Drone based methods and systems for transfer of data storage cartridges in an automated data storage library system

A data storage system that moves and transfers components utilizing drone systems is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a plurality of data storage libraries comprising a first data storage library for the storage, reading, and writing of data on a plurality of data storage cartridges and a second data storage library for the storage of data on a plurality of data storage cartridges, and at least one drone vehicle. The system also includes a processing device and a non-transitory, computer-readable memory containing programming instructions. The programming instructions are configured to cause the processing device to receive a request to transfer a data storage component to a destination location, in response to receiving the request, instruct a drone vehicle to transfer the data storage component to the destination location, and transfer the data storage component to the destination location by the drone vehicle.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a data storage library for the storage and transfer of data, and more specifically, to a data storage library system that moves and transfers components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) utilizing drone systems.

Automated data storage libraries are known for providing cost effective storage and retrieval of large quantities of data. The data in automated data storage libraries is typically stored on media of data storage cartridges that are, in turn, stored at storage slots or the like inside the library in a fashion that renders the media, and its resident data, accessible for physical retrieval. Such data storage cartridges are commonly termed “removable media.” Data storage cartridge media may comprise any type of media on which data may be stored and which may serve as removable media, including, but not limited to, magnetic media (such as magnetic tape or disks), optical media (such as optical tape or disks), electronic media (such as PROM, EEPROM, flash PROM, COMPACTFLASH™, SMARTMEDIA™, MEMORY STICK™, etc.), or other suitable media. An example of a data storage cartridge that is widely employed in automated data storage libraries for mass data storage is a magnetic tape cartridge.

Automated data storage libraries typically comprise data storage cartridge slots and cells to store and hold one or more data storage cartridges, and data storage drives that store data to, and/or retrieve data from, the media associated with the data storage cartridges. Data storage cartridge slots in a data storage library can be grouped into one or more frames and a library can include several frames each storing, for example, the same or different media types. Further, automated data storage libraries typically comprise import/export (I/O) stations at which data storage cartridges are supplied or added to, or removed from, the library. The transport of data storage cartridges between data storage slots, data storage drives, and I/O stations is typically accomplished by one or more robotic accessors. Such accessors have grippers for physically retrieving the selected data storage cartridges from the storage slots within the automated data storage library and transporting such cartridges to and from the data storage drives and/or I/O stations by moving, for example, in the horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) directions.

A robotic accessor in a data storage system typically traverses the array of data storage cartridge slots and cells using carousel structures, draw cable devices, and track/rail type systems. These systems may have a guide rail (or track) and a carriage (e.g., an accessor) that moves the data storage cartridges to and from the data storage drives. The guide rail forms a path for directing the carriage to any desired position, be it in a continuous loop of a carousel, a straight line, or other combinations of straight and curved sections.

Each data storage library typically has a finite capacity for data storage cartridges, so if the overall capacity requirements of a customer exceeds the finite capacity of the data storage library, additional frames and/or a plurality of data storage libraries may have to be used and/or connected together in order to meet the capacity requirements of the customer. One method of creating large data storage libraries is to generate long library strings or banks where multiple library storage units are arranged adjacent one another and pass-through ports are provided for passing data storage cartridges from one library storage module or frame to another adjacent library storage module or frame. In this arrangement, the host computer can direct a library storage module not having a data storage cartridge drive to pass a data storage cartridge to an adjacent library storage module where it is picked up by the robotic arm of the adjacent library storage module and transported to and inserted in a data storage drive of the adjacent library storage module. This arrangement obviously provides advantages to managers of large amounts of data who are able to simply add additional library storage modules as their need for data storage grows.

However, traditional pass-through mechanisms take space away from the primary function of the library storage module (that is storing data storage cartridges), initially are expensive to manufacture and install, are more expensive to maintain over the useful life of the library storage module, and require a library control unit to interpret and convey commands between a host computer and the library control unit of each library storage module.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, a data storage system that moves and transfers components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) utilizing drone systems is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of data storage libraries comprising a first data storage library for the storage, reading, and writing of data on a plurality of data storage cartridges and a second data storage library for the storage of data on a plurality of data storage cartridges, and at least one drone vehicle. The system also includes a processing device and a non-transitory, computer-readable memory containing programming instructions. The programming instructions are configured to cause the processing device to receive a request to transfer a data storage component to a destination location, in response to receiving the request, instruct a drone vehicle to transfer the data storage component to the destination location, and transfer the data storage component to the destination location by the drone vehicle.

In an embodiment, each of the plurality of data storage libraries may comprise a data storage drive, a plurality of data storage slots, a library controller, at least one of the group consisting of an import/export (I/O) station, a pass-through portal, a magazine slot and combinations thereof, one or more frames, and a docking station configured to associate with a drone vehicle. In some embodiments, docking station may include a docking structure, and a power source configured to supply power to a drone vehicle associated with the docking station. The docking station may also include a coupling interface configured to operably couple the docking station to the data storage library. In certain embodiments, the docking structure also comprises one or more docking aids that are configured to engage one or more landing structures of a drone and form a stable attachment. Examples of such docking aids may include, without limitation, slots, brackets, wedges, channels, tethers, grooves, recesses, latches, hooks, pins, and magnetic docking aids configured to exert an electromagnetic field, and combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, the at least one drone vehicle may comprise a flight assembly, a frame, one or more landing structures, a power source, a package holding and securing assembly; and a control unit comprising a processing device and a memory. In certain embodiments, the package holding and securing assembly may include a gripper assembly configured to perform one or more of retrieving, releasing, and/or holding a data storage component. In some embodiments, the package holding and securing assembly may also include at least one of the group consisting of a storage slot, a magazine slot, and a holding structure for holding a data storage component during transfer. In an embodiment, the data storage system may further include a scanner module configured to read information from a data storage component.

In some embodiments, the destination location may include, for example, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, and/or a pass-through portal of a data storage library.

In yet other embodiments, the data storage system further comprises a vault storage configured for long-term storage of a plurality of data storage cartridges. In such embodiments, the destination location may include, for example, a vault storage cell, a vault magazine slot, and/or a vault I/O station.

According to another embodiment of the disclosure, a drone vehicle for transferring data storage components in a data storage system is disclosed. The drone vehicle comprises a flight assembly, a frame, at least one landing structure, a package holding and securing assembly configured to hold and release a data storage component, a power source, a processing device; and a non-transitory, computer-readable memory containing programming instructions. The programming instructions may be are configured to cause the processing device to: receive a command for transferring a data storage component from a source location to a destination location, by the package securing system, cause the drone vehicle to hold the data storage component, and by the flight assembly, cause the drone vehicle to move to the destination location. The drone vehicle is configured to move and transfer data storage components to and from a data storage library in a data storage system.

In some embodiments, the at least one landing structure may include one or more landing sensors. Examples of landing sensors may include, without limitation, an optical sensor, a radio sensor, a contact sensor, a proximity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor, and/or combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the package holding and securing assembly may include a gripper assembly configured to perform one or more of retrieving, releasing, and/or holding a data storage component. In some embodiments, the package holding and securing assembly may also include a holding structure for holding a data storage component during transfer.

In an embodiment, the drone vehicle may also include a scanner module configured to retrieve information from a data storage cartridge.

In some embodiments, the drone vehicle is further configured to move and transfer data storage components to and from a vault storage in the data storage system.

According to another embodiment of the disclosure, a method for transferring data storage components within a data storage system is disclosed. The method may include instructing a drone vehicle to transfer a data storage component to a destination location, and transferring the data storage component to the destination location by the drone vehicle, wherein the destination location comprises at least one of the group consisting of a data storage library and a vault storage.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1A & 1B, andFIG. 2illustrate an example of a data storage system, e.g., an automated data storage library10, which stores and retrieves data storage cartridges, containing data storage media (not shown), from multi-cartridge deep slot storage slots100and single cartridge storage slots16. Herein, storage slot and storage cell refer to a location that may hold a data storage cartridge and the terms may be used interchangeably. Data storage library10also includes data storage drives15which read data from and/or write data to data storage cartridges. Examples of an automated data storage library which has a similar configuration as that depicted inFIGS. 1A & 1B, andFIG. 2, and may be implemented with some of the various approaches herein may include IBM TS4500 Tape Library or the IBM TS3500 Tape Library. The library10may comprise a single frame11(as shown inFIG. 2) or multiple frames (as shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B).

The library10ofFIG. 1Acomprises a left hand service bay13, one or more storage frames11, and right hand service bay14. A frame11may comprise an expansion component of a library. The storage frames may be added or removed to expand or reduce the size and/or functionality of the library.

