Hydraulic retarder attached with parking brake

A hydraulic retarder and brake unit mounted on a rotating vehicle drive shaft has a first rotatable member forming a brake drum and mounted on the drive shaft for rotation therewith. A non-rotatable member supports brake shoes movable into frictional engagement with a lining of the brake drum and are actuated by the lever for frictionally braking rotation of the drive shaft. A plurality of stator vanes are formed on the non-rotatable member. A second rotatable member is mounted on the drive shaft for free rotation independently of the rotation of the drive shaft, while a plurality of rotor vanes are freely rotatably mounted around the drive shaft and in facing opposition to the stator vanes for providing a hydraulic coupling. A clutch selectively rotatably couples the second rotatable member with the first rotatable member so that the rotor vanes are rotated with the drive shaft and the rotation of the drive shaft retarded. In an alternative embodiment, the clutch selectively rotatably couples the second rotatable members with the non-rotatable member and there is also included a planetary gear system including a sun gear formed on the second rotatable member, a ring gear formed with the rotor vanes and planet gears meshing with the sun and ring gears and rotatably mounted to the first rotatable member.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a device in which a hydraulic retarder 
used for large scale vehicles such as buses, trucks, etc. and a parking 
brake are united, and the performance of the fluid type retarder is 
improved. 
Usually, there are three kinds of braking devices for motor cars, depending 
on the purposes for use: routine brake, parking brake and reduction 
device. Among them, the routine brake is a treadle type brake which brakes 
all of the wheels and is used for deceleration and stopping of the 
vehicle. The parking brake is a manual brake and there are both a type to 
act on the same elements as the routine brake for rear wheels, but through 
a different transmission mechanism, and a center brake used exclusively 
for parking by attaching to the transmission or the propeller shaft. The 
parking brake can be used for assistance at a time of breakdown of the 
routine brake and for stopping the vehicle at the time of emergency. 
As such a parking brake, a duo-servo type drum brake is used generally, in 
which two brake shoes each laminated with brake lining on a semicircular 
member are connected through a link inside a brake drum rotatable with a 
wheel axle, and the rotation of the wheel axle is stopped by pressing 
these shoes against the brake drum through the operation of a parking 
lever. 
The deceleration device is used for large scale trucks or buses due to the 
danger that, when descending a long slope, the braking performance is 
lowered with the routine brake alone due to the heat generation at the 
friction portion of the brake, and there must exist an exhaustion brake, 
hydraulic retarder, electromagnetic retarder, etc. Among them, the 
hydraulic retarder (hereinafter simply referred to as a retarder) exhibits 
a preferable characteristic as the deceleration device in that the 
absorbed horse power increases abruptly with an increase in the number of 
revolutions and is assembled most frequently into the transmission or the 
driving device of the rear wheels. 
As shown in FIG. 3, the body of the retarder aforementioned is fixed 
radially with the wheel axle (101) as a center. A vane chamber (104) is 
provided around the wheel axle (101) and contains a plurality of rotor 
vanes (102) which rotate with the wheel axle (101) and is surrounded by a 
vane chamber case (103) stator vanes (105) fixed to the vane chamber case 
(103) are formed in said vane chamber (104) oppositely to the rotor vanes 
(102). For operating the retarder, cooling oil (A) is supplied to a 
portion between the opposing rotor vanes (102) and the stator vanes (105) 
in the vane chamber (104) to transmit the energy of rotating rotor vanes 
(102) to the circulating cooling oil as heat due to the viscosity of the 
cooling oil resulting in the deceleration. 
Numeral (106) is a tank of cooling oil and numeral (107) shows an oil pump 
feeding the cooling oil to the retarder. 
The control of the working of this retarder is accomplished by means of 
controlling the flow rate of cooling oil to be supplied into the vane 
chamber, that is, the level of the oil surface. Therefore, retardation is 
eliminated by discharging the cooling oil. However, retardation of 
retarder due to the remaining cooling oil that is, the drag torque, 
remains. Further, there have been such problems that the device for 
controlling the level of the oil surface is expensive and heavy in weight. 
