Homokinetic motorcycle transmission and motorcycle comprising said transmission

A motorcycle transmission includes a swingarm which extends from one hinging end to a motorcycle chassis, defining an oscillation axis, at one connection end to a wheel, a homokinetic joint arranged on the side of the hinging end, and a geared coupling positioned on the side of the connection end. The homokinetic joint kinematically reciprocally connects a first end of an input shaft, connected to a power take-off, and a second end of an output shaft mechanically connected to the geared coupling. The geared coupling transmits motion to the wheel. The homokinetic joint performs an instantaneously constant transmission ratio between the first and the second end. The homokinetic joint is offset to the hinging end of the swingarm, in a vertical direction perpendicular to the support surface of the wheel and permits oscillation of the output shaft between a stroke start and a stroke end, parallel to the oscillation axis.

This application is a National Stage Application of PCT/IB2014/065213, filed 10 Oct. 2014, which claims benefit of Serial No. PD2013A000309, filed 14 Nov. 2013 in Italy, and which applications are incorporated herein by reference. To the extent appropriate, a claim of priority is made to each of the above disclosed applications.

FIELD OF APPLICATION

The present invention relates to a homokinetic motorcycle transmission and to a motorcycle comprising said transmission.

BACKGROUND ART

As is known, the motion transmission in the motorcycle field usually takes place by means of a pinion-chain-crown group (moving from the crankshaft to the rear wheel, respectively), or by means of a cardan-type joint.

The advantage of the first solution consists in the fact that it carries out a transmission instantaneously homokinetic, therefore comfortable, reliable and at a relatively low cost. Moreover, such a transmission is also very light. The drawback essentially consists in that the chain transmission requires continuous maintenance (in terms of cleaning and lubrication) and in that it has a quite limited duration over time due to wear of the chain and/or the teeth of the pinion or crown.

The cardan joint transmission has the advantage of being virtually maintenance free (it being housed in a casing in an oil or grease bath); however, such a transmission is much heavier and more expensive. Moreover, such a transmission is on the average but not instantaneously homokinetic due to the fact that the transmission ratio between the shafts connected by the coupling has a sinusoidal pattern over time: this entails a non-optimum comfort for the user.

In addition, the cardan joint transmission implies a further limitation consisting in the relative position between the centre of the universal cardan joint and the hinging axis of the rear swingarm which must match: the matching in fact allows the oscillation of the swingarm itself. This geometric constraint is strongly limiting since it imposes a squat angle value that considerably determines the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle in terms of load transfer and the work of the rear suspension.

To overcome the latter limitation, it is known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,971,674 to provide a transmission that includes, in series, a cardan joint (kinematically connected to the motor shaft) and a homokinetic joint kinematically connected to the rear wheel. The homokinetic joint allows an axial sliding between the axles connected thereto, always ensuring their integral (and homokinetic) rotation. In this way, it is possible to misalign the centre of the cardan joint with respect to the hinging point of the swingarm: in fact, the rotation of the swingarm is allowed by the axial sliding of the homokinetic joint. In this way, the limitation of the squat angle is overcome and the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle can be modified as desired. On the other hand, however, this solution has the drawback of both the cost/weight due to the presence of the cardan joint and the problem that the transmission is not instantly homokinetic. In fact, the ‘sinusoidal oscillations’ due to the cardan joint are always present and are rigidly transmitted by the homokinetic joint.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The need of solving the drawbacks and limitations mentioned with reference to the prior art is therefore felt.

In other words, the need is felt to provide a transmission alternative to the chain-pinion-crown kinematic mechanism, which is instantly homokinetic and which does not involve limitations on the geometry/kinematics of the swingarm and/or excessive costs/weights.

Elements or parts of elements in common between the embodiments described below are referred to with the same reference numerals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to the above figures, reference numeral4globally indicates a motorcycle transmission according to the present invention, applied to the rear axle of a motorcycle.

