TECHNIQUES FOR ENERGY ALLOCATION

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link. The UE may identify a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE. The UE may allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link. The UE may transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy. Numerous other aspects are described.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for energy allocation.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

SUMMARY

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value. The method may include identifying a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE. The method may include allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request. The method may include transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The user equipment may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value. The one or more processors may be configured to identify a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE. The one or more processors may be configured to allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to identify a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value. The apparatus may include means for identifying a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE. The apparatus may include means for allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request. The apparatus may include means for transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG.1is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network100may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless network100may include one or more base stations110(shown as a BS110a,a BS110b,a BS110c,and a BS110d), a user equipment (UE)120or multiple UEs120(shown as a UE120a,a UE120b,a UE120c,a UE120d,and a UE120e), and/or other network entities. A base station110is an entity that communicates with UEs120. A base station110(sometimes referred to as a BS) may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, and/or a transmission reception point (TRP). Each base station110may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a base station110and/or a base station subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

In some aspects, the UE120may include a communication manager140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager140may allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value; identify a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE; allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request; and transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager140may perform one or more other operations described herein.

FIG.2is a diagram illustrating an example200of a base station110in communication with a UE120in a wireless network100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The base station110may be equipped with a set of antennas234athrough234t,such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE120may be equipped with a set of antennas252athrough252r,such as R antennas (R≥1).

In some aspects, the UE120includes means for allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value; means for identifying a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE; means for allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request; and/or means for transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy. The means for the user equipment (UE) to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager140, antenna252, modem254, MIMO detector256, receive processor258, transmit processor264, TX MIMO processor266, controller/processor280, or memory282.

Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G New Radio (NR) systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station (BS), 5G NB, gNodeB (gNB), access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. “Network entity” or “network node” may refer to a disaggregated base station, or to one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof).

FIG.3is a diagram illustrating an example300of a UE adapting transmit power over a moving integration window to satisfy one or more radio frequency (RF) radiation exposure limits, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Because UEs may emit RF waves, microwaves, and/or other radiation, UEs are generally subject to regulatory RF safety requirements that set forth specific guidelines, or exposure limits, that constrain various operations that the UEs can perform. For example, RF emissions may generally increase when a UE is transmitting, and the RF emissions may further increase in cases where the UE is performing frequent transmissions, high-power transmissions, or the like. Accordingly, because frequent and/or high-power transmissions may lead to significant RF emissions, regulatory agencies (e.g., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States) may provide information related to acceptable RF radiation exposure when UEs are communicating using different radio access technologies.

In some examples, RF exposure may be expressed in terms of a specific absorption rate (SAR), which measures energy absorption by human tissue per unit mass and may have units of watts per kilogram (W/kg). For example, when a UE is communicating using a RAT that operates in a frequency range below 6 GHz, the applicable RF exposure parameter may include the SAR. In particular, SAR requirements generally specify that overall radiated power by a UE is to remain under a certain level to limit heating of human tissue that may occur when RF energy is absorbed. Because SAR exposure may be used to assess RF exposure for transmission frequencies less than 6 GHz, SAR exposure limits typically cover wireless communication technologies such as 2G/3G (e.g., CDMA), 4G (e.g., 3GPP LTE), certain 5G bands (e.g., NR in 6 GHz bands), IEEE 802.11ac, and other wireless communication technologies.

RF exposure may also be expressed in terms of power density (PD), which measures energy absorption per unit area and may be expressed in units of mW/cm2. For example, when a UE is communicating using a RAT that operates in a high frequency range, such as a millimeter wave (mmW) frequency range, the applicable RF exposure parameter is PD, which may be regulated to limit heating of the UE and/or nearby surfaces. In certain cases, a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit in terms of PD may be imposed for wireless communication devices using transmission frequencies above 6 GHz. The MPE limit is a regulatory metric for exposure based on area, such as an energy density limit defined as a number, X, of watts per square meter (W/m2) averaged over a defined area and time-averaged over a frequency-dependent time window to prevent a human exposure hazard represented by a tissue temperature change. Because PD limits are typically used to assess RF exposure for transmission frequencies higher than 10 GHz, PD limits typically cover wireless communication technologies such as IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, certain 5G bands (e.g., mmWave bands), and other wireless communication technologies.

Accordingly, different metrics may be used to assess RF exposure for different wireless communication technologies. UEs generally must satisfy all applicable RF exposure limits (e.g., SAR exposure limits or PD (e.g., MPE) exposure limits), which are typically regulatory requirements that are defined in terms of aggregate exposure over a certain amount of time, and the aggregate exposure may be averaged over a moving integration window (or moving time window), sometimes referred to as a compliance window. Some RF exposure limits, such as SAR exposure limits and PD exposure limits, can be expressed in terms of energy. For example, an RF exposure limit can indicate an amount of radiated or absorbed energy that is permissible within a time window. This amount of energy can be used to identify power limits for UEs, as described below.

