Torsional vane spring

A rotary compressor comprising a cylindrical chamber, a vane slidably mounted in the peripheral cylinder wall and a torsion spring to bias the vane into contact with an eccentrically mounted roller. The spring includes an elongated central portion and a pair of arms extending from the central portion in parallel planes. The arms are curved or radiused in opposite directions. The central portion is connected to the outer edge of the vane while the ends of the arms are connected to opposite side of the cylinder so that the arms exert a torsional force on the central portion.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A well known type of hermetically sealed rotary compressors for use in 
refrigeration systems includes a hermetically sealed casing containing a 
compressor comprising a cylindrical wall and a pair of opposed end walls 
or plates defining a compression chamber. A roller is eccentrically 
mounted within the chamber and a vane is slidably mounted in a vane slot 
extending radially outward from the chamber within the cylindrical wall. 
The inner radial edge of the vane engages the periphery of the roller to 
divide the chamber into a low pressure side and a high pressure side. The 
vane is biased against the periphery of the roller by a spring. In 
operation of the compressor, rotation of the roller draws gas refrigerant 
into the low pressure side of the chamber and discharges compressed gas 
refrigerant from the high pressure side of the chamber. 
Currently employed springs have proven satisfactory when used with 
relatively small displacement compressors as the spring is required to 
move through only a relatively short distance as the vane moves between 
the top-dead-center and bottom-dead-center positions of the roller. 
However, in larger displacement (volume) compressors the vane must move 
through a larger stroke distance and the spring thus is flexed to a 
greater degree. This places greater stress on the spring material. To some 
extent this may be compensated for by use of heavier spring materials; 
however, that increases the spring pressure on the vane and may adversely 
effects the operation. In addition, additional spring material would 
increase the cost of each compressor. 
A primary object of this invention is to provide a rotary compressor 
including an improved vane biasing arrangement which is inexpensive and 
provides the needed biasing force without undue stress on the spring. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention a rotary compressor 
includes a cylindrical wall and a pair of end walls defining a compression 
chamber. A roller is eccentrically rotatable within the chamber. A vane is 
slidably mounted in a radial vane slot in the cylindrical wall and a 
torsion spring continually urges the vane into engagement with the roller. 
The spring has an elongated central section with an arcuate arm extending 
from each of its ends. Each arm is curved in a direction opposite to the 
curvature of the other arm, lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the 
other arm and each arm has a distal end. The torsion spring is mounted 
about the cylindrical wall with the central spring section received in an 
elongated slot or recess formed in the outer edge of the vane and with the 
distal ends of the spring arms engaging the cylinder wall in the area 
generally opposite the vane slot. As the vane moves outwardly of the 
cylindrical wall, the spring arms exert a torsion force on the central 
portion of the spring and thereby reduce the stress in the arms.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated a rotary compressor 
incorporating one embodiment of the present invention. The compressor 10 
includes a hermetically sealed casing 12 in which there is disposed a 
compressor unit 14. The unit 14 includes a cylindrical wall 16, a top wall 
18 and an opposed bottom wall, not shown, forming a cylinder 19 defining 
an annular compression chamber 20. Bolts, such as those shown at 21, join 
the walls into an unitary hermetic assembly. A roller 22 is disposed for 
rotation in the chamber 20 and driven by an eccentric 24 formed as an 
integral part of a shaft 26 extending downwardly from a motor 28, having a 
stator 30 and a rotor 32. 
As best seen in FIG. 2, the cylindrical wall 16 is provided with a radially 
extending vane slot 34 in which a vane 36 is slidably mounted. The vane 36 
is biased inwardly of the wall 16 by a spring 38 so that the radially 
inner end of the vane engages the outer periphery of the roller 22, 
thereby dividing the chamber into a high pressure side and a low pressure 
side. The radially outer end of the vane 36 is received in an opening 40 
formed in the cylindrical wall 16 so as to be exposed to the interior of 
the casing 12. Conveniently the vane slot 34 is "key hole" shaped and the 
opening 40 is the enlarged outer end of the vane slot. 
