MULTI-HYPOTHESIS MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION IN RF SENSING

Apparatuses and methods for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing are described. An apparatus is configured to receive, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, wherein the sensing configuration indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis; The apparatus is also configured to measure a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. The apparatus is further configured to transmit, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communications utilizing sensing.

INTRODUCTION

BRIEF SUMMARY

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is configured to receive, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The apparatus is also configured to measure a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. The apparatus is further configured to transmit, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

In the aspect, the method includes receiving, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The method also includes measuring a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. The method further includes transmitting, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is configured to receive, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. The apparatus is also configured to transmit, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The apparatus is further configured to receive, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

In the aspect, the method includes receiving, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. The method also includes transmitting, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The method further includes receiving, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Wireless communication networks, such as a 5G NR network, may enable sensing measurements and operations for wireless devices. For example, a wireless communication network and/or a wireless device may utilize specific sensing waveforms, e.g., radio detection and ranging (RADAR) waveforms, for communications and/or radio frequency (RF) sensing. For instance, a RF sensing operation against a sensing target may be performed by a wireless device, e.g., a sensing node, utilizing a sensing waveform, and sensing measurement results may be provided to a sensing entity via at least one reference signal (RS). In some scenarios, such as Doppler measurements and virtual multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) array processing, phase-coherent RSs may improve, or even enable, RF sensing operations.

However, maintaining phase coherency for RS transmissions such as in a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a sounding reference signal (SRS) may be affected by hardware configurations/capabilities, beam switching operations, data servicing in cellular systems, and/or the like, which in turn may impact sensing operation performance. As an example, sensing environments with sensing targets that move at relatively low speeds (e.g., no more than 2-3 m/s) may utilize larger windows of time (e.g., 10-20 ms, 2 frames, etc.) for sensing operations to achieve a desired sensing performance. Yet, maintaining coherent transmission over larger windows of time for sensing operations may be difficult or unachievable, which may result in impacted sensing performance.

Various aspects relate generally to wireless communications systems and sensing operations for wireless devices. Some aspects more specifically relate to multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing. In one example, a sensing node may receive, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration. The sensing configuration may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The sensing node may measure a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. The sensing node may also transmit, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. In another example, a sensing entity may receive, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node. The capability indication of the sensing node may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. The sensing entity may transmit, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration. The sensing configuration may be based on the capability indication of the sensing node and may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The sensing entity may also receive, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by utilizing configurations for multi-hypothesis sensing measurements and reporting, the described techniques can be used to track the most optimal operating scenarios for sensing operations to improve sensing operation performance and efficiency. In some examples, by utilizing configurations for multi-hypothesis sensing measurements and reporting, the described techniques can be used to implement adapted sensing measurements for a sensing node, based on prior sensing prior sensing performance, events, conditions, and/or the like, such as implementing any number of range, angle, and/or Doppler sensing measurements for a sensing node with respect to a first TRP, while restricting the sensing node to a single type of sensing measurement for a second TRP. In some examples, by utilizing multiple hypotheses for sensing measurements, the described techniques can be used to provide flexibility to a sensing entity for selecting sensing measurements in performing its sensing computations.

At least one of the TX processor368, the RX processor356, and the controller/processor359may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the component198ofFIG.1. At least one of the TX processor316, the RX processor370, and the controller/processor375may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the component199ofFIG.1.

FIG.4is a diagram400illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements. The UE404may transmit UL-SRS412at time TSRS_TXand receive DL positioning reference signals (PRS) (DL-PRS)410at time TPRS_RX. The TRP406may receive the UL-SRS412at time TSRS_RXand transmit the DL-PRS410at time TPRS_TX. The UE404may receive the DL-PRS410before transmitting the UL-SRS412, or may transmit the UL-SRS412before receiving the DL-PRS410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server(s)168) or the UE404may determine the RTT414based on ∥TSRS_RX−TPRS_TX|−|TSRS_TX−TPRS_RX∥. Accordingly, multi-RTT positioning may make use of the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_TX−TPRS_RX|) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs402,406and measured by the UE404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_RX−TPRS_TX|) and UL-SRS-RSRP at multiple TRPs402,406of uplink signals transmitted from UE404. The UE404measures the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the TRPs402,406measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. The measurements may be used at the positioning server or the UE404to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of the UE404. Other methods are possible for determining the RTT, such as for example using DL-TDOA and/or UL-TDOA measurements.

DL-AoD positioning may make use of the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs402,406at the UE404. The UE404measures the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD), the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information to locate the UE404in relation to the neighboring TRPs402,406.

DL-TDOA positioning may make use of the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs402,406at the UE404. The UE404measures the DL RSTD (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE404in relation to the neighboring TRPs402,406.

UL-TDOA positioning may make use of the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP) at multiple TRPs402,406of uplink signals transmitted from UE404. The TRPs402,406measure the UL-RTOA (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE404.

UL-AoA positioning may make use of the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) at multiple TRPs402,406of uplink signals transmitted from the UE404. The TRPs402,406measure the A-AoA and the Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE404.

Additional positioning methods may be used for estimating the location of the UE404, such as for example, UE-side UL-AoD and/or DL-AoA. Note that data/measurements from various technologies may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, to determine and/or to enhance certainty, to supplement/complement measurements, and/or to substitute/provide for missing information.

In addition to network-based UE positioning technologies, a wireless device (e.g., a UE, an access point (AP), etc.) may also be configured to include sensing capabilities, where the wireless device may be able to sense (e.g., detect and/or track) one or more objects or target entities of an area or in an environment based on radio frequencies. An environment may refer to a particular geographical area or place, especially as affected by human activity, or the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded. For example, a wireless device may include a radar capability (which may be referred to as “RF sensing” and/or “cellular-based RF sensing), where the wireless device may transmit reference signals (e.g., radar reference signals (RRSs)) and measure the reference signals reflected from one or more objects (e.g., structures, walls, living objects, and/or things in an environment, etc.). Based on the measurement, the wireless device may determine or estimate a distance between the wireless device and the one or more objects and/or obtain environmental information associated with its surrounding. In another example, a first wireless device may receive signals transmitted from a second wireless device, where the first wireless device may determine or estimate a distance between the first wireless device and the second wireless device based on the received signals. For example, a tracking device (e.g., a Bluetooth tracker, an item tracker, an asset tracking device, etc.) may be configured to regularly transmit signals (e.g., beacon signals) or small amounts of data to a receiving device, such that the receiving device may be able to monitor the location or the relative distance of the tracking device. As such, a user may be able to track the location of an item (e.g., a car key, a wallet, a remote control, etc.) by attaching the tracking device to the item. For purposes of the present disclosure, a device/apparatus that is capable of performing sensing (e.g., transmitting and/or receiving signals for detecting at least one object or for estimating the distance between the device and the at least one object) may be referred to as a “sensing device,” a “sensing node,” or a “sensing entity.” For example, a sensing device may be a UE, an AP device (e.g., a Wi-Fi router), a base station, a component of the base station, a TRP, a device capable of performing radar functions, etc. Furthermore, a target entity may be any object (e.g., a person, a vehicle, a UE, etc.) for which a positioning or sensing session is performed, for example, to determine a location thereof, a velocity thereof, a heading thereof, a physiological characteristic thereof, etc. In addition, a device/apparatus that is capable of transmitting signals to a sensing device for the sensing device to determine the location or the relative distance of the device/apparatus may be referred to as a “tracking device,” a “tracker,” or a “tag.”

For purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning session may be referred to the transmitting, the receiving, and the measuring of reference signals for the purposes of determining a positioning result or state (e.g., a location, a heading, a velocity, etc.) of a target entity. An RF sensing session may be referred to the transmitting, the receiving, and the measuring of reference signals for the purposes of determining a sensing result or state of an environment in which the target entity is included (e.g., a change in the environment), at least one physiological characteristic of a target entity, a location of the target entity, a velocity of the target entity, a heading of the target entity, etc.

Wireless communication networks and/or wireless devices may operate as sensing nodes (e.g., a node at which a sensing measurement operation may be performed, such as a UE, a base station, a TRP, etc.) and/or as sensing entities (e.g., a network entity by which sensing configurations are provided and sensing computations may be performed for wireless device tracking, such as a base station, a LMF, etc.). Specific sensing waveforms like RADAR waveforms may be utilized for communications and/or radio frequency (RF) sensing by sensing nodes and/or sensing entities. For instance, a RF sensing operation against a sensing target may be performed by a sensing node via a sensing waveform, and sensing measurement results for the sensing operation against the sensing target may be provided to a sensing entity via RSs. In some scenarios, such as Doppler measurements and virtual multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) array processing, phase-coherent RSs may improve, or even enable, RF sensing operations. However, maintaining phase coherency for RS transmissions, such as in a PRS or a SRS, may be affected by hardware configurations/capabilities, beam switching operations, data servicing in cellular systems, and/or the like, which in turn may impact sensing operation performance. As noted above, sensing environments with sensing targets that move at relatively low speeds (e.g., no more than 2-3 m/s) may utilize larger windows of time (e.g., 10-20 ms, 2 frames, etc.) for sensing operations to achieve a desired sensing performance, but maintaining coherent transmission over larger windows of time for sensing operations may be difficult or unachievable, which may result in impacted sensing performance. That is, sensing over a long window of time may not yield consistent or viable sensing measurement results as such operations over longer time windows may not guarantee transmission of coherent signals for such a period of time.

The described aspects provide for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements that enable wireless devices, e.g., sensing nodes, and base stations/LMFs, e.g., sensing entities, to improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency through configuration and utilization of multiple sensing hypotheses. For instance, aspects herein provide for a sensing node that may be configured to receive, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration that may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The sensing node may be configured to measure a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g., data obtained from performing sensing measurements on a signal) associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, and to transmit, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. A sensing entity may be configured to receive, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node that may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. The sensing entity may be configured to transmit, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration (e.g., that may be based on the capability indication of the sensing node and may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis), and to receive, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

Accordingly, aspects described herein improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency. For example, a sensing entity may track the most optimal operating scenarios for sensing operations to improve sensing operation performance and efficiency based on configurations for multi-hypothesis sensing measurements and reporting. As an example, a sensing node may be configured with a first and a second sensing hypothesis: the first sensing hypothesis may indicate a portion or subset of sensing occasions for a sensing resource set, while the second sensing hypothesis may indicate the full set of the sensing occasions for the sensing resource set. Configurations may also utilize multi-hypothesis sensing measurements and reporting to implement dynamic/adapted sensing measurements for a sensing node based on prior sensing performance, events, conditions, and/or the like. As an example, the sensing entity may implement any number of range, angle, and/or Doppler sensing measurements for a sensing node with respect to a first TRP, while restricting the sensing node to a single type of sensing measurement for a second TRP. Further, utilizing multiple hypotheses for sensing measurements may provide flexibility to a sensing entity for selecting sensing measurements in performing its sensing computations. As examples, a sensing entity may obtain/have side information indicative of whether a phase discontinuity may have occurred, and thus may use the first sensing hypothesis for sensing computations. The sensing entity may be enabled to perform more conservative computations and utilize the first sensing hypothesis in some cases. Moreover, even if the sensing entity does not receive an indication of phase discontinuity, the sensing entity may run an outlier rejection algorithm and determine that utilizing the second sensing hypothesis may lead to an outlier, which may indicate that an associated TRP has lost phase continuity or may indicate that the associated TRP does not guarantee phase coherence over a long window. If the latter observation by the sensing entity holds true for many sensing sessions, the sensing entity may avoid using the associate TRP for Doppler measurements or may adjust its window accordingly. In aspects, a network node and/or sensing entity may be configured to compare the sets of sensing measurement data based on each utilized sensing hypothesis. If the difference represented by the comparison is greater than, or greater than or equal to, a threshold, this may indicate that a second hypothesis may not be reliable, and/or may indicate that each hypothesis measurement is not reliable. Additionally, aspects are applicable to 5G NR and may also be extended to 5G Enhanced and 6G applications.

