Control device and process for aligning an endless belt utilizing the control device

Disclosed is a control device and process for aligning, in the running direction, an endless belt. The device comprises a lifting cylinder with a ram which is retracted or extended as a result of switching signals received from microswitches via a control circuit. The device further includes a pivotal wing which is pivoted by the extending ram in the running direction A of the belt, and a deflecting roller having an axle, the ends of which are mounted in the eyeparts of eyebolts. During pivoting, the wing presses one eyebolt, resting at its bolt end against the front side of the wing, in the running direction A of the belt. The axle, mounted at its axle end, with a certain play in the eyepart of the other positionally fixed eyebolt, is pivoted as a result. As soon as the belt runs out of alignment, that is to say deviates from the running direction A, one of the belt edges actuates the associated microswitch and consequently the lifting cylinder. As a result of the pivoting of the axle of the deflecting roller, the non-aligned running of the belt is constantly counteracted and the belt is deflected counter to the nonaligned direction until it actuates the other microswitch.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a control device and a process utilizing 
the control device for aligning, in the running direction, an endless belt 
revolving around a driven roller and a deflecting roller. 
In the course of rotation of endless belts guided over two or more rollers, 
difficulties regarding the straight running of belts are known to arise 
after a relatively long operating period. Reasons for the belts running 
out of alignment primarily include deviations in the concentricities of 
the rollers, a deficient parallel alignment of the roller axles, varying 
heating at different points on the individual belt, varying belt abrasion, 
an uneven load distribution on the belt and the like. 
The problem is remedied to a certain extent by so-called cambered rollers, 
as compared to cylindrical rollers or cylinders. Cambered rollers are 
rollers or cylinders which possess a non-uniform diameter over their 
length and, for example, have a larger diameter in the roller or cylinder 
center than near the end faces of the roller or cylinder. However, as with 
cylindrical rollers, even when the rollers are designed in this way, it is 
necessary to make them as identical as possible with maximum precision, 
thus making it considerably more expensive to produce the rollers because 
of the high precision required. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to design a control 
device of the type described above, which counteracts the nonaligned 
running of the belt, irrespective of whether the deviation is to the left 
or right relative to the running direction of the belt, in order to obtain 
as straight a belt run as possible in the running direction. 
Another object of the present invention is to achieve aligned revolution of 
the endless belt by less expensive means than previously available. 
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the 
aligned operation of the endless belt. 
In accomplishing the foregoing objects, there has been provided in 
accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a control device for 
aligning, in the running direction, an endless belt, comprising an endless 
belt which revolves around a driven roller and a deflecting roller, 
wherein the deflecting roller includes an axle extending transversely to 
the running direction of the endless belt, a control circuit which 
includes at least two microswitches, one of which is positioned near each 
edge of the endless belt, and a lifting cylinder comprising an extendable 
ram which adjusts the position of one of the axle ends of the axle 
responsive to a signal received from one of the microswitches when the 
switch contacts the belt edge of the endless belt. Preferably, the control 
device further comprises a first horizontal member which extends parallel 
to the running direction of the endless belt, and a pivotal wing which 
pivots about the first horizontal member. Advantageously, the pivotal wing 
is U-shaped, with the legs of the wing extending on either side of the 
first horizontal member. Preferably, the control device further comprises 
a second longitudinal member which extends parallel to the running 
direction of the endless belt and is positioned on the side of the endless 
belt opposite the first horizontal member, and an angular block attached 
to one of the longitudinal members and in operative contact with the 
lifting cylinder. 
In one preferred embodiment, the control device further comprises a 
cross-member which extends between the upper and lower strands of the 
endless belt and which connects the first and second horizontal members, 
wherein the microswitches are positioned on the cross-member. 
In another preferred embodiment, the control device further comprises a 
first plate having a slot and being positioned against the first 
horizontal member, a stay extending through the slot of the first plate, 
and a pin which fixedly positions the stay to the first plate. 
