Metal stock bender

A hand operated bending apparatus uses a lever arm which acts through a compound lever to increase the applied force. A pin, which mates with a number of holes at various distances along the compound lever linkage, permits changing the lever ratio readily. A bar extending outward from a forming die is slideably enclosed by a slide lock, which can wedge against the bar to lock the slide lock to the slide bar. The slide lock provides the pivot point for the operating lever arm to permit resetting the apparatus after a bend is made to allow bending metal stock by a number of successive steps with little time penalty.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to an apparatus for bending metal stock using manual 
power only. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A variety of metal stock benders using manual power only are available 
which use a compound lever to increase the amount of power applied to 
bending the metal. Examples are J. Wood, U.S. Pat. No. 757,078; J. Garton, 
U.S. Pat. No. 2,424,024; H. M. James, U.S. Pat. No. 2,701,001 and B. 
Fjellstrom, U.S. Pat. No. 3,763,685. 
None of these patents address the problem presented when a compound lever 
arrangement is used to increase the amount of power applied, namely the 
corresponding reduction in bending range as the leverage is increased, 
which is directly proportional to the increase in power obtained by the 
compound lever. 
An additional problem not addressed is means for changing the bend radius 
and shape readily. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The instant invention uses an operating lever to force a roller die around 
a forming die to bend metal stock located between the two. The operating 
lever acts through a compound lever arrangement to increase the amount of 
power available. This power increase is very desirable in that it permits 
the use of inexpensive and safe manual equipment for heavy metal stock 
that could not otherwise be bent by hand, rather than the expensive and 
potentially dangerous power driven equipment usually required. However, as 
discussed earlier, there is a trade-off in a reduction in the amount of 
bending provided by the use of a compound lever that corresponds directly 
to this increase in force. 
This invention addresses the problem of this reduction in the amount of 
bending in two ways. First, a number of linkage points for a variety of 
compound lever ratios are selected by merely inserting pins through one of 
a number of holes at different points along the compound lever linkage. 
this provides a quick and easy means to easily change the compound lever 
ratio and allows the operator to select a lever ratio which will provide 
only as much force as is necessary for him to bend a particular metal 
stock. A minimum force uses a minimum lever ratio which results in a 
maximum bending range. 
Second, a simple and quick means of changing the bending initiation point 
is provided. this permits using several successive bends to accomplish a 
large bend angle in a minimum amount of time. this effectively overcomes 
the time disadvantage if several bending steps are required. This is 
accomplished by changing the distance between the operating lever pivot 
point and the forming die. A slide bar attached to the forming die extends 
past the operating lever pivot point. A slide lock, which can either slide 
over the slide bar or be locked to *the slide bar, contains the pivot 
point for the operating lever. 
The locking action is provided by the inclination of the slide lock with 
respect to the slide bar. The slide lock consists of two slide lock plates 
which are separated enough to slideably enclose the slide bar. A pair of 
bolts attach these plates together along one side of the slide bar, while 
a single bolt attaches the plates together along the opposite side of the 
slide bar. The bolts are arranged such that the slide lock bolts along one 
side can be inclined slightly with respect to the slide bar, and such that 
the slide lock can slide readily over the slide bar when these two bolts 
are parallel to the slide bar, but when these two bolts are inclined 
slightly one of those two bolts and the bolt on the opposite side will jam 
into the slide bar and lock the two together. A second embodiment of this 
lock has a plurality of spaced apart notches along one side of the slide 
bar which the slide lock bolt engages. 
A slide lock lever attached to one of the slide lock plates permits manual 
cocking or uncocking of the slide lock with respect to the slide bar to 
lock or unlock the two parts. 
As mentioned, the slide lock contains the pivot point for the operating 
lever. Using the slide lock to change the position of the operating 
lever's pivot point provides a quick and easy means to change the location 
of the operating lever pivot point and to reset the apparatus for 
subsequent bends of the same stock. 
To perform a bend, the stock is mounted in the bender with the portion to 
be bent located between the forming die and the roller die, with the slide 
lock unlocked to slide freely over the slide bar, the operating lever is 
fully extended and the slide lock is then locked to the slide bar by 
cocking it using the slide lock lever. The operating lever is then 
retracted to make a bend in the stock. If the resulting bend is less than 
the amount required, the slide lock is released using the slide lock 
lever, the operating lever is again fully extended, the slide lock is 
relocked to the slide bar using the slide lock lever, and the operating 
lever retracted to make another bend. This process can be repeated rapidly 
until the resulting bend is the required amount. 
Each of the above improvements address and reduce the problem presented by 
the inevitable trade-off in the reduction of bending range when a compound 
lever is used to increase bending power. 
