Dual liquid spraying system

A manifold for use with a hand held pump spray device allowing the spray head to draw simultaneously from two separate reservoirs containing two different fluids such that the spray heads raise a mixture of the two fluids in a predetermined ratio. The manifold includes at least one ball check valve arrangement in the suction line to the chemical concentrate reservoir, the ball check valve being normally biased to a closed position. The check valve presents the pumping of the concentrate when the diluent reservoir is spent and further prevents cross contamination between the fluids in the two reservoirs due to syphoning.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates generally to spraying devices for spraying 
liquids from a container, and, more particularly, to hand held spraying 
devices capable of spraying at least two different fluids simultaneously 
through a single spray head. 
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art 
There are numerous hand held spray devices known in the prior art. Most of 
such spray devices are designed to deliver a single fluid such as a 
solution of water and a detergent. Also known in the prior art are various 
hand held spray devices which are designed to deliver mixtures of two or 
more liquids through a spray head. One such device is taught in U.S. Pat. 
No. 5,009,342 to Lawrence, et al. The device of Lawrence, et al. utilizes 
a valve assembly mounted between the compartments containing the two 
different liquids and the spray pump assembly. The valve assembly includes 
inner and outer control valve members for controlling the connection of 
the inlet to the outlet. The control valve members are rotatable relative 
to one another which allows the size of the inlets to be variable so as to 
vary the ratio of the two liquids being dispensed. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,355,739 to Vierkotter teaches a container spray head 
assembly wherein suction is taken from two separate chambers allowing the 
delivery of the mixture of two liquids. A lipped valve is provided at the 
top of each take up tube to each chamber. Pumping action of the spray head 
combines the two liquids in a mixing chamber and ejects the mixed liquid 
from the spray head. A rotating cylinder is provided downstream of one of 
the lipped valves, the rotating cylinder having openings therein. Rotation 
of the cylinder allows for variation in the mixing ratio between the two 
liquids. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,786,963 to Metzler, III teaches a spray head assembly 
capable of dispensing mixed components drawn from two separate reservoirs. 
Two dip tubes are provided which have ball check valve prior to entry into 
the mixing chamber. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,152,461 to Proctor teaches yet another hand operated spray 
device capable of drawing fluids from two separate reservoirs. Proctor 
utilizes a very specialized spray head which includes threaded connections 
for two separate bottles. The dip tubes extend all the way to a point 
immediately adjacent to the spray nozzle where a diaphragm is provided 
which apparently serves as a flapper type check valve. Means are provided 
to pinch one or the other of the dip tubes to thereby vary the ratio of 
the liquids being drawn from the reservoirs. 
Generally speaking, each of the spray heads taught in the prior art capable 
of drawing suction from two different reservoirs are relatively 
complicated requiring a redesign of the typical one fluid source spray 
head resulting in an overall lengthening of the spray head to allow for 
the inclusion of additional elements. Further, although the potential 
problem of syphoning created by a dual reservoir device has been 
recognized by Vierkotter, nothing in the prior art teaches a means for 
automatically preventing syphoning. Further, the present invention 
automatically prevents syphoning even when the device is stored in a 
non-vertical position. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a manifold 
arrangement adaptable for use with an existing single reservoir spray head 
to allow such spray head to be used to draw simultaneously from two 
reservoirs. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a manifold 
arrangement which prevents syphoning between the two reservoirs when the 
spray head and reservoirs are stored in a non-vertical position. 
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a 
water/concentrate dual source spray assembly which will not pump when the 
water supply is spent. 
Briefly stated, the foregoing and numerous other objects, features and 
advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon 
reading of the detailed description, claims and drawings set forth herein. 
