Device for fastening a roll to a frame of a paper machine

A device for fastening a roll to the frame construction in a paper machine, paper finishing machine, or equivalent, wherein the ends of the roll are provided with bearings. The bearing housings of the bearings, or fastening bases formed onto the bearing housings, are mounted against a back-up face formed on the frame construction so as to position the roll in its place on the machine frame. On the machine frame, fastening members are arranged to be displaceable in a direction substantially perpendicular to and against the back-up face formed on the frame construction and include flange portions, i.e., shoulders or equivalent formed pieces. Correspondingly, the bearing housings, or fastening bases arranged thereon, are provided with grooves corresponding to the shape of the flange portions of the fastening members. When the roll is installed in its place, the flange portions pass into the grooves in the bearing housings. Then, the fastening members tighten the bearing housings or the fastening bases, respectively, forcibly against the back-up faces on the frame construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 The present invention relates to a device for fastening a roll to a frame
 construction in a paper machine, paper finishing machine, or equivalent,
 wherein the ends of the roll are provided with bearings housings. The
 bearing housings, or fastening bases that have been formed onto the
 bearing housings, are mounted against a back-up face formed on the frame
 construction so as to position the roll in its place on the machine frame.
 A method for fastening the roll to the machine frame is also disclosed.
 In certain parts of paper machines, board machines and equivalent and/or of
 paper and board finishing machines, quick replacement of rolls is required
 in order that unduly long standstills could be avoided. Quick replacement
 of rolls is a particularly important property in soft calenders, in which,
 out of the rolls that form the calendaring nip, the soft faced roll must
 be replaced from time to time and quite frequently for conditioning.
 However, in conventional frame constructions, the opening of the fastening
 screws and, on the other hand, the tightening of the screws to the correct
 tightening torque, constitute quite a laborious and time-consuming working
 step. The fastening screws are placed in very awkward locations, for
 example high above the floor plane, far from tending platforms, in narrow
 gaps, and close to hot roll faces. Also, tightening of the screws to the
 correct torque requires a high force whose generation under the
 circumstances referred to above is difficult and even dangerous.
 Owing to the drawbacks mentioned above, in the prior art, attempts have
 also been made to develop various fastening arrangements in which the roll
 is fastened to the frame construction without screws by means of
 particular fastening members. However, for the most part, these fastening
 arrangements have involved a number of considerable drawbacks, such as
 complicated fastening arrangement and unreliability of the fastening, for
 which reason such fastening arrangements in machine constructions in
 operation have been very rare. Moreover, it has not been possible to apply
 any of such fastening arrangements to a soft calender.
 OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device
 and method for fastening a roll to the frame construction by means of
 which the above drawbacks involved in the prior art are avoided.
 It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and improved
 device and method for fastening a roll to the frame construction by means
 of which the fastening and detaching of the roll can be carried out easily
 and rapidly.
 In view of achieving these objects and others, in accordance with the
 invention, fastening members are arranged on the frame of the machine and
 can be displaced forcibly substantially in a direction perpendicular
 against the back-up face formed on the frame construction. The fastening
 members are provided with a flange portion, i.e., shoulders or with
 equivalent formed pieces, whereby by providing bearing housings or the
 fastening bases fitted on the bearing housings with at least one groove
 corresponding to the shape of the flange portions of the fastening
 members, a secure fastening is attained. In this manner, when the roll is
 installed in its operating position, the flange portions are arranged to
 pass into the at least one grooves in the bearing housings, and the
 fastening members are arranged to tighten the bearing housings or the
 fastening bases, respectively, forcibly against the back-up faces on the
 frame construction. Preferably, the bearing housings or fastening bases
 formed thereon have two grooves so that there are two fastening members
 having a flange portion which are situated on each side of the roll.
 By means of the invention, compared with the prior art, a number of
 advantages are obtained, of which some of the most important ones are
 security and reliability of operation of the fastening device. By means of
 the device in accordance with the invention, the roll also remains in its
 position in the event of any disturbances. The invention can be applied
 most advantageously so that, when the device in accordance with the
 invention is used, the roll is attachable to the frame construction and
 detachable from the same completely untouched by hand, i.e., by the
 intermediate of the control desk. Manual operation is, however, also fully
 possible if desired.
