Dual pivoting wiper system for inkjet printheads

A dual pivoting wiper system cleans the nozzle face plate of an inkjet printhead, particularly one that dispenses a pigment based ink. An inkjet printing mechanism has a printhead service station including a sled that moves from a rest position to a wiping position. The wiping system includes a support arm with proximate and distal ends, with the proximate end pivoted to the sled and the distal end pivotally supporting an upright wiper blade. The arm is spring-biased to push the wiper blade into engagement with the printhead. During wiping, the printhead is engaged by wiper blade and the blade remains relatively upright. Any spacing variations between the printhead and the sled are accommodated by spring flexure, and any lack of parallelism of the printhead from a nominal plane is primarily accommodated by pivoting of the blade at the distal end of the support arm.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates generally to inkjet printing mechanisms, and 
more particularly to a dual pivoting wiper system that cleans the nozzle 
face plate of an inkjet printhead that dispenses a pigment based ink. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Inkjet printing mechanisms use pens which shoot drops of liquid colorant, 
referred to generally herein as "ink," onto a page. Each pen has a 
printhead formed with very small nozzles through which the ink drops are 
fired. To print an image, the printhead is propelled back and forth across 
the page, shooting drops of ink in a desired pattern as it moves. The 
particular ink ejection mechanism within the printhead may take on a 
variety of different forms known to those skilled in the art, such as 
those using piezo-electric or thermal printhead technology. For instance, 
two earlier thermal ink ejection mechanisms are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 
5,278,584 and 4,683,481, In a thermal system, a barrier layer containing 
ink channels and vaporization chambers is located between a nozzle orifice 
plate and a substrate layer. This substrate layer typically contains 
linear arrays of heater elements, such as resistors, which are energized 
to heat ink within the vaporization chambers. Upon heating, an ink droplet 
is ejected from a nozzle associated with the energized resistor. By 
selectively energizing the resistors as the printhead moves across the 
page, the ink is expelled in a pattern on the print media to form a 
desired image (e.g., picture, chart or text). 
To clean and protect the printhead, typically a "service station" mechanism 
is mounted within the printer chassis so the printhead can be moved over 
the station for maintenance. For storage, or during non-printing periods, 
the service stations usually include a capping system which substantially 
seals the printhead nozzles from contaminants and drying. Some caps are 
also designed to facilitate priming, such as by being connected to a 
pumping unit that draws a vacuum on the printhead. During operation, clogs 
in the printhead are periodically cleared by firing a number of drops of 
ink through each of the nozzles in a process known as "spitting," with the 
waste ink being collected in a "spittoon" reservoir portion of the service 
station. After spitting, uncapping, or occasionally during printing, most 
service stations have an elastomeric wiper that wipes the printhead 
surface to remove ink residue, as well as any paper dust or other debris 
that has collected on the printhead. 
To improve the clarity and contrast of the printed image, recent research 
has focused on improving the ink itself. To provide quicker, more 
waterfast printing with darker blacks and more vivid colors, pigment based 
inks have been developed. These pigment based inks have a higher solid 
content than the earlier dye based inks, which results in a higher optical 
density for the new inks. Both types of ink dry quickly, which allows 
inkjet printing mechanisms to use plain paper. Unfortunately, the 
combination of small nozzles and quick drying ink leaves the printheads 
susceptible to clogging, not only from dried ink and minute dust particles 
or paper fibers, but also from the solids within the new inks themselves. 
Partially or completely blocked nozzles can lead to either missing or 
misdirected drops on the print media, either of which degrades the print 
quality. Thus, keeping the nozzle face plate clean becomes even more 
important when using pigment based inks, because they tend to accumulate 
more debris than the earlier dye based inks. 
Indeed, keeping the nozzle face plate clean for cartridges using pigment 
based inks has proven quite challenging. These pigment based inks require 
a higher wiping force than that previously needed for dye based inks. Yet, 
there is an upper limit to the wiping force because excessive forces may 
damage the orifice plate. Thus, a delicate balance is required in wiper 
design, which is capable of adequately cleaning the orifice plate to 
maintain print quality, while avoiding damage to the nozzle plate itself. 
