Fluid restricting valve

A restrictor is mounted within a passage of a control valve. The restrictor includes an annular disc having openings for the passage of fluid therethrough. The restrictor also includes a conical element coaxial with the annular disc. The restrictor limits the maximum discharge rate of fluid through the passage of the control valve.

The present invention relates to a system for fluid flow control utilising 
a restrictor valve which is adapted for insertion near one or more outlet 
orifices in a fluid supply network thereby enabling control of the 
discharge of the fluid at the outlet orifice or orifices. 
In the past numerous problems have existed in water supply reticulation 
networks relating to uneveness and irregularity of water flow at outlets 
in the system. The problems have hitherto previously been evident in small 
domestic water reticulation systems and also in larger systems where an 
array of outlets are disposed in series whereby one outlet in the array is 
proximate to the water source and subsequent outlets in the array are 
increasingly more distant from the water source. A pressure gradient is 
normally present along outlets in a series configuration. 
This phenomenon of pressure irregularity is common where the array of 
outlets are vertically separated relative to the water source, such as 
where an elevated storage tank supplies water by gravity, or where the 
outlets are substantially horizontally separated from a source such as a 
mains pressure water storage tank. 
The problems of uneven pressure have originated in a number of ways; 
(ignoring for the purposes of this description distribution pipeline 
sizes, frictional effects between the water and the pipe wall). 
Firstly, when water emanates from a pressurised source whether under 
gravity or under mechanically generated pressure such as mains pressure 
and when that water must feed a multiplicity of outlets whether in series 
or in parallel for the same source pressure, the outlets at the extremity 
of the supply network, when all or some of the outlets are in operation, 
suffer a dramatic reduction in pressure as the water attempts to escape 
through the upstream outlets before reaching the downstream outlets. A 
variation in pressure at each outlet will occur over the length of the 
discharge line to which the outlets are connected. 
The same phenomenon will occur whether the outlets are disposed 
substantially horizontally to the supply source or substantially 
vertically relative to the supply source. 
A dramatic reduction can occur where mains pressure must reach substantial 
heights above the ground. This can occur in home units or multi storey 
dwellings when outlets are situated on each floor. The outlets on the 
lower floors tend to deprive the outlets on the upper floors of fluid, 
creating the uneven pressure distribution. 
To a certain extent, especially in showers, the problem is ameliorated by 
the restricting effect of the conventional shower roseas but it is not 
regulated to an acceptable level. 
Where a water reticulation system has showers which have water mixing 
fittings there is usually a variation in the pressure between the cold 
water supply and hot water supply. This can occur if the cold water supply 
is mains pressure and the hot water supply is gravity fed for instance. It 
can also occur when losses occur in a mains pressure hot water system. 
This results in a build up in the mixing riser of back pressure in the line 
of highest pressure. 
When the flow is restricted at the shower head the higherpressure takes 
over making the combined mixed flow from the shower head difficult to 
proPerly control. When there is a drop in hot water pressure the cold 
water pressure may force the hot water valve cock jumper valve closed or 
cause a back surge of cold water through the hot water pipe. The reverse 
occurs if the hot water pressure is the greater. 
A further problem that exists in water reticulation systems occurs when 
opening and closing of valve cocks in the reticulation system causes 
pressure fluctuations in other outlets in the system. In domestic 
reticulation systems this phenomenon is noticeable when a person showering 
may detect a reduction either in temperature or pressure or both, as a 
result of the activation of another valve cock in the same reticulation 
system elsewhere in the house. 
The present invention seeks to overcome these and other problems by 
providing a regulated fluid flow system which incorporates a restricting 
valve for achieving a relatively constant discharge pressure at each 
orifice or orifices in the system. 
It is an advantage of the present invention that substantial savings in 
water consumption and energy bills can be made when the restricting valve 
is installed at or near outlets in a reticulation system. 
In its broadest form the present invention comprises a system for the 
regulation of fluid flow at an outlet orifice or orifices in a pipe or 
pipe network, said system comprising: 
a source of fluid supply to a distribution pipe or network of pipes each 
having an outlet orifice or orifices respectively, 
a control valve or valves located in said pipe or in each pipe in said 
network between said source of fluid supply and said orifice or orifices, 
a restricting valve adapted for insertion into each of said control valve 
or valves to control the fluid flow and discharge pressure of the fluid 
therethrough at the said orifice or orifices such that a predetermined 
maximum discharge pressure is maintained at each of said orifice or 
orifices but at a pressure below the available maximum fluid supply 
pressure when said control valve or valves are fully open. 
The means for regulating the fluid flow at the outlet orifice or orifices 
in a reticulation network comprises a restricting valve inserted in a 
control valve or valves in said network and whose shape and configuration 
is such that relatively noiseless pressure control is maintained at each 
orifice. 
