Direct current motor

A direct current motor comprising a field magnet with 2np magnetic poles, magnetized to N and S poles with equal angular intervals, where n is an integer of 1 or more and p is an integer of 2 or more; a magnetic member for closing the magnetic circuit of the magnetic circuit of the magnetic poles of the field magnet; n(py.+-.1) armature coils disposed in such a manner that the angular intervals of the electrically conductive portions of the armature coils, contributing to the generation of torque in the armature coils, are substantially equal to the magnetic pole width of the field magnet, where y is an integer of 3 or more; a wave-winding-type armature on which the armature coils are disposed, overlapping on each other, with an equal pitch, the wave-winding-type armature being directed towards the field magnet within the magnetic circuit; electric power supply control device for commutating the commutator current np(py.+-.1) times or 2np(py.+-.1) times per one rotation of the armature coils; and a rotating shaft for rotatably supporting the wave-winding-type armature or the field magnet, the rotating shaft being rotatably supported by bearings mounted on an outer casing of the motor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a direct current motor and particularly to 
a direct current motor improved with respect to commutating 
characteristics, provided with a field magnet having 2np magnetic poles (n 
being an integer of 1 or more and p being an interger of 2 or more) and a 
disc-shaped or cylindrical armature comprising n (py.+-.1) armature coils 
(y being an integer of 3 or more but 4 or more when p=2), with the lapping 
of the armature coils minimized. 
It is well known that a direct current (DC) motor, provided with a 
plurality of armature coils formed in a lap-winding manner or a 
wave-winding manner is highly efficient and has better commutating 
characteristics as the number of armature coils increases. However, if the 
conventional manner of lap winding or wave winding is employed in a 
coreless motor, the armature will increase in thickness because the 
armature coils are superimposed on each other in many layers. The 
increased thickness of the armature will substantially reduce the 
effective magnetic field of the field magnet which passes through the 
armature, resulting in decreased magnetic field, motor efficiency and 
starting torque. In order to solve these problems, the prior art effort 
has been directed to decreasing the thickness of the electrically 
conductive portions contributing to the generation of torque. The process 
for decreasing the thickness of the electrically conductive portions is 
performed by press molding, and accordingly is often accompanied by such 
defects as breaking and short-circuiting of the armature coils. Further, 
since the phase relationship between the armature cannot be positively 
held in the desired state at the time the coils are arranged, correct 
phase relationship between the armature coils is liable to be distorted. 
Accordingly, such prior art DC motors are costly and cannot be mass 
produced. 
Another prior art technique used for conventional cylindrical coreless DC 
motors, for avoiding superimposition of the opposite edge portions of the 
armature coils on each other, requires that the insulated wire be wound in 
alignment, so that a cylindrical armature is formed, with the entire width 
of winding, or a part thereof slanting with respect to the rotating axis. 
This technique however, also is costly and cannot be used for 
mass-production. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The above-described drawbacks in the prior art motors have been 
successfully eliminated by the present invention. 
In order to attain the above-mentioned object, according to the present 
invention, there is provided a DC motor in which the conventional 
wave-winding-type armature coils formed in a wave-winding manner are 
developed and n(py.+-.1) armature coils are arranged relative to the 
magnetic field of a field magnet having 2np magnetic poles in a 
predetermined manner as will be described in detail, so that commutating 
or current-changing of armature current during one rotation of the magnet 
or the armature is performed np(py.+-.1) times or 2nd (py.+-.1) times, 
where n is an integer of 1 or more, p is an integer of 2 or more and y is 
an integer of 3 or more but 4 or more when p=2. As a result, the number of 
lapped armature coils is reduced and the armature is made thinner without 
any special processing, thereby providing a DC motor with improved 
commutating characteristics, having high torque generation and high 
efficiency. 
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent from 
the following description of embodiments thereof when taken together with 
the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a commutator motor with a disc-shaped 
commutator. In the figure, a bearing 5 is fixed to a casing 3 made of 
press-formed soft steel. Further, a casing 2 made of press-formed soft 
steel is secured to the casing 3 by screws 11, forming a magnetic circuit 
therebetween. A bearing 4 is fixed to the casing 2. A rotating shaft 1 is 
supported by the bearings 4 and 5. One end of the rotating shaft 1 is in 
pressure contact with the casing 3. A cylindrical field magnet 6, 
magnetized with magnetic poles N and S located in the axial direction of 
the rotating shaft 1, is secured to the casing 3. To the rotating shaft 1, 
there are fixed an armature 7 and a commutator 8 which are molded 
integrally. The armature 7 is located in a field air gap between the 
casing 2 and the field magnet 6. Reference numeral 10 indicates a brush 
support for supporting brushes 9 which are in contact with the commutator 
8, which serves as electic power supply control means for the armature 7. 
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an expanded view of a conventional DC 
motor comprising a field magnet 12 with 4 magnetic poles and 10 armature 
coils. The field magnet 12 comprises magnetic poles 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 and 
12-4, magnetized alternately to N and S poles with 90-degree angular 
intervals. The armature is of a cross-connection-normal-double winding 
type, and the angular intervals of the electrically conductive portion 
contributing to the generation of torque in each armature coil are set 
equal to the magnetic pole width. Armature coils, 13-1, 13-2 . . . , 13-10 
are fixed with 36-degree angular intervals (2/5 the magnetic pole width). 
As shown in the figure, in the case where the armature coils are fixed by 
the conventional fixing means, they are fixed to the armature in multiple 
layers. Due to this construction it is difficult to arrange the terminals 
of the armature coils in the proper order and to manufacture the motor 
with such construction. 
