Organic light-emitting device

An organic light-emitting device with improved efficiency and improved lifetime includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer. The emission layer includes a first material represented by Formula 1, a second material represented by Formula 2, and a third material different from the second material and represented by Formula 8:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0010027, filed on Jan. 21, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to organic light-emitting devices.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), which are self-emitting devices, have features such as wide viewing angles, excellent contrast, quick response, high brightness, excellent driving voltage characteristics, and can provide multicolored images.

An organic light-emitting device may have a structure in which a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed in this order on a substrate. Holes injected from the first electrode move to the emission layer via the hole transport region, while electrons injected from the second electrode move to the emission layer via the electron transport region. Carriers such as the holes and electrons recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. When the excitons drop from an excited state to a ground state, light is emitted.

SUMMARY

Aspects according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure7are directed toward organic light-emitting devices.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, an organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer.

The emission layer includes a first material represented by Formula 1, a second material represented by Formula 2, and a third material different from the second material and represented by Formula 8:

L11and L12are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroarylene group;

a11 and a12 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

R11and R12are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

b11 and b12 are each independently selected from 1, 2, and 3;

Ar21is selected from a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arene and a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, a valency of the C6-C60arene and the non-aromatic condensed polycycle corresponding to a value of n21;

L21to L23are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroarylene group;

a21 to a23 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

R21and R22are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

n21 is selected from 1, 2, and 3;

Ar81is selected from a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arene, a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, and a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60alkene, a valency of the C6-C60arene, the non-aromatic condensed polycycle, the non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, and the C2-C60alkene corresponding to a value of n81;

L81to L83are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroarylene group;

a81 to a83 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

R81and R82are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

n81 is selected from 1, 2, and 3,

wherein at least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60arene, the substituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, the substituted non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, the substituted C2-C60alkene, the substituted C6-C60arylene group, the substituted C1-C60heteroarylene group, the substituted C1-C60alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60alkoxy group, the substituted C3-C10cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60aryl group, the substituted C6-C60aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It will be understood that when a layer, region, or an element is referred to as being “on” another layer, region, or element, the layer, region, or element can be directly on another layer, region, or element, or intervening layers, regions or elements may be present. As used herein, the term “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art. Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein. All such ranges are intended to be inherently described in this specification such that amending to expressly recite any such subranges would comply with the requirements of 35 U.S.C. §112(a), and 35 U.S.C. §132(a).

In the drawing, sizes and thicknesses of layers, regions, and elements may be exaggerated for clarity, and thus the sizes and thicknesses are not limited thereto.

As used herein, when an organic layer is described as including a first material, the organic layer may include one or at least two first materials represented by Formula 1.

As used herein, the term “organic layer” refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers disposed between first and second electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. A material in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

The drawing is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device10according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to the drawing, the organic light-emitting device10includes a first electrode110, an organic layer150, and a second electrode190.

A substrate may be disposed under the first electrode110or on the second electrode190in the drawing. The substrate may be a glass or transparent plastic substrate with good mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water resistance.

For example, the first electrode110may be formed by depositing or sputtering a first electrode-forming material on the substrate. When the first electrode110is an anode, a material having a high work function may be utilized as the first electrode-forming material to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode110may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode.

Transparent and conductive materials such as ITO, IZO, SnO2, and ZnO may be utilized to form the first electrode. The first electrode110as a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode may be formed of at least one material selected from magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

The first electrode110may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode110may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode110is not limited thereto.

The organic layer150that includes an emission layer (EML) may be disposed on the first electrode110. The organic layer150may include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode110and the EML, and an electron transport region disposed between the EML and the second electrode190.

For example, the hole transport region may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer (BL), and an electron blocking layer (EBL). For example, the electron transport region may include at least one of a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure including a single material, a single-layered structure including a plurality of materials, or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

In some embodiments, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure including a plurality of materials, or a multi-layered structure of HIL/HTL, HIL/HTL/buffer layer, HIL/buffer layer, HTL/buffer layer, HIL/HTL/EBL, or HTL/EBL, wherein these layers forming a multi-layered structure are sequentially disposed on the first electrode110in the order stated above. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

When the hole transport region includes an HIL, the HIL may be formed on the first electrode110by utilizing any of a variety of suitable methods, for example, by utilizing vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like.

