Reciprocal chuck for paving breaker

A handheld paving breaker includes a reciprocal chuck in a front head and an elastic spring for biasing the chuck toward the fronthead. The chuck can move longitudinally, but is restrained from rotation in the fronthead. A moil mounted in the chuck is biased against the work surface by the chuck, to provide better control of the moil, during start-up and operation. Wear pads between the spring and members against which the spring is seated improve spring life.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates generally to paving breakers, and more particularly 
to an apparatus on a paving breaker for retaining and stabilizing a moil 
in the fronthead of a paving breaker. 
The traditional handheld paving breaker design consists of a piston 
transferring energy through an anvil block to a moil. One of the purposes 
of the anvil block is to keep the moil point on the working surface, as 
pressurized air enters the breaker. However, a 15 percent loss of power is 
incurred during the transfer of energy through the anvil block. To 
maximize power, the anvil block can be eliminated. However, with no anvil 
block, the problem of stabilizing the moil increases. The moil tends to 
bounce from the work surface, making operation of the breaker difficult. 
The foregoing illustrates limitations known to exist in present paving 
breakers. Thus, it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an 
alternative directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations set 
forth above. Accordingly, a suitable alternative is provided including 
features more fully disclosed hereinafter. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In one aspect of the present invention, this is accomplished by providing a 
paving breaker having a housing forming a first bore with a longitudinal 
axis extending therethrough and a piston in said first bore reciprocal 
along said longitudinal axis; a moil retaining apparatus comprising: 
piston bearing means in said first bore extending longitudinally within 
said housing for slidably supporting an end of said piston, said piston 
bearing means forming a second bore concentric with said first bore around 
said axis; a front head extending longitudinally from within said housing, 
said front head forming a third bore concentric with said first and second 
bores around said axis; latch means on said front head for releasably 
holding a moil in said front head; reciprocal chuck means extending 
longitudinally within said front head for slidably holding a top end of a 
moil, said chuck means forming a fourth bore concentric with said first, 
second and third bores around said axis, said chuck means being slidable 
longitudinally in said front head between a first and second stop 
position; biasing means in said housing, for biasing said chuck means 
longitudinally toward said fronthead; retainer means in said fronthead for 
permitting longitudinal movement of said chuck means, while restraining 
rotational movement of said chuck means; first mounting means for 
releasably mounting said piston bearing means in said housing; and second 
mounting means for releasably mounting said chuck means in said front head 
.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a paving breaker is shown generally as 1, 
having a housing 3 that forms a first bore 5, with a longitudinal center 
axis 7 extending therethrough. A piston 9 in first bore 5 is reciprocal 
along axis 7, as is well known. The back end of the paving breaker 1 is 
not shown, but includes an back head, with operator control handles 
thereon, as well as entrance and exhaust ports for transmitting compressed 
air through the breaker to operate the piston, as is well known. 
Piston bearing means 11 in first bore 5 extends longitudinally within 
housing 3 for slidably supporting an end 13 of piston 9. Piston bearing 
means 11 forms a second bore 15 concentric with first bore 5, around axis 
7. A front head 20 extends longitudinally from within housing 3. Front 
head 20 forms a third bore 22 concentric with first bore 5 and second bore 
15. Front head 20 is held in housing 3 by a nut and bolt fastener 24 
compressing housing 3 around fronthead 20, as is well known. 
A conventional latch means 26 is mounted on fronthead 20 for releasably 
holding a moil 28 (shown in phantom) in fronthead 20. Latch means 26 
includes a latch handle 30 pivotable about a pivot pin 32 that is mounted 
on fronthead 20. A spring biased plunger 34 rides on latch head 36 as 
latch handle is pivoted between an open and closed position. With latch 26 
in the open position, plunger 34 rests in depression 38 to provide a 
detent, or holding action, as is well known. Other types of latch 
mechanisms will work. 
A reciprocal chuck means 40 extends longitudinally outwardly from within 
front head 20. Chuck means 40 forms a fourth bore 42 concentric with first 
bore 5, second bore 15 and third bore 22, around axis 7. Chuck means 40 
slidably retains a top end 46 of moil 28. Chuck means 40 is slidable 
longitudinally in fronthead 20 between a first and second stop position, 
as described hereinafter. 
Biasing means 50 in housing 3 biases chuck means 40 toward fronthead 20, so 
as to force moil 28 into contact with the work surface, not shown, as a 
way of controlling moil 28 during start-up of the breaker. Biasing means 
50 is preferably an elastic spring 52 compressible between a bottom end 54 
of piston bearing means 11 and a top end 56 of chuck means 40. Other types 
of elastic biasing will work, such as pneumatic, or hydraulic means. 
Retainer means 60 in fronthead 20 permits longitudinal movement of chuck 
means 40, while simultaneously restraining chuck means 40 from rotational 
movement, as described hereinafter. 
