Below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating a bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane, and a sheet membrane with adhesive to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same

The present invention relates to a below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating a secondary membrane comprising of a bentonite sheet waterproofing layer, and a primary membrane comprising of a sheet membrane having an adhesive to fully bond to a concrete/shotcrete. The invention encompasses a dual layer or dual membrane system that acts as a barrier, and prevents, and blocks water and moisture, from passing from one side of the structure to the other side. The dual barrier layer system can be used along a wall, a floor, a ceiling, or along any structure which requires water or moisture proofing. The invention can be used between a concrete or shotcrete layer and the surrounding earth, such as, along an area that has a high water table, or a constant hydrostatic pressure, or high ground moisture, that may creep into a foundation or a wall.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating at least one secondary membrane comprising of at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing layer, and at least one primary membrane comprising of at least one sheet membrane with at least one adhesive to fully bond to a concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same. More particularly, the invention encompasses a dual layer or dual membrane system that acts as a barrier, and prevents, and blocks water and moisture, from passing from one side of the structure to the other side. The innovative dual barrier layer system can be used along a wall, a floor, a ceiling, or along any structure which requires water or moisture proofing. The invention can be most effectively used between a concrete or shotcrete layer and the surrounding earth, such as, along an area that has a high water table, or a constant hydrostatic pressure, or high ground moisture, that may creep into a foundation or a wall. The inventive dual barrier waterproofing layer system can be used in any building or wall construction, and can be placed under or around a foundation of a building or dwelling or on its below grade blind side retaining walls, etc. It should be appreciated that the inventive waterproofing system comprises of two separate and independent waterproofing membranes or layers, and which are innovatively combined to create a single robust waterproofing layer or system.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Water or moisture penetration into a structure has have been known in the water proofing industry for many years, and the water proofing industry has addressed this well-known problem in a variety of ways, and which are well known to the people skilled in the art.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,588 (Arthur G. Clem) describes a panel which is provided forming a water barrier and comprising two opposing spaced sheets having between said spaced sheets a sealant composition comprising bentonite; a water soluble dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble salt of acetic acid, a water-soluble salt of phosphoric acid, and a water-soluble salt of boric acid; and a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, water-soluble salts of polyacrylic acid, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of the foregoing, and a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride, the amount of water-soluble polymer in said sealant composition being from 0.1% to 3.0%, by weight, and the amount of water-soluble dispersant in said sealant composition being from 0.1% to 3.0%, by weight, the weight ratio of water-soluble dispersant to water-soluble polymer being from6:1-36. The panel is disposed against a foundation to act as a water barrier, shielding the foundation against water seepage.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,943,185 (James P. McGuckin, et al.) describes a combination drainage and waterproofing system for subterranean walls includes panels which have drain passages on the side thereof adjacent the soil. The front surface of each panel screens against soil entering the passages and the opposite surface of each panel is waterproof and is disposed in waterproof engagement with the waterproof surfaces of adjacent panels. A variety of panel constructions are disclosed. Several modes for providing the screening surfaces and the waterproof surfaces are also disclosed.

US Patent Publication No. 2007/0180791 (Daniel S. Amster) describes a draining apparatus and method for use in the construction of buildings having a stucco interior. The apparatus has a drain section and a screen coupled thereto. The drain section consists of a series of channels formed by a plurality of knobs, which in one embodiment may be formed into a plurality of aligned columns. The apparatus is coupled to a building foundation, at a level where it can facilitate positive drainage of water that has migrated downward through the stucco.

However, this invention improves on the deficiencies of the prior art and provides an inventive below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane, and at least one sheet membrane having at least one adhesive to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same.

PURPOSES AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a novel below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane, and at least one sheet membrane having at least one adhesive to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same.

Therefore, one purpose of this invention is to provide a novel below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating at least one secondary membrane comprising of at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing layer, and at least one primary membrane comprising of at least one sheet membrane with at least one adhesive to fully bond to a concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same

Another purpose of this invention is to provide a dual layer system that acts as a barrier, and prevents, and blocks water and moisture, from passing from one side of a structure to the other side.

Yet another purpose of this invention is to provide an innovative dual barrier layer system that can be used fully or partially along a wall, a floor, a ceiling, or along any structure which requires water or moisture proofing.

Still yet another purpose of this invention is to provide at least one waterproof barrier layer for a concrete or shotcrete layer.

Therefore, in one aspect this invention comprises a dual waterproofing membrane assembly system for a structure, comprising:(a) at least one soil retention system having a first face and a second face, and wherein said first face faces compacted earth or soil;(b) at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer having a first face and a second face, and wherein at least a portion of said first face of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer is secured to at least a portion of said second face of said at least one soil retention system, and said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer is composed of a layer of a first material;(c) at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer having a first face and a second face, said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer is composed of a layer of a second material, and wherein said second face of said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer has at least one layer of at least one adhesive, and wherein at least a portion of said first face of said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer is secured to at least a portion of said second face of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer, so as to form said dual waterproofing membrane assembly system for a structure;(d) wherein said first material is different than said second material;(e) wherein said at least one first waterproof membrane, and said at least one second waterproof membrane forming a dual waterproofing layer extends along at least a portion of a wall; and(f) wherein one of said at least one first waterproof membrane, and said at least one second waterproof membrane extends along at least a portion of a floor.

In another aspect this invention comprises a method of providing a dual waterproofing membrane assembly system for a structure, comprising:(a) at least one soil retention system having a first face and a second face, and wherein said first face faces compacted earth or soil;(b) at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer having a first face and a second face, and wherein at least a portion of said first face of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer is secured to at least a portion of said second face of said at least one soil retention system, and said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer is composed of a layer of a first material;(c) at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer having a first face and a second face, said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer is composed of a layer of a second material, and wherein said second face of said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer has at least one layer of at least one adhesive, and wherein at least a portion of said first face of said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer is secured to at least a portion of said second face of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer;(d) at least one layer of concrete or shotcrete having a first face and a second face, and wherein at least a portion of said first face of said at least one layer of concrete or shotcrete is secured to at least a portion of said at least one layer of at least one adhesive, so as to form said dual waterproofing membrane assembly system for a structure;(e) wherein said first material is different than said second material;(f) wherein said at least one first waterproof membrane, and said at least one second waterproof membrane forming a dual waterproofing layer extends along at least a portion of a wall; and(g) wherein one of said at least one first waterproof membrane, and said at least one second waterproof membrane extends along at least a portion of a floor.

