Wave energy conversion system

A wave energy conversion system is provided including a pod, multi-radius energy transmission mechanism, and an electrical generating device. The pod is rotatably supported by a platform structure and the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism is in mechanical communication with the pod. The multi-radius energy transmission mechanism is configured to transmit a variable torque over a range of motion and is in mechanical communication with the electrical generating device.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to energy conversion devices and, more particularly, to systems for converting energy from the wave patterns of a body of water into electrical energy.

Description of Related Art

Significant effort has been expended on developing technologies able to utilize the earth's tremendous power. For centuries, devices such as windmills, watermills, hydro-turbines, geo-thermal heat generators, and solar energy panels have been developed and refined to capture and convert the earth's energy into electrical energy. However, even though over 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, very little innovation has been developed capable of efficiently harnessing this vast power. It is estimated that ocean waves are capable of generating an energy flux between 10 kW and 80 kW per meter of coastline. Most importantly, this energy is generated on a nearly continuous basis, with little to no interruption as compared to solar or wind powered solutions. Accordingly, a need for an efficient, scalable, and cost efficient system for harnessing the power of the ocean's waves is needed.

SUMMARY

A wave energy conversion system is provided in accordance with the present disclosure includes a pod, a multi-radius energy transmission mechanism, and an electrical generating device. The pod is rotatably supported by a platform structure and the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism is in mechanical communication with the pod. The multi-radius energy transmission mechanism is configured to transmit a variable torque over a range of motion. The electrical generating device is in mechanical communication with the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism.

The pod may be buoyant and may be configured to be rotated as a wave contacts a planar side surface disposed on a leading side of the pod. In certain aspects, the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism may include a drive gear rotatably supported on a drive-shaft extending through the center of rotation of the pod. The drive gear may be mechanically coupled to the pod. Alternatively, the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism may include a driven gear rotatably supported on a post fixedly secured to the platform structure. The drive gear and the driven gear may include an ellipsoid profile. The driven gear may be in mechanical communication with the drive gear.

In aspects, rotation of the pod may initiate rotation of the drive gear about driveshaft, thereby initiating a rotation of the driven gear about the post. The radius of the drive gear at a location adjacent the driven gear may increase as the drive gear rotates. The radius of the driven gear at a location adjacent the drive gear may decrease as the driven gear rotates, thereby transmitting a variable torque.

In certain aspects, the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism may include a spur gear rotatably supported on the post. The spur gear may be in mechanical communication with the driven gear and the electrical generating device.

In certain aspects, the electrical generating device may include a hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit may include a hydraulic actuator in mechanical communication with the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism. The hydraulic actuator may be in hydraulic communication with a hydraulic motor. Actuation of the hydraulic actuator may cause the hydraulic motor to rotate, thereby causing an electrical generator in mechanical communication therewith to generate electrical energy.

In certain aspects, the drive gear and the driven gear may be rotatably supported at a location other than their geometric centers. The drive gear and the driven gear may be circular gears. The drive gear and the driven gear may be elliptical gears. The drive gear and the driven gear may be mechanically coupled by a belt. The electrical generating device may be a permanent magnet electrical generator. The electrical generating device may be an electromagnetic generator.

In some aspects, the wave energy conversion system may further include a wave measuring device fixedly secured to the platform structure. The wave measuring device may include a buoy partially disposed in the water. The buoy may be coupled to the propagating waves, thereby measuring the wave height and the period of the waves as they pass under the platform structure. The electromagnetic generator may vary its torque response based upon the measurements gathered by the wave measuring device.

In aspects, the hydraulic actuator may be a hydraulic rotary actuator, a hydraulic pump.

In some aspects, a plurality of pods may be rotatably supported on the platform structure.

In aspects, the wave energy conversion system may further include a hydraulic system, which may include a plurality of hydraulic circuits. Each of the plurality of hydraulic circuits may be mechanically coupled to a respective one of the plurality of pods. Each hydraulic circuit may contribute to the actuation of a hydraulic motor in mechanical communication with an electrical generator, thereby generating electrical energy.

In certain aspects, the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism may include a driven gear fixedly disposed on a drive-shaft extending through the center of rotation of the pod. Alternatively, the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism may include a driven gear rotatably supported on a post fixedly secured to an end surface defined on the pod.

In aspects, the wave energy conversion system may further include a ballasting system. The ballasting system may be configured to selectively submerge the wave energy system.

A further aspect of the disclosure is a method of converting wave energy into electrical energy is also provided in accordance with the present disclosure including providing a wave energy conversion system including a pod rotatably supported by a platform structure, a multi-radius energy transmission mechanism in mechanical communication with the pod, the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism configured to transmit a variable torque over a range of motion, and an electrical generating device in mechanical communication with the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism. The method further includes initiating rotation of the pod, thereby causing the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism to cause the electrical generating device to generate electricity.

In aspects, initiating rotation of the pod may include the multi-radius energy transmission mechanism imparting an increasing torque on the pod as the pod rotates from an initial position to a maximum position. Providing a wave energy conversion system may include the multi-radius transmission mechanism having a drive gear rotatably supported on the driveshaft and a driven gear rotatably supported on a post fixedly secured to the platform structure. Rotation of the pod may cause the drive gear to initiate rotation of the driven gear. Further, providing a wave energy conversion system may include the driven gear being in mechanical communication with the electrical generating device. Rotation of the pod may cause the electrical generating device to generate electricity.

