Electronic controlled heat cooking apparatus

A microwave oven is controlled to cause a magnetron to oscillate for a set timer time period. The timer time period is set by a device for entering a timer time period. The device comprises a displaceable operation knob provided and a code signal generator for generating a Gray code signal in association with the displaced amount of the operation knob. The generated code signal is converted into a binary coded decimal signal and is further converted into a time period signal, whereupon the same is stored as a timer time period. The magnetron is controlled to oscillate for an oscillation time period responsive to the timer time period as stored, while the set timer time period is down counted for each second in accordance with the lapse of the oscillation time period of the magnetron. The left time period obtained as a result of such down count is displayed by the digital display.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to an electronic controlled heat cooking 
apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to an 
electronic controlled heat cooking apparatus such as a microwave oven 
which is capable of a timer operation mode. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
Of late a microprocessor has been utilized in a heat cooking apparatus such 
as a microwave oven, in the light of the advantage that a variety of 
cooking modes can be performed with a relatively simple structure. In case 
of such an electronic controlled heat cooking apparatus employing a 
microprocessor, it is necessary to enter information for control to the 
microprocessor. It has been common that entry means of the so-called 
ten-key type has been employed as such information entry means. 
Accordingly, even in entering a timer time period for the purpose of a 
timer operation mode, for example, the ten-key type entry means had to be 
operated; however, it was not easy to operate such entry means for setting 
the above described timer time period to an operator not familiar with an 
arrangement of keys in the ten-key type entry means. 
Although a conventional cooking apparatus is structured to display by a 
display means at the beginning the timer time period entered by the above 
described cooking input operation, the display means was merely adapted to 
indicate only the left time period after once a heating operation is 
initiated. Accordingly, it was impossible to confirm the timer time period 
originally entered after the heat operation is completed, even when it is 
desired to confirm such timer time period. 
Furthermore, according to the conventional apparatus, it was impossible to 
change the timer time period once set, after the above described heat 
operation is started. Even if such change is feasible in the conventional 
apparatus, complicated and tiresome key operations were required, which 
makes it impossible to quickly change the set timer time period as 
necessary. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Briefly described, the present invention comprises an entry apparatus for 
entering a timer time period, which comprises an operation knob provided 
to be displaceable from the origin position over a predetermined range, 
and a code signal generator responsive to a displaced amount of the 
operation knob from the origin position for generating a code signal. The 
code signal is set or stored as a timer time period after code conversion 
as necessary. Accordingly, a heating energy generating means such as a 
magnetron is controlled to perform a heat operation only for the set timer 
time period. 
According to the present invention, even in case of an electronic 
controlled heat cooking apparatus employing a microprocessor, it is not 
necessary to employ entry means of such as the ten-key type required 
conventionally as a timer time period entry means and as a result a manual 
operation for setting a timer time period becomes extremely simple. 
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation knob is 
structured such that even after a displacing operation of the knob is 
terminated or released the knob remains at the set position and each time 
the knob is displaced a new timer time period is set. Therefore, according 
to the above described preferred embodiment of the present invention, when 
it is intended to confirm the timer time period originally set after the 
heat cooking operation is completed, such confirmation can be made with 
ease through a look at the position of the knob. 
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the set 
timer time period is subtracted responsive to the lapse of the operation 
time period of the heating energy generating means, with the result that a 
left time period is evaluated from time to time. Such left time period is 
displayed by a display. Such display is adapted to display the current 
time in a standby state of the cooking apparatus and is switched to 
display automatically the set time period or the left time period when the 
timer operation knob is displaced. Accordingly, the above described 
preferred embodiment of the present invention eliminates necessity of any 
particular function key for switching the display from the current time to 
the timer time period (or the left time period), which was required in the 
conventional electronic controlled heat cooking apparatus of this type, 
with the result that convenience of operation is much enhanced. 
According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 
displacement range of the timer operation knob is sectioned in at least 
two sections. In setting a timer time period, the weight of the time 
amount for unit displacement amount is processed differently depending on 
which one of the above described two sections the timer operation knob is 
positioned. Therefore, according to the above described preferred 
embodiment of the present invention, both the time setting in a fine 
manner for a relatively short time period and the time setting in a rough 
manner for a longer time period can be made by means of one operation 
apparatus. Therefore, according to the embodiment in discussion, a short 
time period timer and a long period timer can be implemented with single 
means without degrading convenience of operation and with a simple 
structure. 
According to still a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, 
an electronic controlled heat cooking apparatus such as a microwave oven 
comprises a cooking chamber, which is provided with a door in an 
openable/closable manner. When the door is in an opened state, setting of 
a new timer time period is prohibited, even when the operation knob is 
displaced to a new position. Therefore, according to the preferred 
embodiment, even if the door is opened in the course of a heat operation 
and the operation knob is displaced due to a shock of the opening or for 
some reason, such displacement of the knob is disregarded. Therefore, 
according to the embodiment, even when the operation knob is undesirably 
displaced due to entry in or removal from the cooking chamber of a 
material being cooked while the door is opened or due to shock of the 
closing of the door thereafter, the set timer time period is prevented 
from being influenced, with the result that erroneous setting of a timer 
time period can be effectively prevented. 
Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide an 
electronic controlled heat cooking apparatus, wherein a timer time period 
can be set with a simple operation in an electronic manner. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic 
controlled heat cooking apparatus, wherein a long time timer and a short 
time timer can be implemented with one means, whereby an entry operation 
can be made with ease and with a simple structure. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide an electronic 
controlled heat cooking apparatus, wherein a display of the current time 
and a set timer time period can be made with one display means, without 
necessity of excessive keys and hence excessive key operation. 
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an electronic 
controlled heat cooking apparatus, wherein an undesired change of the 
timer time period can be effectively prevented. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic 
controlled heat cooking apparatus, wherein the timer time period as 
originally set can be confirmed with ease during a heat operation and even 
after the heat operation is completed. 
These objects and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the 
present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed 
description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the 
accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the 
present invention, the present invention will be described as 
advantageously employed in a microwave oven. However, it should be pointed 
out that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments but the 
present invention can be employed in any other types of heat cooking 
apparatuses for cooking a material being cooked by application of heat 
thereto, such as a gas oven, an electric oven, an electric grill, an 
electric roaster and the like. 
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a microwave oven embodying the present 
invention. A microwave oven 10 has a main body comprising a cooking 
chamber 12 and a control panel 13. The main body of the microwave oven has 
a door 14 openably/closably provided to enclose an opening of the cooking 
chamber 12. The control panel 13 comprises an operation portion 16 for 
setting various cooking modes and for entering necessary data, and a 
display 15 for displaying in a digital manner the entered data, a measured 
temperature, a time period left in a timer, and the like. The display 
portion 15 and the operation portion 16 will be described in more detail 
subsequently. The door 14 is provided with a door latch 17 and a door 
switch knob 18 on the inner surface thereof. The door latch 17 and the 
door switch knob 18 are adapted to enter into apertures 17a and 18a, 
respectively, formed on the main body, when the door 14 is closed, so that 
an interlock switch and a door switch, respectively, shown in FIG. 6, may 
be turned on. 
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present 
invention. A microwave generating portion 101 is coupled to terminals 109 
and 111 of a commercial power supply through an interlock switch 113 and a 
bidirectional thyristor 107. The microwave generating portion 101 is 
structured in a well known manner and may comprise a high voltage 
transformer 103 for transforming a source voltage obtained from the 
terminals 109 and 111, a magnetron 105 coupled to the output winding of 
the high voltage transformer 103, and the like. The interlock switch 113 
is adapted to be turned on by means of the door latches 17 and 17a, shown 
in FIG. 1. The bidirectional thyristor 107 is rendered conductive if and 
when the output voltage of a photocoupler 117 is applied to the gate 
electrode 119 thereof. Accordingly, if and when the door 14 shown in FIG. 
1 is closed and the output voltage is obtained from the photocoupler 117, 
an alternating source voltage obtained from the terminals 109 and 111 is 
applied to the microwave generating portion 101 and accordingly a 
microwave is generated from the microwave generating portion 101, which 
microwave energy is supplied to the cooking chamber 12 shown in FIG. 1. 
The photocoupler 117 becomes operative if and when a first and second 
transistors 129 and 131 are both rendered conductive, whereby an output 
voltage is withdrawn. 
The gate electrode 119 of the bidirectional thyristor 107 is coupled to the 
voltage source terminal 111 through a normally closed contact 123 of a 
relay 121. Accordingly, the thyristor 107 is normally short-circuited and 
therefore the gate electrode 119 is prevented from being undesirably 
supplied with a voltage due to an external noise and the like and hence 
the bidirectional thyristor 107 is prevented from being undesirably 
rendered conductive. The relay 121 is energized when the first transistor 
129 is rendered conductive, a normally opened contact 125 of the relay 121 
being connected to a blower motor 127. The blower motor 127 is adapted for 
driving a fan, not shown, for cooling the magnetron 105 and the like. The 
voltage source terminals 109 and 111 are further connected to a control 
voltage source 133. The control voltage source 133 comprises a transformer 
135 for transforming the voltage supplied from the terminals 109 and 111 
to a lower voltage for supplying direct current source voltages V.sub.C 
and -VD fed to various portions of the circuit, a voltage Vf fed to a 
display 15 and a time base signal TB. 
The embodiment shown employs a one-chip microprocessor implemented as a 
large scale integration for controlling the above described microwave 
generating portion 101 and the like. The microprocessor 201 may be model 
".mu.PD553" manufactured by Nippon Electric Company Limited, Japan, for 
example. Such microprocessor 201 has a multiplicity of input and output 
terminals. Connection terminals OSC1 and OSC2 are used for connecting an 
external component 203 constituting a portion of a clock source. The 
external component 203 is cooperative with the microprocessor 201 to 
generate a synchronizing clock, so that the microprocessor 201 may execute 
the program steps in synchronism with the clock. Although not shown in the 
figure, the microprocessor 201 comprises a read only memory having system 
programs to be described subsequently, a random access memory for storing 
data, an arithmetic logic unit and the like, as well known to those 
skilled in the art. 
The microprocessor 201 is coupled to the display 15 through data output 
terminals ODS1 to ODS7. The display 15 is further supplied with a display 
control signal through control signal output terminals ODG1 to ODG5. The 
display control signal functions as a digit selecting signal for driving 
in a time sharing basis each of a number of display digits to be described 
subsequently of the display 15. The control signal terminals ODG1 to ODG5 
are coupled to column lines of a key matrix 221. The key matrix 221 
comprises four row lines connected to key input terminals IK1, IK2, IK3 
and IK4 of the microprocessor 201. The above described column lines and 
row lines constitute a matrix, such that an intersection of each column 
line and each row line is provided with a key switch of the operation 
portion 16 (see FIG. 3). The operation portion 16 comprises five function 
keys, as shown in FIG. 3. The function keys comprise those keys denoted as 
CLOCK FAST, CLOCK SLOW, START, DEFROST, and CLEAR. The CLOCK FAST key and 
the CLOCK SLOW key are used for setting a time period. The DEFROST key is 
used for setting a defrost operation. The CLEAR key is used for clearing 
the set command information. The START key is used for commanding 
initiation of microwave generation by the magnetron 105. Each of these 
keys may be implemented by a typical contact type depression button 
switch. The input from the key matrix 221 coupled to these keys is applied 
to the key input terminals IK1 to IK4 as a key code signal. The 
microprocessor 201 is responsive to the key code signal applied to the 
terminals IK1 to IK4 to detect or identify which key is depressed. The 
timer operation knob 19 is provided on the operation portion 16. The timer 
operation knob 19 is rotatably provided to the signal generator 20 by 
means of a shaft, not shown, and the graduation for indicating an 
operation amount or a displacement amount of the knob is shown along the 
rotational periphery of the knob 19 of the operation portion 16. The 
graduation includes a "0" indication showing the origin position and the 
equispaced graduations of a five-minute interval are formed therefrom up 
to sixty minutes. 
