Binocular

A binocular comprising a housing and a pair of first and second optical systems positioned on each side of a central line. Each optical system includes an object lens and ocular lens arranged at a front part and at a rear part of the housing respectively. Further, a light admitting window is placed on the central line between the first and second optical systems for admitting light from an object. A detection module, provided independently of the first and second optical systems is used to output electrical signals which represent the distance to the object. The detection module may include an optical path deflecting means for z-shapely deflecting the light from the light admitting window and for directing the light to a sensor. The binocular is compact and has a hand grip that is designed in order to be holdable and focusable by the use of a single hand.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a binocular. More particularly, the 
invention relates to a binocular with automatic focusing function. 
Such binoculars with automatic focusing function have been proposed in 
Japanese published Patent Application No. S62-6205, Japanese published 
Patent Application No. S60-46407 and Japanese laid-open Patent Application 
No. S56-154705. In the binoculars disclosed in these prior art references, 
an object distance detection module is provided between a pair of object 
lenses positioned on both sides of the binocular, and a pair of light 
admitting windows for receiving light from an object and for sending it to 
the module is arranged at the outside of the object lens. 
For this structure, the optical path arrangement for leading light from the 
light admitting window to the module is complicated, and the entire body 
cannot be made compact since the light admitting window is arranged at the 
outside of object lens. 
In the above prior art, two light admitting windows are provided since they 
are required at the outsides of a pair of object lens. If the body is made 
compact by removing one of the light admitting windows, a problem arises 
in that the focus detection area changes according to the distance from an 
object as shown in FIG. 1A. That is, when the light sensing unit of focus 
sensor SA is arranged at the outside of one object lens OL as shown in 
FIG. 1A, though the focus detection area is A1' in FIG. 1B when the image 
scene is at A1, it is shifted to A2' in FIG. 1B when the image scene is at 
A2. 
Further, the binocular according to the above prior art is disadvantageous 
in their great thickness (especially, at side edges) and their inferior 
external shapes since the occupation length from top to bottom of the 
light admitting window is greater than that of the object lenses. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the present invention is to provide a compact binocular with 
an excellent external shape whose focus detetion area does not change 
according to the distance from an object. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a binocular in which 
the shake caused by the clearance in the path of an object lens driving 
mechanism, an pupil distance (or inter-ocular distance) adjusting 
mechanism or a dioptric power adjusting mechanism is prevented. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a binocular whose 
battery cavity forms a grip for holding the binocular. 
According to one feature of the present invention, a binocular comprises: a 
housing; a pair of first and second optical systems positioned on both 
sides of said housing and including an object lens and an ocular arranged 
at a front part and at a rear part of said housing, respectively; a light 
admitting window arranged between said first and second optical systems; 
and a detection module for receiving light from an object which passes 
through said light admitting window and for outputting a signal which 
represents the distance to the object. 
According to another feature of the present invention, a binocular 
comprises: a pair of optical systems including a first and second optical 
systems both of which are movable; a detection means for detecting 
information of the distance to an object; a calculation means for 
generating an electric signal to drive said optical system to the focusing 
position according to the output from said detection means; a motor driven 
by the output of said calculation means; a driving force transmitting 
means including a junction on the transmission path of the driving force 
from said motor to said optical system, where said junction has a 
clearance; and a pushing means for pushing said path in one direction so 
that there is no clearance on one side on the path at said junction. 
According to another feature of the present invention, a binocular 
comprises: a first and a second optical systems positioned on both sides 
and including an object lens and an ocular, respectively; a battery cavity 
arranged at a lower part of either of said first and second optical 
systems along a direction parallel to the optical axis of the optical 
system; and a housing where said battery cavity protrudes from the body 
and works as a grip.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The present invention is embodied in a binocular as shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, 
where FIG. 2A is the upper plan view, FIG. 2B is the front view, and FIG. 
2C is the bottom view. The housing of the binocular 1 is composed of an 
upper cover 2, a lower cover 3, a front cover 9 and a rear cover 10. 
