Plant treatment agents

The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of individual plants with solid shaped plant treatment agents which are introduced into the sap conduction paths of the plants, new solid shaped plant treatment agents and their production.

The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of individual 
plants with solid shaped plant treatment agents which are introduced into 
the sap conduction paths of the plants, new solid shaped plant treatment 
agents and their production. 
It has already become known to inject solutions of certain insecticides or 
to implant pulverulent formulations into the trunks of deciduous and 
coniferous trees (Chemical Abstracts CA 108: 181 188w; CA 99: 83 692v; CA 
99: 181 184; and CA 87: 146 712). 
The method is limited to readily water-soluble active compounds having a 
systemic action. Handling of the method under conditions in practise, that 
is to say administering an adequate amount of active compound into the sap 
stream and thereby damaging the plant only minimally not only under 
experimental purposes on a very few plants, is unsatisfactory. 
It has already become known to embed active compounds in a polymer matrix, 
from which they are released again only slowly. Such slow-release shaped 
articles are used to release active compounds in the soil over a 
relatively long time (Chemical Abstract CA 100: 47 099 n; and U.S. Pat. 
No. 3,269,900). Other polymer/active compound formulations are employed to 
release readily vapourisable active compounds uniformly into the 
atmosphere over a relatively long period of time (U.S. Pat. No. 
3,318,764). Yet other polymer/active compound formulations are employed to 
protect animals from parasites. For this, the active compound, which 
migrates to the polymer surface, is rubbed off mechanically by the coat of 
the animal and distributed over the animal (U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,416). 
In the customary treatment of plants by atomising, spraying, dusting and 
the like, the active compound is distributed in a suitable formulation as 
far as possible over the entire surface of the plants. It then either 
encounters directly the plant pests to be combated, or it has to penetrate 
the protective layers of the plants in order to arrive at the sites of 
action via the sap stream of the plant. These treatment methods are 
associated with a high loss of active compound. The same applies to 
methods where active compound formulations are used in the root region, in 
which the active compound is taken up via the roots and arrives at the 
site of action via the sap stream. Here also, the active compound must be 
present in the soil in a sufficiently high concentration for the plants to 
be able to absorb enough active compound. 
To match the amount of active compound to be applied as precisely as 
possible to the actual requirement of the plant, it would be desirable for 
the required amount of active compound to be introduced directly into the 
sap stream of the plant. A prerequisite here is, however, that the plant 
(for example valuable productive fruit trees) is not damaged even after 
several applications. 
The present invention relates to: 
1. a process for the treatment of individual plants with solid shaped plant 
treatment agents in which the active compounds are contained in a matrix 
of a solid carrier material and which are introduced into the region of 
the sap conduction paths of the plants. 
2. Solid shaped plant treatment agents in which the active compounds are 
contained in a matrix of a solid carrier material and which are introduced 
into the region of the sap conduction paths of individual plants. 
3. A process for the production of solid shaped plant treatment agents 
which are introduced into the region of the sap conduction paths of 
individual plants, characterised in that active compounds are mixed and 
physically or chemically shaped with substances forming the matrix of a 
solid carrier. 
The process according to the invention is suitable for the treatment of 
valuable individual plants. These include stock and ornamental plants. 
Stock and ornamental plants which may be mentioned are: herbaceous plants, 
annual and perennial shrubs and woody plants, such as bushes and trees. 
The herbaceous plants include vegetables, such as tomatoes, paprika, 
aubergines, cucumbers, melons, cabbage species, potatoes and tobacco. The 
perennial shrubs include tea and coffee. The woody plants include the 
known berry- and fruit-bearing woody plants, pomaceous/stone fruit, 
berries, bananas, citrous, grapevines, palms (for example oil trees), 
cacao, olives, hops, roses and rhododendron, and also the woody plants 
used in forestry, such as beech, oak, spruce and fir. 
Cuttings, slips, tubers, bulbs and parts of leaf used for propagation may 
furthermore be mentioned. 
Pests which may be mentioned are phytopathogenic insects, arachnids and 
nematodes, and also fungi and bacteria. 
The insects include: 
From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium 
vulgare and Porcellio scaber. 
From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus. 
From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus and 
Scutigera spec. 
From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata. 
From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina. 
From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus. 
From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Blatta orientalis, 
Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica, Acheta 
domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, 
Melanoplus differentialis and Schistocerca gregaria. 
From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia. 
From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp. 
From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Phylloxera vastatrix, 
Pemphigus spp., Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp. and 
Linognathus spp. 
From the order of the Mallophaga, for example, Trichodectes spp. and 
Damalinea spp. 
From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Hercinothrips femoralis 
and Thrips tabaci. 
From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus 
intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus and 
Triatoma spp. 
From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia 
tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, 
Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Doralis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, 
Hyalopterus arundinis, Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, 
Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix 
cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, 
Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus 
spp. and Psylla spp. 
From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Pectinophora gossypiella, 
Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, 
Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella maculipennis, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis 
chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp. Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis 
citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, 
Heliothis spp., Spodoptera exigua, Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, 
Prodenia litura, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Caprocapsa pomonella, 
Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria 
mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila 
pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura 
fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima and Tortrix viridana. 
From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anobium punctatum, 
Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, 
Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon 
cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna 
varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., 
Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, 
Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma 
spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, 
Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., 
Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha, 
Amphimallon solstitialis and Costelytra zealandica. 
From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa 
spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis and Vespa spp. 
From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., 
Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora 
erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., 
Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma 
spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia 
spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae and Tipula 
paludosa. 
From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Xenopsylla cheopis and 
Ceratophyllus spp. 
From the order of the Arachnida, for example, Scorpio maurus and 
Latrodectus mactans. 
From the order of the Acarina, for example, Acarus siro, Argas spp., 
Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta 
oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma 
spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., 
Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp. and Tetranychus spp. 
The phytoparasitic nematodes include Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, 
Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Heterodera spp., 
Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp. and 
Trichodorus spp. 
The agents causing fungal and bacterial diseases include: 
Xanthomonas species, such as, for example, Xanthomonas campestris pv. 
oryzae; 
Pseudomonas species, such as, for example, Pseudomonas syringae pv. 
lachrymans; 
Erwinia species, such as, for example, Erwinia amylovora; 
Pythium species, such as, for example, Pythium ultimum; 
Phytophthora species, such as, for example, Phytophthora infestans; 
Pseudoperonospora species, such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuli 
or Pseudoperonospora cubense; 
Plasmopara species, such as, for example, Plasmopara viticola; 
Peronospora species, such as, for example, Peronospora pisi or P. 
brassicae; 
Erysiphe species, such as, for example, Erysiphe graminis; 
Sphaerotheca species, such as, for example, Sphaerotheca fuliginea; 
Podosphaera species, such as, for example, Podosphaera leucotricha; 
Venturia species, such as, for example, Venturia inaequalis; 
Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres or P. graminea 
(conidia form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium); 
Cochliobolus species, such as, for example, Cochliobolus sativus (conidia 
form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium); 
Uromyces species, such as, for example, Uromyces appendiculatus; 
Puccinia species, such as, for example, Puccinia recondita; 
Tilletia species, such as, for example, Tilletia caries; 
Ustilago species, such as, for example, Ustilago nuda or Ustilago avenae; 
Pellicularia species, such as, for example, Pellicularia sasakii; 
Pyricularia species, such as, for example, Pyricularia oryzae; 
Fusarium species, such as, for example, Fusarium culmorum; 
Botrytis species, such as, for example, Botrytis cinerea; 
Septoria species, such as, for example, Septoria nodorum; 
Leptosphaeria species, such as, for example, Leptosphaeria nodorum; 
Cercospora species, such as, for example, Cercospora canescens; 
Alternaria species, such as, for example, Alternaria brassicae and 
Pseudocercosporella species, such as, for example, Pseudocercosporella 
herpotrichoides. 
The good toleration, by plants, of the active compounds, at the 
concentrations required for combating plant diseases, permits treatment of 
above-ground parts of plants, of vegetative propagation stock and seeds. 
The agents according to the invention are employed in the form of nails, 
pegs, spikes, plugs, needles, hollow nails, strips, sheets, films, clamps, 
tapes, wires, threads, fibres, woven fabrics or knitted fabrics. 
These are either forced, pressed or knocked into soft tissue or pushed 
under carefully detached and raised bark or plant rubbers and covered with 
the detached bark or plant foliage again. 
Application of the shaped articles using one of the commercially available 
nailing or tacking apparatuses, for example based on compressed air, may 
be mentioned in particular. 
The active compounds include, in particular, insecticides and fungicides. 
