Production of artificial veneer

Method for production of artificial wood veneer, according to which sheets of natural wood, spot stained by burnings and/or coloring substances, are used to form a block of precomposed wood from which sheets of wood veneer are sliced presenting grains imitating briar veneers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to artificial wood veneering, and more particularly 
it concerns a method for producing artificial briar veneers. The invention 
is also directed a briar veneer produced by means of the claimed method. 
Various methods are known for the production of artificial wood veneer 
whereby sheets of natural wood, obtained by rotary cutting from a log, are 
dyed or coloured, superimposed and glued together by compressing them in a 
mould to form a block of sheets in a press provided with moulds having 
surfaces of a suitable configuration for shaping the sheets of the block 
according to a predefined pattern. By dyeing and colouring the sheets of 
wood uniformly and suitably shaping the opposite surfaces of the moulds 
with a plurality of protrusions and raised parts which are intentionally 
variable and irregular, a block of sheets can be obtained from which 
individual sheets of briar veneer are subsequently cut. 
In the known methods, the repeatability of the effect and of the pattern of 
the briar is strongly influenced by the various phases of the process, 
more particularly by colouring and dyeing phases of the sheets of natural 
wood which do not always guarantee perfect repeatability give that the 
degree of absorption of the colour may vary according to the type of wood 
and from one log to another. Therefore, even if the colouring and dyeing 
phases are adequately controlled, it is not always possible to guarantee 
perfect reproducibility of the pattern and of the briar effect which is to 
be produced. 
An object of this invention is to provide a method for the production of 
sheets of artificial veneer, as an imitation of any type of briar, by 
means of which production can be controlled perfectly and constantly, thus 
guaranteeing repeatability and good reproduction of the patterns and of 
the briar effect in the product obtained in this way. 
A further object of this invention is to provide a method for the 
production of briar veneer, as previously related, which, in addition to 
complete control of the production process, leads to a considerable 
improvement in the briar effect and confers greater naturalness. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
According to this invention a method is therefore provided for the 
production of artificial briar veneer, whereby sheets of natural wood 
obtained by rotary cutting a log and suitably dyed in a base colour in a 
dye-bath are glued in a press to form a block from which sheets of the 
final imitation-briar veneer are cut, in which at least part of the sheets 
of natural wood, before being glued, undergo a phase of spot staining on 
at least one face and in predefined areas of the surface of the sheet; 
spot staining may occur for example by surface burning, so as to cause 
localised blackening without damaging the fibre structure of the wood. In 
this way, when the block of wood is subsequently cut, veneer sheets are 
obtained in which the briar pattern is strongly brought out by the 
appearance on the surface of the partially burnt portions of the sheets of 
natural wood which make up the same block. Spot staining may also occur in 
another way for example by dyeing or spraying colouring agents.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
With reference to FIG. 1 we shall describe in general terms the method 
according to the invention for obtaining artificial briar-imitation 
veneer. 
Reference 10 in FIG. 1 denotes a log of wood which in a known manner is 
rotary cut to obtain a continuous strip of wood 11 which is cut by a blade 
12 to form sheets 13 of natural wood having predetermined thickness and 
dimensions. 
The individual sheets 13 of natural wood, after cutting, are dyed or 
coloured for example by immersion in a dye-bath 14 for a predetermined 
time so that the colour can penetrate the entire thickness of the sheet or 
part of it. 
After dyeing the sheets 13 are suitably dried in a continuous drying oven 
15 and then subjected in 16 to a phase of surface spot staining by burning 
the same in localised and predetermined areas, on at least one face of the 
sheets themselves. 
The surface burning of the sheets can be achieved by any suitable means, 
for example by means of a plurality of controlled flames 17, placing 
between the latter and the sheet 13 a protective stencil 17 or plate 
having holes or openings suitable for allowing the formation of a number 
of surface burns on the sheet 13 in the required shapes and positions and 
with the desired intensity or depth of burning. 
The intensity or the depth of the burns on the sheet 13, in the individual 
areas, may be varied by controlling for example the time of contact with 
the flames 17, and in any case must be such so as not to cause damage nor 
cut into the fibre structure of the wood excessively. 
After the phase of surface spot burning the sheets 13, these are spread on 
one or both sides with a glue or adhesive material, in a glueing station 
18, until a block of sheets 19 is formed, of predetermined thickness, 
which is placed in a press 20 having moulds 21 and 22 with protrusions and 
raised parts suitable for deforming and shaping the sheets of the block 19 
as required. 
