System for extending communication equipment using flat coaxial cable

A system for extending communication equipment using flat coaxial cables, the system occupying a minimum installation space and providing equipment extensions and interface changes in a flexible manner. The system comprises a rack carrying a base shelf and at least one extension shelf. The base shelf has a plurality of base PWB assemblies inserted therein, and the extension shelf accommodates a plurality of extension PWB assemblies. One end of a flat coaxial cable bundle is attached removably to the front of each base PWB assembly. With its extra length portion left in a first tray on the base shelf, the flat coaxial cable bundle passes through the tray from front to back to enter a second tray from its back on the extension shelf. With another extra length portion left in the second tray, the flat coaxial cable bundle leaves the front end of the second tray to connect detachably to the front of each extension PWB assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a system for extending communication 
equipment. More particularly, the invention relates to a system for 
extending communication equipment using flat coaxial cables, the system 
dealing flexibly with making extensions and interface changes to the 
equipment. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
Today, there exist communication equipment extension systems that are used 
to make optical channel extensions and interface changes to optical 
communication equipment. Typically, the extension system is interposed 
between exchange and transmitter or between transmitters of an optical 
communication system, providing the necessary extensions without hampering 
overall optical circuit controls such as selection, changing, switching 
and testing of optical circuits. 
There are three kinds of optical transmission trunk systems worldwide: one 
of Japan, another of North America and another of Europe. Because these 
systems were developed independently of one another, the digital hierarchy 
of optical circuit channels differ from region to region. Attempts to 
unify the digital hierarchies worldwide were launched in recent years, and 
the individual countries involved began studying ways to attain the 
unified specifications. In 1988, the CCITT established the Synchronous 
Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The move was accompanied by the adoption of 
recommendations for inter-communication network standardization. Thus the 
stage was set for building optical communication trunk networks unified 
worldwide. 
Conventional systems for extending communication equipment primarily 
involve replacing printed wiring board assemblies (hereinafter called PWB 
assemblies) on shelves to accomplish interface changes or equipment 
extensions. Because it is on the level of PWB assemblies that the 
conventional communication equipment extension systems provide equipment 
extensions or interface changes, these systems are incapable of complying 
flexibly with the universal standard optical trunk communication network. 
To set up a new optical communication network requires that the network be 
extended on the shelf level, that the space occupied the extension system 
be limited to a minimum, and that interface changes be made on the level 
of PWB assembly. Until now, at a typical network equipment site, the 
extension system is disproportionately large compared with the other 
small-sized communication equipment. The space occupied by the extension 
system is wasteful and needs to be reduced. Furthermore, the conventional 
extension system provides extensions and interface changes only on the PWB 
assembly level. The inflexibility of the system in this respect is a 
significant disadvantage of the prior art. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system for 
extending communication equipment using flat coaxial cables, the system 
occupying a minimum installation space and providing equipment extensions 
and interface changes in a flexible manner. 
It is another object of the invention to provide a system for extending 
communication equipment using flat coaxial cables, the system offering 
enhanced levels of ease in the execution of extension work as well as in 
operation and maintenance. 
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 
communication equipment extension system comprising: a rack; a base shelf 
mounted on the rack, the base shelf having a plurality of base printed 
wiring board assemblies installed perpendicularly and in parallel with one 
another; a first tray mounted on the rack above the base shelf; at least 
one extension shelf mounted on the rack above the first tray, the 
extension shelf having a plurality of extension printed wiring board 
assemblies installed perpendicularly and in parallel with one another; a 
second tray fixed integrally at the top of the extension shelf; and a flat 
coaxial cable bundle connected detachably to the front side of each of the 
base printed wiring board assemblies, the flat coaxial cable bundle 
threading through the first tray from front to back to enter the second 
tray from the back thereof, extra length portions of the flat coaxial 
cable bundle being accommodated inside the first tray and the second tray, 
the flat coaxial cable bundle leaving the front end of the second tray to 
connect detachably to the front side of each of the extension printed 
wiring board assemblies. 
