Mobile communication device configured with a single crystal piezo resonator structure

A mobile communication system. The system has a housing comprising an interior region and an exterior region and a processing device provided within an interior region of the housing. The system has an rf transmit module coupled to the processing device, and configured on a transmit path. The system has a transmit filter provided within the rf transmit module. In an example, the transmit filter comprises a diplexer filter comprising a single crystal acoustic resonator device.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application incorporates by reference, for all purposes, the following concurrently filed patent applications, all commonly owned: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/298,057, titled “RESONANCE CIRCUIT WITH A SINGLE CRYSTAL CAPACITOR DIELECTRIC MATERIAL”, filed Jun. 6, 2014, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/298,076, titled “METHOD OF MANUFACTURE FOR SINGLE CRYSTAL CAPACITOR DIELECTRIC FOR A RESONANCE CIRCUIT”, filed Jun. 6, 2014, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/298,100, titled “INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CONFIGURED WITH TWO OR MORE SINGLE CRYSTAL ACOUSTIC RESONATOR DEVICES”, filed Jun. 6, 2014, and U.S. patent applciation Ser. No. 14/341,314, titled “WAFER SCALE PACKAGING”, filed Jul. 25, 2014.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to electronic devices. More particularly, the present invention provides techniques related to a single crystal acoustic resonator. Merely by way of example, the invention has been applied to a resonator device for a communication device, mobile device, computing device, among others.

Mobile telecommunication devices have been successfully deployed world-wide. Over a billion mobile devices, including cell phones and smartphones, were manufactured in a single year and unit volume continues to increase year-over-year. With ramp of 4G/LTE in about 2012, and explosion of mobile data traffic, data rich content is driving the growth of the smartphone segment—which is expected to reach 2B per annum within the next few years. Coexistence of new and legacy standards and thirst for higher data rate requirements is driving RF complexity in smartphones. Unfortunately, limitations exist with conventional RF technology that is problematic, and may lead to drawbacks in the future.

From the above, it is seen that techniques for improving electronic devices are highly desirable.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, techniques generally related to electronic devices are provided. More particularly, the present invention provides techniques related to mobile devices and system configured with a single crystal acoustic resonator. Merely by way of example, the invention has been applied to a resonator device for a communication device, mobile device, computing device, among others.

In an example, the present invention provides a mobile communication system. The system has a housing comprising an interior region and an exterior region and a processing device provided within an interior region of the housing. The system has an rf transmit module coupled to the processing device, and configured on a transmit path. The system has a transmit filter provided within the rf transmit module. In an example, the transmit filter comprises a diplexer filter comprising a single crystal acoustic resonator device.

In an example, the present invention provides a mobile communication system. The system has a housing comprising an interior region and an exterior region. In an example, the system has a display coupled the housing and a processing device provided within an interior region of the housing. In an example, the system has an rf power amplifier module coupled to the processor device. In an example, the rf power amplifier module is configured to a transmit path and a receive path. In an example, the system has an antenna coupled to the rf power amplifier module and an antenna control device configured within the rf power amplifier module. In an example, the antenna control device is also coupled to the receive path and the transmit path, and is configured to select either the receive path or the transmit path. In an example, the system has a plurality of communication bands configured within the rf power amplifier module. In an example, the plurality of communication bands are numbered from 1 through N, where N is an integer greater than 2 and less than 50. Each of the bands can be the same or different in one or more examples. The system has a single crystal acoustic resonator filter device configured with at least one of the plurality of communication bands. In an example, the system has a band-to-band isolation between any pair of adjacent communication bands such that a difference between a pass band to reject band as measured in relative decibels (dBc) is greater than 10 dBc and less than 100 dBc, although there can be variations. In an example, the system has a control device coupled to the rf power amplifier module. Optionally, the control device is configured on a CMOS platform; wherein the rf power amplifier module is made of a gallium containing material.

One or more benefits are achieved over pre-existing techniques using the invention. In particular, the invention enables a cost-effective resonator device for communications applications. In a specific embodiment, the present device can be manufactured in a relatively simple and cost effective manner. Depending upon the embodiment, the present apparatus and method can be manufactured using conventional materials and/or methods according to one of ordinary skill in the art. The present device uses a gallium and nitrogen containing material that is single crystalline. Depending upon the embodiment, one or more of these benefits may be achieved. Of course, there can be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention may be realized by reference to the latter portions of the specification and attached drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, techniques generally related to electronic devices are provided. More particularly, the present invention provides techniques related to a single crystal acoustic resonator. Merely by way of example, the invention has been applied to a resonator device for a communication device, mobile device, computing device, among others.

