Equipment for sanding the rounded corners of boards automatically

In automatic equipment for sanding the rounded corners of boards, use is made of a sanding unit with an abrasive belt looped around at least two rollers and urged against the rounded corner of a board by a pressure pad positioned alongside one of the rollers; the system also makes use of a sensor which first ensures that the feed speed of the board and the traverse speed of the sanding unit are matched, and then triggers rotation of the entire unit about the rounded corner of the board.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to equipment for sanding the rounded corners of 
boards in automatic fashion. In furniture manufacture, widespread use is 
made of polygonal boards in wood or wood-related materials, mostly of 
square or rectangular shape, the corners of which are rounded off by 
machine with a suitable cutter and then given a smooth finish. 
The current state of the art embraces no machine capable of effecting this 
final smoothing operation on the rounded corners of boards automatically, 
utilizing a sanding belt. 
Disclosed herein is an arrangement which, in comparison to other prior art 
methods of different basic conception, offers the advantage of obtaining 
various degrees of surface roughness given by the characteristics of the 
abrasive belt material (type and size of grit); the abrasive can therefore 
be selected according to requirements, depending on whether the boards are 
unfinished, or have already been sprayed with paint or varnish, etc. 
Accordingly, the object of the invention is to embody equipment that will 
stand the rounded corners of wood and composition boards automatically, 
using an abrasive belt. 
One of the advantages afforded by the invention is that it becomes possible 
to finish the rounded corners of boards of any given width and thickness, 
using just the one item of equipment. 
An additional advantage of the invention is that it is possible, likewise 
using the same equipment, to finish rounded corners of differing breadth 
and dissimilar radius. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The stated object is achieved with equipment according to the invention, in 
which use is made of a pivotably mounted belt sander unit; the abrasive 
belt is looped around a set of rollers, and urged against one rounded 
corner of the single board by the action of a pressure pad positioned 
alongside one of the rollers. 
The equipment disclosed also comprises a sensor mechanism which first 
matches the feed speed of the board and the traverse speed of the sanding 
unit, and then triggers the movement whereby the sanding unit is swung 
bodily about the rounded corner of the board.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In FIG. 1 of the drawings, 9 denotes a conveyor belt turning at a given 
speed, and serving to feed single boards through the equipment in 
continuous fashion; the board, denoted 1, is cantilevered sideways from 
the conveyor, but kept firmly associated with the transport surface by a 
suitable press 19. 
26 denotes a sanding unit located to one side of the conveyor 9 and 
comprising three rollers 2, 3 and 4 the axes of which are disposed 
perpendicular to the plane occupied by the boards 1 and stationed at 
points corresponding substantially to the vertices of a triangle, in such 
a way that the rollers can tension a sanding belt 7 looped around them. 
The first roller 2 revolves freely about its axis; the second roller 3, 
likewise freely revolving, can also oscillate in order to jockey and thus 
take up slack in the sanding belt 7. The third roller 4 is power driven by 
a belt 5 and an electric motor 6. 
8 denotes a pressure pad, rigidly attached to the piston rod 51 of an 
actuator 24 stroking within a plane parallel with that occupied by the 
board 1, which is positioned near the first roller 2 in such a way that, 
when driven forward by the actuator 24, it will urge the running belt 7 
against the board 1 and sand the area brought into contact, producing a 
smooth finish. 
The entire sanding unit 26 is mounted overhung to a slide 10 which enables 
its movement toward and away from the edge of the board 1; the slide is 
hinged about an axis, denoted 25, disposed perpendicular to the plane 
occupied by the board 1, such that the unit 26 can be supported and swung 
parallel with the board into a different position, for example as in FIG. 
3, in which it is rotated through 90.degree. from that of FIG. 1 and 
encroaches to a minimal degree on the transverse dimension of the board by 
virtue of the positioning of the pressure pad 8 in relation to the first 
roller 2. The unit is rotated in this fashion by an actuator 23 which 
strokes in a plane parallel to that occupied by the board 1, its line of 
action plotted in such a way as to avoid intersection with the hinge axis 
25. In its turn, the slide 10 is supported by a carriage 21, mounted 
slidably on tracks 18 set parallel to the conveyor 9 and operated by a 
further acutator 20. 
