Cylindrical encoder for use with fiber optics

A fiber optic encoding device capable of long term reliable operation in hostile environments is disclosed. Various construction details which contribute to a compact device with high mechanical reliability are discussed. An encoder formed to a cylindrical geometry including a correspondingly shaped code plate is shown in detail. The code plate has a multiplicity of apertures arranged in rows to produce an encoded position signal of the type suitable for use in digital intelligence processing equipment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to fiber optic intelligence transmission, and more 
specifically to apparatus for encoding a position signal to be 
transmitted. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
Modern industrial equipment has come to rely on sophisticated parameter 
controlling devices for optimization of operating characteristics. 
Critical to the operation of such parameter controlling devices is the 
precise position sensing of equipment subunits. For example, in modern gas 
turbine engines such controllable parameters include fuel flow, flowpath 
contour and pressure along the flowpath. Positionable units for 
controlling such parameters include fuel metering valves, moveable exhaust 
nozzles, and flowpath relief valves. In effective coordination of the 
variable parameters, it is essential that the actual position of the 
controlling units be continuously known. 
The accuracy of the entire controlling system is, of course, largely 
dependent upon the accuracy of the position encoding devices which develop 
signals to be processed. Fiber optic systems are known to provide 
effective data transmission, particularly in hostile environments subject 
to electromagnetic interference and thermal fluctuations. One such hostile 
application is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,116,000 to Martin et al 
entitled "Engine Control System" which is of common assignee herewith. In 
the Martin et al patent the encoding device senses the position of the 
exhaust nozzle of a gas turbine engine. High temperatures at the exhaust 
nozzle and electromagnetic interference along the data transmission lines 
make fiber optic systems attractive for this application. 
One inherent problem with fiber optic devices, however, is the packaging of 
the multiple channels required for encoding and transmitting bits of 
position information. A greater number of channels is desired for encoding 
more accurate position sensing. A lesser number of channels simplifies the 
encoder design and reduces the physical size of the encoder. One technique 
for reducing the number of channels without reducing the number of 
information bits is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,117,460 to Walworth et al 
entitled "Sensing Device", also of common assignee herewith. In the 
Walworth et al device the information signals are sequenced to provide 
multiple bits of information over each channel. The size of the 
transmission cable is reduced. The size of the encoding device, however, 
remains substantially unaltered. Both the Martin et al and Walworth et al 
patents illustrate flat plate encoders. 
As more accurate sensing becomes desired, encoder size becomes an 
increasing problem. Each new channel, such as is added for accuracy, 
requires an additional aperture row on the encoder plate. An encoder plate 
of increased size results. Large encoder plates of a flat design not only 
tend to skew in their mounting tracks, but are also susceptible to thermal 
and vibratory distortions. Mechanical interferences impeding movement of 
the encoder plate may cause signal delays and hysteresis effects in the 
encoded signal. Significant clearance between transmitting and receiving 
heads of the encoder is provided in conventional systems to accommodate 
such anticipated distortions. Additionally, friction free mounting 
apparatus capable of providing precise alignment of the code plate tends 
to be large and bulky. 
Manufacturers and designers of fiber optic encoders continue to search for 
new techniques that enable reductions in encoder size and for new 
packaging concepts which improve the mechanical operation of the code 
plate. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
A primary aim of the present invention is to provide a fiber optic encoding 
device with improved packaging of the encoder plate. Good position 
resolution and reliable mechanical operation in an encoder of compact size 
is sought. 
According to the present invention the code plate of a fiber optic encoding 
device is formed to a cylindrical geometry and is slidable between a 
transmitting head at the interior of the cylindrical code plate and a 
receiving head at the exterior of the code plate. 
A primary feature of the present invention is the cylindrical code plate. 
Rows of apertures in the code plate are arranged to a binary or Gray code 
pattern capable of producing an encoded signal of the type suited for use 
in digital intelligence processing equipment. A transmitting head is 
disposed at the interior of the cylindrical code plate. A receiving head 
is disposed at the exterior of the code plate. The code plate is slideable 
in a key way to provide accurate radial alignment of the aperture rows 
with the transmitting and receiving heads. Light ways to the transmitting 
and receiving heads enter the encoder through a single optic connector. 
A principal advantage of the present encoder is the ability of the device 
to encode an accurate signal of multibit information. Good resolution in a 
relatively small, attractive package is obtainable. The cylindrical shape 
of the code plate is more conducive to friction free mounting than is a 
flat plate containing an equivalent number of code rows. Thermal 
distortion of the code plate is substantially avoided by the cylindrical 
geometry of the plate. Transmission losses across the encoder are lessened 
by an enabled reduction in distance between the transmitting and receiving 
ways. 
The foregoing, and other objects, features and advantages of the present 
invention will become more apparent in the light of the following detailed 
description of the preferred embodiment thereof as shown in the 
accompanying drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
The fundamental elements of one digital encoder constructed in accordance 
with the concepts of the present invention are illustrated in the FIG. 1 
exploded view. A code plate 10 is formed to a cylindrical geometry and 
includes a plurality of aperture rows 12 which are spaced 
circumferentially about the periphery of the cylinder. The apertures 14 of 
each row are sized into a binary or Gray code pattern. 