In another aspect this invention comprises a method of providing a dual waterproofing membrane assembly system for a structure, comprising the steps of:(a) forming at least one soil retention system having a first face and a second face, and wherein said first face faces compacted earth or soil;(b) securing at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer membrane having a first face and a second face, to at least a portion of said at least one soil retention system, such that said first face of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer is secured to at least a portion for said second face of said at least one soil retention system, and said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer is composed of a layer of a first material;(c) securing a layer of a second material composed of at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer having a first face and a second face, and having at least one layer of at least one adhesive on said second face of said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer, to at least a portion of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer, such that said first face of said at least one waterproof sheet membrane layer is secured to at least a portion of said second face of said at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer, so as to form said dual waterproofing membrane assembly system for a structure;(d) wherein said first material is different than said second material;(e) wherein said at least one first waterproof membrane, and said at least one second waterproof membrane forming a dual waterproofing layer extends along at least a portion of a wall; and(f) wherein one of said at least one first waterproof membrane, and said at least one second waterproof membrane extends along at least a portion of a floor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The inventive below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating at least one secondary membrane comprising of at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing layer, and at least one primary membrane comprising of at least one sheet membrane with at least one adhesive to fully bond to a concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same will now be discussed with reference toFIGS.1through13. Although the scope of the present invention is much broader than any particular embodiment, a detailed description of the preferred embodiment follows together with drawings. These drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale. Like numbers represent like features and components in the drawings.

In summary the invention is a below grade, blind side, improved dual waterproofing membrane assembly incorporating at least one secondary membrane comprising of at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing layer, and at least one primary membrane comprising of at least one sheet membrane with at least one adhesive to fully bond to a concrete/shotcrete, and a method of making, and using same in building or wall construction, and placing it under and around a foundation of a building or dwelling or on its below grade blind side retaining walls, etc. It should be appreciated that the inventive waterproofing system comprises of two separate and independent waterproofing membranes or layers, and which are innovatively combined to create a single robust waterproofing layer or system.