While various aspects may be described in the context of phase coherency in sensing and of positioning resources for descriptive and illustrative purposes, aspects are not so limited and may be applicable to other types of resources and operations, as would be understood by persons of skill in the relevant art(s) having the benefit of this disclosure.

FIG.5is a diagram500illustrating an example sensing operation and sensing measurement transmissions, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As noted above, maintaining phase coherency for RS transmissions, such as in a PRS or a SRS, may be affected by hardware configurations/capabilities, beam switching operations, data servicing in cellular systems, and/or the like, which in turn may impact sensing operation performance.

In diagram500, a sensing node may be configured to transmit a coherent RS with sensing measurement data based on sensing measurements in a transmission gap502. Utilizing the transmission gap502may enable the sensing node to transmit coherent RSs without interruptions/interference as the sensing node is not expected to perform other operations during the transmission gap502. In another example, a sensing node may be configured avoid phase coherence discontinuity for RS transmissions by transmitting sensing measurement data in a sub-coherent processing interval (CPI)504. The sub-CPI interval504may be indicated by a sensing entity and may enable a sensing node, based on prior signaling, for example, to transmit in locations where phase coherency discontinuities have not happened.

In diagram500, a sensing operation508is also shown. The sensing operation508is illustrated as including at least one sensing occasion506. The number of the sensing occasion506shown may represent a full sensing resource set over which a sensing operation may be performed by a sensing node to obtain/measure sensing measurement data.

FIG.6is a call flow diagram600for wireless communications, in various aspects. Call flow diagram600illustrates multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements by a sensing node (e.g., a sensing node602, such as a UE, a base station, a sidelink (SL) UE, a TRP, a roadside unit (RSU), a positioning reference unit (PRU), etc.) that may communicate with and/or performing sensing operations with/without a sensing entity (e.g., a sensing entity604, such as a base station, a gNB, or other type of base station or network node, a UE, a LMF, etc., by way of example, as shown). Aspects described for the sensing entity604may be performed by the sensing entity in aggregated form and/or by one or more components of the sensing entity604in disaggregated form. Additionally, or alternatively, the aspects may be performed by the sensing node602autonomously, in addition to, and/or in lieu of, operations of the sensing entity604.

In the illustrated aspect, the sensing node602may be configured to provide, for the sensing entity604, a capability indication606of the sensing node602. The capability indication606of the sensing node602may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. For example, the capability indication606may indicate capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses per sensing occasion, including: a number of sensing hypotheses supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like, in aspects.

The capability indication606may be based on a solicited request, e.g., from the sensing entity604, or may be unsolicited/requested, e.g., provided/transmitted to the sensing entity604without a request. That is, the sensing node602may be configured to provide the capability indication606in response to a capability request or without/before a capability request. In aspects, the sensing entity604may be configured to request the sensing node602to indicate its capability to run multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. In such aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to indicate its support to run multiple hypothesis via the capability indication606. The capability indication606may also indicate how many hypotheses can be supported by the sensing node602and/or any related sensing capabilities, along with buffer/processing capabilities of the sensing node602.

The sensing node602may be configured to receive, from the sensing entity604, a sensing configuration608. The sensing configuration608may be based on the capability indication606. The sensing configuration608may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. In aspects, a sensing hypothesis may be an indication/configuration of a set or subset of sensing resources for which sensing is performed. For example, the sensing entity604may be configured to transmit/provide, for the sensing node602, the sensing configuration608that indicates the number of sensing hypotheses, including the hypotheses themselves, for obtaining sensing measurement data for sensing operations. In aspects, for the total number of sensing hypotheses, each sensing hypothesis configuration in the sensing configuration608may specify a set of sensing measurements to be performed by the sensing node602and the corresponding reference signals (e.g., as a set, as a set of different signals, etc.) by which the set of sensing measurements are to be reported by the sensing node602.

The sensing configuration608may indicate, from the total number of sensing hypotheses, a first sensing hypothesis that corresponds to a subset of sensing occasions of a sensing resource set and/or a second sensing hypothesis that corresponds to a full set of the sensing occasions in the sensing resource set. In aspects, a sensing resource set may be one or more instances or occasions of a resource in a references signal. The sensing configuration608may also indicate the sensing measurements as a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like, in aspects, and the sensing configuration may further indicate at least one of a same transmission occasion (e.g., at least a portion of resource of a transmission signal by which data/information may be transmitted) for reporting/transmitting sets of sensing measurement data or a first transmission occasion for a first set of sensing measurement data and a second transmission occasion for a second set of sensing measurement data. In aspects, the sensing configuration608may indicate a set of corresponding reference signals respectively associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses and transmission occasions for reporting, as described herein, and one or more of the reference signals in the set of corresponding reference signals may be different from other signals in the set of corresponding reference signals. In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data or the second set of sensing measurement data may be associated with at least one corresponding reference signal and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement, based on the sensing configuration608.

The sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. For instance, the sensing node602may perform sensing operations for measurements according to the configured sensing hypotheses in the sensing configuration608. The sets of sensing measurement data obtained via the sensing operations measured (at610) may include one or more of the indicated sensing measurements of a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like, from sensing configuration608. In aspects, the measurement (at610) may include sensing measurements associated with one or more TRPs, based on the sensing configuration608. In aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with a first sensing hypothesis in a subset of sensing occasions of a sensing resource set and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with a second sensing hypothesis in the full set of the sensing occasions of the sensing resource set.

The sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, measurement data/indication612. For example, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604and as the measurement data/indication612, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. The first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data of the measurement data/indication612may include a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like, as indicated in sensing configuration608. The indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis may indicate at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis that was utilized for to measure (e.g., at610) the first set or the second set of sensing measurement data. For instance, in aspects for which the sensing node602or a network node (e.g., a base station) activates a sensing hypothesis instead of the sensing entity604, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit the utilized sensing hypothesis for the sensing entity604as part of the measurement data/indication612so that the sensing entity604is aware of the utilized sensing hypothesis(es).

In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data or the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis of the measurement data/indication612may also include information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis.

In some aspects, transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data of the measurement data/indication612in the same transmission occasion includes transmitting in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals, e.g., as configured via sensing configuration608. In some aspects, transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) in the first transmission occasion is performed on a first reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals, and transmitting the second set of sensing measurement data (the measurement data/indication612) in the second transmission occasion is performed on a second reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals.

Referring back again to the sensing configuration608, the measure (at610) of the first set and the second set of sensing measurements by the sensing node602, and the measurement data/indication612, the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, and/or the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) may also include in aspects, information associated with a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, and/or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. That is, while aspects herein provide for network-based solutions, multi-hypothesis measurements for sensing computations also applies to UE-based solutions. Thus, in aspects for a UE-based sensing session, a sensing node may configure a UE for multi-hypothesis measurements, and the UE may report to the sensing entity which sensing hypothesis generated better results.

Accordingly, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy based on the measure (at610), described above. Aspects herein provide that the sensing node602may be configured to receive, e.g., from the sensing entity604, an adjusted sensing configuration, which may be a further aspect of the sensing configuration608in call flow diagram600ofFIG.6. The adjusted sensing configuration may be associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, as similarly described above for the sensing configuration608, and the adjusted sensing configuration may indicate at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be provided to the sensing node602from the sensing entity604based on the information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy.

The sensing node602may thus be enabled/configured to measure (e.g., as similarly described for610) a third set of sensing measurement data and/or a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, and/or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis, as similarly described for the measure (at610) in call flow diagram600. The sensing node602may be configured to then transmit, for the sensing entity604, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data, as similarly described for transmitting the measurement data/indication612.

An example of when a UE-based sensing session may be applied (e.g., where the sensing node602may be a UE), a scenario is described here for a consider a UE (e.g., a car) with access to a velocity sensor. By comparing a velocity estimation from each of two configured hypotheses to the ground truth velocity obtained from the velocity sensor, the UE may be configured to determine which of the two configured hypothesis performed better. Such an indication may be reported to a sensing entity. Based on the indication/information from the UE, the sensing entity may configure adjusted hypotheses and/or measurements for other UEs in subsequent sensing sessions (e.g., by excluding Doppler measurements from a certain TRP). As another example, a UE may be configured to execute an outlier rejection algorithm and determine one of the hypotheses leads to an outlier. This outlier may be reported to the network entity for further adjusted configurations.

FIG.7is a diagram700illustrating an example multi-hypothesis configuration for sensing operations, in various aspects. In aspects herein, a sensing hypothesis may correspond to a type of sensing measurement that may be configured with certain reference signals. The illustrated aspect in diagram700includes at least one sensing occasion702(e.g., a resource of a signal for which sensing is performed). The number of the sensing occasion702shown may represent a full sensing resource set704over which a sensing operation may be performed for a sensing session by a sensing node to obtain/measure sets of sensing measurement data. In aspects herein for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements, by way of example, a first sensing hypothesis706and a second sensing hypothesis708may be utilized in the obtaining the sensing measurements.

The first sensing hypothesis706and the second sensing hypothesis708may include different numbers of the sensing occasion702. For instance, the first sensing hypothesis706may be a subset of the full set of the sensing occasion702in the sensing resource set704. As one example and as shown, the first sensing hypothesis706may include half, or approximately half, of the number of the sensing occasion702in the sensing resource set704. In other examples, other numbers of the sensing occasion702in the sensing resource set704may be utilized for the first sensing hypothesis706. For the second sensing hypothesis708, the full set of the of the number of the sensing occasion702in the sensing resource set704may be utilized, in aspects, although it is contemplated herein that other numbers of the sensing occasion702in the sensing resource set704may be utilized for the second sensing hypothesis708.

The first sensing hypothesis706and the second sensing hypothesis708may be aspects of the sensing hypotheses described above with respect toFIG.6, and elsewhere herein, such as inFIG.7. For instance, and with reference back toFIG.6and call flow diagram600, the sensing node602and/or the sensing entity604may be configured to perform sensing computations based on sets of sensing measurement data that is measured according to the first sensing hypothesis706and/or the second sensing hypothesis708.