These objects, features and advantages are accomplished through the use of 
a disk-shaped manifold having upper and lower housings which interlock to 
form to ball check valve chambers or sockets wherein one or both of such 
ball check valves are spring biased. The disk-shaped manifold is designed 
to press fit into the intake end of a relatively typical, trigger actuated 
spray head such that the mixing chamber of the manifold becomes contiguous 
with the main flow channel through the spray head. The manifold includes 
an annular projection or flange which serves as a bearing surface as the 
spray head is screwed down onto the reservoir bottle. Actuation of the 
trigger on the spray head operates a positive displacement pump which 
draws suction through both check valves and therefore, through each of the 
dip tubes extending from the check valves. The spray head with the 
manifold of the present invention inserted therein is thus adapted to be 
used in conjunction with a bifurcated bottle such that two fluids can be 
delivered simultaneously through the single spray head.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Turning first to FIG. 1 there is shown the two fluid spray dispenser 10 of 
the present invention. The spray dispenser 10 includes a spray head 12 and 
a reservoir module 14. Reservoir module 14 includes a water bottle 16 and 
a separate but interlocking or interfitting chemical concentrate bottle 
18. Water bottle 16 includes a fill cap 20 which threadably engages a 
nozzle. Fill cap 20 allows the water bottle 16 to be refilled without 
having to remove the spray head 12 from the reservoir module 14. In such 
manner, potential exposure to undiluted concentrate is minimized. 
Water bottle 16 and concentrate bottle 18 fit together to present an 
overall shape or silhouette of a single bottle. Toward that end, water 
bottle 16 and concentrate bottle 18 are interlocked, preferably by having 
mating male and female surfaces 24, 26. At the top of concentrate bottle 
18 is neck 28 which is semi-cylindrical. Neck 28 has an enclosed top 30 
with a port therethrough from which dip tube 32 extends into the interior 
of concentrate bottle 18. Neck 28 also includes a threaded arcuate surface 
34 and a planar surface 36. 
Looking next at FIG. 3, there is a semi-cylindrical neck 38 located at the 
top of water bottle 16. Neck 38 includes an arcuate threaded surface 40 
and a planar surface 42. When concentrate bottle 18 is mated with water 
bottle 16 such that male surface 24 is received in female surface 26, neck 
28 and neck 38 abut one another such that planar surface 36 resides 
adjacent to planar surface 42. In such manner, necks 28, 38 combine to 
form a composite cylindrical threaded nozzle 44. 
Looking next at FIG. 4, there is shown the spray head 12 in cross section. 
Spray head 12 includes a housing 46. Attached to housing 46 is spray 
nozzle 48. There is a trigger 50 pivotally connected to housing 46 at 
proximal end 52. Projecting back from trigger 50 at a point between 
proximal end 52 and distal end 54 is driver 56. Driver 56 extends back 
into cylinder 58. Residing within cylinder 58 is piston 60 which is biased 
toward driver 56 by means of spring 62. There is an inlet channel 64 
through which fluid is delivered into cylinder 58 and there is an outlet 
channel 66 through which fluid is pumped from cylinder 58 to spray nozzle 
48. Surrounding inlet channel 64 is throat 68 which includes an annular 
lip 70 at the base thereof. There is a female threaded coupling or collar 
72 which includes a substantially radially inwardly projecting retaining 
rim 74 which retains female coupling 72 on throat 68 while allowing female 
coupling 72 freedom of rotation movement thereon. In such manner, female 
coupling 72 can be threaded onto composite cylindrical threaded nozzle 44. 
The spray head 12 as described thus far and shown in FIG. 4 is readily 
available from Calmar, Inc. of Watchung, N.J. Such spray head 12 available 
from Calmar also includes a sleeve 76 which press fits into throat 68. The 
upper end of sleeve 76 reduces to a narrow conduit 78. The distal end of 
narrow conduit 78 is beveled inwardly to provide residence for ball 82 
yielding a ball check valve arrangement. However, as supplied in the 
Calmar, Inc. Model TS-800 trigger sprayer, sleeve 76 must be modified or 
replaced in order to practice the present invention. Although not 
necessary to practice the present invention, it is preferable to retain 
the check ball arrangement of ball 82 and narrow conduit 78. This can be 
accomplished through either modifying sleeve 76 to cut off and remove that 
portion below line 83 (See FIG. 5) or through replacing sleeve 76 with 
alternative sleeve 84 (See FIG. 6 and 7). Alternative sleeve 84 extends 
from flange 86 which becomes the upper housing of manifold 88 (See FIGS. 
7, 8 and 9). Alternative sleeve 84 also includes a narrow conduit 78 which 
has an inwardly beveled distal end 80 to provide residence for ball 82. 
