Scanning X-ray machine arrangement

In a scanning X-ray machine involving at least rotational movement of a source about an axis, a flexible connection arrangement is provided for electricity, coolant and the like in which a connection handling arrangement includes a guide to form at least one guided loop between fixed and movable parts of the machine and inside the machine cover, the connection being taken in from and returned to the loop with said movement.

This invention relates to flexible connections to rotatable and displacable 
apparatus such as an X-ray source in a scanning X-ray machine. 
To permit apparatus such as an X-ray source to be rotated about an axis, or 
both rotated about an axis and displaced with respect to the axis, it is 
necessary to provide some slack in the flexible connections over which 
electric power and cooling fluid, such as oil, are supplied. The 
connections must be protected against undue flexing and too small a 
curvature. In arrangements proposed hitherto for linearly-moveable X-ray 
sources loops of connections are suspended around the machine, see for 
example Toshiba Review, July-August 1969, inside front cover and page 26. 
Such arrangements are not always successful in providing protection and 
also require a large amount of space around the apparatus which must be 
left clear for the connections to sweep through. 
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved flexible connection 
arrangement. 
According to the invention there is provided, in a scanning X-ray machine 
in which an X-ray source is supported inside a machine cover for scanning 
movement scanning to direct radiation along paths in various directions 
and has at least one flexible connection between movable and fixed machine 
parts, a connection handling arrangement including guide means to form at 
least one guided loop within the machine cover of each flexible 
connection, said guide means having a connection guide movable with the 
source and to which said connection is attached to take in and return said 
connection from and to said loop with movement of the source. 
The X-ray source may be moved rotationally to direct radiation along paths 
inclined in different directions to an axis and the connection guide may 
be curved about said axis to vary the size of the loop with said movement. 
The X-ray source may be moved along a line to direct radiation along 
various parallel directions and the connection guide may cause the loop to 
roll along the connection with said movement. 
The curved guide may be between the loop of variable size and the rolling 
loop, the rolling loop extending to said source and being inclinable with 
said rotational movement of the source. 
The curved guide may be a drum to which the connection is attached and 
about which drum the connection is wound. 
The rolling loop may be formed to substantially the minimum bending radius 
of the connection between a straight fixed and a straight movable guide.