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of one example of the signal 
generator 20. The signal generator 20 is provided on the rear surface of 
the control panel 13, so that the same is operatively coupled in a ganged 
fashion to the above described timer operation knob 19. The signal 
generator 20 comprises an operation shaft 21 extending through the 
operation panel 13 to the front surface thereof and the operation shaft 21 
is fitted to a hole, not shown, formed at the center of the rear surface 
of the timer operation knob 19. Accordingly, the operation shaft 21 is 
rotated through rotation of the operation knob 19. The other end of the 
operation shaft 21 extends through a print circuit board 25. A rotation 
plate 22 is fixed to the other end so as to be integrally rotatable with 
the operation shaft 21. A common base portion of the conductive brush 24 
is fixed to the rotation plate 22. Accordingly, when the operation shaft 
21 is rotated by the knob 19, the tip end of the brush 24 slides on the 
surface of the print circuit board 25. The print circuit board 25 is 
formed of a conductive pattern 26 along the sliding path of the brush 24. 
The conductive pattern 26 comprises nine conductive runs to be described 
subsequently. One of the nine conductive runs is connected to the common 
terminal 27, while the remaining eight conductive runs are connected to 
the corresponding first to eighth signal terminals 28a to 28h, 
respectively. The conductive pattern 26, the brush 24 and the rotation 
plate 22 are housed within a casing 22 constituting the signal generator 
20. 
FIG. 5A is a view showing the above described conductive pattern 26 
developed in a linear manner and FIG. 5B is a view showing a relation of 
the conductive pattern 26, the rotation plate 22 and the brush 24. 
Referring to FIG. 5A, the conductive pattern 26 formed on the surface of 
the print circuit board 25 comprises one common run 30, and the first to 
eighth signal runs 31a to 31h, the common run and the signal runs being 
formed to extend in parallel. It would be appreciated that the movement of 
the brush 24 shown in FIG. 4 is equivalent to the movement along the 
extension direction of the conductive pattern 26 in FIG. 5A of the brush 
24' extending perpendicular to the extension direction of the conductive 
pattern 26 in sliding contact with the common run 30 and the respective 
signal runs 31a to 31h. 
The conductive pattern 26 is divided equispaced at the positions (unit 
portion) of 20 to 240. The position 0 is determined as the position of the 
brush 24' corresponding to the origin position of the operation knob 19 
(FIG. 3) and the position 240 is determined as the position of the brush 
24' corresponding to the position of sixty minutes of the operation knob 
19. Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 5A, the reference numeral 27' corresponds 
to the common terminal 27 in FIG. 4, and the reference numerals 28'a to 
28'h correspond to the signal terminals 28a to 28h in FIG. 4, 
respectively. Referring to FIG. 5A, the portions as dotted on the 
respective conductive runs denote a portion where the insulating film 32 
has been formed, where no electrical connection is established between the 
run and the brush even if the brush 24' is positioned. As understood from 
FIG. 5A, the common run 30 has been formed such that the conductive 
surface may be exposed in the full range from the position (unit portion) 
0 up to the position 240. The first signal run 31a is formed such that the 
conductive surface may be exposed at the respective positions of "A.sub.1 
+4M.sub.1 "th, where A.sub.1 =1, 2 and M.sub.1 =0 to 59. The second signal 
run 31b is formed such that the conductive surface may be exposed at the 
respective positions represented as the "A.sub.2 +8M.sub.2 "th, where 
A.sub.2 =2 to 5 and M.sub.2 =2 to 29. The third signal run 31c is formed 
such that the conductive surface may be exposed at the respective 
positions represented as the "A.sub.3 +16M.sub.3 "th, where A.sub.3 =4 to 
11 and M.sub.3 =0 to 14. The fourth signal run 31d is formed such that the 
conductive surface may be exposed at the respective positions represented 
as the "A.sub.4 +32M.sub.4 "th, where A.sub.4 =8 to 23 and M.sub.4 =0 to 
7. The fifth signal run 31e is formed such that the conductive surface may 
be exposed at the respective positions represented as the "A.sub.5 
+64M.sub.5 "th, where A.sub.5 =16 to 47 and M.sub.5 =0 to 3. The sixth 
signal run 31f is formed such that the conductive surface may be exposed 
at the respective positions as represented as the "A.sub.6 +128M.sub.6 
"th, where A.sub.6 =32 to 95 and M.sub.6 =0 to 1. The seventh signal run 
31g is formed such that the conductive surface may be exposed at the 
respective positions as represented as the "A.sub.7 "th, where A.sub.7 =64 
to 191. The eighth signal run 31h is formed such that the conductive 
surface may be exposed at the respective positions as represented as the 
"A.sub.8 "th, where A.sub.8 =128 to 239. 
The signal generator 20 generates a code signal corresponding to an 
operated amount or a displaced amount of the control knob 19 (FIG. 3). 
Consider a case where the brush 24' is at the fourteenth position, for 
example, as shown in FIG. 5A. One pulse is applied from the output 
terminal OD6 of the microprocessor 201 (FIG. 6) to the common terminal 
27'. Then, the pulse signal is applied through the common terminal 27' and 
the common run 30 and through the brush 24' to the respective signal runs 
28'a to 28'h. However, as far as the fourteenth position is concerned, 
only the first and fourth signal runs 31a and 31d have been formed such 
that the conductive surface may be exposed at that position. Accordingly, 
the above described pulse signal appears only at the first and fourth 
signal terminals 28'a and 28'd corresponding to the above described signal 
runs 31a and 31d. Accordingly, assuming that the presence or absence of 
the above described pulse signal corresponds to the logic one or zero, 
then the signal generation state at the respective signal terminals 28'a 
to 28'h corresponding to the respective signal runs 31a to 31h becomes 
"10010000". Likewise, the signal generation state at the other positions 
may be listed as shown in the following table. 
TABLE 
______________________________________ 
Position 
Signal Generation State 
______________________________________ 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 
3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 
4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 
5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 
. . . 
. . . 
. . . 
______________________________________ 
As apparent from the above described table, by displacing the operation 
knob 19, a code signal of eight bits corresponding to the position of the 
brush 24' corresponding to the displacement is obtained. It is noted that 
a signal corresponding to the adjacent position contains only a variation 
of one bit. Such a code signal including a variation on a one bit by one 
bit basis is known as the so-called Gray code or the reflected binary 
code. The fact that the code signal obtained from the signal generator 20 
is represented by the Gray code means that even in a state of the brush 
24' at the boarder of two adjacent positions the resultant code signal in 
such a situation comes to correspond to either of the two adjacent 
positions. Accordingly, even in such a situation, a code signal 
corresponding to either position is obtained, whereby any malfunction is 
avoided in such a critical position. 
The microprocessor 201 comprises an output terminal OD6 for providing the 
above described pulse signal to the signal generator 20. The 
microprocessor 201 further comprises input terminals IT1 to IT8 for 
receiving the code signal of eight bits generated at the signal terminals 
28a to 28h (FIG. 4) corresponding to the displacement amount of the 
operation knob 19. The code signal of eight bits can assume 241 different 
combinations corresponding to 241 different positions. Accordingly, 
assuming that the portion of the conductive pattern 26 corresponding to 
the range of 0 to 60 minutes indicated on the periphery of the operation 
knob 19 is divided into 240 equispaced minor unit portions, then one minor 
unit portion corresponds to fifteen seconds, with the result that a 
different code signal is obtained for every fifteen seconds in setting a 
timer period by the knob 19. 
The display 15 is structured as shown in FIG. 2, for example, by means of a 
fluorescent type display tube. More specifically, the display 15 comprises 
a numerical value display portion. The numerical value display portion 
comprises four numeral display portions 15a, 15b, 15d and 15e, each 
including an "8" shaped segment arrangement, and a colon display pattern 
15c formed between the numeral display portions 15b and 15d. The output 
signal obtained from the output terminals ODG1 to ODG5 of the 
microprocessor 201 functions as a digit selecting signal of the respective 
display digits 15a to 15e. On the other hand, the output signal obtained 
from the output terminals ODS1 to ODS7 functions as a segment selecting 
signal corresponding to the respective segments in each of the numeral 
display portions. Accordingly, if and when a signal is obtained from the 
output terminal ODG2, for example, and the output signal is obtained at 
the terminals ODS1, ODS3, ODS4, ODS6, and ODS7 a numeral "2" is displayed 
at the numeral display portion 15b is enabled to emit light. The output 
signal obtained from the output terminal ODS7 functions as a selection 
signal of the colon display portion 15c. Accordingly, if and when the 
output signal is obtained from the output terminal ODG5 and the output 
signal is obtained from the terminals ODS7, the colon display portion 15c 
is enabled to emit light. The display 15 makes a current time display and 
a timer period display, such that in case of the current time display the 
current time of say two o'clock thirty-five minute is displayed as "2:35" 
and in case of the timer period display the timer period of say thirty 
minutes thirty second is displayed as "1330". 
Returning to FIG. 6, the output terminal OB of the microprocessor 201 is a 
buzzer terminal. If and when an output signal is obtained at the terminal 
OB, the transistor 205 coupled thereto is rendered conductive, whereby the 
buzzer 207 is driven to raise an alarm. The buzzer 207 is used to generate 
a confirmation alarm responsive to a key operation of the above described 
operation portion 16, completion of cooking, and the like. However, the 
buzzer 207 may also be used as one of alarming means to be described 
subsequently. 
The input terminal IC1 of the microprocessor 201 is an input terminal for 
detecting an opened/closed state of the door 14 shown in FIG. 1. More 
specifically, a door switch 209 adapted to be turned on responsive to the 
door switch knob 18 (FIG. 1) is connected to the input terminal IC1. 
Accordingly, in the absence of the input signal at the terminal IC1, i.e. 
if and when the door switch 209 is turned off, the microprocessor 201 
determines that the door 14 has been opened. In such a situation, the 
microprocessor 201 performs necessary operations such as interruption of 
its own operation, and the like. 
The input terminal RESET is a terminal for initially resetting the 
microprocessor 201 upon turning on of a power supply to the microwave 
oven. More specifically, if and when the power supply is turned on, the 
rise of the source voltage V.sub.C obtained from the control voltage 
source 133 is detected by means of a detecting circuit 213 implemented by 
a transistor and a Zener diode. The output from the detecting circuit 213 
is applied to the terminal RESET. Then the microprocessor 201 resets the 
respective portions to an initial condition. 
An interrupt signal is applied to the input terminal INT of the 
microprocessor 201. More specifically, the time base signal obtained from 
the above described control voltage source 133 is an alternating current 
signal of say 60 Hz and is shaped into a pulse signal of say 60 Hz by 
means of a wave shaping circuit 219 comprising a transistor, a diode and a 
capacitor, whereupon the pulse signal is applied to the input terminal 
INT. Each time the pulse signal obtained from the wave shaping circuit 219 
is applied to the input terminal INT, the microprocessor 201 interrupts 
any other processing, whereupon timing processing is performed. More 
specifically, the microprocessor 201 functions to generate a signal 
representing "second", a signal representing "minute", and a signal 
representing "hour" in synchronism with the above described pulse signal 
of 60 Hz. 
