Modular bolt assembly with floating fire pin

A modular bolt assembly may include a bolt body, a striker assembly, and one or more removable bolt, head having a floating fixing pin, The removable bolt head may have a cartridge engagement surface, a back end that removably mates with a bolt body, and a floating firing pin with a front end that contacts a cartridge primer, and a rear end that receives force from the striker assembly. Bolt heads may be included for different caliber cartridges, allowing the modular bolt assembly to be used with different types of ammunition, the floating firing pin prevents the striker assembly from directly contacting a chambered round without the bolt head, thereby preventing catastrophic failure during use if a boll head is not present and properly positioned.

STATEMENT REGARDING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a modular bolt assembly for a modular, multi-caliber firearm, such as a modular bolt-action rifle.

BACKGROUND

Modularity is becoming an important feature in the firearm industry. Generally, a modular firearm is a firearm that may be reconfigured with one or more different components to change the operation, function, size and/or shape, and/or capabilities of the firearm. Barrel length and rifling, muzzle type, muzzle brake, flash suppressor, compensator, magazine capacity, butt stock length and type, are examples of commonly adjustable components of a typical modular system. Modular firearms may also provide for multiple caliber configurations, i.e., a user may reconfigure the firearm for use with more than one caliber cartridge.

Modular firearms may be formed of modular components, each of which may be replaced with an identical component for repair and maintenance, or a variant component that provides a change in operation, function or capability, for example. Typically, a modular rifle includes a barrel, a chassis and receiver, a firing mechanism that may include a bolt assembly and a trigger assembly, and a butt stock. Some modular rifles enable a user to reconfigure the firearm for use with different caliber ammunition, such as by replacing caliber-specific barrel, magazine, and bolt assembly components for similar components configured for a different caliber, for example.

The ability to reconfigure a firearm for use with different caliber ammunition is valuable for several reasons. First, certain calibers of ammunition can be very expensive, whereas other calibers may be significantly more affordable. The latter ammunition category may be used in high volume for training purposes, while the former ammunition category may be used in low volume for operational purposes, competition, and the like. A firearm that may be reconfigured for use with either ammunition category allows a user to practice and train with the more affordable ammunition, building repetition knowledge (e.g., muscle memory) and experience with the firearm, and easily transition to using the more expensive ammunition for other purposes. Also, ammunition types are designed for different purposes. As examples, some calibers are designed for long-range anti-personnel or anti-materiel use, other calibers are designed for target shooting, and other calibers are designed for game hunting. Thus, a firearm that may use more than one type or caliber of ammunition may be configured for more than one role or purpose, increasing the range of roles that the firearm may fulfill.

One of the challenges with a modular firearm is providing a reconfiguration process which is not complicated and cumbersome, and does not require extensive, complicated, or unusual tools. Ideally, the reconfiguration process involves a minimum number of parts, and requires few tools (if any) to complete the modification. Also, the reconfiguration process should be as safe as possible. A primary design consideration is the safety of the firearm throughout the entire reconfiguration process. The process itself must allow a user to safely reconfigure the firearm in numerous conditions, including the full range of low-stress environments to highly stressful operational situations. The process must also account for the human error factor, in which a user may not (for myriad reasons) correctly perform the reconfiguration process. For example, a user may fail to include all components during reassembly, or improperly align components. Ideally, the reconfiguration process is a simple and straightforward such that a user either cannot physically complete the process without doing so correctly, or the firearm does not function in a state of an incomplete or incorrect reconfiguration.

These considerations apply to the bolt assembly in a modular firearm. For many multi-caliber modular firearms, the bolt head is specific to the caliber. Thus, to configure the firearm for use with more than one caliber ammunition, one option is to provide a bolt assembly that is specific to each caliber. This option is cumbersome and expensive. Other options employ a removable bolt head that mates with a bolt body and handle, such that only the bolt head need be replaced to reconfigure the firearm for use with a different caliber.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,429,844 to Dextraze et al. (“Dextraze”) describes such a modular bolt assembly with a bolt head that may be removed from the bolt body, for use with a bolt-action rifle. Dextraze teaches varying the bolt head depending on the desired configuration, such as for use with a specific caliber. Dextraze's firing pin assembly may be inserted into a hollow bolt body and bolt head. The bolt head may be locked in position through a locking pin that fits through the bolt body and bolt head, as well as the firing pin assembly fitting into the bolt head.