With this communication equipment extension system, the flat coaxial cable 
bundles each containing a plurality of flat coaxial cables permits 
equipment extensions to be made on the shelf level. That is, a large 
number of PWB assemblies are extended as a whole. The system deals 
flexibly with the optical communication trunk system while drastically 
reducing the installation area at the site. Illustratively, the 
installation area is reduced to 1/3 to 1/4 of what is occupied by the 
comparable prior art extension system. 
According to the invention, the first and the second trays are furnished 
above the base and extension shelves, respectively, so that extra length 
portions of the flat coaxial cable bundles are accommodated inside the 
trays. This structure allows the base or extension PWB assemblies to be 
drawn out extensively in the forward direction from the base or extension 
shelf for easy execution of line extensions, interface changes or testing. 
Because the invention connects the base PWB assemblies with the extension 
PWB assemblies in special ways using flat coaxial cable bundles, it is 
easy to draw out the assemblies from their shelf. The system according to 
the invention thus provides in a flexible manner system-wide extensions 
and circuit channel changes. Such extensions and changes are carried out 
easily without circuit disconnection. 
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present 
invention and the manner of realizing them will become more apparent, and 
the invention itself will best be understood from a study of the following 
description and appended claims with reference to the attached drawings 
showing some preferred embodiments of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with 
reference to the accompanying drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 are a schematic 
front view and a schematic side view of the embodiment, respectively. A 
rack 2a carries two base shelves 4 accommodating a plurality of base PWB 
assemblies 12 arranged perpendicularly and in parallel with one another. 
On top of each base shelf 4 is a cable accommodation tray 6 that 
accommodates extra length portions of flat coaxial cable bundles 16. 
Although the cable accommodation tray 6 is separated from the base shelf 
4, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tray 6 and shelf 4 may alternatively be 
constructed in an integral manner. 
Above each cable accommodation tray 6 are two extension shelves 8 that 
accommodate a plurality of extension PWB assemblies 14 arranged 
perpendicularly and in parallel with one another. On top of each extension 
shelf 8, there is integrally furnished a cable accommodation tray 10 that 
accommodates extra length portions of the flat coaxial cable bundles 16. 
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 4, the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is 
connected detachably to the front side of each base PWB assembly 12. With 
its extra length portion 16c held in the cable accommodation tray 6, the 
flat coaxial cable bundle 16 passes through the tray 6 from front to back. 
The flat coaxial cable bundle 16 then enters the cable accommodation tray 
10 from the back thereof. Leaving another extra length portion 16c inside 
the cable accommodation tray 10, the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 exits 
the tray 10 from the front end thereof. The flat coaxial cable bundle 16 
from the cable accommodation tray 10 then connects detachably to the front 
side of each extension PWB assembly 14. 
Referring again to FIG. 1, inside the left-hand side rack 2b are five 
extension shelves 8 on top of one base shelf 4. Depending on the scale of 
the optical communication system involved, as many racks 2a and 2b as 
needed are installed in parallel, each rack accommodating the base shelf 4 
and extension shelves 8. 
The constitution of the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 will now be described 
with reference to FIG. 3. A plurality of flat coaxial cables 18 are 
bundled in a flat shape at both ends thereof to constitute one cable 
bundle 16. Each end of the flat cable bundle 16 is connected to a 
connector jack 20. In the intermediate portion between the two ends, the 
multiple cables are bundled in a substantially round shape and covered 
with a resin sheath 22. Spiral tubes 24 are provided where needed over the 
round portion of the cable bundle 16 to improve resistance to abrasion. 
The individual flat coaxial cables illustratively have a cross-section of 
1 mm .times.1 mm each. 
FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the cable accommodation tray 6. A 
cable holder 26 is fixed to the cable accommodation tray 6. Each flat 
coaxial cable bundle 16 is fixed to the cable holder 26 with a fixing band 
28. 
As depicted in FIG. 6, the extra length portion 16c of each flat coaxial 
cable bundle 16 is accommodated in the cable accommodation tray 6. Each 
flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is fixed to the base PWB assembly 12 using 
the fixing band 28 so that the base PWB assembly 12 will be drawn out in 
the forward direction with a sufficient length of the bundle 16 left in 
the tray 6. The cable accommodation tray 6 is separated from the base 
shelf 4. This is to allow the size of the cable accommodation tray 6 to be 
adjusted in accordance with the number of flat coaxial cable bundles 16 
installed. 