Insecticides which may be mentioned as preferred are organic phosphorus 
compounds, such as phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, urea 
derivatives, such as benzoylureas, triazines, nitromethylenes and 
nitroguanidines. Juvenile hormones and juvenoid synthetic compounds, such 
as, for example, pyriproxyfen, methoprene and hydroprene, may also be 
mentioned. 
The pyrethoids include: 
Allethrin=2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2-propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Barthrin=(6-chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-methyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Bioresmethrin=[5-(phenyl-methyl)-3-furanyl]-methyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Bromethrin=(5-benzyl-3-furyl)-methyl 
2-(2,2-dibromo-vinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Cycloethrin=3-(2-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-2-cyclopenten-1-yl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Dimethrin=2,4-dimethylbenzyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Pyresmethrin=(5-benzyl-3-furyl)-methyl 
trans-(+)-3-(2-methoxycarbonyl-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxy 
late. 
Resmethrin=(5-benzyl-3-furyl)-methyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Tetramethrin=(1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,3-di-oxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-methyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
K-othrin=.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl) 
2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Permethrin (FMC 33297) (NRDC 143)=cis-trans-(+)-m-phenoxybenzyl 
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Cinerin I=2-(2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Pyrethrin I=4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Cinerin II=2-(2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Pyrethrin II=4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2,4-pentadienyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Jasmolin I=4',5'-dihydropyrethrin I. 
Jasmolin II=4',5'-dihydropyrethrin II. 
Biothanometrin=(5-benzyl-3-furyl)-methyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-cyclopentylvinyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Bioethanomethrin=(3-diphenyl ether)-methyl 
2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Cypermethrin=(3-diphenyl ether)-cyanomethyl 
2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Decamethrin=(3-diphenyl ether)-cyanomethyl 
2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-3,3-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
ES-56=2,3-dihydrofuran 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Fenpropanate (S-3206)=(3-diphenyl ether)-cyanomethyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3,3-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Fenvalerate (S-5602)=(3-diphenyl ether)-cyanomethyl 
[(p-chlorophenyl)-(isopropyl)]-acetate. 
. . (S-5439)=3-diphenyl ether)-methyl 
[(p-chlorophenyl)-(isopropyl)-acetate. 
Cismethrin=5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Phenomethrin=(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate. 
Cyfluthrin=4-fluoro-3-(diphenyl ether)-cyanomethylol 
2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate. 
The carbamates include: 
Aldicarb=2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propanal O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime. 
Aldoxycarb=2-methyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)propanal 
O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime. 
Aminocarb=4-dimethylamino-3-methylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
Bendiocarb=2,2-dimethyl-benzo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl N-methylcarbamate. 
Bufencarb=3-(1-methylbutyl)phenyl methylcarbamate and 
3-(1-ethylpropyl)-phenyl methylcarbamate (3:1). 
Butacarb=3,5-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl methylcarbamate. 
Butocarboxime=3-methylthio-2-butane O-((methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. 
Butoxycarboxime=3-methylsulphonyl-2-butanone 
O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime. 
2-sec-Butylphenyl methylcarbamate=2-(1-methylpropyl)-phenyl 
methylcarbamate. 
Carbanolate=2-chloro-4,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
Carbaryl=1-naphthalenyl methylcarbamate. 
Carbofuran=2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate. 
Cartap=S,S'-[2-dimethylamino)-1,3-propanediyl] carbamethioate. 
Decarbofuran=2,3-dihydro-2-methylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate. 
Dimetilan=1-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 
dimethylcarbamate. 
Dioxacarb=2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl methylcarbamate. 
Ethiofencarb=2-ethylthiomethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
Fenethacarb=3,5-diethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
Formetanate=3-dimethylaminoethylenaminophenyl methylcarbamate. 
Formparanate=3-methyl-4-dimethylamino-methylenaminophenyl methylcarbamate. 
Isoprocarb=2-isopropylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
Methiocarb=3,5-dimethyl-4-methylthiophenyl methylcarbamate. 
Methomyl=methyl N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-ethanimidothioate. 
Mexacarbate=4-dimethylamino-3,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
Nabam=disodium 1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodithioate). 
Nitrilacarb=(4,4-dimethyl-5-methylamino-carbonyloximino)pentanenitrile. 
ZnCl.sub.2. 
Oxamil=methyl 
2-(dimethylamino)-N-[[(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxy]-2-oxoethanimidothioate. 
Pirimicarb=2-(dimethylamino)-5,6-dimethyl-4-pyrimidinyl dimethylcarbamate. 
Promecarb=3-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)phenyl methylcarbamate. 
Propoxur=2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate. 
Thiofanox=3,3-dimethyl-(methylthio)-2-butanone 
O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime. 
Thiocarboxim=1-(2-cyanoethylthio)-ethylenaminomethyl carbamate. 
Thiram=tetramethylthioperoxy-dicarbonic diamide. 
Trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate=3,4,5-trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
3,4-Xylylmethylcarbamate=3,4-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
3,5-Xylyl methylcarbamate=3,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate. 
The organophosphorus compounds include: 
Acephate=O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoroaminothioate. 
Amidithion=S-(N-2-methoxyethylcarbamoylmethyl)-di-methylphosphorodithioate. 
Amiton=S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] diethyl phosphorothioate. 
Athidation=O,O-diethyl S-5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-methyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Azinphos-ethyl=O,O-diethyl S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-(4H)-yl)methyl] 
phosphorodithioate. 
Azinphos-methyl=O,O-dimethyl S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)yl)methyl] 
phosphorodithioate. 
Azothoate=O,O-dimethyl O-[p-(p-chlorophenylazo)-phenyl] phosphorothioate. 
Bromophos=O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate. 
Bromophos-ethyl=O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O,O-diethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Butonate=O,O-dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)phosphonate. 
Carbophenothion=S-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]methyl O,O-diethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Chlorfenvinphos=2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-ethenyl diethyl phosphate. 
Chlormephos=S-chloromethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate. 
Chlorphoxim=7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-3,5-dioxa-6-aza-4-phosphaoct-6-ene- 
8-nitrile 4-sulphide. 
Chlorprazophos=O,O-diethyl O-3-chloro-7-methyl-pyrazolo[1,5a]pyrimidin-2-yl 
phosphorothioate. 
Chlorpyrifos=O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate. 
Chlorpyrifos-methyl=O,O-dimethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Chlorthiophos=O-2,5-dichloro-4-(methylthio)-phenyl O,O-diethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Coumaphos=O-3-chloro-4-methylcouramin-7-yl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate. 
Coumithoate=O,O-diethyl 
O-(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6-oxo-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-3-yl phosphorothioate. 
Cortoxyphos=1-phenylethyl (E)-3-[(dimethoxyphosphonyl)-oxy]-2-butenoate. 
Crufomate=2-chloro-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl methyl 
methylphosphoramidate. 
Cyanofenphos=O-4-cyanophenyl O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioate. 
Cyanophos=O-4-cyanophenyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate. 
Cyanthoate=O,O-diethyl S-[N-(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)]-carbamoylmethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Demephion=O,O-dimethyl O-2-methylthioethyl phosphorothioate and 
O,O-dimethyl S-2-methylthioethyl phosphorothioate. 
Demeton=O,O-diethyl O-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl 
S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorothioate. 
Demeton-S-methyl=O,O-dimethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorothioate. 
Demeton-S-methylsulphone=S-2-ethylsulphonylethyl O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Demeton-S=O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorothioate. 
Demeton-O=O,O-diethyl O-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]phosphorothioate. 
Demeton-O-methyl=O,O-dimethyl-O-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorothioate. 
Dialifos=S-[2-chloro-1-(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxy-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl] 
O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate. 
Diazinon=O,O-diethyl O-[6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl] 
phosphorothioate. 
Dichlorfenthion=O,O-diethyl O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate. 
O-2,4-dichlorophenyl O-ethylphenyl phosphonothioate. 
Dichlorvos=dimethyl 2,2-dichloroethenyl phosphate. 
Dicrotophos=dimethyl 3-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl phosphate. 
Dimefox=bis(dimethylamino)fluorophosphine oxide. 
Dimethoate=O,O-dimethyl-S-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxo-ethyl]phosphorodithioate. 
1,3-Di-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-propen-2-yl dimethyl phosphate=dimethyl 
3-[(dimethoxyphosphinyl)oxy]-2-pentenedioate. 
Dioxathion=S,S'-1,4-dioxane-2,3-diyl O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl 
di-(phosphorodithioate). 