In aspects, providing a wave energy conversion system may include the drive gear and driven gear having an elliptical profile. A radius of the drive gear may increase and a radius of the driven gear may decrease at a location adjacent to the interface of the drive gear and driven gear as the pod is rotated, thereby transmitting a variable torque.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems for converting energy from the wave patterns of a body of water into electrical energy are provided in accordance with the present disclosure and described in detailed below. However, these detailed embodiments are merely examples of the present disclosure, which may be embodied in various forms.

With reference toFIG. 1, a system provided in accordance with the present disclosure and configured for converting energy from the wave patterns of a body of water into electrical energy is shown generally identified by reference numeral100. System100generally includes a platform structure110which is configured to be partially submerged within the ocean.

Platform structure110includes a plurality of elongate members112and114arranged in a parallel configuration. A stabilizing beam116is interposed between each of elongate members112,114at a trailing or leeward end110band a connective beam118is interposed between each of elongate members112,114at a leading or windward end110a. Stabilizing beam116and connective beam118cooperate to provide transverse stability to platform structure110and maintain each of elongate members112,114in a parallel configuration. Stabilizing beam116and connective beam118may be rigidly secured to each of elongate members112,114using any suitable means, such as welding, adhesives, bolted connection, rivets, or the like.

As best illustrated inFIG. 1, elongate members112,114include similar profiles, and therefore only one will be described herein in the interest of brevity. Elongate member112includes a generally oar shaped profile in order to further increase the stability of platform structure110. In this manner, the windward end112aof elongate member112includes an oval-shaped cross section112b, reminiscent of that of the paddle portion of the oar. The oval-shaped cross section112btransitions to a circular cross-section112ein a leeward direction, although other suitable cross sections are also contemplated, such as square, octagonal, or the like. The circular cross section112eincludes an outer diameter that is less than that of oval-shaped cross section112band is reminiscent of the shank portion of an oar. A fin112gis disposed on the leeward end112fof elongate member112and extends in a leeward direction therefrom. Fin112gincludes a generally planar profile and includes a narrow cross section in a direction transverse to elongate body112. Fin112gincludes an overall height greater than that of the outer diameter of circular cross section112esuch that a greater portion of fin112gis submerged within the water than the remaining portions of platform structure110. In this manner, the increased surface area of fin112gsubmerged within the water provides a self-aligning capability that aligns platform structure110with the direction of wave propagation.

Referring now toFIGS. 2-8, an energy removing member or pod provided in accordance with the present disclosure is shown generally identified by reference numeral120. As best illustrated inFIG. 3, pod120includes a generally tear drop or egg shaped profile; however, other profiles are also contemplated as it has been found that the shape of pod120can significantly impact the energy removing capability (i.e., the efficiency) of the system. As best illustrated inFIG. 3, pod120includes a pair of planar side surfaces122,124disposed in spaced relation to each other and oriented such that an upper end of each of planar side surfaces122,124intersect to form an apex126. Although generally shown as having an arcuate profile, apex126may include any suitable profile such as pointed, planar, or the like. Planar side surface122forms an angle β with respect to a vertical axis “V” of approximately 15 degrees, although other angles are also contemplated. Although generally shown as being disposed in a mirrored fashion, i.e., planar side surfaces122,124form an equal angle with respect to an axis defined through apex126, it is contemplated that planar side surface122may diverge at a greater angle than planar side surface124, or vice versa.

Planar side surface122is disposed on a leading or windward side120aof pod120and transitions into a circular or arcuate profile128having a decreasing radius and extending towards and eventually joining planar side surface124disposed on a trailing or leeward side120bof pod120. In this manner, the length of planar side surface122is shorter than that of planar side surface124. As best illustrated inFIG. 3, the center of the initial radius of arcuate profile128is located at point128aand the final radius of arcuate profile128is located at point128b, located a distance “D” above point128athat is ½ the initial radius of arcuate profile128. This configuration provides a centroid or center of gravity130that is below the center of rotation of pod120, which is located at point128a, while also providing a center of buoyancy133that is above the center of rotation128aof pod120. In combination, the geometry of the center of rotation128a, center of gravity130, and center of buoyancy133cause pod120to statically float in the water “W” such that planar side surface122intersects the water's surface at an angle of approximately 75 degrees (i.e., 15 degrees from vertical). It is contemplated, however, that the various geometries discussed above may be altered, depending on the materials used to construct pod120, the mechanical elements disposed within pod120, and other considerations that impact the mass, buoyancy, and the location of center of gravity of pod120.

FIG. 4illustrates pod120in a first, static, position including a multi-radius energy transmission mechanism or transmission200capable of transmitting variable torque over a range of motion. The specific geometry of the components of transmission200enables pod120to efficiently extract energy from the waves. Scientific testing has revealed that the energy contained by a wave depends on the period between each crest of a wave and the height of each wave. A mathematical formula illustrating this relationship is: P=ρ·g2/64·π·Hm02·Te; where P is the wave energy flux per unit of wave-crest length, ρ is the density of the water; g is the gravitational constant, Hm0is the significant wave height, and Teis the wave energy period. Thus, effective coupling of the pod120to the waves involves the angle of pod120in relation to the waves, the significant wave height, and the wave energy period.

