Universal joint shaft, particularly for a steering column of motor vehicles

The universal joint shaft, particularly for a steering column of a motor vehicle, includes a tubular outer shaft, a tubular inner shaft slidably mounted in the outer shaft for axial telescoping movement relative to the outer shaft and engageable for rotation therewith, a bearing between the inner and outer shafts, and a guide tube member between the inner and outer shafts for guiding the inner shaft relative to the outer shaft and transmitting torque between the inner and outer shafts.

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention generally relates to a universal joint shaft, and, more 
particularly, to a new and useful universal joint shaft having telescoping 
parts which are engageable with each other in the direction of rotation, 
and advantageously usable as steering shaft for motor vehicles and in 
which, preferably, an anti-friction bearing is provided for axial guidance 
and torque transmission. 
Shafts of this kind are known and various designs thereof are described and 
shown, for example, in West German Pat. No. 22 09 170 and West German 
Offenlegunsschrift No. 25 38 686. Such shafts are typically provided, on 
both ends with a universal joint which acts as a connecting member to 
driving and driven mechanisms. The universal joints are either welded or 
screw connected to the shaft. Screwed connections are preferred since the 
option of unscrewing facilitates the mounting and dismounting of the 
shaft. However, prior art shafts of this design are disadvantageous 
insofar as with a given overall length in mounted position, the 
simultaneously required extension cannot be obtained. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The invention is directed to a universal joint shaft, particularly for a 
steering column of motor vehicles having the capacity for being widely 
extended, while having a small length in mounted position, which is usable 
particularly in commercial tilting-type vehicles. At the same time, the 
shaft is simple in design and economical to manufacture. 
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, an arrangement is 
provided which ensures a mutually secure locking of the shaft parts over 
the range of their displacements. 
In accordance with the invention, a universal joint shaft, particularly for 
a steering column of a motor vehicle, includes a tubular outer shaft, a 
tubular inner shaft slidably mounted in the outer shaft for axial 
telescoping movement relative to the outer shaft and engageable for 
rotation therewith, bearing means between the inner and outer shafts, and 
guide means between the inner and outer shafts for guiding the inner shaft 
relative to the outer shaft and transmitting torque between said inner and 
outer shafts. 
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide means 
includes a tubular guide tube and the inner shaft comprises two separate 
shaft portions concentrically received within the guide tube. The bearing 
means is preferably mounted to a first one of the shaft portions and the 
second one of the shaft portions is axially displaceable in the guide 
tube. 
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the invention, locking 
means are provided for locking the guide tube to the outer shaft. The 
locking means preferably comprises a bearing ring mounted intermediate the 
guide tube and the outer shaft, a resilient ring operatively 
interconnecting the first and second ones of the shaft portions, and at 
least one of the resilient ring and bearing ring including means for 
detachably connecting the resilient ring to the bearing ring. 
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a universal joint 
shaft which is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical to 
manufacture. 
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are 
pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part 
of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its 
operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference 
is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which 
preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
Referring now to the drawings, in particular wherein like reference 
characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the views, 
there is shown a universal joint shaft in accordance with the invention. 
In FIG. 1, the universal joint shaft is composed of an elongated outer 
shaft part or housing 1, which is tubular, and extended by a tubular 
extension sleeve 1a. An inner shaft 2 is guidingly received within a bore 
of housing 1 for motion relative to telescoping shaft-housing 1 and for 
engagement therewith in the direction of rotation. Inner shaft 2 comprises 
two separate shaft parts designated a first part 2a and a second part 2b. 
The housing 1 and shaft part 2b are each provided at one end, in a manner 
known per se, with a universal joint 3,4. The universal joints 3,4 are 
detachable, for example, through screw connection with the shaft parts, to 
facilitate the mounting and dismounting of the shaft. The left end of 
tubular housing 1 is closed by a bottom 5 which carries a stud 6 to which 
universal joint 3 is secured. Bottom 5 may be formed with stud 6 as a 
single piece, for example, through a weld 30. 
A ball bearing 7 is provided on the outer end portion of shaft part 2a for 
axially guiding and holding part 2a in coupling engagement. The guidance 
and torque transmission are effected in a manner known per se, through 
balls 8 rolling between the outer and inner shaft parts, which are 
received in race grooves 9, 10 formed on the circumferential surfaces of 
shaft housing 1 and part 2a. Grooves 9 extend the entire length of outer 
shaft part 1 and extension sleeve 1a, so that in a first phase of 
extension, inner shaft 2 can be pulled up to the end of the sleeve. 
The inner shaft 2 is concentrically surrounded by another shaft part, a 
guide tube 11, at shaft part 2b, which is received in outer shaft part 1. 
The axial guidance is ensured by a splined surface portion 12 of shaft 
part 2b engaging corresponding lands or grooves 13 provided on the inner 
circumferential surface of guide tube 11. Guide tube 11 is firmly 
connected, at one end, to first shaft part 2a by, for example, a snap ring 
14, and is supported by its other extremity at the end of tubular sleeve 
1a of the outer shaft part 1 by a bearing ring 15. The bearing ring 15 is 
preferably composed of an elastic material carrying a gasket 16 and held 
in place by a thrust ring 17. 
