Container retention and release apparatus having integral swaybrace and retention features

Container retention and release apparatus are disclosed. An example container retention and release apparatus includes an actuator and a swaybrace and retention assembly pivotally coupled to the actuator. The swaybrace and retention assembly is to pivot relative to the actuator between a first position to retain a container and a second position to release the container. The swaybrace and retention assembly includes a swaybrace arm having a receptacle to engage a post of a container. The swaybrace arm to pivot between the first position to cause the receptacle to engage the post of the container to retain the container and the second position to cause the receptacle to disengage the post to release the container.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates generally to aircraft and, more particularly, to container retention and release apparatus having integral swaybrace and retention features.

BACKGROUND

When suspending disposable containers (e.g., a weapon, a payload, a cargo container, etc.) from aircraft, it is desirable to provide suitable chocks or swaybraces to steady the container while carrying the container in flight to the point at which the container is released. Military aircraft that are used to dispense bombs, rockets, and other stores in flight usually include racks located beneath the wings and/or fuselage, or in weapon bays designed to release the stores upon command. Commercial aircraft that are used to dispense containers in flight usually include a retention and/or release system located beneath the fuselage (e.g., a belly of the fuselage).

SUMMARY

In some examples, a container retention and release apparatus includes an actuator and a swaybrace and retention assembly pivotally coupled to the actuator. The swaybrace and retention assembly is to pivot relative to the actuator between a first position to retain a container and a second position to release the container. The swaybrace and retention assembly includes a swaybrace arm having a receptacle to engage a post of a container. The swaybrace arm is to pivot between the first position to cause the receptacle to engage the post of the container to retain the container and the second position to cause the receptacle to disengage the post to release the container.

In some examples, a container retention and release apparatus includes a first ejector assembly including: a first cylinder; a first piston movably coupled to the first cylinder; and a first swaybrace coupled to a first end of the first piston. The first swaybrace has a first arm pivotally coupled relative to the first piston and a second arm pivotally coupled relative to the first piston. The first arm includes at least one of a first receptacle to interface with a first post of a container or a first retainer to interface with a first opening of the container, and the second arm including at least one of a second receptacle to interface with a second post of the container or a second retainer to interface with a second opening of the container.

In some examples, a method to improve retention and deployment of a container, the method including: moving an actuator between a first stroke position and a second stroke position; and releasing the container by pivoting a swaybrace relative to the container to remove at least one of a first receptacle from a post of a container or a first retainer pin from a first opening of the container.

Certain examples are shown in the above-identified figures and described in detail below. In describing these examples, like or identical reference numbers are used to identify the same or similar elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the figures can be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic for clarity and/or conciseness. As used in this patent, stating that any part is in any way positioned on (e.g., located on, disposed on, formed on, coupled to, etc.) another part, means that the referenced part is either in contact with the other part, or that the referenced part is spaced from the other part with one or more intermediate part(s) located therebetween. Stating that any part is in contact with another part means that there is no intermediate part between the two parts. Additionally, several examples have been described throughout this specification. Any features from any example can be included with, a replacement for, or otherwise combined with other features from other examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Containers (e.g., stores, weapons, missiles, etc.) can be attached to and released from an aircraft. Containers can be used to carry munitions or other material (e.g., bombs, rockets, missiles, rations, etc.) to be dropped from the aircraft upon command. To carry and dispense containers upon command, aircraft often employ container retention and release apparatus (e.g., bomb racks) located beneath the wings and/or fuselage.

However, when coupled beneath the wings and/or fuselage, containers (e.g., missiles) can be exposed to many sources of mechanical vibration that can affect system reliability, safety, and mission effectiveness. One of the most significant exposures to vibration occurs when a missile is being carried by an aircraft (e.g., a military aircraft, a helicopter) or other aviation platform, which is a condition known as captive carry.

Some known container ejector apparatus employ hooks and/or other retention apparatus to hold the container in captive carry flight. To this end, additional structural contact points within the container are often needed for swaybraces and/or retainers to constrain the container in captive carry flight. For example, the containers typically include protruding lugs, hangers, and/or other fasteners that provide the container attachment points which couple with the swaybraces and/or other retainers to constrain the container. However, the protruding lugs, hangers, and/or other retention contact points result in aerodynamic drag on the container (e.g., a missile) after release of the container from the host aircraft while in free flight of the container that reduces container or weapon performance (e.g., a flight range of a missile). The separate lugs/hangers and/or swaybrace contact points add structural weight to the container and reduce available volume for payload within the container. To engage a hook mechanism of a conventional container retention and release apparatus, a container is accurately positioned or aligned (e.g., vertically) relative to the container retention and release apparatus. Some containers (e.g., weapons) include foldable lugs to mitigate the aerodynamic and/or detectability penalty due to protruding lugs or hangers. However, the use of foldable lugs results in loss of internal volume in a container, increased weight of the container, increased difficulty of loading the container on an aircraft, and/or can cause additional difficulties for a container loading crew. Additionally, most conventional container retention and release apparatus do not control roll and/or yaw of a container during ejection of the container. Some known container ejector apparatus incorporate a constrained container release system that reduces container yaw during ejection.

Example container retention and release apparatus (e.g., a bomb rack) disclosed herein retain and release a captively carried container in-flight. To retain and release a container, example container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein employ an example retention apparatus (e.g., a claw). In some examples, the retention apparatus matably engages an external interface (e.g., a post) of a container. For example, example retention apparatus (e.g., a bomb rack) disclosed herein interfaces with one or more lugs, pins, posts or other protrusions of a container external to an outer mold line (OML) of the store or container. Specifically, example container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein reduce a size of a lug or post (e.g., a pin, a hanger) compared to known protruding lugs, hangers and/or attach points. In this manner, the container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein improve aerodynamic characteristics (e.g., a smooth outer surface), thereby improving a range of the container and/or reducing detectability of the container by radar. Additionally, the lugs or posts disclosed herein do not protrude into the container to accommodate rocket motors and are now part of the container body instead of the ejector rack. In some examples, container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein can be employed with rail-type launch systems. In some examples, the retention apparatus contacts the container only at the swaybrace contact points, thereby eliminating the need for additional frames in the container for lugs or posts, which reduces container weight and increases internal volume available for payload. Further, the container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein are extendable to facilitate loading of a container with the retention apparatus. In some examples, example retention apparatus disclosed herein can be manually extended to aid with positioning a container during a loading operation.

