Woven fabric having a plurality of woven fabric layers

A woven fabric includes first and second woven fabric layers with an intermediate layer in between, which form a sensor with an electrical characteristic that changes while a force is acting on the woven fabric. The first layer includes electrically conductive strips and electrically non-conductive strips arranged adjacent to one another in an alternating manner. The second layer includes alternating conductive strips and non-conductive strips that extend transverse to the strips of the first layer. At least some of the threads in each of the conductive strips of the first layer are conductive weft threads. At least some of the threads in each of the conductive strips of the second layer are conductive weft threads. The non-conductive strips of the first and second layers are weft threads.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a woven fabric having at least three layers that are arranged one above the other and at least two of said layers are woven fabric layers. The woven fabric is configured for the purpose of ascertaining a force or a pressure that is acting upon the woven fabric layers.

A sensory woven fabric having a woven fabric layer is disclosed by way of example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,998 A. Conductive threads of the woven fabric layer cross at crossing sites. The transition resistance between the threads that lie against one another changes in dependence upon a force that is acting upon the woven fabric layer. As a consequence, a force that is acting upon one of the crossing sites may be identified.

WO 2005/121729 A1 discloses a textile capacitive sensor having as the lowest layer a textile that is conductive over its entire surface and a non-electrically conductive uppermost layer. Planar electrodes are applied to this upper layer, said electrodes together with the lowest layer respectively forming a capacitor with variable capacitance. A non-electrically conductive elastic material is arranged between the uppermost layer and the lowest layer. If the spacing between the electrodes and the lowest conductive layer is changed by means of a force acting upon the textile, the capacitance changes, which may be ascertained by means of a corresponding circuit.

DE 60102003 T2 discloses a conductive pressure-sensitive material. In this case, conductive threads are arranged crossing in a layer, wherein without a force acting upon the threads an electrically conductive contact is not produced at the crossing points. Electrically non-conductive threads are incorporated for this purpose, said threads maintaining the spacing between the crossing electrically conductive threads in the starting state. An electrically conductive contact is only produced at a crossing site if a force or a pressure acts upon the material.

A similar arrangement is also known from in U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,873 A. There, electrically conductive woven fabric layers are spaced apart from one another by means of a non-conductive spacing means such as an air gap, non-conductive threads or dome-shaped spacers. When a force acts upon said threads, an electrically conductive contact is produced between the woven fabric layers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention can be considered to be that of providing a sensory woven fabric that may be connected in a particularly simple manner to an external evaluating circuit.

According to an aspect of the present invention this object is achieved by means of a woven fabric having the features according to claim1.

The woven fabric has at least three layers that are arranged one above the other, wherein at least two of said layers are woven fabric layers. One of the layers forms a first woven fabric layer and a further layer forms a second woven fabric layer. The first and the second woven fabric layer comprise respectively electrically conductive warp threads and/or weft threads. Another further intermediate layer is provided between the first woven fabric layer and the second woven fabric layer and said intermediate layer may be formed by means of an intermediate woven fabric layer. The intermediate layer may also comprise or be embodied from non-woven material and/or foam material and/or a film and/or a knitted fabric and/or a worked fabric and/or a mat.

The first woven fabric layer, the second woven fabric layer and the intermediate layer are arranged according to a type of a sandwich structure. The layers form a sensor arrangement that comprises an electrical characteristic that changes while a force is acting upon the woven fabric layers. In this case, the intermediate layer preferably lies directly against the first and the second woven fabric layer.

The sensor arrangement may be a capacitive sensor arrangement and/or a piezoelectric sensor arrangement and/or a resistive or a piezoresistive sensor arrangement. If the intermediate woven fabric layer is embodied by way of example from an electrically non-conductive material by way of example electrically non-conductive threads that forms or form a dielectric, a capacitive sensor arrangement according to a type of plate capacitor is achieved. The intermediate layer or woven fabric layer may also comprise material or threads that include piezoelectric material with the result that a piezoelectric sensor arrangement is formed. Moreover, there is the possibility that the intermediate woven fabric layer also comprises material or threads of electrically conductive material whose electrical resistance changes in the case of a force or pressure acting upon said threads with the result that a resistive or piezoresistive sensor arrangement is formed.

It is advantageous if only three woven fabric layers are provided. If these are directly connected to one another using a weaving technique, the woven fabric may be embodied exclusively from a total of three layers. In the case of another exemplary embodiment a binding system may be provided in addition to the three layers, said binding system fastening the three layers or woven fabric layers to one another.

