Instrument for anorectal surgery

The present invention provides an instrument for anorectal surgery, comprising a hollow main body, a suture junction disposed at a rear end of the main body and an inserting guider disposed at a front end of the main body. At an operating position, all or part of mucosa and tissues can get through the main body. At least one opening is made in the wall of the main body, and all or part of the mucosa and tissues can get into a hollow interior of the main body through the opening. Because of the openings on the wall of the main body, the present invention can be operated to perform the anorectal surgery of local and non-annular cutting, which facilitates a quick surgical operation, further allays the pain of the patients, and a better operation effect is obtained.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an instrument for anorectal surgery, more particularly, to a new instrument for operations of cutting hemorrhoids, rectal polyp, rectocele and so on in the technical field of medical instrument.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The diseases of Anorectum Section mainly refer to the diseases of anus, rectum and colon. Common anorectal diseases include internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids, anal fissure, anal fistula, proctoptoma, rectal polyp, rectocele and so on. The colopathy includes ulcerative colitis, colonic polyps, colonic diverticulitis, colonic tumor and so on.

There is a method called PPH in the surgery operation of removal of hemorrhoids, namely, the Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids with the conventional circular stapler. The principle of PPH are as follows: the internal hemorrhoids, the mucosa and submucosa on the hemorrhoids are cut for about 3 cm-4 cm on condition that the anal tissues are conserved; the two ends are anastomosed, while the blood supply to hemorrhoids is blocked, to pull up and fix the deciduous tissues, so that the anal canal and rectum in pathology state are restored to normal anatomic state. Operative treatment for the severe hemorrhoids with PPH has advantages of allaying the pain and reducing bleeding amount after the operation, shortening hospital stay, speeding up recovery period, no influence on daily life, low recurrence rate, etc. However, in clinical practice, some patients do not have three but one or two abnormal hemorrhoids simultaneously. If the conventional circular stapler is used to cut around, three hemorrhoids will all be cut no matter whether they are in normal or abnormal states. The operation will harm the patients and has no positive influences on rehabilitation after the operation. Furthermore, for the reason that the conventional circular stapler is a circumferential device for cutting and suturing, after the conventional circular stapler cuts and sutures all or part of the mucosa and tissue coordinating with the conventional anal speculum pedestal, there will be suture and incision around the rectum, and also a lap of pins at the suture and incision, which makes the suture and incision become abnormally rigid and inflexible. When the patients are defecating, the suture and incision may be distracted and need to be sutured again, which will increase the pain of the patients and increase the medical expenditures.

On the other hand, the rectal polyp in the anorectal diseases generally refers to the protrusion lesion of the rectal mucosa surface extruding to the rectum cavity, and includes adenoma, children polyp, inflammatory polyp and polyposis. It is known in recent years that the polyp is a kind of lesion inducing colorectal cancers, and cutting the polyp as soon as possible can prevent the cancers from occurring. So the polyp as the precancerous lesion has attracted more attention. The rectocele, or protuberance of the rectal anterior wall, also known as proctocele, is one of the syndromes of the exit obstruction. The rectal wall of the patient extrudes into the vagina due to the thin rectovaginal septum, just like a hernia. At present, there are mainly three methods as follows for treating the two kinds of diseases described above:

1. Surgical repairer via rectum. There are two particular methods as follows:I. At the bottom of the rectum and 0.5 cm above the tooth trace, make a longitudinal incision about 7 cm long and deep into the submucosal to make the muscle exposed. Dissociate the mucosal flap on both sides for 1 cm to 2 cm according to the width of the rectocele. Then suture with chromic catgut of model 2/0, and close the left edge of the musculi levator ani. At last, repair the flap on both sides and make intervening suture for the mucosal incision with chromic catgut.II. Make a transverse incision about 1.5-2 cm long. Make longitudinal incisions about 7 cm long at two ends of the transverse incision respectively to form a U-shaped incision. Firstly, make intervening transverse suture for about 3 stitches to 4 stitches and suture the slack rectovaginal septum transversely. Secondly, make intervening longitudinal suture for about 2 stitches to 3 stitches, and cut the excess mucous membrane, and suture the edges of the mucosal muscle flap with the tooth line discontinuously. At last, suture the longitudinal incisions at the two ends of the transverse incision continuously or discontinuously.

2. Closed repair via rectum. The procedures of this method are as follows: clamp the muscularis mucosae longitudinally with curved forceps according to the size of the rectocele; then suture the muscularis mucosae from bottom to top continuously till to the symphysis pubis with the chromic catgut of model 2/0.