Finally, the output terminals OM and OP are a heat command terminal and an 
output level command terminal, respectively. In performing a heat 
processing operation, the microprocessor 201 just provides an output 
signal at the output terminal OM and then provides an output signal at the 
output terminal OP with a slight delay. Upon completion of execution of 
the heating operation, the output signals at the two terminals OM and OP 
are caused to disappear. If and when the output signal is obtained at the 
output terminal OM, the first transistor 129 is rendered conductive and 
accordingly the relay 121 is energized. Accordingly, the normally closed 
contact 123 is turned off and the normally opened contact 125 is turned 
on. Accordingly, a short circuit state of the gate electrode 119 of the 
bidirectional thyristor 107 is released and the blower motor 121 is 
energized. When the output is obtained from the output terminal OP 
thereafter, the second transistor 131 is rendered conductive and the 
photocoupler 117 becomes operative. Then the output signal at the output 
terminal OP is obtained for a time period associated with an output level 
being set within each cycle which is determined as 10 second, for example. 
Assuming that a microwave output generated by the magnetron 105 is 
selected to be the maximum level, for example, the output signal is 
obtained for full period of time in each cycle, and assuming that the 
microwave output is selected to be a 50% level, the output signal is 
obtained for five second, for example, within each cycle. 
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the microprocessor 201. The microprocessor 201 
comprises an arithmetic logic unit 201a, an accumulator 201b, a random 
access memory 201c, a random access memory buffer 201d, an input/output 
interface 201e and a control unit 201j. A data bus 201f is provided for 
communication of information between these blocks. The control unit 201j 
performs functions of controlling communication of information among these 
blocks. External input signals IC1, IT, IK1 to IK4 and external output 
signals ODS1 to ODS7, ODG1 to ODG5, OB, OP, OM and OD6 are inputted and 
outputted through the input/output interface 201e. 
The microprocessor 201 further comprises a reference clock signal generator 
201g, an interrupt control unit 201h and a reset unit 201i. The reference 
signal generator 201g cooperates with an external component 203 shown in 
FIG. 6 to generate a reference clock signal of 400 kHz, for example. The 
interrupt control unit 201h is responsive to the interrupt signal INT 
obtained from a wave shaping circuit 219 to command an interrupt operation 
for the purpose of a required timing operation. The reset unit 201i is 
responsive to the reset signal RESET to command a required reset 
operation. 
The control unit 201j comprises a read only memory 2101k. The read only 
memory 201k contains a system program and a programmable counter, not 
shown, to be described subsequently. 
The random access memory 201c comprises various storing regions. The major 
regions comprise a DISPLAY region of the length of four digits each digit 
including four bits, a TIME region and a CLOCK region. The random access 
memory 201c further comprises an NT region and an OT region each having 
the length of two digits and an FKB region and, an FLG region of the 
length of one digit. The TIME region is allotted to store a timer period 
and the CLOCK region is allotted to store the current time. The DISPLAY 
region is used as an output buffer for outputting the contents in the 
above described TIME region and the CLOCK region to the display portion 
15. The FKB region is used to store the key code of the function key as 
operated among the function keys provided in the operation portion 16. The 
FLG region comprises the flag regions FLG1, FLG2, FLG3 and FLG4 each 
having one bit. 
Now that a structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention was 
described in the foregoing, a control operation by the microprocessor 201 
will be described in detail in the following. 
STANDBY STATE 
As far as the microwave oven is in an enabled state, the microprocessor 201 
is responsive to the input signal at the input terminal INT to perform a 
timing operation as described previously irrespective of a key operation 
by the operation portion 16 and the current time is renewed by a current 
time storing region which is an accessible region included in the random 
access memory of the microprocessor 201. Now assuming that no key 
operation is made by the operation portion 16 and therefore the microwave 
oven is in a standby state, then the current time is normally displayed by 
the display 15. 
Now referring to the flow diagram shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, an operation of 
the embodiment shown will be described. It is pointed out that in the 
following description the reference characters for the microprocessor 201 
and the random access memory 201c will be omitted for simplicity of 
description. 
Upon turning on of a power supply to the microwave oven, the step S101 of 
the program is automatically executed responsive to the input signal to 
the terminal RESET of the microprocessor. More specifically, at the step 
S101 the clock associated regions including the CLOCK region of the random 
access memory are cleared. The program then proceeds in succession to the 
steps S102 to S114. 
At the step S102 all the output terminal signals of the microprocessor and 
all the regions of the random access memory excluding the above described 
clock associated regions are cleared. 
At the step S103 the output is obtained at the timer time control output 
terminal OD6 of the microprocessor. Accordingly, the signal of eight bits 
associated with the position of the timer operation knob 19 is obtained 
from the signal generator 20 and is applied to the timer time input 
terminals IT1 to IT8 of the microprocessor. At the step S104 such input 
signals are stored as such in the NT region. Then at the step S105 the 
output at the output terminal OD.sub.6 is reset to disappear. 
At the step S106 the content in the NT region is transferred to the OT 
region. Meanwhile, the content in the NT region is held even after such 
transfer. At the step S107 the content in the NT region undergoes code 
conversion. More specifically, the content in the NT region is converted 
from the Gray code of eight bits to a binary code of eight bits through 
the above described code conversion. At the following step S108, the 
content in the NT region further undergoes code conversion, whereby the 
binary code of eight bits is converted into a binary coded decimal code of 
four digits and the converted code is stored in the TIME region. The above 
described code conversions at the respective steps S107 and S108 can be 
made by the well-known logical operation, although in the embodiment shown 
a specific simple approach was employed in the code conversion at the step 
S107. More specifically, the Gray code is converted into the binary code 
by using an arithmetic logical unit. Such code conversion is performed by 
detecting the presence or absence of the logic one in succession from the 
more significant bit to the less significant bit of the Gray code and by 
continuing an inverting operation of the content in the bit less 
significant than the bit of the odd ordinal number until the following bit 
of the logic one. 
The numerical value entering in the TIME region at the step S108 coincides 
with the displaced amount from the origin point of the timer operation 
knob 19, i.e. the above described minor graduation number. Since the unit 
minor graduation corresponds to 15 seconds, at the following step S109 the 
content in the TIME region is multiplied by 15. More specifically, the 
content in the TIME region becomes a timer time period corresponding to 
the position of the timer operation knob 19 as represented in terms of the 
seconds. For example, assuming that the operation knob 19 is at the 
position of five minutes thirty seconds, the content in the time region 
becomes "0330". At the following step S110 the content in the time region 
represented by the seconds unit is converted into a representation in 
terms of the minute and second unit. More specifically, in the above 
described example, "0330" is converted into "0530". 
At the step S111 the content in the CLOCK region is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region. The content in the 
At the step S115, the respective contents in the NT region and the OT 
region are compared and if both are equal to each other then the program 
proceeds through the step S116 and if both are not equal to each other the 
program proceeds through the step S117 to the step S118. At the steps S116 
and S117, the logics zero and one are written in the FLG1 region. 
At the step S118 a display is made by the display 15 and at the same time 
the key operation by the operation portion 16 is detected. More 
specifically, the outputs are in succession generated at the input/output 
control terminals ODG1 to ODG5 and the contents in the respective digits 
in the display region undergo code conversion in synchronism with the 
outputs at these terminals ODG1 to ODG4 and the code converted outputs are 
obtained at the display output terminals ODS1 to ODS7. Meanwhile, 
undesired zeros in the more significant digit are suppressed from being 
displayed at that time. The content in the FLG2 region is checked and, if 
and when the same is logic zero, then the output is obtained at the 
terminal ODS7 in synchronism with the output at the control terminal ODG5 
for display of the current time, whereby a colon display is made by the 
display 15. On the other hand, in the case where the key operation is made 
by the operation portion 16, the key signal input is detected through the 
key signal input terminals IK1 to IK4 and the codes corresponding to these 
keys are stored in the FKB region, while the logic one is written in the 
FLG3 region, whereby the key operation is stored. 
The program then shifts to the step S119, where the content in the FLG3 
region is determined. If and when the content in the FLG3 region is 
determined as the logic one representing that the key operation has been 
made, then the program shifts to the step S129. On the other hand, if and 
when the content in the FLG3 region is determined as the logic zero 
representing that no key operation has been made, then the program shifts 
to the step S120. 
At the step S120 the content in the FLG1 region is determined. If and when 
the content in the FLG1 region is determined as the logic one, then the 
program proceeds to the step S122, whereas if the content in the FLG1 
region is determined as the logic zero, then the program shifts to the 
step S121. At the step S121 the content in the FLG2 region is determined 
and, if and when the content in the FLG2 region is determined as the logic 
one, then the program shifts to the step S112, whereas if and when the 
content in the FLG2 region is determined as the logic zero, then the 
program shifts to the step S111. 
Upon shifting from the step S120 to the step S122, the program thereafter 
proceeds through the steps S123 to S128 to the step S112. At the 
respective steps S122 to S126, the same task as that at the respective 
steps S106 to S110 is executed. At the step S127 the content in the TIME 
region is transferred to the DISPLAY region. The content in the TIME 
region is held even after the above described transfer. At the step S128 
the logic one is written in the FLG2 region. 
At the step S129 the content in the FKB region is determined and in the 
case where the content in the FKB region corresponds to the CLOCK FAST 
key, the program shifts to the step S133, whereas otherwise the program 
shifts to the step S130. Likewise, at the step S130, in the case where the 
content in the FKB region corresponds to the CLOCK SLOW key the program 
shifts to the step S137, whereas otherwise the program shifts to the step 
S131. Likewise, at the step S131 the content in the FKB region is 
determined and, if and when the content in the FKB region corresponds to 
the DEFROST key the program shifts to the step S135, whereas otherwise the 
program shifts to the step S132. Likewise, at the step S132 the content in 
the FKB region is determined and, in the case where the content in the FKB 
region corresponds to the START key the program shifts to the step S139, 
whereas otherwise the content is determined as corresponding to the CLEAR 
key and the program shifts to the step S102. 
At the steps S133 and S137 the content in the CLOCK region is caused to 
vary at the speed higher than the normal speed. More specifically, since 
the content in the CLOCK region is the one minute unit at the least 
significant digit, normally renewal is made for every minute; however, at 
the step S133 the renewal is made at every 0.1 second and at the step S137 
the renewal is made at every one second. At the steps S134 and S138 the 
logic zero is written in the FLG3 region and then the program shifts to 
the step S111. 
At the step S135 the logic one is written in the FLG4 region and at the 
following step S136 the logic zero is written in the FLG3 region, 
whereupon the program then returns to the step S112. 
At the step S139 the heat operation routine is executed. More specifically, 
in the heat operation routine the outputs are obtained at the heat command 
terminal OM and the output level command terminal OP of the 
microprocessor. At that time the output of the terminal OM is continuously 
obtained, whereas the output of the terminal OP is differently obtained 
depending on the content of the FLG4 region, i.e. the output of the 
terminal OP is continuously obtained if and when the content of the FLG4 
region is the logic zero, whereas the output of the terminal OP is 
obtained with the 30% duty with one cycle being 10 seconds, as described 
previously, if and when the content of the FLG4 region is the logic one. 
On the other hand, in the above described routine the content in the TIME 
region is subtracted for every second and the content thereof is displayed 
by the display 15 as a timer left period. If and when the content in the 
TIME region becomes zero, the respective outputs at the terminals OM and 
OP disappear, whereupon the output is obtained for one second at the 
buzzer command terminal OB. The program then shifts to the step S102. 
