Metal working lubricant

A water base metal working lubricant includes water soluble polyalkylene glycols, a water emulsifiable high pressure lubricant component, which may be a chlorinated paraffin or a sulfurized or chlorinated fatty acid ester, and a non-ionic or anionic emulsifier for the high pressure lubricant. The latter is provided by a salt of a fatty acid sulfonate or sulfate, or a phosphate organic acid or ester of a fatty acid. The mixture may also include anticorrosives and a bactericide.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to metal working lubricants and, in 
particular, to water base metal working lubricants. Lubricants are 
employed in metal working operations such as cutting, rolling, drawing and 
milling in order to reduce friction and heat and thereby wear and tear on 
the metal working tools and in general to facilitate the metal working 
operation. 
The use of lubricants is, of course, a standard expedient in the art and 
both petroleum oil base and water base lubricants are well known. 
Generally, oil base lubricants provide excellent lubricity but have a 
tendency to form undesirable deposits and excessive smoke at high 
temperatures. Water base lubricants do not have these disadvantages and, 
because of the high specific heat of water, display generally superior 
cooling ability. Water base lubricants do have a tendency to cause rusting 
or corrosion of the tools and metal. However, suitable anticorrosive 
additives can control the corrosion problem and water base systems find 
wide employment because of the above-mentioned advantages. 
There are two general types of water base metal working lubricants. The 
soluble type uses ingredient additives which are soluble in the water base 
to form a true solution. The emulsion type contains water emulsifiable 
ingredients which are emulsified in the water base by emulsifiers and 
remain suspended in the water as minute droplets. There are certain 
characteristics of each of these two types of water base lubricants. 
Performance of water soluble lubricants tends to fall off at a fairly 
uniform rate as the concentration of the effective ingredients diminishes 
with repeated use of the lubricant so that performance corresponds rather 
closely to the concentration of the soluble ingredients remaining in 
solution. On the other hand, emulsion type water base lubricants tend to 
maintain fairly uniform performance characteristics over rather protracted 
periods of use until the dilution factor becomes so great as to interfere 
with their effectiveness. At this point, performance falls off rather 
abruptly. 
Thus, the emulsion type water base lubricant has the advantage of generally 
uniform performance characteristics throughout most of its useful life but 
has the disadvantage of requiring that care be taken to maintain the 
active ingredients in emulsion. Both water base types usually require 
additives to control the formation of bacteria in the lubricant during 
storage or use and to control the corrosive effects of water on many of 
the metals on which the lubricant is used. 
Numerous different formulations for water base metal working lubricants 
are, of course, known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,813,337 discloses a 
metal working lubricant which includes a lubricating oil, a noncationic 
emulsifier, an overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfonate, a 
chlorinated hydrocarbon component and a coupling agent in a stabilizing 
amount of water. The composition is combined with a major amount of water 
to form an aqueous emulsion. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,933,660 discloses a reducing hot rolling oil for copper and 
copper alloys comprising a major quantity of water, at least one member 
selected from carboxylic acid type, sulfate type and phosphate type 
anionic surface active agents, and at least one other member being a 
hydroxyl group containing compound selected from alcohols, alkylene 
glycols and glycol ethers. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel water base 
metal working lubricant which is highly efficacious in use and which 
combines both a water soluble component and a water emulsifiable 
component. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel metal 
working composition which provides a water base lubricant including a 
water soluble component having a reverse solubility curve, an emulsifiable 
high pressure lubricating component and an emulsifier for the latter. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a water base metal 
working lubricant which displays the stability characteristics typical of 
water soluble type lubricants and the uniform performance characteristics 
typical of the emulsion type lubricants in a lubricant of superior 
performance characteristics. Other objects and advantages of the present 
invention will be apparent from the following description thereof. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
A water base metal working lubricant comprises the following ingredients. 