As one example, a sensing entity (e.g., sensing entity604) may generate a Doppler map based on the first half of the sensing occasions702from the sensing resource set704, such as is illustrated for the first sensing hypothesis706. On the other hand, a sensing entity (e.g., sensing entity604) may generate a Doppler map based on the full set of the sensing occasions702of the sensing resource set704, such as is illustrated for the second sensing hypothesis708. As another example, a sensing entity (e.g., sensing entity604) may be configured to generate a range map based on coherent processing across the sensing resource set704, and/or may be configured to generate a range map based on non-coherent processing across the sensing resource set704, in various aspects.

FIG.8is a diagram800illustrating an example hypothesis activation for sensing operations, in various aspects. Diagram800may be a further and/or continued aspect of diagram700inFIG.7. The illustrated aspect in diagram800includes at least one sensing occasion802for a sensing session that includes a first portion820and a second portion822. The number of the sensing occasion802shown may represent a full first sensing resource set804and a full second sensing resource set810over which a sensing operation(s) may be performed for a sensing session by a sensing node to obtain/measure sets of sensing measurement data. In aspects herein for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements, by way of example, a first sensing hypothesis806, a second sensing hypothesis808, and a third sensing hypothesis812may be utilized in the obtaining the sensing measurements.

The first sensing hypothesis806, the second sensing hypothesis808, and the third sensing hypothesis812may include different numbers of the sensing occasion802. For instance, the first sensing hypothesis806may be a subset of the full set of the number of the sensing occasion802in the first sensing resource set804. As one example and as shown, the first sensing hypothesis806may include half, or approximately half, of the number of the sensing occasion802in the first sensing resource set804. In other examples, other numbers of the sensing occasion802in the first sensing resource set804may be utilized for the first sensing hypothesis806. For the second sensing hypothesis808, the full set of the of the number of the sensing occasion802in the first sensing resource set804/the second sensing resource set810may be utilized, in aspects, although it is contemplated herein that other numbers of the sensing occasion802in the first sensing resource set804/the second sensing resource set810may be utilized for the second sensing hypothesis808. The third sensing hypothesis812may, by way of example, also be a subset of the full set of the number of the sensing occasion802in the second sensing resource set810. As one example and as shown, the third sensing hypothesis812may include less than half, or approximately one fourth, of the number of the sensing occasion802in the second sensing resource set810. In other examples, other numbers of the sensing occasion802in the second sensing resource set810may be utilized for the third sensing hypothesis812.

The first sensing hypothesis806, the second sensing hypothesis808, and the third sensing hypothesis812may be aspects of sensing hypotheses described above with respect toFIG.6, and elsewhere herein, such as inFIG.7. For instance, and with reference back toFIG.6and call flow diagram600, the sensing node602and/or the sensing entity604may be configured to perform sensing computations based on sets of sensing measurement data that is measured according to the first sensing hypothesis806, the second sensing hypothesis808, and/or the third sensing hypothesis812.

In the first portion820of the sensing operation illustrated in diagram800, a sensing node may be configured to measure (at814), for ones of sensing occasion802, sets of sensing measurement data for the first sensing resource set804utilizing the first sensing hypothesis806and the second sensing hypothesis808. According to aspects, these sets of sensing measurement data may be transmitted/provided for a sensing entity. The sensing node may be configured to then receive a hypothesis activation816, e.g., form sensing entity or a network node. In aspects, a hypothesis activation may be an indication/configuration to activate and utilize one or more specific hypotheses for sensing. The provision/reception of the hypothesis activation816may be based on the sets of sensing measurement data and/or on additional information included therewith (e.g., a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, a measurement efficacy for one or more of the sets of sensing measurement data, loss of coherence, and/or the like, as described herein). In aspects, the hypothesis activation816may include an indication of one or more sensing hypotheses to be utilized by a sensing node. In the illustrated aspect, the hypothesis activation816may include an indication of the third sensing hypothesis812to be utilized by the sensing node in the second portion822of the illustrated sensing session.

The sensing node may thus be configured to measure (at818) based on the hypothesis activation816, for ones of sensing occasion802, sets of sensing measurement data for the second sensing resource set810utilizing the third sensing hypothesis812and the second sensing hypothesis808. According to aspects, these sets of sensing measurement data may be transmitted/provided for a sensing entity. Some aspects may also provide for the third sensing hypothesis812to be utilized in the second portion822, without utilizing the second sensing hypothesis808, based on the hypothesis activation816.

In aspects, provision/reception of the hypothesis activation816may occur during a sensing session, as illustrated, or may occur prior to a sensing session (e.g., in a case where the measure (at814) does not take place but the first sensing hypothesis806and the second sensing hypothesis808are configured by a sensing configuration, as described herein). Additionally, the hypothesis activation816may activate one or more sensing hypotheses, in aspects, and may be utilized to improve performance, accuracy, efficiency, and/or the like, for sensing measurement operations, node operations generally, etc. For instance, with respect to energy savings on the sensing node, the sensing entity may request the sensing node to perform sensing measurements on a subset of measurements with a negligible performance loss by activating the corresponding sensing hypothesis, e.g., the sensing hypothesis812, reducing the sensing and associated processing/transmission power. An example of this is illustrated in diagram800by activating the third sensing hypothesis812instead of the first sensing hypothesis806(with or without the second sensing hypothesis808). As another example, based on multi-hypothesis measurements analysis, the sensing entity may estimate that Doppler measurements from one TRP are not valid (e.g., its transmissions are not phase-coherent). The sensing entity may deactivate Doppler measurements from that TRP by activating the corresponding hypothesis.

It may also be noted that the sensing node may obtain side information about Doppler estimates through other sources, such as a velocity sensor on a UE whose output is shared with the sensing entity. Thus, the sensing entity may be configured to utilize such side information to validate the Doppler measurements from a certain TRP. Additionally, the activation of a subset of sensing hypotheses may occur multiple times within a sensing session. As one example, in a scenario for a periodic sensing session, the sensing node may be configured to adjust the utilized sensing hypotheses, e.g., as best improves sensing operations.

FIG.9is a diagram900illustrating an example hypothesis activation and reporting for sensing operations, in various aspects. Diagram900includes a sensing node902, a sensing entity904, a network node (e.g., a base station906), and one or more TRPs908(which may be a sensing target(s), in aspects).

In aspects, as described above, hypothesis activations may be utilized in sensing operations to specifically activate one or more sensing hypothesis. Diagram900shows a hypothesis activation910, which may be initiated by the sensing node902itself, by the sensing entity904for the sensing node902, and/or by the base station906(e.g., the network node) for the sensing node902. The hypothesis activation910may be provided/transmitted, received, obtained, implemented, etc., subsequent to receiving a sensing configuration, including before sensing sessions and/or during sensing sessions. The hypothesis activation910may indicate at least one sensing hypothesis from a total number of sensing hypotheses for performing measurements in sensing operations.

In aspects, the sensing entity904may be a LMF, and the hypothesis activation910may be associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node902. In some aspects, the hypothesis activation910may be received by the sensing node902, as transmitted/provided from the base station906(e.g., from a network node), via at least one of RRC signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or DCI. In cases where the sensing entity904may be a network entity, such as an LMF, communications between the sensing entity904and the sensing node902may be via proper signaling such as LTE positioning protocol (LPP), which may be a higher layer signaling. The base station906, e.g., a network node, may be configured to dynamically activate a subset of sensing hypotheses via the hypothesis activation910based on specific conditions. As one example, the base station906may be aware of a beam switch in between sensing reference signal transmissions, which may invalidate the phase coherence property of the sensing reference signals. Based on that knowledge, the base station906may be configured to activate a subset of sensing hypothesis, via the hypothesis activation910, to be measured by the sensing node902and reported to the sensing entity904.

In some aspects, the sensing node902may be a SL UE, the sensing entity904may be a UE, and the hypothesis activation910may be associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node902. The hypothesis activation910may be received by the sensing node902, as transmitted/provided from the sensing entity904, via a sidelink channel by at least one of direct communication (PC5) RRC signaling, a PC5 MAC-CE, SL control information (SCI) stage 1, or SCI stage 2. As one example, a UE, acting as the sensing entity904, may be configured, via the sidelink channel, to configure a participating SL UE, acting as the sensing node902, with multiple sensing hypotheses from which the hypothesis activation910triggers/selects at least one sensing hypothesis. The SL UE may then perform the multi-hypothesis measurements utilizing the triggered/selected sensing hypothesis(es) and report resulting sensing measurement data and the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) back to the UE.

In some aspects, activation of hypothesis measurements via the hypothesis activation910, and corresponding reporting, may be based on one or more events. That is, aspects herein provide for the sensing node902to trigger the hypothesis activation910, as noted above. Once the configured event(s) is triggered, one or more sensing hypotheses may be autonomously utilized by the sensing node902for performing sensing measurements, to generate sensing measurement data, which may be subsequently reported by the sensing node902to the sensing entity904. As one example of a triggering event, the sensing node902, e.g., a UE, may experience a mobility event and/or cell switching. In such cases, the sensing node902may move between a first area and a second area or switch from a first cell to a second cell. For instance, within the first area, the sensing node may perform sensing measurements based on a first sensing hypothesis and/or a second sensing hypothesis. Based on a mobility event experienced by the sensing node902(e.g., moving to the second area), the sensing node902may trigger the hypothesis activation910such that in the second area, the sensing node may perform sensing measurements based on a third sensing hypothesis and/or a fourth sensing hypothesis.

As described for aspects herein, a sensing node (e.g., the sensing node902) may perform sensing measurements by measuring sets of sensing measurement data914associated with sensing hypotheses. In the illustrated example, the sensing node902may perform such sensing measurements based on signaling912from the one or more TRPs908. The sensing node902may report (e.g., transmit/provide) the sensing measurements for each hypothesis, as the sets of sensing measurement data914, to the sensing entity904.

In aspects, the sets of sensing measurement data914may be reported by the sensing node902to the sensing entity904in a same reporting occasion916of a RS (e.g., RS 1), while in other aspects each set of the sets of sensing measurement data914may be configured with its own reporting occasion, e.g., a reporting occasion918and a reporting occasion920, in a corresponding RS (e.g., RS 1 and RS 2, respectively). In aspects, the sets of sensing measurement data914may include and/or be accompanied by an indication of the sensing hypothesis(es) utilized by the sensing node902. In some aspects, each sensing hypothesis may be reported in the same reporting occasion of a RS (e.g., the same reporting occasion916in RS 1), while in other aspects each sensing hypothesis may be configured with its own reporting occasion in a corresponding RS, e.g., the reporting occasion918and the reporting occasion920, in RS 1 and RS 2, respectively. In some aspects, a first transmission occasion may be different from a second transmission occasion for the reporting above, e.g., the reporting occasion918may be different than the reporting occasion920.