Alternative sleeve 84 press fits into throat 68. There is an outer 
cylindrical member 90 present on alternative sleeve 84 which frictionally 
engages the outside surface of throat 68. If the upper housing of manifold 
88 is to be used in conjunction with a modified sleeve 76, then all of a 
substantial portion of alternative sleeve 84 can be eliminated. 
Manifold 88 also includes a lower housing 92 having a flange 94. Projecting 
below flange 94 is a first socket 96 and a second socket 98. Sockets 96, 
98 have substantially hemispherical bottoms. At the base of first socket 
96 is orifice 100 which connects socket 96 to water draw stem 102. 
Projecting from the base of second socket 98 is chemical concentrate draw 
stem 104 having a cylindrical bore 106 therethrough. There is an annular 
projection integrally formed with chemical concentrate draw stem 104 which 
serves as a restriction orifice 108. Such restriction orifice 108 is sized 
to draw the correct amount of chemical concentrate to mix with the water 
so that an accurate and predetermined mixing ratio is obtained. Lower 
housing 92 also has vent holes 109 therethrough to ensure that the spray 
dispenser 10 does not become vapor locked. 
There is an annular seal member 110 projecting from the bottom of flange 86 
which mates with annular recess 112 in the top surface of flange 94. Upper 
housing or sleeve 84 is affixed to lower housing 92, preferably by means 
of ultrasonic welding. Also projecting from the lower base of flange 86 is 
spring retaining nub 114. Residing within second socket 98 is ball 116 and 
spring 118. Spring 118 biases ball 116 against the hemispherical bottom of 
socket 98 yielding a spring loaded ball check valve arrangement. 
Preferably there is a ball 120 residing in first socket 96 to create a 
ball check valve arrangement there. However, it may be possible to 
eliminate the ball check valve arrangement in socket 96 and still obtain 
the benefits of the present invention. There is a water dip tube 122 
extending from water draw stem 102. 
When installing the spray head 12 on the reservoir module 14, water dip 
tube 122 is inserted into the opening at the top of neck 38. Chemical 
concentrate draw stem 104 is then aligned with the opening at the top of 
dip tube 32. Chemical concentrate draw stem 104 forms a friction fit with 
the inner cylindrical wall dip tube 32 such that there is sealing 
engagement therebetween. There is a gasket 125 positioned beneath flage 94 
which provides a seal between manifold 88 and composite nozzle 44. Gasket 
125 includes bores 126 through which dip legs 102, 104 insert, and vent 
holes 128 which align with vent holes 109. (See FIG. 8). 
In order to minimize exposure of an end user to the full strength chemical 
concentrate contained in concentrate bottle 18, the opening of dip tube 32 
at enclosed top 30 may be covered with a plastic film to prevent leakage. 
As depicted in FIG. 7, chemical concentrate draw stem 104 may have a 
piercing point 124 which will pierce the sealing film covering the opening 
to dip tube 32. In such manner, chemical concentrate bottle 18 is opened 
by the act of installing the spray head onto the reservoir module 14 and 
not beforehand. Once the chemical concentrate draw stem 104 has been 
inserted down into dip tube 32, female coupling 72 can be threaded onto 
composite cylindrical threaded nozzle 44. 
In operation, the user will aim spray nozzle 48 at the surface to be 
cleaned and pull trigger 50 thereby driving piston 60 against the bias of 
spring 62. Fluid contained with cylinder 58 is displaced by the movement 
of piston 60. With ball 82 seating against the distal end of narrow 
conduit 78, backflow into the manifold 88 is prevented. Thus, the fluid 
contained in cylinder 58 is displaced through outlet channel 66 to spray 
nozzle 48 and sprayed against the surface to be cleaned. As the trigger 50 
is released, the spring 62 drives piston 60 back to its normal, at rest 
position. This movement of piston 60 unseats ball 82, as well as balls 
116, 120, to draw water and chemical concentrate from the water bottle 16 
and the concentrate bottle 18, respectively, into the inlet channel 64 and 
filling the cylinder 58. Cylinder 58 is thus loaded for the next actuation 
through the pulling of trigger 50. The pulling or pumping of the trigger 
50 causes the liquid from the two containers to be drawn up and mixed 
together in the desired ratio in the inlet chamber 64 and the cylinder 58. 
