Circuit breaker lock out - multi-pole

Separate parts slidably fitted together, that have opposed and interfacing cavity surfaces forming a cavity therebetween. The device is fitted to ganged switches, with the switch levers, and tie bar, positioned in the cavity. a screw draws the parts together, with the cavity surfaces that form the cavity, gripping the switch levers and bar therebetween.

CROSS REFERENCE 
My prior and copending application Ser. No. 07/813,341 filed Dec. 24, 1991. 
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The invention resides in the broad field of controlling circuit breakers in 
an electrical system. In the control of an electrical system, it is often 
desired to block out certain circuit breakers to de-energize corresponding 
circuits, when work is to be done in or around the circuits. In such 
electrical circuit systems, very often a plurality of circuit breakers are 
utilized in a single location. Sometimes it is desired to block out only a 
single circuit breaker, but many times it is desired to block out more 
than one. The present invention is directed to the latter situation, where 
circuit breakers are so disposed next to each other, and it is desired to 
block out for example two such juxtaposed circuit breakers. The device of 
the present invention is constructed and operable for blocking out two 
adjacent circuit breakers, and is known as a multi-pole lock out. 
In this field circuit breakers are often also referred to as switches. They 
include control levers or tongues that are manually actuated for throwing 
the switches between ON and OFF positions. The device disclosed and 
claimed in my prior patent application identified above, is also a 
multi-pole device, but the device of the present invention differs from 
that prior device in that the present device includes what may be 
characterized as a body made up of a pair of main parts, and is applied to 
the switch by fitting those main parts together in such a position that 
they mechanically grip and hold the levers in position. 
In devices of this general nature, a cavity is provided for receiving the 
control levers of the circuit breakers, and a broad object of the 
invention is to provide such a device which includes a single such cavity 
that accommodates all sizes of control levers, within a wide range. 
Another broad object of the invention is to provide a device of the above 
general character, in which the parts have opposed cavity surfaces that 
are movable toward each other to form the cavity, and they grip the switch 
actuating lever and securely hold them in a blocked out position. The 
cavity is actually reduced in size in this action, from a beginning 
maximum size progressively to a smaller size for gripping the actuating 
levers. 
A further advantage of the invention is that a single device may be placed 
in either of opposite positions corresponding to opposite ON and OFF 
positions, eliminating the need for a plurality of different lock outs for 
the different positions of the actuating lever. 
Another advantage of the invention relates to a certain standard item 
utilized in multi-pole arrangements. In the customary control of two 
adjacent circuit breakers, a tie bar is utilized, secured to the actuating 
levers of the two circuit breakers. This tie bar stretches across the 
space between the levers, and forms a hole or space between itself and the 
upper surface of the circuit breakers. Heretofore it has been customary, 
in the use of various kinds of lock outs, to use a tie wrap to tie the 
lock out device to the tie bar, as added security against removing the 
lock out from the circuit breakers. The advantage of the present 
invention, related to this situation, is that the device eliminates the 
need for such a tie wrap, since the securement of the device to the 
circuit breakers is strong and effective, without such a tie wrap. 
A more specific object of the invention is to provide an advantage in 
effective securement to the circuit breakers, in that adjustable means, 
such as a threaded screw, is utilized for tightening the parts of the main 
body against the control levers, such securement being increased as the 
securing means is drawn up. 