From 1 to 40 parts by weight of at least one water soluble polyalkylene 
glycol having a molecular weight of at least 200; 1 to 35 parts by weight 
of at least one water emulsifiable high pressure lubricating ingredient 
selected from the class consisting of chlorinated paraffins, sulfurized 
esters of fatty acids and chlorinated esters of fatty acids; at least one 
non-cationic emulsifier present in at least the amount necessary to 
emulsify said high pressure lubricating ingredient in water; and 
sufficient water to comprise from about 10 percent to 96 percent by weight 
of said lubricant. 
The emulsifier may be selected from the class consisting of salts of fatty 
acid ester sulfonates, salts of fatty acid ester sulfates, salts of 
organic acid phosphates and esters of fatty acids and is preferably 
present in the amount of about 0.2 to 12 parts by weight. 
The metal working lubricant may further include at least about 2 parts by 
weight polyisobutylene and the polyalkylene glycol is preferably a 
polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol block copolymer. 
For example, the block copolymer may have a polyethylene group at each end 
of polypropylene chain of at least 600 molecular weight, or may have a 
polypropylene group at each end of a polyethylene chain of at least 600 
molecular weight. 
The metal working lubricant may further include minor amounts of at least 
one of a metal corrosion inhibitor and a bactericide, or other 
conventional additives. 
The metal working lubricant emulsifier may be selected from one or more of 
metal salts of fatty acid sulfonates wherein the metal is sodium, 
potassium, calcium, magnesium or barium. 
Certain objectives of the present invention are attained when the water 
base metal working lubricant is comprised as follows. A water soluble 
component comprising 1 to 40 parts by weight of at least one water soluble 
polyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least 200, exhibiting 
reverse solubility in water and having the general formula: 
##STR1## 
wherein R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sub.2 is H, or 
CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7, or 
C.sub.4 H.sub.9 ; m=3 to 30 and n=1 to 30. 
A high pressure emulsifiable component comprising 1 to 30 parts by weight 
of at least one high pressure water emulsifiable lubricating component 
selected from the class consisting of chlorinated paraffins, sulfurized 
esters of fatty acids and chlorinated esters of fatty acids. 
An emulsifier comprising 0.2 to 12 parts by weight of at least one 
noncationic emulsifier for the high pressure lubricating component, the 
emulsifier being selected from the class consisting of salts of fatty acid 
sulfonates, salts of organic acid phosphates and esters of fatty acids; 
The water base being present in an amount sufficient to comprise from about 
10 percent to 96 percent by weight of the lubricant.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The water soluble component of the lubricant of the invention comprises a 
water soluble polyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least 
200. It is essential that the polyalkylene glycols employed in the 
lubricant of the invention exhibit in water a reverse solubility. That is, 
at the temperatures which the water base lubricant encounters when 
employed in metal working operations the solubility of the polyalkylene 
glycols employed must decrease with increasing temperature. Polyalkylene 
glycols of at least 200 molecular weight exhibit this phenomenon. Thus, in 
metal working operations when the lubricant comes in contact with a 
particularly hot spot of the metal, such as a cutting tip or edge, the 
high temperature at that point will cause the polyalkylene glycol to 
precipitate onto the hot metal spot to provide a protective, cooling and 
lubricating film. Polyalkylene glycols below a molecular weight of about 
200 are so soluble in water that this highly desirable reverse solubility 
precipitating effect is not obtained, at least not to a sufficient degree 
at metal working temperatures. 
The polyalkylene glycols should be sufficiently soluble to dissolve in the 
water and yet precipitate when exposed to a sufficiently high temperature, 
depending upon the particular metal working operation for which a specific 
lubricant formulation is intended. 
