Optical recording medium and process for producing the same

Disclosed herein is an optical recording medium for recording informations by irradiating the optical recording medium with a laser beam to form a hole or a deformed part thereon, said optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer containing at least Te, Se and F in the amounts of from 35 to 94.9 atomic % of Te, from 5 to 25 atomic % of Se and from 0.1 to 40 atomic % of F, produced by a reactive sputtering, said Se being derived from selenium fluoride and a sputtering target of Te or a sputtering target comprising Te-Se-alloy, and a process for producing the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an optical recording medium and a process 
for producing the same. More in detail, the present invention relates to 
an optical recording medium produced by irradiating a laser beam on a 
recording layer to heat locally for forming an ablative hole or a 
depression in the thus heated part, thereby recording informations, and to 
a reliable process for well-reproductively producing the optical recording 
medium. 
As an optical recording medium produced by irradiating a laser beam to a 
thin recording layer formed on a substrate, thereby forming a hole, a 
depression or a protuberance thereon, it has been hitherto known to use 
thin Te films. Since Te is large in the light absorption coefficient, 
melts at a low temperature and is low thermal conductivity, Te shows a 
high sensitivity in the recording by the above-mentioned method. However, 
there is a problem that Te films tends to be oxidized rapidly in air, the 
degradation of the light absorption efficiency by oxidation results the 
degradation of recording sensitivity. 
As the medium in which the degradation resistance of Te films has been 
improved, those using an alloy containing Se other than Te, those using 
lower oxides of Te, those using an organic polymer layer in which Te is 
dispersed, etc. have been known [for instance, refer to Japanese Patent 
Applications Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 53-31104(1978), No. 58-54338(1983) and 
No. 57-98394(1982)]. 
Although, the above-mentioned recording medium is produced by a vacuum 
evaporation method or an ion-plating method, a sputtering method is 
preferably adopted because of the favorable controlability during the 
deposition of films. 
As a result of the present inventors' studies on the films produced by 
sputtering of the Te or Te based materials using pure argon gas, it was 
found by X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and the transmission 
electron microscopy that the large crystal grains of a size of from 
several thousands .ANG. to several .mu.m are observed in the whole area of 
these films, and that the flatness, the shape of pits and the recording 
sensitivity are poor and a large amount of noise is generated in a readout 
signal. In addition, it has been made clear that the polycrystalline 
structure of the deposited films is unstable and accordingly, since the 
reflectance increases nearly to 1.3 times as compared to the initial 
reflectance within 24 hours in the accelerated test at a temperature of 
65.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 80%, the stability of such a 
recording medium in the course of time is extremely poor. 
For solving the above-mentioned problem, there is a method by which the 
film of recording layer has non-crystalline or microcrystalline structure 
and the temperature at which the above-mentioned micro-structures are 
transformed into the polycrystalline structure of larger grain size, that 
is the crystallization temperature, is made to be higher, thereby 
stabilizing the micro-structure of the films at room temperature. 
Concretely, it may be exemplified that a thin recording layer of a Te 
based alloy containing Ge, Pb, Sn, etc. it used [refer to Japanese Patent 
Publication No. 59-35356(1984)]. 
Furthermore, it is proposed that the same effect as above is obtained even 
by dispersing Te in an organic substance through the reactive sputtering 
[refer to Japanese Patent Applications Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 
57-165292(1982) and No. 57-78394(1982)]. 
However, even in the produced medium by the above-mentioned process, the 
change in reflectance (transmission) of the medium in the course of time 
occurs with the change of the micro-structure and the degradation of the 
medium by the long-term irradiation of readout laser light. Namely, it has 
been difficult to maintain the micro-structure of the recording layer in a 
stable state for a long-time period in the case of using a Te based alloy 
film as the recording layer. 
On the other hand, in the optical recording medium wherein the ablative 
holes or the depression are formed as the pits for recording the 
informations, not only the recording layer but also the state of the 
interface between the recording layer and the substrate or the underlayer 
is important as the primary factor which determines the laser beam power 
required for forming the pit, namely, the recording sensitivity and the 
forms of pits. 
In order to form the pits in the thin layer of the recording medium 
comprising the above-mentioned substrate and the thin recording layer by 
the laser beam, it is necessary that the materials of the recording layer 
which is melted locally by laser heating removed from the substrate while 
overcoming the work of adhesion of the film to the substrate. For the 
purpose of reducing the adhesion and of improving the recording 
sensitivity, a disposition of an underlayer comprising a thin layer of 
fluorocarbon polymer between the recording layer and the substrate has 
been examined [refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 
59-90246(1984)]. The factors contributing to the adhesion of the films to 
the substrate are the surface tensions of the recording layer and the 
substrates thereof, the molecular weight and the degree of crosslinking of 
the surface layer of the substrate, etc. As the work of adhesion of the 
recording layer to the substrate is smaller, the pit can be formed in a 
shorter pulse width by a smaller laser beam power. The above-mentioned 
fact means the improvement of the recording sensitivity, and therefore the 
recording of high speed and the use of a cheap semiconductor laser diode 
of a low output power become possible. However, in order to perform a 
recording of a higher quality, it is required that the sensitivity is 
improved but also that not only recorded pits have sharp and well-defined 
edges are uniform. 
On the other hand, to the optical recording medium, it is required that the 
storage capacity is large, namely that a recording of high density is 
possible, in addition to the above-mentioned specific properties. In order 
to improve the storage capacity of the optical recording medium of the 
perforating type, it is required that the minimum size of the pit is as 
small as possible. In the case where due to the large heat conductivity of 
the recording layer, the region to be melted and removed by irradiation of 
laser beam becomes too large and in the case where due to the smallness of 
the adhesion of the recording layer to the underlayer, the amount of the 
substance to be removed becomes too large and the size of the pit is apt 
to be enlarged, and accordingly in such a case, high density storage is 
impossible. 
Furthermore, in the above-mentioned media, since there is a tendency that 
the size of the pit changes sensitively by the slight change of the laser 
beam power, the stable and accurate recording of the digital signals is 
difficult. 
In the case where a thin film of fluorocarbon polymer is provided as the 
underlayer, it is relatively easy to improve the recording sensitivity, 
however, there still remains problems concerning the above-mentioned shape 
and size of a pit. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 
59-90246(1984), any method for dissolving the above-mentioned problem 
concerning the pit shape has not been given. 
Furthermore, in addition to the problem concerning the above-mentioned pit 
shape, in the case of recording by the laser beam of short pulse width or 
in the case where the disk is rotated at a high constant angle velocity, 
since particularly in the outer region of the disk, the energy density of 
the laser beam focused on the unit area of the surface of the optical 
recording medium is small, the laser beam output necessary for forming a 
pit is larger, and the requirement for the improvement of the sensitivity 
to the optical recording medium is more severe than that of the inner 
region. 
In order to fulfil the above-mentioned requirements, the combination of the 
material of the recording layer and that of the substrate or the 
underlayer becomes an extremely important factor. Namely, in order to 
shorten the length of the minimum size of pit, it is desirable that the 
adhesion is larger, and on the other hand, in order to improve the 
sensitivity, it is desirable that the adhesion is smaller. In other words, 
the two requirements which mutually contradict at a glance must be 
fulfilled. In order to overcome the above-mentioned contradiction, for 
instance, a method of utilizing an organic compound which decomposes 
and/or sublimes at a low temperature while having a high adhesion 
(nitrocellulose, guanine and pigments such as phthalocyanine) may be 
mentioned (refer to the Proceeding of XXXII Combined Recture Meeting of 
Applied Physics, p. 115, Spring in 1985). However, by such a method, a 
sufficient sensitivity and stability of the optical recording medium have 
not necessarily obtained. Furthermore, the physical properties of these 
existing organic compounds (decomposition temperature, sublimation 
temperature and adhesion) are specific to each of them, and it is 
impossible to optimize the properties of those compounds easily and 
flexibly corresponding to the combination of the various recording layers 
and the driving system. 
