Particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit

A particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit includes a first particle disc configured to meter particles and a second particle disc configured to receive the particles from the first particle disc and to transfer the particles toward a trench in soil. The particle delivery system includes a vacuum source configured to reduce air pressure within a first vacuum passage to couple the particles to one or more first apertures of the first particle disc. The vacuum source is also configured to reduce air pressure within a second vacuum passage to couple the particles to one or more second apertures of the second particle disc. A rotation rate of the first particle disc is controllable to establish a particle spacing between the particles within the trench. A rotation rate of the second particle disc is controllable to expel the particles at a particle exit speed.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to a particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit.

Generally, planting implements (e.g., planters) are towed behind a tractor or other work vehicle via a mounting bracket secured to a rigid frame of the implement. Planting implements typically include multiple row units distributed across a width of the implement. Each row unit is configured to deposit seeds at a desired depth beneath the soil surface of a field, thereby establishing rows of planted seeds. For example, each row unit typically includes a ground engaging tool or opener that forms a seeding path (e.g., trench) for seed deposition into the soil. An agricultural product delivery system (e.g., including a metering system and a seed tube) is configured to deposit seeds and/or other agricultural products (e.g., fertilizer) into the trench. The opener/agricultural product delivery system is followed by closing discs that move displaced soil back into the trench and/or a packer wheel that packs the soil on top of the deposited seeds/other agricultural products.

Certain row units, or planting implements generally, include a seed storage area configured to store the seeds. The agricultural product delivery system is configured to transfer the seeds from the seed storage area into the trench. For example, the agricultural product delivery system may include a metering system that meters the seeds from the seed storage area into a seed tube for subsequent delivery to the trench. Certain types of seeds may benefit from a particular spacing along the trench. Additionally, the planting implement having the row units may travel at varying speeds based on the type of seed being deposited into the soil, the type and structure of the soil within the field, and other factors. Typically, the row units output the seeds to the trench at the speed that the implement is traveling through the field, which may affect the spacing between the seeds and may cause the seeds to be deposited at locations along the trench other than target locations (e.g., outside the target locations).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

In certain embodiments, a particle delivery system of an agricultural row unit includes a first particle disc configured to meter a plurality of particles from a particle storage area and a second particle disc configured to receive each particle of the plurality of particles from the first particle disc and to transfer the particle toward a trench in soil. The first particle disc includes one or more first apertures, and the second particle disc includes one or more second apertures. The particle delivery system includes a vacuum source in fluid communication with a first vacuum passage positioned adjacent to the first particle disc and with a second vacuum passage positioned adjacent to the second particle disc. The vacuum source is configured to reduce air pressure within the first vacuum passage to couple a particle of the plurality of particles to a first respective aperture of the one or more first apertures while the first respective aperture is aligned with the first vacuum passage. The vacuum source is also configured to reduce air pressure within the second vacuum passage to couple the particle to a second respective aperture of the one or more second apertures while the second respective aperture is aligned within the second vacuum passage. A rotation rate of the first particle disc is controllable to establish a particle spacing between the plurality of particles within the trench, and a rotation rate of the second particle disc is controllable to expel each particle of the plurality of particles at a particle exit speed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a particle delivery system for a row unit of an agricultural implement. Certain agricultural implements include row units configured to deliver particles (e.g., seeds) to trenches in soil. For example, a particle distribution system may transport the particles from a storage tank of the agricultural implement to the row units (e.g., to a hopper assembly of each row unit or directly to a particle delivery system of each row unit), and/or the particles may be delivered from a hopper assembly of each row unit to a respective particle delivery system. Each particle delivery system may output the particles to a respective trench as the agricultural implement travels over the soil. Certain agricultural implements are configured to travel at particular speeds (e.g., between four kilometers per hour (kph) and thirty kph) while delivering the particles to the trenches. Additionally, a particular spacing between the particles when disposed within the soil may enhance plant development and/or yield.

Accordingly, in certain embodiments, at least one row unit of the agricultural implement includes a particle delivery system configured to deliver the particles to the respective trench in the soil at a particular spacing while reducing the relative ground speed of the particles (e.g., the speed of the particles relative to the ground). The particle delivery system includes a first particle disc configured to meter individual particles, thereby establishing the particular spacing between particles. The first particle disc is configured to release each particle at a release point of the first particle disc, thereby enabling the particle to move to an engagement point of a second particle disc. The second particle disc is configured to receive each particle at the engagement point. The second particle disc is also configured to transport each particle from the engagement point to a release point of the second particle disc. The second particle disc is configured to accelerate each particle, thereby increasing the speed of the particle at the release point, as compared to the engagement point. For example, the second particle disc may accelerate the particles to a speed greater than a speed resulting from gravitational acceleration alone. Additionally, the second particle disc may accelerate the particles such that the particle delivery system reduces the relative ground speed of the particles. As such, the second particle disc may enable the row unit to travel faster than traditional row units that utilize seed tubes, which rely on gravity to accelerate the particles (e.g., seeds) for delivery to soil.

In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include an air flow system configured to secure the particles to the first particle disc and/or to the second particle disc, to remove the particles from the first particle disc, to accelerate the particles downwardly from the first particle disc toward the second particle disc, or a combination thereof. For example, the air flow system may include a vacuum source configured to reduce the air pressure within a vacuum passage positioned along a portion of the first particle disc, thereby securing the particles to the first particle disc. In certain embodiments, the vacuum source may also be configured to reduce the air pressure within a vacuum passage positioned along a portion of the second particle disc, thereby securing the particles to the second particle disc. Additionally, the air flow system may provide an air flow configured to remove the particles from the first particle disc at the release point.

In some embodiments, the particle delivery system may include a particle transfer assembly configured to facilitate transferring the particles from the first particle disc to the second particle disc. For example, the particle transfer assembly may include a guide wheel disposed between the first particle disc and the second particle disc and configured to rotate to guide the particles from the first particle disc toward the second particle disc. In certain embodiments, the particle transfer assembly may include a particle tube extending from the release point of the first particle disc to the engagement point of the second particle disc and configured to guide the particles from the first particle disc to the second particle disc. In some embodiments, the particle transfer assembly may be configured to accelerate the particles flowing from the first particle disc toward the second particle disc.

With the foregoing in mind, the present embodiments relating to particle delivery systems may be utilized within any suitable agricultural implement. For example,FIG.1is a perspective view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement10having multiple row units12distributed across a width of the agricultural implement10. The implement10is configured to be towed through a field behind a work vehicle, such as a tractor. As illustrated, the implement10includes a tongue assembly14, which includes a hitch configured to couple the implement10to an appropriate tractor hitch (e.g., via a ball, clevis, or other coupling). The tongue assembly14is coupled to a tool bar16which supports multiple row units12. Each row unit12may include one or more opener discs configured to form a particle path (e.g., trench) within soil of a field. The row unit12may also include a particle delivery system (e.g., particle discs) configured to deposit particles (e.g., seeds, fertilizer, and/or other agricultural product(s)) into the particle path/trench. In addition, the row unit12may include closing disc(s) and/or a packer wheel positioned behind the particle delivery system. The closing disc(s) are configured to move displaced soil back into the particle path/trench, and the packer wheel is configured to pack soil on top of the deposited particles.

During operation, the agricultural implement10may travel at a particular speed along the soil surface while depositing the particles to the trenches. For example, a speed of the agricultural implement may be selected and/or controlled based on soil conditions, a type of the particles delivered by the agricultural implement10to the soil, weather conditions, a size/type of the agricultural implement, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, a particular spacing between the particles when disposed within the soil may enhance plant development and/or yield. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, at least one row unit12may include a particle delivery system configured to deposit the particles at the particular spacing while reducing the ground speed of the particles (e.g., as compared to a row unit that employs a particle tube to delivery particles to the soil). As discussed in detail below, the particle delivery system may include a first particle disc configured to meter individual particles to a second particle disc to establish the spacing between the particles. Additionally, the second particle disc may receive the particles and move and accelerate the particles toward the trench in the soil. The second particle disc may accelerate the particles to a speed greater than a speed resulting from gravitational acceleration alone (e.g., a speed resulting from the particle falling directly from the first disc to the ground with the second disc omitted) and may reduce the relative ground speed of the particles (e.g., the speed of the particles relative to the ground). In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include additional particle disc(s) (e.g., a third particle disc) and/or a particle belt configured to progressively accelerate the particles. As such, the particle delivery system may enable the row unit12to travel faster than traditional row units that utilize seed tubes, which rely on gravity to accelerate the particles (e.g., seeds) for delivery to the soil. As a result, the agricultural implement10may travel faster through the field and more accurately place each particle within the soil of the field.