If and when the door 14 of the microwave oven (FIG. 1) is opened during the 
execution of the above described routine, the microprocessor interrupts 
the execution of the routine responsive to the signal obtained at the 
input terminal IC1. The interrupted state is released when the door 14 is 
thereafter closed and the START key is operated again. If and when the 
CLEAR key is operated during the execution of the above described routine, 
the program shifts to the step S102. 
Now an operation of the microwave oven responsive to the manual operation 
of the operation portion 16 will be described in the following. 
Upon initiation of a power supply to the microwave oven, the program 
proceeds through the steps S101 to S114 to the step S115. At that time the 
timer period loaded at the steps S104 and S113 remains the same unless the 
timer operation knob 19 is moved and the program proceeds after the step 
S115 through the steps S116 and S118 to the step S119. Now assuming that 
no key operation has been made by the operation portion 16, the program 
proceeds from the step 119 through the steps S120 and S121 to return to 
the step S111, whereupon the program circulates through the steps S111 to 
S116 and S118 to S121. During such circulation of the steps the content in 
the CLOCK region is transferred at the step S111 to the DISPLAY region and 
is displayed at the step S118 by the display 15. The display is a current 
time display; however, since the current time setting has not been made, 
the displayed current time is not correct. 
For the purpose of setting the current time, the CLOCK FAST key or the 
CLOCK SLOW key is depressed and then the key operation is detected at the 
step S119 during the above described circulation. The program proceeds 
from the step S119 through the step S129 or steps S129 and S130 to the 
step S133 or S137 and further returns through the step S134 or S138 to the 
step S111. Accordingly insofar as the above described CLOCK FAST key or 
the CLOCK SLOW key is kept depressed, the program makes circulation of the 
respective steps S111 to S116, S118, S119, S129, and S133, S134 (or the 
steps S129 and S130, 137 and S138), while the displayed current time in 
the display 15 quickly changes during that time period. At the time when 
the correct current time is reached in the display, the above described 
key is released from depression, whereupon the program again makes 
circulation of the respective steps S111 to S116 and S118 to S121. As a 
result, thereafter the correct current time is displayed by the display 
15. Such state is referred to as a standby state. 
Now in the case where a heat cooking operation is to be performed for 
twenty-five minutes, first the timer operation knob 19 of the operation 
portion 16 is adjusted to the graduation position of twenty-five minutes. 
A situation where the timer operation knob 19 has already been brought to 
the graduation position of twenty-five minutes from the beginning may be 
considered; however, only for the purpose of description, it is assumed 
that the knob 19 has been brought to the position other than twenty-five 
minutes at the beginning and in performing the above described heat 
cooking operation the knob 19 is adjusted to the position of twenty-five 
minutes. 
Such displacement of the timer operation knob 19 is detected at the step 
S115 of the above described standby state and the program then proceeds 
through the steps S117 to S120 and S122 to S128. More specifically, the 
new timer period information of "25 minutes" is stored in the TIME region 
at the step S124 and is transferred at the step S127 to the DISPLAY 
region. The program then proceeds through the respective steps S112 to 
S114 to the step S115; however, the timer operation knob 19 now remains at 
the position of twenty-five minutes. Accordingly, the program shifts from 
the step S115 to the step S116 and then returns through the steps S118 to 
S121 to the step S112, whereupon the program makes circulation of the 
respective steps S112 to S116 and S118 to S121. During such operation the 
timer period information of "25 minutes" is displayed by the display 15. 
Meanwhile, if and when the timer operation knob 19 is further moved to 
another position, then the timer period information corresponding to the 
new position is displayed in the same manner, as readily understood. 
When the START key of the operation portion 16 is operated in such 
situation, such key operation is detected at the step S119 and the 
prowhere the heat operation routine is executed. More specifically, in the 
above described heat operation routine the magnetron 105 (FIG. 6) is 
caused to make oscillation for twenty-five minutes, during which time 
period the timer left period changing from time to time is displayed by 
the display 15. Upon completion of the heat operation, the buzzer 207 is 
energized, whereupon the program returns to the above described standby 
state and again the current time is displayed by the display 15. 
Meanwhile, on the occasion of a defrost operation, the DEFROST key is 
operated before the operation of the above described START key. 
As is apparent from the above described progress of the program, the timer 
time information corresponding to the position of the timer operation knob 
19 is loaded in the above described standby state, although the 
information is not displayed, so that even the START key can be operated 
immediately in the standby state and such operation can be advantageously 
used in performing repetitively the cooking operation for the same cooking 
time period, for example. 
Now referring to the flow diagram shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B and 
simultaneously referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, another embodiment of the 
present invention will be described. In the embodiment shown, the above 
described timer operation knob 19 (FIG. 3) is adapted such that the 
displacement range is sectioned into at least two sections, so that the 
time period for the unit displacement amount (i.e. the minor graduation) 
of the knob 19 may be different for each of the above described sections. 
In the embodiment shown the graduation formed along the rotational path of 
the timer operation knob 19 of the operation portion 16 is formed as shown 
in FIG. 12. More specifically, in the embodiment shown the above described 
graduation is formed with a relatively wide equispacing from the origin 
position up to five minutes and with a relatively narrow equispacing 
therefrom up to forty minutes. 
In operation, upon turning on of a power supply, the program starts 
execution of the step S201 automatically responsive to the input signal 
obtained at the terminal RESET of the microprocessor. 
Then program proceeds to the steps S202 to S207; however, these steps S202 
to S207 are the same as those steps S102 to S107 depicted with reference 
to FIG. 9A and hence a more detailed description will be omitted. 
At the step S208 it is determined whether or not the content in the NT 
region is larger than "00100110" and, if it is determined that the content 
is larger, the program shifts to the step S211, whereas if the content is 
smaller the program shifts to the step S209. Meanwhile the above described 
and subsequently described code signals are different from those in the 
previous table in that the leftmost indicates the least significant digit. 
The above described value "00100110" represented by the binary notation of 
eight bits represents "100" in terms of the decimal notation and 
accordingly the same corresponds to the 100th position of the brush 24' of 
the signal generator 20. This means that at the step S208 it is determined 
whether the timer setting was made to exceed the position representing 
five minutes in the time graduation on the periphery of the timer 
operation knob 19. 
At the step S209 the content in the NT region is converted from the binary 
code of eight bits to the binary coded decimal code of four digits, 
whereupon the same is transferred to the TIME region. Such code conversion 
is made in accordance with the well-known manner. The numerical value 
entered in the TIME region at the step S209 corresponds to the 
displacement amount displaced from the origin point of the timer operation 
knob 19. Since the unit displacement amount corresponds to three seconds, 
at the following step S210 the content in the TIME region is multiplied by 
three. More specifically, the content in the TIME region becomes that 
representing the timer period corresponding to the position of the timer 
operation knob 19 in terms of the second unit. For example, assuming that 
the operation knob 19 is at the position of three minutes fifteen seconds, 
the content in the TIME region becomes "0195". At the following step S213 
the content in the TIME region represented in terms of the second unit is 
converted into the minute and second unit. More specifically, in the above 
described example, "0195" is converted into "0315". The program then 
shifts to the step S214. 
At the step S211 the same task as that at the step S209 is executed. The 
numerical value entered in the TIME region at the step S211 corresponds to 
the displacement amount displaced from the origin point of the timer 
operation knob 19; however, the total displacement amount from the origin 
point up to the position representing five minutes corresponds to 300 
seconds and the unit displacement amount exceeding the position 
representing five minutes corresponds to 15 seconds and therefore the 
content in the TIME region is corrected at the following steps S212 in the 
following manner: 
(content in the TIME region-100).times.15+300 
More specifically, through the above described correction the content in 
the TIME region becomes that representing the timer period corresponding 
to the position of the timer operation knob 19 in terms of the second unit 
and accordingly the above described content is converted at the following 
step S213 to the minute and second units. 
At the step S214 the content in the CLOCK region is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region. The content in the CLOCK region is held even after the 
above described transfer. 
The program then proceeds through the respective steps S215 to S217 to the 
step S218. At the respective steps S215, S216 and S217 the same task as 
that at the respective steps S203, S204 and S205 is executed. 
At the step S218 the contents in the NT region and the OT region are 
compared and, if both are the same, the program shifts to the step S219, 
whereas if both are not the same, the program shifts through the step S220 
to the step S221. At the respective steps S219 and S220 the logics zero 
and one are loaded in the FLG1 region, respectively. 
At the step S221 a display is made by the display 15 and the key operation 
by the operation portion 16 is detected. More specifically, at the step 
S221 the outputs are obtained in succession at the input/output control 
terminals ODG1 to ODG5 and the contents in the respective digits of the 
DISPLAY region undergo code conversion in synchronism with the outputs at 
these terminals ODG1 to ODG4, whereby the outputs are obtained from the 
display output terminals ODS1 to ODS7. At that time unnecessary zeros in 
the more significant digits are supressed from being displayed. The 
content in the FLG2 region is determined and if the content is determined 
as the logic zero the output is obtained at the terminal OSD7 in 
synchronism with the output of the control terminal ODG5 for the purpose 
of displaying the current time, whereby a colon display is made by the 
display 15. On the other hand, in the case where the key operation is made 
by the operation portion 16, the same is detected through the key signal 
input terminals IK1 to IK4 and the code corresponding to the key is stored 
in the FKB region, while the logic one is loaded in the FLG3 region, 
whereby the fact of key operation is stored. 
The program then shifts to the step S220 and at the step S220 the content 
in the FLG 3 region is determined. If the content is determined as the 
logic one at the step, this means that the key operation has been made and 
the program shifts to the step S233. On the other hand, if the content is 
determined as the logic zero, then this means that the key operation has 
not been made and the program shifts to the step S223. 
At the step S223 the content in the FLG1 region is determined and if the 
content is determined as the logic one the program shifts to the step 
S225, whereas if the content is determined as the logic zero the progam 
shifts to the step S224. At the step S224 the content in the FLG2 region 
is determined and, if the content is determined as the logic one the 
program shifts to the step S215, whereas if the content is determined as 
the logic zero the program shifts to the step S214. 
Upon shifting from the step S223 to the step S225, the program then 
proceeds through the steps S226 to S229, S232 to S234 (or the steps S226, 
S227, S230 to S234) to the step S215. At the steps S225 to S229, S232 (or 
the steps S225 to S227, S230 to S232), the same task as that in the 
respective steps S206 to S210, S213 (or the steps S206 to S208, S211 to 
S213) is executed. At the step S233 the content in the TIME region is 
transferred to the DISPLAY region. The content in the TIME region is held 
even after the above described transfer. At the step S234 the logic one is 
loaded in the FLG2 region. 
Thereafter the operation is controlled in accordance with the program shown 
in FIG. 9B depending on the content in the FKB region, i.e. the kind of 
the function key operated at that time. 
Now an operation of the microwave oven in accordance with a manual 
operation by the operation portion 16 will be described in the following. 
Upon initiation of a power supply to the microwave oven, the program 
proceeds through the steps S201 to S207 to the step S208 and further 
proceeds through the steps S209 and S210 (or the steps S211 and S212) to 
the step S213 and further to the steps S218. The timer time period loaded 
at the steps S204 and S216 remains the same unless the timer operation 
knob 19 is operated and therefore the program proceeds after the step S218 
through the steps S219 and S221 to the step S222. Now assuming that no key 
operation is made by the operation portion 16, the program returns from 
the step S222 through the steps S223 and S224 to the step S214, whereupon 
the program makes circulation of the steps S214 to S219 and S221 to S224. 
During such circulation process, the content in the CLOCK region is 
transferred to the DISPLAY region at the step S214 and the same is 
displayed by the display 15 at the step S221. Although the display is 
directed to a current time display, the current time as displayed is 
incorrect, inasmuch as the current time setting has not been made. 