Moreover, the above-mentioned sublimative pigments cannot be formed into a 
thin layer by the sputtering method and the plasma polymerization method 
and accordingly the constitution of a consistent dry process with forming 
that of the recording layer while using the sputtering method is 
impossible. 
As a result of the inventors' further studies, it has been found that by 
carrying out a reactive sputtering in gaseous mixture of a selenium 
fluoride gas and argon gas while using an alloy containing Te and Se as a 
target material, the obtained optical recording medium is excellent in the 
recording sensitivity, the pit shape, the smoothness of the surface of the 
recording layer thereof, the archival stability etc. and shows the low 
readout noise, and based on the finding, the present invention has been 
attained. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical 
recording medium for recording informations by irradiating the optical 
recording medium with a laser beam to form a hole or a deformed part 
thereon, said optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a 
recording layer containing at least Te, Se and F in the amounts of from 35 
to 94.9 atomic % of Te, from 5 to 25 atomic of Se and from 0.1 to 40 
atomic % of F, produced by a reactive sputtering, said Se being derived 
from selenium fluoride and a sputtering target of Te or a sputtering 
target comprising Te-Se-alloy. 
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process 
for producing an optical recording medium, comprising the step of carrying 
out a reactive sputtering in a gaseous mixture of a selenium fluoride gas 
and argon gas while using Te or an alloy containing Te and Se as the 
target material, thereby forming a deposited layer containing from 35 to 
94.9 atomic % of Te, from 5 to 25 atomic % of Se and from 0.1 to 40 atomic 
% of F, on a substrate. 
The object of the present invention is to provide an optical recording 
medium excellent in the recording performance such as high recording 
sensitivity, the good shape of the pit, the uniformaty of the 
microstructure of the recording layer thereof, the archival stability, 
etc., since the recording layer is non-crystalline or crystalline having a 
microcrystalline structure and an underlayer comprising a fluorocarbon 
polymer is disposed between the recording layer and the substrate, and to 
provide a reliable process for producing the above-mentioned optical 
recording medium well-reproducibly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
As a substrate of a recording medium according to the present invention, a 
plastic material such as acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, etc., a metal 
such as aluminum, or glass as well as a material made by applying a 
thermosetting resin or photosetting resin on the above-mentioned substrate 
may be mentioned. Particularly, the plastic substrate have a merit of 
being cheap in price, easy in processing and excellent in the optical 
properties. 
In the optical signals readout system wherein a laser beam is irradiated 
through the transparent substrate on the recording medium and the 
reflected light from recording medium is detected as is usually carried 
out, thereby carrying out the readout of the signals, the birefringence 
change of the substrate in the course of time is unfavorable, because the 
birefringence of the substrate becomes the considerable factor of the 
fluctuation of the readout light intensity. 
In the recording medium according to the present invention, a cheap plastic 
substrate is available since the birefringence change thereof is small, 
and is stabilized by annealing the recording medium of a high quality and 
a high cost-performance can be offered. 
According to the present invention, a recording layer containing Te, Se and 
F is deposited onto the above-mentioned substrate by a reactive sputtering 
method. Namely, in the process according to the present invention, the 
recording layer containing Te, Se and F is deposited onto the substrate by 
providing a glow discharge in a vacuum chamber into which a gaseous 
mixture comprising argon gas and a selenium fluoride gas has been 
introduced while using an target material comprising Te or Te and Se, 
thereby providing the reactive sputtering. 
The thickness of the deposited recording layer made by sputtering is 150 to 
1000 .ANG., preferably 200 to 1000 .ANG.. In the case where the thickness 
thereof is less than 150 .ANG., a satisfactory readout signal can not be 
obtained since a reflection from the recording layer is low, and in the 
case where the thickness thereof is more than 1000 .ANG., the recording 
sensitivity of the optical recording medium becomes poor. 
Te which is a component of the recording layer has been derived from the 
target material, and F which is also a component thereof has been derived 
from the fluoride gas, Se which is also a component thereof has been 
derived from the target material containing Te and Se or the selenium 
fluoride gas. 
Conventional RF sputtering or DC sputtering methods are utilized to carried 
out the reactive sputtering. 
It is necessary to maintain the temperature of the substrate at a 
temperature of an extent of from a room temperature to a sufficient lower 
temperature than the softening point of the substrate during deposition, 
for instance, at a temperature of an extent of from 40.degree. to 
50.degree. C., in the case of using polycarbonate substrate. The 
above-mentioned temperature of the substrate is easily achieved even 
without cooling the substrate by a conventional magnetron-sputtering 
method. 
As the target material, Te alone, an alloy comprising Te and Se, and an 
alloy comprising Te and Se as the main component and further containing 
Pb, Sb, Sn, In, Ge, etc. may be exemplified. 
In the case where the target made of Te alone is used, there is a case that 
the surface of such a target is oxidized even if the target is preserved 
in a vacuum, and as a result, there are cases that the sputtering rate of 
Te fluctuates and an abnormal electric discharge is caused. 
As the means of removing the oxidized layer on the surface of a target, 
pre-sputtering by an inert gas is generally carried out. However, since 
the conditions of electric discharge at the time of carrying out the 
pre-sputtering and the time period thereof depend on the oxidized state of 
the surface of the target, it is necessary to carefully carrying out the 
pre-sputtering. 
By using the alloy containing Te and Se according to the present invention 
as the target, the fluctuation of the sputtering rate owing to the 
oxidation of the surface of the target can be prevented, and as a result, 
there is an effect in preventing the fluctuation of the composition of the 
deposited films on the above-mentioned reactive sputtering. 
The alloy target containing Te and Se is easily prepared by an ordinary 
sintering method or melting method. 
The deposition of the recording layer of the optical recording medium is 
carried out by a conventional sputtering apparatus of radio frequency or 
direct current discharge while using the above-mentioned target. The 
effect of making the recording medium of Te contain Se is to prevent the 
degradation of the recording medium itself by oxidation. For attaining 
such an object, in the case of using the alloy target the content of Se in 
the target is preferably made to be from 5 to 30 atomic %. However, since 
the surface tension of the recording medium at the time of melting thereof 
is reduced by containing of Se in the film materials, it is not favorable 
to make .the target contain Se in an amount over 30 atomic % in the case 
of forming the pits by deforming the part locally irradiated by a laser 
beam while utilizing the surface tension of the film material. 
Particularly, in the case where the reduction of the surface tension of 
the recording layer becomes a problem, the amount of Se in the target is 
preferably made to be from 1 to 5 atomic %, and even by such a content of 
Se, there is an effect in preventing the oxidation of the surface of the 
target. 
On the other hand, as a method of making the recording medium contain 
another element in addition to Te, Se and F, a method of adding the 
objective element into target of Te alone or the alloy target containing 
Te and Se may be mentioned. For instance, by addition of Pb, Sb, Sn, In, 
Ge, etc. into the target containing Te and Se, if desired, the specific 
properties of the medium for recording can be controlled. 
Although Se.sub.2 F.sub.2, SeF.sub.4 and SeF.sub.6 are mentioned as a 
selenium fluoride gas, SeF.sub.6 is generally used, and the ratio of the 
selenium fluoride gas in the gaseous mixture is selected in the range of 
from 0.01 to 50% by volume, preferably from 0.1 to 50% by volume, more 
preferably from 1 to 50% by volume. 
It is preferable that from 35 to 94.9 atomic % of Te atoms, from 5 to 25 
atomic % of Se atoms and from 0.1 to 40 atomic % of F atoms are contained 
in the deposited recording layer. In the case where other fourth component 
is contained in the deposited recording layer, the amount of such a fourth 
component is preferably 1 to 20 atomic %. 
In the case where Se is contained in an amount of less than 5 atomic %, the 
oxidation resistance of the above-mentioned recording layer is poor and 
the stability thereof in the course of time becomes poor. On the other 
hand, in the case where the content of Se is more than 25 atomic %, the 
energy which is necessary for forming the holes parts is raised. Namely, 
the recording sensitivity becomes poor. 