When pod120is in a first, static, position (FIGS. 4 and 5A), the waves impart a small amount of force upon pod120, thereby imparting a proportionally small amount of torque about point128a. Therefore, the resistance against rotation about point128aprovided by transmission200must be low in order to permit pod120to rotate about point128aand thereby generate energy. As pod120is caused to further rotate (FIG. 5B), the amount of force imparted by the waves increases with the amount of surface area of the windward side120aof pod120that is exposed, thereby increasing the amount of torque generated about point128auntil pod120reaches a maximum angle of rotation (FIGS. 4A and 5C) at which point the torque generated is at its maximum. Therefore, as pod120is further rotated about point128afrom its static position, the resistance against rotation about point128aprovided by transmission200must also increase. Thus, the greater the wave height and the longer the period of the wave energy, the further pod120will rotate, and thus the greater the amount of counter torque will be required. As will be discussed below, transmission200provides a variable torque response as pod120is caused to rotate about point128a.

Referring no toFIG. 2, pod120includes a side cover or transmission cover132releasably secured to an end surface134(FIG. 3) defined by the perimeter of pod120(i.e., planar side surfaces122,124, apex126, and arcuate profile128, as illustrated inFIG. 3). Side cover132is releasably secured to end surface134using any suitable means, such as bolts, latches, quick release fasteners, or the like. Although generally shown as having a profile complimentary to that of pod120, it is contemplated that side cover132may include any profile necessary to cover transmission200and shield transmission200from water or other elements. It is contemplated that side cover132may provide a water-tight seal against end surface134in order to inhibit water from contacting transmission200.

A plurality of fins136are fixedly secured to the windward side120aof pod120extending along planar side surface124and arcuate profile128. Fins136increase the efficiency of pod120by capturing wave energy travelling at an oblique angle relative to the center of rotation128aof pod120.

As illustrated inFIG. 4, transmission200includes a drive gear202fixedly disposed on a driveshaft (not shown) extending through the center of rotation128aof pod120, such that pod120is rotatably supported thereon. Drive gear202may be fixedly secured to the driveshaft using any suitable means, such as splines, friction fit, adhesives, or the like. The driveshaft is fixedly secured platform structure110and extends through pod120and extends past end surface134. Drive gear202is secured to the driveshaft at a point other than the geometric center of drive gear202such that drive gear202remains stationary as pod120rotates about the driveshaft.

An intermediate or driven gear204is rotatably supported on a post or spindle (not shown) that is fixedly disposed on end surface134in a cantilever fashion, although it is contemplated that the post may be supported on a first end by end surface134and on a second end by side cover132(FIG. 2). Driven gear204is rotatably supported on the post by any suitable means, such as bearings, bushings, or the like. Alternatively, it is contemplated that the post may be rotatably supported by end surface134and may include torque transferring features (not shown), such as a plurality of splines or the like, that interface with complementary torque transmitting features disposed on driven gear204. As can be appreciated, driven gear may alternatively be fixedly secured to the post using friction fit, press fit, or other suitable means capable of transmitting torque from the post to driven gear204. Driven gear204is disposed on the post at a location204aother than its geometric center such that the driven gear204rotates about the post in an eccentric manner as driven gear204is caused to be rotated by drive gear202. In this manner, driven gear204rotates about drive gear202in a planetary fashion. The eccentric rotation of driven gear204, coupled with the eccentric mounting of drive gear202, ensures that each of driven gear204and drive gear202remain in mechanical communication as pod120is caused to be rotated by wave energy. In this manner, the relative centers of rotation of drive gear202and driven gear204remain constant as pod120rotates about center of rotation128awhile the torque transfer between drive gear202and driven gear204varies with continued rotation of pod120.

As illustrated inFIG. 4, in a first, static position, drive gear202and driven gear204are disposed about their respective points of rotation,128a,204a, such that the radius between point128aand the interface between drive gear202and driven gear204is a minimum value202a, and the radius between location204aand the interface between drive gear202and driven gear204is a complimentary maximum value204b. As pod120is caused to be rotated by the waves, the radius between point128aand the interface between drive gear202and driven gear204increases, whereas the radius between location204aand the interface between drive gear202and driven gear204decreases, thereby providing a variable torque response against the torque generated by the waves through the counterclockwise motion of the pod120(i.e., the resistance to rotation increases as pod120is rotated counterclockwise). Ultimately, as illustrated inFIGS. 4A and 5C, when pod120is caused to rotate to a maximum position (i.e., the position generating maximum torque), drive gear includes a maximum radius202band driven gear includes a complimentary minimum radius204c. As can be appreciated, the radius of each of drive gear202and driven gear204is continuously variable through the rotation of pod120, thereby maintaining mechanical communication therebetween (i.e., the gear teeth (not shown) of each maintain a proper mesh throughout the range of rotation of pod120).

