COUPLING FOR PIPES, FLUID FLOW SYSTEM INCLUDING THE COUPLING, AND METHOD OF REDUCING CONTAMINATION OF WATER

Disclosed is a system and a method for reducing or eliminating lead and other harmful materials in water. The system is configured for fluid flow where the system includes: a semi-rigid pipe (SRP) disposed inside a first existing pipe; two coupling assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the ends of the SRP. Each assembly includes: a coupling with a nipple configured to receive and be disposed inside the SRP; and a compression nut that includes an inner surface that tapers inward such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal.

BACKGROUND

Pipes that are not easily or economically accessible can need to be replaced for several reasons. As a non-limiting example, water pipes running underground between a water main and a residence can be buried several feet below the ground surface. Further, these pipes can contain lead (Pb) or other harmful substances that contaminate residential drinking, cooking, and bathing water. Further, aging pipes, including aging lead pipes can be deteriorating with hairline fractures, cracks, and voids. Communities, governments, water authorities, and other entities seek to reduce water contamination and the resulting loss in a fiscally-responsible manner.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One or more aspects of the present invention provide a system comprising: a semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube with a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe configured to be disposed inside a first existing pipe; a pair of coupling assemblies comprising first and second coupling assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the first and second ends, respectively, of the semi-rigid pipe, each coupling assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; and a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, and wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a method that comprises: providing the system of the first aspect; passing the semi-rigid pipe through the first existing pipe; coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of the additional existing pipes using a respective coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies by: sliding the compression nut over the respective end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal end of the coupling to the respective additional existing pipe; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; threading the compression nut onto the coupling, pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple; and wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe, and wherein the system is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from a first to a second of the two additional existing pipes, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a coupling assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with a first existing pipe; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; and a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers down from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, wherein the coupling assembly is configured to be disposed over and sealingly coupled to an end of the semi-rigid pipe, wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe, and wherein the coupling assembly is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the semi-rigid pipe to a second existing pipe disposed, providing a channel for fluid flow between the semi-rigid pipe and a second existing pipe disposed at the distal end of the coupling. In one or more aspects, the taper on the inner surface is smooth.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a method comprising: providing a system configured for fluid flow, the system comprising: a semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube with a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe configured to be disposed inside the at least one underground pipe; a pair of coupling assemblies comprising first and second assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the first and second ends, respectively, of the semi-rigid pipe, each assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, passing the semi-rigid pipe through the at least one underground pipe; coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of the additional existing pipes using a respective coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies by: sliding the compression nut over the respective end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal end of the coupling to the respective additional existing pipe; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; and threading the compression nut onto the coupling, pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; and wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a system comprising: a semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube with a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe configured to be disposed inside an existing lead pipe; a pair of coupling assemblies comprising first and second assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the first and second ends, respectively, of the semi-rigid pipe, each assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; and a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; and wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION

Municipal water systems supply water through a system of reservoirs, aqueducts, pipes, and the like. Commonly, a water main line, or “water main” is buried along a road, either underneath the road or alongside the road. Burial depths can vary due to climate of the particular area. In front of residential or commercial structures (“consumers”), a box is inserted to allow the consumer to receive water from the municipal water system. This box is variously known as a Buffalo box (or b-box, for short), a curb box, a valve box, or some similar designation.

In many communities, the pipe running from the b-box to the consumer can contain or can be made of lead, which is known for its toxicity. For other consumers, the pipe coming from the b-box can be corroded and in need of replacement.

Excavating to uncover such pipes, removing, and replacing them can be costly, time-consuming, damaging to building foundations and landscaping, disruptive to motor and foot traffic, and a potential safety and/or environmental hazard.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide a system, a device, and a method capable of remediating toxic and/or decaying water infrastructure from the water main to the b-box as well as from the b-box to the house while reducing or eliminating many or all of the drawbacks of excavating to remove and replace a pipe.

Rather than excavating a pipe to remove it, one can instead disconnect the lead pipe at both ends and insert a semi-rigid pipe (SRP) through the pipe to be bypassed. This method can prevent lead or other contaminants from entering the water and water from leaking out. Coupling assemblies at either end of the semi-rigid pipe can be used to join the semi-rigid pipe to the existing pipes (or other type of plumbing) at either end, for instance, to the b-box at the outdoor, or external, end and the water meter or other indoor plumbing in the house (the internal end), perhaps the basement. The coupling assembly at either end can mate to either a threaded or an unthreaded existing pipe. For example, to mate with an unthreaded copper pipe, the end of the copper pipe can be flared and a coupler designed to mate with a flared pipe can be used in the coupling assembly. If the plumbing is threaded, the coupler designed for threaded coupling could be included in the coupling assembly.

In one or more aspects of the invention, the coupling assembly is used in conjunction with a semi-rigid pipe. Any suitable semi-rigid pipe can be used. The semi-rigid pipe can comprise a fibrous material, for example, a woven or non-woven material to be part of or embedded within a flexible pipe to provide adequate tensile strength and flexibility. The semi-rigid pipe provides a permeability barrier to the water being treated. Any suitable woven or non-woven material can be present. For example, the woven or non-woven material can be Kevlar®, glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, and the like along with combinations of materials. The flexible pipe material can be any suitable plastic material including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated PVC, polybutylene, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), for example, Elastolan™, each of which could be crosslinked or uncrosslinked.