While many polyalkylene glycols are suitable, polypropylene glycol and 
polyethylene glycol are preferred. The solubility in water of polyalkylene 
glycols in general depends upon their molecular weight. For example, at 
molecular weights below about 400 polypropylene glycol is soluble in water 
at room temperature in all proportions. At a molecular weight range of 
about 400 to 800 it is only partly soluble, i.e., soluble in same 
proportions which decrease with increasing molecular weight. At a 
molecular weight above about 800 polypropylene glycol is insoluble in 
water at room temperature and, if used, must be employed as a block 
copolymer with polyethylene glycol to get it into solution. Polyethylene 
glycol is much more soluble in water than is polypropylene glycol at a 
given molecular weight, but its solubility in water similarly decreases 
with increasing molecular weight. 
It is possible, therefore, to control the local temperatures at which 
substantial precipitation of the polyalkylene glycol takes place by 
selecting appropriate polyalkylene glycols of given molecular weight 
range. Mixtures of two or more different polyalkylene glycols may be 
employed to provide precipitation over a selected range of temperatures. 
A particularly effective and preferred polyalkylene glycol is a block 
polymer of polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol. One such is sold by 
the Union Carbide Corporation under the designation UCON ML-566 and 
comprises a polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol block copolymer. 
Another source of such block copolymers are those sold by BASF Wyandotte 
under the general description of "pluronic polyols." The above mentioned 
copolymers comprise a poly(oxypropylene) glycol chain having a 
poly(oxyethylene) glycol chain at either end. Alternatively, a 
polyoxyethylene chain may have a polyoxypropylene chain on either end. 
The end chain components, whether polyethylene glycol or polypropylene 
glycol by themselves, may, of course, be substantially below a molecular 
weight of 200 provided by the molecular weight of the block polymer 
molecule itself is at least 200. That is, the end chains attached to 
either end of the central chain of the block copolymer and the 
intermediate chain itself may each be less than 200 molecular weight 
provided the total molecular weight is 200 or more. 
Polyethylene glycol of over about 4,000 molecular weight is a solid, but 
still soluble in water. Polypropylene glycol becomes extremely viscous at 
high molecular weights, for example 8,000 to 10,000. 
While, as indicated above, any water soluble polyalkylene glycol of 
molecular weight greater than 200 and which exhibits a reverse solubility 
temperature characteristic suitable, preferably polyalkylene glycols of 
the following general formula are preferred for use in the lubricant of 
the invention. 
##STR2## 
wherein R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sub.2 is H, or 
CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7, or 
C.sub.4 H.sub.9 ; m=3 to 30 and n=1 to 30. 
The water emulsifiable high pressure lubricating ingredient of the 
lubricant of the invention may be one or more of a chlorinated paraffin, 
sulfurized fatty acid esters or chlorinated fatty acid esters. Each of 
these classes of compounds exhibit lubricating abilities even at the high 
pressures encountered in metal working operations. 
Chlorinated paraffin compounds have the advantage that at high 
temperatures, about 400.degree. C. or higher, chlorinated paraffins will 
decompose at least partially to yield hydrochloric acid which attacks iron 
to form iron chlorides. This is a useful property in the metal working of 
iron containing metals since the iron chlorides form at hot spots on the 
metal and provide an iron chloride layer of excellent lubricating 
qualities. Chlorinated aromatic compounds are too stable to undergo such 
partial decomposition and further are highly poisonous and/or carcinogenic 
so that their use is restricted by various governmental regulations. 
Generally, any chlorinated paraffin which is emulsifiable in water by a 
non-cationic emulsifier in the proportions required by the invention is 
suitable. However, paraffinic compounds of the following general formula 
have been found to be particularly suitable for use in the water base 
lubricant of the invention. 
##STR3## 
wherein R is CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or C.sub.4 H.sub.9 
; R' is CH.sub.2 or C.sub.2 H.sub.4 ; R" is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, 
C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or C.sub.4 H.sub.9 ; n=1, 2 or 3 and x=0, 1 or 2. 
