Wall panel assembly

Various improvements of a modular wall assembly of the type having panels with channels formed along the side edges of the panels, are described. The improvements include corner connection means for providing a structurally improved corner connection between two panels, a window frame assembly useful with the panels and yet preserving the modular nature of the modular wall assembly and improved ceiling cap members and floor channel members for facilitating the assembly and disassembly of the wall assembly.

This invention relates to panel assemblies and more particularly to panel 
assemblies of the modular type. 
Modular acoustical panel assemblies are well known for providing sound 
absorbing and attenuating walls and ceilings which are easy to construct 
and build with minimum effort and skill. One commercially available 
acoustical panel assembly, which is described and claimed in my U.S. Pat. 
No. 3608260, includes a plurality of substantially flat panels, which are 
aligned with one another in a substantially coplanar relationship. The two 
side confronting edges of any two adjacent aligned panels are each 
provided with a "tongue" or "joiner" which extends parallel to and is 
spaced from the main body of the panel so as to form a space therebetween. 
The space is open along one side of the panel and the panels are 
alternately oriented so that the tongue of each panel extends into the 
space provided between the tongue and main body of the adjacent panel to 
provide an interlocking joint. Gaskets are provided in the 
tongue-receiving spaces of each panel to insure a tight fitting joint when 
the two panels are joined together. It has been found that this assembly 
does not provide relatively good acoustical insulation; nor is the 
assembly as structurally as sound as may be desired. Another problem with 
my prior design is that various modifications must be made to the assembly 
in order to run water lines, electrical cable and the like, along and 
through the wall formed by the assembly. Further if one side of each wall 
panel is perforated or otherwise made differently from its other side, on 
assembly every other panel will be reversed unless two types of panels are 
made (which would reduce or eliminate certain advantages of the modular 
nature of the assembly). The resulting wall construction may not only be 
aesthetically displeasing but also the reversal of the panels may affect 
the acoustical insulating or absorbing properties of the paneled wall. 
In my copending application, U.S. Ser. No. 643,698, I describe a modular 
wall assembly which overcomes certain limitations of my prior acoustical 
panel assembly described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,608,260. The 
modular wall assembly of the copending application comprises at least two 
panel modules which are capable of being aligned and oriented with respect 
to one another so that the two side edges of the respective panels are in 
confronting and spaced relationship. Each panel includes a substantially 
flat body and at least one tongue. The tongue extends along a side edge of 
the panel substantially parallel to and spaced from the body so as to form 
a channel therebetween, the channel being open along one side of the 
panel. The panel assembly also inculdes connector means for connecting the 
panels together in an acoustically tight fashion. In order to connect the 
panels together in a coplanar relation, the connector means includes two, 
preferably U-shaped, connector members which are utilized to join together 
to two confronting side edges of two adjacent panels. Each connector 
member comprises two parallel side plates and a web or strap connected to 
and supporting the side plates. Each side plate of one connector member 
extends within a corresponding one of the channels of each panel where it 
makes a tight fit with the adjacent tongue and flat body. The other 
connector member is fitted between the two panels so its side plates 
extend in between and make a tight fit with the adjacent tongues of the 
two adjoining panels. Where two adjacent panels are to be connected so as 
to form a corner, the connector means comprises an L-shaped connector 
member, with each of its two side flanges extending within the channels of 
one of the adjacent panels and making a tight fit with the adjacent tongue 
and flat body of that panel. Means are also provided for reinforcing the 
upper and lower longitudinal edges of the panels, for securing the 
assembly to the floor and for mounting the ceiling panels to the panel 
wall assembly thus formed. 
Objects of the present invention are to provide an improved modular 
assembly having the advantages of the assembly described in my copending 
application; to make the assembly and disassembly of such a wall assembly 
relatively easier; to improve the structural strength and integrity of the 
wall assembly, particularly at the corners formed by intersecting walls; 
and to provide a window frame assembly for use with such wall assemblies 
for supporting glazing units while preserving the modular nature and 
advantages of the wall assembly. 
