Lighting device and display equipment

A lighting device controls power to a discharge lamp according to the temperature detected by a lamp sensor, which detects temperature around the discharge lamp. The discharge lamp has an arc tube and an outer bulb between which an airtight space is defined. Therefore, the lamp can be actuated without reduction in luminosity even at low temperatures. Also, the lamp luminosity rises quickly.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Applications 
10-374015 filed Dec. 28, 1998 and 10-156272 filed Jun. 4, 1998, the 
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a lighting device and a display equipment 
which uses a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp. 
2. Description of Related Art 
Using a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp as a lighting device and 
in display equipment is known. Generally, in such lamps, the mercury vapor 
pressure becomes low and luminescence efficiency will decrease under low 
temperature conditions. In fact, luminosity can fall to 10% or less as 
compared to operation at normal temperatures. 
To overcome this problem, it has been known to attach a heater to the 
discharge lamp in order to heat the lamp before it is energized. However, 
the cost of the heater is high and causes the equipment to become large. 
As an alternative solution, a lamp which prevents luminosity from falling 
at low temperatures, is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Patent 
Publication 4-52932. This lamp uses a dual tube arrangement, having an 
outer bulb and an inner bulb. The inner bulb defines a discharge space 
therein. Since the outer bulb insulates the inner bulb, luminescence 
efficiency does not fall as much as without the outer bulb in 
low-temperature environments. However, the extent to which the outer bulb 
can maintain the luminescence efficiency in low-temperature environments 
is limited. Luminescence efficiency is lower than the lamp which does not 
include the outer bulb, but instead has a heater. Moreover, even when a 
heater is attached to the outer bulb in a dual bulb arrangement, the heat 
of the heater is not transmitted to within the inner bulb. 
Japanese Patent Laid-open No.7-272888 shows a lighting device which raises 
the lamp voltage when the temperature around the bulb of a single tube, 
cold cathode fluorescent lamp is low. However, because this technology 
employs a single tube, heat dissipation from the bulb is large. Therefore, 
even when the lamp voltage goes up, the temperature of the lamp does not 
rise effectively. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a lighting 
device and display equipment which can prevent the fall of luminosity 
under low temperature conditions. 
The lighting device has a discharge lamp lighting equipment which controls 
the power provided to the lamp according to the temperature detected by a 
lamp sensor which detects the temperature around the discharge lamp. 
The discharge lamp has an arc tube filled with mercury and a rare gas and 
in which electrodes are fixed. The lamp also includes an outer bulb which 
surrounds the arc tube and seals it in an airtight manner. 
Therefore, the light can be switched on, and its luminosity will not be 
reduced even when the temperature around the lamp is low. Even at low 
temperatures, the luminosity will increase quickly to a desired value.

Throughout the various figures, like reference numerals designate like or 
corresponding parts or elements. Duplicative description will be avoided 
as much as possible. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Hereafter, the embodiments of the present invention are explained with 
reference to the drawing. 
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing liquid crystal display equipment. 
The liquid crystal display equipment I includes a front case 3 that has an 
aperture 2 through which light is emitted. Case 3 includes a back light 
unit 4 which has a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5. A 
reflective mirror is wound around a portion of the low-pressure mercury 
vapor discharge lamp 5 so that the reflective mirror 6 forms an aperture 
through which light from the lamp 5 is emitted. The reflective mirror 6 is 
a silver vapor coating film, and also becomes a proximity conductor. 
The lightguide board 7 made from acrylic resin is formed in front of the 
reflective mirror 6. The lightguide board 7 is coextensive with the 
aperture 2 of the case 3. A plane-like reflector 8 is behind the 
lightguide board 7. Between the lightguide board 7 and the aperture 2, a 
diffusion board 9 and a condensing board 10 form an optical control means 
11. A liquid crystal display unit 12 is provided in the front of the 
aperture 2 as a display means. 
FIG. 1 is a cross section of the lighting device that includes the 
low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp. FIG. 2 is a vertical section 
view of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp. Since FIGS. 1 and 2 
are conceptual, the form and size in the Figures are not exact. 