FIG.2is a side view of an embodiment of a row unit12(e.g., agricultural row unit) that may be employed on the agricultural implement ofFIG.1. The row unit12includes a mount18configured to secure the row unit12to the tool bar of the agricultural implement. In the illustrated embodiment, the mount18includes a U-bolt that secures a bracket20of the row unit12to the tool bar. However, in alternative embodiments, the mount may include another suitable device that couples the row unit to the tool bar. A linkage assembly22extends from the bracket20to a frame24of the row unit12. The linkage assembly22is configured to enable vertical movement of the frame24relative to the tool bar in response to variations in a soil surface26. In certain embodiments, a down pressure system (e.g., including a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, etc.) may be coupled to the linkage assembly22and configured to urge the frame24toward the soil surface26. While the illustrated linkage assembly22is a parallel linkage assembly (e.g., a four-bar linkage assembly), in alternative embodiments, another suitable linkage assembly may extend between the bracket and the frame.

The row unit12includes an opener assembly30that forms a trench31in the soil surface26for particle deposition into the soil. In the illustrated embodiment, the opener assembly30includes gauge wheels32, arms34that pivotally couple the gauge wheels32to the frame24, and opener discs36. The opener discs36are configured to excavate the trench31into the soil, and the gauge wheels32are configured to control a penetration depth of the opener discs36into the soil. In the illustrated embodiment, the row unit12includes a depth control system38configured to control the vertical position of the gauge wheels32(e.g., by blocking rotation of the arms in the upward direction beyond a selected orientation), thereby controlling the penetration depth of the opener discs36into the soil.

The row unit12includes a particle delivery system40configured to deposit particles (e.g., seeds, fertilizer, and/or other agricultural product(s)) into the trench31as the row unit12traverses the field along a direction of travel42. As illustrated, the particle delivery system40includes a particle metering and singulation unit44configured to receive the particles (e.g., seeds) from a hopper assembly46(e.g., a particle storage area). In certain embodiments, a hopper of the hopper assembly may be integrally formed with a housing of the particle metering and singulation unit. The hopper assembly46is configured to store the particles for subsequent metering by the particle metering and singulation unit44. As will be described in greater detail below, in some embodiments, the particle metering and singulation unit44includes a particle disc configured to rotate to transfer the particles from the hopper assembly46toward a second particle disc of the particle delivery system40. The second particle disc of the particle delivery system40may generally be disposed between the particle metering and singulation unit44and the trench31and may transfer the particles received from the particle metering and singulation unit44to the trench31. In some embodiments, the particle delivery system may include a particle belt disposed generally between the second particle disc and the trench. For example, the particle belt may receive the particles from the second particle disc and deliver the particles to the trench.

The opener assembly30and the particle delivery system40are followed by a closing assembly48that moves displaced soil back into the trench31. In the illustrated embodiment, the closing assembly48includes two closing discs50. However, in alternative embodiments, the closing assembly may include other closing devices (e.g., a single closing disc, etc.). In addition, in certain embodiments, the closing assembly may be omitted. In the illustrated embodiment, the closing assembly48is followed by a packing assembly52configured to pack soil on top of the deposited particles. The packing assembly52includes a packer wheel54, an arm56that pivotally couples the packer wheel54to the frame24, and a biasing member58configured to urge the packer wheel54toward the soil surface26, thereby causing the packer wheel to pack soil on top of the deposited particles (e.g., seeds and/or other agricultural product(s)). While the illustrated biasing member58includes a spring, in alternative embodiments, the biasing member may include another suitable biasing device, such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder, among others. For purposes of discussion, reference may be made to a longitudinal axis or direction60, a vertical axis or direction62, and a lateral axis or direction64. For example, the direction of travel42of the row unit12may be generally along the longitudinal axis60.

FIG.3is a side view of an embodiment of a particle delivery system40that may be employed within the row unit ofFIG.2. As described above, the particle delivery system40is configured to meter and accelerate particles80(e.g., seeds, fertilizer, other particulate material, or a combination thereof) toward the trench31for deposition into the trench31. In the illustrated embodiment, the particle delivery system40includes a first particle disc82(e.g., of the particle metering and singulation unit44) configured to meter the particles80and a second particle disc84configured to accelerate and the move the particles80toward the trench31for deposition into the trench31.

The first particle disc82has apertures90configured to receive the particles80from a particle hopper92of the particle delivery system40. For example, each aperture90may receive a single particle80. The particle hopper92is a particle storage area configured to store the particles80for subsequent metering and distribution. In certain embodiments, the particle hopper92may be coupled to and/or included as part of a housing of the particle metering and singulation unit44. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the hopper assembly may provide the particles80to the particle hopper92, and/or the hopper assembly (e.g., the hopper of the hopper assembly) may be coupled to the particle hopper92. The first particle disc82is configured to rotate, as indicated by arrow94, to move the particles80from the particle hopper92to a release point96, where the particles80are released downwardly toward the second particle disc84.

As illustrated, the particle delivery system40includes an air flow system100having an air flow device102(e.g., a vacuum source), a first air tube104fluidly coupled to the air flow device102, a second air tube106fluidly coupled to the air flow device102, and a third air tube108fluidly coupled to the air flow device102. The air flow system100is configured to reduce the air pressure within a first vacuum passage110positioned along a portion of the first particle disc82, thereby drawing the particles80from the particle hopper92toward and against the apertures90. As illustrated, the first air tube104is fluidly coupled to the air flow device102and to the first vacuum passage110. The air flow device102is configured to draw air through the apertures90while the apertures90are aligned with the first vacuum passage110. As the first particle disc82rotates, the vacuum formed at the apertures90secures the particles80to the first particle disc82at the apertures90, such that the first particle disc82moves each particle80from the particle hopper92to the release point96. At the release point96, the air flow system100provides, via the second air tube106, an air flow112configured to remove each particle80from the respective aperture90(e.g., by overcoming the vacuum formed at the apertures90). In certain embodiments, the air flow112may be omitted, and the particles80may be released from the apertures90due to the first vacuum passage110ending. For example, at the release point96, the first vacuum passage110may end (e.g., the air flow device102may no longer draw air through the apertures90of the first particle disc82at the release point96), and the particles80may no longer be secured in the apertures90. The particles80are released from the first particle disc82along a release trajectory114. Rotation of the first particle disc82imparts a velocity on the particles along the release trajectory114, and the particles80accelerate downwardly along the release trajectory114under the influence of gravity. In some embodiments, an angle between the release trajectory114and the vertical axis62may be zero degrees, one degree, two degrees, five degrees, ten degrees, twenty degrees, or other suitable angles. As used herein, “vacuum” refers to an air pressure that is less than the ambient atmospheric air pressure, and not necessarily 0 pa.

The particle delivery system40includes a first disc housing120and a second disc housing122. The first particle disc82is disposed within and configured to rotate within the first disc housing120. The second particle disc84is disposed and configured to rotate within the second disc housing122. The first vacuum passage110of the particle metering and singulation unit44is formed within the first disc housing120. Additionally, the particle metering and singulation unit44includes the first particle disc82and the first disc housing120. Additionally, the particle hopper92(e.g., the particle storage area) is formed within the first disc housing120.

As illustrated, the particle delivery system40includes a particle transfer assembly130having a particle tube131extending generally from the release point96to an engagement point132of the second particle disc84. The particle tube131of the particle transfer assembly130is coupled to the first disc housing120and the second disc housing122. The second particle disc84is configured to receive each particle80at the engagement point132. The particle transfer assembly130is configured to at least partially direct the particles80from the first particle disc82(e.g., from the release point96of the first particle disc82) to the second particle disc84(e.g., to the engagement point132of the second particle disc84) along the release trajectory114. In certain embodiments, the particle transfer assembly may be omitted, such that the particles flow from the release point to the engagement point without the particle transfer assembly. The particle tube may include any suitable shape and/or configuration configured to at least particle direct the particles, such as a channel, a cylindrical tube, a rectangular tube, and/or other suitable shapes/configurations.