When integrally molded armature coils are arranged on the armature, the 
armature will increase in thickness because the armature coils are 
superimposed on each other in many layers. The increased thickness of the 
armature will substantially reduce the effective magnetic field of the 
field magnet which passes through the armature, resulting in decreased 
magnetic field, motor efficiency and starting torque. A communtator 14 
comprises commutator segments 14-1, 14-2, . . . , and 14-10, with 
36-degree angular intervals (2/5 the magnetic pole width). As mentioned 
previously, since the armature is of a double winding type, there are 
disposed two pairs of brushes. To brushes 15-1 and 15-2 is supplied power, 
respectively, from DC power source positive pole 16-1 and DC power source 
negative pole 16-2, while to brushes 15-3 and 15-4 is supplied power, 
respectively from DC power source positive pole 16-3 and DC power source 
negative pole 16-4. The angular intervals of the brushes is 90 degrees, 
which are equal to the magnetic pole width. 
Referring to FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5(a) to 5(b), commutator 
motors to which the present invention is applied will now be explained. 
Each of these commutator motors is provided with the previously mentioned 
disc-shaped armature and a field magnet with 4 (=2np) magnetic poles 
(where n is an integer of 1 or more, and p is an integer of 2 or more, and 
in these commutator motors, n=1, p=2, thus, 2np=4). 
Specifically, referring to FIG. 3(a), there is shown an expanded view of a 
commutator motor provided with a field magnet with 4 (=2np, where n=1, 
p=2) magnetic poles and 7 (=n(py+1)) armature coils, where n=1, p=2 and 
y=3 (generally y is an integer of 3 or more but 4 or more when p=2). As 
shown in FIG. 5(a), a field magnet 17 has magnetic poles 17-1, 17-2, 17-3 
and 17-4, magnetized alternately to N and S with 90-degree angular 
intervals in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, which field magnet 
17 corresponds to the field magnet 6 as shown in FIG. 1. A commutator 21, 
which serves as electrical power supply control means comprises 14 (=np 
(py+1)) commutator segments 21-1, 21-2, . . . , 21-14 disposed with about 
25.7-degree angular intervals (2/7 the magnetic pole width). Each 2 (=np) 
separately disposed commutator segments which lie at the angular intervals 
(two times the magnetic pole width) are electically connected to each 
other. The commutator segment 21-1 is connected to the commutator segment 
21-8 through a conductor. Likewise, the commutator segment 21-2 is 
connected to the commuator segment 21-9, and the commutator segment 21-3 
to the commutator 21-10, the commutator segment 21-4 to the commutator 
segment 21-11, the commutator segment 21-5 to the commutator segment 
21-12, the commutator segment 21-6 to the commutator segment 21-13, and 
the commutator segment 21-7 to the commutator segment 21-14 through 
conductors. As shown in FIG. 5(b) the armature 20 comprises armature coils 
20-1, 20-2, . . . , and 20-7 which are arranged with an equal pitch, 
partly overlapping on each other, with about 51.2-degree angular intervals 
(4/7 the magnetic pole width). The angular intervals of the conductive 
portions which contribute to the generation of torque in the armature 
coils (in the case of the armature coil 20-1, its conductive portions are 
20-1-a and 20-1-b) are 90 degrees and equal to the magnetic pole width. 
The armature 20 corresponds to the armature 7 shown in FIG. 1. 
Referring back to FIG. 3(a), each armature coil is subjected to 
wave-winding connection and the respective connecting portions of the 
armature coils 20-1 and 20-4, the armature coils 20-4 and 20-7, the 
armature coils 20-7 and 20-3, the armature coils 20-3 and 20-6, the 
armature coils 20-6 and 20-2, the armature coils 20-2 and 20-5, and of the 
armature coils 20-5 and 20-1 are connected to commutator segments 21-5, 
21-11, 21-3, 21-9, 21-1, 21-7 and 21-13. The angular intervals of brushes 
15-1 and 15-2 are equal to the magnetic pole width (360/2np=90 degrees). 
Those angular intervals are equivalent to 270-degree angular intervals. In 
the configuration shown in FIG. 3(a), when electric current flows in the 
direction of the arrow and torque is generated in each armature coil, so 
that the armature 20 and the commutator 21 are rotated in the directions 
of the arrow A and the arrow B, respectively. 
Thus, the switching of the armature current (that is, commutating) is done 
28 (=2np(py-1)) times per one rotation (except the specific point) and the 
motor is rotated by successive generation of torque. 
Referring to FIG. 3(b), there is shown an expanded view of a further 
commutator motor provided with 7 (n=(py-1)) armature coils, where n=1, 
p=2, and y=4. In the motor as shown in FIG. 3(b), only the connection of 
the commutator segments to each other and the connection of the commutator 
segments to the counterpart armature coils are different from the 
connections in the motor shown in FIG. 3(a). Each armature coil in the 
motor in FIG. 3(b) is subjected to different wave winding from that 
employed in the motor as shown in FIG. 3(a) and the respective connecting 
portions of the armature coils 20-1 and 20-5, the armature coils 20-5 and 
20-2, the armature coils 20-2 and 20-6, the armature coils 20-6 and 20-3, 
the armature coils 20-3 and 20-7, the armature coils 20-7 and 20-4, and of 
the armature coils 20-4 and 20-1 are connected to commutator segments 
21-6, 21-14, 21-8, 21-2, 11-10, 21-4 and 21-12. As described above as to 
FIG. 3(b) in contrast to FIG. 3(a), when y=3, the number of armature coils 
is 7 (=n(py+1)), and when y=4, the number of armature coils is also 7 
(=n(py-1)). Thus, the number of armatures is the same. When p=2, even if 
the connection of the commutator segments to the counterpart armature 
coils are different, the characteristics of the motors are the same. 