Unsaturated Fatty acid esters which have been either sulfurized or 
chlorinated are also suitable as high pressure lubricating components of 
the invention. Generally, sulfurized fatty acid esters are excellent 
extreme pressure lubricating components and are stable at temperatures up 
to about 750.degree. C. Chlorinated fatty acid esters similarly have 
excellent high pressure lubricating properties but are stable only at 
temperatures up to about 450.degree. C. Although the sulfurized fatty acid 
esters exhibit a higher range of temperature stability, they tend to stain 
copper or copper based alloys whereas the chlorinated fatty acid esters do 
not. Selection of an appropriate chlorinated fatty acid ester or mixture 
of two or more is therefore indicated by lubricants intended for use on 
copper or copper base alloys whereas, when higher temperatures are likely 
to be encountered and/or if staining of copper is not a factor, then an 
appropriate sulfurized fatty acid ester or mixture of two or more would be 
indicated. 
Generally, oleic acid is preferred as the fatty acid because it is 
relatively inexpensive. Obviously, other fatty acids may be employed. In 
fact, commercially available fatty acids are usually not pure, but 
comprise a mixture of two or more fatty acids, reflecting the fact that 
naturally occurring fatty acids are usually mixtures of fatty acids. Thus, 
oleic acid is usually admixed with other fatty acids. For example, 
linoleic, linolenic and erucic acid are among commonly employed fatty 
acids which are reacted with alcohols to form fatty acid esters. For 
purposes of the present invention, methyl alcohol is preferred as the 
esterifying alcohol for the fatty acid for use as a high pressure 
lubricant component because it has been found to provide enhanced wetting 
ability to the sulfurized or chlorinated fatty acid ester. 
As is known, to obtain a sulfurized fatty acid ester, an unsaturated fatty 
acid ester, either manufactured or perhaps a naturally occurring glycerol 
ester is heated with flowers of sulfur with the result that unsaturated 
bonds in the fatty acid ester were attached by the sulfur to produce a 
sulfurized fatty acid ester. Those fatty acid esters having unsaturated 
carbon atoms are required for the reaction. Suitable esters for this 
reaction include those of methyl or ethyl alcohol or mixtures thereof. 
Diols, triols, glycoethers, etc. may also be employed as described below. 
While any sulfurized fatty acid ester as described is suitable in 
accordance with the invention, a preferred sulfurized fatty acid ester has 
the following general formula 
##STR4## 
wherein R is any one of H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or 
C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and each R may be the same or different, and n=1, 2 or 3. 
Although the above formula is the most probable, the following may also 
occur: 
##STR5## 
wherein R and n are the same as above given. 
The chlorinated fatty acid esters are prepared in substantially the same 
fashion, the unsaturated fatty acid being chlorinated and then esterified 
with a suitable alcohol. While any chlorinated fatty acid ester as 
described is suitable in accordance with the invention, a preferred 
chlorinated fatty acid ester has the following general formula. 
##STR6## 
wherein R is any one of H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or 
C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and each R may be the same or different, and n=1, 2 or 3. 
A third component of the water base lubricant in accordance with the 
invention comprises a non-cationic emulsifier, i.e., either an anionic or 
a non-ionic emulsifier capable of emulsifying high pressure lubricating 
component in water. Any suitable non-cationic emulsifier may be used. 
However, metallic salts of fatty acid ester sulfates, or sulfonates, or 
salts of organic acid phosphates or esters of fatty acids are preferred. 
Cationic emulsifiers are acidic and would have a tendency to attack metals 
on which the lubricant is employed. 
Suitable unsaturated fatty acids which may be esterified to provide an 
emulsifier are any one or more of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, erucic, 
lauroleic, myrsitoleid, palmitoleic, ricinoleic, licanic, eleosteric, 
eicosenoic, tetracosenoic, docosapolyenoic and tetracosapolyenoic acids. 
Those of the foregoing fatty acids which have unsaturated carbon atoms may 
be employed as the sulfurized or chlorinated fatty acid high pressure 
lubricating component. 
