ring116may be disposed over a portion of front plug115. Illustratively, distal O-ring116may be disposed within housing sleeve120and actuation facilitating sleeve130. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of front plug115may be disposed within housing sleeve120and actuation facilitating sleeve130, e.g., housing sleeve distal end121and actuation facilitating sleeve distal end131may be disposed over a portion of front plug115. Illustratively, proximal O-ring117may be disposed over a portion of end plug160. In one or more embodiments, proximal O-ring117may be disposed within housing sleeve120and actuation facilitating sleeve130. Illustratively, at least a portion of end plug160may be disposed within housing sleeve120and actuation facilitating sleeve130, e.g., housing sleeve proximal end122and actuation facilitating sleeve proximal end132may be disposed over a portion of end plug160.

In one or more embodiments, front plug115, distal O-ring116, housing sleeve120, actuation facilitating sleeve130, piston tube150, inner hypodermic tube140, proximal O-ring117, and end plug160may be disposed within handle110. For example, end plug160may be disposed within handle110wherein end plug proximal end162may be adjacent to handle proximal end112. Illustratively, inner hypodermic tube140may be fixed to nosecone105, e.g., inner hypodermic tube distal end141may be fixed to nosecone proximal end107.

In one or more embodiments, surgical blank180may be disposed within outer hypodermic tube170, nosecone105, inner hypodermic tube140, piston tube150, and end plug160. Illustratively, fixation mechanism165may be configured to fix surgical blank180in a position relative to handle110. For example, fixation mechanism165may comprise a setscrew configured to fix surgical blank180in a position relative to handle110. In one or more embodiments, fixation mechanism165may comprise an adhesive material configured to fix surgical blank180in a position relative to handle110. Illustratively, fixation mechanism165may comprise any suitable means of fixing surgical blank180in a position relative to handle110.

FIGS. 2A and 2Bare schematic diagrams illustrating an assembled surgical instrument200.FIG. 2Aillustrates a side view of an assembled surgical instrument200. In one or more embodiments, housing sleeve120may be disposed within handle110. Illustratively, actuation facilitating sleeve130may be disposed within housing sleeve120. In one or more embodiments, piston tube150may be disposed within actuation facilitating sleeve130. Illustratively, a portion of inner hypodermic tube140may be disposed within piston tube150, e.g., inner hypodermic tube proximal end142may be disposed within piston tube150. In one or more embodiments, a portion of inner hypodermic tube140may be fixed to an inner portion of piston tube150, e.g., by a biocompatible adhesive. For example, an actuation of inner hypodermic tube140relative to handle110may be configured to actuate piston tube150relative to handle110and an actuation of piston tube150relative to handle110may be configured to actuate inner hypodermic tube140relative to handle110.

Illustratively, handle110may comprise a spring return aperture210. In one or more embodiments, spring return aperture210may comprise one or more hinges215. Illustratively, spring return aperture210may be configured to separate a first portion of handle110and a second portion of handle110. In one or more embodiments, spring return aperture210may be configured to separate a particular point on the first portion of handle110from a particular point on the second portion of handle110at a first distance. Illustratively, an application of a compressive force to a portion of handle110may be configured to separate the particular point on the first portion of handle110from the particular point on the second portion of handle110at a second distance. In one or more embodiments, the first distance may be greater than the second distance.

