Fuel management system for an autonomous missile

A fuel management system for an autonomous missile or the like. The system controlling engine starts and metering air and fuel to the missile's internal combustion engine during launch and through the entire mission of the missile.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a fuel management system for an internal 
combustion engine and more particularly but not by way of limitation for 
managing the control of the air and fuel mixture to the cylinders of an 
internal combustion engine used in an autonomous missile. While this 
system is used in conjunction with an autonomous missile it should be 
appreciated that the system can be used equally well for various types of 
aircraft, vehicles and equipment requiring the use of an internal 
combustion engine as a power source. 
Heretofore, there have been a number of fuel metering systems used for 
various types of gasoline engines. These systems vary from a simple 
carburator and throttle control to a fuel metering and fuel injection 
technique. None of these systems are entirely satisfactory for use in a 
missile, since they are generally unable to accomodate the wide range of 
environmental conditions encountered by the missile. In addition, the 
missile requires that the system have a very high reliability, the use of 
a minimum of sensors, be extremely light in weight and must meet size 
requirements. Prior to the subject invention, a feedback carburator system 
was used on all known missiles. This system is not satisfactory since it 
requires manual choking to start the engine and permits only throttle 
control during flight with some compensation for increased air flow at 
high altitude. 
In U.S. Pat. No. 1,151,159 to Brown, U.S. Pat. No. 2,026,798 to Pogue, U.S. 
Pat. No. 3,326,538 to Merrit, U.S. Pat. No. 2,012,564 to Holmes and U.S. 
Pat. No. 3,325,152 to Wahnish various types of carburator and air fuel 
mixture devices are disclosed. 
None of these prior art patents disclose the unique features and advantages 
of the subject fuel management system as described herein. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The subject fuel management system provides for a continuously monitoring 
engine performance with adjustment for both air and fuel flow to optimize 
fuel economy and engine performance. 
The system also monitors engine performance through the adjustment of spark 
advance or retard control based on the engines RMP and exhaust gas 
temperature. 
The system also includes the automatic mixing of the fuel and air and 
creating turbulence in a mixer can for creating a complete homogeneous 
mixture of the fuel and air prior to introducing the mixture to the 
individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine. 
The system also includes the use of flexible tubing lines in supplying the 
air and fuel to the mixer can. The lines are received through a solenoid 
housing with the solenoid controlled by the missiles autopilot. By 
signaling the solenoid the amount of air and fuel is controlled. 
As an option the system can use air fuel injectors adapted for attachment 
to each cylinder of the internal combustion engine for receiving the 
homogeneous air fuel mixture and injecting the mixture into the cylinders 
of the engine. 
The fuel management system for an autonomous missile or the like having a 
flight autopilot and for delivering a turbulent air fuel mixture to the 
cylinders of an internal combustion engine includes an air supply with an 
air supply line. An air control valve is connected to the air supply line 
for controlling the flow of air. A fuel supply is connected to a fuel 
supply line and fuel pump. A fuel control valve is connected to the fuel 
line for controlling the flow of fuel. An air fuel mixer can is connected 
to the air and fuel supply lines for receiving the air and fuel and mixing 
it therein. Intake manifolds are connected to the air fuel mixer can for 
receiving the mixture of air and fuel and introducing it into the 
individual cylinders. Pressure sensors are disposed in the intake 
manifolds and connected to the missile's autopilot for monitoring the 
pressure of the air fuel mixture introduced into the manifolds. 
The advantages and objects of the invention will become evident from the 
following detailed description of the drawings when read in connection 
with the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of 
the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
In FIG. 1 a flow diagram of the fuel management system for an autonomous 
missile is illustrated and designated by general reference numeral 10. The 
system 10 includes an air supply 12 connected to a flexible air line 14 
which passes through a housing 15 of an air control valve 16 prior to 
entering the bottom of a mixer can 18. The air control valve 16 will be 
discussed in greater detail under FIG. 2. 
A flexible fuel line 20 is connected to a fuel supply tank which is not 
shown in the drawings. The fuel line 20 is connected to a fuel pump 22 and 
from there it is received through a housing 23 of a fuel control valve 24 
which is similar in structure to the air control valve 16. The fuel line 
20 is received in the bottom of the mixer can 18 and adjacent the air line 
14 where the air and fuel are discharged into a fuel atomizing orifice 16. 
The fuel atomizing orifice 26 is shown in an enlarged front view in FIG. 3 
and will be discussed in detail under that drawing. 