FIG.1, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a first embodiment of the invention. After an area10, has been dug up or prepared for the foundation of a building34, or a floor12, or a wall14, or a structure34, it is recommended that the floor areas12, be either compacted, to form a compacted earth16, or that a mud slab16, be installed, so as to create a substantially flat horizontal or floor surface12. It is also recommended that similar steps are also taken for the preparation of a side wall14, or a blind wall14, or a similar other structure34, where the earth around the area10, is compacted so as to create compacted or retained earth16, or a mud slab16, creating a substantially flat vertical or wall surface14. For some applications it is recommended that at least one layer of a retaining means17, or a soil retention system17, such as, for example, wood lagging17, be installed along the exposed surface or face of the compacted or retained earth16, or the mud slab16. For a blind side wall14, a soil retention system17, could also be installed, such as, for example, using wood lagging17, soil cement17, etc. It should be appreciated that a soil retention system17, helps in holding back the compacted earth or dirt16, from coming down due to, for example, gravity. The soil retention system17, also helps in creating a substantially uniform vertical surface for the wall14. Optionally, for some applications, if needed, one could also place at least one drain board18, (such as, for example, AVM Drain Board 6000), or at least one foam layer18, or at least one polystyrene insulation board18, along the exposed surface or face of the wood lagging17. The next step is to apply or secure at least one layer of the inventive secondary waterproofing layer24, or a first waterproofing layer or membrane24, such as, a bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, such as, for example, Aussie Clay24, which is also referred to as a secondary membrane or layer24, against the open face or surface of the wall14, or drain board18, or foam layer18, (if used) or over or against the compacted earth16, or mud slab16, or waist slab16, or the soil retention system17. The inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, usually comes in sheets24, or rolls24, which are then hung onto the exposed wall surface14, using at least one securing means50,60, such as, nails, screws, bolt, anchor, adhesive material, and combinations thereof, to name a few. The inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing layer24, that is installed along the surface of the wall14, may terminate at the wall-to-floor corner21, or be returned or extend several inches along the floor12, such as, for example, say about 12 inches along the floor12, and creating at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing layer extension25, or for some applications it could extend along the whole floor surface12, creating at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing layer75, as shown inFIG.5. For some applications where there needs to be an overlap between a first edge24A, of a first bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, and a second or adjacent edge24B, of a second or adjacent bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, one could optionally apply at least one adhesive38, such as, for example, a sealant38, such as, for example, an Aussie Clay sealant38, so as to secure the first edge24A, of the first bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, to the second or adjacent edge24B, of the second or adjacent bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24. It should be appreciated the under normal condition one does not need to apply the at least one sealant or adhesive38, when overlapping a first bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, and a second or adjacent edge24B, of a second or adjacent bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, however, the user under some conditions has the option to apply at least one layer or patch of the at least one sealant or adhesive38, along the overlapping edges24A,24B. It should be understood that a small portion of the first edge24A, of the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, is overlapped along the second edge24B, of the second bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, so as to create an illusion of a continuous layer of the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, along the whole surface, be it the wall14, or the floor12, or a ceiling (not shown). The next step is to apply at least one primary waterproofing layer26, or a second waterproofing membrane or layer26, such as, at least one sheet membrane26, having at least one adhesive layer29, such as, for example, Aussie Skin550, which is also referred to as the primary waterproofing membrane or layer26, over the open or exposed face or surface of the secondary waterproofing membrane or layer24, or the at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24,25,75, such that, the at least one adhesive layer29, is not in direct contact with at least a portion of the open or exposed face or surface of the bentonite sheet waterproofing layer24,25,75, or in other words the at least one layer of adhesive29, faces up or away from the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24. The primary membrane26, is a solid sheet membrane26, and comes as a solid sheet26, or a roll membrane26, and has an at least one layer of at least one adhesive29, which can be loosely laid over the exposed face or surface of the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, with the adhesive layer29, facing up or away from the at least one bentonite sheet24. For some applications one can also secure the primary layer or membrane26, to the substructure16,17, and/or18, and the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, using at least one securing means50,60, to secure the membrane26, to the substructure16,17, and/or18, and the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, where the at least one securing means50,60, could be selected from a group comprising, nails, screws, bolt, anchor, adhesive material, and combinations thereof, to name a few. In some areas, such as, on floors12, both membranes, namely, at least one layer of the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, or the at least one layer of the secondary membrane or layer24, and the at least one of the primary membrane or layer26, may not need to be secured to the floor12, at all and simply be laid on the ground or floor12, and use gravity to hold both or one or more layers in place. Similarly, for areas where there needs to be an overlap between a first edge26A, of a first sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, and a second or adjacent edge26B, of a second or adjacent sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, one can use the pre-manufactured factory laps28, or for example, one could use a double sided tape or adhesive tape28, such as, for example, an Aussie Skin Double Sided tape28, or some other sealant28, or adhesive28, so as to secure one first edge26A, of the first sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, to a second or adjacent edge26B, of the second or adjacent sheet membrane26, with adhesive layer29. The securing of the first edge26A, of the first membrane layer26, to the second or adjacent edge26B, of the second or adjacent membrane layer26, will create an illusion of a continuous membrane layer26, along the surface12,14, such as, the floor12, or wall14, or a ceiling (not shown). The next step is to create a concrete barrier for the foundation of the structure34, or wall14, or building34, such as, for example, a concrete or shotcrete slab33, which would go onto the floor12, and/or a concrete or shotcrete wall35, which would be along the wall14, or a ceiling (not shown). It should be appreciated that a concrete33,35or shotcrete33,35, normally does not adhere to the primary waterproofing layer or membrane26, and thus having the adhesive29, over the primary waterproofing layer or membrane26, acts as a seed to allow the concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35, to adhere or be secured to the primary waterproofing layer or membrane26. The concrete wall35, or concrete floor33, that is formed over the sheet membrane26, with adhesive layer29, is such that the exposed side of the concrete wall14,35, or floor12,33, forms the interior wall40, or the exterior wall40, or interior floor40, or exterior floor40, of the structure34, or building34. The concrete slab33,35, or barrier33,35, for the foundation of the structure34, or floor12, or wall14, or building34, is preferably a concrete or shotcrete slab or floor33, and/or a concrete or shotcrete wall35. The dual membrane waterproofing system23, prevents the water48, or moisture48, or hydrostatic pressure48, from penetrating into the concrete/shotcrete floor33or concrete/shotcrete wall35, from around a water table48, or moisture48, or hydrostatic pressure48, thus keeping the floor12, or the wall14, or ceiling (not shown) completely dry, even though the area10, around the structure34, has water48, or moisture48, or hydrostatic pressure48. The dual membrane waterproofing system23, comprises essentially of at least one secondary membrane24, and at least one primary membrane26, forming the dual membrane waterproofing system45, and thus one has two separate waterproofing membranes24,25,75, and26, which allows for a waterproofing of the area or regions that needs waterproofing or moisture proofing. It should be appreciated that the combination of two separate and distinct waterproofing membranes24,25,75, and26, one of which is a sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete33,35, form the inventive and innovative dual membrane waterproofing system45. For some applications, one could also provide the floor12, wall14, joining location with at least one water-stop31, (such as, for example, an Aussie swell water-stop). It should be appreciated that the at least one secondary membrane or layer24, serves several purposes, such as, for example, it adds “burst resistance”, it acts as a backing layer onto which one applies the at least one primary membrane or layer26, and the bentonite granules24A, within the secondary membrane layer24, will expand when exposed to water creating a sealing or gasketing effect thus sealing any cracks, tears, gaps, etc., to name a few. It should also be appreciated that the second or primary membrane layer26, such as, for example, Aussie Skin55026, serves several purposes, such as, for example, it provides “burst resistance”, and wherein the first or secondary membrane layer24, namely, the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, acts as a backing or a cushion or a supplemental “burst resistance” layer to the primary membrane26, and further adds burst resistance to prevent the primary membrane24, from rupturing during shotcrete or concrete33,35, applications. As stated earlier that the inventive waterproofing system23, comprises of two separate and independent waterproofing membranes, namely, the first waterproofing layer or membrane24, and the second waterproofing membrane or layer26, and which are innovatively combined to create a single robust dual waterproofing layer or system45. It should also be appreciated that the material used to make the first waterproofing layer or membrane24, is different than the material used to make the second waterproofing membrane or layer26.

FIG.2, illustrates an enlarged side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a second embodiment of the invention. The structure ofFIG.2, is similar to the structure ofFIG.1, except that a concrete or a shotcrete retaining wall27, has been installed instead of a wood lagging17, between the retained earth16, and the optional insulation board18, or the drain board18, and the inventive secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24. For some applications the concrete or a shotcrete retaining wall27, could contain at least one metal wire mesh47, which is embedded within the shotcrete/concrete33,35. The concrete or a shotcrete retaining wall27, can also be reinforced, using at least one reinforcing means47, such as, for example, steel rods, steel mesh, rebar, fibers, wire mesh, and combinations thereof, to name a few.

FIG.3, illustrates an enlarged side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a third embodiment of the invention. The structure ofFIG.3, is similar to the structure ofFIG.1, except that another soil retention system37, is being shown instead of a wood lagging17, between the retained earth16, and the optional insulation board18, or the drain board18, and the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24. The another soil retention system37, could be any of the other typical soil retention systems37, such as, for example, lagging retention systems, soil/cement retention systems, shotcrete retention systems, concrete retention systems, using shotcrete or concrete to create thin temporary walls retention systems, plywood retention systems, pylons retention systems, caissons retention systems, sheet-metal piles retention systems, diaphragm wall retention systems, and combinations thereof, to name a few. For some applications, such as, for example, a blind side wall14, a soil retention system37, may be needed to be installed, such as, for example, using wood lagging37, a soil cement37, a metal wire mesh embedded in concrete37, to name a few. It should be appreciated that a soil retention system37, helps in holding back the compacted earth or dirt16, from coming down due to, for example, gravity. The soil retention system37, also helps in creating a substantially uniform vertical wall surface14.