There is a significant safety concern with bolt assemblies similar to the type described by Dextraze: because the firing pin extends from the striker assembly, the firing pin can be activated in the absence of the bolt head. Engaging the firing mechanism may cause the firing pin to strike the primer, even if the bolt head is not installed. As a consequence, the primer in a cartridge can ignite and the resulting explosive forces release through the open chamber, magazine well, ejector port, etc., causing severe injury to the user and potentially catastrophic damage to the firearm and surroundings. In other words, firing mechanisms such as the mechanism Dextraze discloses may be capable of operating even if the user fails to replace the bolt head during assembly, during reconfiguration, or after maintenance, for instance, and is therefore a significant health and safety risk. Also, an exposed firing pin, such as in the Dextraze mechanism, is easily damaged through handling. Damage to the unprotected end of the firing pin can change the shape and overall firing pin length, which may result in inconsistent primer strikes, possibly resulting in misfire.

What is needed is a self-aligning modular bolt assembly capable of being reconfigured with a caliber-specific bolt head that does not contact the primer if improperly or incompletely assembled.

BRIEF SUMMARY

It is an object of this disclosure to provide a safe and self-aligning modular bolt assembly for use with a multi-caliber firearm, such as a modular bolt-action rifle. As disclosed herein, embodiments of a modular bolt assembly may feature a bolt head with a self-contained floating firing pin, a bolt body, and a striker assembly configured to be inserted through the bolt body and into the bolt head. The striker may contact or be in close proximity to the floating firing pin when the striker assembly is inserted into the bolt head, such that engaging the firing mechanism causes the striker to rapidly push the floating firing pin forward and engage the primer of a loaded cartridge. Should a user desire to reconfigure the bolt assembly for use with a different caliber, then the user may remove the bolt head from the bolt assembly and replace it with a bolt head configured for the desired caliber. Further, embodiments of the bolt head and the striker assembly may each be removably mated with the bolt body in a self-aligning manner, such that assembling the components causes those components to properly align for use in the firearm. Embodiments may include tool-free mechanisms for connecting components, such as threaded connections and sliding interlocks, for example. Embodiments of the modular bolt assembly may be adapted for use in various firearms, such as a modular rifle. Embodiments of the modular bolt assembly may also be adapted for use with various firearm actions, such as bolt-action firearms.

It is an object of this disclosure to provide a modular bolt assembly capable of being reconfigured with a caliber-specific bolt head, yet providing the valuable safety feature of precluding firing of the firearm in the absence of the bolt head. Embodiments of the bolt head may feature a floating firing pin, wholly or partially contained in or mounted within the bolt head and having a front end configured to contact a cartridge primer, and a rear end configured to receive force from a striker assembly. The bolt head may include a back end configured for removably mating with a bolt body. If the bolt head with the floating firing pin is not present in the bolt assembly, then engaging the firing mechanism does not cause the cartridge primer to ignite because the floating firing pin is not present.

It is a further object of this disclosure to reduce the potential harm due to human error, and in particular the potential harm due to a user's failure to properly include the bolt head when preparing a modular bolt assembly for use in a modular firearm. Unlike integral or one-piece firing pin and striker components, embodiments of the modular bolt assembly disclosed herein may include a floating firing pin wholly or partially contained in or mounted within the bolt head. The floating firing pin is disconnected from the striker when the bolt head is not connected to the bolt assembly. As a result, embodiments may be incapable of igniting the primer in a cartridge if the bolt head is not included, or if the bolt head is not properly connected to the bolt body.

To accomplish the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative embodiments of the present approach are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These embodiments are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the present approach may be employed, and the present approach is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages, embodiments and novel features of the present approach will become apparent from the following description when considered in conjunction with the drawings. The following description is given by way of example, but not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure solely to the specific embodiments described, which can be understood in conjunction with the materials that follow.

