Container filling apparatus with selectively communicated chambers

Liquid from a supply tank B flows into a container C via outer and central annular chambers 14, 8 of filling apparatus A. Communication between the chambers is controlled by a flexible diaphragm 5 selectively urged against an annular seat 15 on a wall 10 separating the chambers in response to air pressure supplied to a chamber 23 on an opposite side of the diaphragm.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to an apparatus for filling containers with 
noncarbonated liquids and having a separate air return, thereby avoiding 
any contamination of the liquid being bottled by the air removed from the 
container during the filling process. 
The prior art teaches various filling devices in which the air in the 
bottle or container is removed through a vent without being returned to 
the liquid supply tank. However, known devices of this type involve losses 
of the liquid being bottled that are not tolerable when the commercial 
value of the liquid is high. Furthermore, such devices are mechanically 
operated using sliding joints which, in addition to problems of mechanical 
construction, pose considerable problems of bacterial growth. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
This invention thus provides an apparatus for filling containers with 
noncarbonated liquids that is simple to produce, by reducing the number of 
parts needed for its manufacture, and aseptic, while simultaneously 
maintaining an acceptable rate at which containers can be filled. The 
apparatus includes central and outer annular chambers selectively 
communicated by a flexible diaphragm engageable with an annular seat on a 
wall separating the chambers in response to air pressure on the opposite 
side of the diaphragm.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, filling apparatus A of the invention is 
designed to fill a container C, made of plastic or other material and 
supported by raising means D, with liquid from a supply tank B. 
As illustrated in FIG. 2, filling apparatus A consists of a body 1 having 
axis X--X, an electric sensor 2 coaxial with and pasing through body 1 
from top to bottom, a coaxial sleeve 3 for the evacuation of air from the 
container C, a liquid flow sleeve 4, and a membrane 5 made of an elastomer 
or another flexible material. The membrane 5 preferably consists of a 
circular washer with axis X--X containing a coaxial, circular, center hole 
0. 
Body 1 contains a coaxial opening 6 in its upper surface, and a coaxial 
lower opening 7. Openings 6 and 7 lead into a central chamber 8 bounded by 
a ceiling consisting of an annular surface 9 joining a vertical wall 10 
across a surface of revolution 11 forming the periphery of the coaxial 
central chamber 8. Below, the chamber is bounded by a floor 12 that meets 
lower opening 7 across a shoulder 13. 
The central chamber 8 communicates with a coaxial peripheral chamber 14 
through an annular passageway between a lower surface or seat 15 of wall 
10 and floor 12, which exeends radially beyond the wall 10. At its upper 
end the chamber 14 is bounded by an annular surface 16. In the embodiment 
shown in FIG. 2, the cross-section of surface 16 is curved, but it could 
be straight. Inward toward axis X--X, surface 16 meets a surface of 
revolution 17. Together with surfaces 15 and 11, the surface 17 forms wall 
10. At its outer periphery the annular chamber 14 is bounded by a surface 
of revolution 18 extending between floor 12 and the ceiling surface 16. A 
tube 19 empties into chamber 14, connecting the latter with liquid supply 
tank B. 
Thus, filling apparatus A has a body 1 consisting of a central chamber 8 
with vertical axis X--X that communicates with a peripheral chamber 14 
through an annular passageway created between (i) the wall 10 separating 
central chamber 8 from peripheral chamber 14 and forming seat 15, and (ii) 
a floor surface 12 in the central chamber that extends radially beyond 
wall 10 into the peripheral chamber. 
Near floor 12, an annular groove 20 is provided in the periphery of surface 
18 between floor 12 and the opening of tube 19 into peripheral chamber 14. 
This annular groove corresponds to a mold line between upper section 100 
and lower section 101 of body 1. 
In addition, a conduit 22 opens into peripheral chamber 14 or into central 
chamber 8 through floor 12. The conduit 22 is connected through a solenoid 
valve E to a source of pressurized gas (not shown). 
Sleeve 4, extending from shoulder 13 and through opening 7, provides a 
means of fastening the inner edge of membrane 5 against the shoulder. The 
outer edge of membrane 5 is set in the annular groove 20. 
