Encoded signal transmission method and encoded signal transmission apparatus

In the case where plural encoder outputs are encoded at variable bit rates and are multiplexed to carry out transmission thereof at a fixed or constant bit rate, the output bit rates from respective buffers are controlled on the basis of delay time &tgr;1 from the time when encoding bit rates of video signals Video 1, Video 2 of the respective encoders have been changed. Thus, the multiplexed bit rate is prevented from exceeding the capacity of the transmission path or causing an overflow of an encoder buffer.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates to an encoded signal transmission method and an encoded signal transmission apparatus suitable when used in the case of encoding digital signals at variable bit rate at the transmitting side, and of carrying out transmission of encoded digital signals at variable bit rate to the receiving side.

As the television broadcast of the next generation, plans or schemes to digitize moving picture signals are being developed in order to realize high quality transmission of moving picture signals. In this case, if moving picture signals are digitized as they are, data quantity becomes vast. For this reason, in order to efficiently carry out transmission thereof by way of limited transmission path, encoding (information compression) of data is required.

Meanwhile, in general, moving pictures are not steady, but pattern or motion (movement) of picture changes in point of time. Moreover, there are instances where pattern or motion (movement) at the central portion of picture image and that at the peripheral portion are different to much degree even within picture on screen. For this reason, information quantity generated in carrying out encoding at the encoder changes in dependency upon the property of such picture. In this case, it is known that when variable bit rate encoding is used, high picture quality can be obtained as compared to fixed bit rate by the same code quantity. In order to send such information at fixed transmit bit rate, transmitting buffer is prepared at the final stage of the encoder. Namely, such an approach is employed that encoded output of which quantity generated changes is temporarily stored into the transmitting buffer to read out it at a predetermined transmission bit rate to output it to the transmission path.

Moreover, in the case of carrying out transmission of plural video sequences, when time changes of information quantities of respective pictures of plural video sequences are examined, there is low probability that respective information quantities become great value at the same time. In view of the above, it is known that output data of plural encoders are multiplexed so that sum total of information quantities generated is smoothed. For this reason, in the field of broadcast/communication, plural video sequences are encoded respectively at variable bit rates to multiplex output data of those encoders to allow it to be single bit stream of fixed bit rate to carry out simultaneous transmission thereof. This method is called statistical multiplexing.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of system for carrying out statistical multiplexing of outputs of plural encoders as described above (hereinafter called statistical multiplexing encoder system).

The statistical multiplexing encoder system shown in FIG. 1 is composed of n number of encoders 101 1 101 n , transmitting buffers 102 1 102 n , an encoding bit rate control circuit 103 , and a multiplexing circuit 104 for encoder output.

In this case, n number of video signals are delivered to respective encoders 101 1 101 n through respective terminals, and are inputted to the encoding bit rate control circuit 103 . The respective encoders 101 1 101 n encode video signals inputted thereto to output encoded data, and to output encoding bit quantities of encoded data.

The encoding bit rate control circuit 103 calculates encoding bit rates R 1 Rn corresponding to the property of input picture images of respective encoders from n number of video signals inputted thereto and encoding bit quantities from respective encoders. At this time, control is conducted such that sum total of R 1 to Rn every predetermined time becomes constant. Encoding bit rates of respective encoders 101 1 101 n are changed every 15 frames, for example. Transmitting buffers 102 1 102 n are respectively provided at succeeding stages of respective encoders 101 1 101 n to respectively temporarily store encoded data from the respective encoders 101 1 101 n into the transmitting buffers 102 1 102 n to absorb changes of code quantities generated. The multiplexing circuit 104 multiplexes, in a time divisional manner, plural output bit streams respectively delivered from the respective buffers 102 1 102 n to send out it to the transmission path as single bit stream.

Such statistical multiplexing encoder system is disclosed in detail, e.g., in Bulletin of Television Society Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 958-964 (1996).

In statistical multiplexing encoder system as described above, there is known a method of conducting a control such that sum total of encoding bit rates every predetermined time to respective encoders becomes constant to adaptively carry out bit rate allocation.

For example, in the statistical multiplexing encoder system shown in FIG. 1 , control is conducted in the state where sum total of R 1 to Rn is limited so as to cause it to be maintained constant when determining Rn from encoding bit rate R 1 every predetermined time in correspondence with the property of input pictures of respective encoders.

