Sensor board for luminaire/lighting system

According to some embodiments, a sensor board may be used with a luminaire. The sensor board may include an environment sensor disposed on a first side of the sensor board to function in a first direction and a color sensor disposed on a second side of the sensor board to function in a second direction. The environment sensor may include an adjustable lens assembly. The environment sensor and the color sensor may be oriented 180° apart from each on the sensor board and the first direction may be oriented 180° apart from the second direction.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

As described herein, a sensor board for a lighting system that includes multiple sensors affixed to the sensor board.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

A lighting system may provide illumination that is based on time (e.g., when a user is present) and may be based on location (e.g., lighting a particular area in which a user is interested in occupying or intends to occupy). For example, the lighting system may primarily light an area of a room where a user is located or an area that a user has selected to occupy. Such targeted lighting may be advantageous because it can greatly reduce power consumption compared to conventional lighting systems.

Many lighting system or luminaires employ light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for at least some of the lighting. LEDs are advantageous because they are generally more energy efficient than incandescent or fluorescent lights. A lighting system may include one or more LED lights, one or more fluorescent lights, one or more incandescent lights and a sensor unit. The sensor unit receives light from a light source based on a type of sensor being used and the sensor unit may be affected by false ambient light readings. Accordingly, there is a need for a sensor unit for a luminaire to help eliminate false ambient light readings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The present embodiments relates to a sensor board for a luminaire/lighting system. The sensor board may include an environment sensor disposed on a first side of the sensor board to function in a first direction and a color sensor disposed on a second side of the sensor board to function in a second direction. The environment sensor and the color sensor may be oriented 180° apart from each on the sensor board. Furthermore, the first direction may be oriented 180° apart from the second direction.

Furthermore, the present embodiments may relate to a sensor board for use with a luminaire where the sensor board includes a camera disposed on a first side of the sensor board and facing away from a luminaire. The sensor board may further include a color sensor disposed on a second side of the sensor board to face towards the luminaire. The camera and the color sensor may be oriented 180° apart from each on the sensor board and a direction of the camera may be oriented 180° apart from a direction of the color sensor. These and other advantages will be apparent from the present application of the embodiments described herein.

Various features, aspects, and advantages of the embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description, along with the accompanying figures in which like numerals represent like components throughout the figures and text. The various described features are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are drawn to emphasize specific features relevant to some embodiments.

The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims. To facilitate understanding, reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate like elements common to the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The term “module” as used herein refers to any known or later developed hardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, or combination of hardware and software that is capable of performing the functionality associated with that element. In some embodiments, a sensor board may include a variety of lens caps and may be compatible for use with either surface-mount or through-hole luminaires. The sensor board may include various body types, such as flexible body types or rigid body types. Both rigid and flexible sensor boards may come in single or multi-unit configurations.

The sensor board described herein may be manufactured in different shapes and sizes, such as, for example, cylindrical (wherein the cross-section is oval), rectangular (wherein the cross-section is square), and conical (wherein the cross-section increases in size from the entrance end to exit end). The sensor board may also include specialized/irregular shapes, such as, an arrow, a star, a quarter moon, etc. A sensor board shape may gradually change along its length. For example, the sensor board may include a substantially circular shape at an entrance end to accommodate the luminaire, and may include a square shape at its exit end. The sides of the sensor board that are parallel to the direction of light travel may affect internal reflection and refraction within the luminaire and thus, an upper or top portion of the sensor board may be contoured to match the luminaire in order to allow light rays to enter with minimal reflection and refraction, while the rear portion of the sensor board, in some embodiments, may be hidden 100% away from the lighting system.

For purposes of illustrating features of the embodiments, various configurations of the embodiments will now be introduced and referenced throughout the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these configurations are illustrative and not limiting and are provided purely for explanatory purposes.

