Adjustable ergonomic keyboard

An adjustable keyboard having a number of keys is formed in at least two segments which are mutually movable relative- to one another using a hinge or joint. Each of the segments of the keyboard has keys mounted thereon. The adjustable nature of the keyboard reduces stress and discomfort to the user by reducing contortion to the user's wrists. More particularly, discomfort to the user caused by pronation of the wrists and/or ulnar deviation of the wrists is reduced. The hinge or joint is in the form of a ball and socket-type joint with a locking mechanism, which preferably includes a pivoted handle, in the form of a lever, used for locking and unlocking the hinge or joint. The surface of at least one of the ball and socket of the joint define a plurality of recesses or a plurality of projections, to provide increased resistance to joint movement.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The following invention relates to keyboards, and more particularly to a keyboard formed in mutually pivotable segments, which may be adjusted and locked into different ergonomic positions.

2. Description of the Related Art

Keyboards of the type used at computer terminals conventionally include a unitary board onto which alphanumeric keys are attached. It is often a disadvantage of such conventional keyboards that the wrists and/or arms and shoulders of a human user must be contorted into a configuration which may be stressful, particularly after prolonged use of the keyboard. This problem is brought about by the fact that, in most conventional unitary keyboard designs and key arrangements, the hands of the user must be turned outwardly by pivoting of the wrists relative to the forearms, resulting in ulnar deviation. Discomfort to the user caused by pronation of the wrists is also a problem with these conventional keyboards. Pronated postures can also transmit stresses into the neck and shoulders of the user.

It is generally desirable to reduce pronation and ulnar deviation of the wrists in computer keyboards. To that end, U.S. Pat. No. 6,984,081 describes adjustable keyboards with at least two segments which are movable relative to one another via a hinge or joint. By moving the segments, the orientation of the user's wrists and hands can be adjusted to allow for reduction of ulnar deviation and pronation of the wrists. Successful commercial embodiments generally in accord with such a design include the Goldtouch® adjustable keyboard and the Goldtouch Go!™ travel keyboard, both available from KeyOvation, LLC, Cedar Park, Tex.

Unfortunately, while adjustable ergonomic keyboards such as the aforementioned Goldtouch keyboard (and competing designs) provide desktop users with practical options to reduce pronation and ulnar deviation that may otherwise be associated with use of conventional unitary detached keyboards, portable computing devices (including laptop-, notebook- or netbook-type computers) have few options other than connection (e.g., by USB cable) of an auxiliary adjustable ergonomic keyboard. For some users, this may not be an attractive solution.

Accordingly, improved ergonomic keyboard solutions are desired.

SUMMARY

There is disclosed a keyboard having a plurality of keys, the keyboard having at least two segments that are mutually movable relative to one another, and wherein each segment of the keyboard includes some of the keys. Typically, the keyboard has at least two mutually pivotable segments which are attached to one another at a top end of the keyboard segments by way of a hinge or joint, such that a front edge of the keyboard may spread apart or “splay” in at least a substantially horizontal plane, to thereby reduce ulnar deviation in the keyboard user. Advantageously, the hinge or joint is adapted to allow pivoting in both horizontal and vertical planes such that the two segments of the keyboard may reside in different planes, so that the center of the keyboard is raised to reduce pronation and therefore decrease tension in the wrists and forearms of the user.

The hinge or joint may preferably be composed of a ball and socket joint which includes a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism can include a button, lever or other actuator operable on either of the segments or at the joint itself, to selectively free and lock the joint. In a particular embodiment, the locking mechanism may be fashioned using a pivoting handle, in the form of a lever, which includes a cam. The cam may be used to force bearing surfaces against a ball joint element, to thereby frictionally retain a ball and socket joint in a selected fixed position. Upon pivoting of the handle away from the keyboard, the cam may release the ball from the friction fit with the bearing surfaces, thereby allowing the ball to slide in the socket, and therefore allowing the keyboard segments to be adjusted relative to one another.

Similarly, a spring or other biasing mechanism may apply a locking force to the ball and socket, which force may be overcome by manual or automated actuators to temporarily allow mobility in the joint. In a particular embodiment, a button adjacent the joint allows for single-handed release, adjustment, and locking of the joint.

In some implementations, a friction surface of at least one of the ball and the socket of the joint define a plurality of recesses or projections to provide increased resistance to movement of the joint. In particular, the recesses and/or projections increase shear resistance to relative movement of the ball and socket.

In some implementations, one of the ball and socket define recesses or dimples and the other of the ball and socket define complimentary projections. The recesses and projections cooperate to provide shear resistance to movement of the ball within the socket.

In some implementations, one of the ball and socket define recesses or projections and the other of the ball and socket comprises a resilient surface material that at least partially conforms to the recesses or projections when the ball and socket are under compression.

In some implementations, the ball and socket are moveable between discrete positions in which projections or other surface features on one of the ball and the socket engage recesses or other complementary surface features on the other of the ball and socket. For example, projections may be arranged in ridges or grid-like patterns across a portion of the face of the ball with corresponding valleys or recess grids being formed on a portion of the socket that receives the ball. The recesses can receive the projections in a first locked position and the projections may be unseated from the recesses to allow repositioning of the ball and socket and the corresponding keyboard segments in a new locked position. Accordingly, a variety of surface features may be used on at least one of the ball and socket of a ball-and-socket joint to provide increased resistance to joint movement. Similarly, a variety of surface features may likewise be used on other types of cooperating surfaces and in other types of joints.

In some cases, the ball and socket are lockable in discreet positions or in a range of positions via a locking mechanism. In a particular case, the locking mechanism applies pressure to the ball and socket to increase the friction and/or shear resistance in the joint. In some cases, the ball and socket are held with sufficient pressure to remain fixed under normal typing forces, yet are moveable into various positions by overcoming the frictional and/or shear resistance of the joint, e.g., by forcing the keyboard segments into a desired position. Overcoming the resistance of the joint can include pivoting the first and second keyboard segments. Alternatively, overcoming the resistance of the joint can include applying a separating force, e.g., by pulling outward on each of the two keyboard segments.

In some cases, a support may be provided generally below the ball and socket joint so as to maintain the central region of the keyboard at a raised preselected level, if desired.

Beneficially, a number pad region of the keyboard can be provided which is pivotable relative to one of the segments such that the number pad region may reside in a plane other than the plane of the segment to which the number pad is hinged.

Typically, the keyboard is divided into segments that coincide with generally accepted keyboard areas used by a particular hand.

The present invention provides a keyboard in which the wrists of the operator need not be contorted as they would be in use of a conventional keyboard.

In order to electrically connect the keys of one segment of the keyboard to the other, a cable or other suitable wired or wireless connection may be provided between the two segments. Additionally, an infrared or electromagnetic signal may be used to transmit signals from the keyboard to the computing device without the need for a cable or other physical connection.

It has been discovered that an integrated, yet adjustable ergonomic keyboard may be provided using a design that accommodates simultaneous tenting and splaying of first and second keyboard segments that each include on an upper surface thereof respective subsets of keys that together define a generally complete alphanumeric keyboard. In some embodiments, a retainer extends from each of the first and second keyboard segments to retain the respective keyboard segment with respect to a base support. In general, the base support may include a stand-alone desktop platform or be integral (or integrable) with a portable computing device. The respective retainers allow the corresponding retained keyboard segment to rotate thereabout and to travel laterally with respect to the base support while retained. A joint couples the keyboard segments and allows the keyboard segments to pivot relative to one another.