However, employment of only such limitation is insufficient as the condition for allowing input bit rate to the multiplexer to be kept stably constant and allowing output bit rate from the multiplexer to be kept stably constant. The reason thereof is that it is not guaranteed that sum total of output bit rates of buffers of respective encoders becomes constant. For example, when delay time from the time when encoding bit rate Ri has been changed at the i-th encoder 101 i (i 1 n) until output bit rate Rout_i of buffer 102 i changes is assumed to be i, in the case where i is not constant at respective encoders, even if control is conducted such that sum total of encoding bit rates R 1 Rn every predetermined time becomes constant, it is not guaranteed that sum total of output bit rates Rout_ 1 to Rout_n every predetermined time from respective buffers becomes constant.

For this reason, there were possibility that there may take place the problem that sum total of input bit rates to the multiplexer is above the capacity of the transmission path, the problem that multiplexed output bit rate may be above the capacity of the transmission path and/or the problem that buffer of the encoder or the decoder may overflow or underflow.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention has been made in view of the above-described problems and its object is to provide an encoded signal transmission method and an encoded signal transmission apparatus in which in the case where outputs from plural encoders for encoding digital signals at variable bit rate are multiplexed to carry out transmission at fixed (constant) bit rate, control is conducted such that sum total of input bit rates to the multiplexer and/or multiplexed output bit rate do not exceed the capacity of the transmission path, and buffer of the encoder or the decoder may not overflow or underflow.

In an encoded signal transmission method according to this invention, an approach is employed to encode a digital signal at variable bit rate to smooth change of code quantity of short time at buffer to control output bit rate from the buffer on the basis of delay time from the time when encoding bit rate of the encoder has been changed until output bit rate of the buffer changes in outputting bit stream at a predetermined bit rate from the buffer.

It is preferable that the delay time is determined by

when minimum value of encoding bit rate of the encoder is Rmin and decoder buffer size is B.

Moreover, in the case where n (n 2) number of the encoders are provided to respectively provide encoder buffers at respective encoders to multiplex respective buffer outputs to carry out transmission thereof, output bit rates from the respective encoder buffers are controlled on the basis of respective delay times i (i 1 n) from the time when encoding bit rates of respective encoders have been changed until output bit rates of the buffers change.

Also in this case, it is preferable that the respective delay times i are determined by

i B/R min i

when minimum value of encoding bit rate of each encoder is Rmin_i and decoder buffer size is B.

Moreover, it is preferable to select maximum value max of delay time i with respect to respective encoders to change output bit rates of respective buffers after delay time ( is fixed time of 0 or more common to the n number of encoders in this case) from the time when encoding bit rates of respective encoders are changed ( max ).

Further, it is preferable to select maximum value max of delay time i with respect to respective encoders to use such a predetermined time i to satisfy

when encoding bit rate at time t of the i-th (i 1 n) encoder of n number of encoders is assumed to be Ri(t) to change output bit rate of the i-th encoder after delay time of ( max i) from the time when encoding bit rate of the i-th encoder is changed, and the predetermined time i is determined by

i max i.

Further, an encoded signal transmission apparatus to which such an encoded signal transmission method is applied may be constituted.

Outputs from respective encoder buffers are sent to multiplexer, at which they are multiplexed. The multiplexed output thus obtained is caused to undergo transmission. At this time, an approach is employed to control output bit rates from respective encoder buffers on the basis of respective delay times i, thereby making it possible to allow sum total of input bit rates to the multiplexer to be stably constant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The embodiment of an encoded signal transmission apparatus to which an encoded signal transmission method according to this invention is applied will now be described with reference to the attached drawings. While explanation will be given in connection with encoding and transmission of video signals in the description of the above-mentioned embodiment, this invention can be applied not only to video signals but also audio signals, etc.

Initially, as an example of the system to which the embodiment of the encoded signal transmission apparatus according to this invention is applied, FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the system in the case where the encoder and the decoder operate in an interlocking manner on the real time basis through the transmission path as in the case of broadcast or communication.