When the HIL is formed utilizing vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary depending on the material that is utilized to form the HIL and the structure of the HIL. For example, the deposition conditions may be selected from the following conditions: a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a degree of vacuum of about 10−8to about 10−3torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 to 100 Å/sec.

When the HIL is formed utilizing spin coating, the coating conditions may vary depending on the material that is utilized to form the HIL and the structure of the HIL. For example, the coating conditions may be selected from the following conditions: a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and a heat treatment temperature of about 800° C. to about 200° C.

When the hole transport region includes an HTL, the HTL may be formed on the first electrode110or the HIL by utilizing any of a variety of suitable methods, for example, by utilizing vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like. When the HTL is formed utilizing vacuum deposition or spin coating, the conditions for deposition and coating may be similar to the above-described deposition and coating conditions for forming the HIL, and accordingly will not be described in more detail here.

In Formulae 201 and 202,

At least one substituent of the substituted C3-C10cycloalkylene group, the substituted C1-C10heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C3-C10cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C1-C10heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C6-C60arylene group, the substituted C1-C60heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and

R201to R204may be each independently selected from:

For example, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L201to L205may be each independently selected from:

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently 0, 1, or 2;

R201to R204may be each independently selected from:

For example, the compound of Formula 201 may be a compound represented by Formula 201A.

For example, the compound of Formula 201 may be a compound represented by Formula 201A-1, but it is not limited thereto:

The compound of Formula 202 may be a compound represented by Formula 202A, but it is not limited thereto.

L201to L203, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R202to R204may be defined the same as those defined above with respect to Formulae 201 and 202;

R211and R212may be defined the same as R203defined above with respect to Formulae 201 and 202; and

For example, in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, L201to L203may be each independently selected from:

xa1 to xa3 may be each independently 0 or 1;

R213and R214may be each independently selected from:

a C1-C20alkyl group, and a C1-C20alkoxy group;

R215and R216may be each independently selected from:

a C1-C20alkyl group, and a C1-C20alkoxy group;

xa5 may be 1 or 2.

In Formulae 201A and 201A-1, R213and R214may be linked to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

The compound of Formula 201 and the compound of Formula 202 may be each independently selected from Compounds HT1 to HT20, but the compound of Formula 201 and the compound of Formula 202 are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be from about 100 Å to about 10000 Å, and in some embodiments, from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å. When the hole transport region includes an HIL and an HTL, a thickness of the HIL may be from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å; and a thickness of the HTL may be from about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and in some embodiments, from about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. In one embodiment, when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the HIL, and the HTL are within these ranges, satisfactory or suitable hole transport characteristics are obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include a charge-generating material to improve the conductivity, in addition to the materials described above. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously or inhomogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of quinine derivatives, metal oxides, and cyano group-containing compounds, but it is not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are quinone derivatives (such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ), or the like); metal oxides (such as tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, or the like); and Compound HT-D1.

The hole transport region may further include at least one of a buffer layer and an EBL, in addition to the HIL and HTL described above. The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance of light according to a wavelength of the light emitted from the EML, and thus may improve the light-emission efficiency. A material in the buffer layer may be any suitable material utilized in the hole transport region. The EBL may block migration of electrons from the electron transport region into the EML.

The EML may be formed on the first electrode110or the hole transport region by utilizing any of a variety of suitable methods, for example, by utilizing vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like. When the EML is formed utilizing vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions for forming the EML may be similar to the above-described deposition and coating conditions for forming the HIL, and accordingly will not be described in more detail here.

When the organic light-emitting device10is a full color organic light-emitting device, the EML may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer to correspond to individual subpixels, respectively. In other words, each subpixel may include a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer. Each subpixel may include a single EML.

The EML may include a host and a dopant.

The host may include a first material represented by Formula 1 and a second material represented by Formula 2:

In Formula 1, L11and L12may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroarylene group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60arylene group, and the substituted C1-C60heteroarylene group may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 1, L11and L12may be each independently selected from:

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, L11and L12may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group and a naphthylene group; and

a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1, L11and L12may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-15, but L11and L12are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-15,

b31 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;

b32 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; and

* and *′ may be binding sites with an adjacent atom.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1, L11and L12may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-11, but are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-11, * and *′ may be binding sites with an adjacent atom.

In Formula 1, a11, which indicates the number of L11s, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a11 is 0, (L11)a11indicates a single bond. When a11 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L11s may be the same or different. For example, in Formula 1, a11 may be selected from 0 and 1, but it is not limited thereto.