The second particle disc84has apertures134configured to receive the particles80at the engagement point132. For example, each aperture134may receive a single particle80. The second particle disc84is configured to rotate, as indicated by arrow136, to move the particles80from the engagement point132to a release point138of the second particle disc84, where the particles80are released along a release trajectory140toward the trench31.

The air flow system100is configured to reduce the air pressure within a second vacuum passage150positioned along a portion of the second particle disc84, thereby drawing the particles80toward and into the apertures134at the engagement point132. As illustrated, the third air tube108is fluidly coupled to the air flow device102and to the second vacuum passage150formed within the second disc housing122. The air flow device102is configured to draw air through the apertures134while the apertures134are aligned with the second vacuum passage150. As the second particle disc84rotates, the vacuum formed at the apertures134secures the particles80to the second particle disc84at the apertures134, such that the second particle disc84moves each particle80from the engagement point132to the release point138. At the release point96, the second vacuum passage150ends (e.g., the vacuum is removed, terminated, and/or occluded), and the particles80are released from the apertures134of the second particle disc84along the release trajectory140. In certain embodiments, in addition to or in place of removing the vacuum (e.g., the second vacuum passage ending), the air flow system may be configured to remove the particles from the particle disc via an air flow. The air flow system may be configured to accelerate the particles from the second particle disc toward the trench as the particles are removed from the second particle disc. In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include a first air flow device (e.g., a first vacuum source) configured to form the vacuum along the first vacuum passage to secure the particles to the first particle disc, and a second air flow device (e.g., a second vacuum source) configured to form the vacuum along the second vacuum passage to secure the particles to the second particle disc.

As described above, the first particle disc82is configured to meter the particles80and to provide a spacing between the particles80. The spacing between the particles80when disposed within the trench31may enhance plant development and/or yield. Additionally, the particle delivery system40is configured to accelerate the particles80generally toward and along the trench31. The acceleration of the particles80by the particle delivery system40may enable the row unit to travel faster than traditional row units that utilize seed tubes, which rely solely on gravity to accelerate the particles80for delivery to soil. For example, the particle delivery system40may achieve higher application rates of the particles80compared to traditional row units, thereby enabling the row unit having the particle delivery system40to travel faster than traditional row units. The particle delivery system40is configured to accelerate the particles80via the air flow system100, gravity, and the second particle disc84. For example, the air flow system100is configured to provide the air flow112from the second air tube106to accelerate the particles80downwardly along the release trajectory114. For example, the air flow system100may apply a force to the particles80via the air flow112. Additionally, the particle delivery system40is configured to enable the particles80to accelerate under the influence of gravity as the particles80travel between the first particle disc82and the second particle disc84. The second particle disc84is configured to accelerate the particles80received from the first particle disc82, such that a particle exit speed of the particles80expelled from the second particle disc84along the release trajectory140reaches a target particle exit speed. The particle exit speed of the particles80may reach the target particle exit speed when the particle exit speed is equal to the target particle exit speed, when the particle exit speed passes (e.g., is greater than or less than) the target particle exit speed, when the particle exit speed is within a threshold value of the target particle exit speed, or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the second particle disc84is configured to rotate faster than the first particle disc82to accelerate the particles80. For example, the first particle disc82may rotate at a first speed (e.g., a first tangential velocity of the first particle disc82at the apertures90), and the second particle disc84may rotate at a second speed (e.g., a second tangential velocity of the second particle disc84at the apertures134) faster than the first speed. The faster speed the second particle disc84may accelerate the particles80to the target particle exit speed as the particles80are released from the second particle disc84.

In some embodiments, the second particle disc84may have a larger radius than the first particle disc82. As used herein, radius refers to the radial distance from a center of a particle disc to the apertures of the particle disc. For example, a first radius of the first particle disc82may be a radial distance between a center of the first particle disc82and the apertures90, and a second radius of the second particle disc84may be a radial distance between a center of the second particle disc84and the apertures134. The larger radius of the second particle disc84may accelerate the particles80(e.g., even if the first and second particle discs are rotating at the same rotational speed). For example, the tangential velocity of the second particle disc84at the apertures134may be greater than the tangential velocity of the first particle disc82at the apertures90, because a radial distance of the apertures134is greater than a radial distance of the apertures90.

In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include additional particle discs (e.g., in addition to the first particle disc82and the second particle disc84) configured to accelerate the particles toward and/or along the trench. Each particle disc (from the particle disc adjacent to the hopper to the particle disc adjacent to the trench) may rotate progressively faster and/or may have progressively larger radii, such that each progressive particle disc imparts a greater velocity on each particle as the particle is released from the respective particle disc.

The particle delivery system40includes a controller170configured to control the rotation rate (e.g., the rotational speed) of the first particle disc82to adjust/control the spacing between the particles80. For example, the controller170may control a motor171, which is configured to drive rotation of the first particle disc82, to adjust/control the rotation rate of the first particle disc82(e.g., by outputting an output signal to the motor171indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the first particle disc82). Additionally, the controller170may control the motor171to achieve a target spacing between the particles80. The controller170may determine the target spacing between the particles80based on a type of the particles80, an input received from a user interface, and/or a ground speed of the row unit. The spacing may be any suitable spacing, such as one centimeter, two centimeters, five centimeters, ten centimeters, fifty centimeters, one meter, two meters, five meters, etc. In certain embodiments, the controller170may control the rotation rate of the first particle disc82(e.g., via control of the motor171) to achieve the target spacing based on a reference table identifying rotational speeds of the first particle disc82that will achieve particular spacings, based on an empirical formula, in response to sensor feedback, or a combination thereof.

Additionally, the controller170is configured to control the rotation rate (e.g., rotational speed) of the second particle disc84to adjust/control the particle exit speed of the particles80expelled from the second particle disc84(e.g., from the release point138of the second particle disc84, along the release trajectory140, and toward and/or along the trench31), such that the particle exit speed reaches a target particle exit speed. For example, the controller170may control a motor173, which is configured to drive rotation of the second particle disc84, to adjust/control the rotation rate of the second particle disc84(e.g., by outputting an output signal to the motor173indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the second particle disc84), thereby enabling the controller170to adjust/control the particle exit speed of the particles80. The controller170may control the particle exit speed of the particles80, such that the particle exit speed reaches the target particle exit speed. The controller170may determine the target particle exit speed of the particles80based on the type of the particles80, an input received from a user interface, and/or the ground speed of the row unit. The target particle exit speed may be any suitable speed, such one kilometer per hour (kph), two kph, three kph, five kph, ten kph, fifteen kph, twenty kph, etc. In certain embodiments, the controller170may determine the target particle exit speed as a target percentage of the ground speed of the row unit (e.g., thirty percent, fifty percent, seventy percent, eighty percent, ninety percent, ninety-five percent, one hundred percent, etc.).

To control the rotation rate of the second particle disc84, the controller170may receive an input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of the particle80at the release point138of the second particle disc84. For example, the controller170may receive the input signal from a particle sensor176of the particle delivery system40disposed adjacent to the release point138and along the release trajectory140. The particle exit speed may be a particle exit speed of one or more particles80(e.g., an mean, a median, a minimum, or a maximum of particle exit speeds of the one or more particles80). The particle sensor176may include an infrared sensor or another suitable type of sensor configured to output the input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of each particle80at the release point138. The particle sensor176may be positioned a fixed distance from the release point138of the second particle disc84, such that the controller170may determine the particle exit speed of the particle80at the release point138based on the fixed distance and the input signal indicative of the particle exit speed received from the particle sensor176(e.g., based on deceleration of the particle80traveling the fixed distance).

The controller170may compare the particle exit speed of the particle80at the release point138of the second particle disc84to the target particle exit speed to determine whether a difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds a threshold value. In response to determining that the particle exit speed at the release point138of the second particle disc84is less than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to increase the rotation rate of the second particle disc84. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor173to cause the motor173to increase the rotation rate of the second particle disc84. The increase in the rotation rate of the second particle disc84may increase the particle exit speed, such that the particle exit speed reaches the target particle exit speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed is less than the threshold value).

