Systems and methods for messaging in a multi-frame Web application

A method, computer program product and system for handing messages in a Web application. Messages in a Web application may be handled by inserting a writeable block in a window in a first page of the Web application where the writeable block for receiving a message may be generated by the Web application. In a second page of the Web application, a message script may be inserted if a message is generated by the Web application for display in response to an execution of the second page. In response to the message script, the message handler is invoked.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Related subject matter may be found in the following commonly assigned, copending U.S. patent applications, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein:

Ser. No. 10/184,330, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TRANSPARENTLY ACCESSING WEB APPLICATIONS REMOTELY AND LOCALLY”;

Ser. No. 10/185,796, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ACCESSING WEB SERVICES USING A TAG LIBRARY”; and

Ser. No. 10/184,255, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPLAYING AND EXECUTING WEB SERVICES IN MULTIPLE CONTENT DOMAINS”.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is related in general to data processing systems, and in particular, to data processing systems for distributed data processing via a network in which a multiframe Web application may generate, in response to a request targeted to a first frame, a message, such as an error message, that may be targeted to a second frame.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The advent of networked data processing systems, and, particularly, the network of networks referred to as the Internet, has spurred the introduction of distributed data processing services. In such systems, a client, typically remotely connected to the service provider via one or more networks, accesses a software application implemented on the remote data processing system which returns the results of the data processing activity to the client. It has become common to use the services represented by the World Wide Web (WWW) with its graphical user interface (GUI) orientation to provide the interface to such applications, which may be referred to a Web applications.

Typically, in such distributed processing systems, the client sends a request to the server. The request may include one or more parameters which may be inputs to the particular service requested. On the server side, the system builds a Web page for returning the response to the requesting client. The server accesses a server page containing code that defines the Web page. Embedded in the code for generating the page, i.e. HTML script, is code that is executable by the server to generate the necessary HTML script to display the results on the client machine.

A Web browser running on the client machine is an application that can interpret the response HTML and display the page on a conventional display such as a CRT monitor connected to the client machine. Commercially available Web browsers include Netscape Navigator®, Mozilla, Internet Explorer®, iCab, and Opera. Technologies for implementing distributed computing services in this way include Active Server Pages (ASP) and Java™ Server Pages (JSP). Additionally, such services may access server-side application software to perform some or all of the requested tasks via an environment-independent interprocess communication application program interface (API) such as DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model), CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) or Remote Method Invocation (RMI). In response to execution of the page by the browser, the application software generates dynamic data and returns the data to the client which then displays the data in accordance with the code defining the page.

An example of such an application might be a Web application that handles employee travel reporting. Such a Web application may include multiple interfaces constituting multiple frames or windows, for the display of output from the Web application, as well as entry of input data. The Web application may return a response to the user targeted to a frame specified in the request. In other words, the target frame or window for the response is specified when the request is initiated. It would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that, for the purposes herein, there is no material distinction between a multiwindow document and a multiframe document. The term “multiframe” may be used to refer to both a multiframe document and a multiwindow document, generally, and frame or window may be used to collectively refer to a frame or windows. However, the Web application may generate a message, such as an error message, that should be targeted to a different frame, for example an error log. Because the target is specified when the request is initiated, it is problematic to retarget the response if the server-side processing encounters an error or other exception whereby a message is to be returned in a response to the client.

Thus, there is a need in the art for systems and methods for handling messages in a multiframe or multiwindow Web application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problems outlined above may at least in part be solved in some embodiments by handling messages in a multiframe or multiwindow Web application. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for handling messages in a Web application may comprise the step of inserting a message handler in a top level document of the Web application. The method may further comprise the step of inserting a writeable block in a window in a first page of the Web application where the writeable block for receiving a message may be generated by the Web application. The method may further comprise the step of inserting a message script in a second page of the Web application if a message is generated by the Web application for display in response to an execution of the second page. In response to the message script, the message handler is invoked.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of one or more embodiments of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. For example, exemplary code for accessing particular Web applications may be described, however it would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details, and in other instances, well-known circuits have been shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the present invention in unnecessary detail. Refer now to the drawings wherein depicted elements are not necessarily shown to scale and wherein like or similar elements are designated by the same reference numeral through the several views.

