Image forming apparatus with blank exposure means

An image forming apparatus includes a movable photosensitive member, a slit for imagewise exposure of said photosensitive member to light in a slit exposure area having a width in a direction of movement of said photosensitive member, and a movable reflecting member for forming a non-image area on said photosensitive member by light from said reflecting member. When blank exposure is effected, the reflecting member is disposed at a first position or a second position. When the reflecting member is disposed at the first position, the light from the reflecting member is substantially condensed on or adjacent to an upstream end of the exposure area width on the photosensitive member with respect to the movement direction of the photosensitive member, and an area before an image area on the photosensitive member in which an image is formed by the slit exposure means is exposed to the light. When the reflecting member is disposed at the second position, the light from the reflecting member is substantially condensed on or adjacent a downstream end of the exposure area width on the photosensitive member, with respect to the movement direction of the photosensitive member, and an area after the image area is exposed to the light.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART 
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus having blank 
exposure means. 
In the case, for example, where a copy is made from an original having a 
figure or characters extending to an edge of the original, if an image 
corresponding to the entirety of the original including the edge portion 
is formed on a photosensitive member, a leading edge of a transfer 
material conveyed for receiving the image from the photosensitive member 
kicks the toner image at the edge portion to scatter the toner particles, 
with the result that the leading edge portion of the transfer material is 
contaminated and that the inside of the copying apparatus is contaminated. 
Also, where the copying apparatus includes a roller type image fixing 
device wherein the transfer material is passed through a nip formed 
between rollers, the transfer material tends to be easily wrapped around 
the roller, which may be a cause of paper jam, if the image is formed at a 
leading end of the transfer material. 
Usually, an original is placed on an original supporting platen with its 
one edge registered with an index on the platen. However, it is often that 
the copying operation is performed with the edge not correctly registered 
with the index, in which case the clearance between the edge of the 
original and the index member is reproduced as a black original. This 
aggravates the above described inconveniences, in addition to the 
degrading of the quality of the image by the black stripe formed at a 
leading edge of the transfer material. 
Proposals have been made in order to avoid the inconveniences, wherein a 
small width white paper is attached or white paint is applied to a bottom 
surface of the original supporting platen at a position where the edge of 
the original is to be placed, as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent 
Application 87845/1973 and 642/1979, for example. However, in this method, 
a shade is formed on an original outside the white stripe area when the 
original is illuminated, and the shade is reproduced on the copy, and 
therefore, the degrading of the image quality is not solved. 
As another proposal, a blank exposure is known, as disclosed in Japanese 
Laid-Open Patent Application No. 26870/1982, wherein uniform light is 
applied to non-image areas, i.e. the areas before and after the image area 
where the image is to be formed, so that the electric charge in the 
non-image areas is dissipated or attenuated to prevent the developer from 
being deposited in the non-image areas. Japanese Laid-Open Patent 
Application No. 53760/1982 under the name of the assignee of this 
invention discloses that a blank portion is formed adjacent a leading edge 
of the copy using the blank exposure means, and it is embodied in a 
commercial electrophotographic machine, Canon NP-120. 
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the known blank exposure means comprises a lamp 
(light source) 101 and a concave reflecting member 102 for condensing the 
light from the lamp 101 on a rotatable photosensitive member 100. When the 
photosensitive member is exposed to image light through a slit in the 
image area, the reflecting member 102 is retracted to a chain line 
position outside the slit exposure optical path L to allow imagewise 
exposure. When, on the other hand, the non image area of the 
photosensitive member is blank-exposed, the reflecting member 102 is 
returned to the solid line position across the slit exposure optical path 
L to block the image exposure light, while directing and condensing the 
light from the lamp 101 on the photosensitive member. 
When a predetermined circumferential length of the surface of the 
photosensitive member corresponding to the predetermined length of a 
leading edge portion of an original is blank-exposed by the reflecting 
member 102 maintained at the solid line position, a position c on the 
photosensitive member where the image exposure is to start reaches a 
position shown in FIG. 1, that is, to an end of the image exposure area. 
At this instance, the reflecting member 102 is retracted to the chain line 
position to allow the image exposure by the slit exposure light L to be 
started. When a trailing edge d of the image area on the photosensitive 
member reaches a position shown in FIG. 2, the reflecting member 102 is 
returned to the solid line position to blank-expose the photosensitive 
member again. By this, it is possible to form a blank portion adjacent a 
leading edge portion of the transfer material within a predetermined 
length. 