As additional background, the number of bands supported by smartphones is estimated to grow by 7-fold compared to conventional techniques. As a result, more bands mean high selectivity filter performance is becoming a differentiator in the RF front end of smartphones. Unfortunately, conventional techniques have severe limitations.

That is, conventional filter technology is based upon amorphous materials and whose electromechanical coupling efficiency is poor (only 7.5% for non-lead containing materials) leading to nearly half the transmit power dissipated in high selectivity filters. In addition, single crystal acoustic wave devices are expected to deliver improvements in adjacent channel rejection. Since there are twenty (20) or more filters in present smartphone and the filters are inserted between the power amplifier and the antenna solution, then there is an opportunity to improve the RF front end by reducing thermal dissipation, size of power amplifier while enhancing the signal quality of the smartphone receiver and maximize the spectral efficiency within the system.

Utilizing single crystal acoustic wave device (herein after “SAW” device) and filter solutions, one or more of the following benefits may be achieved: (1) large diameter silicon wafers (up to 200 mm) are expected to realize cost-effective high performance solutions, (2) electromechanical coupling efficiency is expected to more than triple with newly engineered strained piezo electric materials, (3) Filter insertion loss is expected to reduce by 1 dB enabling longer battery life, improve thermal management with smaller RF footprint and improving the signal quality and user experience. These and other benefits can be realized by the present device and method as further provided throughout the present specification, and more particularly below.

FIG. 1is a simplified diagram100illustrating a smart phone with a capture image of a user according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the smart phone includes a housing110, display120, and interface device130, which may include a button, microphone, or touch screen. Preferably, the phone has a high-resolution camera device, which can be used in various modes. An example of a smart phone can be an iPhone from Apple Computer of Cupertino Calif. Alternatively, the smart phone can be a Galaxy from Samsung or others.

In an example, the smart phone includes the following features (which are found in an iPhone 4 from Apple Computer, although there can be variations), see www.apple.com.GSM model: UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz); GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)CDMA model: CDMA EV-DO Rev. A (800, 1900 MHz)802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi (802.11n 2.4 GHz only)Bluetooth 2.1+EDR wireless technologyAssisted GPSDigital compassWi-FiCellularRetina display3.5-inch (diagonal) widescreen Multi-Touch display800:1 contrast ratio (typical)500 cd/m2 max brightness (typical)Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating on front and backSupport for display of multiple languages and characters simultaneously5-megapixel iSight cameraVideo recording, HD (720p) up to 30 frames per second with audioVGA-quality photos and video at up to 30 frames per second with the front cameraTap to focus video or still imagesLED flashPhoto and video geotaggingBuilt-in rechargeable lithium-ion batteryCharging via USB to computer system or power adapterTalk time: Up to 7 hours on 3G, up to 14 hours on 2G (GSM)Standby time: Up to 300 hoursInternet use: Up to 6 hours on 3G, up to 10 hours on Wi-FiVideo playback: Up to 10 hoursAudio playback: Up to 40 hoursFrequency response: 20 Hz to 20,000 HzAudio formats supported: AAC (8 to 320 Kbps), Protected AAC (from iTunes Store), HE-AAC, MP3 (8 to 320 Kbps), MP3 VBR, Audible (formats 2, 3, 4, Audible Enhanced Audio, AAX, and AAX+), Apple Lossless, AIFF, and WAVUser-configurable maximum volume limitVideo out support at up to 720p with Apple Digital AV Adapter or Apple VGA Adapter; 576p and 480p with Apple Component AV Cable; 576i and 48i with Apple Composite AV Cable (cables sold separately)Video formats supported: H.264 video up to 720p, 30 frames per second, Main Profile Level 3.1 with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps, 48 kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats; MPEG-4 video up to 2.5 Mbps, 640 by 480 pixels, 30 frames per second, Simple Profile with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps per channel, 48 kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats; Motion JPEG (M-JPEG) up to 35 Mbps, 1280 by 720 pixels, 30 frames per second, audio in ulaw, PCM stereo audio in .avi file formatThree-axis gyroAccelerometerProximity sensorAmbient light sensor.”