Disulphoton=O,O-dhetyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate. 
EPN=O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate. 
Endothion=O,O-dimethyl S-(5-methoxy-4-pyran-2-yl-methyl) phosphorothioate. 
Ethion=O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl-S,S'-methylene di(phosphorodithioate). 
S-ethylsulphinylmethyl O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate. 
Ethoate-methyl=O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-ethylcarbamoyl-methyl) phosphorodithioate. 
Ethoprophos=O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate. 
Etrimfos=O-(6-ethoxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrimidinyl) O,O-di-methyl phosphorothioate. 
Famphur=O,O-dimethyl O-p-(dimethylsulphamoyl)-phenyl phosphorothioate. 
Fenchlorphos=O,O-dimethyl O-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate. 
Fensulphothion=O,O-diethyl O-4-(methylsulphinyl)phenyl phosphorothioate. 
Fenthion=O,O-dimethyl O-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl] phosphorothioate. 
Fonophos=O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate. 
Formothion=S-[2-(formylmethylamino)-2-oxoethyl] O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Fospirate=dimethyl 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate. 
Fosthietan=diethyl 1,3-dithietan-2-ylidenephosphoramidate. 
Heptenophos=7-chlorobicyclo[3,2,0]-hepta-2,6-dien-6-yl dimethyl phosphate. 
Iodofenphos=O-2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate. 
Isofenphos=1-methylethyl 2-[[ethoxy-[(1-methylethyl)-amino] 
phosphinothioyl]oxy]benzoate. 
Leptophos=O-4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl O-methylphenyl phosphonothioate. 
Lythidathion=O,O-dimethyl 
S-(5-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-methyl) 
phosphorodithioate. 
Malathion=diethyl (dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thiobutenedioate. 
Mazidox=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphosphorodiamidic azide. 
Mecarbam=ethyl [[(diethoxyphosphinothioyl) thio ] acetyl]-methylcarbamate. 
Mecarphon=N-methylcarbonyl-N-methyl-carbamoyl-methyl O-methyl 
methylphosphonodithioate. 
Menazon=S-[(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-methyl] O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Mephosfolan=diethyl 4-methyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenephosphoroamidate. 
Methamidophos=O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate. 
Methidathion=S-[[5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-yl]methyl] 
O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate. 
Methocrotophos=dimethyl cis-2-(N-methoxy-N-methyl)-carbamoyl)-1-methylvinyl 
phosphate. 
The 2-sulphide of 2-methoxy-4H-benzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin. 
Methyl carbophenotion=S-[[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-methyl] O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Mevinphos=methyl 3-[(dimethoxyphosphinyl)oxy]-2-butenoate. 
Monocrotophos=dimethyl 1-methyl-3-(methylamino)-3-oxo-1-propenyl phosphate. 
Morphothion=O,O-dimethyl S-(morpholino-carbonylmethyl) phosphorodithioate. 
Naled=dimethyl 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl phosphate. 
Omethoate=O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxo-ethyl] phosphorothioate. 
Oxydemeton-methyl=S-[2-(ethylsulphinyl)ethyl] O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Oxydisulphoton=O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethyl-sulphinyl)-ethyl] 
phosphorodithioate. 
Parathion=O,O-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. 
Parathion-methyl=O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. 
Phenkapton=O,O-diethyl S-(2,5-dichloro-phenylthiomethyl) 
phosphorodithioate. 
Phenthoate=ethyl .alpha.-[(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]-benzene-acetate. 
Phorate=O,O-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate. 
Phosalone=S-[(6-chloro-2-oxo(2H)-benzoxazolyl]methyl] O-diethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Phospholan=diethyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene phosphoramidate. 
Phosmet=S-[(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-methyl] O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Phosnichlor=O,O-dimethyl O-4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate. 
Phosphamidon=2-chloro-3-(diethylamino)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl dimethyl 
phosphate. 
Phoxim=.alpha.-[[diethoxyphosphinothioyl)oxy]imino)-benzeneacetonitrile. 
Pirimiphos-ethyl=O-[2-(diethylamino)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] O,O-diethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Pirimiphos-methyl=O-[2-(diethylamino)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] O,O-dimethyl 
phosphorothioate. 
Profenofos=O-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate. 
Propetamphos=(E)-1-methylethyl 
3-[[(ethylamino)-methoxyphosphinothioyl]oxy]-2-butenoate. 
Prothidathion=O,O-diethyl 
S-(2,3-dihydro-5-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-methyl) 
phosphorodithioate. 
Prothoate=O,O-diethyl S-[2-(1-methylethyl)amino-2-oxo-ethyl] 
phosphorodithioate. 
Quinalphos=O,O-diethyl O-2-quinoxalinyl phosphorothioate. 
Quinothion=O,O-diethyl 2-methylquinolin-4-yl phosphorothioate. 
Quintiofos=O-ethyl O-8-quinolinoyl phenylphosphonothioate. 
Sophamide=O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methoxy-methyl)-carbamoylmethyl 
phosphorodithioate. 
Sulfotepp=tetraethyl thiodiphosphate. 
Sulprofos=O-ethyl O-(4-methylthiophenyl) S-propyl phosphorodithioate. 
Temephos=O,O'-(thiodi-4,1-phenylene) O,O,O',O'-tetramethyl 
di(phosphorodithioate). 
Tepp=tetraethyl diphosphate. 
Terbufos=S-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)thiomethyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate. 
Tetrachlorvinphos=dimethyl trans-2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)vinyl 
phosphate. 
O,O,O',O'-tetrapropyl dithiopyrophosphate=tetrapropyl thiodiphosphate. 
Thiometon=O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate. 
Thionazin=O,O-diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate. 
Triazophos=O,O-diethyl O-(phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) phosphorothioate. 
Trichloronat=O-ethyl O-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate. 
Trichlorphon=dimethyl 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl phosphonate. 
Vamidothion=O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(1-methylcarbamoylethyleneethyl] 
phosphorothioate. 
The benzoylureas include compounds of the formula: 
##STR1## 
wherein R.sup.1 represents halogen, 
R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or halogen, 
R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl and 
R.sub.4 represents halogen, 1-5-halogen-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 
-alkoxy, 1-5-halogeno-C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 -alkylthio, 
1-5-halogeno-C.sub.1-4 -alkylthio phenoxy or pyridyloxy which can 
optionally be substituted by halogen, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, 
1-5-halogeno-C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy, 1-5-halogeno-C.sub.1-4 
-alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 -alkylthio, 1-5-halogeno-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio. 
Benzoylureas which may be mentioned in particular are those of the formula: 
______________________________________ 
#STR2## 
R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.4 
______________________________________ 
H Cl CF.sub.3 
Cl Cl CF.sub.3 
F F CF.sub.3 
H F CF.sub.3 
H Cl SCF.sub.3 
F F SCF.sub.3 
H F SCF.sub.3 
H Cl OCF.sub.3 
F F OCF.sub.3 
H F OCF.sub.3 
- F F 
#STR3## 
- F F 
#STR4## 
- F F 
#STR5## 
______________________________________ 
The triazines include compounds of the formula 
##STR6## 
wherein R.sub.1 represents cyclopropyl or isopropyl; 
R.sub.2 denotes hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylcarbonyl, 
cyclopropylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylcarbamoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 
-alkylthiocarbamoyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenylcarbamoyl; and 
R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, cyclopropyl, C.sub.2 
-C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylcarbonyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, 
C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylcarbamoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylthiocarbamoyl 
or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenylcarbamoyl, and acid addition salts thereof 
which are non-toxic to warm-blooded animals. 