 In the method for fastening a roll to a frame of a paper machine, paper
 finishing machine, or equivalent, in accordance with the invention, the
 ends of the roll are provided with bearings and fastening members having a
 flange portions, i.e., shoulders or formed pieces, are arranged on the
 machine frame. The roll bearings are mounted in respective bearing
 housings arranged against back-up faces of the machine frame. To fasten
 the roll, the bearing housings are displaced into connection with the
 machine frame such that at least one groove in the bearing housing
 receives a respective one of the flange portions of the fastening members,
 and the fastening members are then displaced in a direction substantially
 perpendicular to the back-up faces to tighten the bearing housings against
 a respective back-up face. The bearing housings can be displaced in a
 direction parallel to a respective one of the back-up faces in conjunction
 with the displacement of the fastening members to tighten the bearing
 housings against the back-up faces. Further, the displacement of the
 fastening members can be controlled by remote-control via a control desk.
 Further advantages and characteristic features of the invention come out
 from the following detailed description of the invention.
 In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference
 to some exemplifying embodiments of the invention illustrated
 schematically in the figures in the accompanying drawings. However, the
 invention is by no means strictly confined to the details of these
 embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
 Referring to the accompanying drawings wherein the same reference numerals
 refer to the same elements, FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a
 two-nip N.sub.1,N.sub.2 soft calender, which is primarily utilized for
 two-sided calendaring of a paper web W. The calendaring nips N.sub.1 and
 N.sub.2 are formed between a heatable, hard roll and a soft-faced roll. Of
 the rolls of the first nip N.sub.1, upper roll 2 is a hard-faced heatable
 roll, and bearing housing 3 of this roll is rigidly fixed by the
 intermediate of a fastening base 4 directly to a frame 1 of the calender.
 Lower roll 5 of the first nip N.sub.1 is a soft-faced roll, and bearing
 housing 6 of this soft-faced roll 5 is attached by the intermediate of a
 fastening base 7 to a loading arm 8. Loading arm 8 is pivotally linked
 with the calender frame 1 by means of an articulation shaft 9 oriented
 transverse to the machine direction. Between the loading arm 8 and the
 calender frame 1, a loading cylinder 10 is mounted for loading the nip
 N.sub.1 and for opening the nip when desired.
 Of the rolls of the second nip N.sub.2, upper roll 11 is a soft-faced roll,
 whose bearing housing 12 is fixed, by the intermediate of a fastening base
 13, directly and rigidly to the frame 1 of the calender. In a
 corresponding manner, lower roll 14 of the nip N.sub.2 is a heatable,
 hard-faced roll, whose bearing housing 15 is fixed to a loading arm 17 by
 the intermediate of a fastening base 16. Loading arm 17 is pivotally
 linked with the calender frame 1 by means of an articulation shaft 18
 oriented transverse to the machine direction. Between the loading arm 17
 and the calender frame 1, a loading cylinder 19 is mounted for loading the
 second nip N.sub.2 is loaded and for opening the nip when desired. While
 being guided by alignment, reversing and spreader rolls 20,21,22,23
 arranged in proximity to the nips, a paper web W is guided and passed
 through both nips N.sub.1,N.sub.2 of the calender so that one side of the
 paper web is calendared in the first nip N.sub.1 of the calender, and the
 opposite side of the paper web is calendared in the second nip N.sub.2.
 FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged sectional views that illustrate the fastening
 arrangement of the upper roll of the second nip N.sub.2 in a soft calender
 as shown in FIG. 1, in which arrangement the device and method in
 accordance with the invention can be applied for fastening the roll to the
 frame construction. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fastening
 arrangement taken in the vertical plane in the longitudinal direction of
 the machine, and, in a corresponding manner, FIG. 3 is a sectional view
 taken along the line III--III in FIG. 2. In the embodiment shown in FIGS.
 2 and 3, the bearing housing 12 of the roll is provided with the fastening
 base 13, by whose means the bearing housing 12 is fixed to the frame 1 of
 the soft calender. In the area of the fastening point of the bearing
 housing 12, the frame construction 1 of the soft calender consists of a
 box beam construction, which comprises an upper wall 61, a lower wall 63,
 and side walls (FIG. 3). Onto the lower face of the lower wall 63, a
 back-up face 65 is machined, against which the fastening base 13 of the
 bearing housing is fixed.