FIG.4, illustrates an enlarged side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. After the earth16, has been compacted or a mud slab16, has been formed, at least one layer of a bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, is secured to or laid on the open face of the compacted earth16, or the mud slab16. At least one layer of the primary sheet membrane26, having at least one layer of adhesive29, is then laid over the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, with the at least one layer of adhesive29, facing up or away from the secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24. A concrete slab33,35, or a reinforced concrete slab33,35, is then poured onto the exposed surface or face of the sheet membrane26, with at least one adhesive layer29, and where the at least one adhesive layer29, adheres to the concrete or shotcrete33,35. The concrete slab33,35, can be reinforced, using at least one reinforcing means47, such as, for example, steel rods, steel mesh, rebar, fibers, wire mesh, and combinations thereof, to name a few. The concrete slab33,35, could also be provided with at least one water-stop31, such as, for example, an Aussie swell water-stop31. Optionally, for areas where there needs to be an overlap between a first edge24A, of a first bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, and a second or adjacent edge24B, of a second or adjacent bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, one can use the factory lap38, or one can also optionally apply at least one securing means20, such as, for example, a staple20, a fastener20, an adhesive20, a sealant20, and combinations thereof, to name a few, so as to secure one first edge24A, of the first bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, to the second or adjacent edge24B, of the second or adjacent bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24. It should be appreciated that in order to create a continuous primary membrane or layer26, or an overlap between two adjacent primary membranes or layers26, one could secure one first edge26A, of the first primary membrane or layer26, to the second or adjacent edge26B, of the second or adjacent primary membrane or layer26, using a factory lap (with a built-in adhesive28, in the lap), or a at least one double-sided tape28, and combinations thereof, to name a few.

FIG.5, illustrates an enlarged side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. This is similar toFIG.1, except that the secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, is extended over the entire under-slab floor area12, forming at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer75, instead of just on the walls14, or along a portion of the corner21, and forming the bentonite sheet waterproofing layer extension25, such as, for example, extending only say about 12 inches or so along the floor surface12. As stated earlier at least one layer of at least one sheet membrane26, having at least one adhesive layer29, such as, for example, Aussie Skin550, which is also referred to as the primary membrane or layer26, can then be applied over the open or exposed face or surface of the at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24,25,75, with the adhesive layer29, facing up or away from the at least one secondary layer or membrane24,25,75. The next step is to create a concrete barrier for the foundation of the structure34, or floor12, or wall14, or building34, such as, for example, a concrete or shotcrete slab33, which would go onto the floor12, and/or a concrete or shotcrete wall35, which would be along the wall14, or a concrete or shotcrete layer which would be along a ceiling (not shown), and which would be applied to the open or exposed face or surface of the primary membrane or layer26, or the side having the at least one layer of an adhesive29. The concrete wall35, or concrete floor33, that is formed over the sheet membrane26, with adhesive layer29, is such that the concrete wall35, or the concrete floor33, is in contact with the adhesive layer29, and the exposed side of the concrete floor12,33, or the wall14,35, or the ceiling, forms the interior wall40, or the exterior wall40, or interior floor40, or exterior floor40, of the structure34, or building34.

FIG.6, illustrates an enlarged side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. This is similar toFIG.2, except that the secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, is extended over the entire under-slab floor area12, forming at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer75, instead of just on the walls14, or along a portion of the corner21, and forming the bentonite sheet waterproofing layer extension25, such as, for example, extending only say about 12 inches or so along the floor surface12. As stated earlier at least one layer of at least one sheet membrane26, having at least one adhesive layer29, such as, for example, Aussie Skin550, which is also referred to as the primary membrane or layer26, can then be applied over the open or exposed face or surface of the at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24,25,75, with the adhesive layer29, facing up or away from the at least one secondary layer or membrane24,25,75. The next step is to create a concrete barrier for the foundation of the structure34, or floor12, or wall14, or building34, such as, for example, a concrete or shotcrete slab33, which would go onto the floor12, and/or a concrete or shotcrete wall35, which would be along the wall14, or a concrete or shotcrete layer which would be along a ceiling (not shown), and which would be applied to the open or exposed face or surface of the primary membrane or layer26, or the side having the at least one layer of adhesive29. The concrete wall35, or concrete floor33, that is formed over the sheet membrane26, with adhesive layer29, is such that concrete wall35, or the concrete floor33, is in contact with adhesive29, and the exposed side of the concrete floor12,33, or the wall14,35, or the ceiling, forms the interior wall40, or the exterior wall40, or interior floor40, or exterior floor40, of the structure34, or building34.

FIG.7, illustrates an enlarged side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, according to a seventh embodiment of the invention. This is similar toFIG.3, except that the secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, is extended over the entire under-slab floor area12, forming at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer75, instead of just on the walls14, or along a portion of the corner21, and forming the bentonite sheet waterproofing layer extension25, such as, for example, extending only say about 12 inches or so along the floor surface12. As stated earlier at least one layer of at least one sheet membrane26, having at least one adhesive layer29, such as, for example, Aussie Skin550, which is also referred to as the primary membrane or layer26, can then be applied over the open or exposed face or surface of the at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24,25,75, with the adhesive layer29, facing up or away from the at least one secondary layer or membrane24,25,75. The next step is to create a concrete barrier for the foundation of the structure34, or floor12, or wall14, or building34, such as, for example, a concrete or shotcrete slab33, which would go onto the floor12, and/or a concrete or shotcrete wall35, which would be along the wall14, or a concrete or shotcrete layer which would be along a ceiling (not shown), and which would be applied to the open or exposed face or surface of the primary membrane or layer26, or the side having the adhesive29. The concrete wall35, or concrete floor33, that is formed over the sheet membrane26, with adhesive layer29, is such that the concrete wall35, or the concrete floor33, is in contact with the adhesive29, and the exposed side of the concrete floor12,33, or the wall14,35, or the ceiling, forms the interior wall40, or the exterior wall40, or interior floor40, or exterior floor40, of the structure34, or building34. It should be appreciated that for some applications at least one vapor barrier layer or liner32, or at least one polymer layer or liner32, or a plastic liner32, could be directly hung onto the exposed face of the surface, such as, the exposed face of the compacted earth16, or the mud slab16, or the soil retention system37, or the retaining means17, or the drain board18, etc., and one could then directly secure or place the at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, against the exposed face of the at least one vapor barrier liner32, or the at least one polymer liner32. For some applications the at least one vapor barrier layer or liner32, could be between about 5 mils to about 12 mils.