Referring again toFIG. 4, a spur gear206is rotatably disposed on the post (i.e., the same post on which driven gear is disposed) such that spur gear206rotates about its geometric center. Spur gear206is fixedly secured to driven gear204by any suitable means (i.e., bolted connection, nested configuration using friction fit, press fit, cogs, etc.), such that spur gear206rotates in unison with driven gear204(i.e., the torque from driven gear204is imparted on spur gear206). In the instance where driven gear204is fixedly secured to the post, spur gear206includes complimentary torque transmitting features to those of the post. In this manner, similarly to above, spur gear206and driven gear204rotate in unison. It is contemplated that spur gear206may be mechanically coupled to driven gear204using a one way clutch or other suitable device such as a ratcheting mechanism. In this manner, spur gear206is only driven by driven gear204in a first direction (i.e., as pod120is caused to rotate from an initial position to its maximum position), and is decoupled from driven gear in a second direction (i.e., as pod120returns to its initial position).

An electrical generating device or generator220is disposed within end surface134of pod120. Generating device220may be any suitable generating device such as a permanent magnet electrical generator, electromagnetic generator, hydraulic rotary actuator, hydraulic pump, or the like. Generator220includes a pinion gear222in mechanical cooperation with spur gear206, such that as spur gear206is rotated, pinion gear222is likewise rotated, thereby generating electrical energy. It is contemplated that driven gear204, and therefore, spur gear206, may include a one way clutch, or one way clutch bearing (not shown) disposed thereon. In this manner, the generating device is only driven when pod120is caused to be rotated from its initial position (FIG. 4) to its final position (FIG. 4A). As pod120returns to its initial position, the one way clutch permits driven gear204, and thereby spur gear206, to remain stationary and thereby not transfer any torque to generating device220.

Although generally described above as utilizing a series of gears, it is contemplated that transmission200may utilized any suitable means to provide a varying torque response over a range of motion, such as belts (FIG. 8), friction drive, viscous couplings, or the like. With reference toFIG. 8, in the instance where a belt is utilized to transmit the varying torque response between drive gear202and driven gear204, it is contemplated that the belt may be continuous or may terminate on drive gear202. In this manner, a belt230is secured on each end by suitable fastening devices232,234, which are fixedly secured to an outer circumference of drive gear202. This configuration limits the rotation of pod120from its first, static position (FIG. 5A) to its maximum, or vertical position (FIG. 5C), although it is contemplated that pod120may rotate 360 degrees in the instance where a continuous belt is utilized.

Referring now toFIG. 6, an illustration of another transmission provided in accordance with the present disclosure is provided and generally referred to by reference numeral300. Transmission300is similar to that of transmission200, described above, and therefore in the interest of brevity, only the differences therebetween will be described below. Transmission300includes an elliptical drive gear302and a corresponding elliptical driven gear304. Elliptical drive gear302is rotatably supported on the driveshaft (not shown) at point128asuch that elliptical drive gear302rotates concentrically thereabout (i.e., elliptical drive gear302is not eccentrically disposed on the driveshaft). Similarly, elliptical driven gear304is rotatably supported on the post (not shown) at point304asuch that elliptical driven gear304rotates concentrically thereabout (i.e., elliptical driven gear304is not eccentrically disposed on the post). Elliptical drive gear302and elliptical driven gear304are oriented such that when pod120is in its initial position (FIG. 4), the short axis302aof elliptical drive gear302interfaces with the long axis304bof elliptical driven gear304. In this manner, transmission300provides a similar effect of that of transmission200; however, transmission300permits pod120to rotate a full 360 degrees about point128awhile maintaining constant contact between elliptical drive gear302and elliptical driven gear304.

FIG. 7illustrates another embodiment of a system provided in accordance with the present disclosure and configured for converting energy from the wave patterns of a body of water into electrical energy is shown generally identified by reference numeral400. System400is similar to that of system100, discussed above, and therefore in the interest of brevity, only the differences therebetween will be discussed below. A hydraulic actuator402is rotatably secured to platform structure110on a first end and rotatably secured to pod120on a second end. In this manner, when pod120is in a first, static position404, the hydraulic actuator402is fully extended. As pod120is caused to rotate about point128a, the hydraulic actuator is caused to compress, thereby driving hydraulic fluid (not shown) through the hydraulic system (not shown), until pod120reaches a second, final position406. In this manner, hydraulic actuator402provides an increased resistance to the rotation of pod120as pod120is caused to rotate from the first position to the second position, similarly to the variable torque response discussed above with respect to system100. As the wave passes pod120and pod120is permitted to return to its first position404, thereby causing the hydraulic actuator402to expand. This motion causes hydraulic actuator402to pump hydraulic fluid through the hydraulic system, thereby generating electrical energy.