Now referring toFIG. 1, an illustrative embodiment of a system100for transporting high luminous intensity lights coming out of a plurality of luminaires112is illustrated. Each luminaire may include a dimming control mechanism110that is controlled by a switch111. According to some embodiments, a luminaire112may be located at a certain distance from a sensor board or printed circuit board (PCB) (as described in greater detail below). In some embodiments, a standalone PCB may include at least one sensor that is capable of sensing a plurality of information. The standalone PCB may be physically connected to a gateway102and may transmit information collected by the at least one sensor towards the gateway102for further processing.

According to some embodiments, the standalone PCB may be attachable anywhere in an environment where the luminaire112is located. In one embodiment, the standalone PCB may be part of a sensor clip that is attachable to the luminaire112, or a panel in a ceiling, or to other devices in the environment in which the luminaire112is located. The standalone PCB may include one upward looking sensor (GSC2) and one downward looking sensor (GSC1), which are placed substantially back to back to each other, as described in greater detail below. In some embodiments, the upward-looking sensor (GSC2) may sense light coming from the luminaire112, while the downward looking sensor (GSC1) may sense the environment proximate to the luminaire112. The standalone PCB may be physically connected to the gateway102via a sensor communication cable.

According to some embodiments, the luminaire112may be arranged such that it is collocated with the standalone PCB, separated from or attached to the standalone PCB, or located at a set distance from the PCB. According to some embodiments, the system100may carry the high luminous intensity lights towards a destination area/environment with minimal loss of the lights. According to some embodiments, the system100may include a gateway (e.g., a universal smart lighting gateway)102arranged in the environment. The system100may further include a luminaire112. In some embodiments, the luminaire112may include a single luminaire system having one luminaire112or may include a multiple luminaire system having at least two luminaires112. According to some embodiments, the luminaire112may be connected to power lines120,124and dimming control lines122,126. In some embodiments, the connection to the power lines120,124and the dimming control lines122,126may be via a single common interface. According to some embodiments, a power meter114may be electrically connected to, and positioned between, the gateway102and the luminaire112on the power lines120,124. According to some embodiments, the power meter114may be connected to the gateway102via a power meter interface132.

According to some embodiments, the power meter114may include a sensor subsystem108(e.g., a sensor clip subsystem) that may be coupled to the luminaire112on a first side of the luminaire112and the luminaire may be coupled to the gateway102on a second side of the luminaire112(e.g., an opposing side to the first side). In some embodiments, a connection130may be provided to connect the sensor subsystem108directly the gateway102and the luminaire112. The connection130to the luminaire112may be a physical connection and the connection130may not be limited to a specific location on the luminaire. The location of the sensor subsystem108may be different for various types of sensors and luminaires. The gateway102may include a backhaul interface118associated with a wired or a wireless Local Area Network (LAN), including one or more of Mesh Bluetooth Low Energy (Mesh BLE), WLAN, ZigBee, and/or Ethernet LAN. In an embodiment, the backhaul interface118may include an interface associated with a Mesh BLE. According to some embodiments, the gateway102may be connected with a network gateway104, which may be disposed between local networks and a wide area network (WAN)116, and the WAN116may communicate to cloud based servers106. In some embodiments, the system100may further include a dynamic discovery mechanism associated with a dimming protocol that runs over the dimming control lines122,126.

Referring now toFIG. 2, a system200that includes a Universal Smart Lighting Gateway102, a sensor subsystem module214and sensor communication216is illustrated. According to some embodiments, the sensor subsystem module214may be encapsulated within a sensor clip (not shown). InFIG. 2and according to some embodiments, the system200may include a soft switch202to select between different electrical dimming interfaces. This soft switch202may be actively used in a search for a correct protocol between the gateway102and a dimming luminaire112(not shown in this figure).