FIG.8A, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, showing bentonite particles24A, being contained inside at least one fabric material30. For some applications the bentonite particles24A, could be contained at least one first layer of at least one first fabric material30A, and at least one second layer of at least one second fabric material30B. The inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, or Aussie Clay24, basically comprises of bentonite granular particles24A, which are contained inside the at least one fabric material30. Thus, it should be appreciated that the at least one secondary inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, having bentonite granules24A, are contained inside a pouch30, or a pillow30, or a layer30, so as to form the at least one secondary inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24. For some applications the inventive bentonite membrane24, is simply a layer of bentonite granules24A, that are between two layers of two fabric materials30A,30B, such as, for example, a geotextile fabric30A,30B. In essence the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, comprises of at least three (3) layers, namely, at least one first fabric layer30A, at least one layer of bentonite granules24A, and at least one second layer of fabric material30B, and thus, the at least one fabric layers30A,30B, completely envelopes the at least one layer of bentonite granules24A, as clearly shown inFIG.8. It should be appreciated that the fabric material30A,30B, should be breathable, or made of a material30A,30B, that allows the passage of water48, to penetrate inside the pouch30, and directly interact with the at least one layer of bentonite granular particles24A, which bentonite granular particles24A, then retain or contain the water48, so as to form the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24. It should be appreciated that the bentonite particles24A, are typically granular in nature, and thus these bentonite particles24A, need a breathable support carrier30, so as to allow for the passage of water48, but prevent the falling out of the bentonite particles24A, from the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24.

FIG.8B, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, illustrated inFIG.8A, and having at least one layer of at least one vapor barrier32. The at least one vapor barrier32, could be selected from a group comprising a plastic material, a polymer material, a poly-liner material, a polyethylene material, a composite material, and combinations thereof, to name a few. It should be appreciated that the at least one vapor barrier32, could be secured to at least one side of the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, or it could be loosely adhered to at least one side of the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24. For some applications the at least one vapor barrier32, could be between about 5 mils to about 12 mils. It should be appreciated that during installation the at least one vapor barrier32, faces the compacted earth16, or the mud slab16, and is not on the face or side where the user (not shown) would be placing the at least one sheet membrane26, having the at least one adhesive layer29, such as, for example, Aussie Skin550.

FIG.9, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, illustrating an exemplary securing means50, to secure the inventive dual waterproofing membrane assembly45, to a structure according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.FIG.9, illustrates the use of the securing means50, before the application of concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35. For some applications one has to secure the substructure, such as, for example, the drain board18, or foam board18, the secondary layer or membrane24, the primary layer or membrane26, and/or a rebar cage58, to either the earth or mud slab16, and/or the soil retention system17, and for such securing one could use at least one securing means or device50, such as, for example, a screw50, an anchor50, a nail50, an adhesive50, a bolt50, and combinations thereof, to name a few. The securing means50, typically has a head51, a tail end52, and a shaft53. For some applications the head51, could have at least one opening or eyelet55. After the shaft53, of the securing means50, has penetrated the various layers16,17,18,24,26, and the tail end52, has been anchored to the earth or mud slab16, and/or the soil retention system17, one would then use at least one sealant57, around the opening59, created by the penetration of the shaft53, through the various layers16,17,18,24,26, so as to create a moisture or fluid barrier layer57. For some applications one could also place the at least one sealant57, on or around the shaft53, of the at least one securing means or device50. Therefore, once the rebar cage58, has been properly secured one can then apply at least one layer of concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35, to the exposed face or surface of the layer26, or the side or surface having the at least one layer of adhesive29. It should be appreciated that for most applications the securing means50, usually gets buried in the at least one layer of concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35. For some applications a securing means56, such as, a tie56, a string56, to name a few, can be used the secure the rebar cage58, to the securing means50, such as, by securing the securing means56, using the eyelet55, or the head51, to secure the rebar cage58, to the substructure16,17,18,24,26, via the at least one securing means50. It is preferred that the at least one sealant57, is made from a material that has a long life, and does not disintegrate, such as, in a water or moisture or hydrostatic pressure environment48. Similarly, it is preferred that the at least one securing means50, is made from a material that is non-rusting, and that the securing means50, has a long life, and does not disintegrate, such as, in a water or moisture or hydrostatic pressure environment48. It is preferred that the earth16, or mud slab16, has a substantially planer surface16A, so that any structure that is built over or along the earth16, or mud slab16, has a substantially planar surface which would correspond to the planar surface16A. The planar surface16A, also helps eliminate any voids or distortions that might creep in due to the uneven surface of the earth16, or mud slab16.