The low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 has a straight, elongated, 
inner bulb in the form of arc tube 22. An outer bulb 23 is attached to and 
conforms to the shape of the arc tube 22 and has the same axis. The outer 
bulb 23 is sealed to the arc tube 22 at both ends of the arc tube 22. A 
discharge gap 24 is formed in the arc tube 22. Airtight space 25 is formed 
between the arc tube 22 and the outer bulb 23, and ends 26 of the arc tube 
22 and the outer bulb 23 are sealed. The arc tube 22 and the outer bulb 23 
consist of borosilicate glass, such as product number 7050 of CORNING Co. 
This glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 46.times.10.sup.-7 
m/.degree. C. Soda lead glass, soda lime glass, lead glass, and hard glass 
can be used to form the arc tube 22 and/or the outer bulb 23. 
Each lead wire 27 extends through one of ends 26 of the arc tube 22 through 
a bead of glass 29. The lead wires 27 are made from cobalt alloys 
(Fe--Ni--Co). The length of each sealed end 26 is 2 mm. The length of 
sealed end 26 is preferably 5 mm or less. When the length is short, heat 
is conducted well from cold cathodes 28 to the arc tube 22, so that the 
end of arc tube 22 is generally kept hot, so that the efficiency of the 
discharge lamp is typically maintained. 
Each pipe-like cold cathode 28 is attached to one of the lead wires 27. The 
cold cathodes 28 are made from nickel. More specifically, the cold cathode 
28 has mercury amalgam in the sleeve of nickel stainless steel (SUS). 
BaAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 may be attached to the outside of the sleeve. 
LiAlO.sub.4 may also be employed instead of BaAl.sub.2 O.sub.4. As a 
further alternative, oxidized forms of tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), 
titanium (Ti) or zirconium (Zr) mixed with either lithium (Li) or barium 
(Ba) can be employed. The cold cathodes 28 may be coated with emitter 
material which emits secondary electrons by, for example, positive ion 
bombardment. Examples include LaSrCoO.sub.3, LaB.sub.6 +BaAl.sub.2 
O.sub.4, LaSrCoO.sub.3 +BaAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, LaSrCrCoO.sub.3 +BaAl.sub.2 
O.sub.4, LaSrCoO.sub.3 +LaB.sub.6 +BaAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, LaSrCrCoO.sub.3 
+LaB.sub.6 +BaAl.sub.2 O.sub.4, LaB.sub.6 +BaTiO.sub.3, LaSrCoO.sub.3 
+BaTiO.sub.3, LaSrCrCoO.sub.3 +BaTiO.sub.3, LaSrCoO.sub.3 +LaB.sub.6 
+BaTiO.sub.3, and LaSrCrCoO.sub.3 +LaB.sub.6 +BaTiO.sub.3. 
Alpha alumina is provided in the inside of the arc tube 22 near the cold 
cathode 28. As a result, Exo electrons can be generated, making it easier 
to cause the lamp to light. 
The low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 has a rated current of 4 
mA. The full length of lamp 5 is 280 mm. In the arc tube 22, the thickness 
of the glass is 0.3 mm. and the outside diameter is2.2 mm. In the outer 
bulb 23, the thickness of the glass is 0.3 mm. and the outside diameter is 
3.0 mm. The gap 25 between the arc tube 22 and the outer bulb 23 is 0.1 
mm. 
Xenon (Xe), at a pressure of 133 Pa, is enclosed in the gap 25 between the 
arc tube 22 and the outer bulb 23. A phosphor layer 30 is applied to the 
inside of the arc tube 22. The phosphor layer 30 emits three wavelengths. 
For example, Blue light is emitted by (SrCaBa).sub.5 (PO.sub.4).sub.3 
Cl:Eu. Green light is emitted by LaPO.sub.4 :Ce,Tb. Red light is emitted 
by Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Eu. 
In the arc tube 22, the discharge medium is at a pressure of 10.6 kPa. The 
discharge medium includes mercury and a mixed gas having neon (Ne) 90% and 
argon (Ar) 10%. The inner surface area S of the arc tube is 10 cm.sup.2. 
