Apparatus for conveying particulate material by spring expansion and contraction

Apparatus is disclosed for moving particulate material such as alumina toward an outlet to a container while minimizing dispersion of dust into the atmosphere. The apparatus includes at least one coil spring which is disposed generally horizontally in the container with one end anchored to the container and the other end, which is disposed near the outlet, connected to a lever arm and crank for cyclically extending and contracting the spring. Such cyclic extension and contraction of the spring moves or at least encourages the flow of the particulate material to the outlet for gravity discharge therefrom and essentially eliminates problems of bridging and rat holes in the material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of Art 
This invention relates to apparatus for moving particulate material such as 
alumina toward the outlet of a bin or along the length of an elongate 
feeder duct. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
Systems for conveying particulate material and for discharging such 
material from bins or other containers are well known in the art. For 
example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,681,229 discloses an alumina feeder in which a 
gas permeable hose is disposed in a conveyor duct for fluidizing alumina 
in the duct so the alumina will flow through the duct. That patent further 
discloses metering apparatus in which alumina is fluidized to cause it to 
move therethrough. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,212,624 discloses a vibratory screw feeder in which an 
auger pushes particulate material through a casing and which includes leaf 
springs mounted on the casing to vibrate it to produce a uniform density 
of material and more accurately control flow. U.S. Pat. No. 3,166,222 
discloses a vibratory bin agitator to promote free uniform flow of powdery 
material from the bin. An aeriform fluid may be supplied through the stem 
of the vibrating mechanism to discharge into the material to further 
inhibit any tendencies of the powdery materials to bridge in the bin. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,754,685 is addressed to a discharge apparatus in which a 
cable having a plurality of spaced apart cone-shaped conveying elements on 
it is reciprocated back and forth to both agitate and convey material. The 
patent discloses use of such apparatus for conveying materials such as 
logs or wood chips. U.S. Pat. No. 2,607,514 is of interest for its 
disclosure of a powder dispenser with a conical coiled spring having its 
base fixedly secured and its apex pinned to the upper end of a rod which 
is reciprocated vertically to agitate powder and prevent it from being 
caked in the container. 
Despite the numerous systems that are available for moving particulate 
materials, an improved system is desired which will convey powdery 
particulate material with a minimum of dust being dispersed into the 
atmosphere while also avoiding the other problems of bridging and 
non-uniform feeding rates. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
This invention provides an improved system for moving powdery particulate 
material to the outlet of a bin or along the length of a conveyor duct 
using a coil spring which is cyclically extended and contracted to move 
the powdery material without dispersing dust into the atmosphere. The 
spring has one end connected to the container and extends substantially 
horizontally from such connection to the outlet where the spring is 
connected to means for cyclically extending and contracting the spring. 
Such cyclic extension and contraction of the spring causes the powdery 
particulate material to move toward the outlet of the container for 
gravity discharge therefrom. 
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide means for conveying 
powdery material which minimizes dispersion of dust into the atmosphere. 
Another object of this invention is to provide means for reducing the 
effective angle of repose of powder in a bin in order to permit more 
usable discharge of powder from the bin. 
Another object of this invention is to provide apparatus for conveying 
powdery material and preventing the material from bridging in the 
container. 
A further object of this invention is to provide a coil spring which is 
cyclically extended and contracted in a container of powdery material to 
cause the powdery material to move along the length of the spring. 
The above and other objects and advantages of this invention will be more 
fully understood and appreciated with reference to the following 
description and the drawings attached hereto.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 illustrates an ore bin 10 which includes a housing 12 for containing 
ore 14 and means for reducing the effective angle of repose of the ore in 
the bin in accordance with this invention. The housing 12 has an open top 
for feeding ore into the bin and has a valved outlet 16 for discharge of 
ore from the bin into another container such as an electrolytic cell not 
shown. The outlet 16 includes four openings 18 in the bottom of the bin 
around a feeder housing 20 which has a feeder valve 22 in its base for 
controlling the discharge of ore from the bin. The housing 20 also has 
opening 19 in its wall for flow of ore into the housing and through outlet 
16. A hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder not shown in the feeder housing 20 
operates the valve 22 in response to external controls also not shown. The 
openings 18 in the bottom of the bin 10 feed the ore 14 into a conical 
section 24 around the base of the feeder housing 20 for flow of ore 
therethrough and discharge through the valve opening. 
