Head suspension having a near dimple motion limiter

A head suspension for supporting a head slider over a disk surface within a rigid disk drive includes a load beam with a flexure at a distal end of the load beam. The head suspension includes a motion limiter for restricting the range of motion of the flexure relative to the load beam. Toward this end, the motion limiter of the present invention includes a hook formed by bending a cantilever arm of the flexure to position a hook tip of the hook substantially over a load point of the suspension. The motion limiter constrains the load beam between the hook tip and the flexure in order to limit vertical displacement of the flexure relative to the load beam, as can occur through deflections caused by a shock load, through excessive pitch and roll motion of the flexure, or through operational movement of the head suspension assembly within the disk drive. The point contact of the hook tip substantially at the load point of the head suspension results in maximum gimbal freedom and minimum twist and distortion due to motion of the flexure. The motion limiter of the present invention is formed after a precursor structure of the load beam and co-planar flexure is formed, thereby eliminating the need for interleaving of the flexure with the load beam to achieve the desired hook positioning.

TECHNICAL FIELD
 The present invention is directed generally to a head suspension for
 supporting a head slider relative to a rotating disk in a rigid disk
 drive. More particularly, the invention is directed to a head suspension
 having a motion limiter near the suspension load point dimple.
 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 In a dynamic rigid disk storage device, a rotating disk is employed to
 store information. Rigid disk storage devices typically include a frame to
 provide attachment points and orientation for other components, and a
 spindle motor mounted to the frame for rotating the disk. A read/write
 head is formed on a "head slider" for writing and reading data to and from
 the disk surface. The head slider is supported and properly oriented in
 relationship to the disk by a head suspension that provides both the force
 and compliance necessary for proper head slider operation. As the disk in
 the storage device rotates beneath the bead slider and head suspension,
 the air above the disk also rotates, thus creating an air bearing which
 acts with an aerodynamic design of the head slider to create a lift force
 on the head slider. The lift force is counteracted by a spring force of
 the head suspension, thus positioning the head slider at a desired height
 and alignment above the disk which is referred to as the "fly height."
 Head suspensions for rigid disk drives include a load beam and a flexure.
 The load beam includes a mounting region at its proximal end for mounting
 the head suspension to an actuator of the disk drive, a rigid region, and
 a spring region between the mounting region and the rigid region for
 providing a spring force to counteract the aerodynamic lift force
 generated on the head slider during the drive operation as described
 above. The flexure includes a gimbal region having a slider mounting
 surface where the head slider is mounted. The gimbal region is resiliently
 moveable with respect to the remainder of the flexure in response to the
 aerodynamic forces generated by the air bearing. The gimbal region permits
 the head slider to move in pitch and roll directions and to follow disk
 surface fluctuations.
 In one type of head suspension the flexure is formed as a separate piece
 having a load beam mounting region which is rigidly mounted to the distal
 end of the load beam using conventional methods such as spot welds. Head
 suspensions of this type typically include a load point dimple formed in
 either the load beam or the gimbal region of the flexure. The load point
 dimple transfers portions of the load generated by the spring region of
 the load beam to the flexure, provides clearance between the flexure and
 the load beam, and serves as a point about which the head slider can
 gimbal in pitch and roll directions to follow fluctuations in the disk
 surface.
 As disk drives are designed having smaller disks, closer spacing, and
 increased storage densities, smaller and thinner head suspensions are
 required. These smaller and thinner head suspensions are susceptible to
 damage if the disk drive is subjected to a shock load or if the suspension
 experiences excessive pitch and roll motion. Moreover, as the use of
 portable personal computers increases, it is more likely that head
 suspensions in these portable computers will be subjected to shock loads.
 Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to design the head suspension
 so that it is less susceptible to excessive movements caused by shock
 loads and by pitch and roll motion, while still maintaining the necessary
 freedom of movement in the pitch and roll directions. In this manner,
 damaging contact between the head slider and the disk surface and
 permanent deformation of components of the head suspension can be
 prevented.
 Mechanisms have been developed for limiting the movement of a free end of a
 cantilever portion of a flexure for protection against damage under shock
 loads. One such mechanism is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,500 to
 Dalziel. The Dalziel reference describes a limiter structure comprising a
 head slider having raised shoulders to which one or more elements are
 secured. The elements on the head slider overlap at least a portion of a
 top surface of the load beam to which the flexure is attached. The
 structure shown in Dalziel is rather complicated in that an assembly of
 components is required, including a modified head slider having raised
 shoulders and limiter elements. These structures add to the weight, height
 and difficulty of manufacture and assembly of the head suspension. The
 added structure would be particularly undesirable in the design of smaller
 head suspension.
