Pattern monitoring method and apparatus

A pattern monitoring method and apparatus wherein the movements of each individual yarn are detected and recorded. A piece of textile goods is produced, and all the yarn movements for making that piece are recorded, that record being then used as a standard. Additional pieces are made, and the yarn movements during the making of the additional pieces are detected and similarly recorded. The movements may, immediately or eventually be compared to the standard. An error signal is given when there is no match; however, an allowable error can be selected so that the error signal is given only when the error is greater than the selected allowable error. The error signal can be a light, or may be a stop motion device.

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT 
In the textile industry, there are several situations in which a particular 
pattern is produced, as by knitting, and the pattern is to be repeated a 
plurality of times. In such apparatus, it is known in the art to utilize 
stop motion means, the stop motion means commonly being utilized to 
monitor the presence of a yarn. Thus, if the yarn breaks, or the supply is 
exhausted, the yarn is no longer present and the stop motion means will 
cause operation of the knitting machine to stop. 
While the stop motion means is effective in detecting the one type of 
problem, there are numerous situations in which the conventional stop 
motion means is not adequate to prevent the manufacture of defective 
goods. For example, the yarn may be broken, but held so that the yarn is 
continuous through the stop motion device. Also, the yarns may be in 
place, but there may be a defect in the apparatus that causes improper 
feeding of the yarns. In either event, the apparatus continues to operate 
as if normal, but the goods produced are defective, and must be discarded. 
The only conventional means for detecting such defective goods is a visual 
inspection. Thus, as the textile industry attempts to utilize fewer 
employees with greater automation, there is a greater liklihood for the 
production of unusable goods. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates generally to pattern monitoring means, and is more 
particularly concerned with a method and apparatus whereby the movement of 
yarns for providing a predetermined pattern is stored; and, the stored 
information may be compared against current yarn movement to determine if 
the current pattern is correct. 
The present invention provides a monitoring system including a plurality of 
yarn motion sensors. During the creation of one pattern, the yarn motions 
are monitored, and the motions are stored to provide a standard pattern. 
Subsequently, as a pattern is produced, the motions of the yarns are 
compared against the motions for the standard pattern. If a yarn moves 
when it ought not to move, or fails to move when it ought to move, 
signalling means can be activated either to signal an operator or stop the 
machine. An acceptable range of error, or margin, may be included to allow 
a selected amount of variation from the standard pattern.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT 
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and to that embodiment of 
the invention here presented by way of illustration, FIG. 1 shows a 
knitting machine 10 by way of example. It will be understood that any 
machine having yarn usage in fixed patterns may be utilized with the 
present invention, but one application is in the use of a knitting machine 
wherein a plurality of yarns 11 is utilized to knit a sock or the like. 
The knitting machine 10 receives the plurality of yarns 11 from a creel 12 
or other yarn supply. This arrangement is well known to those skilled in 
the art, and no detailed description is throught to be necessary. 
In conjunction with each of the yarns 11, there is a yarn motion monitoring 
means 14. When the monitoring means 14 detects motion of a yarn 11, a 
signal is fed to the computer generally designated at 15. 
It will be recognized that the knitting machine 10 may operate at varying 
speeds; therefore, a signal must be produced by the knitting machine 10 
and fed to the computer 15. Since the computer 15 will memorize the 
signals from the monitoring means 14 as a function of time, a comparable 
time signal must be fed from the knitting machine 10 so the computer can 
always reproduce a given yarn length. 
In the event a problem is detected by the computer 15, the alarm and/or 
stop motion means 16 may be activated, and may be utilized to stop the 
knitting machine. 
Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawings, the computer is illustrated at 15, 
and the bus 18 is provided with random access memory (RAM) 19 for 
manipulation of data, and a read only memory (ROM) 20 for storage of 
programming and the like. It will be understood that various data to be 
fed to the computer 15 will be placed on the bus 18, and the various 
apparatus to be operated by the computer 15 will be operated from the bus 
18. Though some apparatus is shown as connected directly to the computer 
15 rather than to the bus 18, it should be understood that this is for 
convenience only, and those skilled in the art will understand the 
provision of signals to and from the computer 15. 
For security, there may be provided a key switch 21 for access by only 
authorized personnel. The switch 21 can operate a reset circuit 22 to 
reset the computer 15, eliminating all stored patterns so the process can 
begin at the beginning. 
It will also be seen that there is a standard board indicated at 24 for 
parallelling computers such as the computer 15. There are here shown two 
modular jacks 25 and 26 indicating means for connecting additional 
computers 15 in parallel. With this arrangement, several machines can be 
operated in tandem, or the data can be fed to a mainframe computer for 
detailed analysis and/or storage if desired. 