In response to determining that the particle exit speed at the release point138of the second particle disc84is greater than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the rotation rate of the second particle disc84. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor173to cause the motor173to decrease the rotation rate of the second particle disc84. The decrease in the rotation rate of the second particle disc84may decrease the particle exit speed, such that the particle exit speed reaches the target particle exit speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed is less than the threshold value).

In certain embodiments, the controller170is configured to control the air flow112provided by the air flow system100to adjust/control a particle transfer speed of each particle80expelled from the first particle disc82(e.g., from the release point96of the first particle disc82, along the release trajectory114, and toward the engagement point132of the second particle disc84), such that the particle transfer speed reaches a target particle transfer speed at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84. For example, the controller170may control the air flow device102, which is configured to provide the air flow112to accelerate each particle80along the release trajectory114. The controller170may determine the target particle transfer speed of the particles80based on the rotation rate of the second particle disc84and/or the type of the particles80. The target particle transfer speed may be any suitable speed, such one-tenth kph, one-half kph, one kph, two kph, three kph, five kph, ten kph, fifteen kph, twenty kph, etc. In certain embodiments, the controller170may determine the target particle transfer speed as a target percentage of the rotation rate of the second particle disc84(e.g., thirty percent, fifty percent, seventy percent, eighty percent, ninety percent, ninety-five percent, one hundred percent, etc.).

To control the air flow112provided by the air flow system100, the controller170may receive an input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84. For example, the controller170may receive the input signal from a particle sensor178of the particle delivery system40disposed within the particle transfer assembly130. The particle transfer speed may be a particle transfer speed of one or more particles80(e.g., an mean, a median, a minimum, or a maximum of particle transfer speeds of the one or more particles80). The particle sensor178may include an infrared sensor or another suitable type of sensor configured to output the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of each particle80at the engagement point132. The particle sensor178may be positioned a fixed distance from the engagement point132of the second particle disc84, such that the controller170may determine the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the engagement point132based on the fixed distance and the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed received from the particle sensor178(e.g., based on gravitational acceleration of the particle80traveling the fixed distance from the particle sensor178to the engagement point132of the second particle disc84).

The controller170may compare the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84to the target particle transfer speed to determine whether a difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds a threshold value. In response to determining that the particle transfer speed at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84is less than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to increase the flow rate of the air flow112provided by the air flow system100from the second air tube106. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the air flow device102to cause the air flow device102to increase the flow rate of the air flow112. The increase in the air flow rate may increase the particle transfer speed, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed is less than the threshold value).

In response to determining that the particle transfer speed at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84is greater than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the flow rate of the air flow112provided by the air flow system100. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the air flow device102to cause the air flow device102to decrease the flow rate of the air flow112. The decrease in the air flow rate may decrease the particle transfer speed, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed is less than the threshold value).

As illustrated, the controller170of the particle delivery system40includes a processor190and a memory192. The processor190(e.g., a microprocessor) may be used to execute software, such as software stored in the memory192for controlling the particle delivery system40(e.g., for controlling rotational speeds of the first particle disc82and the second particle disc84, and the air flow112provided by the air flow system100). Moreover, the processor190may include multiple microprocessors, one or more “general-purpose” microprocessors, one or more special-purpose microprocessors, and/or one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICS), or some combination thereof. For example, the processor190may include one or more reduced instruction set (RISC) or complex instruction set (CISC) processors.

The memory device192may include a volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), and/or a nonvolatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM). The memory device192may store a variety of information and may be used for various purposes. For example, the memory device192may store processor-executable instructions (e.g., firmware or software) for the processor190to execute, such as instructions for controlling the particle delivery system40. In certain embodiments, the controller170may also include one or more storage devices and/or other suitable components. The storage device(s) (e.g., nonvolatile storage) may include ROM, flash memory, a hard drive, or any other suitable optical, magnetic, or solid-state storage medium, or a combination thereof. The storage device(s) may store data (e.g., the target particle exit speed), instructions (e.g., software or firmware for controlling the particle delivery system40), and any other suitable data. The processor190and/or the memory device192, and/or an additional processor and/or memory device, may be located in any suitable portion of the system. For example, a memory device for storing instructions (e.g., software or firmware for controlling portions of the particle delivery system40) may be located in or associated with the particle delivery system40.

Additionally, the particle delivery system40includes a user interface194is communicatively coupled to the controller170. The user interface194may be configured to inform an operator of the particle exit speed of the particles80, to enable the operator to adjust the rotational speed of the first particle disc82and/or the spacing between the particles80, to enable the operator to adjust the rotational speed of the second particle disc84and/or the air flow112provided by the air flow system100, to provide the operator with selectable options of the type of particles80, and to enable other operator interactions. For example, the user interface194may include a display and/or other user interaction devices (e.g., buttons) configured to enable operator interactions.

FIG.4is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a process200for controlling the particle delivery system. The process200, or portions thereof, may be performed by the controller of the particle delivery system. The process200begins at block202, in which an input signal indicative of operating parameter(s) is received. For example, the operating parameters may include the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, a radius of one or more particle discs, a spacing between apertures of one or more particle discs, or a combination thereof. The input signal may be received from the user interface communicatively coupled to the controller, may be stored in the memory of the controller, may be received via sensor(s) of the row unit and/or the agricultural implement, may be received from a transceiver, or a combination thereof.

At block204, the target particle exit speed is determined. For example, the controller may determine the target particle exit speed of the particles based on the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, other operating parameter(s) received at block202, or a combination thereof. At block206, an input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of the particle at the release point of the second particle disc is received. For example, the controller may receive the input signal indicative of the particle exit speed from the particle sensor disposed adjacent to the release point of the second particle disc. In certain embodiments, the controller may receive multiple input signals from the particle sensor, in which each input signal is indicative of a particle exit speed of a respective particle. The controller may determine an average of the multiple particle exit speeds to determine the average particle exit speed of the particles at the release point. As such, the controller may account for variance among the particle exit speeds of multiple particles at the release point to reduce excessive control actions (e.g., adjustments to the rotation rate of the second particle disc).

At block208, a determination of whether a difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds a threshold value is made (e.g., by the controller). Additionally, a determination of whether the particle exit speed is less than or greater than the target particle exit speed is made (e.g., by the controller). The threshold value may be determined based on the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, and/or other factors. In response to the difference exceeding the threshold, the process200proceeds to block210. In response to the difference not exceeding the threshold, the process200returns to block206and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle exit speed.

At block210, in response to the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeding the threshold value, an output signal indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the second particle disc is output to the motor coupled to and configured to drive rotation of the second particle disc. For example, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to increase the rotation rate of the second particle disc based on a determination that the particle exit speed is less than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value. Further, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the rotation rate of the second particle disc based on a determination that the particle exit speed is greater than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value.

After completing block210, the process200returns to block206and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of the particle at the release point of the second particle disc. The next determination is made of whether the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value (e.g., block208), and the rotation rate of the second particle disc is adjusted in response to the determination. As such, blocks206-210of the process200may be iteratively performed (e.g., by the controller of the particle delivery system and/or by another suitable controller) to facilitate acceleration of the particles to the target particle exit speed. In some embodiments, certain blocks of the blocks202-210may be omitted from the process200, and/or the order of the blocks202-210may be different.

FIG.5is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a process220for controlling the particle delivery system. The process220, or portions thereof, may be performed by the controller of the particle delivery system. The process220begins at block222, in which an input signal indicative of operating parameter(s) is received. For example, the operating parameters may include the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, a radius of one or more particle discs, a spacing between apertures of one or more particle discs, or a combination thereof. The input signal may be received from the user interface communicatively coupled to the controller, may be stored in the memory of the controller, may be received via sensor(s) of the row unit and/or the agricultural implement, may be received from a transceiver, or a combination thereof.

At block224, the target particle transfer speed is determined. For example, the controller may determine the target particle transfer speed of the particles based on the type of the particles, the rotation rate of the second particle disc (e.g., the second particle disc having the engagement point configured to receive the particles traveling at the particle transfer speed), other operating parameter(s) received at block222, or a combination thereof. At block226, an input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle at the engagement point of the second particle disc is received. For example, the controller may receive the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed from the particle sensor disposed adjacent to the engagement point of the second particle disc. In certain embodiments, the controller may receive multiple input signals from the particle sensor, in which each input signal is indicative of a particle transfer speed of a respective particle. The controller may determine an average of the multiple particle transfer speeds to determine the average particle transfer speed of the particles at the engagement point. As such, the controller may account for variance among the particle transfer speeds of multiple particles at the engagement point to reduce excessive control actions (e.g., adjustments to the air flow provided by the air flow system).