The upper and lower covers 2 and 3 as well as the front and rear covers 9 
and 10 are made of plastic. On the upper cover 2 are provided a slidable 
operation member of a main switch (hereinafter referred to "first 
operation member") 4 and a push button member (hereinafter referred to 
"second operation member") 5: the main switch activated by the first 
operation member 4 is the switch of the binocular 1 for turning on or off 
the power supply to the whole system of the binocular 1, and a switch 
activated by the second operation member 5 is an auto-focusing (AF) 
switch. On the lower cover 3 are provided three slidable operation members 
(hereinafter referred to "third operation member", "fourth operation 
member" and "fifth operation member") 6, 7 and 8: the third operation 
member 6 is for altering the pupil distance, and the fourth and fifth 
members 7 and 8 are for adjusting the dioptric power. 
A transparent glass plate 300 is provided on the front cover 9 (FIG. 3). 
Inside of the glass plate 300, the first and the second barrels 11 and 12 
are placed in parallel (FIG. 3). The first and second barrels 11 and 12 
have object lens units 13 and 14, respectively. Inside of the glass plate 
300, light admitting window 20a is also placed. The height (dimension 
vertical to the plane of FIG. 3) of the light admitting window 20a is 
designed to be smaller than that of the object lenses 13 and 14 so that 
the overall height of the binocular 1 is not increased by the light 
admitting window 20a. Eye piece hoods 10a and 10b are attached on the rear 
cover 10 for respective view windows. 
The optical system of the binocular 1 is composed of, as illustrated in 
FIG. 3, the two (first and second) symmetrical barrels 11 and 12 with the 
axis of symmetry A--A'. In each barrel 11, 12, an object lens unit 13, 14 
is placed at the front, a prism unit 15, 16 is at the middle, and an 
ocular 17, 18 is placed at the rear end. The object lens units 13 and 14 
move simultaneously along the optical axis of the respective barrels for 
the auto-focusing, while the oculars 17 and 18 move independently along 
the optical axes for the dioptric power adjustment. The distance between 
the first and second barrels 11 and 12 can be altered for adjusting to the 
viewer, which is detailed later. 
Here, optical systems of another embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B will 
be described. Some portions of the implementation of FIGS. 4A and 4B are 
identified by the same reference designation by which they are identified 
in FIG. 3. 
In FIG. 4A, object lens units 13 and 14 and the oculars 17 and 18 arranged 
in barrels 11 and 12 are pushed in one direction in the barrels 11 and 12, 
respectively. Since the structures of the barrels 11 and 12 are identical, 
in this embodiment, the explanation is given referring only to the barrel 
12. 
The barrel 12 is composed of a front barrel 12a and a rear barrel 12b 
screwed on each other. In the front barrel 12a is inserted an inner object 
lens cylinder 230 where the object lens unit 14 is fixed. Between the 
thicker part 231 of the inner object lens cylinder 230 and the interval 
steplike part 232 of the front barrel 12a is placed a coiled spring 233. 
Because of this coiled spring 233, the inner object lens cylinder 230 is 
always pushed forward (the direction shown by the arrow D) against the 
barrel 12. This pushing restrains the mechanical shake on the lens driving 
path from an AF motor 22, through a reduction gear unit 23 or a speed 
reduction transmitting mechanism, both of which are to be described later, 
to the inner object lens cylinder 230. 
Similarly, a coiled spring 234 is placed between an inner ocular cylinder 
235 inserted in the rear barrel 12b and a prism frame 16a for supporting 
the prism 16. The prism frame 16a is fixed with screws 237, as shown in 
FIG. 4B, at screwing parts 236 on the rear end of the front barrel 12a. 
Accordingly, the inner ocular cylinder 230 holding the ocular 18 is always 
pushed rearward (the direction shown by the arrow C) against the barrel 
12. In this embodiment, as described later, the oculars are manually 
driven backward and forward through a dioptric power adjusting mechanism. 
The mechanical shake in the dioptric power adjusting mechanism is 
restrained by the pushing of the coiled spring 234. 
An object distance detection module 19 is provided between the barrels 11 
and 12 whose optical axis coincides with the symmetrical axis A--A'. The 
module 19 has a front lens 20. Behind the module 19 are placed an AF motor 
22 and a reduction gear unit 23 or a speed reduction transmitting 
mechanism for driving the object lens units 13 and 14. The module 19 of 
the present embodiment uses the phase difference detecting method, but any 
other detecting method can be used without departing the scope of the 
present invention. 