The inner shaft part 2b, in turn, is supported in guide tube 11 by means of 
slide friction means in the form of an elastic ring 18. The elastic ring 
18 is secured inside the end portion of guide tube 11 by means of thrust 
rings 19, 20 and serves, at the same time as a seal. Ring 18 is made of 
elastic material that is prestressed in order to increase the sliding 
friction between the ring and shaft part 2b. To prevent a hard butting of 
shaft part 2a against bottom 5 of outer shaft part 1 upon retracting the 
shaft, a compression spring 22 is provided between bottom 5 and a 
protective cap 21 covering bearing 7. 
The higher sliding friction produced between shaft part 2b and ring 18, by 
the prestressing of the elastic ring, is needed to ensure that during the 
steering, only the ball-bearing telescopic section with its rolling 
friction becomes effective, while the sliding telescopic section remains 
in its rest position relative to guide tube 11. The sliding telescopic 
function comes into effect only after bearing 7 is displaced to abut 
against bearing ring 15 whereupon shaft part 2b may further be pulled out 
of guide tube 11 to permit for example, a complete tilting of the driver's 
cab. While tilting the cab back into its initial position, the universal 
joint shaft is retracted in the reverse order of operations, i.e., first, 
shaft part 2a is pushed inwardly until spring 22 is sufficiently 
compressed to overcome the sliding friction between ring 18 and shaft part 
2b, whereupon the sliding telescopic part is pushed into its initial 
position. The wide telescoping range of the universal joint is indicated 
in the drawing at A and B. A is the rolling friction range of the 
ball-bearing telescopic section and B is the sliding friction range of the 
sliding telescopic section so that A plus B represent the total 
telescoping capability. 
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, shaft 2b is provided with a groove 2c into 
which ring 18 engages when the shaft is in its steering position. The 
guide tube 11 is firmly connected at one end to shaft part 2a to which it 
is secured, for example, by snap ring 14 and a screw 14a. Inner shaft part 
2b thus becomes completely locked against unintentional shifting relative 
to shaft parts 2a and guide tube 11. In this embodiment, there is no need 
for prestressing the ring 18 with the intention of increasing its sliding 
friction on shaft part 2b, and such a measure may be provided only as an 
occasional expedient in particular applications. 
Ring 18 in groove 2c thus forms releasable locking means between second 
shaft portion 2b and guide tube 11. Shaft part 2a carrying ball bearing 7 
and guide tube 11 are locked to each other by means of a resilient 
sleeve-like ring 31 which is received as an insert on the end of guide 
tube 11, adjacent the ball-bearing 7, and held in place on a shoulder of 
the tube wall by a snap ring 23. Ring 31 is preferably made of an elastic 
plastic material and advantageously provided with longitudinal slots 32 to 
facilitate its snapping into bearing ring 15. On its free end, ring 31 is 
provided with a raised portion such as a beaded rim 33 which, as the shaft 
is being extended, snaps into a circular groove 15a formed in the inner 
face of bearing ring 15 to lock the united shaft part 2a and guide tube 11 
against displacement. Up to this phase of extension, shaft part 2b, in its 
function as a sliding telescopic section, remains locked by sealing ring 
18 engaging a groove 2c. 
Shaft part 2b can be withdrawn farther upon overcoming the resistance 
exerted by the elastic material of ring 18. To retract the shaft parts 
into their initial positions, shaft part 2b is pushed in first, until ring 
18 snaps into groove 2c again. Up to this phase of retraction, shaft part 
2a and guide tube 11 remain locked by ring 31 and bearing ring 15 against 
returning to their initial positions. Only upon a further push can this 
lock be overcome so that shaft part 2a and guide tube 11 are also 
retracted. 
The embodiment of FIG. 2 ensures, during the extension and retraction that 
the shaft parts will be displaced in accordance with their predetermined 
range of motion. During steering, only the ball bearing telescopic section 
with its rolling friction becomes effective, while the sliding telescopic 
section is securely held in its rest position relative to guide tube 11. 
The sliding telescopic section becomes effective only if shaft part 2a and 
guide tube 11 are locked at bearing ring 15 of the guide tube, i.e., only 
then can shaft part 2b be disengaged from its locking position and pulled 
farther, in order to completely extend the shaft. After tilting the 
driver's cab back into its initial position, the universal joint shaft is 
retracted. To this end, shaft part 2b is pushed in and locked. Then, upon 
disengaging shaft part 3a and guide tube 11 from outer shaft part 1, all 
the shaft parts can be returned to their initial positions. 
The sequence of operations, as described in the above example is not 
mandatory. For example, the shaft parts may also be retracted by first 
pushing in shaft part 2a and guide tube 11 and then shaft part 2b. The 
sequential order depends on the design and dimensioning of the elastic 
elements causing the locking. In the shown example, rings 31 and 18 are so 
arranged and designed that ring 18 opposes a smaller resistance to the 
motion of shaft part 2b than ring 31 does with respect to shaft part 2a 
and guide tube 11 so that during a retraction of the universal joint 
shaft, shaft part 2b is pushed in first, until ring 18 snaps in. Then 
shaft part 2a and guide tube 11 can be unlocked and pushed in. The ranges 
of motion obtained with the inventive design are shown in the drawing by 
dimension lines, A indicating the range of motion of the ball-bearing 
telescopic section and B indicating the range of motion of the sliding 
telescopic section, and A plus B being the total range of extension. 
While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described 
in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the 
invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied 
otherwise without departing from such principles.