For the purpose of setting the current time, the CLOCK FAST key or the 
CLOCK SLOW key is depressed, when the key operation is detected at the 
step S222 of the above described circulation process. Thereafter the 
program proceeds from the step S222 through the step S129 or the steps 
S129 and S130 to the step step S133 or S137. The program further proceeds 
through the step S134 or S138 to the step S214. Accordingly, insofar as 
the above described CLOCK FAST key or the CLOCK SLOW key is kept 
depressed, the program makes circulation of the steps S214 to S219, S221, 
S222, 129, S133 and S134 (or the steps S129, S130, S137 and S138), while 
the current time display by the display 15 quickly changes. If and when 
the current time as displayed reaches a correct current time display, the 
above described key is released from being depressed, whereupon the 
program makes again circulation of the steps S214 to S219 and S221 to 
S224, while the display 15 makes display of the correct current time. Such 
state is a standby state. 
Now consider a case where a heat cooking operation of four minutes thirty 
seconds is performed. In such a case, first the timer operation knob 19 of 
the operation portion 16 is adjusted to the position of four minutes 
thirty seconds. Although a situation may be considered where the timer 
operation knob 19 has already been set to the position of four minutes 
thirty seconds from the beginning, for the purpose of description of the 
operation, it is assumed that the timer operation knob 19 has been 
originally set to the other position and the knob 19 is adjusted to the 
position of four minutes thirty seconds in starting the above described 
heat cooking operation. 
Such displacement of the timer operation knob 19 is detected at the step 
S218 of the above described standby state and the program then proceeds 
through the steps S220 to S223, S225 to S229, S232 to S234 (or the steps 
S220 to S223, S225 to S227, S230 to S234). More specifically, the new 
timer time period information of "four minutes thirty seconds" is loaded 
in the TIME region at the step S232 and the same is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region at the step S233. The program then shifts through the 
respective steps S215 to S217 to the step S218; however, since the timer 
operation knob 19 has been set to the position of four minutes thirty 
seconds, the program proceeds from the step S218 to the step S219. 
Thereafter the program proceeds through the steps S221 to S224 to the step 
S215, whereupon the program makes circulation of the respective steps S215 
to S219 and S221 to S224, while the timer time period information of "four 
minutes thirty seconds" is displayed at the step S221. 
Meanwhile, if the timer operation knob 19 is further adjusted to a 
different position, the timer time period information corresponding to the 
position is similarly displayed, as is readily understood. 
A point fully noted is that since the time graduation from zero to five 
minutes has been enlarged as compared with the time graduation from five 
minutes to forty minutes it is of extreme ease to set a timer time period 
by means of the timer operation knob 19. Although the timer time period 
from five minutes to forty minutes has been indicated in a reduced 
graduation, usually a timer time period being set in that range is large 
as compared with the enlarged range for zero to five minutes and a 
relative setting error by operating the knob does not entail so much a 
problem as a matter of practice. 
More specifically, as described in the foregoing, the embodiment in 
discussion is structured to comprise both a graduation of an enlarged 
pitch and a graduation of a reduced pitch, whereby both a short time 
period timer and a long time period timer have been implemented in one 
timer apparatus. 
Meanwhile, although in the above described embodiment the range up to five 
minutes was included in a range of an enlarged-pitch, such range may be 
expanded to a longer time period as necessary. The above described 
embodiment was further adapted such that the graduation pitch is made 
different based on whether the input value is larger or smaller than a 
predetermined time period criterion; however, alternatively the embodiment 
may be adapted such that the signal generator 20 per se is structured to 
generate also a range code corresponding to the ranges of the graduation, 
so that graduation pitch may be discriminated by such range code. 
For example, the conductive pattern 26 shown in FIG. 5A may be modified so 
that the outputs from the first to sixth signal terminals 28a to 28f may 
be used as the data (time period information) code, while the outputs from 
the seventh and eighth signal terminals 28g 28h may be the range code. 
FIG. 11 shows a bit pattern of such codes. More specifically, the full 
range from the above described first position to the 240th position is 
divided into the ranges I to IV each covering 60 positions and the above 
described data code for the respective ranges is represented by the Gray 
code of six bits or the first to 60th positions while the above described 
range code is represented by a 2-bit pattern. The time period graduation 
along the periphery of the timer operation knob 19 is allotted such that 
the 60th position in the range I corresponds to five minutes, the 60th 
position of the range II corresponds to 15 minutes, the 60th position of 
the range III corresponds to 30 minutes and the 60th position of the range 
IV corresponds to 60 minutes. Accordingly, the above described unit 
displacement amount of the timer operation knob 19 changes 5 seconds, 10 
seconds, 15 seconds and 30 seconds for the ranges I, II, III and IV, 
respectively. The internal processing by the microprocessor with respect 
to such code signals of the signal generator 20 is performed in the 
following manner. More specifically, the content in the more significant 
two bits in the NT region (i.e. the outputs at the seventh and eighth 
signal terminals 28g and 28h) is first determined at the portion 
corresponding to the respective steps S207 to S212 and S226 to S231 of the 
above described program, whereby it is determined in what range the same 
falls. Then the code of 6 bits represented by the Gray code in the NT 
region is converted into a binary number and the converted binary number 
is then converted into a binary decimal coded code of 4 bits, whereupon 
the same is transferred to the TIME region. Then the content in the TIME 
region is corrected in the following manner depending on the content of 
the region as determined: 
In the range I, the content in the TIME region is multiplied by 5, 
In the range II, 300+the content in the TIME region multiplied by 10, 
In the range III, 900+the content in the TIME region multiplied by 15, and 
In the range IV, 1800+the content in the TIME region multiplied by 30. 
When the START key of the operation portion 16 is operated, such key 
operation is detected at the step S222 and the program shifts from the 
step S222 through the steps S129 to S132 to the step S139, where the heat 
operation routine is executed. More specifically, the magnetron 105 (FIG. 
6) is caused to make oscillation for 4 minutes 30 seconds, while a timer 
left time period changing from time to time is displayed by the display 
15. Upon completion of the heat operation, the buzzer 207 is energized, 
whereupon the program returns to the above described standby state, when 
the current time is displayed again by the display 15. 
FIG. 13 is a view showing an operation portion 16 of a microwave oven in 
accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention. The 
operation portion 16 comprises a MICROWAVE STRONG key and a MICROWAVE WEAK 
(A) key, a display lamp 161a, and timer operation knob 162a in the region 
in a circle indicated as "BLOCK A". The operation portion 16 further 
comprises a MICROWAVE WEAK (B) and a HEATHER key, a display lamp 161b and 
a timer operation knob 162b in the region in a circle indicated as "BLOCK 
B". The operation portion 16 further comprises a CLOCK FAST key, a CLOCK 
SLOW key, a START key, a CLEAR key, and a temperature adjustment knob 163 
disposed outside the above described circles. The above described keys may 
each comprise an ordinary contact type push button switch. The temperature 
adjustment knob 163 is provided rotatably on the control panel 13 (FIG. 
1), while the temperature graduations (C.degree.) for "100", "150", "200", 
and "250" are indicated on the operation portion 16 along the periphery of 
the knob 163. A variable resistor, to be described subsequently, is 
provided on the rear of the control panel 13 so as to be rotated by the 
above described knob 163. The timer operation knobs 162a and 162b are also 
provided so as to be rotatable, while graduations for indicating the 
position "0" and the intervals for five minutes are indicated along the 
periphery of the knobs. Although not shown, the timer operation knobs 162a 
and 162b are operatively coupled to signal generators 20a and 20b (FIG. 
14), which may be structured as previously described in conjunction with 
FIG. 4. 
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment in discussion. It is 
pointed out that the embodiment is structured to achieve a heat operation 
by a microwave oven and also to achieve a heat operation by a heater. To 
that end, the embodiment comprises a bidirectional thyristor 139 which is 
similar to the bidirectional thyristor 107. The bidirectional thyristor 
139 is used to control a power supply to a heater 137. A transistor 143, a 
photocoupler 141 and so on are provided in association with the 
bidirectional thyristor 139, as is similar to the bidirectional thyristor 
107. The heater 137 is connected through an interlock switch 113 and the 
bidirectional thyristor 139 to the power supply terminals 109 and 111. The 
heater 137 is mounted on the upper wall of the cooking chamber 12 (FIG. 
1), so that when the same is energized, the same is energized, the same is 
red heated, whereby the heating energy is applied to a material being 
cooked. If and when the transistors 145 and 143 are both rendered 
conductive, a signal is applied from the photocoupler 141 to the gate 
electrode of the bidirectional thyristor 139, whereby the heater 137 is 
supplied with an electric power. The thyristor 107 is rendered conductive 
responsive to a signal from a photocoupler 117, when the transistors 145 
and 131 are both rendered conductive, whereby the magnetron 105 is 
energized to generate a microwave. The relay 121 is energized when the 
transistors 145 is rendered conductive, whereby two normally open contacts 
125a and 125b are closed while two normally closed contacts 123a and 123b 
are opened. Accordingly, upon energization of the relay 121, the blower 
motor 127 is energized and the current flows through the high voltage 
input winding 103a of the high voltage transformer 103. As a result, the 
cathode of the magnetron 105 is supplied with a current. The above 
described transistors 131, 143 and 145 are controlled to be conductive or 
non-conductive responsive to the outputs obtained at the output terminals 
OM, OH and OT of the microprocessor 201. 
The embodiment shown is further structured such that the input terminals 
IT1 to IT8 of the microprocessor 201 commonly receive the outputs of 8 
bits obtained from two signal generators 20a and 20b. The microprocessor 
201 comprises an output terminal OD6 for providing a pulse signal to the 
signal generator 20a and an output terminal OD7 for providing a pulse 
signal to the other signal generator 20b. The microprocessor 201 further 
comprises two output terminals OLa and OLb. The output terminals OLa and 
OLb are used to indicate which one the display by the display 15 is 
related to, "BLOCK A" or "BLOCK B" in FIG. 13. More specifically, the 
output terminal OLa is connected to the base electrode of the transistor 
231 for driving the display lamp 161a and the output terminal OLb is 
connected to the base electrode of the transistor 233 for driving the 
display lamp 161b. Accordingly, in the presence of the output from the 
output terminal OLa the display lamp 161a is lighted, whereby an 
indication is made to an operator that a display by the display 15 is 
related to the set time period by the timer operation knob 162a provided 
in the circle "BLOCK A". Similarly, the output is obtained from the output 
terminal OLb, when the display by the display portion 15 is related to the 
set time period by the time operation knob 162b provided in the circle 
"BLOCK B". 
The microprocessor 201 further comprises an input terminal IC2. The input 
terminal IC2 is allotted for a temperature detection input terminal on the 
occasion of a temperature operation. The input terminal IC2 is connected 
to receive the output of the comparator 223. One input of the comparator 
223 is connected to receive a voltage from the junction of a thermistor 11 
provided operatively coupled to the cooking chamber 12 and the resistor 
225. The other input of the comparator 223 is connected to receive a 
voltage from the junction of a variable resistor 227 and a resistor 229. 
The thermistor 11 may be provided on the outside of the upper wall of the 
cooking chamber 12, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1. Alternatively, 
the thermistor 11 may be provided in the vicinity of an exhaust port, not 
shown, so that the temperature of the exhaust from the cooking chamber may 
be detected. The variable resistor 227 is provided so as to be rotated by 
the temperature adjustment knob 163 depicted in conjunction with FIG. 13, 
so that a resistance value thereof may be changed as a function of the 
rotation of the knob 163. The comparator 223 provides an output when the 
terminal voltage from the thermistor 11 exceeds the terminal voltage of 
the variable resistor 227 and the output of the comparator 223 is applied 
to the input terminal IC2. More specifically, the comparator 223 provides 
the output to the input terminal IC2, if and when the temperature in the 
cooking chamber detected by the thermistor 11 exceeds a temperature preset 
by the temperature adjustment knob 163. 
