Wine preserver and dispenser

There is described apparatus for protecting and dispensing wine from a bottle in which a stopper assembly inserted in the neck of the bottle receives a removable cap assembly. The cap includes a chamber receiving gas under pressure from a cartridge stored in the cap. A valve in the stopper has three positions, an off position, a bottle venting position, and a bottle pressurizing position. In the latter position, gas under pressure stored in the cap is directed into the bottle so as to insert an inert gas into the bottle. In the vent position, excess pressure in the top of the bottle can be relieved. A second valve in the stopper controls an output spigot from which wine is dispensed from the bottle.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a stopper for wine bottles and, more 
particularly, to a stopper which allows the air in the bottle to be 
replaced by an inert gas in the top of the bottle. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
It is well-known that once a bottle of wine is open to the air, the quality 
of the wine begins to deteriorate. In order to preserve the unused portion 
of the wine in the bottle once it is opened, it is desirable to replace 
the air above the surface of the wine with an inert gas such as carbon 
dioxide. Various devices have heretofore been proposed which can be 
attached to the wine bottle and used to fill the bottle above the wine 
with an inert gas from a pressurized cartridge. See, for example, U.S. 
Pat. Nos. 3,883,043 and 4,011,971. Both of these patents show devices 
having a hollow needle or thin tube which is inserted through the bottle 
cork into the interior of the bottle through which the wine can be 
withdrawn from the bottle and through which an inert gas can be directed 
into the space in the bottle above the surface of the wine. This hollow 
needle requires two passages and a complicated valve arrangement to 
control the pressurizing of the bottle and the dispensing of the wine. 
Such known devices have been bulky and difficult to use and are relatively 
expensive. In at least one of the known prior art arrangements, the bottle 
must be tilted to let the wine flow to the stopper end of the bottle in 
order to dispense the wine. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is directed to an improved stopper arrangement for 
preserving the flavor of the wine once the bottle is opened and for 
allowing easy dispensing of the wine from the bottle without the necessity 
of tilting the bottle. An inert gas, such as carbon dioxide, from a 
pressurized cartridge is used to purge the air from the top of the opened 
wine bottle and to pressurize the wine sufficiently to cause it to flow 
out of the top of the bottle without tilting the bottle. A simple valve 
arrangement allows the air to be purged with very little gas, using finger 
tip control. The pressurized gas is contained in a removable and 
replaceable cap which can be screwed to the stopper. A safety arrangement 
allows the cap only to be removed when the pressure has been relieved. 
Twisting the cap allows the gas to be used to force the wine up through a 
spigot attached to the stopper. 
These and other advantages of the present invention are provided by a 
stopper assembly including a valve body and a stopper portion projecting 
from the valve body which is adapted to be inserted into the open mouth of 
a wine bottle or the like. A cap assembly is removably secured to the 
valve body and in combination with the valve body forms a sealed chamber 
in the cap which is pressurized with an inert gas from a gas cartridge 
inserted in the chamber. A three-position purging valve is movable between 
a closed position and an intermediate position in which a passage through 
the stopper vents the air space above the wine in the top of the bottle to 
the atmosphere. The valve in a third position directs gas under pressure 
from the chamber in the cap through the same passage in the stopper into 
the space above the wine for filling the space with an inert gas. Rotation 
of the cap controls a dispensing valve which directs wine from the bottle 
through a spigot in the stopper assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
Referring to the drawings in detail, the numeral 10 indicates generally a 
stopper assembly including a valve body 12 and a stopper portion 14. The 
stopper portion 14 is adapted to be inserted into the neck 16 of a wine 
bottle or other container of a liquid to be dispensed and is recessed, as 
indicated at 17, so that the stopper flexes and seals against the inside 
of the bottle. A removable cap assembly 18 is screwed onto the top of the 
stopper assembly by a safety coupling, indicated generally at 20, that 
prevents inadvertent removal of the cap assembly when the system is 
pressurized and allows the cap to be twisted to open a dispensing valve. 
The cap assembly 18 has a chamber 22 which receives a pressurized cartridge 
24 containing liquified C0.sub.2. The cartridge 24 may be a standard 
commercially available carbon dioxide cartridge which is used in seltzer 
water dispensers and the like. The cartridge is inserted into the chamber 
22 through the safety coupling 20 while the cap is removed from the 
stopper assembly, and is held in place in the chamber by a removable plug 
26 having a central bore 28. 
The cartridge is held in place against an annular notched seat 30 on top of 
the plug 26 by a compression spring 32 at the upper end of the chamber 22. 