Compounds which may be mentioned in particular are: 
______________________________________ 
R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 
______________________________________ 
Cyclopropyl 
H H 
Cyclopropyl H CH.sub.3 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.2 H.sub.5 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.4 H.sub.9 -n 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.5 H.sub.11 -n 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.6 H.sub.13 -n 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.7 H.sub.15 -n 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.8 H.sub.17 -n 
Cyclopropyl H C.sub.12 H.sub.25 -n 
Cyclopropyl H CH.sub.2 -C.sub.4 H.sub.9 -t 
Cyclopropyl H CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)C.sub.2 H.sub.5 
Cyclopropyl H CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 
Cyclopropyl Cl C.sub.2 H.sub.5 
Cyclopropyl Cl C.sub.6 H.sub.13 -n 
Cyclopropyl Cl C.sub.8 H.sub.17 -n 
Cyclopropyl Cl C.sub.12 H.sub.5 -n 
Cyclopropyl H Cyclopropyl 
Cyclopropyl H COCH.sub.3 
Cyclopropyl H COCH.sub.3 HCl 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.2 H.sub.5 .multidot. HCl 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.2 H.sub.5 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -i 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.4 H.sub.9 -t .multidot. HCl 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.4 H.sub.9 -n 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.6 H.sub.13 -n 
Cyclopropyl H COC.sub.11 -H.sub.23 -n 
Cyclopropyl COCH.sub.3 COC.sub.2 H.sub.5 
Cyclopropyl COC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n COC.sub.6 H.sub.13 -n 
Cyclopropyl COCH.sub.3 COC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n 
Cyclopropyl COC.sub.2 H.sub.5 COC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n 
Cyclopropyl H COCyclopropyl 
Cyclopropyl COCy: cyclopropyl COCyclopropyl 
Cyclopropyl COCH.sub.3 COCH.sub.3 
Isopropyl H H 
Isopropyl H COCH.sub.3 
Isopropyl H COC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -n 
Cyclopropyl H CONHCH.sub.3 
Cyclopropyl H CONHC.sub.3 H.sub.7 -i 
Cyclopropyl CONHCH.sub.3 CONHCH.sub.3 
Cyclopropyl H CSNHCH.sub.3 
Cyclopropyl H CONHCH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 
Cyclopropyl CONHCH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 CONHCH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 
Cyclopropyl CSNHCH.sub.3 CSNHCH.sub.3 
______________________________________ 
The nitromethylenes and nitroguanidines and cyanimides include compounds 
which can preferably be summarised under the general formula I 
##STR7## 
in which R represents hydrogen or optionally substituted acyl, alkyl, 
aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl radicals; 
A represents a monofunctional group from the series comprising hydrogen, 
acyl, alkyl and aryl, or represents a bifunctional group, which is linked 
to the radical Z; 
E represents an electron-withdrawing group, such as, for example, NO.sub.2 
or CN; 
X represents the radicals --CH.dbd. or .dbd.N--, wherein the radical 
--CH.dbd. can be linked to the radical Z instead of an H atom; and 
Z represents a monofunctional group from the series comprising alkyl, 
--O--R, --S--R or 
##STR8## 
or represents a bifunctional group, which is linked to the radical A or 
the radical X. 
Particularly preferred compounds of the formula are those in which the 
radicals having the following meaning: 
R represents hydrogen, or represents optionally substituted radicals from 
the series comprising acyl, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl and 
heteroarylalkyl. 
Acyl radicals which may be mentioned are formyl, alkylcarbonyl, 
arylcarbonyl, alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl and (alkyl)- or 
(aryl)-phosphoryl, which can in turn be substituted. 
Alkyl which may be mentioned is C.sub.1-10 -alkyl, in particular C.sub.1-4 
-alkyl, specifically methyl, ethyl, i-propyl or sec- or t-butyl, which can 
in turn be substituted. 
Aryl which may be mentioned is phenyl or naphthyl, in particular phenyl. 
Aralkyl which may be mentioned is phenylmethyl or phenethyl. 
Heteroaryl which may be mentioned is heteroaryl having up to 10 ring atoms 
and N, O or S, in particular N, as hetero atoms. Radicals which may be 
mentioned specifically are thiophenyl, furyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, 
pyridyl and benzothiazolyl. 
Heteroarylalkyl which may be mentioned is heteroarylmethyl, or 
heteroarylethyl having up to 6 ring atoms and N, O and S, in particular N, 
as hetero atoms. 
Substituents which may be mentioned as examples and as preferred are: 
alkyl having preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms, such as 
methyl, ethyl, n- and i-propyl and n-, i- and t-butyl; alkoxy having 
preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms, such as methoxy, 
ethoxy, n- and i-propyloxy and n-, i- and t-butyloxy; alkylthio having 
preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms, such as methylthio, 
ethylthio, n- and i-propylthio and n-, i- and t-butylthio; halogenoalkyl 
having preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms and 
preferably 1 to 5, in particular 1 to 3, halogen atoms, the halogen atoms 
being identical or different and preferred halogen atoms being fluorine, 
chlorine or bromine, in particular fluorine, such as trifluoromethyl; 
hydroxyl; halogen, preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, in 
particular fluorine, chlorine and bromine; cyano; nitro; amino; monoalkyl- 
and dialkylamino having preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon 
atoms per alkyl group, such as methylamino, methylethyl-amino, n- and 
i-propylamino and methyl-n-butylamino; carboxyl; carbalkoxy having 
preferably 2 to 4, in particular 2 or 3, carbon atoms, such as 
carbomethoxy and carboethoxy; sulpho(--SO.sub.3 H); alkylsulphonyl having 
preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms, such as 
methylsulphonyl and ethylsulphonyl; arylsulphonyl having preferably 6 or 
10 aryl carbon atoms, such as phenylsulphonyl; and heteroarylamino and 
heteroarylalkylamino, such as chloropyridylamino and 
chloropyridylmethylamino. 
A represents hydrogen or optionally substituted radicals from the series 
comprising acyl, alkyl and aryl, which preferably have the abovementioned 
meanings. A furthermore represents a bifunctional group. Optionally 
substituted alkylene having 1 to 4, in particular 1-2, C atoms, 
substituents which may be mentioned being the substituents listed above, 
may be mentioned. 
A and Z, together with the atoms to which they are bonded, can form a 
saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring. The heterocyclic ring can 
contain a further 1 or 2 identical or different hetero atoms and/or hetero 
groups. Preferred hetero atoms are oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen, and hetero 
groups are N-alkyl, the alkyl of the N-alkyl group preferably containing 1 
to 4, in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl, n- and i-propyl 
and n-, i- and t-butyl may be mentioned as alkyl. The heterocyclic ring 
contains 5 to 7, preferably 5 or 6, ring members. 
Examples of the heterocyclic ring which may be mentioned are 
imidazolidine, tetrahydropyrimidine, thiazolidine, 2H-thiazine, 
hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, 
hexymethyleneimine, morpholine and N-methylpiperazine. 
E represents an electron-withdrawing radical, No.sub.2 CN, 
halogenoalkylcarbonyl, such as 1-5-halogeno-C.sub.1-4 -carbonyl, 
especially COCF.sub.3, being mentioned in particular. p1 X represents 
--CH.dbd. or --N.dbd.. 
Z represents optionally substituted alkyl, --OR, --SR or --NRR radicals, 
wherein R and the substituents preferably have the abovementioned meaning. 
Z, together with the atom to which it is bonded and the radical in the 
position of X, can form a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring. The 
heterocyclic ring can contain a further 1 or 2 identical or different 
hetero atoms and/or hetero groups. 
Preferred hetero atoms are oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen, and hetero groups 
are N-alkyl, the alkyl of the N-alkyl group preferably containing 1 to 4, 
in particular 1 or 2, carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl, n- and i-propyl and n-, 
i- and t-butyl may be mentioned as alkyl. The heterocyclic ring contains 5 
to 7, preferably 5 or 6, ring members. 
Examples of the heterocyclic ring which may be mentioned are 
imidazolidine, tetrahydropyrimidine, thiazolidine, 2H-thiazine, 
hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, 
hexymethyleneimine, morpholine and N-methylpiperazine. 
Compounds which may be mentioned as compounds which can especially 
preferably be used according to the invention are those of the general 
formulae II and III: 
##STR9## 
in which n represents 1 or 2, 
Subst. represents one of the abovementioned substituents, in particular 
halogen, especially chlorine, and 
A, Z, X and E have the abovementioned meanings, 
##STR10## 
in which the radicals have the abovementioned meaning. 
The following compounds may be mentioned specifically: 
##STR11## 
These compounds are agonists or antagonists of the nicotinergic 
acetylcholine receptors of insects, and are known as such from the 
following publications: 
European Published Specifications No. 464 830, 428 941, 425 978, 386 565, 
383 091, 375 907, 364 844, 315 826, 259 738, 254 859, 235 725, 212 600, 
192 060, 163 855, 154 178, 136 636, 303 570, 302 833, 306 696, 189 972, 
455 000, 135 956, 471 372 and 302 389; 
German Offenlegungsschriften No. 3 639 877 and 3 712 307; 
Japanese Published Specifications No. 03 220 176, 02 207 083, 63 307 857, 
63 287 764, 03 246 283, 04 9371, 03 279 359 and 03 255 072; 
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,034,524, 4,948,798, 4,918,086, 5,039,686 and 5,034,404; 
PCT Applications No. WO 91/17 659 and 91/4965; 
French Application No. 2 611 114; and 
Brazilian Application No. 88 03 621. 