Furthermore, the lead wire 27 is connected to wiring 32 formed in a 
flexible printed circuit board 31. A temperature sensing thermistor 35 
contacts the outer bulb 23. The thermistor 35 connects with wiring 36 
provided in the flexible printed circuit board 31. The flexible printed 
circuit board 31 is connected to discharge lamp lighting equipment 37. 
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the discharge lamp lighting equipment 37 includes 
a step-up chopper circuit 41 connected to DC power supply E. The step-up 
chopper circuit 41 includes a series circuit of a transistor Q1 and a 
diode D1 connected to DC power supply E. A series circuit of an inductor 
L1 and a capacitor C1 is connected to the diode D1. Integrated circuit 42 
is connected to the base of the transistor Q1. A temperature detection 
circuit 43 which includes resistor R1, the thermistor 35, resistor R2, 
resistor R3, and diode D2 is connected to integrated circuit 42. The 
integrated circuit 42 controls the transistor Q1 to control the current 
supplied to lamp 5. The integrated circuit 42 includes a processor which 
controls transistor Q1 based on the temperature initially detected by 
thermistor 35 at the time that the lamp is lit, the length of time that 
passes from the moment that the lamp is lit, and, optionally, the 
temperature detected by thermistor 35 after the lamp is lit and begins to 
heat up. Various examples of how to relate these temperatures and time 
will be described in more detail below. An output detection circuit 44, 
including a series circuit of resistors R5 and R6 is connected in parallel 
to capacitor C1. An inverter circuit 45 is connected to the step-up 
chopper circuit 41. Lamp 5 is connected to the inverter circuit 45. 
In operation, the discharge lamp lighting equipment 37 applies a voltage to 
the cold cathodes 28, causing lamp 5 to light. The mercury is vaporized by 
the discharge between cold cathodes 28, and ultraviolet radiation is 
emitted at a wavelength of 254 nm. The phosphors 30 emit light, which is 
reflected by reflective mirror 6 in the direction of the lightguide board 
7. Therefore, the lightguide board 7 emits light. Light enters the liquid 
crystal display unit 12 at the back through the diffusion board 9 and the 
condensing board 10. 
The step-up chopper circuit 41 increases the voltage from DC power supply 
E, and the inverter circuit 45 changes the DC voltage into a high 
frequency voltage. This high frequency voltage from the discharge lamp 
lighting equipment 37 is applied to the low-pressure mercury vapor 
discharge lamp 5 to energize the lamp. 
FIG. 5 is the flow chart showing the operation of the first embodiment. 
Before current is applied, the temperature around the low-pressure mercury 
vapor discharge lamp 5 is detected by the thermistor 35 (Block 1). When 
the temperature detected by the thermistor 35 is 10 degrees or less, the 
initial current applied to the lamp is set to a current value higher than 
the rated current of 4 mA. For example, the initial current can be set 
dependent on the temperature, or the initial current can be set to an 
arbitrary current value such as 6 mA (Block 2). An arbitrary time for 
maintaining the current value above the rated value from the start of 
lighting is determined, for example, as 2 minutes (Block 3). 
If the current value supplied to the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge 
lamp 5 is reduced abruptly, lamp 5 will lose luminosity suddenly. 
Therefore, for moderately cold initial temperatures (-30 to -10 degrees 
C.), the current can be gradually reduced to the rated value. The 
reduction can follow a logarithmic curve. The time over which the current 
is reduced is determined in Block 4. 
When the temperature detected by the thermistor 35 is 10 degrees C or less, 
during an initial period minutes after lamp 5 is lit, the output current 
is set to a value higher than the rated value. After the predetermined 
time passes, the current value is reduced to the rated, stationary current 
value. For example, when the initial temperature around the lamp is -30 
degrees or less, the current value is adjusted as shown in FIG. 6. For the 
first 60 seconds that the lamp is lit, the current is maintained at a 
value of 6 mA. Then, for the next 60 seconds, the current is feedback 
controlled to cause the current to alternate between the 6 and 4 mA 
values. When the temperature around the lamp is less than a threshold 
temperature (5 degrees C in FIG. 6), the higher current value is supplied. 