Embodiments of the present approach may include a removable bolt head for a modular bolt assembly. The removable bolt head may include a cartridge engagement surface, a back end that removably mates with a bolt body, and a floating firing pin having a primer contact surface and a striker contact surface. In some embodiments, the floating firing pin has a front end that contacts a cartridge primer, and a rear end that receives force from a striker assembly. In some embodiments, the removable bolt head includes a head portion and plurality of locking lugs. The head portion and locking lugs mate with a corresponding receiver and chassis system. Also, the head portion may define a cartridge engagement surface. The cartridge engagement surface may include an opening through which the floating firing pin's primer contact surface may pass to contact a cartridge, such as during operation of the firing mechanism. The floating firing pin may be mounted within the bolt head. In some embodiments, a spring biases the floating firing pin in a retracted position, e.g., away from the bolt head's cartridge contact surface. In such embodiments, the firing mechanism may cause the striker assembly to project forward and contact the firing pin with sufficient force to overcome the spring force and proceed forward, such that the floating firing pin's primer contact surface passes through an opening in the cartridge engagement surface. The floating firing pin in some embodiments may have an hour glass body to assist with controlling movement of the firing pin during and after firing. For example, the floating firing pin may have a front end and a back end, and a cylindrical portion extending from the body's front end, the cylindrical portion defining the primer contact surface. In some embodiments, a portion of the cylindrical portion may be the portion of the firing pin that passes through the engagement surface opening to contact a cartridge.

In some embodiments, the bolt's back end may have a T-shaped locking structure for removably mating with the bolt body. The bolt head in some embodiments may include a channel for receiving a portion of a striker assembly, the floating firing pin positioned in the channel such that the portion of a striker assembly may contact the striker contact surface.

Embodiments may take the form of a modular bolt assembly. The bolt assembly may include a bolt body, a striker assembly, and a removable bolt head having a floating firing pin. The bolt assembly in some embodiments may feature a self-aligning locking mechanism that enables the removable bolt head to removably mate with the hollow bolt body. For example, the self-aligning locking mechanism in some embodiments may have a T-shaped locking structure and corresponding T-shaped groove. The bolt body may have a bore for receiving a portion of the striker assembly. The striker assembly may removably mate with the bolt body. For example, a portion of the striker assembly may extend through a bore in the bolt body. The bolt head may include a channel for receiving a portion of the striker assembly, such as a portion extending from the bolt body's bore, such that an end of the striker assembly contacts the striker contact surface of the floating firing pin.

Embodiments of the present approach may take the form of a modular firearm having a barrel, a receiver and chassis, and a bolt assembly, the bolt assembly comprising a bolt body, a striker assembly, and a removable bolt head having a floating firing pin.

Embodiments of the present approach may take the form of a modular bolt assembly system. The system may include a bolt body, a striker assembly, and one or more bolt heads having a floating firing pin. Each bolt head may be configured for use with an associated caliber cartridge. Embodiments may also take the form of a method of striking a cartridge primer with a floating firing pin. For example, the method may include first engaging a firing mechanism connected to a modular bolt assembly having a bolt body, a striker assembly, and a bolt head, the bolt head removably mated with the bolt body and having a floating firing pin, wherein engaging the firing mechanism propels the striker assembly toward a striker contact surface of floating firing pin. Next, contacting the striker contact surface of floating firing pin with the striker assembly, then pushing the floating firing pin toward a cartridge contact surface of the bolt head, a distance sufficient for a primer contact surface of the floating firing pin to protrude through an opening in the cartridge contact surface of the bolt head and contact the cartridge primer. In some embodiments, contacting the striker contact surface of floating firing pin with the striker assembly may involve the striker assembly exerting a pushing force on the floating firing pin adequate to overcome a spring tension on the floating firing pin, thereby causing the floating firing pin to move in the direction of the cartridge.