Referring back toFIG. 1, a plurality of pods120is rotatably supported on windward end110aof platform structure110. Pods120are interposed between elongate members112,114of platform structure110and are disposed on the outside of each of elongate members112,114. Pods120that are disposed outside of elongate members112,114, are rotatably supported on a driveshaft that is aligned with connective beam118, thereby maintaining the lateral stiffness of platform structure110. As can be appreciated, each of the plurality of pods120may be supported by means of bearings, bushings, or the like. It is further contemplated that each of the plurality of pods120may be fixedly secured to a driveshaft (not shown) that is rotatably supported within each of elongate members112,114using any suitable means, such as bearings, bushings, or the like. In this manner, the driveshaft rotates contemporaneously with each of pods120. Further, it is contemplated that transmission200may be disposed within or on elongate members200, thereby allowing pods120to be easily removed from platform structure110for service or other needs, as best illustrated inFIG. 4B. In this manner, drive gear202is fixedly secured to pod120such that pod120and drive gear202rotate in unison. A further benefit of transmission200being disposed remote from pod120is that generating device220may be disposed at a location more suitable for a large or heavy device, such as in the case of a hydraulic motor or the like. It is contemplated that generating device220may be in mechanical communication with spur gear206via a belt, chain, or other suitable drive-line device. Further benefits of transmission200being disposed remote from pod120include reduced complexity of pod120, thereby allowing for easier manufacturing of pod120, and enabling platform structure110to be better balanced, since the heavy components of transmission200are maintained in a stationary location relative to platform structure110. This configuration reduces the stresses acting on transmission200and therefore allows for smaller components to be used, longer service intervals, and increased efficiency of energy generation.

Another platform structure suitable for use with pods120is illustrated inFIG. 1Aand generally referred to by reference numeral1200. Platform structure1200is generally similar to that of platform structure110, and therefore only the differences therebetween will be described in the interest of brevity. A windward end or leading end1200aof platform structure1200includes a pair of elongate beams1202,1204extending in a transverse direction to elongate members1206,1208. Elongate beams1202,1204are arranged in a stacked orientation and include an arcuate profile when viewed from above. A plurality of U-shaped frames1210are interposed between each of elongate beams1202,1204and are fixedly secured to an underside of elongate beam1202. In this manner, the U-shaped frames1210are oriented in an upside down fashion, such that a pod120may be rotatably secured therein. This configuration enables a large number of pods120to be secured to platform structure1200while maintaining the stability of platform structure1200in the water. WhileFIGS. 1 and 1Adepict specific examples of implementation of the current disclosure, they should not be found limiting, but instead those of skill in the art will understand that the pods120may be deployed on a variety of structures of varying sizes without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9illustrates another platform structure incorporating the use of a plurality of pods120, generally referred to by reference numeral1500. Platform structure1500includes a generally circular configuration and include a lumen1502defined therethrough. A plurality of cutouts1504are defined through upper and lower ends of platform structure1500, each of cutouts1504including a pod120rotatably supported therein. Platform structure1500may include any or all of the features described above and may be free floating or may be secured to a pylon of a dock, oil rig, or a buoy for example via a tether.

With reference toFIG. 10, yet another platform structure incorporating the use of a pod120is illustrated generally referred to by reference numeral1600. Platform structure1600includes an arm1602having a pod120rotatably secured thereto on a first end, and a plate1604fixedly secured thereto on a second end. It is contemplated that arm1602and plate1604may be integrally formed. Plate1604is configured to be rigidly secured by any suitable means (e.g., bolted connection, adhesives, or the like) to a large object such as a boat, dock, buoy, or the like. Arm1602and plate1604may be formed from any suitable material having sufficient rigidity to support pod120and to resist corrosion, such as stainless steel, cobalt chrome, composites, polymers, or the like. As can be appreciated, platform structure1600may include any or all of the features described above.

Turning now toFIG. 11, still another platform structure incorporating the use of a pod120is illustrated generally referred to by reference numeral1700. Platform structure1700is similar to platform structure1600, except arm1702is rigidly fixed to the seabed1704close to shore, thereby minimizing the size of platform structure1700. It is contemplated that pod120may be rotatably supported by arm1702in a cantilever manner or arm1702may include a pair of tabs1706extending vertically therefrom such that a driveshaft (not shown) rotatably supporting pod120may be supported on either end. As can be appreciated, platform structure1700may include any or all of the features described above.

It is contemplated that system100may include a beacon140disposed thereon. Although generally shown as being disposed on stabilizing beam116, it is contemplated that beacon140may be disposed at any suitable location on platform structure110or separated therefrom (for example on a platform extending away from the platform to windward. Beacon140may be any suitable device capable of transmitting and receiving information regarding oceanic events, such as tides, wave height, the presence of storms, etc. Beacon140may include a suitable computer (not shown) capable of executing a program stored on a suitable storage medium (not shown), such as flash memory, a hard drive, or the like. Beacon140includes a global positioning system (GPS) such that beacon140may transmit the location of beacon140to enable oceanic information to be transmitted wireless thereto in order to cause system100to adjust to the oceanic conditions at that particular location. In addition, beacon140may instruct a ballasting system1300(FIGS. 19A and 19B) to cause system100to submerge ahead of a storm or other event that may imperil system100, as will be discussed in further detail below.

Continuing withFIG. 1, system100further includes a wave measuring device150rigidly secured to platform structure110. Wave measuring device150includes a buoy152slidably or rotatably disposed thereon that is partially submerged in the water. Buoy152is buoyant, and therefore is coupled to the water such that it follows the waves as they pass under platform structure110. In this manner, buoy152measures the instantaneous wave height and wave period of the waves passing under platform structure110. This information is stored in a suitable storage medium of a computer (not shown) containing an executable program capable of receiving the data, interpreting the data, and sending commands.