 In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, backed-off grooves 30 are formed
 into the fastening base 13, which run in the longitudinal direction of the
 machine, i.e. perpendicularly to the roll axle, and which are T-section
 grooves in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3. Only one groove is necessary;
 however, two grooves is the preferred embodiment. Other sectional forms of
 the grooves 30 may also be utilized. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the
 T-section grooves 30 are open toward the back-up face 65 formed on the
 frame, and further, in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the T-section
 grooves 30 extend in the longitudinal direction of the machine preferably
 across the entire length of the fastening base 13. Fastening members 32,
 having a flange portion corresponding to the shape of the grooves 30, are
 arranged in the frame 1 of the calender. These members are displaceable in
 a perpendicular direction in relation to the back-up face 65.
 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fastening members 32 are plate-shaped so
 that their bottom end is provided with a T-section part or flange portion
 33, which penetrates into the T-section grooves in the fastening base 13.
 Regardless of the form of the grooves 30 and the part 33, these elements
 should ideally have a corresponding shape. Openings 31 are formed in the
 lower wall 63 of the box beam that forms the frame 1 of the calender.
 Through the openings 31, the fastening members 32 penetrate through the
 lower wall 63 into the interior of the box beam.
 Further, the fastening arrangement in accordance with the invention
 includes an elongate vertical shaft 38 having a first, lower end in
 contact with the frame 1 of the calender. Specifically, the shaft 38 has a
 flange 39 engaging with a surface of the fastening base 13. In the
 exemplifying embodiment, a through hole is formed in the lower wall 63 of
 the box beam of the frame 1, and through which hole, the shaft 38 is
 passed to extend into the box beam. The flange 39 of the shaft prevents
 upward movement of the shaft 38 since the size of the flange 39 is larger
 than the hole through which the shaft 38 passes. On the shaft 38, a washer
 37 is passed against an upper face 64 of the lower wall 63, and further a
 bushing 41 is passed around the shaft 38 and into engagement with the
 washer 37. An assembly of cup springs 34 is arranged on the bushing 41.
 The axial extension of the assembly is larger than the axial length of the
 bushing 41. A horizontal plate 35 is arranged on the spring assembly 34
 such that the shaft 38 penetrates through an aperture in the plate 35. A
 hollow cylinder 40 is arranged on the plate 35 and has an axial hole
 through which the shaft 38 extends. The top end of the shaft 38 is
 provided with a threaded portion 42 onto which a nut 43 is threaded
 against the upper end of the hollow cylinder 40. The horizontal plate 35
 extends through openings 36 formed in the fastening members 32 so that the
 fastening members 32 are suspended on the plate 35.
 The fastening arrangement also includes a locating device, i.e.,
 positioning means, which is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2. The
 locating device comprises a cylinder 44 fixed to the inner face of the
 upper wall 61 of the box beam. A wedge piece 46 is fixed to the piston rod
 45 of the cylinder 44, and, correspondingly, an opening 48 is formed for
 the wedge piece 46 in the lower wall 63 of the frame construction 1. The
 wedge piece 46 penetrates in the manner shown in FIG. 2 through an opening
 48 when the piston of the cylinder 44 is in its projecting or extending
 position. The wedge piece 46 is shaped so that the face of the wedge that
 is placed toward the fastening base 13 of the bearing housing 12 is
 substantially straight, i.e., parallel to the piston rod 45. An opposite
 side face 47 of the wedge piece 46, i.e., the face that is placed facing
 away from the fastening base 13, is shaped oblique or inclined in relation
 to the direction of movement of the cylinder 44 piston. Correspondingly,
 one side of the opening 48 is shaped inclined so that the inclination of
 the side 49 is substantially similar to the inclined face 47 of the wedge
 piece 46.