The module 19 is detailed here referring to FIG. 5. A field stop SM and a 
condenser lens LC are placed proximate to the focus point of the front 
lens 20. A pair of rear lenses (image re-forming lenses) L1 and L2 are 
placed symmetrically at either side of the optical axis Z, and a mask 
plate 24 is placed in front of the rear lenses L1 and L2 with an aperture 
A1, A2 for each of the rear lenses L1 and L2. At the focus point of the 
rear lenses L1 and L2 is placed a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) line sensor 
25. The condenser lens LC has the optical power such that images at the 
apertures A1 and A2 of the mask plate 24 are focused at a predetermined 
point of the front lens 20. The diameter of the apertures A1 and A2 is 
chosen so that only a portion of light from an object passing through the 
front lens 20 corresponding to a specific aperture value (e.g., F number 
5.6) can pass through the apertures A1 and A2. 
The images If, Io and Ib respectively correspond to the objects Of, Oo and 
Ob in front of the front lens 20. The secondary images of the primary 
images If, Io, Ib formed by the rear lenses L1 and L2 are denoted by I1f, 
I1o, I1b and I2f, I2o, I2b, respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, the 
secondary images I1o, I2o of the intermediate object Oo is focused 
slightly in front of the line sensor 25; those I1f, I2f of the far object 
Of is focused in front of the secondary images I1o, I2o and nearer to the 
optical axis Z; and those I1b, I2b of the near object Ob is focused at the 
rear of the secondary images I1o, I2o and farther from the optical axis Z. 
This means that the distance between a pair of the secondary images (e.g., 
between the secondary images I1o and I2o) corresponds to the position of 
the object from the binocular 1. When the distance between a pair of the 
secondary images is detected larger than that of the intermediate object 
Oo, the object is judged nearer to the front lens 20, and the deviation 
from the standard distance (i.e., the distance between the secondary 
images I1o and I2o of the intermediate object Oo) detected by the line 
sensor 25 can be used to determine the distance of the object from the 
standard position Oo. Since a pair of the secondary images are identical, 
a microcomputer (a system controller 140 shown in FIG. 18) provided in the 
binocular 1 calculates the distance between the secondary images sensed by 
the line sensor 25 using a known shifting method. The microcomputer then 
judges whether it is currently in an in-focus condition or not and 
calculates the defocus amount. The phase difference detecting method as 
used in this embodiment is advantageous compared to the triangulation 
method because it is sufficient to receive one directional light. Thus the 
module 19 of the phase difference detecting type fits a binocular 1 
because it can be placed between the barrels 11 and 12 to realize a 
compact size of the binocular. Of course a module of the triangulation 
type can be used when the demand for the precision is not so severe. A 
contrast method can also be used in the focusing. 
The auto-focusing (AF) system of the binocular 1 is the open-loop control 
type, in which the microcomputer calculates a defocus amount based on the 
output from the line sensor 25 and drives the motor 22 (thus the object 
lens units 13 and 14) according to the defocus amount. Since human eyes 
have a focusing function in themselves, the precision of the focusing 
function of the binoculars can be rough compared to cameras and the 
feedback control is not necessary in binoculars. Of course the feedback 
control system can be adopted for obtaining better focusing precision. The 
binocular 1 of the present embodiment does not use the object lens units 
13 and 14 in detecting the focus condition, and the lens units 13 and 14 
are moved by a shift amount corresponding to the defocus amount which is 
calculated by the microcomputer based on the output data of the module 19 
which is provided in no relationship with the object lens units 13 and 14. 
As shown in the vertical cross-sectional view FIG. 6 of the binocular 1 
taken along the center line A--A', the optical axis of the module 19 bends 
like "Z" between the front lens 20 and the condenser lens LC with the 
reflection mirrors M1 and M2, and then bends downward to the rear lenses 
L1 and L2 with a mirror M3. That is, the mirror M1 obliquely reflects the 
light led rearward by the light admitting window 20a toward the upper 
front, the mirror M2 rearwardly reflects the light reflected by the mirror 
M1 and the mirror M3 downwardly reflects the light reflected by the mirror 
M2. The mirror M1 may reflect the light toward the lower front in place of 
reflecting it toward the upper front to the contrary of the embodiment. 