In some examples, container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein allow a container to roll in a roll direction (e.g., by less than 9 degrees in the roll direction) during ejection. In some examples, the container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein fully constrain a container in a roll direction, a yaw direction and a pitch axis during ejection, which reduces (e.g., minimizes) space required for both internally and externally carried weapons and/or a dimension (e.g., a height) of example container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein.

In some examples, a retention apparatus disclosed herein includes an integral retention device and swaybrace assembly. In some examples, an example retention device and swaybrace assembly includes one or more retention apertures coupled to one or more swaybrace arms. In some examples, to retain and/or release a container, the retention apparatus (e.g., a swaybrace of the retention apparatus) pivotally couples to an actuator (e.g., to an actuation member such as a piston of an actuator) of the container release and retention apparatus.

FIG. 1is an aircraft100that can be implemented with an example container retention and release apparatus constructed in accordance with teachings of this disclosure. For example, example container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein can implement a bomb rack that retains and/or releases a container102(e.g., a store, a weapon, a missile, etc.) of the aircraft100ofFIG. 1. The example teachings disclosed herein are not limited to the aircraft100ofFIG. 1. For example, the container retention and release apparatus disclosed herein can be implemented with other types of aircraft such as, for example, vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, military aircraft, helicopters, drones, commercial aircraft, and/or any other type of aircraft.

FIGS. 2A and 2Bare perspective views of an example container retention and release apparatus200disclosed herein.FIG. 2Ais a perspective view of a first side200aof the example container retention and release apparatus200.FIG. 2Bis a perspective view of a second side200bof the container retention and release apparatus200.FIG. 2Aillustrates the container retention and release apparatus200in an example stored position202.FIG. 2Billustrates the container retention and release apparatus200in an example deployed position204. The aircraft100ofFIG. 1can implement the example container retention and release apparatus200disclosed herein.

To move the container retention and release apparatus200between the stored position202(e.g., shown inFIG. 2A) and the deployed position204(e.g., shown inFIG. 2B), the container retention and release apparatus200of the illustrated example includes a first ejector assembly206, a second ejector assembly208, and an energy source210. The energy source210of the illustrated example can be a pneumatic energy source, a hydraulic energy source, a pyrotechnic energy source and/or any other energy source to provide energy to actuate the first ejector assembly206and the second ejector assembly208. The first ejector assembly206and the second ejector assembly208move together (e.g., synchronously) upon activation of the energy source210to release a container. The second ejector assembly208is identical (e.g., a mirror image) in both structure and function to the first ejector assembly206. For brevity and clarity, the first ejector assembly206will be discussed in conjunction with the second ejector assembly208. The first ejector assembly206and the second ejector assembly208retain and release a container.

To retain and/or release a container, the first ejector assembly206of the illustrated example includes an actuator212and a swaybrace and retention assembly214(e.g., a retention device, a claw, a retainer, a clamp, etc.). Specifically, the swaybrace and retention assembly214is pivotally coupled relative to the actuator212. The actuator212of the illustrated example includes a cylinder216and a piston218movably (e.g., slidably) coupled relative to the cylinder216. The piston218of the illustrated example moves relative to the cylinder216in a rectilinear direction along a longitudinal axis220(FIG. 2B) of the piston218. The swaybrace and retention assembly214of the illustrated example is coupled to the piston218. In particular, the swaybrace and retention assembly214is pivotally coupled to a first end218a(FIG. 2B) of the piston218.

To receive or pivotally support the swaybrace and retention assembly214, the piston218of the illustrated example includes a mounting bracket222(e.g., a mounting plate). Specifically, the mounting bracket222of the illustrated example is integral with the piston218and defines the first end218aof the piston218. For example, the mounting bracket222can be integrally formed with the piston218or coupled to the piston218via welding, a fastener (e.g., a screw, a pin, etc.) and/or otherwise fastened or connected to the piston218. To receive the swaybrace and retention assembly214, the mounting bracket222of the illustrated example includes a first flange222a(e.g., a first plate) spaced from a second flange222b(e.g., a second plate) that define an opening222c.

The swaybrace and retention assembly214of the illustrated example is pivotally coupled to the piston218via the mounting bracket222. The swaybrace and retention assembly214of the illustrated example includes a swaybrace224including a first arm226pivotally coupled to the mounting bracket222about a first pivot228and a second arm230pivotally coupled to the mounting bracket222about a second pivot232different than the first pivot228(e.g., a clam shell configuration). The first flange222aand the second flange222bof the mounting bracket222support the first and second pivots228,232. To this end, the first arm226of the illustrated example pivots about a first pivot axis228aand the second arm230of the illustrated example pivots about a second pivot axis232aspaced from the first pivot axis228a. The first arm226can pivot independently relative to the second arm230.

The first arm226rotates about the first pivot228and the second arm230rotates about the second pivot232in a first direction234(e.g., a first rotational direction away from the piston218or in a downward direction in the orientation ofFIGS. 2A and 2B) to retain a container. The first arm226rotates about the first pivot228and the second arm230rotates about the second pivot232in a second direction236(e.g., a second rotational direction toward the piston218or in an upward direction in the orientation ofFIGS. 2A and 2B) opposite the first direction234to release a container. For example, the first arm226rotates in a clockwise direction in the orientation ofFIG. 2Awhen the first arm226rotates in the first direction234about the first pivot228and the second arm230rotates in a counterclockwise direction in the orientation ofFIG. 2Awhen the second arm230rotates in the first direction234about the second pivot232. The first arm226rotates in a counterclockwise direction in the orientation ofFIG. 2Awhen the first arm226rotates in a second direction236about the second pivot232and the second arm230rotates in a clockwise direction in the orientation ofFIG. 2Awhen the second arm230rotates in the second direction236about the second pivot232.