Upward travel of the joint generally allows the keyboard segments to pitch or “tent”, while at least one of the retainers allows an outer edge of the respective keyboard segment to travel laterally in correspondence with the tenting. Lateral travel of the joint (typically in a direction toward a human user) allows the keyboard segments to splay while each rotates correspondingly around an axis of a respective one of the retainers. Working together, the joint and retainers allow the keyboard segments to simultaneously tent and splay, while retained with respect to the base support. Notwithstanding the forgoing, tenting-only or splaying-only embodiments or configurations may be provided, if desired.

In some embodiments, the keyboard segments may be supplied in a configuration suitable for integration with a stand-alone base or a portable computing device, while in others, the keyboard segments may be integrated with such a base or portable computing device when supplied.

In general, a variety of attachment configurations are contemplated. For example, in some embodiments, retainers are generally fixed to respective keyboard segments and opposing ends of the retainers are allowed to travel in suitably defined channels. For example, in some embodiments, channels are defined in the upper surface of the base support, one end of each of the retainers is connected to a respective one of the keyboard segments, and respective ones of the channels allow lateral travel of respective ones of the retainers across a portion of the upper surface in correspondence with tenting of the keyboard segments. In some embodiments, suitable channels are instead defined in a lower surface of the keyboard segments. In some such embodiments, respective ones of the channels allow lateral travel of the keyboard segments with respect to respective ones of the retainers, while an opposing end of each of the retainers is generally fixed to the base support. As before, the base support may include a stand-alone desktop platform or be integral (or integrable) with a portable computing device.

In some embodiments, in a stowed position, the keyboard segments are retained at a first, closely spaced distance from the upper surface, whereas in one or more deployed positions, the keyboard segments are retained at a distance from the upper surface that exceeds the first distance and accommodates tenting action of the keyboard segments. In some variations, deployed positions include at least one shifted forward keyboard position. In some cases, the retainers may also permit the keyboard segments to be shifted or slid forward relative to a support structure.

In some embodiments, springs concentric with the retainers are used to urge the keyboard segments from the stowed position to at least one of the deployed positions. In some embodiments, the keyboard is moveable between stowed and deployed positions without the need for a spring or other biasing means. In some embodiments, one or more latches are provided to retain the keyboard segments in the stowed position.

In some embodiments, a generally planar surface is provided that is suitable for desktop use or for affixing to an upper surface of a portable computing device, wherein the retainers are coupled to the generally planar surface. In some cases, the generally planar surface is configured as a keyboard attachment platform that itself provides stowed and deployed positions. In some cases, one or more channels (such as previously described) are defined in the generally planar surface and one end of each of the retainers is connected to a respective one of the keyboard segments. The respective channel then allows lateral travel of respective ones of the retainers across a portion of the generally planar surface in correspondence with tenting of the keyboard segments. In other cases, one or more channels may instead be defined in a lower surface of the keyboard segments. Respective ones of the channels then allow lateral travel of the keyboard segments with respect to respective ones of the retainers, and opposing ends of each of the retainers are attached to the base support.

In some embodiments, retainers each include, at a first end thereof, a surface frictionally engageable to restrict travel of the respective retainer in a corresponding channel. In some embodiments, a locking mechanism is used to urge the frictionally engageable surfaces into a held position and thereby maintaining the keyboard segments in a tented position, a splayed position or a tented and splayed position. Frictionally engageable surfaces of the retainers may exhibit an at least partially convex profile, particularly if desirable to accommodate (at the corresponding end) at least some rotational freedom of movement. Likewise, the retainers each include at a second end thereof an at least partially convex end cap suitable for attaching the corresponding retainer while still allowing rotation freedom of movement in correspondence with tenting action of the keyboard segments.

In some embodiments, keyboard positional locking may be accomplished by a combination of joint and retainer locking mechanism that may be individually or jointly operable.

Another aspect of the invention features a portable computing device including a body portion; a screen containing lid portion hingedly attached to the body portion. The body portion presents a generally planar keyboard attachment surface or base support having channels defined therein to receive retainers extending upward toward respective first and second keyboard segments pivotably coupled at a joint. The channels are adapted to retain the respective retainers while allowing the retainers to travel laterally with respect to the keyboard attachment surface in correspondence with tenting and splaying of the keyboard segments. The keyboard segments each include on an upper surface thereof a respective subset of keys that together define a generally complete alphanumeric keyboard.

In some implementations the respective retainers allow the corresponding retained keyboard segment to rotate thereabout and to travel laterally with respect to the keyboard attachment surface while retained.

Another aspect of the invention features an apparatus including first and second keyboard segments each including on an upper surface thereof respective subsets of keys that together define a generally complete alphanumeric keyboard. A retainer extends from each of the first and second keyboard segments to retain the respective keyboard segment with respect to a base support. The respective retainers allow the corresponding retained keyboard segment to rotate thereabout and at least one of the retained keyboard segments to travel laterally with respect to the base support. A joint couples the keyboard segments and allows the keyboard segments to pivot relative to one another. The joint and/or the movable retainer can serve to fix the segments in a desired position.

In some implementations, upward travel of the joint allows the keyboard segments to tent, and at least one of the retainers allows an outer edge of the respective keyboard segment to travel laterally relative to the base support in correspondence with the tenting. Substantially lateral travel of the joint allows the keyboard segments to splay while each rotating correspondingly around a respective one of the retainers.

In some cases, the base support is an upper surface of a portable computing device. The base support defines at least one channel and each of the retainers is connected to a respective one of the keyboard segments, and wherein the respective channel allows lateral travel of the respective retainer across a portion of the base support in correspondence with tenting of the keyboard segments.

In some implementations, at least one of the retainers includes at a first end thereof a surface frictionally or matingly engageable with the base support to restrict travel of the respective retainer in a corresponding channel.

In some implementations, the base support is a stand alone base and the apparatus is configured as a peripheral input device.

In some implementations, first and second data output connectors are positioned respectively on the first and second keyboard segments adjacent the respective retainers. In some cases, both the respective retainer and data output connector are positioned substantially in an upper-outer quadrant of the respective keyboard segment.

In a particular implementation, the keyboard segments are configured to allow for at least one of splaying of about 30 degrees and tenting of about 30 degrees.

Another aspect of the invention features a portable computing device including a body portion and a screen containing lid portion hingedly attached to the body portion. The body portion presents a keyboard attachment surface having at least one channel defined therein to receive a retainer of one of a respective first and second keyboard segment pivotably coupled at a joint, the channel adapted to allow the retainer to travel laterally with respect to the keyboard attachment surface in correspondence with tenting and splaying of the keyboard segments.

In some implementations, a respective retainer allows the corresponding retained keyboard segment to rotate thereabout and to travel laterally with respective to the keyboard attachment surface.

In some implementations, the keyboard is configured to allow for at least one of splaying of about 30 degrees and tenting of about 30 degrees.

In some implementations, closure of the screen containing laptop lid returns the keyboard to a stowed position. In some implementations, the laptop lid is prevented from closing while the keyboard is in a deployed position.