FIG. 2shows an exemplary embodiment of a storage frame11, which may act as the base frame of the library10. The storage frame11illustrated inFIG. 2may have only a single robotic accessor18(i.e., there are no redundant accessors) to transport the data storage cartridges between the data storage slots, data storage drives, I/O stations, etc. The storage frame11inFIG. 2has no service bays. In other embodiments, a storage frame may include multiple robotic accessors and the data storage library may have one or more service bays. The service bays13,14act as a garage for holding the accessor away from the normal operating space during service or when the other accessor needs to gain access to data storage media or data storage drives that are close in proximity to the service bay.

Referring now toFIG. 2, the library10is arranged for accessing data storage media in response to commands from at least one external host system (not shown). The library10includes a plurality of storage slots16on front door17and a plurality of multi-cartridge deep slot cells100on rear wall19, both of which may be used for storing data storage cartridges that may contain data storage media. According to one approach, the storage slots16are configured to store a single data storage cartridge, and the multi-cartridge deep slot cells100are configured to store a plurality of data storage cartridges. The arrangement and positioning of the storage slots16and the deep slot cells100may be different than that illustrated inFIG. 2.

With continued reference toFIG. 2, the storage frame11of the library10also includes at least one data storage drive15, e.g., for reading and/or writing data with respect to the data storage media in the data storage cartridges. Additionally, a first robotic accessor18may be used to transport data storage cartridges containing data storage media between the plurality of storage slots16, the multi-cartridge deep slot cells100, the data storage drive(s)15, the I/O stations24,25, and/or pass-through mechanism portal120that may be associated with the library10. The robotic accessor18moves within channel or aisle12formed in the data storage frame. According to various approaches, the data storage drives15may be optical tape or disk drives, magnetic tape or disk drives, electronic media drive, or other types of data storage drives that read and/or write data with respect to the data storage media. Storage frame11may also include an input or import station24and an output or export station25for transporting or transferring components such as data storage cartridges or data storage magazines in and out of the library10. The accessor18may include a gripper20for retrieving, grabbing and/or releasing data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, or other components. Herein, a magazine refers to an assembly, structure or housing that can hold two or more data storage cartridges and can be removed or installed in one or more locations, i.e., a magazine slot (not shown here) in a data storage library.

As illustrated inFIG. 1A, the storage frame11may optionally include an operator panel23or other user interface, such as a web-based interface, which allows a user to interact with the library10. Optionally, the library10may have an associated software application having a user interface, which also allows a user to interact with the library10. The software application may be executable on a computing device, a remote server, a cloud or a mobile device.

As data storage needs grow, customers move to larger and larger libraries. Many automated data storage libraries are expandable by adding storage modules/frames11that may also contain additional data storage slots and drives. As shown inFIG. 1A, a frame11may comprise an expansion component of the library. Thus, storage frames11may be added or removed to expand or reduce the size and/or functionality of the library. According to different approaches, frames11may include additional storage slots16, deep storage slot cells100, data storage drives15, import/export (I/O) stations24/25, accessors18, operator panels, controller cards, communication cards, etc.

The transport of data storage cartridges between storage frames11, bays13/14and/or libraries is typically accomplished by a robotic accessor. In addition, automated data storage libraries may support more than one accessor for improved performance and/or improved reliability. Two basic approaches to the use of multiple accessors in data storage libraries are commonly used. In one case, each module may contain a “pass through” port (e.g.,120inFIG. 1B) or passageways (e.g.,12inFIG. 1AandFIG. 2) that allows a cartridge to be moved from one module (or frame) to another. In the second case, two or more accessors share the entire space of data storage library so that any accessor could access any data storage cartridge. For example, multiple libraries may be connected together with internal channels (FIG. 1A) or pass-through mechanisms (FIG. 1B) for transporting data storage cartridges between the multiple frames11and/or bays13/14. For example, in one embodiment, an accessor aisle or channel12preferably extends between the storage frames11and bays13,14of the embodiment inFIG. 1Athereby allowing a robotic accessor18to move between frames and/or bays to transport data storage cartridges. When multiple frames11are connected together, the track upon which the robotic accessor is riding on or attached to typically extends between the frames in the internal channel (or aisle)12so that the accessor can move between the library frames. A moveable and/or deployable panel21may be displaced to cover and/or block (as well uncover and/or unblock) aisle12from communicating with the exterior of the data storage library. Panel21may be moved and/or removed to permit access to the interior of the service bays13,14and/or storage frames11. Panel21may comprise a window to permit visibility into the library10. It will be appreciated that one or more channels may be associated with the library.

Data storage libraries and frames typically have a maximum configuration before multiple libraries have to be connected together with pass-through-mechanisms for transporting data storage cartridges between the library frames.FIG. 1Bshows multiple libraries connected together with external pass-through mechanisms for transporting data storage cartridges between the multiple libraries. While, inFIG. 1B, three data storage libraries10a,10b, and10care coupled via three external pass-through mechanisms30a,30b, and30c, it will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments more or less data storage libraries and pass-through mechanisms may be present. For example, in certain embodiments, ten data storage libraries may be coupled via two pass-through mechanisms. As shown inFIG. 1B, the pass-through mechanisms30a,30b, and30care in an overhead position over the data storage libraries. For example, data storage libraries may be placed on a floor of a room, and the pass-through mechanisms may be placed between the ceiling of the room and the top of the data storage libraries while still allowing walking access to operator or service personnel underneath the pass-through mechanisms30a,30b, and30c. In certain alternative embodiments, the pass-through mechanisms30a,30b, and30ccan be configured to be below the data storage libraries. Still further, libraries may be butted up against each other and pass-through mechanisms may be located on adjacent or adjoining walls of two different libraries. Other configurations for the pass-through mechanisms and data storage libraries are contemplated.

In an embodiment ofFIG. 1B, a data storage cartridge that is initially in a library frame11of a first library may be placed by a robotic system (such as an accessor assembly discussed below) in a pass-through portal120associated with the first library10ato an external pass-through mechanism30c. The pass-through mechanism30ccan then move the data storage cartridge via a rail or another mechanical device to a position that is proximate to (i.e., close to and/or within) a pass-through portal120associated with a second library10b, wherein a robotic accessor assembly associated with the second library10bmay pick up the data storage cartridge from the pass-through portal120and place the data storage cartridge in a frame11of the second library10b. In certain embodiments, the first and second libraries are separate and remote from each other while in alternate embodiments the first library and the second library are proximate and/or adjacent to (e.g., fits into or touch) each other.

Referring now toFIG. 3, the automated data storage library10as described in reference toFIGS. 1A & 1B, andFIG. 2, is depicted according to one embodiment. According to a preferred approach, the library10may employ a controller, e.g., arranged as a distributed system of modules with a plurality of processor nodes.

In one approach, the library is controlled, not by a central controller, but rather, by a distributed control system for receiving logical commands and converting the commands to physical movements of the accessor and gripper, and for operating the drives in accordance with the desired physical movements. The distributed control system may also provide logistical support, such as responding to host requests for element status, inventory, library status, etc. The specific commands, the conversion of those commands to physical movements of the accessor, gripper, controllers, and other components, and the operation of the drives may be of a type known to those of skill in the art.

While the automated data storage library10has been described as employing a distributed control system, various other approaches described and/or suggested herein may be implemented in automated data storage libraries regardless of control configuration, such as, but not limited to, an automated data storage library having one or more library controllers that are not distributed.

Referring still toFIG. 3, the library10may have one or more storage frames11, a left hand service bay13and a right hand service bay14. The left hand service bay13is shown with a first accessor18, where, as discussed above, the first accessor18may include a gripper assembly20and/or a reading system22to “read” identifying information about the data storage media depending on the desired embodiment. Furthermore, the right hand service bay14is shown having a second accessor28, which includes a gripper assembly30and may also include a reading system32to “read” identifying information about the data storage media. Also, an operator panel processor node59may be provided at the optional operator panel23for providing an interface for communicating between the operator panel and the communication processor node50, the work processor nodes52,252, and the XY processor nodes55,255. Moreover, the illustrative control system may additionally include an extension network200that forms a network coupled to network60of the storage frame(s)11and to network157of left hand service bay13as illustrated inFIG. 3. However, as mentioned above, this is for illustrative purposes and in an alternate embodiment, network157may not be associated with the left hand service bay13and network200may not be associated with the right hand service bay14. Moreover, depending on the design of the library, the data storage library may not include a left hand service bay13and/or a right hand service bay14.

With continued reference toFIG. 3, library10receives commands from one or more host systems40,41,42. The host systems40,41,42, such as host servers, communicate with the library directly, e.g., on line80(e.g., path), through one or more control ports (not shown), or through one or more data storage drives15on paths81,82. Thus, in different approaches, the host systems40,41,42may provide commands to access particular data storage cartridges and move the cartridges, for example, between the storage slots16, the deep slot cells100, the data storage drives15of library10, the I/O stations24,25. The commands are typically logical commands identifying the data storage cartridges or data storage cartridge media, and/or logical locations for accessing the media. Furthermore, it should be noted that the terms “commands” and “work requests” are used interchangeably herein to refer to such communications from the host system40,41,42to the library10as are intended to result in accessing particular data storage media within the library10depending on the desired approach.