Referring toFIG. 2B, the first arm226includes a first end226aand a second end226band the second arm230includes a first end230aand a second end230b. A first fastener228b(e.g., a first pin) is received by respective openings of the first flange222a, the second flange222b, and the first end226aof the first arm226to define the first pivot228(e.g., to pivotally couple the first arm226to the piston218via the mounting bracket222). A second fastener232b(e.g., a second pin) is received by respective openings of the first flange222a, the second flange222b, and at least the first end230aof the second arm230to define the second pivot232a(e.g., to pivotally couple the second arm230to the piston218via the mounting bracket222).

To facilitate pivotal movement of the first and second arms226,230, the respective openings of the first end226aof the first arm226, the first end230aof the second arm230, the first end230aof the second arm230and/or the mounting bracket222can include a bushing or a bearing. The first arm226of the illustrated example can pivot independently from the second arm230. In other words, the first arm226is not fixed to the second arm230in such a manner that pivotal movement of one of the first arm226or the second arm230does not cause (e.g., simultaneous) pivotal movement of the other one of the first arm226or the second arm230. In some examples, the first arm226and the second arm230can pivot simultaneously or concurrently.

To retain a container, the swaybrace and retention assembly214of the illustrated example includes a first receptacle240and a second receptacle242. Specifically, the second end226bof the first arm226includes the first receptacle240and the second end230bof the second arm230includes the second receptacle242. The first receptacle240and the second receptacle242of the illustrated example are openings or apertures. In the illustrated example, the first receptacle240and the second receptacle242are holes or through holes. For example the first receptacle240and the second receptacle242extend through a thickness (e.g., an entire thickness) of the first arm226and the second arm230. In some examples, the first receptacle240and/or the second receptacle242partially extend through the first arm226and the second arm230.

To restrict or prevent pivotal movement of the swaybrace and retention assembly214(e.g., the first and second arms226,230) when the container retention and release apparatus200is in the stored position202, the container retention and release apparatus200of the illustrated example includes a lock244. The lock244of the illustrated example prevents pivotal movement of the first arm226and the second arm230in the second direction236(e.g., in the direction toward the piston218) when the container retention and release apparatus200is in the stored position202. The lock244of the illustrated example include a first lock244alocated on the first side200aof the container retention and release apparatus200and a second lock244blocated on the second side200bof the container retention and release apparatus200. Specifically, the first lock244ainterfaces with the first arm226and the second lock244binterfaces with the second arm230. For example, the first lock244aof the illustrated example engages a first surface246(e.g., a bearing surface) of the first arm226(e.g., defined at the first end226aof the first arm226) and the second lock244bengages a second surface248(e.g., a bearing surface) of the second arm230(e.g., defined by the first end230aof the second arm230).

The first lock244aof the illustrated example is a first wedge250aslidably coupled to a first guide250bthat is supported by the cylinder216. For example, the cylinder216includes a first flange252adefining a first recessed opening252bto support the first guide250b. Similarly, the second lock244bof the illustrated example is a second wedge254aslidably coupled to a second guide254bthat is supported by the cylinder216. For example, the cylinder216includes a second flange256adefining a second recessed opening256bto support the second guide254b. To allow the swaybrace and retention assembly214(e.g., to adjust to different stored or initial positions) to accommodate different sized containers (e.g., weapons or stores), the first wedge250ais adjustable along a length of the first guide250band the second wedge254ais adjustable along a length of the second guide254b.

The first guide250bhas a longitudinal axis that is non-parallel relative to horizontal. In other words, the first guide250bis positioned at an angle relative to horizontal (e.g., the first pivot axis228a). The first wedge250aincludes a first tapered surface250cto engage the first surface246of the first arm226. Likewise, the second guide254bhas a longitudinal axis that is non-parallel relative to horizontal. In other words, the second guide254bis positioned at an angle relative to horizontal (e.g., the second pivot axis232a). The second wedge254aincludes a second tapered surface254cto engage the second surface248of the second arm230. To increase a retention force of the lock244when the container retention and release apparatus200is in the stored position202, the first lock244aincludes a first biasing element250d(e.g., a spring) to bias the first lock244atoward the first surface246of the first arm226and the second lock244bincludes a second biasing element254d(e.g., a spring) to bias the second lock244btoward the second surface248of the second arm230. The first biasing element250denables the first wedge250ato adjust along the first guide250band the second biasing element254denables the second wedge254ato adjust along the second guide254bto enable the lock244to accommodate differently sized (e.g., different diameter) containers.

To restrict or prevent (e.g., rectilinear) movement of the piston218relative to the cylinder216when the container retention and release apparatus200is in the stored position202, the container retention and release apparatus200of the illustrated example includes a latch258. The latch258is movable between a first or latched position260to secure the piston218and a second or unlatched position262to release the piston218. The latch258of the illustrated example is coupled to the cylinder216via a bracket264formed with the cylinder216. The latch258is pivotally coupled to the bracket264via a pin266. To engage or couple to the piston218, the latch258of the illustrated example engages or interfaces with a locking flange268formed adjacent the first end218aof the piston218. Specifically, the mounting bracket222of the illustrated example includes the locking flange268. For example, the locking flange268is integrally formed with the mounting bracket222. The locking flange268of the illustrated example is substantially perpendicular relative to the first flange222aand the second flange222b. As used herein, substantially perpendicular means perfectly perpendicular (e.g., 90 degrees) or approximately perpendicular (e.g., within 10% of perfectly perpendicular). Specifically, the latch258of the illustrated example includes a body270having a hook272at a first end270aof the body270that removably couples or engages to the locking flange268of the piston218. To move the latch258between the latched position260and the unlatched position262, the container retention and release apparatus200of the illustrated example includes a drive system274. For example, the drive system274includes a transmission276that operatively couples to a second end270bof the body270. For example, the second end270bis a yoke or clevis end to receive a link (e.g., a bar) of the transmission276. A pin280pivotally couples the second end270bof the body270to the transmission276. The drive system274includes a drive (e.g., a motor, an actuator, etc.) to move or toggle the latch258about the pin266between the latched position260to engage the locking flange268and the unlatched position262to release the locking flange268.

