Image reading apparatus

An image reading apparatus for photoelectrically reading an image (e.g. as used in facsimile apparatus, digital copying machines, etc.) includes a reference member provided at a reading position within the image reading apparatus; a reading device for reading, at the reading position, an image of at least one of (i) an original document and (ii) the reference member, and for generating image data representative of the read image; a memory unit for previously storing as reference data, data obtained by reading the reference member with the reading device; a correcting device for correcting image data obtained by reading an original document with the reading device; using the reference data stored in the memory unit; a discriminating device for discriminating whether the original document is present at the reading position by comparing position data, obtained by reading the image at the reading position, with the reference data stored in the memory unit; and a control unit for controlling the memory unit to store the position data to replace the reference data, when the discriminating device discriminates that the original document is not present at the reading position.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to an image reading apparatus for 
photoelectrically reading an image used for facsimile apparatus, digital 
copying machines, etc. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
An image reading apparatus, which converts an image into an electric signal 
for output, is used in order to transmit to a remote place and store an 
image on an original document. 
Such an image reading apparatus is generally so constructed that an image 
on an original document to be read is transferred from a specified loading 
position to a reading position, the image on the original document is 
exposed by a light source such as a fluorescent lamp at the reading 
position, and a reflected light from the original document is converted 
into an electric signal by an image sensor such as a CCD line sensor. 
Also in the image reading apparatus, an electrical process of shading 
correction is performed to remove an ununiform level in an image signal 
which is caused by an ununiform quantity of light from a light source, 
ununiform sensitivity of the image sensor and characteristics of an 
optical system such as a lens and a mirror. 
To perform shading correction for a read signal in an image reading 
apparatus, a light volume distribution data for the above light source has 
been conventionally sampled. For this light volume distribution data, a 
reference plane, such as a white background, provided near a reading 
position is read in accordance with a detection that an original document 
has reached a position before the reading position, prior to reading an 
image on the original document, and data read from the reference plane is 
used. When a plurality of original documents are automatically fed 
continuously, the current position of the original document is checked to 
read the above reference plane immediately before each original document 
is fed to the reading position. 
When, however, an oblique original has been conveyed, or an original at an 
angle, detection of the position to sample data for the above-mentioned 
shading correction has been delayed and as a result, there was a defect in 
a conventional apparatus that one part of the end of the original is 
erroneously read as the reference plane. 
To eliminate such a defect, it may be considered to greatly delay the 
timing for sampling the light volume distribution data from the reference 
plane and the timing of arriving at the reading position for original 
documents by prolonging the conveyance interval of a plurality of original 
documents. In this case, however, a new defect occurs that it will take 
more time to read the entire plurality of original documents. 
It has been proposed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,717,963 and 
4,870,501 a configuration whereby shading correction is performed for 
image data in accordance with the presence of an original at a reading 
position. 
In these documents, however, the presence of an original at a reading 
position is detected by using sensors such as a microswitch. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide an image reading 
apparatus capable of satisfactorily reading an image on an original 
document. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an image reading 
apparatus capable of reading a good image for an original document even if 
a portion of the original document is read in a timing for obtaining data 
for correction without delaying a reading time for the fed original 
document. 
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an image reading 
apparatus which does not require ceasing from reading an image, but is 
capable of continuing to read the image, and does not deteriorate the read 
image for the original document even if a data for correction cannot be 
obtained due to improper conveyance of the original document. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an image reading 
apparatus capable of controlling in accordance with the presence of an 
original document at a reading position without necessity of providing an 
exclusive sensor for detecting the presence of the original document. 
The above-mentioned and other objects and effects of the present invention 
will appear more fully from the following description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The present invention will hereinafter be described in detail referring to 
preferred embodiments. 
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image reading 
apparatus according to the present invention. 
In FIG. 1, numeral 1 is the apparatus main body, numeral 2 is an original 
loading stand, and a conveyance path 3 for an original document in cut 
sheet format is formed on an extension line. Along this conveyance path 3, 
the following are disposed in order from the upstream side: a pick-up 
roller 4 for conveying an original document in cut sheet format, a 
microswitch 5 which operates by a minute force to detect the presence of 
the sheet original, a pair of conveyor rollers 6 and 6a, a microswitch 7 
which operates by a minute force to detect the front and rear ends of the 
original, a pair of conveyance rollers 8 and 8a, and an exit paper tray 9 
for the sheet original. 
A fluorescent lamp 14, a light source for lighting an original, irradiates 
an original conveyed to a reading position 15, and its reflected light is 
input into a solid image pickup element (CCD) 18 comprising a plurality of 
light receiving elements, which have been linearly arranged, through a 
mirror 16 and a lens 17 to read an image on the original for each line for 
scanning. An uniform white reference plane 11 is provided at the reading 
position 15. 