Orifice 100 and the restriction orifice 108 in chemical concentrate draw 
stem 104 are sized to obtain a particular and predetermined ratio of 
concentrate to diluent. The manifold arrangement of the present invention 
allows this to be done with relatively consistent accuracy. Normally the 
orifices would be sized so as to fix the dilution ratio somewhere from 
about three (3) to about eleven (11) parts water to one part water meaning 
that the water bottle 16 must be refilled through fill cap 20 several 
times before the concentrate within concentrate bottle 18 is spent. Spring 
118 adds to the accuracy and consistency of the dilution rate by providing 
a minimum cracking pressure which must be overcome before ball 116 is 
unseated allowing concentrate to be drawn into socket 98. The sizing of 
the orifices 100, 108 to obtain the desired mixing ratio will be known to 
those skilled in the art. The following are examples of actual sizes and 
dilution rates. 
The following two examples are intended only to show specific orifice sizes 
and spring constants for the specific ratios stated. 
EXAMPLE 1 
Desired dilution ration: 8.5 parts water to 1 part concentrate 
Liquids: 
1. Water 
2. Concentrate--viscosity: approximately 1 cps 
______________________________________ 
Orifice openings 
______________________________________ 
Water inlet (100) 0.125" 
Concentrate inlet (108) 
0.025" 
Spring constant 0.688 lbs/inch of deflection 
Dip tube inside diameters 
0.090" 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 2 
Desired dilution ration: 11 parts water to 1 part concentrate 
Liquids: 
1. Water 
2. Concentrate--viscosity: approximately 8 cps 
______________________________________ 
Orifice Openings 
______________________________________ 
Water inlet (100) 0.125" 
Concentrate inlet (108) 
0.021" 
Spring constant 0.688 lbs/inch of deflection 
Dip tube inside diameters 
0.090" 
______________________________________ 
As mentioned above, the spring 118 provides a minimum cracking pressure to 
unseat ball 116 thereby enhancing the accuracy and consistency of the 
dilution rate of manifold 88. Spring 118 also overcomes the problem of 
syphoning of the chemical concentrate from concentrate bottle 18 across 
manifold 88 and into water bottle 16. Syphoning can occur when the static 
head (liquid level plus vapor pressure) in concentrate bottle 18 is 
greater than the static head within water bottle 16, or vice versa. With 
the present invention, syphoning pressure will never be great enough to 
unseat ball 116 to allow concentrate to flow into socket 98. This is true 
even if the dispenser 10 of the present invention is laid on its side. 
Because, the preferably spring constant of spring 118 is preferably sized 
such that it will not unseat when the dispenser 10 is stored in a 
non-vertical position. Further, the prevention of syphoning is automatic. 
The user need not take some manual shut-off step when storing the device 
to prevent syphoning. 
Spring 118 also yields a significant safety benefit to the manifold 88 of 
the present invention. If water bottle 16 is emptied, actuation of the 
trigger 50 will not generate enough suction to unseat ball 116. Rather, 
only air will be pumped from water bottle 16. Because of this, concentrate 
alone cannot be sprayed with manifold 88. This is important in that the 
concentrate is intended to be used in a diluted form and, if sprayed in a 
concentrated form, it may be hazardous to the user, or to the surfaces on 
which it is sprayed, or to both. 
Another advantage of the manifold draw stem/dip tube arrangement of the 
present invention is that the user cannot inadvertently reverse the 
position of the manifold 88 with respect to the bottles 16, 18. A user 
will not be able to install spray head 12 onto composite cylindrical 
threaded nozzle 44 in such a manner that water dip tube 122 inserts into 
concentrate bottle 18. The only opening into concentrate bottle 18 is 
through dip tube 32 and since dip tube 32 is preferably with the same 
diameter as dip tube 122, one can not be inserted through the other. This 
is important in that the orifices 100, 108 are sized for a specific and 
predetermined ratio which ratio would be essentially reversed if the user 
was to inadvertently install the spray head 12 such that water was drawn 
on through second socket 98 and chemical concentrate was drawn through 
first socket 96. 