The mixer can 18 is made up of an inner container 28 and outer container 
30. As the air and fuel are introduced and mixed in the fuel atomizing 
orifice 26, the mixture is discharged upwardly into an inner chamber 32 of 
the inner container 28. As the mixture raises it contacts vortex generator 
spirals 36 which are attached to the inner walls of the inner container 28 
to produce a turbulent flow as indicated by arrows 34. The mixture is 
discharged out of openings 38 in the top of the inner container 28 where 
the mixture flows downwardly between the outer walls of the inner 
container 28 and the inner walls of the outer container 30. The outer 
walls of the inner container 28 and the inner walls of the outer container 
30 also include vortex generator spirals 36 which continue to aid in 
producing a turbulent flow for creating a homogeneous mixture of the air 
and fuel prior to being discharged out discharge openings 40 at the bottom 
of the outer container 30 where the mixture enters into intake manifolds 
42. The intake manifolds 42 are connected to the individual cylinders of 
the internal combustion engine. It should be noted that inside the intake 
manifolds 42 are sensors 44 for measuring the manifold pressure therein. 
The sensors 44 are electrically connected by lines 45 to a flight 
autopilot 46 of the autonomous missile. The flight autopilot is a 
microprocessor. The autopilot 46 includes a fuel management subsystem 48 
which is an addition to the microprocessor for receiving data such as 
exhaust temperature from line 50 and engine RMP from line 52. The 
subsystem 48 also receives data from a capacitive discharge ignition 
system 54 via line 56 and sends input data into the ignition system 54 via 
line 58. The ignition system 54 controls a line 60 to the spark plugs and 
regulates the alternator via line 62. 
As an option, the subsystem 48 may be connected to optional fuel injectors 
64 via line 66. The injectors 64 can be adapted for receipt in the 
individual cylinders for receiving the air fuel mixture from the intake 
manifolds 42. 
The control system for the fuel management subsystem 48 can be a part of 
the autopilot 46. The control parameters used are the engine RPM, the 
exhaust temperature and the pressure sensors 44. The computations 
performed by the subsystem 48 considers all factors necessary to manage 
the fuel mixture and optimize performance. A minimum of sensor input data 
is required. This reduces the cost and the system complexity. As mentioned 
above the system 10 receives input data such as the engine RPM via line 
52, exhaust gas temperature via line 50, spark control via line 56 and 
manifold pressure via line 45. 
The fuel management subsystem 48 which is part of the autopilot 46 controls 
the air control valve 16 and fuel control valve 24 via lines 68 and 70. 
Also connected to the fuel management subsystem via line 72 is a thermal 
heating blanket 74 or the like which can be used for wrapping around the 
mixer can 18, autopilot 46 or any other equipment desired in order to 
maintain the equipment in proper working order should severe environmental 
conditions occur such as icing. 
In FIG. 2 the air control valve 16 is shown connected to the electrical 
line 68. The control valve 16 is made up of the housing 15 having a 
solenoid therein and connected to a hammer 76. The lower portion of the 
housing 18 includes an opening 78 for receiving the line 14 therethrough. 
Disposed below the line 14 and attached to the housing is an anvil 80. 
When the solenoid receives a pulse width modulator signal from the 
subsystem 48 the solenoid responds and the hammer 76 is lowered on top of 
the flexible air line 14 pinching the line 14 against the top of the anvil 
80 thereby restricting the air flow therethrough and accordingly 
controlling the air flow to the mixer can 30 as required. It should be 
noted that the air control valve 16 is identical in operation and 
structure to the fuel control valve 24 with the valve 24 used for 
controlling the amount of fuel passing through the flexible fuel line 20. 
In FIG. 3 the fuel atomizing orifice 26 is shown in greater detail. The 
orifice 26 includes a central air chamber 82 for receiving the air 
indicated by arrows 84 therein from the supply line 14. The central air 
chamber 82 is surrounded by an inner spray head 86 having an inner spray 
orifices 88 for discharging the air therefrom. Surrounding the inner spray 
head 86 and in a spaced relationship therefrom is an outer spray head 90 
and inner space 92 therebetween for receiving fuel indicated by arrows 94 
from the fuel line 20. The fuel is mixed with the air inside the inner 
space 92 where it, under pressure, is discharged through outer spray 
orifices 96. From this point, the air fuel mixture circulates upwardly as 
indicated by arrows 34 as shown in FIG. 1 where the turbulent fuel air 
mixture is produced prior to the mixture being discharged into the intake 
manifolds 42. 
As mentioned above the fuel management system 10 for an autonomous missile 
or the like provides a unique method of continuously moderating engine 
performance with adjustments of both air and fuel flow to optimize fuel 
economy and engine performance during the entire mission of the missile. 
Changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts or 
elements of the embodiments as described herein without departing from the 
spirit or scope of the invention defined in the following claims.