Reference is expressly made here to the generic formulae and definitions 
described in these publications and to the individual compounds described 
therein. 
Preferred fungicides which may be mentioned are: 
Sulfenamides, such as dichlorfluanid (Euparen), tolylfluanid 
(Methyleuparen), folpet and fluorfolpet; 
benzimidazoles, such as carbendazim (MBC), benomyl, fuberidazole, 
thiabendazole or salts thereof; 
thiocyanates, such as thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB) and 
methylene bisthiocyanate (MBT); 
quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium 
chloride, benzyl-dimethyl-dodecyl-ammonium chloride and 
dodecyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride; morpholine derivatives, such as 
C.sub.11 -C.sub.14 -4-alkyl-2,6-dimethyl-morpholine homologues 
(tridemorph), 
(.+-.)-cis-4-(3-tert.-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine 
(fenpropimorph) and falimorph; 
phenols, such as o-phenylphenol, tribromophenol, tetrachlorophenol, 
pentachlorophenol, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, di-chlorophen, chlorophen or 
salts thereof; 
azoles, such a triadimefon, triadimenol, bitertanol, tebuconazole, 
propiconazole, azaconazole, hexaconazole, prochloraz, cyproconazole, 
1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2 
-ol and 
1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-ol. 
Iodopropargyl derivatives, such as iodopropargyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), 
chlorophenylformal, phenylcarbamate, hexylcarbamate and 
cyclohexylcarbamate and iodopropargyloxyethyl phenylcarbamate; 
iodine derivatives, such as diiodomethyl-p-aryl-sulphones, for example 
diiodomethyl-p-tolyl-sulphone; 
bromine derivatives, such as bromopol; 
isothiazolines, such as N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 
5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 
4,5-dichloro-N-octyl-isothiazolin-3-one, N-octylisothiazolin-3-one 
(octilinone); 
benzisothiazolinones and cyclopentene-isothiazolines; 
pyridines, such as 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione and 
tetrachloro-4-methylsulphonylpyridine; 
nitrites, such as 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil) and 
the like, and microbicides having an activated halogen group, such as 
Cl--Ac, MCA, tectamer, bromopol and bromidox; 
benzothiazoles, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles; . . . dazomet; and 
quinolines, such as 8-hydroxyquinoline. 
Insecticides which may be mentioned as particularly preferred are: 
phosphoric acid esters, such as azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, 
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(O-ethyl-S-propyl)phosphoryloxypyrazole (TIA-230), 
chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, demeton, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, 
dimethoate, ethoprophos, etrimfos, fenitrothion, fention, heptenophos, 
parathion, parathion-methyl, phosalone, phoxion, pirimiphos-ethyl, 
pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprofos, triazophos and 
trichlorphon. 
Carbamates, such as aldicarb, bendiocarb, BPMC (2-(1-methylpropyl)phenyl 
methylcarbamate), butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, 
carbosulphan, cloethocarb, isoprocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, 
promecarb, propoxur and thiodicarb. 
Pyrethroids, such as allethrin, alphamethrin, bioresmethrin, byfenthrin, 
(FMC 54 800), cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, decamethrion, cyhalothrin, 
cypermethrin, deltamethrin, alpha-cyano-3-phenyl-2-methylbenzyl 
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-chloro-2-trifluoromethylvinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate, 
fenpropathrin, fenfluthrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, 
fluvalinate, permethrin and resmethrin; and nitroimino and nitroimides, 
such as 
1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-amine 
(imidacloprid). 
Substances forming the matrix of a solid carrier are solid degradable 
organic substances such as solid fatty acids and their salts, solid fats, 
waxes, solid paraffins, solid surface active agents and bentonite and 
furthermore polymeric carrier materials. Preferred are polymeric carrier 
materials. 
Polymeric carrier materials which may be mentioned are: 
all the polymers which can be used for the preparation of plastics moulding 
compositions, such as, for example, polyolefins, such as polyethylene, 
polyisobutylene and polypropylene; vinyl polymers, such as polyvinyl 
chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene and 
polyacrylonitrile; polyacrylates and polymethacrylates; polyacetals; 
polycondensates and polyadducts, such as polyamides, polyesters, 
polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyalkylene terephthalates; polyaryl 
ethers and polyimides, as well as high molecular weight polyalkylene 
oxides, such as homo- and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene 
oxide, polyalkylenoxidalkylethers or polyalkylenoxidealkylarylethers. 
Polymers which may furthermore be mentioned are copolymers of olefin/vinyl 
esters, such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers; ethylene/vinyl alcohol 
copolymers; olefin/acrylate and methacrylate copolymers, such as 
ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymers and 
ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymers; and ABS copolymers, 
styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene/butadiene copolymers and 
olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers, such as ethylene/maleic anhydride 
copolymers. 
Polymeric carrier materials which can furthermore be used are: 
starch polymers, such as natural starch, amylose and starch 
polymer/thermoplastic mixtures; sugar polymers, such as polymaltoses; and 
celluloses and cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose esters, cellulose 
ethers and cellulose nitrate. 
Polyoxyalkylated celluloses, starches and lignin sulfonates. Hydrogels, 
such as alginates. 
Naturally occurring resins, such as colophony, gum Arabic and agar--agar. 
Polymeric carrier materials which may furthermore be mentioned are 
thermoplastic elastomers. These are materials which contain elastomeric 
phases either physically mixed into or chemically bonded in polymers which 
can be processed as thermoplastics. A distinction is made between 
polyblends, in which the elastomeric phases are present in physically 
mixed-in form, and block copolymers, in which the elastomeric phases are a 
constituent of the polymeric matrix. As a result of the build-up of the 
thermoplastic elastomers, hard and soft regions are present side by side. 
The hard regions here form a crystalline network structure or a continuous 
phase, the intermediate spaces of which are filled by elastomeric 
segments. Because of this build-up, these materials have rubber-like 
properties. 
A distinction is made between 5 main groups of the thermoplastic elastomers 
which may be mentioned as preferred at this point: 
1. Copolyesters 
2. Polyether block amides (PEBA) 
3. Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) 
4. Thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO) 
5. Styrene block copolymers. 
Mixtures of the polymers mentioned can of course also be used as the 
polymeric carrier materials. 
Preferred polymeric carrier materials are polymers which can be processed 
as thermoplastics and have processing temperatures of 50-260.degree. C., 
particularly preferably 50-200.degree. C. 
Polymers which can be degraded via photochemical processes, such as 
ethylene/CO copolymers, vinyl ketone copolymers and polymers containing 
additives which initiate photodegradation, are furthermore preferred. 
Particularly preferred polymers are those from the group of biodegradable 
polymers, such as starch polymers and starch polymer/thermoplastic 
mixtures; sugar polymers; celluloses and cellulose derivatives; 
polyoxyalkylated celluloses and starches; hydrogels, such as alginates; 
naturally occurring resins, such as colophony, gum Arabic and agar-agar; 
homo- and copolymers of lactic acid, such as polylactides and polylactide 
glycolides, as well as polyglycolides. Poly-e-caprolactone and polymers 
from the group comprising polyhydroxyalkanoates, such as 
poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyric with 
3-hydroxyvaleric acid (PHBV), are especially preferred. 
Polymers from the group of polycondensates which are particularly suitable 
are polyamides and/or polyesters having a melting or softening point of 
50-160.degree. C. From the substance class of polyamides, those which are 
preferred are homopolyamides and/or copolyamides of .omega.-aminocaproic 
acid, .omega.-aminooenanthic acid, .omega.-aminocaprylic acid, 
.omega.-aminopelargonic acid, .omega.-aminocapric acid, 
.omega.-aminoundecylic acid, .omega.-aminolauric acid and/or caprolactam, 
lactam-7, lactam-8, lactam-9, lactam-10, lactam-11 or lauryllactam, and/or 
of dimethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, 
pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, polyether-diamine and oxalic 
acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic 
acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, nonanedicarboxylic acid, 
decanedicarboxylic acid, undecanedicarboxylic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic 
acid and dimerised fatty acid. 
Those of caprolactam, lauryllactam, .omega.-aminolauric acid, 
.omega.-aminocaproic acid, hexamethylenediamine, polyether-di-amine, 
adipic acid, dimerised fatty acid or mixtures thereof are particularly 
preferred. 