Moreover, the uniting of the retarder with the parking brake has been 
desired strongly for compactness and light weight. 
The purpose of the invention is to provide a fluid type retarder attached 
with a parking brake, which eliminates the generation of said drag torque 
and is capable of being manufactured at low cost.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The first example of the invention will be illustrated in detail using FIG. 
1. 
In this example, a side plate (1a) of a transmission case (1), through 
which a drive shaft (2) passes, is made as one side plate of a vane 
chamber (3) of a retarder. The vane chamber (3) is covered fluid-tightly 
by means of a backing plate (5) attached to the transmission case (1) with 
a plurality of bolts (4). A supplying port (6) for supplying the cooling 
oil to said vane chamber (3) from lower portion and a discharging port (7) 
for discharging the cooling oil from upper portion are provided. And, on 
the side of vane chamber (3) of said backing plate (5), an annular 
plurality of semicircular stator vanes (8) are formed radially of the 
drive shaft (2) as a center. Opposite said stator vanes (8), an annular 
plurality of semicircular rotor vanes (10) are provided radially in a 
similar manner to a rotor (9) rotatable around the drive shaft (2). 
In the inner circumference of said rotor (9), there exists a cylindrical 
member (25) which is in spline engagement (24) to said rotor. This 
cylindrical member (25) is extended from a space between the backing plate 
(5) and the drive shaft (2) to outside the vane chamber (3), while 
maintaining the sealing of vane chamber (3). From a flange (25a) rising at 
right angles to the drive shaft (2) from the end of said extension, a 
disk-like clutch plate (26) is supported. Further, outside said plate 
(26), a circular side plate (12) of a brake drum (11) rotatable and united 
with the drive shaft (2), is provided oppositely to the plate (26) and the 
outer circumferential portion of said side plate (12) is extended toward 
the transmission case (1) to form an outer circumferential plate (13) of 
the brake drum (11). Moreover, the outer circumference of a disk-like 
pressure plate (14) is fitted to said outer circumferential plate (13) so 
that said clutch plate (26) is put between the circular side plate (12) 
and the pressure plate (14) while the inner circumference of the latter is 
fixed to the circular outer ring of a clutch release bearing (15). 
Furthermore, one end of the circular inner ring of the clutch release 
bearing (15) is fixed to a ring-shaped clutch piston (16) axially 
displaceable in a cylinder (5a) of said backing plate (5) so that said 
pressure plate (14) is pushed by actuating said piston (16) while said 
clutch plate (26) is held insertedly between the circular side plate (12) 
of the brake drum (11) and the pressure plate (14), the rotation of the 
drive shaft (2) thereby being transmitted to the rotor vanes (10) of the 
retarder through said clutch plate (26) and cylindrical member (25). 
Moreover, inside the outer circumferential plate (13) of said brake drum 
(11), two semicircular brake shoes (18) laminated with a brake lining (17) 
are provided. The brake shoes (18) are allowed to be pressed against the 
outer circumferential plate (13) to construct a duo-servo type drum brake 
(B) for stopping the rotation of the brake drum (11), and a support shaft 
(21) of a parking lever (20) having a brake cam (19) to expand the brake 
shoes (18) outwardly is pivotally supported by the backing plate (5). 
With the hydraulic retarder attached with the parking brake as above, when 
decelerating the motor car, the clutch is turned on by working the clutch 
piston (16), so that the rotation of the drive shaft (2) is transmitted to 
the rotor vanes (10) of the retarder and, by the self-pumping action of 
the rotor vanes (10) or by supplying the cooling oil into the vane chamber 
(3), the rotation of rotor vanes (10) and the drive shaft (2) can 
immediately be braked. Also, when turning off the retarder, by acting on 
the clutch piston (16) to turn off the clutch, the rotation of the drive 
shaft (2) becomes instantaneously separated from braking of the retarder 
and thus from the drag torque. The response at the time of re-acceleration 
thus becomes good. Moreover, when parking, the brake lining (17) is 
pressed against the outer circumferential plate (13) of the brake drum 
(11) by operating the manual type parking lever (20) to allow the drive 
shaft (2) to stop. 