For example, as shown inFIG.3, and by reference number310, a UE may be subject to an average power limit (Plimit) that corresponds to an average power at which an SAR exposure limit and/or an MPE (e.g., PD) limit is satisfied if the UE were to transmit substantially continuously over a moving integration window of N seconds (e.g., 100 seconds). Accordingly, as shown by reference number320, the UE can use an instantaneous transmit power that exceeds the average power limit for a period of time provided that the average power over the moving integration window is under the average power limit at which the MPE limit is satisfied. For example, the UE may transmit at a maximum transmit power at the start of the moving integration window, and then reduce the instantaneous transmit power until the moving integration window ends, to ensure that the MPE limit on aggregate exposure (which may be expressed in terms of energy) is satisfied over the entire moving integration window. In general, as shown by reference number330, the UE may reduce the instantaneous transmit power to a reserve power level (Preserve), which is a minimum transmit power level to maintain a link with a base station.

A wireless communication device (e.g., UE120) may simultaneously transmit signals using multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, the wireless communication device may simultaneously transmit signals using a first wireless communication technology operating at or below 6 GHz (e.g., 3G, 4G, sub-6 GHz frequency bands of 5G, etc.) and a second wireless communication technology operating above 6 GHz (e.g., mmWave bands of 5G in 24 to 60 GHz bands, IEEE 802.11ad or 802.11ay). In certain cases, the wireless communication device may simultaneously transmit signals using the first wireless communication technology (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G in sub-6 GHz bands, IEEE 802.11ac, etc.) in which RF exposure is measured in terms of SAR, and the second wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G in 24 to 60 GHz bands, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, etc.) in which RF exposure is measured in terms of PD. By way of example, a UE may include multiple radios, modules, and/or antennas (referred to collectively herein simply as radios for convenience) corresponding to multiple RATs and/or frequency bands, which may be more readily understood with reference toFIG.4. Since the UE is required to satisfy all applicable RF exposure parameters, the UE may be subject to both SAR and MPE limitations, or may be subject to different RF exposure parameters for different radios, modules, or antenna bands, as described elsewhere herein.

As indicated above,FIG.3is described as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIG.3.

FIG.4is a diagram illustrating an example400of dual connectivity, in accordance with the present disclosure. The example shown inFIG.4is for an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)-NR dual connectivity (ENDC) mode. The ENDC mode is sometimes referred to as an NR or 5G non-standalone (NSA) mode. The ENDC mode is provided as one example of a scenario where a UE may implement multiple RAT technologies simultaneously, and thus may need to account for the RF exposure contribution of each RAT when satisfying any applicable RF exposure compliance limits. However, the described ENDC mode is provided merely as an example in which aspects of the technology may be employed, and in other aspects other dual connectivity modes and/or other multi-RAT communication technologies may be employed without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

In the ENDC mode, a UE120communicates using an LTE RAT on a master cell group (MCG), and the UE120communicates using an NR RAT on a secondary cell group (SCG). In some aspects, the UE120may communicate using dedicated radios corresponding to the multiple RATs. For example, for the ENDC mode, the UE120may communicate via the LTE RAT using a first radio, and the UE120may communicate via the NR RAT using a second radio. Moreover, aspects described herein may apply to an ENDC mode (e.g., where the MCG is associated with an LTE RAT and the SCG is associated with an NR RAT), an NR-E-UTRA dual connectivity (NEDC) mode (e.g., where the MCG is associated with an NR RAT and the SCG is associated with an LTE RAT), an NR dual connectivity (NRDC) mode (e.g., where the MCG is associated with an NR RAT and the SCG is also associated with the NR RAT), or another dual connectivity mode (e.g., where the MCG is associated with a first RAT and the SCG is associated with one of the first RAT or a second RAT). Furthermore, aspects described herein may apply to a mode where the UE120communicates, in addition to or instead of using one or both of the LTE RAT and/or NR RAT, via one or more additional communication technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, or the like. Thus, as used herein, “dual connectivity mode” may refer to an ENDC mode, an NEDC mode, an NRDC mode, and/or another type of dual connectivity mode (e.g., communications using two or more connections via 2G, 3G, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G NR, 6G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, etc.).

Returning to the ENDC example, and as shown inFIG.4, a UE120may communicate with both an eNB (e.g., a 4G base station110) and a gNB (e.g., a 5G base station110), and the eNB and the gNB may communicate (e.g., directly or indirectly) with a 4G/LTE core network, shown as an evolved packet core (EPC) that includes a mobility management entity (MME), a packet data network gateway (PGW), a serving gateway (SGW), and/or other devices. InFIG.4, the PGW and the SGW are shown collectively as P/SGW. In some aspects, the eNB and the gNB may be co-located at the same base station110. In some aspects, the eNB and the gNB may be included in different base stations110(e.g., may not be co-located).