3. Closed suture for repairing the rectocele via rectum. The procedures of this method are as follows: make double breasted and continuous interlocking suture on the rectocele to suture the mucosa, the submucosa and the mucosal muscle together; eliminate sacs on the rectal anterior wall; tighten the continuous interlocking suture to make a strangulation and make the mucosa necrotic and deciduous, so that the wounds near the submucosa and the mucosal muscle heal quickly.

The disadvantages of the methods above are that, the procedures of the operations are too complicated, the suture is made by hand, the suturing speed is slow and the effects are not satisfactory.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is aimed at solving the problems of prior art by providing a new and multifunctional instrument for anorectal surgery, more particularly for operations of cutting hemorrhoids, rectal polyp, rectocele and so on.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:

An instrument for anorectal surgery, comprising a hollow main body, the main body includes a front end and a rear end, wherein the rear end of the main body has a closed-ring cut section, and the main body can reach an operating position through an anus; at least one opening is made in a front wall of the closed-ring cut section of the main body; and tissues need to be cut can get into a hollow interior of the main body through the opening.

Preferably, a suture junction is disposed at the rear end of the main body; the main body can be pushed to the operating position by operating the suture junction and can be fixed at the operating position by suturing the suture junction on the tissues.

Preferably, the suture junction is a broad brim having a diameter greater than that of the main body, and the broad brim is backwardly divergent in shape. The broad brim has hollowed-out structures thereon, at least two hollowed-out structures are disposed evenly on the broad brim; two handles are disposed symmetrically and peripherally on the broad brim, alternatively, wavy projections are disposed at a circumference of the broad brim.

Alternatively, the suture junction is made as holes on the rear end of the main body.

Preferably, an inserting guider is disposed at the front end of the main body; and the instrument for anorectal surgery is guided to the operating position by the inserting guider.

Preferably, the inserting guider is a cone-shaped body, or is a chamfer on the front end of the main body.

Preferably, the main body is cylindrical or conical. The main body is formed fixedly by a front part and a rear part. The length of the opening is in the range of one sixth to five sixths of length of the main body.

Preferably, one opening is made in a wall of the main body and the opening has a central angle ranging from 80 degrees to 300 degrees; alternatively, two openings are made in a wall of the main body and each opening has a central angle ranging from 30 degrees to 160 degrees; alternatively, three openings are made evenly in a wall of the main body, and central angles of the three openings are all equal, or all different, or two of the central angles are equal.

Preferably, a scale is disposed in a wall of the main body to display how deep the main body enters the anus, and the scale covers part or all of the main body.

Preferably, on the front end of the main body are disposed a curved wall and an opening opposite to the curved wall; and tissues need to be cut can get into the hollow interior of the main body through the opening.

Preferably, the length of the curved wall is from 10 mm to 70 mm and the width is from 10 mm to 70 mm; the foremost-end of the curved wall is curved.

Distinguished from a surgical operation with the conventional anoscope, during the surgical operation with the instrument of the present invention, it is not necessary to use a cannula and an anoscope, and the corresponding processes for operating the two instruments are omitted, which makes the whole operation simpler and reduces the operation time. Because of the openings on the wall of the main body of the instrument, the present invention is better for performing the surgery operations of cutting single hemorrhoid or double hemorrhoids, which facilitates a quick surgical operation and further allays the pain of the patients. Moreover, coordinated with the circular stapler, the present invention can be applied in the anorectal surgery of non-circular cutting for single hemorrhoid, double hemorrhoids or rectocele, which improves the overall effect of the operation, and it is worth to promote the present invention in this field.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides an instrument for anorectal surgery.

According to the embodiment shown inFIG. 1, the instrument mainly for hemorrhoid surgery of anorectal surgical operations comprises a hollow main body1. The main body1comprises a front end11and a rear end12. The rear end12of the present invention has a closed-ring cut section7, more specifically is a cylindrical body, which is disposed to prevent normal tissues from falling into the hollow interior of the main body1. At least one opening4is made in the front wall of the closed-ring cut section7of the main body1. All or part of the mucosa and tissues can get into the hollow interior of the main body1through the opening4. In all embodiments of the present invention, the instrument comprises a suture junction2disposed at the rear end12of the main body1and an inserting guider3disposed at the front end11of the main body1.

In this preferred embodiment as shown inFIG. 1, the main body1is fixed at the operating position by suturing the suture junction2with the tissues, and the instrument for anorectal surgery is guided to the operating position by the inserting guider3. If there is no need to fix the main body1with the tissues during the operation, the operator can push the main body1into the anus by simply operating the suture junction2and then hold it by hand.

