Air pulse generating element and manufacturing method thereof

An air pulse generating element is disclosed. The air pulse generating element includes a front faceplate; a back faceplate; a front supporting element; a back supporting element; a folded membrane, configured to form a front chamber and a back chamber, and comprising a plurality of membrane units; wherein the plurality of membrane units are parallel and sequentially connected and an end of the folded membrane is connected to the back faceplate via the back supporting element and another end of the folded membrane is connected to the front faceplate via the front supporting element; and a plurality of valves controlling a plurality of air flow channels between the front chamber toward either a front space or a back space; wherein the plurality of membrane units are configured to perform horizontal deformation to squeeze air in and out of the front or back chamber with operations of the plurality of valves.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an air pulse generating element and manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to an air pulse generating element and manufacturing method capable of producing high fidelity sound.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Speaker driver is always the most difficult challenge for high-fidelity sound reproduction in the speaker industry. The physics of sound wave propagation teaches that, within the human audible frequency range, the sound pressures generated by accelerating a membrane of a conventional speaker driver may be expressed as P∝S·A (eq-1), where S is the membrane surface area and A is the acceleration of the membrane. Namely, the sound pressure P is proportional to the product of the membrane surface area S and the acceleration of the membrane A. In addition, the membrane displacement D may be expressed as D∝½·A·T2∝1/f2 (eq-2), where T and f are the period and the frequency of the sound wave respectively. The air volume movement VA,CVcaused by the conventional speaker driver may then be expressed as VA,CV∝S·D. For a specific speaker driver, where the membrane surface area is constant, the air movement VA,CVis proportional to 1/f2, i.e., VA,CV∝1/f2(eq-3).

In order to produce enough sound pressure P of the speaker driver, either the acceleration of the membrane A or the membrane displacement D of the speaker driver should be increased. However, the membrane displacement D of the conventional speaker driver is restricted to a peak displacement of the membrane, which confines the sound pressure P of the conventional speaker driver.

Therefore, how to provide an air pulse generating element to overcome the design challenges faced by conventional speakers as stated above is an important objective in the field.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore a primary objective of the present invention to provide air pulse generating element and manufacturing method capable of producing high fidelity sound and enough sound pressure.

An embodiment of the present invention discloses an air pulse generating element, comprising a front faceplate; a back faceplate; a front supporting element, connected to the front faceplate; a back supporting element, connected to the back faceplate; a folded membrane, configured to form a front chamber and a back chamber, and comprising a plurality of membrane units; wherein the plurality of membrane units are parallel and sequentially connected and an end of the folded membrane is connected to the back faceplate via the back supporting element and another end of the folded membrane is connected to the front faceplate via the front supporting element; and a plurality of valves controlling a plurality of air flow channels between the front chamber toward either a front space or aback space, and between the back chamber toward either the front space or the back space; wherein the plurality of membrane units are configured to perform horizontal deformation to squeeze air in and out of the front or back chamber with operations of the plurality of valves controlling the direction of the air pulse toward the front space or the back space.

In an embodiment, a plurality of actuators, each formed on a side of a membrane unit of the plurality of membrane units.

In an embodiment, the plurality of actuators are mounted on a plurality of membrane units, such that the plurality of membrane units flexibly perform the horizontal deformation.

In an embodiment, the first front valve is controlled by a first front valve-controlling signal to control an airflow through the back faceplate; the first back valve, controlled by a first back valve-controlling signal to control the airflow through the back faceplate; the second front valve, controlled by a second front valve-controlling signal to control the airflow through the front faceplate; and the second back valve, controlled by a second back valve-controlling signal to control the airflow through the back faceplate.

In an embodiment, the first front valve-controlling signal equals the second back valve-controlling signal, and the first back valve-controlling signal equals the second front valve-controlling signal.

In an embodiment, the plurality of actuators are electrostatic actuators with a plurality of electrodes, such that the plurality of membrane units perform the horizontal deformation when a plurality of driving charges are applied on the plurality of electrodes.

In an embodiment, when the plurality of actuators are piezoelectric actuators with a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of membrane units perform the horizontal deformation when a plurality of driving charges are applied on the plurality of electrodes.