In this apparatus, however, it has been found that the problem is not 
satisfactorily solved, since a black stripe in a half-tone is formed in 
the leading edge black portion, by which the image quality is degraded. 
Also, when the image is transferred onto a transfer material having a size 
larger than the size of the image formed on the photosensitive member, the 
half-tone stripe is formed on the trailing edge portion of the transfer 
material. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide 
an image forming apparatus comprising an improved blank exposure means. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an image forming 
apparatus comprising a blank exposure means which is effective to prevent 
production of a half-tone black stripe adjacent a leading edge portion of 
an image area within a non-image area. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an image forming 
apparatus having a blank exposure means which is effective to prevent 
production of a half-tone black stripe adjacent a trailing edge portion of 
an image area within a non-image area. 
It is a yet further object of the present invention to provide an image 
forming apparatus having a blank exposure means which is effective to 
prevent production of half-tone black stripes adjacent leading and 
trailing edge portions adjacent an image area within a non-image area. 
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an image 
forming apparatus having a blank exposure means which is effective to 
prevent production of half-tone black stripes in leading edge and/or 
trailing edge blank portions of a transfer material. 
The causes of the above-discussed problems are considered as follows. In 
the known apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the condensing point where the light 
from the lamp 102 is condensed on the photosensitive member by the 
reflecting member 102 is located adjacent a center in the slit exposure 
area L in which the photosensitive member is exposed to the image light 
(a-c area in FIG. 1, or d-f area in FIG. 2), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, 
and therefore, the blank exposure is not sufficient in the area on the 
photosensitive member between the condensing point b and the position c in 
FIG. 1, and the area between the condensing point e and the position d in 
FIG. 2. This reduces a time-integrated exposure amount on the 
photosensitive member in those areas becomes smaller as shown by 
references g and h in FIG. 3. Therefore, the areas corresponding to the 
positions g and h on the photosensitive member are not electrically 
discharged to a sufficient extent with the result that the developer is 
deposited in half-tone. Because of this, a black stripe in the half-tone 
is formed in the leading edge blank portion of the transfer material 
conveyed to align with a position between positions a and b. This degrades 
the quality of the image. 
When the image is transferred onto a transfer material having a size larger 
than the size of the image formed on the photosensitive member, the 
half-tone black stripe is formed in a trailing edge portion of the 
transfer material which corresponds to the position b. This also degrades 
the image quality. Those are problems even in an image forming apparatus 
wherein no blank portion is formed in the leading edge portion and the 
trailing edge portion, that is, in the image forming apparatus wherein an 
image is transferred onto the transfer material which has substantially 
the same size as the image formed on the photosensitive member, because 
the deposition of the developer in the areas on the photosensitive member 
corresponding to the positions a and b wastes the developer, and because 
the developer can contaminate the transfer means or the like. 
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention 
will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following 
description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in 
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown an electrophotographic copying machine 
as an exemplary image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the 
present invention, which comprises an original supporting platen 1, on 
which an original O is placed face down at a predetermined position. The 
original O is pressed by an original pressing plate 2. 
Below the original supporting platen 1, there is disposed a known slit 
exposure optical system which comprises an original illuminating lamp 3, 
movable mirrors 4, 5 and 6, an imaging lens 7 and fixed mirrors 8, 9 and 
10. The lamp 3 and the mirror 4 are moved at a predetermined speed V in 
the direction indicated by an arrow, and the mirrors 5 and 6 are moved in 
the same direction at one half speed to scan the original, and the light 
image is applied onto the photosensitive member 11 in the form of a drum 
through the lens 7 and the mirrors 8 and 9 through a slit. Thus, the 
photosensitive member 11 is exposed to the light image of the original 
within a slit exposure area having a small width in the direction of the 
movement of the photosensitive member 11 and which is long in the 
substantially perpendicular direction, that is, the direction 
substantially parallel to a rotational axis of the photosensitive member 
11. 