The three layers extend in a plane that is spanned by a warp direction and a weft direction. Apart from the undulation of the warp threads and weft threads by means of the binding produced using a weaving technique, the warp threads extend in the warp direction and the weft threads extend in the weft direction. The thickness of the woven fabric at a right angle with respect to the warp direction and at a right angle with respect to the weft direction in a height direction is less than the dimension of the woven fabric in the warp direction and also in the weft direction.

The first woven fabric layer and the second woven fabric layer have respectively electrically conductive and electrically non-conductive strips that are arranged adjacent to one another in an alternating manner. The strips extend in the warp direction or in the weft direction. The strips are oriented in the second woven fabric layer in a transverse manner and preferably at a right angle with respect to the orientation of the strips in the first woven fabric layer. The conductive strips form a grid or matrix structure. A sensor field so to speak is formed respectively on the crossing sites with the result that depending upon the thickness and the number of the crossing sites it is possible to determine the site or the location at which the force acts upon the woven fabric or the sensor arrangement.

In the case of this arrangement, it is possible to electrically contact the woven fabric at a maximum two adjacent woven edges or sides using an evaluating circuit. As a consequence, the use of the sensory woven fabric is simplified, in particular if a large surface is to be fitted with said woven fabric. The woven fabric in accordance with this disclosure may also be referred to as a sensory multi-layer woven fabric. It is configured for this purpose so as to localize the force or pressure that is acting upon the woven fabric at specific sites. The woven fabric is consequently capable of determining in a spatially resolved manner the site upon which the force or pressure is acting and optionally in addition is also capable of characterizing the amount of force or pressure that is acting upon the threads. Such woven fabrics may be used in many ways. The woven fabrics may be laid by way of example on a substrate in order to indicate the position of moving objects. As a consequence, it is by way of example possible to avoid collisions between moving objects or between moving objects and stationary obstacles. Another application possibility resides in fitting the outer surface of grippers, robotic arms or the like with a sensory woven fabric with the result that it is possible to determine a contact and the site at which the gripper or robotic arm makes contact with an object. Many other applications are also possible.

It is preferred that the width of a conductive strip transverse with respect to its extent in the warp direction or in the weft direction is smaller than the width of an adjacent non-conductive strip. This embodiment may be achieved in the first and/or in the second woven fabric layer. The proportion of the surface of the woven fabric that may be used in a sensory manner may be maximized by means of minimizing the width of the non-conductive strips.

It is advantageous if only two or three layers or woven fabric layers are provided. A resistive or piezoresistive sensor arrangement, a capacitive sensor arrangement or a piezoelectric sensor arrangement may be constructed using three layers. The physical function of the sensor arrangement depends upon the embodiment of the intermediate layer. If the intermediate layer comprises yarns and by way of example is embodied as a woven fabric layer, the physical function of the sensor arrangement depends upon the yarn material.

In the case of one preferred exemplary embodiment, an electrically conductive intermediate strip may be woven respectively in the first woven fabric layer or the second woven fabric layer in at least one electrically non-conductive strip, said intermediate strip being electrically insulated with respect to the two adjacent electrically conductive strips in this woven fabric layer. In particular, each electrically conductive intermediate strip may be connected in the first woven fabric layer or second woven fabric layer by means of a through-contacting arrangement to precisely one electrically conductive strip of the respective other woven fabric layer. As a consequence, it is possible to electrically connect the woven fabric to an external circuit via a single woven fabric layer and preferably to a single woven fabric edge. The connecting region on this woven fabric edge extends preferably only over one woven fabric edge region that may connect for example to a corner of the woven fabric. Means may be provided on this connecting region for plugging on a plug connection.

It is advantageous if the electrically conductive threads (warp threads or weft threads) that extend in an electrically conductive strip in the direction of the strip are electrically connected to one another by means of at least one transverse contacting arrangement. As a consequence, it is ensured that all the electrically conductive warp threads or weft threads of this strip are electrically connected directly to one another and an electrical voltage or an electrical current may be tapped at each of these electrically conductive warp threads or weft threads.

The transverse contacting arrangement may either be produced via a suitable binding arrangement in conjunction with a suitable warp thickness and weft thickness or by way of example by means of at least one electrically conductive weft thread or warp thread that extends in a transverse manner with respect to the direction of the strip.