Any one or more of the foregoing may be esterified by a suitable alcohol, 
polyol, diol, triol or glycoether to provide a suitable fatty acid ester 
emulsifier. Some examples of such fatty acids of various classes of 
alcohols are as follows: 
______________________________________ 
Alcohol Class 
Fatty Acid Ester 
______________________________________ 
Alcohol dodecyl acetate 
Alcohol octyl linoleate 
Diol neopentyl glycol monoeleostearate 
Triol glycerol dilaurate 
Polyol sorbitol monooleate 
Polyglycol polyethyleneglycol (600) palmitate 
Glycolether 
tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether stearate 
______________________________________ 
The emulsifier may also be provided by metallic salts of fatty acid 
sulfates or sulfonates. 
To make the fatty acid ester sulfonate or sulfate salts, esterified 
unsaturated fatty acids, such as those listed on pages 12 and 13 are 
reacted with sulfuric acid. Depending on the concentration of the sulfuric 
acid employed and the reaction conditions, a fatty acid sulfonate or 
sulfate or mixture may be obtained, as is well known in the art. The 
sulfonate is preferred as having somewhat better emulsifying properties. 
As is well known, generally, the use of concentrated sulfuric acid, 96 
percent by weight H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 or higher generally yields 
predominantly the fatty acid ester sulfonate typified by the 
formula--CH.sub.2 --CHOH--SO.sub.3 H. Use of more dilute sulfuric acid 
results in increasing proportions of the fatty acid ester sulfate being 
formed, typified by the formula--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.4 H. 
The resultant fatty acid ester sulfate or sulfonate is then reacted with a 
suitable metallic base such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, to yield 
the sodium salt. Generally, the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or 
barium salt of the acid ester sulfate or sulfonate is preferred. Thus, any 
one of the described metallic salts of any one of the above listed fatty 
acid ester sulfonates or sulfates will be suitable in accordance with the 
invention as a non-cationic emulsifying agent for the specified high 
pressure lubricants. 
Salts of organic acid phosphates have also been found to be useful as 
emulsifiers for the high pressure lubricating components. The organic acid 
phosphate salts are obtained by reacting any organic alcohol, such as an 
alcohol, diol, or triol, or glycol ether, with phosphoric acid and 
neutralizing the reaction product with, for example, an amine, to provide, 
for example, an organic salt of a phosphoric acid ester. Such emulsifiers 
are well known in the art. For example, the reaction product of 
polyethylene glycol monobutylether and an amine such as triethanol amine 
is suitable. 
Generally, it is to be understood that any known non-cationic emulsifier 
capable of emulsifying in water the specified high pressure lubricating 
component is suitable. The emulsifier need be present only in the amount 
needed to emulsify all the high pressure lubricating components. Excess 
amounts are tolerable, but not necessary or particularly useful. 
The following examples illustrate some efficacious embodiments of the 
invention. 
EXAMPLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient Percent by Weight 
______________________________________ 
.sup.(1) Keil Base 141 45 
.sup.(2) 50 HB-660 45 
Tridecyl acid phosphate 
5 
Triethanolamine 5 
Water (Three times the volume of 
-- 
the other ingredients) 
______________________________________ 
.sup.(1) Supplied by Keil Division of Ferro Corporation, Hammond, Indiana 
Keil Base 141 is about 25% by weight sulfonized and 75% by weight 
chlorinated fatty acid esters and includes sufficient sodium salts of 
fatty acid sulfonates to emulsify the esters in water. 
.sup.(2) A polyalkylene glycol of over 200 molecular weight supplied by 
Union Carbide Corporation. 
The lubricant of Example 1 is in concentrated form. To save shipping costs 
it is convenient to prepare the lubricants of the invention in 
concentrated form and to further dilute with water at the point of use. In 
one application, the concentrated lubricant of Example 1 was further 
diluted with an additional 10 volumes of water to one volume of the 
concentrated lubricants and used as a lubricant in a broaching operation. 