The photosensitive member 11 rotates at a predetermined peripheral speed in 
a direction u. During the rotation, the photosensitive member 11 is 
uniformly charged by a corona discharger 12, and the charged surface 
thereof is exposed to the image light by the slit exposure optical system, 
so that an electrostatic latent image is formed corresponding to the 
original image. The electrostatic latent image is visualized into a toner 
image by a developing device 13 which applies a developer to the 
photosensitive member 11. 
On the other hand, a transfer material P singled out of a sheet cassette by 
a pick-up roller 14a, is timed by a registration roller 15 with rotation 
of the photosensitive member 11 and is advanced into the space between the 
photosensitive member 11 and a transfer corona charger 16. The transfer 
charger 16 transfers the toner image from the photosensitive member 11 
onto the transfer material P. In place of the transfer charger 16, a 
transfer roller press-contacted to and rotatable with the photosensitive 
member 11 is usable. 
Then, the transfer material P having received the toner image is separated 
from the surface of the photosensitive member and is conveyed by a 
conveying belt 17 into an image fixing device 18, where the toner image 
thereof is fixed. Thereafter, the transfer sheet is discharged outside the 
image forming apparatus as a copy. On the other hand, the surface of the 
photosensitive member 11 from which a toner image has been transferred 
onto the transfer material P is cleaned by a cleaning device 19 so that a 
residual toner or the like is removed, and the photosensitive member 11 is 
prepared for the next image formation. 
A blank exposure means 20 for illuminating non-image areas on the 
photosensitive member 11 is disposed in the structure described above 
adjacent the slit exposure optical path between the fixed mirror 10 and 
the photosensitive member 11. 
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the blank exposure means 20 comprises a lamp 21, 
a movable and curved (concave) reflecting member 22 and a fixed reflecting 
member 23 having a flat reflecting surface. A part of the light from the 
lamp 21 is directly incident on the curved reflecting member 22 which 
functions as a condensing means, namely the light rays L1 reflected by the 
curved reflecting member 22 are condensed at or adjacent an edge S1 of the 
slit exposure area S in which the photosensitive member is exposed to the 
image light of the original through the slit by light rays L. The light 
rays L2 which are from the lamp 21 and are incident on the flat reflecting 
member 23 and then reflected by the curved reflecting member 22, are 
condensed at or adjacent the other edge S2 of the slit exposure area S. 
The edges S1 and S2 are opposite in the direction of the movement of the 
photosensitive member 11, and the edge S2 is downstream of the edge S1 
with respect to the peripheral movement of the photosensitive member. The 
edges S1 and S2 are extended in the direction perpendicular to the 
movement direction of the photosensitive member 11, that is, in the 
direction substantially parallel to the rotational axis of the 
photosensitive member 11. A light blocking member 24 is provided with a 
window through which the light is passed. 
The curved reflecting member 22 is rotatable by an unshown driving 
mechanism comprising an electromagnetic plunger and a spring, and it takes 
a position shown by solid lines in FIGS. 5 and 6 by a reference 22A during 
blank exposure to be disposed across an original image exposure optical 
path between the fixed mirror 10 of the slit exposure optical system and 
the photosensitive member 11, so as to prevent the photosensitive member 
11 from being exposed to the slit exposure light rays L, while to project 
and condense the light rays L1 and L2 from the lamp 21 on the 
photosensitive member 11. On the other hand, upon the original image 
exposure, the curved reflecting mirror 22 is retracted outside the image 
exposure optical path as shown by a reference 22B in FIGS. 5 and 6 so as 
to allow the image exposure of the photosensitive member 11, while to 
prevent the light rays from the lamp 21 from being projected on the 
photosensitive member 11. 
In the state shown in FIG. 5, in order to form a blank portion of a 
predetermined width of a leading edge portion of the transfer material P, 
the photosensitive member is blank-exposed in the area corresponding to 
the predetermined width of the original. The curved reflecting member 22 
takes the solid line position 22A to sequentially blank-expose the 
photosensitive member 11 with the rotation thereof by the condensed light 
rays L1 and L2 from the lamp 21 to the photosensitive member 11. When the 
blank-exposure of the photosensitive member in the area corresponding to 
the predetermined area of the leading edge portion of the original is 
completed, that is, when the leading edge C of the image area where the 
latent image is to be formed comes to a first edge S1 of the slit exposure 
area S, as shown in FIG. 5, the curved reflecting member 22 is retracted 
to the chain line position 22B in FIG. 5, by which the light rays from the 
lamp 21 is prevented from reaching the photosensitive member 11. By this 
time, that portion of the photosensitive member surface which is from the 
position C to the condensing position A of the light rays L2 in FIG. 5 has 
been blank exposed by the condensing light rays L1, and that portion of 
the photosensitive member surface which is downstream of the position A 
with respect to movement direction of the photosensitive member 11 has 
been blank-exposed by the light rays L1 and L2. 