 The operation and the use of the fastening arrangement during installation
 of a roll and during removal of same, respectively, are as follows. As
 comes out from FIGS. 2 and 3, the spring assembly 34 loads the fastening
 members 32 upward with a certain force. The pre-tightening of the spring
 assembly 34 is carried out by means of the nut 43, and the rigidity of the
 spring assembly 34 and the pre-tightening produced by means of the nut 43
 are selected and arranged such that the spring force of the spring
 assembly 34 is sufficiently high in relation to the weight of the roll to
 be fastened, with all of its accessories. A suitable spring force is, for
 example, from about 3 to about times as high as the weight of the roll.
 Owing to the construction shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, an opening 62 is formed
 in the upper wall 61 of the box beam of the frame construction 1, through
 which opening, e.g., the pre-tightening can be adjusted. Once the
 pre-tightening has been adjusted correctly, the nut 43 does not need to be
 rotated further. Thus, during removal and installation of rolls, the
 pre-tightening need not be re-adjusted separately every time.
 When a roll is installed in its position by means of the fastening
 arrangement in accordance with the invention, first the piston of the
 cylinder 44 is pulled in so that the wedge piece 46 does not interfere
 with the installation of the bearing housing. By means of the cylinder 40,
 i.e., by introducing a pressure fluid through a connection 44A into a
 pressure chamber 43A defined between an annular shaped frame portion of
 the cylinder 40 and a movable annular piston 42A therein which actuates
 against plate 35, the spring assembly 34 is pressed together so that the
 fastening members 32 are shifted downward into a position in which the
 fastening base 13 can be installed in its position. After this, the roll
 is transferred, e.g., by means of a crane into a suitable position, and it
 is shifted further horizontally and in the longitudinal direction of the
 machine so that the T-section pieces 33 of the fastening members 32 fit
 into the T-section grooves 30 in the fastening base 13. The shifting of
 the roll is continued until the end of the fastening base meets the
 back-up face 51 formed onto the frame construction 1. Thereafter, the
 pressure in the hollow cylinder 40 is reduced so that the force of the
 spring assembly 34 pulls the bearing housings 12 of the roll upward,
 whereby the upper face of the fastening base reaches contact with the
 horizontal back-up face 65 formed on the frame construction. At this
 stage, the pressure in the hollow cylinder 40 should, however, not be
 released completely.
 After the fastening base 13 is arranged in its place in this manner, it is
 located in its ultimate position by means of the wedge piece 46 operated
 by means of the cylinder 44. The piston rod 45 of the cylinder 44 is
 pushed outward, whereby the inclined face 47 of the wedge piece 46 meets
 the inclined face 49 of the opening 48. In this manner, while being guided
 by these inclined faces 47,49, the wedge piece 47 is shifted downward and
 reaches contact with the end face 50 of the fastening base 13. When the
 wedge piece 47 is shifted down further, the fastening base 13 is
 positioned precisely against the back-up face 51. After this, the pressure
 can then be released ultimately out of the hollow cylinder 40, in which
 case the bearing housing 12 is in its proper operating place in the
 desired position by the intermediate of the fastening base 13 while
 supported by the fastening members 32.
 When the roll is removed, of course, the procedure is reversed, so that
 first the wedge piece 46 is pulled out and up by means of the cylinder 44,
 after which the hollow cylinder 40 is pressurized, and the roll can be
 shifted away from its place by means of a crane in the machine direction.
 The cylinder 44 of the locating device and the cylinder 40 that compresses
 the spring assembly 34 can be operated under remote control from a control
 desk, so that, in the arrangement of the invention, the replacement of
 rolls is significantly quicker and simpler, in comparison with the prior
 art.
 FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic sectional views of the application of the
 fastening arrangement in accordance with the invention to the fastening of
 the roll 5 placed in the lower position in the first nip N.sub.1 in the
 calender as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the roll
 fastening system taken in the vertical plane in the machine direction, and
 FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V--V in FIG. 4. Further,
 FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the fastening base and the
 fastening member used in the fastening as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. With
 regards to its principal structure, the fastening arrangement of FIGS. 4
 and 5 is substantially similar to the system shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, but
 is just inverted "upside down". Thus, in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5,
 the fastening base 7 which belongs to the bearing housing 6 of the roll 5
 is mounted on the loading arm 8 on a back-up face 165 formed on the
 loading arm.