An exemplary electronic device may be a portable electronic device, such as a media player, a cellular phone, a personal data organizer, or the like. Indeed, in such embodiments, a portable electronic device may include a combination of the functionalities of such devices. In addition, the electronic device may allow a user to connect to and communicate through the Internet or through other networks, such as local or wide area networks. For example, the portable electronic device may allow a user to access the internet and to communicate using e-mail, text messaging, instant messaging, or using other forms of electronic communication. By way of example, the electronic device may be a model of an iPod having a display screen or an iPhone available from Apple Inc.

In certain embodiments, the device may be powered by one or more rechargeable and/or replaceable batteries. Such embodiments may be highly portable, allowing a user to carry the electronic device while traveling, working, exercising, and so forth. In this manner, and depending on the functionalities provided by the electronic device, a user may listen to music, play games or video, record video or take pictures, place and receive telephone calls, communicate with others, control other devices (e.g., via remote control and/or Bluetooth functionality), and so forth while moving freely with the device. In addition, device may be sized such that it fits relatively easily into a pocket or a hand of the user. While certain embodiments of the present invention are described with respect to a portable electronic device, it should be noted that the presently disclosed techniques may be applicable to a wide array of other, less portable, electronic devices and systems that are configured to render graphical data, such as a desktop computer.

In the presently illustrated embodiment, the exemplary device includes an enclosure or housing110, a display, user input structures, and input/output connectors. The enclosure may be formed from plastic, metal, composite materials, or other suitable materials, or any combination thereof. The enclosure may protect the interior components of the electronic device from physical damage, and may also shield the interior components from electromagnetic interference (EMI).

The display120may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) based display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) based display, or some other suitable display. In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, the display may display a user interface and various other images, such as logos, avatars, photos, album art, and the like. Additionally, in one embodiment, the display may include a touch screen through which a user may interact with the user interface. The display may also include various function and/or system indicators to provide feedback to a user, such as power status, call status, memory status, or the like. These indicators may be incorporated into the user interface displayed on the display.

In one embodiment, one or more of the user input structures130are configured to control the device, such as by controlling a mode of operation, an output level, an output type, among others. For instance, the user input structures may include a button to turn the device on or off. Further the user input structures may allow a user to interact with the user interface on the display. Embodiments of the portable electronic device may include any number of user input structures, including buttons, switches, a control pad, a scroll wheel, or any other suitable input structures. The user input structures may work with the user interface displayed on the device to control functions of the device and/or any interfaces or devices connected to or used by the device. For example, the user input structures may allow a user to navigate a displayed user interface or to return such a displayed user interface to a default or home screen.

The exemplary device may also include various input and output ports to allow connection of additional devices. For example, a port may be a headphone jack that provides for the connection of headphones. Additionally, a port may have both input/output capabilities to provide for connection of a headset (e.g., a headphone and microphone combination). Embodiments of the present invention may include any number of input and/or output ports, such as headphone and headset jacks, universal serial bus (USB) ports, IEEE-1394 ports, and AC and/or DC power connectors. Further, the device may use the input and output ports to connect to and send or receive data with any other device, such as other portable electronic devices, personal computers, printers, or the like. For example, in one embodiment, the device may connect to a personal computer via an IEEE-1394 connection to send and receive data files, such as media files. Further details of the device can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 8,294,730, assigned to Apple, Inc.

FIG. 2is a simplified system diagram200with a smart phone according to an embodiment of the present invention. A server1301is in electronic communication with a handheld electronic device1305having functional components such as a processor1307, memory1309, graphics accelerator1311, accelerometer1313, communications interface1315, compass1317, GPS1319, display1321, and input device1323. Each device is not limited to the illustrated components. The components may be hardware, software or a combination of both.