By the retraction of the curved reflecting member 22 to the chain line 
position 22B, the image exposure optical path is opened, so that the slit 
exposure light rays L is projected onto the photosensitive member 11 in 
the slit exposure area S, by which an electrostatic latent image is 
sequentially formed on the photosensitive member surface in the area 
upstream of the position C on the photosensitive member 11. 
When the latent image formation is completed, that is, when a trailing edge 
D of the image area on the photosensitive member 11 reaches a second edge 
S2 of the slit exposure area S, as shown in FIG. 6, the curved reflecting 
member 22 returns to the solid line position 22A, by which the blank 
exposure begins again. After the blank exposure resumes, the area on the 
photosensitive member surface from the position D to the condensing 
position F of the condensing light rays L1 in FIG. 6 is blank-exposed to 
the condensing light rays L2, and the area upstream of the position F with 
respect to the movement direction of the photosensitive member is 
blank-exposed by the condensing light rays L1 and L2. 
FIG. 7 is a graph of a time-integrated exposure amount of the 
photosensitive member against positions on the photosensitive member by 
the above-described process. As will be understood from FIG. 7, the 
shortage of the exposure as indicated by references g or h in FIG. 3 is 
eliminated. Accordingly, the half-tone black stripe experienced by the 
conventional art is prevented. 
FIG. 8 is a timing chart of the operation when plural copies are produced. 
In this Figure, the developing device 13 is indicated as starting its 
operation a little before the position C of the photosensitive member 
reaches a developing station and to terminate its operation a little after 
the position D on the photosensitive member 11 passes through the 
developing station. However, the developing device 13 may be maintained 
operated during the rotation of the photosensitive member 11. 
The registration roller 15 advances the transfer material P to the image 
transfer station so that the predetermined leading edge portion of the 
transfer material P is aligned in the transfer station with the area 
between the positions A and C of the photosensitive member 11 shown in 
FIG. 5 (the area is exposed to the light rays L1 immediately before the 
points of time T1 and T5 of FIG. 8). By this, a blank portion having a 
predetermined width or length is formed in the leading edge portion of the 
transfer material P. 
When, on the other hand, the image is transferred from the photosensitive 
member 11 onto a transfer material having a size larger than that of the 
image on the photosensitive member 11, the trailing edge of the transfer 
material P conveyed to the transfer station by the registration roller 15 
is aligned in the transfer station with a portion of the photosensitive 
member which is blank-exposed during the period from time T3 to time T5, 
whereby a blank portion is formed in the trailing edge area of the 
transfer material P. 
In an apparatus wherein the image is transferred from the photosensitive 
member 11 to a transfer material P having the same size as the image on 
the photosensitive member 11, the registration roller 15 advances the 
transfer material P into the transfer station such that the leading edge 
of the transfer material P is aligned in the transfer station with the 
position C of the photosensitive member 11 shown in FIG. 5, and that the 
trailing edge of the transfer material P is aligned in the transfer 
station with the position D of the photosensitive member 11 shown in FIG. 
6. In this case, the original O is projected onto the photosensitive 
member 11 from its leading edge without blockage. The reflecting member 22 
is retracted to the position 22B substantially simultaneously with the 
mirror 4 starting to scan the leading edge of the original O. On the other 
hand, in the apparatus wherein a blank portion is formed at the leading 
edge portion of the transfer material P, the reflecting member 22 is 
retracted to the position 22B with time delay from the point of time at 
which the mirror 4 starts to scan the leading edge of the original O by a 
time period corresponding to the width of the blank portion, so that the 
image formation light rays L is blocked, correspondingly to the 
predetermined width of the original leading portion, during the time 
period before the retraction of the reflecting member 22. 
In the foregoing embodiment, the curved reflecting member 22 constituting 
the blank exposure means 20 has been explained as being rotatable, but 
this is not limiting, and it may be translatable. 