The previous wiping solutions used a cantilever wiping approach. In 
cantilever wiping, a flexible low durometer elastomeric blade is supported 
at its base by a sled. While the sled may be stationary, in many designs 
it was moveable so the sled could travel to a position where the wipers 
would engage the nozzle plate. Wiping was accomplished through relative 
motion of the wipers with respect to the nozzle plate, by either moving 
the wiper relative to a stationary nozzle plate, or more typically, by 
moving the nozzle plate relative to a stationary wiper. 
The flexibility of the cantilever wiper accommodated for variations in the 
distance between the nozzle plate and sled, also referred to as variations 
in the "interference" between the wiper and nozzle plate. That is, for a 
closer sled-to-nozzle spacing (or a "greater interference"), the wiper 
flexed more than it would for a larger spacing. The force transmitted to 
the face plate was determined by the degree of bending of the wiper blade, 
as well as by the stiffness of the wiper blade material. 
The stiffness of the wiper blade is a function of the geometry of the blade 
and of the material selected. For instance, one common measure of 
elastomeric flexibility (tested using a sample of a standard size) is 
known as the "durometer," including a variety of scales known to those 
skilled in the art, such as the Shore A durometer scale. 
Unfortunately, the manufacture of elastomers is not as exacting as that of 
metals. To some extent, the composition of elastomeric materials remains 
more of an art than a science. Often, it is very difficult to exactly 
duplicate the material composition from one batch to the next. Hence, in a 
practical context, a fairly wide tolerance variation must be used in a 
wiper's durometer specification. Thus, the force transmitted to the 
printhead face plate in a practical wiper may vary, not only due to 
tolerance variations in the service station components, but also due to 
material variations in the elastomeric material of the wiper blade. 
With the earlier dye based inks, the bending of the soft cantilever wiper 
accommodated a variety of accumulated manufacturing tolerances. The 
earlier wiper positioning mechanisms, such as sled and ramp systems, rack 
and pinion gear systems, and rotary systems, all have mechanical parts 
that are manufactured within certain tolerances. These tolerances may 
accumulate in any given unit to generate maximum or minimum pen-to-sled 
spacing variations. Furthermore, a replaceable inkjet cartridge and the 
printing mechanism carriage each have their own tolerance variations. 
Other variations are introduced by any imprecision in fitting the 
cartridge to the carriage, such as when an operator installs a fresh 
cartridge. 
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are schematic front elevational views illustrating 
operation of the prior art cantilever blade wiping system. In these 
figures, the orifice or nozzle plate A of an inkjet printhead P is being 
wiped by a cantilever wiper blade B. The wiper blade B is mounted at its 
base to a sled C to accomplish the wiping, either by moving the sled C to 
the left, or by moving the pen orifice plate A to the right. FIG. 6 
illustrates a high interference fit where the orifice plate A and sled C 
are separated by a short distance X, while FIG. 7, shows the separation as 
distance Y for a nominal interference, and FIG. 8 shows the separation as 
distance Z for a low interference fit (X&lt;Y&lt;Z). For the high interference 
fit, a very small contact angle .phi.1 is shown in FIG. 6, while a nominal 
contact angle .phi.2 is shown in FIG. 7, and a much larger contact angle 
.phi.3 is shown in FIG. 8 (.phi.1&lt;.phi.2&lt;.phi.3). These varying contact 
angles also produce variations in the wiping force applied to the 
printhead, with the arrangement of FIG. 6 showing a high wiping force, 
FIG. 7 showing a nominal wiping force, and FIG. 8 showing a low wiping 
force. 
Cantilever based wiping systems proved merely adequate, not ideal, for 
wiping printheads using dye based inks. When used with pigment based ink 
cartridges, the cantilever wiper blades proved woefully inadequate for 
removing the debris accumulated on the nozzle face plates. In either case, 
one proposed solution involved stiffening the cantilever blade by 
increasing the durometer of the elastomer. Unfortunately, stiffening the 
cantilever blade produced excessive wiping forces at close sled-to-pen 
spacings, which in the extreme case could damage the nozzle face plate. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
According to one aspect of the present invention a wiping apparatus is 
provided for cleaning an inkjet printhead installed in an inkjet printing 
mechanism having a frame. The wiping apparatus has an upright wiper blade 
and a support structure that joins the wiper blade to the printing 
mechanism frame for a rocking motion of the blade with respect to the 
frame. The wiping apparatus also has a biasing element coupled to the 
support structure and the printing mechanism frame to push the wiper into 
engagement with the printhead. 