Illustratively, handle110may comprise one or more surgical grip points220. In one or more embodiments, one or more surgical grip points220may be configured to prevent undesirable movements of handle110, e.g., during a surgical procedure. Illustratively, one or more surgical grip points220may be configured to interface with a surgeon's fingertips. In one or more embodiments, one or more surgical grip points220may be configured to increase a total contact area between a surgeon's fingertips and handle110. Illustratively, one or more surgical grip points220may be configured to facilitate an application of a compressive force to handle110, e.g., by increasing a coefficient of friction between a surgeon's fingertips and handle110as the surgeon applies a compressive force to handle110. Handle110may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, handle110may comprise one or more handle link pin housings230. Illustratively, handle link pin housing230may be configured to house link pin109. In one or more embodiments, nosecone105may comprise one or more nosecone link pin housings235. Illustratively, nosecone link pin housing235may be configured to house link pin109. In one or more embodiments, at least one link pin109may be configured to connect nosecone105to link108, e.g., link pin109may be disposed within both nosecone link pin housing235and link108. Illustratively, at least one link pin109may be configured to connect handle110and link108, e.g., link pin109may be disposed within both handle link pin housing230and link108. In one or more embodiments, at least one link108may be connected to both nosecone105and handle110, e.g., at least one link pin109may be disposed within both nosecone link pin housing235and link108and at least one link pin109may be disposed within both handle link pin housing230and link108.

FIG. 2Billustrates a cross-sectional view of an assembled surgical instrument200. In one or more embodiments, nosecone105may comprise a nosecone inner bore205. Illustratively, inner hypodermic tube distal end141may be fixed within nosecone inner bore205, e.g., by a machine press fit, a biocompatible adhesive, etc. In one or more embodiments, outer nosecone proximal end172may be fixed within nosecone inner bore205, e.g., by a machine press fit, a biocompatible adhesive, etc.

Illustratively, end plug160may comprise a surgical blank housing240, an end plug inner bore250, an interface taper260, and a fixation mechanism housing270. In one or more embodiments, end plug inner bore250may comprise an end plug inner bore distal cone251and an end plug inner bore proximal chamber252. Illustratively, interface taper260may be configured to interface with one or more components, e.g., to provide one or more surgical utilities. In one or more embodiments, interface taper260may comprise a Luer taper. End plug160may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

Illustratively, surgical blank180may be disposed within outer hypodermic tube170, nosecone inner bore205, inner hypodermic tube140, piston tube150, actuation facilitating sleeve130, surgical blank housing240, and fixation mechanism housing270. In one or more embodiments, fixation mechanism165may be configured to fix surgical blank180in a position relative to handle110, e.g., at fixation mechanism housing270. For example, fixation mechanism165may be disposed within fixation mechanism housing270, e.g., to fix surgical blank180in a position relative to handle110.

Illustratively, surgical blank180may modified to provide a one or more surgical utilities, e.g., surgical blank distal end181may be modified to provide one or more particular surgical utilities of a plurality of surgical utilities. In one or more embodiments, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical forceps, e.g., with a grasping utility. Illustratively, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical scissors, e.g., with a cutting utility. In one or more embodiments, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical manipulator, e.g., with a manipulation utility. Illustratively, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical hook, e.g., with a hook utility. In one or more embodiments, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical chopper, e.g. with a chopping utility. Illustratively, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical pre-chopper, e.g., with a pre-chopping utility. In one or more embodiments, surgical blank180may be modified wherein surgical blank180may comprise a surgical pick, e.g., with a pick utility. Illustratively, surgical blank180may be modified to comprise any surgical instrument with any surgical utility as will be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the relevant technological art. Surgical blank180may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, handle110may be compressed, e.g., by an application of a compressive force to handle110. For example, a surgeon may compress handle110by gently squeezing handle110, e.g., at one or more surgical grip points220. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to actuate nosecone105relative to handle proximal end112. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend nosecone105relative to handle proximal end112.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend one or more links108connected to nosecone105, e.g., by one or more link pins109, away from handle proximal end112. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually project nosecone105relative to handle proximal end112. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually actuate outer hypodermic tube170relative to handle proximal end112. For example, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to handle proximal end112. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually actuate outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180. For example, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180.

In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to actuate inner hypodermic tube140relative to handle110. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend inner hypodermic tube140relative to handle proximal end112. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to actuate piston tube150relative to handle110. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend piston tube150relative to handle proximal end112.

In one or more embodiments, handle110may be decompressed, e.g., by reducing a magnitude of a compressive force applied to handle110. For example, a surgeon may decompress handle110by decreasing an amount of compressive force applied to handle110, e.g., at one or more surgical grip points220. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to actuate nosecone105relative to handle proximal end112. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract nosecone105relative to handle proximal end112.