These and other objects are achieved by an improved corner connection 
means, one form of which includes one of the L-shaped connector members 
and two of the preferably U-shaped connector members of the type described 
in my copending application. The connector members can be interconnected 
together as well as with the tongues and bodies of at least two panels of 
the type described in my copending application to provide an improved 
corner structure. In another form of the invention the corner connection 
means comprises a corner connection member including a body having two 
mutually coverging side edges and a flange at each of said side edges of 
the corner member extending substantially parallel to and spaced from the 
body so as to form a channel at each side edge. Each of the two channels 
of the corner connection member are used with two of the U-shaped 
connector members to provide a corner connection to two panels forming a 
wall. Other objects of the present invention are achieved by an improved 
cap member for reinforcing the top horizontal edge of the wall panels and 
for supporting ceiling panels therefrom; by an improved floor channel 
member for receiving the bottom horizontal edge of the wall panels; and by 
a window frame assembly which can be used with the modular panels, while 
preserving the modular nature and advantages of the wall assembly.

In the drawings like numerals refer to like parts. Also, for convenience of 
illustration, the thickness of the panels is exaggerated in the drawings. 
In practice, for example, the panels may measure 4 feet wide, 8 feet high, 
and 2 inches thick. 
The illustrated assembly comprises at least two sound absorbing panels 10 
each including a pair of flat plates 12A and 12B mounted in a parallel and 
spaced relationship with respect to each other so as to form a 
substantially flat body. 
While both of the plates may be perforated (so as to render it transparent 
to sound) or solid, in the preferred embodiment plate 12A is perforated 
and plate 12B is not perforated. 
Both the top and bottom longitudinal edges of the two plates of each panel 
are secured together by stiffeners 14A and 14B. Each stiffener has a pair 
of side flanges 16 which are secured to the inside surfaces of plates 12A 
and 12B and end flanges 18 which extend transversely to and are spaced 
from the side flanges so as to provide a relief at each corner of the 
stiffener. Each plate 12A is provided with right angled side extensions 20 
which are secured to the end flanges 18 of stiffeners 14A and 14B and 
serve as the side edges of the panel so as to enclose the space between 
plates 12A and 12B. The space is filled with a suitable sound absorbing 
material 22 such as glass fibers or a plastic foam. The other plate 12B is 
preferably formed with right angle side extensions 24, hereinafter 
referred to as "tongues 24". Each tongue extends along the entire side 
edge of the panel and is spaced from the side extensions 20 so as to form 
a channel 26 therebetween (see FIG. 2) which is open along the perforated 
plate side of the panel. 
As described in my copending application Ser. No. 643,698, in order to 
connect two panels 10 together in a substantially coplanar relationship, 
connecting means in the form of a double channel connector is employed. 
Specifically, each double channel connector includes inner and outer 
U-shaped channel members 28 and 34, respectively. Channel member 28 has 
two parallel spaced side plates 30 and a strap or web portion 32 connected 
to and supporting the side plates a a right angle thereto. Channel members 
28 preferably extend the full height of the panels. The two panels to be 
connected are spaced from one another so that the side plates 30 of the 
channel member 28 extend into corresponding ones of the channels 26 at the 
confronting side edges of the two panels. Each side plate 30 makes a snug, 
preferably tight, fit with the tongue 24 and extension 20 of a panel and 
when the side plates 30 are properly positioned in the channels, the web 
portion 32 of member 28 is preferably flush with the outer surfaces of the 
plates 12A of the two panels. The outer channel 34 coacts with the inner 
channel member 28 so as to make a substantially rigid joint between the 
two panels and also to provide greater structural support for the panels. 
The outer channel member 34 has parallel spaced-apart side plates 36 and a 
strap or web portion 38 connected to and supporting the side plates at a 
right angle thereto. The outer channel member also preferably extends for 
the full height of the panels. The outer channel member 34 makes a snug, 
preferably tight, fit between the two panels when the panels are coupled 
together by the inner channel member 28 as described and shown. 
Specifically, the side plates 36 of each channel member 34 extend between 
and make a snug, preferably tight, fit with the exterior surfaces of the 
tongues 24 of the two adjacent panels. The side plates 36 are dimensioned 
so that when the outer channel member 34 is properly in position between 
the panels, the web portion 38 is substantially flush with the plates 12B 
of the two adjacent panels, as shown in FIG. 1. 