According to another aspect of the present invention a servicing apparatus 
is provided for maintaining an inkjet printhead installed in an inkjet 
printing mechanism having a frame. The servicing apparatus has a sled 
coupled to the printing mechanism frame to selectively service the 
printhead. The servicing apparatus also has a wiper to wipe the installed 
inkjet printhead. A wiper support structure is pivoted to the sled and 
pivoted to the wiper to selectively wipe the printhead with the wiper. 
According to a further aspect of the present invention a servicing 
apparatus includes a sled coupled to the printing mechanism frame for 
movement from a rest position to a wiping position. The servicing 
apparatus further includes a support arm with proximate and distal ends. 
The proximate end of the support arm is pivoted to the sled. The servicing 
apparatus also has a wiper pivoted to the support arm distal end to engage 
and wipe the printhead when the sled is moved into the wiping position. 
According to an additional aspect of the present invention an inkjet 
printing mechanism is provided with the wiping or servicing apparatus 
described above. 
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of cleaning 
an inkjet printhead installed in an inkjet printing mechanism includes the 
step of positioning the printhead and an upright wiper blade into mutual 
engagement. In a wiping step, through relative movement of the printhead 
and the wiper blade, the wiper blade wipes the printhead. In a pushing 
step, the upright wiper blade is pushed toward the printhead during the 
wiping step. In an illustrated embodiment, the method further includes the 
step of, during the wiping step, accommodating for any spacing variations 
of the printhead from a nominal spacing distance and for any tilting of 
the printhead from a nominal planar orientation. 
An overall goal of the present invention is to provide an inkjet printing 
mechanism which prints sharp vivid images, particularly when using fast 
drying pigment or dye based inks. 
Another goal of the present invention is to provide a robust wiping system 
capable of reliably cleaning the nozzle face plate of an inkjet printhead, 
whether containing a dye-based ink or a pigment-based ink.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of an inkjet printing mechanism, here 
shown as an inkjet printer 20, constructed in accordance with the present 
invention, which may be used for printing for business reports, 
correspondence, desktop publishing, and the like, in an industrial, 
office, home or other environment. A variety of inkjet printing mechanisms 
are commercially available. For instance, some of the printing mechanisms 
that may embody the present invention include plotters, portable printing 
units, copiers, cameras, video printers, and facsimile machines, to name a 
few, as well as various combination devices, such as a combination 
facsimile/printer. For convenience the concepts of the present invention 
are illustrated in the environment of an inkjet printer 20. 
While it is apparent that the printer components may vary from model to 
model, the typical inkjet printer 20 includes a frame or chassis 22 
surrounded by a housing, casing or enclosure 24, typically of a plastic 
material. Sheets of print media are fed through a print zone 25 by a print 
media handling system 26. The print media may be any type of suitable sheet 
material, such as paper, card-stock, transparencies, mylar, and the like, 
but for convenience, the illustrated embodiment is described using paper 
as the print medium. The print media handling system 26 has a feed tray 28 
for storing sheets of paper before printing. A series of conventional paper 
drive rollers (not shown), driven by a stepper motor and drive gear 
assembly 30, may be used to move the print media from tray 28 into the 
print zone 25, as shown for sheet 34, for printing. After printing, the 
motor and drive gear assembly 30 drives the printed sheet 34 onto a pair 
of retractable output drying wing members 36. The wings 36 momentarily 
hold the newly printed sheet above any previously printed sheets still 
drying in an output tray portion 38 before retracting to the sides to drop 
the newly printed sheet into the output tray 38. The media handling system 
26 may include a series of adjustment mechanisms for accommodating 
different sizes of print media, including letter, legal, A-4, envelopes, 
etc., such as a sliding length adjustment lever 40, a sliding width 
adjustment lever 42, and a sliding envelope feed plate 44. 