In an aspect, examples of polymers constituting semi-rigid pipes include Cellulose Acetate Butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC. For example, semi-rigid pipes can have a flex modulus of 0.25×105psi or higher, in particular from 0.5 to 5×105psi, or 1 to 3×105psi. A semi-rigid pipe can be comprised of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer. Properties of one TPU are presented below in Tables 1-3 andFIGS.16and17.

A semi-rigid pipe can also be comprised of other materials such as any woven, extruded and/or coated conduit.

In the present disclosure, a semi-rigid pipe describes a tube capable of varying its shape along its length without undergoing irreversible deformation. Such a tube can have its cross-section deformed, for example, into a U-shape, and return to an expanded shape such as an essentially circular cross-section. Semi-rigid pipes have one or more of the following properties: high resistance to crushing and/or cracking; excellent flex fatigue resistance; high bend radius; increased kinking resistance; and low moisture resistance. A semi-rigid pipe in one non-limiting example can pass through a rigid pipe, such as a metal pipe, that has bends, narrowings, and other variations and not be permanently deformed in the process.

While the present disclosure refers to lead pipes as a non-limiting example of a pipe to be bypassed, other types of pipe can be bypassed by one or more of the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods.

The system, including the semi-rigid pipe and the two coupling assemblies, can be National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)-61 approved. More generally, the system can be NSF/ANSI/CAN 61-approved where ANSI is the American National Standards Institute and CAN is the National Standard of Canada.

In a first aspect, a system comprising: a semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube with a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe configured to be disposed inside a first existing pipe; a pair of coupling assemblies comprising first and second coupling assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the first and second ends, respectively, of the semi-rigid pipe, each coupling assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; and a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes, and wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

In a second aspect, the system of the first aspect, further comprising a sleeve associated with each coupling assembly, each sleeve comprising: a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp over the first existing pipe; and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp over the proximal end of the compression nut.

In a third aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein: at least one coupling assembly further comprises a flare nut, the flare nut comprising: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of the respective coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to facilitate threading the flare nut over the coupling, wherein at least one additional existing pipe comprises a flared proximal end, and wherein the coupling further comprises a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe.

In a fourth aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein at least one of the coupling, the compression nut, the nut, and the sleeve comprises at least one of brass, steel, or plastic.

In a fifth aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein an outer surface of the nipple is smooth.

In a sixth aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein the sleeve comprises a plurality of shells that when assembled form a tubular shape, and wherein the plurality of shells are held together by a plurality of fasteners.

In a seventh aspect, the system of the sixth aspect, wherein the fasteners comprise bolts configured to be received by complementary holes in adjacent pairs of shells.

In an eighth aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein the fluid comprises water.

In a ninth aspect, the system of the eighth aspect, wherein the fluid comprises potable water.

In a tenth aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein the first existing pipe comprises toxic material.

In an eleventh aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein the first additional existing pipe comprises a Buffalo box of a water supply system and the second additional existing pipe comprises a water line in a residential or commercial structure.

In a twelfth aspect, a method comprising: providing the system of the first aspect; passing the semi-rigid pipe through the first existing pipe; coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of the additional existing pipes using a respective coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies by: sliding the compression nut over the respective end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal end of the coupling to the respective additional existing pipe; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; threading the compression nut onto the coupling, pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple; and wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe, and wherein the system is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from a first to a second of the two additional existing pipes, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes.

In a thirteenth aspect, the method of the twelfth aspect, further comprising: providing a sleeve comprising: a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp over the first existing pipe; and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp over the proximal end of the compression nut; and clamping the first and second sleeve ends over the first existing pipe and the proximal end of the compression nut, respectively.

In a fourteenth aspect, the method of the thirteenth aspect, further comprising removing any twist in the semi-rigid pipe.

In a fifteenth aspect, the method of the thirteenth aspect, further comprising at least one flare nut, the at least one flare nut comprising: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of the respective coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to facilitate threading the flare nut over the coupling, wherein the coupling further comprises a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe, wherein for at least one coupling assembly, connecting the distal end of the coupling to the respective additional existing pipe comprises: sliding the at least one flare nut over the respective additional existing pipe; flaring the proximal end of the respective additional existing pipe; mating the flared proximal end of the respective additional existing pipe to the distal end of the coupling; and threading the flare nut onto the distal end of the coupling.

In a sixteenth aspect, a coupling assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside a semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with a first existing pipe; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; and a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers down from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, wherein the coupling assembly is configured to be disposed over and sealingly coupled to an end of the semi-rigid pipe, wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe, and wherein the coupling assembly is configured to form a fluid-tight seal from the semi-rigid pipe to a second existing pipe disposed, providing a channel for fluid flow between the semi-rigid pipe and a second existing pipe disposed at the distal end of the coupling.

In a seventeenth aspect, the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, further comprising a flare nut, the flare nut comprising: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of the respective coupling and sealingly connect the first existing pipe to the coupling distal end; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to facilitate threading the flare nut onto the coupling, wherein the first existing pipe comprises a flared proximal end, and wherein the coupling further comprises a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the first existing pipe.