As further shown inFIG.4, in some aspects, a wireless network that permits operation in a 5G NSA mode may permit such operations using an MCG for a first RAT (e.g., an LTE RAT or a 4G RAT) and an SCG for a second RAT (e.g., an NR RAT or a 5G RAT). In this case, the UE120may communicate with the eNB via the MCG, and may communicate with the gNB via the SCG. In some aspects, the MCG may anchor a network connection between the UE120and the 4G/LTE core network (e.g., for mobility, coverage, and/or control plane information), and the SCG may be added as additional carriers to increase throughput (e.g., for data traffic and/or user plane information). In some aspects, the gNB and the eNB may not transfer user plane information between one another. In some aspects, a UE120operating in a dual connectivity mode may be concurrently connected with an LTE base station110(e.g., an eNB) and an NR base station110(e.g., a gNB) (e.g., in the case of ENDC or NEDC), or may be concurrently connected with one or more base stations110that use the same RAT (e.g., in the case of NRDC). In some aspects, the MCG may be associated with a first frequency band (e.g., a sub-6 GHz band and/or an FR1 band) and the SCG may be associated with a second frequency band (e.g., a millimeter wave band and/or an FR2 band).

The UE120may communicate via the MCG and the SCG using one or more radio bearers (e.g., data radio bearers (DRBs) and/or signaling radio bearers (SRBs)). For example, the UE120may transmit or receive data via the MCG and/or the SCG using one or more DRBs. Similarly, the UE120may transmit or receive control information (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) information and/or measurement reports) using one or more SRBs. In some aspects, a radio bearer may be dedicated to a specific cell group (e.g., a radio bearer may be an MCG bearer or an SCG bearer). In some aspects, a radio bearer may be a split radio bearer. A split radio bearer may be split in the uplink and/or in the downlink. For example, a DRB may be split on the downlink (e.g., the UE120may receive downlink information for the MCG or the SCG in the DRB) but not on the uplink (e.g., the uplink may be non-split with a primary path to the MCG or the SCG, such that the UE120transmits in the uplink only on the primary path). In some aspects, a DRB may be split on the uplink with a primary path to the MCG or the SCG. A DRB that is split in the uplink may transmit data using the primary path until a size of an uplink transmit buffer satisfies an uplink data split threshold. If the uplink transmit buffer satisfies the uplink data split threshold, the UE120may transmit data to the MCG or the SCG using the DRB.

Again, although the example400depicted inFIG.4depicts an ENDC mode as one example of how a UE120may utilize more than one radio and/or RAT, the disclosure is not so limited, and in other aspects the UE120may employ two or more radios differently than in the manner described in connection withFIG.4. For example, a UE may include multiple radios corresponding to multiple RATs and/or frequency bands. For example, the UE may be capable of communicating using various RATs, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G NR, 6G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11ad, and/or 802.11ay. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may be capable of communication on various frequency bands within a RAT (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and/or FR5). Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects the UE may be capable of operating in modes in addition to those described in detail above including, for example, an uplink carrier aggregation (UL CA) mode, a dual subscriber identity module (SIM) dual active (DSDA) mode, a WiFi plus wide-area network (WAN) mode, and the like. For each RAT and/or frequency band, the UE may include a corresponding radio configured to communicate on that RAT and/or frequency band. Moreover, in some cases, a UE may be configured to communicate using two or more radios concurrently. For example, a UE may communicate over 5G NR while simultaneously communicating via Bluetooth or a similar RAT. As another example, the UE may communicate using multiple component carriers, such as via one or more component carriers using a first radio and via one or more other component carriers using a second radio. In such instances, each individual radio may use a certain level of allocated power to transmit communications, and collectively the transmitting radios must satisfy any applicable SAR exposure and/or MPE (e.g., PD) limitations. Thus, the techniques described herein provide power control for a plurality of communication links. A communication link can be associated with a radio, a RAT, a MCG link or SCG link of a dual connectivity mode, a component carrier, a combination thereof, or the like. For example, the techniques defined herein may provide power control for a first radio using a first RAT, a second radio using a second RAT, a third radio associated with a first component carrier of a given RAT, a fourth radio associated with a second component carrier of the given RAT, and so on. In some aspects, a pair of communication links and/or radios may be implemented using any of the dual connectivity and/or multi-radio modes described above.