The double channel connector formed by the inner and outer channel members 
28 and 34 not only provides a rigid vertical post in a coplanar 
relationship, but also forms a hollow column which can easily function as 
a raceway for electrical cables, piping and the like. Thus, for example, 
the web portion 32 of member 28 can be provided with an electrical 
receptable such as shown at 39. 
In order to connect two of the panels 10 transversely to one another, so as 
to provide, for example, a corner formed by two intersecting walls, one 
embodiment of the improved corner connection means of the present 
invention includes an L-shaped or angle iron connector 40 (shown best in 
FIGS. 1 and 2) employed with a double channel connector formed by the 
inner and outer channel members 28 and 34. The connector 40 extends 
preferably for the full height of the panels and its two sides or flanges 
42 are connected together at an angle of substantially 90.degree.. 
The two panels (indicated as 10A and 10B in FIG. 2) to be connected 
together are positioned at a right angle to one another and aligned and 
spaced so that the tongue 24 of panel 10A is coplanar with plate 12B of 
panel 10B and the tongue of panel 10B is spaced from panel 10A just enough 
to accommodate angle iron connector 40 and channel members 28A and 34A. 
The panels are connected together by disposing connector 40 so that one of 
its flanges 42 extends into the channel 26 of the confronting side edge of 
panel 10A and makes a snug fit with the adjacent tongue 24 and side 
extension 20. The other flange 42 of the connector 40 is spaced from and 
extends substantially parallel to the plate 12A of the panel 10A so as to 
form a second channel which accommodates one side plate 30A of channel 
member 28A. Side plate 30A makes a snug, preferably tight, fit with the 
adjacent flange 42 and plate 12A. The other side plate 30B of channel 
member 28A extends into the channel 26 of panel 10B and makes a snug, 
preferably tight, fit with the tongue 24 and side extension 20 of that 
panel. When the side plates of channel member 28A are properly positioned 
in the channels, the web portion 32 of member 28A is preferably flush with 
the outer surface of plate 12A of panel 10B. The outer channel member 34A 
coacts with the inner channel members 28A as previously described, so as 
to make a neat and vertically rigid corner joint between the two panels 
10A and 10B and also provides an improved acoustical barrier at the 
corners. The side plates 36 of the channel member 34A extend between and 
make a snug, preferably tight, fit with the side flanges 42 of connector 
40 on the one hand and the tongue 24 of panel 10B on the other hand. When 
member 34A is properly in position between the connector 40 and panel 10B, 
the web portion 38 is substantially flush with the tongue 24 of the panel 
10A and plate 12B of panel 10B. 
The double channel connector formed by inner and outer channel members 28A 
and 34A not only provide a load-bearing vertical corner post or column, 
but in addition the column is hollow and thus can function as a raceway 
for electrical cables, piping and the like. 
Referring to FIG. 3, an alternative embodiment of the improved corner 
connection means is shown in the form of corner connector member 44 which 
preferably extends for the full height of panels 10 and comprises a pair 
of plates 46A and 46B which are formed and connected together so as to 
provide a hollow column-like structure of L-shaped cross-section 
characterized by a pair of outside walls 47A and 47B, a pair of right 
angle inside walls 48A and 48B, and a pair of mutually-converging end 
walls 49A and 49B, plus tongues 50A and 50B formed as extensions of the 
outside walls 47A and 47B and extending parallel to but spaced from the 
end walls 49A and 49B so as to form cross channels 52A and 52B. 
End walls 49A and 49B are preferably formed at right angles to inside walls 
48A and 48B, respectively, as well as to one another so that the two 
intersecting walls connected to corner connector member 44 form a right 
angled corner. It will be appreciated, however, that where it is desirable 
to make a corner which is other than 90.degree., the mutually converging 
angle defined by end walls 49A and 49B, equals the supplementary angle of 
the angle of the corner. Thus, for example, where a corner of 110.degree. 
is desired, the mutually converging angles of intersection of the end 
walls 49A and 49B equals 70.degree.. 