The purpose of the ore bin 10 is to hold a supply of ore 14 such as alumina 
for periodic controlled feeding of the ore as for example into an 
electrolytic cell. The bin is filled periodically as the supply of ore in 
it is depleted. For best operation of the bin, the ore should be 
substantially completely discharged therefrom without bridging of the ore 
in the bin. Additionally, most of the ore should be discharged from the 
bin between feeding to effectively use the full capacity of the bin. 
Accordingly, the angle of repose of the ore in the bin should preferably 
be relatively low so most of the ore can be discharged from the bin. It is 
therefore important that means be provided for avoiding bridging of ore in 
the bin and for moving ore from the left-hand side thereof to the outlet 
in the right-hand side of the bin for discharge through the outlet. 
In accordance with this invention a plurality of helically coiled springs 
26 are provided in the ore bin for moving the ore toward the outlet 16 of 
the bin, reducing the angle of repose of the ore in the bin and preventing 
bridging of ore. In the embodiment selected for illustration, four such 
coil springs 26 are provided. The springs 26 are fixedly secured to the 
wall 28 of the bin at a location removed from the outlet 16 and are 
connected at the other end to means for cyclically expanding and 
compressing the springs to move particulate material toward the outlet of 
the bin. 
The apparatus for cycling the springs 26 may include a housing 30 (dust 
tight) with a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 32 in it, a clevis 34 on the 
end of the cylinder rod 36, a crank arm 38, two spring arms 40 and a pivot 
shaft 42. The pivot shaft 42 extends through the housing 30 and has a 
spring arm 40 fixedly attached on each end of the shaft on opposite sides 
of the housing so turning of the shaft by rotation of the crank arm will 
rotate the spring arms. The springs 26 which are attached to opposite ends 
of the spring arms will be extended and contracted by rotation of the 
spring arms. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the two upper springs in the 
bin are shown in their compressed condition and the two lower springs in 
the bin are shown in their expanded condition. Operation of the cylinder 
32 to retract the rod 36 will rotate the crank arms 38 and spring arms 40 
clockwise to extend the upper springs and compress the lower springs. 
Repeated extension and retraction of the cylinder rod 36 will rotate the 
spring arms alternately clockwise and counterclockwise to cyclically 
extend and contract the springs 26 with the upper and lower springs moving 
in opposite directions. 
Repeated or cyclic extension and compression of the springs causes the 
particulate material in the bin to be moved toward the movable ends of the 
springs and toward the outlet from the bin. The rate of such extension and 
compression is not critical and can be easily varied if desired. It has 
been found that cycling the springs one or more times each time there is a 
feed of alumina to the electrolytic cells (typically every 2 or 3 minutes) 
is sufficient to reduce the angle of repose of the ore in a bin such as 
that illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and will permit substantially complete 
emptying of the bin. Cycling the springs also eliminates bridging and rat 
holes in the particulate material. In effect, the springs cause the ore to 
move toward the outlet for gravity discharge. 
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment of this invention in 
the form of a conveyor duct or transfer tube 50 for moving powdery 
material substantially horizontally from one location to another. In this 
embodiment, the transfer tube 50 moves particulate material 52 such as 
alumina from a hopper 54 which is mounted on one end of the duct to an 
outlet 56 on the other end of the duct. The transfer tube may be 
cylindrical as illustrated in FIG. 5, or may be rectangular or of other 
configuration. A helically coiled spring 58 is disposed in the transfer 
tube 50 and is secured to one end adjacent the hopper. The other end of 
the spring adjacent the discharge opening is connected to drive means for 
extending the spring and permitting it to contract to move particulate 
material through the transfer tube. In the embodiment selected for 
illustration, the drive means comprises a drive motor 60, a crank arm 62 
on the motor, a pulley 64 mounted on the tube 50 with bracket 68 and a 
cable 66 connected between the crank arm and the end of the spring over 
the pulley which is mounted on the end of the transfer tube. 
