Method and a device for improving liquid removal

A method and press for heating a material to be pressed. The method includes prepressing the material without heat, or with a generally minimal amount of heat applied. Then heating the material heavily at a wettest part of the material, and simultaneously pressing the material during the heating of the material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates generally to a method and device for removing 
a liquid disposed in a material. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
Mechanical pressing is commonly used for drying various water-containing 
materials, for example bark and sludge. 
The drum press comprises a rotating drum containing an internal parallel 
eccentric press roll. When the drum rotates, the material to be processed 
is pressed between the press roll and the drum. Usually the drum is 
perforated, and the liquid leaves the pressed material through the drum. 
Using the drum press, quite high dry substance concentrations can be 
reached. For bark, depending on the type of wood, the concentration is 
preferably 40-45%, and optimally 45-50%. For sludge, the concentration is 
typically somewhat lower, depending on the type of sludge and above all on 
the biological sludge content. 
If still higher dry substance concentrations are desired, the temperatures 
of the material to be pressed can be increased. As known, the material can 
be heated, for example, by feeding steam into the material before or 
during pressing. The latter is done typically in a screw press, where 
feeding steam into the material through holes in the screw shaft is easy. 
Examples of the higher final dry substance concentration achieved by 
heating can be found, for instance, in patent application FI 934893 and SU 
inventor's certificate 1005836, where pulp suspension is heated before 
filtering. Heating of the material increases the final dry substance 
concentration, for example, because warm water has lower viscosity and so 
exhibits a lower flow resistance when it leaves the material. However, it 
is not often that pulp suspensions shall be heated, as they typically are 
not already very hot after the digesting process. 
However, the heating processes of the prior art are not optimal since the 
gain collected by them has remained quite small compared with the required 
energy consumption, so heating the water contained in the material to be 
dried demands large amounts of energy. Thus one should observe, with 
respect to the above-mentioned reference publications, that the entire 
flow of the material that is to be dried is heated. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The objective of the invention is to provide a method and a device, in its 
most preferable design a drum press, which, for example, can be used for 
pressing solid materials and materials containing liquids, when the aim is 
to press liquid from the material. 
The object of the invention here being presented is to give to the above 
mentioned problem a very simple and elegant solution, with which one in 
practice has proved that one gets considerable dewatering advantages 
meanwhile the energy consumption is significantly reduced. 
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become 
apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it 
should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, 
while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way 
of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the 
spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in 
the art from this detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The press according to the present invention can be, for example, a drum, 
roll, double-roll, screw, chain-mat or fabric press. 
The press used in the method according to the invention comprises a heating 
device, with which the material is heated without having to heat all the 
water tied in the material. Thus one can significantly reduce energy 
consumption and yet heat the material and the removing water so as to make 
the separation of liquid more efficient, and the material drier. 
The method is characterized in that: 
1) the material is prepressed only little or not at all during heating; 
2) then the material is heated more intensively; 
3) then the material is pressed and heated intensively several times over, 
so that each heating cycle is followed by a pressing cycle; and 
4) step 3) is preferably carried out so that heat is always conducted 
through the wettest part of the material, in order to more efficiently 
remove remaining water. 
As the heating is always applied to the residual water in the driest 
possible material, the total energy consumption is minimized. In a 
preferred application of the method, the heat is led counterstream against 
the flow relative to the material's drying so that the most efficient 
(hottest) heating is directed towards the driest material. 
The device according to the invention has a heating press roll that heats 
the material. The press is preferably designed as a drum press. The press 
can also have a heating drum or a device for heating directly the material 
with steam, but nonetheless so that the pressing and heating is done in a 
way corresponding to the above described method. 
The method can above all be used for drying sludge, for example from a 
purification plant, or bark. The method can naturally also be used for 
drying any other material, for example pulp, as discussed in the above 
mentioned SU inventor's certificate and in the publication FI 90442. 
Below is described, with closer reference to the appended drawings, a 
preferred embodiment in form of a device that utilizes the method 
according to the invention. 
The design applied to drum presses has also been discussed, for example in 
publications FI 69207 and WO 94/10373. Below is described only shortly the 
principles of the actual drum press of the present invention, and those 
parts that are relevant for the invention. 
The main parts of the press comprise a rotating drum 1, a press roll 2 
placed eccentrically in the drum 1, and a doctor blade type scraper 3 that 
loosens the material 200 from surface of the drum. The drum has holes 
through which the liquid 300 leaves the pressed material. The distance 
between the press roll and the drum is preferably made adjustable. 