The first woven fabric layer is preferably electrically connected on a single side of the woven fabric to an evaluating circuit. In the case of one exemplary embodiment, the strips extend away from this side. In a similar manner thereto, the second woven fabric layer may also be electrically connected on a single side of the woven fabric to an evaluating circuit. The strips of the second woven fabric layer may also extend away from said side.

It is in particular advantageous if the first woven fabric layer is electrically connected on a first side of the woven fabric and the second woven fabric layer is electrically connected on a second side of the woven fabric respectively to an evaluating circuit. The first side and the second side preferably adjoin one another and form a common corner of the woven fabric.

Alternatively thereto, it is also possible that the first and the second woven fabric layer are electrically connected on a single common side of the woven fabric to an evaluating circuit. Through-contacting arrangements for providing an electrical connection may be provided here in the electrically non-conductive strips of one of these two woven fabric layers. An electrical connection to an allocated conductive strip in the respective other woven fabric layer may be provided in the first woven fabric layer or the second woven fabric layer by means of these through-contacting arrangements. The through-contacting arrangements may be connected in an electrically conductive manner to the side of the woven fabric or the woven fabric layer at which the electrical contacting arrangement to the evaluating circuit may be provided. By way of example, for this purpose a conductive connection may be produced within the electrically non-conductive strip respectively to the through-contacting arrangement.

Moreover, it is advantageous if a warp thread or a weft thread of the first woven fabric layer from an electrically non-conductive strip forms a woven binding arrangement with a weft thread or warp thread of another woven fabric layer. Unintended electrical connections between the woven fabric layers do not occur by means of this woven binding arrangement. In a similar manner thereto, it is also possible that a warp thread or a weft thread of the second woven fabric layer embodied from an electrically non-conductive strip forms a woven binding arrangement with a weft thread or warp thread of another woven fabric layer.

In the case of one preferred exemplary embodiment, a binding system having electrically non-conductive binding warp threads and/or electrically non-conductive binding weft threads is provided. The binding system forms woven binding arrangements for connecting the woven fabric layers. It is preferred that the first woven fabric layer, the second woven fabric layer and the intermediate layer or woven fabric layer are not directly connected to one another using a weaving technique. The connection is provided directly via the binding system.

It is advantageous if during production of the first woven fabric layer, of the second woven fabric layer and—provided that the intermediate layer is embodied as a woven fabric layer—of the intermediate woven fabric layer, the woven binding arrangements are formed so as to connect the three woven fabric layers. The sensor arrangement or the sensory woven fabric is in particular produced on a weaving machine, wherein the woven fabric layers are already directly and/or indirectly connected to one another during the production process, in other words during the weaving procedure. Subsequent processing steps for connecting the woven fabric layers may therefore be omitted.

One of the woven fabric layers that are provided forms a lowest woven fabric layer and another of the woven fabric layers that are provided forms an uppermost woven fabric layer. The lowest woven fabric layer and/or the uppermost woven fabric layer may be formed respectively by means of binding weft threads and/or binding warp threads of the binding system. It is also possible that the first woven fabric layer forms the uppermost woven fabric layer and/or the second woven fabric layer forms the lowest woven fabric layer. Consequently, by way of example two to five woven fabric layers may be provided.

If a binding system is provided, it may be advantageous if the first and second woven fabric layer only lie against the intermediate layer and are not directly connected to one another using a weaving technique.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1 to 8illustrate schematically various illustrations and views of a multi-layer woven fabric20. The woven fabric20has at least three and in the case of the exemplary embodiment precisely three layers that are formed by way of example by means of woven fabric layers21,22,23. Each woven fabric layer21,22,23respectively comprises multiple weft threads24and also warp threads25. Apart from the undulation that is produced by the woven binding arrangements within a woven fabric layer21,22,23the warp threads25extend in a warp direction K and the weft threads24extend in a weft direction S that is oriented at a right angle with respect to the warp direction K. The weft direction S and the warp direction K span a plane in which the woven fabric20extends. At a right angle with respect to this plane in the weft direction S and warp direction K the woven fabric20has a thickness in a height direction H. The dimension of the woven fabric20in the height direction H is smaller than the dimension in the weft direction S and the dimension in the warp direction K, preferably by at least the factor 10 to 100.