In the FIG. 2 mentioned above, a buffer 120 is provided at the output side of an encoder 110 to smooth change of code quantity of short time. As a result, output bit stream is outputted at a predetermined bit rate from the buffer 120 , and is inputted to a multiplexer 130 . Although not shown, the multiplexer 130 is also supplied with bit stream from other video encoder and/or bit stream from audio encoder, and those bit streams are multiplexed. Further, bit stream designated from user is separated at a demultiplexer 140 , and this bit stream is inputted to a buffer 150 . A decoder 160 decodes bit stream from the buffer 150 to output decoded moving picture. At this time, it is necessary that total delay time from encoder input of a certain picture until decoder output of that picture, which is so called end-to-end delay, is constant. While buffer delay of the encoder and the decoder is variable among them, it is necessary that sum of buffer delays of the encoder and the decoder with respect to respective pictures is constant. In the case where such condition does not hold, overflow or underflow takes place at buffer of the encoder or the decoder.

In this case, FIGS. 3 and 4 show examples of respective changes of bit occupation quantities of respective buffers of the encoder and the decoder in the case where input video signal is caused to undergo transmission after encoding at variable bit rate on the real time basis at the encoder side to receive and decode encoded input video signal at the decoder side.

In FIG. 3 , the left side from polygonal line e-f-i-j-k represents the state of the encoder buffer 120 , and the right side from the above-mentioned polygonal line e-f-i-j-k represents the state of the decoder buffer 150 . The abscissa t represents passing of time. In this case, two time axes are drawn. The upper time axis represents passing of time of the encoder side and the lower time axis represents passing of time of the decoder side. For simplification of illustration, description is made such that the polygonal line e-f-i-j-k is shared at the encoder side and the decoder side so that there is no time difference therebetween. In actual, however, a predetermined transmission path delay time exists between the encoder side and the decoder side. In addition, the ordinate represents accumulated value of bit quantities until a certain time of output bit stream outputted from the buffer at the encoder side, and represents accumulated value of bit quantities until a certain time of bit stream inputted to the buffer at the decoder side.

Gradient (R 1 _ 1 ) of line e-f and gradients (R 1 _ 2 ) of line f-g and line i-j represent bit rates at the encoder side or the decoder side, and these gradients R 1 _ 1 and R 1 _ 2 are different from each other. Namely, polygonal line e-f-g-h represents change of encoding bit rate of encoder 110 , and is indicated with the gradient being changed from t Tra (time of point f) and t Trb (time of point g). B represents decoder buffer size, and B is constant. A 1 (j) (j starts from 0) represents the j-th encoded picture of first video signal video 1 , and its size represents bit quantity.

Respective times shown on the time axis of the abscissa are

To 1 : time at which bit stream of video 1 starts output from the buffer

Tra: time at which encoding bit rate of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 1 to R 1 _ 2

Trb: time at which encoding bit rate of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 2

Tx 1 : time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 1 to R 1 _ 2

Tx 2 : time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 2

Ti 1 : input time to decoder buffer of bit stream of video 1

Td 1 : decode time of picture A 1 ( 0 ) of video 1

Encode operations of respective pictures of the first video signal video 1 are advanced (developed) at interval of picture rate (e.g., 1/29.97 sec.) from t Te 1 , and decode operations of respective pictures are advanced (developed) at the same picture rate interval from t Td 1 .

At the encoder buffer 120 side, the region of the lower side of the stair-stepped locus of FIG. 3 represents change of bit occupation quantity of the buffer. Encode operation of the j-th picture A 1 (j) is momentarily carried out at the encoder 110 , and (bit quantity of) this picture A 1 (j) is momentarily inputted to the buffer 120 . Thus, after encoding of A 1 (j), the bit occupation quantity is momentarily increased by A 1 (j). Further, bit stream is outputted at a predetermined bit rate from the buffer 120 until the next encoding time. Thus, the bit occupation quantity is decreased.

At the decoder buffer 150 side, the region of the upper side of the stair-stepped locus of FIG. 3 indicates change of bit occupation quantity of the buffer. A 1 (j) is momentarily outputted from the buffer 150 , and is momentarily decoded at the decoder 160 . Thus, after decoding of A 1 (j), the bit occupation quantity is momentarily decreased by A 1 (j). Then, bit stream is inputted to the buffer 150 at a predetermined bit rate until the next decoding time. Thus, bit occupation quantity is increased.