The insertion of the restricting valves in the network has the effect of 
causing even pressure distribution at each orifice and almost complete 
elimination of the pressure gradient which nOrmally occurs when 
unrestricted outlets are in series from a supply source. 
The orifice discharge pressures are, by the insertion of the restricting 
valve at each orifice in the network set so that they cannot exceed a 
predetermined maximum and when that maximum is achieved at one discharge 
orifice, other discharge orifices in series with the firstmentioned 
orifice do not exceed the predetermined maximum pressure irrespective of 
the proximity of an orifice in the network relative to the fluid source 
where the supply pressure is usually highest. 
The restrictor is preferably inserted within control valve cocks in the 
reticulation network and in particular in valve seats in the control valve 
cocks. 
In another form the invention comprises 
a restricting valve adapted for insertion in a control valve in a fluid 
supply line or lines to restrict the flow of fluid at an outlet or outlets 
in said fluid supply line or lines, said restricting valve comprising, 
a first substantially planar element having at least one hole penetrating 
therethrough, and 
a second element interconnected with said first element; 
wherein, when the restricting valve is inserted in a fluid supply line the 
configuration of the restricting valve regulates the discharge rate of the 
fluid at the outlet orifice such that said discharge rate does not exceed 
a predetermined maximum valve. 
In an alternative form the present invention comprises a fluid flow 
restricting valve which is adapted to be fitted into the seat portion of a 
valve cock; said restricting valve comprising a first portion and a second 
portion connected to each other; said first portion having a stem fixedly 
attached to a substantially planar annular plate which has a sealing means 
mounted thereon adapted to engage the seat in the valve cock; the annular 
Plate having a substantially annular projection extending substantially 
normally therefrom; the said second portion comprising a valve body 
attached to the said annular projection, said valve body comprising a 
columnar projection adapted to fit within the fluid flow passage of the 
valve cock; wherein when the said valve cock is turned on to allow the 
passage of fluid therethrough, the action of the fluid on the restrictor 
valve causes the restrictor valve to travel within the fluid flow passage 
whereby the columnar projection of the valve body controls the flow of the 
fluid past the valve body thereby restricting the flow of the fluid such 
that fluid back pressure is reduced. 
In the preferred embodiment of this form of the invention, the restricting 
valve is made from a brass or plastics material and the first portion of 
the restrictor valve is comprised of a conventional jumper valve. This 
conventional valve is modified in such a way that a valve body is fixedly 
attached to the annular projection of the jumper valve. Preferably, the 
jumper valve and the valve body comprise two portions of the restrictor 
valve and are cast or moulded in one piece. Conceivably, however, the two 
portions could be detachably connected to one another where required. 
Preferably, the valve body consists of a substantially annular columnar 
projection which is proportioned to fit inside a fluid flow passage of a 
conventional valve cock. The fluid flow Passage is in this instance 
located within a modified seat housed within the valve cock. 
In another from the present invention comprises 
a valve assembly for restricting and controlling the passage of a fluid in 
a fluid supply line; said assembly comprising, 
a spindle adapted for sealing engagement with a valve seat, 
a restricting valve adapted for insertion in a passage in said valve seat, 
wherein, when said restrictor is inserted in said valve seat said 
restricting valve regulates the discharge rate of the fluid at an outlet 
orifice in the said fluid supply line such that it does not exceed a 
predetermined maximum valve. 
Preferably the valve assembly is adapted for fitting to a conventional 
valve cock or tap.

Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a restricting valve 1 according to a 
preferred embodiment and which is adapted for insertion into a valve cock 
or cocks located in a fluid flow reticulation network. 
The restricting valve 1 comprises an annular disc 2 and a diametrically 
smaller truncated conical portion 3 which attaches to the disc 2. The 
annular disc 2 ideally has four holes 4 each of which are of the same 
diameter. Also, the holes 4 are ideally spaced equidistant from the 
central axis of the restricting valve. FIG. 1 shows the Preferred 
restricting valve from a number of different views to enable a full 
perception of its shape and configuration. 
Field tests have shown that the shape and configuration of the restricting 
valve as depicted in FIG. 1 is functionally efficient. 
FIG. 2 shows the restricting valve of FIG. 1 inserted in a valve cock seat 
5. The annular disc 2 of the restrictor 1 engages an annular recess 6 at 
the base of the valve seat 5. When in use, the seat 5 is located in a 
conventional valve cock which is in turn located in a pipe network 
preferably in the proximity of a fluid outlet orifice. 
The seat 5 is fitted by means of the thread 8 to a conventional tap or 
similar valve arrangement (not shown). 
