Release sheet of a coated cellulose paper

A release sheet useful in the production of heat and pressure consolidated laminates comprising a paper sheet having coated thereon a first coating comprising PA1 (A) an oil-modified alkyd resin crosslinked with a polyalkylether of a polymethylol melamine and a second coating, atop said (A), comprising PA1 (B) a copolymer of an unsaturated acid, ester or anhydride and a vinyl ether or an unsaturated alkyl compound.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
This application is related to copending application, Ser. No. 738,213, 
filed of even date herewith and entitled RELEASE SHEET. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Presently known art in the manufacture of textured high pressure decorative 
laminates is as follows: 
An assembly consisting of the following is placed in a flat-bed hydraulic 
press, whereupon heat and pressure are applied: 
Iron 
Paper cushion 
Stainless steel plate 
Laminated aluminum-paper caul stock 
Overlay sheet 
Decor sheet 
Layers of phenolic-kraft core stock 
Separator sheet (center line) 
The asembly is symmetrical about the center line, therefore, only the upper 
half is shown. For a complete description of high pressure laminating, see 
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley and Sons, Vol 
8, pps. 121-163 (1968). 
The aluminum-paper caul stock now used, consists of alloy No. 1100 usually 
in fully annealed state (-0 temper), but also frequently in a harder state 
such as H-18 or H-19 (full hard). The aluminum foil portion may have a 
matte finish, a polished finish or a mill finish on its exposed face. The 
aluminum is bonded to a paper of about 40 lbs./ream by means of casein 
adhesives. This operation is performed by the caul stock supplier. (See I. 
O. Robertson, Jr. "Use of Aluminum Foil Release Sheet in Decorative 
Laminates," TAPPI, Vol. 55, pps. 1341-4, September, 1972.) 
When fully annealed alloy No. 1100 in a thickness of 0.0005 inches is 
laminated matte side out to a 40 lb./ream machine glazed natural kraft 
paper, it is often called "No. 6 Caul Stock." When used in the above 
assembly, it will produce a high pressure laminate with an arithmetic 
average (AA) roughness of about 90 .+-. 20 microinches. See "Surface 
Texture" (ASA B46.1-1962) American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New 
York, 17, N.Y. Its gloss will be 5.degree.-10.degree. measured on a 
Gardner 60.degree. glossmeter and will depend upon the particular specimen 
of caul stock chosen. Most rolls will produce laminates of about 
6.degree.-8.degree. gloss, but others will produce values up to 10.degree. 
or higher. 
Because of this variation in gloss, it is customary to finish these 
laminates by the process of "dull rubbing." In this process the laminate 
is passed through a machine in which its decorative surface is contacted 
by a number of rotating, cylindrical, nylon fiber brushes. The brushes are 
flooded with a slurry of pumice and water which abrades the laminate 
surface and reduces its gloss by about 1.degree.-5.degree. depending upon 
the force which is used to bring the brush into contact with its surface. 
Typically, a laminate emerging from the press with a gloss of 6.5 would be 
dull rubbed with light contact pressure and abraded to a gloss of about 
5.5. A laminate having a gloss of 10, however, would require a 
substantially higher force to bring the brush into very firm contact with 
the laminate. Even then the reduction in gloss might be only about 
3.degree., say to about 7.degree.. 
If the aluminum foil caul stock were more uniform, it would produce 
laminates having glosses within the range of 6 .+-. 2, which is 
commercially desirable. The dull rubbing could then be eliminated which 
would reduce the cost of manufacture. Additionally, the micro-scratches 
imparted to the laminate surface during dull rubbing render it less 
resistant to staining (see Standards Publication LD1-1971, Laminated 
Thermosetting Decorative Sheets, National Electrical Manufacturers 
Association, New York, N.Y. 10017 (1971) for method of test). This is due 
to the fact that thousands of microcracks are introduced into the surface 
into which very small particles of staining or soiling materials may enter 
and lodge tenaciously. 
Laminates made with the use of No. 6 Caul Stock have a distinctive texture 
which is often referred to as a "suede" finish, more by custom than any 
resemblance to a true suede leather. 
