Composite panel

A composite panel from which an internal bathtub casing can be manufactured by deep drawing, in which a coating of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, acrylic glass) is placed on a substrate of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in particular, which coating is provided with a top coat which consists of 30-70 weight % polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the remainder of poly(methyl methacrylate).

FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to a composite panel from which an internal bathtub 
casing can be manufactured by deep drawing, whereby a coating of 
poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, acrylic glass) is placed on a substrate 
of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in particular. 
EP-A-0 225 500 discloses an option for fabricating internal bathtub 
casings, the quality of which is approximately equivalent to that of 
poured acrylic glass, by appropriate selection of the melt index of an 
acrylic layer coextruded with a substrate made of ABS. A measure of the 
quality of the insert in this case is the number of filling cycles with 
hot and cold water that the bathtub can be subjected to according to the 
relevant CEN specifications until the first fine hairline cracks are 
perceptible. In this type of test, the bathtub is filled alternately with 
hot water of 95.degree. C. and cold water of 12.degree. C., whereby the 
test conditions are precisely specified.

The invention proceeds from the knowledge that the specified tests are not 
sufficiently realistic in this respect, because they do not take into 
account the effect of aggressive solvents, permitted in many countries as 
a component of cleaning agents, on the appearance and the mechanical 
properties of the internal casing. The invention thus had as its object 
the raising of the chemical resistance of internal bathtub casings at the 
lowest possible additional cost, without losing other features of the 
standard already achieved according to EP-A-0 225 500. 
One approach to this problem was to provide the coating of acrylic glass 
with a top coat which consists of 30-70 weight % polyvinylidene fluoride 
(PVDF), and the remainder of poly(methyl methacrylate). 
Surprisingly, a thickness substantially less than 0.5 mm, for example, even 
of 0.1 mm, is sufficient for a coating layer. Despite the extremely low 
thickness of the top coat, the manufacture of the novel composite panel 
succeeds with the use of an extrusion process, if, as described in EP-A-0 
225 500, the substrate, the coating, and the top coat are coextruded 
through a flat sheet die, whereby the materials forming the three layers 
are fed directly into the flat sheet die through different channels, the 
width of which corresponds to the final product. 
Both the good chemical properties and the extrudability of PVDF are known 
per se; however, if one were to apply a top coat of pure PVDF to the 
acrylic glass coating of the composite panel (cf. DE-A 2938462), then the 
brilliance conferred by the acrylic glass to the composite panel is lost, 
because pure PVDF is optically not transparent, but rather merely 
translucent with an inherent milky color. It was altogether surprising 
that the top coat is given a brilliance and hardness, equal to that of a 
panel without a top coat, by the proposed addition of methacrylate. It was 
also totally unexpected that the application of a top coat of this slight 
thickness substantially increases the number of filling cycles according 
to the test described above; this is probably attributable to the fact 
that a PVDF employed specifically for this purpose has an elongation at 
break of 600% so that the mixture embodying the invention is less brittle 
and has a lower tendency for forming hairline cracks than pure acrylic 
glass. The observed excellent bonding between the top coat and the acrylic 
glass coating is attributed to the fact that the top coat consists to a 
large extent of the same material as the coating. 
Further details of the invention will be more fully described hereinbelow 
in one embodiment of the invention. 
DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION 
The novel composite panel may, for example, consist of a bearing panel 
several millimeters thick and consisting optionally of acrylate-reinforced 
ABS. The next coat is a 1- to 2-mm-thick layer of ABS, which forms the 
substrate for a coating of acrylic glass (PMMA) 1.2 mm thick. The novel 
mixture of acrylic glass and PVDF serves as the top coat. 
PVDF employed in the sense of the invention is marketed, for example, by 
Pennwalt under the name Kynar.RTM. 740/741. This material has a melt 
viscosity of 21,000 poise at a shear rate of 100 sec.sup.-1 at 232.degree. 
C. 
The efforts to optimize the mixture ratio in the top coat are not yet 
completed, but substantial improvements over the prior art described in 
EP-A-0 225 500 have already been achieved with values of 60% PVDF and 40% 
PMMA; these improvements more than justify the cost of the relatively 
expensive PVDF and the application of an additional layer.