In operation of the present invention, it will be understood that an 
indication of the beginning of a pattern is required. In machines such as 
knitting machines, those skilled in the art will understand that there is 
a plurality of cams, the cams being used to create, or determine, the 
particular pattern being knit. One cam on the knitter determines the 
beginning of a cycle; therefore a switch 28 is placed on this particular 
cam to provide a signal to the computer 15 indicating that a pattern is 
being started. Thus, the cam switch indicated at 28 provides a signal at 
the beginning of each pattern. Because the cam switch may utilize a 
different voltage and different power from that tolerated by the computer 
15, the cam switch 28 is fed through an opto-isolator 29, thence to the 
computer 15. 
The opto-isolator 29 is a conventional piece of apparatus generally 
including a light source such as a light emitting diode (LED) in 
conjunction with a phototransistor. The phototransistor can then be 
operated at the appropriate power and voltage for the computer 15 to 
prevent damage. 
It is inherent in computers that the primary operation is in accordance 
with time. Thus, as was mentioned briefly in conjunction with FIG. 1 of 
the drawings, there must be a signal from the knitting machine 10 to the 
computer 15 to indicate the speed for the knitting machine in order to 
maintain synchronism in the pattern. In FIG. 2 of the drawings there is a 
jack 30 which is the input for the timing signal. While many forms of 
timing signal may be utilized by those skilled in the art, one simple 
arrangement utilized in the present invention is to place a proximity 
sensor adjacent to a pulley or the like on the knitting machine. As the 
bolt heads pass the proximity sensor, a signal will be generated, the 
plurality of signals yielding an indication of the speed of the knitting 
machine. The jack 30 may therefore be referred to hereinafter as the 
proximity input. 
As before, there is an opto-isolator 32 to adjust the voltage and power 
from the proximity input 30 to that required for the computer 15. The 
opto-isolator provides a signal to the eight-bit counter 31, the 
information from the counter 32 being stored in a latch 34. Information is 
then read from the latch 34 by the computer 15 through the bus 18. 
It is contemplated that the apparatus of the present invention can be 
utilized with almost any number of yarns. For convenience in manufacture, 
the yarn sensors are grouped in groups of 8 sensors, and one group of 
eight is illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings; however, the connector 35 
will allow connection of additional groups like the group illustrated in 
FIG. 2. 
It will be seen that the line 36 is connected to the bus 18 through the 
connector 38. The yarn sensors 14 detect yarn motion, pass a signal 
through the opto-isolator 40 and place the information in the latch 41. 
The line 36 then provides means for reading information from the latch 41 
into the computer 15. The group of LED's indicated at 42 provides a visual 
indication of operation or not of the yarn sensors. 
Realizing that information from the yarn sensors must be timed, signals are 
passed to the yarn sensors 14 from line 36, signals being first stored in 
a latch 44, and passed through opto-isolators 45 to current drivers 46. 
The current drivers 46 are then connected to the yarn sensors 14, and a 
bank of LED's 48 illustrates the condition at any given instant. 
It will be realized that a pattern will never be repeated precisely, but 
there will always be some amount of error. A certain amount of error is 
allowed in the reproduction of a pattern, but there must be some 
threshhold beyond which the pattern will be considered as a reject. This 
threshhold is rather variable, depending on individual standards, types of 
goods, etc. Therefore, the computer programming preferably allows 
selection of the accepted variance from the preferred or standard pattern. 
The particular error, or margin, can be varied by the user through 
manipulation of the pushbuttons 49, the "display" indicating the margin 
set for repeatability. 
With the above description in mind, it should now be understood that the 
use of the apparatus requires that a pattern be produced and memorized. 
Thus, referring to FIG. 3 of the drawings it will be seen that the system 
is initialized, and the first inquiry is whether or not a margin adjust 
button is being pushed. It the answer is "yes", the margin is adjusted up 
or down, and the adjustment of the margin is displayed. Once the margin 
has been properly adjusted and the button released, the answer will be 
"no" so that the next inquiry is whether or not the cam switch has closed. 
The cam switch 28 indicates the beginning of a cycle, so the memorizing of 
a pattern ought not to be started until the cam switch has closed 
indicating the beginning of the pattern. Thus, if the inquiry results in a 
"no", there is a loop back to the earlier inquiry. 
Once the cam switch 28 closes, the opening of the cam switch will initiate 
the pattern, so the system waits for the cam switch to open. Once the cam 
switch opens, the pattern is fed into memory. 