The weft threads24and the warp threads25of each woven fabric layer21,22,23are connected to one another within the relevant woven fabric layer21,22,23using a weaving technique. Optionally, the weft threads24and warp threads25of one of the woven fabric layers21,22,23may form woven binding arrangements directly with warp threads25or weft threads24of another of the woven fabric layers21,22,23. In the case of the preferred exemplary embodiments that are illustrated in the drawings, the woven fabric layers21,22,23are not directly connected to one another using a weaving technique but rather a binding system26is provided that comprises binding weft threads27and binding warp threads28. The woven fabric layers21,22,23are fastened to one another or against one another by way of example only via the binding system26. The weft threads24and the warp threads25of each individual woven fabric layer21,22,23are in this case bound to one another using a weaving technique only within the respective woven fabric layer21,22,23.

One of the woven fabric layers forms a first woven fabric layer21that comprises electrically conductive weft threads24and/or electrically conductive warp threads25. A further woven fabric layer forms a second woven fabric layer22that like-wise comprises electrically conductive weft threads24and/or electrically conductive warp threads25. An intermediate woven fabric layer23is arranged between the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22. The intermediate woven fabric layer23lies with one side directly against the first woven fabric layer21and with the opposite side directly against the second woven fabric layer22. The three woven fabric layers21,22,23are held against one another in accordance with the example—as previously mentioned—by means of the binding system26.

Alternatively or in addition thereto, non-woven material and/or foam and/or film material and/or other textile materials such as a knitted fabric and/or a worked fabric and/or a mat may be used as an intermediate layer in lieu of the woven fabric material. It is advantageous if the material of the intermediate layer may be arranged between the first woven fabric layer and the second woven fabric layer in the form of yarns that are circular in cross section and/or band-shaped elements when producing said first woven fabric layer and second woven fabric layer, in particular by means of a weft insertion in a weaving machine.

The woven fabric20has an uppermost woven fabric layer LO and also a lowest woven fabric layer LU. Depending upon how the woven binding arrangement between the three woven fabric layers21,22,23is achieved and depending upon whether a binding system26is provided or not, the first woven fabric layer21may form the uppermost woven fabric layer LO and/or the second woven fabric layer22may form the lowest woven fabric layer LU.

In the case of the exemplary embodiment that is illustrated inFIG. 10, the binding weft threads27of the binding system26are only arranged adjacent to the first woven fabric layer21. The binding warp threads28form woven binding arrangements with the binding weft threads27and also the weft threads24of the second woven fabric layer22.

In the case of specific exemplary embodiments, the binding system26could also be embodied without binding weft threads27and at least respectively a partial quantity of the weft threads24of the first woven fabric layer21and of the second woven fabric layer22are used so as to produce the woven binding arrangement sites. In the case of the exemplary embodiment that is illustrated inFIG. 10, the uppermost woven fabric layer LO is formed by means of the binding weft threads27and the binding warp threads28adjacent to the first woven fabric layer21. The second woven fabric layer22together with the binding warp threads28forms the lowest woven fabric layer LU. In the case of the examples of the binding system26that are illustrated inFIGS. 11 and 12, the binding warp threads28could be omitted.

In the case of the further exemplary binding variants in accordance with theFIGS. 11 to 13both the uppermost woven fabric layer LO as well as the lowest woven fabric layer LU are arranged respectively adjacent to the first woven fabric layer21or to the second woven fabric layer22and are formed by means of binding weft threads27and binding warp threads28. The position of the binding weft threads27may be offset for this purpose in the warp direction K at approximately the height of the weft threads24of the woven fabric layers21,22,23(FIGS. 11 and 12) or in the warp direction K (FIG. 13). The number of the binding weft threads27may deviate from the number of the weft threads24of the woven fabric layers21,22,23per length section of the woven fabric in the warp direction K. For example, in the case of the embodiment inFIG. 12double the number of binding weft threads27are used per length section as in the woven fabric layers21,22,23.

The type of the woven binding arrangements within a woven fabric layer21,22,23and also the type of the woven binding arrangement by means of the binding system26may be selected in principle in an arbitrary manner. Satin weaves, plain weaves, twill weaves, leno weaves etc. may be used. The types of binding arrangements in the woven fabric layers21,22,23may be identical or—in a departure from the illustrated preferred exemplary embodiments—may also differ from one another.