According to one embodiment, the library10may be controlled by a library controller. Moreover, in various approaches, the library controller may include a distributed control system receiving the logical commands from hosts, determining the required actions, and/or converting the actions to physical movements of the first and/or second accessors18,28and/or gripper assemblies20,30. In another approach, the distributed control system may have a plurality of processor nodes, each having one or more computer processors. According to one example of a distributed control system, a communication processor node50may be located in a storage frame11. The communication processor node provides a communication link for receiving the host commands, either directly or through the data storage drives15, via at least one external interface, e.g., coupled to line80.

As illustrated inFIG. 3, the communication processor node50is coupled to each of the data storage drives15of a storage frame11, via lines70, and may communicate with the data storage drives15and with host systems40,41,42. Alternatively, the host systems40,41,42may be directly coupled to the communication processor node50, at line80(e.g., input) for example, or to control port devices (not shown) which connect the library to the host system(s) with a library interface similar to the drive/library interface. As is known to those of skill in the art, various communication arrangements may be employed for communication with the hosts and with the data storage drives. In the example ofFIG. 3, lines80and81are intended to be Ethernet and a SCSI bus, respectively, and may serve as host connections. However, path82comprises an example of a Fibre Channel bus which is a high speed serial data interface, allowing transmission over greater distances than the SCSI bus systems.

According to some approaches, the data storage drives15may be in close proximity to the communication processor node50, and may employ a short distance communication scheme, such as Ethernet, or a serial connection, such as RS-422. Thus, the data storage drives15may be individually coupled to the communication processor node50by lines70. Alternatively, the data storage drives15may be coupled to the communication processor node50through one or more networks.

Furthermore, additional storage frames11may be provided, whereby each is preferably coupled to the adjacent storage frame, although additional storage frames may be possible in different library banks or storage. According to various approaches, any of the additional storage frames11may include communication processor nodes50, storage slots16, storage slots100, data storage drives15, networks60, etc. Herein, frame may refer to an expansion component of a library, an expandable library and/or a non-expandable library.

An automated data storage library10typically comprises one or more controllers to direct the operation of the automated data storage library. Moreover, host computers and data storage drives typically include similar controllers. A library controller may take many different forms and may comprise, for example, but is not limited to, an embedded system, a distributed control system, a personal computer, a workstation, etc. The term “library controller” as used herein is intended in its broadest sense as a device that includes at least one processor, and optionally further circuitry and/or logic, for controlling and/or providing at least some aspects of library operations.

Referring again toFIGS. 1-3, according to one embodiment, the controller of automated data storage library10may operate the accessor(s)18,28to selectively extract, place and/or transport data storage cartridges with respect to the multi-cartridge deep slot storage slots100, the storage slots16, the data storage drives15the I/O stations24,25, and/or other elements, components and/or assemblies of the automated data storage library10. For example, the controller may facilitate extracting a cartridge from a multi-cartridge deep slot cell100or the storage slots16, transporting the cartridge to a data storage drive15, and placing the cartridge in the data storage drive15. The controller may then direct the accessor to extract the cartridge from the data storage drive15and to transport the cartridge to a specific multi-cartridge deep slot cell100, and place the cartridge therein. Some libraries may transport magazines, which hold two or more cartridges, for part or all of a cartridge transport. For example, a magazine may contain a desired cartridge and the magazine may be transported in an effort to transport the desired cartridge.

In one embodiment, one or more data storage cartridges may be added into the library, e.g., at an I/O station24,25and/or a pass-through portal120, whereby the controller of the automated data storage library10may then operate the accessor(s)18,28to transport the cartridge(s) to specific multi-cartridge deep slot cell(s)100, and/or single cartridge storage slots16, and place the cartridge(s) therein. Similarly, the controller may operate the accessor(s) to selectively extract, data storage cartridges with respect to the single cartridge storage slots16and/or multi-cartridge deep slot cell(s)100, and transport the cartridge to an I/O station24,25and/or a pass-through portal120.

Referring now toFIG. 4, a typical controller400is shown with a processor402, Random Access Memory (RAM)403, nonvolatile memory404, device specific circuits401, and input output (I/O) interface405. Alternatively, the RAM403and/or nonvolatile memory404may be contained in the processor402as could the device specific circuits401and I/O interface405. The processor402may comprise, for example, an off-the-shelf microprocessor, custom processor, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), discrete logic, etc. The RAM403is typically used to hold variable data, stack data, executable instructions, etc.

According to various approaches, the nonvolatile memory404may comprise any type of nonvolatile memory such as, but not limited to, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), battery backup RAM, hard disk drives, etc. However, the nonvolatile memory404is typically used to hold the executable firmware and any nonvolatile data containing programming instructions that can be executed to cause the processor402to perform certain functions.

In some embodiments, the I/O interface405may include a communication interface that allows the processor402to communicate with devices external to the controller. Examples of the communication interface may comprise, but are not limited to, serial interfaces such as RS-232, USB (Universal Serial Bus), Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI), Ethernet, RS-422 or a wireless communication interface such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC) or other wireless interfaces. The controller400may communicate with an external device via the communication interface405in any communication protocols such as Automation/Drive Interface (ADI).

The device specific circuits401provide additional hardware to enable the controller400to perform unique functions including, but not limited to, motor control of an accessor cartridge gripper20. Moreover, the device specific circuits401may include electronics that provide, by way of example but not limitation, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control, Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC), Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC), etc. In addition, all or part of the device specific circuits401may reside outside the controller400.

While the automated data storage library10is described as employing a distributed control system, the various approaches described and/or suggested herein may be implemented in various automated data storage libraries regardless of control configuration, including, but not limited to, an automated data storage library having one or more library controllers that are not distributed. Moreover, a library controller may comprise one or more dedicated controllers of a library, depending on the desired embodiment. For example, there may be a primary controller and a backup controller. In addition, a library controller may comprise one or more processor nodes of a distributed control system. According to one example, communication processor node50(e.g., ofFIG. 3) may comprise the library controller while the other processor nodes (if present) may assist the library controller and/or may provide backup or redundant functionality. In another example, communication processor node50and work processor node52may work cooperatively to form the library controller while the other processor nodes (if present) may assist the library controller and/or may provide backup or redundant functionality. Still further, all of the processor nodes may comprise the library controller. According to various approaches described and/or suggested herein, a library controller may have a single processor or controller, or it may include multiple processors or controllers, or multiple cores in a processor chip.

In a data storage system, in addition to data storage cartridges being stored inside a data storage library, a data storage cartridge can be assigned to an external location such as a vault storage (i.e., outside a data storage library) within the storage hierarchy. Under various regulatory requirements, and/or other data retention regimes customers may need to keep data for very long periods of time, in certain scenarios up to several decades. As such, a vault storage may comprise a long term storage space for storing and/or archiving large amounts of data, data storage cartridges, and/or data storage magazines in a secured and climate controlled manner. In other words, when a data storage cartridge is removed from a data storage library it is said to have been put “in the vault” external to the data storage library. Typically, data storage components (e.g. cartridges, magazines, etc.) are transferred to be stored in a vault storage when a cartridge, a magazine or a data storage library becomes full. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the vault storage may be used for storing back-up data storage cartridges, blank data storage cartridges, data storage cartridges that are not going be used for a certain period of time, obsolete data storage cartridges, data storage cartridges less likely to be requested or updated, etc. When a data storage cartridge is removed from a data storage library (e.g., via an export or output station) for storage in an external vault storage, the space made available in the library may be replaced by importing a blank and/or previously archived data storage cartridge into the data storage library (e.g., via an import or input station). As such, the I/O station of a data storage library acts as an import/export port where data storage cartridges can be transferred between an environment external to the library (such as from another library and/or a vault storage) and between an environment internal to the library. Hence, exporting a data storage cartridge from a data storage library to the vault storage may include, for example, moving the data storage cartridge from a data storage cartridge drive to an export station, moving a data storage cartridge from a slot in the data storage library to the export station, and other actions configured to remove a data storage cartridge from a data storage library. Herein, references to data storage cartridges may also refer to data storage magazines, where a magazine may contain two or more cartridges.

In one embodiment, data storage cartridges may be stored in vault storage. In one embodiment, vault storage may comprise a room where data storage cartridges are arranged along the walls, floor, ceiling, and/or on shelves or in other positions and by other means in the room. The cartridges may be arranged, for example, in storage slots, cells or magazines. The vault storage may optionally comprise a data storage library or a portion of a data storage library (e.g., a partition of a library or logical library).