FIG.10is a flowchart1000of a method of wireless communication, in various aspects. The method may be performed by a sensing node (e.g., the UE104,404; the sensing node602,902; the TRP402,406,908; the apparatus1404). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow inFIG.6and/or aspects described in FIGS. and7-9. The method provides for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements that enable wireless devices, e.g., sensing nodes, and base stations/LMFs, e.g., sensing entities, to improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency through configuration and utilization of multiple sensing hypotheses.

At1002, a sensing node receives, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602receiving such a sensing configuration from a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to provide, for the sensing entity604, a capability indication606of the sensing node602. The capability indication606of the sensing node602may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. For example, the capability indication606may indicate capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) per sensing occasion (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8), including: a number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like, in aspects. The capability indication606may be based on a solicited request, e.g., from the sensing entity604, or may be unsolicited/requested, e.g., provided/transmitted to the sensing entity604without a request. That is, the sensing node602may be configured to provide the capability indication606in response to a capability request or without/before a capability request. In aspects, the sensing entity604may be configured to request the sensing node602to indicate its capability to run multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. In such aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to indicate its support to run multiple hypothesis via the capability indication606. The capability indication606may also indicate how many hypotheses can be supported by the sensing node602and/or any related sensing capabilities, along with buffer/processing capabilities of the sensing node602.

The sensing node602may be configured to receive, from the sensing entity604, a sensing configuration608. The sensing configuration608may be based on the capability indication606. The sensing configuration608may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and at least a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that is different from the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8). For example, the sensing entity604may be configured to transmit/provide, for the sensing node602, the sensing configuration608that indicates the number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), including the hypotheses themselves, for obtaining sensing measurement data for sensing operations (e.g., at610). In aspects, for the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), each sensing hypothesis configuration in the sensing configuration608may specify a set of sensing measurements to be performed (e.g., at610) by the sensing node602and the corresponding reference signals (e.g., as a set, as a set of different signals, etc.) (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) by which the set of sensing measurements (e.g., at610) are to be reported by the sensing node602. The sensing configuration608may indicate, from the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) that corresponds to a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and/or a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that corresponds to a full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) in the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8). The sensing configuration608may also indicate the sensing measurements (e.g., at610) as a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), in aspects, and the sensing configuration may further indicate at least one of a same transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916inFIG.9) for reporting/transmitting sets of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) or a first transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;918inFIG.9) for a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) and a second transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;920inFIG.9) for a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9). In aspects, the sensing configuration608may indicate a set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) respectively associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and transmission occasions (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) for reporting, as described herein, and one or more of the reference signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) may be different from other signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9). In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) may be associated with at least one corresponding reference signal (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement (e.g., from912inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608.

At1004, a sensing node measures a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the measurement may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602measuring in such a manner.

The sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). For instance, the sensing node602may perform sensing operations for measurements (at610) according to the configured sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) in the sensing configuration608. The sets of sensing measurement data obtained via the sensing operations measured (at610) may include one or more of the indicated sensing measurements of a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler (e.g., from912inFIG.9) measurement(s), and/or the like, from sensing configuration608. In aspects, the measurement (at610) may include sensing measurements associated with one or more TRPs (e.g.,908inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608. In aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) in a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) in the full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8).

The measure (at610) of the first set and the second set of sensing measurements by the sensing node602, and the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9), and/or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) may also include in aspects, information associated with a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, and/or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). That is, while aspects herein provide for network-based solutions, multi-hypothesis measurements for sensing computations also applies to UE-based solutions. Thus, in aspects for a UE-based sensing session, a sensing node (e.g.,602inFIG.6;902inFIG.9) may configure a UE for multi-hypothesis measurements, and the UE may report to the sensing entity (e.g.,604inFIG.6;904inFIG.9) which sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) generated better results.

At1006, a sensing node transmits, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602transmitting sets of sensing measurement data and/or an indication for a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For example, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604and as the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). The first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) may include a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), as indicated in sensing configuration608. The indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) may indicate at least one of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) or the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that was utilized for to measure (e.g., at610) the first set or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For instance, in aspects for which the sensing node602or a network node (e.g., the base station906inFIG.9) activates a sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) instead of the sensing entity604, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit the utilized sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) for the sensing entity604as part of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) so that the sensing entity604is aware of the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8).

In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) of the measurement data/indication612may also include information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8).

In some aspects, transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612in the same transmission occasion includes transmitting in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal (e.g.,916on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), e.g., as configured via sensing configuration608. In some aspects, transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) in the first transmission occasion (e.g.,918inFIG.9) is performed on a first reference signal (e.g., on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), and transmitting the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) (the measurement data/indication612) in the second transmission occasion (e.g.,920inFIG.9) is performed on a second reference signal (e.g., on RS 2 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9).

The sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy based on the measure (at610), described above. Aspects herein provide that the sensing node602may be configured to receive, e.g., from the sensing entity604, an adjusted sensing configuration, which may be a further aspect of the sensing configuration608in call flow diagram600ofFIG.6. The adjusted sensing configuration may be associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8), as similarly described above for the sensing configuration608, and the adjusted sensing configuration may indicate at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8). In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be provided to the sensing node602from the sensing entity604based on the information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy.

The sensing node602may thus be enabled/configured to measure (e.g., as similarly described for610) a third set of sensing measurement data and/or a fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9) associated with the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, and/or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8), as similarly described for the measure (at610) in call flow diagram600. The sensing node602may be configured to then transmit, for the sensing entity604, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9), as similarly described for transmitting the measurement data/indication612(e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9).

FIG.11is a flowchart1100of a method of wireless communication, in various aspects. The method may be performed by a sensing node (e.g., the UE104,404; the sensing node602,902; the TRP402,406,908; the apparatus1404). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow inFIGS.6,9and/or aspects described inFIGS.7,8. The method provides for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements that enable wireless devices, e.g., sensing nodes, and base stations/LMFs, e.g., sensing entities, to improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency through configuration and utilization of multiple sensing hypotheses.

At1102, a sensing node receives a capability request of the sensing node. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602receiving such a capability request from a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to receive, from the sensing entity604, a capability request for a sensing capability(ies) of the sensing node602. In aspects, the sensing node602may receive the capability request associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting as transmitted/provided by the sensing entity604. The capability request may indicate that the sensing node602provide/transmit to sensing entity604at least one of capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) per sensing occasion (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8), including (without limitation): a number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like. In some aspects, the provision/reception of the capability request may be optional (e.g., the sensing node902may provide its sensing capabilities autonomously without or before receiving the capability request from the sensing entity904).

At1104, a sensing node provides, to the sensing entity, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting including at least one of a number of sensing hypotheses supported by the sensing node, a buffer capability of the sensing node, a processing capability of the sensing node, or a related sensing capability of the sensing node. As an example, the provision may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602transmitting/providing such a capability indication from a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to provide, for the sensing entity604, a capability indication606of the sensing node602. The capability indication606of the sensing node602may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. For example, the capability indication606may indicate capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) per sensing occasion (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8), including: a number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like, in aspects. The capability indication606may be based on a solicited request, e.g., from the sensing entity604, or may be unsolicited/requested, e.g., provided/transmitted to the sensing entity604without a request. That is, the sensing node602may be configured to provide the capability indication606in response to a capability request or without/before a capability request. In aspects, the sensing entity604may be configured to request the sensing node602to indicate its capability to run multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. In such aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to indicate its support to run multiple hypothesis via the capability indication606. The capability indication606may also indicate how many hypotheses can be supported by the sensing node602and/or any related sensing capabilities, along with buffer/processing capabilities of the sensing node602.

At1106, a sensing node receives, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602receiving such a sensing configuration from a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to receive, from the sensing entity604, a sensing configuration608. The sensing configuration608may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and at least a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that is different from the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8). For example, the sensing entity604may be configured to transmit/provide, for the sensing node602, the sensing configuration608that indicates the number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), including the hypotheses themselves, for obtaining sensing measurement data for sensing operations (e.g., at610). In aspects, for the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), each sensing hypothesis configuration in the sensing configuration608may specify a set of sensing measurements to be performed (e.g., at610) by the sensing node602and the corresponding reference signals (e.g., as a set, as a set of different signals, etc.) (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) by which the set of sensing measurements (e.g., at610) are to be reported by the sensing node602. The sensing configuration608may indicate, from the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) that corresponds to a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and/or a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that corresponds to a full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) in the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8). The sensing configuration608may also indicate the sensing measurements (e.g., at610) as a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), in aspects, and the sensing configuration may further indicate at least one of a same transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916inFIG.9) for reporting/transmitting sets of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) or a first transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;918inFIG.9) for a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) and a second transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;920inFIG.9) for a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9). In aspects, the sensing configuration608may indicate a set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) respectively associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and transmission occasions (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) for reporting, as described herein, and one or more of the reference signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) may be different from other signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9). In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) may be associated with at least one corresponding reference signal (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement (e.g., from912inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608.

At1108, a sensing node measures a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the measurement may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602measuring in such a manner.

The sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). For instance, the sensing node602may perform sensing operations for measurements (at610) according to the configured sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) in the sensing configuration608. The sets of sensing measurement data obtained via the sensing operations measured (at610) may include one or more of the indicated sensing measurements of a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler (e.g., from912inFIG.9) measurement(s), and/or the like, from sensing configuration608. In aspects, the measurement (at610) may include sensing measurements associated with one or more TRPs (e.g.,908inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608. In aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) in a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) in the full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8).

The measure (at610) of the first set and the second set of sensing measurements by the sensing node602, and the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9), and/or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) may also include in aspects, information associated with a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, and/or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). That is, while aspects herein provide for network-based solutions, multi-hypothesis measurements for sensing computations also applies to UE-based solutions. Thus, in aspects for a UE-based sensing session, a sensing node (e.g.,602inFIG.6;902inFIG.9) may configure a UE for multi-hypothesis measurements, and the UE may report to the sensing entity (e.g.,604inFIG.6;904inFIG.9) which sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) generated better results. In aspects, the measure (at610) may be a part of a sensing session (e.g., as in700inFIG.7;800inFIG.8) that includes at least a full set of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8).

At1110, a sensing node transmits, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602transmitting sets of sensing measurement data and/or an indication for a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For example, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604and as the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). The first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) may include a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), as indicated in sensing configuration608. The indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) may indicate at least one of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) or the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that was utilized for to measure (e.g., at610) the first set or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For instance, in aspects for which the sensing node602or a network node (e.g., the base station906inFIG.9) activates a sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) instead of the sensing entity604, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit the utilized sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) for the sensing entity604as part of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) so that the sensing entity604is aware of the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8).

In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) of the measurement data/indication612may also include information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8).