 Another motion limiter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,333,085 to Prentice
 et al. The head suspension shown in Prentice includes a tab that extends
 from a free end of a cantilever portion of a flexure. The tab is fitted
 through an opening of the load beam to oppose the top surface of the load
 beam (i.e., the surface opposite the side of the load beam to which the
 flexure is mounted). Although the mechanism shown in the Prentice patent
 does not significantly change the weight or height of the overall
 suspension assembly, it does require special manufacturing and assembly
 steps. To assemble the flexure to the load beam, the tab would likely
 first be moved through the opening in the load beam and then the flexure
 would likely be longitudinally shifted relative to the load beam to its
 mounting position. This interleaving of the flexure and load beam prior to
 their attachment adds time and complexity to the manufacturing process.
 Moreover, the tab formation comprises multiple bends, the degree of each
 bend being important in the definition of the spacing between the tab and
 the top surface of the load beam. In the design shown in Prentice, errors
 in the formation of even one bend, including manufacturing tolerances, may
 affect the ultimate spacing of the limiter mechanism.
 Another motion limiter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,205 to Aoyagi et
 al. The Aoyagi reference discloses a head suspension having a
 perpendicular hook at an end of a flexure. The hook is shaped to engage a
 transverse appendage at the distal end of a load beam to prevent the end
 of the flexure from displacing vertically too great a distance from the
 load beam. Such a limiter mechanism, however, does not take into account
 the dynamic performance of the flexure, including excessive pitch and roll
 motions that can cause permanent deformation of head suspension
 components, but instead only limits vertical flexure motion caused by a
 shock load. In addition, because the single hook engages a transverse
 appendage on the load beam, the limiter mechanism may induce a roll bias
 when performing its limiting function.
 Yet another motion limiter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,877,920 to Resh.
 The Resh reference discloses a head suspension assembly including a load
 beam, a recording head and a gimbal. The gimbal is attached to the load
 beam on the back side opposite the recording head and includes a head
 mounting tab on which the recording head is mounted. A displacement
 limiter extends between the load beam and the gimbal for limiting vertical
 displacement of the gimbal in a direction toward the recording head
 relative to the load beam. The displacement limiter is disclosed as two
 tabs formed at the recording head end of the suspension. The tabs are
 outwardly extending from the load beam in a direction transverse to the
 longitudinal axis, or are inwardly extending tabs formed on the gimbal,
 either in a transverse or longitudinal direction. Although the combination
 of gimbal placement on the backside of the load beam with the formed tabs
 as motion limiters eliminates the interleaving problem of many types of
 limiter mechanisms, this type of motion limiter creates other
 manufacturing problems when forming the head mounting tab and the
 limiters. In addition, this type of limiting mechanism fails to address
 the issue of suspension pitch and roll torque during head lift and shock
 conditions.
 In view of the shortcomings described above, a need exists for an improved
 flexure limiter in a head suspension. A limiter mechanism that provides
 for a full range of gimballing movement for a head slider mounted on a
 flexure while also preventing the flexure from being pulled away from the
 load point dimple of the head suspension is particularly desirable.
 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
 The present invention is a head suspension for supporting a head slider
 over a disk surface in a rigid disk drive. The head suspension comprises a
 load beam and a flexure. The load beam includes a load portion at a distal
 end of the load beam. The flexure includes a gimbal portion that allows
 for pitch and roll motion of the head slider. The head suspension also
 includes a load point located in the load portion of the load beam at
 which the load from the load beam is transferred to the gimballing region
 of the flexure. The head suspension further includes a motion limiter
 comprising a hook formed by bending a cantilever arm of the flexure, such
 that a hook tip of the hook is positioned substantially over the load
 point of the suspension. The motion limiter constrains the load beam
 between the hook tip and the flexure in order to limit vertical
 displacement of the flexure relative to the load beam as can occur through
 deflections caused by a shock load or during starting and stopping
 movement of the head suspension. However, the motion limiter's constraint
 of the head suspension does not induce undesirable pitch and roll torque
 in the head slider, and does not inhibit necessary pitch and roll movement
 of the flexure. The hook tip can be located within less than 0.18
 millimeters, and preferably within less than 0.10 millimeters, and more
 preferably within less than 0.08 millimeters of the load point.