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown an expanded view of a further 
commutator motor in which the connection of commutator segments to their 
corresponding armature coils is different from those in the armature 
motors as shown in FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b). However, the characteristics 
of the commutator motor shown in FIG. 3(c) are the same as those of the 
commutator motors as shown in FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b). In the commutator 
motor shown in FIG. 4, one end of the armature coil 20-1 is connected to 
the commutator segment 21-1 and the other end of the same is connected to 
the commutator segment 21-2. Likewise, one end of the armature coil 20-2 
is connected to the commutator segment 21-3 and the other end of the same 
is connected to the commutator segment 21-4, and one end of the armature 
coil 20-3 is connected to the commutator segment 21-5 and the other end of 
the same is connected to the commutator segment 21-6, and one end of the 
armature coil 20-4 is connected to the commutator segment 21-7 and the 
other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 21-8, and one 
end of the armature coil 20-5 is connected to the commutator segment 21-9 
and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 
21-10, and one end of the armature coil 20-6 is connected to the 
commutator segment 21-11 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 21-12, and one end of the armature coil 20-7 is 
connected to the commutator segment 21-13 and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 21-14. 
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown an expanded view of a conventional 
commutator motor provided with a field magnet with 6 magnetic poles and a 
wave-winding-type armature with 24 armature coils. The field magnet 22 
comprises magnetic poles 22-1, 22-2, . . . , and 22-6, magnetized 
alternately to N and S with 60 degree angular intervals. The armature is 
of a cross-connection-normal-triple winding type, and the angular 
intervals of the electically conductive portion contributing to the 
generation of torque in each armature coils are set equal to the magnetic 
pole width. Armature coils, 23-1, 23-2, . . . , 23-24 are disposed with 15 
degree angular intervals (1/4 the magnetic pole width). As mentioned 
above, since the armature 24 is of the triple-winding-type, there are 
three pairs of brushes and to the brushes 15-1 and 15-2 is suppled power 
from the DC power source positive and negative poles 16-1 and 16-2, 
respectively, while to the brushes 15-3 and 15-4 is supplied power from 
the DC power source positive and negative poles 16-3 and 16-4, 
respectively and to the brushes 15-5 and 15-6 is supplied power from the 
DC power source positive and negative poles 16-5 and 16-6, respectively, 
Those brushes are disposed with 60-degree angular intervals (equal to the 
magnetic pole width). 
Referring to FIGS. 7(a) to 7(c), 8, 9 and 10(a) to 10(d), commutator motors 
to which the present invention is applied will now be explained. These 
commutator motors are provided with the previously mentioned disc-shaped 
armature and a field magnet with 6 (=2np) magnetic poles (in these 
commutator motors, n=1, p=3). 
Specifically, referring to FIG. 7(a), there is shown an expanded view of a 
commutator motor provided with a field magnet with 6 (=2np) magnetic poles 
and 8 (=n(py-1)) armature coils, where n=1, p=3 and y=3. As shown in FIG. 
10(a). a field magnet 25 has magnetic poles 25-1, 25-2, . . . , and 25-6, 
magnetized alternately to N and S with 60-degree angular intervals in the 
axial direction of the rotating shaft, which field magnet 25 corresponds 
to the field magnet 6 as shown in FIG. 1. A commutator 27 comprises 24 
(=np(py-1)) commutator segments, 27-1,27-2, . . . , 27-24, which are 
disposed with 15-degree angular intervals (1/4 the magnetic pole width), 
and each 3 (=np) separately disposed commutator segments which lie at 
120-degree (=360 degrees/np) angular intervals (which is two times the 
magnetic pole width) are electrically connected to each other. 
Specifically, the commutator segments 27-1, 27-9 and 27-17 are connected 
to each other through a conductor. Likewise, the commutator segments 27-2, 
27-10 and 27-18 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 27-3, 
27-11 and 27-19 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 27-4, 
27-12 and 27-20 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 27-5, 
27-13 and 27-21 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 27-6, 
27-14 and 27-22 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 27-7, 
27-15 and 27-23 are connected to each other; and the commutator segments 
27-8, 27-16 and 27-24 are connected to each other. As shown in FIG. 10(b), 
the armature 26 comprises armature coils 26-1, 26-3, 26-5 and 26-7, which 
are arranged side by side on a disc-shaped armature, with an equal pitch 
of 90 degree angular intervals (3/2 the magnetic pole width). The angular 
intervals of the conductive portions which contribute to the generation of 
torque in the armature coils (in the case of the armature coil 26-1, its 
conductive portions are 26-1-a and 26-1-b) are 60 degrees and equal to the 
magnetic pole width. The four armature coils are disposed adjacent to each 
other. The armature coils 26-2, 26-4, 26-6 and 26-8 are arranged side by 
side on the lower surface of the disc-shaped armature with the same 
angular intervals as mentioned above. The upper armature coils and the 
lower armature coils are double layered with a phase shift of 45 degrees, 
forming a disc-shaped armature, which corresponds to the armature 7 as 
shown in FIG. 1. 
Referring back to FIG. 7(a), each armature coil is subjected to 
wave-winding connection and the respective connecting portions of the 
armature coils 26-1 and 26-4, the armature coils 26-4 and 26-7, the 
armature coils 26-7 and 26-2, the armature coils 26-2 and 26-5, the 
armature coils 26-5 and 26-8, the armature coils 26-8 and 26-3, the 
armature coils 26-3 and 26-6, and of the armature coils 26-6 and 26-1 are 
connected to commutator segments 27-5, 27-14, 27-23, 27-8, 27-17, 27-2, 
27-11 and 27-20 in such a manner that they do not overlap in multiple 
layers, with the armature coils 27-2, 27-3, 27-5, 27-6, 27-8, 27-9, 27-11, 
27-12, 27-14, 27-15, 27-17, 27-18, 27-20, 27-21, 27-23 and 27-24 shown in 
FIG. 6 eliminated therefrom. The angular intervals of brushes 15-1 and 
15-2 are 180 degrees (3/1 the magnetic pole width). Those angular 
intervals are equivalent to 60-degree (=360/2np) angular intervals (equal 
to the magnetic pole width) and to 300-degree angular intervals. 