When the detected temperature rises above the threshold, the current is 
reduced to the lower value. Since the temperature around the lamp falls 
quickly when the initial temperature around the lamp is at or less than 
-30 degrees, the current value is changed abruptly. 
When the temperature around the lamp is greater than -10, after the 
temperature rises to the threshold, the temperature does not fall even 
when the current is reduced to the rated value. Therefore, the current can 
be reduced abruptly as illustrated in FIG. 7. 
If the thermistor 35 of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 
detects a predetermined value corresponding to a high temerature, for 
example, 50 degrees C or more, the discharge lamp lighting equipment 37 
may gradually reduce the current as shown in FIG. 8, in order to decrease 
the power supplied to the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5. 
FIG. 9 illustrates luminosity over time for three different initial 
temperatures around the lamp. Note that for all three temperatures, 
luminosity rises quickly and achieves 100 percent luminosity within 120 
seconds. When the temperature around the lamp is 25 degrees C, 100 percent 
luminosity is achieved within 60 seconds. In FIG. 9, 100 percent 
luminosity is defined as the luminosity of lamp 5 after 5 minutes when the 
initial temperature around the lamp is 25 degrees C. 
As suggested above, it is possible to vary the initial current value in 
relation to the initially detected temperature. FIG. 10 illustrates one 
possible implementation. As an alternative or in addition, it is also 
possible to vary the length of time that the larger initial current is 
supplied to the lamp in relation to the initially detected temperature. 
FIG. 11 illustrates one implementation. As an alternative or in addition, 
it is possible to vary the length of time over which the current is 
reduced from the initial, high value to the rated value in relation to the 
initially detected temperature. Such an implementation is illustrated in 
FIG. 12. 
According to experiments, results are poor if the current supplied to the 
lamp does not change with the temperature around the lamp when the initial 
detected temperature is around -30 degrees C. Luminosity is less than 57% 
of the maximum at the time of stability. However if the initial current is 
set to 1.5 times the rated current, luminosity reaches 90 percent of the 
maximum value at the time that stability is reached in 60 seconds. Even 
though the lamp current is returned to its rated value after 2 minutes 
from the start of lighting, luminosity remained at 90 percent as a result 
of the double structure of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 
and self-heating of the lamp. 
The mercury vapor pressure in the arc tube 22 becomes too great when the 
initial detected temperature is 85 degrees C or greater. As a result, the 
luminosity is only 58% at the time of stability. The temperature of the 
upper part of the cold cathode 28 of the arc tube 22 becomes 120 degrees 
C. If the lamp current is set to 3 mA, the amount of self-heating of the 
cold cathode 28 will fall, and the temperature of the upper surface will 
fall to 110 degrees C. Therefore, the rise in mercury vapor pressure is 
suppressed and luminosity goes up. 
If a conductive layer is provided on the outside of the outer bulb 23 to 
reduce the starting voltage, and if the conductive layer is transparent, 
the efficiency of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 is 
increased. A reflective portion of the conductive layer can be used as the 
reflective mirror 6. However, the reflective mirror 6 does not need to be 
conductive. A synthetic film or plastic is sufficient. 
The arc tube 22 and the outer bulb 23 do not need to be made of the same 
material. 
The thermistor 35 may be provided in the sealed end 26 of the low-pressure 
mercury vapor discharge lamp 5. With this arrangement, the temperature of 
the arc tube 22 is easily conducted to the sealed end 26. 
The initial high current need not be decreased to the rated current along a 
continuous curve. Instead, the current can be reduced in steps. 
FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing the lighting device of a second 
embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the thermistor 35 is 
provided on the outer bulb 23 near the cold cathode 28 rather than near 
the end of the outer bulb 23 as in FIG. 1. Since the heat of the cold 
cathode 28 is easily detectable if the thermistor 35 is positioned close 
to the cold cathode 28, the supply power of the low-pressure mercury vapor 
discharge lamp 5 can be adjusted according to temperature change of the 
arc tube 22. 
FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing the lighting device of a third 
embodiment of the invention. The thermistor 35 is contained within the 
discharge lamp lighting equipment 37. In this case, the temperature of the 
low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 is indirectly detectable by 
detecting the temperature of the discharge lamp lighting equipment 37. 