In order to connect two panels 10 together to form a corner, the panels 10 
are oriented at a right angle to one another and are spaced from member 44 
so that a side plate 30 of a channel member 28 extends into channel 52A of 
member 44 while the other side plate 30 of each channel member 28 extends 
into the channel 26 at the confronting side edge of the corresponding 
adjacent panel. Each side plate 30 makes a snug, preferably tight, fit 
with one of the corresponding tongues 24 and 50, on the one hand, and the 
respective side extensions 20 and 48 on the other hand. An inner channel 
member 28 is inserted in place by extending the side plates 36 within and 
making a snug, preferably tight, fit with the tongues 50A and 24 of the 
respective connecting member 44 and panel 10. 
Referring to FIGS. 4 - 7, a window frame assembly 54 is shown for enclosing 
the edges of and retaining at least one glazing panel 56 in a wall 
assembly of the type previously described, while preserving the modular 
nature and advantages of the wall assembly. The window frame assembly can 
be substituted for an entire panel 10 or can be used with a base and/or 
header panels 58 and 60, respectively, depending upon the size of the 
glazing panel desired. Base and header panels 58 and 60 are made 
identically to panels 10 except that their heights are shorter. The 
combined height of panels 58 and 60 together with the heights contributed 
by assembly 54 and panel 56 substantially equal the height of a panel 10. 
The panels 58 and 60 are connected to the adjacent panels 10 with inner 
and outer channel members 28 and 34 in the same manner as two panels 10 
are connected together as previously described. 
Generally, the window frame assembly 54 comprises a plurality of elongated 
channel members 62, each of which includes channel means having two 
parallel spaced-apart side plates and a web connected to and supporting 
the side plates, and at least two spaced-apart ribs cooperating with and 
extending from the members 62 for engaging opposite sides of and retaining 
an edge of the glazing panel 56. 
In one embodiment of the window frame assembly, shown in detail in FIGS. 5 
and 6, each channel member 62 of the assembly 54A includes two brackets 63 
each comprising a pair of offset and parallel side flanges 64 and 66 
connected by an integral strap 68. Each strap 68 includes one and 
preferably a plurality of spaced holes so that two brackets can be 
attached in opposed relationship to opposite edges of a mounting plate 72 
by any suitable means such as screws 70. The opposite ends of each bracket 
63 are mitered so that the assembled channel members closely interfit with 
one another to provide an aesthetically pleasing, as well as structurally 
strong, frame assembly. When the two brackets 63 are assembled to plate 
72, the flanges 66 are spaced from one another so as to engage opposite 
sides of and retain an edge of the flazing panel 56, while plate 72 and 
the straps 68 of the two brackets form the web of the elongated channel 
member. The width of the web formed is such that the base panel 58 is 
received between the flanges 64 of the lower horizontal channel member 62, 
as shown in FIG. 5. Similarly, although not shown in detail, the header 
panel 60 is received in an identical manner between the flanges 64 of the 
upper horizontal channel member 62. Finally, as shown in FIG. 6, the inner 
and outer channel members 28 and 34 (which join the base and header panels 
58 and 60 to the adjacent panels 10) are received between the flanges 64 
of the vertical channel members 62 in a snug, preferably tight, fitting 
relation. The flanges 64 are preferably dimensioned so as to extend half 
way between the side plates 30 of the inner channel member 28 so that when 
each of two adjacent panels is provided with a window frame assembly 54, 
the flanges 64 of the adjacent side channel members of the two window 
frame assemblies extend across the channel members 28 and 34 so as to 
leave little or no gap therebetween. 
The brackets and mounting plate of the window frame assembly are preferably 
made of metal, such as aluminum which can be made by extrusion, or other 
methods known in the art. Alternatively, however, the brackets and plate 
can also be made of a molded or extruded plastic such as polymetharcrylate 
or similar material. 
The window frame assembly 54 and glazing unit 56 can be mounted with the 
base and header panels in any one of various ways. Preferably, base panel 
58 is first connected to the two adjacent panels 10, with the inner and 
outer channel members 28 and 34 on each side of the base panel extending 
substantially to the height of the adjacent panels 10. Next, the four 
brackets 63 of each assembly are each connected to one edge of a 
corresponding mounting plate 72 with screws 70. One assembled bracket and 
plate is positioned along the top horizontal edge of base panel 58; two 
others along the sides against the corner formed by the side plate 30 and 
web portion 32 of inner channel member 28, while the top assembled bracket 
and plate is positioned between the upper ends of the two side brackets. 
