Apparatus for retaining a valve body in engagement with the valve neck of a pressurized container

The present invention relates to an improved apparatus for retaining a valve body in secure engagement with the valve neck of a pressurized container. The apparatus assembly of the present invention incorporates a unique design which makes the retaining arrangement tamperproof since the retaining ring or rings which keep the valve body in place within the valve neck cannot be removed through the use of any ordinary tool. It will take a special tool designed especially to remove the retaining ring or rings in order to accomplish the removal process. As a result, product safety is assured with a significant reduction in product liability.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to an improved apparatus for retaining a 
valve body in engagement with the valve neck of a pressurized container. 
One embodiment in which the present invention is utilized is in 
conjunction with a valve body which is used to retain a coupling device 
for tapping a keg of beer which is kept under pressure. In operation, the 
valve body is inserted by depression into a valve neck which is located at 
the opening of the container of fluid such as beer. The fluid coupling 
device is in turn inserted into the valve body by depression and rotation 
into the valve body. The opening of the container at this location 
contains a valve neck which is designed to accommodate the valve body and 
retain it within the neck. Therefore, the coupling device can be securely 
attached to the valve body so that fluid can be dispensed from the 
container through the coupler. The field of the present invention relates 
to the apparatus by which the valve body is effectively retained within 
the neck portion of the pressurized container. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
An apparatus for retaining a valve body with the neck portion of a 
pressurized container is disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,143 issued 
to Fallon. The neck portion accommodates the valve body which in turn 
leads directly to the valve assembly of the container through which fluid 
is dispensed under pressure from the container into the coupling device 
and thence out a pouring spout. As shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,143, the 
top portion of the container neck contains a bushing which has a groove 
within and extending entirely around the circumference of its inner 
surface. The groove has an upper and a lower lip which engage the surfaces 
of a resilient retaining ring which is accommodated within the internal 
groove of the bushing. The interior portion of the neck further contains a 
dog legged keyway assembly. The dog legged keyway has a first recessed 
area which communicates with the top portion of the neck through the upper 
lip of the groove and further extends to the lower lip. The second offset 
area forming the dog legged portion communicates with the first recessed 
area and also extends from the lower lip of the groove to a location below 
it. The valve body contains a key which is inserted into the first 
recessed area, then is turned to coincide with the second recessed area 
and is then depressed so that a retaining ring can be inserted above the 
valve body and associated key to assure that the key will be kept in place 
inside the second recessed area. The retaining ring expands to be 
accommodated within the groove of the bushing in the neck. 
While the embodiment disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,143 is effective for 
properly retaining the valve body within the neck, it has a significant 
disadvantage which could potentially be hazardous to users. The most 
significant disadvantage of the prior art embodiment is that it permits 
the retaining apparatus to be tampered with. The retaining ring which is 
accommodated within the groove and keeps the valve body securely retained 
within the neck while the container is under pressure, can be removed with 
a common tool such as a screwdriver. Once the retaining ring is removed, a 
significant hazard can result from one of two possibilities. Many times, 
when the valve body is inserted into the valve neck and then turned so 
that the key on the valve body is aligned with the second recess, a rough 
or hard turn will cause the key to be broken off. The operator usually 
doesn't know that the key has been broken off. Once the retaining ring is 
removed there is nothing left to retain the valve body within the valve 
housing. Then the pressure within the container could force the valve body 
to fly out of the neck, thereby potentially seriously injuring someone. 
Therefore, the embodiment disclosed in the prior art is not tamperproof. 
While the prior art embodiment is certainly effective under normal use, it 
does present a serious hazard since it can be easily tampered with. 
The present invention significantly modifies the embodiment of the prior 
art to assure that the valve body is securely retained within the neck of 
the pressurized container by apparatus means which are tamperproof with 
common tools. The embodiments of the prior art can be easily tampered with 
and it is this key element which the present invention addresses. 