For the purposes of this invention, it should be noted that the term motorcycle must be considered in a broad sense, encompassing any motor cycle having at least two wheels, i.e. one front wheel and one rear wheel. Therefore, this definition also includes three-wheel motorcycles, such as two paired and steering wheels on the front end and one driving wheel at the rear, but also motorcycles that include only one wheel, steering, on the front end and two driving wheels at the rear. Finally, the definition of motorcycle also includes the so-called quads, with two wheels at the front end and two wheels at the rear end.

The motorcycle transmission4according to the present invention comprises a swingarm8which extends from a hinging end12to an associable motorcycle chassis (not shown), defining an oscillation axis X-X, to a connection end16to a wheel20.

For the purposes of the present invention, swingarm8may have any shape, size and may for example be of the lattice type, the box-like type, die-cast, and so on.

In particular, swingarm8may be either single-arm or two-arm.

The hinging end12may be hinged to the chassis via the interposition of bushes in a known manner.

The connection end16typically supports a hub24of wheel20.

Typically, at least one shock absorber assembly28is interposed between the chassis and the swingarm, comprising at least one spring30and at least one shock absorber32so as to allow a relative rotation of swingarm8with respect to the chassis, about the hinging end12and the oscillation axis X-X.

Transmission4further comprises a homokinetic joint36positioned on the side of the hinging end12, and a geared coupling40positioned on the side of the connection end16.

The homokinetic joint36kinematically connects to each other a first end44of an input shaft48, connected to a power take-off (such as the output pinion of the drive shaft), and a second end52of an output shaft56mechanically connected to the geared coupling40.

The geared coupling40in turn transmits the motion to wheel20; for example, the geared coupling40comprises of the second end comprises a pair of conical or spiral bevel gears.

Advantageously, the homokinetic joint36performs an instantaneously constant transmission ratio between the first and the second end, and thus between the input shaft48and the output shaft56.

The homokinetic joint36is offset to the hinging end12of swingarm8, in a vertical direction Y-Y perpendicular to the support surface P of wheel20and permits an oscillation of the output shaft56between a stroke start and a stroke end, parallel to said oscillation axis X-X.

The oscillation of the output shaft56is shown inFIGS. 2-3by an angle α.

The stroke end positions are shown inFIG. 2with a solid line and a dashed line, respectively.

For better understanding, the references of swingarm8and the output shaft56are indicated with the apex8′,56′ respectively in the stroke end positions.

Therefore, swingarm8and the output shaft56are indicated with reference numerals8′ and56′ following the rotation of the shaft by said angle α.

Usually, the stroke start and end positions respectively correspond to the maximum extension and maximum compression of the shock absorber assembly28.

By offset of the homokinetic joint36relative to the hinging end12along the vertical direction Y- it is meant that the joint and the hinging end are at different heights or distances from the support plane P, with respect to the vertical direction Y-Y.

Thanks to this misalignment, it is possible to release the position of the homokinetic joint36from that hinging end12, and therefore the squat angle Φ of the transmission may be changed with greater freedom by suitably varying the position of the hinging end12.

By squats angle it is meant, by convection, the angle between the ground line L and the straight line joining the point of contact of the wheel with the ground with the oscillation axis X-X of swingarm8.

According to a possible embodiment, the homokinetic joint36, in relation to the line joining the hinging end12and the connection end16of swingarm8, finds itself in the half plane opposite the support surface P of wheel20, so as to be offset in relation to the hinging end12in a vertical direction Y-Y.

According to a possible embodiment, the homokinetic joint36is offset in relation to the hinging end12to an associable motorcycle chassis, in a longitudinal direction L-L, perpendicular to the oscillation axis X-X and to the vertical direction Y-Y.

Preferably, the homokinetic joint36is positioned astride a centreline plane M-M passing through the hinging end12and parallel to the vertical direction Y-Y.

For example, the homokinetic joint36may be positioned symmetrically with respect to said centreline plane M-M passing through the hinging end12and parallel to the vertical direction Y-Y.