In the configuration shown in FIG. 6, when electric current flows in the 
direction of the arrow and torque is generated in each armature coil, the 
armature 26 and the commutator 27 are rotated in the directions of the 
arrow A and the arrow B, respectively. 
Thus, the switching of the armature current (that is, commutating) is done 
24 (=np(py-1)) times per one rotation (except the specific point) and the 
motor is rotated by successive generation of torque. 
In the motor as shown in FIG. 7(b), only the connection of the commutator 
segments to the counterpart armature coil is different from the connection 
of the commutator segments to the counterpart armature coil in the motor 
shown in FIG. 7(a). However, the characteristics of the motor shown in 
FIG. 7(b) are the same as those of the motor shown in FIG. 7(a). One end 
of the armature coil 26-1 is connected to the commutator segment 27-24 and 
the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 27-1. 
Likewise, one end of the armature coil 26-2 is connected to the commutator 
segment 27-3, and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator 
segment 27-4, and one end of the armature coil 26-3 is connected to the 
commutator segment 27-6, and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 27-7, and one end of the armature coil 26-4 is 
connected to the commutator segment 27-9, and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 27-10, and one end of the armature 
coil 26-5 is connected to the commutator segment 27-12, and the other end 
of the same is connected to the commutator segment 27-13, and one end of 
the armature coil 26-6 is connected to the commutator segment 27-15, and 
the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 27-16, 
and one end of the armature coil 26-7 is connected to the commutator 
segment 27-18, and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 27-19, and one end of the armature coil 26-8 is 
connected to the commutator segment 27-21 and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 27-22. 
As described above as to FIG. 4. in contrast to FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), and 
FIG. 7(b) in contrast FIG. 7(a), when only the connection of the armature 
coils to the counterpart commutator segments is different, the 
characteristics of the motors are the same. The same is true of the 
embodiments of a DC motor according to the present invention. Therefore, 
only one example of the connection of the commutator segments to the 
counterpart armature coils will hereafter be explained with respect to 
each embodiment. 
Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown an expanded view of a commutator motor 
provided with a field magnet with 6 (=2np) magnetic poles and 10 
(=n(py+1)) armature coils, where n=1, p=3 and y=3. A commutator 29 
comprises 20 (=np(py+1)) commutator segments, 29-1, 29-2, . . . , 29-30, 
which are disposed with 12-degree angular intervals (1/5 the magnetic pole 
width), and each 3 (=np) separately disposed commutator segments which lie 
at 120-degree (=360 degrees/np) angular intervals (which is two times the 
magnetic pole width) are electrically connected to each other. 
Specifically, the commutator segments 29-1, 29-11 and 29-21 are connected 
to each other through a conductor. Likewise, the commutator segments 29-2, 
29-12 and 29-22 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 29-3, 
29-13 and 29-23 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 29-4, 
29-14 and 29-24 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 29-5, 
29-15 and 29-25 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 29-6, 
29-16 and 29-26 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 29-7, 
29-17 and 29-27 are conntected to each other; the commutator segments 
29-8, 29-18 and 29-28 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 
29-9, 29-19 and 29-29 are connected to each other; and the commutator 
segments 29-10, 29-20 and 29-30 are connected to each other. As shown in 
FIG. 10(c), the armature 28 comprises armature coils 28-1, 28-3, 28-5, 
28-7, and 28-9, which are arranged side by side on a disc-shaped armature, 
with an equal pitch of 72-degree angular intervals (6/5 the magnetic pole 
width). The angular intervals of the conductive portions which contribute 
to the generation of torque in the armature coils (in the case of the 
armature coil 28-1, its conductive portions are 28-1-a and 28-1-b) are 60 
degrees and equal to the magnetic pole width. The five armature coils are 
disposed adjacent to each other. The armature coils 28-2, 28-4, 28-6, 28-8 
and 28-10 are arranged side by side on the lower surface of the 
disc-shaped armature with the same angular intervals as mentioned above. 
The upper armature coils and the lower armature coils are double layered 
with a phase shift of 36 degrees, forming a disc-shaped armature, which 
corresponds to the armature 7 as shown in FIG. 1. 
Referring back to FIG. 8, one end of the armature coils 28-1 is connected 
to the commutator segment 29-2 and the other end of the same is connected 
to the commutator segment 29-3. Likewise, one end of the armature coil 
28-2 is connected to the commutator segment 29-5 and the other end of the 
same is connected to the commutator segment 29-6, and one end of the 
armature coil 28-3 is connected to the commutator segment 29-8 and the 
other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 29-9, and one 
end of the armature coil 28-4 is connected to the commutator segment 29-11 
and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 
29-12, and one end of the armature coil 28-5 is connected to the 
commutator segment 29-14 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 29-15, and one end of the armature coil 28-6 is 
connected to the commutator segment 29-17 and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 29-18, and one end of the armature 
coil 28-7 is connected to the commutator segment 29-20 and the other end 
of the same is connected to the commutator segment 29-21, and one end of 
the armature coil 28-8 is connected to the commutator segment 29-23 and 
the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 29-24, 
and one end of the armature coil 28-9 is connected to the commutator 
segment 29-26 and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator 
segment 29-27, and one end of the armature coil 28-10 is connected to the 
commutator segment 29-29 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 29-30. The angular intervals of brushes 15-1 and 15-2 
are 180 degrees (3/1 the magnetic pole width). Those angular intervals are 
equivalent to 60-degree (=360/2np) angular intervals (equal to the 
magnetic pole width) and to 300-degree angular intervals. 
In the configuration shown in FIG. 8, when electric current flows in the 
direction of the arrow and torque is generated in each armature coil, the 
armature 28 and the commutator 29 are rotated in the directions of the 
arrow A and the arrow B, respectively. 
Thus, the switching of the armature current (that is, commutating) is done 
30 (=np(py+1)) times per one rotation (except the specific point) and the 
motor is rotated by successive generation of torque. 