The suede texture has proven to be of special importance because it is 
attractive to the touch, yet serves to overcome "telegraphing" of joints, 
glue lines, coarse grain and other discontinuities which may occur in 
modern furniture structures, especially those which use frame construction 
as opposed to solid panels, e.g., in a table top. "Telegraphing" is used 
in the industry to designate the ability of a plastic sheet to reproduce 
in its upper surface whatever texture may be possessed by the substrate 
upon which it rests. Thus, for many years, the best practice in mounting 
high pressure laminates was to use hardwood faced plywood, usually birch 
or maple. With the advent of reconstructed wood particleboard for laminate 
substrates, it became the practice to use three layer construction which 
featured a layer of "fines" on the bondable surfaces to eliminate 
"telegraphing." 
Furniture manufacturers learned that the suede surface is only mildly 
textured and that the ultimate furniture user will not be unduly aware of 
the depth of the texture. For instance, such a textured laminate will 
provide a suitable writing surface if used as a desk top. 
Because of this unique dimension in texture, i.e., one which is coarse 
enough to hide telegraphing, yet smooth enough to be accepted as planar, 
this "mini texture" has enjoyed great popularity and now accounts for over 
50% of all the commercial laminates produced in the U.S. 
The amount of aluminum foil used in laminate production is very substantial 
so that the aggregate value of such foil consumed annually is very great. 
Laminate manufacturers have, therefore, sought materials which would be 
lower in cost on a unit basis, since the annual savings to be realized are 
of an important magnitude. One manner in which this may be accomplished is 
to replace the aluminum caul stock with a sheet of paper which is coated 
with a material which will fill surface voids and impart a texture of 
sufficient smoothness and gloss to the surface of a decorative laminate. 
Textured laminates may have useful gloss levels ranging from about 6 units 
to about 25-30 units. 
It is necessary for the texturing sheet to release readily after it has 
been used on the laminate, hence a release agent of some type is often 
applied in a very thin layer over the basic texturing coat. In U.S. Pat. 
No. 3,946,135 to Peterson, such a release paper is described. Said release 
paper comprises a first coat constituting a clay-adhesive base coat and a 
second coat of a thermosetting resin. 
Release agents which are applied as a distinctly second coat are called 
"external release agents" since they never enter the central volume of the 
texturing coat. (See "Selecting Mold Release Agents for FRP" J. W. 
Waldeck, Plastics World, pps. 40-42, Jan. 19, 1976.) 
SUMMARY 
A novel texturing sheet which can be used in the production of laminates 
via heat and pressure consolidation of resin impregnated paper sheets is 
disclosed herein. The texture-release sheet provides the type of 
decorative laminate surface required of commercial users at a lower cost 
than aluminum foil release sheets. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INCLUDING PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The novel texture-release sheet of the present invention comprises 
(1) a cellulosic paper sheet coated with a first coating comprising 
(A) an oil-modified alkyd resin which is cross-linked with from about 30 to 
about 70%, by weight, based on the total weight of the alkyd of a 
polyalkylether of a polymethylol melamine and a second coating atop said 
(A), comprising 
(B) a copolymer containing from about 15 to about 85 mole percent of 
recurring units having the formula 
##STR1## 
wherein each R is, individually, OR.sup.1, R.sup.1 being hydrogen or 
C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl, or the two R groups taken together form an oxa 
group and the remaining units are recurring units of the formula 
##STR2## 
wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.9 -C.sub.30 
alkyl radical and X is O or CH.sub.2. 
The substrates utilized to form the novel release sheets hereof comprise 
any cellulosic sheet such as bleach sulfate, kraft, clay coated kraft, 
parchment, clay coated parchment, greaseproof paper, glassine paper clay 
coated publication paper and the like. Greaseproof paper is well known to 
those skilled in the art as is glassine paper, a complete description of 
each being set forth in the Second Edition, Volume III, of Papermaking and 
Paperboard Making, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1969, page 182, Pulp and 
Paper Manufacture, Ronald G. MacDonald, Editor. Two useful materials are 
SC Dark Amber glassine and Lard-Pak, manufactured by St. Regis Paper 
Company, Rhinelander, Wis., see also U.S. Pat. No. 3,770,687. 
The oil-modified alkyd resins useful herein are well known in the art and 
are generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,579,980; 2,600,623; 2,618,617; 
2,648,642; 2,649,423, which patents are hereby incorporated herein by 
reference. 
In the preparation of these oil-modified alkyd resins useful herein, the 
amount of oil present as a modifier should range from about 5 to about 
50%, by weight, based on the total weight of the modified alkyd resin. The 
alkyd resins may be prepared from saturated or unsaturated polycarboxylic 
acids, however, the saturated acids are preferred. Suitable acids include 
phthalic, isophthalic, terephthalic, succinic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, 
glutaric, sebacic, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, citric, 
tricarballylic, tartaric, malic, maleic, fumaric, itaconic and the like. 