In some embodiments, the system200may include a dimming control mechanism performed via a hard switch (not shown in this figure). Protocol modules228,230, and232may be used in a software implementation of the dimming interfaces that reside in the gateway102. In some embodiments, the supported dimming protocol may include several sets of protocols 0V-10V, 1V-10V, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)228over 0V-10V and/or 1V to 10V, a 24V Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI®)230protocol, and a 5V Digital Multiplex (DMX)232protocol. The protocols may include algorithms, which may be implemented in a Micro Controller Unit2(MCU-2)204. The MCU-2204may be powered by the AC to DC 5V, 24V220via a power line connection240. According to some embodiments, the MCU-2204may also be connected to a power meter114via a Micro Controller Unit1(MCU-1) and Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)224. The MCU-2204may also be connected to a relay206. MCU-2204may also be connected to a Wireless Interface Module (WIM)210via a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus212. The WIM210may include a wireless interface module between a network and the sensor system and the luminaire. In some embodiments, the MCU-2204may also control the relay206that is designed to be able to cut off the current to the luminaire112upon a decision by the MCU-2204. The power cutoff may be used to disconnect power from a controlled luminaire subsystem and, in some embodiments, the Wireless Interface Module (WIM)210may be implemented as a Bluetooth Low Power (BLE) device using a Mesh BLE protocol to connect with other devices as well having SPI bus212and Inter-Integrated Circuit two-wire serial interface bus (“TWSI”)216.

The WIM210may be connected to a Camera Interface System (CIS)214, which may include an environment sensor (e.g., a camera) and an RGB sensor. The CIS module214may be extended via a Two-Wire Serial Interface (“TWSI”) bus226with other sensor modules. The CIS module214may utilize a clock, which may be received via an AC Frequency to clock module interface218. According to some embodiments, the WIM210may be powered via the AC to DC 5V to 24V220via power interface line240. The AC Power 90V-240V222may be relayed to the MCU-2204and from it to the soft switch202for power selection for the dimming protocol interfaces. The AC Power may additionally be relayed to the power meter114which measures all power delivered to the luminaire112. According to some embodiments, the LNNL234may include the physical electrical line connections.

The power meter114may be connected to an input line of the luminaire112(as shown inFIG. 1) so that the power meter114measures, in real-time, electrical power drawn by the luminaire112. According to some embodiments, the power meter114may be coupled to the gateway102to provide real time power measurements. The interface132, between the gateway102and the power meter114, may be a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) or any other communication interface (“power meter interface”). The interface120,124between the power meter device114and the luminaire112may depend on a type of power meter114being used.

According some embodiments, and as illustrated inFIG. 3, a system300may include one or more sensors308,310, typically configured as CIS modules, that are connected to the gateway102.FIG. 3illustrates an embodiment that includes at least one of a first CIS module308and a second CIS module310. While only one connection is actually depicted, it would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that one or both of the sensors308,310can be connected to the gateway102. According to some embodiments, the CIS modules308,310may include a physical interface306with the gateway102via a Two-Wire Serial Interface (TWSI) connection that uses a 6 or 8 pin flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable and connector. The CIS modules308,310may be physically connected at any desired position on a luminaire112(not shown inFIG. 3). According to some embodiments, the CIS module308may include a linear module that can be adopted to fit on a luminaire112requiring a linear fitting. In some embodiments, the CIS module310may be circular and may be designed to fit circular-shaped luminaires112.

In some embodiments, each of the CIS308and CIS310sensors may include at least two sensors (not shown inFIG. 3). A first sensor (e.g., “environment sensor(s)”) may be dedicated to environment sensing, and may be arranged such that it faces away from and/or extends in a downwardly fashion, from the luminaire112. According to some embodiments, a second sensor (e.g., a “color sensor”/“RGB sensor”) may be arranged such that it faces the luminaire112directly. The first sensor may be named the environment sensor or GSC1and the second sensor may be named the RGB/color sensor or GSC2. The combination of the two or more sensors, namely the environment sensors and the RGB sensors, may be combined into a single Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or may be arranged as a set of separate devices. According to some embodiments, the first and second sensors of the CIS308and CIS310modules may also connect with the gateway102. Both sensors may provide real time measurements and assessments to the gateway102. In response to the measurements and assessments provided, the gateway102may control the dimming device110and may change the dimming level and a color temperature and RGB/RGBW (Red Green Blue Warm White) color, in devices that allow for color temperature and RGB/RGBW color control.