In use fluid from feed pipes passes axially along the passage 7 via holes 4 
in restricting valve 1. The presence of the valve 1 inhibits the flow of 
the fluid such that irrespective of the supply pressure on the upstream 
side of the restricting valve the pressure on the downstream side of the 
restricting valve can be restricted so as not to exceed a predetermined 
maximum value. This effect is repeated at each outlet irrespective of the 
number of additional outlets which may be present in the reticulation 
network. The pressure at each outlet can be made the same according the 
type of restricting valve which is inserted near an outlet. It can also be 
varied by changing the configuration of the valve at different outlets 
according to requirements. 
FIG. 3 shows the restricting valve according to an alternative embodiment 
wherein the annular disc 2 is adapted with a thread 9 for threadable 
insertion into a valve seat 10 as shown in FIG. 4. In the embodiment of 
FIG. 4 the valve seat 10 is shown threadably adapted to a conventional 
valve cock 46. 
In operation this restricting valve can be screwed into the threaded base 
of the valve seat 10. Fluid passes through the holes 11 in the annular 
disc 12 of the restricting valve and then passes between the cone 13 and 
the inner wall of the valve seat 10 via passage 14. The holes 11 act to 
restrict fluid flow and cause a consequent decrease in pressure on the 
downstream side of the restricting valve. 
At a given flow rate there is a decrease in pressure between the holes 11 
and the portion of the fluid flow passage designated with numeral 15. 
At position 15 the velocity of the fluid is reduced. 
Referring to FIG. 5 there is shown a restricting valve 19 according to a 
preferred embodiment comprising a first portion and a second portion. The 
first portion is similar to and comprises a conventional jumper valve 20. 
The second portion is essentially comprised of a valve body 21. 
The jumper valve according to conventional design is comprised of an 
elongated stem 22 which is adapted to fit inside an axial passage of a 
valve cock spindle (not shown). The stem 22 is fixedly connected to an 
annular disc 23. The disc 23 has a flat annular under surface 24 and is 
concentric with an annular protrusion 25. Protrusion 25 is fixedly 
attached to the surface 26 of disc 23. Detachably abutting to surface 26 
is annular sealing washer 27. 
Annular sealing washer 27 has an orifice 27 at its middle which forms an 
inner circle through which protrusion 25 passes. The washer 27 is held in 
position largely by the friction imparted by the close fit between the 
protrusion 25 and the inner circle periphery of the washer 27. With the 
stem 22 being guided in the axial passage of the spindle the washer 27 can 
then sit on the seat 29 of the valve cock (not shown) in correct 
alignment. When the valve cock is closed the compressive force on the 
jumper valve squeezes the washer 27 between the disc 23 and the seat 29 
thereby preventing the passage of fluid through the valve cock. 
The present invention according to this embodiment does not change the 
operation of the jumper valve 20 inasmuch as it acts in sealing the fluid 
supply orifice in the typical valve cock. 
The present invention according to one embodiment incorporates in one unit 
a jumper valve and a valve body wherein the jumper valve with the 
assistance of washer 27 acts to cut off the fluid supply and the valve 
body 21 acts to restrict the flow of fluid thereby controlling the 
delivery pressure of the water at the outlet of a valve cock. 
The restricting valve body 21 is joined with the jumper valve 20 by means 
of the protrusion 25. 
Extending axially from and connected to the protrusion 25 is an elongated 
annular column 30 (see FIG. 6) which is proportioned to fit within the 
orifice 28 of seat 29. 
Where necessary, existing valve cocks can have their seats modified to 
threadably receive a substitute seat (such as that shown in FIG. 8) 
specially proportioned to receive the columnar member 30. 
The columnor member 30 is proportioned to a diameter to ensure a close fit 
between its walls 31 and 32 and the inner walls 33 and 34 respectively of 
the valve seat 29. 
The clearance between the walls 31 and 33 and 32 and 34 respectively is 
designed to decrease the velocity of the water as it flows from the source 
upstream of the restricting valve to its destination downstream of the 
restrictor valve. 
When a conventional valve cock is to be modified by the insertion of the 
restricting valve according to this embodiment of the invention, the 
conventional seat in the valve cock body must be altered to receive the 
restricting valve body. Firstly, the existing hole in the valve cock must 
be threaded by cOnventional means to provide for the threadable insertion 
of the restricting valve seat 29. 
The seat 29 is comprised of a cylindrical main body 35 with a passage 28 
extending therethrough. 
Attached to the upper portion of cylindrical body 35 is an annular flange 
36. The engagement of the flange 36 and cylindrical body 35 form a 
shoulder 37 which engages the seat surface of the existing seat in the 
valve cock (not shown). 
The slots 38 provide a means for a tightening tool to screw the seat 29 
into position. 
Once the seat 29 is in position `O` ring 39 provides a seal between the 
seat and the valve body. 
The restricting valve can then be inserted into the orifice 28 of the seat 
29. 
FIG. 6 shows the restrictor in use as incorporated with the seat. 
