Liquid crystal display panel and a process for the production thereof

A liquid crystal display panel assembly having a first plastic substrate with an electrode pattern thereon and at least two second plastic substrates each of a predetermined length, and also each bearing an electrode pattern. A sealant is provided for sealing a liquid crystal between the first and second substrates. Alignment apertures or peripheral recesses may be provided in both substrates for alignment thereof. The liquid crystal display panel assembly is made by forming an electrode pattern on at least one surface of the first plastic film substrate to define the first substrate. The second plastic film substrates are cut to a predetermined length from a second plastic film bearing an electrode pattern.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is generally directed to liquid crystal display 
panels and, in particular, to a liquid crystal display panel made of a 
pair of plastic substrates and a process for their production. Heretofore, 
misalignment of the substrates during assembly, due to the expansion or 
shrinkage of the plastics caused by heat or moisture, has been a problem. 
There is a need for providing a liquid crystal display panel using 
flexible plastic substrates which aligns properly for assembly in spite of 
heat and moisture, which tend to distort the plastic substrates. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Generally speaking, in accordance with the instant invention, a liquid 
crystal display panel having flexible plastic substrates which are not 
misaligned and a process for the production thereof is provided. The 
liquid crystal display panel includes a first flexible plastic film 
substrate, with an electrode pattern formed thereon. In addition, the 
first substrate has alignment holes or recessed kerfs. The first substrate 
is longer than the liquid crystal display panel will be. The liquid 
crystal display panel also includes a second flexible plastic film 
substrate of a predetermined length. A sealant, which may be supported on 
the periphery of the second substrate, may be provided for sealing the 
liquid crystal between the first and second substrates. A liquid crystal 
display panel is formed by the first and second substrates and sealant 
when a liquid crystal is contained therebetween. 
A process for the production of a liquid crystal display panel, including 
at least two flexible plastic substrates in accordance with the present 
invention is provided. A transparent electrode is formed on at least one 
surface of the first flexible plastic substrate, which is longer than the 
liquid crystal display panel. A second plastic film is cut to a 
predetermined length. The first and second plastic films are then 
assembled into a liquid crystal display panel. 
Accordingly, it is an object of the instant invention to provide an 
improved liquid crystal display panel. 
Another object of the instant invention is to provide a liquid crystal 
display panel in which the substrates are not misaligned. 
A further object of the instant invention is to provide a liquid crystal 
display panel having alignment holes for greater accuracy in assembly. 
Yet another object of the instant invention is to provide a process for the 
production of a liquid crystal display panel which prevents misalignment 
of substrates under varied temperature and humidity conditions. 
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious 
and will in part be apparent from the specification. 
The invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of 
one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the 
apparatus embodying features of construction, combinations of elements and 
arrangement of parts which are adapted to effect such steps, all as 
exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the 
invention will be indicated in the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Reference is first made to FIG. 1, wherein a first embodiment of a liquid 
crystal display panel in accordance with the present invention is 
depicted. A first substrate 1 is made of flexible plastic film formed with 
a predetermined transparent electrode pattern 5 on one surface thereof. 
Substrate 1 is in the form of a continuous film which may come in a roll. 
A second flexible plastic substrate 2 may also come in a roll. A 
transparent electrode pattern 6 is formed on one surface of substrate 2. A 
sealing agent 3 is printed on substrate 2. Substrate 2 is then cut into 
segments of a predetermined length prior to assembly. Substrates 1 and 2 
have aligning holes 11 and 21 respectively in their surfaces for assembly 
purposes. An assembly jig 4, having pegs 41 is used to assemble the liquid 
crystal display panels. A display panel is formed by placing substrate 2 
onto assembly jig 4 with the transparent electrode pattern facing up so 
that aligning holes 21 fit onto pegs 41 of assembly jig 4. Then substrate 
1 is placed on top of substrate 2 and assembly jig 4 with the transparent 
electrode pattern facing down so that aligning holes 11 fit around pegs 
41. A panel is formed by the joining of the substrates by sealing agent 3. 
A liquid crystal 7 is then injected into the assembled panel and the panel 
is cut to a predetermined shape by pressing or shearing. 