In some implementations, the keyboard is disposed within a recess in the laptop body such that the edges of the keyboard are disposed adjacent or below an upper portion of the laptop body. In some cases, a bezel surrounds or partially encloses the keyboard retained in the laptop body.

While the forgoing represents a description of certain illustrative embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the appended claims recite features of the present invention(s), and that additional embodiments are contemplated and may fall within the scope of the claims. Some aspects of the present invention, and in particular some exemplary pivoting motions of a ball and socket type joint used to connect first and second keyboard sections while allowing the tenting and splaying actions described herein will be understood by reference to U.S. Pat. No. 6,984,084 to Goldstein et al., the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference toFIGS. 1A,1B, an adjustable ergonomic keyboard2is integrated with a portable computer or a laptop4. Keyboard2includes first and second keyboard segments6,8. Keyboard segments6,8are attached to one another at a top portion by a hinge or joint10such that segments6,8are mutually pivotable. Joint10provides multiple degrees of freedom of movement between segments6,8. Advantageously, joint10is adapted to allow pivoting in both horizontal and vertical planes of the adjacent coupled keyboard segments6,8. Joint10may be a ball and socket joint, living hinge, or combination of joints or structures suitable to couple segments6,8with the described degrees of freedom. Joint10may be lockable to fix segments6,8in a desired position.

With reference toFIG. 1A, keyboard2may be inset or retained in a first stowed position “A” during transport of laptop4or during use of keyboard2in a conventional keyboard position. With reference toFIG. 1B, keyboard2is moveable from the stored position “A” to a partially deployed position “B,” in which segments6,8are spaced with sufficient clearance from the body of laptop4to permit pivoting between segments6,8in the horizontal and/or vertical planes. For example, keyboard2may “pop-up” an initial distance from the body of laptop4into partially deployed position “B” to provide such clearance. Such “pop-up” deployment may be provided, for example, by release of a spring loaded stowed locking mechanism. In some implementations, the laptop body provides sufficient clearance for tenting and/or splaying without the need for initial “pop-up” clearance.

In partially deployed position “B,” adjustable integrated ergonomic keyboard2is in an unlocked position to be freely moved to a desired operating position. In alternative implementations, the body of laptop4may be configured to allow pivoting of segments6,8directly from a stored position, for example, by providing sufficient clearance from laptop body contours surrounding keyboard2.

Note that in some embodiments, such as that illustrated inFIGS. 2-3, surface contours of the laptop body may accommodate motion between stored and deployed positions. Such surface contours may include, for example, tapered or rounded undercuts at the periphery of keyboard2and/or recesses in the laptop body adjacent the periphery of keyboard2.

In some embodiments, such as that illustrated inFIGS. 4-5, it may be advantageous for keyboard2(or the laptop body) to be adapted to allow initial tenting motion to then provide additional clearance for splaying motion. For example, with reference toFIG. 4, keyboard2is initially movable from a stowed inset position within a recess in the laptop body to a tented position C within the recess. With reference toFIG. 5, keyboard2is then movable from tented position C to a tented and splayed position D. In the tented and splayed position D, a portion of the keyboard extends beyond the recess in the laptop body over a portion of the laptop body that is adjacent the keyboard when in the stowed position. Thus, keyboard2may be movable to partially extend over a bezel, laptop cover or other structure provided along an outer edge of keyboard2. In some cases, a portion of the keyboard may extend under an adjacent bezel or cover portion in the stowed position, for example, to aid in locking the keyboard in the stowed position.

In some cases, surface contours of a portion of the laptop body cover or bezel adjacent keyboard2may include, for example, tapered or rounded contours at the periphery of keyboard2to provide clearance for splaying of the keyboard segments. As previously discussed, vertical keyboard segment movement may also be used to provide clearance for splaying of the keyboard segments.

With continued reference toFIG. 2, segments6,8are pivotable within a vertical plane so that the center of keyboard2is elevated or pitched to a “tented” position “C.” Tented position “C” reduces pronation and decreases tension in the wrists and forearms of the user. Joint10can be a ball and socket joint providing a range of movement in both the vertical and horizontal planes. In a particular implementation, joint10allows tenting of at least about thirty degrees between base support14and segments6,8. Similarly, joint10allows splaying of about thirty degrees between segments6,8.

Keyboard2with joint10preferably allows users to select a desired combination of tenting and splaying positions within a full ergonomically acceptable range. In some implementations, users may alternatively select an operational keyboard position from a combination of available discrete vertical and horizontal positions. Such positioning may be achieved using multiple joints providing discrete degrees of freedom. Further discrete positioning may be provided via a combination of ratcheting joints, or the like. Alternatively, joint may be a dimpled ball in a complementary socket arranged to provide variable positioning of segments6,8in any desired combination of tented and splayed positions without regard to discrete positions or more limited degrees of freedom. Accordingly, joint10may be any coupling suitable to couple segments6,8and to provide sufficient range of movement for tenting and splaying of segments6,8.

With reference toFIG. 3, segments6,8are pivotable such that a front edge of keyboard2may spread apart in at least a substantially horizontal plane to a “splayed” position “D”. The splayed position “D” reduces ulnar deviation in the keyboard user. In the illustrated configuration, keyboard2is both tented and splayed, although in some embodiments, keyboard segments6,8may be in a purely splayed or purely tented position.

With continued reference toFIG. 3, keyboard segments6,8are movably secured by retainers12to a base support14on an upper surface of laptop4. Base support14defines one or more retention channels arranged to receive respective retainers12therein. Retainers12and channels16cooperate to allow movement of segments6,8from stowed position “A” to tented position “C” and splayed position

“Retainer” as used herein refers to any structure suitable to secure keyboard segment6,8, to base support14. Retainer12may be fixed or moveable with one or more degrees of freedom relative to either of segments6,8or base support14and still suitably retain segments6,8. Retainers prevent separation of segments6,8from base support14and may allow segments6,8while retained to base support14.

In some illustrated embodiments, retainers12define a vertical or columnar extent. In many embodiments, not separately illustrated, however, retainers12have a minimal vertical extent and may be characterized by low profile retainer features arranged to attach segments6,8to base support14. For example, an hourglass or double lobe type retainer with minimal distance between the lobes may be used in complementary sockets and channels on keyboard segments6,8and base support14. Similarly, a head of retainer12may be received within channel16and present a protrusion connectable to keyboard segments6,8via snap-fit or other suitable connection. Accordingly, retainers12are not limited to columnar, elongated, or other illustrated or described configurations and may be any shape or construction suitable to retain segments6,8to base support14.

While base support14is depicted as defining two channels16, each corresponding to one of segments6,8, it is understood that a single channel16in base support14can provide sufficient lateral movement for tenting of segments6,8. Accordingly, descriptions or depictions of multiple channels may be understood to also generally apply to implementations having but a single channel. In some cases, multiple channels may provide design advantages as to visual symmetry of keyboard2relative to the body of laptop4in either a stowed position or operational position. In some cases, a single channel design may provide improved ease of use by allowing a user to manipulate joint10with one hand and manually lock retainer12within a single channel16.