As the motor rotor 32 is rotated it causes the eccentric 24 and roller 22 
to rotate within the chamber 20. This draws low pressure refrigerant gas 
through an inlet conduit 42 in the wall 16 into the low pressure side of 
the chamber 20. An outlet opening for the chamber 20, not shown, is 
controlled by valve 42. The valve is normally closed and opens in response 
to a predetermined high pressure of the refrigerant in the chamber 20. 
Thus, when roller 22 has compressed the gas in the high side of chamber to 
the appropriate pressure, valve 42 opens and the high pressure, compressed 
refrigerant gas is released into the casing 12. A cover or baffle 44 is 
mounted over the top wall and forms a muffling chamber or muffler to 
attenuate the noise generated by the gas exiting through the outlet 
opening and valve 42. 
Rotary compressors of this general type are well known and further details 
of one such compressor construction are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 
4,664,608, for ROTARY COMPRESSOR WITH REDUCED FRICTION BETWEEN VANE AND 
VANE SLOT, issued on May 12, 1987 and assigned to General Electric 
Company; which patent is incorporated herein by reference. 
With low volume compressors, the roller is almost as large in diameter as 
the compression chamber and the vane travels only a short distance back 
and forth in the vane slot as the roller rotates within the chamber. 
However, a normal way of increasing the capacity of a compressor is to 
increase the difference in diameter between the chamber and the roller. 
This causes the vane to move longer distances in the vane slot and to 
exert greater flexing forces on the vane spring. The present invention 
substantially reduces the adverse effects of such flexing of the vane 
spring. 
Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, the vane spring 38 includes an 
elongated central section 46 with arms 48 and 50 respectively extending 
from its ends. Each arm is smoothly curved and preferably has a large 
portion of its length formed as the radius of a circle. The direction of 
curvature of each arm is opposite to the direction of curvature of the 
other arm. For example, as viewed in FIG. 3, arm 48 curves in a 
counterclockwise manner while arm 50 curves in a clockwise manner. The 
arms lie in planes which are perpendicular to the axis of elongated 
central section 46 and which are parallel to each other. The distal ends 
of the arms are formed with tangs 52 and 54, which are return bent to 
extend generally toward the central section 46. 
In the illustrative embodiment, the spring 38 is mounted about the 
cylindrical wall 16 with the central spring section 46 engaging the end of 
vane 36 and with the distal ends 52 and 54 of the spring arms engaging a 
portion of the cylinder 19 generally opposite the vane slot 34. Referring 
more particularly to FIG. 4, the radially outer end 56 of the vane 36 is 
formed with an elongated slot or recess 58 which extends between the top 
and bottom of the vane. The elongated central section 46 of the spring is 
mounted in the slot 58 in the vane. The tangs 52 and 54 are used to mount 
or attach the spring to the cylinder generally opposite the vane. 
Referring to FIG. 5, each of the plates forming the bottom wall and the 
top wall 18 is formed with a recess formed in the surface of the plate 
abutting the cylindrical wall and extending inwardly from the outer 
periphery of the top or bottom wall respectively, as shown generally at 
60. The recesses 60 preferably are widest at the outer edge of the wall 
and narrow as they proceed into the plate. Each of the tangs 52 and 54 is 
received in a corresponding one of the recesses 60. As the vane 36 moves 
outwardly in the slot 36 the arms 48 and 50 are stretched and placed under 
tension. They in turn tend to transfer this force to the spring central 
section 46 by exerting a torsional (or twisting) force on the central 
section. This relieves the stress in the arms so the spring can be 
constructed from appropriate sized material and still operate well within 
its stress limits. 
It will be understood that recesses could be drilled or otherwise formed in 
the outer surface of cylindrical wall 16 to receive the tangs 52 and 54; 
however, forming them in the surfaces of the top and bottom walls engaging 
the cylindrical wall provides manufacturing economies. Also, slanting the 
sides of the recesses prevents the tangs from being bent out of shape 
during operation. However, if desired, cylindrical openings of appropriate 
size could be drilled in the walls to receive the tangs. If desired, the 
orientation of the spring can be reversed. That is, the central section 46 
could be mounted to the cylinder 19 at a position generally opposite the 
vane and the tangs could be attached to the vane. 
The embodiments described herein are presently considered to be preferred. 
In accordance with the patent statutes, changes may be made in the 
disclosed embodiments and the manner in which they are used without 
departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.