When a UE is transmitting using more than one radio, the SAR and/or MPE contributions from each radio must collectively remain under the applicable SAR and/or MPE limits. Accordingly, for a given transmission timeframe or compliance window, a UE may allocate a portion of the total energy available for transmission (e.g., the total energy that can be utilized by the UE while remaining under the applicable SAR and/or MPE limits for the transmission timeframe) to each radio such that, collectively, the radios will not exceed the applicable SAR and/or MPE limits. Put another way, for given SAR exposure and PD limits (e.g., represented as SARlimand PDlim), the sum of the normalized SAR exposure and/or PD contributions of each radio (e.g., the SAR exposures and/or PD contribution of the radio, represented as SARiand/or PDi, divided by the applicable SAR exposure and/or PD limit, represented as SARlimand/or PDlim) must be less than or equal to one. Assuming that SAR exposure limits are applicable to radios operating in frequency bands below 6 GHz, and that MPE (e.g., PD) limits are applicable to radios operating in frequency bands above 6 GHz, the applicable SAR exposure and/or PD limits can be summarized as shown in the following equation:

To maintain power output of a UE such that the UE satisfies the above condition, a total transmission energy available to the UE for a given transmission timeframe or compliance window (referred to herein as an energy budget) is allocated among the various radios so that, if the radios transmit simultaneously, the collective power output remains under the applicable SAR exposure and/or MPE (e.g., PD) limits. In some cases, the UE may allocate a first amount of power for each radio of the UE (or more generally each communication link of the UE) so that high priority communications (such as control communications, certain types of data communications, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communications, acknowledgments or negative acknowledgments, signaling radio bearer communications, communications associated with a threshold priority value, or the like) can be maintained in the compliance window. Once the first amount of power has been allocated, there may be some portion of the energy budget left over. This portion may be referred to as remaining energy, low priority energy, excess energy, or the like, and may be represented by ERem(t) herein.

Different communication links of the UE (such as different radios of the UE) may consume energy differently, and energy consumption may vary over time. For example, a communication link with heavy traffic may use more energy in a time window than a radio with light traffic. As another example, a communication link associated with a sub-6 GHz frequency may consume a different amount of energy than a radio associated with a mmWave frequency. If the remaining energy is not allocated properly, then a communication link experiencing heavy traffic may be allocated insufficient energy and may therefore have to cease or throttle transmission, or a radio experiencing light traffic may be allocated too much energy, thereby reducing efficiency of energy allocation. Furthermore, static allocation of the remaining energy (such as without regard for ongoing operation of the UE) may lead to inefficient or suboptimal energy allocation.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide allocation of remaining energy to a plurality of communication links of a UE. For example, some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide allocation of the remaining energy based at least in part on energy demand associated with the UE, such as past energy usage, current energy demand, and/or predicted energy demand. Thus, the UE may take into account real-world energy usage and demand to distribute remaining energy in each RF exposure module. Thus, efficiency associated with uplink transmission is improved, and power management of the UE is improved.

FIG.5is a diagram illustrating an example500of management of an energy budget, in accordance with the present disclosure. The operations of example500may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE120). The operations of example500relate to a set of J communication links, where J is greater than or equal to 1. InFIG.5, the J communication links correspond to J radios of the UE. Each radio of the UE is associated with an uplink transmitter510. Furthermore, the UE is associated with an energy budget arbitration component505. The operations of example500are primarily described with regard to a first communication link associated with a first radio (shown as Radio0), though these operations can be applied for any number of communication links. Example500is an example of dynamic energy allocation for remaining energy based at least in part on past usage.

The energy budget arbitration component505may assign maximum energy limits for each communication link of the plurality of communication links (shown as Elim,jfor communication link j). The maximum energy limit may identify a maximum amount of energy that can be transmitted in the next transmission interval subject to MPE/SAR requirements. The energy budget arbitration component505may determine the maximum energy limit as Elim,j=Etotal*qj, for communication link j, where Etotalis the energy of the UE under MPE/SAR limitations for the next transmission interval. In some aspects, Etotalmay be referred to as a total energy budget of the UE. The value qjmay be referred to as an energy allocation coefficient. The energy allocation coefficient for a communication link j may indicate a portion of remaining energy (after an amount of energy, sometimes referred to herein as a first amount of energy or a second amount of energy, is allocated for communications having a threshold priority value) to be allocated to the communication link j. For example, a qjvalue of 0.2 may indicate that 20% of available energy is to be allocated as an amount of energy (sometimes referred to herein as a third amount of energy or a fourth amount of energy) to communication link j.

The UE (e.g., an energy allocation coefficient determination component of the UE) may determine qj, as shown by reference number515, and qj may be an input to the energy budget arbitration component505, as shown by reference number520. To determine qj, the UE may determine an averaged energy usage of each communication link j (referred to as Bj, and in some examples normalized by a compliance window size), and may apply upper and lower bounds to the averaged energy usage. For example, Bj=min(Bmax, max(Bmin, EusedAvg,j/Kj)), where Bmaxand Bminare upper and lower bounds of the averaged energy usage, Kjis the compliance window size of communication link j, and EusedAvg,jis an average energy usage of communication link j. As shown, the UE may determine EusedAvg,jbased at least in part on Eused,j. Eused,jmay represent a past energy usage associated with communication link j, and may be provided by the uplink transmitter510. The UE may determine the energy allocation coefficient of communication link j as an aggregate energy demand or energy request across all communication links, represented as qj=Bj/ΣkBk. In some aspects, qjmay be based at least in part on an energy request. For example, the energy request may be determined by the UE for a communication link based at least in part on the past energy usage. As another example, the energy request may be the past energy usage.

