Caseless ammunition for a firearm and mechanism for extracting caseless ammunition

There is disclosed caseless ammunition, composing a shell, a propellant placed in a shell chamber, and an igniter block. The body of the shell is made with a cylindrical part, which passes into a inclined surface of the leading cylindrical part, which goes into the rear cylindrical part, wherein: the inclined surface is made at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shell body; the leading cylindrical part is made with a wall thickness; of the leading cylindrical part is 0.122D, where D is the outer diameter of the ammunition; the rear cylindrical part is made with a smaller diameter than the diameter of the leading cylindrical part; a ledge formed between the leading cylindrical part and the rear cylindrical part; the rear cylindrical part ends with a chamfer; an inlet interior cylindrical hole made in the body of the shell, into which an ignition block is installed.

The group of inventions relates to field of arm engineering, notably to the caseless ammunition and a mechanism that allows you to extract caseless ammunition reliably.

There are different constructions of caseless ammunition, when the bullet is inside the head space of the propellant charge, developed in Austria, 1983-1994, 1980-1986, France, Germany, 1974-1987, 1969-1975 the USA. The disadvantage of ammunition when a bullet is inside the head space is that there are complicated constructions of the weapon G 11 Germany, the LSAT the USA, and there is also a possibility of self-ignition of ammunition in the chamber of weapon and magazines during the long shooting, insecurity of ammunition during transportation, loss of its features during long storage. Construction, when the propellant charge is in the bullet, that was developed in the USA for the weapon Volkanik 1860, Gyroyj et 1965-their disadvantages are the low power of the ammunition which is from 30 to 250 J, and the lack of precision of the weapon, large dispersion, low performance reliability, high cost of manufacturing.

From the prior art, caseless ammunition for firearms is known (Patent RU No 2153145, IPC F42B 5/18, publ. 20.07.2000 Bul. No 20) which comprises a body, a core, a flammable material, where the core has contact surface with the flammable material, and has shape of cone or pyramid with an angle of 50-1700′ that directed to the axis of ammunition with its top to the rear part and the body in the rear part of the ammunition, which is perpendicular to the axis of the ammunition, has a turbine with 2-8 guiding elements, that is covered outside by a layer of the flammable material, wherein its thickness 0.2-3 mm, herewith a turbine is made of a high-temperature material; it has a thickness of 1.5-4 mm and with the body and core reaches object of distruction.

The disadvantages of this solution are:substantial body drag that occurs during the bullet flight, because of the conical shape of the body;during the combustion of the propellant turbine will be pulled out by high gas pressure to 300 kg/cm2due to press fit holder and as a result it will remain in the chamber of the weapon that will not allow to send next ammunition;absence of the primer of the igniter in ammunition and military weapons dependence on electric energy source reduces the reliability of the weapon, especially in case of bad weather conditions (rain, fog, snow).

Known artillery round (Patent RU No 2135938, IPC F42B 5/18, publ. 27.08.1999) comprises warhead with driving band filled with propellant charge, combustion chamber with a receiver separated by a horizontal perforated diaphragm with a membrane, gasket and a primer. The combustion chamber is made in the form of a bush permanently joined to the warhead body where gasket, made as plate spring, is positioned, horizontal perforated diaphragm is located at the bush end face above the receiver and the propellant charge is located between gasket and horizontal perforated diaphragm.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the artillery ammunition can be used only for grenade launchers of 20 mm and higher, using high pressure in the combustion chamber and low pressure in the receiver together with the volume of the grenade launcher in the breech assembly, for a grenade volume—creating a chamber of low pressure, and ammunitions is not acceptable for hand small arms.

In addition, manufacture of artillery ammunitions requires a high manufacturing complexity and precision of the components, that increases the cost and decreases the reliability of the construction.

Known cartridge (Patent RU No 2113686, IPC F42B 5/18, publ. 20.06.1998) comprises a bullet, a propellant charge of a flammable material and a primer-igniter in which the bullet is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, provided with a membrane-wad, which is connected with the primer-igniter by a rod, passing along the bullet axis, and the propellant charge is positioned in the bullet cavity behind the membrane.

The disadvantages of this solution are:substantial body drag that occurs during the bullet flight due to projecting inner rear part of driving band; as a rim for holding the high forces, which arise from the membrane, on which high gas pressure influences, during the combustion of the propellant, should, at least, has a height equal two-three wall thicknesses of hollow thin walled cylinder, that forms body drag in end surface of the rim and vortex flow occurs the rim, as a result bullet can start tumbling;during motion of the stabilizer and a membrane, that has a disc shape and which is connected by rod into the rear part of bullet, due to incoming air flow, it is necessary to manufacture membrane disc is equal to three or four thicknesses of the wall of the hollow thin-walled cylinder, otherwise during the combustion of the propellant membrane disc can deform and wedge in hole, formed by the rim, due to the high gases pressure, that will result in destabilization of a bullet flight. Meanwhile the disk of membrane, which is equal to three or four thicknesses of the wall of the hollow thin walled cylinder, with rod will have a weight comparable to the weight of bullet and during moving to the rear part they will rapidly change gravity center ‘of the system ‘bullet—membrane’, which can also lead to destabilization of the bullet flight;protruding primer-igniter, which is put on the rod and located in the rear part of the ammunition, bulges out, as a result it is unsafe during the transportation and using of such ammunitions, and non-authorized accumulation and explosion of ammunition can occur;manufacture of these ammunitions requires high complexity and precision of manufacture of components (hollow thin-walled cylinder with an internal projection, the disk, connected by the rod, primer-igniter, flat stabilizer, a film of binding glue-material) which increases the cost and decreases the reliability of the construction.