In an eighteenth aspect, the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, wherein the coupling, the compression nut, the nut, and the sleeve comprises at least one of brass, steel, or plastic.

In a nineteenth aspect, the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, wherein an outer surface of the nipple is smooth.

In a twentieth aspect, the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, wherein the sleeve comprises a plurality of shells that when assembled form a tubular shape, and wherein the plurality of shells are held together by a plurality of fasteners.

In a twenty-first aspect, the assembly of the twentieth aspect, wherein the fasteners comprise bolts configured to be received by complementary holes in adjacent pairs of shells.

In a twenty-second aspect, the assembly of the sixteenth aspect, wherein the fluid comprises water.

In a twenty-third aspect, the assembly of the twenty-second aspect, wherein the fluid comprises potable water.

In a twenty-fourth aspect, a method comprising: providing a system configured for fluid flow, the system comprising: a semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube with a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe configured to be disposed inside the at least one underground pipe; a pair of coupling assemblies comprising first and second assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the first and second ends, respectively, of the semi-rigid pipe, each assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, passing the semi-rigid pipe through the at least one underground pipe; coupling the semi-rigid pipe at each end of the semi-rigid pipe to a respective pipe of the additional existing pipes using a respective coupling assembly of the pair of coupling assemblies by: sliding the compression nut over the respective end of the semi-rigid pipe; connecting the distal end of the coupling to the respective additional existing pipe; sliding the semi-rigid pipe over the nipple; and threading the compression nut onto the coupling, pressing the semi-rigid pipe onto the nipple, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; and wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

In a twenty-fifth aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect; further comprising: providing a sleeve comprising: a first sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp over the at least one underground pipe; and a second sleeve end configured to receive and securely clamp over the proximal end of the compression nut; and clamping the first and second sleeve ends over the at least one underground pipe and the proximal end of the compression nut, respectively.

In a twenty-sixth aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect, further comprising removing any twist in the semi-rigid pipe.

In a twenty-seventh aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect, further comprising at least one flare nut, the at least one flare nut comprising: an internally threaded proximal end configured to mate with the second external thread of the respective coupling and sealingly connect one of the additional existing pipes to the respective coupling distal end; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to facilitate threading the flare nut over the coupling, wherein the coupling further comprises a distal end shaped to mate with the flared proximal end of the at least one additional existing pipe, wherein for at least one coupling assembly, connecting the distal end of the coupling to the respective additional existing pipe comprises: sliding the at least one flare nut over the respective additional existing pipe; flaring the proximal end of the respective additional existing pipe; mating the flared proximal end of the respective additional existing pipe to the distal end of the coupling; and threading the flare nut onto the distal end of the coupling.

In a twenty-eighth aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of a group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

In a twenty-ninth aspect, the method of the twelfth aspect, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of a group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

In a thirtieth aspect, the coupling assembly of the sixteenth aspect, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of a group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

In a thirty-first aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect, wherein the semi-rigid pipe comprises at least one of a group comprising cellulose acetate butyrate, ABS, PVDF, RCO, PET, polypropylene, HDPE, thermoplastic polyurethane, and PVC.

In a thirty-second aspect, the system of the first aspect, wherein the nipple is tapered to conform to the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

In a thirty-third aspect, the method of the twelfth aspect, wherein the nipple is tapered to conform to the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

In a thirty-fourth aspect, the coupling assembly of the sixteenth aspect, wherein the nipple is tapered to conform to the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

In a thirty-fifth aspect, the method of the twenty-fourth aspect, wherein the nipple is tapered to conform to the tapered inner surface of the compression nut.

In a thirty-sixth aspect, a system comprising: a semi-rigid pipe comprising a flexible tube with a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the semi-rigid pipe configured to be disposed inside an existing lead pipe; a pair of coupling assemblies comprising first and second assemblies disposed over and sealingly coupled to the first and second ends, respectively, of the semi-rigid pipe, each assembly comprising: a coupling comprising: a coupling proximal end including: a nipple with a first outer diameter and configured to receive by friction-tight fit and be disposed inside the semi-rigid pipe; and a first external thread with a diameter greater than an outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe and disposed at the distal end of the nipple; a coupling distal end disposed opposite the coupling proximal end including a second external thread and configured to form a fluid-tight seal with one of two additional existing pipes; an intermediary section disposed between the first external thread and the second external thread and configured to allow the coupling to be held and threaded securely; and a compression nut comprising: a compression nut distal end that includes: internal threads configured to mate with the first external threads of the coupling; and an outer surface configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut to thread over the coupling; a compression nut proximal end disposed opposite the compression nut distal end; and an inner surface that tapers inward from the compression nut distal end to the compression nut proximal end such that threading the compression nut onto the coupling presses the semi-rigid pipe against the nipple to form a fluid-tight seal, wherein the system is configured to be fluid-tight from the first additional existing pipe to the second additional existing pipe, providing a channel for fluid flow between the two additional existing pipes; and wherein proximal and distal refer to position relative to the semi-rigid pipe.

In a thirty-seventh aspect, a supersystem comprising: a plurality of systems of the first aspect, wherein adjacent systems of the plurality of systems are configured to be disposed on opposite ends of existing plumbing and to allow fluid flow from a first end of the supersystem to a second end of the supersystem.