In the case where the content of F in the deposited layer is less than 1 
atomic %, the films do not take the non-crystalline structure, and in the 
case where the content of F is more than 40 atomic %, the substrate is apt 
to be damaged and moreover, the recording sensitivity becomes poor. 
It has been confirmed by X-ray and electron beam diffraction method that 
the film according to the present invention takes an uniform 
non-crystalline structure. In contrary to the polycrystalline structure of 
the deposited layer prepared by a simple vacuum evaporation method or a 
sputtering method only with argon gas, the reason why the deposited film 
according to the present invention takes a non-crystalline structure has 
not necessarily been clear, however, it is considered that since the 
molecules of the reactive gas according to the present invention contain 
fluorine atom(s), fluoride ions, fluorine radicals, and Se and Te 
fluorides are formed in the glow discharge plasma, these fluorides impinge 
onto the substrate together with the atoms of Te atom and Se atom, and at 
the same time, etching of the glowing surface of the films occur, 
resulting in the prevention of the growth of the large grain. 
Furthermore, the etching of the surface of the substrate slightly by the 
above-mentioned fluoride ions or fluorine radicals has also an effect of 
uniformalizing the adherence between the substrate and the deposited film. 
Since in the above-mentioned non-crystalline film, grains and grain 
boundaries are almost negligibly small, in the case where such films are 
used as the recording medium, it is possible to uniformize the recording 
sensitivity and the shape of pits, and moreover, it is possible to reduce 
the readout noise in a low level due to no fluctuation of the readout 
light at the time of reading-out of signals by the laser beam. 
Accordingly, a high C/N ratio (carrier to noise ratio) can be obtained. 
In addition, due to the fact that the deposited layer contains Se other 
than Te, the oxidation-resistance which cannot be obtained by Te alone can 
be obtained and the reflectivity of the above-mentioned recording medium 
does not change at all even after being exposed to an accelerated test for 
30 days at a temperature of 70.degree. C. and at a relative humidity of 
85%. 
By heating the above-mentioned recording layer to a suitable temperature, 
that is, by subjecting the recording medium to annealing, the 
micro-structure of the films is changed and as a result, it is able to 
increase the stability of the crystal, the recording sensitivity, the pit 
form, etc. in the course of time. 
The recording medium before annealing according to the present invention 
shows a uniform non-crystalline structure, and even after the annealing, 
it shows a stable polycrystalline structure of grain of less than 1000 
.ANG. in the diameter. Particularly, it is possible to make the grain size 
to not more than several hundred .ANG., and the recording medium of the 
just-mentioned grain size does not cause any bad influence such as the 
occurrence of noise to the readout signal and the disorder of the shape of 
pits form at all. 
In addition, the non-crystalline structure mentioned in the present 
invention means the micro-structure showing the pattern of the usual X-ray 
diffraction method, in which pattern any clear crystal line peak cannot be 
obserbed, and further means the structure in which so-called 
micro-crystalline of the grain diameter of several tens .ANG. are present. 
Further, the polycrystalline structure of the grain size of less than 1000 
.ANG. means all the micro-structures in which the largest grain size is 
less than 1000 .ANG., and therefore includes the non-crystalline 
structure, the microcrystalline structure, the polycrystalline structure 
and the heterostructure as the mixture of the above-mentioned three 
structures. Such a structure can be confirmed accurately by observing the 
transmission image, the diffraction pattern or the lattice image of the 
deposited films with a transmission electron-microscopy. 
The annealing may be carried out in a vacuum, a dried air on a nitrogen 
atmosphere, however, in order to maintain the atmosphere in a uniform 
state, the dried air or a nitrogen atmosphere is preferable. The annealing 
is carried out in the atmosphere maintained at a temperature of higher 
than 60.degree. C. to less than 130.degree. C., preferably 60.degree. C. 
to 100.degree. C. and more preferably 60.degree. C. to 90.degree. C. In 
the case of using a plastic substrate, it is preferable that the 
temperature of the annealing is sufficiently lower than the softening 
point of the plastic substrate, and for instance, a temperature of lower 
than 90.degree. C. is preferable in the case of annealing a substrate made 
of a polycarbonate resin. 
Although it is necessary to carry out the annealing until the 
micro-structure in the film is no more change, about 10 min is sufficient 
as the time of the annealing to the recording medium according to the 
present invention. However, in order to remove a garlic-like odor which is 
specific to the Te based recording medium, it is effective to carry out 
the annealing for about one hour. 
Although the annealing may be carried out in succession after finishing the 
sputtering at a higher temperature than that during deposition of the 
films, the treated substrate is usually taken out once from the sputtering 
vacuum system to be cooled to room temperature and then subjected to the 
annealing. 
Although the fluorine content in the deposited film decreases by the 
annealing, in order to obtain the above-mentioned stable and 
micro-structure after the annealing, since the fluorine atom effectively 
terminates dangling bond of Te, the fluorine content contained in the 
films is from 0.1 to 30 atomic % after the annealing. It is preferable 
that the above-mentioned fluorine content is from 1 to 20 atomic %, and 
there is a tendency in which the grain diameter of the crystals is apt to 
be larger than 1000 .ANG. after the annealing in the case where the 
fluorine content is below 0.1 atomic %. Moreover, in the case where the 
fluorine content is more than 30 atomic %, the shapes of pits have serious 
irregularities and such a high content is not preferable. Still more, in 
the case where the fluorine content is more than 20 atomic %, there is a 
tendency of raising the crystallization temperature. 
It is preferable that the micro-structure in the above-mentioned recording 
layer is sufficiently stabilized by the annealing at a temperature of from 
not less than 60.degree. C. to less than 100.degree. C., particularly at a 
temperature of not more than 90.degree. C. By controlling the mixing ratio 
of the selenium fluoride gas and argon gas, it is possible to control the 
amorphous-to-crystalline transition temperature of the recording medium 
according to the present invention within the above-mentioned range. 
According to the present invention, it is possible to stabilize the 
birefringence value of the above-mentioned plastic substrate by carrying 
out the annealing. Particularly, in the case of using a plastic substrate 
in which the birefringence in the parpendicular direction to the surface 
of the substrate after the annealing is not more than 30 nm, the noise due 
to the fluctuation of the readout signals derived from birefringence in a 
method of detecting the readout light through the substrate is reduced to 
the negligible extent. 
Although in the recording medium according to the present invention, the 
recording layer has been diposited directly on the substrate as has been 
described above, it is also available to provide an underlayer between the 
substrate and the recording layer for the purposes of improving the 
recording sensitivity and the shape of pits, etc., and further, it is 
available to provide a protective layer on the above-mentioned recording 
medium for the protection of the recording medium. Particularly, it is 
effective to use an underlayer made of a fluorocarbon polymer. 
As the underlayer of a fluorocarbon polymer, various kind are considered 
corresponding to the performance required to the optical recording medium 
which is to be obtained. 
A dry-process in vacuum is favorable for producing the underlayer from the 
viewpoint of the uniformity of the layer, the decrease of pin-holes and 
the constitution of in-line process with the recording layer, and in the 
concrete, a plasma polymerized film of a fluorocarbon, a sputtered film of 
a polyfluorocarbon, a vacuum evaporated film of a polyfluorocarbon, etc. 
is exemplified. As the fluorocarbon, a perfluoroalkane such as CF.sub.4, 
C.sub.2 F.sub.6, etc., a perfluoroalkene such as CF.sub.3 CFCF.sub.2, 
perfluorohexane, perfluorobenzene, etc. may be exemplified. Namely, any 
fluorocarbon may be used even if it is a gas or a liquid at normal 
temperature, provided that the fluorocarbon has an adequately high vapour 
pressure, glow discharge can be sustained in a vacuum chamber after 
filling the chamber with the vapour of the fluorocarbon at a pressure of 
the order of higher than 10.sup.-3 Torr and the fluorocarbon has a high 
degree of substitution by fluorine. The plasma polymerized film of 
fluorocarbon can be formed by using the above-mentioned fluorocarbon as 
the monomer and using a capacitively coupled electric discharge or 
inductively coupled electric discharge. Moreover, as another method, the 
films ma be deposited by the sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene, 
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, copolymer of 
tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxyethylene, etc. in the gasous region 
such as argon gas, a gaseous mixture of the inert gas and the 
above-mentioned monomer, etc. 