As shown by reference number525, the energy budget arbitration component505may provide Elim,jto the uplink transmitter510associated with communication link j. The UE (e.g., the uplink transmitter510) may determine an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the maximum energy limit. The UE may perform an uplink transmission in accordance with the uplink transmit power. In some aspects, the UE may iteratively perform the operations described with regard toFIG.5. For example, after performing the uplink transmission on communication link j, the UE may determine an updated value of Eused,j, update qj, and determine an updated value of Elim,j.

In this way, the UE may dynamically allocate available energy budget to all communication links (e.g., radios) based at least in part on past traffic and power reporting. Thus, the energy allocation coefficient (and the ensuing energy allocation) may track actual traffic demand, and may provide an efficient uplink transmit energy allocation while complying with SAR/MPE limits.

FIG.6is a diagram illustrating an example600of dynamic energy allocation based at least in part on present and/or predicted demand, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example600includes various components of a UE (e.g., UE120), including a Layer 1 (L1) component605, a Layer 2 (L2) component610, an RRC component615, and an energy allocation coefficient determination component620. The L1 component605may be associated with a physical layer entity of the UE. The L2 component610may be associated with a medium access control (MAC) layer entity of the UE. The RRC component615may be associated with an RRC layer entity of the UE.

In some aspects, the UE may determine an energy allocation coefficient based at least in part on a bearer configuration. For example, the UE may use information regarding a bearer configuration to determine a potential traffic demand. The potential traffic demand may be used to identify an energy demand (sometimes referred to herein as an energy request). Based at least in part on the potential traffic demand, the UE may determine energy allocation coefficients for allocation of remaining energy to communication links0through J. In example600, the UE may determine the energy allocation coefficient for a time window t.

As shown by reference number625, the RRC component615may provide bearer configuration information (such as an RRC bearer configuration, and shown as bearerConfigInfob(t) to the energy allocation coefficient determination component620. The bearer configuration information may indicate a bearer type (e.g., whether a bearer is a data bearer, a signaling bearer, or a split bearer), a bearer primary path and/or a split threshold associated with one or more bearers of a communication link. As shown by reference number630, the L2component610may provide information indicating a buffer size (e.g., a current buffer size, shown as bearerBufSizeb(t)) to the energy allocation coefficient determination component620. The UE (e.g., the energy allocation coefficient determination component620) may use the information shown by reference numbers625and630to determine an energy allocation coefficient For example, the UE may determine qj(t)=function{bearerConfigInfob(t), bearerBufSizeb(t)}. Thus, the UE may predict at what times the UE may transmit, and which communication links may benefit from an energy allocation. In one example, shown inFIG.7, a UE may implement the function for determining qj(t) for a radio1and a radio2, and for a VoIP bearer and a data bearer, using a table700. If “Split traffic” is encountered in table700, such as at reference number705, the UE may determine the energy allocation coefficient and thus the corresponding amount of energy for the communication link based at least in part on a radio characteristic, such as a total configured bandwidth (BWTot,j(t), provided to the energy allocation coefficient determination component620in connection with reference number635ofFIG.6), a channel metric (y, provided to the energy allocation coefficient determination component620in connection with reference number640ofFIG.6), a buffer size (bearerBufSizeb(t)), an RF exposure design power level (PDesign,j(t), provided to the energy allocation coefficient determination component620in connection with reference number645ofFIG.6), a load (e.g., an energy request), an energy per byte, or the like. For example, the UE may determine a metric mj(t)=φ{BWTot,j(t), γj(t), PDesign,j(t), FUsage,j(t), . . . }. FUsage,j(t) is an optional parameter that indicates whether to take into account past usage and/or present usage for determination of the energy allocation coefficient, and may be provided to the energy allocation coefficient determination component in connection with reference number650ofFIG.6. Using mj(t), the UE may determine qj(t) as mj(t)/sum{mj(t) over all active communication links}. γ may include, for example, a path loss, an energy per byte statistic, a signal to noise ratio, a reference signal received power, or the like. ε may be used to allocate an amount of energy to the communication link that is not expected to have a higher level of traffic (of the communication links j) and may be set to a non-zero value. The energy allocation coefficient determination component620may provide qj(t) to an energy budget arbitration component505(not shown) for determination of an allocation of an amount of energy (e.g., a third amount of energy or a fourth amount of energy). Determination using the function described above may conserve processor power relative to some other techniques for determining the energy allocation coefficient.