Referring to FIG. 9, there is shown an expanded view of a commutator motor 
provided with a field magnet with 6 (=2np) magnetic poles and 11 
(=n(py-1)) armature coils, where n=1 p =3 and y=4. A commutator 33 
comprises 31 (=np(py-1)) commutator segments, 31-1, 31-2, . . . , 31-33, 
which are disposed with about 10.9-degree angular intervals (2/11 the 
magnetic pole width), and each 3 (=np) separately disposed commutator 
segments which lie at 120-degree (=360 degrees/np) angular intervals) 
which is two times the magnetic pole width) are electrically connected to 
each other. Specifically, the commutator segments 31-1, 31-12 and 31-23 
are connected to each other through a conductor. Likewise, the commutator 
segments 31-2, 31-13 and 31-24 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-3, 31-14 and 31-25 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-4, 31-15 and 31-26 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-5, 31-16 and 31-27 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-6, 31-17 and 31-28 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-7, 31-18 and 31-29 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-8, 31-19 and 31-30 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-9, 31-20 and 31-31 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 31-10, 31-21 and 31-32 are connected to each other; the 
commutator segments 31-10, 31-21 and 31-32 are connected to each other; 
and the commutator segments 31-11, 31-22 and 31-33 are connected to each 
other. 
As shown in FIG. 10(d), the armature 30 comprises armature coils 30-1, 
30-2, . . . and 30-11 which are arranged with an equal pitch, partly 
overlapping on each other, with about 32.7 degree angular intervals (6/11 
the magnetic pole width). The angular intervals of the conductive portions 
which contribute to the generation of torque in the armature coils (in the 
case of the armature coil 30-1, its conductive portions are 30-1-a and 
30-1-b) are 60 degrees and equal to the magnetic pole width. The armature 
30 corresponds to the armature 7 shown in FIG. 1. 
Referring back to FIG. 9, one end of the armatrue coil 30-1 is connected to 
the commutator segment 31-2 and the other end of the same is connected to 
the commutator segment 31-3. Likewise, one end of the armature coil 30-2 
is connected to the commutator segment 31-5 and the other end of the same 
is connected to the commutator segment 31-6, and one end of the armature 
coil 30-3 is connected to the commutator segment 31-8 and the other end of 
the same is connected to the commutator segment 31-9, and one end of the 
armature coil 30-4 is connected to the commutator segment 31-11 and the 
other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 31-12, and 
one end of the armature coil 30-5 is connected to the commutator segment 
31-14 and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 
31-15, and one end of the armature coil 30-6 is connected to the 
commutator segment 31-17 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 31-18, and one end of the armature coil 30-7 is 
connected to the commutator segment 31-20 and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 31-21, and one end of the armature 
coil 30-8 is connected to the commutator segment 31-23 and the other end 
of the same is connected to the commutator segment 31-24, and one end of 
the armature coil 30-9 is connected to the commutator segment 31-26 and 
the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 31-27, 
and one end of the armature coil 30-10 is connected to the commutator 
segment 31-29 and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator 
segment 31-30, and one end of the armature coil 30-11 is connected to the 
commutator segment 31-32 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 31-33. The angular intervals of brushes 15-1 and 15-2 
are 180 degrees (3/1 the magnetic pole width). Those angular intervals are 
equivalent to 60-degree (=360/2np) angular intervals (equal to the 
magnetic pole width) and to 300-degree angular intervals. 
In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, when electric current flows in the 
direction of the arrow and torque is generated in each armature coil, the 
armature 30 and the commutator 31 are rotated in the directions of the 
arrow A and the arrow B, respectively. 
Thus the switching of the armature current (that is, commutating) is done 
66 (=2np(py-1)) times per one rotation (except the specific point) and the 
motor is rotated with successive generation of torque. 
Referring to FIG. 11, there is shown an expanded view of a commutator motor 
provided with a field magnet with 8 (=2np) magnetic poles and 11 
(=n(py-1)) armature coils, where n=1, p=4 and y=3. The field magnet 32 has 
magnetic poles 32-1, 32-2, . . . , and 32-8, magnetized alternately to N 
and S magnetic poles in the direction of the rotating shaft, with 
45-degree angular intervals as shown in FIG. 12(a), which field magnet 32 
corresponds to the field magnet 6 as shown in FIG. 1. A commutator 34 
comprises 44 (=np(py-1)) commutator segments, 34-1, 34-2, . . . , 34-44, 
which are disposed with about 8.2-degree angular intervals (2/11 the 
magnetic pole width), and each 4 (=np) separately disposed commutator 
segments which lie at 90-degree (=360 degrees/np) angular intervals (which 
is two times the magnetic pole width) are electrically connected to each 
other. Specifically, the commutator segments 34-1, 34-12, 34-23 and 34-34 
are connected to each other through a conductor. Likewise, the commutator 
segments 34-2, 34-13, 34-24 and 34-35 are connected to each other; the 
commutator segments 34-3, 34-14, 34-25 and 34-36 are connected to each 
other; the commutator segments 34-4, 34-15, 34-26 and 34-37 are connected 
to each other; the commutator segments 34-5, 34-16, 34-27 and 34-38 are 
connected to each other; the commutator segments 34-6, 34-17, 34-28 and 
34-39 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 34-7, 34-18, 
34-29 and 34-40 are connected to each other; the commutator segments 34-8, 
34-19, 34-30 and 34-41 are connected to each other; the commutator 
segments 34-9, 34-20, 34-31 and 34-42 are connected to each other; the 
commutator segments 34-10, 34-21, 34-32 and 34-43 are connected to each 
other; the commutator segments 34-11, 34-22, 34-33 and 34-44 are connected 
to each other. 