In some examples, instructions are input to the handheld electronic device1305through an input device1323that instructs the processor1307to execute functions in an electronic imaging application. One potential instruction can be to generate a wireframe of a captured image of a portion of a human user. In that case the processor1307instructs the communications interface1315to communicate with the server1301, via the internet1303or the like, and transfer human wireframe or image data. The data transferred by the communications interface1315and either processed by the processor1307immediately after image capture or stored in memory1309for later use, or both. The processor1307also receives information regarding the display's1321attributes, and can calculate the orientation of the device, or e.g., using information from an accelerometer1313and/or other external data such as compass headings from a compass1317, or GPS location from a GPS chip, and the processor then uses the information to determine an orientation in which to display the image depending upon the example.

In an example, the captured image can be drawn by the processor1307, by a graphics accelerator1311, or by a combination of the two. In some embodiments, the processor1307can be the graphics accelerator. The image can be first drawn in memory1309or, if available, memory directly associated with the graphics accelerator1311. The methods described herein can be implemented by the processor1307, the graphics accelerator1311, or a combination of the two to create the image and related wireframe. Once the image or wireframe is drawn in memory, it can be displayed on the display1321.

FIG. 3is a simplified diagram of a smart phone system diagram according to an example of the present invention. System1400is an example of hardware, software, and firmware that can be used to implement disclosures above. System1400includes a processor1401, which is representative of any number of physically and/or logically distinct resources capable of executing software, firmware, and hardware configured to perform identified computations. Processor1401communicates with a chipset1403that can control input to and output from processor1401. In this example, chipset1403outputs information to display1419and can read and write information to non-volatile storage1421, which can include magnetic media and solid state media, for example. Chipset1403also can read data from and write data to RAM14213. A bridge1409for interfacing with a variety of user interface components can be provided for interfacing with chipset1403. Such user interface components can include a keyboard1411, a microphone1413, touch-detection-and-processing circuitry1415, a pointing device such as a mouse1417, and so on. In general, inputs to system1400can come from any of a variety of sources, machine-generated and/or human-generated sources.

Chipset1403also can interface with one or more data network interfaces1405that can have different physical interfaces1407. Such data network interfaces can include interfaces for wired and wireless local area networks, for broadband wireless networks, as well as personal area networks. Some applications of the methods for generating and displaying and using the GUI disclosed herein can include receiving data over physical interface1407or be generated by the machine itself by processor1401analyzing data stored in memory1421or14213. Further, the machine can receive inputs from a user via devices keyboard1411, microphone1413, touch device1414, and pointing device1417and execute appropriate functions, such as browsing functions by interpreting these inputs using processor1401.

A transmit module and a receive module is coupled between the antenna and data network interfaces. In an example, the transmit module and the receive module can be separate devices, or integrated with each other in a single module. Of course, there can be alternatives, modifications, and variations. Further details of the module can be found throughout the present specification and more particularly below.

FIG. 4is a simplified diagram of a transmit module and a receive module410according to examples of the present invention. In an example, the transmit module and the receive module are shown as one block structure. As shown, the rf transmit module is configured on a transmit path411. The rf receive module is configured on a receive path412.

In an example, the antenna440is coupled to the rf transmit module431and the rf receive module432. As shown, an antenna control device450is coupled to the receive path412and the transmit path411, and is configured to select either the receive path412or the transmit path411.

In other examples, the antenna control can include a variety of features. Such features include signal tracking, filtering, and the like.

In an example, a receive filter432provided within the rf receive module. In an example, a low noise amplifier device460coupled to the rf receive module. The low noise amplifier can be of CMOS, GaAs, SiGe process technology, or the like.

In an example, a transmit filter431is provided within the rf transmit module. In an example, the transmit filter comprises a diplexer filter430comprising a single crystal acoustic resonator device. As shown inFIG. 4, the filter diplexer430includes both the transmit and receive filters431,432.

In an example, a power amplifier420is coupled to the rf transmit module, and configured to drive a signal through the transmit path411to the antenna440. In an example, the power amplifier is CMOS, GaAs, SiGe process technology, or the like.

In an example, a band-to-band isolation is characterizing the transmit filter such that a difference between a pass band to reject band as measured in relative decibels (dBc) is greater than 10 dBc and less than 100 dBc. In other examples, the difference can have a broader or narrower range.

In an example, an insertion loss characterizing the transmit filter, the insertion loss being less than 3 dB and greater than 0.5 dB.

In other examples, a center frequency configured to define the pass band.