DESCRIPTION

As discussed herein, a modular bolt assembly may include a bolt head with a floating firing pin, a bolt body, and a striker assembly. The bolt head may be configured for use with a specific caliber, such that a user desiring to reconfigure a firearm for use with a specific caliber may include the bolt head for that caliber in the bolt assembly (and replace any other modular parts necessary to enable a firearm to function for the desired caliber). Embodiments of the bolt head may include a self-contained or floating firing pin wholly or partially contained in or mounted within the bolt head. The floating firing pin may have a front end configured to mechanically contact a cartridge primer, and a rear end configured to contact a striker assembly. The striker may be in mechanical contact or be in close proximity to the rear end of the floating firing pin when the striker assembly is connected to the bolt body and inserted into the bolt head, such that engaging the firing mechanism causes the striker to contact the rear end of the floating firing pin and rapidly push the floating firing pin forward.

FIG. 1shows embodiments of an integral firing pin and striker assembly101according to a contemporary design, a striker assembly103configured for a floating firing pin according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a hollow bolt body105according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and a bolt head107according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Bolt body105is described as a hollow bolt body herein because in this particular embodiment, the striker assembly103is configured to be inserted into a bore running the long axis of the bolt body105and secured through a threaded connection. However, other embodiments may rely on different methods to incorporate the striker assembly, and the term hollow bolt body is therefore not intended to be limited to bolt bodies having a hollow bore.

FIG. 2shows portions of the integral firing pin and striker assembly201according to a contemporary design, and the striker assembly203configured for a floating firing pin shown inFIG. 1. The integral firing pin and striker assembly201includes a firing pin205protruding from an end of cylindrical member206, and is configured for a mating engagement with a bolt head having a hollow portion through which the firing pin205extends when in the assembled position. As discussed above, this contemporary design may be capable of contacting a primer in the absence of a bolt head, leading to catastrophic failure and damage. On the other hand, the striker assembly203for a floating firing pin as described herein includes a cylindrical member207configured for a mating engagement with a bolt head having a floating firing pin (not shown). Because striker assembly203is not integral with the floating firing pin, it does not create the risk of contacting the primer in the absence of a bolt head.

Embodiments of the modular bolt assembly may be incorporated into a firearm, such as the modular firearm301shown inFIG. 3. The modular firearm301in this embodiment is a bolt-action rifle, but other firearms may feature a modular bolt assembly as disclosed herein. Modular firearm301includes an interchangeable barrel303that removably mates with the receiver and chassis assembly305. Magazine assembly307, buttstock module309, and bolt assembly311also removably mate with the receiver and chassis assembly305. The firearm301may also include one or more accessories, such as a scope313removably mated with rails along the receiver and chassis assembly305.

A user may remove and replace one or more of the modular components of the modular firearm301. For instance, the user may reconfigure modular firearm301for use with different caliber ammunition, for example, by replacing modular components with an interchangeable barrel303, magazine assembly307, and bolt assembly311, configured for use with the desired caliber ammunition. Some contemporary multi-caliber firearms require an entirely new bolt assembly311for each caliber configuration. However, replacing the entire bolt assembly311for each caliber is expensive, and requires a user to inconveniently carry multiple bolt assemblies. Other contemporary multi-caliber firearms feature a multi-component bolt assembly311including a striker assembly, bolt body, and bolt head, and require the user to change only the bolt head to reconfigure the bolt assembly311for use with different caliber ammunition. As discussed above, however, such contemporary multi-component bolt assemblies feature a firing pin that extends from the striker assembly. The result is that a user can activate the firing pin in the absence of the bolt head, causing a round to ignite in the chamber and leading to catastrophic failure, injury to the user and individuals and structures in the immediate vicinity, and destruction of the firearm. Unlike such unsafe bolt assemblies, embodiments of the modular bolt assembly described herein employ a floating firing pin that may be disconnected from the striker assembly, and thus the firing mechanism, when the bolt head is removed. The striker assembly connects to a rear end of a bolt body, and a bolt head with a floating firing pin connects to a front end of the bolt body. When fully assembled, the striker assembly may contact the floating firing pin (or, in some embodiments, another element causing contact with the floating firing pin), and enable the firing mechanism to function.