“Channel” as used herein refers to a structure suitable to restrain retainer12in at least one direction, while permitting movement of retainer12in another direction. For example, channel16may be a slot, groove, guide or track in the conventional sense of the word, but is not so limited. Channel16may be, for example a socket which restrains retainer12from separation therefrom while permitting pivoting or rotational movement therein.

With reference now toFIGS. 6A and 6B, channel16,16′ is defined in base support14to receive retainer12,12′ and allow for lateral travel and/or rotational freedom of movement of retainers12,12′. Base support14may be a chassis surface or body panel surface of laptop4, or any structure suitable to serve as the support structure or foundation for segments6,8of keyboard2during deployment and use. Thus, while base support is depicted as a generally planar upper surface of laptop4, lateral laptop surfaces and other structures may also be suitable. For example, base support14may be a panel or frame structure insertable into a recess defined in the body of laptop4. Alternatively, base support14may be a panel or frame structure constructed as a stand alone base such that keyboard2may instead be used as a stand alone peripheral input device, e.g., for connection to a desktop computer.

Base support14has defined therein, one or more channels16,16′constructed to receive retainer12,12′, which is attached to a corresponding keyboard segment6,8. Channel16,16′ is constructed to restrain a retainer head18,18′ in a vertical plane and thereby retain segment6or8to base support14. Channel16,16′ is also constructed to provide clearance for retainer12,12′ to spin therein as keyboard segments6,8are splayed and for retainer12,12′ to slide therein as segments6,8are tented. In some cases, only a fraction of an inch of lateral sliding clearance is sufficient to allow for full movement of segments6,8into tented position “C.”

Similarly, rotation of retainer12,12′ within channel16,16′ may be restricted to a discrete range suitable to allow for full movement of segments6,8into splayed position “D.” While retainer heads18and18′ are depicted as being substantially symmetrical shapes, in some implementations, retainer head18may define an eccentric shape, e.g., a cammed shape so as to impact upon sidewalls of channel16at one or both extremes of a predetermined range of rotation. In some implementations, an eccentric or cammed retainer head18configuration may be advantageous in locking or restricting retainer12in a fixed position within channel16. For example, a manual or powered actuator may urge retainer head18to impact upon the sidewalls of channel16. Accordingly, retainer head18,18′ may be constructed to provide free lateral movement and/or rotation within channel16,16′ in a first orientation and to restrict lateral movement and/or rotation in a second orientation.

With reference toFIG. 7, channel16″ may provide various discrete positions or a positional path or network for retainer12to achieve a range of tenting and splaying positions of keyboard2. Accordingly, channel16need not be limited to a single course or to a linear or uniform configuration, but may be curved, inclined, tapered, or the like. Similarly, retainer12may be of any number of symmetrical or asymmetrical shapes and may include resilient or engaging features to facilitate positional locking. For example, a resilient retainer head or convex retainer head may provide frictional engagement with a tapered upper surface of channel16. Alternatively, a serrated retainer head surface may positively engage complimentary recesses on a channel surface. Accordingly, any number of frictional, mating or positively engaging features may be used to restrict movement of retainers12within channel16.

With reference toFIG. 8and the accompanying exploded detail ofFIG. 9, keyboard segments6,8are in a stowed position closely spaced to base support14, with retainers12positioned accordingly within channels16. While a particular columnar retainer is used to illustrate one frictionally engageable configuration, the invention is not so limited, and any number of suitable retainer configurations, including low profile retainers, may be used. Keyboard2may be held in the stowed position by retainers12or, alternatively, by a separate latching mechanism. Suitable latching mechanism may provide releasable connections via magnetic forces, snap-fit, positive engagement of complementary features, and the like.

With reference toFIG. 9, in some implementations, keyboard segment6or8may be biased towards a deployed position. For example, spring20may urge keyboard segment6away from base support14into a partially deployed position. Spring20may be arranged concentric to retainer12or may be alternatively suitably arranged between segment6and base support14.

In some implementations, retainer head18may be biased by spring20towards a top or bottom surface of channel16to restrict movement of retainer12within the channel. For example, a spring may restrict movement of retainer12in a first default position and may be overcome by manual or powered actuation to release retainer12within channel16. Alternatively, a spring may be used to bias retainer12towards a freely movable position and may be overcome by manual or powered actuation to restrict movement of retainer12within channel16. Spring20may also serve as a clutching mechanism so that if too much pressure is exerted on the keyboard segments6,8, spring20allows for slippage between retainer12and channel16. Suitable springs may include any suitable mechanical spring, resilient elastomeric material or other known biasing mechanism. In some cases, mechanical or electrical actuators may serve to urge retainers12and/or segments6or8towards deployed and/or stowed positions. In some implementations, the keyboard is moveable between stowed and deployed positions without the need for springs, biasing means, or actuators. For example, such movement may be accomplished purely manually.

With reference toFIG. 10and the accompanying exploded detail ofFIG. 11, keyboard segments6,8, are in a partially deployed position with retainers12being moveable within channels16. Retainers12are shown in a released and unlocked position, which permits adjustment of ergonomic keyboard2by a user to a desired tented and splayed position.

With reference toFIG. 12and the accompanying exploded detail ofFIG. 13, keyboard segments6,8are held in tented position “C” via retainers12, which are restricted laterally within channels16. Movement between the partially deployed position ofFIG. 10and tented position “C” is accomplished by inward lateral movement of one or more of retainers12within channels16. Upon movement of segments6,8from the released, partially deployed position to tented position “C,” the user may engage a locking mechanism22to restrict outward lateral movement of one or more of retainers12within channels16.

With reference toFIGS. 11 and 13, locking mechanism22is depicted as a levered cam acting upon retainer12. In a first position shown inFIG. 11, locking mechanism22is actuated to overcome spring20and distance retainer head18from a top frictional surface of channel16. In a second position shown inFIG. 13, locking mechanism22is retracted somewhat to permit spring20to again urge retainer head18into contact with frictional contact or mating contact with a surface of channel16. Frictional contact may be provided between any portion of retainer12and channel16. “Mating contact” refers to positive engagement of cooperative features to provide shear resistance to movement.

The pivotable or levered cammed mechanism is but one example of locking mechanism22. Any number of manually actuatable mechanisms such as levers, push buttons, dials, sliders, cables, and the like may be used to selectively restrict movement of retainers12and/or joint10and thereby movement of segments6,8relative to base support14. Powered actuators such as solenoids, worm drives, gear trains or the like may likewise be used to selectively restrict movement of retainers12and/or joint10. It will be understood that locking mechanism22may be arranged on either keyboard2or base support14to suitably restrict retainer12within channel16. Similarly, while retainers12are generally depicted as extending from keyboard2to be received within channels16formed in base support14, retainers12may extend, instead from base support14to be received in channels16formed in keyboard2.

Accordingly, while some embodiments are depicted as including a locking mechanism22and spring20associated with retainers12, it will be understood that other embodiments are not so limited. For example, the springs may be omitted or the locking mechanisms may be provided instead at joint10. Similarly, joint10may be self locking, e.g., due to joint friction or other suitable resistance.

In some implementations, a locking mechanism structure includes substantially alignable apertures defined in adjacent locking plates, wherein one or both of the locking plates is moveable to substantially misalign the apertures to bind upon and thereby lock a retainer disposed therein. In some cases, relative positioning of the locking plates determines a retainer positioning and thereby a keyboard deployed position.