In some aspects, transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612in the same transmission occasion includes transmitting in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal (e.g.,916on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), e.g., as configured via sensing configuration608. In some aspects, transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) in the first transmission occasion (e.g.,918inFIG.9) is performed on a first reference signal (e.g., on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), and transmitting the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) (the measurement data/indication612) in the second transmission occasion (e.g.,920inFIG.9) is performed on a second reference signal (e.g., on RS 2 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9).

At1112, it may be determined if a hypothesis activation is utilized. As an example, the determination may be performed, at least in part, by the component198. If so, flowchart1100may continue to1114; if not, flowchart1100may continue to1116.

At1114, the sensing node receives, from the sensing entity or from a network node, and subsequent to transmitting the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node902(e.g., a further aspect of the sensing node602inFIG.6) receiving a hypothesis activation from a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity904which may be a further aspect of the sensing entity604inFIG.6).

In aspects, as described above, hypothesis activations (e.g.,816inFIG.8;910inFIG.9) may be utilized in sensing operations to specifically activate one or more sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8). With reference to diagram900inFIG.9, a hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), which may be initiated by the sensing node902itself, by the sensing entity904for the sensing node902, and/or by the base station906(e.g., the network node) for the sensing node902. The hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be provided/transmitted, received, obtained, implemented, etc., subsequent to receiving a sensing configuration (e.g.,608inFIG.6), including before sensing sessions and/or during sensing sessions. The hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may indicate at least one sensing hypothesis from a total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) for performing sensing measurements (e.g., at610) in sensing operations.

In aspects, the sensing entity904may be a LMF, and the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node902. In some aspects, the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be received by the sensing node902, as transmitted/provided from the base station906(e.g., from a network node), via at least one of RRC signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or DCI. In cases where the sensing entity904may be a network entity, such as an LMF, communications between the sensing entity904and the sensing node902may be via proper signaling such as LTE positioning protocol (LPP), which may be a higher layer signaling. The base station906, e.g., a network node, may be configured to dynamically activate a subset of sensing hypotheses (e.g., of706,708inFIG.7; of806,808,812inFIG.8) via the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) based on specific conditions. As one example, the base station906may be aware of a beam switch in between sensing reference signal (e.g., for RS 1, RS 2 inFIG.9) transmissions, which may invalidate the phase coherence property of the sensing reference signals (e.g., for RS 1, RS 2 inFIG.9). Based on that knowledge, the base station906may be configured to activate a subset of sensing hypothesis (e.g., of706,708inFIG.7; of806,808,812inFIG.8), via the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), to be measured by the sensing node902and reported to the sensing entity904. As illustrated inFIG.8, the third sensing hypothesis812may be activated.

In some aspects, the sensing node902may be a SL UE, the sensing entity904may be a UE, and the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node902. The hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be received by the sensing node902, as transmitted/provided from the sensing entity904, via a sidelink channel by at least one of direct communication (PC5) RRC signaling, a PC5 MAC-CE, SL control information (SCI) stage 1, or SCI stage 2. As one example, a UE, acting as the sensing entity904, may be configured, via the sidelink channel, to configure a participating SL UE, acting as the sensing node902, with multiple sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) from which the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) triggers/selects at least one sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8). The SL UE may then perform the multi-hypothesis measurements (e.g., at610) utilizing the triggered/selected sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and report resulting sensing measurement data (e.g., sets thereof:612inFIG.6;914,916,918,920inFIG.9) and the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) back to the UE.

In some aspects, activation of hypothesis measurements via the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), and corresponding reporting, may be based on one or more events. That is, aspects herein provide for the sensing node902to trigger the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), as noted above. Once the configured event(s) is triggered, one or more sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) may be autonomously utilized by the sensing node902for performing sensing measurements, to generate sensing measurement data (e.g., at610) (e.g., sets thereof:612inFIG.6;914,916,918,920inFIG.9), which may be subsequently reported by the sensing node902to the sensing entity904. As one example of a triggering event, the sensing node902, e.g., a UE, may experience a mobility event and/or cell switching. In such cases, the sensing node902may move between a first area and a second area or switch from a first cell to a second cell. For instance, within the first area, the sensing node may perform sensing measurements based on a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and/or a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;812inFIG.8). Based on a mobility event experienced by the sensing node902(e.g., moving to the second area), the sensing node902may trigger the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) such that in the second area, the sensing node may perform sensing measurements based on a third sensing hypothesis and/or a fourth sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8).

At1116, it may be determined if an adjusted sensing configuration is utilized. As an example, the determination may be performed, at least in part, by the component198. If so, flowchart1100may continue to1118; if not, flowchart1100may continue to repeat operations thereof.

At1118, a sensing node receives, from a sensing entity, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602receiving an adjusted sensing configuration from a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

As described for aspects herein, and with reference toFIG.6and call flow diagram600, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy based on the measure (at610), which may be included with the transmitted sets of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9). Aspects herein provide that the sensing node602may be configured to receive, e.g., from the sensing entity604, an adjusted sensing configuration, which may be a further aspect of the sensing configuration608in call flow diagram600ofFIG.6. In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8), as similarly described above for the sensing configuration608, and the adjusted sensing configuration may indicate at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8). In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be provided to the sensing node602from the sensing entity604based on the information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy.

At1120, the sensing node602measures a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the measure may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602measuring sensing measurement data.

For example, based on the adjusted sensing configuration described herein, the sensing node602may thus be enabled/configured to measure (e.g., as similarly described for610) a third set of sensing measurement data and/or a fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9) associated with the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, and/or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8), as similarly described for the measure (at610) in call flow diagram600.

At1122, the sensing node transmits, for the sensing entity, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component198.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing node602transmitting sets of sensing measurement data (and/or an indication) for a sensing entity (e.g., the sensing entity604).

The sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9), as similarly described for transmitting the measurement data/indication612(e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9). In aspects, such a transmission may be based on the adjusted sensing configuration in1120. From1122, flowchart1100may continue to repeat operations thereof.

In some aspects, performing determinations at1112and/or1116may be optional, and that performing determinations at1112and/or1116may be reversed in order (e.g., performing the determination at1116prior to1112), or at least partially concurrently in some aspects.

FIG.12is a flowchart1200of a method of wireless communication, in various aspects. The method may be performed by a sensing entity, such as an LMF or a base station (e.g., the base station102; the LMF166; the sensing entity604,904; the network entity1502,1602)). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow inFIG.6and/or aspects described inFIGS.7-9. The method provides for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements that enable wireless devices, e.g., sensing nodes, and base stations/LMFs, e.g., sensing entities, to improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency through configuration and utilization of multiple sensing hypotheses.

At1202, a sensing node receives, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604receiving a capability indication of the sensing node from the sensing node (e.g., sensing node602).

The sensing node602may be configured to provide, for reception by the sensing entity604, a capability indication606of the sensing node602. The capability indication606of the sensing node602may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. For example, the capability indication606may indicate capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) per sensing occasion (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8), including: a number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like, in aspects. The capability indication606may be based on a solicited request, e.g., from the sensing entity604, or may be unsolicited/requested, e.g., provided/transmitted to the sensing entity604without a request. That is, the sensing node602may be configured to provide the capability indication606in response to a capability request or without/before a capability request. In aspects, the sensing entity604may be configured to request the sensing node602to indicate its capability to run multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. In such aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to indicate its support to run multiple hypothesis via the capability indication606. The capability indication606may also indicate how many hypotheses can be supported by the sensing node602and/or any related sensing capabilities, along with buffer/processing capabilities of the sensing node602.

At1204, the sensing entity transmits, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604transmitting/providing a sensing configuration for a sensing node (e.g., sensing node602).

The sensing entity604may be configured to provide/transmit to the sensing node602a sensing configuration608. The sensing configuration608may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and at least a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that is different from the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8). For example, the sensing entity604may be configured to transmit/provide, for the sensing node602, the sensing configuration608that indicates the number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), including the hypotheses themselves, for obtaining sensing measurement data for sensing operations (e.g., at610). In aspects, for the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), each sensing hypothesis configuration in the sensing configuration608may specify a set of sensing measurements to be performed (e.g., at610) by the sensing node602and the corresponding reference signals (e.g., as a set, as a set of different signals, etc.) (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) by which the set of sensing measurements (e.g., at610) are to be reported by the sensing node602. The sensing configuration608may indicate, from the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) that corresponds to a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and/or a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that corresponds to a full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) in the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8). The sensing configuration608may also indicate the sensing measurements (e.g., at610) as a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), in aspects, and the sensing configuration may further indicate at least one of a same transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916inFIG.9) for reporting/transmitting sets of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) or a first transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;918inFIG.9) for a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) and a second transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;920inFIG.9) for a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9). In aspects, the sensing configuration608may indicate a set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) respectively associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and transmission occasions (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) for reporting, as described herein, and one or more of the reference signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) may be different from other signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9). In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) may be associated with at least one corresponding reference signal (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement (e.g., from912inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608.

Based on the sensing configuration608, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8), as described herein.

For instance, the sensing node602may perform sensing operations for measurements (at610) according to the configured sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) in the sensing configuration608. The sets of sensing measurement data obtained via the sensing operations measured (at610) may include one or more of the indicated sensing measurements of a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler (e.g., from912inFIG.9) measurement(s), and/or the like, from sensing configuration608. In aspects, the measurement (at610) may include sensing measurements associated with one or more TRPs (e.g.,908inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608. In aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a third set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with a third sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) in a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and a fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with a fourth sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) in the full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8).

The measure (at610) of the sets of sensing measurements by the sensing node602, and the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), and/or an indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the third sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and/or the fourth sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) may also include in aspects, further information associated with a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, and/or a measurement efficacy for one or more of third set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and/or the fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9).

At1206, a sensing entity receives, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604receiving sets of sensing measurement data and/or an indication from a sensing node (e.g., the sensing node602).

The sensing entity604may be configured to receive, from the sensing node602, measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For example, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, and the sensing entity604may be configured to receive, as the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). The first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) may include a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), as indicated in sensing configuration608. The indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) may indicate at least one of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) or the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that was utilized for to measure (e.g., at610) the first set or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For instance, in aspects for which the sensing node602or a network node (e.g., the base station906inFIG.9) activates a sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) instead of the sensing entity604, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, and the sensing entity604may be configured to receive, the utilized sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) as part of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) so that the sensing entity604is aware of the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8).

In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) of the measurement data/indication612may also include information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8).

In some aspects, receiving, by the sensing entity604, the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612in the same transmission occasion includes receiving in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal (e.g.,916on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), e.g., as configured via sensing configuration608. In some aspects, receiving the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) in the first transmission occasion (e.g.,918inFIG.9) is performed on a first reference signal (e.g., on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), and receiving the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) (the measurement data/indication612) in the second transmission occasion (e.g.,920inFIG.9) is performed on a second reference signal (e.g., on RS 2 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9).