A transmitting head 16 is also formed to a cylindrical geometry and is 
sized such that the code plate 10 is slideable over the transmitting head. 
A bundle 18 of individual glass fibers 20 extends into the interior of the 
transmitting head and is divided into a plurality of discrete light ways 
22. The number of light ways is equal to the number of aperture rows 12. 
The spacing of the ways corresponds to the spacing of the rows and each 
way is oriented so as to be capable of directing a column of light 
radially outwardly from the transmitting head toward the corresponding 
aperture row. 
A receiving head 24 is also formed to a cylindrical geometry and is sized 
such that the code plate 10 is slidable within the receiving head. A 
plurality of discrete light ways 26 are spaced circumferentially about the 
receiving head. Each of the ways 26 opposes a corresponding way 22 of the 
transmitting head and is formed of a multiplicity of individual fibers 28. 
Each way 26 faces inwardly and is oriented so as to be capable of 
receiving an outwardly directed column of light. Eight (8) sets of 
opposing ways and aperture rows are illustrated. FIG. 2 illustrates one of 
the transmitting ways 22. 
FIG. 3 illustrates the transmitting head 16, the code plate 10 and the 
receiving head 24 as encased in a typical structure. The receiving head is 
mounted within and is secured to a housing 30. The transmitting head is 
mounted within and is secured to the receiving head. The fibers 20 of 
bundle 18 pass into the interior of the transmitting head and are splayed 
radially outwardly into the ways 22 at one end of the transmitting head. 
An end plate 32 covers the fibers 20 at the end of the head. The fibers 28 
of each way 26 of the receiving head are bent axially rearwardly at the 
end of the receiving head and extend longitudinally down the exterior of 
the receiving head. An end plate 34 covers the fibers 28 at the end of the 
receiving head. The ends of the fibers 20 of each way 22 oppose the ends 
of the fibers 28 of a corresponding way 26 across an annular gap G. 
The fibers of the light ways are cemented within the respective heads and 
extend from the heads into the optic connector 36. The optic connector is 
of the general type illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,379 to Chouinard 
entitled "Fiber Optic Connector" which is of common assignee herewith. 
Within the housing the fibers are supported by a plotting compound 38. The 
plotting compound in which the fibers are supported must be sufficiently 
flexible so as to accommodate limited angular deflection during handling 
of the device, yet sufficiently supportive so as to prevent fiber damage. 
The code plate 10 is contained within the housing and is slideable in the 
gap G between the transmitting head and the receiving head. A protrusion 
such as the pin 40 slides within a keyway such as the slot 42 in the 
receiving head to align to aperture rows 12 with the corresponding 
transmitting and receiving ways. A code plate arm 44 extends from the code 
plate to the exterior of the housing. The arm is attachable to the device 
of which position is to be sensed. Translating movement of the device to 
be sensed causes a corresponding translation of the code plate between the 
transmitting and receiving heads. 
Accurate position resolution is obtainable with a relatively small 
cylindrical device when compared to conventional flat plate encoder 
designs. For example, a one-half (1/2) inch stroke flat plate encoder 
capable of resolving position to within two thousandths (0.002) of an inch 
typically employs eight optic head apertures measuring two thousandths 
(0.002) of an inch by one-hundred-ninety-six thousandths (0.196) of an 
inch. An active code plate width of two and forty-eigth thousandths 
(2.048) inches, and an overall encoder assembly width, including support 
frame and alignment guides, of approximately three (3) inches results. In 
contrast, a cylindrical encoder configured as above would require a code 
plate of only sixty-five hundredths (0.65) of an inch in diameter, and an 
overall assembly diameter of less than one and one half (1.5) inches. 
The cylindrical encoder plate is significantly stronger than an equivalent 
flat plate and may be manufactured to a reduced thickness. The plate is 
also significantly less susceptible to thermal distortion and less 
susceptible to vibratory deflection than a corresponding flat plate. 
Accordingly, the gap G required to enable interference free movement is 
reduced from the comparable gap required in flat plate encoders. 
Transmission efficiency is improved. 
Collaterally, the code plate in a cylindrical configuration has a lesser 
mass than the code plate in a flat geometry, and is less susceptible to 
friction loads imposed by the plate mounting and guide structure. A 
decreased tendency toward the generation of hysteresis effects in the 
sensing apparatus results. 
The cylindrical configuration facilitates integration of the encoder 
package into hydraulic actuation elements which are correspondingly 
cylindrically configured. Also, the cylindrical configuration improves 
ease of manufacture of closely toleranced encoder elements such that the 
gap G can be reduced to a minimal value which is significantly less than 
the corresponding gap of flat plate encoders. 
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to 
preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in 
the art that various changes and omissions in the form and details thereof 
may be made therein without departing from the spirit and the scope of the 
invention.