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an improved apparatus for retaining a 
valve body in secure engagement with the valve neck of a pressurized 
container. The apparatus assembly of the present invention incorporates a 
unique design which makes the retaining arrangement tamperproof since the 
retaining ring or rings which keep the valve body in place within the 
valve neck cannot be removed through the use of any ordinary tool. It will 
take a special tool designed especially to remove the retaining ring or 
rings in order to accomplish the removal process. As a result, product 
safety is assured with a significant reduction in product liability. 
It has been discovered, according to the present invention, that if a 
retaining arrangement is designed so that the retaining ring will be in 
the same plane as the key on the valve body when both are installed within 
the valve neck of a container, then it will be extremely difficult to 
remove the retaining ring unless a specially adapted tool is used. 
It has also been discovered, according to the present invention, that if a 
valve body comprising two keys located approximately 180 degrees apart on 
the valve body is used, the use of two semi-circular retaining rings 
located in the same plane as the two keys when the valve body and rings 
are installed within the valve neck of the container will also make it 
extremely difficult to remove the retaining rings unless a specially 
adopted tool is used. 
It has additionally been discovered, according to the present invention, 
that in order to assure that the engagement of the valve body to the valve 
neck is tamperproof with common tools, it is necessary to design the valve 
body such that its top has a special step which consists of an annular 
shoulder extending around the entire outer circumference of the top and an 
internal wall adjacent the shoulder and extending around the entire 
circumference of the inner periphery of the annular shoulder. 
Additionally, the retaining ring design should be of sufficient width that 
a portion of the retaining ring lies within the annular groove of the 
inner wall of the valve neck and a portion of the retaining ring rests on 
the top annular shoulder and abuts the inner top wall of the valve body. 
With this design, it will be virtually impossible to remove the retaining 
ring unless a special tool specifically adopted for that purpose is used. 
Therefore, the retaining means is tamperproof with common tools. 
Additionally, since the key on the valve body is not integral to retaining 
the valve body within the valve neck, the complete retaining features will 
be maintained even if the key is accidentally broken off. 
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to create a valve body 
design which incorporates an annular shoulder running along the outer 
circumference of its top and an annular wall running along the inner 
periphery of the shoulder, with this valve body design being used in 
conjunction with one or more retaining rings located partially within the 
valve neck and resting partially on the annular shoulder, so that the 
retaining arrangement is tamperproof since through this novel arrangement 
the retaining ring or rings can only be removed with a specially designed 
tool. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a retaining means 
which is independent of the key located on the valve body to therefore 
assure a firm and secure retaining engagement even if the key on the valve 
body is accidentally broken off. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a retaining 
arrangement for a valve body within the valve neck of a container wherein 
the key located on the outer surface of the valve body is in alignment 
with and in the same plane as a retaining ring which is located so as to 
be partially within a groove within the interior valve neck wall and 
partially on a ledge on the upper surface of the valve body. With this 
arrangement, it will be extremely difficult to remove the retaining ring 
without a special tool for this purpose. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a retaining 
arrangement for a valve body with the valve neck of a container where the 
valve body contains two keys located on its outer surface wherein each key 
is in the same vertical plane and is also in alignment with a pair of 
approximately semi-circular retaining rings. The pair of retaining rings 
are located so as to be partially within a groove within the interior 
valve neck wall and partially on a ledge on the upper surface of the valve 
body. With this design, it will be extremely difficult to remove the 
retaining rings without a special tool for this purpose. 
Further novel features and other objects of the present invention will 
become apparent from the following detailed description, discussion and 
the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Although specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with 
reference to the drawings, it should be understood that such embodiments 
are by way of example only and merely illustrative of but a small number 
of the many possible specific embodiments which can represent applications 
of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications 
obvious to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains are 
deemed to be within the spirit, scope and contemplation of the invention 
as further defined in the appended claims. 