First mounting means 62 releasably mounts piston bearing means 40 in 
housing 3. First mounting means 62 is preferred to be an elastic split 
ring 64, as is well known. Second mounting means 66 releasably mounts 
chuck means 40 in front head 20. Second mounting means 66 is preferred to 
be an elastic split ring 68, as is well known. First split ring 64 is 
positioned in a circumferential groove 70 in an inner surface of housing 
3. Split ring 64 extends into first bore 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2), to contact 
bottomsend 54 of piston bearing means 11 and top end 72 of fronthead 20. 
Second split ring 68 is positioned in a circumferential groove 74 in an 
inner surface of fronthead 20. Split ring 68 extends into fourth bore 42 
(FIGS. 1 and 2), to contact, as a stop, bottom end 76 of chuck means 40. 
Now referring to FIG. 4, the chuck 80 of the invention is shown. Chuck 80 
comprises an elongated tubular body 82 terminating at top end 84 and 
bottom end 86. Top end 84 forms a top shoulder portion 88 for seating 
spring 52. Body 82 has an inner surface 90 forming fourth bore 42. As 
viewed in a horizontal cross-section (FIG. 3), inner surface 90 is 
polygonal in shape, similar to top portion 46 of moil 28, so that moil 28 
can reciprocate in chuck 80, but it cannot rotate therein. Body 82 has an 
external surface 92 extending between top end 84 and bottom end 86. 
External surface 92, adjacent bottom end 86, forms a radially extending 
collar 94, with a sloped contact shoulder 96 thereon, for stopping chuck 
80 at a first stop position, as described hereinafter. Body 82, at bottom 
end 86, forms a bottom shoulder 100 (FIGS. 1 and 2) comprising, at a first 
portion 102, a surface for contacting, as a stop, a protruding moil collar 
104, shown in phantom in (FIGS. 1 and 2). 
At a second portion of bottom end 86 is provided a grooved surface 106 for 
contacting split ring 68 to provide a second stop position for chuck 80, 
as described hereinafter. Body 82 also includes at least one 
longitudinally extending keyway 108 between top end 84 and bottom end 86. 
Keyway 108 receives retainer means 60 therein. We prefer two keyways, 
diametrically oppositely spaced around a perimeter formed by external 
surface 92, with each keyway 108 receiving a retainer means 60. Retainer 
means 60 permits longitudinal movement of chuck 80, but simultaneously 
restrains rotational movement thereof. 
Now referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the retaining means 60 will be further 
described. At least one radially extending bore 110 is positioned in a 
sidewall 112 of fronthead 20. Bore 110 ends at a bottom surface 114 within 
sidewall 112. Extending the rest of the way through sidewall 112 is an 
aperture 116 between bottom surface 114 and third bore 22. A removable 
rivet 120 is positioned in bore 110. Rivet 120 has a head 122 bottomed 
against bottom surface 114, and a shank 124 radially extending into third 
bore 22 via aperture 116. Shank 124 is slidably positioned in groove 106 
on chuck 80. We prefer two such retainer means. 
Now referring to FIGS. 1 and 2. In order to maximize spring life, a first 
annular wear pad 130 is positioned between a top end 132 of spring 52 and 
bottom end 54 of piston bearing means 11. Spring 52 and pad 130 contact a 
shoulder 134 in second bore 15, formed at the location of change of 
diameter of second bore 15. A second annular wear pad 136 is positioned 
between a bottom end 138 of spring 52 and top end 84 of chuck 11. Spring 
52 and pad 136 contact a shoulder 88 on top end 84 of chuck 80, formed at 
a location of change of diameter of body 82. We prefer the wear pads 130 
and 136 to be provided from a nonmetallic material such as an acetal resin 
supplied by The DuPont Corporation under the registered trademark DELRIN 
II. 
In assembling the breaker, piston bearing means 11 is telescoped into 
housing 3, and split ring 64 is snapped into place. Rivets 120 are placed 
into bores 110 and fronthead 20 is placed in housing 3. Chuck 80 is 
telescoped into housing 3, aligning grooves 106 with shanks 124. Bolt and 
nut 24 are tightened to lock the assembly in place. Split ring 68 is 
snapped into groove 74. Finally, moil 28 is inserted into chuck 80 and 
latch means 26 is closed. 
FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of the assembly when the moil 28 is just 
barely in contact with the work surface, with only the weight of the 
housing 3 acting on the spring 52. Chuck 80 is in the first stop position 
wherein collar 94 and groove portion 106 are forced against split ring 68 
by spring 52. 
FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the assembly when the breaker is being 
operated, with an operator pressing on the breaker. Spring 52 is 
compressed, and chuck 80 is in the second stop position, wherein sloped 
surface 94 contacts and stops against a shoulder 140 formed on the 
internal surface of front head 20, shoulder 140 extending radially into 
third bore 22. 
It should be understood that the terms "top" or "bottom" as used herein 
refer to the orientation of elements of the breaker, with the work surface 
horizontal and the breaker held in the normal vertical working position. A 
rotation of the breaker out of vertical would rotate the "top" and 
"bottom" orientation along therewith.