In addition to the above improvements, which are directed to problems 
created by the use of a compound lever, the instant invention also 
provides a simple means to substitute for both the forming die and the 
roller die used for different diameter bends.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to FIG. 6, an exploded view of bender 10 is shown. Bender 10 has 
a base 12 secured to the floor, upon which is mounted a supporting 
pedestal 14. U-shaped forming die holder 16 is mounted upon generally 
triangular shaped bracket 17 and both are secured to the top of pedestal 
14 by two bolts 15. The top of bolts 15 are recessed within forming die 
holder 16 and he opposite ends secured on the underside of bracket 17 
using mating nuts. 
Forming die holder 16 is formed from a single sheet of metal which is 
blanked to the shape shown, the various holes are then stamped and the 
result is bent to the shape shown. The lower outer portion of forming die 
holder 16 is circular in shape with a number of stop holes 18 about the 
periphery. Stop holes 18 provide a means to secure an end stop of 
predetermine the amount of ben in the object operated upon. Opposed 
centered holes 20 provide pivot point which will be discussed later. A 
number of pairs of beginning stop holes 22, which are opposite each other 
extending outward from center hole 20, provide a means for predetermining 
the starting point of the bend. stop holes 22 at various distances from 
center holes 20 provide a means to secure a variety of accessory shapes 
such as a block, not shown, if any are desired. A stop block bearing 
against one end of the object being bent can provide a right angle bane 
rather than simply a curved shape. 
A forming die 24 with a center hole 26 is secured within U-shaped forming 
die holder 16 by center pin 28 which extends through center holes 20 in 
U-shaped forming die holder 16 and also through center hole 26. This 
permits changing a forming die 24 readily to substitute a different type 
die. Forming dies 24 having different diameters are used to provide 
different radii bends. Clamp holes, 30 having mounting holes 31, provide a 
means to mount tube clamp 32, which is mounted over a pipe to be bent, 
which is placed within forming die 24 using clamp pin 33, which mates with 
holes 30 and 31 to hold the pipe securely in place. The forming die 24 
shown here has a groove with a semi-circular shape about its periphery to 
accommodate a pipe, however the surface can be flat rather than 
semi-circular in shape in order to accommodate flat stock for bending. 
A cylindrical shaped spacer 34 is mounted between arms of forming die 
holder 16 and is secured in place by a bolt through mating aligned holes 
in the arms, which also extend through the spacer, which is secured in 
place by a mating nut. 
Slide bar 36 is secured to two opposed side plates 38. slide bar is secured 
to forming die holder 16 by bolts 40 secured by nuts 42. Bolts 40 extend 
through aligned mating holes 44 in side plates 38 and bear against spacer 
34. Slide lock 46 is made up of two identical slide lock plates 48, which 
are spaced apart enough to slideably enclose slide bar 36. Slide lock 
lever 50 is mounted on slide lock 46. Slide lock plates 48 are held 
together on one side of slide bar 36 along with slide lock lever 50 by 
bolts 51 and 52. slide lock plates 48 are held together on the opposite 
side of slide bar 36 by bolt 54. Bolts 51, 52 and 54 extend through 
aligned mating holes in plates 48 and in lever 50, and are secured in 
place by mating nuts. slide lock 46 is placed over slide bar 36 and 
prevented from sliding off of the far end of the bar by stop bolt 56 
extending through a matching hole 57 in the end of the bar, which is 
secured by a mating nut 58. A solid bearing 60 extends through mating 
aligned holes in both side plates 48. 
Operating lever 62 has a bifurcated and 64 opposite a handle 66. Bifurcated 
end 64 has two sets of opposed aligned holes 68 at different distances 
from handle 66. 
Push bars 70 are held spaced apart by two cylindrical shaped push bar 
spacers 72. Spacers 72 are secured in place by bolts extending through 
aligned mating holes in spacers 72 and push bars 70, which are secured by 
nuts. Space bars 70 have equal size opposed aligned holes 74 and 76 on 
opposite ends. 
Space bars 75 are spaced such as to fit within bifurcated end 64 of 
actuating lever 62 and are pivotally secured in place by pin 75 extending 
through an aligned pair of holes 68 in bifurcated end 64, excepting for 
the outer pair of holes, and through the aligned holes 74 in push bars 70. 
Bearing 60 has a length which will fit between the bifurcated end 64 of 
operating lever 62 with the same size interior opening as holes 68. 
Bearing 60, and slide lock 46 are pivotally held in place within 
bifurcated end 64 by pin 77, which is sized to fit and extends through the 
outermost aligned holes 68 of he bifurcated end of operating lever 62 and 
the bearing. 