The sensing node602may be configured to transmit, and the sensing entity604may be configured to receive, information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy based on the measure (at610), described above. Aspects herein provide that the sensing node602may be configured to receive, e.g., as provided/transmitted by the sensing entity604, an adjusted sensing configuration, which may be a further aspect of the sensing configuration608in call flow diagram600ofFIG.6. The adjusted sensing configuration may be associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8), as similarly described above for the sensing configuration608, and the adjusted sensing configuration may indicate at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8). In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be provided to the sensing node602from the sensing entity604based on the information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy.

The sensing node602may thus be enabled/configured by the sensing entity604to measure (e.g., as similarly described for610) a third set of sensing measurement data and/or a fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9) associated with the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, and/or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8), as similarly described for the measure (at610) in call flow diagram600. The sensing node602may be configured to then transmit, and the sensing entity604may be configured to receive, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9), as similarly described for transmitting the measurement data/indication612(e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9).

FIG.13is a flowchart1300of a method of wireless communication, in various aspects. The method may be performed by a sensing entity, such as an LMF or a base station (e.g., the base station102; the LMF166; the sensing entity604,904; the network entity1502, _1302)). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow inFIGS.6,9and/or aspects described inFIGS.7,8. The method provides for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing for sensing measurements that enable wireless devices, e.g., sensing nodes, and base stations/LMFs, e.g., sensing entities, to improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency through configuration and utilization of multiple sensing hypotheses.

At1302, a sensing entity transmits a capability request of the sensing node prior to receiving a capability indication of the sensing node. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604transmitting/providing such a capability request for the sensing node (e.g., the sensing node602).

The sensing entity604may be configured to provide/transmit, and the sensing node602may be configured to receive, a capability request for a sensing capability(ies) of the sensing node602. In aspects, the sensing node602may receive the capability request associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting as transmitted/provided by the sensing entity604. The capability request may indicate that the sensing node602provide/transmit to sensing entity604at least one of capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) per sensing occasion (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8), including (without limitation): a number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like. In some aspects, the provision/reception of the capability request may be optional (e.g., the sensing node902may provide its sensing capabilities autonomously without or before receiving the capability request from the sensing entity904).

At1304, the sensing entity receives, from the sensing node, the capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604receiving such a capability indication of the sensing node (e.g., from/of the sensing node602).

The sensing node602may be configured to provide, and the sensing entity604may be configured to receive, a capability indication606of the sensing node602. The capability indication606of the sensing node602may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. For example, the capability indication606may indicate capabilities to operate under multiple hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) per sensing occasion (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8), including: a number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) supported by the sensing node602, a buffer capability of the sensing node602, a processing capability of the sensing node602, a related sensing capability of the sensing node602, and/or the like, in aspects. The capability indication606may be based on a solicited request, e.g., from the sensing entity604at1102, or may be unsolicited/requested, e.g., provided/transmitted to the sensing entity604without a request. That is, the sensing node602may be configured to provide the capability indication606in response to a capability request or without/before a capability request. In aspects, the sensing entity604may be configured to request the sensing node602to indicate its capability to run multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. In such aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to indicate its support to run multiple hypothesis via the capability indication606. The capability indication606may also indicate how many hypotheses can be supported by the sensing node602and/or any related sensing capabilities, along with buffer/processing capabilities of the sensing node602.

At1306, a sensing node transmits, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604transmitting/providing such a sensing configuration for a sensing node (e.g., the sensing node602).

The sensing entity604may be configured to transmit, for the sensing node602, a sensing configuration608. The sensing configuration608may be based on the capability indication606. The sensing configuration608may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and at least a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that is different from the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8). For example, the sensing entity604may be configured to transmit/provide, for the sensing node602, the sensing configuration608that indicates the number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), including the hypotheses themselves, for obtaining sensing measurement data for sensing operations (e.g., at610). In aspects, for the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), each sensing hypothesis configuration in the sensing configuration608may specify a set of sensing measurements to be performed (e.g., at610) by the sensing node602and the corresponding reference signals (e.g., as a set, as a set of different signals, etc.) (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) by which the set of sensing measurements (e.g., at610) are to be reported by the sensing node602. The sensing configuration608may indicate, from the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8), a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) that corresponds to a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and/or a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that corresponds to a full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) in the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8). The sensing configuration608may also indicate the sensing measurements (e.g., at610) as a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), in aspects, and the sensing configuration may further indicate at least one of a same transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916inFIG.9) for reporting/transmitting sets of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) or a first transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;918inFIG.9) for a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) and a second transmission occasion (e.g.,612inFIG.6;920inFIG.9) for a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9). In aspects, the sensing configuration608may indicate a set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) respectively associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and transmission occasions (e.g.,612inFIG.6;916,918,920inFIG.9) for reporting, as described herein, and one or more of the reference signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) may be different from other signals in the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9). In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) may be associated with at least one corresponding reference signal (e.g., RS 1/RS 2 for916,918,920inFIG.9) and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement (e.g., from912inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608.

At1308, the sensing entity receives, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6-9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604receiving such sensing measurement data/indication from a sensing node (e.g., sensing node602).

The sensing entity604may be configured to receive, from the sensing node602, measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For example, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity604and as the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). The first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) may include a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler measurement(s), and/or the like (e.g., from912inFIG.9), as indicated in sensing configuration608. The indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) may indicate at least one of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) or the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) that was utilized for to measure (e.g., at610) the first set or the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9). For instance, in aspects for which the sensing node602or a network node (e.g., the base station906inFIG.9) activates a sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) instead of the sensing entity604, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit the utilized sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) for the sensing entity604as part of the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) so that the sensing entity604is aware of the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8).

In aspects, at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) of the measurement data/indication612may also include information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8).

In some aspects, receiving the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) of the measurement data/indication612in the same transmission occasion includes receiving in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal (e.g.,916on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), e.g., as configured via sensing configuration608. In some aspects, receiving the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) in the first transmission occasion (e.g.,918inFIG.9) is performed on a first reference signal (e.g., on RS 1 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9), and receiving the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) (the measurement data/indication612) in the second transmission occasion (e.g.,920inFIG.9) is performed on a second reference signal (e.g., on RS 2 inFIG.9) of the set of corresponding reference signals (e.g., RS 1, RS 2, inFIG.9).

As described herein, with reference to the sets of sensing measurement data received by the sensing entity604at1308, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). For instance, the sensing node602may perform sensing operations for measurements (at610) according to the configured sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) in the sensing configuration608. The sets of sensing measurement data obtained via the sensing operations measured (at610) may include one or more of the indicated sensing measurements of a subset of a range(s), an angle(s), a Doppler (e.g., from912inFIG.9) measurement(s), and/or the like, from sensing configuration608. In aspects, the measurement (at610) may include sensing measurements associated with one or more TRPs (e.g.,908inFIG.9), based on the sensing configuration608. In aspects, the sensing node602may be configured to measure (at610) a first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) in a subset of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8) and a second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,612inFIG.6;914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) in the full set of the sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of the sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8). The measure (at610) of the first set and the second set of sensing measurements by the sensing node602, and the measurement data/indication612(e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9), the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9), and/or the indication (e.g.,914,916,918,920inFIG.9) of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8) (e.g., the measurement data/indication612) may also include in aspects, information associated with a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, and/or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,918inFIG.9) associated with the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second set of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9) associated with the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8). That is, while aspects herein provide for network-based solutions, multi-hypothesis measurements for sensing computations also applies to UE-based solutions. Thus, in aspects for a UE-based sensing session, a sensing node (e.g.,602inFIG.6;902inFIG.9) may configure a UE for multi-hypothesis measurements, and the UE may report to the sensing entity (e.g.,604inFIG.6;904inFIG.9) which sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808inFIG.8) generated better results. In aspects, the measure (at610) may be a part of a sensing session (e.g., as in700inFIG.7;800inFIG.8) that includes at least a full set of sensing occasions (e.g.,702inFIG.7;802inFIG.8) of a sensing resource set (e.g.,704inFIG.7;804,810inFIG.8).

At1310, it may be determined if a hypothesis activation is utilized. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component199. If so, flowchart1300may continue to1312; if not, flowchart1300may continue to1314.

At1312, the sensing entity transmits, for the sensing node and subsequent to transmitting the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. As an example, the transmission may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing entity904(e.g., a further aspect of the sensing entity604inFIG.6) transmitting/providing a hypothesis activation for a sensing node (e.g., the sensing node902which may be a further aspect of the sensing node602inFIG.6).

In aspects, as described above, hypothesis activations (e.g.,816inFIG.8;910inFIG.9) may be utilized in sensing operations to specifically activate one or more sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8). With reference to diagram900inFIG.9, a hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), which may be initiated by the sensing node902itself, by the sensing entity904for the sensing node902, and/or by the base station906(e.g., the network node) for the sensing node902. The hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be provided/transmitted, received, obtained, implemented, etc., subsequent to receiving a sensing configuration (e.g.,608inFIG.6), including before sensing sessions and/or during sensing sessions. The hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may indicate at least one sensing hypothesis from a total number of sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) for performing sensing measurements (e.g., at610) in sensing operations.

In aspects, the sensing entity904may be a LMF, and the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node902. In some aspects, the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be received by the sensing node902, as transmitted/provided from the base station906(e.g., from a network node), via at least one of RRC signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or DCI. In cases where the sensing entity904may be a network entity, such as an LMF, communications between the sensing entity904and the sensing node902may be via proper signaling such as LTE positioning protocol (LPP), which may be a higher layer signaling. The base station906, e.g., a network node, may be configured to dynamically activate a subset of sensing hypotheses (e.g., of706,708inFIG.7; of806,808,812inFIG.8) via the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) based on specific conditions. As one example, the base station906may be aware of a beam switch in between sensing reference signal (e.g., for RS 1, RS 2 inFIG.9) transmissions, which may invalidate the phase coherence property of the sensing reference signals (e.g., for RS 1, RS 2 inFIG.9). Based on that knowledge, the base station906may be configured to activate a subset of sensing hypothesis (e.g., of706,708inFIG.7; of806,808,812inFIG.8), via the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), to be measured by the sensing node902and reported to the sensing entity904. As illustrated inFIG.8, the third sensing hypothesis812may be activated.

In some aspects, the sensing node902may be a SL UE, the sensing entity904may be a UE, and the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node902. The hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) may be received by the sensing node902, as transmitted/provided from the sensing entity904, via a sidelink channel by at least one of direct communication (PC5) RRC signaling, a PC5 MAC-CE, SL control information (SCI) stage 1, or SCI stage 2. As one example, a UE, acting as the sensing entity904, may be configured, via the sidelink channel, to configure a participating SL UE, acting as the sensing node902, with multiple sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) from which the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) triggers/selects at least one sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8). The SL UE may then perform the multi-hypothesis measurements (e.g., at610) utilizing the triggered/selected sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) and report resulting sensing measurement data (e.g., sets thereof:612inFIG.6;914,916,918,920inFIG.9) and the utilized sensing hypothesis(es) (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) back to the UE.