This optical arrangement reduces the total length of the module 19 (as a 
result, the module 19 is shorter than the first and second barrels 11 and 
12) while obtaining enough optical length for the front lens 20. Longer 
focal length of the front lens improves the precision in the focus 
detection. The shift (defocus amount) s of a lens from the infinity 
focusing position is: 
EQU s=f.sup.2 /(1-f) 
where f is the focal length of the lens and 1 is the distance from the lens 
to the object. Provided f=30 mm and 1=4000 mm, the shift s is 30.sup.2 
/(4000-30)=0.22 mm. If f is increased to 60 mm, the shift s is 60.sup.2 
/(4000-60)=0.91 mm. This calculation shows that a front lens with a longer 
focal length whose defocus amount changes largely with respect to the 
change of the distance to the object is advantageous in improving the 
precision. 
A flexible printed circuit board 27 is provided above the module 19, motor 
22 and the reduction gear unit 23 of a speed reduction transmitting 
mechanism, whose plan view is shown in FIG. 8. The wings 28 and 29 in the 
front part of the circuit board 27 are actually bent down to wrap the 
module 19 and are fixed to the side walls of the module 19 with a 
double-faced tape and the like. On the rear part of the circuit board 27 
are provided a microcomputer 30, a conductive pattern 31 for the main 
switch and another conductive pattern 32 for the AF switch. The circuit 
board 27 further includes many electronic elements 33 constituting 
predetermined circuit. 
As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 taken along the line B--B' 
of FIG. 3 passing through the center of a barrel, an pupil distance 
adjusting mechanism 34 and a dioptric power adjusting mechanism 35 are 
provided under the barrels 11 and 12. These mechanisms 34 and 35 are 
placed on a base plate 36. The fifth operation member 8 and the third 
operation member 6 are shown in FIG. 7. 
Since the circuit board 27 is placed over the barrels 11 and 12 and the 
mechanisms 34 and 35 are placed under the barrels 11 and 12 within the 
housing, the body of the binocular 1 of the present embodiment can be 
compact. The separate arrangement (the electrical system and the 
mechanical system are separated) improves the serviceability of the whole 
system: when one of the systems breaks, the system is easily replaced 
without influencing the other. 
It is possible to place the mechanical system upward and the electrical 
system downward, contrary to the present embodiment. But the arrangement 
of the present embodiment is better in that: the circuit board 27 can be 
near the operation members (the first operation member 4 and the second 
operation member 5) which are frequently operated by forefingers or middle 
fingers, while the pupil distance adjusting operation member or the 
dioptric power adjusting operation member are not so often operated. 
An AF mechanism for driving the object lenses 13 and 14 is placed at the 
center of the housing extending to under the barrels 11 and 12, as shown 
in FIGS. 9-11. The AF mechanism includes: the motor 22, the reduction gear 
unit 23, a cam shaft 37, and a lever 38. The reduction gear unit 23 or a 
speed reduction transmitting mechanism is composed of four gears G1-G4, 
and the final gear G4 of the gear unit 23 is connected to the cam shaft 
37, as shown in FIG. 11. The cam shaft 37 has a helical groove 39 which 
receives a pin 40 implanted on the lever 38, thus the lever 38 moves 
longitudinally (as the arrow C or D) when the cam shaft 37 rotates. The 
longitudinal movement of the lever 38 is guided by a pair of hollow 
cylinders 44 and 45 fixed on the lever 38 and loosely mounted on 
respective shafts 42 and 43 fixed on a motor base 41. At either end of the 
lever 38 is provided a hole 46, 47 which admits a pin 48, 49 projecting 
from each barrel 11, 12. The pin 48, 49 projects from the inner object 
lens cylinders 301 and 302 shown in FIG. 3 or the inner object cylinders 
229 and 230 shown in FIG. 4A. The holes 46 and 47 are made long vertically 
to the direction of the movement to allow the alteration of the pupil 
distance (direction E). 