In a thirty-eighth aspect, the supersystem of the thirty-seventh aspect, wherein the plurality of systems comprises two systems and the existing plumbing comprises a b-box.

FIG.1Adepicts a semi-rigid pipe100with a first end110and a second end120opposite the first end. The SRP can have a lower friction value (e.g., Manning “N” value) than existing pipes through which the SRP passes, creating a smoother conduit for conveyance of fluids like water.

FIG.1Bdepicts a semi-rigid pipe100collapsed into a U-shape and held in the position with periodic straps130. The collapsed U-shape allows the semi-rigid pipe100to be inserted through a second pipe140, for example, a lead pipe. Upon pressurizing the semi-rigid pipe100, the straps130will burst and allow the semi-rigid pipe100to expand to fill the second pipe140.

The SRP can fit pipes of ½-inch diameter or greater, though there is no technical reason prohibiting smaller diameter pipes being fit.

FIG.2provides a cross-sectional view of a remediated site. A house204receives water from the water main208buried below the street212. A b-box216provides access to a water shutoff valve220. Prior to remediation, water flowed into the house204through a lead water line (pipe)224. During the remediation process according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, a semi-rigid pipe100has been inserted inside the water line224. The semi-rigid pipe100serves as a barrier between the water line224and the water that flows into the plumbing system228of the house204. Unlike the remove-and-replace method of remediation, which requires excavation at least from the b-box216to the basement228, the excavation232needed to perform the remediation of the present disclosure is only the much smaller area immediately around the b-box216. Further, the remove-and-replace method of remediation requires removing the existing pipe224through the basement foundation and inserting a new water line with the possibility of damage to the foundation. The semi-rigid pipe100is connected to the existing water pipes236,240in the house204and at the b-box212with an interior coupling assembly (ICA)244and an exterior coupling assembly (ECA)248, respectively. Both coupling assemblies, interior244and exterior248can function at either end of the semi-rigid pipe100. However, the two coupling assemblies244,248can differ in how they connect (couple) to existing water pipes. The interior coupling assembly244can connect directly to the water meter without an intermediate section of pipe to reduce the opportunity for a consumer to bypass the water meter. Coupling assemblies will be discussed in greater detail below.

WhileFIG.2depicts an system that connects a b-box216to a consumer's interior water system228, the present invention also provides systems that connect other plumbing. For example, a system similar to the one depicted inFIG.2can be installed from a b-box216to a water main208.

For example, a supersystem can include a plurality of systems with adjacent systems disposed on either side of existing plumbing and where the supersystem is configured to allow fluid flow from a first end of the supersystem to a second end of the supersystem. As an example, a supersystem can include a b-box216between a first and a second system.

A simplified cross-sectional view of the system300according to one or more aspects is depicted inFIG.3. The system300includes a semi-rigid pipe100inserted in a first existing pipe304, for example a lead pipe224between a b-box and a house. Coupling assemblies244,248provide a leak-free, fluid-tight seal between the semi-rigid pipe100and existing pipes236,240. The semi-rigid pipe100extends into each coupling assembly236,240to a greater degree than the first existing pipe304does. The coupling assemblies244,248can be the same or different. As an example, the existing pipes236,240to which the coupling assemblies244,249connect can require a flare fitting, an NPT threaded fitting, or some other type. Wither type of coupling assembly can occur at either end of the system300.

FIG.4Apresents an aspect of a coupling assembly248and sleeve404that couples a semi-rigid pipe100to an existing pipe240. The coupling assembly248includes a coupling408with a nipple (not visible) that the semi-rigid pipe100slides over, a compression nut416that fits over the semi-rigid pipe100and threads onto the coupling408, pressing the semi-rigid pipe100against the nipple to form a leak-free, fluid-tight fit. The opposite end of the coupling408is threaded to connect with an existing pipe240. In the aspect shown inFIG.4A, the coupling408has a taper at the opposite end to mate and seal with a flared end of existing pipe240. A flare nut412fits over the existing pipe240and threads onto the coupling408to form a leak-free, fluid-tight fit between the coupling408and the existing pipe240when the proximal end of the existing pipe240is flared. In locations where it would be challenging to bypass the water meter, for example at the b-box, this aspect can be used.FIG.4Ashows a mock-up of a b-box where a shut-off valve220is located. The sleeve404can be configured to clamp at one end onto the unthreaded end of the compression nut416and at the other end to clamp onto the pipe304. The sleeve can be made of two half-shells that can be fastened together, for example, by bolts420. As the fasteners are tightened, the sleeve404clamps onto the compression nut412and the pipe304.FIG.4Bprovides an enlarged view of a portion ofFIG.4A.

FIG.4Cprovides a view of the coupling assembly248ofFIGS.4A and4Bwith a second sleeve424that uses 8 bolts428for clamping rather than the four bolts420used with sleeve404.

FIG.4Dprovides the view of the coupling assembly248along with both the second sleeve424and an open view425of the second sleeve. In the open view, one can see that the sleeve424receives the lead pipe (that is, whatever pipe is being bypassed)304and the coupling416up to the point where shoulders427,429stop further insertion of either the pipe304or the coupling416. In one or more aspects, the semi-rigid pipe can be an Aquaman L semi-rigid pipe101. However, semi-rigid pipes are more broadly considered as applicable. The sleeve of the present aspect is seen to be two half-shells that can be fastened together with screws, bolts, clamps, or other suitable means. Bringing the sleeve halves together secures both the coupling assembly248(specifically, coupler416) and lead pipe (or other existing pipe to be bypassed)304in place.

