Ball game practice apparatus

The invention relates to a ball game practice apparatus, particularly for tennis practice, comprising a ball catching assembly (2) and a ball collecting assembly (3), which in its turn comprises at least a first chute (30) beneath the ball catching assembly, said ball catching assembly being connected with a ball propulsion assembly (5) via a ball feeding assembly (4). A characteristic feature of the invention is that in the ball collecting assembly (3) between the chute (30) and the ball catching assembly (2) there is a damping device (32), through which the balls must pass and which damps the falling speed of the balls to prevent them from leaving the ball collecting assembly (3) by rebounding from the bottom (33) of the chute. Another characteristic feature of the invention is further that the bottom of said at least first chute (30) consists of a plane, preferably sloping only in the longitudinal direction of the chute.

TECHNICAL FIELD 
The present invention relates to a ball game practice apparatus, 
particularly for tennis practice, comprising a ball catching assembly and 
a ball collecting assembly, which in turn comprises at least a first chute 
beneath the ball catching assembly, the ball catching assembly being 
connected with a ball propulsion assembly via a ball feeding assembly. The 
balls are propelled from the ball propulsion assembly and are returned by 
the player towards the ball catching assembly, wherefrom the balls via the 
ball collecting assembly and the ball propulsion assembly are again 
forwarded for propulsion. 
BACKGROUND ART 
A practice device of the kind referred to in the preamble is known from the 
Swedish patent specification No. 366919. This shows a ball catching 
assembly connected to a ball feeding assembly, from which balls are 
dropped down against a rebound surface. The rebound surface is tilted 
inwards towards the ball catching assembly, such that a ball which is 
dropped from above with the aid of the ball feeding assembly will bounce 
out from the practice apparatus towards the player. 
The known ball catching assembly consists of a canvas against which the 
balls are directed and from which the balls will fall down into a funnel 
shaped space having an outlet opening. A disadvantage with this known ball 
catching assembly is that the balls tend to prevent themselves from 
falling down through the outlet opening, towards which opening they roll 
from two opposite directions. 
Instead of dropping the balls against a rebound surface it is also known to 
propel the balls with the aid of compressed air through a propulsion tube, 
as is described e.g. in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,584,614 and the European 
patent specification No. A1 0043886. 
Training apparatuses of the type mentioned in the preamble are described 
also in the German patent publication No. 2456997. According to an 
embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 the ball collecting assembly consists of 
a chute of flexible material and having a rounded bottom. The ball 
catching device consists of canvas which directs the balls such that they 
will fall down into the chute. Although the chute consists of a flexible 
material, it cannot be avoided that balls frequently rebound upwards and 
out of the chute. Further, balls which follow the rear side of the chute 
may roll down with such a speed along the rear side that they will proceed 
up over the front edge and in that way escape from the chute. Another 
drawback with the rounded design, which has been proved during the 
development of the present invention, is that balls can be jammed towards 
one another and in that way fasten on their route along the bottom of the 
chute towards the feeding-out opening, and this tendency can even be 
greater if the chute is made of a flexible material. FIGS. 14 and 15 in 
the German patent publication No. 2456998 illustrate another embodiment 
of a training apparatus according to the preamble. In this case, it is 
true that the bottom of the chute is essentially flat, which may prevent 
said jamming of the balls. In order to prevent the rebound effect, the 
bottom of the chute, however, has been made of a network with sufficiently 
small mesh size in order to prevent the balls from passing through. A 
material of this type is not a good roll bed for the balls with the result 
that the balls may be prevented from rolling to the feeding-out opening in 
the lowest located point of the chute. Evidently, in order to prevent the 
balls from rebounding out from the chute over the net, the chute has also 
been made very broad, which is not a good solution, since it would take a 
considerable space from the training court at the same time as the 
practice apparatus will be difficult to stow away when it is not in use. 
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
It is an objective of the invention to provide a ball game practice 
apparatus which does not have the drawbacks of known ball game practice 
apparatuses referred to above. According to a first aspect of the 
invention there is a damping device in the ball collecting assembly 
between the chute and the ball catching assembly. The balls have to pass 
this damping device which reduces their velocity of fall. The damping 
device also will prevent the balls from escaping from the ball collecting 
assembly by rebounding from the bottom of the chute. According to a second 
aspect of the invention there is a feature of the invention that the 
bottom of the chute consists of a flat gradient plane of a comparatively 
hard and stiff material, and wherein the bottom of the chute is inclined 
preferably only in the longitudinal direction of the chute. Preferably the 
bottom breadth of said at least first, flat chute corresponds to between 3 
and 12 ball diameters, preferably to between 4 and 10 ball diameters. Ball 
diameter in this connection relates to the diameter of those balls for 
which the apparatus is designed. 