Since the wiring to the thermistor 35 is not needed, the printed circuit 
board 31 becomes unnecessary. 
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the discharge lamp lighting equipment of 
a fourth embodiment of the invention. A protection circuit 52 is connected 
to the power supply and protects the lamp lighting control circuit 51 from 
excessive and reverse voltages. A DC/DC converter 53 changes the voltage 
value from the protection circuit 52. The DC/DC converter 53 is controlled 
by a control circuit 54, which controls the current provided to lamps 5, 
and increases the time that a high current is provided to the lamps 5. The 
DC/DC converter 53 is connected to an inverter circuit 56 through a 
conventional dimming control circuit 55 which controls dimming of the 
low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 in accordance with a pulse 
width modulated (PWM) signal. The PWM signal is connected to the control 
circuit 54 through a smoothing circuit 57 and an addition circuit 58. As 
will be explained in greater detail below, during dimming, it is desirable 
to increase the initial current value and/or extend the time that 
increased current is provided to lamps 5. This is accomplished by the PWM 
signal through the smoothing circuit57 and the adding circuit 58. 
Lamp assembly 61 is connected to lamp lighting control circuit 51. Three 
low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps 5 are connected in parallel to 
the inverter circuit 56 to increase the amount of light provided. Two 
thermistors 35 and 62 are provided in the lamp assembly 61 to monitor the 
temperature around lamps 5 at two different locations. The greater 
detected temperature is employed to control the increased current at the 
start of illumination and the length of time that increased current is 
provided. The thermistors 35 and 62 are connected to the addition circuit 
58 which selects the greater value and adds that value to the smoothed PWM 
signal. The control circuit 54 includes a processor which controls DC/DC 
converter 53 based on the output of addition circuit 58 at the time that 
the lamp is lit, the length of time that passes from the moment that the 
lamp is lit, and, optionally, the output of the addition circuit 58 after 
the lamp is lit and begins to heat up. Various examples of how to relate 
these temperatures and time will be described in more detail below and 
have been described above. 
The operation of the circuit in FIG. 15 is similar to that of FIG. 4. The 
output current of the inverter circuit 56 is related to the output voltage 
of the DC/DC converter 53. FIG. 16 illustrates one manner of operating the 
circuit of FIG. 15. In this embodiment, the initial current value is 
related to the initial detected temperature. FIG. 16 illustrates the 
relation between current supplied to lamps 5 and time for several 
temperatures initially detected around lamps 5. For example, when 
thermistor 35 or 62 (whichever is greater) initially detects a temperature 
of 0 degrees C., the initial current is set to a relatively low value from 
the start of lighting until a time t1 which can be 50 seconds. When the 
initial temperature detected by thermistor 35 or 62 is -5 degrees C., the 
initial current is set to a higher level from the start of lighting until 
a time t2 which can be 70 seconds. When thermistor 35 or 62 detects an 
initial temperature in the range of -30 degrees to -10 degrees C., a 
relatively higher initial current is supplied from the start of lighting 
until a time t3 which can be increased current is provided is set as 90 
seconds. The initial current, larger than rated current, is provided for 
longer times as the temperature becomes lower. In addition, the initial 
current value is selected, based on the initial detected temperature. The 
rate of reduction of the initially high current to the rated current is 
the same, independent of the initially detected temperature. Since a 
larger initial current is provided and the time that the larger current is 
provided is lengthened as the initial detected temperature becomes lower, 
the rise of the lamp's luminosity can be made quick even at low 
temperatures. Moreover, for low temperatures below -10 degrees C., the 
initial current is not increased any further. Therefore, it is not 
necessary to supply an exceptionally large current. Therefore, the 
capacity of the power supply does not need to be enlarged. 