In some aspects, activation of hypothesis measurements via the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), and corresponding reporting, may be based on one or more events. That is, aspects herein provide for the sensing node902to trigger the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8), as noted above. Once the configured event(s) is triggered, one or more sensing hypotheses (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8) may be autonomously utilized by the sensing node902for performing sensing measurements, to generate sensing measurement data (e.g., at610) (e.g., sets thereof:612inFIG.6;914,916,918,920inFIG.9), which may be subsequently reported by the sensing node902to the sensing entity904. As one example of a triggering event, the sensing node902, e.g., a UE, may experience a mobility event and/or cell switching. In such cases, the sensing node902may move between a first area and a second area or switch from a first cell to a second cell. For instance, within the first area, the sensing node may perform sensing measurements based on a first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and/or a second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;812inFIG.8). Based on a mobility event experienced by the sensing node902(e.g., moving to the second area), the sensing node902may trigger the hypothesis activation910(e.g.,816inFIG.8) such that in the second area, the sensing node may perform sensing measurements based on a third sensing hypothesis and/or a fourth sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706,708inFIG.7;806,808,812inFIG.8).

At1314, it may be determined if an adjusted sensing configuration is utilized. As an example, the determination may be performed, at least in part, by the component199. If so, flowchart1300may continue to1316; if not, flowchart1300may continue to repeat operations thereof.

At1316, the sensing entity transmits, for the sensing node, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the transmission/provision may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604receiving an adjusted sensing configuration from a sensing node (e.g., the sensing node602).

As described for aspects herein, and with reference toFIG.6and call flow diagram600, the sensing node602may be configured to transmit, and the sensing entity604may be configured to receive, information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy based on the measure (at610), which may be included with the transmitted/received sets of sensing measurement data (e.g.,914,916,920inFIG.9). Aspects herein provide that the sensing node602may be configured to receive, e.g., transmitted/provided from the sensing entity604, an adjusted sensing configuration, which may be a further aspect of the sensing configuration608in call flow diagram600ofFIG.6. In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis (e.g.,706inFIG.7;806inFIG.8) and the second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,708inFIG.7;808inFIG.8), as similarly described above for the sensing configuration608, and the adjusted sensing configuration may indicate at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8). In aspects, the adjusted sensing configuration may be provided to the sensing node602from the sensing entity604based on the information associated with the measurement characteristic, the outlier rejection, and/or the measurement efficacy.

At1318, the sensing entity receives, from the sensing node, a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. As an example, the reception may be performed, at least in part, by the component199.FIGS.6,7,8,9illustrate an example of the sensing entity604receiving sets of sensing measurement data (and/or an indication) from a sensing node (e.g., the sensing node602).

The sensing entity604may be configured to receive, from the sensing node602, the third set of sensing measurement data and/or the fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9), as similarly described for transmitting the measurement data/indication612(e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9). In aspects, such a reception may be based on the adjusted sensing configuration in1316. For example, based on the adjusted sensing configuration described herein, the sensing node602may thus be enabled/configured to measure (e.g., as similarly described for610) a third set of sensing measurement data and/or a fourth set of sensing measurement data (e.g., as similar to914,916,918,920inFIG.9) associated with the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, and/or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis (e.g.,810inFIG.8), as similarly described for the measure (at610) in call flow diagram600. From1318, flowchart1300may continue to repeat operations thereof.

In some aspects, performing determinations at1310and/or1314may be optional, and that performing determinations at1310and/or1314may be reversed in order (e.g., performing the determination at1314prior to1310or at least partially concurrently in some aspects.

FIG.14is a diagram1400illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus1404. The apparatus1404may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus1404may include a cellular baseband processor1424(also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers1422(e.g., cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor1424may include on-chip memory1424′. In some aspects, the apparatus1404may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards1420and an application processor1406coupled to a secure digital (SD) card1408and a screen1410. The application processor1406may include on-chip memory1406′. In some aspects, the apparatus1404may further include a Bluetooth module1412, a WLAN module1414, an SPS module1416(e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules1418(e.g., barometric pressure sensor/altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and/or accelerometer(s); light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and/or other technologies used for positioning), additional memory modules1426, a power supply1430, and/or a camera1432. The Bluetooth module1412, the WLAN module1414, and the SPS module1416may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module1412, the WLAN module1414, and the SPS module1416may include their own dedicated antennas and/or utilize the antennas1480for communication. The cellular baseband processor1424communicates through the transceiver(s)1422via one or more antennas1480with the UE104and/or with an RU associated with a network entity1402. The cellular baseband processor1424and the application processor1406may each include a computer-readable medium/memory1424′,1406′, respectively. The additional memory modules1426may also be considered a computer-readable medium/memory. Each computer-readable medium/memory1424′,1406′,1426may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor1424and the application processor1406are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium/memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor1424/application processor1406, causes the cellular baseband processor1424/application processor1406to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium/memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor1424/application processor1406when executing software. The cellular baseband processor1424/application processor1406may be a component of the UE350and may include the memory360and/or at least one of the TX processor368, the RX processor356, and the controller/processor359. In one configuration, the apparatus1404may be a processor chip (modem and/or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, and in another configuration, the apparatus1404may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE350ofFIG.3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus1404.

As discussed supra, the component198may be configured to receive, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The component198may also be configured to measure a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. The component198may also be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. The component198may be configured to receive, from the sensing entity, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. The component198may be configured to measure a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. The component198may be configured to transmit, for the sensing entity, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data. The component198may be configured to receive, from the sensing entity or from a network node and subsequent to the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. The component198may be configured to provide, to the sensing entity, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting including at least one of a number of sensing hypotheses supported by the sensing node, a buffer capability of the sensing node, a processing capability of the sensing node, or a related sensing capability of the sensing node. The component198may be configured to receive a capability request of the sensing node prior to transmission of the capability indication of the sensing node. The component198may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in any of FIGS.10-13, and/or any of the aspects performed by a sensing node for any ofFIGS.5-9. The component198may be within the cellular baseband processor1424, the application processor1406, or both the cellular baseband processor1424and the application processor1406. The component198may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, the apparatus1404may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for receiving, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. In the configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for measuring a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. In the configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for transmitting, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for receiving, from the sensing entity, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for measuring a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for transmitting, for the sensing entity, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for receiving, from the sensing entity or from a network node and subsequent to the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for providing, to the sensing entity, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting including at least one of a number of sensing hypotheses supported by the sensing node, a buffer capability of the sensing node, a processing capability of the sensing node, or a related sensing capability of the sensing node. In one configuration, the apparatus1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor1424and/or the application processor1406, may include means for receiving a capability request of the sensing node prior to transmitting the capability indication of the sensing node. The means may be the component198of the apparatus1404configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus1404may include the TX processor368, the RX processor356, and the controller/processor359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor368, the RX processor356, and/or the controller/processor359configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

FIG.15is a diagram1500illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity1502. The network entity1502may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity1502may include at least one of a CU1510, a DU1530, or an RU1540. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component199, the network entity1502may include the CU1510; both the CU1510and the DU1530; each of the CU1510, the DU1530, and the RU1540; the DU1530; both the DU1530and the RU1540; or the RU1540. The CU1510may include a CU processor1512. The CU processor1512may include on-chip memory1512′. In some aspects, the CU1510may further include additional memory modules1514and a communications interface1518. The CU1510communicates with the DU1530through a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU1530may include a DU processor1532. The DU processor1532may include on-chip memory1532′. In some aspects, the DU1530may further include additional memory modules1534and a communications interface1538. The DU1530communicates with the RU1540through a fronthaul link. The RU1540may include an RU processor1542. The RU processor1542may include on-chip memory1542′. In some aspects, the RU1540may further include additional memory modules1544, one or more transceivers1546, antennas1580, and a communications interface1548. The RU1540communicates with the UE104. The on-chip memory1512′,1532′,1542′ and the additional memory modules1514,1534,1544may each be considered a computer-readable medium/memory. Each computer-readable medium/memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors1512,1532,1542is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium/memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s) causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium/memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing software.

As discussed supra, the component199may be configured to receive, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. The component199may also be configured to transmit, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The component199may also be configured to receive, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. The component199may be configured to transmit, for the sensing node, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. The component199may be configured to receive, from the sensing node, a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. The component199may be configured to transmit, for the sensing node and subsequent to transmission of the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. The component199may be configured to transmit a capability request of the sensing node prior to reception of the capability indication of the sensing node. The component199may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in any ofFIGS.10-13, and/or any of the aspects performed by a sensing entity for any ofFIGS.5-9. The component199may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU1510, DU1530, and the RU1540. The component199may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity1502may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity1502may include means for receiving, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. In the configuration, the network entity1502may include means for transmitting, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. In the configuration, the network entity1502may include means for receiving, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the network entity1502may include means for transmitting, for the sensing node, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the network entity1502may include means for receiving, from the sensing node, a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the network entity1502may include means for transmitting, for the sensing node and subsequent to transmitting the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. In one configuration, the network entity1502may include means for transmitting a capability request of the sensing node prior to receiving the capability indication of the sensing node. The means may be the component199of the network entity1502configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the network entity1502may include the TX processor316, the RX processor370, and the controller/processor375. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor316, the RX processor370, and/or the controller/processor375configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

FIG.16is a diagram1600illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity1660. In one example, the network entity1660may be within the core network120. The network entity1660may include a network processor1612. The network processor1612may include on-chip memory1612′. In some aspects, the network entity1660may further include additional memory modules1614. The network entity1660communicates via the network interface1680directly (e.g., backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., through a RIC) with the CU1602. The on-chip memory1612′ and the additional memory modules1614may each be considered a computer-readable medium/memory. Each computer-readable medium/memory may be non-transitory. The processor1612is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium/memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s) causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium/memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing software.

As discussed supra, the component199may be configured to receive, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. The component199may also be configured to transmit, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The component199may also be configured to receive, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. The component199may be configured to transmit, for the sensing node, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. The component199may be configured to receive, from the sensing node, a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. The component199may be configured to transmit, for the sensing node and subsequent to transmission of the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. The component199may be configured to transmit a capability request of the sensing node prior to reception of the capability indication of the sensing node. The component199may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in any ofFIGS.10-13, and/or any of the aspects performed by a sensing entity for any ofFIGS.5-9. The component199may be within the processor1612. The component199may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity1660may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity1660may include means for receiving, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting. In the configuration, the network entity1660may include means for transmitting, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. In the configuration, the network entity1660may include means for receiving, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the network entity1660may include means for transmitting, for the sensing node, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the network entity1660may include means for receiving, from the sensing node, a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis. In one configuration, the network entity1660may include means for transmitting, for the sensing node and subsequent to transmitting the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement. In one configuration, the network entity1660may include means for transmitting a capability request of the sensing node prior to reception of the capability indication of the sensing node. The means may be the component199of the network entity1660configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

A wireless communication network and/or a wireless device may utilize specific sensing waveforms, e.g., radio detection and ranging (RADAR) waveforms, for communications and/or radio frequency (RF) sensing. For instance, a RF sensing operation against a sensing target may be performed by a wireless device, e.g., a sensing node, utilizing a sensing waveform, and sensing measurement results may be provided to a sensing entity via at least one reference signal (RS). In some scenarios, such as Doppler measurements and virtual multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) array processing, phase-coherent RSs may improve, or even enable, RF sensing operations. However, maintaining phase coherency for RS transmissions such as in a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a sounding reference signal (SRS) may be affected by hardware configurations/capabilities, beam switching operations, data servicing in cellular systems, and/or the like, which in turn may impact sensing operation performance. As an example, sensing environments with sensing targets that move at relatively low speeds (e.g., no more than 2-3 m/s) may utilize larger windows of time (e.g., 10-20 ms, 2 frames, etc.) for sensing operations to achieve a desired sensing performance. Yet, maintaining coherent transmission over larger windows of time for sensing operations may be difficult or unachievable, which may result in impacted sensing performance.