According to a preferred embodiment the damping device consists of a net 
stretched out at a distance above the bottom of the chute, the meshes of 
the net being somewhat but not much wider than the ball diameter. It is 
therefore unlikely that a ball would fall through the net without touching 
the net. Still less likely is the possibility that a ball would rebound 
from the inclined bottom passing through the net again without first being 
damped by touching the net. As a matter of fact the likelyhood is so small 
that it can be neglected. 
Also other damping devices than nets are in principle conceivable. Among 
such possibly conceivable devices may be mentioned lines (ropes) stretched 
out above the chute in the longitudinal direction of the chute as well as 
in its transversal direction so that the lines will form a net pattern. 
Further, one can conceive replacing the net by lamellae which extend 
preferably transversally over the chute, slightly inclined relative to the 
vertical direction. 
By preventing rebounds from the collecting assembly by means of the damping 
device, which is integrated in the collecting assembly, one has according 
to the invention got free hands as far as directing the balls down into 
the collecting assembly is concerned. This implies i.a. that one can allow 
the balls to drop from the highest level in the catching assembly down 
towards the collecting assembly without having to count with fatal 
rebounds. Therefore it is convenient that the catching assembly comprises 
a wall of comparatively flexible material and that this wall has a smaller 
inclination against the horizontal direction in its upper part than its 
lower part, wherethrough it can be prevented that the balls will rebound 
out from the wall so far that they will miss the collecting assembly below 
the wall. 
A preferred embodiment of the apparatus is further characterized in that 
the first chute runs into a second chute having rounded bottom, that the 
second chute slopes towards a ball feeding-out opening, and that the first 
chute is substantially longer than the second one. Suitable the two chutes 
slopes towards one another such that they meet in the lowest point of the 
collecting assembly where the feeding-out opening in a manner per se is 
located. The damping device covers also the second chute. 
According to the embodiment a ball accumulator is further provided between 
the feeding-out opening and the ball feeding assembly. This by way of 
example may consist of an inclined tube. The balls may be propelled from a 
propulsion tube by the aid of an air pressure provided by means of an air 
exhauster via a pressure chamber. The ball feeding-in device by way of 
example can be located adjacent to the ball feeding-out opening and may 
have the form of a turnstile with flexible arms.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The training apparatus according to the invention has been generally 
designated 1 in the drawings. It consists of the following parts, namely a 
ball catching assembly 2, FIG. 1, a ball collecting assembly 3, FIG. 3, a 
ball feeding assembly and a ball propulsion assembly 5. The practice 
apparatus 1 is erected on a rack or framework 6, which mainly consists of 
metal sheet and sheet metal profiles. Other parts in the apparatus 1 
mainly consists of canvas or other flexible material. 
In the framework 6 a lower portion has been designated 7. This consists of 
a left-hand and a right-hand side panel 8 and 9, respectively. Four wheels 
mounted on the side sheets have been designated 10. A bottom sheet has 
been designated 11. Vertical posts are mounted in the corners of the lower 
portion 7. Mounting posts 12, which can be raised and lowered in the 
vertical direction extend from the corner posts in the lower portion 7, in 
which they are telescopically mounted. The mounting posts 12 can be locked 
in desired position by the aid of knob screws which are not shown in the 
drawings. At the upper end, each mounting post 12 is provided with a 
horizontal transverse beam 13 extending at a right angle rearwards. 
Between the transversal beam 13 there extend two upper canvas rods, a 
front canvas rod 14 and a rear canvas rod 15 in the same horizontal plane. 
A lower front canvas rod 16 can be telescopically moved on the mounting 
posts 12 via sleeves 17 in the ends of said rod 16 and can be locked in 
desired position by the aid of screws which have not been shown. A rear, 
lower canvas rod 18, not visible in FIG. 2, is mounted in the rear part of 
the lower portion 7 at a level which is somewhat lower than that of the 
lower front canvas rod 16. Details 12-18 constitute the frame-work of the 
ball catching assembly 2. This consists of a rear catching canvas 20, a 
pair of side canvases 21 and a roof canvas 22. Between the side panels 8 
and 9 and under the lower front canvas rod 16 there is a lower front 
catching canvas 23 and ahead of this a tennis net 24. Further, there are 
two wings 25, which also consist of canvas. The wings 25 can hang in the 
mounting posts 12 by means of fastening members which can be put down into 
the mounting posts from above and be pivoted in these posts, so that the 
wings can be turned to desired angular positions. 