The wave height and wave period measurements are used to determine whether ballasting system1300(FIGS. 19A and 19B) should submerge system100, as will be discussed in further detail below. It is further contemplated that wave measuring device150may be used to instantaneously adjust an electromagnetic generator (not shown) disposed in pod120in lieu of generator220or transmission200. In this manner, the electromagnetic generator may be in mechanical cooperation with drive gear202, and the torque response provided by the electromagnetic generator may be increased or decreased as a result of the measurements gathered by wave measuring device150.

With reference toFIG. 12, an illustration of a hydraulically actuated electrical generation system500provided in accordance with the present disclosure. Although generally shown as being disposed in a head160disposed on platform structure110, electrical generation system500may be disposed in any suitable location, whether on platform structure110, within platform structure110, or remote from platform structure110. Each pod120includes a corresponding electrical generation system500, although other configurations are also contemplated, such as coupling one or more pods120to a single electrical generator502.

A schematic of a hydraulic circuit600is illustrated inFIG. 13corresponding to a pod120including a hydraulic rotary actuator602. Hydraulic rotary actuator602may be any suitable rotary actuator known in the art, such as a rack and pinion, vane, or the like. An input shaft (not shown) of hydraulic rotary actuator602is fixedly secured to pinion gear222, thereby being in mechanical communication with transmission200. Hydraulic rotary actuator602is hydraulically coupled to a fluid source604having a first one way valve604a. First one way valve604ais configured to permit the passage of fluid only out of fluid source604and into hydraulic rotary actuator602, such that hydraulic rotary actuator602may only draw fluid therein, and not expel fluid back into fluid source604. A hydraulic line606is hydraulically coupled to hydraulic rotary actuator602and includes a second one way valve606ain hydraulic communication therewith. Second one way valve606ais configured to permit the passage of fluid from hydraulic rotary actuator602, and prohibit fluid from being drawn back into hydraulic rotary actuator602. An accumulator608is also disposed on hydraulic line606and is in hydraulic communication therewith. Accumulator608is disposed downstream of second one way valve606a. Continuing further downstream, a hydraulic motor610is disposed on hydraulic line606and is in hydraulic communication therewith. Hydraulic motor610is hydraulically coupled to fluid source604, such that any fluid drawn in by hydraulic rotary actuator602is expelled into fluid source604after passing therethrough. The combination of the first and second one way valves604a,606a, ensures that the fluid may only be forced into the hydraulic motor610, and not back into the fluid source604. In this manner, the fluid is pressurized between the hydraulic rotary actuator602and the hydraulic motor610, thereby causing the hydraulic motor610, and in turn an electrical generator612(or electrical generator502ofFIG. 12) mechanically coupled to an output shaft (not shown) of the hydraulic motor610, to rotate, thereby generating electrical energy. The low pressure fluid expelled from the hydraulic motor is then returned to the fluid source604. An alternative hydraulic circuit600is illustrated inFIG. 13A.

Referring now toFIG. 14, another hydraulic schematic is provided illustrating hydraulic circuit700is provided. Hydraulic circuit700corresponds to system100including a hydraulic pump702mechanically coupled to transmission200. In this manner, pinion gear222is fixedly disposed on an output shaft (not shown) of hydraulic pump702. Hydraulic system700includes a high pressure line704hydraulically coupled to a high pressure side of hydraulic pump702and terminating in a high pressure side of hydraulic motor708. High pressure line704includes a first one way valve704adisposed upstream of a high pressure or first accumulator704b. A low pressure line706is hydraulically coupled to a low pressure side of hydraulic motor708and terminates at a low pressure side of hydraulic pump702. Low pressure line706includes a low pressure or second accumulator706bdisposed upstream of a second one way valve706a. Hydraulic system700is a closed loop system and therefore, the combination of first and second one way valves704a,706a, causes the fluid to only flow in a direction from hydraulic pump702to hydraulic motor708. In this manner, hydraulic pump causes the fluid in high pressure line704to increase in pressure and drive hydraulic motor708, and in turn an electrical generator710(or electrical generator502ofFIG. 12) mechanically coupled to an output shaft (not shown) of the hydraulic motor708, thereby generating electrical energy. The low pressure fluid expelled by hydraulic motor708is returned to hydraulic pump702via low pressure line706, thereby completing the hydraulic loop.

FIG. 15illustrates yet another hydraulic circuit800provided in accordance with the present disclosure. Hydraulic circuit800corresponds to system400including a hydraulic actuator402, which may be any suitable linear hydraulic actuator. A first high pressure line804is hydraulically coupled to a first chamber402aof hydraulic actuator402, and a second high pressure line806is hydraulically coupled to a second chamber402b. Each of high pressure lines804,806includes a corresponding first and second one way valve804a,806a, configured to permit fluid flow only in a direction flowing away from hydraulic actuator402. High pressure lines804,806converge into a high pressure hydraulic conduit808that terminates in at a high pressure end of a hydraulic motor810. High pressure conduit808includes a high pressure or first accumulator808adisposed between hydraulic motor810and first and second one way valves804a,806a. A low pressure conduit812is hydraulically coupled to a low pressure side of hydraulic motor810and diverges into a first low pressure line814and a second low pressure line816. First low pressure line814is hydraulically coupled to first chamber402aof hydraulic actuator402and second low pressure line816is hydraulically coupled to second chamber402bof hydraulic actuator402. Each of first and second low pressure lines814,816includes a corresponding third and fourth one way valve814a,816a, configured to permit fluid flow only in a direction flowing into hydraulic actuator402. Low pressure conduit812includes a low pressure or second accumulator812adisposed thereon between hydraulic motor810and first and third and fourth one way valves814a,816a. The rotation of pod120, and therefore the compression and extension of hydraulic actuator402, pressurizes the fluid contained within system800, drives the hydraulic motor810, and in turn drives an electrical generator818(or electrical generator502ofFIG. 12) mechanically coupled to an output shaft (not shown) of the hydraulic motor810, thereby generating electrical energy. The low pressure fluid expelled by hydraulic motor810is returned to the low pressure side of the hydraulic actuator402via low pressure conduit812, thereby completing the hydraulic loop.