The columnar member 30 fits snugly in orifice 28. Member 30 by its shear 
volume severely restricts the velocity of the fluid flow through the 
orifice due to the decrease in the orifice cross sectional area. The fluid 
can only pass between the walls 31 and 33 and 32 and 34. 
In order to maintain the restriction to the flow, it is essential that at 
least some part of walls 31 and 32 are opposing walls 33 and 34 within 
passage 28. If the columnar member 21 were to depart axially from orifice 
28 the restricting effect would be reduced. 
FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention showing the 
columnar member 30 of the valve body 21 tapered inwardly towards its 
central axis. 
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the restricting valve showing the 
columnar member abbreviated. 
In this embodiment the jumper valve is shown according to the conventional 
design with the restricting valve body comprising an abbreviated annular 
column member 40 with an inward taper 41. 
The taper 41 ends at an elongated stem 42. This restricting valve fits 
inside a complementary orifice arrangement 43 within valve seat 44. 
The valve seat 44 in this embodiment is fitted by means of threaded portion 
46 to the existing seat (not shown) in a conventional valve cock assembly. 
The tapered surface 41 abuts the opposing surface 45 which provides a 
seating surface. 
It has been found in tests that the various shapes and configurations of 
the restricting valve bodies do impart different performance 
characteristics. 
Experiment has shown that the optimum shapes resemble those shown in FIGS. 
1 and 5. 
As an alternative to providing a restricting valve moulded in one unit, the 
valve can be composed of a detachable two part member having the jumper 
valve portion adapted to threadably receive the restricting valve body 
portion. 
FIGS. 9a, b and c shows three alternative valve bodies adapted to 
threadably engage with the protrusion 25 of a jumper valve. For 
convenience, the valve body can be detached from the jumper valve when no 
restriction of fluid flow is required. 
The restricting valve of the present invention has been successfully tested 
and used to restrict flow in several fitments in series and also to 
restrict flow and eliminate undesirable back pressure in conventional 
fluid mixer fittings. 
Where the discharge rate of fluid through the valve cocks in a water system 
is in excess of the required flow rate, this causes a distinct pressure 
drop across the system especially during peak periods when several 
fitments are in and out of use. 
FIG. 10 depicts graphically the test results from experimental insertion of 
a restricting valve in a shower mixer system comprising one outlet. 
The graPh shows the dramatic decrease in back pressure for an increase in 
flow rate. 
As can be seen from the graph, the installation of the restricting valve of 
the present invention results in the almost complete elimination of back 
pressure in the mixing riser which would occur in the riser otherwise. 
Another advantage of the restricting valve is that it enables a set maximum 
volume of mixed water to flow through the outlet. The amount of flow can 
be regulated when a flow is desired below the maximum volume. 
Known restricting devices such as those which are placed at the outlet on a 
shower fitting, for instance, do not allow controlled adjustment of the 
flow especially when control valve cocks nearest the fluid supply are 
fully open. 
The portion of the graph designated A indicates the effect of a restriction 
caused by a shower head. 
The portion marked B indicates the dramatically decreased back pressure 
with the installation of a restricting valve in the valve cock body 
according to the present invention. 
The valves have been tested on multiple series shower fittings with the 
result being that there is a decrease in back pressure in each mixer 
fitting. 
Also, the pressure gradient across the series of showers is shown to be 
dramatically decreased. 
When the valves are installed in hot water valve cocks the result is that a 
constant predetermined flow of hot water can be achieved thus resulting in 
considerable energy cost savings. This is balanced by a variable flow of 
cold water through the valve cocks. 
Thus, in one application, the valve effectively places a governor on hot 
water usage, which tests have shown, results in these considerable energy 
cost savings. 
Field tests have shown that when a series of restricting valves are 
installed in a water reticulation network water savings of at least 22% 
have been recorded and savings of at least 28% have been recorded for 
energy usage after variables have been taken into account such as 
temperature of the water and number of people using the system at any 
particular time. 
In the fluid control system with restrictors installed near various outlets 
a fluid and energy saving is made as each outlet is restricted to a 
maximum PG,14 pressure and flow rate which is below the delivery pressure 
in the lines which feed to the various orifices. 
A relatively constant pressure and temperature is therefore maintained at 
each outlet when other taps are turned on. Furthermore, back pressure at 
the taps or valve cocks is eliminated due to the control of the volume of 
fluid at mixing sets. 
It has been found that performance characteristics vary according to the 
particular shape and configuration of the restricting valves installed in 
a network. 
The following results were achieved using three different restrictors each 
of different diameters. 
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PRESSURE IN 
STATIC PRESSURE RESTRICTOR 
KPa FLOW RATE REGION 
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600 3 L/M 530 
600 4.25 L/M 420 
600 6.5 L/M 180 
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It will be obvious to persons skilled in the art that numerous variations 
and modifications can be made to the invention as broadly described herein 
without departing from the overall spirit and scope of the invention.