The microprocessor 201 of the embodiment shown may be structured in the 
same manner as that depicted in conjunction with FIG. 7. FIG. 7 shows by 
the dotted line the input terminal and the output terminal provided in 
addition to the FIG. 6 embodiment. The storing regions of the random 
access memory 201c may also be structured in the same manner as described 
previously; however, the embodiment shown further comprises additional 
storing regions in addition to the previously described embodiment. More 
specifically, the random access memory 201c of the embodiment shown 
comprises the DISPLAY region, the CLOCK region, the TIME1 region and the 
TIME2 region each of the 4-digit length, as shown in FIG. 8. The random 
access memory 201c further comprises the NT region, OT1 region and the OT2 
region each of the 2-digit length. In the embodiment shown the FLG region 
is expanded to comprise the regions FLG1 to FLG11 each of one bit. The 
TIME1 region and the TIME2 region are used to store timer time periods 
associated with the timer operation knobs 162a and 162b, respectively. 
These regions of the 4-digit length are used as output buffers to the 
display 15. The FLG1 region serves to indicate whether there occurs a 
change in the position of the timer operation knob 162a or 162b. The FLG2 
region serves to indicate whether a current time display has been made by 
the display 15. The FLG3 region serves to indicate whether any key 
operation has been made in the operation portion 16. The FLG4 region 
serves to indicate whether any one of the "MICROWAVE STRONG" key and the 
"MICROWAVE WEAK(A)" key has been operated. The FLG5 region serves to 
indicate whether any one of the "MICROWAVE WEAK(B)" key and "HEATER" key 
has been operated. The FLG6 region serves to indicate which one of the 
timer operation knobs 162a and 162b the timer time period as loaded is. 
The FLG7 region serves to indicate which one of the keys in the "BLOCK A" 
and the "BLOCK B" of the operation portion 16 has been operated. The FLG8 
region serves to indicate which block key of the "BLOCK A" and "BLOCK B" 
has been previously operated. The FLG9 region serves to indicate whether 
any one of the keys in the circles "BLOCK A" and "BLOCK B" has been 
operated. The FLG10 region serves to indicate whether a heat operation has 
been performed by means of the magnetron 105 or the heater 137. The FLG11 
region serves to indicate whether door 14 (FIG. 1) has been opened in the 
course of the heat operation. 
Now that the structural features of the embodiment shown were described in 
the foregoing, an operation of the embodiment shown will be described with 
reference to the numbers. In principle, the program proceeds from the 
block of a smaller step number to a block of a larger step number in the 
order of arrangement of the respective blocks, except that the program 
suitably returns to the previous step on the occasion of the return or 
depending on the decision by the respective determining steps. 
Generally out of the steps shown by the rectangle blocks, the steps as 
indicated as "FLGn.fwdarw.0" and "FLGn.fwdarw.1" (where n=1 to 11) show 
that the logics zero and one are loaded in the FLGn regions, and out of 
the steps indicated in the rhombus blocks, the steps indicated as 
"FLGn=1?" (where n=1 to 11) show that the content in the FLGn region is 
determined and the content is determined as YES when the same is the logic 
one whereas the same is determined as NO when the same is the logic zero. 
Now in the following the remaining steps will be described. 
Step S301: The step is automatically executed responsive to the input 
signal to the terminal RESET of the microprocessor on the occasion of 
turning on of a power supply to the microwave oven and the clock 
associated region including the CLOCK region of the random access memory 
is cleared. 
Step S302: All the output terminal signals of the microprocessor and all 
the other regions of the random access memory excluding the above 
described clock associated regions are cleared. 
Steps S303 and S321: The output is obtained from the output terminal OD6 of 
the microprocessor and accordingly the signal of 8 bits is obtained from 
the signal generator 20a depending on the position of the timer operation 
knob 162a at that time and is applied to the input terminal IT1 to IT8 of 
the microprocessor. 
Steps S304, S312, S322 and S345: The signals being applied to the input 
terminals IT1 to IT8 of the microprocessor are as such stored in the NT 
region. 
Steps S305 and S323: The output of the output terminal OD6 of the 
microprocessor is reset to disappear. 
Steps S306, S335 and S367: The content in the NT region is transferred to 
the OT1 region, while the content in the NT region is held even after the 
above described transfer. 
Steps S307, S315, S336 and S352: The content in the NT region undergoes 
code conversion, whereby the original Gray code of 8-bits is converted 
into a binary code of 8-bits, such code conversion being performed in the 
same manner as described in conjunction with the previous embodiments. 
Steps S308 and S337: The content in the NT region is converted from the 
binary code further to the binary coded decimal code of 4 digits, 
whereupon the code is stored in the TIME1 region, such conversion being 
performed through a well-knumber of the unit minor graduation (FIG. 5A) 
counted from the origin point of the timer operation knob 162a. Since the 
unit minor graduation corresponds to 15 seconds, the content in the TIME1 
region is multiplied by 15 at the following steps S309 and S338. As a 
result, the content in the TIME1 region becomes a value of a timer time 
period indicated in terms of seconds and corresponding to the position of 
the timer operation knob 162a. For example, assuming that the operation 
knob 162a is at the position of five minutes thirty seconds, the content 
in the TIME1 region becomes "0330". 
Steps S310 and S339: The content in the TIME1 region represented in terms 
of seconds at the previous steps S309 and S338 is converted to the value 
in terms of the minute and second unit. More specifically, in the case of 
the above described example, "0330" is converted into "0530". 
Steps S311 and S344: The output is obtained at the output terminal OD7 of 
the microprocessor. Accordingly, the signal of 8-bits according to the 
position of the timer operation knob 162b is obtained from the signal 
generator 20b and is applied to the input terminal IT1 to IT8 of the 
microprocessor. 
Steps S313 and S346: The output of the output terminal OD7 of the 
microprocessor is reset to disappear. 
Steps S314, S351 and S366: The content in the NT region is transferred to 
the OT2 region. The content in the NT region is held even after the above 
described transfer. 
Steps S316 and S353: As in the case of the previous steps S308 and S337, 
the content in the NT region is converted from the binary code of 8-bits 
to the binary coded decimal code of 4-digits and is loaded in the TIME2 
region. 
Steps S317 and S354: As in the case of the previous steps S309 an S338, the 
timer time period information concerning the timer operation knob 162b is 
converted to the value in terms of a second unit and is loaded in the 
TIME2 region. 
Steps S318 and S355: As in the case of the previous steps S310 and S339, 
the content in the TIME2 region is converted into the value in terms of 
the minute and second units. 
Step S319: The content in the CLOCK region is transferred to the DISPLAY 
region. After such transfer the content in the CLOCK region is maintained. 
Steps S324: It is determined whether the respective contents in the NT 
region and the OT1 region are equal to each other. 
Step S328: A display is made by the display 15 and the same time key 
operation by the operation portion 16 is detected. More specifically, the 
outputs are in succession obtained at the input/output control terminals 
ODG1 to ODG5. At the same time, the contents of the respective digits of 
the DISPLAY region undergo code conversion in synchronism with the outputs 
obtained at these terminals ODG1 to ODG4 and the converted outputs are 
obtained from the display output terminals ODS1 to ODS7. At that time 
unnecessary zeros in the more significant digits are suppresed from being 
displayed. The content in the FLG2 region is determined and if the same is 
determined as the logic zero the output is obtained at the terminal ODG7 
in synchronism with the output of the control terminal ODG5 for the 
purpose of displaying the current time, whereby a colon display is made by 
the display 15. On the other hand, in the case where key operation is made 
by the operation portion 16, the key operation is detected through the key 
signal input terminals IK1 to IK4 and the code corresponding to the said 
key is stored in the FKB region, while the logic one is loaded in the FLG3 
region, whereby the fact of the key operation is stored. 
Steps S340 and S427: The content in the TIME1 region is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region. Even after the above described transfer the content in the 
TIME1 region is maintained. 
Steps S341 and S428: The outputs at the output terminals OLb and OLa of the 
microprocessor are set to be off and on, respectively. 
Step S347: It is determined whether the respective contents in the NT 
region and the OT2 region are equal to each other. 
Steps S356 and S425: The content in the TIME2 region is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region. Even after the above described transfer the content in the 
TIME2 region is maintained. 
Step S357 and S426: The outputs of the output terminals OLa and OLb of the 
microprocessor are set to be off and on, respectively. 
Step S362: The content in the FKB region is checked, whereby it is 
determined whether the same corresponds to the START key or not. 
Steps S360, S401 and S537: An opened/closed state of the door 14 is checked 
through the input terminal IC1 of the microprocessor. 
Steps S404 and S429: All the outputs at the output terminals OM, OH and OT 
of the microprocessor are turned off. 
Steps S407 and S416: The output is generated with a 30% duty at the output 
terminal OM of the microprocessor. More specifically, on the occasion of a 
heat operation by a microwave, the program passes the steps S407 and S416 
at the rate of a number of times per second, as will become apparent from 
the following description. On the occasion of the first passage of the 
steps S407 and S416, the output of the output terminal OM is turned on and 
on the occasion of the passage of the above described steps after the 
lapse of three seconds the output of the output terminal OM is turned off, 
whereupon on the occasion of the passage of the above described steps 
after the lapse of seven seconds thereafter again the output of the output 
terminal OM is turned on, whereupon the above described process is 
repeated. On the occasion of a heat operation the output is also obtained 
at the output terminal OT and the above described steps S407 and S416 are 
repeated, whereby the magnetron 105 makes oscillation with the cycle of 10 
seconds, and for three seconds for each cycle. The oscillation output on 
that occasion is determined to be 180 W. 
Step S408: The presence or absence of the input to the input terminal IC2 
of the microprocessor is checked and in the presence of the input the 
output terminal OH is turned off, whereas in the absence of the input the 
output at the output terminal OH is turned on. 
Step S409: The content of the TIME2 region is subtracted for every second. 
More specifically, as in the case of the previous step S407, on the 
occasion of a heat operation, the program passes the step S409 at the rate 
of a number of times per second, while the above described subtracting 
operation is made for each passage of one second. 
Step S410: It is determined whether the content in the TIME2 region has 
become zero or not. 
Step S411: The output of the output terminal OLb of the microprocessor is 
turned off. 
Step S417: The output of the output terminal OM of the microprocessor is 
turned on. 
Step S418: As in the case of the previous step S409, the content in the 
TIME1 region is subtracted for each second. 
Step S419: It is determined whether the TIME1 region is zero. 
Step S420: The output of the output terminal OLa of the microprocessor is 
turned off. 
Step S430: The output is obtained for one second at the output terminal OB 
of the microprocessor, whereupon the program proceeds to the step S302. 
Steps S502, S504 to S508 and S510: The content in the FKB region is checked 
at these steps to determine whether the same corresponds to any one of the 
CLEAR key, the START key, the MICROWAVE STRONG key, the MICROWAVE WEAK(A), 
the MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key, HEATER key, and the CLOCK FAST key. In the case 
where the same does not correspond to any one of them, the program 
determines the same as the CLOCK SLOW key and proceeds to the step S511. 