In the operation of the transfer tube 50, the drive motor 60 rotates the 
crank arm 62 to cyclically extend the coil spring and permit it to 
contract so as to move the particulate material 52 through the tube toward 
the outlet 56. The particulate material 52 is discharged from the outlet 
by the force of gravity. Although spring cyclic rate is not critical, it 
has been found that 100-150 cycles per minute will provide excellent 
transfer through the transfer tube illustrated in FIGS. 3-5. 
FIG. 6 illustrates another alternative embodiment of this invention which 
is identical to the one illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 except that only 
the coils (X) at the feed end of the conveyor 50' are individually active, 
i.e. expand and contract in length. As depicted in FIG. 6, all the 
conveyor parts which are the same as in the conveyor of FIGS. 3-5 are 
identified by the same numbers as in FIGS. 3-5 except the prime (') 
designation is used for the parts in FIG. 6. In the conveyor of FIG. 6, a 
rod 70 extends through most of the coils (Y) and is connected at its ends 
to the coils so there is no expansion or contraction of the coils (Y) 
through which the rod extends. Those coils move as a unit. 
Since only the coils (X) in the feed end of the conveyor are free to expand 
and contract, those coils are more active, i.e. expand and contract 
further, in the embodiment of FIG. 6 than the same coils in the embodiment 
of FIGS. 3-5. The active coils (X) in the feed end of the conveyor 50' of 
FIG. 6 absorb the full stroke of the crank arm 62' since the other coils 
(Y) cannot expand or contract. In contrast, all the coils in the conveyor 
50 of FIGS. 3-5 are individually active and incrementally absorb the 
stroke of the crank arm 62. Thus the coils under the feed end of that 
conveyor are not as active and don't move as much as do the coils (X) 
under the feed end of the conveyor in FIG. 6. 
The conveyor 50' of FIG. 6 is particularly useful to minimize the stroke of 
operator arm 62' as for example in relatively long conveyors. Confining 
the expansion and contraction of the spring to the coils in the feed end 
of the conveyor produces flow rates which are substantially increased as 
for example by a factor of up to ten or more. For example, a three foot 
long conveyor with a rod 70 in it as illustrated in FIG. 6, having four 
inches of active coils (X) and an eight inch stroke of operator arm 62', 
provided a feed rate of 1000 pounds of alumina per hour through a two inch 
diameter conveyor tube 58'. In contrast, the same conveyor without rod 70 
provided a maximum feed rate of 100 pounds of alumina per hour. In order 
to get the same flow rate with the conveyor of FIGS. 3-5 as with the 
conveyor of FIG. 6, it would be necessary to increase the stroke of the 
crank arm many times, and that is not always practical or possible. The 
embodiment of FIG. 6 produces high flow rates with short stroke operators. 
Apparatus of this invention is a substantial improvement over the prior art 
apparatus because it does not disperse powdery material into the air as do 
fluidizing conveyors. This invention also does not compact the material as 
do screw conveyors and is more reliable than are vibratory conveyors. The 
cyclic extension and compression of the coil springs of this invention 
pushes the particulate material along the length of the spring toward the 
movable end of the spring. It is believed that the head of material at the 
fixed end of the spring resists movement of material toward that end of 
the spring. Accordingly, the reciprocating spring preferentially moves the 
particulate material in the desired direction toward the movable end of 
the spring with a minimum of agitation of the material and little or no 
dust dispersion into the air. Apparatus of this invention is relatively 
inexpensive to construct, simple to operate and free of mechanical 
difficulties. It is therefore seen that this invention provides a 
substantially improved apparatus for moving or encouraging the flow of 
powdery particulate material in a bin or conveyor duct.