The printer 20 also has a printer controller, illustrated schematically as 
a microprocessor 45, that receives instructions from a host device, 
typically a computer, such as a personal computer (not shown). The printer 
controller 45 may also operate in response to user inputs provided through 
a key pad 46 located on the exterior of the casing 24. A monitor coupled 
to the computer host may be used to display visual information to an 
operator, such as the printer status or a particular program being run on 
the host computer. Personal computers, their input devices, such as a 
keyboard and/or a mouse device, and monitors are all well known to those 
skilled in the art. 
A carriage guide rod 48 is supported by the chassis 22 to slideably support 
a dual inkjet pen carriage system 50 for travel back and forth across the 
print zone 25 along a scanning axis 51. The carriage 50 is also propelled 
along guide rod 48 into a servicing region, as indicated generally by 
arrow 52, located within the interior of the housing 24. A carriage drive 
gear and DC motor assembly 55 is coupled to drive an endless belt 56. The 
motor 55 operates in response to control signals received from the 
controller 45. The belt 56 may be secured in a conventional manner to the 
carriage 50 to incrementally advance the carriage along guide rod 48 in 
response to rotation of motor 55. 
To provide carriage positional feedback information to printer controller 
45, an encoder strip 58 extends along the length of the print zone 25 and 
over the service station area 52. A conventional optical encoder reader 
may also be mounted on the back surface of printhead carriage 50 to read 
positional information provided by the encoder strip 58. The manner of 
attaching the belt 56 to the carriage, as well as the manner providing 
positional feedback information via the encoder strip reader, may be 
accomplished in a variety of different ways known to those skilled in the 
art. 
In the print zone 25, the media sheet 34 receives ink from an inkjet 
cartridge, such as a black ink cartridge 60 and/or a color ink cartridge 
62. The cartridges 60 and 62 are also often called "pens" by those in the 
art. The illustrated color pen 62 is a tri-color pen, although in some 
embodiments, a set of discrete monochrome pens may be used. While the 
color pen 62 may contain a pigment based ink, for the purposes of 
illustration, pen 62 is described as containing three dye based ink 
colors, such as cyan, yellow and magenta. The black ink pen 60 is 
illustrated herein as containing a pigment based ink. It is apparent that 
other types of inks may also be used in pens 60, 62, such as paraffin 
based inks, as well as hybrid or composite inks having both dye and 
pigment characteristics. 
The illustrated pens 60, 62 each include reservoirs for storing a supply of 
ink therein. The pens 60, 62 have printheads 64, 66 respectively, each of 
which have an orifice plate with a plurality of nozzles formed 
therethrough in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. The 
illustrated printheads 64, 66 are thermal inkjet printheads, although 
other types of printheads may be used, such as piezoelectric printheads. 
The printheads 64, 66 typically include a plurality of resistors which are 
associated with the nozzles. Upon energizing a selected resistor, a bubble 
of gas is formed ejecting a droplet of ink from the nozzle and onto a 
sheet of paper in the print zone 25 under the nozzle. The printhead 
resistors are selectively energized in response to firing command control 
signals delivered by a multi-conductor strip 68 from the controller 45 to 
the printhead carriage 50. 
Dual Pivoting Wiper System 
FIGS. 2 and 3 show one embodiment of a printhead service station 70 that 
resides within the servicing region 52 of the printer enclosure 24. The 
service station 70 includes a dual pivoting wiper system 100 constructed 
in accordance with the present invention for servicing the inkjet 
cartridges 60, 62. The wiper system 100 is illustrated as being an 
integral part of a pen capping and wiping system, including a sled 102 
that supports various servicing implements. The sled 102 supports a black 
printhead cap 104 and a color printhead cap 106, for substantially sealing 
the respective black and color printheads 64, 66 during periods of printing 
inactivity. The caps 104, 106 may be of any conventional design. 
The sled 102 may be moved into various servicing position using a variety 
of different elevating mechanisms known to those skilled in the art, 
several of which are discussed further below. To assist in coupling the 
sled 102 to a base unit 109 coupled to such an elevating mechanism (not 
shown), the sled includes two sets of mounting arms 108, 110 (FIG. 2), and 
a rear mounting member 112 (FIG. 3). To assist in aligning the servicing 
components with the cartridges 60, 62, the sled 102 includes three 
alignment members 114, 116 and 118 located toward the front of the printer 
20, and two rear alignment members 120, 122 located toward the rear of the 
sled 102. 