Also, in the foregoing embodiment, two light rays L1 and L2 are provided by 
a single light source 21 and two reflecting members 22 and 23. However, 
the numbers and arrangements of the light sources and reflecting members 
may be modified property by one skilled in the art, if the light ray 
condensing positions are formed at or adjacent upstream and downstream 
edges of the slit image exposure area on the photosensitive member 11. 
As another alternative, referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the position of the 
lamp 21 is displaced upwardly, and the fixed reflecting member 23 is 
displaced downwardly, wherein the reflecting surface thereof faces up. 
Then, the light rays reflected by the reflecting member 23 and then 
reflected by the reflecting member 22 are condensed at or adjacent the 
position S1, whereas the light rays directly incident on the reflecting 
member 22 from the lamp 21 are condensed at or adjacent the position S2. 
Furthermore, if it is only required to prevent the production of the half 
tone black stripe in front of the image area, the reflecting member 23 may 
be omitted from FIGS. 5 and 6 arrangement, so that the photosensitive 
member 11 is blank-exposed to the light rays L1 only without the light 
rays L2. On the contrary, if it is only required to prevent the production 
of the half tone black stripe at the back of the image area, a light 
blocking plate for blocking the light rays L1 only at a position, for 
example, between the lamp 21 and the slit plate 24 in FIGS. 5 and 6, by 
which the photosensitive member 11 is blank-exposed only by the light rays 
L2. 
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, another embodiment of the present invention 
will be described, in which a reflecting member 22 takes a first position 
shown in FIG. 9 in the optical path for the imagewise slit exposure light 
rays L and a second position shown in FIG. 10. The fixed flat reflecting 
member 23 of FIG. 4 embodiment is not used in this embodiment. 
In FIG. 9, there is shown a position of the concave mirror 22 and the light 
condensing position of the blank exposure light rays L1 when a blank 
portion is to be formed at the leading edge portion of a copy. Prior to 
the photosensitive member 11 being exposed to an image of an original, the 
concave mirror 22 takes a solid line position 22A1 to prevent the slit 
exposure light rays L from being incident on the photosensitive member 11, 
while to project and condense the light rays emitting from the light 
source 21 at or adjacent the first edge S1 of the slit exposure area S. At 
this time, the concave mirror 22 takes the position 22A1 which is angle 
.theta.1 away from the position 22B. 
Substantially simultaneously with the leading edge C of that area on the 
photosensitive member 11 on which the image is to be formed reaching the 
position S1, the concave mirror 22 is retracted to the position 22B 
outside the optical path for the light rays L. By this, the light image of 
the original is projected onto the photosensitive member 11 subsequently 
to the blank portion on the photosensitive member 11 (non-image area). The 
light image is formed into a toner image in the manner described above, 
and the toner image is transferred onto a transfer material P. 
Upon completion of the projection of the light image at the trailing edge 
of the original onto the photosensitive member 11, the concave mirror 22 
is displaced from the broken line position 22B in FIG. 10 to a solid line 
position 22A2 in the same Figure, so that the image exposure light rays L 
are prevented from being incident on the photosensitive member 11, whereas 
the light rays emitting from the light source 21 are projected and 
condensed at or adjacent a second edge S2 of the slit exposure area S, 
more particularly, at position D which is adjacent the trailing edge of an 
image of the original. In this way, the second blank portion is formed 
subsequently to the image of the original. At this time, the concave 
mirror 22 is maintained at a second position 22A2 which is different from 
the first position shown in FIG. 9. In the second position, the concave 
mirror 22 is away from the position 22D by an angle .theta.2. 
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a distribution of an integrated amount of 
exposure of the surface of the photosensitive member 11. As will be 
understood from this Figure, the shortage of exposure indicated by 
references g and h in the prior art device shown in FIG. 3, is eliminated, 
whereby the production of the black stripe can be avoided adjacent leading 
and trailing edges of the image area within the non-image area. 
FIG. 12 is a timing chart illustrating operation of various parts of the 
image forming apparatus comprising the concave mirror 22 operable in the 
manner described in conjunction with FIGS. 9 and 10. In FIG. 12, the 
topmost line indicates the operation of image exposure of the original; 
the second line indicates the operation of the developing device; the 
third line indicates the operation of the concave mirror 22, wherein 
"open" means the position for allowing blank exposure, and "close" means 
the position outside the optical path for the light rays L; and the 
bottommost line indicates the change of the angle of the concave mirror 
22. 