At the operating position, all or part of the mucosa and tissues can get into the hollow interior of the main body1through the opening4and can go through the main body1. The so called operating position refers to the location where the instrument for anorectal surgery is inserted into the patient's body, then all or part of the mucosa and tissues are pulled into the interior of the main body1, and then all or part of the mucosa and tissues are cut with a suture instrument, and the incised tissues are sutured.

In this preferred embodiment, the main body1is cylindrical. Alternatively, the main body1can be conical so that it can be pushed into the patient's body more easily. The suture junction2is a broad brim21having a diameter greater than that of the main body1, the broad brim21has hollowed-out structures22thereon and is backwardly divergent in shape. In this preferred embodiment, four hollowed-out structures22are distributed evenly on the surface of the broad brim21. While only two or three hollowed-out structures22are needed to be distributed evenly on the surface of the broad brim in order to fix the instrument at the operating position steadily. Two handles23are disposed symmetrically and peripherally on the broad brim21in order that the doctor can hold the instrument with the handles. In this preferred embodiment, the inserting guider3is a cone-shaped body31which makes the main body1get into the patient's body more easily. The length of the opening4on the main body1is five sixths of the length of the main body1. Of course, the length of the opening4can be set, normally in the range of one sixth to five sixths of the length of the main body1, according to the need of different operations. In this preferred embodiment, in order to get a long opening4and for the convenience of producing, the opening4extends to cut a small part of the cone-shaped body31. The central angle of the opening is from 80 degrees to 300 degrees, preferably 120 degrees.

Preferably, the main body1and the suture junction2of the instrument are made transparent for the convenience of the doctor's observing. And the cone-shaped body31is made opaque so that the visual field will not be affected by other tissues during the surgical operation.

The second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 2-4. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the main body1is formed fixedly by a front part13and a rear part14, wherein the front part13is integrated with the inserting guider3and the rear part14is integrated with the suture junction2, for the convenience of assembling and replacing the instrument. That is, as shown inFIG. 3, the front part13is integrated with the cone-shaped body31, and as shown inFIG. 4, the rear part14is integrated with the broad brim21. In this embodiment, the front part13and the rear part14of the body are snap-fit connected, however, other connections, such as threaded connections, are not excluded from this invention. The opening4is disposed in the front part13of the main body1and the length of the opening4is one half of that of the main body1. Same as in the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the suture junction2is a broad brim21having a diameter greater than that of the main body1, the broad brim21has hollowed-out structures22thereon and is backwardly divergent in shape; two handles23are disposed symmetrically and peripherally on the broad brim21.

The third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 5-8. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the length of the opening4is shorter, which is preferably two thirds of that of the main body, and the opening4, with a central angle of 180 degrees, is disposed only in the main body1. In order to dispose the opening4and simultaneously make the instrument firm and good-looking, the central line of the opening4and the central line of the unhollowed portion of the broad brim21are designed in the same plane. More specifically, three hollowed-out structures22are distributed at equal intervals on the broad brim21for the convenience of suturing the broad brim21with the skin. More specifically, wavy projections24are disposed at the circumference of the broad brim21to prevent the instrument from slipping down from the doctor's hand and to enable the broad brim21with certain friction. In order that the doctor can better observe the tissues during the surgical operation, the instrument of the present invention is double-colored injected, wherein the main body1and the broad brim21are made of transparent material, and the cone-shaped body31is in white or other colors.

The fourth embodiment of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 9-12. The fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that the inserting guider3is made as a chamfer32on the front end11of the main body1in order to save material for producing the instrument of the present invention.

The fifth embodiment of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 13-16. The fifth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that the suture junction2is made as holes25on the rear end12of the main body1. When the instrument of the present invention is inserted to the operating position, the main body1is fixed with the patient's tissues by threading lines through the holes25.

The sixth embodiment of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 17-20. The sixth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that two openings4are symmetrically made in the wall of the main body1and the central angle α of the opening4is from 30 degrees to 160 degrees, preferably 120 degrees. Two openings4are disposed in this embodiment in order to be convenient for the surgical operation of non-circular cutting for double hemorrhoids and in order that all or part of the mucosa and tissues at two operating positions can be pulled into the hollow interior of the main body through the two openings4to cut. Of course, technical solutions with asymmetrical openings or openings of different sizes according to the specific conditions of the hemorrhoids and tissues are also covered by the scope of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 21andFIG. 22, in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, three openings4with different length are disposed in the wall of the main body1, and the central angle of each opening is 80 degrees. In this embodiment, all or part of the mucosa and tissues can get into the interior of the main body1through the three openings4. Of course, because all or part of the mucosa and tissues are not distributed evenly on the anal canal, the central angles of the three openings can be different. To meet the manufacturing requirements, two of the three openings may be designed to be the same and the other one different, e.g., the respective central angle for two openings is 90 degrees and that for the other opening is 75 degrees.