A small part made of an exotic aircraft material containing high 
percentages of nickel and molybdenum was being broached to a new shape. In 
previous applications these broached parts, which required 100% 
inspection, had been so hot coming out of the oil lubricated broach that 
the inspector had to wait five or ten minutes before measuring them. 
Immediately upon the change to the diluted version of the Example 1 
embodiment of the invention, the parts came out at room temperature and 
continued to do so. Further, the finish on the parts was markedly 
improved. After several days of operation the life of the broach cutting 
edge had more than doubled as compared to operation with the oil 
lubricant. 
In another operation, the 10 to 1 diluted material obtained from the 
material of Example 1 was further diluted with fifteen volumes of water to 
one volume of the 10 to 1 material, and the resultant lubricant used as a 
cutting fluid in a different broaching operation on a variety of different 
metals with varying degrees of hardness. After several weeks of operation, 
tool life more than doubled as compared to the experience with a prior 
lubricant. 
EXAMPLE 2 
______________________________________ 
Indgredient Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
.sup.(1) Keil Base 141 70 
.sup.(2) 50 HB 660 20 
.sup.(3) Actrofos 139 2 
.sup.(4) Armeen DMSD 2 
.sup.(5) Indopol L-14 6 
Water (Ten times the volume of 
-- 
the other ingredients) 
______________________________________ 
.sup.(1) and .sup.(2) Same comment as Example 1. 
.sup.(3) A surfactant comprising an acid phosphate ester of a long chain 
alcohol supplied by the Arthur C. Trask Co. 
.sup.(4) A tertiary amine formed from a soya acid. 
.sup.(5) An unsaturated synthetic polyhydrocarbon with an average 
molecular weight of about 300, supplied by Amoco Chemical Co. 
The composition of Example 2 was employed as the lubricant on a deep 
drawing operation making lipstick container covers. This operation 
required extremely bright finish in high detail in the finished process. 
Previously, no water based material was successful in this application. 
Parts had also been noticeably warm when they came from the machine and 
accumulated a difficult to remove film of oil. Immediately upon the switch 
to the material of Example 2 the parts come out cooler and the cleaning 
process was no longer required. The parts were consistently produced at 
considerable savings to the manufacturer. Although the blush of less 
bright surface did not disappear, it required less buffing to remove than 
was required with the old lubricant. 
EXAMPLE 3 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient Percent by Weight 
______________________________________ 
.sup.(1) Keil Base 141 65 
.sup.(2) 50 HB-660 25 
.sup.(3) Actrofos 139 1 
.sup.(4) Sul-Perm 18 8 
Triethanolamine 1 
Water (Two and one-half times the 
-- 
volume of the other ingredients) 
______________________________________ 
.sup.(1), (2) and .sup.(3) Same comment as Example 2. 
.sup.(4) A mixture of sulfurized fattty acid esters developed as a 
replacement for sulfurized sperm oils, supplied by Keil Chemical division 
of Ferro Corporation. 
The material of Example 3 was employed in a blanking operation involving 
the stamping of table ware from stainless steel. Such operations usually 
require heavy oils often containing kerosene which causes dermatitis to 
the operators. Also, tool life was not as long as desired by this 
manufacturer. Previously encountered difficulties of sticking and twisting 
were eliminated and tool life was extended along with complete elimination 
of the extreme cleaning difficulties which had been experienced with oil. 
The manufacturer's specifications for the above mentioned products 
identified by manfacturer's code or trademark are as follows: 
______________________________________ 
Keil Base 141 
Viscosity, SUS 100.degree. F. 
1700 
SUS 210.degree. F. 98 
Specific Gravity, B/ML., 77.degree. F. 
1.11 
9 
Weight, Lbs/Gal., 77.degree. F. 