According to some embodiments, the system100may include the RGB sensor directly facing a luminaire (not shown inFIG. 3). The RGB sensor may measure both the RGB content of a light source and the color/RGB intensity of the light source. According to some embodiments, the RGB sensor or combination of sensors may be configured to measure multiple color channels since the RGB sensor or combination of sensors may directly face the luminaire.

According to some embodiments, the first set of sensors may include magnetometer 3D sensor to sense, in real time, and maintain a correct orientation of every IoT device installed in each luminaire. In some aspects, the first set of sensors may face away from and/or extend in a downwardly fashion, from the luminaire to track objects in real time.

According to some embodiments, the first set of sensors may face away from and/or extend in a downwardly fashion, from the luminaire112to determine optical flow in images based on the Lucas-Kanade method. The general optical flow for an image using the Lucas-Kanade method may include a calculation using two images only: the current image and the previous image. For the current image the difference to the previous image may be calculated by a difference of the pixel values. The pixel difference may be calculated for each of the pixels in the image and an estimate of the direction of the change in pixel value may be calculated using neighboring pixels. The movement direction of each pixel may be summarized by yielding a total movement direction for the image. In some embodiments, a result of the movement calculation may be a flow of the complete image, not a flow of individual objects in the image. It is an underlying prerequisite for this method that an image frame rate is high enough to ensure that the contents of a pixel has not moved beyond the neighboring pixels; in other words, that a value change of a pixel has been relocated to its neighbors. Movement may be calculated as a flow of the pixels in an image that has changed more than a threshold limit. A resulting movement vector may be scaled dynamically to be represented by two signed bytes (one for x-direction and one for y-direction). This may indicate that a speed of the flow in the image may not be available. A movement detection interrupt may not be issued unless three consecutive images show movement. The resulting vector may include an average of the three movement vectors. The number of vectors before movement detected is issued may be configured. The multiple sensors and velocity vectors may be tuned up based on feedback provided by the system such as, for example, a distance between the sensors during lighting installation.

An environment sensor may include a low resolution imaging sensor, such as an array of sensors combined into a low resolution imaging device, or a single ASIC that is an imaging sensor. According to some embodiments, the environment sensor may measure environmental parameters and may be facing away from the luminaries112. The environment sensor may be arranged to monitor the environment of the light source. According to some embodiments, the down looking environment sensor may include a low-resolution image sensor, an ambient light sensor, orientation sensor, movement detection sensor and a temperature sensor. In some embodiments, the environment sensor may include a plurality of environment sensors. In other words, the environment sensor may include less or more sensors than described herein. Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure may use other sensors and more types of sensors to sense the environment. According to some embodiments, the environment sensor may include a single sensor ASIC. The environment sensor may include any sensor that is capable of collecting information to measure the environment, including ambient light and temperature. In some embodiments, the environment sensor may include a camera.

According to some embodiments, the combination of the environment sensor and the color sensor, may be set into one of a single ASIC or a set of separate devices, all of which may also be connected to a gateway such as gateway102. In some embodiments, the sensors may be directed as follows: the color sensor faces a luminaire and the environment sensor faces away from the luminaire in such a way that the environment sensor monitors the environment. Real time measurements and assessments may be conveyed to a gateway by the sensors that make up a sensor subsystem such as sensor subsystem108. The ASIC chip may be designed to support a RGB/color sensor (GSC2) in measuring RGB content of LED light source. The RGB/color sensor (GSC2) may interface to environment sensor (GSC1) and supply RGB analog signals. The RGB/color sensor (GSC2) may include an RGB sensor support chip for environment sensor (GSC1). The RGB/color sensor may include a highly configurable analog RGB sensor controlled through an I2C interface and a dedicated input. This input may be used to control the timing of the amplifiers and sampling circuit. The RGB/color sensor (GSC2) may include3built in integrating amplifiers, Power On Reset, Bias generator, buffered 3 bit DAC and photodiodes with RGB filters. The RGB/color sensor (GSC2) may include two outputs OUTP and OUTN which represent the differential output from the selected R, G or B channel. In some embodiments, the two outputs may include analog outputs. The ASIC chip may include area programmable Red, Green and Blue photodiodes connected to an integrating amplifier as illustrated inFIG. 4. Having three parallel signal paths may make it possible to simultaneously integrate a current from the RGB channels. This may ensure that a sampling time is the same for both R, G and B and thereby the ratio between the different channels may be as accurate as possible which may be important for color temperature calculations (calibration is needed to get the correct ratios). The “CTRL” input may be used by a digital state machine to generate a timing control of the integrating amplifiers. A Voltage Reference circuit may supply the 3-bit DAC circuit with a stable reference voltage. The POR circuit may ensure that a digital circuit is reset and defined during power up and in case the power drops.