As noted above, the second ejector assembly208is identical to the first ejector assembly206. The second ejector assembly208includes a cylinder216(e.g., a second cylinder), a piston218(e.g., a second piston), a swaybrace and retention assembly214(e.g., a second swaybrace and retention assembly) that includes a first arm226(e.g., a third arm) and a second arm230(e.g., a fourth arm) pivotally coupled to the piston218via a mounting bracket222(e.g., a second mounting plate), a first receptacle240(e.g., a third receptacle), a second receptacle242(e.g., a fourth receptacle), the lock244and the latch258. The first ejector assembly206and the second ejector assembly208of the illustrated example operate together to move a container between the stored position202and the deployed position204.

FIG. 3Ais a perspective view of a container300that can be retained by the container retention and release apparatus200ofFIGS. 2A and 2B.FIG. 3Bis an enlarged, perspective view of the container retention and release apparatus200ofFIGS. 2A and 2Band the container300ofFIG. 3A. The container300of the illustrated example is a store or weapon (e.g., the container102ofFIG. 1). The container300includes a body302having a cylindrical shape. The body302of the illustrated example includes a plurality of posts304a-d(e.g., posts). The posts304a-dof the illustrated example are cylindrically shaped posts that protrude from an outer surface306of the body302. To mount the container300to the container retention and release apparatus200, respective ones of the first receptacles240receive respective ones of the posts304aand304cand respective ones of the second receptacles242receive respective ones of the posts304band304d. The posts304a-dof the illustrated example have a cylindrically-shaped body. Each of the posts304a-dhas a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the first and second receptacles240-242. The first and second receptacles240,242have openings and/or profiles that are complementary to the shapes or profiles of the posts304a-d. Thus, the first and second receptacles matably receive the posts304a-d. The posts304a-dand the first and second receptacles240,242of the illustrated example have the same shapes or profiles (e.g., cylindrical shapes).

FIGS. 4A and 4Bare partial, perspective views of other example containers400and401disclosed herein. The container400ofFIG. 4Aincludes posts400a-d(e.g., posts) that protrude from an outer surface403of the container400. The posts400a-dinclude curved surfaces402and straight (e.g., flat) surfaces404. Posts401a-dof the container401have a rectangular shape. The first and second receptacles240,242can be shaped or configured to receive the posts400a-dand/or the posts401a-d. In other examples, one or more of the posts304a-dand/or the first and second receptacles240,242can have different shapes or profiles. For example, in some examples, one or more of the posts304a-dand a corresponding one or more of the first and second receptacles240,242can have a diamond shape, a square shape, a hexagonal shape, a rectangular shape, semi-circular shape, and/or any other polygonal shape and/or any other shape(s). In some examples, non-cylindrically shaped posts and/or receptacles provide an increased bearing area (e.g., a larger surface area) compared to the cylindrically-shaped shaped posts304a-dand/or the first and second receptacles240,242, and thereby increase a load carrying capability to enable the container retention and release apparatus to carry heavier containers (weapons) compared to, for example, the container retention and release apparatus200ofFIGS. 2A and 2B. For example, a round pin in a round receptacle has lower bearing load capability and also lower shear strength than, for example, a non-cylindrical retention pin in a non-cylindrical opening or receptacle. Additionally, the polygonal-shaped posts can be less susceptible to radar detection. For example, the posts can be shaped and/or oriented to reflect radar signals transmitted by a radar transmitter away from the radar transmitter to reduce detectability of the container (e.g., a store) by radar. In contrast, a cylindrically-shaped receptacle cannot be tailored to reduce detectability by radar, whereas a non-cylindrically shaped receptacle (e.g., a square, a diamond, a hex, etc.) can be orientated to reduce detectability by radar. The posts may be coated with radar absorbent material to further reduce detectability by radar.

FIG. 5is a perspective view of the container retention and release apparatus200ofFIGS. 2A and 2Bcoupled to the container300ofFIG. 3. The container retention and release apparatus200is in the stored position202. The first receptacle240of the first arm226of the first ejector assembly206receives the first post304aand the second receptacle242of the second arm230receives the second post304b. Likewise, the first receptacle240of the first arm226of the second ejector assembly208receives the third post304cand the second receptacle242of the second arm230of the second ejector assembly208receives the fourth post304d. The swaybrace and retention assembly214of the first ejector assembly206and the swaybrace and retention assembly214of the second ejector assembly208retain (e.g., clamp) the container300in a stored position. In the stored position202, the swaybrace and retention assembly214is in a clamping position500and provides a clamping or holding force to retain the container300coupled to the container retention and release apparatus200. Specifically, the interaction between the first and second arms226,230relative to the container300and the interaction between the locks244and the first and second arms226,230generate the clamping and holding force provided by the swaybrace and retention assembly214.

FIG. 6is a front, cross-sectional view of the container retention and release apparatus200and the container300taken along6-6ofFIG. 5. In the stored position202, the piston218of the first ejector assembly206(and the piston218of the second ejector assembly208) is in a first stroke position602(and the piston218of the second ejector assembly208). The cylinder216of the illustrated example defines a cavity604to receive (e.g., at least a portion of) the piston218when the piston218is in the first stroke position602. The cylinder216includes a port606to receive energy (e.g., pneumatic air, hydraulic oil, etc.) from the energy source210. The piston218of the illustrated example includes a first or inner portion608(e.g., including a piston head) and a second or outer portion610(e.g., a sleeve). Specifically, the inner portion608is slidably coupled to the outer portion610, and the inner and outer portions608,610are slidably coupled to the cylinder216. For example, the inner portion608is nested with the outer portion610when the piston218is in the first stroke position602. In the stored position, the latch258is in the latched position260. For example, the hook272is engaged with the locking flange268of the piston218to prevent the inner portion608and the outer portion610from moving relative to the cylinder216. Specifically, inner portion608of the piston218includes a shoulder612(e.g., formed via an annular recess on an outer surface of the inner portion608) that is to engage a first end610aof the outer portion610to restrict movement of the outer portion610relative to the inner portion608.