Suitable polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 
diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, pinacol, 
trimethylol propane, neopentyl glycol, arabinol, sorbitol, glycerol, 
pentaerythritol and the like. 
Suitable reaction conditions already known in the art may be employed, a 
slight excess of the alcohol being used to insure complete reaction. Among 
the oils which may be used to modify the alkyd resin are tung oil, tall 
oil, perilla oil, linseed oil, hemp seed oil, caster oil, cottonseed oil, 
corn oil, olive oil, peanut oil, cod liver oil, candlenut oil and the 
like. 
The oil-modified alkyd resin used to form the first coating of the release 
sheets of the instant invention are cross-linked with a suitable 
polyalkylether of a polymethylol melamine. Examples of these melamine 
materials encompass the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl etc. ethers; 
the trimethyl, triethyl, tripropyl, tributyl ethers; the tetramethyl, 
tetraethyl, tetrapropyl, tetrabutyl etc., ethers; the pentamethyl, 
pentaethyl, pentapropyl, pentabutyl etc., ethers; and the hexamethyl, 
hexaethyl, hexapropyl, hexabutyl etc., ethers of the dimethylol, 
trimethylol, tetramethylol, pentamethylol or hexamethylol melamines. Of 
course, mixed polyalkyl ethers such as the dimethyl, tetraethyl ethers 
etc. of the polymethylol melamines may also be used. The preferred 
melamine material is hexakismethoxymethyl melamine. These materials may be 
produced as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,906,724; 2,918,452; 2,998,410; 
2,998,411; 3,107,222; 3,422,076, etc., which patents are hereby 
incorporated herein by reference. A suitable mol ratio of melamine to 
aldehyde, preferably paraldehyde is 1:3 to 1:6, respectively, and the 
alcohol used to impart the alkyl ether portion to the melamine material is 
preferably a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alcohol. The amount of melamine material 
used to cross-link the oil-modified alkyd resin should range from about 30 
to about 70% of the melamine material, based on the total weight of the 
oil-modified alkyd and the melamine material. 
The vinyl ether or unsaturated alkyl copolymer which is used to form the 
second coating of the novel release sheets of this invention is also known 
to those skilled in the art and is generally set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 
3,770,687, hereby incorporated herein by reference, and its formation may 
be had via the method set forth therein and according to U.S. Pat. No. 
2,047,398. 
The vinyl ether or unsaturated alkyl copolymer can be prepared by 
copolymerizing about 15 to 85 mol percent of the vinyl ether or 
unsaturated alkyl monomer with, correspondingly, about 85 to 15 mol 
percent of the maleic acid, ester or anhydride under conditions to produce 
copolymers having a relative viscosity of at least about 0.1. The 
preferred comonomers are maleic anhydride and a C.sub.18 alkyl vinyl ether 
or octadecene-1. 
The compositions used to prepare the novel release sheets are generally 
prepared as solutions of from about 0.5 to about 80.0%, by weight, based 
on the total weight of the composition, thereof in an organic solvent. The 
solvents useful include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, 
xylene, etc.; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, etc.; 
dimethylformamide; butyrolactone; tetrahydrofuran; isopropanol; 
dimethylsulfoxide; dioxane, mixtures thereof and the like. 
The compositions may be prepared by individually dissolving the 
oil-modified alkyd, the polyalkylether of the polymethylol melamine and 
the copolymer individually in their own different solvents and then 
blending the alkyd and melamine solutions together before forming the 
coating thereof and that of the copolymer, or the components may be formed 
as individual solutions in the same solvent in the proper concentrations 
and then blended and coated as indicated above. 
The two coatings may each be applied to the paper substrate by any 
convenient means such as by reverse roll, air knife, gravure cylinder and 
the like. The total thickness of the two coatings combined should range 
from about 0.1 to about 0.3 mil (1.5-5.0 lbs./3000 ft..sup.2 ream dry) 
with the thickness of the first (cross-linked alkyd) coating comprising at 
least about 75% thereof. 