FIG. 5illustrates a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a data storage system500that includes data vault storage510for long term storage of data storage cartridges and a data storage library520. In an embodiment, a vault storage510is a storage device that includes, for example and without limitation, a storage area511, an optional vault import/export station (vault I/O station)512, and an optional vault controller513. The storage area includes a plurality of storage slots (not shown here) that are used for shelving the data storage shelves for long periods of time. In an embodiment, the vault controller513has access to information about the storage area511and/or the location of data storage cartridges in the storage area511. The term “vault controller” as used herein is intended in its broadest sense as a device that includes at least one processor, and optionally further circuitry, memory, and/or logic, for controlling and/or providing at least some aspects of the vault operations including the transfer of data storage cartridges to and/or from the vault storage area. A vault controller513may include internal and external hardware components, as depicted and described in further detail with respect toFIG. 4. In an embodiment, a vault controller may be and/or include a library controller and/or a data storage controller.

Generally, a human operator transfers the data storage cartridges stored in a data vault storage510to and/or from an I/O station521of the data storage library520, directly from the storage area511and/or via the vault I/O station512(it should be noted that the data storage cartridges may be transferred from the storage area511to the vault I/O station512using robotic accessors similar to those described above with respect to a data storage library). Alternatively, and/or additionally, a robotic accessor of the data storage library520may move between the vault I/O station512of the vault storage510and the I/O station521of the data storage library520(e.g., bidirectionally along a rail system) to transfer data storage cartridges.

Vault storages (e.g., those associated with one or more data storage libraries) configured to store and/or archive data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, or other components in a data storage system will not be described in detail since they are known in the art in connection with data storage libraries.

It should be noted that while a conventional vault storage includes storage slots on the walls of an enclosure or housing as shown inFIG. 5, in alternate embodiments as described above, vault storage may comprise a room (without a separate dedicated enclosure) with or without a vault I/O station. For example, a vault storage may be a room with shelves configured to be storage slots on the walls, floor, roof, or any other position within the room.

Referring now toFIG. 6, a functional block diagram illustrating a data storage system600that includes multiple data storage libraries10a,10b. . .10nand a vault storage680, and that utilizes one or more unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter “drone”, “unmanned aerial vehicle” or “UAV”)610a,610b. . .610nfor transferring data storage cartridges, data storage magazines (and/or other components) to and/or from a data storage library (e.g., I/O station, and/or pass-through portal) and/or the vault storage is shown. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. Flight of the UAV is controlled either autonomously by onboard computers or by a pilot using a remote control. The typical launch and recovery method of an unmanned aircraft is by an automatic system or an external operator.

In an embodiment, the data storage system600may include a plurality of data storage libraries10a-nthat are in communication with an external host system620over network640, via a data storage controller630. The data storage system600may also include a vault storage680for long-term storage of data storage cartridges. The data storage system600may also include a plurality of drones610a-nconfigured to transfer components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from multiple libraries10a-nand/or the vault storage680in the data storage system600. In an exemplary embodiment, the drones610a-nare capable of movement in the x-, y-, and z-coordinate directions and capable of transporting components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) within the data storage system600. In an embodiment, the drones610a-nof the current system are configured to have a size and structure that enables them to handle and/or apply the forces required to retrieve, transfer, and/or place a components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and from a pass-through portal, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, a vault storage cell, a vault I/O station, and/or a vault room. Any number of drones610a-nmay be added to, or removed from, data storage system600as required to support the transfer of components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from the libraries and/or the vault storage. In an embodiment, the data storage controller630is also in communication with the one or more drones610a-n. While the drones are described and depicted as transferring data storage cartridges between the data storage libraries10a-nand/or the vault storage680, it will be appreciated that the drones may be adapted and configured for transferring other components in addition to or as an alternative to data storage cartridges and data storage magazines.

As discussed above with respect toFIGS. 1-5, a data storage system typically has data storage cartridges in large arrays to store large amounts of data in one or more data storage libraries and/or a vault storage. In an embodiment, the data storage libraries10a-nmay comprise a single library frame11or may comprise multiple library frames (and service bays) connected together as rows to form data storage banks or strings. The interior of a frame of a data storage library may include an area for storing data storage cartridges (e.g., multi-cartridge deep storage cells and single cartridge storage slots, collectively referred to as “storage slots” in the subsequent disclosure), one or more data storage drives that store data to, and/or retrieve data from data storage media, and I/O stations and/or pass-through portals for transferring components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and from the data storage libraries, among other components (e.g., controllers, robotic accessors, communication cards, power supplies, etc.), which would be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading the present description.

In an embodiment, each of the data storage libraries may also include a library controller650a-n. In an exemplary embodiment, the library controllers of one or more of the data storage libraries10a-nmay directly communicate with an external host system620over network640. In an alternate embodiment, the data storage controller630is in communication with an external host system620over network640, where the data storage controller630also communicates with the library controllers. As discussed above, a library controller may control its corresponding library by receiving the logical commands from hosts (directly and/or via a data storage controller), determining the required actions, and/or converting the actions to physical movements of the robotic accessor(s) of the library.

Further, as discussed above with respect toFIG. 5, in an embodiment, a vault storage680may comprise a storage area681for storing data storage cartridges (e.g., in vault storage cells), a vault controller682for controlling the operations of a vault storage, and a vault I/O station683for transferring components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and from the vault storage, among other components, which would be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading the present description. Alternatively, and/or additionally, vault storage680may comprise a room (without a separate dedicated enclosure) for storing data storage cartridges (“vault room”) with or without a vault I/O station. In an exemplary embodiment, the vault controller682may directly communicate with an external host system620over network640. In an alternate embodiment, the data storage controller630is in communication with an external host system620over network640, where the data storage controller630also communicates with the vault controller682. As discussed above, a library controller may control operations within the vault storage by receiving the logical commands from hosts (directly and/or via a data storage controller) and determining the required actions (e.g., determining the location of a data storage cartridge in the storage area681and/or causing the transfer of data storage cartridges from the data storage area681to and/or from the vault I/O station683). It will be appreciated that a data storage system may include one or more vault storages.

Thus, looking to various embodiments presented herein, transfer of components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from the libraries and/or the vault storage may include the ability to remove a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazines, etc.) from a pass-through portal of a data storage library, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, a storage cell of a vault storage, a vault I/O station, an accessor of a vault storage, and/or a vault room, and combinations thereof and/or the ability to place a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazines, etc.) into a pass-through portal of a data storage library, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, a storage cell of a vault storage (“vault storage cell”), a vault I/O station, and/or a vault room, and combinations thereof.

As discussed above, the data storage system600may include one or more drones610a-nto transfer components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from the libraries10a-nand/or the vault storage680. The drones and associated docking stations and aids may be in addition to, to work in association with, as a redundant system, as an alternate to, or a replacement of the robotic accessors and/or pass-through mechanisms that transfer components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) between data storage libraries and/or between data storage libraries and a vault storage, as discussed above. It should be noted that the components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) may be transferred from a storage slot and/or a data storage drive of a data storage library to an I/O station and/or a pass-through portal of a data storage library using the robotic accessors described above. Since the drones610a-nare capable of movement in the x-, y-, and z-coordinate directions. The drones610a-n, as they are not attached to or riding on any track or mechanism, may move in any direction and/or by any route to transfer components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from the libraries10a-nand/or the vault storage680. The drones610a-nmay share the entire space of a data storage system so that a drone could access any data storage cartridge in or at the pass-through portal of a data storage library, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, a vault storage cell, a vault I/O station, and/or a vault room.

In an embodiment, each of the data storage libraries10a-nand/or the vault storage680may include at least one drone docking station to which a drone may selectively land on or attach to (dock) and take-off or detach (undock). The docking station may be integral with a housing enclosure or frame structure of the libraries10a-nand/or the vault storage structure, or associated with a separate structure in the data storage system600(e.g., service bay frame of a data storage library). In an exemplary embodiment, the drone docking station may be relatively close to where a data storage cartridge is to be retrieved or dropped off. For example, the drone docking station may be close to, adjacent to and/or associated with a pass-through portal of a data storage library, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, a vault storage cell, a vault I/O station, and/or a vault room. In an embodiment, the placement and layout of the docking stations in the data storage system600may be configured such that all the pass-through portals, I/O stations in the data storage system600, as well as the vault storage cells and/or the vault I/O station, are accessible by a drone by associating with one or more of the docking stations. In one embodiment, each pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room in the data storage system600may have and/or be associated with a drone docking station.