In some implementations, the retainer includes a ball which may be seated in a recess in a stowed position. The retainer ball may be unseated from the recess to move the segments into a deployed position. For example, a splay actuator and/or tenting actuator, e.g., lever or cable, causes the retainer ball to slide within a channel formed on one of the base support and a keyboard segment. A curved channel or non-planar channel may serve to provide both tenting and splaying motions.

In some implementations, actuators may act on the joint10with retainers12tracking or responsive to movement of joint10.

In some implementations, thumbwheels or other rotary actuator serve to move the keyboard segments between stowed and deployed positions. For example, the retainers may be an axle of a wheel restrained within a channel. Scrolling the wheel along the channel causes tenting and/or splaying of the keyboard segments.

Alternatively, retainers12can include threaded knobs which may be rotated to selectively permit and prevent keyboard segment movement. For example, one or more retainer knobs may be loosened to adjust one or both of the splay and pitch of the keyboard segments.

Still in some implementations, underlying supports, e.g., pivoting braces or columns, may be used to maintain the keyboard segments in a desired deployed position. In a particular implementation, the underlying support is provided at the joint between the keyboard segments.

In some implementations, segments6,8may be additionally or alternatively maintained in a tented and/or splayed position via restriction of joint10itself. As previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,984,081, joint10may be compressed into a frictionally restricted state or may be otherwise restricted in a desired position. For example, as described more fully with reference toFIGS. 22-26, an elastomeric surface on one of a ball surface and a complementary socket surface of joint10may be deformed in response to localized compression from a dimpled complementary surface. Alternatively, complementary projections and/or dimples on opposed joint surfaces may be held in mating engagement via interference fit, a spring, latch or other suitable locking mechanism.

With reference toFIG. 14and the accompanying exploded detail ofFIG. 15, keyboard segments6,8, are held in splayed position “D.” Retainers12permit movement from a partially deployed position or even from a tented position to splayed position “D” via rotation of retainers12within channels16. Splaying of segments6,8involves a rotation movement as well as translational movement of retainer12. Splaying of segments6,8about joint10causes inward movement of retainers12as joint10travels forward towards the user. Splaying further causes rotation of or about retainer12as outer lower quadrants of keyboard segments6,8swing outward in response to forward movement of joint10.

In some implementations, locking mechanism22is constructed to resist both translation and rotation of retainers12within channels16. In some implementations, separate locking mechanisms may be provided to resist each movement separately. For example, in some implementations, constant resistance to rotation of retainer12may be provided, sufficient to resist forward or rearward movement of joint10during normal typing operations, yet subject to direct manual manipulation of joint10between deployed and stowed positions. Such limited slip or clutched arrangements may be achieved by frictional engagement or other engagement of retainer head12and channel16under the force of spring20or other suitable mechanism. Alternatively, sufficient rotational resistance may be provided within joint10itself. For example, joint10may be a ball and socket joint with sufficient interference fit to permit movement only under a predetermined degree of manual force. Alternatively, joint10may be selectively resistant, for example, via release of a compression fit within joint10via a manual actuator.

It may be further advantageous to provide for slippage or release of the locking mechanism upon application of a predetermined downward pressure, for example during abrupt closure upon keyboard2of a laptop lid portion. In some implementations, closure of the laptop lid releases a locking mechanism to return keyboard2to a stowed position. Alternatively, in some implementations, the laptop lid is prevented from closing or may receive additional resistance to closure while keyboard2is deployed. In some cases, cables, levers, push pins, or other suitable mechanical or electrical actuator may be associated with the laptop lid or lid hinge to act on a keyboard locking mechanism during laptop lid closure. Such actuators may similarly be used to urge keyboard2into a deployed position during opening of the laptop lid. For example, a cable may be drawn by laptop lid movement to urge retainers towards one of a deployed or stowed position.

With reference toFIG. 16, an upwardly deployable keyboard base24serves to elevate at least a portion of keyboard2above base support14′. If supporting linkage26is retained at one end in channel16″ formed in base support14′. Keyboard base24may be stowed as shown inFIG. 17, by collapsing of linkages26as springs28are compressed within channels16″.

In some laptop integrated embodiments, segments6,8are independently electrically connected in parallel to laptop4. In other embodiments, segments6,8are electrically coupled in series to provide a single output to laptop4. Accordingly, segments6,8may be electrically connected to or integrated with laptop4in any suitable manner. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous or desirable for the electrical connections, e.g., data cables, to be located near retainers12to minimize the cable length or cable movement needed to accommodate tenting and/or splaying of keyboard segments6,8.

With reference toFIGS. 18,19,20and21, an adjustable ergonomic keyboard102includes keyboard segments106and108disposed on a stand alone base support114. Keyboard102is configured as a peripheral data input device for use, for example, with a desktop computer104. Keyboard segments106,108are coupled by a joint/10and secured to base support114by retainers112. As previously described, joint/10allows multiple degrees of freedom for tenting and splaying of keyboard102.

With reference toFIG. 18, adjustable ergonomic keyboard102may be stored in a stowed position “A.” In stowed position “A,” keyboard segments106,108are positioned close to base support114in a substantially planar, side-by-side arrangement. Of course, some users may elect to use keyboard102in the stored position in some circumstances.

Base support114can be configured with a minimum thickness and mass sufficient to support segments106,108. Such thin, lightweight designs may be advantageous or desirable for portability or stylistic considerations. For example, a lightweight aluminum or plastic panel or framework may provide a suitable base support114for segments106,108. In some desktop applications, a more substantial base may be advantageous or desirable for some users.

Base support114need not be coextensive with keyboard segments106,108to provide sufficient support. For example, base support114may extend only under a portion of segments106,108between retainers112. In some implementations, segments106,108may include a lower protective panel or cover and may be arranged to directly contact an upper surface of a desk with keyboard102in the splayed and/or tented positions. Accordingly, in some implementations, base support114may serve to maintain a relative position of retainers112, without regard to contact between base support and any underlying surface.

Keyboard102, including base support114, may include any number of data ports or peripheral devices. For example, pointing devices or mass storage devices may be connected to keyboard102via USB port, PS2 port or other data ports. Similarly, any suitable connectivity or communication facilities, for example wireless communication via Bluetooth® technology, RF, IR, and the like may be used to connect keyboard102to computer104. Such data ports and communications hardware may be housed on base support114. For example, base support114may include a housing portion along an upper edge portion for any necessary hardware, batteries, data ports and the like.

Keyboard segments106,108may be electrically coupled such that data is output from the segment pair from a single data port. For example, a flexible data cable or other suitable contact or electrical connector may be provided between segments106,108near joint10. Additionally, an infrared, radio or other electromagnetic or optical signal may be used to transmit signals from the keyboard to the computing device without the need for a cable or other physical connection.