Still more, it is available to carry out a vacuum evaporation, of a 
polyfluorocarbon, however, deposition rate of the film is generally slower 
than the above-mentioned two methods. 
The thickness of the underlayer of the fluorocarbon polymer is ordinally 
100 to 1000 .ANG.. 
The above-mentioned underlayer of the fluorocarbon polymer exerts an 
influence or the shape of pits, the presence or absence of remnants in the 
pits, the recording sensitivity of the recording medium, etc. according to 
the conditions of the interface between the above-mentioned underlayer and 
the recording layer. Accordingly, an exact evaluation concerning the 
composition and the structure of the underlayer surface of the 
fluorocarbon polymer, and a control thereof in the manufacturing step are 
important. 
As an evaluating method, ESCA method (electron spectroscopy for chemical 
analysis) which can obtain extremely useful information is exemplified. 
Namely, in the present invention, the composition and the structure of the 
underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer was evaluated by the ESCA method. 
According to ESCA method, the kinds of the elements, their composition and 
the state of chemical bonding in the vicinity of the surface of the 
specimen can be analyzed from the energy spectrum of the photoelectron 
turned out of the atoms in the compound of the specimen by the irradiation 
of soft X-ray. 
In the present invention, the spectrum of the fluorine lS orbital(F.sub.1S) 
and the spectrum of the carbon 1S orbital(C.sub.1S) on the surface of the 
thin film of fluorocarbon polymer before forming the recording layer 
thereon were determined while using the ESCA spectrometer of the type of 
"XSAM-800" made by SPECTROS Company. The spectrum F.sub.1S consists of a 
single peak having the center in the vicinity of 688 eV of binding energy, 
and the C.sub.1S spectrum consists of several peaks having the centers in 
the region of from 285 to 294 eV of binding energy. The peaks concerning 
the -CF.sub.3 group and the &gt;CF.sub.2 groups can be discriminated 
particularly clearly from the other binding states. In the present 
invention, the peaks concerning the -CF.sub.3 group and the &gt;CF.sub.2 
groups may be identified by comparison with reference chemical shifts 
according to the method disclosed in literature (D. T. Clark and D. 
Shuttleworth, J. Poly. Sci., 18(80) page 27; K. Nakajima, A. T. Bell and 
M. Shen, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 23(79) page 2627, etc.), the ratio of each 
integral peak area intensity to the whole integral intensity of C.sub.1S 
is calculated and the thus calculated ratios were made to be "-F.sub.3 /C" 
and "&gt;CF.sub.2 /C". Namely, "-F.sub.3 /C" is the ratio of carbon atoms 
forming the -F.sub.3 groups to total carbon atoms and "&gt;CF.sub.2 /C" is 
the ratio of carbon atoms forming the &gt;CF.sub.2 groups to total carbon 
atoms. Furthermore, the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the 
number of carbon atoms can be calculated from the peak area ratio of 
C.sub.1S to F.sub.1S. 
The relationship between the composition and the structure of the obtained 
underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer by the above-mentioned method and the 
specific properties of the optical recording medium, and furthermore the 
controlling method of the composition and the structure thereof are 
explained as follows. Then, it is easily to select the most suitable 
composition and structure of the underlayer of the fluorocarbon polymer 
along each kind of the recording layer containing Te, Se and F. 
Namely, the relationship between the composition of the underlayer of 
fluorocarbon polymer and the specific property as the optical recording 
medium are primarily due to the ratio (F/C) of the number of fluorine 
atoms to the number of carbon atoms in the surface of the underlayer which 
contacts to the recording layer. 
In the case where the F/C ratio is less than 0.9, the effect of the 
improvement of the sensitivity is scarcely observed as compared to the 
case where the recording layer is deposited directly on the polycarbonate 
substrate. With the increase of the F/C ratio from 0.9, the power of the 
laser beam necessary for recording decreases monotonously, namely, the 
recording sensitivity is improved. The above-mentioned improvement of the 
recording sensitivity is saturated in the F/C ratio of not less than 1.4. 
Further, in the case where the F/C ratio is not less than 1.4, there are no 
remnants in the pits and the uniform pits having smooth and well-defined 
rim are formed without according to the difference of the process for 
producing the underlayer and of the detailed morphology of the underlayer 
surface, and a high C/N ratio (Carrier to Noise Ratio) can be attained. 
Accordingly, it is suitable for offering an optical recording medium 
particularly high in the sensitivity and the C/N ratio to make the F/C 
ratio not less than 1.4. 
However, in the case where the F/C ratio is more than 1.8, since the 
adhesion between the recording layer and the underlayer deteriorates, 
there is a tendency that the minimum size of the pits is apt to be 
enlarged in the case of forming the pits by the same laser power as 
compared to the case where the F/C ratio is not more than 1.8. Namely, 
there is a limit of carrying out the recording of high density. 
In order to perform the high density recording, it is necessary to make the 
size of the pits to be small, and for that purpose, it is necessary to 
increase the work of adhesion between the recording layer and the 
underlayer to an extent. In the case where the F/C ratio is not less than 
1.4, the adhesion is nearly constant and there is no effect of improving. 
By making the F/C ratio to be less than 1.4, the adhesion increase and it 
is possible to make the size of the pits small. Accordingly, by making the 
F/C ratio of not less than 0.9 to less than 1.4, the recording of high 
density can be attained while improving the recording sensitivity. 
However, in the case where the F/C ratio is not less than 0.9 to less than 
1.4, there are cases where the remnants remain in the pits and the shapes 
of the rim reveal irregularities under conditions on preparing the layer 
of fluorocarbon polymer, and there are cases where a high C/N ratio can 
not be obtained in the case where the F/C ratio is not less than 1.4 
cannot be obtained, however, the C/N ratio in case of the F/C ratio of not 
less than 0.9 to less than 1.4 is superior to that in case of using no 
underlayer. 
In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems concerning the disorder 
of the pit shape, it is necessary to control not only the composition 
ratio of fluorine atom to carbon atom in the layer of fluorocarbon polymer 
but also the structure of the layer. Namely, the purpose is attained, in 
the C.sub.1S spectrum obtained by the ESCA method, by controlling the 
composition of the underlayer so that not less than 18 atomic % of the 
total carbon atoms construct the -F.sub.3 groups and from not less than 18 
to less than 40 atomic % of the total carbon atoms construct the &gt;CF.sub.2 
groups. 
In the case where the amount of the &gt;CF.sub.2 group is too small, the 
sensitivity is poor, and on the other hand, in the case where the amount 
thereof is too large, the size of the pits becomes too large. Namely, the 
above-mentioned these media are not suitable for the recording of high 
density. In addition, in the case where the amount of the -F.sub.3 group 
is too small, remnants remain in the pits and the pit shape reveal 
irregularities. Since the irregularities are detected as the noise, the 
C/N ratio (Carrier to Noise Ratio) is low. 
Although a particularly favorable pit shape and accordingly, a remarkable 
improving effect of the C/N ratio is obtained by applying the 
above-mentioned conditions to the thin underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer, 
particularly, of the F/C ratio of from not less than 0.4 to less than 1.4. 
An improvement of the C/N ratio can be obtained, although in a some 
degree, by applying the above-mentioned conditions to the case where the 
F/C ratio is not less than 1.4 and not more than 1.8. 
Since the above-mentioned ratio (F/C) of fluorine atom to carbon atom and 
the construction concerning the rate of &gt;CF.sub.2 and -F.sub.3 control the 
interface of the underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer, which contacts to the 
recording layer, it is enough that only the surface region of the 
underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer, which contacts to the recording layer, 
has the above-mentioned composition, and it is not necessary to make the 
whole underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer have the above-mentioned 
composition. 