9.3 
Pour Point, .degree.F. 30 
Volatile Alcohols None 
Chlorine, % 24 
SUL-PERM 18 
Sulfur, % 17 
Viscosity at 100.degree. F. SUS 
3134 
Viscosity at 210.degree. F. SUS 
278 
Flash Point, .degree.F., COC 
450 
Fire Point, .degree.F., COC 
490 
Copper Corrosion, 10% Blend 
ASTM D-130 4 
Weight, Lbs./Gal. 8.4 
Color, ASTM, 2 1/4% 8 
ACTRAFOS 139 - Phosphate ester surfactants 
Solubility in water S 
Solubility in mineral oil S 
pH (1% in water) 2.0 
Density (1 lb/gal) 9.1 
Acid No. to pH 5.3 127 
Acid No. to pH 9.3 212 
______________________________________ 
Still other efficacious embodiments of the invention are illustrated by the 
following examles. 
EXAMPLE 4 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
A water soluble polyglycol having 
1-40 
a molecular weight of at least 
200 
A sulfurized fatty acid ester 
2-25 
A non-cationic emulsifier for 
.05-6 
the fatty acid ester 
Tridecyl acid phosphate 
0.1-5 
Triethanolamine 0.1-5 
Water (Sufficient to comprise 
-- 
from 10% to 96% by weight of 
the lubricant) 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 5 
______________________________________ 
A water soluble polyglycol of 
2-20 
at least 200 molecular weight 
A sodium salt of a sulfonated 
2-12 
fatty acid ester 
A chlorinated fatty acid ester 
5-25 
An acid phosphate ester of an 
0.1-5 
alcohol 
A tertiary fatty amine 
0.1-5 
An unsaturated synthetic poly- 
1-20 
hydrocarbon 
Water (Sufficient to comprise 
-- 
from 10% to 96% by weight of 
the lubricant) 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 6 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
Polyisobutylene 2-15 
A chlorinated hydrocarbon 
2-25 
A sulfurized ester of a fatty acid 
2-25 
A mixture of mono and dioctyl 
0.1-5 
phosphate 
Triethanol amine 0.1-5 
A water soluble polyalkylene 
1-30 
glycol of at least 200 molecular 
weight 
Glycerol monooleate 1-10 
Water (Sufficient to comprise 
-- 
from 10% to 96% by weight of 
the lubricant) 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 7 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
A water soluble polyalkalene 
2-20 
glycol of at least 200 molecular 
weight 
A mixture of sorbitol oleate and 
0.5-10 
polyethylene glycol oleate 
A sulfurized fatty acid ester 
4-25 
of glycerol 
The ammonium salt of 0.2-2 
dinonylnapthalene sulphonic 
acid 
Polyisobutylene 2-18 
A triazine type bactericide 
0.1-1 
Water (Sufficient to comprise 
-- 
from 10% to 96% by weight of 
the lubricant) 
______________________________________ 
Generally, a preferred non-cationic emulsifier in any of the above examples 
4-7 is a salt of an organic acid phosphate, an ester of a fatty acid, or 
one or more of metal salts of fatty acid ester sulfonates wherein the 
metal is sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or barium. Similarly, a 
preferred unsaturated synthetic polyhydrocarbon is one of the general 
formula: 
##STR7## 
wherein R' is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and each R' may be the same 
or different. A preferred tertiary fatty amine is one of the general 
formula 
EQU RN(CH.sub.3).sub.2 
wherein R is C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, n=4 to 20, or C.sub.n H.sub.2n-1, n=6 to 
20. 
The lubricant may be prepared with any amount of water from 10% to 96% by 
weight. 
It will be apparent that modifications and additions can be made to the 
lubricant composition of the present invention without departing from the 
scope thereof. For example, minor amounts (anything up to about 5% by 
weight of the most concentrated composition, i.e., one with only 10% by 
weight water) of conventional ingredients may be added for specific 
purposes, such as bactericides, dyes, colors, low molecular weight 
hydrocarbons, etc.