Alternatively, segments106,108may each include a separate data output connection. For example, each of keyboard segments106,108may be treated, effectively, as a separate peripheral device. For example, a small USB hub may be provided on base support114to receive input from separate USB connectors on the respective segments106,108and to provide a single output to computer104. It may be advantageous to position the data output connections near retainers112to minimize the length and movement of the data output connections between keyboard segment positions. Such a connection may be configured to accommodate the fraction of an inch of lateral retainer travel and a predetermined arc of keyboard segment travel for a range of tented and splayed positions. Alternatively, electrical connections and data outputs may reside entirely on segments106,108without electrical connection to base support114. USB is but one example of wired connectivity and any number of other standards may be used to connect keyboard102as a peripheral or integrated device. In some cases, base support114supports segments106,108without any electrical connection thereto. In other case, base support114carries data cables or other electrical communication devices.

With reference toFIG. 19, keyboard102is in a released, unlocked or partially deployed position “B.” In partially deployed position “B” keyboard segments106,108are moveable to a desired tented or splayed position. Movement from stowed position “A” to partially deployed position “B” may include a simple unlocking action and need not include substantial relative movement or separation of keyboard segments106,108from base support114. In some cases, release of segments106,108from the stowed position provides sufficient separation of segments106,108from base support114to permit insertion of a user's fingers therebetween to manipulate segments106,108into the positions shown inFIGS. 20-21. In some implementations, keyboard segments106,108may be biased towards at least one of a partially splayed position and a partially tented position such that releasing segments106,108from stowed position “A” results in a partially splayed and/or partially tented position.

With reference toFIG. 20, keyboard segments106,108are in a tented position “C.” Tented position “C” is achieved by upward movement of joint110and inward movement of at least one of retainers12along channel116formed in base support114.

With reference toFIG. 21, keyboard segments106,108are in a splayed and tented position. Splayed position “D” is achieved by forward movement of joint110, movement of at least one of retainers12along channel116formed in base support114and rotation of segments106,108about respective retainers112. Keyboard segments106,108may be locked to resist movement from positions “C” and “D.” Advantageously, in some stand alone or desktop implementations, keyboard2may be more securely fixed in positions “C” and “D” since there will be less need for repeated keyboard setup as with portable laptop implementations. Similarly, resistance of keyboard102to flattening of tented position “C” may be greater absent other considerations present in a portable laptop implementation.

Keyboard segments106,108may include friction pads at points of contact with base support114or with an underlying surface to provide additional resistance to movement during typing. For example, rubber foot pads, or the like, may be provided at the lower outermost extremities of segments106,108to frictionally engage base support114or a desk and resist outward movement of segments106,108under downward pressure, e.g., during typing.

In some implementations, resistance to flattening of tented segments106,108may be provided by one locking mechanism and resistance to counter-rotation of splayed segments by another mechanism. For example, resistance to flattening may be provided by any suitable tensile structure between retainers112, e.g., a rigid or semi-rigid base or even a cable. Resistance to counter-rotation of splayed segments may be provided by resistance at one or more of retainers112and joint110. In a particular implementation, resistance to rotation of segments106,108is provided at each of retainers112and joint110, with release of resistance at a selected one of retainers112or joint110allowing for manual rotation of segments106,108. In some implementations, sufficient resistance may be provided by joint10or110alone to maintain position “C” and/or “D.”

In some implementations, base support114may include surface features configured to provide discrete positioning or incremental resistance points. For example, a series of depressions or ridges may be provided on base support14or114to more positively engage corresponding contact surfaces of segments106,108.

In some implementations, a web may be provided between segments106,108to provide an appearance of central keyboard continuity in splayed position “D”. Such a web may be slidably deployed from the underside segments106,108and may contribute resistance to movement.

In some implementations, base support14,114is adjustable to facilitate movement of keyboard segments to positions “C” or “D.” For example, base support may be collapsible to move retainers112closer together to achieve tented position “C.”

In each case, it will be understood that the configuration of the keys on segments6,8,106,108may be in any suitable form which allows access to the appropriate hand corresponding to segments6,8,106,108, and need not be the configuration shown inFIG. 1.

Similarly, segments6,9,106,108may include virtual keys, e.g., keys displayed on a touch screen panel, membrane display, or other suitable display besides a traditional vertically operable contact type key. For example, as an alternative to conventional mechanical switches, keyboard inputs may include pressure sensors, static sensors, position sensors, capacitance sensors, or other suitable contact or non-contact sensors. For example, segments6,9,106,108may simply be projection surfaces for use with a laser and infrared projected virtual keyboard. In some embodiments, segments6,8,106,108a part of a membrane keyboard, dome-switch keyboard, scissor-switch keyboard, capacitive keyboard, mechanical-switch keyboard, buckling-spring keyboard, hall-effect keyboard, or laser keyboard. Accordingly, any suitable manual data entry system may be presented on segments6,9,106,108to be arranged in a tented and/or splayed position by a user.

It should be appreciated that splaying of the segments6,8,106,108acts to prevent or reduce ulnar deviation of the user's hands and wrists, while pitching or “tenting” movement of segments6,8,106,108acts to prevent or reduce pronation of the user's wrists.

In some implementations, an optional support (not shown) may be provided generally below the hinge or joint10,110so as to maintain the central region of the keyboard2,102at a raised preselected level, if desired.

Operation and manipulation of the keyboard2,102of the present invention will now be described. When it is desired to set a new position of keyboard segments6,8,106,108relative to one another, retainers12,112and or joints10,110are allowed to move, e.g., translate and/or rotate, to accommodate splayed and/or tented keyboard positions. After a desired orientation of the segments6,8,106,108relative to one another is achieved, the segments are held in position by resistance at at least one of retainers12,112and/or joints10,110. In the locked position, keyboard102remains substantially as arranged under normal typing conditions.

With reference toFIG. 22, keyboard1includes separate segments202,203, and204, each having a plurality of keys205. It is to be understood that the configuration of the keys on segments202,203, and204, may be in any suitable form which allows access to the appropriate hand corresponding to segments202,203, and204, and need not be the configuration shown inFIG. 22.

Segments202and203of keyboard201are usually attached by a hinge or joint206, which may provide one or more degrees of freedom of relative movement between segments202and203. Adjustment and locking of hinge or joint206are described in more detail below with regard to a lever-actuated locking joint embodiment. As described in more detail below, a handle100, in the form of a lever, forms a portion of a keyboard locking mechanism. The handle100may be pivoted from a locked position, which fixes the position of the hinge or joint206, to an unlocked position101′ (dashed lines), which allows pivoting movement of the segments202,203relative to one another in one or more planes. The segment202or203containing the handle100may include an indentation110near the end of the handle100to allow easier access to, and pivoting of, the handle100by the user.

Segment204of keyboard201, if provided, has mounted thereon numerical keys205and is attached to segment203by hinge or joint207. Hinge or joint207may extend along line208illustrated inFIG. 22so as to provide at least one degree of relative movement between segments203and204. Alternatively, a hinge or joint of the type described below may be employed between segments202and203and may be located at either an upper or lower end of line208inFIG. 22. Segment204is an optional segment, and the keyboard201may be formed of only segments202and203.

It should be appreciated that segments202and203of keyboard1may pivot with respect to one another while each remaining in a single plane (i.e., the plane ofFIG. 22), or in multiple planes (i.e., the planes ofFIGS. 22 and 23). Movement of the segments202,203in the plane ofFIG. 22acts to prevent or reduce ulnar deviation of the user's hands and wrists, while movement of the segments202,203in the plane ofFIG. 23acts to prevent or reduce pronation of the user's wrists. As depicted inFIG. 23, a center region of keyboard201is raised above the level of a desk214on which the keyboard201is supported. An optional support (not shown) may be provided generally below the hinge or joint206so as to maintain the central region of the keyboard201at a raised preselected level, if needed.

