Machine provided with an oil pump and a method to start such a machine

Machine provided with a machine element (2) and an oil pump (4) and a motor (3) to drive the machine element (2) and the oil pump (4), whereby the oil pump (4) is provided with a shaft (13) with a rotor (12), whereby the oil pump (4) is provided to pump oil from an oil reservoir (5) via an inlet channel (8) to nozzles that lead into the motor (3) and/or machine element (2) to lubricate and/or cool one or more bearings or other machine components, characterized in that in the inlet channel (8), near the oil pump (4) a dam (16) is provided that is higher than the height (A) of the central axis (18) of the shaft (13) of the oil pump (4) minus the smallest diameter (B) of the rotor (12) of the oil pump (4) divided by two.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a machine provided with an oil pump.

Background

It is known that high-speed rotating machinery, like for example oil-free screw compressors, oil-free (screw) blowers or oil-free turbo compressors, often use ball bearings and gears.

At high speeds these bearings and gears require well-dosed oil lubrication: not too much oil, which would cause hydraulic losses and even overheating, but equally not too little oil, which would cause poor lubrication and overheating.

For this reason oil jet lubrication is used, in which nozzles are used with a very precise bore which is directed to the exact location where the lubrication is needed.

The location concerned is the race track for ball bearings and the gear mesh engagement for gears.

The nozzles have to be provided with oil that has been filtered and cooled and is supplied at the right pressure. For this purpose an oil circuit is often provided in the machine, which typically comprises an oil reservoir, an oil pump, an oil cooler, an oil filter and interconnecting pipes which may or may not be integrated in other parts of the machine. Minimum pressure valves, bypasses, oil pressure sensors and temperature sensors are also often provided.

Said oil pump plays a critical role: if insufficient oil is supplied in due time to the nozzles, poor lubrication might result in damage or failure of the bearings and/or gears.

It is possible to use an oil pump that is driven by a separate motor.

The advantage of this is that the oil pump can be controlled but the disadvantage is that a separate motor and control or steering unit are required.

This is not only more expensive, it also increases the size of the machine and implies extra components that need to be maintained and can fail.

Therefore it is very interesting to use the motor that is driving the machine element to drive the oil pump as well. This guarantees that the oil pump will always run whenever the machine is running.

Suitable oil pumps are gear pumps, internal gear pumps, such as gerotor pumps and rotary vane pumps.

Such pumps can be designed to pump the right amount of oil when driven at the speed of the motor driving the machine element, by choosing an appropriate pump width, and/or number of teeth or vanes, enabling the oil pump to be mounted directly onto the shaft of the motor resulting in a very compact, robust, efficient and cost effective machine.

However, a disadvantage of such an installation whereby the oil pump is fitted directly onto the shaft of the motor, is the fact that the oil pump must then be fitted quite high in the machine, and is therefore elevated with respect to to the oil reservoir.

This means that at start-up, the oil pump must first evacuate the air from the suction tube connecting it with the oil reservoir and subsequently must suck and pump the oil from the reservoir.

This works best if there is already some oil present in the oil pump, so that when the oil pump starts, this oil is splashed around and helps to seal the gaps in the pump immediately optimising the suction power of the oil pump.

Therefore, during assembly of the oil pump, a small amount of oil is often applied to the oil pump.

However, when the pump is started for the first time a long time after its assembly, this initial amount of oil might already be partially or completely evaporated and is therefore no longer sufficient to start up the oil pump properly.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,859,013 describes an oil pump, whereby a sort of siphon-like structure is provided in the inlet pipe between the oil pump and the oil reservoir, that ensures that a small amount of oil remains trapped in the inlet pipe near the oil reservoir. However, when starting, the oil pump still needs to take in a large amount of air before the oil can be sucked out of the siphon.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to at least one of the aforementioned and other disadvantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is a machine which is provided with a machine element and an oil pump and a motor to drive the machine element and the oil pump, whereby the oil pump is provided with a shaft with a rotor, whereby the oil pump is provided to pump oil from an oil reservoir via an inlet channel to nozzles that lead into the motor and/or the machine element to lubricate and/or cool one or more bearings or other parts of the machine, characterized in that in the inlet channel, near the oil pump a dam is provided that is higher than the height of the central axis of the shaft of the oil pump minus the smallest diameter of the rotor of the oil pump divided by two.