Docking at a docking station at a source or a destination location allows the drone to rest from flight, thereby conserving energy while it performs component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) retrieval and placement operations. In addition, docking at a docking station allows the drone to have a stable and/or rigid base to facilitate the forces required to pick up and/or place data storage cartridges as well as maintain relatively tight tolerances generally desirable during data storage cartridge retrieval and/or placement operations. Docking at a docking station may also allow the drone to connect to a power source where the drone may charge and/or utilize power directly from a data storage library and/or vault storage to pick and place data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc. and/or recharge itself. For example, while at the docking station, the drone may connect to the source or destination library (and/or vault storage) to supply power directly to a gripper mechanism to move, manipulate, and transfer the components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from the drone. The power connection may also provide a communication link between the drone and one or more (e.g., at least one) library controllers and/or the vault controller, by modulating, for example, the power bus with a communication signal. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the drone may connect to a dedicated communication bus when it is docked at a docking station. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the drones may use wireless communication to communicate with the one or more library controllers, with other components of the data storage system such as the data storage controller or the vault controller, and/or with each other as discussed below in more detail.

In one embodiment, a docking station may be configured to, for example, stabilize the drone, enable a drone to recharge/refuel, provide an electrical coupling between the drone and the data storage library (e.g., to enable the drone to communicate with a library controller), reset navigation systems, and await further instructions, or a combination thereof. One or more components (e.g., a gripper assembly) in the docking station may also be configured to drop off or pick up components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.), for example, from a pass-through portal of a data storage library, an I/O station of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, a vault storage cell, a vault I/O station, a vault room, and/or drones.

FIG. 7illustrates a schematic diagram of a drone docking station700associated with and/or attached to a library frame710, according to one embodiment. As shown inFIG. 7, an exemplary drone docking station700may optionally include, without limitation, one or more docking structures701, one or more locating devices702, a docking controller703, a power source704(e.g., recharge and/or refuel), a coupling interface705, and a communications interface706. Docking station710may include more and/or less components, and one or more of the identified components (e.g., docking structures701, locating devices702, docking controller703, power source704, coupling interface705, and communications interface706) may exist individually and/or be combined with and share parts, functionality, structure, and/or circuitry with other identified components. It will be appreciated that the drone docking station700ofFIG. 7may similarly be associated with and/or attached to a vault storage structure.

In an embodiment, a docking structure701may include a platform, housing, or other similar structure for storing, docking, and/or launching drones. The docking structure701preferably stabilizes the drone, permits the drone to rest from flight, and/or provides a base to facilitate the forces required to transfer components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from the drone. The docking structure also preferably maintains the tolerances desired when transferring components to and/or from the drone to other components (e.g., pass-through portals, I/O stations, accessors, vault storage cells, vault I/O station, and/or vault room) of the data storage system. The docking structure701may also include one or more docking aids708configured to receive and/or engage one or more landing structures associated with a drone (discussed below) and may assist in securing the drone to the docking station700such that a stable connection or attachment can be made to the docking station. Examples of docking aids708may include, without limitation, slots, brackets, wedges, tethers, channels, grooves, recesses, latches, magnetic docking aids configured to exert an electromagnetic field, hooks, or the like, configured to stabilize the drone, for example, by engaging complementary landing structures of a drone. In an embodiment, one or more of the docking aids708may only be deployed when a drone is approaching and/or is attached to the docking station, and may be withdrawn in a receiving area of the docking structure701when the docking aid708is not deployed. Herein, landing structure and docking structure refer to structures, features, assemblies, etc. that allow a drone to come to rest for the purpose of charging, refueling, and/or transferring a component to/from the drone.

In an embodiment, a locating device702may assist and facilitate with accurately guiding and docking a drone to a docking station and/or docking structure (e.g., a docking aid). For example, the locating devices702may include an optical feature such as a visible landing target, sensors (e.g., pressure sensors), laser scanners, video cameras, or the like to guide the drone to a precise location during a landing or docking sequence, and a drone may use a complementary sensor and/or feature to more precisely guide the landing and/or positioning of the drone. The locating devices702may include optical locating devices, radio locating devices or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the locating devices702may be emitters only, or may be a combination of shapes, emitters, receivers, transmitters, transceivers, and sensors. In some embodiments, each of the locating devices702may have an optical zone that emits an optical signal such as a directional or non-directional infrared beacon. Further, each of the locating devices702may have a radio signal, such as a directional or non-directional radio beacon or signal. The optical signal and the radio signal may be unidirectional or bi-directional. When the optical signals are bi-directional, the optical signal and the radio signal may function as sensing signals. Further, the optical signal and the radio signal may function as communication links. A drone610using landing sensors (discussed below) may couple to the locating devices702such that a guided landing is facilitated. For example, the drone may obtain position and ranging information from the locating devices702which may inform the drone of its proximity with the docking station, a rate of descent, a relative position with respect to the docking station, or other information.

In an embodiment, docking station700may include a docking controller703to direct the operations of the docking station, a data storage library, a vault storage, and/or a drone attached to the docking station. The term “docking controller” as used herein is intended in its broadest sense as a device that includes at least one processor, and optionally further circuitry, memory, and/or logic, for controlling and/or providing at least some aspects of the docking station operations. The docking controller703may be in communication with one or more library controllers, a vault controller, a data storage controller, and/or a drone control unit. For example, in an embodiment, the docking controller703may coordinate with a library controller to cause an accessor associated with a library to move a data storage cartridge from its location (e.g., storage slot and/or data storage drive) to a pass-through portal and/or I/O station of the library in response to a drone docking to (and/or approaching) the drone docking station (discussed below). In another example, a library controller and/or data storage controller may communicate with the docking controller703to provide notification of a request for transfer and/or movement of a data storage cartridge, and the docking controller703may determine the required actions (e.g., deployment of docking aids), and/or converting the actions to physical movements of the docking station. A docking controller703may also communicate with a drone to obtain information such as time of arrival, route information, power status, or the like, and control various operations of the docking station based on the received information. In yet another example, a docking controller703may be in communication with a vault controller to obtain information such as the location of a data storage cartridge in the vault storage. For example, a docking controller703may also provide guidance information to a drone, for example, through a GPS waypoint, with a known coordinate (e.g., latitude and/or longitude), or by operating one or more of the docking aids708and/or locating devices702. In another exemplary embodiment, a docking controller703may operate a power source704of the docking station700to recharge and/or a refuel a drone based on the battery status and/or fuel status of the drone. A docking controller703may include internal and external hardware components, as depicted and described in further detail with respect toFIG. 4. In an embodiment, a library controller may be and/or include a docking controller.

In an embodiment, docking station700may include a coupling interface705(e.g., for providing an electrical interface, a communications link, etc.) that interfaces with and/or physically connects with the data storage library frame710to operably couple the docking station700and the data storage library frame710. For example, coupling interface705of docking station700may be a male receptacle connector, which mates with and receives a female pin connector of the library frame710, or vice versa. In an alternate embodiment, the coupling interface705of the docking station700may be wirelessly coupled to the data storage library frame710. In an embodiment, the coupling interface may be configured to provide an electrical interface between the docking station700and the library frame710such that the docking station700and the library frame710are directly electrically coupled and may provide a power link between the docking station and the data storage library. In an embodiment, the coupling interface705may also be configured to permit communication (e.g. a communications link) between the docking station700and the data storage library e.g., a library controller.

In an embodiment, the docking station700may also include a communication interface706configured to permit communications between the docking station700and one or more components of the data storage system such as the library controller(s), a vault controller, a drone, and/or a data storage controller. The communications interface may include a wired and/or a wireless communications link. In one embodiment, the drone has a communications connector that interfaces with and/or physically connects and makes contact with a communications connector on the docking station700.

In an embodiment, the drone docking station700may also include a power source704to recharge, refuel and/or swap the energy storage and/or cell on the drone. The energy storage of the drone may be a battery such as, for example, a super capacitor, lithium ion cell, fuel cell or another power source. The energy storage may be recharged using direct or inductive charging from a power source704of a docking station. In an embodiment, the power source704of a drone docking station700may receive power from an associated frame and/or service bay of a data storage library. The power source may also power the docking controller703, the locating device702, the coupling interface705, the communications interface706, and/or other components of the docking station700. The power source704may also directly power the drone510, its controllers, and/or mechanisms/accessors to move and manipulate components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.). In an embodiment, the power source may be a light source and the drone may contain solar cells for converting the light to electricity.

It should be appreciated that one or more of the docking structures701, docking aids708, locating devices702, docking controller703, power source704, and or communications interface may be omitted or combined. For example, docking aid708, power source704and communications interface706may be combined as a connector that provides the functionality of the docking aid708, the power source704and the communications interface706.