Should an operator of the keyboard201not be comfortable with a hinged-apart orientation of the keyboard201, the keyboard201may simply be returned to a conventional configuration.

In order to electrically connect the keys of one segment (e.g. segment202) to the other (e.g. segment203), a cable210or any suitable contact may be provided between the two segments. Additionally, an infrared or other electromagnetic signal may be used to transmit signals from the keyboard to the computing device without the need for a cable or other physical connection.

FIG. 24shows an exploded view of the components of a first embodiment of a locking mechanism and hinge or joint of the present invention. A handle100, in the form of a lever, includes a handle section101at one end and a cam109at another end. Cam109includes a cam surface103. On either side of cam109are flanges111, each of which defines a hole105. A cam hole107passes through cam109and is aligned with holes105. Handle100is preferably made of an inexpensive, but relatively rigid, material such as an engineering plastic such as polyketon, sold under the trade name CARILON.

A retaining pin200passes through holes105and the cam hole107, to retain handle100on socket element700. Pin200is preferably manufactured of an inexpensive and somewhat resilient material, such as an engineering plastic, for example a glass-filled polyamide or nylon, sold under the trade name GRIVORY GV-5H, and has at least one end which is slightly enlarged, so as to allow a press or interference fit between the pin200and holes105, to thereby hold handle100and socket element700together. Flanges701on socket element700fit slidingly within slots113between flanges111and cam109, such that pin200fits through holes105, holes702on flanges701, and the cam hole107, thereby allowing pivoting of handle100relative to socket element700about the axis of pin200.

A camming pin300is retained adjacent to the cam109. Camming pin300includes a camming surface301and a pin302projecting away from camming surface301. Pin302fits through holes401and501in biasing element400and bearing element500, respectively, such that bearing element500, biasing element400and camming pin300are connected and aligned together Camming pin300is preferably made of an inexpensive, but relatively rigid, material such as an acetyl co-polymer or nylon, sold under the trade name DURACON-90.

A biasing element400is retained adjacent to the locking pin300. The biasing element is preferably disc-shaped, and defines a hole401passing through its center. Biasing element400is preferably made of a relatively resilient material, such as a urethane rubber, or could be made of a spring steel component, so that it acts as a spring to provide a bias against the action of cam109during locking and unlocking. The biasing element400serves to reduce the need for exacting tolerances in the locking mechanism of the present invention.

The biasing element400can serve as a clutching mechanism so that if too much pressure is exerted on the keyboard segments202,203, the provision of the biasing element400allows for slippage between the ball element600and socket element700described below.

In some cases, the locking mechanism can be configured to provide sufficient resistance to movement under normal typing forces while yielding to direct repositioning forces, e.g., the manipulation of the two keyboard segments.

A bearing element500is retained adjacent to the biasing element400. On the end of bearing element500adjacent to the biasing element400, the bearing element500includes a hole501, through which the end of pin302passes. The opposite end of bearing element500includes a bearing surface502which is preferably hemispherical in shape. The bearing element500is mounted within socket element700for sliding movement relative to both the keyboard segments202,203. The bearing element500is preferably made of a relatively inexpensive and rigid material, such as an acetyl copolymer, sold under the trade name DURACON M-90.

A ball element600is mounted adjacent to the bearing element500. A ball601on ball element600fits within, and is slidably mounted against, bearing surface502. A shaft602connects ball601to a retaining portion603of ball element600. Retaining portion603may include one or more holes604, which are used to affix ball element600to one of the keyboard segments202,203or204, via suitable attachment mechanisms such as screws or bolts. The ball element600, although shown as spherical in the drawings, could alternatively be hemispherical in shape. The ball element600is preferably made of a relatively inexpensive and rigid material, such as a glass or mineral filled acetyl copolymer, or alternatively could be fabricated of stainless steel. In some cases, ball element600includes a pliable material. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the cam surface103may provide direct contact with the ball element600, thereby eliminating the need for the bearing element500and biasing element400.

Ball601fits within a socket element700, such that the shaft602and retaining portion603project out of an opening706in socket element700. An interior bearing surface of socket element700, at socket end705, is hemispherical in shape. Ball601on ball element600fits within, and is slidably mounted against, the bearing surface within socket end705. Socket element700includes flanges701, which are spaced and shaped so as to slidably fit within slots113on handle100. Holes702on flanges701are spaced to align with holes105on handle100, and the cam hole on handle100, so that the pin200can fit through those holes, allowing the handle100to be pivoted relative to socket element700. Socket element700may also include a flange703with one or more holes704, which are used to affix socket element700to one of the keyboard segments202,203or204—adjacent the segment202,203or204to which ball element600is affixed—via suitable attachment mechanisms such as screws or bolts. The socket element700is preferably made of a relatively inexpensive and rigid material, such as a glass or mineral filled acetyl copolymer, or alternatively could be fabricated of metal.

With continued reference toFIG. 24, a ball-and-socket type joint includes ball601positioned to be retained between the bearing surface502and the bearing surface inside the socket end705, allowing the ball601to rotate therebetween. Frictional surface features605defined on ball601provide increased friction and/or shear resistance to movement of ball601relative to surfaces of socket705, including bearing surface502. Frictional surface features, or simply “surface features” include at least one of a plurality of recesses and a plurality of projections that serve to provide frictional resistance or shear resistance to movement of the joint to thereby lock the keyboard segments in a desired position. In some cases, surface features605need not provide interlocking shear resistance but may mainly provide frictional resistance.

Surface features605can include a range of topologies, for example, projections, ridges, raised grids, recesses, valleys, dimples, or recessed grids, selected to impinge upon, bind upon or otherwise engage bearing surface502or other socket surfaces or features. In some cases socket surfaces can include a resilient material compressible to at least partially conform to surface features605. In some cases, surface features605can be formed of a resilient material. While surface features605are depicted as covering a substantial portion of the exterior of ball601, provision of surface features605on a more localized portion of ball601may be sufficient in some cases. For example, if complementary surface features are provided on a socket surface, increased joint resistance may be provided with fewer or smaller surface features605on ball601. Conversely, surface features605may be propagated so as to maximize friction in contact with multiple socket surfaces, including stationary socket surfaces and/or moveable bearing surfaces.

With reference toFIG. 25, surface features505are defined on bearing surface502′ to impinge up or engage the surface of ball601′. Surface features505can include, for example, projections, ridges, raised grids, recesses, valleys, dimples, or recessed grids, selected to impinge upon, bind upon or otherwise engage ball601′. While surface features505are depicted on bearing surface502′, surface features can be formed on any number of socket surfaces or other surface bearing on ball601′.

With reference toFIG. 26, surface features605′ are defined on ball601and complementary surface features505′ are define on bearing surface502″. In some cases, surface features605′ include projections while surface features505′ include complementary recesses. In some cases surface features505′ include projections while surface features605′ include complementary recesses. In some cases, surface features505′ and605′ include complementary repeating patterns providing a range of nested surface feature positions. For example, in some cases, surface features505′ and605′ include dimpled and raised patterns providing one or more cup and cone interface regions generating frictional and/or shear resistance to joint movement.