The motor base 41 has three vertical support plate 50, 51, 52 at the front 
end for supporting the front ends of the lever-mounting shafts 42, 43 and 
the cam shaft 37, and another support plate 53 at the rear end for 
supporting the rear ends of the three shafts 42, 43, 37. From the base 
plate 54 of the motor base 41 near the rear end support plate 53 stand a 
pair of resilient metal plates 55 and 56 (FIG. 11) which make an electric 
contact for detecting that the lever 38 (i.e., the object lens units 11 
and 12) has come to the end of the C direction (i.e., the optical system 
is in-focus at infinity): when the lever 38 comes to the end, a projection 
57 of the lever 38 pushes one of the metal plate 55 to make contact with 
the other 56. 
Generally, there is more or less clearance at the gearing parts of the 
above-described gears G1-G4 and at other engaging parts (such as between 
the pins 48, 49 and the holes 46, 47 or between the cam shaft 39 and the 
pin 40). Therefore, if such clearance is not removed, a problem arises in 
that, while the motor is being stopped, the object lens units are moved by 
the shake resulting from external shock or from moving thereby causing the 
binoculars to be out-of-focus. 
As described above, in the embodiment of FIG. 4A, since the inner object 
lens cylinder 230 is pushed in a direction D by the coiled spring 233 
placed in the barrels 11 and 12, the pushing force is transmitted through 
the pins 48 and 49, the lever 38 and the cam shaft 37 to the gears G4-G1 
to push the lens driving mechanism system in one direction. As a result, 
the clearances between the gears and between other engaging parts which 
cause the shake are removed, and the problem that the object lens units 
are unintentionally moved (when, for example, the binocular is suddenly 
inclined) is prevented. 
To prevent such shake of the lens driving mechanism, the direction of the 
pushing by the coiled spring 233 is not necessarily D; it can also be the 
opposite direction C. Also, the coiled spring 233 is not necessarily 
placed inside the barrel 12; it can be arranged outside the barrel. For 
example, one end of the coiled spring 233 whose other end is fixed can be 
fixed to or engaged with the pins 48 and 49, or the lever 38. 
Referring to FIG. 9, four columns 58, 59, 60, 61 stand at the left and 
right ends of the base plate 36, and two shafts 62 and 63 are supported by 
respective two columns 58, 59 and 60, 61. The two barrels 11 and 12 are 
movably supported on the two shafts 62 and 63 (with brackets 64a-64d and 
65a-65d having a closed hole or an open hole fixed at the bottom of the 
barrels 11, 12) at the front and at the rear to adjust the pupil distance 
(FIG. 13). 
The pupil distance adjusting mechanism 34 is detailed referring to FIGS. 
12A-12C, 13 and 14. A first adjusting plate 66 and a second adjusting 
plate 67 are provided for the first and second barrels 11 and 12 
respectively. The first adjusting plate 66 is composed of a first arm 72, 
a second arm 75, a third arm 77 and a fourth arm 82. The first arm 72 has 
vertically L-shaped ends 73 and 74 at the front and rear ends 
respectively. Each of the L-shaped ends 73 and 74 has a hole 70, 71 for 
admitting respective pin 68, 69 projecting downward from the first barrel 
11. The second arm 75 extends externally from the center of the first arm 
72 and has a long and narrow hole 76 for admitting a pin 78. The third arm 
77 extends also externally from near the L-shaped end 73 of the first arm 
72, and has an L-shaped end 79 with a hole 80 for engaging with a link 
plate 81. The fourth arm 82 extends internally from the first arm 72 at 
the center to the second barrel 12, and has a long hole 85 at the end 83 
for admitting a pin 84 (corresponding to the pin 78). The fourth arm 82 
has another longitudinally, long hole 86 at the midpoint for admitting a 
pin 88 of the pupil distance adjusting member (third operation member) 6. 