An advantage is that this guarantees that, once the machine is stopped, a considerable amount of oil remains in the oil pump and in the inlet channel between the oil pump and the dam so that the complete internal cavity of the oil pump can be wetted with oil when the machine is (re)started and so that the suction power of the oil pump will immediately be very high.

In this way the oil flow will be started quickly and smoothly upon (re)starting the machine.

Preferably the height of the dam is smaller than the height of the central axis of the shaft of the oil pump minus the diameter of the shaft of the oil pump divided by two.

This will prevent oil leaking via the shaft of the oil pump and/or prevent the need for additional sealing of said shaft.

The invention also concerns a method to start a machine according to the invention, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:pouring a less volatile lubricant than the oil in the internal cavity of the oil pump;subsequently starting the motor.

In this way there will always be some of said lubricant present when the machine is started, so that the suction power of the oil pump is improved, the oil circuit can be started and the oil pump and inlet channel between the oil pump and the dam are filled with oil.

This is of particular advantage to guarantee a successful first start-up of the machine.

As less volatile lubricants, oil, grease or suchlike with a higher molecular weight than the oil can be used, including for example paraffin oil, vaseline, vacuum grease and suchlike.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The machine1shown inFIG. 1is in this case a compressor device1. It is, however, not excluded that the machine1is a vacuum pump device or expander device.

The compressor device1comprises mainly a compressor element2for the compression of gas, a motor3, an oil pump4, an oil reservoir5and an oil circuit6.

The motor3will directly drive both the compressor element2and the oil pump4.FIG. 2shows that the motor shaft7will be able to directly drive the oil pump4.

The oil circuit6will allow the oil pump4to pump oil from the oil reservoir5via an inlet channel8, after which the oil can be sent via the pipes9in the oil circuit6to nozzles that lead to specific locations in the motor3and/or the compressor element2for the lubrication and/or cooling of one or more bearings or other parts of the machine1.

Given that the oil pump4is driven by the motor3of the compressor element2, it will be located at a considerably higher level than the oil reservoir5. This means that the inlet channel8, which runs from the oil reservoir5to the oil pump4, is relatively long.

The oil pump4comprises a housing10in which a stator11and a rotor12are attached. The rotor12is attached to a shaft13, which is driven by the motor shaft7.

The oil pump4is of the “gerotor” type, although this is not essential for the invention.

The housing10is provided with an inlet14for oil, to which an inlet channel8is connected, and with an outlet15for the pumped oil.

As shown inFIG. 4a dam16is provided in the inlet channel8, near the oil pump4.

‘Dam16’ refers here to a structure that will ensure that, once the motor3is turned off, a certain amount of oil will remain in the cavity17that is closed off or isolated by the dam16.

‘Near the oil pump4’ refers here to the fact that said remaining oil will remain at a location in such a way that the oil can immediately be pumped by the oil pump4when the oil pump4is started.

This means for example that said remaining oil will at least be partly located in the oil pump4or that said remaining oil will be located right at the inlet14of the oil pump4.

FIG. 3also shows clearly that the dam is higher than the height A of the central axis18of the shaft13of the oil pump4minus half of the smallest diameter B of the rotor12of the oil pump4.

By making the dam16at least as high as this minimum height, indicated with the line C, enough oil will remain in the cavity17closed off or isolated by the dam in the inlet channel8between the dam16and the oil pump4, whereby the internal cavity of the oil pump4can be immediately wetted upon starting. With this immediate wetting of the internal cavity with oil, the rotor12and the stator11will become immediately sealed by this oil so that the suction power of the oil pump4is immediately maximised.

In this case, and preferably, the height D of the dam16is less than the height A of the central axis18of the shaft13of the oil pump4minus half the diameter E of the shaft13of the oil pump4.

Should the dam16be higher than this maximum height, indicated with the line F, the level of the remaining oil would be higher than the bottom of the shaft13of the oil pump4. This could allow oil to leak away along the shaft13of the oil pump4and/or seals would need to be provided on the shaft13of the oil pump4in order for this to be avoided.

Besides a minimum and maximum height D of the dam16, the design of the dam16is in this case, and preferably, such that the volume of the oil that can be contained in the oil pump4and the inlet channel8between the oil pump4and the dam16, is minimum two times the stroke volume of the oil pump4.