Step S511 and S512: At these steps the content in the CLOCK region changes 
at the speed quicker than the normal speed. More specifically, since the 
least significant digit of the content of the CLOCK region is the minute 
unit, normally the content is renewed for every minute; however, at the 
step S511 the renewal is made for each second at the step S512 renewal is 
made for every 0.5 second. 
In the following a control operation of the microprocessor will be 
described in more detail. 
[1] Initiation of Power Supply and Current Time Setting 
Upon initiation of a power supply to the microwave oven, the program 
proceeds through the steps S301 to S323 to the step S324. At that time the 
timer time period loaded at the steps S306 and S322 remains the same 
unless the timer operation knob 162a is turned. Accordingly, the program 
proceeds after the step S324 through the steps S325, S326, S328 to S330 to 
the step S331. Now assuming that no key operation is made by the operation 
portion 16, the program proceeds from the step S331 through the steps S332 
and S333 to return to the step S319. The program further proceeds to the 
step S320. Since the content in the FLG6 region has become the logic one 
at that time through the step S326, the program then proceeds to the step 
S344. The timer time period loaded at the steps S314 and S345 remains the 
same unless the timer operation knob 162b is turned. Accordingly, the 
program proceeds after the step S347 through the steps S348 and S349 to 
return to the step S328. Accordingly, similarly thereafter the program 
makes alternately circulations of the first loop including the steps S319 
to S326 and S328 to S333 and the second loop including the steps S319, 
S320, S344 to S349 and S328 to S333. In the course of the above described 
circulations, the content in the CLOCK region is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region at the step S319 and is displayed by the display 15 at the 
step S328. Although the content displayed is a current time display, the 
displayed current time is incorrect, since the current time setting has 
not been made at that time. 
When the CLOCK FAST key or the CLOCK SLOW key is depressed for the purpose 
of setting the current time, the key operation is detected at the step 
S331 in the above described circulation process. Thereafter the program 
proceeds from the step S331 to the step S501, whereupon the program 
proceeds through the steps S502 to S510 and further through the step S511 
or S512 to return to the step S319. Accordingly, insofar as the CLOCK FAST 
key or the CLOCK SLOW key is kept depressed, the program makes circulation 
of the steps S319 to S326 (or the steps S319, S320, S344 to S349) and the 
steps S328 to S331, S501 to S510 and S511 or S512, whereby a displayed 
current time in the display 15 quickly changes during that time period. 
At the time point when the displayed current time reaches a corrent current 
time, the above described key is released from being depressed, whereupon 
the program again makes circulation of the above described first loop or 
the second loop, while the correct current time is displayed by the 
display 15. Such state is a standby state. 
[II] Microwave Strong Heat Operation.fwdarw.Microwave Weak Heat Operation 
Consider a case where a heat cooking operation is performed for 25 minutes 
with a microwave of a strong output (600 W) and then a heat cooking 
operation is performed for 40 minutes with a microwave of a weak output 
(180 W). In such a case, first of all the timer operation knobs 162a and 
162b are set to the graduation positions of 25 minutes and 40 minutes, 
respectively, in the operation portion 16. 
Assuming that the timer operation knob 162a is first operated, then such 
timer operation is detected at the step S324 in the above described 
standby state and the program then proceeds through the steps S327 to S332 
and S334 to S343. More specifically, the new timer time period information 
of "25 minutes" is loaded in the TIME1 region at the step S339 and the 
same is also transferred to the DISPLAY region at the step S340. 
Furthermore, only the display lamp 161a is lighted at the step S341. The 
program then makes alternately circulations of the third loop including 
the steps S320, S344 to S349, S328 to S333 and the fourth loop including 
the steps S320 to S326, S328 to S333. During the circulation period the 
timer time period information of "25 minutes" is displayed at the step 
S328 and the display lamp 161a is also lighted, whereby it is notified 
that the displayed content in the display 15 contains the time period 
information associated with the timer operation knob 162a. 
Assuming that the timer operation knob 162b is then operated, such 
operation is detected at the step S347 in the above described third loop 
circulation and the program then proceeds through the steps S350, S328 to 
S332 to S334, S351 to S358, S343. More specifically, the new timer time 
period of "40 minutes" is loaded in the TIME2 region at the step S355. At 
the same time the timer time period information is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region at the step S356 and only the display lamp 161b is lighted 
at the step S357. Thus the program thereafter makes alternately the 
circulations of the above described third and fouth loops, while the timer 
time period information of "40 minutes" is similarly displayed by the 
display 15 and the display lamp 161b is lighted, whereby it is notified 
that the displayed content in the display 15 contains the time period 
information associated with the timer operation knob 162b. 
As for the order of operation of the timer operation knobs 162a and 162b, 
either may be earlier operated and the time period information designated 
by the knobs 162a and 162b is loaded in the respective TIME1 and TIME2 
regions. The time period information of the last operated knob is 
displayed by the display 15 and the display lamp 161a or 161b is lighted, 
whereby it is indicated which knob the displayed content in the display 15 
corresponds to. 
Then the MICROWAVE STRONG key, the MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key, and the START key 
are operated in succession. 
The key operation of the MICROWAVE STRONG key is detected at the step S331 
in the above described circulations of the third and fourth loops. Then 
the program proceeds through the steps S501 to S505, S513, S515 to S517, 
S340 to S342, while the key operation of the MICROWAVE STRONG key is 
loaded at the step S513. The key operation of any one of the keys in the 
circle indicated as "BLOCK A" in the operation portion 16 is stored at the 
step S517. The content in the TIME1 region is transferred to the DISPLAY 
region at the step S340 and only the display lamp 161a is lighted at the 
step S341. Insofar as the MICROWAVE STRONG key is kept operated, the 
program makes alternately circulations of the loop including the steps 
S320, S344 to S349, S328 to S331, S501 to S505, S513, S515, S516, S518, 
S340 to S343 and the loop including the step S320 to S326, S328 to S331, 
S501 to S505, S513, S515, S516, S518, S340 to S343. When the above 
described key operation is released, the program makes alternately 
circulations of the fourth loop including the steps S320 to S326, S328 to 
S333 and the third loop including the steps S320, S344 to S349, S328 to 
S333. During the above described circulation processes, the time period 
information designated by the timer operation knob 162a is displayed by 
the display 15 and the display lamp 161a is lighted. 
The following key operation of the MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key is detected at the 
step S331 in the course of the above described circulation processes of 
the third and fourth loops. Then the program proceeds through the steps 
S501 to S507, S523, S525 to S528, S356 to S358, S343, while the key 
operation of the MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key is stored at the step S523. The key 
operation of any keys in the circles indicated as "BLOCK A" and "BLOCK B" 
of the operation portion 16 is stored at the step S528. At the step S356 
the content in the TIME2 region is transferred to the display region and 
at the step S357 only the display lamp 161a is lighted. Insofar as the 
MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key is kept operated, the program makes alternately 
circulations of the loop including the steps S320 to S326, S328 to S331, 
S501 to S507, S523, S525, S356 to S358, S343 and the loop including the 
steps S320, S344 to S349, S328 to S331, S501 to S507, S523, S525, S356 to 
S358, S343. When the above described key operation is released, the 
program makes alternately circulations of the fourth loop including the 
steps S320 to S326, S328 to S333 and the third loop including the steps 
S320, S344 to S349, S328 to S333. In the course of the above described 
circulation processes, the time period information designated by the timer 
operation knob 162b is displayed and the display lamp 161b is lighted. 
The content in the FLG8 region remains the logic zero depending on the 
order of operation of the above described MICROWAVE STRONG key and the 
MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key. This means that the key in the circle indicated as 
"BLOCK A" of the operation portion 16 is operated prior to the operation 
of the key in the circle indicated as "BLOCK B". 
The final operation of the START key is detected at the step S331 in the 
above described circulation processes of the third and fourth loops and 
the program then proceeds through the steps S501 to S504, S537 to S540. At 
that time, the transistor 145 (FIG. 14) is turned on at the step S539. The 
program then proceeds through the steps S320 to S326 (or the steps S320, 
S344 to S349), the steps S328 to S330, S401, S405, S415, S417 to S419, 
S424, S427, S428, S331. The transistor 131 is turned on at the step S417 
and accordingly oscillation of the magnetron 105 is started. 
Insofar as the START key is kept operated, the program proceeds after the 
step S331 to the step S501, whereupon the program proceeds through the 
steps S502, S503 to the step S332 and then returns from the step S333 to 
the step S320. 
When the above described key operation is released, the program proceeds 
after the step S331 through the steps S332, S333 to return to the step 
S320. Thereafter, the program makes alternately circulations of the loop 
including the steps S320, S344 to S349, S328 to S330, S401, S405, S415, 
S417 to S419, S424, S427, S428, S331 to S333 and the loop including the 
steps S320 to S326, S328 to S330, S401, S405, S415, S417 to S419, S424, 
S427, S428, S331 to S333. At the step S418 the content in the TIME1 region 
is subtracted for each second and the content thereof is transferred to 
the DISPLAY region at the step S427, whereby the same is displayed at the 
step S328 as the timer left time period. The program proceeds through the 
step S428, when the display lamp 161a is lighted, whereby it is indicated 
that the displayed content in the display 15 relates to the timer 
operation knob 162a. Since the transistors 145 and 131 are kept on during 
that period, the magnetron 105 is enabled to make continuous oscillation, 
i.e. with 100% duty, thereby to provide a microwave of 600 W. 
If and when the timer time period of "25 minutes" passes, so that the 
timer left time period becomes zero during the above described circulation 
processes, the same is detected at the step S419 and the program proceeds 
through the steps S420 to S426, S331 to S333, S320 to S326 (or the steps 
S320, S344 to S349), the steps S328 to S330, S401, S405 to the step S406. 
More specifically, this means that a microwave strong heat operation for 
25 minutes is terminated. 
The program then proceeds through the steps S407, S409, S410, S424 to S426, 
S331 to S333. Then the program makes alternately circulations of the loop 
including the steps S320 to S326, S328 to S330, S401, S405 to S407, S409, 
S410, S424 to S426, S331 to S333 and the loop including the steps S320, 
S344 to S349, S328 to S330, S401, S405 to S407, S409, S410, S424 to S426, 
S331 to S333. At the step S409, the content in the TIME2 region is 
subtracted for each second and the content thereof is transferred to the 
DISPLAY region at the steps S425, whereby the same is displayed at the 
step S328 as the timer left time period. When the program proceeds through 
the step S426, the display lamp 161b is lighted, whereby it is indicated 
that the displayed content in the display 15 relates to the timer 
operation knob 162b. Since the program proceeds through the step S407, the 
magnetron 15 is enabled to make oscillation with 30% duty, thereby to 
provide a microwave of 180 W. 
When the timer time period of "40 minute" lapses in the above described 
circulation processes, whereby the timer left time period becomes zero, 
the same is detected at the step S410. The program then proceeds through 
the steps S411, S412, S429, S430 to the step S302. As a result, the 
transistors 143, 131 and 145 are all turned off, whereby a microwave weak 
heat operation for 40 minutes is terminated, whereupon it is notified by 
the buzzer 207 (FIG. 14) that all the operations are terminated. 
Thereafter the microwave oven enters into the above described standby state 
and the current time is displayed by the display 15. 
[III] Microwave Weak Heat Operation.fwdarw.Microwave Strong Heat Operation 
Consider a case where a microwave heat operation of a strong output is 
performed after a microwave heat operation of a weak output is performed, 
i.e. in the reversed order as compared with the above described [II] heat 
operation. In such a case, as in the case of the previous example [II], 
suitable timer time periods are set by means of the timer operation knobs 
162a and 162b. Then the MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key, the MICROWAVE STRONG key, 
and the START key are in succession operated. 