The embodiment of the mechanisms described above is such as to enable 
movement of the unit 26 in three directions; traversed as one with the 
carriage 21, parallel to the conveyor 9; transversed as one with the slide 
10, at right angles to the conveyor 9; and rotated as one with the slide 
10, pivoting about the hinge axis 25. 
The unit 26 comprises two further slides 17 and 15, associated with one 
another and capable of movement in mutually normal directions. The first 
such slide, denoted 17, which provides movement perpendicular to the plane 
occupied by the board 1, serves to align and select the height of the 
sanding belt 7 and the pressure pad 8 in relation to the thickness of the 
board; the second slide 15 is used to adjust the relative positioning of 
the board 1 and the pressure pad 8 in such a way as will ensure that the 
finished rounded corner 50 exhibits a given radius. 
The sanding unit 26 also comprises a device, denoted 55, serving to 
establish the position of the unit 26 itself in relation to the carriage 
21, as considered in the feed direction of the conveyor 9. Such a 
positioning device 55 incorporates a catch 13 capable of alternating 
between an at-rest position, below the level of the plane occupied by the 
single boards 1 on the conveyor 9, and a position in which it is brought 
to bear against the trailing edge of the board 1 currently held on the 
conveyor surface. The catch 13 also serves as a speed sensing medium, as 
will appear from the following description of the equipment's operating 
cycle. 
The position of the sanding unit 26 relative to the carriage 21 is adjusted 
by turning a lead screw 12; the screw is associated with the catch 13, and 
permits of moving it back along the feed path of the conveyor 9 in order 
to retard its position from that of the axis of the pressure pad 8 by a 
distance equal to the radius of the rounded corner 50. 
Operation of the equipment occurs substantially according to the following 
cycle: 
single boards 1 are fed in and carried forward by the conveyor 9, 
cantilevered toward the sanding unit and held stably in position by the 
press 19; 
moving forward, the single board 1 will trigger operation of the carriage 
actuator 20, causing the carriage 21 itself to traverse in the same 
direction as that of the conveyor 9, though at higher speed; 
the catch 13, normally retained below the level of the conveyor 9 by a stop 
22, is now released by the forward movement of the carriage 21 and rises 
from its at-rest position to locate against the trailing edge of the board 
1 about to be sanded; 
with progress of the carriage 21 and of the board 1 united mechanically by 
contact through the catch 13, the speeds of the carriage 21 and the 
conveyor 9 are matched, and further progress automatically triggers 
operation of the remaining two actuators 24 and 23; (It will be observed 
at this point that, from the mechanical standpoint, the catch 13 functions 
as a sensing medium that serves to match the feed speed of the board 1 and 
the longitudinal traverse speed of the sanding unit 26); 
the first actuator 24 now urges the pressure pad 8 against the running 
abrasive belt 7, causing it to assume the appropriate profile and hug the 
board 1, whilst the second actuator 23 causes the unit 26 to pivot bodily 
through 90.degree. about its hinge axis 25 and thus sand the rounded 
corner in its entirety; 
following a brief pause, the cycle of movements mentioned will be repeated 
in reverse order so as to return the equipment to its initial 
configuration, ready for the next board. 
Embodied as described above and illustrated, the equipment will of course 
finish only the rear corner 50 of the board nearest to the sanding unit 
26; reversing the configuration of the unit left to right, however, the 
front nearside corner can be sanded in simliar fashion. In this instance, 
it is preferable to reverse the position of the catch 13 as well, so as to 
check the leading edge of the board rather than follow the trailing edge. 
Whilst the above description assumes inclusion of the equipment together 
with other power machinery in an existing line for shaping and finishing 
boards of the kind in question, the same advantages would be afforded, and 
no substantial modification would be required, were it to be operated as a 
stand-alone unit with or without the conveyor 9.