The general valve body and valve neck assembly shown in FIG. 1 is an 
example of a general arrangement which can be used for pressurized 
containers such as a keg of beer. The valve neck 50 is welded onto the 
container (not shown) to form the opening of the container. The valve neck 
50 is illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 2. The valve neck 50 is of 
generally cylindrical configuration with an outer surface 52 and an inner 
surface 54. The upper portion of the valve neck 50 contains a protruding 
portion 56. An annular groove 58 extends around the entire inner 
circumferential wall 54 at a location adjacent the protruding portion 56. 
The annular groove 58 further contains an upper surface 60 and a lower 
surface 62. Also within the area of the annular groove 58 is a keyway 64. 
The keyway is straight and extends from the top 66 of the valve neck 50 to 
a distance below the lower surface 62 of annular groove 58. The valve neck 
50 also contains a lower inwardly extending surface 72 which extends 
radially inward to form an internal ring on the lower surface and inward 
of the interior surface 54 of the valve neck 50. This lower internal 
surface or ring 72 contains an upper surface 74. 
Also illustrated in FIG. 1 is the valve body 10. For the sake of 
completeness, the entire valve body and associated valves have been shown 
in FIG. 1, but for purposes of the present invention the relevant portions 
of the valve body 10 are illustrated in FIG. 2. The valve body 10 has an 
upper cylindrical portion 12 which contains an exterior surface 14. 
Located beneath the upper cylindrical portion 12 is a valve housing member 
16 which contains an exterior surface 18. Located directly beneath the 
upper cylindrical portion 12 and surrounding the upper portion of the 
external wall 18 of valve housing member 16 is a seal 40. The top 20 of 
valve body 10 has an annular step 22 which consists of an annular shoulder 
24 and an internal wall 26 on the top of the valve body 10. As illustrated 
in FIG. 2, the annular shoulder extends around the entire outer 
circumference of the top of the valve body being interrupted by only one 
or more keys. The internal wall 26 is adjacent the shoulder and extends 
around the entire circumference of the inner periphery of the annular 
shoulder 24. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the valve body is hollow and 
therefore the inner surface of the wall 26 can coincide with the inner 
wall 8 of the valve body 10. Also located on the valve body 10 at its top 
20 and protruding radially outward from its exterior surface 14 is a key 
30. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, there is only one key 30. As will 
be described later on, the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has two 
keys. 
The last element of the present invention is a generally circular split 
retaining ring 34, as shown in FIG. 2. The opening of the ring is 
designated as 35. 
Also shown in FIG. 1, though not directly relevant to the present 
invention, is a ball valve 100 and an associated spring 102. Also shown is 
a second valve member 104. 
As shown in FIG. 2, the valve body 10 contains a pair of lugs 11 and 13, 
one of which, 11, extends inwardly from the key 30 and the other of which, 
13, is approximately 180 degrees from it. These lugs are designed to 
accommodate a coupling device (not shown) which is inserted into the valve 
body 10 and rotated to be held securely in place by the lugs. This 
coupling device serves to open valves 100 and 104 to permit fluid under 
pressure such as beer to be dispensed from the container through the 
coupling device. 
In order for the present invention to work properly, it is important that 
the seal 40 be sufficiently resilient to allow itself to be compressed to 
the point where the top of the internal wall 26 on the valve body 10 lies 
below the lower surface 62 of annular groove 58 of the valve neck 50 so 
that the retaining ring 34 can be inserted into groove 58 and then have 
sufficient memory to return to its working position so that the valve body 
10 is forced upward to force the annular shoulder 24 against the retaining 
ring 34. Seals which incorporate these features are known in the prior 
art. One embodiment of a seal which will work with the present invention 
is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. As shown in the top plan view of FIG. 5, the 
seal 40 is of generally circular configuration. As shown in the 
cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, the seal 40 is of corrugated design which 
contains a multiplicity of upper and lower peaks and valleys. In the 
preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the upper surface contains three 
upper peaks 42 and two valleys 44 located between them. Similarly, the 
lower surface contains three lower peaks 46 and two valleys 48 located 
between them. When the seal is compressed through pressure, the two 
outermost peaks compress inwardly toward an adjacent valley and the 
central peak compresses toward one of the two adjacent valleys. Therefore, 
through this design, the seal can compress inwardly on itself and become 
smaller. When the pressure is released, the resiliency of the seal permits 
it to return to its normal shape. 