In an example, the single crystal acoustic resonator device is included. In an example, the device a substrate, which has a surface region. In an example, the resonator device has a first electrode material coupled to a portion of the substrate, and a single crystal capacitor dielectric material having a thickness of greater than 0.4 microns and overlying an exposed portion of the surface region and coupled to the first electrode material. In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric material is characterized by a dislocation density of less than 1012defects/cm2. In an example, the device has a second electrode material overlying the single crystal capacitor dielectric material.

FIG. 5is an example of filter response in an example of the present invention. As shown, the diplexer response graph shows attenuation plotted against frequency. Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB), and frequency in hertz. The first region represents the transmit filter response, while the second region represents the receive filter response.

FIG. 6is a simplified diagram of a smart phone rf power amplifier module600according to an example of the present invention. In an example as shown is an rf power amplifier module610coupled to a processor device, as described previously inFIGS. 2 and 3. In an example, the rf power amplifier module610is configured to a transmit path and a receive path. Also, any of the power amplifier modules can contain one or more single crystal acoustic wave filters.

In an example, the module has an antenna coupled to the rf power amplifier module610. In an example, the module has an antenna control device650configured within the rf power amplifier module610. In an example, the control device650is coupled to the receive path and the transmit path, and is configured to select either the receive path or the transmit path.

As shown, the module has a plurality of communication bands610configured within the rf power amplifier module. In an example, the plurality of communication bands are numbered from 1 through N, where N is an integer greater than 2 and less than 50, although there can be variations. In an example, each of the communication bands can include a power amplifier. In an example, the power amplifier is CMOS, GaAs, SiGe process technology, or the like.

In an example, one or more of the communication bands can be configured with a diplexer filter device. The diplexer filter device640is configured from a single crystal acoustic resonator device. An example of such device can be found in U.S. Ser. No. 14/298,057, commonly assigned, and hereby incorporated by reference herein.

In an example, the module has a single crystal acoustic resonator filter device configured with at least one of the plurality of communication bands, as shown.

In an example, one or more of the communication bands can be configured with a switching device620. The switching device620is coupled to an output impedance matching circuit, as shown. The matching circuit is configured to multiple acoustic wave filters as shown. The paths are controlled by the switching device.

In an example, the module has a band-to-band isolation between any pair of adjacent communication bands such that a difference between a pass band to reject band as measured in relative decibels (dBc) is greater than 10 dBc and less than 100 dBc.

In an example, the module has a control device coupled to the rf power amplifier module.

FIGS. 7A and 7Bare simplified diagrams of a packaging configuration for the power amplifier module according to an example of the present invention. As shown, the power amplifier module can be configured on a board. The acoustic resonator device can be packaged on the board, and even molded using a resin coating configured to the board to protect the resonator device, as shown. In an example, the device701can include a resonator device including a piezo layer720overlying a substrate710, which is flipped and coupled to a laminate board5780through copper bumps740connected to metal interconnects781.FIG. 7Bshows a similar device702, but the device is packaged in an encapsulation790.

FIG. 8is a simplified diagram of a packaging configuration for a diplexer device according to an example of the present invention. As shown are a pair of acoustic resonator device configured on a single board, using flip chip mounting techniques. Such techniques use solder bumps configured on copper pillar structures. In an example, the device801can include two resonator devices each including a piezo layer820overlying a substrate810, which is flipped and coupled to a laminate board880through copper bumps840connected to metal interconnects881.FIG. 8Bshows a similar device802, but the device is packaged in an encapsulation890. In an example, the power amplifier module described previously can be a mix of a single crystal filter and a non-single crystal acoustic wave filter. Further details of these packaging configurations can be found in U.S. Ser. No. 14/341,314, commonly assigned, and hereby incorporated by reference herein.

As used herein, the terms “first” “second” “third” and “nth” shall be interpreted under ordinary meaning Such terms, alone or together, do not necessarily imply order, unless understood that way by one of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, the terms “top” and “bottom” may not have a meaning in reference to a direction of gravity, while should be interpreted under ordinary meaning These terms shall not unduly limit the scope of the claims herein.

