Fluid dispenser

A fluid dispenser comprises a container for fluid having release means coupled with the container which is operatively coupled with an actuating means for effecting periodic operation of the release means to effect release of a portion of the fluid in the container to an outlet. A convection chamber has a lower aperture for permitting entry of air and an upper aperture for permitting exit of air. The chamber is provided with a downwardly extending inner surface which is adsorbent and which is arranged to receive fluid portions from the outlet. The surface permits dispersion of the fluid downwardly on the surface to allow vaporization of the fluid in the convection air flow.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a fluid dispenser which is actuable periodically 
and automatically to dispense fluid for dispersal into the atmosphere. 
Fluid dispensers are known to us which employ a mechanism operated by an 
electric motor which effects periodic operation of an aerosol spray 
container to spray a perfumed aerosol into the atmosphere of a room. Such 
dispensers provide a very quick and noticable fragrance in the room but 
the effect reduces very quickly in the period before the next actuation of 
the mechanism. This is disadvantageous and although the effect can be 
reduced by reducing the time intervals this is not practical where battery 
operation of the electric motor is involved in view of the reduced battery 
life which would result. 
Dispensers of the wick type are also known to us in which a wick dips into 
a container of a perfumed volatile liquid and has one end exposed to the 
atmosphere. The liquid in the container is absorbed by the wick and is 
dispersed therefrom by vaporisation. Such an arrangement provides a 
continuous dispersion of fluid into the atmosphere and provides a 
substantially constant fragrance in a room. It has been discovered that 
such a continuous fragrance is less pleasing to occupiers of a room than 
the previously mentioned system in which the fragrance is periodically 
boosted. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
This invention seeks to provide a fluid dispenser in which the 
disadvantages of the before mentioned dispensers are obviated or reduced. 
According to the invention there is provided a fluid dispenser comprising a 
container for fluid, release means coupled with the container which 
release means has an outlet for said fluid and is operable to effect 
release of a portion of said fluid from the container via the outlet, 
actuating means operatively coupled with the release means for effecting 
periodic operation of the release means, and a convection chamber having a 
lower aperture for entry of air and an upper aperture for exit of air 
which convection chamber is provided with a downwardly extending inner 
absorbent surface arranged to receive the released portion of said fluid 
to permit dispersion downwardly on the surface and vaporisation of the 
fluid into the convection air flow, said downwardly extending surface 
being provided with a progressing series of generally transversally 
extending individual channels each having at least one centrally depressed 
chevron shape as seen in front elevation, and a plurality thereof having 
at least two transversally adjacent centrally depressed chevron shapes 
which adjoin at an apex; the central depressions of said chevron shapes in 
a plurality of instances of adjacent paired ones of said channels being 
transversally staggered, so that as a released fluid portion is received 
on said internal surface it is conducted laterally leftwards and 
rightwards toward said central depressions and overflows down said 
internal surface from upper ones to lower ones of said channels. 
The release means may be a pump and is preferably of the metering type. 
Alternatively, the container may be pressurised such that fluid is 
delivered upon actuation of a release means in the form of a release 
valve, for example an aerosol container. Preferably the release valve is 
of the metering type. 
The actuating means may comprise an electrically powered pump or valve 
actuator actuated periodically by a timing device and is preferably 
battery operated. 
Preferably the release means is arranged to spray the portion of released 
fluid onto the surface. 