As noted above, it is contemplated that one or more pods120may be included in system100. As can be appreciated, each pod120may include a single hydraulic circuit (i.e., hydraulic circuits600,700,800discussed above) including a single electrical generator, or the hydraulic circuits of a plurality of pods120may be hydraulically coupled to form a single hydraulic circuit driving a single electrical generator.

FIG. 16illustrates a hydraulic system900including a plurality of pods120, and therefore a plurality of hydraulic circuits. Although shown with three hydraulic circuits, it is contemplated that any number of hydraulic circuits may be coupled together to drive the electrical generator908. As can be appreciated, hydraulic system900may include identical hydraulic circuits (i.e., all hydraulic circuit600), or may include any combination of hydraulic circuits600,700, and/or800. As illustrated inFIG. 11, hydraulic system900includes one of each of hydraulic circuits600,700, and800. Each of hydraulic circuits600,700, and800are disposed in a parallel configuration, and include a high pressure line902aon a high pressure side902and a low pressure line904aon a low pressure side904. A hydraulic motor906is disposed at the end of hydraulic system900and is in hydraulic communication with each of the high pressure line902aand low pressure line904a. An output shaft (not shown) of the hydraulic motor906is in mechanical communication with an electrical generator908(or electrical generator502ofFIG. 12). A high pressure accumulator902bis hydraulically coupled to the high pressure line902abetween the final hydraulic circuit and the hydraulic motor906, and a low pressure accumulator904bis hydraulically coupled to the low pressure line904abetween the hydraulic motor906and the final hydraulic circuit. A filter904cincluding a differential pressure switch is hydraulically coupled to the low pressure line904abetween the low pressure accumulator904band the final hydraulic circuit, thereby removing any contaminants from the hydraulic system900before re-entering each of the hydraulic circuits600,700, and800. Each of the hydraulic circuits600,700,800contributes to pressurizing the hydraulic fluid contained within high pressure line902a. As can be appreciated, each of the hydraulic circuits600,700,800may contribute to the pressurization of the hydraulic fluid in an individual capacity. In this manner, the pods120are not required to simultaneously contribute to the pressurization and may move independent of each other. Indeed, the combination of each of the one way valves,606a,704a,804a, and806aof respective hydraulic circuits600,700, and800ensure that high pressure hydraulic fluid may not flow back into any of the hydraulic rotary actuator602, hydraulic pump702, or hydraulic actuator402. A further benefit of individual contributions to pressurizing the hydraulic fluid is that there are fewer pressure drops as the pressurized hydraulic fluid drives the hydraulic motor906(i.e., a more continuous flow/pressure is provided), thereby providing a more continuous generation of electrical energy. An alternative hydraulic system900is illustrated inFIG. 16A.

FIG. 17illustrates another hydraulic system1000having a plurality of hydraulic circuits hydraulically coupled thereto. Hydraulic system1000is similar to hydraulic system900discussed above, and therefore, only the differences therebetween will be discussed in the interest of brevity. Hydraulic system1000includes a high pressure tee1002having a first gate valve1002ahydraulically coupled thereto, ultimately terminating at a high pressure side of hydraulic motor906(FIG. 16). First gate valve1002ais disposed upstream of hydraulic motor906and may be any suitable gate valve capable of cutting off the flow of hydraulic fluid to hydraulic motor906. Hydraulic system1000further includes a low pressure tee1004having a second gate valve1004ahydraulically coupled thereto, ultimately terminating at a low pressure side of hydraulic motor906. Second gate valve1004ais disposed downstream of hydraulic motor906and may be any suitable gate valve capable of cutting off the flow of hydraulic fluid from hydraulic motor906. It is contemplated that first and second gate valves1002a,1004amay be a manual gate valve, automatic gate valve, or the like. In combination, when first and second gate valves1002a,1004aare shut, hydraulic circuits600,700, and800are isolated from hydraulic motor906. In this manner, service may be performed on either hydraulic motor906or any of the hydraulic circuits600,700, or800.