FIG. 8shows an exemplary drone docking station800associated with a data storage library820according to an embodiment. The docking station800includes a docking structure801that has docking aids, e.g., slots801(a),801(b) and801(c) for engaging complementary docking pins802(a),802(b) and802(c) of a drone810. The slots801and pins802engage each other in a manner that stabilizes the drone810. The docking structure801in one embodiment may be sufficient to keep the drone stationary and/or permit the drone flight assembly to be powered down and rest from flight and/or be at a lower power level so as to conserve energy while it transfers components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.). The docking structure801and complementary docking pins may also stabilize the drone810such that sufficient forces can be applied by the drone810to load and unload the components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) from the drones. The docking slots801and complementary pins802preferably sufficiently stabilize the drone to permit transfer of components between the drone and the data storage library while maintaining the required tolerances to the make the transfer. While the docking structure801of the docking station800in this embodiment is shown and described as slots801in the library frame that engage complementary pins802on the drone810, it will be appreciated that the library frame may have pins, latches, and/or other structures, while the drone may have complementary slots. Other structures and mechanisms are contemplated for docking structure801to assist, facilitate, attach and/or dock the drone810to the library820.

The docking structure801, and one or more of the slots801(a) and801(b) illustrated inFIG. 8, may optionally further be configured, arranged, and/or structured to include and/or be associated with one or more of power source, communications interface, and/or locating devices. For example, the slots and/or other docking structure801may make contact with one or more nodes that may provide power and/or communication links between the data storage library820and the drone810. In addition, while drone docking station800is shown as being associated with a library frame, it will be appreciated that the drone docking station800may be associated with and/or integrated with a vault storage structure and/or frame.

In an embodiment, drones610a-nmay take on many different configurations and may include any type of transport configuration and/or arrangement configured to fly. In an exemplary embodiment, a drone may include a flight assembly which may include one or more or any combination of propellers, rotors, blades, etc. (“flight assembly”) that generate a lifting force sufficient to lift the drone (including the drone structure, motors, electronics, and power source) and any loads (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) that may be attached to the drone. The flight assembly may also provide a horizontal propulsion force so that the drone may move in any of the x-, y-, and z-coordinate directions and may move in any desired direction, and/or by any desired route. The flight assembly, including any motors, actuators, propellers, rotors, and/or propulsion assemblies, may be powered by a power source, such as an energy storage system like a battery and/or a super capacitor. The flight assembly may be vertically and/or horizontally mounted depending on the flight mode of the drone.

One preferred flight assembly may include a plurality of electric motors powering a plurality of propellers or rotos. Each propeller may be associated with and/or connected to an electric motor. Several motors (e.g., servo motors) may act to move the motor/propeller assembly to provide the correct amount of angular rotation to provide desired vertical lift and horizontal propulsion. A common drone configuration suitable for use in the various embodiments is a “quad-copter” configuration. In an example of a quad-copter configuration, typically four horizontally configured rotary lift propellers and motors are fixed to a frame. Drones configured with more or less propellers and/or motors are also contemplated. The frame may include structures that support the flight assembly, power source (e.g., battery), package securing mechanism, docking and landing structure (e.g., landing gear), and so on. The package securing and/or holding mechanism of a drone may include a gripper assembly for attaching to one or more components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.). Additionally, and/or alternatively, an area enclosed by the frame and landing gear, and underneath the flight assemblies or propulsion units (e.g., a holding structure), may be provided as shown inFIG. 8to retain components such as, for example, a data storage cartridges and/or data storage magazines. A quad-copter style horizontal rotary drone may fly in any unobstructed horizontal and vertical direction or may hover in one place. In the examples described herein, a quad-copter drone configuration is used for illustrative purposes, however, other drone designs are contemplated and may be used.

An exemplary drone900configured to transport components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from data storage libraries10a-nand/or vault storage680in the data storage system600according to various embodiments is schematically illustrated inFIG. 9. In an exemplary embodiment, the drone900may include a flight assembly901, a frame902, landing structures903, a package securing and/or holding mechanism (e.g., gripper assembly, or holding cell)904, a power source (not shown here), and a control unit908. The flight assembly901may include rotors910a,910b,910c. . .910n, and one or more associated motors (not shown here). For ease of description and illustration, some detailed aspects of the drone900are omitted such as wiring, skin or shell, frame structure interconnects or other features that would be known to one of skill in the art.

In an embodiment, the frame902may provide structural support for the flight assembly901, the landing structures903, and the package securing and/or holding assembly904, and is configured to be sufficiently strong to support the maximum load weight for the combination of the components of the drone and the drone's expected load (e.g., a data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.).

In an embodiment, the package holding and/or securing assembly904may include one or more structure(s) configured to hold, retrieve and/or place a component (e.g., a data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) to and/or from pass-through portals of a data storage library, I/O stations of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, vault storage cells, vault I/O station, and/or vault room in a data storage system, and hold the data storage cartridge during transfer. In an exemplary embodiment, the package holding and/or securing assembly904may include, without limitation, a gripper assembly921and/or a holding structure920. In some embodiments, the gripper assembly921may be configured to retrieve and/or place a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) to and/or from pass-through portals of a data storage library, I/O stations of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, vault storage cells, vault I/O station, and/or vault room in a data storage system, as well as grip and/or hold the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) during transfer. In an alternate embodiment, a drone may utilize the holding structure920for securely holding a data storage cartridge during transfer and the gripper assembly921may place and/or retrieve a data storage cartridge into and/or from the holding structure920. In yet another embodiment, there may not be a gripper assembly921and a robotic accessor or another mechanism included in the library and/or the vault storage may place a data storage cartridge in the gripper assembly921and/or the holding slot920of the drone900. In an embodiment, the size and configuration of the gripper assembly921may be extendible or adjustable in order to provide adequate access to pass-through portals of a data storage library, I/O stations of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, vault storage cells, vault I/O station, and/or vault room from a docking station.

In an embodiment, a gripper assembly921of the package holding and/or securing assembly904may retrieve, grip and/or release components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from pass-through portals of a data storage library, I/O stations of a data storage library, an accessor of a data storage library, vault storage cells, vault I/O station, and/or vault room in the data storage system. A gripper assembly921may include an actuator, solenoid and/or motor that drives a gripping and release mechanism to retrieve, grip and/or release a data storage cartridge or other components in response to commands from a control unit or in response to a docking operation, or the like. For example, the docking controller703and/or the control unit908of the drone may operate the actuator motor to control the gripping and release mechanism of the gripper assembly921. Gripper assemblies (e.g., those associated with a robotic accessor) configured to retrieve, grip, and/or release a data storage cartridge or other components in a data storage system will not be described in detail since they are known in the art in connection with robotic accessors.

In an embodiment, a holding structure920of the package holding and/or securing assembly904may be configured to securely hold and/or store data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, and/or other components during transfer. Examples of holding areas may include, without limitation, storage slots, as shown inFIG. 8, configured to hold one or more data storage cartridges; magnetic or electrical holding structures; or the like. In an embodiment, when the holding structure920is configured to hold and/or store one or more storage cartridges, the drone may function as an I/O station magazine, where a magazine is a structure or an assembly that holds more than one data storage cartridge, such that when the structure or assembly is removed from an I/O station, one or more cartridges may be moved and/or transferred with it. Alternatively, and/or additionally, in one example, the holding structure920of a drone may include a component retaining mechanism that may be operated to release and/or hold a data storage cartridge in response to commands from a control unit, in response to a docking operation, via a force exerted by a library accessor, or the like. For example, the retaining mechanism may be a clamping force or a friction based mechanism that may be released upon application of a suitable force by a library accessor. In another example, the holding mechanism may be a latch that may be operated in response to a docking action via instructions from a docking controller or an automatic mechanical operation (e.g., engagement or disengagement of landing structures of a drone at a docking station may cause movement of the latch).

In an embodiment, a docking/landing structure903may be configured to assist the drone900in attaching to, engaging, and/or being associated with a docking structure701(e.g.,801ofFIG. 8) of a docking station. Examples of the docking/landing structure903may include, without limitation, docking pins, skids, slides, sledges, tethers, airframes, wheels, latches, grooves, recesses, channels, pins, or the like. In an embodiment, the docking/landing structures903may also include landing sensors915such as, for example and without limitation, optical sensors, radio sensors, proximity sensors, magnetic sensors, camera sensors, acceleration sensors, or other sensors. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the landing sensors may be contact or pressure sensors that may provide a signal that indicates when the drone900has made contact with a surface such as a docking station. In some embodiments, the docking/landing structure903may also be configured to include a coupling interface (e.g., a coupling interface that electrically couples with the coupling interface705described above with respect toFIG. 7) to provide the ability to charge a drone power source (e.g., battery) when the drone900is docked on and/or associated with a docking station, such as through charging connectors or power lines. The coupling interface may also provide direct power to the drone (e.g., the gripper assembly921) when the drone900is docked at the docking station. Additionally, the landing structure903may provide additional connections with a docking station, such as wired communication or control connections. As shown inFIG. 8, the landing structures (i.e., docking pins802(a) and802(b) inFIG. 8) are configured to allow docking of a drone. Other embodiments for docking/landing structures802are contemplated and within the scope of this disclosure.