Upon operation of the MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key, the program proceeds through 
the steps S507, S523, S525, S526, S529, S530. Upon further operation of 
the MICROWAVE STRONG key, the program proceeds through the steps S505, 
S513, S515, S516, S518, S519. Accordingly, if and when the START key is 
operated in such a case, the same as the previously described example [II] 
applies; however, the order of the heat operation is reversed, so that a 
microwave weak heat operation is first performed with 30% duty, whereupon 
a microwave strong heat operation is performed with 100% duty. 
[IV] Microwave Strong Heat Operation.fwdarw.Heater Heat Operation 
Now consider a case where a heat cooking operation is performed for 20 
minutes with a strong output microwave and then a further heat cooking 
operation is performed for 30 minutes at the temperature of 200.degree. C. 
by means of the heater. As in the case of the previously described example 
[II] timer operation knobs 162a and 162b are set to the graduation 
positions of "20 minutes" and "30 minutes". At the same time the 
temperature adjustment knob 163 is set to the graduation position of 
200.degree. C. and then the MICROWAVE STRONG key, the HEATER key and the 
START key are operated in succession. 
Accordingly, the same processing as the above described example [II] is 
performed at the operation of the MICROWAVE STRONG key. Upon operation of 
the HEATER key the program proceeds through the steps S508, S524 to S528. 
Upon further operation of the START key, as in the case of the previously 
described example [II], first a strong output microwave is generated for 
20 minutes, whereupon the program makes alternately circulations of the 
loop including the steps S320 to S326, S328 to S330, S401, S405, S406, 
S408 to S410, S424 to S426, S331 to S333 and the loop including the steps 
S320, S344 to S349, S328 to S330, S401, S405, S406, S408 to S410, S424 to 
S426, S331 to S333. At that time, as in the previously described examples, 
the timer left time period is displayed and the display lamp 161b is 
lighted. When the program proceeds through the step S406, the heater 137 
is energized if and when the temperature in the cooking chamber 12 (FIG. 
1) is lower than 200.degree. C. and is deenergized when the temperature in 
the cooking chamber 12 (FIG. 1) is higher than 200.degree. C. Accordingly, 
the temperature in the cooking chamber is maintained approximately at 
200.degree. C. 
During the above described circulation processes, when the timer time 
period of "30 minutes" lapses, in the same manner the heater heating 
operation is terminated and it is notified by the buzzer 207 that all the 
operations are terminated, whereupon the microwave oven enters into the 
above described standby state. 
[V] Heater Heating Operation.fwdarw.Microwave Strong Heat Operation 
Now Consider a case where a microwave heat operation is performed with the 
strong output after the heater heat operation is performed, i.e. in the 
reversed order of the above described example [IV]. In such a case, as in 
the case of the previously described example [IV], the timer operation 
knobs 162a and 162b and the temperature adjustment knob 163 are set to 
suitable timer time periods and temperature and then the HEATER key, the 
MICROWAVE STRONG key, and the START key are operated in succession. 
Upon operation of the HEATER key, the program proceeds through the steps 
S508, S524 to S526, S529, S530. Upon further operation of the MICROWAVE 
STRONG key, the program proceeds through the steps S505, S513, S515, S516, 
S518, S519. Accordingly, upon operation of the START key, as in the case 
of the previously described example [IV] but in the reversed order of the 
heat operation, first a heater heat operation is performed and then a 
microwave strong heat operation is performed. 
[VI] Microwave Weak Heat Operation.fwdarw.Heater Heat Operation 
Now consider a case where a heater heat operation is performed after a 
microwave heat operation is performed with the weak output. In such a 
case, as in the previously described examples, the timer time periods and 
the temperature are similarly and suitably set, and whereupon the 
MICROWAVE WEAK(A) key, the HEATER key, and the START key are operated in 
succession, as is readily apparent. 
[VII] Heater Heat Operation.fwdarw.Microwave Weak Heat Operation 
Now consider a case where a microwave heat operation is performed with the 
weak output after a heater heat operation is performed, i.e. in the 
reversed order of the above described example [VI]. In such a case, 
similarly the timer time periods and the temperature are suitably set, 
whereupon the HEATER key, the MICROWAVE WEAK(A) key, and the START key are 
operated in succession, as is readily apparent. 
[VIII] Sole Heat Operation 
Now consider a case where only a microwave heat operation is performed with 
the strong output. In such a case, the timer time period is set by the 
timer operation knob 162a, whereupon the MICROWAVE STRONG key and the 
START key are operated in succession. Now a consider a case where a 
microwave heat operation is performed with the weak output. In such a 
case, a timer time period is set by the timer operation knob 162a, 
whereupon the MICROWAVE WEAK(A) key, and the START key are operated, the 
timer time period is set by the timer operation knob 162a and then the 
MICROWAVE WEAK(B) key and the START key are operated. In order to perform 
a heater heat operation, first the timer operation knob 162b and the the 
timer operation knob 163 are operated to set the time period and the 
temperature, whereupon the HEATER key and the START key are in succession 
operated, as is readily apparent. 
[IX] Clear Operation 
Since the program usually proceeds through the steps S328 and S331, 
irrespective of whether the microwave oven has been performing a heat 
operation, the CLEAR key in the operation portion 16 may be operated at 
any time, when the program proceeds through the steps S331, S501, S502 to 
to return to the step S302, whereupon the microwave unconditionally enters 
into the standby state. 
[X] Interruption of Performance of Heat Operation 
Although opening of the door 14 (FIG. 1) of the microwave oven when the 
microwave oven is not in the heat operation does not affect the control 
operation by the microprocessor by any means, such opening of the door 14 
interrupts the heat operation. 
More specifically, since the program proceeds through the step S401 in the 
course of the heat operation, opening of the door 14 causes the program to 
proceed through the steps S401 to S404. The heat operation is then 
terminated at the step S404, whereupon the program makes circulation of 
the loop including the steps S320 to S326 (or the steps S320, S344 to 
S349) and the steps S328, S329, S360, insofar as the door 14 is kept open, 
whereby the timing operation by the timer is interrupted for that period. 
When the door 14 is closed thereafter, the program makes circulation of the 
loop including the steps S320 to S326 (or the steps S320, S344 to S349), 
the steps S328, S329, S360, S361, S364, S333. When the START key is then 
operated, the program proceeds through the steps S360 to S363, S370 to 
enter to the step S539, whereby the above described heat operation is 
restarted. 
In the above described embodiments, signals are applied to the common 
terminal 27 (FIG. 4) in the timer knobs 162a and 162b and the timer time 
period information was introduced from the first to eighth signal 
terminals 28a to 28h (FIG. 4) to the microprocessor in the form of a 
parallel bit signal; however, alternatively signals are entered into the 
first to eighth signal terminals 28a to 28h, while the timer time period 
information may be introduced from the common terminal 27 into the NT 
region of the microprocessor in the form of serial bit signal. 
In the above described embodiments, the heater heat operation was 
controlled based on the temperature set by the temperature adjustment knob 
163; however, a thermistor circuit for detecting a specific temperature, 
say 250.degree. C., and a key in the circle indicated as "BLOCK B" in the 
operation portion 16 may be added for the purpose of performing a heater 
heat operation by fixing the above described specific temperature to a 
control reference temperature by means of the said key operation. In such 
a case, a thermistor of the above described thermistor circuit may be 
shared with a thermistor of the embodiment. 
Meanwhile, as is apparent from the operation manners of the previously 
described examples [I] to [VII], particularly as apparent from the 
operation manners of the above described examples [I] and [II] described 
in detail, the embodiments have been adapted such that only when the 
positions of the timer operation knobs 162a and 162b are changed the new 
information is set to the TIME1 region and the TIME2 region. More 
specifically, since the program necessarily passes periodically through 
the steps S324 or S347 and the step S332 at the standby state for 
displaying the current time, the state attained after the timer operation 
knobs 162a and 162b are operated, the state attained after the key for a 
heat operation such as the MICROWAVE STRONG key is operated, and the heat 
operation state upon operation of the START key, the new timer time period 
information will be set in the TIME1 region and TIME2 region when the 
position of the timer operation knob is changed. 
Since as described in the foregoing, the embodiment shown is adapted to 
detect a change of timer time period information caused when the timer 
means is displaced, whereupon the new timer time period information is set 
in the above described storing regions, a complicated key operation as in 
the conventional examples is not required in setting the timer time 
period, even if the apparatus is of an electronic controlled type, whereby 
the timer means may be simply operated and set to a desired position. 
Since the same applies even in the course of the above described 
operation, a change to a desired timer time period can be made 
instantaneously, with the result that an operating convenience can be much 
enhanced. 
In the above described example [X], when the door 14 is opened in the 
course of the heat operation and then the timer operation knob 162a or 
162b is operated while the door 14 is opened, then the same is stored at 
the step S327 or S350 in the course of the circulation of the loop 
including the steps S320 to S326 (or the steps S320, S344 to S349) the 
steps S328, S329, S360. When the door 14 is closed, the program proceeds 
through the steps S360, S361, S364, S365, S366 (or S367) and therefore the 
new timer time period information is entered in the OT1 and OT2 regions. 
When the START key is operated thereafter, the program proceeds through 
the steps S362, S363, S370, S539, S540 and S320, whereupon the program 
proceeds to the step S324 or S347. A change of the timer time period 
information is checked at these steps; however, since the new timer time 
period information by the operation of the above described timer operation 
knob has been loaded in the OT1 or OT2 region at the step S366 or S367, it 
is determined at the step S324 or S347 that there is no change and the 
program proceeds through the step S330 to the step S401, whereupon a heat 
operation is restarted. Accordingly, as described in the foregoing, even 
if the door is opened in the course of the heat operation and the timer 
operation knob 162a or 162b is moved while the door is opened, such change 
is disregarded. 
Although in the above described embodiments a specific generator as shown 
in FIGS. 5A and 5B was employed as the signal generator 20, such may be of 
a simpler structure. 
FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the signal 
generator for use in the present invention. The signal generator 20 
comprises a variable resistor VR, an analog/digital converter ADC and a 
gate G. One end of the variable resistor VR is connected to the ground and 
the other end thereof is connected to receive a voltage Vc. Although not 
shown, the sliding contact of the variable resistor VR is coupled to a 
shaft provided to be rotatable or displaceable in association with an 
operation of the timer operation knob 19, 162a or 162b, such as the 
operation shaft 21 shown in FIG. 4, for example. A voltage drop across the 
variable resistor VR is applied to the analog/digital converter ADC. The 
analog/digital converter ADC serves to convert the magnitude of the given 
voltage to an associated digital signal. The analog/digital converter ADC 
is structured to provide the above described digital signal in the form of 
the Gray code, as previously described in conjunction with FIG. 5A. To 
that end, the analog/digital converter ADC may comprise a code converting 
means. The Gray code signal of 8 bits obtained from the analog/digital 
converter ADC is applied to the gate G. The gate G is also supplied with a 
pulse signal obtained from the output terminal OD6 (or OD7) of the 
microprocessor. More specifically, the gate G is responsive to the signal 
from the output terminal OD6 (or OD7) to be enabled, whereby the digital 
signal of 8 bits or the code signal obtained from the analog/digital 
converter ADC is applied to the input terminals IT1 to IT8 of the 
microprocessor in a bit parallel fashion at that timing. According to the 
FIG. 16 embodiment, it is not necessary to form the complicated conductive 
pattern 26 (FIG. 5A) and as a result a timer time period entry means can 
be implemented with a simple structure. 
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in 
detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration 
and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit 
and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the 
appended claims.