Reference is next made to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, wherein alternate embodiments 
of the liquid crystal display panel in accordance with the present 
invention are depicted. Although holes 11 and 21 are shown along both 
edges of substrates 1 and 2, holes along only one edge are sufficient. 
Holes 11 and 21 can be replaced by recessed kerfs formed at each edge of 
the substrate. It is also possible that only continuous substrate 1 has 
holes or recessed kerfs. In addition, the holes can be in the center 
portions of substrates 1 and 2, rather than at the edges. The holes and 
kerfs can be any shape, so long as pegs 41 are a complementary shape 
adapted to securely position substrates 1 and 2 for assembly. 
Specifically, in FIG. 2, square holes 11 and 21 are provided in the 
substrates. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, each segment of substrate 2 
defines six liquid crystal display panels. In FIG. 3 both holes 11 and 21 
and recesses 110 and 210 are provided. In FIG. 4, only recesses 110 and 
210 are provided to insure alignment of its substrates. 
A process for producing liquid crystal display panels in accordance with 
the present invention is provided. The process is applicable to the 
formation of liquid crystal display panels from continuously produced 
substrates 1 and 2 upon which transparent electrodes have been formed by 
evaporation, sputtering or other method, and on which predetermined 
electrode patterns 5 and 6 have been formed by etching. Substrates 1 and 2 
may be coated with an orientation agent, and rubbed with gauze after 
electrode patterns 5 and 6 have been formed. 
Sealing agent 3 may be provided on either of substrates 1 and 2. Sealing 
agent 3 contains glass fibers or particles or the like so as to maintain a 
uniform cell thickness for the liquid crystal display panel. Sealing agent 
3 includes materials for maintaining spacing between said first and second 
substrates. Sealing agent 3 would be added after rubbing of the 
orientation agent on substrates 1 and 2. A gap control agent, which may be 
glass fibers or particles may be scattered or coated on substrates 1 and 2 
to further increase the uniformity of the display panel thickness. 
Display panel 2 is cut so that its dimensions take into account and make up 
the expansion or shrinkage of the plastic materials, which deformation is 
caused by heat or moisture conditions. 
Substrates 1 and 2 can be formed from synthetic resins including polyester, 
cellulose, polyethersulfone system, polysulfone, acrylic resin, phenoxy 
system resin, a film of any such resin, or a plurality of layers of any 
such resin or film. Substrates 1 and 2 may be polarized or made reflective 
by, for example, evaporation, sputtering, or bonding. Substrates 1 and 2 
may have a thickness of about 0.025 to about 1.5 mm. A thin liquid crystal 
display panel may be formed from a substrate thickness of about 0.025 to 
about 1 mm. A substrate having a thickness of about 0.05 to about 0.2 mm 
is readily manufactured. 
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to 
several examples thereof. 
EXAMPLE 1 
A plurality of 2 mm square holes were formed on bases 1 and 2 by pressing 
along both edges of polyethersulfone film 100 .mu.m thick and 200 mm wide. 
A transparent indium oxide conductive film 300 .ANG. thick was formed by 
ion sputtering. Predetermined electrode patterns 5 and 6 were formed on 
bases 1 and 2 by photolithography. An orientation agent, consisting 
essentially of polyimide was applied in a layer 20-30 .mu.m thick to bases 
1 and 2. The orientation agents were then rubbed with gauze to create an 
orientation effect. Sealing agent 3 was printed on substrate 1, and a gap 
control agent composed of glass fiber fragments was scattered on substrate 
1. Substrate 2 was cut into short 30 cm long sections. The cut sections of 
substrate 2 were laid over substrate 1 and sealing agent 3 was cured at a 
high temperature. The sealing agent used was silicone system adhesive. 
Combined substrates 1 and 2 were pressed into a predetermined shape, and 
liquid crystal 7 was introduced therebetween by vacuum injection. The 
injection inlet was then closed by a silicone system adhesive. 