Referring toFIG. 1, there is illustrated a distributed data processing system architecture100which may be used for accessing Web applications in accordance with the present inventive principles. A Web application may be accessed when a request for a web document, or page, is received from a user machine, such as user machine102, running a client web browser104. Client browser104initiates a request106, which is transmitted to the targeted web server, illustrated by page server108, inFIG. 1, via a network, shown inFIG. 1as Internet110.

Page server108responds to the request by returning the requested page in response120. The requested page may include data that is to be generated dynamically. Dynamic data may be generated by web application114and the result incorporated in the page returned in response120to client browser104, which displays the data in accordance with the code defining the page, which may be, for example, an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) script.

Additionally, as described further in conjunction withFIG. 3, a Web application may be deployed locally. A mechanism for transparently accessing such a client-resident web application is described in the commonly owned, copending U.S. patent application entitled “Systems And Methods for Transparently Accessing Web Applications Remotely And Locally,” Ser. No. 10/184,330, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Refer now toFIGS. 2.1and2.2illustrating, respectively, a multiframe page200and a multiple window page220. As previously discussed, from the perspective of the present inventive principles, a multiframe window and a multiple window document would be recognized to be the same. However, to appreciate the present invention, it is useful to describe both, which may be viewed as alternative embodiments of a Web application document in accordance with the present invention.

Multiframe page200depicts a page having three frames, frame202,204and206. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that a three-frame page is exemplary and that the present invention is not limited to such pages, and alternative embodiments may include any number of frames and these embodiments would fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The contents of a particular frame or window depend on the Web application. For example, if page200belongs to an application for exploring a Web application document, frame202may be a tree frame depicting a DOM (Document Object Model) representation of the Web application page (not shown inFIG. 2.1). The DOM is discussed further below. A Web application for exploring Web services is described in the commonly-owned, copending U.S. Patent Application entitled “Systems And Methods For Displaying And Executing Web Services In Multiple Content Domains,” Ser. No. 10/184,255, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Similarly, in this context frame204may represent an attribute frame for displaying the attributes (not shown inFIG. 2.1) associated with a node in the DOM tree. The user may request the attributes associated with one of the nodes from the Web application, wherein the Web application returns a dynamically generated page in response120, as generically described in conjunction withFIG. 1. Note that the target frame, in this example, frame204, may be specified in the request, whereby the page server may incorporate the script for the response into the page to be returned to the client. On rendering the page, the requested attribute may be displayed in a corresponding frame, such as frame204. Frame206may display messages sent from the Web application, such as error messages, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, and described further in conjunction withFIGS. 3–5. As discussed below, the present inventive principles operate to target the error or other message generated by the Web application to the message frame, notwithstanding the target specified in the request106.

Multiwindow page220includes window A208, window B210and window C212. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that a three-windowed page is exemplary and that the present invention is not limited to such a page, and alternative embodiments may include any number of windows, and these embodiments would fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The contents of a particular frame depend on the Web application. In the exemplary illustration, window A208may represent a form page including forms214and216for entry of user-supplied data, which may serve as input data to the Web application. (An artisan of ordinary skill would recognize that other numbers of forms may be included, and the two forms shown in window A are exemplary.) The form data may be submitted in a request sent to the Web application by user-activation of submit “button”218. The response (not shown inFIG. 2.2) may be displayed in window B210, which may represent the target window specified in the request. Additionally, in accordance with the present invention, window C212may represent an error log, and may display error messages returned by the Web application, in similar fashion to frame206, ofFIG. 2.1.

The flowcharts provided herein are not necessarily indicative of the serialization of operations being performed in an embodiment of the present invention. Steps disclosed within these flowcharts may be performed in parallel. The flowcharts are indicative of those considerations that may be performed to produce the operation available for messaging in multiframe Web pages. It is further noted that the order presented is illustrative and does not necessarily imply that the steps must be performed in the order shown.