In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract one or more links108connected to nosecone105, e.g., by one or more link pins109, towards handle proximal end112. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually retract nosecone105relative to handle proximal end112. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually actuate outer hypodermic tube170relative to handle proximal end112. For example, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to handle proximal end112. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually actuate outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180. For example, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180.

In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to actuate inner hypodermic tube140relative to handle110. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract inner hypodermic tube140relative to handle proximal end112. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to actuate piston tube150relative to handle110. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract piston tube150relative to handle proximal end112.

In one or more embodiments, actuation facilitating sleeve130and piston tube150may be configured to minimize a coefficient of friction between actuation facilitating sleeve130and piston tube150. Illustratively, actuation facilitating sleeve130and piston tube150may be manufactured from one or more materials configured to minimize a friction force, e.g., when piston tube150is actuated relative to handle110. For example, actuation facilitation sleeve130and piston tube150may be manufactured from one or more materials configured to minimize a friction force, e.g., when piston tube150is actuated relative to actuation facilitating sleeve130. In one or more embodiments, at least an inner portion of actuation facilitating sleeve130may comprise a non-crystalline material, e.g., glass. Illustratively, at least an outer portion of piston tube150may comprise carbon or a carbon allotrope, e.g., graphite. In one or more embodiments, at least an inner portion of actuation facilitating sleeve130may comprise a carbon or a carbon allots trope, e.g., graphite. Illustratively, at least an outer portion of piston tube150may comprise a non-crystalline material, e.g., glass.

Actuation facilitating sleeve130may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials. Piston tube150may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials. In one or more embodiments, an inner portion of actuation facilitating sleeve130may be coated with a material configured to minimize a coefficient of friction between actuation facilitating sleeve130and piston tube150, e.g., Teflon. Illustratively, an outer portion of piston tube150may be coated with a material configured to minimize a coefficient of friction between piston tube150and actuation facilitation sleeve130, e.g., Teflon.

FIG. 3is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps300.FIG. 3illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps300. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may be manufactured with dimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g., ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps300may be manufactured from surgical blank180. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps300may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with a laser, a file, or any suitable modification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may comprise a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws310, a first contour angle320, a second contour angle330, and a third contour angle340.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw310of a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws310may comprise an atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end312. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311may be separated by a distance315. Illustratively, distance315may comprise a distance in a range of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance315may comprise a distance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance315may comprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may be configured to separate a first tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging the second tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps300may be configured to separate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a second tissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the second tissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise an internal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina. Illustratively, distance315may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance315may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of the first tissue. In one or more embodiments, distance315may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of the first tissue. Illustratively, distance315may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of an internal limiting membrane, e.g., distance315may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, distance315may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane.

Illustratively, first contour angle320may comprise any angle less than 90 degrees, e.g., first contour angle320may comprise an angle in a range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, first contour angle320may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80 degrees. Illustratively, first contour angle320may comprise a 70 degree angle. In one or more embodiments, second contour angle330may comprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., second contour angle330may comprise an angle in a range of 100 to 120 degrees. Illustratively, second contour angle330may comprise an angle less than 100 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments, second contour angle330may comprise a 110 degree angle. Illustratively, third contour angle340may comprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., third contour angle340may comprise an angle in a range of 160 to 175 degrees. In one or more embodiments, third contour angle340may comprise an angle less than 160 degrees or greater than 175 degrees. Illustratively, third contour angle340may comprise a 168 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws310may be configured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311as outer hypodermic tube170is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180may be configured to decrease a distance315between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311. In one or more embodiments, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over a first atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end312and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end312may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311to contact before any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw310contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw310.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual closing of an atraumatic forceps300.FIG. 4Aillustrates a top view and a front view of an open atraumatic forceps400. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps300may comprise an open atraumatic forceps400, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311is separated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311by distance315. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may comprise an open atraumatic forceps400, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully retracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may comprise an open atraumatic forceps400, e.g., when handle110is fully decompressed.