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there has been 
provided a process for continuously aligning an endless belt, comprising 
the steps of pivoting an axle end of a deflecting roller about which an 
endless belt revolves by means of a pivotal wing which is pivoted by an 
extendable ram of a lifting cylinder, actuating a microswitch positioned 
near an edge of the endless belt when the endless belt runs out of 
alignment, and retracting the extendable ram to reduce the pivotal force 
applied to the axle end. 
The present invention is not restricted to an endless belt revolving around 
two rollers, but can also be used on endless belts running over more than 
two rollers. The invention achieves the advantage that the deviation of 
the belt to the left or right from the straight running direction is 
corrected, without the belt drive being stopped. This results from the 
deflection of the axle of one of the rollers, usually the deflecting 
roller, from its parallel position relative to the axle of a further 
roller, e.g., a driven roller, or relative to the axles of several 
rollers. 
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be 
made apparent by the detailed description of preferred embodiments which 
follows, when considered in view of the attached figures of drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The objects of the present invention are achieved as a result of the 
adjustability of one axle end of the axle of the deflecting roller 
positioned transversely relative to the running direction of the belt. The 
axle end is adjustable in the running direction by means of a lifting 
cylinder. Additionally a microswitch is located near each belt edge and, 
upon contact with the belt edge, sends a switching signal from a control 
circuit to the lifting cylinder in order to extend or retract a ram. At 
the same time, the other axle end of the axle of the deflecting roller is 
appropriately mounted with play in an eyebolt fixed in position, thus 
ensuring that the axle of the deflecting roller is pivoted by the lifting 
cylinder about this positionally fixed axle end functioning as a fulcrum. 
In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting cylinder rests on 
an angular block fastened to a longitudinal member which extends parallel 
to the running direction of the belt. 
In a further development, the ram of the lifting cylinder passes through a 
guide attached to the longitudinal member, and the end of the ram is 
located opposite the rear side of a pivotal wing, the cross-section of 
which has the form of a horizontally arranged U, the two legs of which 
surround the longitudinal member and are connected to one another by means 
of a vertical axle, about which the wing can pivot. In this embodiment, 
the longitudinal member is connected to a cross-member which extends 
between the upper and lower sides of the belt and on the top side of which 
are arranged the two microswitches, each of which is located near one of 
the two belt edges. 
The axle ends of the axle of the deflecting roller are appropriately 
mounted in eyebolts which are arranged parallel to the belt edges on both 
sides of the belt and which are guided through the cross-member. The bolt 
end of one eyebolt rests against the front side of the wing, and is offset 
laterally relative to the ram of the lifting cylinder. The other eyebolt 
has a specific play relative to the axle end of the axle of the deflecting 
roller, thus allowing the axle of the deflecting roller to be pivoted 
inside this eyebolt when the ram of the lifting cylinder is extended and 
pressed against the rear side of the wing, thereby pivoting the latter in 
the running direction of the belt. 
To support the ram and the bolt end of the eyebolts resting against the 
front side of the wing, screws are appropriately screwed into the front 
and rear sides of the wing, with the screw heads constituting abutments 
for the bolt end of the eyebolt and the end of the ram. 
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a plate resting against 
the longitudinal member is supported by a stay which extends through a 
slot in the plate and which is fixedly positioned to the plate by a pin. 
At the same time, the plate is designed to include a continuous guide 
parallel to the longitudinal member, and through which an eyebolt passes. 
The eyebolt projects from both sides of the plate and rests by means of 
the bolt end against the front side of the wing, with one axle end of the 
axle of the deflecting roller being mounted in the eye part of the other 
eyebolt end. The other axle end of the axle of the deflecting roller is 
mounted with play in an eyebolt. The eyebolt passes through a plate 
located on the other longitudinal member. 
Appropriately, each of the two eyebolts is screwed to a bolt nut which 
rests against the cross-member or the plates and limits the displacement 
of the eyebolts counter to the running direction of the belt. 