In this case, when the minimum value of encoding bit rate of first video signal video 1 is assumed to be Rmin 1 , the maximum value thereof is assumed to be Rmax 1 and size of the decoder buffer 150 is assumed to be B, the minimum delay time from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed at the encoder 110 until output bit rate of the buffer 120 is changed is i obtained by calculation at the following formula (1). Moreover, size Bmax 1 required even at the minimum at the encoder buffer 120 is calculated by the following formula (2). Namely,

The minimum time of the end-to-end delay from the time when a certain picture has been inputted to the encoder 110 until that picture is outputted from the decoder 160 is expressed as follows:

In this case, CH is a constant transmission path delay time between multiplexer 130 and demultiplexer 140 .

Moreover, in FIG. 4 , the left side from the polygonal line r-i-j-k represents the state of the buffer 120 and the right side from the same line represents the state of the buffer 150 . The polygonal line e-f-g-h represents change of encoding bit rate of the encoder 110 and is indicated with the gradient being changed from t Trc (time of point f) and t Trd (time of point g). A 2 (j) (j starts from zero) represents the j-th encoded picture of the second video signal video 2 , and its magnitude represents bit quantity.

In this FIG. 4 , respective times shown on the time axis are:

To 2 : time at which bit stream of video 2 starts output from the buffer

Trc: time at which encoding bit rate of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 1 to R 2 _ 2

Trd: time at which encoding bit rate of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 2

Tx 1 : time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 1 to R 2 _ 2

Tx 2 : time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 2

Ti 2 : input time to decoder buffer of bit stream of video 2

Td 2 : decode time of picture A 2 ( 0 ) of video 2

Encode operations of respective pictures of the second video signal video 2 are developed at interval of the same picture rate as that of the first video signal video 1 from t Te 2 , and decode operations of respective pictures are also developed at interval of the same picture rate from t Td 2 .

In this case, when the minimum value of encoding bit rate of the second video signal video 2 is assumed to be Rmin 2 , the maximum value thereof is assumed to be Rmax 2 and size of the decoder buffer 150 is assumed to be B, the minimum delay time from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed at the encoder 110 until output bit rate of the buffer 120 changes is 2 obtained by calculation at the following formula (4). In addition, size Bmax 2 required even at the minimum at the buffer 120 is calculated by the following formula (5).

The minimum time of end-to-end delay which is total delay quantity from the time when a certain picture has been inputted to the encoder 110 until that picture is outputted from the decoder 160 is expressed as follows.

In this embodiment, the following relationship is assumed to hold.

Accordingly, it is assumed that the first video signal video 1 is permitted to undergo transmission from the encoder to the decoder at low delay than the second video signal video 2 .

In the first video signal video 1 of FIG. 3 and the second video signal video 2 of FIG. 4 , encoding bit rates of respective encoders are assumed to be changed at the same time interval. For example, the time interval from t Tel which is encoding bit rate R 1 _ 1 of FIG. 3 to t Tra and the time interval from t Te 2 which is encoding bit rate R 2 _ 1 of FIG. 4 to t Trc are equal to each other. Moreover, the time interval from t Tra which is encoding bit rate R 1 _ 2 of FIG. 3 to t Trb and the time interval from t Trc which is encoding bit rate R 2 _ 2 of FIG. 4 to t Trd are equal to each other. The following relationship is assumed to exist.

At this time, an embodiment of an encoded signal transmission method of this invention for multiplexing bit stream outputted from encoder buffer of the first video signal video 1 and bit stream outputted from encoder buffer of the second video signal video 2 to output multiplexed bit stream of fixed (constant) bit rate will now be described below.

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the method of the first embodiment of the encoded signal transmission method according to this invention. In this method, the delay time from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed at the encoder until output bit rate of encoder buffer changes in the first video signal video 1 and that in the second video signal 2 are assumed to be equal to each other. As shown in FIG. 5 , the delay times of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 are caused to be equal to larger 1 .