After compression, the block of wood 19 is then removed from the press 20 
and transferred to a cutting station 23 where the cutting phase of the 
sheets is performed along a desired cutting plane. The cut sheets are 
dried for example in a continuous drying oven 24 to produce the final 
briar veneer sheets 25. 
As stated previously, the spot burnt surface of the sheets 13 must take 
place in a controlled and repeatable manner, not only as regards shape, 
dimensions and position of the individual burnt areas 13a on the same side 
of the sheet, but also as regards the intensity and depth of each 
individual burn and in general of the spot stained areas. In fact, given 
that individual sheets of natural wood 13 may also have a relatively small 
thickness, for example a few thenths of a millimeter, or greater 
thicknesses, steps must be taken so that each individual surface burn does 
not penetrate deeply into the thickness of the sheet and does not appear 
on the opposite face. From tests carried out it has been observed that the 
depth of each burn must preferably be equal to or smaller than 50% of the 
thickness of the sheet itself. This can be achieved by controlling both 
the intensity and the distance of the flames 17 from the sheet 13, or more 
generally the temperature of the burning means and the time they are in 
contact with the sheets of wood. Since the effects which can be achieved 
on the briar pattern in the final product depend upon the intensity of the 
surface burning or spot staining of the sheets, each time appropriate 
burning or staining tests and a check of the characteristics of the wood 
used must be performed. 
FIG. 4 shows by way of an example a form of briar pattern which can be 
obtained by means of the method according to the invention. The parts most 
blakened in FIG. 4 represent the grains of the briar in correspondence of 
which burnt or spot stained areas 13a appear on the surface of the 
individual sheets 13 which make up the block 19. 
As related previously, and as shown in FIG. 3, steps must be taken so that 
the depth of the burn or stained spot in corrispondence of the individual 
areas 13a is small and less than half the thickness of the sheet, so as 
not to cause irreparable damage to the fibre structure; moreover the briar 
grain effect on the final veneer sheet 25 will depend on the depth of each 
burnt area 13a, as well as on its position and shape. Therefore it is 
preferable to produce burns 13a on a single face of each individual sheet. 
Nevertheless in certain cases burns can be made on both the faces of the 
sheet 13; in this case the burnt areas 13a on one face must be spaced 
apart and must not be superimposed on the burnt areas 13a on the other 
face of the same sheet. 
FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows a further way in which burns are 
produced on one face of a sheet of natural wood 13. The sheet 13, arranged 
on a suitable supporting surface 26 is burnt in the areas 13a keeping it 
in contact with an electrically heated plate, for example comprising a 
metallic plate 27 having its face provided with burning elements 28 in the 
form of aluminium blocks, fixed for example in a removable manner, 
incorporating a resistor 29. The individual burning elements 28, whose 
shape and size are to vary as a function of the shapes and arrangement of 
the burnt areas 13a to be obtained on the sheets 13, are placed in contact 
with and pressed against the sheet 13 maintaining contact for a required 
length of time sufficient to cause the desired burn impressions. By 
suitably adjusting the temperature of the heating elements 28, for example 
by regulating the intensity of the current circulating in the heating 
resistors 29, it is possible to vary and adequately control the intensity 
and depth of the burns in the individual areas 13a of the sheets 13. 
As part of the method according to this invention variants can be made in 
the formation of the block 19 and consequently in obtaining the briar 
pattern in the final sheet 25. For example, the block 19 can be formed by 
superimposing dyed sheets of natural wood and provided with burnt areas 
13a. as described previously, causing the burns on one sheet to correspond 
or superimpose exactly with the same burns of the other sheets. It will 
also be possible to place burnt sheets between unburnt sheets of natural 
wood, or alternate sheets with burns of one type with sheets having burns 
of another type as regards shape, arrangement and intensity of the 
individual burnt areas on one or both faces, according to the final result 
required. 
As mentioned previously, in place of the spot staining achieved by burning, 
colouring could be performed by spraying or applying a colouring substance 
in some other way, for example by sponging or by means of a specially 
provided roller, making sure that it penetrates only partially into the 
thickness of the wood, in determined areas on one or both surfaces of the 
sheet. 
In every case the innovation consists in the use of sheets of natural wood 
in which their state and their base, natural or dyed colour has been 
changed or altered by burning, or spot staining, at least one face in the 
desired shape and arrangement. In this way it is possible to achieve 
perfect and constant control of the production process which guarantees 
repeatability of results and an improved, more attractive walnut effect of 
the veneer which confers greater natural effect to the product.