 The motion limiter may be formed with a single bend or with multiple bends,
 the bends being made after the substantially co-planar flexure is attached
 to the load beam forming a precursor structure. No interleaving of the
 flexure with the load beam is necessary with the motion limiters of the
 present invention because the hook is not formed to overlap the load beam
 until after the precursor structure is formed. The motion limiter
 embodiments of the present invention include hooks formed at various
 angles relative to a longitudinal axis of the head suspension that passes
 through the load point, in order to minimize the distance between where
 the hook tip contacts the load beam during displacement of the flexure and
 the load point.
 The present invention is also directed to a method of forming a head
 suspension for supporting a head slider over a disk surface in a rigid
 disk drive. The method comprises the steps of providing a load beam having
 a load portion at a distal end of the load beam and an opening located
 within the load portion. A flexure is provided including a gimbal region
 adapted for allowing pitch and roll motion of the head slider. The gimbal
 region has a longitudinal cantilever arm. The flexure is attached to the
 load beam at the distal end of the load beam in a generally co-planar
 configuration to form a precursor structure with at least a portion of the
 cantilever arm positioned adjacent the opening in the load beam but not
 protruding through the opening nor overlapping the load beam. The
 cantilever arm is bent to form a motion limiter having a hook that lies in
 a plane non-parallel to a plane of the flexure and protrudes through the
 opening of the load beam. The hook has a hook tip positioned over the load
 portion of the load beam in close proximity to a load point at which a
 load is transferred from the load portion to the flexure, such that a
 portion of the load beam is constrained between the hook tip and the
 flexure, thereby limiting vertical displacement of the flexure relative to
 the load beam and yet not limiting pitch and roll motion of the head
 slider nor inducing undesirable pitch and roll torque in the slider.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
 With reference to the attached Figures, it is to be understood that like
 components are labeled with like numerals throughout the several Figures.
 FIG. 1 illustrates a rigid disk drive 12 that includes a head suspension
 assembly 8. Head suspension assembly 8 resiliently supports a head slider
 14 at a fly height above a rigid disk 16 during operation, as described
 above in the Background section. Head suspension assembly 8 is connected
 to a rotary actuator 18, as is known, for accessing data tracks provided
 on the surface of rigid disk 16. Head suspension assembly 8 could
 otherwise be utilized with a linear type actuator, as also well known.
 FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show head suspension assembly 8 in greater detail. Head
 suspension assembly 8 includes head suspension 10 in accordance with the
 present invention, slider 14, and a base plate 22. Head suspension 10
 includes a load beam 20 and a flexure 30. Base plate 22 can be
 conventionally fixed to an actuator mounting region 24 located at the
 proximal end 23 of the load beam 20, such as by welding. The load beam 20
 has a rigid region 28, and a spring region 26 between the mounting region
 24 and rigid region 28. The spring region 26 typically includes a bend or
 radius, and provides a load to the rigid region 28 with respect to
 mounting region 24. Rigid region 28 is provided with stiffening rails 32,
 as are well known, to enhance stiffness properties.
 In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2-8, the flexure 30 extends from the
 distal end 21 of load beam 20, and is constructed as a separate element of
 head suspension 10. Flexure 30 comprises a load beam mounting region 37
 and a gimbal region 38 and is generally co-planar to the load beam 20. The
 flexure 30 is secured to load beam 20 in a conventional manner, such as by
 welding load beam mounting region 37 to the rigid region 28 of the load
 beam 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the combination of the relatively co-planar
 flexure 30 attached to the load beam 20 forms a precursor structure 35.
 Rigid region 28 of load beam 20 includes a load portion 36 at its distal
 end 21. Included in the load portion 36 is a load point 40 for
 transferring the load from load portion 36 to the gimbal region 38 of the
 flexure 30. In the embodiments shown, the load point 40 is located on a
 load beam cross piece 41, extending in a transverse direction relative to
 the load beam 20. The load point 40 may be formed extending from the load
 portion 36 of the load beam 20 toward gimbal region 38, or the load point
 40 can be formed in gimbal region 38 to extend toward load portion 36 of
 load beam 20. The load point 40 may be formed as a dimple, using
 conventional methods such as a forming punch. Alternately, 10 the load
 point 40 may be formed by other structure, including an etched tower, a
 glass ball, or an epoxy dome.