FIG.5Adepicts a coupling assembly244and sleeve404that can be used outside the home or, commonly, inside a home, depending on the type of existing pipe with which the coupling assembly244is connecting. Features that are the same as one or more previously presented coupling assemblies and sleeves will not be repeated here. Coupling assembly244differs from coupling assemblies above because coupling assembly244does not use a flare nut. Instead, coupling408threads directly into a water meter, valve504, or the like. These threads can be to National Pipe Thread (NPT) standards. In one or more aspects, the coupling assembly244shown inFIG.5Acan be an interior coupling assembly. As stated previously, there are no fundamental reasons that various coupling assemblies could not be used in more than one type of location. For preventing the bypassing of a water meter, however, the coupling assembly presented inFIG.5Acan be more useful.

The coupling assembly includes at least a coupling and a compression nut. In some coupling assemblies, a flare nut can also be introduced.

In the present disclosure, proximal and distal, especially proximal and distal ends of parts are used to provide orientation of the parts with respect to the semi-rigid pipe. For example, the proximal end of a part is configured to be closer to the semi-rigid pipe that the distal end is.

FIG.5Bdepicts a portion of a system located in a residence, perhaps in a basement. In the example presented here, a semi-rigid pipe100running from outside the residence, for example, from a b-box, enters through the floor of the basement and couples via an interior coupling assembly244to a residential interior distribution line550. The residential interior distribution line550can include a water supply valve504. Water flows through the system from bottom to top as indicated by the arrow.

Referring toFIG.6A, a coupling408is presented in perspective view. The coupling proximal end604includes a nipple608configured to fit snugly into the semi-rigid pipe100with a friction-tight fit. The outer surface of the nipple608can be a smooth cylinder. As used herein, the terms “smooth” and “smoothly” refer to surfaces being designed and manufactured to be essentially constant or monotonically varying as a function of position along the part. The nipple has an outer diameter609and an inner diameter610as seen inFIGS.6B and6D, respectively. In other aspects of the invention, the outer surface of the nipple cannot be smooth. The outer surface of the nipple can be etched, barbed, or otherwise prepared in a fashion that is not smooth as defined herein. Adjacent to and at the distal end of the nipple608is an external thread612that has a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the semi-rigid pipe100. The external thread612is configured to receive an internal thread on the distal end of a compression nut416.

A distal end616of the coupling408is disposed opposite the coupling proximal end604and has an inner diameter618. The distal end includes external threads620for producing a secure, leak-free, fluid-tight connection with a pipe or a plumbing fixture such as a water meter or valve. In one or more aspects, the distal end616of the coupling408further includes a surface624shaped to mate with and form a fluid-tight connection with a pipe with a flared end.

Still referring toFIGS.6A-6D, an intermediary section628is disposed between the external threads612,620and is configured to allow the coupling408to be held securely and threaded securely. The aspect pictured is configured to be held by a wrench. In one or more aspects, the outer surface of the intermediary section628can be knurled or provided with any other surface that would allow the threading and unthreading of the coupling408with other parts of the coupling assembly.

Referring toFIG.7A, a compression nut416includes a distal end704with internal threads708configured to mate with the external threads612on the proximal end of the coupling408. The compression nut distal end704includes an outer surface710configured to be held securely to allow the compression nut416to thread over the coupling408. The compression nut proximal end712is disposed opposite the compression nut distal end704.

The inner surface716of the compression nut416tapers inward from the compression nut distal end (the threaded end inFIG.7D)704to the compression nut proximal end712such that threading the compression nut416onto the coupling408presses the semi-rigid pipe100against the nipple608to form a fluid-tight seal. The taper can occur smoothly from between the two ends704,712of the compression nut416, although other tapers can be used that would also cause a fluid-tight seal between the semi-rigid pipe100and the nipple608to be formed.

The proximal end712of the compression nut416comprises a cylindrical outer surface720with an outer diameter724and an inner diameter728as seen inFIGS.7B and7D, respectively. The outer surface720can be clamped by a sleeve.

In one or more aspects, the coupling assembly further includes a flare nut412. Referring toFIGS.8A-8D, a flare nut412can include a proximal end804with an internal thread808configured to mate with the external thread620on the distal end616of the coupling408and sealingly connect a flared proximal end of an existing pipe240to the distal end616of the coupling408. The outer surface812of the proximal end804of the flare nut412is configured to be held securely to facilitate threading the flare nut412onto the coupling408. The distal end816of the flare nut412has an inner diameter820that allows the flare nut412to slide onto the existing pipe240before flaring the pipe end but not after. The outer diameter824of the distal end816of the flare nut412is shown inFIG.8B.

FIGS.9A and9Bprovide plan and end views, respectively, of an aspect of a sleeve424. The sleeve424includes a plurality of shell sections904,908. These shell sections904,908can be fastened together with, for example, a plurality of bolts428inserted in respective holes910, that allow a first sleeve end912to receive and securely clamp over an existing pipe (for example, a lead pipe304) through which the semi-rigid pipe100can be inserted and a second sleeve end916to receive and securely clamp over the proximal end712of a compression nut416. The inner dimensions of the sleeve424can be such that the pipe and the compression nut416can be limited as to the extent of their insertion into the sleeve, while the sleeve424is configured to allow the semi-rigid pipe100to pass through from the first to the second sleeve end.