In some aspects, the UE may determine an energy allocation coefficient based at least in part on a buffer size. For example, the UE may use observed traffic demand (as determined by reference to buffer sizes) to determine energy allocation coefficients for the remaining energy ERem,j(t) in an RF exposure interval. In some aspects, the observed traffic demand may be referred to herein as, or may be used to generate, a current energy request or a current traffic demand. The UE may determine a buffered data volume (BufAll,Tot,j(t)) for each communication link j based at least in part on dedicated and split bytes in a buffer of the UE. In some aspects, if energy has already been reserved for bearers associated with a threshold priority value (such as bearers carrying VoIP/ViIP, SRB, etc.), the UE may skip the bearers associated with the threshold priority value, and may process the remaining bearers (e.g., not associated with the threshold priority value) in this step, since energy has already been reserved for the high priority bearers. For each active communication link j, the UE may determine BAll,Tot,j(t)=BD,Tot,j(t)+[BS,Tot,j(t))*mNorm,j(t)], wherein BAll,Tot,j(t) represents a total data volume of all bearers that are configured and allowed to transmit on communication link j, and not already included in a high priority energy reservation step, BD,Tot,j(t) represents a total data volume from dedicated bearers on communication link j, and not already included in high priority energy reservation step, and BS,Tot,j(t) represents a total data volume from split bearers on communication link j, and not already included in a high priority energy reservation step. The UE may determine EReq,j=Q{BAll,Tot,j(t)}, wherein EReq,Tot=sum{EReq,jover all J communication links}. EReq,Totrepresents a total energy required by all communication links to transmit all the buffered bytes on all communication links. Q(x) is a function to estimate the amount of energy required to transmit the x bytes. This function can be implemented in different ways. As one example, the UE may use an energy per byte value for energy budget b or communication link j, to convert bytes into energy, as follows: Qj,b(x)=x/EB,Avg.j,b(t).

If there is enough energy to meet EReq,Tot, the UE may allocate the energy requested to each communication link. If there is not enough energy to meet EReq,Tot, the UE may distribute the energy remaining based at least in part on the energy needs of each communication link. For example, if ERem>=EReq,Tot, there is enough energy to allocate all the energy required by each communication link. For each active communication link j, the UE may determine EAlloc,j+=EReq,jand ERem−=EReq,j. If ERem<EReq,Tot, the UE may distribute the remaining energy based at least in part on current demand since there is not enough energy to meet all the required energy. For example, for each active communication link j: EAlloc,j+=ERem*[EReq,j/EReq,Tot], and ERem=0.

The UE (e.g., the energy allocation coefficient determination component620) may determine the energy allocation coefficients considering the buffer sizes and metrics determined above. For example, EAlloc,Tot(n)=sum{EAlloc,jover all J communication links}. For each active communication link j: qj(t)=EAlloc,j/EAlloc,Tot(t). Thus, the UE may use present demand (determined based at least in part on present buffer sizes) to determine the energy allocation coefficient, which may provide sufficient energy for each communication link to flush buffers in an upcoming RF exposure interval. Furthermore, an increased amount of energy may be allocated to communication links with more buffered data, which assists with flushing the buffers of such communication links.

In some aspects, the UE may determine an energy allocation coefficient based at least in part on a predicted demand (sometimes referred to as an energy request or a traffic prediction). For example, the UE may take into account a traffic prediction by attempting to predict the number of bytes (in the future) that will be transmitted by each communication link of the UE. The UE may use this information to determine energy allocation coefficients. For example, after allocating requested energy to each radio (e.g., at EAlloc,j+=EReq,jand ERem−=EReq,j, described above), if there is still energy remaining, the UE may distribute the remaining energy based at least in part on past average throughput or predicted future traffic (e.g., a traffic prediction), by attempting to predict the future bytes that will need to be transmitted by each bearer (except bearers associated with a threshold priority value, which already have energy reserved for them in the high priority energy reservation step). For example, If ERem0, the UE may set BD,Tot,j(t)=RD,Tot,j(t)*TRfExpoIntand may set BS,Tot,j(t)=RS,Tot,j(t)*TRfExpoInt, where RD,Tot,j(t) represents an average, expected or predicted throughput for dedicated and non-splitting split-bearers based at least in part on historical or past traffic or knowledge of the traffic profile or prediction of future traffic behavior, RS,Tot,j(t) represents an average, expected or predicted throughput for all the split bearers based at least in part on historical/past traffic or knowledge of the traffic profile or prediction of future traffic behavior, and TRfExpoIntrepresents an RF exposure energy allocation interval duration. The UE may then determine BAll,Tot,j(t) for each communication link using BD,Tot,j(t) and BS,Tot,j(t) as calculated here and may determine energy allocation coefficients (as described above) based at least in part on EReq,Tot(which is calculated using BAll,Tot,j(t), as described above).