In an embodiment, when the folded membrane is incorporated with electromagnetic actuator and a current flows along the folded membrane, the plurality of membrane units perform the horizontal deformation.

In an embodiment, the air pulse generating element receives an input audio signal, and an amplitude and a polarity of each air pulse generated by the air pulse generating element are related to a amplitude and a polarity of a time-sample of the input audio signal.

In an embodiment, a driving voltage is applied to each of a plurality of actuators of the air pulse generating element, such that the air pulse generating element generates a plurality of air pulses in response to the driving voltage; a plurality of air pulses are at a pulse rate, and the pulse rate of the plurality of air pulses is higher than a maximum audible frequency.

In an embodiment, the pulse rate of the plurality of air pulses is at least twice higher than a maximum frequency of an input audio signal to be reproduced.

In an embodiment, the pulse rate of the plurality of air pulses is at least twice higher than a maximum audible frequency.

In an embodiment, a direction of an air mass velocity within a pulse cycle is in a front-to-back direction or a back-to-front direction regardless an initial position of the folded membrane, and a plurality of valve-controlling signals are generated to the plurality of valves to perform an open-and-close movement.

In an embodiment, the horizontal deformation performed by the plurality of membrane units and the open-and-close movement performed by the plurality of valves are mutually synchronized.

Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a manufacturing method for a folded membrane of an air pulse generating element, comprising depositing a substrate; performing a reactive-ion etching (RIE) or a deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) on the substrate with a folded pattern; depositing a first dielectric layer on the substrate; depositing a conductive layer on the first dielectric layer; depositing a second dielectric layer on the conductive layer; and etching the substrate to form a folded membrane.

Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a manufacturing method for a folded membrane of an air pulse generating element, comprising forming a plurality of trenches on a patterned substrate; performing an isotropic etching to undercut a bottom of the plurality of trenches and forming a plurality of connection units; coating the plurality of trenches with a polymer film; and removing the patterned substrate to form a folded membrane.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Please refer toFIG. 1A, which is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of an air pulse generating element10according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air pulse generating element10may be a MEMS (micro-electrical-mechanical-system) device, which includes a front faceplate102, a back faceplate104, a front supporting element106, a back supporting element108, a folded membrane110, a first wall112_1, a second wall112_2, a first front valve VFF, a first back valve VFB, a second front valve VSF and a second back valve VSB. The folded membrane110is a thin membrane made of single crystal Silicon, poly-silicon, Mylar, dry film, Benzocyclobutene (BCB), Parylene(Poly-p-xylene) for non-conductive type polymer; Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Poly-3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANI), Polythiophenes (PTs), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and Poly(acetylene) (PAC) for conductive type polymer. The folded membrane110is configured to form a front chamber and a back chamber with the front faceplate102and the back faceplate104, and consisted of a plurality of membrane units MU. The membrane units MU are parallel and sequentially connected. In addition, an end of the folded membrane110is connected to the back faceplate104via the back supporting element108and another end of the folded membrane110is connected to the front faceplate102via the front supporting element106. The first wall112_1is disposed along a first plane P_1corresponding to a side of the front supporting element106with a first channel C_1, the first front valve VFF and the first back valve VFB are connected to the front or back space at the first wall112_1and extended from the first wall112_1toward the front supporting element106. On the opposite side of the front supporting element106, the second wall112_2is disposed along a second plane P_2corresponding to a side of the back supporting element108with a second channel C_2, and the second front valve VSF and the second back valve VSB are connected to the front or back space at the second wall112_2and extended from the second wall112_2toward the back supporting element108.