The second adjusting plate 67 is composed of a first arm 89, a second arm 
90 and a third arm 92. The first arm 89 (which corresponds to the first 
arm 72 of the first adjusting plate 66) is for fixing the second adjusting 
plate 67 to the second barrel 12. The second arm 90 (which corresponds to 
the second arm of the first adjusting plate 66) has a long hole 91 for 
admitting the pin 84. The third arm 92 (which corresponds to the fourth 
arm 82 of the first adjusting plate 66) extends externally toward the 
first barrel 11. The third arm 92 has an end 93 corresponding to the end 
83 of the first adjusting plate 66, but the third arm 92 of the second 
adjusting plate 67 has an L-shaped end 94 further extending from the end 
93. The L-shaped end 94 has a hole 95 for engaging with the link plate 81. 
At the center of the third arm 92 is formed a laterally long (i.e., 
perpendicular to the hole 86 of the fourth arm 82 of the first adjusting 
plate 66) hole 96 for admitting the pin 88 of the pupil distance adjusting 
member (third operation member) 6. The link plate 81 for linking the first 
and second adjusting plates 66 and 67 has L-shaped ends 97 and 98, and a 
hole 101 is formed at the center for a pivot pin 100. The L-shaped ends 97 
and 98 have long holes 104 and 105 respectively for admitting link pins 
102 and 103. 
The operation of the pupil distance adjusting mechanism 34 is now explained 
referring to FIG. 14. When the pupil distance is to be widened, the third 
operation member 6 is moved toward the direction F. The pin 88 of the 
third operation member 6 pulls the first adjusting plate 66 with the hole 
86, and the first adjusting plate 66 is dragged to the same direction F 
because the first adjusting plate 66 is guided by the pins 78 and 84 with 
the long holes 76 and 85 formed at the ends 75 and 83. The F-direction 
motion of the first adjusting plate 66 gives the second adjusting plate 67 
the opposite motion because they are linked by the link plate 81 pivoting 
on the pin 100 (direction H). The second adjusting plate 67 is guided by 
the pins 78 and 84 with the long holes 106 and 91. The symmetrical motions 
of the first and second adjusting plates 66 and 67 widens the distance of 
the first and second barrels 11 and 12 fixed to the first and second 
adjusting plates 66 and 67 with four pins 68, 69, 68' and 69'. The 
widemost state is shown in FIG. 12C. 
When the pupil distance is to be narrowed, the third operation member 6 is 
moved opposite to the direction F. The movements of the first and second 
adjusting plates 66 and 67 are just the opposite to the case above, and 
the barrels 11 and 12 come closer as shown in FIG. 12B. 
Then the dioptric power adjusting mechanism 35 is described referring to 
FIGS. 15-17. Since, as described before, the dioptric power can be 
adjusted independently at the two barrels 11 and 12, that of one barrel 
(the first barrel 11 in FIG. 17) is now explained. The dioptric power 
adjusting member (fourth operation member) 7 engages with an L-shaped 
lever 110 composed of a first arm 111 and a second arm 112. At the front 
end of the first arm 111 is formed a long hole 113 for admitting a pin 114 
of the fourth operation member 7. The second arm 112 has a hole 116 for 
admitting a pin 115 fixed on the base plate 36, and the lever 110 pivots 
on the pin 115. The second arm 112 has another hole 118 for admitting a 
pin 120 of a connector 117. 
A rectangular plate 121 is placed between the lever 110 and the base plate 
36 and is pressed by the lever 110 as shown in FIG. 16. A pair of 
longitudinally long holes 124 and 125 are provided at the longitudinal 
ends of the rectangular plate 121, and pins 126 and 127 fixed (by a screw, 
for example) on the base plate 36 pass through the holes 124 and 125 
respectively, whereby the rectangular plate 121 can move in the direction 
J. A laterally long (in order to allow the lateral pupil distance 
adjusting movement of the barrel 11) hole 128 is formed in the rectangular 
plate 121 for admitting a pin 129 projecting downward from the barrel 11. 