It is preferred that an acid catalyst be added to the first coating 
composition before application of it to the substrate in order to assure 
that the melamine compound fully cross-links the oil-modified alkyd. From 
about 1.0 to about 10.0%, by weight, based on the total weight of the 
oil-modified alkyd and the melamine material, should be used with 
p-toluene sulfonic acid being preferred. Xylene sulfonic acid, O- and 
m-toluene sulfonic acids, ethyl acid phosphate, n-butyl phosphoric acid, 
phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and the like can also be used. 
If desired, conventional thickening agents, leveling agents, etc., may be 
added to either or both of the coating compositions in order to adjust 
their viscosities to the requirements of the coating equipment and to 
regulate pick-up, etc. 
The coated paper substrate is subjected to curing which involves subjecting 
the release sheet to heat to cross-link the alkyd with the melamine 
compound. A temperature ranging from about 200.degree. F. to about 
450.degree. F. can be used, cross-linking generally being complete in from 
5 minutes to 15 seconds, correspondingly. The cross-linking may be 
effected before or after application of the second coating. 
The texture-release sheets of this invention, as mentioned above, are 
exceptionally useful in the production of decorative laminates in that 
they are capable of withstanding the heat and pressure required to produce 
decorative laminates without deterioration and release completely and 
rapidly from the resin-impregnated surfaces of the laminates after they 
are removed from the laminating press. They may be used in the production 
of the so-called "high pressure" laminates wherein a series of 3-12 
phenol/formaldehyde resin impregnated kraft sheets are utilized as a core 
medium upon which are superimposed a melamine resin impregnated decorative 
sheet containing a specific solid color or a decorative surface of some 
specific design, i.e., simulated wood grain, and an overlay sheet which is 
also melamine resin impregnated, or so-called "low-pressure" laminates or 
panels which comprise a self-supporting substrate such as particleboard, 
plywood, etc., upon which is heat and pressure consolidated a melamine 
resin impregnated decorative sheet, as described above. The amount of heat 
applied in the production of each type of product is about the same, i.e., 
from about 100.degree.-250.degree. F., however, the high-pressure 
laminates are produced at a pressure of over 900 psi and usually 1100-1500 
psi while the low-pressure panels are produced below 900 psi, usually 
250-750 psi.

The following examples are set forth for purposes of illustration only and 
are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention except as 
set forth in the appended claims. All parts and percentages are by weight 
unless otherwise specified. 
EXAMPLES 1-5 
To 92.5 parts of a commercially available alkyd resin solution produced 
from 39.7 parts of soya oil, 41.3 parts of isophthalic acid and 19.0 parts 
of glycerol and having a solids content of about 62%, a viscosity of 23-29 
secs. #2 Zohn cup. 77.0.degree. F. and a density of 8.4-8.7 lbs./gallon, 
in a 67/33 isopropanol/xylene solvent, and containing 50% of 
hexakismethoxymethyl melamine, are added 7.5 parts of a catalyst solution 
comprising 50% p-toluene sulfonic acid and 50% isopropanol. By means of a 
gravure printing cylinder having a quad cell pattern of a diagonal count 
of 120 per inch and a cell depth of 0.0032 inch uniformly knurled over its 
entire face, the alkyd-catalyst solution is applied to a 35 lb./3000 
ft..sup.2 ream bleached kraft grease-proof paper at 0.1 mil thickness. The 
coated paper is then dried and cross-linked in a high velocity hot air 
oven for 30 sec. at 280.degree. F. The coating weight, after 
cross-linking, is 1.8 lbs./3000 ft..sup.2 ream. 
To the resultant coated sheet are then applied various amounts of a 
methylisobutylketone solution of an equimolar copolymer of maleic 
anhydride and octadecene-1, i.e., in Formula I, above, the two R groups 
form an oxa group and in Formula II, above, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, X is 
CH.sub.2 and R.sup.3 is a C.sub.15 alkyl group. The second coating is 
applied by means of a 150 Q quad rotogravure cylinder on a Geiger 
laboratory printing press. The cylinder applies 0.5-0.6 parts of wet 
coating to the substrate. The resultant doubly coated paper is then dried 
at 125.degree. C. for 10 minutes to remove the ketone solvent. 
The coated paper is then cut into 4 .times. 8 foot sheets and placed in a 
press pack assembly as follows top to bottom: 
A. a stainless steel press plate with its polished surface facing downward. 
B. a sheet of the doubly coated paper with its coated surface downward. 
C. a conventional overlay sheet comprising a 28 lb./3000 ft..sup.2 ream, 
.alpha.-cellulose paper having impregnated therein about 64 weight percent 
of a commercial melamine/formaldehyde laminating resin. The volatile 
content is about 5%. 