FIG.10, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing23, illustrating another exemplary securing means60, to secure the inventive dual waterproofing membrane assembly45, to a structure according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.FIG.10, illustrates the use of the securing means60, before the application of concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35. For some applications one has to secure the substructure, such as, for example, the drain board18, the secondary layer or membrane24, and the primary layer or membrane26, or the dual membrane45, to either the earth or mud slab16, and/or the soil retention system17, or each to the other, and for such securing one could use at least one securing means60, or device60, such as, for example, a screw60, an anchor60, a nail60, an adhesive60, a bolt60, and combinations thereof, to name a few. The securing means60, typically has a head61, a tail end62, and a shaft63. After the shaft63, of the securing means60, has penetrated the various layers16,17,18,24,26, and the tail end62, has been anchored to the earth or mud slab16, and/or the soil retention system17, one would then use at least one optional sealant67, or a washer67, or a grommet67, or an O-Ring67, around the opening69, created by the penetration of the shaft63, through the various layers16,17,18,24,26, so as to create a moisture or fluid barrier layer at a location opposite of the earth or mud slab16, and near the head61, of the securing means60. For some applications the at least one sealant67, or a washer67, or a grommet67, or an O-Ring67, can be placed on or around the shaft63, of the securing means60, or device60, and then the head61, could be pushed towards the earth or mud slab16, so that the at least one sealant67, substantially covers the opening69, which has been created by the penetration of the shaft63, and that the at least one optional sealant67, is tightly sandwiched between the head61, and the adjacent surface layer16,17,18,24,26. For some applications one could also place at least one patch65, having peripheral edges65A, such as, an Aussie skin patch65, using at least one securing means66, such as, for example, an adhesive66, a double-sided tape66, a sealant66, and combinations thereof, to name a few, to provide an additional layer of protection from any fluid48, or hydrostatic pressure48, that might penetrate into the structure via the opening69. It should be understood that the peripheral edges65A, of the patch65, gets adhered and secured to the exposed face of the substructure24,26, via the securing means66. Therefore, once the securing device60, has secured the substructure16,17,18,24,26, one can then apply at least one layer of concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35, to the exposed face or surface of the primary layer or membrane26, or the side or surface having the at least one layer of adhesive29. It should be appreciated that for most applications the securing means60, gets buried in the at least one layer of concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35. It is preferred that the at least one optional sealant67, is made from a material that has a long life, and does not disintegrate, such as, in a water or moisture or hydrostatic pressure environment48. Similarly, it is preferred that the at least one securing means60, is made from a material that is non-rusting, and that the securing means60, has a long life, and does not disintegrate, such as, in a water or moisture or hydrostatic pressure environment48.

FIG.11, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing73, according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention.FIG.11, is similar toFIG.1, except that the dual inventive layer assembly45, fully extends along the wall surface14, creating a dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, and it partially extends along the floor surface12, or floor area13, creating a dual inventive floor partial layer assembly45PF, and the combination of45W, and45PF, is used as a water or moisture protection layer45, or as a waterproofing layer45, against the water table48, or hydrostatic pressure48. Furthermore,FIG.11, also shows that for some applications or areas, one may not need a drain board or foam18, while in other areas, a drain board or foam18, may be needed or desired by a user, or as needed in a specific application. Thus, as one can appreciate that the dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, comprises of at least one layer of the membrane24, or at least one layer of a wall membrane24W, that fully extends along the wall14, and at least one skin layer26, or at least one layer of a wall skin layer26W, that fully extends along the wall14. Similarly, the dual inventive floor layer assembly45PF, comprises of at least one layer of the membrane24, or at least one partial layer of a floor membrane24PF, that partially extends along the floor12, and at least one skin layer26, or at least one layer of a floor skin layer26F, that fully extends along the floor12. It is preferred that the at least one partial layer of the floor membrane24PF, that partially extends along the floor12, extends along the floor12, or floor area13, to at least a distance19, or floor length FL. For most applications the distance19, could be from about 6 inches, or about 12 inches, or at least a sufficient distance that it provides sufficient waterproofing capability to the dual inventive floor layer assembly45PF. For most applications it is preferred that the dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, transitions into the dual inventive floor layer assembly45PF, at or around the corner21, without a seam, such as, seam39. For some applications it is preferred that the seam39, has a seam width41, or seam width SW, and wherein the seam width41, is sufficiently wide to provide a waterproof seam39. It is preferred for most applications that the seam width41, is at least, say about 3 inches or more, or as desired by the user, or as needed for the application. Even though seam39, provides a complete waterproof seam or joint39, but in reality, it does provide a weak spot, as it is done by hand by workers, and not some precise calibrated equipment or machine. It should be appreciated that the seam39, is only shown for the at least one skin layer26, but in reality, the at least one layer of the membrane24, also has seam39, but for the ease of understanding it is not being shown. However, it should be understood that the seam39, for the at least one layer of the membrane24, is similar to the seam39, for the at least one skin layer26, and uses the same materials, and processes to create the seam39, for the at least one layer of the membrane24. Furthermore, it should be understood that for some applications as shown inFIG.11, the inventive dual layer45, comprising of the inventive wall portion dual layer45W, and the inventive floor portion dual layer45F, extends along at least a portion of the wall14, and along at least a portion of the floor surface12,13. However, as shown inFIG.11, the inventive floor portion dual layer45PF, has the at least one layer of the floor skin layer26F, extending along the entire surface of the floor12,13, while the at least one layer of the floor membrane24PF, extends along only a portion of the floor12, or floor area13.

FIG.12, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing83, according to a twelfth embodiment of the invention.FIG.12, is similar toFIG.1, except that the dual inventive layer assembly45, fully extends along the wall surface14, creating a dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, and it partially extends along the floor surface12, or floor area13, creating a dual inventive floor partial layer assembly45PF, and the combination of45W, and45PF, is used as a water or moisture protection layer45, or as a waterproofing layer45, against the water table48, or hydrostatic pressure48. Furthermore,FIG.12, also shows that for some applications or areas, one may not need a drain board or foam18, while in other areas, a drain board or foam18, may be needed or desired by a user, or as needed in a specific application. Thus, as one can appreciate that the dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, comprises of at least one layer of the membrane24, or at least one layer of a wall membrane24W, that fully extends along the wall14, and at least one skin layer26, or at least one layer of a wall skin layer26W, that fully extends along the wall14. Similarly, the dual inventive partial floor layer assembly45PF, comprises of at least one layer of the membrane24, or at least one layer of a floor membrane24F, that extends along the floor12,13, and at least one skin layer26, or at least one partial floor skin layer26PF, that partially extends along the floor12,13. It is preferred that the at least one partial floor skin layer26PF, that partially extends along the floor12,13, extends along the floor12, or floor area13, to at least a distance19, or floor length FL. For most applications, the distance19, could be from about 6 inches, or about 12 inches, or at least a sufficient distance that it provides sufficient waterproofing capability to the dual inventive partial floor layer assembly45PF. For most applications it is preferred that the dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, transitions into the dual inventive floor layer assembly45PF, at or around the corner21, without a seam, such as, seam39. For some applications it is preferred that the seam39, has a seam width41, or seam width SW, and wherein the seam width41, is sufficiently wide to provide a waterproof seam39. It is preferred for most applications that the seam width41, is at least, say about 3 inches or more, or as desired by the user, or as needed for the application. Even though seam39, provides a complete waterproof seam or joint39, but in reality, it does provide a weak spot, as it is done by hand by workers, and not some precise calibrated equipment or machine. It should be appreciated that the seam39, is only shown for the at least one skin layer26, but in reality, the at least one layer of the membrane24, also has seam39, but for the ease of understanding it is not being shown. However, it should be understood that the seam39, for the at least one layer of the membrane24, is similar to the seam39, for the at least one skin layer26, and uses the same materials, and processes to create the seam39, for the at least one layer of the membrane24. Furthermore, it should be understood that for some applications as shown inFIG.12, the inventive dual layer45, comprising of the inventive wall portion dual layer45W, and the inventive floor portion dual layer45F, extends along at least a portion of the wall14, and along at least a portion of the floor surface12, or floor area13. However, as shown inFIG.12, the inventive floor portion dual layer45PF, has the at least one layer of the floor skin layer26PF, extending along only a portion of the floor12,13, while the at least one layer of the floor membrane24F, extends along the entire surface of the floor12, or floor area13.