The sled 102 has two support arms 124, 126 which extend forwardly from the 
main body of the sled. The dual wiper system 100 includes a black wiper 
130 and a color wiper 132 for wiping printheads 64, 66, respectively. The 
wipers 130, 132 are preferably of a resilient, non-abrasive, elastomeric 
material, such as nitrile rubber, or more preferably ethylene 
polypropylene diene monomer (EPDM), or other comparable materials known in 
the art. In a preferred embodiment, the durometer of the EPDM wiper 
material is selected between the range of 40-100, on the Shore A scale, 
with a more preferred range being between 85-95, with a preferred nominal 
value being about 90, plus or minus a standard tolerance, such as .+-.5. 
It is apparent that the wipers 130, 132 may be made of different 
materials, or of materials having different durometers. However, to 
simplify manufacturing procedures, and to reduce the number of different 
parts required to assemble the printer 20, preferably the wipers 130 and 
132 are of the same material and construction. For the same reasons, the 
manner of attaching the wipers 130, 132 to the sled 102 is preferably also 
the same. Thus, in describing the illustrated embodiment of attaching the 
wipers 130 and 132 to the sled 102, the components will be described with 
respect to the color wiper 132, and with similar parts for the black wiper 
130 which are visible in the drawings being indicated with the same item 
number primed ('). For example, item number 134 is a stem portion which 
receives wiper 132, whereas item number 134' will be used to indicate the 
stem which receives wiper 130. 
Thus, the illustrated wipers 132, 130 each include an upright wiper blade 
portion 135, 135' which is integrally formed with a block mounting portion 
136, 136'. 
Each wiper blade 135, 135' has two opposing sides which taper into a peaked 
wiping edge that engages the respective printheads 66, 64. The wiper blades 
135, 135' and the block portions 136, 136' are seated within the stem 
portion 134, 134'. The wiper stem 134, 134' has a pair of pivot posts, 
such as pivot post 138 (FIG. 3) which is pivotally received by a distal 
end of a wiper support arm 140, 140'. The wiper arm 140 has a proximate 
end supported by a pair of pivot posts 142 and 144 which extend outwardly 
from each side of the support arm 126 for supporting the color wiper 132. 
The wiper arm 140' is similarly supported by a pair of pivot posts 142' 
and 144' which extend outwardly from each side of the support arm 124 for 
supporting the black wiper 130. The pivot posts 142, 144 and 142', 144' 
define what is referred to herein as an elbow joint 145, 145', whereas the 
pivot posts 138 define a wrist joint, such as joint 146. 
To bias the wiper arm 140 toward the sled 102, the dual pivoting wiper 
system 100 includes a biasing element or member, here illustrated as a 
retainer 148, 148' and a compression coil spring 150, 150'. Preferably, 
spring 150, 150' is selected to have a preferred spring rate of 0.05-0.15 
N/mm (Newtons per millimeter), or more preferably a spring rate of 
0.05-0.10 N/mm, and a preferred force of 0.4-0.8 N, or more preferably a 
force of 0.5-0.65 N both at a compressed length of approximately 27 mm, 
and at a free length of approximately 36 mm. One end of spring 150, 150' 
is retained by a lip 152 at the base of retainer 148. As best shown in 
FIG. 3, the other end of spring 150 is received within a pocket 154 
defined by an upward protuberance 155 extending upwardly from arm 140. The 
spring retainer 148 has a distal end 156, 156' which extends through a hole 
158 defined by and extending through support arm 126. Preferably, this is a 
loose fit which allows the retainer 148 to toggle and rock in hole 158 as 
arm 140 pivots and during wiping. 
To limit the downward motion of wipers 130, 132, the retainer 148, 148' has 
a shoulder portion 159 which engages the end of the pocket 154. Thus, 
downward motion of the wiper arm 140, 140' compresses the spring 150, 150' 
until the end of pocket 154 hits the retainer shoulder 159. Other biasing 
elements may also be used, for instance, a leaf spring (not shown) 
coupling the arm 140, 140' to the sled 102, or a torsional spring (not 
shown) located at the elbow joint 145, 145'. To limit the upward motion of 
the wipers 130, 132, the wiper stem 134, 134' includes a pair of 
prealignment features, such as projections, shelves or tabs 160, 162 which 
extend outwardly to engage a pair of engagement members, such as 
protuberances, abutments or stops 164, 166, respectively, extending from 
the sled 102. The wiper blades 130, 132 are advantageously held at an 
initial nominal position by engagement of the tabs 160, 162 with the 
respective stops 164, 166 before engaging the printheads 64, 66. 