As shown in FIG. 12(b), the armature 33 comprises armature coils 33-1, 
33-2, . . . , and 33-11 which are arranged with an equal pitch, partly 
overlapping on each other, with about 32.7 degrees angular intervals (8/11 
the magnetic pole width). The angular intervals of the conductive portions 
which contribute to the generation of torque in the armature coils (in the 
case of the armature coil 33-1, its conductive portions are 33-1-a and 
33-1-b) are 45 degrees and equal to the magnetic pole width. The armature 
33 corresponds to the armatue 7 shown in FIG. 1. 
Referring back to FIG. 11, one end of the armature coil 33-1 is connected 
to the commutator segment 34-2 and the other end of the same is connected 
to the commutator segment 34-3. Likewise, one end of the armature coil 
33-2 is connected to the commutator segment 34-6 and the other end of the 
same is connected to the commutator segment 34-7, and one end of the 
armature coil 33-3 is connected to the commutator segment 34-10 and the 
other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 34-11, and 
one end of the armature coil 33-4 is connected to the commutator segment 
34-14, and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator 
segment 34-15, and one end of the armature coil 33-5 is connected to the 
commutator segment 34-18 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 34-19, and one end of the armature coil 33-6 is 
connected to the commutator segment 34-22 and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 34-23, and one end of the armature 
coil 33-7 is connected to the commutator segment 34-26 and the other end 
of the same is connected to the commutator segment 34-27, and one end of 
the armature coil 33-8 is connected to the commutator segment 34-30 and 
the other end of the same is connected to the commutator segment 34-31, 
and one end of the armature coil 33-9 is connected to the commutator 
segment 34-34 and the other end of the same is connected to the commutator 
segme 34-35, and one end of the armature coil 33-10 is connected to the 
commutator segment 34-38 and the other end of the same is connected to the 
commutator segment 34-39, and one end of the armature coil 33-11 is 
connected to the commutator segment 34-42 and the other end of the same is 
connected to the commutator segment 34-43. The angular intervals of 
brushes 15-1 and 15-2 are 135 degrees (3/1 the magnetic pole width). Those 
angular intervals are equivalent to 45 degrees ((=360/2np)angular 
intervals (equal to the magnetic pole width), to 225 degrees angular 
intervals and to 315-degree angular width. 
In the configuration shown in FIG. 11, when electric current flows in the 
direction of the arrow and torque is generated in each armature coil, the 
armature 33 and the commutator 34 are rotated in the directions of the 
arrow A and the arrow B, respectively. 
Thus, the switching of the armature current (that is, commutating) is done 
88 (=2np(py-1)) times per one rotation (except the specific point) and the 
motor is rotated by successive generation of torque. 
Referring to FIG. 15 there is shown an expanded view of a commutator motor 
provided with a field magnet with 6 (2np) magnetic poles and 13 (n(py+1)) 
armature coils, where n=1, p=3, y=4. A commutator 52 is composed of 39 
(np(py+1)) commutator segments 52-1, 52-3, . . . , 52-39 disposed at 
angular intervals of about 9.2 degrees (2/13 of magnetic pole width) and 
each three (np) separately disposed commutator segments which lie at 120 
degree (360 degrees/np) angular intervals (which is twice the magnetic 
pole width) are electrically connected with each other. Namely, the 
commutator segments 52-1, 52-14, 52-27, the commutator segments 52-2, 
52-15, 52-28, the commutator segments 52-3, 52-16, 52-29, the commutator 
segments 52-4, 52-17, 52-30, the commutator segments 52-5, 52-18, 52-31, 
the commutator segments 52-6, 52-19, 52-32, the commutator segments 52-7, 
52-20, 52-33, the commutator segments 52-8, 52-21, 52-34, the commutator 
segments 52-9, 52-22, 52-35, the commutator segments 52-10, 52-23, 52-36, 
the commutator segments 52-11, 52-24, 52-37, the commutator segments 
52-12, 52-25, 52-38 and the commutator segments 52-13, 52-26, 52-39 are 
connected respectively with conductors. As shown in FIG. 17(a), the 
armature 51 is provided with such a structure that the armature coils 
51-1, 51-2, . . . , 51-13 are disposed with an equal pitch, namely with an 
angular interval of about 27.3 degrees (6/13 of magnetic pole width) 
allowing a partial overlapping. The conductors which contribute to 
generation of torque on the armature coil (51-1-a, 51-1-b in the case of 
armature coil 51-1) are arranged with an angular interval of 60 degrees 
which is equal to the magnetic pole width and corresponds to an armature 7 
shown in FIG. 1. Here, with respect to FIG. 15, the one end of armature 
coil 52-1 is connected to the commutator segment 52-2 and the other end to 
the commutator segment 52-3. In the same way, both ends of the armature 
coil 51-2 are respectively connected to the commutator segments 52-5 and 
52-6, both ends of armature coil 51-3 to the commutator segments 52-8 and 
52-9, both ends of armature coil 51-4 to the commutator segments 52-11 and 
52-12, both ends of armature coil 51-5 to the commutator segments 52-14, 
52-15, both ends of armature coil 51-6 to the commutator segments 52-17 
and 52-18, both ends of armature coil 51-7 to the commutator segments 
52-20 and 52-21, both ends of armature coil 51-8 to the commutator 
segments 52-23 and 52-24, both ends of armature coil 51-9 to the 
commutator segments 52-26 and 52-27, both ends of armature coil 51-10 to 
the commutator segments 52-29 and 52-30, both ends of armature coil 51-11 
to the commutator segments 52-32 and 52-33, both ends of armature coil 
51-12 to the commutator segments 52-35 and 52-36 and both ends of armature 
coil 51-13 to the commutator segments 52-38 and 52-39, respectively. An 
angular interval of brushes 15-1, 15-2 is 180 degrees (3/1 of the magnetic 
pole width) but it is equivalent to 60 degrees (360/2np, equal to the 
magnetic pole width) or 300 degrees. In such an positional relation as 
shown in the figure, power is supplied in the direction indicated by the 
arrow. Thereby, torques are generated in the respective armature coils and 
the armatures 51 and 52 rotate respectively in the directions indicated by 
the arrows A and B. Switching of armature current (rectification) is 
carried out at the rate of 78 times (2np(py+1)) per rotation and rotation 
is continued by the successive generation of torque. 