The conveyance path 3 is composed of a guide unit 19 and a guide member 20, 
and is so constructed that it can be opened from above at the reading 
position 15 for the original. That is, the guide unit 19 is rotatably 
mounted round a fulcrum 21 on the apparatus main body, and opening the 
conveyance path 3 turns on a microswitch 22 to allow the opening of the 
conveyance path 3 to be detected. 
The operation of an image reading apparatus constructed as mentioned above 
will be described. 
While the guide unit 19 is closed, that is, the conveyance path 3 is 
closed, one or a plurality of sheet originals are placed on the original 
loading stand 2, and a start switch provided at a console is operated, and 
then the presence of the sheet original will be detected by the 
microswitch 5. When the sheet original is detected by the microswitch 5, a 
solenoid is turned on, and the pickup roller is pressed against the sheet 
original to convey it in the upstream direction, to the left as viewed in 
FIG. 1. 
The front end of the lowest one of a plurality of sheet originals is held 
between the conveyance rollers 6 and 6a, and when the sheet original is 
detected by the microswitch 7, the solenoid is turned off to release the 
pressing force on the pickup roller 4. 
When the solenoid is turned off and the pressing force on the pickup roller 
4 is released, the above-mentioned driving motor is driven for a number of 
steps, SA, to convey the sheet original only for a distance A between the 
microswitch 7 and the reading position 15. When the front end of the sheet 
original reaches the reading position 15, reading of the original image 
starts. When the fluorescent lamp 14 lights the sheet original and its 
reflected light forms an image on the CCD 18 through the mirror 16 and the 
lens 17, the reading is performed by converting the image into an electric 
signal for each line by means of the CCD 18. 
When the rear end of the sheet original reaches the reading position 15 to 
complete reading thereafter, the motor is driven only for a number of 
steps, SB, equivalent to a distance B between the reading position 15 and 
the conveyance rollers 8 and 8a to exhaust, or exits the sheet original 
onto the tray 9. The reading operation for the sheet original is now 
completed. 
FIG. 2 shows a basic configuration concerning shading correction for an 
image reading apparatus shown in FIG. 1. 
In an image reading apparatus according to an embodiment of the present 
invention, a white background image on a reference plane 11 provided 
beforehand is read, and shading correction is performed using the read 
reference data before reading the original image. 
In FIG. 2, memory means 100 stores the abovementioned read image data for 
one line for shading correction. 
Determination means 200 compares and determines whether or not more than a 
predetermined number of black pixel data exist in the above-mentioned read 
image data for one line. 
When the determination result of the determination means 200 is 
affirmative, control means 300 inhibits the memory means 100 from updating 
the memory with the read image data. When the determination result of the 
determination means 200 is negative, control means 300 permits the memory 
means 100 to update the memory with the read image data. 
Correction means 400 performs shading correction for a read image signal 
for an original image in accordance with an image data for shading 
correction stored in the above memory means 100. 
FIG. 3 shows a circuit configuration according to an embodiment of the 
present invention. 
An image signal photoelectrically converted by the solid image pickup 
element (CCD) 18 is input into a control unit 30 and correction circuit 60 
after being converted into a digital signal by an analog-digital (A/D) 
converter 50. 
The control unit 30 controls a driving mechanism 40 to control the movement 
of an original, turning on and off of a light source (a fluorescent lamp 
14), conveyance of the original and the like for the reading scan of the 
CCD 18. 
The detailed description of the driving mechanism 40 is omitted because a 
conventional, wellknown mechanism can be used. 
In the control unit 30, an input buffer 31, a central processing unit (CPU) 
32, a random access memory (RAM) 33, a read-only memory (ROM) 34, and an 
interface (I/O) 35 to 37 are commonly connected to a bus 38. 
An input buffer 31 receives a read data from the CCD 18 through the A/D 
converter 50 to temporarily store a data for one line. This read data is a 
white background image on a reference plane 11 used for shading 
correction. 
The CPU 32 processes the following in addition to controlling the entire 
apparatus. 
1) The CPU 32 transfers a read data of CCD 18 for the reference plane 11 to 
RAM 33 through the input buffer 31 to correct shading, and hereafter 
performs shading correction using this image data. At this time, the CPU 
32 determines the presence of the end of an original to decide whether or 
not the read data has been stored in the RAM 33. Accordingly, RAM 33 
operates as memory means 100 in FIG. 2, and CPU 32 operates as 
determination means 200 and control means 300. 
2) In the same way as in a conventional example, the CPU 32 gives an 
operation instruction to the driving mechanism 40 in accordance with an 
input from the console 80 and a sensor group 70, conveys the original and 
reads the image to output the read image data to the outside. 