This solution is the first prototype of the proposed technical solution.

From the prior art, mechanism for extraction of ammunitions and/or cartridge cases in a weapon with convertible barrel is known (Patent U.S. Pat. No. 6,839,997 B2, the IPC F41A15/06, F41A3/00, publ. 05.05. 1992). Device for removal of cartridges and/or cartridge casings in a drop-barrel weapon, with at least one cartridge ejector axially displaceable in a barrel part for removal of unfired cartridges and an ejector mechanism acting on the cartridge ejector for ejection of spent cartridge casings, comprising the ejector mechanism has a locking pin, displaceable in the cartridge ejector, for releasable locking of the cartridge ejector in the barrel part, and a guide pin arranged in the cartridge ejector that engages on the cartridge ejector via a compression spring arranged in the interior of the cartridge ejector and can be displaced by a tension slide arranged on the barrel part, the locking pin being displaceable via an ejector firing pin operated by a striking pin piece into an advanced position, in which the cartridge ejector is locked relative to the barrel part via a locking mechanism, and the locking pin having a front end pin, via which, during full pivoting of the barrel part, the locking pin is pushed back by the guide pin into its rear position, in which locking of the cartridge ejector is released relative to the barrel part by the locking mechanism.

The disadvantage of this solution is the presence of cylindrical components, that slides in the tube of the barrel, working in tight conditions, and as a result dust pollution or contamination of the mechanism leads to unavoidable wedging of the mechanism and impossibility to extract the case. Also, this solution does not have a method of automatic removal of the case from the gun barrel, what makes the mechanism inapplicable to the weapon with automatic or semi-automatic reloading.

Known the extractor unit with one part (US20050115127 A1, MILK F41A15/14, publ. 02.06.2005) which includes an elongate extractor body configured to be disposed in the opening of the slide such that the slide encloses the extractor body. The elongate extractor body includes a first end and a second end. The second end of the extractor body is resiliently biased in a direction toward a round of ammunition and includes a portion configured to engage a rebate on a round of ammunition. The disadvantage of this solution is the high probability of wedging or disruption to ammunition feed during shooting from the weapon, as well as a bore in the bottom of the case is required for this type of extractor what increases the cost of the ammunition.

Known extraction mechanism for firearm (ΠaTeHTU.S. Pat. No. 7,380,362 B2, MΠK F41A 15/00, F41A 15/10, publ. 03.06.2008) which comprising an extractor arm pivotally mounted within a pocket in a firearm slide. The extractor arm includes a body portion and a hook portion, the body portion being disposed within the pocket and the hook portion extending out of the pocket from an opening proximate to the breech face. The disadvantage of this solution is the technologically complex components of the mechanism, which operates in tight space, springs, also the mechanism is not protected from contamination by the external environment, that leads to dust pollution and contamination of the mechanism components. All the above-mentioned factors result in the wedging of the mechanism.

When all kinds of small arms used, during long-term firing it is desirable to delay the moment of self-ignition of ammunition in heated weapon. During transportation of bulk ammunition, especially on rough terrain, due to shattering picket bullet of ammunition may fire primer-igniter which is close to ammunition, and therefore it is required to make acute end of bullet with platform, and primer-igniter—with increased rigidity. The relatively blunt end of the picket bullet decreases the range ability and bullet penetrating power, so it is desirable to make a bullet with an point end, and a primer—with less rigidity.

During shooting from weapon in closed spaces and within flying vehicles there is a danger that different devices are hit and wedged by cases, ricochet of cases from helicopter rotors may injure soldier. Due to the ricochet of the case soldier can get a burn, if there are cases under the legs, they can cause loss of balance and fall. Besides, the case has ⅔ of the weight of the ammunition, and therefore it increases the weight of the carriable amount of ammunition, and there are additional mechanisms in the operation of the weapon, slots and windows for extraction of the case required and that drastically decreases the reliability of the weapon. It is desirable to take case away and simplified the extraction.

During usage of caseless ammunition with U-shaped chamber it is desirable to enhance power of ammunition and in so doing to reduce the weight without changing its dimensions. When all kinds of small arms with open chamber are used, it is desirable to have extraction only in manual reloading, it is desirable to eliminate extraction during.

During shooting from the weapon additional mechanisms, slots and windows for extraction of case are required what drastically decreases the reliability of the weapon. It is desirable to simplify extraction for weapon with open chamber.