The RGB pixel array may be used to measure both the RGB content of a light source and luminous flux. RGB filters and IR cut filters may be post-processed on the photodiodes. A distribution of RGB pixels in the photo sensitive area of the chip500is illustrated inFIG. 5according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the RGB pixel array may include 15×15 photodiodes where a pixel size may include 30 μm×30 μm with a fill factor of around 75%. Each pixel in the pixel array may include a built-in transmission gate which may be controlled by the digital core. The light source may be physically in close proximity to the RGB sensor chip. Therefore, the light intensity incident on the photodiodes might be unevenly distributed. To overcome this issue of uneven distribution, the RGB pixel array may be mixed in a certain pattern as shown in top left ofFIG. 5. Due to variations in the luminous flux of different light sources, and uncertainty in the placement of the RGB/color sensor (GSC2) with respect to the light source, the photodiode may be subject to a varying amount of illumination. To cope with this wide dynamic range a programmable number of RGB photodiodes may be multiplexed together. This may add one more degree of freedom in addition to integration time and integration capacitance in the integrating amplifier. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the photodiodes covered with blue filters may be less than the sensitivity of red and green photodiodes. For example, in some embodiments, the blue filters may be smaller by a factor of three. Therefore the number of photodiodes covered with a blue filter may be larger than red and green photodiodes. In some embodiments, a factor of 2.5 may be used to provide a reasonable permutation between Red, Green and Blue pixels.

According to some embodiments, the environment and color sensors of the sensor subsystem108may be placed or connected on a fitting of a luminaire. The exact location of the sensors may not be fixed (e.g., two different luminaires by a same manufacturer of a same type of fitting and LED specifications may be assembled such that the sensor location is different relative to the surface and dimensions of the fitting). The location of the color and environment sensors on the fitting may not be limited.

FIG. 6illustrates an embodiment of a sensor interface data structure600. According to some embodiments, a sensor interface may include a Two-Wire Serial Interface (TWSI)216that allows the use of memory mapped registers to communicate information between the wireless interface module (WIM) or gateway and a CIS module such as CIS module214. In turn, the wireless interface module (WIM) or gateway may provide information and receive directives from a Board MCU-MCU2such as board204via a SPI bus such as bus212. As illustrated inFIG. 6, and according to some embodiments, the sensor devices600may include multiple registers associated with any/all of its functions. In some embodiments, an interface216,226with the sensor device is an array of eight bit (8-bit) registers (see, for instance, Sensor Global Configuration Register Interfaces614and616). Each register may be mapped to a specific memory address on the wireless interface module (WIM) or gateway210. In some embodiments, a plurality of interfaces614,616,618may be provided to control the sensors600. In the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 6, an example of a register, such as a Sensor Global Configuration Register Interface614is illustrated. The Sensor Global Configuration Register Interface614may be set as follows: the register in address 0×01 may turn on bits associated with available sensors on the module. If a sensor does not exist, its bit may be set to 0. Available sensors in this embodiment may be: Ambient Light Sensor (“ALS”), Motion detection based on PIR (“PIR”), RGB sensor (“RGB”), Motion detection and direction based on frame capture (“MOT”), LED Lumen sensor (“LL”), and Temperature sensor (“TEMP”). According to some embodiments, the register address 0×02 may be used as an alarm for the different sensors (e.g., one can set the value range so that when reached by the specific sensor the appropriate alarm bit in this register will turn to 1, or else it is 0). The register in address 0×03 may be used for resetting sensor alarms when this occurs. According to some embodiments, the register in address 0×04 is used to power ON and/or OFF the entire sensors' system. The register in address 0×05 may be used for configuration management. Typical registers can be found in register addresses found in 0×06-0×08, as well as 0×20-0×28 and 0×50-0×59. These are merely examples, as one of ordinary skill in the art would understand—additional sensors would expand (or constrict) the registers.