In Formula 1, a12, which indicates the number of L12s, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a12 is 0, (L12)a12indicates a single bond. When a12 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L12S may be the same or different. For example, in Formula 1, a12 may be selected from 0 and 1, but it is not limited thereto.

In Formula 1, R11and R12may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60aryl group, the substituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 1, R11and R12may be each independently selected from:

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1, R11and R12may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1, R11and R12may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-26, but are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-26,

Ph is a phenyl group; and

* is a binding site with an adjacent atom.

In Formula 1, b11, which indicates the number of R11s, may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. When b11 is 2 or greater, the plurality of R11s may be the same or different. For example, in Formula 1, b11 may be selected from 1 and 2, but it is not limited thereto. For example, in Formula 1, b11 may be 1, but it is not limited thereto.

In Formula 1, b12, which indicates the number of R12s, may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. When b12 is 2 or greater, the plurality of R12S may be the same or different. For example, in Formula 1, b12 may be selected from 1 and 2, but it is not limited thereto. For example, in Formula 1, b12 may be 1, but it is not limited thereto.

For example, in Formula 1, R13to R20may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C1-C60alkyl group, a C6-C60aryl group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); Q1to Q3may be each independently selected from a C1-C60alkyl group and a C6-C60aryl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1, R13to R20may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and —Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3); Q1to Q3may be each independently selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, and a phenyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1, R13to R20may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and —Si(CH3)3, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 2, Ar21may be selected from a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arene and a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, the valency of the C6-C60arene and the non-aromatic condensed polycycle corresponding to (i.e., having the same value as) the value of n21 (e.g., Ar21may be selected from an n21-valent substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arene and an n21-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle). At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60arene and the substituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 2, Ar21may be selected from:

a mono, di, or tri-valent benzene, a mono, di, or tri-valent naphthalene, a mono, di, or tri-valent anthracene, a mono, di, or tri-valent phenanthrene, a mono, di, or tri-valent triphenylene, and a mono, di, or tri-valent fluorene (e.g., an n21-valent benzene, an n21-valent naphthalene, an n21-valent anthracene, an n21-valent phenanthrene, an n21-valent triphenylene, and an n21-valent fluorene), each substituted with at least one of a methyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2, Ar21may be selected from:

a mono, di, or tri-valent benzene and a mono, di, or tri-valent naphthalene (e.g., an n21-valent benzene and an n21-valent naphthalene); and

a mono, di, or tri-valent benzene and a mono, di, or tri-valent naphthalene (e.g., an n21-valent benzene and an n21-valent naphthalene), each substituted with at least one of a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2, Ar21may be selected from a mono, di, or tri-valent benzene and a mono, di, or tri-valent naphthalene (e.g., an n21-valent benzene and an n21-valent naphthalene), but it is not limited thereto.

In Formula 2, L21to L23may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroarylene group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60arylene group and the substituted C1-C60heteroarylene group may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 2, L21to L23may be each independently selected from:

In some embodiments, in Formula 2, L21to L23may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group and a naphthylene group; and

a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2, L21to L23may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-15, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-15,

b31 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;

b32 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; and

* and *′ may be binding sites with an adjacent atom.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2, L21to L23may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-11, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-11, * and *′ may be binding sites with an adjacent atom.

In Formula 2, a21, which indicates the number of L21s, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a21 is 0, (L21)a21indicates a single bond. When a21 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L21S may be the same or different.

In Formula 2, a22, which indicates the number of L22S, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a22 is 0, (L22)a22indicates a single bond. When a22 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L22S may be the same or different.

In Formula 2, a23, which indicates the number of L23S, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a23 is 0, (L23)a23indicates a single bond. When a23 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L23S may be the same or different.

For example, in Formula 2, a21 to a23 may be each independently selected from 0 and 1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 2, R21and R22may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60aryl group, the substituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 2, R21and R22may be each independently selected from:

Q34and Q35may be each independently selected from a C6-C60aryl group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, in Formula 2, R21and R22may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —N(Q34)(Q35).

Q34and Q35may be each independently selected from a C6-C60aryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2, R21and R22may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-49, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 6-1 to 6-49,

Ph is a phenyl group; and

* is a binding site with an adjacent atom.