The aim of the first proposed invention is to delay the moment of self-ignition of ammunition in heated weapon, to enhance the power of the caseless ammunition and to reduce its weight without changing its dimensions, to protect the primer from accumulation by the front point end of the ammunition, to reduce the losses of the shell velocity, to increase the penetrating power.

The aim of the second proposed invention is to simplify extraction of the proposed ammunition. This objective is achieved in that extraction is simplified by means of expanding ring or magnetic extraction washer-marker in ammunition, since these parts participate in extraction on a one-off basis during shooting and they are simple.

Another aim of mentioned invention is to provide reliability of ammunition extraction. This objective is achieved in that the extraction of the ammunition is actuated only in manual reloading, and during the shooting the extraction mechanisms are not actuated. Reliability of extraction is considerably increased thanks to expanding ring or magnetic extraction washer-marker in ammunition, since these parts participate in extraction on a one-off basis during shooting and they are simple.

The aim of first proposed invention can be achieved by proposed caseless ammunition which comprising a shell, the propellant (solid, liquid, gas) of flammable material which is placed in the shell chamber, and an igniter block, which is characterized in that the shell body is made with a cylindrical part (25), which passes into an inclined surface (26) of the leading cylindrical part (29), which passes into the rear cylindrical part (30), herewith:said inclined surface (26) is made at an angle (d27) 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis (28) of the shell body;said leading cylindrical part (29) is made with a wall thickness (T29);the thickness (T29) of the leading cylindrical part (29) is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition;said rear cylindrical part (30) is made with smaller diameter than the diameter of the leading cylindrical part (29);between the leading cylindrical part (29) and the rear cylindrical part (30) the ledge (31) is made;rear cylindrical part (30) ends with a chamfer (32);the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) is made in the body of the shell, into which an igniter block (4) or (5) or (22) is installed.

In addition, the fore-part of the shell body (2) is made as a lancet section (23) with an acute end (24) and the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) which is made in the shell body (2) passes into the middle cylindrical hole (34) which via a conical transition (35) passes into the conical hole (36) which passes into ogive hole (37), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34), a conical transition (35), conical hole (36) and the ogive hole (37) form a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3).

In addition, the fore-part of the shell body (7) is made as a truncated cone (39) with an ogival tip (40) and the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) which is made in the shell body (7), passes into the middle cylindrical hole (34) which via a conical transition (35) passes into the conical hole (36) which passes into ogive hole (37), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34), a conical transition (35), conical hole (36) and the ogive hole (37) form a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3).

In addition, the fore-part of the body (41) of the shell (9) is made as a lancet section (23) with a flat end (45) and blind hole (46), into which armor-piercing tip (42) is installed, which is made as a cone (47) with an acute end (24) and the cylindrical ledge (48) and the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) which is made in the body (41) of the shell (9) passes into the middle cylindrical hole (34), which via a conical transition (35) passes into the conical hole (36) which passes into the ogive hole (37), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34), a transition cone (35), the conical hole (36) and the ogive hole (37) form a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3).

In addition, the fore-part of the body (43) of the shell (11) is made as a lancet section (23) with a flat end (45) and blind hole (46) and through hole (49), wherein in a blind hole (46) and a through hole (49) armor-piercing core tip (44) is installed, which is made as a cylindrical head (50), that passing into a conical end (51) with an acute end (24), on one side, and passing into a cylindrical rod (52) on other side, and at the end of the cylindrical rod (52) a chamfer (53) is made and the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) which is made in the body (43) of the shell (11) passes into the middle cylindrical hole (34), which via a conical transition (35) passes into the conical hole (36) which passes into an ogive hole (37), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34), a transition cone (35), the conical hole (36) and the ogive hole (37) form a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3).

In addition, the fore-part of the shell body (13) is made as a lancet section (23) with an acute end (24) and the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) which is made in the shell body (13) passes into the middle cylindrical hole (34) which via a conical transition (35) passes into the conical hole (36) which passes into an ogive hole (37), wherein washer (15) is additionally installed in ammunition, a chamfer (56) of which bears against a conical transition (35), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34) forms a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3) and the tracer compound (14) is placed in the ogive hole (37) and the conical hole (36).

In addition, in the body (57) of the shell (17) in an end face (60) of the cylindrical part (25) is made a cylindrical ledge (61) on which tip (58) is installed, which is made as a lancet section (23) with an acute end (24) and in the end face (62) of the lancet section (23) interior entering chamfer (63) is made, which passes into the blind cylindrical hole (64), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34) and ogive hole (37) forms a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3).

In addition, in the body (57) of the shell (19) in an end face (60) of the cylindrical part (25) is made a cylindrical ledge (61) on which the tip (59) is installed, which is made as a truncated cone (39) with ogive tip (40) and in the end face (62) of the truncated cone (39) interior entering chamfer (63) is made which passes into the blind cylindrical hole (64), wherein the middle cylindrical hole (34) and ogive hole (37) forms a shell chamber (38) for the propellant (3).