Different yarns and/or different yarn thicknesses and/or varying numbers of yarns and/or different yarn cross sections may be used in the woven fabric layers21,22,23and also in the binding system26. By way of example, band-shaped weft threads and/or band-shaped warp threads may be used in the intermediate layer or intermediate woven fabric layer23.

As is evident in the above explanations, in accordance with the example at least three woven fabric layers21,22,23are provided and optionally additionally one or two woven fabric layers that are formed by means of the binding system26and that may form the uppermost woven fabric layer LO adjacent to the first woven fabric layer21and/or the lowest woven fabric layer LU adjacent to the second woven fabric layer22.

The woven fabric layers21,22,23together form a sensor arrangement33(FIGS. 6-8). The sensor arrangement33has at least one changing electrical characteristic. By way of example, the sensor arrangement33may comprise a total resistance RG that changes depending upon a force F that is acting upon the sensor arrangement33, a changing capacitance C or a changing piezo voltage Up. The electrical characteristics of the sensor arrangement33depend upon the yarn characteristics, in particular in the intermediate woven fabric layer23.

In the case of one exemplary embodiment (FIG. 6) the intermediate woven fabric layer23comprises electrically conductive weft threads24and/or warp threads25that comprise piezoresistive material with the result that the piezoresistive resistance Rm of the intermediate woven fabric layer23changes depending upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers. The piezoresistive resistance Rm is the through-going resistance of the intermediate woven fabric layer23when a current is flowing from the first woven fabric layer21through the intermediate woven fabric layer23into the second woven fabric layer22or conversely. Moreover, by means of a force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers a first transition resistance R1is formed between the first woven fabric layer21and the adjacent intermediate woven fabric layer23and also a second transition resistance R2is formed between the second woven fabric layer22and the intermediate woven fabric layer23, said transition resistance changing depending upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers. The three woven fabric layers therefore generate a series circuit from a first transition resistance R1, a piezoresistive resistance Rm and also a second transition resistance R2that respectively change depending upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers. This series circuit has a total resistance RG that is provided from the sum of the first transition resistance R1, the piezoresistive resistance Rm and the second transition resistance R2.

The first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22are connected to an evaluating circuit34. An external voltage UE may be applied here by means of the evaluating circuit via an optional series resistor RV between the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22. The series resistor RV may in this case be connected in series to the total resistance RG. In this case, it is possible via an evaluating unit35of the evaluating circuit34to evaluate the voltage that is prevailing at the total resistance RG and/or the current that is flowing through the evaluating circuit34or the sensor arrangement33since the voltage that is prevailing at the total resistance RG or the current that is flowing through the total resistance RG changes depending upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers. It is preferred that the external voltage UE is a direct current voltage. As is illustrated schematically inFIG. 6, the evaluating unit35in accordance with the example evaluates the voltage that is prevailing at the total resistance RG. The evaluating unit35may be connected parallel to a measuring resistor so as to evaluate a current, said measuring resistor in turn being connected in series to the total resistance RG of the sensor arrangement33. By way of example, the series resistor RV may also be used as a measuring resistor.

In the case of a further exemplary embodiment, the sensor arrangement33is embodied as a capacitive sensor arrangement (FIG. 7). The intermediate woven fabric layer23in this case forms a dielectric and the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22are embodied as electrodes and correspond so to speak to the plates of a plate capacitor. The evaluating circuit34that is connected to the sensor arrangement33corresponds to the embodiment according toFIG. 6with the result that reference may be made to the above explanation. The sensor arrangement33deforms depending upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers with the result that the spacing between the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22changes at the site at which the force F occurs. In this case, the capacitance C of the sensor arrangement33changes, which may be ascertained by means of the evaluating circuit34or the evaluating unit35. In this case, the evaluating unit35may measure the voltage that prevails between the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22. A direct current voltage is preferably applied as an external voltage UE.

In the case of the exemplary embodiment of the sensor arrangement33that is illustrated inFIG. 8, the intermediate woven fabric layer23comprises weft threads24or warp threads25that include piezoelectric material and therefore may generate a piezovoltage Up. The piezovoltage Up and moreover the first transition resistance R1and the second transition resistance R2changes depending upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers. The voltage that prevails between the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22may be ascertained and evaluated by means of the evaluating circuit34. It is not necessary in this case to apply an external voltage and the evaluating circuit34may only comprise the evaluating unit35that is connected to the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22.