Considering all the figures of the drawings, the X-ray machine has a main 
frame 1 which may be placed on a flat floor surface of sufficient strength 
to support the machine without the provision of cable wells or the like. 
The frame 1 supports a two-part platform 2 (shown only in FIG. 1) on which 
a subject for examination is placed along an axis of the machine and 
retained, if required, in known manner with the part of the subject to be 
X-rayed in aperture 3. Aperture 3 is formed by a ring 4 of X-ray 
transparent material fixed to the main frame of the machine. The main 
frame also supports two bearings, 11 and 12, each in the vertical plane 
and extending around aperture 3. 
The bearings 11 and 12 support a sub-frame 5 which is rotatable, through an 
angle which may be between 240.degree. and 360.degree., around aperture 3. 
Sub-frame 5 is formed by a large, rectangular end plate 53 to which are 
attached another, smaller, end plate 51 and an intermediate yoke 52. The 
plates are joined by members, not shown, to form a rigid sub-frame 
supported on bearings 11 and 12 for rotation about the subject for 
examination. The sub-frame supports an X-ray source 6 and a detector unit 
9. These items are linked by yoke 52 and move to and fro on bearings 54 
and 55 extending along a path tangential to the circle of rotation about 
the subject. By use of the yoke the movements of the source and detector 
are kept in exact step, which is essential for the accuracy of the 
apparatus. A motor (not shown) drives the machine. 
There is a balance weight (not shown) moved in opposition to the source to 
reduce vibration and bearing load due to the to and fro movement of the 
source. A balance weight (not shown) is also added to the detector 9 to 
balance the total of the source and its balance weight for rotational 
movement of the sub-frame. 
The moving and fixed parts of the machine are enclosed in cover 15 which 
extends over the outside and through to the ring 4. The cover provides a 
smooth uncluttered outer surface which is of assistance in keeping the 
machine clean as well as improving its appearance. The manner of 
displacement is not shown as it is not essential to the invention and will 
be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The construction 
described thus provides an arrangement by which an X-ray source can be 
rotated around an axis and displaced with respect to the axis to carry out 
a scanning examination of the subject. 
The X-ray source requires both power and coolant supply connections and 
these must clearly be flexible to permit the movement of the source. 
Hitherto such connections have been provided with flexibility by attaching 
them to an articulated boom and providing slack at various bends to allow 
for the movement of the boom. Such arrangements can cause rapid wear of 
the connections, besides having a possibly untidy and unattractice 
appearance, particularly to a hospital patient. 
The connections, reference 7, are typically four in number, two being 
liquid coolant flow and return flexible conduits and two being electrical 
flexible conductors. Each may be of a diameter of about one inch (25mm) 
and have a minimum bending radius of about one foot (300mm). The 
connections are relatively fragile and as they are flexed each time the 
machine is used care must be taken that they are not rapidly damaged by 
undue flexing, leading to failure of the machine. As the machine is both 
expensive and used for medical purposes such failure is both costly and 
can delay treatment of a patient. 
Accordingly the invention provides a connection arrangement in which the 
guided loops are formed to permit movement of the subframe and the X-ray 
source respectively. 
Consider firstly the X-ray source 6. The connections from the source are 
taken to a cable tray 81 and secured to the tray. The tray 81 is supported 
on sub-frame 5 so that it moves with the source and there is no flexing of 
the connections between the tray and the source. From the cable tray 81 
the connections extend around a curve to another cable tray 82. Tray 82 is 
fixed to the sub-frame 5 and the connections are attached to the tray at 
one end by clamp 83. The rest of the connections may move freely between 
the trays when tray 81 moves with respect to tray 82. A rolling loop 71 of 
the connections is supported partly by the edges of the cable trays and 
partly by its own stiffness. As source 6 moves along the path indicated by 
arrow A the rolling of the loop transfers the connections from one tray to 
the other without excessive flexing. The loop moves from the position 
shown in solid line at 71 to the dotted outline 71a. As the source 6 moves 
with sub-frame 5 the connections between clamp 83 and source 6 need only 
flex to accommodate the displacement of source 6 with respect to sub-frame 
5. 
To allow for the rotation of sub-frame 5 the outer surface around aperture 
3 is a curved guide in the form of a drum. To this end circular flange 51 
of the sub-frame 5, supported by bearing 12, has a peripheral cable tray 
84 to which the connections are clamped by clamp 85. As clamps 83 and 85 
are both on sub-frame 5 and move together, the connection-run between the 
clamps is not subject to flexing and can be secured as required, allowing 
for the change of alignment of the connections from the vertical to the 
horizontal. 
As sub-frame 5 rotates, as indicated by arrow B, connections will be reeled 
onto or off of the tray 84. To house the connections the main frame 1 
includes a cable well 86. Connections from the tray 84 form a loop 72 in 
well 86 guided between tray 84 and tray 88 on the main frame and are 
secured to the main frame 1 by a clamp 87. Rotation of sub-frame 5 causes 
the loop 72 to move between the position shown in solid line and the 
dotted position 72a. The well 86 and loop 72 are sized so that the 
position 72a is above the base of the machine, thus avoiding the need for 
excavation in the floor supporting the machine. From clamp 87 the 
connections can be secured in any convenient way to the main frame 1 of 
the machine and connected to the machine as required. 
It will be noted from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the loops 71 and 72 are arranged 
not to interfere with one another by including an axial displacement of 
the connections between clamps 83 and 85 on sub-frame 5. 
The cable 86 shown in adequate for a 240.degree. rotation of sub-frame 5, 
but for larger angles, even in excess of 360.degree., a larger well may be 
needed. To provide this cable tray 88 is made in the form of a quadrant of 
a cricle, centred on the axis about which the sub-frame 5 rotates and 
extending from below clamp 87 to vertically below the axis of sub-frame 5. 
This curved cable tray, together with the curved tray 84, forms an 
internal curved cable well extending forwardly from the plane of FIG. 1 
and of constant breadth into which loop 72 can extend with rotation of 
sub-frame 5. The limit of this well across the machine, as seen in FIG. 2, 
is the region occupied by the four bunched cables entering the machine. If 
a still larger "well" is required, e.g. for rotations which may be in 
excess of 360.degree. by two or three multiples, i.e. in the order of 
1000.degree., the "well" can be extended perpendicular to the main frame 
of the machine, i.e. transversely of the view in FIG. 1. The loop 72 can 
be guided by cable trays to spread sideways, to the left and right in FIG. 
1. One such cable tray is indicated at 89 in FIG. 1 and the loop at 72b. 
In a typical machine for examining a human body cable tray 84 has a radius 
of curvature of about 20 inches (0.5m) and thus one complete revolution 
uses about 10 feet (3m) of connection. By employing the perpendicularly 
extending "well" the connections required for at least two complete 
revolutions of tray 84, and thus the X-ray source and detectors, can be 
accommodated in a "well" of substantially the same extent as the patient 
support 2 and thus not increase the area required for the machine. If 
required the connections in tray 84 may be bunched as are connections 7 to 
reduce the width of the tray and thus the movable part of the machine.