FIGS.10A-10Ddepict a second coupling1000with many similarities to those previously described and which will not be repeated here. One distinguishing feature is that external thread1012is longer in the axial direction of the coupling1000than external thread608. Various lengths of external thread can be used without departing from the contemplated coupling.

A second distinguishing feature is that nipple1008is tapered outer surface moving from the external threads1012toward the free end of the nipple1008. This taper angle1077is depicted inFIG.10D. The taper angle can be any angle greater than 0° and less than 180°. In one aspect, the taper angle is between 90 and 120°. In another aspect, the taper angle is between 90 and 100°. In yet another aspect, the angle is between 90 and 95°. In another aspect, the taper angle is 91°.

FIGS.11A-11Ddepict a third coupling1100with many similarities to the first coupling and particularly to the second coupling1000discussed in relation toFIGS.10A-10D. One difference is that the third coupling1100is not designed for coupling with a flared pipe because it lacks the coupling surface shown with624and1024. Instead, the external threads1120on the distal end of the coupling1100extend to the distal end of the coupling. The third coupling1100also includes a tapered nipple as described in regard to the second coupling1000. The external threads1120on the distal end of the coupling1100can be National Pipe Thread (NPT) threads.

FIGS.12A-12Ddepict a second compression nut1200. The second compression nut1200is similar in many ways to the compression nut discussed above in relation toFIGS.7A-7D. Similar features will not be repeated. A difference between the compression nuts is that the second compression nut1200includes an outer surface1210that is longer in the axial direction than outer surface710of the first compression nut. Additionally, internal threads1208also cover a greater extent in the axial direction than do internal threads708. In one or more aspects, the internal threads1208can extend as close as possible to the proximal end of the second compression nut1200.

Another difference is that the second compression nut (or adapter)1200includes a tapered inner surface1216. The angle1217of the taper is 90° less than the taper angle1077. Thus if taper angle1077of the coupling is 91°, taper angle1217is 1°. Thus, when the second compression nut1200is threaded on a coupler with a tapered nipple, the tapered nipple surface and the tapered inner surface1216will maintain equal separation between them that decreases as the second compression nut1200is threaded on the coupler, compressing the semi-rigid pipe between the two surfaces to form a water-tight (or liquid-tight) seal. This angular relationship of the tapered parts allows differences in the semi-rigid pipe, such as differences in wall thickness, perhaps due to manufacturing tolerances, to be compensated without compromising the quality of the seal formed between the semi-rigid pipe and the coupling.

FIGS.13A-13Ddepict another sleeve1300. The sleeve includes a first end section1310, a second end section1320opposite the first end section1310, and a middle section1330disposed between the first and second end sections1310,1320. The end sections1310,1320taper to a narrower middle section1330. Only the semi-rigid pipe passes through the middle section1330. The first end section1310attaches over the pipe being bypassed (e.g., the lead pipe) while the second end section1320attaches to the coupling. The sleeve1300comprises two half-shells that are fastened to each other using fasteners, for example, bolts that pass through the holes1340. Other forms of fasteners such as clips, adhesives, wrapping in wire, and the like can also be used.

FIG.14depicts an installation process at a location with features previously identified inFIG.2that will not be repeated here.FIG.14illustrates a semi-rigid pipe100being fed through an existing pipe304(for example a buried lead water line) that runs between a house or other structure and a water shutoff valve in a b-box. As illustrated here, the semi-rigid pipe100is being fed from the house to the b-box. Practical concerns can determine the direction of feeding the semi-rigid pipe100, though no fundamental reason precludes feeding in either direction.

FIG.15Apresents a flowchart that outlines one or more aspects of a method to install a system described herein that can be used, for example, for remediation of contaminated drinking water.

Water is turned off at the b-box, which supplies water from the water main, and at the residence (or other type of building)51502. The current coupling in the basement between existing plumbing in the residence and the buried lead water line is disconnected. This existing pipe that runs between the residence and the b-box can also be referred to as the host pipe. Water can be sucked out of the host pipe from the residence side (e.g., the basement side) S1504. A wet-dry vacuum can be used for this purpose.

A camera can be run through the host pipe S1506to determine if the host pipe is a candidate for restoration with a semi-rigid pipe S1508. If the host pipe is not a candidate S1510, safely and securely reconnect water service S1550and fill any hole that can have been created S1552. Other means of remediating lead pipe contamination of household (drinking) water must be used.

If the host pipe is a candidate, then the process can proceed as follows. A minimally invasive access hole, for example, approximately 5 ft by 5 ft, is excavated at the b-box, and the access hole is shored up to secure entry S1512. If the remediation process occurs at some later time, the water, which will have been reconnected after the initial determination, must be again disconnected at the residence and at the b-box.

A leader is fed through the pipe to be remediated from the house to the b-box, where the leader is connected to a wire cable S1514. Using the leader, the wire cable is pulled through to the house S1516. In the house, the semi-rigid pipe is connected to the wire cable S1518. The wire cable and the semi-rigid pipe (with lubricant on it) are both pulled through the host pipe, that is, the pipe to be remediated S1520. The wire cable and semi-rigid pipe can be pulled manually or with equipment (e.g., a winch).