Consequently, the sensor arrangement33in the case of exemplary embodiments in which a current may flow from the first woven fabric layer21, through the intermediate woven fabric layer23to the second woven fabric layer22—or in the opposite direction—may comprise a series circuit of multiple and in accordance with the example three changing electrical characteristics that change in a localized manner depending upon the force F that is acting upon the relevant site.

The procedure of connecting the woven fabric layers21,22,23using a weaving technique with or without a binding system26has the advantage that the spread of the sensor arrangement33may be more closely limited. The total resistance RG in dependence upon the force F that is acting upon the woven fabric layers is illustrated inFIG. 9in an exemplary manner with reference to the exemplary embodiment of the sensor arrangement33in accordance withFIG. 6. The woven fabric layers21,22,23are not sewn to one another or adhered to one another or the like. It has been found that the tolerance range B of the total resistance RG that is dependent upon the force F, said tolerance range occurring owing to production tolerances, may be limited with respect to other multi-layer sensory woven fabrics by means of only connecting the woven fabric layers21,22,23using a weaving technique. The tolerance range B that occurs on account of the connection of the woven fabric layers using a weaving technique is illustrated schematically inFIG. 9by a crosshatched pattern. In contrast, the tolerance range B increases if the woven fabric layers21,22,23are connected to one another after their production procedure by way of example by means of sewing or other mechanical means, which is illustrated schematically by means of the dashed upper limit BO inFIG. 9that is displaced with respect to the upper limit of the tolerance range B of the woven fabric20in accordance with this disclosure. In the case of the exemplary embodiments that are described in this case, only a woven binding arrangement is therefore produced between the woven fabric layers21,22,23without an additional mechanical, physical or chemical connection between the woven fabric layers21,22,23being produced.

It is apparent in theFIGS. 2 to 5that the first woven fabric layer21in accordance with the example comprises electrically conductive strips40and electrically non-conductive strips41in an alternating manner in the weft direction S. By way of example, in an electrically conductive strip40at least some or all of the weft threads24are electrically conductive while only electrically non-conductive weft threads24are arranged in the electrically non-conductive strips41. The warp threads25of the first woven fabric layer21may be electrically non-conductive in the case of one exemplary embodiment in particular if the electrically conductive warp threads24that are provided in a conductive strip40are in electrical contact with one another. Alternatively, it is also possible that at least some or all of the warp threads25of the first woven fabric layer21are electrically conductive and respectively form a transverse contacting arrangement39in one or all of the electrically conductive strips40. If electrically conductive warp threads25are used as transverse contacting arrangements39it is necessary to prevent the electrically conductive strips40electrically short-circuiting by means of these warp threads25. For this purpose, the electrically conductive warp threads are unwoven in the region of the electrically non-conductive strip41with the result that an electrical connection is interrupted. For this purpose, by way of example it is advantageous that an electrically conductive warp thread25within a non-conductive strip41forms a floating stitch that is preferably severed at two sites that are spaced apart from one another. The severed part of the warp thread25may be removed. The separation of an electrically conductive warp thread25that respectively forms a transverse contacting arrangement39in the electrically conductive strips40is illustrated in a greatly schematic manner inFIG. 4.

The second woven fabric layer22forms extending in the warp direction K electrically conductive strips40and electrically non-conductive strips41that are arranged adjacent to one another in an alternating manner in the weft direction S. In an electrically conductive strip40some or all of the warp threads25may be electrically conductive and only electrically non-conductive warp threads25are used in a non-conductive strip41. If one of the or multiple weft threads24in the second woven fabric layer22for forming a transverse contacting arrangement39are electrically conductive (similar to the description of the first woven fabric layer21), an electrical connection between the electrically conductive strip40may be prevented by means of the relevant electrically conductive weft thread24by virtue of the fact that this weft thread is severed in the region of the electrically non-conductive strip41. It is preferred that the relevant electrically conductive weft thread24within each non-conductive strip41is severed at two sites that are spaced apart from one another and the part of the weft thread24that is severed is removed. For this purpose, the relevant weft thread24at least in one range of the respective electrically non-conductive strip41may comprise a floating stitch that is severed.

The transverse contacting arrangement39in an electrically conductive strip40may be produced in one or the two woven fabric layers21,22alternatively or in addition also by means of sewing and/or stitching using an electrically conductive yarn and/or applying an electrically conductive layer, by way of example by means of bonding and/or pressing and/or spraying etc.