In the case of making the composition and structure of the underlayer 
comprising a thin layer of fluorocarbon polymer most suitable according to 
the above-mentioned results, it is necessary to take care of the 
combination of several recording layers and the combination with the 
driving system which effects the recording and readout. The thin layer of 
fluorocarbon polymer can be optimized flexibly by only changing the raw 
materials such as the gaseous monomer, the sputtering target etc. or by 
controlling the discharge conditions even in the case of using the same 
apparatus for fabricating the layer. 
Furthermore, the capacitively coupled plasma polymerization can be 
actualized by only exchanging the target of the sputtering apparatus 
taking the parallel electrode structure with the material which is not 
subjected to sputtering such as stainless steel, and in the same 
sputtering apparatus, the plasma polymerization of a monomeric 
fluorocarbon and the sputtering of polyfluorocarbon can be carried out. 
The above-mentioned method has a merit of having a large for selecting the 
process for production and the raw material. Furthermore, it is also easy 
to construct an in-line process including the process for preparing the 
recording layer by the reactive sputtering method. 
The method for controlling the composition and structure of the thin 
underlayer of fluorocarbon will be explained in detail as follows. 
The sputtering of polyfluorocarbon (tetrafluoroethylene polymer, copolymer 
of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, copolymer of 
tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxyethylene, etc.) is carried out by 
introducing argon gas under a pressure of from 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 
1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr between the parallel electrodes and applying an 
electric field of a radio frequency thereon. 
The plasma polymerization of a fluorocarbon (tetrafluoroethylene, 
hexafluoropropylene, etc.) is carried out by introducing a monomeric 
fluorocarbon under a pressure of from 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 
1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr also between the parallel electrodes and applying 
an electric field of a radio frequency thereon. 
Also, the vacuum evaporation may be carried out by an electric resistance 
heating method. The F/C ratio in the surface layer of fluorocarbon polymer 
obtained by using a capacitively coupled plasma polymerization apparatus 
depends on the monomeric gas, the form of the apparatus, the conditions of 
electric discharge and particularly, on the discharge power and the 
pressure of the gaseous monomer, and as the F/C ratio, those in the range 
of from 0.2 to 1.5 are easily available. In the surface of fluorocarbon 
polymer layer obtained by sputtering, the F/C ratio is easily available in 
the range of from 1.1 to 1.8. 
In order to make the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to that of 
carbon atoms in the surface of the above-mentioned underlayer, which 
contacts to the recording layer, to be not less than 0.9, the radicals 
such as -F.sub.3, &gt;CF.sub.2, etc. are made to be generated in numbers as 
large as possible and made to impinge onto the glowing surface of the 
films. Or else, there is a method by which the growing surface of the thin 
layer of fluorocarbon polymer, which has once adhered to the substrate, is 
made not to be exposed to high energy particles (electrons and ions) in 
the plasma as far as possible. 
Concretely, in the sputtering method, it is preferable that F/C ratio of 
the target material is raised, the distance between the electrodes is also 
separated and the power of the electrical discharge is raised to increase 
the deposition rate of the layer of fluorocarbon polymer. 
Still more, F/C ratio can be raised also by mixing a monomeric fluorocarbon 
such as CF.sub.4, C.sub.2 F.sub.6, etc. with the inert gas such as argon 
gas, etc. which is used in the sputtering. Furthermore, F/C ratio can be 
raised by raising F/C ratio of the evaporated polyfluorocarbon in the 
vacuum evaporation method. 
On the other hand, in the plasma polymerization method by the inductively 
coupled electric discharge, the substrate is established while avoiding 
the internal part of the coil, wherein the density of the plasma is high, 
and in the plasma polymerization method by the capacitively coupled 
electric discharge, the distance between the parallel electrodes is 
separated and the substrate is established on one of the electrodes, 
preferably on the electrode in the earth side. 
Also, the rate of the &gt;CF.sub.2 group and the -F.sub.3 group can be 
relatively increased by using a lower electric power of discharge, a 
higher pressure of the gaseous substance and a higher flow rate of the 
gaseous substance. 
The ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to that of carbon atoms in the 
underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer, which contacts to the recording layer, 
is 0.9 to 1.8, and further not less than 18 atomic % of the total carbon 
atoms are preferably made to constitute the -F.sub.3 group and further, 
from not less than 18 atomic % to less than 40 atomic % of the total 
carbon atoms are preferably made to constitute the &gt;CF.sub.2 group. 
Namely, it is necessary to control the fine structure thereof shown by 
ESCA spectrum. 
For this purpose, it is available that the structures of the plasma 
polymerized layer of fluorocarbon and the sputtered layer of fluorocarbon 
polymer reflect those of the gaseous monomer and the target material to a 
certain extent. In the case where the -F.sub.3 groups are contained in a 
large amount in the gaseous monomer or in the case where the -F.sub.3 
groups are rich in the radicals and the ions generated in the plasma, the 
-F.sub.3 groups are apt to be taken into the polymerized layer. For 
instance, in the case of using hexafluoropropylene as the monomer, it is 
possible to raise the rate of the -F.sub.3 groups in the polymerized layer 
to a higher extent than in the case of using tetrafluoroethylene as the 
monomer. Moreover, by mixing carbon tetrafluoride with 
tetrafluoroethylene, the content of the -F.sub.3 group in the polymerized 
layer can be raised also. Still more, there is a tendency that a large 
amount of the &gt;CF.sub.2 groups are contained in a deposited layer made 
from monomer gas containing the unsaturated bond. The layer deposited by 
sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene also reflects the structure of the 
target and contains the &gt;CF.sub.2 group in a large amount, however, the 
ratio of the -F.sub.3 group can be raised also by carrying out the 
reactive sputtering with a gaseous mixture obtained by mixing 
hexafluoropropylene or carbon tetrafluoride with argon gas. 
For example, to the plasma polymerized layer of hexafluoropropylene 
according to the present invention, a structure which fulfills the 
requisites of the present invention has been obtained in the conditions of 
the pressure of 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr, the flow rate 
of the gas of 300 to 500 cc/min (determined by capillary-type flow meter 
set up for argon gas) and the electric power of discharge in the range of 
from 100 to 200 W. 
However, in the plasma polymerization and the sputtering method, it is well 
known that the electric discharge conditions depend on the shape and 
performances of the using apparatus (size and shape of the vacuum chamber, 
vent property, introducing method of the reactive gas, and shape, size and 
structure of the electrodes). Accordingly, in the above-mentioned 
description and Examples, concrete values of a gas pressure at the 
electric discharge, flow rate, electric discharge power, etc. are to be 
optimalized according to individual apparatus, and the present invention 
is not limited by the above-mentioned concrete values. Further, in the 
case of using the apparatus having the same shape, size, structure and 
performances, it is easily to have reproducibility. 
In the present invention, a layer of chlorofluorocarbon polymer may be used 
as the underlayer. In such a case, it is preferable to have the layer 
wherein the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to that of carbon atoms 
in the surface of the underlayer, which contacts to the recording layer, 
is 0.9 to 1.4 and it contains chlorine in an extent of from 5 to 15 atomic 
%. 
The thin layer of chlorofluorocarbon is available by the sputtering of 
polychlorotrifluoroethylene, the reactive sputtering of 
polytetrafluoroethylene in a gaseous mixture of argon gas and a 
chlorofluorocarbon gas such as FRON 113 (CCl.sub.2 F - CClF.sub.2) or the 
plasma treatment by chlorofluorocarbon of the surface of the deposited 
layer by sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene. Furthermore, the thin 
layer of chlorofluorocarbon is available by carrying out plasma 
polymerization while using the chlorofluorocarbon gas as the monomer. The 
thickness of the above-mentioned layer is generally from 20 to 1000 .ANG.. 