The drone900may further include a control unit908that may house various circuits and devices used to power and control the operation of the drone900. In an embodiment, the control unit as used herein is intended in its broadest sense as a device that includes at least one processor, and optionally further circuitry, memory and/or logic, for controlling the drone900and drone subsystems. A typical control unit is described above with respect toFIG. 4. In an embodiment, the control unit908of a drone900may be configured with processing and communication devices that enable the device to, for example, determine a flight plan, navigate (such as by controlling the flight motors to achieve flight directionality), and receive position information and other information from other system components including an external host system, data storage controller, a vault controller, and/or the library controller. Position information may include the current drone position and/or positional information obtained regarding source or destination libraries, charging stations, docking stations, etc.

In an embodiment, a drone may also include various sensors, for example vision systems, proximity sensors, light detection and ranging (“LIDAR”) sensors, etc. for detecting obstructions, navigation, communication with other devices, or the like. In an embodiment, when a drone is following a flight plan, it may utilize various sensors to detect local obstacles and avoid collision and then return to the flight plan. For example, the drone may have a vision system to see obstacles or laser and/or sonic range finders to determine a distance to obstacles. For example, a drone may have a laser-based scanning system that detects objects (such as other drones in the data storage system) and their distance and velocity so the drone may determine a path to avoid such obstacles.

In an embodiment, a drone may utilize fine-grain communication, for example using multilateration or triangulation of short range wireless transmitters, magnetometers, laser guides or LIDAR technologies, radar guidance, ultrasonic sensors, global positioning systems (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or any other devices configured to provide relative or global positioning feedback such that the drone can approach, land on or in, attach, dock, or become associated with a docking station or other location in the data storage library. Alternatively, and/or in addition, the drone may be equipped to navigate by receiving beacon signals, radio frequency identification (RFID) signals, position references, or other signals from radio nodes, such as WiFi access points. Furthermore, the drone may have a sensor to measure altitude (e.g., a pressure sensor). A drone may utilize any now or hereafter known sensors, guidance, and/or positioning systems.

In one embodiment, the system and/or drones may be programmed to navigate the data storage system in a predetermined path, and the pathways may be programmed to avoid collisions. For example, the drones may be configured to navigate in a horizontal path in a first direction along the floor of the data storage system, and navigate in a horizontal path in the opposite direction along the roof of the data storage system.

A drone may also include a communications interface909configured to communicate with the external host system, the data storage controller, docking stations, other drones, vault controller, and/or the library controllers over a network such as via a fine-grain (e.g., wireless) communication or coarse-grain (e.g., cellular) communication. In an embodiment, the communications interface909may be part of or associated with the control unit908. Control unit908of drone900in an embodiment may receive a request for transferring a data storage cartridge from the external host system, the data storage controller, the vault controller, and/or the library controller, and may control the transfer of the data storage cartridge by controlling the movement of the drone.

In an embodiment, a drone900may also include a scanner module912shown schematically inFIG. 9configured to receive identification and/or other information (e.g., by scanning identifying labels) from a data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, and/or other components. Examples of a scanner module may include, without limitation, RFID scanner, a smart card reader, quick response codes scanner, bar code scanners, laser scanners, electrical/optical equipment with recognition software, infrared scanners, radar, sonar, chemical sensors, or an audio/visual device with recognition software. Such scanner modules are known in the art to identify, track, and locate stored items by, for example, attaching, spatial and identification information such as information encoded in RFID tags, barcode, etc. on the data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, and/or other components. In an embodiment, the scanner module912may be included in the gripper assembly921.

Referring back toFIG. 6, external host system620may be a computing device, such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a netbook computer, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, workstation, server, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a thin client, or any programmable electronic device capable of communicating with the library controllers650a-n, the vault controller682, and/or data storage controller630via network640. In an embodiment, the external host system640may also communicate with one or more drones610a-nof the data storage system600. In other embodiments, external host system620may be a management server, a web server, or any other electronic device or computing system capable of receiving and sending data. External host system620may include internal and external hardware components, as depicted and described above in further detail with respect toFIG. 4.

In an embodiment, network640can be, for example, a SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) bus, a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, a virtual private network (VPN), a storage area network (SAN), a direct (point-to-point) connection, or a combination thereof, and can include wired, wireless, or fiber optic connections. In general, network640can be any combination of connections and protocols that will support communication between external host620and various components of the data storage system.

In an embodiment, a data storage controller630is configured to be in communication with an external host system620, one or more library controllers650a-n, the vault controller682, as well as the drones610a-nin the data storage system600, and controls the transfer of components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) between data storage libraries10a-nin the data storage system. In an exemplary embodiment, a master library controller may be a data storage controller. Data storage controller630may be a management server, a web server, or any other electronic device or computing system capable of receiving and sending data. In other embodiments, data storage controller630can represent a computing system utilizing clustered computers and components to act as a single pool of seamless resources when accessed through a network. In this exemplary embodiment, data storage controller630is capable of receiving requests for data or transfer of components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) from external host system620, via network640, determining the required actions, and/or converting the actions to physical movements of the drones610a-nin the library. “Data storage controller” in its broadest sense is a device that includes at least one processor, and may include a plurality of processors, and optionally further circuitry, memory, and/or logic, and may include internal and external hardware components, as depicted and described in further detail with respect toFIG. 4.

In an embodiment, the data storage controller630may include or may be in communication with a data storage cartridge database. Data storage cartridge database is a central repository of data associated with data storage cartridges stored in various library locations and/or the vault storage of the data storage system600. For example, the data storage cartridge database may include location and access information for each data storage cartridge located in data storage system600. For example, the database may include library identification, data storage cartridge identification information (e.g., barcodes), element addresses, library shelf numbers, data storage cartridge positions within each library shelf, vault storage cell information, and the time of access of each data storage cartridge, among other information. In an exemplary embodiment, the data storage cartridge database is periodically or continuously updated based on information received from library controllers, the vault controller, robotic accessors, and/or drones. In an embodiment, library controllers, vault controller(s), and/or drones may also access information included in the data storage cartridge database.

In an embodiment, the data storage controller630processes requests for data or transfer of components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) from the external host system620by accessing the data storage cartridge database and determining a location of the requested data and/or data storage cartridge. In an alternate embodiment, the data storage controller630may request the location information directly from the library controllers650a-nand/or the vault controller682since it is capable of optimizing, and communicating with, the various components within data storage system. The data storage controller630may then instruct the appropriate library controller to move the data storage cartridge from its storage slot to a pass-through portal or an I/O station of the library (e.g., using a robotic accessor).

In this exemplary embodiment, the data storage controller630also stores (and/or can access) the position and status of each of drone610a-n, such as battery status, defects, and current usage status, and may identify one or more drones610a-nto transfer the requested data storage cartridge to and/or from a data storage library and/or the vault storage. For example, the data storage controller630may receive position and status of each drone610a-nfrom one or more drones and/or drone docking stations. The data storage controller630is capable of communicating with drones610a-nto send data storage cartridge movement requests and/or read/write requests.

Referring back toFIG. 6, in an example embodiment, the data storage system600may also include a power station660configured to recharge, refuel and/or swap the energy storage and/or cell on a drone. The power station660may include a cradle, surface charger, or similar device as recognized by those skilled in the relevant art(s) as being capable of re-powering a drone. In another embodiment, the power station660may include robotic devices that may function to replace a component on a drone, such as, but not limited to, one or more batteries, super capacitors, fuel cells, or the like, on the drone or to make other repairs.

FIG. 10is an exemplary flowchart in accordance with one embodiment illustrating and describing a method of transferring data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, and/or other components to and/or from the data storage libraries and/or the vault storage in a data storage system. While the transfer method1000is described for the sake of convenience and not with an intent of limiting the disclosure as comprising a series and/or a number of steps, it is to be understood that the process does not need to be performed as a series of steps and/or the steps do not need to be performed in the order shown and described with respect toFIG. 10, but the process may be integrated and/or one or more steps may be performed together, or the steps may be performed in the order disclosed or in an alternate order.

At1002, a request is received and/or generated to transfer a component (e.g., a data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.). In an example, a data storage controller associated with the data storage system receives a request to move a component (e.g., a data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) in the data storage system to a destination location (e.g., another data storage library and/or a vault storage). In an embodiment, the component may be located in an I/O station, a pass-through portal, and/or an accessor of a data storage library. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the component may be located in a vault storage cell, a vault I/O station, and/or a vault room. In an embodiment, the data storage controller may receive the request directly from an external host system.

At1004, the data storage controller identifies the current location of the requested component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) within the data storage system. In an embodiment, the location information may include an identification of the data storage library and/or the vault storage that currently stores the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) (the “source location”) and an identification of the location of the component (e.g., storage slot) within the data storage library and/or the vault storage. In an exemplary embodiment, the data storage controller may access and search one or more database storage cartridge databases to determine the location of the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) within the data storage system. In an alternate embodiment, the data storage controller may send a query to the library controllers associated with the libraries and/or the vault controller in the data storage system and receive the location from the library controllers and/or the vault controller. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the external host system may provide the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) location in the data storage system.