In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 1A, the membrane units MU are mounted on a plurality of fixing elements FX, such that the membrane units MU may flexibly perform the horizontal deformation. More specifically, the fixing elements FX fix the folded membrane110at both ends of each of the membrane units MU, such that each the membrane units MU may perform the horizontal deformation driven by actuators122deposited on the membrane units MU. The horizontal deformation of membrane units MU increase or decrease the pressure at front or back chamber, respectively. The pressure change causes air movement of squeeze out or suck from these chambers into front or back space through the open and close movement of valves. Specifically, the top surface of the membrane units MU of the folded membrane110is connected to front chamber. If it is configured to perform a horizontal deformation to reduce the volume of the front chamber, air movement will flow toward the front space if the second front valve VSF is opened and the second back valve VSB is closed or toward the back space if the second front valve VSF is closed and the second back valve VSB is opened. At the moment, the horizontal deformation of the folded membrane110increases the volume of the back chamber, and cause sucking in air from the front space if the first front valve VFF is opened and the first back valve VFB is closed, or from the back space if the first front valve VFF is closed and the first back valve VFB is opened. The horizontal deformation of the folded membrane110is designed to increase or decrease the volume of front or back chamber and is controlled by a membrane-controlling signal which is connected to the actuators122of the folded membrane110, such that air in the front chamber and back chamber of the air pulse generating element10is squeezed in and out to produce a sound pressure level.

In addition, the first front valve VFF is controlled by a first front valve-controlling signal to control an airflow through the front faceplate102, the first back valve VFB is controlled by a first back valve-controlling signal to control the airflow through the back faceplate104, the second front valve VSF is controlled by a second front valve-controlling signal to control the airflow through the front faceplate102, and the second back valve VSB is controlled by a second back valve-controlling signal to control the airflow through the back faceplate104.

Regarding operations of the valves VFF, VFB, VSF and VSB, the first front valve-controlling signal might be equal to the second back valve-controlling signal, and the first back valve-controlling signal might be equals to the second front valve-controlling signal. In other words, the first front and second back valve-controlling signals respectively control the first front valve VFF and the second back valve VSB to open or close at the same time for some embodiments, and the first back and second front valve-controlling signals respectively control the first back valve VFF and the second front valve VSB to open or close at the same time for some embodiments. In this way, the valves VFF, VFB, VSF and VSB are controlled to open and close to enable the horizontal deformation of the membrane units MU, squeeze the air into the front chamber or back chamber of the air pulse generating element10and produce the sound pressure level. Therefore, the horizontal deformation performed by the membrane units MU and the open-and-close movement performed by the valves are mutually synchronized.

The air pulse generating element10further comprises a plurality of actuators122on each of the membrane units MU. As can be seen inFIG. 1B, the actuators122are respectively formed on or attached to both sides of the membrane units MU. In an embodiment, when the actuators122are electrostatic actuator with flat electrodes and electrically conducted, the membrane units MU may perform the horizontal deformation with a plurality of driving charges applied on the electrodes. For example, the electrodes may be attached or formed on an underlying flexible film by printing or depositing stripes of conductive patterns on a Mylar film. In an embodiment, the electrodes may be respectively connected to a power amplifier, which provides voltages V+, V− and bias signals S+, S−, wherein the voltages V+, V− may be bias voltages for the power amplifier and the bias signals S+, S− may be differential output signals of the power amplifier.

Please refer toFIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the actuator122according to an embodiment of the piezoelectric actuators. The actuator122may comprise a piezoelectric layer122_csandwiched between two electrodes122_aand122_b. The bias signals S+ or S− may be applied on the electrode122_aand the electrode122_b. The piezoelectric layer122_cmay, but not limited to, be made of PZT (lead zirconate titanate) or AlScN (scandium doped aluminum nitride). The electrodes122_ais made of platinum (Pt) for some embodiments, deposited onto a side facing the membrane unit MU and served as the bias electrode, and the electrodes122_cis made of gold (Au) for some embodiments, deposited onto a side facing the air and served as the driving electrode.

In an embodiment, please refer toFIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of the actuators112with piezoelectric films and electrodes formed on the vertical sidewall of folded membrane110according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment, the membrane units MU may bend to two directions so as to perform the horizontal deformation. More specifically, when all bias electrodes (i.e. electrode122_aof each of the membrane units MU) are connected to Vbias, a connection order for the driving electrodes corresponding to the membrane units MU respectively inFIG. 3is [S−, S+], [S+, S−], [S−, S+], [S+, S−] . . . . Dot lines and cross lines inFIG. 3illustrate positions of the membrane units MU when the dual polarity driving signals S+ and S− reach the peak and valley of the driving signal, which correspond to a peak displacement of the membrane units MU. Therefore, with the displacement of the membrane units MU, the air will be moved in and out of the front chamber and the back chamber, and thus produce sound pressure level and sound wave. Notably, the connection order for the driving electrodes corresponding to the membrane units MU respectively inFIG. 3may also be [S+, S−], [S−, S+], [S+, S−], [S−, S+] . . . .