In addition, the fore-part of the shell (21) is made as a lancet section (23) with an acute end (24) and the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) is made in the shell body (21), passes into the middle cylindrical hole (34), which passes into a conical hole (65), wherein in the inlet interior cylindrical hole (33) a training igniter block is installed (22).

It is preferably that an igniter block (4), comprising a body (66) which is made as small cylindrical section (73) passing into a big cylindrical section (74), herewith:in the end face (75) of the small cylindrical section (73) central seed hole is made (76);in the end face of the big cylindrical section (74) a blind hole (77) is made, which passes into smaller blind hole (78);in the body (66) of said igniter block (4) primer of igniter block with an anvil (67), the interior washer (68), expanding ring (69) and the external washer-marker (70) which is made as a cylinder (79) with an interior cylindrical hole (80) are consistently installed;an interior cylindrical hole (80) passes into the small base of the conical section (81) with a smaller diameter;on a cylinder (79) external chamfer (82) is made from the side of the interior cylindrical hole (80).

It is preferably that an igniter block (5) comprises a body (66) made in the form of small cylindrical section (73) which passes into a big cylindrical section (74), wherein:in the end face (75) of the small cylindrical part (73) the central seed hole (76) is made;in the end face of the big cylindrical section (74) a blind hole (77) is made, which passes into a smaller blind hole (78);in a body (66) of said igniter block (5) the primer of igniter block with anvil (67) and the magnetic extraction washer-marker (71) are consistently installed.

It is preferably that an igniter block (22) comprises a body (66) made in the form of small cylindrical section (73) which passes into a big cylindrical s (74), wherein:in the end face (75) of the small cylindrical section (73) the central seed hole is made (76);in the end face of the big cylindrical section (74) a blind hole (77) is made, which passes into smaller blind hole (78);in the body (66) of said igniter block (5) sterile primer (72) and the magnetic extraction washer-marker (71) are consistently installed.

In addition, between the primer with an anvil (67) in the igniter block (4) and the front acute end (24) of the ammunition, which bears against lancet section (23) on the external washer-marker (70), gap (83) is made, wherein the thickness (T83) of the gap (83) is equal to 0.05D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition.

In addition, between the primer with an anvil (67) in the igniter block (5) and the front acute end (24) of the ammunition, which bears against lancet section (23) on the magnetic extraction washer-marker (71), a gap (83) is made, wherein the thickness (T83) of the gap (83) is equal to 0.05D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition.

In addition, the external washer-marker (70) is made in different colors.

In addition, the magnetic extraction washer-marker (71) is made in different colors.

In addition, an igniter block (4) for the mechanical extraction is made of flammable material.

Besides, an igniter block (5) for the mechanical extraction is made of flammable material.

The aim of second proposed invention can be achieved by proposed mechanism for extraction caseless ammunition comprises the receiver (84) interacting with the lid of the receiver (85) which is made with possibility to make in and out movement;

lock frame (86) which is made with possibility to make in and out movement and interacts with the lid of the receiver (85);

the bolt (88) is made in the lock frame (86), and installed with possibility to make in and out movement;

a conical bushing (93) is installed inside the bolt (88) through the firing pin (89); an extractor (95) which is made with possibility to rotate on the shaft (103) in the receiver (84), which is characterized in that lock frame (86) is made with a front ledge (87);

on the front end of the firing pin (89) the conical part (90) is made, which passes into a cylindrical section of smaller diameter (91), wherein at the juncture of the conical section (90) and cylindrical section of smaller diameter (91) inclined ledge (92) is formed;

conical bushing (93) is made with interior ledges (94); an extractor (95) is made with a ledge (96) with a semicircular hollow (97) which passes into an upper ledge (98) which has a front inclined area (99) and a rear inclined area (100) and the upper ledge (98) passes into the fore-part (101) which passes into the rear part (102); a shaft (103) with a circular groove (104) which is placed on the contact point of the fore-part (101) and the rear part (102), wherein the rear part (102) passes into the lower ledge (106) which has a front inclined area (107) and a rear horizontal area (108) and the lower ledge (106) passes into the upper ledge (109) which has a front inclined area (110), an upper horizontal area (111) and a rear inclined area (112).

In addition, the angle (d92) of inclined ledge (92) about the axis of the firing pin (89) is 30-45 degrees.

In addition, between the end face of conical section (90) of the firing pin (89) and a primer with an anvil (67) of igniter block (4,5) of the caseless ammunition a gap (114) is made.

In addition, the thickness (T114) of the gap (114) is 0.03-0.05D, wherein D—outside diameter of the ammunition.

In addition, the conical bushing (93) on the bolt (88) forms a gap (115) with the rear end of the ammunition.

In addition, the thickness (T115) of the gap (115) is equal to 0.2D, wherein D—outside diameter of the ammunition.

In addition, the mechanism works only with hand reloading.