FIG.13, illustrates a side cut-away view of the inventive below grade dual membrane waterproofing system for waterproofing93, according to a thirteenth embodiment of the invention.FIG.13, is similar toFIG.1, except that the dual inventive layer assembly45, fully extends along the wall surface14, creating a dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, and it also fully extends along the floor surface12, or floor area13, creating a dual inventive floor layer assembly45F, and the combination of45W, and45F, is used as a water or moisture protection layer45, or as a waterproofing layer45, against the water table48, or hydrostatic pressure48. Furthermore,FIG.13, also shows that for some applications or areas, one may not need a drain board or foam18, while in other areas, a drain board or foam18, may be needed or desired by a user, or as needed in a specific application. Thus, as one can appreciate that the dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, comprises of at least one layer of the membrane24, or at least one layer of a wall membrane24W, that fully extends along the wall14, and at least one skin layer26, or at least one layer of a wall skin layer26W, that fully extends along the wall14. Similarly, the dual inventive floor layer assembly45F, comprises of at least one layer of the membrane24, or at least one layer of a floor membrane24F, that extends along the floor12, or floor area13, and at least one skin layer26, or at least one layer of a floor skin layer26F, that extends along the floor12,13. For most applications it is preferred that the dual inventive wall layer assembly45W, transitions into the dual inventive wall layer assembly45F, at or around the corner21, without a seam, such as, seam39. For some applications it is preferred that the seam39, has a seam width41, or seam width SW, and wherein the seam width41, is sufficiently wide to provide a waterproof seam39. It is preferred for most applications that the seam width41, is at least, say about 3 inches or more, or as desired by the user, or as needed for the application. Even though seam39, provides a complete waterproof seam or joint39, but in reality, it does provide a weak spot, as it is done by hand by workers, and not some precise calibrated equipment or machine. It should be appreciated that the seam39, is only shown for the at least one skin layer26, but in reality, the at least one layer of the membrane24, also has seam39, but for the ease of understanding it is not being shown. However, it should be understood that the seam39, for the at least one layer of the membrane24, is similar to the seam39, for the at least one skin layer26, and uses the same materials, and processes to create the seam39, for the at least one layer of the membrane24. Furthermore, it should be understood thatFIG.13, clearly shows that the inventive dual layer45, comprising of the inventive wall portion dual layer45W, and the inventive floor portion dual layer45F, extends along the complete wall14, and along the complete or entire floor surface12, or floor area13.

It should be appreciated that the inventive dual membrane45, comprises of at least one secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, which is secured by at least one primary sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, such as, for example, Aussie Skin550.

The at least one primary membrane26, or skin26, (such as, Aussie Skin550), is a heavy-duty sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete33,35, however, it can be any sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete33, and having any thickness. It is preferred that the primary membrane26, with adhesive29, to fully bond to concrete/shotcrete33,35, should be easy to install, should be a puncture resistant sheet waterproofing membrane26, and having an excellent adhesion between the primary membrane26, and a wet concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35.

Shotcrete33,35, or sprayed concrete33,35, is concrete33,35, or mortar33,35, conveyed through a hose (not shown) and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface12,14, as a construction technique. For some applications the sprayed concrete33,35, or shotcrete33,35, is typically reinforced by conventional securing means47, such as, for example, steel rods47, steel mesh47, fibers47, and combinations thereof, or, for example, a rebar cage58. Shotcrete33,35, can be placed, and compacted at the same time, due to the force with the nozzle, and it can be sprayed onto any type or shape of surface12,14, including vertical surface14, horizontal surface12, or overhead areas (not shown), such as, along a roof or ceiling, which is done in a similar manner as the application along the horizontal floor12, or a vertical wall14, and would be well known to a person skilled in the art.

The secondary or inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, the Bentonite Mass per Unit Area, other specifications, along with the appropriate protection, and drainage, will depend on the particular application, and one can get this information, from the provider of the waterproofing system, (such as, for example, the Aussie Clay technical drawings and documentation), as these criteria or specification will depend on the soil type for the earth16, the condition of the area10, the water or moisture table48, and the specifications of the building or structure34.

It should be appreciated that the inventive secondary layer24, or the bentonite layer or membrane24, expands when wet, absorbing as much as several times its dry mass in water, thus the expansion of the inventive secondary layer24, or the bentonite layer24, is now being used as a sealant in a wet soil condition, and to protect a structure34, or to create a very effective water barrier layer24, or a waterproofing layer24. For the purposes of specification what is relevant is the amount of bentonite in the secondary membrane24, and is calculated as Bentonite Mass per Unit Area. So, for example, for some applications one could have 1.0 pound of bentonite per sqft., while for another application one could use, for example, 0.8 pound of bentonite per sqft. It is preferred that the range of Bentonite Mass per Unit Area is between about 0.5 pound of bentonite per sqft. to about 2.0 pound of bentonite per sqft., and preferably about 1.0 pound of bentonite per sqft.

It is preferred that all securing means50,60, such as, for example, anchors50,60, nails50,60, screws50,60, etc., that are used to hang the dual waterproofing membrane45, below the water table48, be non-rusting or rust-proof securing means50,60. It is also preferred that all screws50,60, (FIGS.9, and10), used to hang the primary sheet membrane26, are preferably sealed with, for example, a 3 inch×3 inch patch of material26,65, (such as, for example, Aussie Skin)26, bonded with, for example, a double-sided tape28,66, (such as, for example, Aussie tape)28, as the patch of material26,65, or Aussie Skin Sanded Tape28, would provide the waterproofing qualities.