The hollow bolt body may take numerous forms, depending on the type of firearm and configuration of the receiver, and is not necessarily “hollow” in all embodiments.FIG. 4shows an embodiment of a hollow bolt body configured for use with a bolt-action rifle. This embodiment features a generally cylindrical bolt main body401, an actuating lever402attached to the main body401, and a ball knob403attached to the actuating lever402. Connection slot405at the front end of the main body401provides for connecting, through a sliding interlock, a bolt head (not shown) to the main body401. The connection slot405in the embodiment shown inFIG. 4has a T-shaped profile configured to securely receive a corresponding T-shaped structure in a bolt head. Of course, other geometries may be used to removably connect a bolt head to a bolt body without the use of a tool. Of course, alternative means may be used to removably connect a bolt head to a bolt body, with or without a tool. For instance, the bolt head may screw onto the bolt body (or vice versa) using corresponding threads and grooves. As another example, the bolt head and bolt body may feature corresponding protrusions and recesses to allow the components to self-align in the connected position. This disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein.

Bolt body main body401may include a hollow bore407across the long axis of the bolt, for receiving and housing a striker assembly (not shown). As discussed herein, the striker assembly in other embodiments may connect to the bolt body without using a hollow bore, and thus this disclosure is not limited to a hollow bolt body. The main body401may feature fluting409and411, for example, to assist with displacing foreign objects or debris that may interfere with bolt operation, for example, and may increase the overall surface area—and therefore the overall strength of the surface. In this embodiment, the actuating lever402and ball knob403form a bolt handle that permits a user to operate the bolt in a bolt action firearm. The shape and pitch of the actuating lever402may depend on various design factors, such as the design of the receiver. Of course, alternate bolt handle shapes, sizes, and configurations may be used for bolt-action rifles, as well as for other types actions involving a bolt, including for example blowback and closed bolt actions, gas-operated or carbine actions, to name but a few.

The hollow bolt body may be configured to receive a striker assembly, such as the striker assembly embodiment shown inFIG. 5. In this embodiment, the striker assembly features a bolt sleeve501in mechanical connection with a cocking piece504and safety lever502. A striker assembly may feature one of numerous types of safety levers. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 5, safety lever502is in mechanical connection with cocking piece504by parallel pins512and513, and is in mechanical connection with bolt sleeve501through the spring-loaded pressure piece505. Parallel pin512co-engages slot519of safety lever502, and slot521of cocking piece504. The safety lever502may be manually manipulated into different positions dictated by slots519and521, changing the relative position of cocking piece504from e.g., a safe mode unable to engage the striker503, to, e.g., a firing mode, in which striker503is able to contact a counter surface in a bolt head (not shown) to activate a floating firing pin. Spring-loaded pressure piece505may apply spring tension to the safety lever502. Axle pin506fits into corresponding holes in bolt sleeve501and safety lever502, and serves to allow the safety lever502to rotate about axle pin506to achieve different relative positions, e.g., safe mode and firing mode. Index pin507, compression spring510, and grub screw511fit into a recess in and protrude through a portion of the bolt sleeve501, and encourage self-alignment of the bolt in the receiver/chassis (not shown) using spring pressure against a corresponding indentation in the receiver chassis.

In the embodiment shown inFIG. 5, the locking end523of striker503fits into

an opening on an end of the bolt sleeve501opposite from safety lever502. Striker503is generally a long cylinder with changes in diameter along the long axis to accommodate other components. For instance, the diameter proximate the locking end523may be smaller than the largest diameter of the striker503to permit a specific portion of the striker503to fit into the bolt sleeve501. Similarly, the diameter of the striker503proximate the contact surface515may be smaller than the largest diameter to permit a specific portion of the striker503to fit through a cylindrical bore in the sleeve509, thereby keeping firing pin spring508in place along the long axis of the striker503, and permitting that portion of striker503to make contact with an end of a firing pin in a bolt head (not shown). Once the action is cocked, engaging the firing mechanism (i.e., pulling a trigger) allows firing pin spring508to propel striker503forward, and if the bolt assembly is fully assembled, contact surface515of the striker503contacts the floating firing pin and pushes it forward through the front end of the bolt head to contact the primer.