D. a conventional pigmented decorative paper bearing a wood grain print, 
facing upward and having impregnated therein about 40 weight percent of a 
commercial laminating resin similar to that in the overlay. The volatile 
content is about 5%. 
E. five plies of a 115 lb./3000 ft..sup.2 ream kraft saturating paper 
having impregnated therein 25 weight percent of a conventional 
phenol/formaldehyde laminating resin. The volatile content is again 5%. 
F. a layer of glassine paper as a separator sheet. 
The entire assembly is then repeated in inverted order to produce a 
so-called "back-to-back" press assembly, whereupon it is fitted with 
conventional layers of cushion paper on the outside surfaces of the 
stainless steel press plates. The entire assembly is then sandwiched 
between appropriate cold rolled steel plates and placed into a 
conventional high pressure laminating press. A pressure of 1400 psi is 
applied to the assembly. It is heated to 142.degree. C. in about 25 
minutes and held at that temperature for 12 minutes. The entire assembly 
is then cooled to room temperature and withdrawn from the press and the 
laminates are recovered. 
It is found that the doubly coated paper releases readily from the 
laminate, leaving no particles of paper, resin or other debris. In order 
to measure the ease with which such paper is stripped from the laminate, 
the following test is performed. 
Using a sharp knife, a slit is made from the upper (uncoated) surface of 
the release sheet as it yet remains on the pressed laminate and before any 
effort has been made to disengage it from the laminate. The slit is cut 
along a straight line using a metal rule as guide for a distance of 10 
inches. From one end of this slit, a second slit is cut for 10 inches in a 
direction perpendicular to the first slit. At the point of intersection of 
these slits, a small flap is raised by the insertion of the knife edge and 
the paper is peeled from the laminate along a line bisecting the angle 
between the two slits; that is, along a line at 45.degree. to the original 
slits. When about 1.5 inches has been so lifted, a spring type paper clip 
is attached to the paper flap and the clip allowed to close so that it 
holds the paper firmly. A spring balance capable of reading up to 60 grams 
is attached to the paper clip and the stripping of the paper continued 
along the direction of the bisector. As the paper is stripped back, the 
line along which peeling occurs is approximately perpendicular to the 
bisector and increases in length as peeling is continued. At the point 
where the paper-laminate contact line is 5 inches in length, the force 
required to continue peeling is noted on the balance as the Cling Strength 
in grams/5 in. The results are set forth in Table I, below. 
TABLE I 
______________________________________ 
CONC. OF COPOLYMER CLING STRENGTH 
EX. IN KETONE SOLVENT GMS/5 IN. 
______________________________________ 
1 2.0% 23 
2 1.0% 36 
3 0.5% 34 
4 0.2% 37 
5 0.1% 40 
______________________________________ 
CLING STRENGTHS 
At a cling strength of 60 grams/5 in., it is found that the release paper 
can be stripped from the laminate without the picking of paper fiber or 
other residues. At much above this level, however, it is difficult to 
remove the entire sheet of release paper from the laminate surface. 
Commercial laminates are produced in volume in 5 .times. 12 foot sizes. It 
is desirable that the person who is removing the release sheet for discard 
be able to do it with ease, usually with a gentle, sweeping pull from one 
end of the sheet. If the paper does not release easily from every part of 
the laminate, it is necessary to pull several times or even to walk around 
the sheet to loosen the more clinging areas. This takes time which means 
that either the conveyor line carrying the laminates to be stripped must 
be slowed or additional manpower must be used. Either solution increases 
the cost of operation. Thus, a maximum useful cling strength is below 
about 60 grams/5 in., with preferred values being in the range of 15-40 
grams/5 in. 
EXAMPLE 6 
Following the procedure of Example 1 except that the second coating is 
applied as a 40 % toluene solution of an equimolar alkyl vinyl 
ether/maleic anhydride copolymer in which the alkyl vinyl ether is a 
mixture of 96% C.sub.18 alkyl, 2% C.sub.16 alkyl and 2% C.sub.10 -C.sub.14 
alkyl vinyl ethers. The Cling Strength value is similar to that of Example 
1. 
EXAMPLE 7 
Release sheets are prepared as in Example 1 sufficiently large to cover 4 
.times. 10 foot press plates. The release sheets are inserted between the 
polished press plates and the surfacing prepregs of a low pressure panel 
(particule-board substrate) with the coated face of the release sheet 
adjacent to the prepreg. Release sheets are used on the top and bottom 
plates. 