Each flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is fixed to the rear of the cable 
accommodation tray 6 using the fixing band 28. With the extra length 
portion 16c contained in the cable accommodation tray 6, the flat coaxial 
cable bundle 16 passes through the cable guidance band 30 to connect to 
the base PWB assembly 12. The radius of curvature R for the extra length 
portion 16c of the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is set to be at least five 
times the diameter of the bundle 16. Preferably, the extra length portion 
16c of the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is about half a single turn based 
on the above radius so that the base PWB assembly 12 will be inserted and 
extracted smoothly. 
FIG. 7 is a side view of a cable entry and connection portion for the base 
PWB assemblies 12. A plurality of flat coaxial cable bundles 16 that have 
passed through the cable guidance band 30 enter a cable entry port 33 
formed by a guidance member 32 and attached to the front top the base PWB 
assemblies 12. FIG. 8 is a plan view of the cable entry port 33. With this 
embodiment, four flat coaxial cable bundles 16 enter the cable entry port 
33. The crosswise dimension of the base PWB assemblies 12 is determined by 
the area of the cable entry port 33 accommodating a plurality of flat 
coaxial cable bundles 16. This means that to enhance the installation 
density of base PWB assemblies 12 requires using flat coaxial cables of 
smaller diameters. 
A cable fixture 34 (in FIG. 9) is attached obliquely to each base PWB 
assembly 12. The cable fixture 34 is attached so that when the base PWB 
assembly 12 is inserted sufficiently deep into the base shelf 4, the 
radius of curvature for the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 as constrained by 
the cable fixture 34 will be at least five times the diameter of the 
bundle 16, the center of the radius being the cable guidance band 30. 
FIG. 10 illustrates how to fasten flat coaxial cable bundles 16. The cable 
fixture 34 integrally comprises a pair of pawls 34a to fasten the flat 
coaxial cable bundles 16. The pawls 34a are formed in a staggered manner 
to hold the cable bundles 16 securely in the cable fixture 34. During 
cable installation work, the flat coaxial cable bundles 16 is first 
inserted between the pawls 34a as indicated. Turning the bundle 16 by 
about 45 degrees in the arrowed direction places it snugly into the cable 
fixture 34. To remove the cable bundle 16 involves simply turning it by 
about 45 degrees in the opposite direction away from the pawls 34a. 
Referring again to FIG. 7, a cable holding member 36 is attached to the 
middle front of the base PWB assembly 12. The cable holding member 36 
prevents the multiple flat coaxial cable bundles 16 from projecting in the 
direction of the adjacent base PWB assembly 12. A plurality of connector 
plugs 40 are attached parallelly to the lower front of the base PWB 
assembly 12. The connector plugs 40 are of a straight type such as to 
maximize the packing density of the electronic components on the PWB. The 
connector jacks 20 of the flat coaxial cable bundles 16 are connected from 
the top downwards to the respective connector plugs 40. 
FIG. 11 is a rear perspective view of an extension shelf included in the 
embodiment. For the ease of extension work, the extension shelf 8 has at 
its top a cable accommodation tray 10 furnished in an integral manner. A 
cable holder 42 is fixed to the cable accommodation tray 10. Flat coaxial 
cable bundles 16 are fastened to the cable holder 42 by use of fixing 
bands 44. A plurality of cable entry windows 45 are provided to let a 
plurality of flat coaxial cable bundles 16 enter the cable accommodation 
tray 10 in neat order. Each flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is fixed in such 
a manner as to leave an extra portion long enough to allow the extension 
PWB assembly 14 to be drawn out in an unconstrained manner in the forward 
direction. 
Referring now to FIG. 12, the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 is fastened with 
the fixing band 44 to the rear of the cable accommodation tray 10. The 
extra length portion 16c of the bundle 16 is contained inside the cable 
accommodation tray 10. The radius of curvature R for the extra length 
portion 16c of the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 used with the extension 
PWB assembly 14 is the same as that with the base PWB assembly 12. 