In Formula 2, n21, which indicates the number of moieties represented by

(where * is a binding site with Ar21), may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. When n21 is 2 or greater, the plurality of moieties represented by

may be the same or different. For example, in Formula 2, n21 may be selected from 1 and 2, but it is not limited thereto.

For example, the first material may be represented by Formula 1-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 1-1,

L11, L12, a11, a12, R11, R12, R14, R18, b11, and b12 may be defined the same as those defined in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, the first material may be represented by Formula 1-11, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 1-11,

L11, L12, R11, R12, R14, and R18may be defined the same as defined in Formula 1; and

a11 and a12 may be each independently selected from 0 and 1.

For example, the second material may be represented by one of Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2,

Ar21, L21to L23, a21 to a23, R21, and R22may be defined the same as defined in Formula 2;

L25to L27may be each independently defined the same as L21in Formula 2;

a25 to a27 may be each independently defined the same as a21 in Formula 2; and

R23and R24may be each independently defined the same as R21in Formula 2.

In some other embodiments, when the second material is represented by one of Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, R21to R24may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —N(Q34)(Q35).

Q34and Q35may be each independently selected from a C6-C60aryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, the first material may be selected from the following compounds, but it is not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, the second material may be selected from the following compounds, but it is not limited thereto.

A volume ratio of the first material to the second material may be in a range of about 96:1 to about 77:20. For example, a volume ratio of the first material to the second material may be in a range of about 94:3 to about 87:10, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one embodiment, when the volume ratio is within these ranges, carriers are effectively or suitably captured so that an organic light-emitting device with improved efficiency and long lifespan may be provided.

The dopant may include a third material represented by Formula 8. The second material and the third material may be different from each other.

In Formula 8, Ar81may be selected from a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arene, a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, and a mono, di, or tri-valent substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60alkene, the valency of the C6-C60arene, the non-aromatic condensed polycycle, the non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, and the C2-C60alkene corresponding to (e.g., having the same value as) the value of n81 (e.g., Ar81may be selected from an n81-valent substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arene, an n81-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, an n81-valent substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, and an n81-valent substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60alkene).

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60arene, the substituted non-aromatic condensed polycycle, the substituted non-aromatic condensed heteropolycycle, and the substituted C2-C60alkene may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 8, Ar81may be selected from:

Q31to Q33may be each independently selected from a C1-C60alkyl group and a C6-C60aryl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Q31to Q33may be each independently selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, and a phenyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In still other embodiments, Ar81may be selected from:

In Formula 8, L81to L83may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60arylene group and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroarylene group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60arylene group and the substituted C1-C60heteroarylene group may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 8, L81to L83may be each independently selected from:

In some embodiments, in Formula 8, L81to L83may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group and a naphthylene group; and

a phenylene group, and a naphthylene group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C1-C20alkyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 8, L81to L83may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-15, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-15,

b31 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;

b32 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; and

* and *′ may be binding sites with an adjacent atom.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 8, L81to L83may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-11, but are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-11, * and *′ may be binding sites with an adjacent atom.

In Formula 8, a81, which indicates the number of L81s, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a81 is 0, (L81)a81indicates a single bond. When a81 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L81s may be the same or different.

In Formula 8, a82, which indicates the number of L82S, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a82 is 0, (L82)a82indicates a single bond. When a82 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L82S may be the same or different.

In Formula 8, a83, which indicates the number of L83S, may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a83 is 0, (L83)a83indicates a single bond. When a83 is 2 or greater, the plurality of L83S may be the same or different.

For example, in Formula 8, a81 to a83 may be each independently selected from 0 and 1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 8, R81and R82may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C6-C60aryl group, the substituted C1-C60heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

For example, in Formula 8, R81and R82may be each independently selected from:

Q31to Q33may be each independently selected from a C1-C20alkyl group, a C6-C60aryl group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 8, R81and R82may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20alkyl group, a C1-C20alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33).

Q31to Q33may be each independently selected from a C1-C20alkyl group and a C6-C60aryl group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In still other embodiments, in Formula 8, R81and R82may be each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-21, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 7-1 to 7-21,

Ph is a phenyl group; and

* is a binding site with an adjacent atom.

In Formula 8, n81, which indicates the number of moieties represented by

(where * is a binding site with Ar81in Formula 8), may be selected from 1, 2, and 3. When n81 is 2 or greater, the plurality of moieties represented by

may be the same or different. For example, in Formula 8, n81 may be 2, but it is not limited thereto.