 In the exemplifying embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, the loading arm 8 consists
 of a box beam construction, which comprises a lower wall 161, an upper
 wall 163, and side walls (FIG. 5). The fastening system arranged inside
 the box beam construction is substantially similar to the arrangement
 described in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3, and, thus, the fastening system
 includes a shaft 138, which is arranged in a hole formed in the upper wall
 163 of the box beam construction, having a flange 139 couple thereto or
 formed in connection therewith. The flange 139 prevents the shaft 138 from
 moving in a downward direction in the illustrations in FIGS. 4 and 5.
 Inside the box beam construction, against a lower face 164 of the upper
 wall 163, a washer 137 is placed on the shaft 138. Further, a bushing 141
 is arranged on the shaft 138, and on this bushing, a spring assembly 134
 consisting of cup springs is mounted. Underneath the spring assembly 134,
 a transverse plate 135 is mounted having an aperture through which the
 shaft 138 passes. At the opposite side of the plate 135, a hollow cylinder
 140 is mounted which comprises an axial through hole through which the
 shaft 138 extends. Further, a threaded portion 142 is formed on the shaft
 138 and a nut 143 is threaded onto the threaded portion 142 to hold the
 entire construction together.
 Further, the fastening arrangement includes fastening members 132, which
 are plate-shaped pieces and to whose end a T-section piece (flange
 portion) 133 has been formed in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 2
 and 3. In the upper wall 163 of the box beam construction, openings 131
 are formed through which the fastening members 132 penetrate. Further, in
 the fastening members 132, openings 136 are formed through which the
 transverse plate 135 arranged on the shaft 138 is passed so that the
 fastening members 132 are suspended on the transverse plate 135. In a way
 similar to the exemplifying embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, into the
 fastening base 7, T-section grooves 130 corresponding to the shape of the
 T-section pieces 133 of the fastening members 132 are formed. Into the
 grooves 103, the fastening members 132 are arranged in the way illustrated
 in FIGS. 4 and 5. In this respect, the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5 differs
 from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 so that the T-section grooves
 130 formed into the fastening base 7 are placed in the transverse
 direction of the machine. In this case, the fastening members 132 are thus
 installed in a corresponding manner. For this reason, the bearing housing
 6 and the fastening base 7 must be installed in their positions by
 shifting in the transverse direction of the machine, and not in the
 machine direction, which is the case in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3.
 However, as is illustrated particularly clearly in FIG. 6, in the fastening
 base 7, a backed-off groove 155 extending in the machine direction is also
 formed for the fastening members 132. Thus, the fastening members 132 are
 shaped in a corresponding way so that the shape of the T-section pieces
 133 of the fastening members 132 corresponds to the shape of the
 backed-off groove 155 placed in the machine direction. As such, the
 extension of the T-section pieces 133 in the transverse direction of the
 machine is, in a way corresponding to the shape of the groove 155, larger
 than the extension of the plate-like part of the fastening members 132.
 This construction permits installation of the bearing housings 6 and the
 fastening bases 7 also in the machine direction, as in the embodiment
 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
 Further, the fastening arrangement includes a locating device, which
 comprises an elongate cylinder 144 fixed at one end to the lower wall 161
 of the box beam construction. At an opposed end of the cylinder 144, a
 piston rod 145 of the cylinder is connected to a wedge piece 146 having a
 face placed facing toward the fastening base 7 which is substantially
 parallel to the movement of the piston rod 145. An opposite face 147 of
 the wedge piece 146 is inclined and wedge-shaped. For the wedge piece 146,
 an opening 148 is formed in the upper wall 163 of the box beam
 construction, which opening is shaped similarly to the shape of the wedge
 piece 146 so that the side of the opening 148 that is placed at the side
 of the fastening base 7 is straight, and the opposite side, i.e. the side
 149 that is placed facing away from the fastening base 7, is inclined and
 forms a back-up face for the inclined face 147 of the wedge piece 146.
 In the embodiment of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the installation of the roll is
 carried out as follows. First, by means of the nut 143, the spring
 assembly 134 is tightened to the desired pre-tightening level, and by
 means of the cylinder 140, the spring assembly 134 is pressed together,
 whereby the fastening members 132 are pushed to their upper position.