Preferably, the extra length portion 16c of the cable bundle 16 in the 
cable accommodation tray 10 is about half a single turn based on the above 
radius so that the extension PWB assembly 14 will be inserted and 
extracted smoothly. 
A plurality of cable passage cutouts 46 are provided at the front of the 
cable accommodation tray 10. These cutouts 46 are approximately of a 
U-shape each, cutting into the bottom place of the cable accommodation 
tray 10 and into the top plate of the extension shelf 8. The cut surfaces 
of the cutouts 46 are finished smoothly so as not to damage the flat 
coaxial cable bundles 16 passing therethrough. The cable bundles 16 are 
further protected by the spiral tubes 24 from abrasion with the cable 
passage cutouts 46. The radius of curvature for the extra length portion 
16c of each flat coaxial cable bundle 16 in the cable accommodation tray 
10 is set to be at least five times the diameter of the bundle 16. 
As shown clearly in FIG. 13, the flat coaxial cable bundle 16 past the 
cable passage cutout 46 extends downward guided by a cable guide 48a of a 
cable fixing and guiding member 48. The cable fixing and guiding member 48 
is attached to each extension PWB assembly 14. The connector jack 20 of 
the downward-extending flat coaxial cable bundle 16 plugs into a connector 
plug 50 of the extension PWB assembly 14. Preferably, the connector plug 
50 is of an L-angle type so that the crosswise dimension of the extension 
PWB assembly 14 will be minimized. 
Under the connector plug 50 is fixed a member 52 to which a cable holding 
member 54 is pivotably attached using screws 56. With the connector jack 
20 plugged into the connector plug 50, the cable holding member 54 is 
rotated clockwise so that a setscrew 58 furnished in the upper part of the 
member 54 may be screwed into a tapped hole 49 on a fixing portion 48b of 
the cable fixing and guiding member 48. This structure prevents the flat 
coaxial cable bundle 16 from getting dislodged sideways. 
To unfasten the cable holding member 54 involves, as depicted in FIG. 14, 
first rotating the setscrew 58 counterclockwise for disengagement from the 
tapped hole 59 and then letting the cable holding member 54 fall in the 
arrowed direction A. 
Described below with reference to FIG. 15 is how to connect a base PWB 
assembly with extension PWB assemblies according to the invention. Suppose 
that a base PWB assembly 12-1 on the base shelf 4 is connected to 
extension PWB assemblies 14-1 and 14-3 on an extension shelf 8-1, the 
assemblies currently operating. Where it is desired to add optical circuit 
channels to the above state, an additional base PWB assembly 12-2 on the 
base shelf 4 is connected illustratively to a newly installed extension 
shelf 8-2 using flat coaxial cable bundles. This allows extension work to 
be carried out without communication circuit disconnection. 
Channel interface changes are performed as follows. With today's 
communication equipment, it is customary to have a redundant duplex PWB 
assembly configuration constituting a main signal system. That is, an 
operating PWB assembly is taken over automatically in case of failure by a 
standby PWB assembly. On the extension shelf 8-2 shown in FIG. 15, it is 
assumed that assemblies 14-5 and 14-7 are currently operating PWB 
assemblies and assemblies 14-6 and 14-8 are standby PWB assemblies. 
There may be a case in which the channel interface of the above-mentioned 
PWB assemblies on the extension shelf 8-2 needs to be replaced with a 
different channel interface. In that case, the standby PWB assemblies 14-6 
and 14-8 not currently active with signals are replaced first. Then the 
operating PWB assemblies 14-5 and 14-7 are switched manually to route the 
signals to the standby PWB assemblies 14-6 and 14-8. Thereafter, the 
operating PWB assemblies 14-5 and 14-7 are replaced. In this manner, the 
channel interface may be changed easily without causing communication 
circuit disconnection. 
As many apparent different embodiments of this invention may be made 
without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be 
understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments 
thereof except as defined in the appended claims.