The described aspects for sensing operations, e.g., for multi-hypothesis measurement configuration in RF sensing, enable wireless devices, e.g., sensing nodes, and base stations/LMFs, e.g., sensing entities, to improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency. In one example, a sensing node may receive, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration. The sensing configuration may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The sensing node may measure a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis. The sensing node may also transmit, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis. In another example, a sensing entity may receive, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node. The capability indication of the sensing node may indicate a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis measurement and reporting. The sensing entity may transmit, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration. The sensing configuration may be based on the capability indication of the sensing node and may indicate a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis. The sensing entity may also receive, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

Particular aspects of the subject matter described improve and maintain sensing measurement performance and efficiency in various ways. For example, a sensing entity may track the most optimal operating scenarios for sensing operations to improve sensing operation performance and efficiency based on configurations for multi-hypothesis sensing measurements and reporting. Additionally, configurations may utilize multi-hypothesis sensing measurements and reporting to implement adapted sensing measurements for a sensing node, based on prior sensing prior sensing performance, events, conditions, and/or the like, such as implementing any number of range, angle, and/or Doppler sensing measurements for a sensing node with respect to a first TRP, while restricting the sensing node to a single type of sensing measurement for a second TRP. Further, utilizing multiple hypotheses for sensing measurements may provide flexibility to a sensing entity for selecting sensing measurements in performing its sensing computations.

Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communications at a sensing node, including: receiving, from a sensing entity, a sensing configuration, the sensing configuration indicating a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis; measuring a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis; and transmitting, for the sensing entity, at least one of: (1) the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, where the sensing node is at least one of a first user equipment (UE), a sidelink (SL) UE, a transmission-reception point (TRP), a roadside unit (RSU), or a positioning reference unit (PRU), and where the sensing entity is at least one of a second UE, a network node, a network entity, or a location management function (LMF).

Aspect 3 is the method of any of aspects 1 and 2, where the first sensing hypothesis corresponds to a subset of sensing occasions of a sensing resource set and the second sensing hypothesis corresponds to a full set of the sensing occasions of the sensing resource set; and where measuring the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis includes measuring the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis in the subset of the sensing occasions of the sensing resource set and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis in the full set of the sensing occasions of the sensing resource set.

Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 4, where transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data includes at least one of: transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data in a same transmission occasion; or transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data in a first transmission occasion and the second set of sensing measurement data in a second transmission occasion, where the first transmission occasion is different from the second transmission occasion.

Aspect 5 is the method of aspect 4, where the sensing configuration further indicates at least one of (i) a set of corresponding reference signals associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses or (ii) at least one of the same transmission occasion or the first transmission occasion and the second transmission occasion; and where transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data in the same transmission occasion includes transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals, or where transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data in the first transmission occasion and the second set of sensing measurement data in the second transmission occasion includes transmitting the first set of sensing measurement data in the first transmission occasion on the first reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals and the second set of sensing measurement data in the second transmission occasion on a second reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals, where the first reference signal is different from the second reference signal.

Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, where at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data or the second set of sensing measurement data is associated with at least one corresponding reference signal and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement.

Aspect 7 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 6, where at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data or the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis also includes information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 8 is the method of aspect 7, where the method further includes: receiving, from the sensing entity, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis; measuring a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis; and transmitting, for the sensing entity, the third set of sensing measurement data and the fourth set of sensing measurement data.

Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, where measuring the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis includes a sensing session that includes at least a full set of sensing occasions of a sensing resource set; and where the method further includes: receiving, from the sensing entity or from a network node and subsequent to receiving the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement.

Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 9, where receiving the hypothesis activation includes at least one of receiving the hypothesis activation prior to the sensing session or receiving the hypothesis activation during the sensing session and subsequent to a measurement over a prior instance of the sensing resource set.

Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, where the sensing entity is a location management function (LMF), where the hypothesis activation is associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node, and where receiving the hypothesis activation includes receiving the hypothesis activation from the network node via at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI).

Aspect 12 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, where the sensing node is a sidelink (SL) user equipment (UE), where the hypothesis activation is associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node, and where receiving the hypothesis activation includes receiving the hypothesis activation from the sensing entity via a sidelink channel by at least one of direct communication (PC5) radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a PC5 medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), SL control information (SCI) stage 1, or SCI stage 2.

Aspect 13 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, where measuring the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis includes dynamically measuring the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis based on an activation of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis by the sensing node, where the activation is associated with at least one of a mobility event of the sensing node or a cell switch of the sensing node.

Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 13, where the method further includes: providing, to the sensing entity, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting including at least one of a number of sensing hypotheses supported by the sensing node, a buffer capability of the sensing node, a processing capability of the sensing node, or a related sensing capability of the sensing node.

Aspect 15 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 14, where the method further includes: receiving a capability request of the sensing node prior to providing the capability indication of the sensing node; where providing the capability indication of the sensing node includes providing the capability indication of the sensing node in response to the capability request.

Aspect 16 is a method of wireless communications at a sensing entity, including: receiving, from a sensing node, a capability indication of the sensing node, where the capability indication of the sensing node indicates a capability of the sensing node associated with multiple hypothesis (multi-hypothesis) measurement and reporting; transmitting, for the sensing node, a sensing configuration, where the sensing configuration is based on the capability indication of the sensing node and indicates a total number of sensing hypotheses and at least a first sensing hypothesis and a second sensing hypothesis that is different from the first sensing hypothesis; and receiving, from the sensing node, at least one of: (1) a first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and a second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis, or (2) an indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 17 is the method of aspect 16, where the sensing node is at least one of a first user equipment (UE), a sidelink (SL) UE, a transmission-reception point (TRP), a roadside unit (RSU), or a positioning reference unit (PRU), and where the sensing entity is at least one of a second UE, a network node, a network entity, or a location management function (LMF).

Aspect 18 is the method of any of aspects 16 and 17, where the first set of sensing measurement data and the first sensing hypothesis correspond to a subset of sensing occasions of a sensing resource set, and the second set of sensing measurement data and the second sensing hypothesis correspond to a full set of the sensing occasions of the sensing resource set.

Aspect 19 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 18, where receiving the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data includes at least one of: receiving the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data in a same transmission occasion; or receiving the first set of sensing measurement data in a first transmission occasion and the second set of sensing measurement data in a second transmission occasion, where the first transmission occasion is different from the second transmission occasion.

Aspect 20 is the method of claim19, where the sensing configuration further indicates at least one of (i) a set of corresponding reference signals associated with each of the total number of sensing hypotheses or (ii) at least one of the same transmission occasion or the first transmission occasion and the second transmission occasion; and where receiving the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data in the same transmission occasion includes receiving the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data in the same transmission occasion on a first reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals, or where receiving the first set of sensing measurement data in the first transmission occasion and the second set of sensing measurement data in the second transmission occasion includes receiving the first set of sensing measurement data in the first transmission occasion on the first reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals and the second set of sensing measurement data in the second transmission occasion on a second reference signal of the set of corresponding reference signals, where the first reference signal is different from the second reference signal.

Aspect 21 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 20, where at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data or the second set of sensing measurement data is associated with at least one corresponding reference signal and at least one of a range, an angle, or a Doppler measurement.

Aspect 22 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 21, where at least one of the first set of sensing measurement data and the second set of sensing measurement data or the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis also includes information associated with at least one of a measurement characteristic, an outlier rejection, or a measurement efficacy for one or more of the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 23 is the method of aspect 22, the method further including: transmitting, for the sensing node, an adjusted sensing configuration associated with the indication of the first sensing hypothesis and the second sensing hypothesis, where the adjusted sensing configuration indicates at least one of an adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, an adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or an adjusted second sensing hypothesis; and receiving, from the sensing node, a third set of sensing measurement data and a fourth set of sensing measurement data associated with least one of the adjusted total number of sensing hypotheses, the adjusted first sensing hypothesis, or the adjusted second sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 24 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 23, where the first set of sensing measurement data associated with the first sensing hypothesis and the second set of sensing measurement data associated with the second sensing hypothesis correspond to a sensing session that includes at least a full set of sensing occasions of a sensing resource set; where the method further includes: transmitting, for the sensing node and subsequent to transmitting the sensing configuration, a hypothesis activation, where the hypothesis activation indicates at least one of the first sensing hypothesis or the second sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses for the measurement.

Aspect 25 is the method of aspect 24,where transmitting the hypothesis activation includes at least one of transmitting the hypothesis activation prior to the sensing session or transmitting the hypothesis activation during the sensing session and based on at least one of: (1) a prior first set of sensing measurement data associated with a prior first sensing hypothesis and a second prior set of sensing measurement data associated with a second sensing hypothesis, or (2) a prior indication of a first prior sensing hypothesis and a second prior sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 26 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 25, where the sensing node is a sidelink (SL) user equipment (UE), where the hypothesis activation is associated with a coherency condition of the sensing node, and where transmitting the hypothesis activation includes transmitting the hypothesis activation for the sensing node via a sidelink channel by at least one of direct communication (PC5) radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a PC5 medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), SL control information (SCI) stage 1, or SCI stage 2.

Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 26, where the sensing entity is a location management function (LMF), and where the sensing configuration indicates an activation for a third sensing hypothesis from the total number of sensing hypotheses instead of the first sensing hypothesis.

Aspect 28 is the method of any of aspects 16 to 27, the method further including: transmitting a capability request of the sensing node prior to receiving the capability indication of the sensing node; where receiving the capability indication of the sensing node includes receiving the capability indication of the sensing node in response to the capability request.

Aspect 29 is an apparatus for wireless communication including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 15.

Aspect 30 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 15.

Aspect 31 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus includes a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 15.

Aspect 32 is the apparatus of aspect 31, further including at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

Aspect 33 is an apparatus for wireless communication including means for implementing any of aspects 16 to 28.

Aspect 34 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to implement any of aspects 16 to 28.

Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus includes a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to implement any of aspects 16 to 28.

Aspect 36 is the apparatus of aspect 35, further including at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.