The pin 129 is, as shown in FIG. 16, fixed on an inner cylinder 130 of the 
ocular 17. When the rectangular plate 121 moves in the direction J, the 
barrel moves parallel in the direction K. A circular base plate 119 of the 
connector 117 fits in another laterally long hole 122 of the rectangular 
plate 121. The pin 120 passing through the hole 118 of the second arm 112 
of the lever 110 stands at a deviated position from the center of the base 
plate 119 of the connector 117 in order to adjust a fine position of the 
connector 117 in assembling the binocular 1. In the fine adjustment, the 
connector 117 is rotated to minutely move the barrel 11 so that the 
optical system of the barrel 11 is in-focus at infinity when the object 
lens unit is brought to the position at infinity by the contact switch 55 
and 56 (FIG. 11) and the fourth switch 7 is at a preset standard position 
(click stop is preferably provided). 
The operation of the dioptric power adjustment is as follows. When the 
fourth operation member (dioptric power adjusting member) 7 is moved to 
the direction P in FIG. 17, the lever 110 rotates on the pivot 115 in the 
direction Q, which drives the rectangular plate 121 to the direction J and 
the inner ocular cylinder 130 to the direction K. When the fourth 
operation member 7 is moved to the opposite direction, the movements of 
the lever 110 and the rectangular plate 121 are just the opposite to drive 
the inner ocular cylinder 130 in the opposite direction to K. Since 
normally it is easier to adjust the dioptric power when the object lens is 
in-focus at infinity, it is preferable to make the above-described 
dioptric power adjustment after the position of the object lens unit is 
reset at infinity by turning on the main switch by the first operation 
member 4 of the binocular 1 (in this case, it is supposed that the 
initializing routine of the binocular 1 includes positioning of the object 
lens unit at infinity). Instead of resetting the object lens unit at 
infinity, the AF mechanism can be used to make the dioptric power 
adjustment after the position of the object lens unit is brought into an 
in-focus position by the AF mechanism caused by turning on of the main 
switch. 
A clearance exists in a direction in which the force is transmitted between 
the pin 114 of the fourth operation member 7 and the long hole 113 of the 
lever 110, among the connector 117, the hole 118 and the long hole 122, 
and between the pin 129 and the laterally long hole 128, respectively, and 
such clearances bring about the shake which deteriorates the accuracy of 
dioptric power adjustment. 
However, in the embodiment of FIG. 4A, as described above, since the inner 
ocular cylinder 235 is pushed in a direction C (in a direction K in FIG. 
17) by the coiled spring 234, the clearance at each gearing part of the 
dioptric power adjustment mechanism is removed by the pushing force and no 
shake is caused. Therefore, the machine moves smoothly and a highly 
accurate dioptric power adjustment is expected. 
Needless to say, the direction in which the coiled spring 234 pushes is not 
necessarily C (K in FIG. 17); it can be the opposite direction. Also, the 
coiled spring 234 is not necessarily placed inside the barrel 12; it can 
be placed outside the barrel. In this case, one end of the coiled spring 
whose other end is fixed on the base plate 36 is attached to the lever 
110, the plate 121 or the pin 129. Further, the pushing means is not 
necessarily a coiled spring 234; it can be replaced by other appropriate 
member. 
The coiled spring 234 provided to push the dioptric power adjustment 
mechanism to prevent the shake in the above dioptric power adjustment 
mechanism system also represses the shake caused between the pupil 
distance adjusting levers 62, 63 and the barrels 11, 12. This mechanism is 
explained in the following. 
In FIGS. 14 and 15, the barrels 11, 12 are so supported on the shafts 62, 
63 fixed on the base plate 36 as to slide on the shafts, and are movable 
so that the distance between them is varied to adjust pupil distance. 
Since there is some clearance at the engaging parts of the shafts 62, 63 
with the holes in the brackets 64a-64d, 65a-65d project from the barrels 
11, 12, there is a possibility that the barrels 11, 12 incline in pupil 
distance adjustment to shift the optical axis. However, since the coiled 
spring 234 is placed between the inner ocular cylinder 235 and the prism 
16, as described above, the entire barrels 11, 12 are pushed in a 
direction D in FIG. 4A against the dioptric power adjustment mechanism 35 
pushed by the spring. Then, the clearance between the shafts 62, 63 and 
the holes in the brackets 64a-64d, 65a-65d of the barrels 11, 12 is pushed 
aside, and so, no shake is caused. Consequently, the barrels 11, 12 never 
incline in pupil distances adjustment, so that the optical axis does not 
substantially shift. The pushing means to prevent the shake between the 
shafts 62, 63 and the barrels 11, 12 is not necessarily the coiled spring; 
it can be replaced some other means, and as described before, the means 
can be placed outside the barrels. 