Novel features of the group of inventions are:the thickness (T29) of the leading cylindrical part (29) is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition, which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness of side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where thickness of side wall at case bottom equals (0,052-0,078) Dsb, where Dsbis outer diameter at case bottom. This structural feature provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell can operate in the weapon at pressures close to 620 MPa what is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the firing energy;in the proposed caseless ammunition the igniting blocks are made completely combustible, for example, they are made of nitrocellulose-bases plastic. As a result weight of ammunition is reduced without changing its overall dimensions, and their power increases;there is a gap between the primer and the anvil of the ignition unit of the caseless ammunition and the front acute end of the ammunition, and the front acute end cannot break the primer. The acute end of the ammunition makes it possible to reduce the air resistance on the whole flight trajectory, thereby it allows to reduce the losses of the shell velocity. Also acute end of ammunition increases penetrating power in soft jackets thanks to extension of cells of cloth, and in solid armored jackets thanks to concentration of stresses on considerably smaller area in front acute end;the propellant is located inside the ammunition, thanks to this and the structural features of the weapon there is provided a new method of shooting. This makes it possible to develop the necessary energy for particular types of weapons. It also allows to have different kinds of weapons for one type of ammunition and one structure;at the joint of the conical part and the cylindrical part with the smaller diameter on the front end of the firing pin, the inclined shelf is formed, which opens the expanding ring for mechanical extraction and the firing pin with the igniting block drops out of gear and a conical bushing on the bolt gets a gap with rear end of proposed ammunition;conical section is formed on the front end of the firing pin, during magnetic extraction that conical section is beyond the magnetic extraction washer-marker of the igniter block, wherein the magnetized magnetic extraction washer-marker toms off from the firing pin, and the conical bushing on the bolt gets a gap of certain thickness with the rear end of the ammunition. The thickness of the gap does not allow the rear end of the ammunition to engage the conical bushing during ejection beyond the weapon, what provides reliability of the loading cycle, reloading cycle.

Shells are made of steel in the proposed invention.

FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING OF INVENTION

FIG. 9shows detail design of caseless ammunition1(side view). This configuration comprises acute shell2, propellant3(solid, liquid and gaseous) and igniter block4or5.

FIG. 16shows detail design of caseless ammunition20(side view). This configuration comprises shell21, propellant3(solid, liquid and gaseous) and training igniter block22.

FIG. 17shows side view of shell2. The fore-part of the shell body2is made as a lancet section23with an acute end24which passes into a cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26of the leading cylindrical part29, which passes into the rear cylindrical part30with smaller diameter.

Inclined surface26is made at an angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the shell2. Acute angle27has measure d27which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.

The thickness T29of the leading cylindrical part29is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition, which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness Tswcbof side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where (Tswcb=0.052−0.078 Dcb, where Dcbis outer diameter at case bottom), that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell2can operate in the weapon at pressures Pmax=620 MPa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.

Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole33is made in the body of the shell2, into which an igniter block4or5is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole33passes into the middle cylindrical hole34which via a conical transition35passes into the conical hole36which passes into ogive hole37. The middle cylindrical hole34, a conical transition35, conical hole36and the ogive hole37form a shell chamber38for the propellant38. All elements of shell2, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 17.

FIG. 18shows side view of shell7. The fore-part of the shell body (7is made as a truncated cone39with an ogival tip40. Truncated cone39passes into cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26. Inclined surface26is made at acute angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the shell7.

Acute angle has measure d27which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.

The inclined surface26of the leading cylindrical part29passes into the rear cylindrical part30with smaller diameter.

The thickness T29of the leading cylindrical part29is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness Tswcbof traditional ammunition for small arms, where Tswcb=0.052−0.078 Dcb, where Dcbis outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell7can operate in the weapon at pressures Pmax=620 MPa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.

Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole33is made in the body of the shell, into which an igniter block4or5is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole33passes into the middle cylindrical hole34which via a conical transition35passes into the conical hole36which passes into ogive hole37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole34, a conical transition35, conical hole36and the ogive hole37. Middle cylindrical hole34, conical transition35, conical hole36and ogive hole37form a shell chamber38for the propellant38. All elements of shell2, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 18.

FIG. 23shows side view of body41. The fore-part of the body41of the shell9is made as a lancet section23with a flat end45and blind hole46, into which armor-piercing tip42is installed. A lancet section23, which passes into a cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26. Inclined surface26is made at an angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the body41. Acute angle has measure d27which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell body; as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.

The inclined surface26of the leading cylindrical part29passes into the rear cylindrical part30with smaller diameter.

The thickness T29of the leading cylindrical part29is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness Tswcbof traditional ammunition for small arms, where Tswcb=0.052−0.078 Dcb, where Dcbis outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body41can operate in the weapon at pressures Pmax=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.

Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole33is made in the body41, into which an igniter block4or5is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole33passes into the middle cylindrical hole34which via a conical transition35passes into the conical hole36which passes into ogive hole37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole34, a conical transition35, conical hole36and the ogive hole37. Middle cylindrical hole34, conical transition35, conical hole36and ogive hole37form a shell chamber38for the propellant3. All elements of body41, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 23.