In FIG.12, the concave mirror 22A is displaced from the solid line position 
22A1 to the broken line position 22B in FIG. 9 at the points of time T1 
and T6, and it is displaced from the broken line position 22B to the solid 
line position 22A2 in FIG. 10 at the points of time T3 and T8. In 
addition, it is returned from the solid line position 22A2 in FIG. 10 to 
the solid line position in FIG. 9 at the points of time T5 and T10. 
Similarly to FIGS. 5 and 6 embodiment, the developing device 13 is 
indicated as starting its operation a little before the position C of the 
photosensitive member 11 reaches the developing station and as terminating 
its operation a little after the position D of the photosensitive member 
passes through the developing station. However, the developing device 13 
may be maintained operated during the rotation of the photosensitive 
member 11. 
The registration roller 15 advances the transfer material P to the image 
transfer station such that the leading edge portion of the transfer 
material P which has the predetermined width is aligned in the transfer 
station with the area between the positions A and C of the photosensitive 
member 11 in FIG. 9. By this, a blank portion having a predetermined width 
is formed in the leading edge portion of the transfer material P. 
On the other hand, when the image is transferred from the photosensitive 
member 11 to a transfer material having a size larger than that of the 
image on the photosensitive member 11, the trailing edge of the transfer 
material conveyed to the transfer station by the registration roller 15 is 
aligned in the transfer station with the portion of the photosensitive 
member which is blank-exposed from the point of time T3 to the point of 
time T6 in FIG. 12, by which a blank portion is formed in the trailing 
edge portion of the transfer material P. 
In the apparatus wherein the image is transferred onto the transfer 
material P having the same size as the image on the photosensitive member 
11, the registration roller 15 advances the transfer material P into the 
transfer station such that the leading edge of the transfer material P is 
aligned in the transfer station with the position C of the photosensitive 
member 11 shown i FIG. 9, and that the trailing edge of the transfer 
material P is aligned in the transfer station with the position D of the 
photosensitive member 11 shown in FIG. 10. In this case, the light image 
of the original O is projected onto the photosensitive member 11 without 
blockage from its leading edge. In other words, the concave mirror 22 is 
retracted to the position 22B substantially simultaneously with the mirror 
4 starting to scan the leading edge of the original O. On the contrary, in 
an apparatus wherein the blank portion is formed in the leading edge 
portion of the transfer material P, the concave mirror 22 is retracted to 
the position 22B with a delay of time corresponding to the width of the 
blank portion from the point of time at which the mirror 4 starts to scan 
the leading edge of the original O, and the image light rays L are 
prevented from being incident on the photosensitive member 11, 
corresponding to the predetermined width of the leading edge portion of 
the original, during the time before the retraction. 
In this embodiment, if it is only required to prevent production of the 
half-tone black stripe in the area before the image area, the concave 
mirror or the reflecting member 22 is movable only between the position 
22B and the position 22A1 in FIG. 9. If, on the contrary, it is only 
required to prevent the production of the half-tone black stripe in the 
area after the image area, the reflecting member 22 is moved only between 
the position 22B and the position 22A2 in FIG. 10. 
In the foregoing example, the reflecting member 22 has been described as 
having a concave reflecting surface, but it may be constituted by a 
plurality of small flat reflecting surfaces arranged in the form of a 
polygon. 
The present invention is applicable to a variable magnification copying 
apparatus containing a zoom lens which is displaceable, as a lens 7, and 
another variable magnification copying apparatus wherein the lens 7 is a 
fixed focus lens, and wherein the image magnification is changed by 
displacing the mirrors 8 and 9 and the lens 7. In variable magnification 
copying machines, it occurs quite often that the size of the image to be 
transferred is smaller than the size of the transfer material onto which 
the image is to be transferred. In such a case, a blank is provided in the 
trailing portion of the transfer material, and therefore, it is preferable 
to blank-expose the photosensitive member by the above-described light 
rays L2, since then the half tone black stripe is not formed in the blank 
of the transfer material. 
While the invention has been described with reference to the structures 
disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this 
application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come 
within the purposes of the improvements or the scope of the following 
claims.