In the above-mentioned thin layer of fluorocarbon polymer containing 
chlorine atoms, since the chlorine atom terminates dangling bonds of the 
carbon atoms in the same manner as in the case of fluorine atoms, the 
crosslinking of carbon atoms has been hindered and accordingly, the layer 
has a structure low in the crosslinking degree. Consequently, it is 
considered that the resistance in the case of removing the melted 
substances in the recording layer becomes small. On the other hand, since 
chlorine atom, in contrast with fluorine atom, has an effect on increasing 
the surface tension of high polymeric substances, the adhesion itself is 
raised to a considerable extent. In order to evaluate the adhesion of the 
recording layer to the underlayer according to the present invention by 
using a simple peeling method, it has been confirmed that the adhesion of 
the underlayer containing chlorine atoms is several times as large as that 
of the underlayer not containing chlorine atom, while both underlayers 
having the same ratio of F/C. 
However, in the case where chlorine atoms are contained more than 15 atomic 
%, the adhesion thereof is reduced on the contrary. 
In the case of the present invention, it is enough that the composition of 
the surface of the underlayer, which contacts to the recording layer, is 
made to be the above-mentioned composition and it is not necessary to make 
the composition of the whole underlayer to be the above-mentioned 
composition. 
By subjecting the thus obtained underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer to a 
plasma treatment by an inert gas before forming the recording layer on the 
underlayer, the adhesion can be improved, the shortest pit length is 
shortened and on the other hand, the high sensitivity and the improvement 
of the shape of pit can be achieved. 
In the case where the plasma treatment is utilized and the recording layer 
is an alloy containing Te and Se, it is more favorable to treat the layer 
of fluorocarbon polymer so that the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms 
to the number of carbon atoms in the surface of the layer of fluorocarbon 
polymer, which contacts to the recording layer, is from 1.0 to 1.2. 
Due to the coming off of fluorine atoms, the surface tension of the surface 
of the layer of fluorocarbon polymer becomes larger, and moreover, due to 
the crosslinking of carbon atoms the density and the molecular weight of 
the crosslinked layer in the surface of the layer of fluorocarbon polymer 
are raised. 
Every one of the above-mentioned changes of the surface layer has an effect 
of raising the adhesion between the recording layer and the underlayer. 
The thickness and the degree of crosslinking of the above-mentioned 
surface layer can be controlled by the condition of plasma discharge, 
particularly by the power of discharge and the time period of exposure to 
the plasma and the distance between the substrate and the electrode, and 
as a result, it is possible to control and adhesion of the recording layer 
to the underlayer broadly and to set each kind of the recording layer in 
the optimum state. 
The above-mentioned effect of the plasma treatment of the surface of the 
thin layer of fluorocarbon polymer has been confirmed as follows. 
At first, a sputtered layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was prepared, 
and the layer was subjected to the plasma treatment by argon plasma under 
a pressure of 5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr at a discharge power of 100 W, and 
thereafter the contact angle of the layer and the atomic ratio (F/C) of 
fluorine atom to carbon atom within 10 nm from the surface of the layer 
were measured according to the ESCA method. The determination of the 
atomic ratio (F/C) by the ESCA method was carried out as that described 
before. 
It has been confirmed that the contact angle and F/C ratio were reduced 
with the increase of the time period of the treatment. On the other hand, 
in the case where a recording layer of TeSe-SeF.sub.6 series was formed on 
the plasma treated underlayer of fluorocarbon polymer, and the adhesion 
was measured by the simple peeling method, it was found that the adhesion 
was increased by several times as compared to the adhesion measured before 
subjecting the layer to the treatment. 
In the following, the improving effect in the recording and reading-out 
property of the optical informations storage medium according to the 
present invention will be described in detail while referring to the 
non-limitative Examples. 
EXAMPLE 1 
FIG. 2 shows one example of the apparata for producing the medium for 
optical recording medium according to the present invention by the 
reactive sputtering method. 
In FIG. 2, (5) is a vacuum chamber, (6) are cathode and anode electrodes, 
(7) is a target of an alloy containing Te and Se, (8) is a substrate, (9) 
is a gas inlet, (10) is a shutter and (11) is an exhaust gas outlet. 
At first, the vacuum chamber (5) was evacuated to the back pressure of the 
order of 10.sup.-6 Torr and then, argon gas was introduced into the 
chamber (5) from the gas inlet (9) to raise the inner pressure of the 
chamber (5) to 5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr. A radio frequency voltage at 13.56 
MHz was continuously applied between the electrodes (6) to cause glow 
discharge, and the above-mentioned state was kept for about 10 min to 
clean the surface of the target (7). Thereafter, the inner space of the 
chamber (5) was evacuated again to the extent of 10.sup.-6 Torr, and a 
gaseous mixture of 90% by volume of argon and 10% by volume of gaseous 
SeF.sub.6 was introduced into the chamber (5) from the gas inlet (9) to 
make the total pressure to 5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr. Thereafter, by applying 
a radio frequency voltage of 50 W at 13.56 MHz between the anodic 
electrode (6) on the side of the substrate and the cathodic electrode (6) 
on the side of the target (7), thereby a glow discharge was caused for 
carrying out the sputtering. As the target, an alloy of 88 atomic % of Te 
and 12 atomic % of Se was used, and a sputtered layer of 40 nm in 
thickness was deposited on the substrate. The content of Se in the thus 
deposited layer was 15 atomic %, and the content of fluorine atom therein 
was 20 atomic %. Thereafter, the recording and reading-out were carried 
out on the thus produced optical recording medium by a semiconductor laser 
diode of wave length of 830 nm (pulse width of 500 n sec). A sensitivity 
of 4 mW and a C/N ratio (Carrier to noise ratio) of 52 dB were obtained. 
EXAMPLE 2 
After evacuating a vacuum chamber to 3.times.10.sup.-6 Torr, argon gas was 
introduced to a pressure of 1.times.10.sup.31 2 Torr, and by causing a 
glow discharge at 100 W of a high frequency electric power of 13.56 MHz, a 
sputtered layer (F/C ratio of 1.6) of about 150 .ANG. was made to deposite 
on a substrate of polycarbonate resin. Thereafter, the electrode of the 
side of the substrate was moved to right over the alloy target made of 88% 
of Te and 12% of Se, and after carrying out presputtering, SeF.sub.6 gas 
was introduced into the chamber in a volume ratio of 10% to make the total 
pressure in the chamber to 5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr. Thereafter, by applying 
a radio frequency voltage of 50 W at 13.56 MHz between the electrode on 
the side of the substrate and the electrode on the side of the target, 
thereby a glow discharge was caused for carrying out the sputtering. A 
sputtering layer of 40 nm in thickness was deposited on the substrate. The 
content of Se in the thus deposited layer was 15 atomic %, and the content 
of fluorine atom therein was 20 atomic %. 
After that, on carrying out the recording and the reading-out on the thus 
fabricated optical recording medium by a semiconductor laser diode of a 
wave length of 830 nm (pulse width of 500 n sec), a C/N ratio of 57 dB was 
obtained. The recording sensitivity was 2.4 mW. 
FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of the thus obtained 
optical recording medium. In FIG. 1, (1) is a substrate, (2) is an 
underlayer, (3) is a recording layer and (4) is a channel for track servo. 
EXAMPLE 3 
By flowing 50 cc/min of monomeric tetrafluoroethylene (determined by 
capillary-type flow meter set up for argon gas) and 15 cc/m of argon gas 
through a mass-flow controller which had been calibrated to argon, the 
vacuum chamber was filled with the reactive gas at total pressure of 
5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr. To a capacitively coupled radio frequency voltage 
had been used, a radio frequency voltage of 13.56 MHz was applied to cause 
a glow discharge for 5 min at a discharge power of 100 W, thereby forming 
a plasma polymerized layer (F/C ratio of 1.1) of a thickness of about 150 
.ANG.. After that, in the same manner as in Example 2, a deposited layer 
of Te, Se and F was formed in a thickness of about 40 nm. 
Thereafter, on carrying out the recording and reading-out on the thus 
produced optical recording medium in the same manner as in Example 2, a 
C/N ratio of 56 dB was obtained. The recording sensitivity was 3.4 mW. 