The direction of extent of the strips40,41in the first woven fabric layer21is oriented at a right angle with respect to the direction of extent of the strips40,41in the second woven fabric layer22. In a deviation from the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the strips40,41in the first woven fabric layer21could also extend in the warp direction and the strips40,41in the second woven fabric layer22could also extend in the weft direction S.

A so to speak grid structure or matrix structure occurs by means of the described arrangement of the electrically conductive strips40and the electrically non-conductive strips41in the first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22. When a force F acts upon the woven fabric20or the sensor arrangement33, it is consequently possible to determine at which site the force F acts upon the woven fabric surface of the woven fabric20. In this case, the spatial resolution depends on the number and the width of the strips40,41. It is advantageous if the electrically non-conductive strips41comprise as small a width as possible in a transverse manner with respect to their direction of extent with the result that the electrical insulating arrangement is ensured between the respective adjacent electrically conductive strips40but as large a proportion as possible of the surface may be used as an active sensor surface.

In the case of the exemplary embodiment in accordance withFIGS. 3 and 4, the electrically conductive strips40of the first woven fabric layer21are electrically connected on a single side by way of example on a first side42to a first line43. The first line43comprises a corresponding number of conductors or wires depending upon the number of the conductive strips40. In the case of the exemplary embodiment, the first line43has m wires or conductors (m=2, 3, 4 . . . ).

Accordingly, the conductive strips40of the second woven fabric layer22are electrically connected to a second line45on one single side and in accordance with the example on a second side44. The second line45has multiple conductors or wires corresponding to the number of the electrically conductive strips40and in the exemplary embodiment in accordance with the example n conductors or wires (n=2, 3, 4, . . . ). The number m and the number n may be identical or may differ from one another.

The lines43,45may be electrically connected to the electrically conductive strips40respectively via a plug47or another connecting means directly in a connecting region, by way of example on the woven fabric edge of the relevant woven fabric layer21,22. A connecting means may therefore be provided on this connecting region so as to mount a plug47. For this purpose, electrically conductive connecting conductors48that extend in a transverse manner with respect to the electrically conductive strips40in the woven fabric structure of the relevant woven fabric layer21,22may be provided or alternatively may be applied to the woven fabric layer21,22. The connecting conductors48by way of example may be electrically conductive weft threads24(for example in the first woven fabric layer21) or electrically conductive warp threads25(for example in the second woven fabric layer22). Each connecting conductor48is only electrically connected respectively to one of the electrically conductive strips40and a contacting arrangement in the connecting region and is electrically insulated with respect to the other electrically conductive strips40. The installation space that is required for the connecting region so as to connect the plug47or the lines43,45on the woven fabric edge may be particularly small here and the outlay for producing the electrical connection is small. When a sensory woven fabric20is being laid on site, it is only necessary to lay and connect the external first or second line43,45. All the other electrical contacting arrangements may already be produced earlier during the production procedure.

As is illustrated inFIG. 4, the first side42and the second side44are arranged adjacent to one another, wherein one of the two sides and in accordance with the example the first side42extends in the warp direction K and the respective other of the two sides and in accordance with the example the second side44extends in the weft direction S. As a consequence, a simple electrical contacting arrangement is also possible in the case of comparatively large surfaces on two adjacent sides42,44.

The evaluating circuit34is connected to the lines43,45. In the evaluating circuit34, it is not only possible to identify that a force F is acting upon the woven fabric20or the sensor arrangement33but rather it is also possible to determine at which crossing site between an electrically conductive strip40of the first woven fabric layer21and an electrically conductive strip40of the second woven fabric layer22the force F acts since all the electrically conductive strips40are connected via separate conductors to the evaluating circuit34.

A further embodiment for simplifying the electrical contacting arrangement between the sensor arrangement33and the evaluating circuit34is illustrated inFIG. 5. There, both the electrically conductive strips40of the first woven fabric layers21, as well as the electrically conductive strips40, of the second woven fabric layer22are electrically connected to a common line46on a common side and in accordance with the example on the first side42of the woven fabric20. The common line46comprises a number of wires or conductors, said number corresponding to at least the sum of the number of electrically conductive strips40of the first woven fabric layers21and the number of electrically conductive strips40of the second woven fabric layer22. The electrical contacting arrangement of the woven fabric22is consequently achieved only on one single woven fabric edge and is consequently further simplified, in particular in the case of large-scale woven fabrics20that are used by way of example as a floor covering.