 Owing to the construction shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, an opening 162 is formed
 in the upper wall 161 of the box beam 8 of the frame construction, through
 which opening, e.g., the pre-tightening can be adjusted. As described
 above, the adjustment of the pre-tightening is carried out just once, and
 after this, the pre-tightening is not interfered with during replacement
 of rolls. For the installation of the bearing housing 6 into its position,
 the piston of the cylinder 144 of the locating device has, of course, been
 pulled into the cylinder, so that the wedge piece 146 does not interfere
 with the installation of the fastening base 7. After this, the roll is
 installed in its position, and this can be performed in two alternative
 ways.
 First, the roll can be installed into its position so that is shifted into
 its position in the axial direction of the roll, i.e. in the transverse
 direction of the machine, in which case the T-section grooves 130 in the
 fastening base 7 meet the T-section pieces 133 of the fastening members
 132. The roll is shifted in the transverse direction until it is in the
 desired position, after which some of the pressure can be released from
 the cylinder 140. After this, the piston rod 145 of the cylinder 144 of
 the locating device is pushed outward so that the inclined face 147 of the
 wedge piece 146 glides against the similarly inclined side 149 of the
 opening 148. In this manner, the opposite face of the wedge piece 146
 meets a back-up face 150 of the fastening base 7 and forces the fastening
 base 7 to move along the plane face 165 so that the fastening base 7 is
 placed against a precisely machined back-up face 151 of a back-up piece
 166 arranged in the box beam construction. When the fastening base 7 is in
 tight contact with the back-up face 151, the pressure in the cylinder 140
 can be released completely, in which case the spring assembly 134 pulls
 the fastening members 132 down in the illustrations of FIGS. 4 and 5 and
 tightens the fastening base 7 tightly into its position in the desired
 location. Removal of the roll 5 out of its place is carried out by
 performing the operations described above in the reverse sequence.
 In the exemplifying embodiment of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the roll 5 can also be
 installed into its position in an alterative way. Since, in this
 exemplifying embodiment, a backed-off groove 155 that extends in the
 machine direction is also formed in the fastening base 7, the roll can be
 installed into its position by shifting it in the machine direction. Then,
 the installation of the roll into its position is carried out so that
 first, by operating the cylinder 140, the fastening members 132 are
 shifted to their upper position. At this stage, the cylinder 144 of the
 locating device is, of course, in the retracted position. Then, the roll 5
 can be installed into its position by shifting it in the machine direction
 so that the T-section pieces 133 on the fastening members 132 meet the
 backed-off groove 155, the roll 5 being shifted in the machine direction
 far enough until the side of the fastening base 7 meets the back-up face
 151. After this, some of the pressure in the cylinder 140 can be released
 and, by operating the cylinder 144 of the locating device, the fastening
 base 7 is shifted ultimately to its correct position so that the fastening
 base 7 is placed tightly against the back-up face 151. Thereafter, the
 pressure can be released completely from the cylinder 140, whereby the
 roll is in its desired position. Thus, in the embodiment of FIGS. 4, 5 and
 6, the roll can be replaced either by using a crane or by using a roll
 replacement carriage.
 FIG. 7 is an illustration corresponding to FIG. 4 of an alternative
 embodiment of the application of the fastening arrangement in accordance
 with the invention to the fastening of the roll 5 placed in the lower
 position in the first nip N.sub.1 in the calender as shown in FIG. 1. As
 will come out from the following description, the sectional view of FIG.
 7, which is a sectional view taken in the vertical plane in the machine
 direction of the roll fastening system, shows an arrangement in accordance
 with the invention which is preferable to that shown in FIG. 4. Further,
 FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view corresponding to FIG. 6 of the
 fastening base and fastening member that are used in the fastening device
 shown in FIG. 7.
 In the illustration of FIG. 7, similar to FIG. 4, a loading arm 8a
 comprises a box beam construction including a lower wall 261, an upper
 wall 263 having a lower face 264, and side walls (not shown in FIG. 7).