Refer now toFIG. 3illustrating in flowchart form, methodology300for returning messages to a client in a Web application data processing system. Methodology300may return a message to the requesting client in response to a request for a Web application page received in step302.

In each window which may be, for example, a frame, a writeable block is inserted, step304. In a page represented as an HTML document, a writeable block may be delimited by <DIV> </DIV> tags and the DIV element may have a predetermined identifier, such as “msgdiv”.

In step306a message handler is inserted in a top level document of the Web application page. In a page represented as an HTML document, a message handler may be implemented by a Javascript function call. An exemplary Javascript function may be defined by:

In this exemplary message handler, innerHTML is a Document Object Model (DOM) method that specifies a string to be replaced between tags. The object corresponds to the writeable block discussed in conjunction with step304,“msgdiv”. The name of the frame or window into which the message will be written is “messagewindow.”

As previously discussed, a Web application page may elicit a further request from the client requesting the page. As the previous examples demonstrate, the nature of further requests may depend on the Web application, and the application running on the client, which itself may be represented as a script executed by a Web browser. If a request is received step310then in step312the request is serviced. If the request is serviced without error and the Web application generates no other message to be displayed in a frame or window other than the frame or window targeted in the request, step314, then the response page is returned in step316.

Conversely, if in step314an error generating an error message has occurred or otherwise the Web application has generated a message that is to be targeted to a frame/window different from the target specified in the request received in step310, step314proceeds by the “Yes” branch. In step318, a message script is inserted in the page. An exemplary script may be:
<script>top.chainMessageWindow(‘<b>Error Message</b>’);</script>.

The script invokes the message handler, chainMessagewindow, as described hereinabove, with the string argument ‘<b>Error Message</b>’. On execution of the script by the client browser, the message window would display Error Message. Note that the message need not necessarily be an error message. Other types of messages that might be sent include warning messages, or informational messages. The present inventive principles are applicable to any information the Web application passes to the client in addition to the requested response, and it would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that such embodiments would fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

In step320the page is returned to the client, wherein the page also includes any response generated in servicing the request.

Refer now toFIG. 4illustrating in flowchart form, methodology400for handling a message returned in a page generated in accordance with the methodology ofFIG. 3. In step402the page is received, and in step404a message script, such as the message script inserted in step318ofFIG. 3, is executed. In response thereto, in step406, a message handler is called. The message handler may be the message handler inserted into the top level document in step306ofFIG. 3.

In response to the invocation of the message handler, process500, ofFIG. 5may be performed. Process500may be performed in conjunction with a Web page comporting with the DOM. The DOM is a standardized programming API to the structure of documents. The DOM is a logical model of a document, which may be represented in a tree-based fashion. (The DOM is promulgated by the W3C. Document Object Model (DOM) Specification Level 1 maybe found at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1.) In step502, the DOM tree of the page may be traversed. In the DOM, a tree representation of the page is generated. The DOM may be generated by the browser, for example by parsing the received HTML into a tree of elements corresponding to elements of the HTML page. Referring now toFIG. 6, there is illustrated an exemplary DOM tree representation corresponding to Web page220ofFIG. 2.2. The top level node602is the document node. Descending from the top level node are three nodes,604,606and608representing, respectively, windows A, B and C. Below node608are two sub-nodes,610and612corresponding to elements in the window. Thus, for example, node610may correspond to the title “Error Log” displayed in window C212ofFIG. 2.2. Node612may correspond to the writeable block “msgid”.

Returning toFIG. 5, in step504the writeable block is located. Thus, in the exemplary tree inFIG. 6, node612representing the writeable block, msgid, may be located in step504. In step506the error message string or other message string corresponding to the message generated by the Web application to be displayed in the frame or window is written to the writeable block.