From the reading into memory, the next inquiry is whether or not the cam 
switch has once again closed. This will indicate the end of the pattern, 
so that a "yes" answer allows the system to look to the pattern comparison 
while a "no" answer directs the system to the inquiry as to whether or not 
a timing pulse has occurred. If there has been no timing pulse, the system 
returns to the inquiry about the cam switch, while if the timing pulse has 
occurred the direction is to read the pattern into a temporary memory 
location (TM). Following the placing of the pattern in temporary memory, 
the system compares the pattern in temporary memory with the pattern at 
the pattern pointer (PP) location. If the determination is that the 
patterns are the same, the system goes to the next step and increments the 
pattern counter (PC) for this counter, whereas if the patterns do not 
match, the system increments the pattern pointer. From the incrementing of 
the pattern pointer, the system saves this pattern in memory utilizing the 
pattern pointer as an index. Then, there is an inquiry as to whether or 
not the end of memory has been reached. If the determination is "yes", an 
error is displayed and the system waits for the reset, whereas if the 
answer is "no" the system returns to the beginning of a pattern and 
inquires whether or not the cam switch has closed. 
It will therefore be seen that the system can be operated, the knitting 
machine 10 knitting a pattern, and the pattern will be stored in memory. 
If there is an error in the course of knitting the first pattern, the 
system will be reset, and a new pattern will be started. This process will 
continue until a pattern has been successfully knitted to provide a 
standard pattern in the memory. 
Once there is a standard pattern in memory, subsequent patterns are to be 
compared to the standard pattern. The comparison system is illustrated in 
FIG. 4 of the drawings, the first block being connected to the "yes" 
response in FIG. 3 as indicated. 
The first block in FIG. 4 indicates that the system will save the current 
value of a pattern pointer to the last pattern in the sequence (PLP). 
Next, the system will reset the pattern pointer to the first pattern. 
Next, a temporary pattern counter (TPC) is set equal to the pattern 
counter (PC) for the current pattern being knit. The system next inquires 
if the cam switch is closed indicating the end of the preceding pattern. 
If the answer is "yes", the system returns to the step of resetting the 
pattern pointer, while if the answer is "no" there is an inquiry if a 
timing pulse has occurred. If the answer is "no", the system returns to 
the inquiry as to whether the cam switch has closed, while if the answer 
is "yes" the system continues to read the current pattern. 
After reading current pattern, there is an inquiry as to whether the 
current pattern matches the pattern that the pattern pointer is 
indicating. If the answer is "yes", the good match counter (GMC) is 
incremented, whereas if the pattern does not match, the bad match, counter 
(BMC) is incremented. 
After one of the counters, the GMC or the BMC, is incremented, the next 
step is to decrement the temporary pattern counter. After the TPC is 
decremented, there is an inquiry as to whether or not the TPC is equal to 
zero. If it is not, the system returns to the inquiry as to whether the 
cam switch has closed, and if it is equal to zero there is an inquiry as 
to whether the GMC is greater than zero. If the response is "yes", the 
next inquiry is whether or not the BMC is less than the margin. If the 
answer to this last inquiry is "yes", the pattern pointer is incremented 
to the next pattern. If the answer to either inquiry is negative, an error 
is indicated on the display, and the alarm or stop motion 16 will be 
activated. 
Following the incrementing of the pattern pointer to the next pattern, the 
GMC and the BMC are cleared, and there is then the inquiry as to whether 
this was the last pattern, which is to say whether the pattern pointer is 
equal to the last pattern in the sequence (PLP). If the answer is "yes", 
the system waits for the cam switch to open, then returns to reset the 
pattern pointer to the first pattern. If the answer as to PLP is "no", the 
system goes to the step of setting a temporary pattern counter equal to 
the pattern counter for this pattern. 
From the foregoing, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the 
art that the method and apparatus of the present invention provide for the 
memorizing of each yarn motion in the appropriate sequence when the 
desired pattern is prepared. The system can be repeated several times if 
required in order to record as nearly as possible a perfect pattern to be 
utilized as a standard. Once the standard pattern is in memory, the 
knitting machine or other apparatus can be operated at any desired speed, 
the proximity input 30 providing information so the yarn motions are 
always taken in accordance with the given machine speed. 
Because each motion of each yarn is monitored, the present invention can 
detect an error when a yarn is in place but not being fed properly into 
the machine, though the device will also detect the absence of a yarn due 
to yarn breakage or the like. Furthermore, if some error in the machine 
causes the feeding of an improper yarn at a given instant, the present 
invention will also detect that error and allow correction before numerous 
bad patterns are created. 
It will of course be understood by those skilled in the art that the 
particular embodiment of the invention here presented is by way of 
illustration only, and is meant to be in no way restrictive; therefore, 
numerous changes and modifications may be made, and the full use of 
equivalents resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the 
invention as outlined in the appended claims.