The seat surface 15 of wall 10 is located halfway between shoulder 13 and 
groove 20. A gap of a few millimeters is provided between the upper 
surface of membrane 5 and surface 15. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, membrane 
5, set within peripheral chamber 14 and extending radially toward axis 
X--X beyond wall 10, forms together with floor surface 12 a deformable 
annular chamber 23. 
Sleeve 3, fastened in a leaktight manner to body 1 at the opening 6, 
extends downward through sleeve 4 to a level below that of sleeve 4. 
Electric sensor 2 passes through sleeve 3 from top to bottom. An annular 
conduit 24 is defined between sensor 2 and the inside surface of sleeve 3. 
The conduit 24, whose lower end opens at a point below sleeve 4, vents to 
the atmosphere at its upper end through opening 25. Because the internal 
diameter of sleeve 4 is greater than the external diameter of sleeve 3, an 
annular channel 26 connects central chamber 8 with the exterior of filling 
apparatus A. 
Finally, a sensor P for detecting the proximity of the container C that is 
to be filled may be attached to filling apparatus A. In the embodiment 
shown in FIG. 1, detector P is fastened to body 1, but it might also be 
independent thereof, and be placed instead on raising means D. 
The variant shown in FIG. 3 represents an adaptation of the invention to a 
filling device equipped with a long, hollow needle. In this variant, 
sleeve 3 and sensor 2 have been eliminated and opening 6 has also 
disappeared. Furthermore, sleeve 4 has been replaced by a long, hollow 
needle 41 made of a nonconducting material, onto the outside of which is 
fastened a sensor 42. 
In the variant shown in FIG. 4 sections 100 and 101 of body 1 have been 
inverted. Thus, opening 7 has been eliminated and a long, hollow needle 
411 has been fastened to opening 6 and equipped with a sensor 42. Membrane 
5 no longer contains a central hole 0. 
In a rest condition, i.e., when no container C is being filled, pressurized 
air forced through conduit 22 into annular chamber 23 by solenoid valve E 
presses membrane 5 against seat 15 of wall 10. Therefore, the liquid being 
bottled, flowing into peripheral chamber 14 through tube 19, cannot flow 
through central chamber 8 and annular conduit 26 into a container C. 
When raising means D lifts container C to a point at which sleeve 4 enters 
the neck of the container and the latter seats against the underside of 
the filling apparatus, proximity detector P triggers solenoid valve E 
which causes the pressure in annular chamber 23 to drop. With membrane 5 
no longer touching seat 15 of wall 10, peripheral chamber 14 is placed in 
communication with central chamber 8. Liquid may then flow into container 
C through the annular conduit 26 formed by the inner surface of sleeve 4 
and the outer surface of sleeve 3. The air trapped in the container is 
able to escape through opening 25 via annular conduit 24 formed between 
sleeve 3 and sensor 2. Thus, the air in the container being filled is not 
removed to the liquid supply tank, nor is any of the liquid being bottled 
lost in the cours of the operation. 
When the liquid reaches the level of sensor 2, the latter triggers solenoid 
valve E, which repressurizes annular chamber 23, causing membrane 5 to be 
pressed once more against seat 15 of wall 10. The filling of container C 
is then complete and a new cycle may begin. 
Using the apparatus of the invention, the filling operation is accomplished 
under highly hygienic conditions created by the separate return of air and 
the absence of moving parts, and thus of joints, which constitute breeding 
grounds for bacteria. Washing the apparatus is very simple, since one 
simply cuts off the supply of pressurized gas to annular chamber 23, thus 
opening the passage between the chambers and placing the apparatus in a 
condition to be washed. In addition, the apparatus entails no loss of 
liquid since, by its very principle, the feed is stopped as soon as the 
necessary quantity of liquid has been provided. 
Furthermore, the FIG. 2 embodiment works perfectly, even in the absence of 
leaktight contact between the neck of container C being filled and filling 
means A. In the FIGS. 3 and 4 variants the container neck is not seated 
against the underside of the filling apparatus, and the air simply exits 
through the open neck. Finally, since only a few cubic centimeters of air 
are required in annular chamber 23 under membrane 5 in order to close the 
annular passage between chambers 8 and 14, the apparatus has a shut-off 
time on the order of 20 milliseconds despite the fact that pneumatic means 
are usually deemed to be slow.