From the substance class of polyesters, homopolyesters and/or copolyesters 
of .omega.-hydroxyacetic acid, .omega.-hydroxypropionic acid, 
.omega.-hydroxybutyric acid, .omega.-hydroxyvaleric acid, 
.omega.-hydroxycaproic acid, .omega.-hydroxyoenanthic acid, 
.omega.-hydroxycaprylic acid, .omega.-hydroxypelargonic acid, 
.omega.-hydroxycapric acid, .omega.-hydroxyundecylic acid, 
.omega.-hydroxylauric acid and/or caprolactone, lactone-7, lactone-8, 
lactone-9, lactone-10, lactone-11, lauryllactone and/or ethylene glycol, 
propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, an aliphatic diol 
mixture having 2 to 18 C atoms and oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic 
acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic 
acid, sebacic acid, nonanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, 
undecanedicarboxylic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, 
isophthalic acid and/or anhydrides thereof and/or chlorides thereof and/or 
esters thereof are preferred. 
Preferred polymeric carrier materials are formed from polyurethanes. 
Polyurethanes are prepared in a manner which is known per se by reaction 
of polyisocyanates with higher molecular weight compounds which contain at 
least two groups which are reactive towards isocyanates, and if 
appropriate low molecular weight chain-lengthening agents and/or 
monofunctional chain stoppers (see, for example, S. H. Saunders, K. C. 
Frisch; Polyurethanes, Part I, High Polymer Science XVI, Interscience 
Publishers, New York 1962). 
Preferred polyisocyanates are in general the toluylene diisocyanates and 
the diphenylmethane diisocyanates. 
It is of course possible to use mixtures of the above-mentioned compounds 
having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive towards isocyanates 
and a molecular weight of 400 to 10 000, for example mixtures of 
polyethers and polyesters. 
Possible starting components for polyurethane polymerisation which are 
optionally to be enjoyed are also compounds having at least two hydrogen 
atoms which are reactive towards isocyanates and a molecular weight of 32 
to 400. In this case also, this is understood as meaning compounds 
containing hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups and/or thiol groups and/or 
carboxyl groups, preferably compounds containing hydroxyl groups and/or 
amino groups, which serve as chain-lengthening agents or crosslinking 
agents. These compounds as a rule have 2 to 8 hydrogen atoms which are 
reactive towards isocyanates, preferably 2 or 3 reactive hydrogen atoms. 
Photodegradable polymers are polymers which contain groups which are 
sensitive to UV light and/or additives which initiate photochemical 
reactions. 
Polymers containing groups which are sensitive to UV light which may be 
mentioned are the copolymers of ethylene and carbon monoxide prepared by 
free radical polymerisation, such as are described, for example, in U.S. 
Pat. No. 2,495,286 and DE 2,316,697 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,921,144. The 
copolymers, described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,759,952, 
3,811,931, 385,814, 3,860,538 and 3,878,169, of vinyl monomers containing 
keto groups, such as methyl vinyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone and 
ethyl vinyl ketone, with, for example, polyolefins, such as ethylene, 
propylene and vinyl compounds, such as styrene and methyl methacrylate, 
may furthermore be mentioned. Such products are obtainable, for example, 
under the name .sup.R Ecolyte, and can be employed as the polymeric 
carrier materials either by themselves or, preferably, as a mixture with 
the corresponding base polymers in amounts of 5-10 parts by weight. 
Polymers containing additives as initiators for photodegradation are 
preferably prepared on the basis of polyolefins, such as polyethylene, 
polybut-1-ene and vinyl resins, such as polystyrene and PVC. Photoreactive 
additives are preferably organic carbonyl compounds, such as, for example, 
aromatic aldehydes, ketones, diketones and quinones. Benzophenone and 
derivatives thereof are particularly preferred. Another group of preferred 
photoreactive additives are inorganic and organic salts, such as, for 
example, chlorides, stearates and octoates, of transition metals, such as, 
for example, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper and manganese. Organic complexes 
of transition metals, such as, for example, ferrocenes and, preferably, 
dithiocarbamates of iron and magnesium are likewise employed. 
Of the starch polymers, the starches which can be processed as 
thermoplastics and the starch polymer/thermoplastic mixtures are 
preferably suitable as the polymeric carrier materials. They can be 
employed by themselves and/or as a masterbatch, mixed with the 
thermoplastics. The thermoplastics preferably comprise amounts of 
photodegradable polymers. 
Starch which can be processed as a thermoplastic is, for example, natural 
starch containing water as a softener, as described, for example, in EP 0 
118 240; destructured starch, as described, for example, in EP 0 304 401 
and 0 391 853, and hydroxyalkoxylated starch, such as, for example, 
hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropyl-substituted starch. Softener-containing 
starches having a high amylose content furthermore can be processed as 
thermoplastics, as mentioned, for example, in DE 4 013 344. Softeners 
which are preferably employed are polyhydric alcohols, such as, for 
example, glycerol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, sorbitol, 
polyvinyl alcohol and citric acid oxide adduct. 
The starch polymer/thermoplastic mixtures include the mixtures, comprising 
6-15 parts by weight of starch, with, for example, PVC, ethylene/vinyl 
acetate copolymers, polyurethanes and, preferably, polyolefins, such as 
polypropylene, and particularly preferably polyethylene, such as are 
obtainable, for example, by the names Ecostar, Polyclean, Amyplast and 
Poly-Grade. The starch used for such mixtures with thermoplastics can be 
surface-modified, for example with silanes, or can be employed as 
non-modified starch in the dried state. The mixtures can additionally 
comprise additives. These are, for example, unsaturated compounds, such as 
unsaturated fatty acid esters, for example soya oil; styrene/butadiene 
block copolymers; naturally occurring rubber; and organic salts of 
transition metals, such as, for example, cobalt naphthenate and 
antioxidants of the known type. 
Starch polymer/thermoplastic mixtures having a starch content of up to 95 
parts by weight, such as are obtained, for example, by mixing starch with 
polymers containing carboxyl groups, such as, for example, 
ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers, furthermore can be used according to the 
invention. 
The preparation of such mixtures from the destructured starch is described, 
for example, in EP 0 404 727. EP 0 519 367 uses a starch which has been 
modified chemically by reaction of the OH groups with alkylene oxides and 
other substances which form ethers, esters, urethanes, carbamates and/or 
isocyanates for mixing with thermoplastics. Copolyamides, copolyesters 
and/or polyolefins are preferred. Polyols, such as, for example, glycerol, 
sorbitol and polyethylene glycol, as softeners, urea and/or urea 
derivatives and emulsifiers, such as metal stearates, glycerol 
monostearates and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, such as, for example, 
polyoxyethylene-20 sorbitan monolaurate, can additionally be added to 
these mixtures. 
Starch polymer/thermoplastic mixtures which can be employed according to 
the invention can also comprise graft copolymers of starch with, for 
example, maleic anhydride and vinyl monomers, such as, for example, 
styrene, acrylonitrile and acrylic and methacrylic monomers, for example 
butyl and methyl methacrylate, as compatibilising agents. 
Copolymers such as are obtained in accordance with DE 3,007,433 by 
polymerisation of ethylene in the presence of starch modified by 
Ziegler-Natta catalysts furthermore are suitable. 
Celluloses and cellulose derivatives, such as, for example, cellulose 
esters, for example cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose 
butyrate and mixed esters, such as, for example, cellulose acetobutyrate; 
cellulose ethers, for example methyl-, ethyl- and hydroxyethylcellulose 
and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and cellulose nitrate are known and are 
suitable as polymeric carrier materials. 
Preferred substances are derivatives which can be processed as 
thermoplastics and/or are degradable, such as, for example, the mixtures, 
described in EP 0 394 803, of cellulose esters, such as cellulose acetate 
and/or cellulose acetobutyrate, with biodegradable additives, such as 
carboxylic acid esters having several ester and/or hydroxyl groups, for 
example esters of citric acid, tartaric acid or succinic acid, as 
softeners, linear polyesters and, if appropriate, organic acids and/or 
acid esters which differ from the softener. Organic metal compounds, such 
as, for example, iron(II) acetylacetonate or bis(cyclopentadienyl)-iron or 
derivatives thereof, can additionally be contained in the mixture to 
increase the degradability. 
Particularly preferred polymeric carrier materials are cellulose/lactone 
graft copolymers, such as, for example, cellulose polyhydroxyhexanoate. 
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are polymers of aliphatic and aromatic 
hydroxycarboxylic acids which are formed by prokaryotic microorganisms and 
can be prepared by means of fermentative processes, such as are described, 
for example, in EP 0 015 669, 0 046 344 and 0 052 459. 