A hardened steel valve seat 34 positioned in the top of the chamber 22 has 
a sharp piercing element 36 pointed at the top of the cartridge 24. When 
the cartridge 24 is pushed up in the chamber 22, in a manner hereinafter 
described, the piercing element 36 punctures the soft metal seal in the 
top of the cartridge 24, releasing gas from the cartridge into the chamber 
22. A safety relief valve 37 prevents excessive pressure in the chamber 22 
by releasing gas through a passage 38, 38' when the pressure is greater 
than the pressure exerted by a safety spring 39. 
Gas is directed into the top of the wine bottle through a passage 40, 40' 
in the valve body 12. The upper portion 40 connects with a passage 41 
which extends through the center of a post 42 in the top of the valve body 
which projects into the bore 28 of the plug 26 when the cap assembly 18 is 
secured to the top of the stopper. A pair of 0-rings 44 in the post form a 
seal with the walls of the bore 28 to prevent escape of gas from the 
chamber 22. Passage 41, because of its small diameters, also produces a 
significant dynamic gas pressure reduction between chamber 22 and outlet 
of the passage 40' when the passages are open through the valve body. 
The cap is threaded onto the top of the valve housing 12 by the threaded 
safety coupling 20. The coupling 20 includes a male threaded portion 46 
integral with and projecting above the top of the valve housing having a 
spiral thread 48 extending around the periphery. The male threaded portion 
46 of the valve housing is engaged by a mating threaded collar 50 which is 
rotatable in a recess in the end of the cap assembly 18. The collar 50 has 
an outside cylindrical surface 52 having one or more projecting teeth 54, 
as seen in FIG. 4. These teeth engage with mating teeth 56 projecting from 
the surface 58 forming the wall of the recess in the end of the cap 
assembly 18. Rotation of the cap in a clockwise direction, as viewed in 
FIG. 4, causes the two groups of teeth to engage to produce rotation of 
the collar 50 for tightening the collar onto the threaded projection 46 
and securing the cap assembly 18 in place. However, rotation of the cap in 
the opposite direction allows the projecting sets of teeth 54 and 56 to 
slide past each other because of the tapered shape of the teeth. Thus 
rotation of the cap in a counterclockwise direction does not impart any 
significant torque to the collar 50. In order to loosen the collar 50, it 
is necessary to press downwardly on the cap assembly 18, causing a 
plurality of radially extending ridges 60 on the top of the collar to 
engage a similar group of ridges 62 on the mating surface of the cap 
assembly 18. This coupling arrangement for securing the cap assembly 18 to 
the stopper assembly is substantially identical to the conventional safety 
cap found on various types of containers, such as aspirin bottles and the 
like. It has the advantage that it allows the cap to be rotated relative 
to the stopper assembly without loosening the cap assembly coupling. This 
prevents the inadvertent loosening of the cap assembly, which could be 
dangerous once the system is pressurized, and permits the cap assembly to 
be rotated to control a dispensing valve to permit the flow of wine from 
the bottle through a spigot in a manner hereinafter described in detail. 
When the cap assembly 18 is mounted on the stopper assembly, the post 42 is 
first inserted into the bore 28 of the plug 26. The upper end of the post 
engages the cartridge 24 as the cap assembly is tightened down by 
threading the coupling collar 50 onto the projecting portion 46 of the 
valve body 12. As the cap is screwed down onto the valve body, the 
cartridge 24 is pushed upwardly against the spring 32, causing the gas 
seal to be punctured by the piercing element 36, releasing gas into the 
chamber 22. The gas is directed by the passages 40, 41 in the valve body 
into a three-position purging valve, indicated generally at 70. The valve 
includes a transverse bore in the valve body 12 for receiving a sliding 
valve element 74. The valve slide includes a plunger or knob 76 which 
projects outside the valve housing 12 for actuating the valve. The valve 
slide 74 is retained in the bore by a valve plug 78 and compression spring 
80. 
In the position shown in FIG. 2, the valve slide element 74 is in the "off" 
position, cutting off the flow of gas through the upper portion of the 
passage 40 into the lower portion of the passage 40'. When the valve slide 
element is depressed to an intermediate position marked by an index line 
81 on plunger 76, a port 82 is aligned with the lower passage portion 40', 
opening the interior of the wine bottle to an outside vent 84 extending 
through the plug 78. When fully depressed, the valve slide element 74 
connects the upper portion 40 of the passage to the lower portion 40' 
through an annular recess 86 on the outside of the slide element which is 
aligned with the passage 40, 40'. A port 88 in the slide element also 
connects gas under pressure to the vent 84 from the annular recess 86. The 
plunger preferably has a flat surface along one side which, in combination 
with a flat side in the valve body opening through which the plunger 
extends, prevents rotation of the valve slide. This insures alignment 
between the port 82 and passage 40'. 