For example, the third material may be represented by Formula 8-1, but the third material is not limited thereto.

In Formula 8-1,

Ar81, L81to L83, a81 to a83, R81, and R82may be the same as defined above with respect to Formula 8;

L85to L87may be each independently defined the same as L81in Formula 8;

a85 to a87 may be each independently defined the same as a81 in Formula 8; and

R83and R84may be each independently defined the same as R81in Formula 8.

In some other embodiments, the third material may be represented by one of Formulae 8-11 and 8-12, but it is not limited thereto.

In Formulae 8-11 and 8-12,

Ar81, L81to L83, a81 to a83, R81, and R82may be the same as defined above with respect to Formula 8;

L85to L87may be each independently defined the same as L81in Formula 8;

a85 to a87 may be each independently defined the same as a81 in Formula 8; and

R83and R84may be each independently defined the same as R81in Formula 8.

In still other embodiments, the third material may be selected from the following compounds, but it is not limited thereto.

The third material may be a fluorescent dopant. The fluorescent dopant may have a maximum emission wavelength of about 400 nm to about 550 nm. The fluorescent dopant may emit green or blue light.

The amount of the dopant in the EML may be in a range of about 0.01 parts to about 15 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the total volume of the host (i.e., the total volume of the first material and the second material), but the amount of the dopant is not limited thereto.

The first material may improve the efficiency of an organic light-emitting device. The second material may have high hole transport ability, and thus may facilitate the transport of holes in the EML and confine electrons thereto. Therefore, an organic light-emitting device including both the first material and the second material may have an improved carrier balance in the EML, and thus may have improved efficiency and improved lifetime.

When an organic light-emitting device includes the third material, it may emit green or blue light.

A thickness of the EML may be about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, and in some embodiments, may be from about 200 Å to about 600 Å. In one embodiment, when the thickness of the EML is within these ranges, the EML has good light emitting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include at least one of a buffer layer (BL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure including an ETL/EIL or a BL/ETL/EIL. The layers forming the structure of the electron transport region may be sequentially stacked on the EML in the stated order. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region may include a BL. The BL may effectively or suitably confine excitons to the EML when the EML includes a fluorescent dopant, and thus may improve the efficiency of the organic light-emitting device.

When the electron transport region includes a BL, the BL may be formed on the EML by utilizing any of a variety of suitable methods, for example, by utilizing vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like. When the BL is formed utilizing vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions for forming the BL may be similar to the above-described deposition and coating conditions for forming the HIL, and accordingly will not be described in more detail here.

For example, the BL may include one of Compounds E1 to E8.

For example, the BL may include a compound having a triplet energy level greater than 2.2 eV and electron transport ability.

A thickness of the BL may be from about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, from about 30 Å to about 300 Å. In one embodiment, when the thickness of the BL is within these ranges, the BL effectively or suitably confines excitons to the EML, and thus the organic light-emitting device may have improved efficiency.

The electron transport region may include an ETL. The ETL may be formed on the EML or the BL by utilizing any of a variety of suitable methods, for example, by utilizing vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like. When the ETL is formed utilizing vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions for forming the ETL may be similar to the above-described deposition and coating conditions for forming the HIL, and accordingly will not be described in more detail here.

For example, the ETL may further include at least one of BCP, BPhen, Alq3, Balq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

In some embodiments, the ETL may include at least one of the compounds represented by Formula 601.
Ar601-[(L601)xe1-E601]xe2Formula 601

In Formula 601,

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60alkyl group, a C2-C60alkenyl group, a C2-C60alkynyl group, a C1-C60alkoxy group, a C3-C10cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60aryl group, a C6-C60aryloxy group, a C6-C60arylthio group, a C1-C60heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q301)(Q302)(Q303), wherein Q301to Q303may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C1-C60alkyl group, a C2-C60alkenyl group, a C6-C60aryl group, and a C1-C60heteroaryl group;

L601may be defined the same as L201described above;

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In some other embodiments, the ETL may include at least one of the compounds represented by Formula 602.

In Formula 602,

X611may be N or C-(L611)xe611-R611, X612may be N or C-(L612)xe612-R612, X613may be N or C-(L613)xe613-R613, at least one of X611to X613may be N;

L611to L616may be defined the same as L201described above;

R611to R616may be each independently selected from:

xe611 to xe616 may be each independently selected from, 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound of Formula 601 and the compound of Formula 602 may each independently include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET15.