FIG. 4Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closed atraumatic forceps410. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps300, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps400to a partially closed atraumatic forceps410. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311, e.g., a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311may be separated by a distance less than distance315when atraumatic forceps300comprises a partially closed atraumatic forceps410.

FIG. 4Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closed atraumatic forceps420. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps300, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps410to a fully closed atraumatic forceps420. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws310wherein atraumatic forceps jaws310initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws310wherein atraumatic forceps jaws310initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311. Illustratively, after atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311initially contact, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws310wherein a contact area between atraumatic forceps jaws310gradually increases. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws310may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw310in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw310increases gradually from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws310may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw310in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw310increases gradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws310starting at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311and gradually progressing towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to close a first atraumatic forceps jaw310and a second atraumatic forceps jaw310wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws310initially contact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws310initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311, a compression of handle110may be configured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws310to gradually contact each other starting at medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws310adjacent to first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limiting membrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws310, e.g., without damaging the retina. Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate handle110and assembled surgical instrument200to approach a retina with atraumatic forceps300, e.g., when atraumatic forceps300comprises an open atraumatic forceps400. For example, a surgeon may gradually move atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311closer to a retina until atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311contact an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311and no other portion of atraumatic forceps jaws310, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlying retinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion of an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internal limiting membrane and compress handle110to grasp a second portion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws310. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of the internal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws310located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual opening of an atraumatic forceps300.FIG. 5Aillustrates a top view and a front view of a closed atraumatic forceps500. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps300may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps500, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311is adjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps500, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully extended over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps300may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps500, e.g., when handle110is fully compressed.

FIG. 5Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially open atraumatic forceps510. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps300, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps500to a partially open atraumatic forceps510. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws310. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws310wherein a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311contacts a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311until all other portions of atraumatic forceps jaws310are separated. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to separate atraumatic forceps jaws310wherein atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends311are the last portions of atraumatic forceps jaws310to separate.

FIG. 5Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully open atraumatic forceps520. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps300, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps510to a fully open atraumatic forceps520. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends312. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws310. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end311may be separated by distance315, e.g., when atraumatic forceps300comprises a fully open atraumatic forceps520.

FIG. 6is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps600.FIG. 6illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps600. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may be manufactured with dimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g., ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps600may be manufactured from surgical blank180. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps600may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with a laser, a file, or any suitable modification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may comprise a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws610, a fourth contour angle620, and a fifth contour angle630.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw610of a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws610may comprise an atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end612. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611may be separated by a distance615. Illustratively, distance615may comprise a distance in a range of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance615may comprise a distance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance615may comprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may be configured to separate a first tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging the second tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps600may be configured to separate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a second tissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the second tissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise an internal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina. Illustratively, distance615may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance615may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of the first tissue. In one or more embodiments, distance615may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of the first tissue. Illustratively, distance615may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of an internal limiting membrane, e.g., distance615may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, distance615may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane.

Illustratively, fourth contour angle620may comprise any angle less than 90 degrees, e.g., fourth contour angle620may comprise an angle in a range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, fourth contour angle620may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80 degrees. Illustratively, fourth contour angle620may comprise a 76.3 degree angle. In one or more embodiments, fifth contour angle630may comprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., fifth contour angle630may comprise an angle in a range of 95 to 120 degrees. Illustratively, fifth contour angle630may comprise an angle less than 95 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments, fifth contour angle630may comprise a 103.7 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws610may be configured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611as outer hypodermic tube170is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180may be configured to decrease a distance615between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611. In one or more embodiments, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over a first atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end612and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end612may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611to contact before any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw610contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw610.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual closing of an atraumatic forceps600.FIG. 7Aillustrates a top view and a front view of an open atraumatic forceps700. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps600may comprise an open atraumatic forceps700, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611is separated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611by distance615. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may comprise an open atraumatic forceps700, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully retracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may comprise an open atraumatic forceps700, e.g., when handle110is fully decompressed.