FIG. 7,FIG. 8,FIG. 9andFIG. 10illustrate an embodiment of a sensor board700that includes multiple sensors, an interface and a communication gateway. In some embodiments, the sensor board700may include an environment sensor702on a first side of the sensor board, and a RGB color sensor706on a second side of the sensor board. The environment sensor702and the RGB color sensor706may be oriented 180° apart from each other accommodated in the sensor, thereby enabling upward and downward functionality of the sensors respectively. In one embodiment, the orientation of the environment sensor702may be configured to limit light being incident from the luminaire to eliminate false ambient light readings. In another embodiment, the orientation of the RGB color sensor706may be configured to receive direct light from the luminaire.

In one embodiment, the environment sensor702may be configured to face downward and away from the luminaire/lighting system. In another embodiment, the RGB color sensor706may be configured to face upward and towards the luminaire/lighting system. In one embodiment, the environment sensor702may include an adjustable lens assembly, thereby configured to a pre-defined field of view. In some embodiments, the sensor board700may further include one or more supporting components and a connector housing704.

The environment sensor702and the RGB color sensor706may be connected via an actuator sensor (AS) interface (as will later be described with respect toFIG. 10). The environment sensor702and the RGB color sensor706may be connected to a microcontroller unit (e.g., I2C to serial MCU)707via an inter-integrated circuit interface (I2C), to receive one or more sensed data from the sensors. Further, the microcontroller unit (I2C to serial MCU)707may be connected to an external communication gateway (e.g., RS232 USB driver)708via a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) interface to communicate the sensed data from the sensors. In some embodiments, the sensor board700may include one or more additional slave devices/sensors709that are connected to the microcontroller unit (I2C to serial MCU)707via the inter-integrated circuit interface (I2C), thereby receiving the sensed data from the additional/auxiliary sensors. In some embodiments, the additional sensors709including one or more light ambient sensors, PIR sensors, temperature sensors, image sensors or barometric sensors.

In some embodiments, the sensor board700further includes a capability of integrating with multiple sensors such as a PIR sensor710. In some embodiments, the sensor board700further includes a drain and a smoothing circuit, wherein the circuit is configured to allow direct connection for a three pin PIR sensor. The sensor board700may further include an external bandpass filter resistors and capacitors711configured to allow bandpass configuration of two AC coupled amplifiers integrated into the ASIC.

In this specification and the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that have the following meanings. The terms “a” (or “an”) and “the” refer to one or more of that entity, thereby including plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “an embodiment” and the like are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Terms such as “first,” “second,” “upper,” “lower”, etc. are used to identify one element from another, and unless otherwise specified are not meant to refer to a particular order or number of elements.

As used in the claims, the word “comprises” and its grammatical variants, such as “including”, and “having” logically also subtend and include phrases of varying and differing extent such as for example, but not limited thereto, “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Where necessary, ranges have been supplied, and those ranges are inclusive of all sub-ranges there between. It is to be expected that variations in these ranges will suggest themselves to a practitioner having ordinary skill in the art and, where not already dedicated to the public, the appended claims should cover those variations.

Moreover, the description of the present disclosure has included descriptions of one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects, and certain variations and modifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications that are within the scope of the present disclosure, as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. Furthermore, it is intended to obtain rights which include alternative embodiments, configurations, or aspects, to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.