Turning now to the figures of drawing, FIG. 1 illustrates, in a 
diagrammatic and perspective representation, a first embodiment of the 
control device 1 for pivoting an axle 5 of a deflecting roller 2. An 
endless belt 4 is guided over the deflecting roller 2 and over a further 
roller 3, which is a drive roller. The endless belt 4 is usually a 
conveyor belt, on which any article, such as, for example, printing 
plates, are conveyed. The control device 1, described in further detail 
below, can be used universally to prevent an endless belt guided over 
rollers from running out of alignment laterally. For example, a control 
device 1 of this type can be used in a heating device, such as that 
described in German Patent Application No. P 34 20 429.6. The heating 
device described in the German application includes two endless conveyor 
belts, each of which is guided via two rollers. The lower conveyor belt is 
guided over a transport roller and a drive roller which is driven by a 
motor. The underside of the upper strand of the conveyor belt, when the 
conveyor belt rotates, slides in contact over a heating plate of an 
electrical heating element fixed in position. The conveyor belt is thereby 
heated. The upper non-driven conveyor belt revolves over the transport 
rollers and is in slight pressure contact with the driven lower conveyor 
belt, so that it is taken up by the latter as a result of friction. The 
two conveyor belts run synchronously. The lower strand of the upper 
conveyor belt slides in contact over a heating plate of the upper 
electrical heating element which heats the conveyor belt. A lamination 
carrier, which is grasped and further conveyed by the conveyor belts after 
it enters the heating device and which is to be laminated on both sides 
with photoresist film after it leaves the heating device, is heated on 
both sides by the conveyor belts. 
Where endless belts are concerned, after a relatively long period of 
continuous operation, the problem often arises that the belt is deflected 
laterally away from the predetermined straight running direction. The 
reasons for this can be, among other things, slight differences in the 
parallel alignment of the axles of the rollers, slight deviations in the 
outside diameter of the rollers relative to one another, varying heat 
distributions in the belts, etc. 
The axle of the drive roller 3 is mounted on longitudinal members 15 and 16 
which extend parallel to the belt edges 9 and 10 of the belt 4. The 
longitudinal members 15 and 16 are connected to a cross-member 21 which 
extends between the upper and lower strands of the belt 4. On the top 
sides of the cross-member are arranged two microswitches 11 and 12. Each 
of these microswitches 11 and 12 is located in close proximity to one of 
the two belt edges 9 and 10. As soon as the belt 4 starts to laterally run 
out of alignment, either the belt edge 9 touches the switch lug of the 
microswitch 11 or the belt edge 10 touches the switch lug of the 
microswitch 12, depending on the direction of deflection of the belt 4. As 
soon as contact is made between one of the belt edges and the 
corresponding microswitch, a lifting cylinder 8 receives a switching 
signal via a control circuit 37, to effect extension or retraction of a 
ram 13 of the lifting cylinder 8. 
The axle 5 of the deflecting roller 2 is mounted by means of its axle ends 
6 and 7 in eyebolts 22, 23 which are arranged parallel to the belt edges 9 
and 10 on both sides of the belt 4. The eyebolts 22 and 23 are guided 
through the cross-member 21 and each is screwed to a bolt nut 35, the 
latter resting against the cross-member 21. The bolt nuts limit 
displacement of the eyebolts counter to the running direction A of the 
belt 4. A bolt end 24 of one eyebolt 22 rests against a front side 20 of a 
wing 18, while the bolt end of the other eyebolt 23 projects freely from 
the rear side of the cross-member 21. 
The lifting cylinder 8 is attached to an angular block 14 fastened to one 
longitudinal member 15. The end of the ram 13 of the lifting cylinder 8 is 
located opposite the rear side 17 of the wing, the cross-section of which 
is in the form of a horizontally arranged U. The two legs of the wing 18 
surround the longitudinal member 15 and are connected to one another by 
means of a vertical axle 19 passing through the longitudinal member 15. 
The wing 18 can thus pivot about the vertical axle 19. The eyebolt 22, 
which rests by means of its bolt end 24 against the front side 20 of the 
wing 18, is offset laterally relative to the ram 13 of the lifting 
cylinder 8. 
One axle end 6 of the axle 5 of the deflecting roller 2 is adjusted in the 
running direction A by the lifting cylinder 8, as will be described in 
more detail below. The other axle end 7 of the axle 5 is mounted with a 
slight play in the positionally fixed eyebolt 23 to allow for adjustment 
of the lifting cylinder. 