In another embodiment, please refer toFIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the actuators122with the piezoelectric electrodes formed on the folded membrane110according to another embodiment of the present invention. InFIG. 4, the actuators122are respectively formed on or attached to one side of the membrane units MU. In this way, the membrane units MU may bend to one direction so as to perform the horizontal deformation. More specifically, when all bias electrodes (i.e. electrode122_aof each of the membrane units MU) are connected to Vbias, a connection order for the driving electrodes corresponding to the membrane units MU respectively inFIG. 4is S+, S−, S+, S− . . . . Dot lines and cross lines inFIG. 4illustrate positions of the membrane units MU when the dual polarity driving signals S+ and S− reach the peak and valley of the driving signal, which correspond to the peak displacement of the membrane units MU. Therefore, with the displacement of the membrane units MU, the air in the chamber will be moved in and out of the air pulse generating element10, and thus produce sound pressure level and sound wave.

In an embodiment, please refer toFIGS. 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B, the 1-layer and the 2-layer piezoelectric actuators122are placed on the horizontal surfaces of the folded membrane.FIGS. 5A and 5Brespectively illustrate air-out phase and air-in phase when the 1-layer piezoelectric actuators122are formed on the folded membrane110. More specifically, the actuators122are formed on a top surface of the folded membrane110. Therefore, when the driving signals S+, S− are applied on the actuators122, the actuators122expand horizontally due to piezoelectric effect and deform the folded membrane110and squeeze out or suck the air.

FIGS. 6A and 6Brespectively illustrate the air-out phase and the air-in phase when the 2-layer piezoelectric actuators122are formed on the folded membrane110. More specifically, the 2-layer piezoelectric actuators are deposited on both top and bottom sides of the folded membrane110to create a more symmetric and larger horizontal deformation compared withFIGS. 5A and 5B. Therefore, when the driving signals S+, S− are applied on the actuators122, the actuators122deform the folded membrane110and squeeze out or suck the air. Notably, the piezoelectric material may be implemented by PZT, ZnO, AlN or AIScN. In another embodiment, other types of the actuators122, such as, electro-thermal type, may be incorporated thereto.

The air pulse generating element10may generate a series of air pulses at a pulse rate, as shown inFIGS. 7-10, where the pulse rate is significantly higher than the maximum human audible frequency. The pulse rate may be an ultrasonic rate, e.g., 64 KHz, significantly higher than twice of the maximum human audible frequency, which is generally considered to be 20K Hz. This pulse rate is determined based on Nyquist law, which states, in order to avoid frequency spectral aliasing, the pulse rate needs to be at least twice higher than the maximum frequency of the input audio signal. The series/plurality of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating element10may be referred as an ultrasonic pulse array (UPA). In an embodiment, the pulse rate may be an ultrasonic rate, e.g., 64 KHz, significantly higher than twice of the maximum human audible frequency, which is generally considered to be 20K Hz. This pulse rate is determined based on Nyquist law, which states, in order to avoid frequency spectral aliasing, the pulse rate needs to be at least twice higher than the maximum frequency of the input audio signal. The series/plurality of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating element10may be referred as an ultrasonic pulse array (UPA).

In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 11, multiple air pulse generating elements10are grouped into air pulse generating groups labeled as P0, P1, P2, and F1-F5as a sound producing device BO. The air pulse generating group P2includes 9 air pulse generating elements10, the air pulse generating group P1includes 3 air pulse generating elements10, and the air pulse generating groups P0and F1-F5includes 1 air pulse generating element10, respectively. Details of the sound producing device BO may be referred to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/125,761, which is not narrated herein for brevity.