FIG. 7Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closed atraumatic forceps710. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps600, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps700to a partially closed atraumatic forceps710. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611, e.g., a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611may be separated by a distance less than distance615when atraumatic forceps600comprises a partially closed atraumatic forceps710.

FIG. 7Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closed atraumatic forceps720. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps600, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps710to a fully closed atraumatic forceps720. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws610wherein atraumatic forceps jaws610initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws610wherein atraumatic forceps jaws610initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611. Illustratively, after atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611initially contact, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws610wherein a contact area between atraumatic forceps jaws610gradually increases. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws610may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw610in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw610increases gradually from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws610may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw610in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw610increases gradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws610starting at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611and gradually progressing towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to close a first atraumatic forceps jaw610and a second atraumatic forceps jaw610wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws610initially contact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws610initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611, a compression of handle110may be configured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws610to gradually contact each other starting at medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws610adjacent to first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limiting membrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws610, e.g., without damaging the retina. Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate handle110and assembled surgical instrument200to approach a retina with atraumatic forceps600, e.g., when atraumatic forceps600comprises an open atraumatic forceps700. For example, a surgeon may gradually move atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611closer to a retina until atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611contact an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611and no other portion of atraumatic forceps jaws610, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlying retinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion of an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internal limiting membrane and compress handle110to grasp a second portion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws610. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of the internal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws610located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual opening of an atraumatic forceps600.FIG. 8Aillustrates a top view and a front view of a closed atraumatic forceps800. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps600may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps800, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611is adjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps800, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully extended over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps600may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps800, e.g., when handle110is fully compressed.

FIG. 8Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially open atraumatic forceps810. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps600, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps800to a partially open atraumatic forceps810. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws610. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws610wherein a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611contacts a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611until all other portions of atraumatic forceps jaws610are separated. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to separate atraumatic forceps jaws610wherein atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends611are the last portions of atraumatic forceps jaws610to separate.

FIG. 8Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully open atraumatic forceps820. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps600, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps810to a fully open atraumatic forceps820. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends612. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws610. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end611may be separated by distance615, e.g., when atraumatic forceps600comprises a fully open atraumatic forceps820.

FIG. 9is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps900.FIG. 9illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps900. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may be manufactured with dimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g., ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps900may be manufactured from surgical blank180. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps900may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with a laser, a file, or any suitable modification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may comprise a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws910, a sixth contour angle920, and a seventh contour angle930.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw910of a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws910may comprise an atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end912. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911may be separated by a distance915. Illustratively, distance915may comprise a distance in a range of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance915may comprise a distance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance915may comprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may be configured to separate a first tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging the second tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps900may be configured to separate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a second tissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the second tissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise an internal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina. Illustratively, distance915may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance915may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of the first tissue. In one or more embodiments, distance915may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of the first tissue. Illustratively, distance915may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of an internal limiting membrane, e.g., distance915may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, distance915may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane.

Illustratively, sixth contour angle920may comprise any angle less than 90 degrees, e.g., sixth contour angle920may comprise an angle in a range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, sixth contour angle920may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80 degrees. Illustratively, sixth contour angle920may comprise a 70 degree angle. In one or more embodiments, seventh contour angle930may comprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., seventh contour angle930may comprise an angle in a range of 95 to 120 degrees. Illustratively, seventh contour angle930may comprise an angle less than 95 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments, seventh contour angle930may comprise a 110 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws910may be configured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911as outer hypodermic tube170is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180may be configured to decrease a distance915between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911. In one or more embodiments, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over a first atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end912and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end912may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911to contact before any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw910contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw910.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual closing of an atraumatic forceps900.FIG. 10Aillustrates a top view and a front view of an open atraumatic forceps1000. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps900may comprise an open atraumatic forceps1000, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911is separated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911by distance915. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may comprise an open atraumatic forceps1000, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully retracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may comprise an open atraumatic forceps1000, e.g., when handle110is fully decompressed.