In addition to the purging valve described above, there is provided a 
dispensing valve, indicated generally at 90, in the valve body 12. A 
dispensing tube 92 extends down into the liquid in the bottle from the 
stopper assembly. The upper end of the tube 92 communicates with a passage 
94 in the stopper assembly, the passage 94 communicating with the valve 
assembly 90. The valve 90, when open, operates to direct liquid entering 
the tube 92 to an outlet spigot 96. 
The valve 90 is a simple metering valve having a slide element 98 received 
in a bore 100 in the valve body 12. The passage 94 enters the lower end of 
the bore and flow is controlled by adjusting the vertical position of the 
slide element 98. When lowered, the slide element seats against the bottom 
of the bore and shuts off the flow of liquid from the passage 94. The 
position of the slide element 98 is controlled by a dispensing valve 
positioning pin 102 which extends out of the top of the valve body 12 and 
into contact with the plug 26 in the cap assembly 18. The pin 102 extends 
into an annular channel or groove 104 in the end of the plug 26. The 
bottom surface 106 of the groove 104 is sloped so that as the plug 26 
rotates relative to the pin 102, the pin changes the vertical position of 
the valve slide 98 to open and close the dispensing valve 90. An annular 
valve plug 108 retains the pin 102 in the bore 100. A compression bushing 
109 normally urges the slide element 98 downwardly into the seat. In the 
position shown in FIG. 3, gas pressure in the bottle above the surface of 
the wine causes the wine to flow up the dispensing tube 92 and passage 94 
to urge slide element 98 upwards, opening dispensing valve 90, and further 
causing the wine to flow out of spigot 96. 
While the operation of the invention is believed evident from the above 
description of the apparatus, the following description of the operation 
is given by way of summary. The cap assembly and the stopper assembly are 
initially assembled by placing the stopper in an empty bottle, for 
example, or other convenient means of holding the stopper assembly. The 
cap assembly is then placed on top of the stopper assembly with the post 
42 projecting into the bore in the plug 26 of the cap assembly. The 
threaded coupling is then screwed on to the stopper assembly by rotating 
the cap in a clockwise directions until it can no longer be turned. In the 
process, the post pushes the cartridge 24 against the piercing point 36, 
releasing the gas from the cartridge to activate the unit. The release of 
gas from the cartridge can be verified by momentarily depressing the 
purging valve plunger 76 and allowing gas to escape through the vent 84. 
When a new bottle of wine is opened, the assembled unit can then be 
inserted into the neck of the bottle immediately after the cork is 
removed. With the cap rotated to the position in which the dispensing 
valve 90 is fully closed, the neck of the bottle is grasped with the thumb 
on the purge valve plunger 76 and with the index finger covering the vent 
passage 84. The purge valve plunger is then fully depressed with the 
thumb. As soon as the gas begins to flow into the wine bottle, the index 
finger is alternately removed and returned to cover the vent hole. This is 
repeated rapidly about four or five times so that the interior of the 
bottle is alternately pressurized and vented. This action results in a 
series of low pressure surges that facilitate purging of air from the 
space in the bottle above the wine and replacing the air with inert gas. 
To dispense wine from the bottle, the cap is rotated to a position in which 
the dispensing valve 90 is fully opened. The purge valve plunger is then 
fully depressed with the index finger covering the vent. This causes gas 
under pressure to enter the top of the bottle, pushing the wine out 
through the tube 92 and valve 90 to the spigot 96. 
When the wine is fully consumed, the unit can be removed and inserted into 
another bottle. Thus the unit can be used over and over until the 
cartridge is completely depleted of pressurized gas. With the pressure 
dissipated, the cap assembly can be removed from the stopper assembly by 
pressing down on the cap while at the same time rotating it 
counterclockwise to unscrew the coupling. A vent opening 110 in the bore 
28 may be provided in the cap assembly to bleed off any pressure remaining 
in the chamber 22 before the coupling becomes completely disengaged with 
the stopper assembly. The cartridge 24 can be replaced with a new 
cartridge by removing the plug 26 from the cap assembly 18. 
From the above description it will be seen that a self-contained 
pressurized stopper arrangement is provided which serves to preserve the 
wine in the bottle and dispense the wine without tilting the bottle. The 
unit is activated by a standard C0.sub.2 cartridge which provides the air 
purging gas for preserving the wine quality and also energizing the 
dispensing system.