FIG. 4 shows the dual pivoting wiper system 100 at the most extreme 
positions for accommodating variations in the relative alignment of the 
printheads 64, 66 with respect to sled 102, and of course, with respect to 
the printer frame or chassis 22. In FIG. 4, spring 150 is compressed to its 
maximum amount, with the end of the arm pocket 154 hitting the retainer 
shoulder 159. The position of FIG. 4 accommodates a close printhead to 
sled spacing (high interference) when the wiper blade 135, 135' is engaged 
by the printhead 66, 64 (FIGS. 1 and 5). Other pen-to-sled spacings are 
accommodated by spring compressions between those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. 
If the face plate of the printhead 66, 64 is crooked with respect to sled 
102, hat is, tilted or offset from front to rear (perpendicular with the 
scanning axis 51) of plane parallel with the sled, then flexure of the 
wrist joint 146 automatically aligns the peaked wiping edge of blade 135 
parallel to the face plate. FIG. 4 shows the maximum rearward flexure of 
blade 135 in solid lines, and the maximum forward flexure in dashed lines. 
Preferably, the wiper blades 130, 132 are initially held at a nominal 
position by engagement of the tabs 160, 162 with the respective stops 164, 
166 before engaging the printheads 64, 66. Then after engagement, the wrist 
joint 146, 146' flexes preferably only about 1.degree. either toward the 
front or back of the printer to accommodate any misalignment of the 
printhead with respect to the sled. It is apparent that any given 
embodiment of the dual pivoting wiper system may be modified to 
accommodate other angles of printhead-to-sled misalignment, and the 
1.degree. value (as well as other component values given herein) is only 
given to describe the illustrated preferred embodiment. As the wiper blade 
135, 135' moves across the printhead (either by moving the wiper, or as 
shown here, by moving the printhead), the wrist joint 146, 146' can flex 
to maintain contact across the entire width of the face plate. 
By maintaining this dual pivoting action of joints 145, 145' and 146, 146' 
within a single plane (parallel with the sheet of paper in FIGS. 3 and 4), 
the wiper blade 135, 135' remains in a substantially upright alignment for 
wiping the respective printheads 66, 64, as shown in FIG. 5. FIGS. 6, 7 
and 8 show the prior art cantilever wiping blade for high interference 
(X), nominal interference (Y), and low (Z) interference, which yielded 
wide variations in the contact angle .phi.1, .phi.2, and .phi.3, 
respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, the contact angle remains the same, 
independent of the interference with: .phi.1 indicating a high 
interference (close spacing), where the spring 150 would be at maximum 
compression; .phi.2 indicating a nominal interference where the printhead 
is located at a desired nominal distance from the sled 102; and .phi.3 
indicating a low interference (larger printhead to sled spacing), where 
the spring 150 is only compressed minimally. Regardless of the degree of 
spacing between the printheads 64, 66 and sled 102, the dual wiping system 
100 compensates for these variations, as well as for any lack of 
parallelism therebetween. Moreover, if the printhead also is canted from 
side-to-side (parallel with the scanning axis 51), the dual wiping system 
automatically accommodates for this circumstance by just changing the 
compression of the spring 150, 150' as the printhead 66, 64 is moved over 
the wiper 132, 130. 
In operation, during printing the sled 102 of the service station 70 is at 
a rest position, lowered away from the path of printhead travel. In this 
rest position, the spring 150, 150' preferably pre-loads the wiper arm 
140, 140' to force the tabs 160, 162 of stems 134, 134' into contact with 
the sled stops 164, 166, respectively. To initiate servicing, a service 
station motor 170 (FIGS. 1 and 4) moves the sled 102, preferably via a 
conventional rack and pinion gear mechanism 172, toward the printheads, in 
the direction indicated by arrow 174. The sled 102 is coupled to the rack 
and pinion gear mechanism 172 by the base unit 109, shown schematically in 
FIG. 1. The gear mechanism 172 and base unit 109 may be constructed in any 
conventional manner to move the wipers 130, 132 into engagement with the 
respective printheads 64, 66, for instance, by using the mechanism shown 
in U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,497, assigned to the present assignee, 
Hewlett-Packard Company. Other mechanisms may also be used to move the 
sled 102 into a wiping position, such as by moving the sled 102 laterally 
up a ramp (not shown) the concepts expressed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,331, 
also assigned to the present assignee, Hewlett-Packard Company. 