The electric system of the binocular 1 is now described referring to FIG. 
18. The binocular 1 is controlled by a system controller 140 including a 
micro-computer. A battery 141 at voltage VDD0 is provided for the 
electrical system of the binocular 1. The source DC (direct current) power 
is supplied to a DC/DC converter unit 142 as well as to the motor 22. The 
DC/DC converter unit 142 generates direct current voltage VDD1 responding 
to the power control (PWC) signal from the system controller 140 and other 
direct currents voltages VCC1 and VCC2 to the module 19. Here, VDD1 and 
VCC1 are set at 5 V and VCC2 is set at 12 V. For saving the battery power, 
the system controller 140 generates the PWC signal such that the current 
voltages VCC1 and VCC2 are ceased when the module 19 is not necessary. The 
output value of the battery 141 is checked by a battery checking circuit 
(BCC) 143 which sends the source voltage data to the system controller 
140. 
A driver 144 for the motor 22 is controlled by the system controller 140. A 
main switch activated by the first operation member 4 is denoted as 145 in 
FIG. 18 and an AF switch activated by the second operation member is 
denoted as 146. A detecting switch for detecting an infinity-side end of 
AF range which is made of the resilient metal plates 55 and 56 (FIG. 11) 
is denoted as 147 here. The AF switch 146 is turned on only when the 
second operation member 5 is pushed against the spring force of the switch 
146, and is turned off when the second operation member 5 is released. An 
AF operation by the module 19 and the AF motor 22, etc. is performed only 
when the AF switch is turned on. A light emitting diode (LED) 148 is 
provided for warning the operator when the battery power is exhausting 
(i.e., the battery checking circuit 143 detects the source voltage lower 
than a predetermined value) or when the contrast of the aiming object is 
too low. In case of the warning due to the LED 148, the operator may 
adjust the focus manually instead of using the AF function. The portion 
200 of the circuit enclosed by the dashed line in FIG. 18 is mounted on 
the flexible printed circuit board 27 shown in FIG. 8. 
The battery holder of the binocular 1 is now described referring to FIGS. 
19A-19C. FIGS. 19A and 19B correspond to FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively with 
an addition of the battery holder. A cavity of the battery holder 150 is 
arranged at a lower part of the second barrel 12 (or at a lower part of 
the first barrel 11) along a direction parallel to the axis of the barrel 
and protected by a cover 151 of the binocular 1, which forms a grip for 
holding the binocular 1. The shape of the holder 150 is designed so that a 
human's hand can firmly hold it. A 6V-battery is used as the power source 
and the battery 141 is firmly held by the cover 151 when the cover 151 is 
properly attached to the lower cover 3. It is preferable to provide a 
release button 152 for releasing the cover 151 from the lower cover 3 of 
the binocular 1, as shown in FIG. 19B. 
Generally, in a binocular having an AF function, it is required to provide 
a power source (dry batteries) inside its body to supply power to the 
electric circuit for moving and controlling object lenses, etc. For 
example, in the binocular disclosed as a binocular having an AF function 
in the above-mentioned Japanese laid-open Patent Application S56-154705, 
the battery cavity laterally projects from housing on one side of the 
ocular. Because of this structure in which the side of the body projects, 
the binocular has a disadvantage that it is not easy to handle and that it 
has an inferior operationability. 
On the contrary, in the above-described structure of the embodiment of the 
present invention, the housing of the binocular projects downward and the 
width of the body is not increased. Therefore, a compact binocular is 
realized. Further, the projecting battery cavity of the housing works as a 
grip for holding the binocular. Moreover, since the grip is positioned 
below one of the optical systems, it is supported by a palm when the 
binocular is held. Also, the battery cavity does not destroy the balance 
of the internal mechanism for automatic focusing. 
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are 
possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood 
that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be 
practiced other than as specifically described.