FIG. 24shows armor-piercing tip42side view which is installed in the fore-part and made as a cone47with an acute end24and the cylindrical ledge48for blind hole46of body41. All elements of armor-piercing tip42, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 24.

FIG. 25shows side view of body43side view. The fore-part of the body43of the shell9is made as a lancet section23with a flat end45and blind hole46and through hole49, herewith in a blind hole46and a through hole49armor-piercing core tip44is installed. Lancet section passes into cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26. Inclined surface26is made at an angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the body43. Acute angle27has measure d27, which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell body, as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.

The inclined surface26of the leading cylindrical part29passes into the rear cylindrical part30with smaller diameter. The thickness T29of the leading cylindrical part29is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness Tswcbof side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where Tswcb=0.052−0.078 Dcb, where Dcbis outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body43can operate in the weapon at pressures Pmax=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.

Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole33is made in the body43, into which an igniter block4or5is installed; the inlet interior cylindrical hole33passes into the middle cylindrical hole34which via a conical transition35passes into the conical hole36which passes into ogive hole37, herewith the middle cylindrical hole34, a conical transition35, conical hole36and the ogive hole37. Middle cylindrical hole34, conical transition35, conical hole36and ogive hole37form a shell chamber38for the propellant3. All elements of body43, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 25.

FIG. 26shows side view of armor-piercing core tip44which is made as a cylindrical head50, that passing into a conical end51with an acute end24, on one side, and passing into a cylindrical rod52on other side. At the end of the cylindrical rod52a chamfer53is made. All elements of armor-piercing core tip44, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 26.

FIG. 27shows side view of shell13. The fore-part of the shell body13is made as a lancet section23with an acute end24. Lancet section23passes into cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26. Inclined surface26is made at an angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the shell. Acute angle27has measure d27which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell body; as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.

The inclined surface26of the leading cylindrical part29passes into the rear cylindrical part30with smaller diameter.

The thickness T29of the leading cylindrical part29is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness Tswcbof side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where Tswcb=0.052−0.078 D, where Dcbis outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating. Thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the shell13can operate in the weapon at pressures Pmax=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.

Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32.

The inlet interior cylindrical hole33which is made in the shell body13passes into the middle cylindrical hole34which via a conical transition35passes into the conical hole36which passes into an ogive hole37, herewith washer15is additionally installed in ammunition, a chamfer56of which bears against a conical transition35, herewith the middle cylindrical hole34forms chamber38for the propellant3. The tracer compound14is placed in the ogive hole37and the conical hole36. The propellant3occupies the middle cylindrical hole34. Washer15bears against conical transition35by the chamfer59which separates the propellant3and the tracer compound14, thereby it doesn't allow tracer compound to burn out during initial stage of ignition. During ignition burning propellant3passes through the central through hole55under high pressure and ignites the tracer compound14. Burnout velocity of tracer compound14depends on the size of the central through hole55. All elements of ammunition12, their shape and interactions are shown onFIG. 27.

FIG. 28shows side view of washer15, which is made as circular plate54with central through hole55in the middle and external chamfer56. All elements of washer, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 28.

FIG. 29shows side view of shell17, which comprises body57and tip58FIG. 30shows detail design of shell17, which comprises body57and tip58.

FIG. 33shows body57. In the body57of the shell17and shell19in an end face60of the cylindrical part25is made a cylindrical ledge61for blind cylindrical hole64of the rear part of tip58or59. Cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26of the leading cylindrical part29, which passes into the rear cylindrical part30, with smaller diameter. Inclined surface26is made at acute angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the body57. Acute angle has measure d27which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell body; as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state.

The thickness T29of the leading cylindrical part29is 0.122D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition; which is 1.5-2 times greater than thickness Tswcbof side wall at case bottom of traditional ammunition for small arms, where Tswcb=0.052−0.078 Dcb, where Dcbis outer diameter at case bottom, that provides a great inertia of the shell heating; thereby the moment of self-ignition of the shell inside the weapon is considerably delayed, wherein the body57can operate in the weapon at pressures Pmax=620 Mpa, which is two times higher than that of the traditional small arms, which makes it possible to increase the shooting energy.

Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32. The inlet interior cylindrical hole33is made in the body57, for an igniter block4or5, which passes into the middle cylindrical hole34and ogive hole37. Middle cylindrical hole34and ogive hole37form a shell chamber for the propellant38. All elements of body57, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 33.

FIG. 34shows side view of tip58, which is made as lancet section23with an acute end24. In the end face62of the lancet section23interior entering chamfer63is made, which passes into the blind cylindrical hole64. Entering chamfer63and blind cylindrical hole64are made for installation of tip5558into the cylindrical ledge of body57. All elements of tip58, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 34.

FIG. 35shows side view of tip59, which is made as a truncated cone39with an ogive tip40. In the end face62of the truncated cone39interior entering chamfer63is made, which passes into the blind cylindrical hole64. Interior entering chamfer63and blind cylindrical hole64are made for installation of tip59into the cylindrical ledge61of the body57. All elements of tip58, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 35.