In one particularly advantageous version of the invention there is provided 
a fluid dispenser comprising a container for a fluid, a pump coupled with 
the container and having an outlet spray nozzle, an actuator for said pump 
having an actuator mechanism operable by means of an electric motor, a 
timer connected in circuit with the electric motor and effective to 
actuate the motor periodically, a convection chamber having a lower 
aperture for entry of air and an upper aperture for exit of air to permit 
inflow and outflow of air by convection, the chamber having an aperture 
aligned with said outlet spray nozzle and internal surface generally 
vertically oriented and provided with a vertically progressing series of 
generally transversally extending individual channels each having at least 
one centrally depressed chevron shape as seen in front elevation, and a 
plurality thereof having at least two transversally adjacent centrally 
depressed chevron shapes which adjoin at an apex; the central depressions 
of said chevron shapes in a plurality of instances of vertically adjacent 
paired ones of said channels being transversally staggered, so that as a 
released fluid portion is sprayed on said internal surface, droplets 
thereof are conducted laterally leftwards and rightwards toward said 
central depressions and overflow down said internal surface from upper 
ones to lower ones of said channels.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In the drawing of FIG. 1 a sealed container 10 is filled with an air 
freshener liquid containing a perfuming or deodorizing agent. The 
container is fitted with a removable pump 11 of the plunger type in which 
a measured amount of liquid is delivered to an outlet pipe 12 each time 
the plunger is depressed. 
A housing 19 is provided with an elongate metal convection chamber 54 in 
the form of a vertical chimney of rectangular configuration. The chamber 
extends from the bottom to the top of the housing and has an inlet end 55 
at the bottom and an outlet end 56 at the top through which air passes by 
convection. In one side of the chamber 54 and towards the top there is 
provided an aperture 57 which is in alignment with the outlet from the 
pump 11 which in this case is fitted with a spray nozzle. Actuation of the 
pump which in this case is of the metering type is effected by an 
actuating mechanism as will be described and results in a spray of fluid 
onto the adsorbent inner surface of the convection chamber. 
The metering pump is actuated by an electrically driven actuator 15 
operated by dry batteries 16 and having an actuating arm 17. The actuator 
is operated periodically by a timer 18 arranged to effect a single or 
several depressions of the plunger of the pump 11 during short dispensing 
periods alternating with longer non dispensing time periods. 
The actuator has a reduction gearing employing gear wheels 31, 32 and 33, 
the wheel 31 being driven by an electric motor (not shown) and the final 
low speed gear being provided with a cam 34 which serves to actuate the 
pump 11. The arm 17 is pivoted at one end by means of a pivot 35 and is 
urged in a clockwise direction as viewed in the drawing by means of a 
strong spring 36, such that its end remote from the pivot engages the 
surfaces of the cam 34. The arm 17 is provided at a point part way 
therealong with an engagement portion 37 which engages with the plunger of 
the pump 11. As can be seen from the drawing the cam has an abrupt edge 
and when the gear 33 is rotates in a clockwise direction, as viewed in the 
drawing, the arm is moved suddenly under the action of the spring to 
depress the plunger of the pump when the end of the arm 17 drops over the 
abrupt edge on the cam. This operation is effected periodically by the 
timer. 
The container 10 has a transparent graduated scale 22 indicating, by the 
level of liquid, the number of days continuous operation that can be 
effected before the contents are used up. The capacity of the container 10 
can be arranged to be sufficient to cover the life of the batteries and an 
extended period of automatic trouble free operation is envisaged. This 
results in ease of maintenance in that batteries and liquid can be 
replaced at the same time. 
In operation some of the spray is released immediately as a vapour from the 
convection chamber and some of the spray coats the inner surface with fine 
droplets of fluid which droplets are gradually dispersed by vaporisation 
into the passing air at a rate dependent on the volatility of the contents 
of the fluid. This system has been found to be particularly effective and 
avoids any need to provide additional adsorbent or absorbent screens or 
pads as the inner surface of the metal convection chamber forms an 
adsorbent surface. However in some circumstances it is advantageous to 
provide a pad of absorbent material shown in the drawing as 58 at the 
bottom of the convection chamber. This prevents fluid dripping from the 
bottom and provides a further surface from which vaporisation takes place. 