 The load portion 36 of the load beam 20 also includes an opening 50
 positioned on the proximal side of the load point 40, adjacent the load
 beam cross piece 41. A second opening 52, also shown in the distal end 21
 of the load beam 20, may be provided to aid in controlling head suspension
 weight and resonance. It is to be understood, however, that a second
 opening 52 is not required to practice the present invention. In the
 embodiments shown, if a second opening 52 is not provided, the load beam
 cross piece 41 serves as the distal end 21 of the load beam.
 As perhaps best shown in FIGS. 2-6, a pair of outer arms 46 extend from the
 load beam mounting region 37 of flexure 30, joined by a cross-piece 48 at
 the ends of outer arms 46. A cantilever arm 100 extends from cross-piece
 48 toward the mounting region 37, positioned between outer arms 46.
 Cantilever arm 100 provides a slider mounting surface to which the slider
 14 (shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) is attached, such as by adhesives or the like.
 Cross-piece 48 can be provided with offset bends (not shown) to space
 cantilever arm 100 from the load portion 36 of load beam 20 by
 approximately the height of load point 40. Referring to FIG. 2, upon
 formation of the precursor structure 35, the co-planar flexure 30 is
 positioned with at least a portion of the cantilever arm 100 adjacent to
 the load portion 36 and overlapping the opening 50. However, the
 cantilever arm 100 does not protrude through the opening 50, nor overlap
 the load beam 20.
 Referring now to FIGS. 3-8, head suspension 10 includes a motion limiter
 110 that is adapted to limit movement of the flexure 30 relative to the
 load beam 20. In this embodiment, motion limiter 110 is constructed from
 the cantilever arm 100. The motion limiter 10 includes a bend 122 in the
 cantilever arm 100 forming a hook 120. The hook 120 includes an upstanding
 portion 124, a hook arm 126 formed adjacent and perpendicular to the
 upstanding portion 124, and a hook tip 128 formed at the end of the hook
 arm 126 opposite the upstanding portion 124. As best seen in FIGS. 3 and
 5, after the bend 122 is made, the portion of the cantilever arm 100
 overlapping the opening 50 passes through the opening 50, such that the
 hook 120 protrudes through the opening 50 in the load portion 36 of the
 load beam 20 in a direction away from the slider head 14, and thus away
 from the disk surface when the head suspension assembly 8 is mounted in a
 rigid disk drive 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the bend 122 is formed
 at a right angle to the plane of the flexure 30, however other angles may
 also be used.
 Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, once formed, the hook 120 is aligned along a
 longitudinal axis 60 of the load beam 20 that passes through the load
 point 40. It is to be understood, however, that the hook 120 may be
 aligned along a longitudinal axis of the load beam that does not pass
 through the load point 40, or may be aligned at an angle to a longitudinal
 axis. The hook tip 128 is positioned over the load portion 36 of the load
 beam 20 with a gap 134 between the hook tip 128 and the surface of the
 load beam 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the gap 134 is about 0.05
 millimeters (0.002 inches) in height. In this configuration, the load beam
 20 is constrained between the hook tip 128 and the flexure 30, thereby
 limiting the vertical displacement of the flexure 30 relative to the load
 beam 20. When the flexure 30 displaces vertically toward the disk 16 due
 to movement of the head suspension assembly 8 or due to shock loads, the
 hook tip 128 contacts surface of the load beam 20 at a contact point 130,
 thus stopping the flexure 30 from further displacement in that direction.
 When the flexure 30 displaces vertically away from the disk 16, the load
 point 40 contacts the surface of the load beam 20, thus stopping further
 displacement in that direction. Therefore, maximum displacement of the
 flexure 30 in this embodiment is about 0.05 millimeters, as determined by
 gap 134.
 Referring now to FIG. 8, displacement of the contact point 130 from the
 load point 40 is a longitudinal distance 132. In an optimum configuration
 of the motion limiter 110, this longitudinal distance 132 approaches zero
 in order to provide the contact point 130 exactly over the load point 40.