FIG. 36shows side view of shell21. The fore-part of the shell21is made as a lancet section23with an acute end24which passes into cylindrical part25, which passes into an inclined surface26. Inclined surface26is made at an acute angle27to the longitudinal axis28of the shell21. An acute angle has measure d27which is equal to 30°-45° to the longitudinal axis28of the shell21; as a result, rifling of ammunition in the weapon occurs in less vulnerable state. The inclined surface26passes into the leading cylindrical part29passes into the rear cylindrical part30with smaller diameter. Between the leading cylindrical part29and the rear cylindrical part30the ledge31is made. Rear cylindrical part30ends with a chamfer32.

The inlet interior cylindrical hole33is made in the shell21for training igniter block22, which passes into middle cylindrical hole34, which passes into a conical hole65, wherein the volume of the middle cylindrical hole34and the conical hole65is selected so that the total mass of the shell21is equal to the weight of caseless ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18and the training igniter block22is installed in the inlet interior cylindrical hole33. All elements of shell21, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 36.

FIG. 37shows side view of igniter block4, which comprises body66, primer of igniter block with an anvil67, the interior washer68, expanding ring69and the external washer-marker70.

FIG. 38shows side view of igniter block5and training igniter block22, which comprises body66, primer of igniter block with an anvil67, the magnetic extraction washer-marker71.

FIG. 39shows detail design of igniter block4, which comprises body66, primer of igniter block with an anvil67, the interior washer68, expanding ring69and the external washer-marker70. The external washer-marker70is made in different colors in order to distinguish types of ammunition that is used.

FIG. 40shows detail design of igniter block5and training igniter block22, which comprises body66, primer of igniter block with an anvil of remington type67or sterile primer72, the magnetic extraction washer-marker71. The magnetic extraction washer-marker71is made in different colors which dependend on type of ammunitions that are used. Training igniter block22has a sterile primer72.

FIG. 41shows side view of body66. Body66is made with small cylindrical section73which passes into a big cylindrical section74. In the end face75of the small cylindrical section73central seed hole is made76. In the end face of the big cylindrical section74a blind hole77is made, which passes into smaller blind hole78. The blind hole77is used for interior washer68, external washer-maker70or magnetic extraction washer-maker71. Smaller blind hole78is used for primer of igniter block with anvil67or sterile capsule72. All elements of body66, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 41.

FIG. 42shows side view of external washer-maker70. External washer-maker70which is made as a cylinder79with an interior cylindrical hole80for expanding ring69. An interior cylindrical hole80passes into the small base of the conical section81with a smaller diameter. On a cylinder79external chamfer82is made from the side of the interior cylindrical hole80. All elements of external washer-maker70, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 42.

FIG. 43, 44shows the protection of primer with an anvil67from ignition by acute end24of ammunition1or8or10or12or16or20. Gap83, which is located between the primer with an anvil67and the acute end24of the ammunition1or8or10or12or16or20, doesn't allow to stab primer with an anvil67by acute end of ammunition1or8or10or12or16or20. The thickness T83of the gap83is equal to 0.05D, where D—outside diameter of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. Acute end24of ammunition1or8or10or12or16or20reduces the air resistance of the shell flight trajectory, which reduces the loss of initial shell velocity, and also increases the penetrating power in soft ballistic vests thanks to separation of cells of cloth, and in solid armored jackets thanks to concentration of voltage on considerably smaller area in an acute end24.

FIG. 45shows side view of mechanism andFIG. 46—unit A of mechanism for extraction caseless ammunitions1;6;8;10;12;16;18;20in weapon with open chamber. Mechanism comprises the receiver84, the lid of the receiver85, lock frame86with a front ledge87, the bolt88, the firing pin89. On the front end of the firing pin89the conical part90is made, which passes into a cylindrical section of smaller diameter91, wherein at the juncture of the conical section90and cylindrical section of smaller diameter91inclined ledge92is formed. The angle d92of inclined ledge92about the axis of the firing pin89is 30-45 degrees what is optimum to ensure peeling force of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20with riffling of the barrel. Mechanism also comprises conical bushing93which is made with interior ledges94of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20and extractor95.

FIG. 47shows side view of extractor95. The extractor95is made with a ledge96with a semicircular hollow97which passes into an upper ledge98which has a front inclined area99and a rear inclined area100. The upper ledge98passes into the fore-part101which passes into the rear part102. A shaft103with a circular groove104which is placed at the juncture of the fore-part101and the rear part102. Circular groove104is made for fixation of extractor95with contr-washers in receiver84. The rear part102passes into the lower ledge106which has a front inclined area107and a rear horizontal area108. The lower ledge106passes into the upper ledge109which has a front inclined area110, an upper horizontal area111and a rear inclined area112. All elements of extractor95, their shapes and interactions are shown onFIG. 47.