The rear catching canvas 20 and the side canvases 21 consist of a fine mesh 
or perforated, comparatively heavy curtain material of the type used for 
partition purposes in sport halls. Because air can pass through the 
material the damping effect is improved in spite of the fact that the 
material is heavy. 
The side canvases 21 are mounted on the mounting posts 12 such that they 
with their front portions extend from the outside around the front side of 
the mounting posts 12 and thereafter obliquely rearwards-inwards with 
portions 27 which are obliquely turned inwards. These portions 27 can 
catch balls which may follow the inside of the side canvases 21 towards 
the playing area, a tendency which thus can be prevented by the portions 
27, such that the balls instead are caught by these portions and directed 
down into the ball collecting assembly 3. 
The lower portion 7 is a welded construction. In other respects the entire 
apparatus 1 can be dismantled in order to facilitate transport and 
storage. 
The rear catching canvas 20 is inclined somewhat forwards such that caught 
balls will fall down into the ball collecting assembly 3. 75.degree. is a 
suitable angle of elevation. High balls may be more difficult to direct 
down into the collecting assembly 3, as this is comparatively narrow; 
according to the embodiment 50 cm. There are a number of conceivable 
methods which can solve this problem. For example a valance 26 may hang 
freely down from the angle between the rear catching canvas 20 and the 
roof canvas 22. Alternatively, an upper portion 20' of the rear catching 
canvas may be inclined under a smaller angle of elevation than the lower 
main portion of the catching canvas 20. 60.degree. is a suitable angle of 
elevation for this upper portion 20'. 
The ball collecting assembly 3 comprises a first chute 30, a second chute 
31 and a damper in the form of a net 32, which is stretched horizontally 
over the chutes 30, 31 about 12 cm under the upper border 28 of the tennis 
net 24. The upper portion of the tennis net, which extends beyond the 
damper, has been designated 29. 
The first chute 30 extends from the left-hand side panel 8 in a direction 
towards the other side panel 9 and has a length corresponding to 2/3 of 
the distance between the side panels 8 and 9. The second chute 31 extends 
from the right-hand side panel 9 and meets the first chute 30. 
Consequently, it has a length corresponding to 1/3 of the distance between 
the two side panels. The two chutes 30 and 31 are made from metal sheet 
and are covered with cloth on the inside. The first chute 30 has a flat 
bottom 33 and flat, inwardly sloping sides 34. The total length of the 
first chute 30 is about 2 m with a total drop of about 10 cm. The sloping 
angle thus is about 3.degree.. Both smaller and larger sloping angles can 
be tolerate. The smallest sloping angle, however, should not be less than 
1.degree. and preferably not less than 2.degree., while the largest 
sloping angle should not be larger than 6.degree. and suitably not larger 
than 5.degree.. The total breadth of the chutes 30 and 31 according to the 
embodiment is about 50 cm. 
The bottom 35 of the second chute 31 is rounded. It slopes from the 
right-hand side panel 9 in a direction towards the first chute 30 under a 
substantially larger sloping angle than the first chute 30. The total drop 
on a length of 1 m is about 20 cm according to the embodiment. The angle 
of inclination thus is about 12.degree.. Generally the bottom of the 
second chute should have an angle of inclination which is 2 a 6 times as 
large as that of the first chute 30. The second chute 31 is terminated by 
an end wall 36 beneath the lower edge 37 of the first chute 30. In the end 
wall 36 there is a feeding-out opening 38 for balls and ahead of this 
feeding-out opening there is a feeding-out device in the form of a 
turnstile 39 with a vertical axis of rotation 40 and with four foldable 
arms 41 made of rubber. The feeding-out turnstile 39 can be rotated in the 
horizontal plane via the rotation axis 40 by means of a motor which has 
not been shown. Preferably the rotation is made oscillating a half to a 
whole revolution in each direction. 
The net 32 covers the chutes 30 and 31 completely and is stretched 
horizontally over the chutes at a height of about 12 cm above the highest 
point of the chutes 30, 31 adjacent to the two side panels 8, 9. The mesh 
size is somewhat--5 a 10%--larger than the diameter of a tennis ball, 
which means that balls only exceptionally will pass through the net 
without touching it. 
The feeding-out opening 38 and the turnstile 39 are parts of the 
feeding-out assembly, which also includes a ball accumulator in the form 
of an inclined tube 43, which extends between the feeding-out opening 38 
and a feeding-out apparatus 44. Further, the feeding-out assembly includes 
an air exhauster (blowing fan) which is connected to the feeding-out 
apparatus 44 which will be described more in detail together with the 
description of the mode of operation of the apparatus. 