In this FIG. 5 , respective times of the time axis of the abscissa are

Te: encode time of A 1 ( 0 ) of video 1 , encode time of A 2 ( 0 ) of video 2

To 1 : time at which bit stream of video 1 starts output from the buffer

To 2 : time at which bit stream of video 2 starts output from the buffer

Tra: time at which encoding bit rate of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 1 to R 1 _ 2 , time at which encoding bit rate of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 1 to R 2 _ 2

Trb: time at which encoding bit rate of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 2 , time at which encoding bit rate of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 2

Txa: time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 1 to R 1 _ 2 , time at which output bit rate from the buffer of video 2 changes R 2 _ 1 to R 2 _ 2

Txb: time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 2 , time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 2

Ti 1 : time at which bit stream of video 1 starts input to the decoder buffer

Ti 2 : time at which bit stream of video 2 starts input to the decoder buffer

Td: decode time of A 1 ( 0 ) of video 1 , decode time of A 2 ( 0 ) of video 2

Respective ones of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 change in such a manner that output bit rates from respective buffers are expressed by the following formula (9) after 1 even at the minimum from the time when encoding bit rates of respective encoders are changed

In this example, it is sufficient to allow this time to be larger than 1 . In that case, according as the time becomes larger, encoder buffer of larger size is required. This will be described later.

By the method of this first embodiment, sum RSUM of output bit rates from respective encoder buffers of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 is kept constant. RSUM is expressed as follows.

Within the range from t To 2 to t Txa, RSUM (R 1 _l R 2 _ 1 )

Within the range from t Txa to t Txb to RSUM (R 1 _ 2 R 2 _ 2 )

These values become constant.

In this case, for a time period from t To 1 to t To 2 , only output bit stream of the first video signal video 1 is outputted. Since the output bit rate at this time is smaller than the constant value, an approach may be employed to insert stuffing bit insignificant for output bit stream, etc. to hold the output bit rate value to be fixed value.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining time changes of encoding bit rates of respective encoders of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 and output bit rate from the encoder buffer in the above-described example. In this case, as an example, time unit for changing encoding bit rate is assumed to be GOP (e.g., 15 frames). Encoding bit rates of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 change at the same time, and output bit rates are both changed after delay time 1 . Sum total of output bit rates of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 becomes constant value.

FIG. 7 is an example where output bit streams of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 are multiplexed. When, e.g., the first video signal video 1 is 1 Mbps and the second video signal video 2 is 3 Mbps, those video signals are multiplexed in a time divisional manner at a rate of three packets of the second video signal video 2 with respect to one packet of the first video signal video 1 as shown to carry out transmission of multiplexed bit stream of 4 Mbps.

It is to be noted that while explanation has been given in connection with the case where the number of video encoders is 2 in the method of the above-described first embodiment, this invention can be also applied to three video encoders or more. In addition, this invention is not limited only to video encoder but also audio encoder.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of statistical multiplexing encoder system to which the encoded signal transmission method of the above-described first embodiment is applied.

The statistical multiplexing encoder system shown in FIG. 8 is composed of n number of encoders 11 1 11 n , transmitting buffers (encoder buffers) 12 1 12 n , an encoded bit rate control circuit 13 , and a multiplexing circuit 14 for encoder outputs, and an output bit rate control circuit 15 is further provided.

Plural, e.g., n number of video signals are respectively delivered to encoders 11 1 11 n through respective terminals, and are delivered to the encoding bit rate control circuit 13 . The respective encoders 11 1 11 n encode inputted video signals to output encoded data, and to output encoding bit quantity of encoded data.

The encoding bit rate control circuit 13 calculates encoding bit rates R 1 Rn corresponding to the property of input pictures of respective encoders 11 1 11 n from inputted n number of video signals and encoding bit quantities from the respective encoders 11 1 11 n . At this time, control is conducted such that sum total of R 1 Rn every predetermined time becomes constant. Encoding bit rates R 1 Rn of respective encoders 11 1 11 n are changed, e.g., every 15 frames. At the succeeding stages of respective encoders 11 1 11 n , transmitting buffers 12 1 12 n are respectively provided. Encoded data from the respective encoders 11 1 11 n are respectively temporarily stored into the transmitting buffers 12 1 12 n , to absorb change of code quantity generated. The multiplexing circuit 14 multiplexes, in a time divisional manner, plural bit streams which have been respectively read out of the respective buffers 12 1 12 n , to send out it as one bit stream to-the transmission path.

Moreover, encoding bit rates R 1 Rn of the respective encoders 11 1 11 n from the encoding bit rate control circuit 13 are inputted to the output bit rate control circuit 15 . Further, the output bit rate control circuit 15 is supplied with respective delay times 1 n from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed until output bit rates of encoder buffers 12 1 12 n , are changed. The output bit rate control circuit 15 selects maximum value max among respective delay times 1 n. Then, the output bit rate control circuit 15 give an instruction to change output bit rate with respect to the buffers 12 1 12 n and the multiplexing circuit 14 after delay time of ( max ) from the time when encoding bit rates of respective encoders have been changed. In this case, is constant time of 0 or more common to n number of encoders.