 In the embodiment shown, the longitudinal distance 132 is less than or
 equal to about 0.18 millimeters (0.007 inches). In another embodiment, the
 longitudinal distance 132 is less than 0.10 millimeters, and more
 preferably within less than 0.08 millimeters of the load point 40. Contact
 of the hook tip 128 at the nearly zero longitudinal distance 132 provides
 a point contact similar to the load point 40, when the flexure displaces
 toward the disk. The head slider 14 may gimbal freely in pitch and roll
 directions in the same manner as when the flexure is constrained by the
 load point. As a result, when disk drive 12 is subjected to shock, when
 the head suspension assembly 8 is ramped onto or away from the disk 16, or
 when other movement of the head suspension assembly 8 occurs causing
 vertical displacement of the head slider 14, the motion limiter 110 does
 not induce twisting and deformation in the head suspension 10 due to
 uneven pitch and roll torque. In addition, the motion limiter 110 protects
 the head slider 14 from crashing into the surface of the rigid disk 16 by
 maintaining uniform gimballing about the hook tip 128 at contact point
 130, thereby allowing the head slider 14 to continue to float evenly over
 and parallel to the disk 16.
 Referring now to FIGS. 9-11, in an alternate embodiment of the present
 invention, a motion limiter 310 is constructed from a cantilever arm 300.
 The motion limiter 310 includes a bend 322 in the cantilever arm 300
 forming a hook 320. The hook 320 includes an upstanding portion 324, a
 hook arm 326 formed adjacent and perpendicular to the upstanding portion
 324, and a hook tip 328 formed at the end of the hook arm 326 opposite the
 upstanding portion 324. The hook 320 protrudes through the opening 250 in
 the load portion 236 of the load beam 220 in a direction away the disk
 surface, in the same manner as the first embodiment. In one embodiment,
 the bend 322 is formed at a right angle to the plane of the flexure 230,
 however other angles may also be used.
 Once formed, the hook 320 in this embodiment is aligned at an angle 312
 relative to a longitudinal axis 260 of the load beam 220. Angle 312, as
 shown, is about 45.degree., however other suitable angles are within the
 scope of the present invention. The hook tip 328 is positioned over the
 load portion 236 of the load beam 220 with a gap (not shown) similar to
 the gap 134 of the first embodiment, preferably about 0.05 millimeters
 (0.002 inches) in height. In the same manner as the first embodiment, the
 motion limiter 310 constrains the load beam 220 between the hook tip 328
 and the flexure 230 in order to limit the vertical displacement of the
 flexure 230 relative to the load beam 220. When the flexure 230 displaces,
 the load portion 236 contacts the hook tip 328 at a contact point 330.
 As shown best in FIG. 11, displacement of the contact point 330 from the
 load point 240 is a longitudinal distance 332. In this embodiment, the
 longitudinal distance 332 is less than or equal to about 0.10 millimeters
 (0.004 inches). With the longitudinal distance 332 closer to zero, this
 angled motion limiter 310 is a more optimized configuration relative to
 the longitudinal distance 332 than the first embodiment providing the same
 benefits as those described above.
 Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13, in another alternate embodiment of the
 present invention, a motion limiter 510 is constructed from a cantilever
 arm 500. The motion limiter 510 includes a bend 522 in the cantilever arm
 500 forming a hook 520. The hook 520 includes an upstanding portion 524, a
 hook arm 526 preferably formed adjacent and perpendicular to the
 upstanding portion 524, and a hook tip 528 formed at the end of the hook
 arm 526 opposite the upstanding portion 524. The hook 520 protrudes
 through the opening 450 in the load portion 436 of the load beam 420 in a
 direction away the disk surface, in the same manner as the other two
 embodiments. The bend 522 is formed at a right angle to the plane of the
 flexure 430, however other angles may also be used.
 Once formed, the hook 520 in this embodiment is aligned generally
 perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 460 of the load beam 420. The hook
 tip 528 is positioned over the load portion 436 of the load beam 420 with
 a gap (not shown) similar to the gap 134 of the first embodiment, about
 0.05 millimeters (0.002 inches) in height. In the same manner as the other
 embodiments, the motion limiter 510 constrains the load beam 420 between
 the hook tip 528 and the flexure 430 in order to limit the vertical
 displacement of the flexure 430 relative to the load beam 420. When the
 flexure 430 displaces, the load portion 436 contacts the hook tip 528 at a
 contact point 530.