At block228, a determination of whether a difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds a threshold value is made (e.g., by the controller). Additionally, a determination of whether the particle transfer speed is less than or greater than the target particle transfer speed is made (e.g., by the controller). The threshold value may be determined based on the type of the particles and/or the rotation rate of the second particle disc. In response to the difference exceeding the threshold, the process220proceeds to block230. In response to the difference not exceeding the threshold, the process220returns to block226and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed.

At block230, in response to the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeding the threshold value, an output signal indicative of instructions to adjust the flow rate of the air flow is output to the air flow device configured to provide the air flow. For example, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to increase the flow rate of the air flow provided by the air flow device (e.g., by the air flow device of the air flow system) based on a determination that the particle transfer speed is less than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value. Further, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the flow rate of the air flow provided by the air flow device based on a determination that the particle transfer speed is greater than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value.

After completing block230, the process220returns to block226and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle at the engagement point of the second particle disc. The next determination is made of whether the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value (e.g., block228), and the flow rate of the air flow provided by the air flow device is adjusted in response to the determination. As such, blocks226-230of the process220may be iteratively performed (e.g., by the controller of the particle delivery system and/or by another suitable controller) to facilitate acceleration of the particles to the target particle transfer speed and transfer of the particles between the first and second particle discs. In some embodiments, certain blocks of the blocks222-230may be omitted from the process220, and/or the order of the blocks222-230may be different.

FIG.6is a side view of another embodiment of a particle delivery system240that may be employed within the row unit ofFIG.2. As illustrated, the particle delivery system240includes the particle metering and singulation unit44, which includes the first particle disc82, configured to meter and establish the spacing between the particles80. The particle delivery system240also includes the second particle disc84configured to receive the particles80from the first particle disc82and to expel the particles80into the trench31. Additionally, the particle delivery system240includes the air flow system100configured to provide the vacuum along the first vacuum passage110adjacent to the first particle disc82, to remove the particles80from the first particle disc82and accelerate the particles80along the release trajectory114via the air flow112, and to provide the vacuum along the second vacuum passage150adjacent to the second particle disc84.

The particle delivery system240includes a particle transfer assembly242disposed generally between the release point96of the first particle disc82and the engagement point132of the second particle disc84. The particle transfer assembly242includes a particle transfer housing244coupled to the first disc housing120and to the second disc housing122, such that the particle transfer housing244, the first disc housing120, and the second disc housing122form a particle delivery housing246. The particle transfer assembly242is configured to accelerate and at least partially direct the particles80toward the second particle disc84(e.g., to the engagement point132of the second particle disc84) along a transfer trajectory248.

The particle transfer assembly242includes guide wheels250configured to rotate (e.g., in opposite directions) to drive the particles80downwardly along the transfer trajectory248. For example, each guide wheel250includes a wheel base252(e.g., a wheel, a gear, etc.) and paddles254coupled to the wheel base252. The wheel base252is configured to rotate to drive rotation of the paddles254. The paddles254are configured to contact the particles80flowing between the guide wheels250. As a paddle254contacts a respective particle80, the paddle254directs the particle80along the transfer trajectory248. Additionally, the paddles254are configured to accelerate the particles80, such that the particle transfer speed of the particles80reaches the target particle transfer speed. The paddles254may be formed from a resilient and flexible material (e.g., rubber, plastic, fabric, other materials, or a combination thereof) that enables the paddles254to flex in response to contact with the particles80and/or in response to rotation of the guide wheels250. In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include more or fewer guide wheels disposed generally between the particle discs and configured to guide and to accelerate the particles along the transfer trajectory (e.g., one guide wheel, three guide wheels, four guide wheels, six guide wheels, ten guide wheels, etc.). In some embodiments, the particle delivery system240may include both the air flow112and the particle transfer assembly242configured to progressively accelerate the particles80. In other embodiments, the air flow112may be omitted from the particle delivery system240.

In certain embodiments, the controller170is configured to control a rotation rate of the guide wheels250to adjust/control the particle transfer speed of the particles80along the transfer trajectory248and toward the engagement point132of the second particle disc84, such that the particle transfer speed reaches a target particle transfer speed at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84.

To control the rotation rate of the guide wheels250, the controller170may receive an input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84. For example, the controller170may receive the input signal from a particle sensor256of the particle delivery system40disposed within the particle transfer housing244adjacent to the particle transfer assembly242. The particle sensor256may include an infrared sensor or another suitable type of sensor configured to output the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of each particle80at the engagement point132. The particle sensor256may be positioned a fixed distance from the engagement point132of the second particle disc84, such that the controller170may determine the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the engagement point132based on the fixed distance and the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed received from the particle sensor256(e.g., based on gravitational acceleration of the particle80traveling the fixed distance from the particle sensor256to the engagement point132of the second particle disc84).

The controller170may compare the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84to the target particle transfer speed to determine whether a difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds a threshold value. In response to determining that the particle transfer speed at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84is less than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to increase the rotation rate of the guide wheels250. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to a motor260of the particle delivery system240coupled to and configured to drive rotation of the wheel base252of each guide wheel250to cause the motor260to increase the rotation rate of each guide wheel250. The increase in the rotation rate of the guide wheels250may increase the particle transfer speed, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed is less than the threshold value).

In response to determining that the particle transfer speed at the engagement point132of the second particle disc84is greater than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the rotation rate of the guide wheels250. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor260of the particle delivery system240to cause the motor260to decrease the rotation rate of each guide wheel250. The decrease in the rotation rate of the guide wheels250may decrease the particle transfer speed, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed is less than the threshold value). In certain embodiments, the controller170may control both the air flow112and the rotation rate of the guide wheels250to progressively accelerate the particles80, such that the particle transfer speed reach the target particle transfer speed. In other embodiments, the air flow112may omitted, and the controller170may control the rotation rate of the guide wheels250to accelerate the particles80.

FIG.7is a flow diagram of a further embodiment of a process280for controlling the particle delivery system. The process280, or portions thereof, may be performed by the controller of the particle delivery system. The process280begins at block282, in which an input signal indicative of operating parameter(s) is received. For example, the operating parameters may include the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, a radius of one or more particle discs, a spacing between apertures of one or more particle discs, or a combination thereof. The input signal may be received from the user interface communicatively coupled to the controller, may be stored in the memory of the controller, may be received via sensor(s) of the row unit and/or the agricultural implement, may be received from a transceiver, or a combination thereof.

At block284, the target particle transfer speed is determined. For example, the controller may determine the target particle transfer speed of the particles based on the type of the particles, the rotation rate of the second particle disc (e.g., the second particle disc having the engagement point configured to receive the particles traveling at the particle transfer speed), other operating parameter(s) received at block282, or a combination thereof. At block286, an input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle at the engagement point of the second particle disc is received. For example, the controller may receive the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed from the particle sensor disposed adjacent to the engagement point of the second particle disc. In certain embodiments, the controller may receive multiple input signals from the particle sensor, in which each input signal is indicative of a particle transfer speed of a respective particle. The controller may determine an average of the multiple particle transfer speeds to determine the average particle transfer speed of the particles at the engagement point. As such, the controller may account for variance among the particle transfer speeds of multiple particles at the engagement point to reduce excessive control actions (e.g., adjustments to the air flow provided by the air flow system).

At block288, a determination of whether a difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds a threshold value is made (e.g., by the controller). Additionally, a determination of whether the particle transfer speed is less than or greater than the target particle transfer speed is made (e.g., by the controller). The threshold value may be determined based on the type of the particles and/or the rotation rate of the second particle disc. In response to the difference exceeding the threshold, the process280proceeds to block290. In response to the difference not exceeding the threshold, the process280returns to block286and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed.

At block290, in response to the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeding the threshold value, an output signal indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the guide wheels is output to the motor coupled to and configured to drive rotation of the guide wheels. For example, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to increase the rotation rate of the guide wheels based on a determination that the particle transfer speed is less than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value. Further, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the rotation rate of the guide wheels based on a determination that the particle transfer speed is greater than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value.