A thickness of the ETL may be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. In one embodiment, when the thickness of the ETL is within these ranges, the ETL has satisfactory or suitable electron transporting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In some embodiments, the ETL may further include a metal-containing material, in addition to the above-described materials.

The metal-containing material may include a lithium (Li) complex. Non-limiting examples of the Li complex are compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate (LiQ)), and compound ET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an EIL that may facilitate injection of electrons from the second electrode190.

The EIL may be formed on the ETL by utilizing any of a variety of suitable methods, for example, by utilizing vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, laser induced thermal imaging (LITI), or the like. When the EIL is formed utilizing vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions for forming the EIL may be similar to the above-described deposition and coating conditions for forming the HIL, and accordingly will not be described in more detail here.

The EIL may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li2O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the EIL may be from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and in some embodiments, from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. In one embodiment, when the thickness of the EIL is within these ranges, the EIL has satisfactory or suitable electron injection ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode190may be disposed on the electron transport region, as described above. The second electrode190may be a cathode as an electron injecting electrode. A material for forming the second electrode190may be a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, which have a low-work function, or a mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable materials for forming the second electrode190are lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In some embodiments, a material for forming the second electrode190may be ITO or IZO. The second electrode190may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode.

The organic light-emitting devices according to the above-described embodiments may be utilized in a flat-panel display device including a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor may include a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate insulating layer, and an active layer. One of the source and drain electrodes may be electrically coupled (e.g., electrically connected) to the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device. The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, or the like. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

As used herein, the term “a C1-C60alkyl group” refers to a linear or branched monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “a C1-C60alkylene group” refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C1-C60alkyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C1-C60alkoxy group” refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA101(where A101is a C1-C60alkyl group, as described above). Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60alkoxy group are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

As used herein, the term “a C2-C60alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon double bond in the main chain (e.g., the middle) or terminal position of the C2-C60alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of the C2-C60alkenyl group are an ethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “a C2-C60alkylene group” refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C2-C60alkenyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C2-C60alkynyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon triple bond in the main chain (e.g., the middle) or terminal position of the C2-C60alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of the C2-C60alkynyl group are an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “a C2-C60alkynylene group” used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C2-C60alkynyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C3-C10cycloalkyl group” refers to a monovalent, monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C3-C10cycloalkyl group are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “a C3-C10cycloalkylene group” refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C3-C10cycloalkyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C1-C10heterocycloalkyl group” refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S is included as a ring-forming atom. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C10heterocycloalkyl group are a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “a C1-C10heterocycloalkylene group” refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C1-C10heterocycloalkyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C3-C10cycloalkenyl group” refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms that includes at least one double bond in the ring but does not have aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the C3-C10cycloalkenyl group are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “a C3-C10cycloalkenylene group” refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C3-C10cycloalkenyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group” refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that includes at least one double bond in the ring and in which at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S is included as a ring-forming atom. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. The term “a C1-C10heterocycloalkenylene group” used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C1-C10heterocycloalkenyl group.

As used herein, the term “a C6-C60aryl group” refers to a monovalent, aromatic carbocyclic aromatic group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “a C6-C60arylene group” refers to a divalent, aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C6-C60aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C6-C60aryl group, and the C6-C60arylene group include at least two rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

As used herein, the term “a C1-C60heteroaryl group” refers to a monovalent, aromatic carbocyclic aromatic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms in which at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S is included as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “a C1-C60heteroarylene group” refers to a divalent, aromatic carbocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms in which at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S is included as a ring-forming atom. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C1-C60heteroaryl and the C1-C60heteroarylene include at least two rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

As used herein, the term “a C6-C60aryloxy group” refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA102(where A102is a C6-C60aryl group, as described above), and the term “a C6-C60arylthio group” refers to a monovalent group represented by -SA103(where A103is a C6-C60aryl group, as described above).