In the stored position202, the swaybrace and retention assembly214and the locks244provide the clamping or holding force to retain the container300coupled to the container retention and release apparatus200. Specifically, the interaction between the first and second arms226,230relative to the container300and the interaction between the locks244and the first and second arms226,230generate the clamping and holding force provided by the swaybrace and retention assembly214. The first and second locks244a,244bare in engagement with the respective first and second surfaces246,248of the first and second arms226,230and prevent or restrict rotation of the first and second arms226,230about the respective first and second pivots228,232in the second direction236. In turn, the first and second wedges250a,254aimpart forces to the respective first and second arms226,230in the first direction234. Additionally, at least a portion of the first arm226and the second arm230are in engagement with the outer surface306of the body302.

Additionally, the first receptacle240of the first arm226receives or engages (e.g., at least a portion of) the first post304aof the container300and the second receptacle242of the second arm230receives or engages (e.g., at least a portion of) the second post304b. To this end, engagement between the first lock244aand the first surface246, engagement between the first arm226and the outer surface306of the container300, and engagement between the first post304aand the first receptacle240prevents rotation of the first arm226about the first pivot228ain the first direction234and the second direction236. Likewise, engagement between the second lock244band the second surface248, engagement between the second arm230and the outer surface306of the container300, and engagement between the second post304band the second receptacle242prevents rotation of the second arm230about the second pivot axis232ain the first direction234and the second direction236. Each of the first receptacle240and the second receptacle242has a longitudinal axis614that is angled or canted relative to the longitudinal axis220of the piston218. For example, the longitudinal axes614are at an angle of between approximately 25 degrees and 85 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis220. Thus, the first arm226and the second arm230provide the clamping or holding force in a direction toward the body302of the container300(e.g., along the longitudinal axes614of the respective first and second receptacles240,242). Further, engagement between the first post304aand the second post304bwith the respective first and second arms226,230when inserted in the first and second receptacles240,242provides a bearing force to retain the container300coupled to the swaybrace and retention assembly214.

FIG. 7is a front, cross-sectional view similar toFIG. 6, but showing the container retention and release apparatus200in the deployed position204and the swaybrace and retention assembly214in an intermediate clamping position700. In the deployed position204, the container retention and release apparatus200moves the container300away from the cylinder216(e.g., away from the aircraft100) to release the container300. To move the container retention and release apparatus200to the deployed position204, the drive system274(FIGS. 2A and 2B) disengages or releases the latch258from the piston218. Specifically, the latch258moves to the unlatched position262shown inFIG. 2B. The energy source210provides energy (e.g., pressurized fluid) in the cavity604via the port606of the cylinder216that imparts a force on a second side702of the piston218opposite the first end218ato cause the piston218to move to a second stroke position704(e.g., an end of stroke position). The piston218moves to the second stroke position704to position the container300away from the cylinder216prior to releasing the container300from the container retention and release apparatus200. When the piston218exits the cylinder216(e.g., the piston218moves from the first stroke position602to the second stroke position704), the outer portion610slides relative to the cylinder216(with the inner portion608nested with the outer portion610). Specifically, the outer portion610moves relative to the cylinder216until a first shoulder706of the outer portion610engages a second shoulder708of the cylinder216. Engagement between the first shoulder706of the outer portion610and the second shoulder708of the cylinder216causes the inner portion608to move relative to the outer portion610. Specifically, the inner portion608moves relative to the outer portion610in a direction away from the cylinder216until a third shoulder710of the inner portion608engages a fourth shoulder712of the outer portion610. Thus, the piston218moves to the second stroke position704(e.g., an end of stroke position) when the first shoulder706engages the second shoulder708(e.g., the outer portion610is in a fully extended position relative to the cylinder216) and the third shoulder710engages the fourth shoulder712(e.g., the inner portion608is in a fully extended position relative to the outer portion610). During extension of the piston218from the cylinder216(e.g., as the piston218moves from the first stroke position602to the second stroke position704), the swaybrace and retention assembly214can rotate freely (e.g., the first and second arms226,230can rotate about the first and second pivots228,232). However, ejection forces generated by the energy source210maintain the swaybrace and retention assembly214in the intermediate clamping position700(as the piston218moves to the deployed position204). In the intermediate clamping position700, the first and second arms226,230remain engaged with the outer surface306of the container300. In other words, the first and second posts304a,304bremain engaged with the respective first and second receptacles240,242when the piston218moves between the first stroke position602and the second stroke position704. However, the swaybrace and retention assembly214is in the intermediate clamping position700because the first and second arms226,230are not in engagement with the respective first and second locks244a,244b.

FIG. 8is a front, cross-sectional view similar toFIGS. 6 and 7, but showing the container retention and release apparatus200in the deployed position204and the swaybrace and retention assembly214in a release position800. As the piston218reaches the second stroke position704(e.g., an end of stroke position), inertia of the container300imparts a moment force on the swaybrace and retention assembly214. The moment force causes the first arm226and the second arm230to rotate about the respective first and second pivots228,232, causing the second ends226b,230bof the first and second arms226,230to rotate in the second direction236. As the first and second arms226,230rotate about the respective first and second pivots228,232in the second direction236, the first and second arms226,230move away from the container300to disengage the container300. Additionally, the first post304adisengages or withdraws from the first receptacle240and the second post304bdisengages or withdraws from the second receptacle242, thereby releasing the container300. A dimensional clearance between the first and second receptacles240,242and the respective first and second posts304a,304benables the first and second arms226,230to rotate to release the container300. Thus, the swaybrace and retention assembly214(e.g., the first and second arms226,230) pivot between the clamping position500to cause the first and second receptacles240,242to engage the respective first and second posts304a,304bof the container300and the release position800to cause the first and second receptacles240,242to disengage the respective first and second posts304a-b.

The example container retention and release apparatus200of the illustrated example controls an orientation of the container300and/or motion thereof during an ejection event. For example, the container retention and release apparatus200of the illustrated example controls an orientation and/or motion of the container300in all three major axes (e.g., the pitch axis, the roll axis and the yaw axis) by physically retaining the container300throughout the ejection of the container (e.g., as the piston218moves from the first stroke position602to the second stroke position704). The independently pivoting first and second arms226,230eliminate rotation of the container300about its longitudinal axis and, thereby, eliminate a potential for the container300to roll during the ejection of the container. Additionally, the first and second arms226,230reduce (e.g., minimize) space requirements for both internally and externally carried weapons. For example, the swaybrace and retention assembly214(e.g., the first and second arms226,230) reduce space needed for the first and second arms226,230and reduce a height that is needed for the first ejector assembly206and the second ejector assembly208.