The operation of one embodiment of the present invention will now be 
described. As previously mentioned, the valve neck 50 is welded to a 
container to thereby form an opening in the container. The seal 40 is 
placed on the valve body 10 such that it abuts the lower surface 15 of the 
upper cylindrical portion 12 of the valve body 10 and also surrounds the 
upper portion of the exterior surface 18 of the valve housing member 16. 
The valve body 10 is inserted into the valve neck 50 such that the key 30 
in the valve body 10 is aligned with the keyway 64 in the valve neck 50. A 
special tool is then used to apply a downward force on the valve body 10 
which forces the seal 40 to compress in the manner previously described. 
As shown in FIG. 1, this seal 40 abuts the upper surface 74 of lower 
surface 72 of the valve neck 50. The valve body 10 is pushed downward by a 
sufficient amount so that the top of the internal wall 26 on the valve 
body 10 lies below the lower surface 62 of annular groove 58 in valve neck 
50. Then split retaining ring 34 is inserted into the valve neck 50 so 
that a portion of it enters the annular groove 58 within valve neck 50 and 
a portion of it protrudes radially inward. The opening 35 in the split 
retaining ring 34 is located at the area where key 30 is located. At that 
point, the pressure is released and the seal 40 is permitted to expand to 
its normal configuration. This expansion forces the valve body 10 upwardly 
until the annular shoulder 24 comes in contact with retaining ring 34. The 
retaining ring 34 is partially within annular groove 58 and partially 
rests on the top annular shoulder 24 of valve body 10 and abuts top 
interior wall 26 of the step 22 of valve body 10. As a result, the key 30 
is now in the same plane as the split retaining ring 34, which in turn 
rests partially within annular groove 58 and partially on annular shoulder 
24 at the top of valve body 10. There is now a tight fit at the location 
of the top of the valve body 10 and the retaining ring 34 since the 
retaining ring 34 rests firmly against the top annular shoulder 24 and 
also abuts internal annular top wall 26. It is therefore virtually 
impossible to stick a screwdriver or any other common tool into this 
retaining means to pry the retaining ring loose. The key 30 is at gap 35 
of the retaining ring 34 and there is a tight fit all around. Only a 
specially adapted tool for removing the retaining ring 34 will work. It is 
important to note that it is not absolutely essential for the key 30 to be 
in the same plane and the retaining ring 34. The major function of the key 
30 is to prevent rotation of the valve body 10 once it is inserted into 
the valve neck 50. Therefore, the key 30 could in fact be above or below 
the retaining ring 34 rather than in the same plane. However, it is 
preferred to have the key in the same plane so that it will be virtually 
impossible to stick an instrument such as a screwdriver into the gap 
location 35 of the retaining ring 34. 
In prior art embodiments, the key 30 was in the lowermost portion of the 
recess and the retaining ring 34 rested above the top of the valve body 
10. This arrangement permitted relatively easy removal of the retaining 
ring 34 with the attendant problems previously described. 
While the present invention has been described in conjunction with a 
straight keyway 64, it is emphasized that the shape of the keyway is not 
important. The keyway 64 can be of any design such as straight or 
dog-legged. The only important concept for the present invention is that 
the design of the keyway be such that it will permit the valve body 10 to 
be lowered by a sufficient amount so that the top of the internal wall 26 
lies below the annular groove 58 so that the retaining ring 34 can be 
inserted into the groove 58. It is also emphasized that the design of the 
seal as previously described is only one embodiment which will work with 
the present invention. Any seal design which has the properties of 
resilience and memory to permit compression to allow the valve body to be 
inserted as described and then sufficient memory to return to its original 
shape and force the valve body and its annular shoulder 24 against the 
retaining ring 34 is acceptable for purposes of utilization in conjunction 
with the present invention. 