Referring now toFIG. 18, a hydraulic system1100capable of individually isolating each of the hydraulic circuits600,700, and800is illustrated. Hydraulic system1100is similar to hydraulic system1000, discussed above, and therefore only the differences therebetween will be discussed in the interest of brevity. Hydraulic system1100includes three hydraulic circuits hydraulically coupled to form hydraulic system1100. The first two hydraulic circuits,600,700include a high pressure tee1102and a low pressure tee1104interposed therebetween. Each of the hydraulic circuits600,700, include a respective high pressure gate valve,1106,1108, and a respective low pressure gate valve1110,1112disposed adjacent to each of the high pressure tee1102and low pressure tee1104. Additionally, third hydraulic circuit800includes a high pressure line1114hydraulically coupled to high pressure tee1102and a low pressure line1116hydraulically coupled to low pressure tee1104. Third hydraulic circuit800includes a high pressure gate valve1118disposed adjacent to high pressure tee1102and a low pressure gate valve1120dispose adjacent to low pressure tee1104. Similarly to hydraulic system1000, each of the high pressure tee and low pressure tee includes a respective gate valve1122,1124. In this manner, hydraulic system1100may be selectively isolated from a hydraulic motor (not shown), or, as desired, each hydraulic circuit600,700, and/or800may be individually isolated from the rest of hydraulic system1100.

As can be appreciated, each of hydraulic circuits600,700,800, and each of hydraulic systems900,1000,1100may include a redundant circuit hydraulically coupled to a respective hydraulic motor. In this manner, if an issue arises with one hydraulic motor, that particular circuit may be isolated while maintaining the ability to generate electrical energy while a technician performs service or repairs to the affected circuit.

As illustrated inFIGS. 19A and 19B, system100includes a ballasting system1300capable of submerging system100in the event a storm. Ballasting system1300includes a mooring1302resting on a seabed1304and a mooring line1306fixedly secured to the mooring1302at a first end and fixedly secured to the windward end110aof platform structure110using any suitable means. Mooring1302may be any suitable mooring, such as a swing mooring, fore and aft mooring, pile mooring, or the like. It is contemplated that mooring line may be any suitable line such as a chain, rope, steel cable, or the like and may include a suitable electrical line (not shown) attached thereto; however, it is contemplated that mooring line1306may be capable of transmitting electrical energy generated by system100, and then transmitted back to shore or a floating electrical substation (not shown) via an undersea cable1308. Ballasting system1300may include a pump (not shown) capable of drawing water from the sea within chambers (not shown) defined within each of elongate members112,114of platform structure110; although other configurations are also contemplated, such as air pumps, stand-alone water/air chambers, or the like. In the event of a storm or other natural event that would imperil system100, the ballasting system draws water into the chambers (or expels air) in order to submerge system100(FIG. 19B). It is contemplated that ballasting system1300may submerge system100a certain depth beneath the sea or may submerge system100until platform structure110rests on the sea bed1304. The depth at which system100is submerged is dependent upon the depth of the sea and the intensity of the storm.

Referring now toFIGS. 20 and 21, an illustration of another system capable of extracting energy from waves is provided and generally referred to by reference numeral1400. System1400includes a head or platform structure1402disposed at a windward or leading end1400a. Head1402includes an arcuate beam1404having ends that curve and extend towards a leeward or trailing end1400b. Head1402includes a compartment1406disposed on arcuate beam1404at a location that bisects arcuate beam1404, although other configurations are also contemplated. A plurality of tails1408, each consisting of a plurality of interconnected elongate members1410, is rotatably secured to an underside of arcuate beam1404at equally spaced locations along arcuate beam1404. Each of the plurality of interconnected elongate members1410is rotatable secured to the next, such that each elongate member1410may conform to the shape of a wave that is passing thereunder. In order to extract energy from the waves, each elongate member of the plurality of elongate members includes at least one hydraulic actuator1412(FIG. 21) that is rotatably supported on a leading elongate member1410aon a first end, and is rotatably supported on a trailing elongate member1410bon a second end. In this manner, as each elongate member articulates (i.e., follows the shape of the wave), the hydraulic actuator1412is compressed or extended, thereby pumping hydraulic fluid throughout a hydraulic system (not shown) disposed on or within head1402.

As can be appreciated, the hydraulic circuit used for each hydraulic actuator may be similar to hydraulic circuit800, discussed above, and the hydraulic system (not shown) hydraulically coupling each hydraulic circuit may be similar to any of hydraulic systems900,1000, or1100discussed above. It is contemplated that compartment1406may be watertight and may include an electrical generator (not shown) and other hydraulic components (e.g., accumulators, gate valves, etc.), thereby shielding such components from the sea and other elements.

It is contemplated that system1400may include any or all of the components or systems described above, such as ballasting system1300, beacon140, and/or wave measuring device150.

It is further contemplated that the electrical power generated using any of the above embodiments may be used to generate and store hydrogen. In this manner, the electrical energy extracted from the waves may power an electrolyzer (not shown) fixedly secured to platform structure110. The electrolyzer may be any suitable electrolyzer capable of decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen gas and is in electrical communication with the electrical generator502(FIG. 12). The generated hydrogen may then be separated from the oxygen using any suitable means known in the art and may be stored within suitable tanks (not shown) capable of storing and selectively releasing the hydrogen gas. It is contemplated that the tanks may be disposed within elongate members112,114of platform structure110, may be disposed at any suitable location on platform structure110, or may be located remote from platform structure110. As can be appreciated, any of the above described systems may include the ability to both generate hydrogen and transmit electricity, either simultaneously or selectively by means of a switch (not shown) or any other suitable means. It is further contemplated that the oxygen gas separated from the water by the electrolyzer may be utilized in ballasting system1300.