When the press is opened and the board is ejected hot after lamination, the 
release sheet remains with the board and is cleanly released from the 
polished plates. While still hot, the release sheet is easily removed from 
the decorative board. An excellent decorative board is recovered. 
EXAMPLE 8 
100 Parts of the maleic anhydride/alkyl vinyl ether copolymer of Example 7 
are refluxed with 50 parts of 1.0N sulfuric acid at 110.degree. C. for 7 
hours to hydrolyze the anhydride to the acid, i.e., R.sup.1 in Formula I, 
above, is hydrogen. A white, soft, waxy solid separates from the media, is 
recovered by decantation, washed in cold water until free of sulfuric acid 
and dissolved in a 50:50 mixture of isopropanol and toluene to form a 
solution containing 40% solids. This solution is used in the same manner 
as the maleic anhydride copolymer of Example 8. The resultant texture 
release sheet is easily removed from the laminate. The hydrolyzed 
copolymer solution is found by infra-red spectroscopy to be 90-100% in the 
form of the acid. 
EXAMPLES 9-11 
The coatings of Example 1 are applied to a series of different cellulosic 
sheets as described in said example. In each instance, the results are 
comparable to those of Example 1. Example 9 employs a sheet of kraft 
paper; Example 10, a sheet of publication stock, clay coated on one side 
and Example 11, a sheet of publication stock coated on both sides. 
Publication stock is a high quality paper material usually employed in the 
printing of high quality magazines. 
EXAMPLES 12-20 
The procedure of Example 1 is again followed except that the alkyd resin 
used as the first coating is varied as is the copolymer used as the second 
coating. The copolymer is set forth with reference to Formulae I and II, 
above. In each instance, results substantially equivalent to those shown 
in Example 1 are observed. The materials are shown in Table II, below. 
TABLE II 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
COPOLYMER 
EX. ALKYD RESIN R R.sup.1 R.sup.2 
X R.sup.3 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
12 Soya fatty acids 
40% 
Benzoic acid 
2% OR.sup.1 both 
Isophthalic acid 
38% C.sub.4 alkyl 
H O C.sub.10 alkyl 
Glycerol 
20% 
13* Coconut oil 
31% 
Isophthalic acid 
40% OR.sup.1 both 
Trimethylol ethane 
29% C.sub.18 alkyl 
H O C.sub.18 alkyl 
14 Soya fatty acids 
53% mixture of 
Phthalic anhydride 
27.8% 
OR.sup.1 hydrogen 
H CH.sub.2 
C.sub.15 alkyl 
98% glycerine 
19.2% C.sub.12 alkyl C.sub.19 alkyl and 
C.sub.27 alkyl 
15 Soya oil 
45.5% 
Dehydrogenated hydrogen & 
Castor oil 
15.0% 
OR.sup.1 C.sub.13 - C.sub.16 
H O C.sub.9 alkyl 
Phthalic anhydride 
23.5% alkyl mixture 
Pentaerythritol 
16.0% 
16 Soya oil 45.1% 
Isophthalic anhydride 
38.3% 
oxa 
-- CH.sub.3 
O C.sub.12 alkyl 
Pentaerythritol 
5.6% 
Ethylene glycol 
11.0% 
17** 
Tall oil fatty acids 
40.4% 
Adipic acid 
10.5% 
oxa 
-- H CH.sub.2 
C.sub.15 alkyl 
Trimellitic anhydride 
41.5% 
Propylene glycol 
38.3% 
18 Tall oil fatty acids 
44.7% 
Phthalic anhydride 
32.6% 
oxa 
-- H CH.sub.2 
C.sub.9 alkyl 
Pentaerythritol 
15.9% 
Ethylene glycol 
6.8% 
19 Soya oil 57.0% 
Tung oil 14.2% 
oxa 
-- H CH.sub.2 
C.sub.13 alkyl 
Phthalic anhydride 
19.5% 
glycerol 9.3% 
20 Tall oil fatty acids 
27.0% 
Phthalic anhydride 
39.0% 
oxa 
-- H O C.sub.15 alkyl 
Trimethylol Propane 
35.0% 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
*mixed melamine - MF.sub.5 . 0 Me.sub.3 . 7 (average methylolation and 
methylation) used to cross-link alkyl resin 
**hexabutylated hexamethyl melamine used to cross-link alkyd resin