Clearly the convection chamber can be formed of any other suitable 
material e.g. plastics and the inner surface may be etched or otherwise 
modified to increase its surface area to improve the adsorbency of the 
surface. It has been found that a particularly advantageous dispersion and 
holding effect for the fluid can be provided by means of carefully 
designed engraved channels which are of repetative chevron shape and 
extend transversely of the inner wall of the convection chamber opposite 
the aperture 57. Such a configuration is shown in FIG. 10. It will be seen 
that the points of the chevron channels 59 which are located downwardly 
are staggered in a direction transversely of the plate. The area of impact 
of the spray is indicated by the dotted line and fluid on the plate runs 
downwardly into the channels and is spread alternately inwardly and 
outwardly of the plate by being guided along the channels to a chevron 
point, flowing downwardly from the chevron point into the channel below 
and along that channel to the next chevron point etc. This procedure 
continues along the channels from top to bottom of the plate with the 
fluid being directed backwards and forwards across the plate. The 
direction of flow of fluid is shown by arrows in the drawing. The grooves 
can be provided in the plate by any suitable means but engraving has been 
found to be particularly advantageous in that the impression left by the 
engraving tool tends to slow down the movement of fluid. 
The diagram of FIG. 3 illustrates the use of a peristaltic pump 
configuration with the convection chamber 54 arrangement of FIG. 1. In 
this embodiment a collapsible plastics bag 60 for the fluid is contained 
within a container 61. A flexible supply pipe 62 which may be of for 
example plastics tube extends from within the bag 60 and is preferably 
sealed thereto at the exit from the bag. Such bags with pipes attached are 
used by the blood transfusion service and have been found particularly 
suitable for this application. The pipe 62 is fitted at one end with a 
spray nozzle 63 and is routed between rotatable impeller 64 and a support 
65. The impeller has a number of projections 66 and in the illustrated 
embodiment has four projections which are formed by the bevelled corners 
of an impeller of substantially square cross sectional form. The impeller 
is rotated periodically by means of a motor 67 powered by batteries 16 in 
response to a timer (not shown) in the manner previously described in 
relation to earlier described embodiments. Rotation of the impeller 66 in 
a clockwise direction as illustrated in the drawing causes the edges 66 to 
be wiped consecutively over the tube 62 and compress the tube bore between 
the edge and the support 65 causing flow of fluid along the tube towards 
the spray nozzle 63 by peristaltic action and spraying of fluid into the 
convection chamber 54. 
Tests have shown that the power consumption for a motor to operate a 
peristaltic pump arrangement of the configuration of FIG. 3 is 
considerably less than that required in the mechanisms of the embodiments 
of FIG. 1 and this is particularly advantageous when dry battery power 
sources are employed for the operation. Accordingly, it can advantageously 
be used to replace the mechanism used in the embodiments of FIG. 1. 
The embodiments described are susceptible of various modifications as 
follows: 
To avoid changing the container when partly used the reservoir may be 
arranged to be refillable in situ. This is effected by means of a filling 
aperture or non return filling valve 43 e.g. a silicon rubber seal at the 
top of the container. The container can then be topped up advantageously 
by means of a large syringe, such as a hypodermic syringe in the case of 
the silicon rubber seal, which has reverse calibrations to those on the 
container. In this way filling of the syringe to the same number as on the 
container will provide sufficient liquid to refill the container. 
Instead of employing a container 10 fitted with a pump 11 it is possible to 
substitute a pressurised container e.g. an aerosol container preferably 
having a metering outlet valve. However, in view of the controversy 
relating to the use of fluorocarbon propellents in such containers, which 
propellents are thought to harm the earth ozone layer, it is preferred to 
avoid such arrangements. 
A plurality of adsorbent absorbent surface can be provided to enhance the 
evaporation of the liquid. 
The timer and actuator may be operated by other means than battery power 
e.g. mains electricity or clockwork power. 
The dispenser can be employed to dispense any evaporable liquid which may 
contain any agent capable of transmission with the vapour during 
evaporation. Some possible agents are perfumes, deodorisers, bactericides 
pesticides. 
To enhance the flow of air through or past the adsorbent or absorbent 
surface a motorised fan may be provided and this can be arranged to 
operate continuously or periodically. 
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention 
is susceptible to various modification changes and adaptations.