In some aspects, the UE may determine predicted demand based at least in part on periodic traffic (such as video call traffic). For example, periodic traffic may be predictable in nature (e.g., n bytes may be transmitted every TPeriodicTrafficIntmsec). Therefore, the UE may predict the amount of bytes to be transmitted in the future for this type of traffic by using an estimator, such as: BPeriodicTraffic,Predicted=CEIL{n*(TRFExpant/TPeriodicTrafficInt)}. In some other aspects, the UE may determine predicted demand based at least in part on a model, such as a statistical model. For example, the model may be based at least in part on average past or observed throughput, average packet inter-arrival times, average packet sizes, or the like. In some aspects, the model may be fitted to traffic offline or in real time. In some aspects, the model may be trained based at least in part on machine learning, artificial intelligence, or the like.

In this way, the UE may consider the estimated or predicted future energy demand into the energy splitting coefficient, which allows the UE to request energy based at least in part on expected traffic for transmission in the future. Thus, the likelihood that the UE will run out of energy on a particular communication link is reduced.

In some aspects, the UE may perform a combination of the processes described with regard toFIGS.5and6. For example, the UE may determine an energy allocation coefficient based at least in part on a combination of at least two of past usage, present demand, and predicted demand. In some aspects, the parameter FUsage,j(t) may indicate whether to take into account past usage when determining the energy allocation coefficient, as described above in connection with reference number650. For example, if FUsage,j(t) is set to a particular value for a communication link j, the UE may take into account past usage (such as based at least in part on average used energy as described in connection withFIG.5) for the communication link j. In some aspects, the UE may take into account current buffer sizes (bearerBufSizeb(t)), as described in connection with reference number630, thereby taking into account present demand for determination of the energy allocation coefficient. In some other aspects, the UE may set current buffer sizes to zero for one or more communication links, thereby excluding present demand from the determination of the energy allocation coefficients. In some aspects, the UE may determine one or more data volumes associated with one or more bearers (BD,Tot,j(t) and/or BS,Tot,j(t)) based at least in part on an average, expected, or predicted throughput for the one or more bearers (RD,Tot,j(t) and/or RS,Tot,j(t)), thereby taking into account predicted demand associated with the one or more bearers. In some other aspects, the UE may not take into account average, expected, or predicted throughput for the one or more bearers, thereby simplifying determination of the energy allocation coefficient.

As indicated above,FIGS.6and7are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard toFIGS.6and7.

FIG.8is a diagram illustrating an example process800performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process800is an example where the UE (e.g., UE120) performs operations associated with energy allocation.

As shown inFIG.8, in some aspects, process800may include allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value (block810). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or power control component908, depicted inFIG.9) may allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.8, in some aspects, process800may include identifying a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE (block820). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or identification component910, depicted inFIG.9) may identify a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE, as described above. In some aspects, “identifying an energy request” may include identifying a past energy usage of a communication link (Ba), identifying a current energy demand (e.g., based at least in part on a bearer type, a buffer size, or a split threshold), identifying a predicted traffic, a combination thereof, or the like.

As further shown inFIG.8, in some aspects, process800may include allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request (block830). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or power control component908, depicted inFIG.9) may allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.8, in some aspects, process800may include transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy (block840). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or transmission component904, depicted inFIG.9) may transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy, as described above.

In a first aspect, the first energy request and the second energy request are based at least in part on a first past energy usage of the first communication link and a second past energy usage of the second communication link.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first past energy usage and the second past energy usage are normalized based at least in part on a compliance window size associated with the energy.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the third amount of energy is based at least in part on a comparison of the first energy request and past energy usage across all communication links of the UE.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the first energy request and the second energy request are based at least in part on a first bearer configuration of the first communication link and a second bearer configuration of the second communication link.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the first bearer configuration indicates at least one of a bearer type, a buffer size, or a split threshold.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first bearer configuration indicates a split bearer associated with the first communication link and the second communication link, and wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on one or more radio characteristics associated with the first communication link and the second communication link.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a first buffered data volume associated with the first communication link and a second buffered data volume associated with the second communication link.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are further based at least in part on a first traffic prediction associated with the first communication link and a second traffic prediction associated with the second communication link.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on a past average throughput of the first communication link.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on periodic traffic associated with the first communication link.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the first energy request is a first current energy request and the second energy request is a second current energy request.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the first energy request is a first predicted energy request and the second energy request is a second predicted energy request.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the first energy request and the second energy request are based at least in part on a combination of at least two of a past energy usage, a bearer configuration, a buffer size, or a traffic prediction.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the third amount of energy is based at least in part on a first coefficient and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on a second coefficient, wherein the first coefficient is based at least in part on the first energy request and the second coefficient is based at least in part on the second energy request.

In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a radio characteristic including at least one of a total configured bandwidth, a channel metric, an energy per byte, a load, or a radio frequency exposure design power level.

The power control component908may allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value. The identification component910may identify a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE. The power control component908may allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request. The transmission component904may transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

FIG.10is a diagram illustrating an example process1000performed, for example, by a user equipment (UE), in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process1000is an example where the UE (e.g., UE120) performs operations associated with techniques for energy allocation.