The control device 1 works as follows. 
When the belt 4 starts to run out of alignment laterally in the transverse 
direction B, for example, the belt edge 9 first touches the microswitch 11 
which sends a control signal to the lifting cylinder 8 via the control 
circuit 37. As a result, the ram 13 is extended and the wing 18 is pivoted 
in the running direction A. The movement of the wing is transmitted to the 
axle 5 of the deflecting roller 2 via the eyebolt 22. The axle end 6 of 
the axle 5 is pivoted forward in the direction of the double arrow C, and 
the other axle end 7 in the eye part of the positionally fixed eyebolt 23 
acts as a fulcrum for the axle 5 because of the play between the axle end 
7 and the eyepart of the eyebolt 23. The axle 5 is pivoted until the 
lifting force of the lifting cylinder 8 is equal to the tensioning force 
of the belt 4 which, as a result of the pivoting of the axle 5, aquires an 
additional tension limiting the pivoting movement. The pivoting of axle 5 
counteracts the "out-of-alignment" running of the belt, a movement counter 
to the transverse direction B followed by the belt movement is initiated, 
and the belt 4 is moved beyond the track center until it actuates the 
other microswitch 12. 
During the time when the belt is guided back, the ram 13 is constantly 
extended and rests against the wing 18. When the belt 4 starts to run out 
of alignment in the other direction beyond the track center, the 
microswitch 12 is switched by the belt edge 10 and the lifting cylinder 8 
receives, via the control circuit 37, a control signal which causes the 
ram 13 to retract. Retraction of the ram results in the axle 5 of the 
deflecting roller 2 being pivoted in the pivoting direction C counter to 
the running direction A as a result of the tensile stress of the belt 4 
which then prevails. At the same time, the bolt nut 35 of the eyebolt 22 
limits this pivoting movement of the axle 5 to the rear, since it stops 
the pivoting movement as soon as it abuts the cross-member 21. 
FIG. 2 illustrates in a plan view a second embodiment of the control device 
1, in which components identical to those of the first embodiment bear the 
same reference symbols and are not described in any more detail. 
In addition to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in the second embodiment 
there is also a guide 33 which is attached to one longitudinal member 15 
and through which passes the ram 13 of the lifting cylinder 8 which rests 
on the angular block 14 fastened to the longitudinal member 15. The end of 
the ram 13 is located opposite the rear side 17 of the wing 18. Screws 25 
and 26 are screwed into the front and rear sides 20, 17 of the wing 18, 
and their heads 27 and 28 constitute adjustable abutments for the bolt end 
24 of the eyebolt 22 and the end of the ram 13. The ram 13 is offset 
outwardly relative to the eyebolt 22, so that it can exert a 
correspondingly high torque on the wing 18. Instead of the cross-member 21 
of the first embodiment, plates 29 and 36 are provided on and rest against 
the respective longitudinal members 15 and 16. The plate 29, located on 
the same side as the lifting cylinder 8, is supported by a stay 30 which 
extends through a slot 31 in the plate 29. The stay (30) is fixed to a 
stationary external member, not shown. The stay 30 is fixedly connected to 
the plate 29 in position by a pin 32. A continuous guide 34 extends 
through the plate 29 parallel to the longitudinal member 15, and the 
eyebolt 22 passes through this guide 34. The eyebolt 22 projects from the 
plate on both sides and rests by means of its bolt end against the head 27 
of the screw 25. The axle end 6 of the axle 5 of the deflecting roller 2 
is mounted in the eye part of the eyebolt 22 at the other end. 
The other axle end 7 of the axle 5 of the deflecting roller 2 is mounted in 
the other eyebolt 23 with a certain play which allows a small rotary 
movement within the eye part of the eyebolt. The eyebolt 23 passes through 
the plate 36 in a similar way to that in which the eyebolt 22 passes 
through the plate 29. To limit the pivoting movement of the axle 5, the 
two eyebolts 22 and 23 of this embodiment are likewise screwed to bolt 
nuts 35 which rest against the plates 29 and 36 when the axle 5 executes 
correspondingly large pivoting movements counter to the running direction 
A of the belt 4.