For some applications, one could also provide an additional sealing layer65, over the head61, using a securing material38, such as, for example, bentonite clay sealant38, such as, for example, Aussie Clay Sealant38, to seal the nails60, or screws60, over the bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, or use, for example, say a 3 inch by 3 inch patch of sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, such as, for example, an Aussie Skin550patch, Aussie Skin Sanded Tape or sealant26,29, such as, Aussie Seal M, to name a few.

For some applications, such as, below the water table48, a drain board18, may be substituted with an approved protection layer18, as long as the approved protection layer18, is providing sufficient protection for the dual membrane system45, installed on the building or structure34.

As stated earlier that this invention23, can be used, such as, for example, especially in a high-risk conditions, where, for example, the building34, or floor12, or wall14, or structure12,14,34, is going to be built in a water table48, area10, and/or exposed to periodic or on-going hydrostatic pressure48. One of the innovations of this invention23, is that it includes, at least one layer of secondary membrane24, such as, for example, the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, such as, for example, Aussie Clay24. After the inventive bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, such as, for example, Aussie Clay24, has been installed, then the at least one layer of the primary membrane26, or skin layer26, such as, for example, Aussie Skin membrane26, is installed over the exposed face or surface of the inventive secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, or Aussie Clay24, or secondary membrane24.

The primary or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet skin membrane26, (such as, for example, Aussie Skin550), having different thicknesses, depending on the job requirements, and ranging, for example, from about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm thick, is secured to the exposed face or surface of the inventive secondary or bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane or layer24, using the at least one securing mechanism50,60, to form the dual membrane assembly45. It should be appreciated that the primary layer or membrane26, is usually secured to the secondary layer or membrane24, using at least one mechanical fastening means50,60, especially, when both layers45, are being installed in a vertical position14, or along a ceiling (not shown), but could be laid loose when applied on a surface12, such as, a floor12, and then gravity would keep both layers24,26,45, in their respective positions along the floor12, without the need of any mechanical securing.

For areas where at least one primary sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, is being joined to another primary sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, such as, along an edge26A,26B, or a seam, it is preferred that the edge or seam area26A,26B, that are going to be overlapped have clean surfaces. Before bonding the next sheet membrane26, to an existing or already applied sheet membrane26, one should remove the release film(s) (not shown) from the factory laps of the sheet membrane26, which release film(s) is used to protect the adhesive layer29. It is preferred the next or second sheet membrane26, be installed and mated with the previous or already installed sheet membrane26, and has, for example, a minimum of say, between about 2.0 inches to about 6.0 inches overlap along the edges26A,26B. For some applications it is preferred that a steel or rubber roller, is rolled or passed over the overlap or the seam joint area26A,26B, several times while applying pressure to ensure proper adhesion between the first edge26A, of the first sheet membrane26, and the second or adjacent edge26B, of the second or adjacent sheet membrane26, that is being joined, each to the other, at their respective edges26A,26B. For some applications, such as, for example, during cold or wet weather where one skin layer or sheet26, for some reason is not adhering to the second skin layer or sheet26, one could optionally, and gently use a heat gun, or a welder (such as, a Liester welder), which will help improve the adhesion between the two overlapping skin layers26, at the seam or along the overlap area or edges26A,26B.

It should be understood that the inventive dual system45, comprises of at least one secondary layer of a bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, and at least one primary sheet membrane26, with at least one adhesive layer29. This inventive dual system45, may also include at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, and wherein the at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane24, is completely contained inside or enveloped by at least one layer30A, of at least one fabric material30B, as more clearly shown inFIG.8.

The at least one layer of the secondary bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, preferably has a thickness from say between about 20 mils, to about 500 mils.

The at least one primary sheet or membrane26, with at least one adhesive29, such as, for example, an Aussie Skin550, is very thick, such as, for example, about 1.2 mm thick. The at least one layer of the at least one sheet membrane26, with adhesive29, such as, for example, the Aussie Skin550, preferably has a thickness from say between about 20 mils, to about 350 mils. For some applications one could also use a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheet membrane26, such as, for example, Aussie Skin, having different thicknesses, depending on the job requirements, and ranging, for example, from about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm thick, that can be secured to the exposed face of the at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24.

For some applications the at least one soil retention system17, could be selected from a group comprising of a drain board, a foam, a compacted earth layer, a metallic structure, a wooden structure, a plastic structure, a plastic liner, a composite structure, and combinations thereof, to name a few. For some applications one could also use at least one vapor barrier liner32, and wherein the at least one vapor barrier liner32, could be loosely secured to at least one side of the at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, as shown inFIG.8B. For some applications one could also use at least one polymer liner32, and wherein the at least one polymer liner32, could be secured to one of the first face and the second face of the at least one bentonite sheet waterproofing membrane layer24, and wherein the at least one polymer liner32, could have a thickness of between about 5 mils, and about 12 mils.

For some applications one could also have at least one liner having a first face and a second face, and wherein this at least one liner could be placed between the at least one soil retention system17, and the at least one first waterproof membrane24, such that at least a portion of the first face of the at least one liner is secured to at least a portion of the second face of the at least one soil retention system, and at least a portion of the second face of the at least one liner could be secured to at least a portion of the first face of the at least one first waterproof membrane24. The at least one liner could be selected from a group comprising of a plastic liner, a polyolefin liner, a fabric liner, a single fabric liner, a dual fabric liner, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) liner, a polyethylene high-density (PEHD) liner, a polyethylene thermoplastic liner, and combinations thereof, to name a few.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and the constituent elements of the invention can be modified in various manners without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Various aspects of the invention can also be extracted from any appropriate combination of a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments. Some constituent elements may be deleted in all of the constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments. The constituent elements described in different embodiments may be combined arbitrarily.

It should be further understood that throughout the specification and claims several terms have been used and they take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “in one embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it may. Additionally, the phrase “in another embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although it may. Thus, various embodiments of the invention may be readily combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.