The operation every predetermined time period of the output bit rate control circuit 15 will now be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 .

Initially, at step S 1 of this FIG. 9 , constant time of 0 or more common to respective encoders 11 1 11 n is set. At step S 2 , with respect to respective encoders 11 1 11 n , respective delay times 1 n from the time when encoding bit rates have been changed until output bit rates of the encoder buffers 12 1 12 n , are changed are inputted. Further, the processing operation proceeds to step S 3 , at which maximum value max among respective delay times 1 n is selected. At step S 4 , encoding bit rates R 1 Rn of respective encoders 11 1 11 n from the encoding bit rate control circuit 13 are inputted. Then, the processing operation proceeds to step S 5 , at which whether or not values of encoding bit rates R 1 Rn have been changed is judged. If values of the encoding bit rates R 1 Rn are changed, the processing operation proceeds to step S 6 . At this step, encoding bit rates are delivered to the buffers 12 1 12 n , and the multiplexing circuit 14 as output bit rate so as to change output bit rates of respective buffers 12 1 12 n into its changed encoding bit rate after delay time of ( max )is passed from the time when values of the encoding bit rates R 1 Rn are changed. Moreover, in the case where values of encoding bit rates R 1 Rn are not changed, the operation of the step S 6 is skipped. Then, the processing operation proceeds to step S 7 . At this step, whether encoded data of all buffers 12 1 12 n have been outputted is judged. In the case where no encoded data is outputted, the processing operation returns to the step S 4 . Thus, the above-described operation will be repeated. In addition, in the case where encoded data of all buffers 12 1 12 n , are outputted, its operation is completed.

In this example, required buffer size B_i even at the minimum for the i-th encoder 11 i is calculated by the following formula (10), i.e.,

B i B*R max i/R min i R max i *( max i ) (10)

In this case, Rmin_i and Rmax_i are respectively minimum value and maximum value of encoding bit rate of the i-th encoder 11 i , and B is decoder buffer size.

When the above-mentioned is greater than 0 or more, size of B_i further calculated at the following formula (11), i.e., size of buffer expressed as below

B i R max i * (11)

is additionally required as buffer size necessary for the i-th encoder.

FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the second embodiment of this invention. This embodiment contemplates that in the case where delay times from the time when encoding bit rate of the encoder has been changed until output bit rate of the encoder buffer is changed at respective encoders are different from each other, an approach is employed to vary encoding bit rate of other encoder after a predetermined delay time from the time when the maximum encoding bit rate of the encoder where is maximum is changed.

As shown in this FIG. 10 , delay times of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 are respectively 1 and 2 , and when the relationship expressed as 1 > 2 holds, encoding bit rate of the second video signal video 2 is changed after delay time indicated by the following formula (12) from the time when encoding bit rate of the first video signal video 1 has been changed

In this case, explanation of respective times of the time axis of the abscissa is as follows.

Te 1 : Encode time of A 1 ( 0 ) of video 1

Te 2 : Encode time of A 2 ( 0 ) of video 2

To 1 : time at which bit stream of video 1 starts output from the buffer

To 2 : time at which bit stream of video 2 starts output from the buffer

Tra: time at which encoding bit rate of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 1 to R 1 _ 2

Trb: time at which encoding bit rate of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 2

Trc: time at which encoding bit rate of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 1 to R 2 _ 2

Trd: time at which encoding bit rate of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 2

Txa: time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 1 to R 1 _ 2 , time at which output bit rate from buffer of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 1 to R 2 _ 2

Txb: time at which output bit rate from the buffer of video 1 changes from R 1 _ 2 , time at which output bit rate from the buffer of video 2 changes from R 2 _ 2

Ti 1 : time at which bit stream of video 1 starts input to the decoder buffer

Ti 2 : time at which bit stream of video 2 starts input to the decoder buffer

Td: decode start time of A 1 ( 0 ) of video 1 , decode start time of A 2 ( 0 ) of video 2

In this case,

Further, in the first video signal video 1 , after encoding bit rate has been changed, output bit rate from the buffer changes after delay time i. Moreover, in the second video signal video 2 , after encoding bit rate is changed, output bit rate from the buffer changes after delay time 2 . Namely,

In this case, while these times 1 , 2 may be caused to be respectively ( 1 ), ( 2 ) which are allowed to be large by . In that case, according as becomes larger, encoder buffer of larger size is required. This will be described later.