COMATIVE EXAMPLE 1 
After evacuating a vacuum chamber to 3.times.10.sup.-6 Torr, argon gas was 
introduced into the vacuum chamber and a glow discharge was caused between 
the substrate and the target by a radio frequency voltage of 50 W at 13.56 
MHz. 
As the target, an alloy of 85 atomic % of Te and 15 atomic % of Se was 
used, and a Te-Se deposite layer of 400 .ANG. in thickness was formed on 
the substrate. On carrying out a recording-reading-out test by a 
semiconductor laser diode on the thus obtained optical recording medium, 
the C/N ratio was 45 dB. The recording sensitivity was 4.5 mW. There were 
local irregularity of recording sensitivity. 
Moreover, in the case of forming a deposited layer of Te and Se by 
sputtering only with argon gas on the underlayer comprising a sputtered 
layer of fluorocarbon polymer formed in the same manner as in Example 2, 
the C/N ratio was only 45 dB. In addition, the recording sensitivity was 4 
mW. 
EXAMPLES 4 to 6, COMATIVE EXAMPLES 2 and 3 
The vacuum chamber was evacuated to the extent of 10.sup.-6 Torr, and then 
SeF.sub.6 gas to argon gas was introduced thereinto at a flow ratio shown 
in Table 1, and by applying a high frequency voltage between the 
electrodes in the same manner as in Example 1, an electric discharge was 
caused. 
The discharge power and the pressure within the vacuum chamber were the 
same as shown in Table 1. Further, glass substrates of a thickness of 12 
mm were used. The thickness of each of the deposited layer by sputtering 
was from 300 to 400 .ANG.. The fluorine content (shown by atomic %) of the 
layer after annealing was the same as that shown in Table 1. In order to 
evaluate the annealing temperature necessary for stabilizing the crystal 
structure of the deposited layer by sputtering, the dependencies of the 
transmission of recording layer on temperature were measured. As an 
example of the pattern of the temperature change of the transmission, the 
pattern of a specimen of Example 4 in Table 1 in the case of raising a 
temperature at 13.degree. C./min is shown in FIG. 3. It has been confirmed 
by the X-ray and electron beam diffraction and the transmission electron 
microscopic image that the rapid change of the transmissivity in the 
narrow temperature range as that shown in FIG. 3 is due to the change of 
micro-structure of the layer, that is, the growth of the crystalline and 
then the saturation of reflectivity means stabilization on the 
micro-structure. Table 1 shows the temperature at which the transmission 
changes, that is, the crystallization temperature of the layer 
(corresponding to the point on the dotted line of FIG. 3) in the case of 
raising a temperature at 13.degree. C./min and the maximum value of the 
grain size after crystallization. 
The medium for recording of Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Example 2 and 
3 was formed on the disk-shaped substrate of polycarbonate resin, wherein 
a hexafluoropropylene polymer as an underlayer was formed on the 
disk-shaped substrate of polycarbonate resin, and the change of the 
specific properties of the disk was examined before and after annealing, 
which was carried out in the air at 80.degree. C. for one hour. 
With the formation of the polycrystalline by the annealing, the 
reflectivity of the medium for recording became about 1.1 times of the 
initial value, and the thus raised value was stabilized at that level. By 
the above-mentioned procedure, it was possible to raise the intensity of 
carrier signals without increasing the noise of the readout signal. 
In Examples 4 to 5, a stabilized and uniform microstructure was formed by 
annealing, and it does not give any unfavorable effects such as noises in 
the readout signal. Further, there was no local irregularity of the 
sensitivity and the uniform pits were formed. As a result, an improvement 
of from 2 to 3 dB of C/N ratio (carrier to noise ratio) was effected. 
As comparative examples 2 and 3, the case where the selenium fluoride gas 
was not used and the case where carbon disulfide gas instead of a selenium 
fluoride gas were shown. In the cases of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, 
since the grain size thereof was large, the noise of the readout signal 
was high and the shape of the pits was also irregular. 
As are seen in the above mentioned Examples, the grain size of the 
polycrystalline of the recording medium according to the present invention 
was externally small, and it was possible to control the crystallization 
temperature, particularly to not less than 90.degree. C. 
Further, the optical specific properties were quite stable in the 
accelerated test at 65.degree. C. and 80% RH. Also, on examining the 
change in quality of the recording medium due to the repeated irradiation 
on the same track by the readout light, the degradation in quality of the 
medium before annealing began by the power of readout laser beam of 1.3 mW 
and the accurate readout was impossible, however, on the other hand, the 
quality of the medium was quite stable after the annealing. 
Accordingly, it was clearly seen that the stabilization of the 
micro-structure of the recording medium had been sufficiently attained by 
the annealing. 
In Example 6, the annealing at a temperature of not less than 90.degree. C. 
was necessary in order to obtain the same effect as above, and such medium 
was not suitable for use of the substrate of polycarbonate resin, wherein 
a hexafluoropropylene polymer as an underlayer was formed on the 
disk-shaped substrate of polycarbonate resin. 
TABLE 1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Content 
of Crystalli- 
Composi- 
Reac- 
Flow ratio Pres- 
fluorine 
zation 
Crystal 
tion of 
tive 
(reactive gas/ 
Discharge 
sure (atomic 
tempera- 
size C/N 
No. target 
gas Argon gas) 
power (W) 
(Torr) 
%) ture (.degree.C.) 
(.ANG.) 
(dB) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Example 
Te.sub.90 Se.sub.10 
SeF.sub.6 
5/200 300 5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
12 80 &lt;1000 55 
Example SeF.sub.6 
5/30 300 5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
25 90 &lt;500 55 
5 
Example SeF.sub.6 
30/30 300 5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
35 110 &lt;500 53 
6 
Compar- 
Te.sub.88 Se.sub.12 
-- 0/30 300 5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
-- Crystal- 
.ltoreq.20000 
45 
ative lized 
Example before 
2 annealing 
Compar- CS.sub.2 
5/30 50 5 .times. 10.sup.-3 
-- 80 &lt;5000 50 
ative 
Example 
3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
EXAMPLES 7 to 10 and COMATIVE EXAMPLES 4 to 8 
Each of several underlayers of fluorocarbon polymer shown in Table 2 was 
provided on a substrate (130 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm in thickness) of 
polycarbonate resin by the sputtering method or the plasma polymerization 
method. 
The sputtering by the fluorocarbon polymer (tetrafluoroethylene resin, 
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or copolymer of 
tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxyethylene) was carried out by 
introducing argon gas under a pressure range of from 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 
1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr between the parallel electrodes and applying a 
radio frequency voltage of from 50 to 200 W at 13.56 MHz. 
The plasma polymerization of the fluorocarbon (tetrafluoroethylene or 
hexafluoropropylene) was carried out by also introducing the gaseous 
monomer under a pressure range of from 5.times.10.sup.-3 to 
1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr between the parallel electrodes and applying a 
radio frequency voltage of from 100 to 600 W at 13.56 MHz. 
The reactive sputtering was carried out on the underlayer while using an 
alloy target consisting of 88% of Te and 12% of Se and introducing 
SeF.sub.6 gas and argon gas in the same manner as in Example 1, thereby a 
recording layer of a thickness of about 400 .ANG. was formed. (The 
composition of the thus obtained layers is the same as that of Example 1) 
F/C, CF.sub.3 /C, CF.sub.2 /C, the presence or absence of the remnants in 
the pits and the recording sensitivity of the thus obtained recording 
media were measured, the results being shown in Table 2. 