As shown inFIG.10, in some aspects, process1000may include allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link (block1010). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or power control component908, depicted inFIG.9) may allocate, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.10, in some aspects, process1000may include allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on at least one of a first buffer size of the first communication link or a first bearer configuration of the first communication link, and wherein the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on at least one of a second buffer size of the second communication link or a second bearer configuration of the second communication link (block1020). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or power control component908, depicted inFIG.9) may allocate, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on at least one of a first buffer size of the first communication link or a first bearer configuration of the first communication link, and wherein the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on at least one of a second buffer size of the second communication link or a second bearer configuration of the second communication link, as described above.

As further shown inFIG.10, in some aspects, process1000may include transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy (block1030). For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager140and/or transmission component904, depicted inFIG.9) may transmit in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy, as described above.

In a first aspect, the first bearer configuration indicates at least one of a bearer type, a buffer size, or a split threshold.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first bearer configuration indicates a split bearer associated with the first communication link and the second communication link, and wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on one or more radio characteristics associated with the first communication link and the second communication link.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a first buffered data volume associated with the first communication link and a second buffered data volume associated with the second communication link.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are further based at least in part on a first traffic prediction associated with the first communication link and a second traffic prediction associated with the second communication link.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on a past average throughput of the first communication link.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on periodic traffic associated with the first communication link.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the first buffered data volume indicates an amount of data of all bearers that are configured and allowed to transmit on the first communication link.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the first buffered data volume excludes data for which the first amount of energy is allocated.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a radio characteristic including at least one of a total configured bandwidth, a channel metric, an energy per byte, a load, or a radio frequency exposure design power level.

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link, wherein the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are associated with communications having a threshold priority value; identifying a first energy request associated with the first communication link of the UE and a second energy request associated with the second communication link of the UE; allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on the first energy request and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on the second energy request; and transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the first energy request and the second energy request are based at least in part on a first past energy usage of the first communication link and a second past energy usage of the second communication link.

Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the first past energy usage and the second past energy usage are normalized based at least in part on a compliance window size associated with the energy.

Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on a comparison of the first energy request and past energy usage across all communication links of the UE.

Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the first energy request and the second energy request are based at least in part on a first bearer configuration of the first communication link and a second bearer configuration of the second communication link.

Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the first bearer configuration indicates at least one of: a bearer type, a buffer size, or a split threshold.

Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the first bearer configuration indicates a split bearer associated with the first communication link and the second communication link, and wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on one or more radio characteristics associated with the first communication link and the second communication link.

Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a first buffered data volume associated with the first communication link and a second buffered data volume associated with the second communication link.

Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are further based at least in part on a first traffic prediction associated with the first communication link and a second traffic prediction associated with the second communication link.

Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, wherein the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on a past average throughput of the first communication link.

Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 9, wherein the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on periodic traffic associated with the first communication link.

Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the first energy request is a first current energy request and the second energy request is a second current energy request.

Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the first energy request is a first predicted energy request and the second energy request is a second predicted energy request.

Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the first energy request and the second energy request are based at least in part on a combination of at least two of: a past energy usage, a bearer configuration, a buffer size, or a traffic prediction.

Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on a first coefficient and the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on a second coefficient, wherein the first coefficient is based at least in part on the first energy request and the second coefficient is based at least in part on the second energy request.

Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a radio characteristic including at least one of: a total configured bandwidth, a channel metric, an energy per byte, a load, or a radio frequency exposure design power level.

Aspect 17: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: allocating, from an energy of the UE, a first amount of energy to a first communication link and a second amount of energy to a second communication link; allocating, from a remainder of the energy after the first amount of energy and the second amount of energy are allocated, a third amount of energy to the first communication link and a fourth amount of energy to the second communication link, wherein the third amount of energy is based at least in part on at least one of a first buffer size of the first communication link or a first bearer configuration of the first communication link, and wherein the fourth amount of energy is based at least in part on at least one of a second buffer size of the second communication link or a second bearer configuration of the second communication link; and transmitting in accordance with the third amount of energy or the fourth amount of energy.

Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the first bearer configuration indicates at least one of: a bearer type, a buffer size, or a split threshold.

Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the first bearer configuration indicates a split bearer associated with the first communication link and the second communication link, and wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on one or more radio characteristics associated with the first communication link and the second communication link.

Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a first buffered data volume associated with the first communication link and a second buffered data volume associated with the second communication link.

Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 20, wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are further based at least in part on a first traffic prediction associated with the first communication link and a second traffic prediction associated with the second communication link.

Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on a past average throughput of the first communication link.

Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the first traffic prediction is based at least in part on periodic traffic associated with the first communication link.

Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 20, wherein the first buffered data volume indicates an amount of data of all bearers that are configured and allowed to transmit on the first communication link.

Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the first buffered data volume excludes data for which the first amount of energy is allocated.

Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the third amount of energy and the fourth amount of energy are based at least in part on a radio characteristic including at least one of: a total configured bandwidth, a channel metric, an energy per byte, a load, or a radio frequency exposure design power level.