FIGS. 9, 12, and 13illustrate other example container retention and release apparatus900,1200and1300disclosed herein. For example, the example container retention and release apparatus900,1200and1300can implement a bomb rack of the aircraft100ofFIG. 1. Those components of the example container retention and release apparatus900,1200and1300ofFIGS. 9, 12, and 13that are substantially similar or identical to the components of the container retention and release apparatus200described above and that have functions substantially similar or identical to the functions of those components will not be described in detail again below. Instead, the interested reader is referred to the above corresponding descriptions. To facilitate this process, identical reference numbers will be used for like structures.

FIG. 9is a perspective view of another example container retention and release apparatus900disclosed herein.FIG. 9illustrates the container retention and release apparatus900in a stored position902. The container retention and release apparatus900of the illustrated example includes a first ejector assembly206, a second ejector assembly904, and an energy source210. The first ejector assembly206is identical to the first ejector assembly206ofFIGS. 2A and 2B. The second ejector assembly904of the illustrated example include a cylinder216, a piston218, a lock244, a latch258, and a drive system274. However, the container retention and release apparatus900includes a swaybrace and retention assembly906that is different from the swaybrace and retention assembly214of the container retention and release apparatus200. The swaybrace and retention assembly906of the illustrated example includes a first arm226pivotally coupled to a mounting bracket222via a first pivot228and a second arm230pivotally coupled to the mounting bracket222via a second pivot232. To retain a container, the swaybrace and retention assembly906of the illustrated example includes a first retainer908and a second retainer910. The first retainer908is coupled to (e.g., carried by) the first arm226and the second retainer910is coupled to (e.g., carried by) of the second arm230. The first retainer908is coupled (e.g., threadably coupled, welded, fastened or integrally formed) to the first arm226and the second retainer910is coupled (e.g., threadably coupled, welded, fastened or integrally formed) to the second arm230. For example, the first retainer908is coupled to a first opening (e.g., the first receptacle240ofFIG. 2A) and the second retainer910is coupled to a second opening (e.g., the second receptacle242ofFIG. 2A).

FIG. 10Ais a perspective view of a container1000that can be retained by the container retention and release apparatus900ofFIG. 9. The container1000of the illustrated example is a store or weapon (e.g., the container102ofFIG. 1). The container1000has a plurality of posts304a,304band a plurality of openings1002a,1002b(e.g., receptacles). The first and second receptacles240,242of the first ejector assembly206receive the first and second posts304a-band first and second openings1002a,1002bof the container1000receive respective ones of the first and second retainers908and910of the second ejector assembly904.

FIG. 10Bis a cross-sectional view of the container1000ofFIG. 10Ashowing the first and second openings1002a,1002b. The first and second openings1002a,1002bare bores formed in an outer surface of a body1004of the container1000. The body1004supporting the first and second openings1002a,1002bis reinforced (e.g., has a greater thickness or greater amount of material).

FIG. 10Cis a cross-sectional view of another example container1001disclosed herein including a first cover1006located in the first opening1002aand a second cover1008(different than the first cover1006) located in the second opening1002b. The first cover1006and the second cover1008are movably coupled relative to the body1004of the container1000. The first cover1006and the second cover1008are movable between an open position to receive a respective one of the first and second retainers908and910when the container1001is coupled to the container retention and release apparatus900and a closed position when the container1001is released from the container retention and release apparatus900. In the closed position, an outer surface1010of each of the first cover1006and the second cover1008is flush relative to an outer surface1012of a body1004a. To this end, the openings1002a,1002bdoes not affect an aerodynamic characteristic (e.g., performance) of the container1001when the container1001is released from the container retention and release apparatus900.

The first cover1006of the illustrated example is biased toward the closed position via one or more biasing elements1014(e.g., a coil spring). The biasing elements1014are positioned between a first spring seat1016and a second spring seat1018. The first spring seat1016of the illustrated example includes apertures or bores formed on an inner surface of the cover1006that receives a first end of the biasing elements1014and the second spring seat1018is a support plate to receive a second end of the biasing elements1014. The cover1008of the illustrated example is biased toward the closed position via a biasing element1020(e.g., a coil spring). The biasing element1020is positioned between a first spring seat1022and a second spring seat1024(e.g., defined by a plate). The second cover1008includes a stem1026that extends through the second spring seat1024. A fastener1028is coupled to an end of the stem and provides a stop when the cover1008moves to a closed position (e.g., as shown inFIG. 10B). When the second retainer910is inserted in the second opening1002b, the second retainer910causes the second cover1008to move toward the second spring seat1024, causing the fastener1028to move away from the second spring seat1024. When the second retainer910is withdrawn from the second opening1002b, the biasing element1020causes the cover1008to move away from the second spring seat1024until the fastener1028engages the second spring seat1024. In some examples, the first and second openings1002a,1002band/or the covers1006,1008can be coated with a radar absorbent material to reduce detectability by radar.