A RAM 33 stores, for retention, a read image data for shading correction, a 
general operation result of the CPU 32 and information on state of 
operation of the driving mechanism 40 in accordance with a read/write 
instruction by the CPU 32. Also an image data for shading correction, 
which has been read out from the RAM 33, is fed into a correction circuit 
60, which performs shading correction for an original image data from the 
A/D converter 50. Accordingly the correction circuit 60 operates as the 
correction means 400 in FIG. 2. 
Previously stored is a ROM is conventionally wellknown control program 
whereby the above process is performed by the CPU 32, and the control 
program in which the control procedure shown in FIG. 4 has been described. 
A I/O 36 transfers a signal from the sensor group 70 such as a detection 
signal for positions of each component and an original to the CPU 32, and 
a I/O 35 transfers an operation instruction by the CPU 32 such as a motor 
drive/stop instruction and a light source ON/OFF instruction to the 
driving mechanism 40. 
A I/O 37 transfers a key input signal from a console 80 to the CPU 32, and 
also transfers a display signal from the CPU 32 to a display of the 
console 80. 
As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, position sensors 91 and 92 comprising 
microswitches 5 and 7 are provided near a reading position x for an 
original. The position sensor 91 detects the end of an original as an 
object of reading to make sure that the original has been inserted at an 
original stand-by position. The position sensor 92 detects the presence of 
an original to be conveyed for reading. 
A series of operations to read an original image will be described 
referring to the flow chart in FIG. 4. 
A procedure from step S1 to step S6 in FIG. 4 is the operation from the 
time the apparatus main body is powered on until a stand-by state is 
reached. Since the shading correction data in the RAM 33 is uncertain at 
this time, shading correction data is sampled as an initialization 
operation. 
Step S1 . . . Turn on the power to light the light source. 
Step S2 . . . Use the position sensor 92 (See FIG. 5A) to determine whether 
or not the original remains at the reading position. 
Step S3 . . . If it has been determined in the abovementioned step S2 that 
there exists an original at the reading position, exhaust, or discharge, 
all originals which have been inserted so far to ensure that there is no 
original at the reading position. 
Step S4 . . . Sample a data for shading correction, and store in the 
shading area (See FIG. 3) in RAM 33. 
Step S5 . . . Put out the light source to put the apparatus in a stand-by 
state. 
Step S6 . . . Continue to watch the position sensor 91 until the original 
is inserted. 
Step S7 to step S10 shows a procedure after it is recognized in step S6 
that the original has been inserted into the apparatus by the operator, 
and performs the control process until the first page of the original is 
read. 
Step S7 . . . Discriminate whether or not the original inserted by the 
operator has already reached the position sensor 92. If the original has 
already reached the position sensor 92, do not execute the following steps 
S8 and S9, but proceed to step S10 because it is not known how far the 
front end of this original has been inserted. 
Step S8 . . . Light the light source, sample a shading correction data to 
read the first page, store the shading correction data in a shading area 
of the RAM 33. 
Step S9 . . . Convey the original to the reading position. 
Step S10 . . . Continue the stand-by state until a reading start 
instruction from the console 80 is given by the operator or a reading 
start instruction is input from the CPU 32. 
In steps S11 to S17, continuous conveyance of a plurality of originals 
placed on the original loading stand 2 by an automatic original feeding 
mechanism and continuous reading of plural pages are controlled. 
Especially, the CPU 32, which executes steps S14 and S15, functions as 
determination means 200 and control means 300 as shown in FIG. 2. 
Step S11 . . . Read one page of the original while conveying the original 
already present at the reading position. At this time, correct an original 
image data from CCD 18 in a correction circuit 60 using a shading 
correction data in a shading area of the RAM 33. The completed reading is 
recognized by reading and conveying a specified amount after the rear end 
of the original has passed the position sensor 92. 
Step S12 . . . Determine whether or not the next original exists by the 
position sensor 91, and if it has been determined that there exists the 
next original, proceed to step S13. 
Step S13 . . . After the front end of the next original passed the position 
sensor 92, convey it to a position at a distance of 1 (shorter than a 
distance to the reading position, See FIG. 5A) so that the front end of 
the original is located midway between the position sensor 92 and the 
reading position. At this time, the previously read original is exhausted 
only by the same distance as for conveyance of the next original. 
Step S14 . . . In a state in which there is neither a previous original nor 
a next original at the reading position as a result of the process in the 
above step S13, read a white background image for one line for shading 
correction, and store the read data in the test area in the RAM 33. In 
this example, a reference plane 11 with an uniform density located opposed 
to the reading position will be read. 