In order to render the contacting arrangement possible on a single side via a common line46, an electrically conductive intermediate strip50is woven either in the first woven fabric layer21or the second woven fabric layer22in each electrically non-conductive strip41respectively. The electrically conductive intermediate strip50is electrically insulated with respect to the two adjacent electrically conductive strips40of the woven fabric layer21or22, by way of example are arranged spaced apart. Each electrically conductive intermediate strip50is connected by means of a through-contacting arrangement51to precisely one electrically conductive strip40of the respective other woven fabric layers22or21. The through-contacting arrangement51may be achieved by virtue of the fact that at least one electrically conductive thread connects the intermediate strip50to the respectively allocated electrically conductive strip40of the respective other woven fabric layer22or21. In the case of the exemplary embodiment that is illustrated inFIG. 5, the electrically conductive intermediate strips50are provided in the first woven fabric layer21and produce by means of the through-contacting arrangements51connections to the electrically conductive strips40of the second woven fabric layer22. Consequently, the electrical contacting arrangement of each electrically conductive strip40of the second woven fabric layer22may be provided via the through-contacting arrangement51and the electrically conductive intermediate strip50on the first woven fabric layer21and therefore on a common side of the woven fabric20. Apart from that, the connection to the common line46is provided via connecting conductors48from the electrically conductive strips40and intermediate strips50, as was described in connection withFIGS. 3 and 4.

The at least one thread of the through-contacting arrangement51may be an electrically conductive warp thread and/or electrically conductive weft thread of at least one of the strips40,50that are to be connected and for example the electrically conductive intermediate strip50that is connected to the respectively allocated electrically conductive strip40using a weaving technique during the procedure of producing the woven fabric20or vice versa.

In an alternative to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the through-contacting arrangements51may also be produced by means of other electrical connections subsequent to producing the woven fabric20, by way of example by means of sewing a conductive bar, by means of introducing a rivet that is embodied from electrically conductive material, etc. However, it is preferable if the through-contacting arrangement51is already produced when weaving the woven fabric20on a weaving machine.

A through-contacting arrangement51penetrates the intermediate layer23. An electrical connection to the intermediate layer23may be produced in this case depending upon the embodiment of the sensor arrangement33if said intermediate layer comprises electrically conductive components in the region of the through-contacting arrangement51, by way of example in the case of the embodiment according toFIG. 6. In the unloaded state of the sensor arrangement33, the electrical resistance Rm of the intermediate layer23is sufficiently great that the electrical connection of the through-contacting arrangement51to the intermediate layer23does not impair the function. It is also possible to prevent the electrical connection between the through-contacting arrangement51and the intermediate layer23by means of insulating measures.

FIG. 14illustrates a weaving procedure in a greatly schematic manner similar to a block diagram as said weaving procedure may be performed on a weaving machine so as to produce the woven fabric20. The weaving machine comprises at least and by way of example precisely seven heald wires55. The heald wires55may move in the height direction H independently of one another upwards and downwards and respectively guide the warp threads25of one of the woven fabric layers21,22,23or the binding warp threads28. It is possible to introduce and beat into place the weft threads24or the binding weft threads27by means of creating an appropriate shed. The manner in which the shed is formed and the number of the weft threads24or binding weft threads27that are threaded depend on the desired type of binding arrangement and may vary.FIG. 14illustrates one of many possibilities in a purely exemplary manner.

Possibilities for producing the woven fabric20using a weaving machine are disclosed by way of example in the publication of Pelin Gurkan Unal with the title “3D-Woven Fabrics” (published in “Woven Fabrics”, edited by Han-Yong Jeon, ISBN 978-953-51-0607-4 which may be found using the link http://www.intechopen.com/books/woven-fabrics.

The invention relates to a multi-layer sensory woven fabric20having multiple and in accordance with the example three woven fabric layers21,22,23. Each woven fabric layer21,22,23comprises weft threads24and warp threads25. Optionally a binding system26having binding weft threads27and binding warp threads28may be provided. The first woven fabric layer21and the second woven fabric layer22comprise electrically conductive strips40and electrically non-conductive strips41that respectively extend in a warp direction K or in a weft direction S, said strips being arranged adjacent to one another in an alternating manner, wherein the strips40,41of the two woven fabric layers21,22cross one another.