Cinematographic apparatus

The invention is concerned with a motion picture projector or camera, with a claw for feeding the motion picture film, having at least one switch provided in one or several electric circuits of the motion picture projector or camera, which switch is controlled by said claw. An 8-mm motion picture camera in which a switch for various circuits of the camera is provided within the intercept of the claw is already familiar. In such an arrangement, contact elements of the switch are kept mutually in mesh by the claw while it engages the film or disengages from its perforations and if there is no film, the claw releases or opens these contact elements. Switching contacts of this type may be provided, e.g., in the electric circuits of the feed mechanisms or of the exposure control device of a motion picture camera. In this way, when no film is inserted, the batteries are unable to discharge. In addition, a motion picture camera is known that has signals responding during operation and indicating that the film is being moved forward properly. Such a camera has, within the range of the film track, a switching contact that has been developed as part of a drag claw and is maintained by the film in an open position. When the motion picture film has already left the track, or when the film breaks, the contact closes and activates the signal. On the other hand, the invention is intended to provide a motion picture projector or camera, in which switches may be activated by means of the claw when the film cannot be properly advanced. Also, the invention is designed to prevent any damage to the film or the accessories of the motion picture projector or camera, when the forward movement of the film does not take place in the proper manner. Thus, the invention proposes that in a motion picture camera of the type described at the outset the gripping arm (arm of the claw) is mounted in such a way that it may be shifted, and preferably pivoted horizontally in the forward direction and that it is kept in its operating position by a detachable bracket, while the gripping arm functions as activating member of the switch.

The invention accomplishes the following: when a force is applied to the 
claw that exceeds the force required to advance the film, the gripping arm 
shifts or pivots horizontally, while the gripping arm actuates the switch. 
A force of this level acts on the claw when, f.i., the end of the film has 
been firmly attached to the core of the film delivery spool and the film 
has run out. This force may also occur when the film is blocked in the 
area ahead of the claw, by some defect or similar cause. When the switch 
actuated by the claw is designed as contact breaker and is placed within 
the circuit of the electrical film movement mechanism, the forward motion 
of the film is interrupted immediately in a proper manner.