In accordance with the second method, sum RSUM of output bit rates from respective encoder buffers of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 is kept constant. RSUM is expressed as follows.

Within the range from t To 2 to t Txa, RSUM (R 1 _l R 2 _ 1 )

It is to be noted that within the range from t To 1 to t To 2 , only bit stream of the first video signal video 1 is outputted, and since the output bit rate at this time is smaller than the fixed value, an approach may be employed to insert insignificant stuffing bits into output bit stream, etc. thus to keep output bit rate value at constant value.

FIG. 11 is a view for explaining time changes of encoding bit rates of respective encoders and output bit rates from the encoder buffer of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 in the example of FIG. 10 . In this case, as an example, time unit for changing encoding bit rate is caused to be GOP (e.g., 15 frames). With respect to the first video signal video 1 , encoding bit rate of the second video signal video 2 changes after delay time ( 1 2 ). After 1 from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed, output bit rate of the first video signal video 1 from the buffer changes. After 2 from the time when encoding bit rate of the second video signal video 2 changes, output bit rate from the buffer changes. In addition, sum total of output bit rates of the first video signal video 1 and the second video signal video 2 becomes constant.

It is to be noted that while in the case where the number of video encoders is two has been described in the above-described method of the second embodiment, it is a matter of course that this method can be applied to two video encoders or more. In addition, this invention can be applied not only to video encoder but also audio encoder.

FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of statistical multiplexing encoder system to which the encoded signal transmission method of the above-described second embodiment is applied. In the following explanation, the explanation of the statistical multiplexing encoder system to which the encoded signal transmission method of the first embodiment is applied is omitted with the same reference numerals being respectively attached to the same portions and only the different portions will now be mainly described.

With respect to the encoders 11 1 11 n , respective delay times 1 to n from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed until output bit rate of the encoder buffer has been changed are inputted to the delay time control circuit 26 . The delay time control circuit 26 selects the maximum value max among respective 1 to n to calculate n from max and difference time 1 of 1 to n.

n max n (18)

These 1 to n are inputted to the encoding bit rate control circuit 13 .

The encoding bit rate control circuit 23 outputs encoding bit rates of respective encoders 11 1 11 n to respective encoders 11 1 11 n by taking corresponding difference times 1 to n into consideration. Namely, the encoding bit rate control circuit 23 initially designates change of encoding bit rate of encoder where delay time is maximum ( max) among encoders 11 1 11 n thereafter to designate change of encoding bit rates of encoders except for its encoder after delay times corresponding to respective difference times 1 n. In this case, encoding bit rates R 1 (t) Rn(t) of respective encoders 11 1 11 n are determined so as to satisfy the following condition

In this case, Ri(t) represents encoding bit rate at time t of the i-th encoder.

Moreover, encoding bit rates R 1 Rn and the delay times 1 n of respective encoders 11 1 11 n from the encoding bit rate control circuit 23 are inputted to the output bit rate control circuit 25 . The output bit rate control circuit 25 designates (indicates) change of output bit rate after delay time of ( i ) from the time when encoding bit rate of the i-th encoder 11 i (i 1 n) has been changed with respect to the i-th buffer 12 i and the multiplexing circuit 14 . In this case, is constant time of 0 or more common to n number of encoders.

The operation every predetermined time period of the delay time control circuit 26 and the encoding bit rate control circuit 23 will now be described with reference to the flowchart show in FIG. 13 . In this case, the step S 11 to the step S 13 are operation of the delay time control circuit 26 , and steps S 14 and S 15 are operation of the encoding bit rate control circuit 23 .

Initially, at step S 11 , with respect to respective encoders 11 1 11 n , respective delay times 1 n from the time when encoding bit rate has been changed until output bit rates of encoder buffers 12 1 12 n , are changed are inputted. Further, the processing operation proceeds to step S 12 , at which maximum value max among respective delay times 1 n is selected. Further, the processing operation proceeds to step S 13 , at which difference times 1 n between selected maximum value max and respective delay times 1 n are calculated. Thereafter, the processing operation proceeds to step S 14 . Thus, encoding bit rates R 1 (t) Rn(t) of respective encoders 11 1 11 n are determined so as to satisfy the following condition.