As used herein, the term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” refers to a monovalent group that includes at least two rings condensed to each other and includes only carbon atoms (for example, 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms and that represents non-aromaticity as a whole. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. As used herein, the term “a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” refers to a divalent group with substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

As used herein, the term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” refers to a monovalent group that includes at least two rings condensed to each other and include carbons (for example, 1 to 60 carbon atoms) and hetero atoms selected from N, O, P and S as ring-forming atoms and that represents non-aromaticity as a whole. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. As used herein, the term “a divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” refers to a divalent group with substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The acronym “Ph” used herein refers to a phenyl group, the acronym “Me” used herein refers to methyl, the acronym “Et” used herein refers to ethyl, and the acronym “ter-Bu” or “But” used herein refers to a tert-butyl.

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, these examples are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

EXAMPLES

To manufacture an anode, a 15 Ω/cm2ITO glass substrate (having a thickness of 1200 Å, available from Corning) was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated in isopropyl alcohol for about 10 minutes and pure water for about 10 minutes, and then cleaned by irradiation of ultraviolet rays for about 30 minutes and exposure to ozone. The resulting glass substrate was mounted into a vacuum deposition device.

After HT13 was deposited on the ITO anode of the glass substrate to form an HIL having a thickness of 500 Å, HT3 was deposited to form an HTL having a thickness of about 450 Å, and then Compounds H-la (first material), H-1b (second material), and D-1 (third material) were co-deposited in a volume ratio of about 94:3:3 to form an EML having a thickness of about 300 Å.

After Compound E1 was deposited on the EML to form a buffer layer having a thickness of about 100 Å, Bphen and Liq were co-deposited in a volume ratio of about 50:50 on the buffer layer to form an ETL having a thickness of about 150 Å, and then LiF was deposited on the ETL to form an EIL having a thickness of about 5 Å. Subsequently, Al was vacuum-deposited on the EIL to form a cathode having a thickness of about 1500 Å, thereby complete the manufacturing of an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 1-2 to 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the ratios of the first material to the second material that were utilized to form the EML were varied as shown in Table 1.

To manufacture an anode, a 15 Ω/cm2ITO glass substrate (having a thickness of 1200 Å, available from Corning) was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated in isopropyl alcohol for about 10 minutes and pure water for about 10 minutes, and then cleaned by irradiation of ultraviolet rays for about 30 minutes and exposure to ozone. The resulting glass substrate was mounted into a vacuum deposition device.

After HT13 was deposited on the ITO anode of the glass substrate to form an HIL having a thickness of 500 Å, HT3 was deposited to form an HTL having a thickness of about 450 Å, and then Compounds H-la (first material), H-1b (second material), and D-1 (third material) were co-deposited in a volume ratio of about 92:3:5 to form an EML having a thickness of about 300 Å.

After Compound E1 was deposited on the EML to form a buffer layer having a thickness of about 100 Å, Bphen and Liq were co-deposited in a volume ratio of about 50:50 on the buffer layer to form an ETL having a thickness of about 150 Å, and then LiF was deposited on the ETL to form an EIL having a thickness of about 5 Å. Subsequently, Al was vacuum-deposited on the EIL to form a cathode having a thickness of about 1500 Å, thereby complete the manufacturing of an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 2-2 to 2-31 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the first material and the second material that were utilized to form the EML were varied as shown in Table 2.

Examples 3-1 to 3-20 and Comparative Example 3-1 to 3-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the first material, the second material, and the third material that were utilized to form the EML were varied as shown in Table 3.

Evaluation Example 1

Efficiencies and lifetimes as T90of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1-1 to 1-6, Examples 2-1 to 2-31, Examples 3-1 to 3-20, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5, Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5, and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-5 were evaluated utilizing an IVL measurement device (PhotoResearch PR650, Keithley 238). The results are shown in Tables 4 to 6. T90(at a current density of 50 mA/cm2) refers to the time taken until a measured initial luminance (assumed as 100%) is reduced to 90% after operation.

Referring to Table 4, the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1-1 to 1-6 were found to have improved efficiencies and improved lifetime characteristics, compared to the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-5.

Referring to Table 5, the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 2-1 to 2-31 were found to have improved efficiencies and improved lifetime characteristics, compared to the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5.

Referring to Table 6, the organic light-emitting devices of Example 3-1 to 3-20 were found to have improved efficiencies and improved lifetime characteristics, compared to the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-5.

As described above, according to the one or more of the above embodiments of the present disclosure, an organic light-emitting device with an emission layer that includes a first material of Formula 1, a second material of Formula 2, and a third material of Formula 8 may have improved efficiency and improved lifetime characteristics.

While one or more embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to the FIGURE, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims, and equivalents thereof.