In addition, please refer toFIG. 7, the air-flow speed, i.e., the air mass velocity, with respect to time produced by the air pulse generating groups P0, P1and P2over 12 consecutive air pulse cycles are shown. The amplitudes of SPL corresponding to the three air pulse generating groups P0, P1and P2, denoted as SPLP0, SPLP1and SPLP2, have a ratio relationship of SPLP0:SPLP1:SPLP2=1:3:9 in between. The “0” state representing “Speed=0” is omitted for brevity. Each air pulse generating group may arbitrarily generate a positive pulse (corresponding to the “+1” state), a negative pulse (corresponding to the “−1” state), or a null pulse (corresponding to the “0” state) within a certain pulse cycle PC, regardless of the polarity of previous air pulse. AsFIG. 7shows, the air pulse generating group P2starts with 3 null pulses, and finishes with 9 consecutives positive pulses; the air pulse generating group P1starts with 3 positive pulses, followed by 3 negative pulses and 3 null pulses, and finishes with 3 positive pulses; and the air pulse generating group P0repeatedly generates a negative pulse, a null pulse and a positive pulse, in4iterations. Therefore, the resulting aggregated SPLs generated by the air pulse generating elements10, including the air pulse generating groups P0, P1and P2, over the consecutive 12 cycles has a ratio of 2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9:10:11:12:13, as shown in scalar form inFIG. 7. In this regard, the UPA, i.e., the series/plurality of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating elements10may be amplitude modulated. Note that, the SPL is a first-order derivative of air mass velocity with respect to time.

Similarly, the air pulse generating groups F1-F5may be designed such that the amplitude of SPL generated by the air pulse generating group Fy (or the air pulse generating element within the air pulse generating group Fy) is ⅓yof the SPLP0, where y may be 1, . . . , 5. The fractional air pulse generating elements (i.e., the air pulse generating elements of the air pulse generating groups F1-F5) may be accomplished either by shrinking the geometry of the full cell (i.e., the air pulse generating element of the air pulse generating group P0), or by reducing the piezoelectric to membrane coverage ratio.

Refer toFIG. 8, a pulse array or a series/plurality of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating elements10according to a sinusoidal sound wave is illustrated. A plurality of air pulses, shown in solid line, is generated over a plurality of fixed cycles814. An amplitude and a polarity of each pulse are related to an amplitude and a polarity of a sample of the sinusoidal sound wave. In other words, the plurality of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating elements10is regarded as being amplitude-modulated (AM) according to the sinusoidal sound wave. Similarly, the plurality of air pulses generated by the air pulse generating elements10may be amplitude-modulated according to an input audio signal, which means that an amplitude and a polarity of each pulse are related to an amplitude and a polarity of a time-sample of the input audio signal, wherein the time-sample of the input audio signal represents an instantaneous value of the input audio signal sampled at a sampling time instant.

According to different applications or concepts, the air pulse generating element10may be implemented by all kinds of methods. Please refer toFIG. 12, which is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of an air pulse generating element1200according to another embodiment of the present invention with electromagnetic actuators. Different with the air pulse generating element10, a folded membrane1210of the air pulse generating element1200is incorporated with electromagnetic actuators1222, and the else elements with the same function share the same notion withFIG. 1. InFIG. 12, when a driving current flows along the folded membrane1210, under an influence of external magnetic field, the membrane units MU is configured to perform the horizontal deformation corresponding to a driving force of the Lorentz effect generated by an interaction of the magnetic field and the driving current flow. The horizontal deformation of folded membrane1210causes the air in the chamber to be moved in and out of the front chamber and the back chamber, and thus, the air pulse generating element1200produce sound pressure level and sound wave.

In addition, in another example, the folded membrane110is not limited to the structure illustrated inFIG. 1. Please refer toFIG. 13, which is a cross-sectional view of an air pulse generating element1300according to another embodiment of the present invention. In order to increase a membrane area, the folded membrane1310may be disposed horizontally, and likewise deform vertically in one or two directions, to produce sound pressure level and sound wave.

Further, please refer toFIG. 14, which is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process1400for manufacturing the folded membrane110of air pulse generating element10according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition,FIG. 15is a structural diagram corresponding to the manufacturing process1400shown inFIG. 14. The manufacturing process1400includes the following steps:

Step1406: Perform a reactive-ion etching (RIE) or a deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) on the substrate with a folded pattern.

Step1410: Deposit a first dielectric layer on the substrate.

Step1412: Deposit a conductive layer on the first dielectric layer.