According to an embodiment, the homokinetic joint36is shaped in such a way that straight lines A, B perpendicular to the second end52of the output shaft56at the start stroke and end stroke positions of the output shaft56intersect at the hinging end12of swingarm8(FIG. 2). In other words, said straight lines A, B perpendicular to the second end52of the output shaft56at the stroke start and end positions of the output shaft56intersect impacting on the oscillation axis X-X.

In yet other words, the centre of rotation imposed to the output shaft56by the homokinetic joint36is congruent with the centre of oscillation imposed on swingarm8by the hinging end12.

By ‘congruent’ it is meant that the two centres of rotation/oscillation impose a rotation of the output shaft56and an oscillation of swingarm8, respectively, without reciprocally obstructing. In particular, the output shaft56rotates about its centre of rotation adapting (and therefore not opposing) to the oscillation of the swingarm. Therefore, the kinematics of the joint does not affect/impair in any way the dynamic behaviour of the shock absorber assembly28but is limited to follow it.

According to a possible embodiment, the homokinetic joint36comprises a first and a second cap60,64, wherein the first cap60is integrally associated in rotation with the first end44of the input shaft48and the second cap64is integrally associated in rotation with the second end52of the output shaft56.

Caps60and64are coupled together according to a roto-translatory coupling, so as to form a transmission instantly homokinetic between the input and output shafts48,56to permit the rotation of the output shaft56between the stroke start and the stroke end and to permit variations of the distance between the second end52of the output shaft56and the first end44of the input shaft48.

Preferably, the roto-translatory coupling between caps60,64includes the interposition of balls and rollers to minimise friction.

Such variations of the distance between the second end52of the output shaft56and the first end44of the input shaft48permit the correct movement (i.e. oscillation) of swingarm8about the oscillation axis X-X; in other words, the overall length of the assembly comprising the input shaft48and the output shaft56must adapt to the instantaneous rotation of swingarm8with respect to the oscillation axis X-X. In this way, the motion transmission and the shock absorber assembly work without mutually obstructing.

For example, the second cap64is at least partially inserted in the first cap60by means of a vault shaped coupling.

Said vault shaped coupling may comprise a groove68for the transmission of the torque between the input shaft48and the output shaft56.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the output shaft56comprises a first and a second rod72,76connected in series by a sliding joint80so as to be able to modify the overall length of said output shaft56, during the transmission of the movement from the power take-off to wheel20or to make up for small misalignments.

For example, said sliding joint80is an axial joint of the grooved rectilinear or vaulted type.

Swingarm8, as seen, may have any shape and size. For example, it may have an overall box-shaped structure that accommodates in its interior, at least partially, the homokinetic joint36and in particular the input shaft48and the output shaft56. For example, swingarm8is of the single arm type, wherein the single arm houses at least partially the input shaft48and/or the output shaft56.

As can be understood from the description, the motorcycle transmission according to the invention allows overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.

In particular, the present invention allows obtaining a transmission instantaneously homokinetic and therefore very comfortable, while not providing for the use of the conventional chain.

The transmission is instantly homokinetic since it is completely devoid of cardan joint which, as known, is not homokinetic.

In addition, the transmission is very reliable and essentially maintenance-free, just like a cardan joint transmission.

Furthermore, the transmission of the present invention does not impose specific constraints between the hinging fulcrum of the swingarm and the positioning of the homokinetic joint: it is therefore possible to use the squat angle Φ that is more suitable to the type of motorcycle, and then impose the preferred dynamic behaviour to the motorcycle in terms of load transfer.

The motorcycle transmission is compact and does not impose excessive weight burdens compared to the solutions with chain; the solution is however lighter and less bulky than an equivalent solution with cardan joint.

A man skilled in the art may make several changes and adjustments to the motorcycle transmission described above in order to meet specific and incidental needs, all falling within the scope of protection defined in the following claims.