 The fastening system, which is arranged in the interior of the box beam
 construction, includes a shaft 238 arranged to extend through a hole
 formed in a fastening piece or member 270. Shaft 238 is suspended on a
 flange 239 which prevents the shaft 238 from moving in a downward
 direction in the illustration of FIG. 7, i.e., from passing completely
 through the member 270. Against the lower face of the fastening piece 270,
 a washer 237 is placed around the shaft 238. Further, a bushing 241 is
 arranged on the shaft 238, and onto this bushing, a spring assembly 234
 consisting of at least one cup spring is installed. Underneath the spring
 assembly 234, i.e., at end of the bushing 241 opposite the washer 237, a
 transverse plate 235 is mounted. Plate 235 has an aperture through which
 the shaft 238 freely passes. At the opposite side of the plate 235 (the
 other side which does not engage with the spring assembly 234), a hollow
 cylinder 240 is installed. Cylinder 240 comprises a through axial hole
 through which the shaft 238 extends. In a manner similar to the
 embodiments described above, a threaded portion 242 is formed on the shaft
 238 and a nut 243 is threaded onto this threaded portion. Nut 243 thus
 functions to hold the construction together.
 As explained in the embodiments described above, the fastening arrangement
 further includes fastening members 232, which are, also in this
 embodiment, plate-shaped pieces and to whose ends T-section pieces 233 are
 formed, as described above. Through openings 231 are formed in the
 fastening piece 270 and through which openings 231, the fastening members
 232 pass. Into the fastening members 232, openings 236 are formed, through
 which the transverse plate 235 arranged on the shaft 238 passes so that
 the fastening members 232 are suspended on the transverse plate 235.
 Similar to the embodiments described above, into the fastening base 7a,
 T-section grooves 230 corresponding to the shape of the T-section pieces
 233 on the fastening members 232 are formed. The fastening members 232 are
 arranged in the grooves 230 as shown in FIG. 7. The T-section grooves 230
 are placed in the transverse direction of the machine. In the embodiment
 of FIG. 7, similar T-section grooves 255 that extend in the machine
 direction are formed additionally in the fastening base 7a. The shape and
 location of the grooves 230,255 are shown in more detail in FIG. 8.
 The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs essentially from the embodiment
 shown in FIG. 4 in the following manner. In order that both the T-section
 grooves 230 that extend in the transverse direction of the machine and the
 grooves 255 that extend in the machine direction, formed in the fastening
 base 7a, can be utilized, it is obvious that it must be possible to rotate
 the fastening members 232 from the position shown in FIG. 7 through a
 rotation of about 90.degree.. This comes out from FIG. 7 clearly so that
 the fastening arrangement is installed by means of the shaft 238 on the
 fastening piece 270 and not directly on the box construction, which was
 the case in the preceding embodiments. To this end, in the upper wall 263
 of the box construction, an opening is formed, which is shaped as a cone
 that becomes narrower in an upward directions. In a corresponding manner,
 the fastening piece 270 is shaped conical so that a conical face 272 of
 the opening in the upper wall 263 and a conical face 271 on the fastening
 piece 270 fit against each other. Thus, when the fastening base 7a has not
 been arranged in its correct position, the fastening piece 270 can be
 rotated around the axis of rotation passing through the shaft 238 to its
 proper position.
 A cylinder part 273 is fixed to the fastening piece 270 and serves to
 enclose the fastening members 232, the spring assembly 234 and the hollow
 cylinder 240, with the related devices included in the fastening
 arrangement, within its cylindrical interior space. On the lower wall 261
 of the box construction, underneath the cylinder part 273, a support ring
 274 is fixed by means of screws 276 or equivalent fastening members.
 Support ring 274 prevents the fastening system from falling down when the
 fastening base 7a is not fitted in its correct position. In such a case,
 the cylinder part 273 rests on the support ring 274 whereby a top face 275
 of the support ring 274 is formed as a bearing face. While being supported
 on this top face 275, the cylinder part 273 and, thus, also the fastening
 piece 270 with the related devices, can be rotated so that the fastening
 members become parallel to the T-section grooves 255 placed in the machine
 direction. The arrangement may further include stops (not shown) which
 limit the movement of rotation mentioned above to about 90.degree. between
 the machine direction and the transverse direction.
