Permanent magnet

A Neodymium-Iron-Boron permanent magnet which is substantially wider across a first axis than across the perpendicular second axis. The second axis is the axis defining the north and south poles of the magnet. At one of the poles is a permalloy cap which is substantially parallel to the first axis and inhibits the extension of magnetic flux from that pole and encourages instead a deep extension of the magnetic flux from the other pole. An aperture penetrates the magnet through the second axis which is wider at the pole away from the permalloy cap than it is at the pole adjacent to the permalloy cap. The shape of this aperture causes a distortion of the deeply extending magnetic flux lines at the pole away from the permalloy cap to be pinched inward toward the second axis rather than being parallel to it. The magnet thus provides a concentrated magnetic force that extends deeply out of its base so that the magnet can be placed on the exterior of a vessel or conduit with the result that the fluid inside is treated with optimized magnetic force.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND ITS TYPICAL USES Wear, metallic dirt particles, dirt ingested in the air intake and unburned Carbon turn oil into abrasive slurry that grinds down the parts of an engine. It is an object of this invention to produce a permanent magnet whose flux lines can reach deeply into the engine oil for the purpose of purifying it. Fuel will burn more efficiently if it is treated with magnetism to improve its ionization and oxygenation. It is an object of this invention to provide a permanent magnet whose flux lines can reach deeply into fuel conduits to treat the fuel thereby improving combustion efficiency. Water will often be contaminated with ferromagnetic particles and removal of these particles is desirable to improve the purity of water either prior to using it or discarding it. It is an object of this invention to provide a permanent magnet whose flux lines can reach deeply into water containers or conduits for the purpose of trapping impurities of Iron, Nickel and the like to purify the water. In fact the uses for this magnet include all engines except 2-cycle, engine filters, manual transmissions, differentials, residential water heaters, water filters (including high purity industrial filters), hydraulics, gear boxes, bearings, air conditioners, air compressors, pneumatic controls, petrochemical vessels and conduits, textile filters, and portable power plants. Wherever fluids need to be treated with magnetism but it is undesirable to block fluid flow by placing a magnet in the flow path this invention will find ready application. The invention is typically produced by the following process: One) Prepare a mixture of a magnetic powder which contains Iron, Boron, and at least one Rare Earth Element, probably Neodymium. Two) Cast the powder into the appropriate shape using a mold and thermal press. Three) Coat the magnet with Copper. Four) Coat the magnet with Nickle. Five) Form a cap of Permalloy (preferably about 48% brass, 28% Nickel, and 22% Iron) onto the magnet like a cap. Six) Injection molding the parts into a cohesive whole with a binding plastic. Seven) Injection mold a high temperature GE plastic onto the magnet. Eight) Cooling the magnet. Nine) Magnetically activating the magnet. Ten) Performing a magnetic force level test for quality control purposes. Eleven) Packaging the magnet for sale. 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The preferred embodiment of this invention is a Neodymium-Iron-Boron permanent magnet in which the magnetic portion is a flattened shape such as a disk or an oblong, most preferably a disk. Referring now to FIG. 1 , the magnetic portion ( 1 ) (or “disk”) can be seen from one of the substantially planar surfaces. An aperture ( 2 ) penetrates the disk axially so that the magnet forms a ring. In cross section shown at FIG. 2 , it can be seen that the aperture ( 2 ) is not cylindrical, but instead diverges or becomes wider toward the base of the magnet at a 45 degree angle. Referring now to FIG. 3 , it can be seen that there is also a channel ( 3 ) cut across the base along a diameter so that it intersects the aperture ( 2 ) (since the aperture is located at the center of the circle that defines the disk). The channel ( 3 ) does not extend through the disk from top to bottom, but is instead in the nature of a groove. Referring now to FIG. 4 , it can be seen that the top and sides of the magnet, but not the bottom are coated in Copper ( 4 ). The top and sides then contain a layer of Nickel ( 5 ) deposited over the layer of Copper. Iron or brass may be substituted for the Copper or Nickel. The top and sides of the magnet then have a layer of Permalloy ( 6 ) deposited over the layer of Nickel. The preferred composition of the Permalloy is 48% Brass, 28% Nickel, and 22% Iron. Plastic ( 7 ) is molded over this article of manufacture for the dual purposes of holding it together and forming a fuse so that the magnet will not function properly in excessive temperatures, thereby removing the temptation to misuse the magnet. The way the plastic is molded onto the article is that the entire top and sides are covered, but the bottom is uncovered except that plastic is in the groove or channel in the base, filling this channel until the plastic is flush with the base. As can be seen at FIG. 5 , the plastic ( 7 ) fills the groove but not the aperture ( 2 ). This outer layer of plastic is of a type which is usable up to temperatures of 220 degrees centigrade. When the temperature exceeds this, the plastic in the channel melts and fuses across the aperture, thereby impairing the performance of the magnet. Magnetically speaking, the high performance of this invention is achieved in part by the 45% outward flaring of the aperture at the base of the magnet and in part by the permalloy cap. Referring now to FIG. 6 , This Figure shows the invention has first magnetic poles ( 8 ) and second magnetic poles ( 9 ), a top surface ( 10 ), a side surface ( 11 ), and a bottom surface ( 12 ). The wider mouth of the aperture is associated with the bottom surface. Axial compression of the magnetic flux lines ( 13 ) are seen in the region of the second magnetic pole ( 9 ). If the disk is considered a cylinder, the poles are at opposite ends of a line through the axis of the cylinder. In the case of a simple cylinder, the magnetic flux lines would extend equally distant in the direction of both the north and south poles. The flux lines would also be symmetrical. In the preferred embodiment, the Permalloy cap forces the flux lines to extend farther in the direction away from the cap. This can be seen in FIG. 7 . The permalloy ( 6 ) damps the first magnetic pole ( 8 ) which in turn results in an amplification of the second magnetic pole ( 9 ). Typically, if the cap is at north, rather than a situation exhibiting magnetic force of N&plus;5 and S&plus;5, there would instead be force of N&plus;2 and S&plus;8, or in other words much more of the magnetic force being projected out of the bottom surface of the magnet than out of its top surface. The 45% outward flaring of the aperture at the base of the magnet distorts the lines of magnetic flux so that rather than being parallel to the axis of the aperture so a 90 degree angle is formed with the plane that bisects the disk, the flux lines extending out the top of the magnet form a 112 degree angle with the bisecting plane while the flux lines extending from the base of the magnet form a 68 degree angle with the bisecting plane. Said another way, the flux lines extending out the top of the magnet are distorted away from the axis of the aperture while the flux lines extending out the bottom of the magnet are distorted inward toward the axis of the aperture. The result of all this is that a powerful cone-like field of magnetic force is directed deep into whatever vessel the base of the magnet is placed against. Turning now to FIG. 8 , it can be seen that the groove ( 3 ) need not be linear, but may be cut in alternative configurations. At FIG. ( 9 ), a band ( 14 ) is shown by which the invention may be held onto surfaces to which the magnet will not automatically adhere, such as plastic conduits or water softeners. This band may be unitary in construction or have two ends that fasten somehow. It may be elastic. Turning now to FIG. 10 , an alternative tongue-in-groove formation can be seen by which the plastic ( 7 ) has projections ( 15 ) which fit into slots ( 16 ) in the bottom surface of the magnet. These slots may be in the groove, if there is a groove in the bottom surface of the magnet. This alternative configuration is another way the plastic can be held securely onto the magnet and can securely hold the magnet construction together.