At1006, if the source location is inside a data storage library, the data storage controller instructs the library controller associated with the data storage library where the requested component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) is located (e.g., the identified source location) to retrieve the component (e.g., from the storage slot) and transfer it to a pass-through portal and/or I/O station of the source library. As discussed above, a library controller controls the movement of one or more robotic accessors of a library which may be used to transport components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) between the plurality of storage slots, the multi-cartridge deep slot storage cells, the data storage drives, the I/O stations, and/or pass-through portals of a library, and may transport the appropriate component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) to the I/O station and/or pass-through portal upon receiving instructions from the data storage controller. In an embodiment, the instruction to retrieve the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) and transfer it to a pass-through portal and/or I/O station of the source library may include an estimated time that a drone may dock at the source library. For example, the data storage controller may receive an estimated time of docking from a drone or a docking station and transmit the same to the library controller.

In an alternate embodiment, if the source location is a vault storage cell inside a vault storage, the data storage controller may optionally instruct the vault controller to cause the transfer of the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) to the vault I/O station (e.g., via a human operator and/or via a robotic accessor of the vault storage). Alternatively, and/or additionally, a drone may transfer a component (e.g. data storage cartridge) directly from a vault storage cell inside a vault storage.

At1008, the data storage controller identifies a drone associated with the data storage system to receive the requested component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from the source location and which will transfer the requested component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) to the destination location. In an exemplary embodiment, the data storage controller optimizes the movement of drones within the data storage system by choosing a drone which minimizes the time and/or resources required to complete the transfer based on, for example, distance of a drone from the source location and the destination location; position of other drones within the data storage system; status of other requests to transfer components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from data storage libraries and/or vault storage; vacancy or availability of a docking station; availability of a drone; or other criteria. For example, the data controller may identify the drone which is closest to the source location and available to perform a transfer. As discussed below, drones not engaged in transferring a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) preferably may be configured to be docked at a docking station. In an embodiment, a drone closest to the source location may be a drone attached to the docking station of the source location. Alternatively, a drone closest to the source location may be a drone attached to the docking station of a library and/or vault storage closest to the source location and/or a drone already in flight.

At1010, the data storage controller transmits the location information for the requested/identified component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) to the control unit of the identified drone, which may also include instructions to deliver the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from a pass-through portal, I/O station, an accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the source location to a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the destination location. The data storage controller may also send additional information to the drone such as, for example and without limitation, component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) identification information (e.g., barcodes, RFID, etc.), position of a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room at the source location, positions of a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room at the destination location, position of a docking station source and/or destination location, or the like. In an embodiment, the data storage controller may communicate directly with a drone. Alternatively and/or additionally, the data storage controller may communicate with a drone via a library controller of a library, a vault controller of a vault storage, and/or a docking controller of a docking station at which the drone is docked at the time of communication. In an alternate embodiment, the drone may receive information relating to the destination location and instructions to deliver the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from a source location to a destination location from the library controller and/or vault controller associated with the source location after it attaches to a docking station associated with and/or close to the source location. The drone may communicate and receive instructions and data wirelessly and/or through a wired connection, for example, while it is docked at a docking station.

In an embodiment, a source location docking station may be a docking station close to (i.e., makes a component accessible to an associated drone) and/or associated with a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the source location. Similarly, a destination location docking station may be a docking station close to and/or associated with a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the destination location.

At1012, the identified drone flies to the source location docking station, associates with (e.g., attaches to) the source location docking station (if not already docked at the source location), and retrieves the component, e.g., data storage cartridge (e.g., transferred from the pass-through portal of the source location) from a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the source location, preferably via the gripper assembly. In an alternate embodiment, an accessor of the source location may place the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) into a holding structure of the drone. For example, a securing latch associated with the holding structure may be opened to provide access to the holding structure, for example, by the accessor, automatically in response to docking of the drone, and/or in response to instructions from the docking controller.

In an embodiment, before retrieving the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the source location, the drone may confirm that the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) in the pass-through portal is the requested component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.). In an exemplary embodiment, the drone may scan an identification tag (such as an RFID tag, barcode, an identifying image, or the like) on the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) in the a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room, and determine whether the information in the identification tag matches the identification information previously received by the drone. If the information in the identification tag matches the identification information previously received by the drone, the drone may retrieve the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.). If the information in the identification tag does not match the identification information previously received by the drone, the drone may send an error message to the library controller and/or vault controller of the source location and/or the data storage controller (and/or may request updated location information).

At1014, the identified drone flies to the destination location to deliver the retrieved component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.). In an exemplary embodiment, the drone may proceed along a programmed and/or predetermined route from the source location to the destination location. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the drone may determine its own route based on various factors, such as altitude, distance to the destination location, obstacles (e.g., other flying drones, libraries, personnel, etc.), battery life of the drone, retrievability considerations, previous routes, or the like.

In1016, the drone associates with (e.g., lands on and attaches to) the docking station of the destination location. The retrieved component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) is received at the pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room of the destination location. In an embodiment, the data storage controller may then instruct the library controller associated with the destination location to retrieve the component (e.g., from the storage slot) from the pass-through portal and/or I/O station of the destination location and transfer it to a storage slot and/or a data storage drive of the source location. As discussed above, a library controller controls the movement of one or more robotic accessors of a library which may be used to transport components (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.s, data storage magazines, etc.) between the plurality of storage slots, the multi-cartridge deep slot storage cells, I/O stations, and/or pass-through portal of a library, and may transport the appropriate component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from the pass-through portal upon receiving instructions from the data storage controller. In an alternate embodiment, if the destination location is a vault storage cell inside a vault storage, the data storage controller may optionally instruct the vault controller to cause the transfer of the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from the vault I/O station (e.g., via a human operator and/or via a robotic accessor of the vault storage) to the vault storage cell. Alternatively, and/or additionally, a drone may transfer a component (e.g. data storage cartridge) directly to the vault storage cell inside a vault storage.

In an embodiment, if another drone is already attached to the docking station of the destination location, the data storage controller (directly or via the destination location controller) may instruct that drone to vacate the destination docking station (e.g., fly to the source location and/or another vacant docking station) in the data storage system, in order to avoid collision. In an exemplary embodiment, the vacant docking station may be the source location docking station once the identified drone has taken flight to deliver the component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.).

It will be appreciated that the system and method may include one or more drones610a-nthat are used to transfer one or more components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) to and/or from data storage libraries10a-nand/or a vault storage maintained in a data storage system600. In an exemplary embodiment, drones610a-nof the current data storage system600may be configured to be docked at a docking station when not engaged in transferring components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.). For example, a drone may remain docked at the docking station of a destination library (to which the drone delivered a data storage cartridge) until it receives a new instruction to transfer a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.). As such, a drone may receive power and communications via the landing structures and/or connectors when not engaged in transferring components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.). Docking the drones when not actively transferring components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) may also prevent collisions by reducing the air traffic when the drones are not engaged in transferring and/or transporting components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.). In an alternate embodiment, the drones may be docked at optimal positions computed based at least in part on the physical distribution of the components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) in the data storage system, physical distribution of the docking stations in the data storage system, physical distribution of the pass-through portals and/or I/O stations in the data storage system, location of the vault storage with respect to the data storage libraries, positions of and the number of drones in the data storage system (such as by minimizing the overall travel time for a docked drone to any library and/or the vault storage in the data storage system).

In one example, there could be one drone in the data storage system for each I/O station, for each pass-through portal, and/or for each vault I/O station. This may significantly improve the performance and throughput of the data storage system because a drone may always be docked at a source location in the data storage system. The drone transfer system can be used in addition to the robotic accessor system, in association with, and in conjunction with the robotic accessor system, or as an alternate to the robotic accessor system.

While the embodiments described herein describe a drone as attaching to a docking station of a source location before retrieving and/or transferring or placing a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.), it is to be understood that a drone may retrieve a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) from a source location and/or transfer a component (e.g., data storage cartridge, data storage magazine, etc.) at a destination location without attaching to their respective docking stations, for example, while hovering over a pass-through portal, I/O station, accessor, vault storage cell, vault I/O station, and/or vault room.

In an embodiment, the new location of the data storage cartridge may be transmitted to a database, e.g. the data storage cartridge database, by a library controller, vault controller, and/or the drone. In an exemplary embodiment, the drone remains docked at the destination location docking station until the receipt of further instructions. In an alternate embodiment, the drone is instructed to fly to another vacant docking station identified based at least in part on the physical distribution of the components (e.g., data storage cartridges, data storage magazines, etc.) in the storage slots of the data storage system, the vault storage system, and/or likelihood (or status) of transfer requests.