FIGS. 6A and 6Bshows two cutaway views of an embodiment of an assembled striker assembly according to one aspect of the present disclosure.FIG. 6Ais a side cutaway view taken along reference line II-II shown inFIG. 6B, andFIG. 6Bis a top cutaway view taken along reference line I-I shown inFIG. 6A. Combined, the drawings show several of the striker assembly components discussed with respect toFIG. 5. Bolt sleeve601houses a portion of the striker603and is connected to the safety lever602. Bolt sleeve601also houses a spring-loaded pressure pin605, axle606, index pin607, and compression spring610. Firing pin spring608is wrapped around striker603, and is in mechanical engagement with the bolt sleeve603and the sleeve609. Contact surface615is configured to mechanically engage a firing pin contact surface in a bolt head (not shown).

FIG. 7shows an embodiment of a bolt head701with a floating firing pin709according to the present disclosure. The bolt head701in this embodiment features a triangular head portion721configured to mate with a corresponding receiver and chassis system (not shown) using locking lugs723, but a bolt head with a floating firing pin may have any shape appropriate to fit within a corresponding receiver and lock or unlock the bolt assembly in the desired position. For instance, the bolt head701in this embodiment may be inserted into a receiver and chassis system and rotated by 60 degrees, for example, to engage or disengage the locking lugs723in a barrel extension. Head portion721features an engagement surface717against which the generally flat striker end of an ammunition cartridge may contact. Typically, engagement surface717is configured to accommodate a specific caliber cartridge. For example, the diameter and/or depth of the engagement surface717may depend on the associated caliber cartridge. The engagement surface717features a small opening or hole through which primer contact surface713of the floating firing pin709may pass to contact the cartridge primer. In this embodiment, the floating firing pin709may be positioned inside the bolt head701when fully assembled. Compression spring708biases the floating firing pin709in a retracted position away from the engagement surface717.

The shape of the floating firing pin may depend on a number of design factors, such as the manner in which the floating firing pin709is retained by the bolt head and moves through the bolt head. In the embodiment shown, the floating firing pin709has an hourglass body. The cylindrical portion725at the front end of the floating firing pin709is configured to protrude through the small opening or hole of the engagement surface717, which in turn enables primer contact surface713to strike the primer when the firing mechanism is engaged. Because of the spring force, the floating firing pin709does not move toward the small opening, and thus does not contact the primer, unless a sufficient force acts upon it. A striker assembly such as discussed above may be configured to provide the force to overcome the spring tension on the firing pin709when a user engages the firing mechanism. Also, spring-loading the floating firing pin as shown in this embodiment essentially eliminates dwell time. Larger cylindrical portion727may be used to seat the compression spring708, which rests against pin flange731and a counter-surface (not shown) inside the bolt head701. Backside flange729limits the movement of the floating firing pin709inside the bolt head701as will be discussed elsewhere herein. As can be seen, the body of the floating firing pin709in this embodiment has an hourglass shape, forming a gap between flanges731and729. The gap may conform to the shape of spiral pin710to keep the floating firing pin709in position, and also traps debris from routine operation of the firearm. The floating firing pin709also includes striker contact surface712for contacting the front end of a striker of a striker assembly (not shown), such as the striker assembly embodiments inFIGS. 5 and 6. Disconnecting the firing pin from the striker, such as shown in this embodiment, allows the firing pin to float in the bolt head and prevents the firing mechanism from engaging unless the bolt assembly is properly assembled and inserted into the firearm.

A bolt head with a floating firing pin may feature means for removably connecting to a hollow bolt body and striker assembly. The connection means may also force the components to self-align, such that the bolt assembly (and thus the firing mechanism) cannot operate if the components are not properly connected and aligned. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 7, T-shaped locking structure715is configured to slidably mate or interlock with a corresponding T-shaped groove in a bolt body, such as the bolt body embodiment shown inFIG. 4. In this embodiment, the bolt head701may be manually connected to a hollow bolt body by pressing the T-shaped locking structure715into a corresponding T-shaped groove, thereby interlocking the components and aligning the bolt head701for proper insertion into a receiver/chassis system (not shown) and proper mechanical interaction with other components of the firearm.