The drum press can be such that either the press rolls the drum or both the 
press roll and the drum are driven. 
Scraper 3 is a blade placed stationary along the drum after the pressing 
point. The scraper 3 is fastened at both ends in the press body. Attached 
to the scraper 3 are guide plates 4 which guide the material 200. To guide 
the material 200 out from the drum 1, the press roll 2 and the drum 1 are 
placed at an angle, or the guide plates 4 are placed in an angle towards 
the outfeed end. The length and slope of the drum 1, and the number of 
plates and their angles determine how many times the material 200 is 
pressed when passing through the drum 1 on a spiral orbit around the press 
roll 2. 
The press roll 2 is equipped with a heating device 5. It is preferably used 
for conducting hot steam through the press roll 2. Steam is preferably 
brought to the system from the direction of outfeed end 100 towards the 
infeed end 101. Thus heating occurs against the flow. If the press roll 2 
is used as a pressure vessel, most preferably as decribed herein below, 
the press roll 2 is also equipped with devices for collecting the 
condensate, otherwise the steam is allowed to exit through holes in the 
press roll 2 or through a special steam feeding nozzle. If the press roll 
2 has holes, the water can be led away through these in the opposite 
direction. Below, the press roll is assumed to be a pressure vessel. 
The material 200 that shall be pressed is fed at point 102 into the drum 1. 
When entering the nip and while being subject to a rising pressure, the 
material 200 is dewatered relatively quickly to a specific dry substance 
concentration, which is possible in regard to the pressing power and other 
pressing properties and in regard to the material 200 properties, 
especially the temperature. When the material 200 is cold, it does not 
become completely dry, but most of the water is cold when separated. The 
harder the material 200 is pressed against the press roll 2, the more 
efficiently the heat is brought into it. No pressure is directed against 
the upper surface of the press roll 2. Therefore, heat transfer is most 
efficient only at press nip 103. Hence the water remaining in the material 
200 at point 104 does not get notably warmer before exiting. 
Now the press roll 2 heats the material 200 at the nip. The wettest part 
201 of the material 200 dried in the nip lies against the drum 1 and is 
now most efficiently heated. When the material 200 exits the nip and is 
communicated to the following pressing at point 105, it is not under 
pressure and one can, if necessary, mix it or treat it in another way. In 
any case, one has along with the rising temperature decreased the 
viscosity of the water remaining in the material 200, and the water will 
then move easier through the material 200 and drum 1. Also the bindings 
(particularly hydrogen bindings between water and fibres) that exist 
between the water and solid substance of the material 200 weaken with 
rising temperature, which even more efficiently helps remove the water 
from the material 200. 
When the material 200 is carried to another similar pressing cycle, again a 
significant amount of the removable water is removed without becoming any 
warmer, while on the other hand the water remaining after the pressing is 
again heated still more, and thus removed more efficiently during the next 
pressing. 
The fact that the method is applied so that the press roll is a pressure 
vessel, also means that as much steam condenses as the sludge can absorb 
energy when it gradually dries. Thus, feeding of superfluous energy is not 
possible, not even if the rate of the flow of the material 200 would vary. 
One can control the method properties by isolating part 21 at the feeding 
end of press roll 2 completely from the steam feeding. Then this part is 
not heated at all. Another possibility is after prepressing to feed in 
some steam directly into the material. Then only a little steam has to be 
fed in, because most of the water has already been removed. The process 
then continues after the direct steam treatment as described above. 
When the separation of water becomes more efficient, using less pressing 
power and equipment, the desired dry substance concentration can be 
achieving. Using the above described multi-phase press the resulting 
advantages are numerous. 
The above embodiment used steam for heating. However, heating with a hot 
liquid, the use of electricity or in any suitable manner is possible. 
The method can within the scope of the patent claims also be applied to 
other types of presses. However, the drum press is a preferable 
application because: 
a) in the drum press, the material is pressed as a thin mat and in a long 
nip, which makes it easier to heat the material (for example, a screw 
press has a thick mat, and a double-roll press has a short nip) 
b) in the drum press, the material is inherently brought to the first 
pressing without heating 
c) in the drum press, a preferable pressure variation cycle for the method 
is inherently achieved. 
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be 
varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure 
from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as 
would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included 
within the scope of the following claims.