After completing block290, the process280returns to block286and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle at the engagement point of the second particle disc. The next determination is made of whether the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value (e.g., block288), and the rotation rate of the guide wheels is adjusted in response to the determination. As such, blocks286-290of the process280may be iteratively performed (e.g., by the controller of the particle delivery system and/or by another suitable controller) to facilitate acceleration of the particles to the target particle transfer speed and transfer of the particles between the first and second particle discs. In some embodiments, certain blocks of the blocks282-290may be omitted from the process280, and/or the order of the blocks282-290may be different.

FIG.8is a side view of an embodiment of a particle delivery system300that may be employed within the row unit ofFIG.2. As illustrated, the particle delivery system300includes the particle metering and singulation unit44, which includes the first particle disc82, configured to meter and establish the spacing between the particles80. The particle delivery system300also includes a second particle disc302configured to accelerate and move the particles80to a particle belt304, and the particle belt304configured to accelerate and move the particles80toward the trench31. The second particle disc302is configured to rotate, as indicated by arrow306, to move the particles80to the particle belt304. The particle belt304is configured to rotate, as indicated by arrows308, to expel the particles80into the trench31.

As illustrated, the particle delivery system300includes an air flow system320having the air flow device102, the first air tube104fluidly coupled to the air flow device102, the second air tube106fluidly coupled to the air flow device102, and a third air tube322fluidly coupled to the air flow device102. The air flow system320is configured to reduce the air pressure within the first vacuum passage110positioned along a portion of the first particle disc82, thereby drawing the particles80from the particle hopper92toward and against the apertures90. As described above, the first air tube104is fluidly coupled to the air flow device102and to the first vacuum passage110, such that the air flow device102is configured to draw air through the apertures90, via the first air tube104, while the apertures90are aligned with the first vacuum passage110. At the release point96, the air flow system320provides, via the second air tube106, the first air flow112configured to remove each particle80from the respective aperture90(e.g., by overcoming the vacuum formed at the apertures90. The particles80are released from the first particle disc82along the release trajectory114. Rotation of the first particle disc82imparts a velocity on the particles along the release trajectory114, and the particles80accelerate downwardly along the release trajectory114under the influence of gravity.

The particle delivery system300includes the first disc housing120, a second disc housing330, and a belt housing332. The first particle disc82is disposed within and configured to rotate within the first disc housing120. The second particle disc302is disposed within and configured to rotate within the second disc housing330. The particle belt304is disposed within and configured to rotate within the belt housing332.

The particle delivery system300includes a first particle tube340coupled to the first disc housing120and the second disc housing330. The first particle tube340extends generally from the release point96to an engagement point342(e.g., a first engagement point) of the second particle disc302and is configured to at least partially direct the particles80from the first particle disc82(e.g., from the release point96of the first particle disc82) to the second particle disc302(e.g., to the engagement point342) along the release trajectory114. Additionally, the particle delivery system300includes a second particle tube344coupled to the second disc housing330and the belt housing332. The first particle tube340extends generally from a release point346(e.g., a second release point) of the second particle disc302to a particle engagement section348of the particle belt304and is configured to at least partially direct the particles80from the second particle disc302(e.g., from the release point346) to the particle belt304(e.g., to the particle engagement section348) along a transfer trajectory350. The particle belt is configured to expel the particles80from a particle exit section352of the particle belt304along a release trajectory354into the trench31. In certain embodiments, the first particle tube may be omitted, such that the particles flow from the release point of the first particle disc to the engagement point of the second particle disc, and/or the second particle disc may be omitted, such that the particles flow from the release point of the second particle disc to the particle engagement section of the particle belt.

The second particle disc302has apertures360configured to receive the particles80at the engagement point342of the second particle disc302. For example, each aperture360may receive a single particle80. The air flow system320is configured to reduce the air pressure within a second vacuum passage362positioned along a portion of the second particle disc302, thereby drawing the particles80toward and into the apertures360at the engagement point342. As illustrated, the third air tube322is fluidly coupled to the air flow device102and to the second vacuum passage362formed within the second disc housing330. The air flow device102is configured to draw air through the apertures360while the apertures360are aligned with the second vacuum passage362. As the second particle disc302rotates, the vacuum formed at the apertures360secures the particles80to the second particle disc302at the apertures360, such that the second particle disc302moves each particle80from the engagement point342to the release point346. At the release point346, the second vacuum passage362ends (e.g., the vacuum is removed, terminated, and/or occluded), and the particles80are released from the apertures360of the second particle disc302along the transfer trajectory350. In certain embodiments, in addition to or in place of removing the vacuum (e.g., the second vacuum passage ending), the air flow system may be configured to remove the particles from the particle disc via an air flow. The air flow system may be configured to accelerate the particles from the second particle disc toward the particle belt as the particles are removed from the second particle disc. In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include a first air flow device (e.g., a first vacuum source) configured to form the vacuum along the first vacuum passage to secure the particles to the first particle disc, and a second air flow device (e.g., a second vacuum source) configured to form the vacuum along the second vacuum passage to secure the particles to the second particle disc.

The particle belt304includes a base370and flights372coupled to and extending from the base370. Each pair of opposing flights372of the particle belt304is configured to receive a respective particle80at the particle engagement section348of the particle belt304and to move the respective particle80to the particle exit section352of the particle belt304.

As described above, the first particle disc82is configured to meter the particles80and to provide a spacing between the particles80. The spacing between the particles80when disposed within the trench31may enhance plant development and/or yield. Additionally, the particle delivery system300is configured to accelerate the particles80generally toward and along the trench31. The acceleration of the particles80by the particle delivery system300may enable the row unit to reduce a relative ground speed of the particles80compared to traditional row units that utilize seed tubes, which rely solely on gravity to accelerate the particles80for delivery to soil. For example, the particle delivery system300is configured to accelerate the particles80via the air flow system320, gravity, the second particle disc302, and the particle belt304. The air flow system320is configured to provide the first air flow112from the second air tube106to accelerate the particles80downwardly along the release trajectory114(e.g., the air flow system320may apply a force to the particles80via the first air flow112). Additionally, the particle delivery system300is configured to enable the particles80to accelerate under the influence of gravity as the particles80travel between the first particle disc82and the second particle disc302.

The second particle disc302is configured to accelerate the particles80received from the first particle disc82, such that a particle transfer speed of the particles80expelled from the second particle disc302along the transfer trajectory350toward the particle engagement section348of the particle belt304reaches a target particle transfer speed at the particle engagement section348. The particle transfer speed of the particles80may reach the target particle transfer speed when the particle transfer speed is equal to the target particle transfer speed, when the particle transfer speed passes (e.g., is greater than or less than) the target particle transfer speed, when the particle transfer speed is within a threshold value of the target particle transfer speed, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, as described above, the air flow system may provide an air flow at the release point of the second particle disc and/or into the second particle tube to accelerate the particles toward the particle engagement section of the particle belt, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed.

The particle belt304is configured to accelerate the particles80received from the second particle disc302, such that a particle exit speed of the particles80expelled from the particle belt304along the release trajectory354toward the trench31reaches a target particle exit speed. The particle exit speed of the particles80may reach the target particle exit speed when the particle exit speed is equal to the target particle exit speed, when the particle exit speed passes (e.g., is greater than or less than) the target particle exit speed, when the particle exit speed is within a threshold value of the target particle exit speed, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the particle belt304is configured to rotate faster than the second particle disc302to accelerate the particles80. For example, the particle belt304may rotate at a belt speed faster than a rotational speed of the second particle disc302(e.g., faster than a tangential speed of the apertures360of the second particle disc302).

In some embodiments, the particle belt304may be a particle transfer belt (e.g., a particle transport belt) configured to transfer (e.g., transport) the particles80from the second particle disc302to the trench31without accelerating the particles80. For example, the particle transfer speed of the particles80at the particle engagement section348may be generally equal to the particle exit speed of the particles80at the particle exit section352. In certain embodiments, rotation of the particle belt304may be controlled, such that the particle exit speed is within a threshold value of the particle transfer speed (e.g., such that a difference between the particle transfer speed and the particle exit speed is less than the threshold value).