FIG. 48shows side view of mechanism andFIG. 49—unit B for mechanical extraction onFIG. 48andFIG. 50—unit B for magnetic extraction onFIG. 48. Beginning of extraction of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. Extraction of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20begins with approach of the lower part113, a front ledge of lock frame87, lock frame86to front inclined area99of extractor95, wherein rear part of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20enters into inclined ledge92on front ledge of lock frame87and bears against conical bushing93, wherein rear par of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20holds in cylindrical section with small diameter91by inclined ledge92of firing pin89with the help of expanding ring69which is arranged in external washer-maker70and interior washer68of igniter block4for mechanical extraction. There is magnetic extraction washer-maker71, which magnetizes to firing pin89, inside the igniter block5, which is used for magnetic extraction of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. Between the end face of conical section90of the firing pin89and a primer with an anvil67of igniter block4,5a gap114is made. The thickness T114of the gap114is 0.03-0.05D, wherein D—outside diameter of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. The gap114between the end face of conical section90of the firing pin89and a primer with an anvil67of igniter block4,5doesn't allow to stab primer with anvil67by conical section90of firing pin89, what provides reliability of loading and reloading cycle.

FIG. 51shows side view of mechanism andFIG. 52—cross-section1-1onFIG. 51. Supply of the extractor95under the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. During the supply of the extractor95under ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20lower part113of front ledge87of lock frame86passes along the front inclined area107of the lower ledge106and comes to beginning of rear horizontal area108of lower ledge106of the extractor95. Extractor95rotates on shaft103and semicircular hollow97capture the ledge31of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20.

FIG. 53shows side view of mechanism andFIG. 54—unit C onFIG. 53,FIG. 55—unit C onFIG. 53. Removal of captured ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20from bolt88with the help of extractor95is shown. When the captured ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20is being removed, the lower part113of the front ledge87of the lock frame86passes along the rear horizontal platform108of the lower ledge106and bears against the beginning of the front inclined area110of the upper ledge109of the extractor95. The semicircular hollow97holds the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20in place behind the ledge31. Meanwhile, for mechanical extraction, inclined ledge92of firing pin89opens expanding ring69and firing pin89comes out of engagement with igniter block4and conical bushing93on bolt88gets a gap115with the rear end of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. During the magnetic extraction conical section90of firing pin89is beyond the magnetic extraction washer-marker of the igniter block5, wherein the magnetized magnetic extraction washer-marker71toms off from the firing pin89, and the conical bushing93on the bolt88gets a gap115with the rear end of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. The thickness T115of the gap115is equal to 0.2D, wherein D—outside diameter of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20. The gap115between conical bushing93of bolt88and rear part of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20does not allow the rear end of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20to engage the conical bushing93during ejection beyond the weapon, what provides reliability of the loading cycle, reloading cycle.

FIG. 56shows side view of mechanism. The ejection of ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20by extractor95from the weapon is shown. When the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20is ejected by the extractor95, the lower part113of the front ledge87of the lock frame86passes along the front inclined area110of the upper ledge109, passes through the upper ledge109, passes along the upper horizontal area111of the upper ledge109, and stops at the end of it. During mentioned process the extractor95vigorously rotates on the shaft103and ejects the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or16or18or20from the weapon by semicircular hollow97.

During the mechanism work in semi-automatic or automatic mode the lower part113of the front ledge87of the lock frame86only reaches the front inclined area99of the extractor95, thanks to that the extractor95does not work during the shooting. Extractor95works in extraction of ammunition only during manual reloading what improve the reliability of weapon work in general and the extraction in particular. The reliability of extraction is achieved as expanding ring69or magnetic extraction washer-maker71take part in extraction once during the ejection of the training ammunition20or once during the ejection of the ammunition1or6or8or10or12or18, in which the misfire has occurred, and are very simple in construction. The expanding ring69can make up to one million opening-closing cycles until failure in operation occurs, the magnetic extraction washer-marker71will have been demagnetized during 15 years no more than 5% of the initial magnetization.

In order to make a shot with the help of the claimed caseless ammunition, it is necessary to have a caseless weapon, which must have at least such mechanisms as: rifled barrel with cartridge chamber, barrel box, bolt with obturator, firing mechanism with striker, hammer in cocked position, firing spring, trigger, spring-loaded sear.

Shot is made with the help of claimed caseless ammunition in such way: ammunition is inserted into cartridge chamber of caseless weapon and is locked by bolt with obturator, where the problem of gas obturation in the bolt is solved. When the trigger is pressed, the spring-loaded sear comes out of engagement with the cocked position of the hammer and the hammer vigorously rotates under the action of the firing spring and strikes the striker. Striker fires primer of igniter block in caseles ammunition by its pan, propellant ignites, gases of high temperature and pressure are formed during the ignition of propellant and igniter block, they force shell to fly out of the barrel, rifling, geting axial rotation of the shell which is needed for stabilization of shell flight. There is combustible washer-marker in front of the primer of igniter block and when the washer is being burnt, the released gases pushes the standard primer of igniter block out after the shell. Depending on the purpose, changing the shell, it is possible to achieve a wide variety of tasks in shooting; claimed for invention ammunition can be armor-piercing, tracing, training, etc. If the igniter block is non-combustible, a mechanism of the ejecting of the igniter block is necessary in the weapon.