Roller die holder 78 consists of two inner opposed arms 80 and two outer 
end caps 82. Arms 80 have sets of opposed aligned holes 8 extending along 
their length being bent outwardly immediately adjacent to end caps 82 and 
then being bent parallel to one another far enough apart to accommodate 
roller die 84. Roller die 84 has a central hole 86, which is the same size 
as holes 85, being sized to accept pin 88 which secures the die pivotably 
in place. This permits changing roller die 84 readily to substitute a 
different type die. Note that the end holes 85 of arms 80 are not used for 
this purpose. End caps 82 have an extension which contains aligned holes 
90 sized to accept pin 92. Push bars 70 also fit within the extensions of 
end caps 82 and are pivotally held in place there by pin 92 extending 
through upper end cap 82 hole 90, thence through push bar 70 aligned holes 
76 and finally through lower end cap 82 hole 90. 
Arms 80 of roller die holder 78 are also sized to fit around forming die 
24, and the end holes 85 of the arms are sized to receive pin 28 and 
secure it pivotally in place about forming die 24. 
This description covers only the physical structure of bender 10. FIGS. 1 
through 3 are used to describe the operation of bender 10, and FIGS. 4, 5 
and 7 are used to describe the operation of slide lock 46. 
In FIG. 1, bender 10 is shown assembled. FIG. 2 shows the bender 10 before 
a bend is initiated, and FIG. 3 shows the bender at the conclusion of a 
bend. The diameter of forming die 24 will determine the radius of stock to 
be bent. The particular hole 68 selected to receive pin 75 will determine 
the leverage of the compound lever. In this arrangement slide bar 36 forms 
the fixed portion of the compound lever which pulls against center pin 28 
thence against forming die 24. Operating lever 62 acts through pin 68 on 
push bars 70 to roller die holder 78 which forces roller die 84 against 
forming die 24. The particular hole 85 selected to receive pin 88 will 
depend upon the size of roller die 84 and forming die 24. This shows how 
simply the leverage ration can be changed by merely moving pin 75 to 
different aligned holes 68 in bifurcated end 64 of lever arm 62. the use 
of pins 28 and 88 likewise permit the ready substitution of different 
diameter forming dies 24 and roller dies 84 respectively. As discussed 
earlier, while a pipe is illustrated being bent here, merely by changing 
the surface of forming die 24 to one with a flat surface, the forming die 
will accommodate flat stock. 
In FIG. 2, tube 94 is shown held in place by tube clamp 32 adjacent to 
forming die 24. slide lock lever 50 is inclined inward to slide bar 36 
which inclines slide lock 46 with respect to the slide bar causing bolt 52 
and 54 to jam against the bar. This will lock slide lock 46 with respect 
to slide bar 36. Operating lever is extended in the position ready to 
initiate bending. 
In FIG. 3, operating arm 62 has been retracted to the left, which forces 
push bars 70 against roller die holder, which in turn causes roller die 84 
to bend tube 94 approximately ninety degrees. Note that slide lock lever 
50 is still inclined inward locking slide lock 46 against slide bar 36. In 
this example if a 180 degree bend were desired, slide lock lever 50 would 
be moved parallel to slide bar 36 to unlock the two, operating lever 62 
would be extended to the orientation of FIG. 2, the slide lock lever would 
again be moved to the position shown in FIG. 3, and the bending cycle 
would be repeated. 
For clarity, FIG. 4, illustrates the unlocked position of slide lock 46 
with respect to slide bar 36 while FIG. 5 illustrates the locked position 
of the slide lock to the slide bar. 
FIG. 7 illustrates a second version of the apparatus, where slide bar 36 
contains a number of identical notches 94, which are equally spaced along 
one edge. Notches 94 provide a recess for bolt 54 when the slide lock is 
engaged as in FIG. 5. When the slide lock is engaged, notches 94 receive 
bolt 54 which greatly increases the holding power of the lock since the 
bolt must now be forced out of the notch to move slide lock 46 with 
respect to slide bar 36. Previously, only the friction between bolt 54 and 
the edge of slide bar 36 had to be overcome to move slide lock 46 with 
respect to the slide bar. 
In this preferred embodiment all the parts, with the exception of the 
handle, are formed of steel, and all the jointing of parts, excepting 
where they are joined by nuts and bolts as indicated, is by welding. Any 
material having similar strength and rigidity and any joining means having 
similar strength can be substituted with identical result. 
This invention retains the advantages of a compound lever in that it 
provides large forces by multiplying the initial force applied manually, 
but minimizes or eliminates the resulting disadvantages. In addition, 
either the forming or the roller die can readily be changed to accommodate 
different radius size or shape requirements. 
While this invention has been described with respect to specific 
embodiments, these description are not intended to be construed in a 
limiting sense. Various modifications of the illustrative embodiments, as 
well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons 
skilled in the art upon reference to this description. It is therefore 
contemplated that the appended claims will cover any such modifications or 
embodiments as fall within the true scope of the invention.