A representative hardware environment for practicing the present invention is depicted inFIG. 7, which illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration of data processing system700in accordance with the subject invention. For example, browser client104,FIG. 2may be implemented in accordance with data processing system700. System700includes central processing unit (CPU)710, such as a conventional microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via system bus712. System700includes random access memory (RAM)714, read only memory (ROM)716, and input/output (110) adapter718for connecting peripheral devices such as disk drive720to bus712, user interface adapter722for connecting keyboard724, mouse726, and/or other user interface devices such as a touch screen device (not shown) to bus712. System700also includes communication adapter734for connecting system700to a data processing network enabling the system to communicate with other systems, and display adapter736for connecting bus712to display device738. CPU710may include other circuitry not shown herein, which will include circuitry commonly found within a microprocessor, e.g., execution unit, bus interface unit, arithmetic logic unit, etc. CPU710may also reside on a single integrated circuit.

Display device738is connected to system bus712by display adapter736. In this manner, a user is capable of inputting to the system through the keyboard724, trackball732or mouse726and receiving output from the system via speaker728, and display device738.

Preferred implementations of the invention include implementations as a computer system programmed to execute the method or methods described herein, and as a computer program product. According to the computer system implementation, sets of instructions for executing the method or methods are resident in the random access memory714of one or more computer systems configured generally as described above. These sets of instructions, in conjunction with system components that execute them display messages in a multiframe/multiwindow Web application. Until required by the computer system, the set of instructions may be stored as a computer program product in another computer memory, for example, in disk drive720(which may include a removable memory such as an optical disk or floppy disk for eventual use in the disk drive720). Further, the computer program product can also be stored at another computer and transmitted when desired to the user's workstation by a network or by an external network such as the Internet. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the physical storage of the sets of instructions physically changes the medium upon which it is stored so that the medium carries computer readable information. The change may be electrical, magnetic, chemical, biological, or some other physical change. While it is convenient to describe the invention in terms of instructions, symbols, characters, or the like, the reader should remember that all of these and similar terms should be associated with the appropriate physical elements.

Note that the invention may describe terms such as comparing, validating, selecting, identifying, or other terms that could be associated with a human operator. However, for at least a number of the operations described herein which form part of at least one of the embodiments, no action by a human operator is desirable. The operations described are, in large part, machine operations processing electrical signals to generate other electrical signals.

Similarly, a representative hardware environment for practicing the methodology ofFIG. 5in accordance with the present invention is depicted inFIG. 8. For example, page server108FIG. 1, may be implemented in accordance with data processing system800.FIG. 8illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration of data processing system800in accordance with the subject invention having central processing unit (CPU)810, such as a conventional microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via system bus812. Data processing system800includes random access memory (RAM)814, read only memory (ROM)816, and input/output (I/O) adapter818for connecting peripheral devices such as disk units820to bus812. System800also includes communication adapter834for connecting data processing system800to a data processing network enabling the data processing system to communicate with other systems. CPU810may include other circuitry not shown herein, which will include circuitry commonly found within a microprocessor, e.g., execution unit, bus interface unit, arithmetic logic unit, etc. CPU810may also reside on a single integrated circuit.

Preferred implementations of the invention include implementations as a computer system programmed to execute the method or methods described herein, and as a computer program product. According to the computer system implementation, sets of instructions for executing the method or methods are resident in the random access memory814of one or more computer systems configured generally as described above.

These sets of instructions in conjunction with the system components that execute them may generate a Web page incorporating a dispatch function and IPC bridge in accordance with the present inventive principles. A methodology for generating such a Web page is described in the commonly owned, concurrently filed U.S. patent application entitled “Systems And Methods For Defining Web Application Pages,” Ser. No. 10/294,941, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Until required by the computer system, the set of instructions may be stored as a computer program product in another computer memory, for example, in disk units820, which may include a removable memory such as an optical disk or floppy disk. Further, the computer program product can also be stored at another computer and transmitted when desired to the user's workstation by a network or by an external network such as the Internet. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the physical storage of the sets of instructions physically changes the medium upon which it is stored so that the medium carries computer readable information. The change maybe electrical, magnetic, chemical, biological, or some other physical change. While it is convenient to describe the invention in terms of instructions, symbols, characters, or the like, the reader should remember that all of these and similar terms should be associated with the appropriate physical elements.