FIG. 10Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closed atraumatic forceps1010. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps900, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps1000to a partially closed atraumatic forceps1010. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911, e.g., a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911may be separated by a distance less than distance915when atraumatic forceps900comprises a partially closed atraumatic forceps1010.

FIG. 10Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closed atraumatic forceps1020. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps900, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps1010to a fully closed atraumatic forceps1020. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws910wherein atraumatic forceps jaws910initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws910wherein atraumatic forceps jaws910initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911. Illustratively, after atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911initially contact, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws910wherein a contact area between atraumatic forceps jaws910gradually increases. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws910may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw910in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw910increases gradually from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws910may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw910in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw910increases gradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws910starting at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911and gradually progressing towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to close a first atraumatic forceps jaw910and a second atraumatic forceps jaw910wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws910initially contact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws910initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911, a compression of handle110may be configured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws910to gradually contact each other starting at medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws910adjacent to first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limiting membrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws910, e.g., without damaging the retina. Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate handle110and assembled surgical instrument200to approach a retina with atraumatic forceps900, e.g., when atraumatic forceps900comprises an open atraumatic forceps1000. For example, a surgeon may gradually move atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911closer to a retina until atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911contact an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911and no other portion of atraumatic forceps jaws910, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlying retinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion of an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internal limiting membrane and compress handle110to grasp a second portion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws910. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of the internal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws910located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911.

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual opening of an atraumatic forceps900.FIG. 11Aillustrates a top view and a front view of a closed atraumatic forceps1100. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps900may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps1100, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911is adjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps1100, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully extended over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps900may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps1100, e.g., when handle110is fully compressed.

FIG. 11Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially open atraumatic forceps1110. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps900, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps1100to a partially open atraumatic forceps1110. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws910. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws910wherein a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911contacts a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911until all other portions of atraumatic forceps jaws910are separated. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to separate atraumatic forceps jaws910wherein atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends911are the last portions of atraumatic forceps jaws910to separate.

FIG. 11Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully open atraumatic forceps1120. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps900, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps1110to a fully open atraumatic forceps1120. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends912. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws910. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end911may be separated by distance915, e.g., when atraumatic forceps900comprises a fully open atraumatic forceps1120.

FIG. 12is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps1200.FIG. 12illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps1200. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may be manufactured with dimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g., ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps1200may be manufactured from surgical blank180. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps1200may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank180, e.g., with a laser, a file, or any suitable modification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws1210, an eighth contour angle1220, and a ninth contour angle1230.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw1210of a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws1210may comprise an atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end1212. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211may be separated by a distance1215. Illustratively, distance1215may comprise a distance in a range of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance1215may comprise a distance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance1215may comprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may be configured to separate a first tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging the second tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps1200may be configured to separate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a second tissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the second tissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise an internal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina. Illustratively, distance1215may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance1215may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of the first tissue. In one or more embodiments, distance1215may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of the first tissue. Illustratively, distance1215may comprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of an internal limiting membrane, e.g., distance1215may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, distance1215may comprise a distance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness of an internal limiting membrane.

Illustratively, eighth contour angle1220may comprise any angle less than 90 degrees, e.g., eighth contour angle1220may comprise an angle in a range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, eighth contour angle1220may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80 degrees. Illustratively, eighth contour angle1220may comprise a 72.3 degree angle. In one or more embodiments, ninth contour angle1230may comprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., ninth contour angle1230may comprise an angle in a range of 95 to 120 degrees. Illustratively, ninth contour angle1230may comprise an angle less than 95 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments, ninth contour angle1230may comprise a 107 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws1210may be configured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211as outer hypodermic tube170is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180may be configured to decrease a distance1215between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211. In one or more embodiments, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over a first atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end1212and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end1212may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211to contact before any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw1210contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw1210.

FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual closing of an atraumatic forceps1200.FIG. 13Aillustrates a top view and a front view of an open atraumatic forceps1300. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise an open atraumatic forceps1300, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211is separated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211by distance1215. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise an open atraumatic forceps1300, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully retracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise an open atraumatic forceps1300, e.g., when handle110is fully decompressed.

FIG. 13Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closed atraumatic forceps1310. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps1200, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps1300to a partially closed atraumatic forceps1310. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211, e.g., a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211may be separated by a distance less than distance1215when atraumatic forceps1200comprises a partially closed atraumatic forceps1310.

FIG. 13Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closed atraumatic forceps1320. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps1200, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps1310to a fully closed atraumatic forceps1320. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a compression of handle110may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube distal end171over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, an extension of outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws1210wherein atraumatic forceps jaws1210initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws1210wherein atraumatic forceps jaws1210initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211. Illustratively, after atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211initially contact, a compression of handle110may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forceps jaws1210wherein a contact area between atraumatic forceps jaws1210gradually increases. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws1210may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw1210in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw1210increases gradually from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws1210may be configured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw1210in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw1210increases gradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, a compression of handle110may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws1210starting at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211and gradually progressing towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110may be configured to close a first atraumatic forceps jaw1210and a second atraumatic forceps jaw1210wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws1210initially contact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws1210initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211, a compression of handle110may be configured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws1210to gradually contact each other starting at medial portions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws1210adjacent to first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limiting membrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws1210, e.g., without damaging the retina. Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate handle110and assembled surgical instrument200to approach a retina with atraumatic forceps1200, e.g., when atraumatic forceps1200comprises an open atraumatic forceps1300. For example, a surgeon may gradually move atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211closer to a retina until atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211contact an internal limiting membrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of handle110, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend outer hypodermic tube170over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211and no other portion of atraumatic forceps jaws1210, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlying retinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion of an internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internal limiting membrane and compress handle110to grasp a second portion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws1210. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of the internal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws1210located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211.

FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14Care schematic diagrams illustrating a gradual opening of an atraumatic forceps1200.FIG. 14Aillustrates a top view and a front view of a closed atraumatic forceps1400. In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps1400, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211is adjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps1400, e.g., when outer hypodermic tube170is fully extended over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps1200may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps1400, e.g., when handle110is fully compressed.

FIG. 14Billustrates a top view and a front view of a partially open atraumatic forceps1410. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps1200, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps1400to a partially open atraumatic forceps1410. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws1210. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws1210wherein a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211contacts a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211until all other portions of atraumatic forceps jaws1210are separated. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to separate atraumatic forceps jaws1210wherein atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1211are the last portions of atraumatic forceps jaws1210to separate.

FIG. 14Cillustrates a top view and a front view of a fully open atraumatic forceps1420. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps1200, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps1410to a fully open atraumatic forceps1420. In one or more embodiments, a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube170relative to surgical blank180, e.g., a decompression of handle110may be configured to retract outer hypodermic tube distal end171relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends1212. Illustratively, a decompression of handle110may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws1210. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1211may be separated by distance1215, e.g., when atraumatic forceps1200comprises a fully open atraumatic forceps1420.

The foregoing description has been directed to particular embodiments of this invention. It will be apparent; however, that other variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiments, with the attainment of some or all of their advantages. Specifically, it should be noted that the principles of the present invention may be implemented in any system. Furthermore, while this description has been written in terms of a surgical instrument, the teachings of the present invention are equally suitable to any systems where the functionality may be employed. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.