A still further object is to provide a lock out of the foregoing nature, 
having an additional feature of a novel arrangement for applying an 
extraneous lock, such as a padlock.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION 
Before entering into a detail description of the device itself, it is 
desired to make reference to the circuit breakers, or switches, with which 
the device is to be used. For this purpose attention is directed to FIG. 3 
which shows a plurality of switches, two in this case, that are to be 
controlled together in a gang, i.e., as distinguished from a single 
switch. As mentioned above, many times it is desired that when one portion 
of a circuit controlled by one switch, is out of commission, associated 
switches must be opened or disabled. FIG. 3 shows two such switches 17 
placed together. Each switch has an individual front panel 18, and when 
the switches are so placed, the individual front panels lie in a common 
main front panel 19. The switches have actuating levers or tongues 20 
extending through the individual front panels, and are on a common 
longitudinal line 21, and are swingable on an axis 22 parallel with the 
line 21 and disposed adjacent the main front panel. The switch levers have 
side surfaces 20a, 20b, and end surfaces 20c. A tie bar 23 of known kind 
is shown somewhat diagrammatically, and basically is in the form of an 
inverted channel fitted over the actuating levers of the adjacent 
switches, and is held or locked thereon in a known manner not pertinent in 
the present instance. The tie bar when so utilized is spaced from the main 
front panel, and it thereby provides a space or opening 24 which is 
utilized as a locking hole between itself and the switches. In the use of 
the device of the present invention, a locking lug is positioned in that 
space, as will be brought out in detail hereinbelow. 
The terms lock out and block out are sometimes used interchangeably in this 
field, in referring to devices of this kind, although lock out is used 
generally herein. 
Referring in detail to the construction of the lock out device of the 
invention it is shown in its entirety at 25 and includes three parts 26, 
27, 28. The following description is based on the device being oriented as 
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but it may be used in other positions, and in such 
other positions the description is to be interpreted accordingly. For 
convenience the device is considered as having a longitudinal direction as 
indicated by the axis 29, and has a front end as observed in the position 
of the arrow 31. The device thus has a front end 32, a rear end 34, and 
left side 36, and a right side 38. The device as oriented as referred to, 
has a bottom surface 40 which lies in, or substantially in, a plane and 
has a top side 42. 
The parts 26, 27 form front and rear parts, separate from each other, as 
illustrated, and are fitted together to form a unitary body or member, 
being secured together by the screw 28, and drawn up tight thereby in 
gripping position on the switch lever as referred to again hereinbelow. 
Referring to the specific mechanical construction of the parts 26, 27, each 
of these is a separate molded piece. They are of suitable plastic 
material, of presently known kind. 
The front part 26, includes a front element 44 having a broad front 
surface, and determining the width of the device. This front element is 
plate-like in shape and has side holes 46 for receiving an extraneous 
locking element as referred to hereinbelow. The front part also has a 
longitudinal central hole 48 for receiving the screw 28 in a sliding fit. 
The front part 26, rearwardly of the front element 44 includes a vertical 
central piece 50, of substantial thickness, and through which the hole 48 
extends. This piece 50 has a rear vertical surface 52, leading downwardly 
into a diagonal surface 54 which forms the top surface of the cavity to be 
formed, for receiving the switch lever as referred to hereinbelow. The 
piece 50 continues downwardly integral with the front element 44, and has 
a bottom surface 55 lying in the bottom surface 40 of the device as a 
whole. The part 26 also includes a plate element 56 of substantial width 
and inclined to the vertical. This plate 56 has a rear surface 58 which 
constitutes one side of the cavity referred to, and it is pointed out that 
this cavity surface is disposed at an angle relative to the inclined 
surface 54, preferably at a right angle, although this particular angular 
relationship is not critical. 
The front part 26 also includes a top element 60 constituting a slide of 
inverted T-shape, including a horizontal element 62 and a vertical top 
element. This slide 60 is of substantial length, sufficient to extend 
substantially through the rear part 27, in horizontal direction, when the 
device is applied to the switch. 
The rear part 27 includes a main or central solid portion 66 and side legs 
68 terminating downwardly in the bottom surface 40. At the top the rear 
part has an inverted T-shape slot 70, forming a guide, extending 
longitudinally therethrough, having a lower wide portion 72 opening 
upwardly at 73, for slidingly receiving the slide 60. 
The rear part 27 (FIG. 4), in its front surface has a forwardly facing 
vertical recess or groove 74 having an inner or bottom surface 78. This 
recess is dimensioned for receiving the vertical central piece 50 of the 
front part. 