While surface features505′ and605′ are depicted as being substantially symmetrical and evenly distributed, some implementations are not so limited. Surface features505′ and605′ can be of any suitable size, shape, density, continuity, hardness, durometer, or the like, sufficient to provide resistance to movement of ball601′ within socket element700or against bearing surface502″.

A releasable joint locking mechanism has been described as including a lever, pivots and various moving parts for use in some implementations. In some implementations, however, surface features505′ and/or605′ can provide sufficient resistance within a constant pressure joint or otherwise without the need for levers, pivots, or other moveable locking mechanism parts. For example, ball601may be interferingly received into a socket element700with surface features505′ and/or605′ generating sufficient frictional and/or shear resistance to relative movement therebetween to maintain the keyboard segments in a desired position under normal typing or other operational forces.

In some implementations, surface features505′ and/or605′ can provide a more affirmative shear resistance to movement, e.g., through engagement of a pin-like projection surface feature with a hole or other suitable shear surface features. Shear producing surface features may be releasable and/or engageable under actuation of a biasing member or under operation of a manual actuator. One example of a manual actuator is a finger button or thumb button operable to at least partially disengage complementary surface features, for example, through at least partial separation of ball601′ and socket element700.

Surface features505′ and605′ can be arranged to provide a user an incremental adjustment feedback, e.g., a ratcheting feel or clicking sound. For example, complementary circumferential surface features, e.g., serrations, along opposing hemispherical or spherical surfaces of ball601′ and socket elements700may intermittently engage and release as the keyboard segments are manually positioned.

Surface features505′ and605′ can be integrally molded with ball601′ and socket element700or bearing surface502respectively. Alternatively, surface features505′ and605′ may be formed on respective surfaces through any suitable process. In a particular example, bearing surface502and ball601′ are provided with an elastomeric or rubberized layer bearing the respective surface features.

While the illustrated joint is a ball-and-socket type joint, surface projections505and/or605may be used on any number of other types of joints suitable to provide the desired degree of freedom for tenting and splaying of keyboard segments202and203.

Operation and manipulation of the keyboard1of the present invention will now be described. When it is desired to set a new position of the keyboard1segments202and203relative to one another, the handle100is pivoted to its unlocked position101′. Pivoting of the handle100is accomplished by rotating handle100about pin200, thereby moving cam102relative to camming surface301. In the unlocked position low101′, the cam surface103is spaced a shorter distance d.sub.1, from the axis of pin200that the distance d.sub.2of cam surface103from the axis of pin200in the locked position. As a result, in the locked position, the cam102pushes the camming pin300in the direction of the ball element600, and in the unlocked position low101′ the cam102allows camming pin300a degree of movement away from ball element600, under the influence of biasing element400.

In the unlocked position101′ the bias of biasing element400allows camming pin300to move in the direction away from ball element600. This movement also allows movement of the bearing element500away from the ball element600. As a result, the ball601is unclamped between the bearing surface502and the bearing surface inside the socket end705, allowing the ball601to rotate between those surfaces. Rotation of the ball601is effected by pivoting movement, in one or more places, of the segments202,203relative to one another, one of the segments202,203being affixed to the retaining portion603projecting out of opening706in socket element700, and the other segment202,203being affixed to socket element700.

When the segments are unlocked by moving handle100to unlock position101′, the segments202,203may be pivoted in a horizontal plane (i.e., the plane ofFIG. 1) relative to one another to reduce or eliminate ulnar deviation in the user's hands and wrists. The segments202,203may also be pivoted in a vertical plane (i.e., the plane ofFIG. 2) relative to one another to reduce or eliminate pronation in the user's wrists.

After a desired orientation of the segments202,203relative to one another is achieved, the handle100is pivoted around pin200to its locked position, thereby moving cam109relative to camming surface301. In the locked position, the cam surface103is spaced a longer distance d.sub.2from the axis of pin200than the distance d.sub.1of cam surface103from the axis of pin200in the unlocked position. As a result, in the locked position, the cam102pushes the camming pin300in the direction of the ball element600. In the locked position, the camming pin300moves in the direction toward ball element600. This movement pushes the biasing element400, and thus the bearing element500, toward the ball element600. As a result, the ball601is clamped between the bearing surface502and the bearing surface inside the socket end705, fixing the ball601against rotation between those surfaces as the result of frictional forces. The segments202,203are thus fixed in position relative to one another, as a result of the clamping of ball601between the bearing surface502and the bearing surface inside the socket end705, as well as fixing of one of the segments202,203to the retaining portion603and the other segment202,203to socket element700.

With reference toFIG. 27one implementation of a joint1010suitable for use in an adjustable ergonomic keyboard as describe above, includes a ball-type joint element (ball1012) and a socket1014to receive the ball therein in a range of relative orientations. Ball1012and1014are associated with corresponding first and second keyboard sections such that positioning of ball1012relative to socket1014defines a degree or splaying and/or tenting of the keyboard. For example, ball1012is attachable to a keyboard segment by armature1013, which is shown as movable in both and an up-down range and a forward-back range relative to socket1014. Socket1014can be associated with a respective keyboard section by any number of suitable attachment means, e.g., by fasteners through a body portion of socket1014or by incorporation of socket1014into the keyboard section. Similarly, actuator1124can be positioned near joint1010or remote therefrom on a keyboard section. It may be desirable in some implementations,

With reference toFIG. 28, a cross-sectional view of the joint ofFIG. 27, ball1012is positionally fixed in one of a number of discrete positions via engagement of complementary locking features1016and1018formed on respective surfaces of ball1012and socket1014. Features1016and1018can be any combinations of projections and recesses or other interlocking features. Locking engagement of features1016and1018can be provided by a spring1022or other biasing mechanism urging a moveable member1020defining a portion of socket1014and bearing features1018. Moveable member1020can be rely solely on spring1022for suitable resistance, or may further include an actuator1024operable to selectively lock and release moveable member1020to allow for adjustment of joint1010to a desired fixed keyboard position. For example, in some implementations actuator1024may counteract spring1012, while in other implementations, actuator1024may simple lock moveable member1020against movement.

With reference toFIG. 29, in some implementations, a surface of ball1012defines features1016, e.g., a series of recesses for engagement with complementary features of socket1014. Ball1012is depicted with nine different settings, allowing for an incremental splaying and/or tenting of the keyboard segments. In some implementations, a larger area of the surface of ball1012and/or socket1014may define additional fixed positioning features. Alternatively, ball1012and socket1014may be configured to provide a continuously variable range of positions, without regard to fixed interlocking of features, for example, with a set of features defined on the ball1012and an elastomeric surface on the socket1014to engage those features1016of ball1012. In some implementations, an elastomeric engagement or spring-biased engagement of locking features may allow for forced adjustment of the keyboard without the need for an actuator. Stated otherwise, the joint1010may provide sufficient resistance to withstand typing forces in a desired position while allowing for forced repositioning when desired without the need for locking release otherwise.

While the forgoing represents a description of various embodiments or implementations of the invention, it is to be understood that the claims below recite the features of the present invention, and that other embodiments, not specifically described hereinabove, fall within the scope of the present invention.