What has to be mentioned is that, in all embodiments of the present invention, a scale5can be disposed in the wall of the main body1to display how deep the main body enters the anus. The scale5covers part or all of the main body1, namely, the scale may be disposed around the main body in order that the doctor can see the scale from any visual angles, or the scale may be disposed in part of the main body and the doctor can see the scale from a certain visual angle by rotating the instrument, which is the case in the eighth embodiment as shown inFIG. 23, wherein the scale5is made directly on the main body1by injection. Thanks to the scale5, the doctor knows how deep the main body1enters the anus and provides more clear instructions for the surgical operation. The scale5of the present invention can be made in other forms, such as mechanical, digital or graph-text indications, in addition to the numerical indications as illustrated in this embodiment.

The operating method of the instrument will be described in details with an example of the anorectal surgery of non-circular cutting for hemorrhoids. Firstly, put the inserting guider3of the instrument towards the anus and insert the instrument into the anal canal. Secondly, rotate the instrument to make the openings4direct at all or part of the mucous and tissues. Thirdly, suture the suture junction2of the instrument with the skin around the anus to fix the instrument. Now the instrument of the present invention is located at the operating position.

Then perform purse-string suture for the mucous and tissues at the openings of the instrument with a curved needle held by a clamp. Put a circular stapler, of which the anvil is far away from the staple casing, into the instrument. After all or part of the mucous and tissues come in the suture area of the instrument, pull and tighten the purse-string to ensure all or part of the mucous and tissues are collected in the suture area of the instrument. Adjust the circular stapler to make the anvil close to the staple casing until the mucous and tissues are clamped tightly by the anvil and the staple casing. Subsequently, trigger pins of the circular stapler by a trigger handle to suture the tissues, while cut all or part of the mucous and tissues, and finally, withdraw the instrument.

It is apparent from the above description with reference to the accompanying drawings that, distinguished from a surgical operation with the conventional anal cannula, during the surgical operation with the instrument of the present invention, it is not necessary to use a cannula and an anoscope, and the corresponding processes for operating the two instruments are omitted, which makes the whole operation simpler and reduces the operation time. Furthermore, with the aid of the present invention, the circular stapler can be applied to the anorectal surgery of non-circular cutting for hemorrhoids, which extends the application scope of the circular stapler and further ensures the effect of the operation, and it is worth to promote the present invention in this field.

The ninth embodiment of the present invention is illustrated inFIGS. 17-20, which is an optimal design of the fourth embodiment. On the front end11of the main body1are disposed a curved wall6and an opening4opposite to the curved wall6, the tissues need to be cut can get into the hollow interior of the main body1through the opening4. In this embodiment, the length of the main body is from 20 mm to 50 mm, preferably 40 mm. The length L of the curved wall6is from 10 mm to 70 mm, and the width D is also from 10 mm to 70 mm. The ranges are preferred according to human's anal tissues. Now there are seven optimal combinations of the length and the width of the curved wall6: L*D is 30*30, 30*25, 30*20, 25*30, 25*25, 40*25 and 50*25 respectively. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the foremost-end of the curved wall6is curved, equivalent to a chamfer, which guides the instrument to the operating position without scratching other tissues.

The operating method of the ninth embodiment will be described in details with an example of the anorectal surgery of rectocele. Firstly, insert the instrument into the anus, and rotate the instrument to make the curved wall6opposite to the mucous and tissues of the rectocele, namely, to block the normal tissues from falling into the hollow interior of the main body1by the curved wall6. Secondly, perform purse-string suture for the tissues of the rectocele with a curved needle; afterwards, put the circular stapler at the operating site and pull the mucous and tissues sutured into the cavity of the circular stapler through the opening4; then cut and suture the mucous and tissues of the rectocele with the circular stapler, finally now the mucous and tissues of the rectocele are cut and the wound is closed tightly. The operation is simple, fast and effective.

It should be understood that the present invention may be implemented in other embodiments than those described above. Any equivalent substitutions or variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims. For example, the handles in the first and the second embodiments can be applied to other embodiments. Similarly, the wavy projections in the third embodiment can applied to the first and the second embodiments. Moreover, the main body1of the present invention can be made into other streamlined shapes, in addition to the cylindrical and the conical shapes described in the embodiments. The chamfer in the fourth embodiment can be omitted, and the main body can be inserted into the patient's body directly. The number of the openings is not limited to one or two that is described in the embodiments but can be more.