The propulsion assembly 5, FIG. 2, includes a propulsion tube 50, which is 
connected to the feeding-out apparatus 44 via a ball conduit 51. The 
propulsion tube 50 can be pivoted sidewards about a vertical axis on a 
bottom support 52 and can be directed in different elevations against the 
horizontal plane by means of a not shown friction lever on the bottom 
support 52. The sidewards pivoting movement can be provided by means of a 
crank mechanism 53, which is powered by an electric motor via a not shown 
gear wheel. The propulsion tube 50 is connected to the ball conduit 51 via 
a tube bellow 54. The propulsion tube 50 projects through an opening in 
the centre of the lower front catching canvas 23 and a corresponding 
opening 55 in the tennis net 24. The opening in the catching canvas 23 is 
sealed by a funnel-like canvas portion connected to the rear part of the 
propulsion tube 50. 
The mode of operation of the above described apparatus 1 will now be 
explained. Balls are returned in the first place against the rear catching 
canvas 20. Balls missing the canvas 20 may be caught by the wings 25, 
which are angled such that the balls will be directed towards the catching 
canvas or directly into the collecting assembly 3. Balls which however do 
not reach over the tennis net 24 will remain on the "player's half of the 
court" in the same mode as in normal tennis. Balls which however pass over 
the net 24 will be caught by the ball catching assembly 2, i.e. by the 
rear catching canvas 20, the side canvas 21 including its obliquely 
inwardly turned portions 27, the roof canvas 22 and the wings 25, such 
that the caught balls will be directed down towards the ball collecting 
assembly 3. 
In the ball collecting assembly 3 the balls will first meet the 
horizontally stretched damping net 32 which damps the speed of the balls 
before they pass through the net. The velocity of fall thus has been 
reduced when the balls hit the bottom of either the first chute 30 or the 
second chute 31 which are both hard. As the chutes are hard, the balls 
will rebound, although the velocity has been reduced. In the case of high 
rebounds, the balls will contact the damping net again, this time from 
beneath, but the velocity now as a rule is so low that the balls will not 
pass through the net once again. The net in other words operates as a 
"back valve" for tennis balls. If this back valve function in exceptional 
cases would not work, so that a ball would rebound back through the net 
32, one can also under these extraordinary circumstances expect that the 
ball again will fall down upon the net and through it. The balls thus will 
land either in the first chute 30 or in the second chute 31. If they land 
in the latter one, they will quickly collect in its bottom portion. If 
they on the other hand land in the first chute 30, which represents the 
main part of the breadth of the entire apparatus, they will roll down 
towards the second chute 31 at a considerably slower rate. As this first 
chute 30 is flat and broad, each ball will follow its own rolling path 
along the bottom 33 of the chute, which prevents the balls from jamming 
under their route along the chute 30. 
All balls therefore sooner or later will collect in the bottom of the 
bucket shaped chute 31. The oscillating turnstile 39 is provided in the 
bottom of said chute ahead of the feeding out opening 38. By the aid of 
oscillating movement of the turnstile 39 the balls will be fed one by one 
through the feeding-out opening 38 to the inclined ball tube 43, where 12 
to 15 balls can be accumulated as a buffer in the system. From the 
accumulator tube 43 the balls are forwarded into the feeding-out apparatus 
44 via an opening 56 in the side wall of an entrance chamber 57, FIG. 6. 
There the balls land on an intermediate spring partition 58 which is 
provided with longitudinal slots, not shown, in which a lattice shaped 
pusher means 58 can proceed. The pusher 58 advance the balls one by one 
through an opening 60 in the rear wall of a pressure chamber 61, which is 
supplied with compressed air from the blowing fan 45. The ball passes a 
valve 62 and rolls down along a sloping bottom 63, which at the same time 
as it slopes downwards also slopes at side towards the right-hand side of 
the chamber, which is provided with a blowing-out opening 64, to which the 
ball conduit 51 is connected. By gravitation the balls are thus directed 
one by one in the ball conduit 51. As soon as a ball enters the ball 
conduit 51, a counter-pressure is built up in the air in the pressure 
chamber 61, and thereby the valve 62 is shut. The air pressure increases 
until the ball is brought to move through the ball conduit 51, in order to 
be finally propelled through the propulsion tube 50. A new ball is 
thereafter brought to the pressure chamber 61 by means of a pusher, 
whereupon the procedure is repeated.