Connect the semi-rigid pipe to the water meter in the residence and at the b-box end S1522. In some cases, a pipe, for example a copper pipe, can be installed at the b-box in order to connect the semi-rigid pipe at the b-box end. Details of connecting are presented below.

Once the connections have been made, the water is turned back on S1524. The semi-rigid pipe is pressurized and the wrap130around the semi-rigid pipe that keeps the semi-rigid pipe in a U-shape during insertion into the remediated pipe is burst, allowing the semi-rigid pipe to expand to fill the remediated pipe S1526. The system can then be pressured tested S1528, and the minimally-invasive hole filled S1530.

As outlined in the flowchart inFIG.15B, connecting the semi-rigid pipe to the water meter (or other plumbing) in the house and to the b-box (or a pipe attached to the b-box) includes sliding a compression nut over the semi-rigid pipe S1532. The semi-rigid pipe is slid over the nipple of the coupling S1534. Tighten the compression nut onto the external threads near the proximal end of the coupling S1536while making sure that the semi-rigid pipe is not being twisted51538. Secure the sleeve from the compression nut to the remediated pipe S1540.

At the installer's discretion, place a compression or flare nut over the pipe (for example, at the b-box). If a flare nut is being used, flare the pipe over which the flare nut is placed. Couple the pipe to the coupling by tightening the nut onto the coupling.

The coupling, compression nut, flare nut, and sleeve can comprise metal (brass, steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and the like), plastic, other materials suitable for plumbing, or any combination thereof.

While the present disclosure has used as a non-limiting example a municipal water system that supplies water to a house through a lead pipe, the disclosure can be made to apply to locations other than municipalities, fluids other than water, fluid conduits other than lead pipes, and consumers other than residential and commercial structures.

Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Technical Data, Specification, and Installation Procedures

One or more aspects of the present disclosure can improve public safety and provide environmental safeguards for trenchless technology applications, for example, addressing the presence of lead in drinking water. Aspects can allow for a robust rehabilitation of the water main lateral lines, from the b-box, normally located between the curb line and sidewalk line, to entry point of the residence. Excavation can be limited to the b-box with no other deconstruction of the property or the premises required. The semi-rigid pipe is pulled thru the existing lead pipe, with coupling assemblies installed on both ends of the lead pipe to complete the system in a fraction of the time, and at a fraction of the cost, of antiquated dig-and-replace activities for lead pipe remediation.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure can provide a unilateral solution for restoring clean water services to all communities, regardless of size or location. These one or more aspects of the present disclosure can provide a safer, expedited method of restoring clean water services at a fraction of the high cost of removing and replacing water lines to homes. Thus, more communities are enabled to restore these critical water assets.

Homeowner and local business property are protected during installation, with minimal ground disturbance. Interruptions to neighborhood vehicle and foot traffic is equally diminished, with an installation production rate that is 5 to 10 times greater than the production rate of remove and replace methods.

Technical Data Sheet

Product Data for Coupling Assemblies

The system coupling assemblies are an engineered design, comprised of an Exterior Coupling Assembly (ECA) and an Interior Coupling Assembly (ICA). The assemblies are certified to NSF/ANSI 372 and are in conformance with the lead content requirements for lead-free plumbing as defined in the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act.

As illustrated in this document, the ECA can be a brass connection assembly that is mechanically attached to the incoming water service line at the B-Box and links the water service line from the water main to the semi-rigid pipe (SRP).

Identical to the ECA, the ICA is mechanically attached to the semi-rigid pipe and is linked with the interior water service line located within the residence. The detailed mechanical properties of the fittings for the coupling assemblies are provided in the NSF-61 approval section of the present disclosure. The brass fittings can provide a high level of integrity of the joints and enable an uncompromised connection to the SRP.

The four-piece coupling assemblies can be comprised of three fittings and one sleeve. A non-limiting example of a coupling assembly is presented inFIG.4D. In one or more aspects of the present disclosure, the sleeve cannot be present.

Technical Data Sheet

System Interior Connections

Table 1 reproduces a list of products conforming to the requirements of NSF/ANSI/CAN 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects as recorded Jun. 21, 2022. In the table, the products are certified to NSF/ANSI 372 and conform with the lead content requirements for “lead free” plumbing as defined by California, Vermont, Maryland, and Louisiana state laws and the United States Safe Drinking Water Act. In addition to the mechanical devices included in Table 1, a water coupling and a meter flange where the water contact material is iron and sized between ½ and 3 inches can be used. Further, plumbing of other dimensions can be used, with the disclosed systems, methods, and assemblies, which can be manufactured, installed, and used with any suitable dimensions.

In the table, C represents copper solder joint, CF copper x female thread, CM copper x male thread, EH extra heavy, LF lead free, and XXXX denotes 4 numeric characters representing size. All low lead, lead-free part numbers carry the LF suffix. The term “D. Hot” refers to domestic hot water, defined to be 60° C. (140° F.).