The rear part 27 has a front element 82 with a front cavity surface 84 
which constitutes the opposite side of the cavity from the cavity surface 
58, this element 82 having a transverse dimension similar to the element 
56. At the bottom of the cavity surface 84 is a bottom lug or toe 86 
extending generally forwardly and having an inclined upper surface 88. The 
cavity surfaces 84, 58 are preferably substantially parallel, and 
therefore substantially perpendicular to the top inclined 54 which becomes 
the top of the cavity. The relationship between the various elements of 
the two parts will be referred to again hereinbelow. 
The cavity referred to now identified as 85 (FIGS. 5 and 6) is formed by 
the three surfaces 54, 58, 84, and the cavity as indicated by its central 
axis 90 is inclined at an acute angle 92 to the horizontal. This 
relationship is of significance in applying the device to the switch, and 
it is pointed out that bottom lug 86 extends from the cavity surface 84 
into the cavity in the acute angle 92, as opposed to the external obtuse 
angle 94. 
The rear part 27 has a longitudinal hole 96 therethrough internally 
threaded, and in applying the device to the switches, the screw 28 is slid 
through the hole 48 and then threaded into the hole 96 for drawing the 
parts up together. 
The screw 28 may be made of any suitable material, such as for example 
having a metal threaded stem 98, and a head 100 of any suitable material, 
such as plastic. Preferably the head has a diametrical gripping blade 102, 
and side holes 104 which register with the side holes 46 in the front 
element 44, when the screw is turned up to appropriate position. In so 
applying the device to the switch, the two parts are drawn up tight, and 
as a security against unwarranted removal of the device from the switches, 
an extraneous lock 106, (FIGS. 13, 14), such as a padlock is utilized. The 
locking element 108 of the padlock is inserted through aligned holes 104, 
46, and locked, preventing removal of the screw. 
This arrangement of elements in the screw and front part, for locking, 
provide an advantage in positioning the padlock. In this situation, the 
padlock, when applied to the device and hanging therefrom, as illustrated, 
lies substantially in a vertical plane parallel with the longitudinal axis 
29 of the device, serving as a convenience in handling the device and the 
padlock. It will be noted that the padlock in this case is positioned at 
the side, as contrasted with being positioned at the front. This 
arrangement is contrasted with devices known heretofore in which such 
padlock is positioned at the front of the device, and disposed in a 
transverse direction. 
In applying the device to the switches, the front and rear parts are fitted 
together with the slide 60 fitted in the guide or slot 70, loosely. For 
this purpose the screw 28 may be withdrawn, or at least backed off. In 
such position, the two parts are fitted over the switch levers and tie bar 
(FIG. 3), the latter being received in the cavity 85 formed by the two 
parts (FIG. 5). In the initial handling of the parts, they are spaced 
apart such that the cavity is not yet actually formed, but as they are 
pushed toward each other, the cavity surfaces 58, 84 move toward each 
other, and the central piece 50 enters into the recess 74. At this point 
the two cavity surfaces mentioned, are on opposite sides of the switch 
lever, and the inclined surface 54 together with those cavity surfaces 
form the cavity that opens downwardly. As the two parts are moved toward 
each other, they are merely slid by hand, as a convenience, and when they 
are moved up to engage the switch levers, the screw then is turned up to 
mechanically draw the parts tight against the switch levers. Although the 
cavity surfaces 58, 84 actually engage the tie bar, it may be considered 
that they engage the actuating levers themselves, and for convenience it 
may be stated that they engage the tie bar/switch levers. 
The cavity actually changes in dimensions, that is, the three cavity 
surfaces 54, 58, 84 are actually drawn inwardly, reducing the dimensions 
of the cavity. The two surfaces 58, 84 are moved toward each other, and as 
the vertical piece 50 moves into the recess, it moves in a direction 
parallel with the bottom surface, and thus the top inclined surface 54 as 
an entirety moves along a line parallel to that surface. Because of the 
inclination of the top surface, the higher portion moves into the recess, 
and the lower portion, progressively, moves, relative to the surface 84, 
toward the opposite side of the cavity, and the lower portion is closer to 
the bottom surface and thus the cavity is reduced in height. Therefore the 
cavity is reduced in both dimensions, horizontally and vertically, as the 
two main parts 26, 27, are drawn up, toward each other. 