In FIG. 1, the schematically drawn motion picture projector is denoted by 
1. In cassette 2, the motion picture film 3 is stored; it runs in the form 
of a loop to the image aperture 5 over its guide rollers. The projection 
lens 6 is located in front of the image aperture 5. An electric motor 7 is 
provided to drive the film; this electric motor may be started by a 
push-button switch 8. The schematically suggested projection lamp 9 is 
also switched on by the operational switch 8. 
For an intermittent forward movement of film 3, a claw 10 has been provided 
with a gripping arm 11 and a control lever 12. The gripping arm engages 
the perforation of film 3 with two gripping teeth. To execute the lift of 
engagement of the gripping arm, a claw cam 25 is mounted in recess 13. The 
claw cam 25 is driven continuously by electric motor 7. 
The control of the lift of engagement of the gripping arm in the 
perforation of the film 13 is done by means of an electro-magnet 14 which 
is excited periodically to conform to the picture frequency selected, by 
the electronic array 26 that also controls the electric motor 7, and which 
pivots the control lever 12 horizontally around its center of rotation 15. 
For this purpose a permanent magnet 16 has been placed on the upper end of 
control lever 12. Resilient stops 17 are located on both sides of control 
lever 12 to limit the lift of engagement. 
A mandrel 18, supporting gripping arm 11, is mounted on the lower end of 
control lever 12. In its operating position the gripping arm 11 touches 
mandrel 18 of control lever 12 under spring tension (spring leaf 23) 
within the area 19 of recess 20. Recess 20 has been designed so that its 
edges act as guides to gripping arm 11. These guides take effect when a 
force of a certain magnitude acts upon the teeth of the claw. 
At the end of the forward or return movement of the film, the force F acts 
on the tooth of the claw, inasmuch as the film has been firmly attached to 
the film spool or to the take-up mandrel. The force (or the forces) F is 
considerably larger than the normal force needed in order to advance the 
film or to rewind it. This force F causes gripping arm 11 to pivot or 
rotate about the point of contact of the claw on cam 25. In doing so, the 
claw slides off the mandrel 18. This sliding-off causes the claw tooth to 
be extracted from the perforation of film 3 and acts, at least, for a 
brief time on switch 21. To throw this switch, gripping arm 11 has an 
adapter 22 that releases one contact of switch 21 that consists of spring 
leaf 23. This closes a control circuit of the electronic array 26 for the 
driving mechanisms via contact 24 mounted on the control lever 12. In this 
way, the driving mechanism (electric motor 7, claw cam 23) is switched off 
immediately. Likewise, the supply of current to electric magnet 14 is 
interrupted. 
In FIG. 2 and/or 3, an additional design for the support of gripping arm 11 
on control lever 12 is shown. FIG. 3 shows a section along line III--III 
in accordance with FIG. 2. 
Within a bore-hole 27 of control lever 12, a ball 188 has been placed. Due 
to the tension of a spring 28, this ball projects from bore-hole 27. 
Gripping arm 11 also has a bore-hole 29, for resting on ball 188, and an 
axle stub 30 which is supported within a frame 31 mounted on control lever 
12. The engagement lift of gripping arm 11 is controlled by 
continuously-driven claw cam 25. The driving mechanisms for control lever 
12 and for cam 25 can generally be shown in FIG. 1. The driving mechanisms 
not shown are activated by push-button 8. To this end, a switch contact 32 
has been coupled with push-button 8. The switch contact 32 is connected 
via terminals 33, e.g., with electronic array 26, in accordance with FIG. 
1. A detachable stop lug 34 keeps push button 8 in its operating position 
after having been actuated. 
When a force F that exceeds the force needed by gripping arm 11 to advance 
the film acts on the teeth of this gripping arm, the latter is pivoted out 
of its operating position on control lever 12. The gripping arm 11 moves 
in this case along either one of the guide grooves 35, 36, and around the 
point where control cam 25 touches gripping arm 11. The guide grooves 35, 
36 being at area 29 of the support of ball 188 in gripping arm 11; their 
depth is made less than the depth of the bore hole in area 29. As a 
result, when gripping arm 11 will only pivot out of its operating position 
by reference to control lever 12 when force F is great enough to press 
ball 188 into bore hole 27 of control lever 12 against the tension of 
spring 28, by the difference bbetween the bottoms of grooves 35, 36 and 
the depth of bore hole within area 29. The direction of the possible 
horizontal pivot of gripping arm 11 in responding to force F has been 
indicated by arrows 37, 38. 
One radial cam 39, 44 each has been mounted on the upper and lower surfaces 
of gripping arm 11; these radial cams activate, when gripping arm 11 
pivots in the direction of arrow 38, a switching contact 40; when the 
gripping arm pivots in the direction of arrow 37, they activate switching 
contact 41. These switching contacts may be arranged advantageously in 
control circuits of the electronic array 26, as shown in FIG. 1. The 
equipment may be developed, f.i., in a way that throwing the switching 
contacts 40 and/or 41 immediately switches off the projector drive (not 
shown). The contact tongue 42 of switching contact 49 may be connected 
mechanically (plunger 43) with stoplug 34 of push-button 8. When control 
cam 40 acts on the contact tongue 42, stoplug 34 of push-button 8 is 
released immediately by plunger 43, and the switching contact 32 which, as 
described above, has likewise been provided within the control circuit of 
the electronic array of the projector is opened, thereby switching off the 
motion picture projector. 
Switching contact 41 may also be used to control the projector. Another 
possibility is to have the switching contacts controlled by gripping arm 
11 change the direction in which the film moves which may be desirable 
after an entire motion picture film has been run off. 
In addition, the bracket of the gripping arm in its operating position may 
take hold on the control lever by at least one permanent magnet mounted on 
one of those structural elements. In accordance with this embodiment of 
the invention, the force F will have to exceed or cancel the attraction of 
the magnet in order to produce the horizontal pivot of the gripping arm 
and to activate the switches or to release the locking mechanism of the 
operational switch or similar device. 
This means that the invention has created advantageously a motion picture 
projector or camera, in which a reliable switching of the mechanism 
driving the motion picture film is achieved as needed. It is possible also 
to switch off the projection lamp by a switch (not shown) at the same time 
as the driving mechanism is switched off or reversed. 
When this arrangement is used in a motion picture camera, it is possible by 
means of the claw to inactivate certain devices that are required for 
taking pictures, such as exposure meter, film drive, and 
electro-mechanical rangge finder. Beyond that, the advantage of the 
invention consists in the fact that the control of electric and/or 
electro-mechanical equipment or of similar devices takes place by means of 
mechanisms of the motion picture camera or projector interacting directly 
with the picture carrier, whereby considerably increasing the 
dependability of the camera or projector. 
To conclude, we want to point out that the detachable claw bracket does not 
have to be mounted on control lever 12. The support which can be rotated 
and shifted longitudinally, may be installed directly on the instrument 
panel or on a similar part. The lift of engagement of the claw may be 
controlled also by an additional cam mounted on the shaft of claw cam 25. 
The claw may also be designed as a pawl ("Klinkengreifer") the transverse 
movement of which is controlled by the film.