The second example of the invention will be illustrated in detail using 
FIG. 2. 
In this example, a plurality of planetary gears (55) are provided at a 
protrusion (61a) protruded from a step portion (61) of a circular side 
plate (54) of a brake drum (53) which rotates unitedly with a drive shaft 
(52) protruding from a transmission case (51). And, to a rotor (57) 
forming an outer ring gear inscribing said gears (55), a plurality of 
rotor vanes (56) are provided, radially making the drive shaft (52) as a 
center. A vane chamber case (59) is formed unitedly with the transmission 
case (51) so that a vane chamber (58) of the retarder is formed around the 
drive shaft (52) surrounding said rotor (57). One side plate (60) of said 
vane chamber case (59) is allowed to slide fluid-tightly on the step 
portion (61) of the brake drum (53). Other side plate (62) is allowed to 
slide fluid-tightly on a cylindrical member (64) fixed unitedly to an 
extended end (63a) at which an inner sun gear (63) circumscribing said 
planetary gears (55) and being rotatable around the drive shaft (52) is 
provided on the opposite side to the brake drum (53). Moreover, in the 
vane chamber (58) of this other side plate (62), a plurality of stator 
vanes (65) are provided radially having the drive shaft (52) as a center 
so that they face opposedly to the plurality of rotor vanes (56). 
Further, a clutch plate (66) is provided unitedly with said cylindrical 
member (64) to face opposedly to a clutch cover (67) formd unitedly inside 
the side plate (62) of said vane chamber case (59). On the opposite side 
to the clutch cover (67) of the clutch plate (66), a disk-like pressure 
plate (68) is provided. By pushing the pressure plate (68) with the clutch 
plate (66) held insertedly between said plate (68) and clutch cover (67), 
the movement of turning on the clutch is realized. A ring-shaped clutch 
piston (70) actuates the retarder to transmit the rotation of drive shaft 
(52) to the rotor vanes (56) of the retarder. The clutch piston (70) is 
inserted in a cylinder (71a) of a backing plate (71) fixed to the vane 
camber case (59). 
When the clutch piston (70) is retracted, rotation of the drive shaft (52) 
rotates gears (55) and sun gear (63) via side plate (54), while the rotor 
(57) remains stationary. However, when the clutch piston (70) is advanced 
to lock the sun gear (63), rotation of the drive shaft rotates rotor (57) 
via side plate (54) and gears (55). 
Furthermore, to the inside of an outer circumferential plate (72) provided 
by extending the outer circumference of the circular side plate (54) of 
said brake drum (53) toward the transmission case, one of the butted 
portions of two semicircular brake shoes (73) is connected through a link 
and, between their other butted portion, a brake cam (74) is provided for 
actuating a duo-servo type drum brake (B). And a support shaft (77) 
transmitting the rotation force due to the operation of the parking lever 
(76) to said brake cam (74) is pivotally supported by a support plate (75) 
formed unitedly with the transmission case (51). 
At a lower portion of the vane chamber (58) of such fluid type retarder 
attached with the parking brake, a supplying port (78) of the cooling oil 
is provided and, at an upper portion, a discharging port (79) of the 
cooling oil is provided. When the retarder is actuated by working the 
clutch piston (70) and turning on the clutch after allowing the drive 
shaft (52) to rotate and supplying the cooling oil, and then the clutch is 
turned off, the drag torque was not generated to the drive shaft (52) at 
all. Further, the same controls can also serve as a control lever for the 
exhaustion brake and can be operated easily only by on-off of the clutch. 
Therefore, complex control of the level of oil surface etc. is 
unnecessary. 
As described in accordance with the invention, since the fluid type 
retarder and the parking brake are united, reduced bulk and weight are 
realized and the decrease in cost is achieved. Further, according to the 
invention, a hydraulic retarder with simple and sure controlling can be 
realized and, in addition, maintenance such as the exchange of clutch 
facings and brake linings etc. is easy and the performance of the 
hydraulic retarder is improved. For these reasons and others, the 
invention exerts a remarkable effect industrially.