The advantage of this is that there is immediately sufficient oil present in the oil pump4and the inlet channel8when starting the oil pump4, so that not only the internal cavity can be immediately wetted, but also an amount of oil can immediately be pumped up or through the outlet15to the oil circuit6and continue to the parts of the machine1that require lubrication and/or cooling.

Despite the fact that the dam16inFIGS. 3 and 4is designed as a slope inclining towards the rotor12and stator11of the oil pump4, it is not excluded that the dam16is designed differently.

InFIG. 5an alternative form is shown, whereby the dam16is in the form of steps, whereby a step19or stairs, as it were, are fitted in the inlet channel8.

Although this embodiment has the advantage that more oil will remain in the cavity17between the dam16and the oil pump4, it also has the disadvantage that oil can pour down as it were along the stairs19while being sucked up, which could cause unwanted turbulence. In the embodiment ofFIGS. 3 and 4, the oil will, as it were, flow or stream downwards from the dam16.

The operation of the machine1is very simple and as follows.

Before starting the machine1, the following steps are preferably followed:oil is poured in the oil circuit6downstream of the oil pump4and higher than the oil pump4;subsequently the motor3is started.

The poured oil can flow to the oil pump4and fill both the oil pump4and the inlet channel8in the cavity17between the dam16and the oil pump4to the level D of the dam16.

When the motor3is then started the compressor element2and the oil pump4will be driven and the poured oil, which is now located in the oil pump4and in the said cavity17, will ensure that the oil pump4can immediately pump up oil and send it through to the oil circuit6, so that the compressor element2is immediately provided with the necessary oil as from the moment the machine1is started.

Alternatively it is also possible that a lubricant less volatile than oil is first poured in the internal cavity of the oil pump4, before the motor3is started.

Such a method is preferably applied when the machine1is assembled, so that when the machine1is first started, the less volatile lubricant is present in the oil pump4.

It is of course not excluded that both methods are combined, whereby when the machine is first started a less volatile is poured and whereby oil is poured in the oil circuit6when the machine1is subsequently restarted.

As soon as the motor3is started, the oil pump4will immediately be able to pump oil from the oil reservoir5via the inlet channel8.

The pumped oil will subsequently leave the oil pump4via the outlet15and end up in the oil circuit6where it is sent to the various nozzles in the various components to be lubricated and/or cooled in the compressor element2and/or the motor3.

The compressor element2will therefore be provided with oil almost immediately as from the moment the motor3and the machine1are started, thus ensuring its effective operation.

It is not excluded that the machine1comprises a sensor that can register whether oil is present in the cavity17between the oil pump4and the dam16.

Said sensor can be any type of oil level sensor, but also an oil pressure sensor or oil temperature sensor according to the invention.

Before starting a machine1with such a sensor, the motor3is preferably only started after oil has been detected in the inlet channel8between the oil pump4and the dam16.

If no oil is detected, the machine1is not started, but instead for example a warning signal is given to the user.

It is clear that the sensor and said method to start the machine1can be combined with the previously described methods. This method will add an extra safeguard in order to prevent the possibility of starting the machine1without oil being present in the inlet channel8between the oil pump4and the dam16.

It is also possible that the machine1comprises a connection between the oil reservoir5and the cavity17between the oil pump4and the dam16, whereby the connection is provided in such a way to transfer oil from the oil reservoir5to the cavity17between the oil pump4and the dam16.

This can for example be achieved using a small pump that can be operated either manually or electrically.

When the machine1is provided with such a connection, the following method can be adopted to start the machine1:oil is transferred from the oil reservoir5to the cavity17between the oil pump4and the dam16.subsequently the motor3is started.

It is of course not excluded that the machine1is also provided with a sensor that registers whether oil is present in the inlet channel8between the dam16and the oil pump4.

In this case upon starting, if no oil is detected, a signal will be given to the user to transfer oil from the oil reservoir5to the cavity17between the oil pump4and the dam16by operating the small pump or, if this small pump is electrical, the small pump will be automatically started by the machine1, in order to ensure that oil is transferred from oil reservoir5to the cavity17between the oil pump4and the dam16, after which the motor3can be started without a problem.

The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described as an example and shown in the drawings, but a machine provided with an oil pump and a method to start such a machine can be realised in all kinds of forms and dimensions without departing from the scope of the invention.