An alternative manner of controlling lamps 5 is illustrated in FIG. 17. As 
with FIG. 16, FIG. 17 illustrates the relation of current to time at 
several initially detected temperatures. When thermistor 35 or 62 
(whichever is greater) initially detects a temperature of 0 degrees C., a 
time t1 during which an increased current is provided is set as 60 
seconds. When the initial temperature detected by thermistor 35 or 62 is 
-5 degrees C., a time t2 during which an increased current is provided is 
set as 90 seconds. When thermistor 35 or 62 detects an initial temperature 
in the range of -30 degrees to -10 degrees C., a time t3 during which an 
increased current is provided is set as 120 seconds. The initial current, 
larger than rated current, is provided for longer times as the temperature 
becomes lower. The initial, higher, current value is set the same, 
independent of the initial detected temperature. Since a larger initial 
current is provided and the time that the larger current is provided is 
lengthened as the initial detected temperature becomes lower, the rise of 
the lamp's luminosity can be made quick even at low temperatures. 
Moreover, since only the time at the higher current is changed, and not 
the current value itself, the need for an exceptionally large current 
supply is avoided. 
FIG. 18 illustrates the operation of an embodiment that includes a dimming 
feature. A high initial current value, larger than the rated current, is 
supplied to lamps 5 whether the lamps are being dimmed or are on 
continuously. The length of time that the higher current is provided to 
the lamp is extended when the lamp is dimmed. The rate of reduction of the 
current from the higher current to the rated current is the same. Thus 
since dimming causes the lamp to remain cool longer, raising the current 
for a longer period of time causes the luminosity to rise to the desired 
level quickly, even during dimming. 
An alternative embodiment incorporating dimming is illustrated in FIG. 19. 
In FIG. 19, the initial current used for dimming is higher than the 
initial current used for full lighting. The initial high current is 
gradually reduced from the same point in time and at the same rate. Thus 
since a higher initial current is employed for dimming, the rise of 
luminosity to the desired value is quick even though dimming is occurring. 
FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the invention which is 
particularly suited for vehicles. A reflector 74, in the shape of a thin 
box forms a housing of the back light unit 72 and defines an aperture 73 
therein. The aperture 73 of the reflector 74 is airtightly covered with a 
diffusion board 75. Rubber holders 77 fix a low-pressure mercury vapor 
discharge lamp 76 between the reflector 74 and the diffusion board 75. 
Lead wires 78 are attached in the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge 
lamp 76. The front of the diffusion board 75 is equipped with a vehicle 
meter (not illustrated). An aperture 79 and a lead wire hole 80 are formed 
on the back side of the reflector 74. 
A connector board 81 is attached in the back side of the reflector 74. The 
low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 76 is electrically connected to 
the connector board 81. A thermistor 82 is also attached to the printed 
circuit board. The thermistor 82 extends through the aperture 79 of the 
reflector 74 and detects the temperature around the low-pressure mercury 
vapor discharge lamp 76. A hole 83 is formed in the connector board 81, at 
a position corresponding to each lead wire hole 80 of the reflector 74, to 
enable the lead wires 78 of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 
76 to pass. After passing through holes 80 and 83, the lead wires 78 are 
connected to the connector board 81. A flexible circuit board 84 is 
connected with the connector board 81 through a cable 85. 
In this embodiment, the same low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 as 
in FIG. 1 is used. When thermistor 82 detects a temperature at -40 degrees 
C. or less, the lamp current is set to 6 mA for 10 minutes from the time 
that the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 5 is started, as shown 
in FIG. 21. After the first 10 minute period, the current value is 
gradually, linearly reduced over the next 10 minute period to the rated 
current of 4 mA. At temperatures above -40 degrees C., any of the modes of 
operation described above may be employed to control the current to the 
lamp. 
When the timing of FIG. 21 is employed, the luminance rises as shown in 
FIG. 22. It can be seen that the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 
5 achieves a relative luminosity of 50% in 1 to 2 minutes after lighting 
starts. Note that after reaching a peak, the relative luminosity declines 
a bit. This is not a problem, particularly when compared with the relative 
luminosity curve when the rated current is applied from the beginning, as 
shown in FIG. 22 by the dashed line. 
Moreover, after 20 minutes from the start of lighting in the environment of 
a vehicle, the temperature around the lamp will rise with the heat of the 
flexible circuit board 84 and the engine. Therefore, the lamp operates 
well even after 20 minutes. 
While the invention has been described in connection with what are 
presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, 
it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed 
embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various 
modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and 
scope of the appended claims.