 In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the locating device also differs from the
 embodiments described above in that it comprises a cylinder 244 having a
 piston rod 245 and fixed to the lower wall 261 of the box beam
 construction, and a guide pin 246 mounted on the piston rod 245 of the
 cylinder. Correspondingly, a hole 250 is formed in the fastening base 7a,
 into which hole the guide pin 246 fits precisely. One end 247 of the guide
 pin 246 (opposite to that end mounted to the piston rod 245) is shaped
 conical in order that the guide pin 246 can penetrate into the hole 250
 more readily to precisely position the fastening base 7a in its place.
 In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, the installation of the roll into its
 position is carried out as follows. First, depending on whether the roll
 is installed into its position, for example, by means of a crane in the
 machine direction or, for example, by using a roll replacement carriage in
 the transverse direction of the machine, the fastening members 232 are
 rotated to the correct position while the cylinder part 273 rests on the
 bearing face 275 of the support ring 274. After this, the spring assembly
 234 is pressed together by means of the cylinder 240, whereby the
 fastening members 232 are pushed into their upper position. Then, the
 piston 245 of the cylinder 244 of the locating device is pulled into its
 inner position. When the fastening members 232 are in their upper
 position, the fastening base 7a is fitted into its position on a back-up
 face 265 of the upper wall 263 so that the T-section grooves 230 or 255,
 respectively, in the fastening base 7a meet and engage with the T-section
 pieces 233 on the fastening members 232. Depending on the mode of
 installation, the roll is shifted either in the transverse direction or in
 the machine direction until it is in the desired location, after which at
 least some of the pressure can be released from the cylinder 240. After
 this, the piston rod 245 of the cylinder 244 of the locating device is
 pushed outward (upward) so that the conical end 247 of the guide pin 246
 meets the hole 250 placed in the fastening base 7a and enters into the
 same. The conical end 247 of the guide pin 246 guides the fastening base
 7a ultimately to its correct position so that the guide pin 246 can be
 finally pushed fully out into the position shown in FIG. 7. When the guide
 pin 246 has been pushed out fully, the pressure can be released completely
 from the cylinder 240, whereby the spring assembly 234 pulls the fastening
 members 232 down in the illustration of FIG. 7 and tightens the fastening
 base 7a tightly into its position into the desired position and also fixes
 the fastening piece 270 tightly into its position as the conical faces
 271,272 are placed against each other. The removal of the roll 5 out of
 its position is carried out by performing the operations described above
 in the reverse sequence.
 Above, the invention has been described by way of example with reference to
 the figures in the accompanying drawing. The invention is, however, not
 confined to the exemplifying embodiments shown in the figures alone, but
 various modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea.
 Thus, for example, in the figures in the drawing it is shown that the
 actuator or displacement means by whose means the roll is tightened into
 its position is a spring assembly 34,134,234 consisting of cup springs. Of
 course, it is obvious that, instead of a cup spring assembly, it is
 possible to use a spring of some other type, such as, for example, a
 spiral spring or equivalent. Also, as an actuator, instead of spring
 assembly 34,134,234, it is probably possible to use, for example, a wedge
 shoe or an equivalent device. However, at least at the present stage,
 spring assembly 34,134,234 appears to be the preferred embodiment in the
 device and method in accordance with the invention.
 As the actuator means by whose means the tightening force produced by the
 spring assembly 34,134,234 is released, in the embodiments described
 above, a cylinder 40,140,240, in particular a hydraulic cylinder, is used.
 This is also the most advantageous mode of accomplishing the invention,
 but, of course, the tightening force of the spring assembly 34,134,234 can
 also be released in other ways. Further, in the exemplifying embodiments
 described above, the locating device of the arrangement in accordance with
 the invention has been accomplished by means of a hydraulic cylinder
 44,144,244 and a wedge piece 46,146 or a guide pin 246. Instead of these
 members, it is also possible to use some other actuator or device by whose
 means the bearing housing 6,12 can be placed precisely in its correct
 position. The exemplifying embodiments described herein are, however, some
 of the most advantageous modes of carrying out the solution.
 Further alternatives and embodiments of the invention may show variation
 within the scope of the inventive idea defined in the accompanying patent
 claims.