FIG. 16 is an expanded view of a commutator motor provided with a field 
magnet with 8 (2np) magnetic poles and 13 (n(py+1)) armature coils, where 
n=1, p=4, y=3. A field magnetic pole 32 is composed of magnetic poles of 
32-1, 32-2, . . . , 32-8 which are magnetized to N and S poles in the 
rotating direction with an angular interval of 45 degrees as shown in FIG. 
12(a) and corresponds to the six field magnetic poles shown in FIG. 1. The 
commutator 54 is composed of 52 (np(py+1)) commutator segments 54-1, 54-2, 
. . . , 54-52 arranged with an angular interval of about 6.9 degrees (2/13 
of magnetic pole width). Groups of four separately disposed commutator 
segments (np) arranged with an angular interval (360/np=90 degrees which 
is equal to twice the magnetic pole width) are electrically connected. 
Namely, the commutator segments 54-1, 54-14, 54-27, 54-40, the commutator 
segments 54-2, 54-15, 54-28, 54-41, the commutator segments 54-3, 54-16, 
54-29, 54-42, the commutator segments 54-4, 54-17, 54-30, 54-43, the 
commutator segments 54-5, 54-18, 54-31, 54-44, the commutator segments 
54-6, 54-19, 54-32, 54-45, the commutator segments 54-7, 54-20, 54-33, 
54-46, the commutator segments 54-8, 54-21, 54-34, 54-47, the commutator 
segments 54-9, 54-22, 54-35, 54-48, the commutator segments 54-10, 54-23, 
54-36, 54-49, the commutator segments 54-11, 54-24, 54-37, 54-50, the 
commutator segments 54-12, 54-25, 54-38, 54-51, and the commutator 
segments 54-13, 54-26, 54-39, 54-52 are respectively connected with 
conductors. As shown in FIG. 17(b), an armature 53 is composed of armature 
coils 53-1, 53-2, . . . , 53-13 arranged with equal pitch, namely an 
angular interval of about 27.7 degrees (8/13 of magnetic pole width), 
allowing partial overlapping. An angular interval of the conductors 
(53-1-a, 53-1-b in the case of the armature coil of 53-1) which contribute 
to generation of torque on the armature coil is 45 degrees which is equal 
to magnetic pole width, and it corresponds to an armature 7 in FIG. 7. 
Referring back to FIG. 16, the one end of armature coil 53-1 is connected 
to the commutator segment 54-2, and the other end to the commutator 
segment 54-3. In the same way, the ends of armature coil 53-2 to the 
commutator segments 54-6 and 54-7, the ends of armature coil 53-3 to the 
commutator segments 54-10 and 54-11, the ends of armature coil 53-4 to the 
commutator segments 54-14 and 54-15, the ends of armature coil 53-5 to the 
commutator segments 54-18 and 54-19, the ends of armature coil 53-6 to the 
commutator segments 54-22 and 54-23, the ends of armature coil 53-7 to the 
commutator segments 54-26 and 54-27, the ends of armature coil 53-8 to the 
commutator segments 54-30 and 54-31, the ends of armature coil 53-9 to the 
commutator segments 54-34 and 54-35, the ends of armature coil 53-10 to 
the commutator segments 53-38 and 53-39, the ends of armature coil 53-11 
to the commutator segments 53-42 and 53-43, the ends of armature coil 
53-12 to the commutator segments 53-46 and 53-47, and the ends of armature 
coil 53-13 to the commutator segments 54-50 and 54-51 respectively. An 
angular interval of brushes 15-1, 15-2 is 135 degrees (3/1 of magnetic 
pole width), and it is equivalent to 45 degrees (360/2np magnetic pole 
width) or 225 degrees or 315 degrees. In the positional relation shown in 
the figure, power is supplied in the direction indicated by the arrow. 
When torque is generated on the respective armature coils, the armature 53 
and commutator 54 rotate respectively in the directions indicated by the 
arrows A and B. Thereby, switching of armature current (rectification) is 
carried out at the rate of 104 times (2np(py+1)) (except for the singular 
point) during a single rotation. The torque is successively generated and 
thereby rotation is continued. 
Referring to FIG. 13, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a 
semiconductor motor provided with a disc-shaped armature. In the figure, a 
bearing 39 is fixed to a casing 38 made of press-formed soft steel. 
Further, a casing 37 made of press-formed soft steel is secured to the 
casing 38 by screws 45. A rotating shaft 35 for supporting a turntable 36 
is rotatably supported by the bearing 39. To the rotating shaft 35 is 
fixed a magnet rotor 40 through a magnet holder 40a. Around the outer 
peripheral surface of the magnet rotor 40, there is fixed a ring-shaped 
position sensing indication band 42. The magnet rotor 40, which serves as 
a field magnet, is magnetized to magnetic poles N and S located in the 
axial direction of the rotating shaft 35. A disc member 41 of soft steel, 
forming a magnetic circuit, is attached to the upper surface of the magnet 
rotor 40. An armature 44 is attached to the inner surface of the casing 
38. Reference numeral 43 indicates a support member for a position sensor, 
which support member 43 is held in a vacant portion formed in the casing 
37. In an outer peripheral lower portion of the bearing 39, there is 
formed a screw portion in which the rotating shaft 35 is screwed through 
an internal thread 39-1, so that the position of the rotating shaft 39 can 
be adjusted in the thrust direction. 
Referring to FIG. 14, a semiconductor motor provided with the 
above-described disc-shaped armature, to which the present invention is 
applied, will now be explained. 