The glazing panel 56 is positioned in the frame against the side flanges 
of each of the bottom, side and top brackets. The other brackets are then 
secured with screws 70 to the opposite edges of each of the mounting 
plates so as to secure the glazing panel in place. The header panel 60 can 
then be positioned in place extending the tongues 24 of the panel into the 
channel provided by the space between the side plates 30 and 24 of the 
inner and outer channel members, and moving the bottom longitudinal edge 
of the header panel between the side flanges 64 of the upper channel 
member 62 of the window frame assembly. When assembled it will be 
appreciated that the stiffeners 14 of the upper horizontal edge of base 
panel 58 and the lower horizontal edge of header panel 60 provide an air 
space so that the screws 70 can extend therein without actual attachment 
thereto. 
Referring to FIG. 7 an alternative channel member arrangement for the 
window frame assembly is shown. The assembly is similar to the window 
assembly previously described except that each channel member 62 is an 
extrusion 63A of complex shape and includes side flanges 64A and 64B 
integrally formed at opposite sides of and at right angles to a strap 76. 
Each flange 64A and 64B is preferably provided with a rib 78 spaced from 
the strap 76 and extending inwardly so that when the channel member is 
positioned on the upper horizontal edge of the base panel 58, or the lower 
horizontal edge of the header panel 60, an air space is provided to 
accommodate the screws 70. In such a case the stiffener members 14 along 
the upper and lower horizontal edges of the base and header panels, 
respectively, can be inverted as shown in FIG. 7 and attached to the 
plates 12A and 12B of the panels. Each extrusion also has a third flange 
66A at one edge of strap 76. When the window frame assembly is assembled, 
on one side of glazing panel 56 each edge of that panel abuts a flange 66A 
of a channel member. When the glazing panel is in position it is held 
against flanges 66A by four retaining strips 80, each of which is secured 
to a strap 76 by suitable means such as the screws 70 or the like. 
The window frame assembly of FIG. 7 has the advantage that where double 
glazing is desired, a second glazing panel 56A, can further be added by 
positioning it so that one side abuts the strip 80 along each edge of the 
panel. The addditional glazing panel is held in place be a second strip 
80A which is secured to the web 76 by suitable means such as the screws 
70A. 
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 8, an improved floor channel member 90 is used to 
reinforce the lower longitudinal edges of the panels, secure the joined 
panels to the floor, and also restrain connector members 28 and 34 against 
separating movement. Floor channel member 90 includes an L-shaped bracket 
92 having a strap portion 94 which is secured directly to the floor (by 
nails, rivets or other suitable means) and a right angled side portion 96 
which extends upwardly from strap portion 94. Side portion 96 is connected 
to one plate 12 of each panel by any suitable means such as the screws 98 
or the like. A plate 100, preferably the length of bracket 92 is attached 
to the opposite plate 12 of each panel by similar means such as screws 98. 
The bracket 92 and plate 100 define a U-shaped channel therebetween. The 
width of the channel is such that the lower longitudinal ends of the 
plates 12A and 12B make a close, preferably tight, fit with the side 
portion 96 and plate 100 while resting on the web portion 94. It will be 
appreciated that since the web portions 32 and 38 of the respective 
channel members 28 and 34 are flush with the plates 12A and 12B, 
respectively, the lower end of each connecting channel member 28 and 34 
will make a close or tight fit with the side portion 96 and plate 100 of 
the floor channel member so as to be locked in place. The lower 
longitudinal edges of the panels are thus not only secured to the floor by 
channel member 90 but are also structurally reinforced by the latter 
against any lateral forces applied transversely to the panels. Further, 
the separate attachment of bracket 92 and plate 100 makes it easier to 
assemble and disassemble the panels. For example, if a panel needs to be 
replaced, the plate 100 can be removed and the panel replaced without the 
necessity of removing or destroying the bracket 92. 