FIG. 11is a cross-sectional view of the container retention and release apparatus900coupled to the container1000. In the stored position202, the piston218of the second ejector assembly904is in a first stroke position602(and the piston218of the first ejector assembly206is in the first stroke position602). The swaybrace and retention assembly906is in a clamping position1100and provides a clamping or holding force to retain the container1000. Specifically, the interaction between the first and second retainers908,910relative to the container1000and the interaction between the lock244and the first and second arms226,230generate the clamping and holding force provided by the swaybrace and retention assembly906. For example, in the stored position202, the first and second locks244a,244bare in engagement with the respective first and second surfaces246,248of the first and second arms226,230to prevent or restrict rotation of the first and second arms226,230in the second direction236. In turn, the first and second wedges250a,254aimpart forces to the respective first and second arms226,230in the first direction234. Additionally, the first retainer908and the second retainer910are in engagement with an outer surface1104of the body1004. Each of the first and second retainers908,910includes a flange1106to engage (e.g., brace against) the outer surface1104of the container1000. Additionally, a first pin1108of the first retainer908is engaged with (e.g., at least partially inserted in) the first opening1002aand a second pin1110of the second retainer910is engaged with (e.g., at least partially inserted in) the second opening1002b. To this end, engagement between the first lock244aand the first surface246and the engagement between the flange1106of the first retainer908and the outer surface1104of the container1000prevents rotation of the first arm226about the first pivot228in the first direction234and the second direction236. Likewise, engagement between the second lock244band the second surface248and the engagement between the flange1106of the second retainer910and the outer surface1104of the container1000prevents rotation of the second arm230about the second pivot232in the first direction234and the second direction236. Each of the first pin1108and the second pin1110has a longitudinal axis1112that is angled or canted relative to the longitudinal axis220of the piston218. For example, the longitudinal axes1112are at an angle of between approximately 25 degrees and 85 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis220. Thus, the first arm226and the second arm230provide the clamping or holding force in a direction toward the body1004of the container1000(e.g., along the longitudinal axes1112of the respective first and second pins1108,1110). Further, engagement between the first retainer908(e.g., the first pin1108) and the second retainer910(e.g., the second pin1110) with the respective first and second openings1002a,1002bprovides a bearing force to retain the container1000coupled to the swaybrace and retention assembly906.

FIG. 12is a perspective view of another example container retention and release apparatus1200disclosed herein.FIG. 12illustrates the container retention and release apparatus1200in a deployed position204. The container retention and release apparatus1200includes a first ejector assembly1202, a second ejector assembly1204, and an energy source210. The first ejector assembly1202and the second ejector assembly1204of the illustrated example are substantially similar to the first ejector assembly206and the second ejector assembly208ofFIGS. 2A and 2B. For example, each of the first ejector assembly1202and the second ejector assembly1204includes a cylinder216, a piston218, a lock244, a latch258, and a drive system274.

However, the container retention and release apparatus1200includes a swaybrace and retention assembly1206that is different from the swaybrace and retention assembly214of the container retention and release apparatus200. To pivotally couple the swaybrace and retention assembly1206to the piston218, the container retention and release apparatus1200includes a mounting bracket1208. The swaybrace and retention assembly1206of the illustrated example includes a swaybrace having a first arm1210and a second arm1212pivotally coupled to the mounting bracket1208about a pivot1214(e.g., a common pivot or a common axis). Although the first arm1210and the second arm1212are pivotally coupled about the pivot1214(e.g., a common pivot), the first arm1210is not fixed to the second arm1212in such a manner that pivotal movement of one of the first arm1210or the second arm1212does not cause (e.g., simultaneous) pivotal movement of the other one of the first arm1210or the second arm1212. In some examples, the first arm1210and the second arm1212can pivot simultaneously or concurrently relative to the pivot1214. The first arm1210includes a first end1210aand a second end1210b. The first end1210aof the first arm1210has a first flange1216and a second flange1218spaced from the first flange1216(e.g., a yoke or clevis). The second arm1212includes a first end1212aand a second end1212b. The first end1212aof the second arm1212is located or positioned between the first flange1216and the second flange1218when the first arm1210is coupled to the second arm1212. For example, the first end1210aof the first arm1210and the first end1212aof the second arm1212form a yoke and rod end connection. A fastener1220(e.g., a pin) is received by respective openings of the mounting bracket1208and the first ends1210a,1212aof the first and second arms1210,1212to define the pivot1214(e.g., to pivotally couple the first and second arms1210,1212to the piston218via the mounting bracket1208). To facilitate pivotal movement of the first and second arms1210,1212, the respective openings of the mounting bracket1208and/or opening of the first ends1210a,1212aof the first and second arms1210,1212can include a bushing or a bearing. The second end1210bof the first arm1210includes a first receptacle240to receive a post of a container and the second end1212bof the second arm1212includes a second receptacle242to receive a post of a container. The container retention and release apparatus1200operates substantially similar to the container retention and release apparatus200ofFIGS. 2A and 2B.

FIG. 13Aillustrates another example container retention and release apparatus1300disclosed herein.FIG. 13Bis a front view of the example container retention and release apparatus1300ofFIG. 13A. The container retention and release apparatus1300of the illustrated example is a rail launch and ejection apparatus1302. The rail launch and ejection apparatus1302can be employed to launch the container300ofFIG. 3A. The rail launch and ejection apparatus1302of the illustrated example includes a first channel1304and a second channel1306. The first channel1304receives (e.g. slidably receives) the posts304a,304cof the container300and the second channel1306receives (e.g. slidably receives) the posts304b,304dof the container300. The rail launch and ejection apparatus1302includes a lock1308to prevent movement of the container300when coupled to the rail launch and ejection apparatus1302. In some examples, the rail launch and ejection apparatus1302can be employed to launch the example containers400and401ofFIGS. 4A and 4B. To release (e.g., launch) the container300, the lock1308is positioned to an open position and the container300moves relative to the rail launch and ejection apparatus1302. For example, the posts304a,304cslide along the first channel1304until the second post304cexits an end of the first channel1304and the posts304b,304cslide along the second channel1306until the post304dexits an end of the second channel1306.

FIG. 14illustrates another example container1400that can be launched by the container retention and release apparatus1300ofFIGS. 13A and 13B. The container1400includes a first rail1402and a second rail1404formed on an outer surface1406of the container1400. The first channel1304receives (e.g. slidably receives) the first rail1402and the second channel1306receives (e.g. slidably receives) the second rail1404to couple the container1400to the rail launch and ejection apparatus1302.

FIG. 15is another aircraft1500that can be implemented with the example container retention and release apparatus200,900,1200and1300disclosed herein. For example, the aircraft1500ofFIG. 15is a commercial aircraft that can be used to deliver pods and/or other cargo. In some examples, the aircraft1500ofFIG. 15can be an autonomous aircraft such as, for example, an unmanned aerial vehicle (i.e., a drone).