The liquid crystal display panel could then be accurately assembled with 
only a dimensional deviation of about 0.2-0.25 mm between substrates 1 and 
2 in each 30 cm long assembled unit. This dimensional deviation is 
negligible where a plurality of liquid crystal display patterns are formed 
from each 30 cm unit. Even larger liquid crystal display panel patterns 
can be formed with only negligible dimensional allowances and without 
causing any assembly problems. 
EXAMPLE 2 
The procedures of Example 1 were repeated, except that a polyester film 40 
cm wide was used for substrates 1 and 2. Substrate 2 was cut into 50 cm 
length sections. A liquid crystal display panel could be accurately 
assembly with only a dimensional deviation of about 0.08-0.09 mm within 
each 50 cm long assembled unit. This is due to the characteristics of the 
polyester film which has a thermal expansion coefficient of about 
2.5.times.10.sup.-5 /deg. and a wet expansion coefficient of about 
0.2-0.3.times.10.sup.-5 /%RH. 
EXAMPLE 3 
The procedures of Example 1 were repeated, except that a phenoxy resin film 
was used. Substrate 2 was cut into 70 cm long sections. The film had a 
width of about 60 cm and a thickness of 0.03 mm. The film had the same 
thermal and wet expansion coefficients as in Example 2. A liquid crystal 
panel could be accurately assembled with only a dimensional deviation of 
about 0.10-0.13 mm within each 70 cm long assembly unit. This deviation 
did not present any assembly problems. 
EXAMPLE 4 
The procedures of Example 1 were repeated, except that a polyester film 50 
cm wide was used. Substrate 2 was cut into 40 cm long sections. A liquid 
crystal display panel could be accurately assembled with only a transverse 
dimensional deviation of about 0.08-0.09 mm amnd a smaller longitudinal 
deviation between substrates 1 and 2 within each 40 cm long unit. 
COMATIVE EXAMPLE 1 
A pair of substrates of polyethersulfone film were assembled in their 
original uncut form. Substrates 1 and 2 were formed with holes at a 
temperature of 20.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 40% as well as at 
a temperature of 25.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 60%. They were 
then assembled under the same conditions. A dimensional deviation of about 
6 to 9 mm was found for each 10 m, since polyethersulfone film has a 
thermal expansion coefficient of about 5.times.10.sup.-5 /deg. and a wet 
expansion coefficient of about 2 to 3.times.10.sup.-5 /%RH. 
COMATIVE EXAMPLE 2 
The procedures of Comparative Example 1 were repeated. The holes were 
formed with an accuracy of .+-.0.01%. 
COMATIVE EXAMPLE 3 
The procedures of Comparative Example 1 were repeated, except that a 
polyester film was used for substrates 1 and 2. A dimensional deviation of 
about 1-2 mm was found for each 10 m since the polyester film has a 
thermal expansion coefficient of about 2.5.times.10.sup.-5 /deg. and a wet 
expansion coefficient of about 0.2-0.3.times.10.sup.-5 /%RH. 
As is obvious from the foregoing, this invention enables the more accurate 
assembly of a liquid crystal display panel without any displacement, 
wrinkle or sagging when substrates 1 and 2 are combined, even if there is 
some additional positional deviation between holes 11 and 21 in substrates 
1 and 2. The use of a flexible plastic film as a substrate permits 
continuous production of liquid crystal display panels which has been 
impossible with conventional glass substrates. It is also possible, by 
cutting substrate 2 into short sections, to manufacture liquid crystal 
display panels without any misalignment between substrates 1 and 2. The 
above described process also improves the efficiency and yield in the 
continuous production of a plastic liquid crystal display panel. 
Because substrates 1 and 2 are formed from a flexible material, the panel 
can be bent to provide a wider range of applications. In addition, the 
substrates can be made very thin, thereby providing a small and light 
liquid crystal display panel with superior optical characteristics. 
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those made 
apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained and, 
since certain changes may be made in carrying out the above method and in 
the constructions set forth without departing from the spirit and scope of 
the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above 
description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as 
illustrative and not in a limiting sense. 
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover 
all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described 
and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of 
language, might be said to fall therebetween.