TABLE 2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
C/N ratio 
Remnants 
Recording 
(maximum 
Method for forming the in the 
sensitivity 
value) 
No. underlayer F/C 
-CF.sub.3 /C 
&gt;CF.sub.2 /C 
pits (mV) (dB) 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Example 
Sputtering of polyte- 
1.5 
21 33 none 2.5 54 
7 trafluoroethylene 
(discharge power of 
200 W) 
Compar- 
the same as above 
1.4 
12 28 yes 3.0 50 
ative 
(power of 50 W) 
Example 
Example 
Sputtering of copolymer 
1.7 
22 38 none 2.3 54 
8 of tetrafluoroethylene 
and hexafluoropropylene 
(power of 200 W) 
Example 
Sputtering of copolymer 
1.6 
22 37 none 2.3 54 
9 of tetrafluoroethylene 
and perfluoroalkoxyethyl- 
ene (power of 200 W) 
Compar- 
Plasma polymerization 
1.1 
15 20 yes 3.4 52 
ative 
of tetrafluoroethylene 
Example 
(power of 100 W) 
5 
Example 
Plasma polymerization 
1.3 
21 21 none 3.4 57 
10 of hexafluoropropylene 
(power of 100 W) 
Compar- 
the same as above 
0.9 
15 25 yes 3.5 50 
ative 
(power of 600 W) 
Example 
6 
Compar- 
Reactive sputtering of 
1.3 
17 36 almost 
3.4 50 
ative 
polytetrafluoroethylene none 
Example 
in a gaseous mixture of 
7 hexafluoropropylene and 
argon 
Compar- 
Without underlayer 
-- -- -- yes 4.0 48 
ative 
Example 
8 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
The recording and reading-out was carried out by a semiconductor laser beam 
while using the above-mentioned optical recording medium prepared on a 
disk-shaped substrate of polycarbonate resin of 130 mm in diameter. The 
power of the laser beam necessary for writing was taken as the recording 
sensitivity. In addition, the shapes of the thus formed pits were observed 
by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the presence or absence of the 
remnants in the pit. 
In the case where the remnants were absent, the rim of the pit was 
well-defined without any irregularity and the C/N ratio of the optical 
recording medium was improved by a few dB as compared to the case where 
the remnants were present. 
EXAMPLE 11 
By carrying out a sputtering on a disk-shaped substrate (diameter of 130 mm 
and thickness of 1.2 mm) of polycarbonate resin while using 
polychlorotrifluoroethylene as the target under a pressure of argon gas of 
1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr at discharge power of 100 W, an underlayer of a 
thickness of about 150 .ANG. was formed. On measuring the composition of 
the surface of the thus formed underlayer by the ESCA method, the ratio of 
the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms was 1.1 and the 
underlayer contained 12 atomic % of chlorine. 
By sputtering Te.sub.88 Se.sub.12 as the recording layer on the thus formed 
underlayer in a gaseous mixture of argon and SeF.sub.6, a medium of 
TeSe-SeF.sub.6 series (consisting of 15 atomic % of Se, 20 atomic % of F 
and the balance of Te and having a thickness of 400 .ANG.) was prepared. 
On the thus prepared optical recording medium, the evaluation of the 
writing and reading-out properties was carried out under the following 
conditions. 
Namely, the disk-shaped substrate was rotated at 1800 rpm, and the 
recording and reading-out were carried out on the tracks of the radius of 
about 30 mm from the rotating axis by a semiconductor laser diode of a 
wave length of 830 nm. The recording was carried out by a pulse light of 
1.0 MHz and duty of 50%. 
The dependency of C/N ratio (carrier to noise ratio) on the recording power 
is shown in FIG. 4 (a). The C/N ratio was larger than 55 dB and showed a 
stable specific property within a broad range of the recording power. On 
carrying out the SEM observation, any remnant could scarcely be found in 
the pits. 
COMATIVE EXAMPLE 9 
In FIG. 4, (b) and (c) respectively show the dependency of C/N ratio on the 
recording power in the cases of forming the same recording layer as in 
Example 2 on the underlayer of polytetrafluororethylene by sputtering 
wherein the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon 
atoms was 1.5 [in the case of (b)] and 1.25 [in the case of (c)]. Also in 
FIG. 4, (d) shows the case where the recording layer was directly formed 
on the substrate of polycarbonate without using an underlayer. 
Further, (e) in FIG. 4 shows the case wherein a reactive sputtering of 
polychlorotrifluoroethylene was carried out in a gaseous mixture of argon 
gas and CCl.sub.2 F-CClF.sub.2 to form a layer in which the ratio of the 
number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms was 0.85 and which 
contains 19 atomic % of chlorine, as the underlayer. 
In the case of (b) wherein the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the 
number of carbon atoms was high, if the content of chlorine was too large 
as in the case of (e), the C/N ratio is rapidly reduced with the increase 
of the recording power. It has been understood as the result of the SEM 
observation that the above-mentioned fact is due to the rapid increase of 
pit size with the increase of the recording power. On the other hand, 
although the pit size is stable in the cases of (c) and (d), the amount of 
the remnants in the pits was large and there was much irregularity in the 
shape of the pits and accordingly, only a low C/N ratio was obtained in a 
wide range of recording power. 
EXAMPLE 12 
A sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was carried out under a 
pressure of argon gas of 1.times.10.sup.-2 Torr and at a discharge power 
of 200 W to form a thin layer of a thickness of about 200 .ANG. on a 
disk-shaped substrate of polycarbonate resin. Thereafter, the thus 
prepared material was subjected to plasma treatment under a pressure of 
argon gas of 5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr at a discharge power of 50 W for 30 
sec. 
On the above-mentioned underlayer which had been treated, as a comparison 
the underlayer which had not been treated and the substrate without having 
any underlayer, reactive sputtering of Te.sub.88 Se.sub.12 was carried out 
in a gaseous mixture of SeF.sub.6 and argon gas, thereby forming a thin 
layer of a thickness of about 400 .ANG. which contains Te and Se in the 
same manner as Example 1. 
FIG. 5 shows the dependency of C/N ratio on the recording power. In FIG. 5, 
a.sub.1 shows the case of the underlayer which has not been treated in the 
plasma, b.sub.1 shows the case of the plasma treated underlayer and 
c.sub.1 shows the case of without having the underlayer. The sensitivity 
of the medium b.sub.1 was more improved than the sensitivity of the medium 
c.sub.1, and on the other hand, C/N ratio of the medium of b.sub.1 was 
larger than C/N ratio of the medium of a.sub.1 by from 2 to 3 dB, and the 
dependency of C/N ratio of the medium of b.sub.1 on the recording power is 
smaller than that of the medium of a.sub.1. It was found as the result of 
observation of SEM that the above-mentioned facts were due to the 
relatively slight increase of the pit size in the medium of b.sub.1 in 
contrast to the rapid increase of the pit size in the medium of a.sub.1 
with the increase of the recording power. 
Furthermore, the amount of the remnants in the pits was smaller in b.sub.1 
than in c.sub.1, and a uniform rim was formed in b.sub.1. 
The plasma treating conditions for obtaining the optimized property as 
b.sub.1 can be decided by the ESCA method. 
Namely, it is desirable to decide the treating conditions and the treating 
time period so that the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the 
number of carbon atoms in the layer within 10 nm from the treated surface 
is from 1.0 to 12. 
EXAMPLE 13 
A substrate of polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) or polycarbonate resin 
(PC) which had been preliminarily washed was set in a vacuum room, and 
after evacuating to about 1.times.10.sup.-6 Torr, 20 cc/min of argon 
(determined by capillary-type flow meter) and 5 cc/min of SeF.sub.6 
(determined by capillary-type flow meter set up for argon) were introduced 
into the room to raise the inner pressure thereof to about 
5.times.10.sup.-3 Torr. As a target material, Te was used. On carrying out 
the reactive sputtering while using a high frequency power of 50 W for 15 
sec between the electrodes of a distance of 80 mm, a deposited layer of 
about 250 .ANG. in thickness was obtained. 
In the case of recording the thus obtained layer (recording layer) by using 
a semiconductor laser diode of an output of 4 mW at 830 nm, on recording 
the layer deposited on the PMMA substrate, the pits were formed by the 
pulse width of 200 nsec, and on the layer deposited on the PC substrate, 
the pits were formed by the pulse width of 250 nsec. 
Further, after preserving the thus prepared specimens in an accelerating 
atmosphere of 60.degree. C. and 80% RH for one month, the light 
reflectivity (in the extent of 30%) at 830 nm did not show any change 
before and after the acceleration.