Improved ceiling or roof cap members 104 also are provided in order to lock 
together the upper ends of the members 28 and 34 of the double channel 
connector and also to structurally reinforce the upper margins of each of 
the panels 10. Each cap member 104 includes an L-shaped release bracket 
106 having a side section 108 connected to a top section 110 at a right 
angle, and a holding bracket 112 having a side section 114 connected along 
one edge to a strap section 116. The latter is positioned below and 
connected to the top section 110 of the release bracket by any suitable 
means such as screws 118, so that the side sections 108 and 114 together 
with the strap section 116 form a U-shaped channel with right angle 
corners. The width of the channel is such that the upper edges of the 
plates 12A and 12B and channel connectors 28 and 34 fit tightly between 
the side sections 108 and 114 and are engaged by strap section 116. 
Preferably, the lower edge of the side section 114 of the cap member is 
provided with a right angle lip 120 to support a sound absorbing ceiling 
panel 122. The lip 120 extends away from the panel assembly into the room 
or space defined by the panel assemblies. Preferably, lip 120 is spaced 
from the strap section 116 so that when a sound absorbing ceiling panel 
122 is supported by it, the upper surface of panel 122 will be disposed 
flush with the upper edges of the vertical panels. 
The ceiling panels 122 are preferably identical in structure to the panels 
10 and a number of them can be assembled and connected by double channel 
connectors consisting of channel members like members 28 and 34 to form a 
continuous ceiling. The ceiling panels and their double channel connectors 
are supported at the periphery of the ceiling by the lips 120 of cap 
members 104 and extend substantially parallel to the floor at right angles 
to the panels 10. The ceiling panels 122 are disposed so that their 
perforated sides face down into the room. As shown in FIG. 1, when it is 
desirable to utilize the double channel connectors of the ceiling as 
raceways to accommodate, for example, an electrical cable 124, an aperture 
126 is provided in the upper end of the web portion 32 of member 28 and 
side section 114 of cap 104, whereby the cable 124 can extend up the 
raceway provided by the vertical wall double channel connector and through 
aperture 126 into the ceiling double channel connector. 
The assembly thus described provides a modular wall and ceiling assembly 
which has relatively improved acoustical insulation and structural 
properties (as the double channel connectors provide an acoustically and 
structurally tight joint), can easily accommodate water and heating pipes, 
electrical cable and the like through the raceways provided by the inner 
and outer panel connectors 28 and 34, and utilizes identical panels for 
both wall and ceiling structures. Further, by dimensioning each of the 
panels 10 to that of the size of standard door frames and doors, a door 
frame and door can easily be substituted for one of the panels, thus 
making it easy to adapt the assembly to present construction demands. 
Also, the plates 12A and 12B, the stiffeners 14A and 14B, (and also 
connector channel members 28 and 34) may be made of metal and connected 
together by spot welding or rivets. Alternatively, they may be made of 
plastic materials and locked together by a cement, suitable fasteners or 
ultrasonic welding. 
In addition, a glazing panel 56 can easily be removed and replaced without 
the need to remove or replace an entire wall panel. Similarly when 
replacing a wall panel, the entire ceiling and wall need no be 
disassembled. A particular wall panel can be released for removal by 
removing the plate 100 and the release brackes 104 which hold its top and 
bottom ends in place. The panel can then be easily removed and another one 
inserted. 
Obviously, certain changes may be made in the above apparatus without 
departing from the scope of the invention herein involved. Thus, for 
example, the tongues 24 need not extend the full length of the panels 10 
but instead each may be slotted so as to form two or more smaller tongues 
spaced along the edge of the panel. Similarly, the side section 96 and 
plate 100 of the floor channel members need not be continuous but may be 
slotted or sectioned so that only portions of the panels 10 and the 
channel connectors 28 and 34 are engaged thereby. Also, if no ceiling is 
required, the cap members 104 may be replaced by channel members like 
floor channel member 90. The side plates 100 and release brackets 106 
maybe made shorter or longer than the panels 10, so that the number of 
those members which must be removed to replace an individual wall panel 
will depend on the lengths of those members. Still other changes will be 
obvious to persons skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that all 
matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying 
drawing shall be interpreted in an illustrative and not in a limiting 
sense. It is to be understood that as used in the appended claims the term 
"wall assembly" denotes either a wall or ceiling or floor.