In this case, Ri(t) represents encoding bit rate at time t of the i-th encoder.

Further, at step S 15 , encoding bit rates R 1 (t) Rn(t) of the determined respective encoders 11 1 11 n are outputted after respective difference times 1 n.

Further, the operation every predetermined time period of the delay time control circuit 26 and the encoding bit rate control circuit 23 will now be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 14 .

Initially, at step S 21 , constant time of 0 or more common to respective encoders 11 1 11 n is set. At step S 22 , with respect to respective encoders 11 1 11 n , respective delay times 1 n from the time when encoding bit rates have been changed until output bit rates of encoder buffers 12 1 12 n are changed are inputted. Further, at step S 23 , encoding bit rates R 1 Rn of respective encoders 11 1 11 n from the encoding bit rate control circuit 23 are inputted. Further, the processing operation proceeds to step S 24 , whereby whether or not respective values of encoding bit rates R 1 Rn have been changed is judged. In the case where values of encoding bit rates R 1 Rn change, the processing operation proceeds to step S 25 . After delay time-of ( i ) is passed from the time when value of the encoding bit rate Ri has been changed, values of encoding bit rates are delivered to buffer 12 i and multiplexing circuit 14 as output bit rate so as to change output bit rate of corresponding buffer 12 i into its changed encoding bit rate. Moreover, in the case where values of encoding bit rates R 1 Rn are not changed, the operation of the step S 25 is skipped. Then, the processing operation proceeds to step S 26 , at which whether encoded data of all buffers 12 1 12 n , have been outputted is judged. In the case where encoded data is not outputted, the processing operation returns to step S 23 . Thus, the above-described operation is repeated. In addition, in the case where encoded data of all buffers 12 1 12 n , are outputted, its operation is completed.

Buffer size B_i necessary even at the minimum for the i-th encoder 11 i is calculated by the following formula (19), i.e.,

B i B*R max i/R min i (19)

In this case, Rmin_i and Rmax_i are respectively minimum value and maximum value of encoding bit rate of the i-th encoder 11 i , and B is decoder buffer size.

When the above-mentioned is greater than 0, buffer of size of B_i further calculated by the following formula (20) is additionally required as buffer size necessary for the i-th encoder 11 i .

B i R max i* (20)

In accordance with the embodiment of the encoded signal transmission method and the encoded signal transmission apparatus according to this invention as described above, such a scheme is employed that in the case where outputs of plural encodes which encode digital signals at variable bit rates are multiplexed to carry out transmission thereof at a predetermined bit rate, an approach is employed to control output bit rates from respective encoder buffers on the basis of delay times from the time when encoding bit rates of respective encoders have been changed until output bit rates of respective encoder buffers are changed, thereby making it possible to stably keep constant sum total of input bit rates to the multiplexer.

Thus, at the encoder side, there is no possibility that multiplexed output bit rate may exceed capacity of the transmission path (transmission path capacity), or buffer of the encoder may overflow or underflow. Accordingly, stable signal transmission can be made. In addition, at the decoder side, there is no possibility that buffer of the decoder may overflow or underflow. Thus, stable signal reproduction can be made.

Moreover, in accordance with this invention, end-to-end delays from the time point of picture inputs of respective encoders until picture outputs of the decoders are permitted to be different from each other. Thus, it is possible to respectively multiplex, under suitable delay quantities, video sequences for which low delay is required like communication or news program and video sequence to which no attention is paid.

Further, since it was conventionally impossible to guarantee to stably keep constant sum total of input bit rates to the multiplexer, an approach is employed to allow sum total of encoding bit rates of predetermined times to respective encoders to be lesser than the capacity of the transmission path by taking margin in consideration. However, in accordance with this method, since the sum total of encoding bit rates is permitted to be value closer to the capacity of the transmission path than the prior art, encoding picture qualities of respective encoders can be improved.

It is to be noted that this invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and while the case where video signals are encoded and are subjected to transmission has been described in the above-described embodiments, this invention can be also applied to audio signals or data signals of text, etc.