As used herein, the term substrate is associated with Group III-nitride based materials including GaN, InGaN, AlGaN, or other Group III containing alloys or compositions that are used as starting materials, or AN or the like. Such starting materials include polar GaN substrates (i.e., substrate where the largest area surface is nominally an (h k l) plane wherein h=k=0, and 1 is non-zero), non-polar GaN substrates (i.e., substrate material where the largest area surface is oriented at an angle ranging from about 80-100 degrees from the polar orientation described above towards an (h k l) plane wherein l=0, and at least one of h and k is non-zero) or semi-polar GaN substrates (i.e., substrate material where the largest area surface is oriented at an angle ranging from about +0.1 to 80 degrees or 110-179.9 degrees from the polar orientation described above towards an (h k l) plane wherein l=0, and at least one of h and k is non-zero.).

As shown, the present device can be enclosed in a suitable package.

In an example, the present invention provides a mobile communication system. The system has a housing comprising an interior region and an exterior region. In an example, the system has a display coupled the housing and a processing device provided within an interior region of the housing. In an example, the system has an rf transmit module coupled to the processing device, and configured on a transmit path. In an example, the system has an rf receive module coupled to the processing device, and configured on a receive path. In an example, the system has an antenna coupled to the rf transmit module and the rf receive module and an antenna control device coupled to the receive path and the transmit path, and is configured to select either the receive path or the transmit path. In an example, the system has a receive filter provided within the rf receive module and a low noise amplifier device coupled to the rf receive module. In an example, the system has a transmit filter provided within the rf transmit module. In an example, the transmit filter comprises a diplexer filter comprising a single crystal acoustic resonator device.

In an example, the system has a power amplifier coupled to the rf transmit module, and is configured to drive a signal through the transmit path to the antenna. In an example, the system has a band-to-band isolation charactering the transmit filter such that a difference between a pass band to reject band as measured in relative decibels (dBc) is greater than 10 dBc and less than 100 dBc. In an example, the system has an insertion loss characterizing the transmit filter. In an example, the insertion loss is less than 3 dB and greater than 0.5 dB and a center frequency configured to define the pass band.

In an example, the single crystal acoustic resonator device comprises a substrate, the substrate having a surface region, a first electrode material coupled to a portion of the substrate, a single crystal capacitor dielectric material having a thickness of greater than 0.4 microns and overlying an exposed portion of the surface region and coupled to the first electrode material. In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric material is characterized by a dislocation density of less than 1012 defects/cm2. In an example, the device has a second electrode material overlying the single crystal capacitor dielectric material.

In an example, the single crystal capacitor material is selected from at least one of GaN, AN, AlGaN, InN, BN, or other group III nitrides or at least one of a single crystal oxide including a high K dielectric, ZnO, or MgO.

In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric material is characterized by a surface region of at least 50 micron by 50 micron, although there can be variations. In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric material is configured in a first strain state to compensate to the substrate. In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric material is deposited overlying the exposed portion of the substrate.

In an example, the system comprises a reflector region configured to the first electrode material. In an example, the first electrode material and the single crystal capacitor dielectric material comprises a first interface region substantially free from an oxide bearing material.

In an example, the system has a nucleation material provided between the single crystal capacitor dielectric material and the first electrode material; and further comprising a capping material provided between the single crystal capacitor dielectric material and the second electrode material. In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric material is characterized by a FWHM of less than one degree; and further comprising a parameter derived from a two port analysis.

In an example, the first electrode material comprises a first electrode structure configured and routed to a vicinity of a plane parallel to a contact region coupled to the second electrode material. In an example, the surface region of the substrate is bare and exposed crystalline material. In an example, the single crystal capacitor dielectric is configured to propagate a longitudinal signal at an acoustic velocity of 6000 meters/second and greater; and further comprising a first contact coupled to the first electrode material and a second contact coupled to the second electrode material such that each of the first contact and the second contact are configured in a co-planar arrangement; and wherein the semiconductor substrate is selected from a silicon, a gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, an aluminum oxide, or others.

While the above is a full description of the specific embodiments, various modifications, alternative constructions and equivalents may be used. As an example, the packaged device can include any combination of elements described above, as well as outside of the present specification. As used herein, the term “substrate” can mean the bulk substrate or can include overlying growth structures such as a gallium and nitrogen containing epitaxial region, or functional regions, combinations, and the like. Therefore, the above description and illustrations should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention which is defined by the appended claims.