Modular internal combustion engine

A modular internal combustion engine is disclosed, having a cross-shaped ck-case, composed of a top cover with hatch and a bottom cover, in which there are formed two mutually perpendicular longitudinal and transverse cylindrical holes. In the longitudinal cylindrical hole there are fastened a top and a bottom shell, respectively, while in both ends, coaxially to the top and the bottom covers, there are fastened cylinders with water jackets and heads. In the longitudinal cavity, formed by the top and the bottom shell and the cylinders, there is disposed a composite piston, while on both sides of the composite piston, between the faces and the heads, there are disposed combustion chambers. In both ends of the composite piston there are disposed ball joints with self-adjusting rolls. Between the self-adjusting rolls and in the vertical slots of the composite piston and the external slots of the top and the bottom shell and the internal cavity of the block-case there is disposed a three-cornered cam, the shaft of which cam is seated in the transverse cylindrical hole.

This invention concerns internal combustion engines in general, and more 
particularly, those which can be used for stationary installation or for 
installation on transport vehicles, such as e.g. on ships. 
In the known internal combustion engine disclosed in French Pat. No. 
1,381,957, a three-cornered cam is mated with rolls seated on axles, which 
are fastened to both ends of a frame enveloping the shaft of the 
three-cornered cam. Each end of the frame terminates with a rod. Two 
pistons, which are fastened to the heads of the rods, slide in cylinders. 
The cylinders are fastened to a cylinder block in which the three-cornered 
cam rotates. 
The disadvantages of this engine include the complex design of the piston 
unit and the complex mating with the three-cornered cam; the great overall 
dimensions and the great mass; and the fact that the cylinders are loaded 
by a normal force, which therefore leads to increased losses due to 
friction. 
In another known internal combustion engine described in U.S. Pat. No. 
3,482,554, the three-cornered cam replaces the crank of a V-engine, with 
the pistons then connected by means of rods to a roll, which rolls over 
the profile of the cam. This takes place while the roll is pressed against 
the cam by means of a special mechanism. 
The disadvantages of this engine include its great mass, its great overall 
dimensions and its complex design. Moreover, normal forces are produced, 
and also a change during prolonged operation in the conditions of work of 
the mechanism employed for pressing the roll against the profile of the 
cam. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore the general object of this invention to develop a modular 
internal combustion engine, featuring simple design, reduced mass and 
small overall dimensions, in which engine the friction between the piston 
and the cylinders is reduced and the efficiency is thereby increased. 
This object is achieved according to the present invention by the 
development of a modular internal combustion engine which possesses a 
cross-shaped block-case, composed of a top cover with hatch and a bottom 
cover, in which there are shaped two mutually perpendicular longitudinal 
and transverse cylindrical holes. In the longitudinal cylindrical hole 
there are fastened a top and a bottom shell, respectively, while in both 
ends, coaxially to the top and the bottom covers, there are fastened 
cylinders with water jackets and heads. In the longitudinal cavity, formed 
by the top and the bottom shell and the cylinders, there is disposed a 
composite piston, while on both sides of the composite piston, between the 
faces and the heads, there are disposed combustion chambers. In both ends 
of the composite piston there are disposed ball joints with self-adjusting 
rolls. 
Disposed between the self-adjusting rolls, and in the vertical slots of the 
composite piston and the external slots of the top shell and the bottom 
shell, and in the internal cavity of the block-casing, there is a 
three-cornered cam, the shaft of which cam is seated in the transverse 
cylindrical hole. 
The advantages of the modular internal combustion engine according to the 
present invention lie in its simple design, its small overall dimensions 
and mass, the improved efficiency, the adaptability to manufacturing and 
repair, and the possibility of connecting several modules in series with 
full interchangeability.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
The modular internal combustion engine, according to the invention, 
includes a cross-shaped block-case 1, as seen in FIG. 1, which is made of 
a top cover 2 with hatch 3 and a bottom cover 4, these forming two 
mutually perpendicular longitudinal 5 and transverse 6 cylindrical holes, 
the axes of which holes lie in one plane. On both sides of the top cover 2 
and the bottom cover 4, along the longitudinal cylindrical hole 5, there 
are fastened cylinders 7 with water jackets 8 and heads 9. Fastened to the 
top cover 2 and the bottom cover 4 are, respectively, a top shell 10 and a 
bottom shell 11. In one end of the block case 1, the top shell 10 and the 
bottom shell 11 have a step 12 for avoiding axial displacement of the 
shells. In the longitudinal cylindrical cavity 13, formed by the top shell 
10, the bottom shell 11 and the cylinders 7, there is disposed a composite 
piston 14, which is made up by a top body 15, a bottom body 16 and faces 
17 with grooves for sealing segments 18, arranged on both slides of the 
piston. Between the faces 17, the cylinders 7 and the heads 9 there are 
disposed the combustion chambers 19. Vertical slot 20 and horizontal slot 
21 are formed in the composite piston 14. External slots 22 are formed in 
the top cover 2, the bottom cover 4, the top shell 10 and the bottom shell 
11. In both ends of the composite piston 14 there are mounted ball joints 
23, each made up by axles 24, as seen in FIG. 2, on which there are 
arranged first bearing bushes 25, and then, on the bearing bushes, bushes 
with external ball surface 26. On the bushes with external ball surface 26 
there are arranged right ball segments 27 and left ball segments 28, and 
then on the ball segments, self-adjusting rolls 29. 
In the transverse cylindrical hole 6 there are mounted top bearing shells 
30 and bottom bearing shells 31, as seen in FIG. 3, in which is seated the 
shaft 32 of the three-cornered cam 33. The three-cornered cam 33 is also 
disposed in the vertical slot 20, the horizontal slot 21 and the external 
slot 22, geometrically mated with the self-adjusting rolls 29. 
The modular internal combustion engine described immediately above is a 
modular unit with definite power characteristics. It is possible to obtain 
a composite internal combustion engine of the required power by the 
repeated connection of several modules. 
The modular internal combustion engine according to the present invention 
operates as follows: 
When the fuel in cylinder 7 is ignited, work is thereby effected. Under the 
action of the hot gases on the face 17, the composite piston 14 moves 
translationally by sliding along the top 10 and the bottom 11 shells. The 
self-adjusting roll 29 presses a force against the profile of the 
three-cornered cam 33, which force is applied perpendicular to the 
supporting surface, this producing a torque of the cam shaft 32 and 
loading the top bearing shell 30 and the bottom bearing shell 31. The 
reaction of the force on the composite piston 14 is taken up by the 
blockcase 1. The expansion of the gases on the one side of the composite 
piston 14 effects a compression of the air at its opposite side, with the 
energy for the compression being transmitted directly and without loss. 
During one rotation of the shaft 32 of the three-cornered cam 33 there are 
effected approximately three work processes on both sides of the composite 
piston 14, or on the whole, six work processes. 
A uniformity of the torque is achieved by the successive connection of 
several modules in one composite internal combustion engine, the torque 
being greater depending upon the number of modules. 
Although the invention is described and illustrated with reference to a 
plurality of embodiments thereof, it is to be expressly understood that it 
is in no way limited to the disclosure of such preferred embodiments, but 
is capable of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended 
claims.