Step1414: Deposit a second dielectric layer on the conductive layer.

Step1416: Etch the substrate to form a folded membrane.

According to the manufacturing process1400, a metallic membrane is manufactured by a thin conductive layer and isolated by two dielectric layers. First, in step1404, which corresponds toFIG. 15(a), the substrate is deposited, which may be a silicon substrate. In step1406, which corresponds toFIG. 15(b), the RIE or the DRIE etching is performed on the folded substrate. In step1408, the sacrificial layer is deposited. In step1410, which corresponds toFIG. 15(c), the first dielectric is deposited. In step1412, which corresponds toFIG. 15(d), the conductive layer may be deposited by means of LPCVD for poly-silicon or sputter for a metal film. In step1414, which corresponds toFIG. 15(e), the second dielectric layer is deposited to accomplish the folded membrane without electrical isolation. In addition, step1408is optional to the manufacturing process1400. When the sacrificial layer is deposited before the depositing the first dielectric layer on the substrate, in step1416, which corresponds toFIG. 15(f), the membrane110is released from the silicon substrate by etching the sacrificial layer after depositing the second dielectric layer on the conductive layer. Notably, the pair of the conductive and the dielectric material of the folded membrane may be Poly-Si and SiO2, Poly-Si and SiN or Metals and polymer, which are within the scope of the present invention.

Aforementioned process inFIG. 14can be used to fabricate the electrostatic or electromagnetic actuator on folded membrane inFIG. 8. In another embodiment, please refer toFIG. 16, which is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process1600for manufacturing the folded membrane with piezoelectric actuators of air pulse generating element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The manufacturing process1600includes the following steps:

Step1606: Frontside deep RIE etch forms silicon trench pattern with PZT protection.

Step1610: Backside deep RIE etch define trench pattern of the folded membrane.

In addition,FIG. 17is a structural diagram corresponding to the manufacturing process1600shown inFIG. 16.FIG. 17(a)-17(d)respectively corresponds to Step1604to Step1610. Notably, the piezoelectric actuators are deposited and patterned on etching silicon to fabricate piezoelectric actuator on folded membrane110inFIGS. 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B.

Please refer toFIG. 18, which is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process1800for manufacturing the folded membrane110of the air pulse generating element10according to another embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 19is a structural diagram corresponding to the manufacturing process1800shown inFIG. 18. The manufacturing process1800includes the following steps:

Step1804: Form a plurality of trenches on a patterned substrate.

Step1806: Perform an isotropic etching to undercut a bottom of the plurality of trenches and form a plurality of connection units.

Step1808: Coat the plurality of trenches with a polymer film.

Step1810: Remove the patterned substrate to form a folded membrane.

According to the manufacturing process1800, a polymer-based folded membrane is manufactured. In step1804, which corresponds toFIG. 19(a), the trenches are formed on the silicon substrate by the DRIE method or the RIE method. In step1806, which corresponds toFIG. 19(b), the isotropic etching is performed to undercut the bottom of the trenches to form the connection units. In step1808, which corresponds toFIG. 19(c), every two of the connection units are connected to each other when coating the trenches with the polymer film. In step1810, which corresponds toFIG. 19(d), the polymer membrane is released by removing the silicon substrate. Notably, the polymer-based membrane has lower stiffness and results in larger displacement with identical driving force compared with the metallic-based membrane. In addition, other materials of the polymer-based membrane may be implemented such as dry film, Benzocyclobutene (BCB), Parylene(Poly-p-xylene) for non-conductive type; Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Poly-3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANI), Polythiophenes (PTs), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and Poly(acetylene) (PAC) for conductive type. There are several polymer coating methods including spin coating, spray coating, film laminating, and polymer filling. As shown inFIG. 20, the polymer filling has polymer reservoir, which is connected to trenches formed by the process of DRIE and isotropic etching to undercut the bottom of the trenches. After the injection of polymer liquid into the polymer reservoir, lower pressure is created and the polymer flows into the trenches to form a folded membrane with high aspect ratio.

Therefore, the present invention provides an air pulse generating element and manufacturing method, and more particularly, which is capable of increasing the membrane area, producing high fidelity sound and enough sound pressure.