Step S15 . . . Count an amount of black pixels included in binary data for 
one line, which has been read in the above step S14 and stored in the test 
area of the RAM 33, and determine whether or not the amount is more than a 
specified amount. If it is a data obtained by reading the above reference 
plane 11, it is of such an extent as to be a very small amount of dust on 
the reading surface that becomes black pixels. If, however, the end of the 
original is located at the reading position after the original has been 
conveyed at an angle as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, the amount of black 
pixels increases because of a shade, etc. of the original or the end. 
Accordingly, if it has been determined that the amount of black pixels is 
less than a specified value, it will be assumed that there is no original 
at the reading position, but it is possible to read the entire area of the 
reference plane 11. On the other hand, if it has been determined that the 
amount of black pixels is more than the specified value, it will be 
assumed that there is an original and it is impossible to read the entire 
area of the reference plane 11. 
Step S16 . . . If it has been determined in step S15 that the amount of 
black pixels within the test area of RAM 33 is less than a specified 
value, read the reference plane 11 for shading correction, sample a read 
wave form and store it in the shading area of RAM 33 in step S16. On the 
other hand, if it has been determined in step S15 that the amount of black 
pixels is more than the specified value, do not execute the above S16, but 
proceed to step S17. Accordingly, when there is already an original at the 
reading position, storage of a shading correction data in the shading area 
of RAM 33 is not updated, but the shading correction data used for shading 
correction for the previous original will be held. 
Step S17 . . . Convey the next original to the reading position in 
preparation for the next reading, and return to step S11 again. When the 
next original goes at an angle as shown in FIG. 5B and even when the 
previous original goes at an angle as shown in FIG. 5C, read the next 
original if the original goes at an angle to such a grade or degree that 
any original jam and omitted reading do not occur. 
Step S18 to step S20 are a portion in which a process after the final 
original has been read is performed. 
Step S18 . . . If it has been determined in step S12 that the next original 
does not exist, completely exhaust the final original. 
Step S19 . . . In preparation for the next reading, sample the shading 
correction data, and store it in the shading area of RAM 33. 
Step S20 . . . Put out the light source, and return to the step S6 in a 
stand-by state. 
Execute the above processes, and obtain the read data for shading if it is 
possible to read the reference plane 11 during conveyance between the 
original and the next original. 
Summarizing these operations, if both a read-original A and an original B 
as object of reading are conveyed straight as shown in FIG. 5A, there will 
be no original at the reading position, but such a wave form without black 
pixel data as shown in FIG. 6A will be obtained as a white background 
image data for the reference plane 11. 
If, however, an original A as object of reading is at an angle as shown in 
FIG. 5B, the left end of the original A reaches the reading position x, 
and in a read wave form (See FIG. 6B) for the reference plane 11, a dent 
of a black pixel area occurs in an area with the texture color of the 
original A and the original shady area. 
FIG. 5C shows when a read-original B has been conveyed at an angle, and a 
dent of a black pixel area also occurs in the read wave form as shown in 
FIG. 6C. 
According to an embodiment of the present invention, taking notice of a 
fact that the read data for shading has no black pixel data when the 
original has been normally conveyed, when the states of conveyance in 
FIGS. 5B and 5C have been detected from the abnormality in the above read 
data, do not use this data for shading correction, but use the previously 
obtained read data as the shading correction data. 
To detect conveyance of an original at an angle, the presence of more than 
a specified amount of black pixels is made a condition and not the 
presence of a black pixel. This is because a very small amount of dust, 
etc. are likely to exist at a reading position and mistaking the end of an 
original for these should be prevented. 
In addition to this embodiment, the following examples are cited. 
In the process in the step S15 in FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the 
present invention, to stop sampling of a shading correction data, it was 
made a condition that a number of black pixels in one line reaches a 
specified amount. If, however, a number of times for occurrence of 
continuous black pixels in a specified amount is set in addition to this 
condition, the effect of dust such as minute paper powder on a reading 
surface may be further reduced. 
The above determination condition was applied to a read data for one line, 
but as another method, there is also a method whereby one line is first 
read, further another line is read after conveying the original by one 
line hereafter, and the difference in a number of pixels in read data 
between these two lines is calculated. In this method, an erroneous 
determination due to dust, etc. on the above reading surface can be 
avoided because only the state of the original has changed between the 
first and second lines. 
Also the above determination was made on the basis of the number of black 
pixels in the read data for one line, but it may be made depending upon 
whether or not the number of white pixels is more than a specified value 
on the contrary. 
As described above, even if a read image data for shading correction is 
deteriorated due to improper conveyance of an original, etc., the data 
will not be used, and therefore a read image data from the original will 
not be corrected using the erroneous correction data, and not 
deteriorated. 
The present invention has been described referring to preferred embodiments 
above, and is not limited to these embodiments, but can, of course, be 
applied by modification in various ways within the scope of the claims.