In one or more aspects of the present disclosure, the semi-rigid pipe can have a tested burst pressure greater than 500 pounds per square inch (psi). Unlike cured-in-place pipe methods, the semi-rigid pipe can be installed without the use of epoxies, heat, or steam, in the curing process.

The semi-rigid pipe can be cable-pulled or winched into the host water line (that is, the water line to be bypassed such as a lead pipe). The semi-rigid pipe can be pre-formed, U-shaped, and banded with an outer protective tape layer, allowing for multiple bends and turns in the water line route, as necessary. The end of the semi-rigid pipe can be securely closed during installation, eliminating the potential for lead or other contaminant to enter the new pipe.

The connection of the semi-rigid pipe to system's end couplings and hardware assemblies is made at the b-box, which can be located between the curb line and the sidewalk of the residence. The new water line can then be pressurized, enabling the U-shaped pipe to open and expand to the inner diameter of the original pipe (for example, lead pipe), while maintaining the required design pressure of the host pipe. The completed rehabilitation can result in a new water service line with no annular space between the new service line and the former. The new service line will have a lower friction value (Manning “N” value), creating a smoother conduit for the conveyance of water.

In one or more aspects, the semi-rigid pipe have the characteristics in Tables 2-4. Table 2 contains the information from the NSF/ANSI/CAN 61 listing for Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. Both entries are certified for the equivalent metric sized of 19.0 mm-304.8 mm. The water contact temperature code CLD indicates testing was done with cold water at 23±2° C. The water contact material code PUR indicates polyurethane.

Product Installation

The installation procedures below provide a step-by-step process following the excavation of soil encasing the b-box. The three-stage process comprises:Water Service Line Preparation and Inspection StageInstallation StagePost-Installation Stage

Water Service Line Preparation and Inspection Stage

Prior to the removal of any component of the water service line, the b-box valve is turned to the off position, cutting off flow from the water main. The incoming waterline valve inside the residence or building is also turned to the off position. The existing line couplings/fittings are removed at both the junction of the b-box and the incoming water supply source inside the residence or building.

Using a cable-fed CCTV micro-camera unit, the entire length of the water service line (that is, the pipe to be bypassed, for example, the lead pipe) can be video recorded. The results can be inspected to assess the condition of the lead pipe, with specific attention to any bends, kinks, pinch points, or other obstructions that would prevent rehabilitation. In the event the line is determined to be a viable candidate for rehabilitation, the installation process begins.

Conversely, in the event the lead pipe is determined to be beyond rehabilitation, the line can be tagged for removal and replacement. The original couplings can be reinstalled, and water flow can be re-established at the b-box valve and end/internal source. The water service inside the residence or business should be turned on and run continuously for one-half hour prior to using to allow for the removal of any trace lead that can be present.

Product Installation (Cont.)

Installation Stage

Removal of Original Connection Fittings

Following the removal of the existing line couplings/fittings at both the junction of the b-box and the incoming water supply source inside the residence or building, trace elements of lead, in the form of dust, particles, and detached material should be removed. It is recommended that vacuuming be performed at the open ends of the existing line, removing any trace of lead.

Replacement Pipe Installation

Using a cut-to-length section of semi-rigid pipe (SRP), a steel cable (for example, ⅛ inch-¼ inch diameter) can be attached to the interior end of the SRP within the residence or building. The spooled SRP is folded laterally in a U-shape as shown inFIG.1B, to allow for an unobstructed installation through the existing lead pipe. The SRP can then be hand-pulled or winched at the b-box, pulling the new pipe in the direction of the water main, ending at the b-box valve. There is, however, no fundamental reason that SRP could not be fed through the existing lead pipe in the opposite direction.

Connection of Couplings

With ample SRP exposed at each end of the pipe run, the couplings as disclosed herein, including the three-piece fittings and sleeve, can be mechanically connected. A visual inspection can be conducted at each segment of the new connections, ensuring a mechanically sound fit has been achieved.

The installation contractor can return the b-box valve to the open position, allowing water to flow freely along the entirety of the waterline. The pressurization of the new waterline will enable the U-shaped SRP to open and expand to the original pipe diameter, while maintaining the required design pressure of the host pipe. Before backfilling the b-box, a final inspection can be conducted to ensure that the coupling assemblies are leak-free.

Test Data for Semi-Rigid Pipe

In one or more aspects of the present disclosure, the semi-rigid pipe can comprise thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer. Tables 5-8 provide the results of tests performed by BASF on the Elastollan TPU. Table 5 shows the results of durability testing performed in water at a temperature of 60° C. for a period in excess of 9 years. Table 5. BASF Test 1—Product Life Cycle Analyses

FIG.16presents a graph showing the tensile strength of Elastollan® as a function of time.

FIG.17depicts the product life span of Elastollan® when in water (pH=7). The time (in days 1710 and in hours 1720) for the tensile strength limit of 20 MPa to be reached as a function of temperature.

Tables 6-8 show durability results for Elastollan® in chlorine at 23° C. where the concentrations of chlorine are 0.5 parts per million (ppm), 5 ppm, and 15 ppm, respectively. The duration of each of these three tests was 12 weeks.

To ensure health and safety, anyone installing one or more aspects of the present disclosure makes sure that the handling and site staging of materials are done in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and installation information. As such, it is recommended that the installer perform a pre-installation inspection and post-installation inspection of both the coupling assemblies and the flexible pipe.