As indicated above, the bottom lug 86 is inserted under the tie bar and it 
is in position to produce a positive engagement therewith, preventing the 
device from being withdrawn from the switches. As a feature separate from 
this positive engagement, and as in the case of the device of my prior 
application identified above, the different elements of the device engage 
both the switch levers and the top surfaces of the circuit breakers, and 
in this way also produce a binding effect that restrains the device from 
being removed from the circuit breaker. 
As is well known, in circuit breakers of this general type, the switch 
lever in each of the ON and OFF positions, is at an acute angle, and the 
cavity 85 in the lock out is at substantially the same acute angle. Most 
often the switches are locked out in OFF position, and the lock out device 
is applied thereto in corresponding position. However, if it should be 
desired to lock it out in ON position, then the device is merely turned 
end for end and applied to the switch in the same manner. 
Because the cavity in the device is of variable size, i.e., as the parts 
are drawn together, a single lock out device is applicable to switches of 
different sizes, thus eliminating the need for a plurality of lock out 
devices of different sizes for different size switches. This feature is of 
great significance also in connection with the tie bar which is of greater 
thickness than the switch levers themselves, and the main parts of the 
device can be drawn up against the tie bar with great effectiveness. The 
locking and blocking actions produce great effect, because of the great 
mechanical gripping action of the cavity surfaces against the tie bar, and 
thus against the levers. The elements of the device that actually engage 
the tie bar are part of a relatively massive construction, minimizing, if 
not actually eliminating, likelihood to breaking or weakening of the parts 
that directly grip the switches. 
The arrangement whereby the cavity surfaces are bodily moved into 
engagement with the switch elements, eliminates the requirement, as in 
previous devices, for a filler element to be applied to the switch levers 
in the cases where the cavities were of relatively indeterminate size, 
although usually greater in size than the switch levers, because of 
predetermined design relative to the related parts, and thus the drawing 
up of the cavity surfaces, as in the present case, overcomes any 
inaccuracies in predetermining the size of the cavity. 
An important feature of the device is the two parts 26, 27, constituting 
nearly the whole portion of the mechanical construction. These parts are 
somewhat block-like in structure, and correspondingly relatively massive, 
and thereby produce a strong gripping effect. The use of the screw 28 for 
drawing up the parts 26, 27 produces a very strong mechanical action, and 
eliminates the need for extraneous tools, and the tie wrap of my previous 
application identified above. 
The device also is very adaptable to incorporation of yieldable material 
for additional gripping effect on switch levers. For such feature 
attention is directed to FIG. 15. In this construction, a yieldable lining 
110 is applied to the cavity surfaces. This lining is of rubber-like 
character, and preferably of plastic material chemically compatible with 
the plastic material of the device itself, and thermally bondable 
therewith. The method of dual durometer high pressure injection, which is 
well known, may be utilized in applying this lining. In drawing up the 
parts of the device, this lining 110 grips the switch levers and because 
of the yieldable character thereof, produces a better gripping action and 
adapts well to switch levers of different sizes, with the additional 
feature that if any uncontrolled different sizes occur, in the switch 
levers, they are accommodated by this material. It is also practical to 
provide recess formations 112 adjacent the inner end of the cavity for 
receiving corresponding enlargements on the switch lever, for producing a 
greater gripping effect. If desired the material 110 can also be applied 
to the top cavity surface 54, as indicated at 114. 
FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show different sizes of cavities; these figures being 
devoid of details, for convenience. In FIG. 15 the cavity is of medium 
size in which the interfacing edges of the parts are coincident. In FIG. 
16, those edges are spaced apart, forming a larger cavity, and in FIG. 17, 
they overlap and form a smaller cavity. In these figures, the cavities are 
considered to have a depth or length 116, and a width or transverse 
dimension 118. They also have a vertical dimension 120. Thus, the depth 
and transverse dimensions vary, as does the vertical dimension 120.