FIG. 16illustrates another container1600that may be carried, retained and/or released by the example container retention and release apparatus200,900,1200and1300disclosed herein. The container1600of the illustrated example includes a rectangular (e.g., a square) profile and includes posts1602to interface or couple with the first and second receptacles240,242. In some examples, the container1600can include one or more openings1002a,1002band/or a combination of posts and openings.

Although each example container retention and release apparatus disclosed above has certain features, it should be understood that it is not necessary for a particular feature of one example to be used exclusively with that example. Instead, any of the features described above and/or depicted in the drawings can be combined with any of the examples, in addition to or in substitution for any of the other features of those examples. One example's features are not mutually exclusive to another example's features. Instead, the scope of this disclosure encompasses any combination of any of the features.

In some examples, the first ejector assembly206,1202, the second ejector assembly208,904,1204, and/or the rail launch and ejection apparatus1302provides means for retaining and/or releasing a container300,400,401,1000,1400. In some examples, the piston218provides means for moving or ejecting a container from an aircraft. In some examples, the swaybrace and retention assembly214,906,1206provides means for clamping or holding a container. In some examples, the pivots228,232,1214(e.g., a fastener and/or equivalents thereof) provide means for pivotably coupling the first arm226,1210and the second arm230,1212to the piston218. In some examples, the cylinder216provides means for defining a cavity604. In some examples, the energy source210provides means for providing energy. In some examples, the first and second receptacles240,242and/or the first and second retainers908,910provide means for engaging or retaining a container. In some examples, the latch258provides means for latching the piston218. In some examples, the drive system274provides means for actuating a latch258between a latched position260and an unlatched position262. In some examples, the lock244provides means for preventing rotation of the swaybrace and retention assembly214,906,1206toward the second direction236or a release position800. In some examples, the first wedge250aand the second wedge254aprovide means for locking the swaybrace and retention assembly214,906,1206.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture improve container aerodynamic drag performance or characteristics of a store, missile, container, etc. As a result, containers can have reduced weight, increased range, and/or increased payload.

At least some of the aforementioned examples include one or more features and/or benefits including, but not limited to, the following:

In some examples, a container retention and release apparatus that includes an actuator and a swaybrace and retention assembly pivotally coupled to the actuator. The swaybrace and retention assembly is to pivot relative to the actuator between a first position to retain a container and a second position to release the container. The swaybrace and retention assembly includes a swaybrace arm having a receptacle to engage a post of a container. The swaybrace arm to pivot between the first position to cause the receptacle to engage the post of the container to retain the container and the second position to cause the receptacle to disengage the post to release the container.

In some examples, the actuator includes a cylinder and a piston movably coupled to the cylinder between a first stroke position and a second stroke position, the container retention and release apparatus being in a stored position when the piston is at the first stroke position and a deployed position when the piston is at the second stroke position.

In some examples, the swaybrace arm is to maintain the receptacle in engagement with the post of the container when the piston moves between the first stroke position and the second stroke position.

In some examples, the swaybrace arm moves to the second position to cause the receptacle to disengage the post of the container when the piston is at the second stroke position.

In some examples, a latch is to prevent movement of the piston when the container retention and release apparatus is in the stored condition.

In some examples, a drive system is to move the latch between a latched position to prevent movement of the piston relative to the cylinder and an unlatched position to allow movement of the piston relative to the cylinder.

In some examples, a lock is to engage the swaybrace arm when the swaybrace arm is in the first position and the container retention and release apparatus is in the stored condition to prevent pivotal movement of the swaybrace arm in a direction away from the container.

In some examples, a container retention and release apparatus includes a first ejector assembly including: a first cylinder; a first piston movably coupled to the first cylinder; a first swaybrace coupled to a first end of the first piston, the first swaybrace having a first arm pivotally coupled relative to the first piston and a second arm pivotally coupled relative to the first piston, the first arm including at least one of a first receptacle to interface with a first post of a container or a first retainer to interface with a first opening of the container, and the second arm including at least one of a second receptacle to interface with a second post of the container or a second retainer to interface with a second opening of the container.

In some examples, the first arm and the second arm are to pivot about a common axis.

In some examples, the first arm is to pivot relative to a first pivot point and the second arm is to pivot relative to a second pivot point spaced from the first pivot point.

In some examples, the first arm is to pivot in a first direction to enable the at least one of the first receptacle to engage the first post of the container or the first retainer to engage the first opening of the container.

In some examples, the second arm is to pivot in the first direction to enable the at least one of the second receptacle to engage the second post of the container or the first retainer to engage the second opening of the container.

In some examples, the first arm is to pivot in a second direction opposite the first direction to enable the at least one of the first receptacle to disengage the first post of the container or the first retainer to disengage the first opening of the container.

In some examples, the second arm is to pivot in the second direction opposite the first direction to enable the at least one of the second receptacle to disengage the second post of the container or the second retainer to disengage the second opening of the container.

In some examples, a first lock coupled to a first side of the cylinder and a second lock coupled to a second side of the cylinder.

In some examples, the first lock is to engage the first arm to restrict rotation of the first arm in the second direction and the second lock is to engage the second arm to restrict rotation of the second arm in the second direction when the container retention and release apparatus is in a stored condition.

In some examples, the first cylinder assembly includes a first latch movable between a first position to prevent movement of the first piston relative to the first cylinder and a second position to allow movement of the first piston relative to the first cylinder.

In some examples, a second ejector assembly including: a second cylinder; a second piston movably coupled to the second cylinder; and a second swaybrace coupled to a first end of the second piston, The second swaybrace has a third arm pivotally coupled relative to the second piston and a fourth arm pivotally coupled relative to the second piston. The third arm including at least one of a third receptacle to interface with a third post of the container or a third retainer to interface with a third opening of the container, and the fourth arm including at least one of a fourth receptacle to interface with a fourth post of the container or a fourth retainer to interface with a fourth opening of the container.

In some examples, a method to improve retention and deployment of a container, the method including: moving an actuator between a first stroke position and a second stroke position; and releasing the container by pivoting a swaybrace relative to the container to remove at least one of a first receptacle from a post of a container or a first retainer pin from a first opening of the container.

In some examples, the method includes preventing rectilinear movement of the actuator and pivotal movement of the swaybrace when the container is in a stored position.