Suitable polyhydroxyalkanoates are, for example, polymers of 
4-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxyvaleric acid and 5-hydroxyvaleric acid; of 
the 3-hydroxy derivatives of saturated carboxylic acids, such as, for 
example, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, 
heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic 
acid, dodecanoic acid, 4-methylhexanoic acid, 5-methylhexanoic acid, 
5-methyloctanoic acid, 6-methyloctanoic acid and 7-methyloctanoic acid; of 
the 3-hydroxy derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as, for 
example, crotonic acid, 4-pentenoic acid, 4-hexenoic acid, 5-hexenoic 
acid, 6-octenoic acid, 7-octenoic acid, 8-nonenoic acid, 9-decenoic acid, 
6-dodecenoic acid, 5-tetradecenoic acid and 5,8-tetradecadienoic acid; and 
of the 3-hydroxy derivatives of halogenocarboxylic acids, such as 
6-bromohexanoic acid, 6-chlorohexanoic acid, 7-fluoroheptanoic acid, 
8-bromooctanoic acid, 8-chlorooctanoic acid, 9-fluorononanoic acid and 
11-bromoundecanoic acid. 
Preferred polymeric carrier materials are homo- and copolymers of 
3-hydroxybutyric acid, and copolymers thereof with 3-hydroxyvaleric acid 
are particularly preferred. Such products are obtainable, for example, 
under the name .sup.R Biopol. 
As a further preferred group of carrier materials may be mentioned solid 
fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic 
acid, stearic acid; solid fats; waxes such as spermacetic and carnauba 
wax; paraffine waxes. 
As a further preferred group of carrier materials may be mentioned solid 
surface active agents such as polyalkylene oxide alkyl or alkyl aryl 
ether, polyalkylene oxide fatty acid esters, polyalkylene oxide alkyl 
esters, polyalkylene oxide alkyl amines, poly fatty acid esters, 
polyalkylene oxide polyol ester ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl 
arylsulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, 
polyalkylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyalkylene alkylaryl ether sulfates, 
poly sulfates, polyalkylene oxide alkyl ether phosphates, polyalkylene 
oxide alkyl aryl ether phosphates and polyol phosphates. The polymeric 
material can contain appropriate additives such as plasticizers. 
The plasticisers which are usually used for plasticising solid vinyl resins 
are suitable for production of the shaped articles based on polymers which 
can be processed as thermoplastics, such as, for example, polyvinyl 
resins. The plasticiser used depends on the resin and its compatibility 
with the plasticiser. Examples of suitable plasticiser are esters of 
phosphoric acid, such as tricresyl phosphate, esters of phthalic acid, 
such as dimethyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate, and esters of adipic 
acid, such as diisobutyl adipate. It is also possible to use other esters, 
such as the esters of azelaic acid, maleic acid, ricinoleic acid, myristic 
acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid and 
trimellitic acid, as well as complex linear polyesters, polymeric 
plasticisers and epoxidised soya bean oils. The amount of plasticiser is 
about 10 to 50% by weight, preferably about 20 to 45% by weight of the 
total composition. 
The shaped articles can also comprise further constituents, such as 
stabilising agents, lubricants, fillers, surface active agents and 
colouring agents, without the fundamental properties of the composition 
thereby being changed. Suitable stabilising agents are antioxidants and 
agents which protect the shaped article from ultraviolet radiation and 
undesirable degradation during working, such as extrusion. Some 
stabilising agents, such as epoxidised soya bean oils, also act as 
secondary plasticisers. Lubricants which can be used are, for example, 
stearates, stearic acid and polyethylene of low molecular weight. These 
constituents can be used in a concentration of up to 20% by weight of the 
total composition. 
Fillers and additives which the polymeric carrier materials contain, if 
appropriate, are to be understood as meaning substances which are known 
per se, such as, for example, fillers and short fibres on an inorganic or 
organic basis, colouring agents, such as dyestuffs and coloured pigments, 
water-binding agents, surface-active solid substances or pH-stabilising 
agents. 
Examples which may be mentioned of inorganic fillers are baryte, titanium 
dioxide, quartz sand, kaolin, carbon black and glass microbeads. Of the 
organic fillers, for example, powders based on polystyrene or polyvinyl 
chloride can be employed. 
Possible short fibres are, for example, glass fibres of 0.1 to 1 mm length 
or fibres of an organic origin, such as, for example, polyester fibres or 
polyamide fibres. In order to impart the desired coloration to the 
polymeric carrier materials, the dyestuffs or coloured pigments on an 
organic or inorganic basis which are known per se for colouring polymers 
can be used, such as, for example, iron oxide pigments or chromium oxide 
pigments or phthalocyanine- or monoazo-based pigments. The preferred 
water-binding agents are zeolites. Solid surface-active substances which 
may be mentioned are, for example, cellulose powder, active charcoal, 
silicic acid preparations and chrysotile asbestos. 
For production of the shaped articles according to the invention, the 
various constituents can be mixed in the dry state by known mixing 
processes, and moulded by known extrusion or injection moulding processes. 
It is furthermore possible to mix the individual components by dissolving 
them in a common solvent, and then precipitating the mixture in a suitable 
non-solvent. In this procedure, the solution is preferably forced through 
a die into a precipitating bath and the coagulating material formed is 
drawn off as filaments (wet spinning process). The precipitation is 
preferably carried out by means of the known dry and wet spinning 
processes. 
The choice of processing process for production of the shaped articles 
according to the invention in principle depends in industry on the 
Theological properties of the shaped article material and the shape of the 
desired structure. The processing processes can be adjusted according to 
the processing technology or according to the type of shaping. In the case 
of processing technology, the processes can be classified according to the 
Theological states passed through during them. Pouring, pressing, spraying 
and spreading accordingly are suitable for viscous shaped article 
materials, and injection moulding, extrusion, calendering, milling and if 
appropriate kneading are suitable for elastoviscous polymers. 
Classified according to the type of shaping, the shaped articles according 
to the invention can be produced by casting, dipping, compression 
moulding, injection moulding, extrusion calendering, embossing, bending, 
deep-drawing, spinning and the like. 
These processing processes are known and do not require more detailed 
explanation.

EXAMPLE 1 
To produce shaped articles according to the invention containing active 
compound, a) a mixture of 30.6 parts by weight of imidacloprid, 0.2 part 
by weight of triadimenol and 0.2 part by weight of precipitated silicic 
acid and b) 69 parts by weight of the polymeric carrier material 
copoly(hydroxybutyric acid/hydroxyvaleric acid) (Biopol) were metered 
separately into a twin screw extruder via differential balances. 
The components were homogenised in the extruder at 160.degree. C. in the 
course of 4 minutes, and the melt was extruded into a water bath at a 
throughput of 1 kg/h. 
After granulation and drying, the moulding composition containing active 
compound was shaped to rods, pins, strips and sheets with the aid of an 
injection moulding machine at 150.degree. C. 
EXAMPLE 2 
Mixture a) from Example 1 was extruded at 190.degree. C., in the manner 
described in that example, with b) 69 parts by weight of the polymeric 
carrier material poly(11-aminoundecanoic acid), and the mixture was then 
injection moulded to shaped articles. 
EXAMPLE 3 
In the manner described in Example 1, a) a mixture of 20 parts by weight of 
cyfluthrin, 0.1 part by weight of triadimenol, 80 parts by weight of 
.beta.-cyclodextrin and 50 parts by weight of Carbowax 20 M and b) 150 
parts by weight of the polymeric carrier material copoly(hydroxybutyric 
acid/hydroxyvaleric acid) (Biopol) were extruded at 160.degree. C. and 
injection moulded to shaped articles. 
EXAMPLE 4 
In the manner described in Example 1, a) a mixture of 200 parts by weight 
of triadimenol and 2 parts by weight of precipitated silicic acid and b) 
198 parts by weight of the polymeric carrier material 
copoly(hydroxybutyric acid/hydroxyvaleric acid) (Biopol) were extruded at 
160.degree. C. and injection moulded to shaped articles. 
EXAMPLE 5 
A mixture of 105 parts by weight of carbofuran, 0.2 part by weight of 
triadimenol and 2 parts by weight of precipitated silicic acid were 
extruded with 150 parts by weight of the polymeric carrier material 
poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) at 145.degree. C. in the manner described in 
Example 1. 
The melt strand was drawn off at a rate of 35 m/minute, so that a cable 
having a diameter of about 1 mm was formed, and, after cooling in a water 
bath, was wound onto a bobbin. 
Pins 2 cm long were produced by subsequent cutting of the cable. 
EXAMPLE 6 
By the procedure described in Example 5, a mixture of 105 parts by weight 
of fenamiphos, 2 parts by weight of triadimenol and 2 parts by weight of 
precipitated silicic acid was processed with 295 parts by weight of 
poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) at 145.degree. C. to give a shaped strand. 