Initially the wiper blades 130, 132 are held at a nominal or rest position 
by engagement of the tabs 160, 162 with the respective stops 164, 166, as 
shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, which advantageously minimizes wiper to printhead 
misalignment. Upon engaging the wipers 130, 132 with the printheads 64, 
66, the biasing springs 150, 150' are compressed as the arm 140, 140' 
rocks downward, pivoting at elbow joint 145, 145'. This downward pivoting 
at elbows 145, 145' allows the wiper stem 134, 134' to pivot at wrist 
joint 146, 146' to rock the edges of the wiper blades 135, 135' into full 
engagement with each printhead 66, 64. Thus, the rocking of the wiper 
blade 135, 135' at wrist joint 146, 146' allows the wiper to accommodate 
for any angular misalignment between the wiper and printheads 64, 66. 
Pivoting at the elbow joints 145, 145' compensates for printhead to sled 
spacing variations. These angular and spacing variations may be caused 
part tolerance accumulations, or less than optimal pen seating in carriage 
50, as discussed at length in the Background portion above. 
As shown in FIG. 5, during wiping the upright structure of blade 135, 135' 
remains at a substantially constant angle with respect to the printheads 
64, 66. In practicality, there is very little bending of the blade 135, 
135' with respect to the stem 134, 134' during wiping, due to the downward 
motion of arm 140, 140'. During wiping, the wiper load increases the force 
applied to the spring 150, 150' over the initial pre-load force used to 
bias the wiper into a seated position (FIG. 3). 
The spring 150, 150' pushes or urges the wiper blade 135, 135' into 
constant engagement with the printhead 66, 64 at a force which may be 
varied by selecting the spring with a particular rate and force. In this 
manner, the wiping force applied to the printhead is no longer a function 
of the degree of interference fit and wiper composition, as in the past 
with the cantilever wiping systems. Instead, the wiping force applied by 
the blade 135, 135' to the printhead 66, 64 is now controlled by the 
characteristics of the selected spring 150, 150'. This is particularly 
advantageous because springs have characteristics which are inherently 
more repeatable, resulting in small manufacturing tolerance deviations. 
Conclusion 
Thus, it is clear that the dual pivoting wiper system 100 improves the 
wiper-to-pen orifice plate alignment over that possible with the 
cantilever blade wiping system shown in FIGS. 6 through 8. Typically, 
reciprocating printheads have their nozzles aligned in at least one, but 
more preferably two, linear arrays each aligned perpendicular to the 
scanning axis 51. In the illustrated embodiment, the wipers 130, 132 wipe 
across first one nozzle array then across the second array of each 
printhead 64, 66. In other implementations, it may be more desirable to 
orient the dual pivoting wiper system 100 so blades 135, 135' wipe along 
the length of the nozzle arrays, here, perpendicular to scanning axis 51. 
Furthermore, while two discrete pens 60, 62 are shown, the dual pivoting 
wiper system 100 may also be used to wipe a page-wide array of printhead 
nozzles (not shown) extending across the printzone 25, for instance, by 
moving sled 102 along the length of such a page-wide nozzle array. 
One important advantage realized using the dual pivoting wiper system 100 
is the equalized alignment and force distribution of the wiper's 
engagement with the orifice plates of printheads 64, 66. Advantageously, 
the dual pivoting wiper system 100 reduces variations in wiping force 
which are inherent in commercially manufactured inkjet printers due to the 
various part tolerances and material variations accumulating, as well as 
variations due to pens which may be slightly misseated within the carriage 
50. Moreover, by minimizing contact angle variation, as shown in FIG. 5, a 
more consistent wiping force is applied across the entire printhead. Thus, 
a more consistent wiping action is achieve throughout the life of the 
printer 20.