Bolt head portion721may feature an extractor mechanism, such as the extractor711, extractor detent706, and compression spring707mechanisms shown in the embodiment depicted inFIG. 7. The following generally describes a procedure for a cycle of operation:

Loading requires the manual operation of pushing the bolt assembly forward causing the bolt head to strip a cartridge from the magazine and feed/push it into the chamber than locking the bolt assembly into the barrel extension. The extractor mechanism (711) is configured to snap over by way of extractor detent706and extractor compression spring707and clamp a portion of the cartridge case securing it to the bolt face.

Once the cartridge is fired, the manual operation of un-locking the bolt assembly is required to remove the spent casing which is the first part of the un-loading sequence. The manual operation of lifting the Bolt Arm in an upward motion (un-locking) the bolt assembly from the chamber and or barrel extension.

After unlocking occurs the manual operation of retracting the bolt assembly rearward to remove the spent/empty casing from the chamber is called extraction, this operation is made possible by way of the extractor mechanism711which during the loading sequence has already clamped a portion of the rim of the cartridge case.

As the Bolt Assembly continues to extract the spent cartridge case the ejector mechanism (703) is configured to apply continuous upward force by way of the Ejector Compression Spring (705) to the base of spent cartridge case. As the rearward movement of the Bolt Assembly continues the ejector is placing continued spring loaded force on the base of the casing, only until the neck and shoulder of the spent casing clear the ejection port opening of the receiver the applied force of the ejector violently throws the spent casing out of the control of the Extractor and away from the receiver of the rifle.

The cycle of operation is repeated.

FIGS. 8A and 8Bshow side, front, and top views of an embodiment of a bolt head801with a floating firing pin809.FIG. 8Ashows the floating firing pin809in a retracted position, in which compression spring808biases the firing pin809away from the opening on engagement surface817. The extractor mechanism811is described above, with respect toFIG. 7. The bolt head801may be in the retracted position when separate from the bolt assembly, and if desired, the bolt head801may be configured to remain in the retracted position when assembled with a bolt body (not shown) and striker assembly (also not shown). For instance, the relative positions of the components may be configured such that the striker assembly makes minimal contact with striker contact surface812, thereby not altering the position of the firing pin809, until the firing mechanism is engaged. As can be seen in the drawings, the bolt head801in this embodiment includes a channel for receiving a portion of the striker assembly that, upon engaging the firing mechanism, contacts striker contact surface812. Alternatively, the striker assembly may contact the striker contact surface812when the bolt assembly is assembled, such that the floating firing pin809moves forward by a predetermined distance. For example, a portion of the striker may remain in the channel and in contact with striker contact surface812, such that upon engaging the firing mechanism, the striker and striker contact surface812overcome spring tension and move forward for primer contact surface813to contact a cartridge.

FIG. 8Bshows the floating firing pin809in an engaged or firing position, such as when the firing mechanism has been engaged. As can be seen, the firing pin809has moved forward in the direction of the arrow such that cylindrical portion825partially protrudes through the opening in engagement surface817, thereby permitting primer contact surface813to contact a cartridge primer (not shown). The engaged configuration shown inFIG. 8Bmay be caused by a striker assembly (not shown) striking striker contact surface812with sufficient force to overcome the spring tension from spring808, such as when a trigger is pulled, releasing a striker forward to contact the firing pin809. Typically, the firing pin809remains in the firing position shown inFIG. 8(b)for a short period of time, because compression spring808forces the firing pin809to retract immediately after the striker (not shown) retracts.

FIGS. 9A and 9Bshow side and top schematics of an assembled embodiment of a modular bolt assembly900according to the present disclosure. The bolt assembly900includes bolt head901with a floating firing pin907, hollow bolt body903, and striker assembly905. Striker assembly905is mated with the hollow bolt body903by threaded connections (not shown), and held in properly alignment by index pin911. Bolt head901is mated with the hollow bolt body903by locking mechanism913, including T-shaped interlock915as described above. As can be seen, firing pin907is in contact with striker909, such that forward movement by the striker909, such as from engagement of the firing mechanism, also moves the firing pin907forward to contact a cartridge primer (not shown).