EXAMPLE 7 
By the procedure described in Example 5, a mixture of 10.8 parts by weight 
of mefenacet, 0.2 part by weight of triadimenol and 2 parts by weight of 
precipitated silicic acid was processed with 87 parts by weight of a 
polyamide 6, 36 (Priadit 2022) at 155.degree. C. to give a shaped strand. 
EXAMPLE 8 
A mixture of 30 parts by weight of triadimenol and 0.2 part by weight of 
precipitated silicic acid was extruded with 69.8 parts by weight of a 
thermoplastic polyurethane having a Shore A hardness of 88, prepared from 
a poly(1,4-butanediol adipate)-diol of average molecular weight 2250 and 
an OH number of 50, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and 1,4-butanediol 
(Desmopan 385), at 200.degree. C. in the manner described in Example 1 and 
granulated. 
The dried granules containing active compound were melted in an extrusion 
spinning apparatus and spun to a 5-filament thread, while cooling with 
water. 
______________________________________ 
Spinning conditions: 
Extruder temperature: 
193.degree. C. 
Die temperature: 192.degree. C. 
Die (hole number/ 5/1.0 mm 
diameter: 
Screen filter: 10 000 
mesh/cm.sup.2 
Take-off: 60 m/min 
Throughput: 13.8 g/min 
______________________________________ 
A multifilament containing active compound and having an overall titre of 
300 dtex (180 .mu.m diameter) was obtained. 
EXAMPLE 9 
A mixture of 20 parts by weight of cyfluthrin, 0.1 part by weight of 
triadimenol, 80 parts by weight of .beta.-cyclodextrin and 50 parts by 
weight of Carbowax 20 M was melted and mixed in an extruder with 150 parts 
by weight of a poly(ether-ester) elastomer (Hytrel G-3548) at 185.degree. 
C. in the manner described in Example 1. 
The melt was forced at 190.degree. C. through a 75 mm wide slit die with a 
gap height of 0.5 mm, cooled by blowing on air and taken off at a rate of 
5 m/minute by means of a Teflon conveyor belt. Films having a thickness of 
about 50 .mu.m were obtained in this manner. 
EXAMPLE 10 
29.7 g (49.5 parts by weight) of poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) were melted 
in a kneader of the Haake Rhoemix type at 150.degree. C. and 50 
revolutions per minute, and a mixture of 20 g (33.3 parts by weight) of 
tolylfluanid, 5 g (8.3 parts by weight) of tebuconazole, 0.3 g (0.5 part 
by weight) of precipitated silicic acid and 5 g (8.3 parts by weight) of 
dextrin was added. For homogenisation, the mixture was kneaded for a 
further 5 minutes after the active compound formulation had been added. 
The resulting composition containing active compound was shaped in a press 
under a pressure of 200 bar and at 150.degree. C. to give sheets of 100 
cm.sup.2 surface area and 2 mm thickness. 
EXAMPLE 11 
A mixture of 70 parts by weight of imidacloprid, 29 parts by weight of 
polyethyleneglycol(MW 7800 to 9000) and 1 part of hydrophobic synthetic 
silica(Sipernat D 17 from Degussa) was pulverized. The components were 
mixed in a blender until they became homogeneous. 1.44 g of the 
homogeneous powder was transferred into a cylinder of 6 mm in diameter of 
a tabletting machine and the contents were compressed with a piston up to 
600 kg in total. The height of the obtained pellet was 40 mm. 
EXAMPLE 12 
A mixture of 70 parts by weight of imidacloprid, 27 parts by weight of 
carnauba wax and 3 parts by weight of hydrous synthetic silica was treated 
in the way in Example 11 to have homogeneous powder. 1.44 g of the 
homogeneous powder was transferred into a cylinder of 9 mm in diameter of 
a tabletting machine and the contents were compressed with a piston up to 
600 kg in total, The height of the obtained pellet was 18 mm. 
EXAMPLE 13 
A mixture of 25 parts by weight of imidacloprid, 31 parts by weight of 
ethyleneglycol(MW 3000 to 7000) and 3 parts by weight of hydrous synthetic 
silica was placed in a stainless steel container and the contents were 
melted by heating. The molten mixture was agitated to be homogeneous. 1.44 
g of the homogeneous molten mixture was transferred into a metal mould of 
9 mm in diameter. After cooling, a pellet of 9 mm in diameter and of 18 mm 
in height was obtained. 
EXAMPLE 14 
A mixture of 2 parts by weight of imidacloprid, 38 parts by weight of 
bentonite and 60 parts by weight of clay was mixed in a blender to have a 
homogeneous mixture. The mixture was kneaded by adding 18 parts of water. 
The kneaded material was dried with a fluidized bed dryer. The length of 
the dried pellet were cut into 1 mm in length. 
EXAMPLE 15 
Test on Cotton Aphid (Aphis gosyppi) 
______________________________________ 
Preparation of the shaped compositions 
______________________________________ 
imidacloprid 2.0 parts by weight 
Bentonite 38.0 parts by weight 
Clay 60.0 parts by weight 
______________________________________ 
The above-mentioned components are intimately mixed and then formulated 
into granulated shaped compositions according to the conventional 
granulation process. 
Method 
Cucumber plants (cv, Sharp) each grown to a height of about 180 cm were 
allowed to naturally inhabit cotton aphids having resistances to organic 
phosphorus compositions and carbamate compositions. 
To each of the test plants was embedded a predetermined dosage of the 
shaped composition prepared above under such conditions that the adult 
insects inhabited the plant at a rate of 70 pieces a leaf, they were 
allowed to stand at 28.degree. C. in a hothouse, and then the number of 
the living insects were determined on seven, fourteen, twenty-one and 
twenty-eight days respectively after the treatment, thus calculating the 
control effect in % according to the following equation: The results of 
the test is shown in Table 1. 
##EQU1## 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Concentration 
of the active 
component Control Effect (%) 
mg/plant body 
7 days 14 days 21 days 
28 days 
______________________________________ 
3.0 100 100 100 95 
2.5 100 100 98 93 
2.0 98 100 95 90 
1.5 93 96 90 85 
______________________________________ 
The number of living insects per leaf in the non-treated section counted in 
correspondence to the above-mentioned respective count days in the test 
section. 
______________________________________ 
Before 
treatment 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days 
______________________________________ 
Number of 
65 173 566 845 840 
insects 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 16 
For the simultaneous control against aphids, thrips and whiteflies on 
vegetables. 
A cucumber plant being 2 months after transplanting on the ground in the 
greenhouse was treated on its stem by insert with a small solid bar (1 mm 
in diameter, 5 mm in length, 70% of imidacloprid, 30% PEG). 5 plants per 
plot were used the test. 
7 and 21 days after the treatment, living insects on the plants were 
investigated, and then the mortality was calculated comparing with control 
plots. 
______________________________________ 
Mortality (%) 
A B C 
7 21 7 21 7 21 days 
______________________________________ 
Test sample plots 
100 100 100 100 100 100 
Control plots 0 0 0 0 0 0 
______________________________________ 
A: Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) 
B: Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) 
C: Thrips palmi (Southern yellow thrips) 
EXAMPLE 17 
For the control of Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) on Japanese 
pine tree. 
Solid shaped plant treatment material (6 mm in diameter, 40 mm in length, 
70% imidacloprid, 30% PEG) was inserted into a hole of the trunk of J. 
pine tree at 3 bars per 1 tree (Ca. 10-15 cm of trunk in diameter) in 
early spring. 5 trees per plot were used the test. 
10 heads of newly emerged adults of. J. pine sawyer were infested 
artificially on a top wig of the tree at the end of July. Mortality was 
investigated 3 days after infestation. 
______________________________________ 
Mortality (%) 
______________________________________ 
Test sample plot 
100 
Control plot 0 
NIT 280 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 18 
For the control of Pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) on 
Japanese pine tree. 
Solid shaped plant treatment material (6 mm in diameter, 40 mm in length, 
60% mesulfenfos, 40% PEG) was inserted into a hole of the trunk of J. pine 
tree at 5 bars per 1 tree (Ca. 10-15 cm of the trunk in diameter) in early 
spring. 5 trees per plot were used the test. 
3000 heads of the P.W. nematoda were infested artificially on a top wig of 
the tree at the and of July. 
The death of the trees was investigated 3 months after infestation. 
______________________________________ 
% of the death 
of the trees 
______________________________________ 
Test sample plot 
0 
Control plot 100 
______________________________________ 
It will be appreciated that the instant specification and claims are set 
forth by way of illustration and not limitation, and that various 
modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit 
and scope of the present invention.