In some embodiments, the particle delivery system may include additional particle disc(s) (e.g., in addition to the second particle disc302) and/or additional particle belt(s) (e.g., in addition to the particle belt304) configured to accelerate the particles toward and/or along the trench. Each particle disc and/or particle belt may rotate progressively faster, such that each progressive particle disc and/or particle belt imparts a greater velocity on each particle as the particle is released from the respective particle disc and/or particle belt.

As illustrated, the first particle disc82has fourteen apertures90. In certain embodiments, the first particle disc82may have more or fewer apertures90(e.g., one aperture90, two apertures90, three apertures90, six apertures90, twelve apertures90, twenty-four apertures90, etc.). Additionally, the second particle disc302has fourteen apertures360. In certain embodiments, the second particle disc302may have more or fewer apertures360(e.g., one aperture360, two apertures360, three apertures360, six apertures360, twelve apertures360, twenty-four apertures360, etc.). In some embodiments, the second particle disc302may have fewer apertures360than the apertures90of the first particle disc82. For example, the second particle disc302may include one aperture360, two apertures360, three apertures360, or six apertures360, while the first particle disc302may include eight apertures90, ten apertures90, twelve apertures90, sixteen apertures90, or twenty four apertures90. As illustrated, the first particle disc82and the second particle disc302each have a generally similar radius. In certain embodiments, the radius of the second particle disc302may be smaller the radius of the first particle disc82. For example, the radius of the second particle disc302may be two-thirds the radius of the first particle disc82, one-half the radius of the first particle disc82, one-third the radius of the first particle disc82, one-fourth the radius of the first particle disc82, etc. As such, the second particle disc302may have fewer apertures and a smaller radius compared to the first particle disc82and may rotate faster than the first particle disc82to progressively accelerate the particles80for deposition to the trench31. In embodiments with additional particle disc(s) configured to accelerate the particles80(e.g., additional particle discs disposed generally between the particle disc82and the particle belt304), each additional particle disc may be generally smaller, may have fewer apertures, and may rotate faster than the first particle disc82. Each additional particle disc disposed closer to the trench31than a previous particle disc may be generally smaller, may have fewer apertures, and/or may rotate faster than the previous particle disc.

In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include the particle transfer assembly between the second particle disc and the particle belt. For example, the particle tube extending between the release point of the second particle disc and the particle engagement section of the particle belt may be included in the particle transfer assembly. In some embodiments, the particle transfer assembly may include the guide wheels configured to rotate to accelerate the particles flowing from the release point of the second particle disc to the particle engagement section of the particle belt (e.g., in place of or in addition to the particle tube).

The particle delivery system300includes the controller170configured to control the rotation rate (e.g., the rotational speed) of the first particle disc82to adjust/control the spacing between the particles80. For example, as described above, the controller170may control the motor171, which is configured to drive rotation of the first particle disc82, to adjust/control the rotation rate of the first particle disc82(e.g., by outputting an output signal to the motor171indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the first particle disc82). Additionally, as described above, the controller170may be configured to control the first air flow112provided by the air flow system320to adjust/control a particle transfer speed (e.g., a first particle transfer speed) of each particle80expelled from the first particle disc82(e.g., from the release point96of the first particle disc82, along the release trajectory114, and toward the engagement point342of the second particle disc302), such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., a second target particle transfer speed) at the engagement point342.

Additionally, the controller170is configured to control the rotation rate of the second particle disc302to adjust/control the particle transfer speed (e.g., a second particle transfer speed) of the particles80expelled from the release point346of the second particle disc302, such that the particle transfer speed reaches a target particle transfer speed (e.g., a second target particle transfer speed) at the particle engagement section348of the particle belt304. For example, the controller170may control a motor380configured to drive rotation of the second particle disc302to adjust/control the rotation rate of the second particle disc302(e.g., by outputting an output signal to the motor380indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the second particle disc302), thereby enabling the controller170to adjust/control the particle transfer speed of the particles80. The controller170may control the particle transfer speed of the particles80, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed. The controller170may determine the target particle transfer speed of the particles80based on the type of the particles80, an input received from a user interface, a belt speed of the particle belt304, and/or the ground speed of the row unit. The target particle transfer speed may be any suitable speed, such one kilometer per hour (kph), two kph, three kph, five kph, ten kph, fifteen kph, twenty kph, etc. In certain embodiments, the controller170may determine the target particle transfer speed as a target percentage of the belt speed of the particle belt304and/or the ground speed of the row unit (e.g., thirty percent, fifty percent, seventy percent, eighty percent, ninety percent, ninety-five percent, one hundred percent, etc.).

To control the rotation rate of the second particle disc302, the controller170may receive an input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the particle engagement section348of the particle belt304. For example, the controller170may receive the input signal from a particle sensor382of the particle delivery system300disposed adjacent to the particle engagement section348and along the transfer trajectory350. The particle sensor382may be positioned a fixed distance from the particle engagement section348, such that the controller170may determine the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the particle engagement section348based on the fixed distance and the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed received from the particle sensor180(e.g., based on acceleration or deceleration of the particle80traveling the fixed distance).

The controller170may compare the particle transfer speed of the particle80at the particle engagement section348to the target particle transfer speed to determine whether a difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds a threshold value. In response to determining that the particle transfer speed at the particle engagement section348is less than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to increase the rotation rate of the second particle disc302. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor380to cause the motor380to increase the rotation rate of the second particle disc302. The increase in the rotation rate of the second particle disc302may increase the particle transfer speed, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed is less than the threshold value).

In response to determining that the particle transfer speed at the particle engagement section348is greater than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the rotation rate of the second particle disc302. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor380to cause the motor380to decrease the rotation rate of the second particle disc302. The decrease in the rotation rate of the second particle disc302may decrease the particle transfer speed, such that the particle transfer speed reaches the target particle transfer speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed is less than the threshold value).

Furthermore, the controller170is configured to control the belt speed of the particle belt304to adjust/control the particle exit speed of the particles80expelled from the particle belt304(e.g., from the particle exit section352of the particle belt304, along the release trajectory354, and toward and/or along the trench31), such that the particle exit speed reaches a target particle exit speed. For example, the controller170may control a wheel384, via a motor386, which is configured to drive rotation of the particle belt304, to adjust/control the belt speed of the particle belt304(e.g., by outputting an output signal to the motor386indicative of instructions to adjust the belt speed of the particle belt304), thereby enabling the controller170to adjust/control the particle exit speed of the particles80. The controller170may control the particle exit speed of the particles80, such that the particle exit speed reaches the target particle exit speed. The controller170may determine the target particle exit speed of the particles80based on the type of the particles80, an input received from a user interface, and/or the ground speed of the row unit. The target particle exit speed may be any suitable speed, such one kilometer per hour (kph), two kph, three kph, five kph, ten kph, fifteen kph, twenty kph, etc. In certain embodiments, the controller170may determine the target particle exit speed as a target percentage of the ground speed of the row unit (e.g., thirty percent, fifty percent, seventy percent, eighty percent, ninety percent, ninety-five percent, one hundred percent, etc.).

To control the belt speed of the particle belt304, the controller170may receive an input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of the particle80at the particle exit section352of the particle belt304. For example, the controller170may receive the input signal from the particle sensor176of the particle delivery system300disposed adjacent to the particle exit section352and along the release trajectory354. The particle sensor176may be positioned a fixed distance from the particle exit section352, such that the controller170may determine the particle exit speed of the particle80at the particle exit section352based on the fixed distance and the input signal indicative of the particle exit speed received from the particle sensor186(e.g., based on acceleration or deceleration of the particle80traveling the fixed distance).

The controller170may compare the particle exit speed of the particle80at the particle exit section352to the target particle exit speed to determine whether a difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds a threshold value. In response to determining that the particle exit speed at the particle exit section352is less than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to increase the belt speed of the particle belt304. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor386to cause the motor386to increase the belt speed of the particle belt304. The increase in the belt speed of the particle belt304may increase the particle exit speed, such that the particle exit speed reaches the target particle exit speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed is less than the threshold value).