Although the valves of manifold 88 are described herein as being ball check 
valves, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that other types 
of check valves can be used as well, such as flapper type check valves. In 
the case of the check valve arrangement used in second socket 98, such 
alternative check valve arrangement would, of course, have to be biased to 
a normally closed position with the bias being strong enough to obviate 
syphoning. 
An alternative bottle configuration for use with the spray head 12 of the 
present invention is depicted in FIGS. 10 and 11. The alternative bottle 
configuration includes a water bottle 200. There is a fill cap 202 which 
threads onto a nozzle allowing the user to refill water bottle 200 without 
having to remove the spray head 12. At the top of water bottle 200 is the 
second threaded nozzle 206 to which spray head above is attached. Spray 
head 12 is the same spray head 12 described in connection with FIGS. 1 
through 9 and has the same manifold 88 installed therein. Residing within 
water bottle 200 is concentrate bottle 208 which has an enclosed top 210 
with a port therethrough. Affixed to enclosed top 210 and extending 
therefrom into concentrate bottle 208 is dip tube 212. The top of dip tube 
212 may be covered with a plastic film or other means preventing leakage 
of the chemical concentrate from concentrate bottle 208 until concentrate 
bottle 208 is installed within water bottle 200. Concentrate bottle 208 
further includes a lip 214 having a diameter greater than the diameter of 
the opening through nozzle 204. In such manner, concentrate bottle 208 is 
supported from nozzle 204 and hangs down into water bottle 200. There is 
channel 216 through enclosed top 210 and into a portion of the sidewall 
216 of concentrate bottle 208. Channel 216 allows the water dip tube 122 
extending from water draw stem 102 of manifold 88 to pass through the 
opening of nozzle 204 and past enclosed top 210 such that water dip tube 
122 draws from the reservoir water contained in water bottle 200. 
FIGS. 12 and 13 show an alternative embodiment of the manifold and 
concentrate bottle of the present invention. The alternative manifold 300 
includes a disk shaped member 302 having a water draw stem 304 and a 
concentrate draw stem 306 extending therefrom, having bores 308, 310 there 
through, respectively. Affixed to water draw stem 304 is water dip tube 
312. Note that sockets for residence of ball check valve arrangements are 
not provided in alternative manifold 300, although one may optionally be 
provided between disk-shaped member 302 and water draw stem 304. The 
alternative concentrate bottle 314 includes an enclosed top 316 having 
cylindrical leg 318 extending therefrom down into bottle 314. There is an 
orifice 320 at the base of cylindrical leg 318 through which liquid can 
pass. Affixed to the base of the cylindrical leg 318 is socket 322. Socket 
322 includes a hemispherical bottom and has residing therein a ball 324 
and a spring 326. There is a restriction orifice 328 through the 
hemispherical bottom of socket 322. Affixed to the base of socket 322 is 
concentrate dip tube 330. Spring 326 normally biases ball 324 against the 
hemispherical bottom of socket 322 to create a ball check valve 
arrangement. This check valve arrangement yields all of the advantages of 
the ball check arrangement contained within manifold 88 described above 
with the exception that some expense will be added to the cost of 
manufacture of the concentrate bottle 314. However, the cost of the 
alternative manifold 300 will be less than manifold 88. This alternative 
manifold 300 and concentrate bottle 314 arrangement also yields the 
advantage of a normally sealed container which, even if removed 
prematurely by user when the concentrate is still contained within 
concentrate bottle 314, will not create a potential gross exposure problem 
to the user of concentrate. 
Although the dispenser 10 of the present invention has been discussed 
herein in terms of the dilution of the chemical concentrate with water, it 
will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the manifold 88 of the 
present invention can be used to mix two chemicals rather than a chemical 
concentrate and water. 
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted 
to obtain all of the ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with 
other advantages which are apparent and which are inherent to the 
apparatus. 
It will be understood that certain features and combinations are of utility 
and may be employed with reference to other features and subcombinations. 
This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims. 
As many possible embodiments may be made of the invention without departing 
from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set 
forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as 
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.