 As shown best in FIG. 13, displacement of the contact point 530 from the
 load point 440 is a longitudinal distance 532. In this embodiment, the
 longitudinal distance 532 is less than or equal to about 0.08 millimeters
 (0.003 inches). With the longitudinal distance 532 even closer to zero,
 this angled motion limiter 510 is a more optimized configuration relative
 to the longitudinal distance 532 than the other embodiments, providing the
 same benefits as those described above.
 Referring now to FIGS. 14 and 15, in yet another embodiment of the present
 invention, a motion limiter 710 is constructed from a cantilever arm 700.
 The motion limiter 710 includes a first bend 722, as well as a second bend
 723 in the cantilever arm 700 to form a hook 720. The hook 720 includes an
 upstanding portion 724, a hook arm 726 formed adjacent and perpendicular
 to the upstanding portion 724, and a hook tip 728 formed at the end of the
 hook arm 726 opposite the upstanding portion 724. The hook 720 protrudes
 through the opening in the load portion 636 of the load beam 620 in a
 direction away the disk surface, in the same manner as the other
 embodiments. The first bend 722 is formed close to a right angle to the
 plane of the flexure 630, and second bend 723 is formed close to a right
 angle to the plane of the upstanding portion 724. The angles of these two
 bends 722, 723 may be altered, however, in order to optimize the position
 of the hook tip 728 over the load point 640.
 Once formed, the hook 720 in this embodiment is aligned generally parallel
 to a longitudinal axis 660 of the load beam 620. The hook tip 728 is
 positioned over the load portion 636 of the load beam 620 with a gap 734
 (similar to the gap 134 of the first embodiment) of about 0.05 millimeters
 (0.002 inches) in height. In the same manner as the other embodiments, the
 motion limiter 710 constrains the load beam 620 between the hook tip 728
 and the flexure 630 in order to limit the vertical displacement of the
 flexure 630 relative to the load beam 620. When the flexure 630 displaces,
 the load portion 636 contacts the hook tip 728 at a contact point 730.
 As shown best in FIG. 15, displacement of the contact point 730 from the
 load point 640 is about zero. With the hook tip 728 positioned to contact
 the load portion 636 at the load point 640, this double bend motion
 limiter 710 is an even more optimized configuration relative to a
 longitudinal distance between the contact point 730 and the load point 640
 than the other embodiments providing the same benefits as those described
 above.
 The motion limiter embodiments of the present invention described above
 include a few single bend embodiments and one double bend embodiment. As
 would be evident to one skilled in the art, variations in both single and
 multiple bend motion limiters are both possible and desirable to provide a
 hook tip positioned over the load point, thus providing the benefits and
 advantages of the present invention. It is to be understood that such
 variations are contemplated and within the scope of the present invention.
 Referring again to FIGS. 2-4, the head suspension 10 is formed by attaching
 flexure 30 to load beam 20 in a generally co-planar fashion. These two
 components 20, 30 may be quickly positioned adjacent one another and then
 conventionally attached to form the precursor structure 35. Once the
 precursor structure 35 is formed, the motion limiter 110 of the present
 invention (as described in any of the embodiments above) is formed by a
 bending process, wherein the bend 122 is formed in the cantilever arm 100,
 resulting in hook 120 protruding through the opening 50 and correctly
 positioned to constrain load beam 20 between the hook tip 128 and the
 flexure 30. One of the advantages of the present invention over other
 types of motion limiters is that no interleaving of the load beam 20 and
 the flexure 30 is necessary in order to achieve the desired positioning of
 the hook 120. The manufacturing process is thus faster and more efficient
 than interleaving processes, thereby making the head suspensions of the
 present invention more cost effective, as well. At the same time, the
 motion limiters 110 of the present invention are capable of achieving an
 optimized formation, wherein the hook tip 128 is positioned substantially
 over the load point 40 of the head suspension 10, thereby providing the
 maximum benefit of gimballing and minimum effect of induced pitch and roll
 torque on the suspension assembly 8. As is evident to one skilled in the
 art, the single bend embodiments are more cost effective to produce due to
 their need for only one bending step. Although the double bend embodiment
 described provides a more optimum hook tip position, the need for the
 additional bending process step makes this and other multiple bend
 configurations less desirable for overall manufacturing purposes.
 Although the present invention has been described with reference to
 preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that
 changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit
 and scope of the invention.