In response to determining that the particle exit speed at the particle exit section352of the particle belt304is greater than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value, the controller170may output an output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the belt speed of the particle belt304. For example, the controller170may output the output signal to the motor386to cause the motor386to decrease the belt speed of the particle belt304. The decrease in the belt speed of the particle belt304may decrease the particle exit speed, such that the particle exit speed reaches the target particle exit speed (e.g., such that the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed is less than the threshold value).

FIG.9is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a process400for controlling the particle delivery system. The process400, or portions thereof, may be performed by the controller of the particle delivery system. The process400begins at block402, in which an input signal indicative of operating parameter(s) is received. For example, the operating parameters may include the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, a radius of one or more particle discs, a spacing between apertures of one or more particle discs, a length of one or more particle belts, a spacing between flights of one or more particle belts, a distance between one or more particle discs and/or one or more particle belts, or a combination thereof. The input signal may be received from the user interface communicatively coupled to the controller, may be stored in the memory of the controller, may be received via sensor(s) of the row unit and/or the agricultural implement, may be received from a transceiver, or a combination thereof.

At block404, the target particle transfer speed (e.g., the second target particle transfer speed) is determined. For example, the controller may determine the target particle transfer speed of the particles based on the type of the particles, the belt speed of the particle belt, other operating parameter(s) received at block402, or a combination thereof. At block406, an input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle at the particle engagement section of the particle belt is received. For example, the controller may receive the input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed from the particle sensor disposed adjacent to the particle engagement section of the particle belt. In certain embodiments, the controller may receive multiple input signals from the particle sensor, in which each input signal is indicative of a particle transfer speed of a respective particle. The controller may determine an average of the multiple particle transfer speeds to determine the average particle transfer speed of the particles at the particle engagement section. As such, the controller may account for variance among the particle transfer speeds of multiple particles at the particle engagement section to reduce excessive control actions (e.g., adjustments to the rotation rate of the second particle disc).

At block408, a determination of whether a difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds a threshold value is made (e.g., by the controller). Additionally, a determination of whether the particle transfer speed is less than or greater than the target particle transfer speed is made (e.g., by the controller). The threshold value may be determined based on the type of the particles and/or the belt speed of the particle belt. In response to the difference exceeding the threshold, the process400proceeds to block410. In response to the difference not exceeding the threshold, the process400returns to block406and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed.

At block410, in response to the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeding the threshold value, an output signal indicative of instructions to adjust the rotation rate of the second particle disc is output to the motor coupled to and configured to drive rotation of the second particle disc. For example, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to increase the rotation rate of the second particle disc based on a determination that the particle transfer speed is less than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value. Further, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the rotation rate of the second particle disc based on a determination that the particle transfer speed is greater than the target particle transfer speed and the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value.

After completing block410, the process400returns to block406and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle transfer speed of the particle at the particle engagement section of the particle belt. The next determination is made of whether the difference between the particle transfer speed and the target particle transfer speed exceeds the threshold value (e.g., block408), and the rotation rate of the second particle disc is adjusted in response to the determination. As such, blocks406-410of the process280may be iteratively performed (e.g., by the controller of the particle delivery system and/or by another suitable controller) to facilitate acceleration of the particles to the target particle transfer speed and transfer of the particles between the second particle disc and the particle belt. In some embodiments, certain blocks of the blocks282-290may be omitted from the process280, and/or the order of the blocks282-290may be different.

FIG.10is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a process420for controlling the particle delivery system. The process420, or portions thereof, may be performed by the controller of the particle delivery system. The process420begins at block422, in which an input signal indicative of operating parameter(s) is received. For example, the operating parameters may include the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, a radius of one or more particle discs, a spacing between apertures of one or more particle discs, a length of one or more particle belts, a spacing between flights of one or more particle belts, a distance between one or more particle discs and/or one or more particle belts, or a combination thereof. The input signal may be received from the user interface communicatively coupled to the controller, may be stored in the memory of the controller, may be received via sensor(s) of the row unit and/or the agricultural implement, may be received from a transceiver, or a combination thereof.

At block424, the target particle exit speed is determined. For example, the controller may determine the target particle exit speed of the particles based on the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, other operating parameter(s) received at block422, or a combination thereof. At block426, an input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of the particle at the particle exit section of the particle belt is received. For example, the controller may receive the input signal indicative of the particle exit speed from the particle sensor disposed adjacent to the particle exit section of the particle belt. In certain embodiments, the controller may receive multiple input signals from the particle sensor, in which each input signal is indicative of a particle exit speed of a respective particle. The controller may determine an average of the multiple particle exit speeds to determine the average particle exit speed of the particles at the particle exit section. As such, the controller may account for variance among the particle exit speeds of multiple particles at the release point to reduce excessive control actions (e.g., adjustments to the belt speed of the particle belt).

At block428, a determination of whether a difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds a threshold value is made (e.g., by the controller). Additionally, a determination of whether the particle exit speed is less than or greater than the target particle exit speed is made (e.g., by the controller). The threshold value may be determined based on the type of the particles, the ground speed of the row unit, and/or other factors. In response to the difference exceeding the threshold, the process420proceeds to block430. In response to the difference not exceeding the threshold, the process420returns to block426and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle exit speed.

At block430, in response to the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeding the threshold value, an output signal indicative of instructions to adjust the belt speed of the particle belt is output to the motor coupled to the wheel configured to drive rotation of the particle belt. For example, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to increase the belt speed of the particle belt based on a determination that the particle exit speed is less than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value. Further, the controller may output the output signal indicative of instructions to decrease the belt speed of the particle belt based on a determination that the particle exit speed is greater than the target particle exit speed and the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value.

After completing block430, the process420returns to block426and receives the next input signal indicative of the particle exit speed of the particle at the particle exit section of the particle belt. The next determination is made of whether the difference between the particle exit speed and the target particle exit speed exceeds the threshold value (e.g., block428), and the belt speed of the particle belt is adjusted in response to the determination. As such, blocks426-430of the process420may be iteratively performed (e.g., by the controller of the particle delivery system and/or by another suitable controller) to facilitate acceleration of the particles to the target particle exit speed. In some embodiments, certain blocks of the blocks422-430may be omitted from the process420, and/or the order of the blocks422-430may be different.

Embodiments of a particle delivery system described herein may facilitate deposition of particles into a trench in soil. The particle delivery system may be configured to accelerate the particles downwardly toward and along the trench and to provide particular spacings between the particles along the trench. For example, the particle delivery system may include a first particle disc configured to meter individual particles, thereby establishing a particular spacing between particles. The first particle disc may be configured to release the particles from a release point of the first particle disc. A second particle disc may be configured to receive the particles from the first particle disc at an engagement point of the second particle disc. The second particle disc may be configured to transport the particles from the engagement point toward a release point of the second particle disc. At the release point of the second particle disc, the second particle disc may be configured to deliver and/or propel the particles into the trench in the soil. For example, the second particle disc may accelerate the particles to a speed greater than a speed resulting from gravitational acceleration alone. Additionally, the second particle disc may accelerate the particles such that the particle delivery system reduces the relative ground speed of the particles. As such, the second particle disc may enable the row unit to travel faster than traditional row units that utilize seed tubes, which rely on gravity to accelerate the particles (e.g., seeds) for delivery to soil. For example, the particle delivery system may achieve higher application rates of the particles compared to traditional row units, thereby enabling the row unit having the particle delivery system to travel faster than traditional row units.

In certain embodiments, the particle delivery system may include a particle belt in addition to the first particle disc and the second particle disc. For example, the particle belt may be configured to receive the particles from the second particle disc at a particle engagement section of the particle belt. The particle belt may be configured to transport the particles from the particle engagement section toward a particle exit section of the particle belt. At the particle exit section, the particle belt may be configured to deliver and/or propel the particles into the trench in the soil. For example, the particle belt may accelerate the particles to a speed greater than a speed resulting from gravitational acceleration alone. Additionally, the particle belt may accelerate the particles such that the particle delivery system reduces the relative ground speed of the particles. Further, the particle belt may rotate faster than the second particle disc, such that the second particle disc and the particle belt progressively accelerate the particles. As such, the particle belt may enable the row unit to travel faster than traditional row units that utilize seed tubes, which rely on gravity to accelerate the particles (e.g., seeds) for delivery to soil. For example, the particle delivery system may achieve higher application rates of the particles compared to traditional row units, thereby enabling the row unit having the particle delivery system to travel faster than traditional row units.