FIG. 14 is an expanded view of the motor provided with a field magnet with 
4 (=2np) magnetic poles and 5 (=n(py-1)) armature coils, where n=1, p=2 
and y=3. A magnet rotor 46, which serves as the field magnet, has magnetic 
poles 46-1, 46-2, 46-3 and 46-4, magnetized to N and S magnetic poles in 
the direction of the rotating shaft, with 90 degree angular intervals, and 
is rotated in the direction of the arrow C, which magnet rotor 46 
corresponds to the magnetic rotor 40 as shown in FIG. 13. An armature 47 
comprises armature coils 47-1, 47-2, 47-3, 47-4 and 47-5 which are 
arranged with an equal pitch, partly overlapping on each other, with 
72-degree angular intervals (4/5 the magnetic pole width). The angular 
intervals of the conductive portions which contribute to the generation of 
torque in the armature coils (in the case of the armature coil 47-1, its 
conductive portions are 47-1-a and 47-1-b) are 90 degrees and equal to the 
magnetic pole width. The armature 47 corresponds to the armature 44 shown 
in FIG. 13. Those armature coils are connected in series with each other. 
The respective connection portions of the armature coils 47-1 and 47-4, 
the armature coils 47-4 and 47-2, the armature coils 47-2 and 47-5, the 
armature coils 47-5 and 47-3, and of the armature coils 47-3 and 47-1 are 
connected to DC power source positive pole 51-1 and DC power source 
negative pole 51-2 through a power supply control circuit 48 which is 
commonly used as power supply control apparatus. Reference numerals 49-1, 
49-2, 49-3, 49-4 and 49-5 indicate position sensor. As the position 
sensors, for instance, Hall devices, induction coils or the like can be 
employed. The angular intervals of the position sensors are 72 degrees, 
corresponding to 4/5 the magnetic pole width. The position sensors 49-1, 
49-2, 49-3, 49-4 and 49-5 are held in the support member 43 as shown in 
FIG. 13 and are directed towards a position sensing indication band 42. 
When the position sensing indication band 42 is at the magnetic poles, the 
outward leaked magnetic flux of the magnetic poles 46-1, 46-2, 46-3 and 
46-4 of the magnetic rotor 46 can be utilized. Reference numeral 50 
indicates a position sensing indication band including an S pole shown by 
dotted portions 50-1 and 50-3 and an N pole shown by shaded portions 50-2 
and 50-4, which position sensing indication band 50 corresponds to the 
position sensing indication band 42 as shown in FIG. 13. By the output of 
the Hall devices 49-1, 49-2, 49-3, 49-4 and 49-5, which are positioned so 
as to face the N pole, the transistor and others of the first group 
contained in the power supply control circuit 50 are made conductive, so 
that the armature coils facing the DC power source positive pole 51-1 is 
made conductive. Furthermore, by the output of the Hall devices 49-1, 
49-2, 49-3, 49-4 and 49-5, the transistor and others of the second group 
contained in the power supply control circuit 50 are made conductive, so 
that the armature coils facing the DC power source negative pole 51-2 is 
made conductive. By the above-mentioned conduction, the armature current 
is controlled. 
In the configuration as shown in FIG. 14, by the output of the Hall device 
49-4 which faces the N pole, its counterpart transistor in the first group 
is made conductive, so that the connecting portion of the DC power source 
positive pole 51-1 and the armature coils 47-2 and 47-5 is made 
conductive. Furthermore, by the output of the Hall device 49-3 which faces 
the S pole, its counterpart transistor in the second group is made 
conductive, so that the connecting portion of the DC power source negative 
pole 51-2 and the armature coils 47-1 and 47-4 is made conductive. As a 
result, electric current flows in the direction of the arrow and torque is 
generated in each armature coil, so that the magnetic rotor 46 and the 
position sensing indication band 50 are respectively rotated in the 
direction of the arrows C and D. Thus, the switching of the armature 
current (that is, commutating) is done 20 (=2np(py-1)) times per one 
rotation and the motor is rotated with successive generation of torque. 
Since this conduction system is the same as that of the conventional 
semiconductor motors, in the above-mentioned semiconductor motor, the 
magnetic rotor 46 and the position sensing indication band 50 are 
respectively rotated in the directions of the arrows C and D. In the 
above-mentioned embodiment, there are provided the field magnet with four 
magnetic poles and five armature coils. The present invention is not 
limited to that embodiment, but can be applied to other semiconductor 
motors. 
In all the above-described embodiments of a DC motor according to the 
present invention, the present invention is applied to the disc-shaped 
armatures. As a matter of course, the present invention can be applied to 
cylindrical armatures and core armatures as well. 
Furthermore, the object of the present invention can be attained in the 
motors provided with n(py+1) armature coils with 2np magnetic poles. 
Therefore, in addition to the above-described embodiments, the present 
invention can be applied, for instance, to the following embodiments: In 
the case of 4 magnetic poles, motors with 9, 11, 14, 16, . . . , armature 
coils; in the case of 6 magnetic poles, motors with 13, 14, 16, . . . , 
armature coils; in the case of 8 magnetic poles, motors with 13, 15, 17, . 
. . , armature coils; in the case of 10 magnetic poles, motors with 14, 
16, 19, . . . , armature coils. Although, in all of the above-described 
embodiments, n=1, the present invention is not limited to that case. 
According to the present invention, when the number of armature coils are 
increased to n times the number of the magnetic poles and the number of 
armature coils adopted in the above-described embodiments (where n is an 
integer more than 1), DC motors with high torque and high efficiency and 
excellent commutating characteristics, with all the armature coils 
disposed with an equal pitch and the armature reduced in thickness. 
Thus, there is provided in accordance with the present invention a DC motor 
which has the advantages discussed above. The embodiments described are 
intended to be merely exemplary and those skilled in the art will be able 
to make variations and modifications in them without departing from the 
spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications and variations 
are contemplated as falling within the scope of the claims.