As shown in FIG. 2, an internal step 28 is located within valve body 10. 
One method by which the valve body 10 can be compressed into the valve 
neck 50 is by pressure from a special tool applied to this internal step 
28. It is from pressure applied to this internal step 28 by the tool 
through which the valve body 10 can be depressed against the force of seal 
40 to force the annular shoulder 24 to the desired lower position as 
previously described so that the retaining ring 34 can be inserted into 
groove 58. Pressure can also be applied at other locations within the 
valve body 50 to produce the same result. 
As a result, the present invention provides a retaining apparatus for 
retaining the valve body 10 within the valve neck 50, which is virtually 
tamperproof. This is extremely important because the container is 
pressurized for dispensing a liquid such as beer. If the retaining 
apparatus could be tampered with, the retaining ring 34 could be removed 
and the pressure from within the container would force the valve body 10 
to fly outwardly, thereby potentially seriously injuring someone. 
The alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 utilizes two keys 31 and 
33 on the valve body 10 instead of the single key 30 of the embodiment in 
FIG. 2. To accommodate them, the valve neck 50 now contains two keyways, 
65 and 67. The keyways 65 and 67 are designed to correspond exactly with 
keys 31 and 33 respectively so that the valve body 10 may be inserted into 
the valve neck 50 such that the keys are aligned with the keyways. 
Finally, instead of the single split ring 34, there are two semicircular 
rings 37 and 39 which are used with the embodiment containing two keys 31 
and 33 in the valve body 10. 
In operation, this embodiment is very similar to the first embodiment. The 
valve body 10 is inserted into the valve neck 50 such that a respective 
key 31 and 33 is aligned with a respective keyway 65 and 67 in the valve 
neck 50. As before, a special tool is then used to apply a downward force 
on the valve body 10 which forces the seal 40 to compress in the manner 
previously described. As shown in FIG. 3, this seal 40 abuts the upper 
surface 74 of lower ring member 72 of the valve neck 50. The valve body 10 
is pushed downward by a sufficient amount so that the top of the internal 
wall 26 lies just below annular groove 58. The depth of the keyways is 
sufficient to permit the keys to be lowered by a sufficient amount into 
the keyways to permit this to take place. Then split retaining rings 37 
and 39 are inserted into the valve neck 50 so that a portion of each ring 
enters the annular groove 58 within valve neck 50 and a portion of each 
retaining ring protrudes radially inward of interior valve neck wall 54. 
As shown in FIG. 4, each retaining ring 37 and 39 is semi-circular in 
configuration and is sized so that the ends of each retaining ring is 
close to an adjacent end of a keyway 65 or 67. Therefore, there is a gap 
between the retaining rings 37 and 39 which is slightly larger than the 
width of a key 31 and 33. The pressure is now released and the seal 40 is 
permitted to expand to its normal configuration. This expansion forces the 
valve body upwardly until the annular shelf 24 on the valve body 10 comes 
into contact with a respective retaining ring 37 or 39. Each retaining 
ring, 37 and 39, is partially within annular groove 58 and partially rests 
on the top annular surface 24 of valve body 10 and abuts top interior wall 
26 of the step 22 of the valve body 10. Each key, 31 and 33, fits within 
the gap between the retaining rings 37 and 39. As a result, the keys 31 
and 33 are in the same plane as the retaining rings 37 and 39. It is 
therefore virtually impossible to stick a screwdriver or any other common 
tool into this retaining means to pry the retaining rings loose. As 
before, only the specially adapted tool for removing the retaining rings 
37 and 39 will work. 
As before, the fit between the retaining rings 37 and 39 and annular 
shoulder 24 is sufficiently tight so that it is not essential that the 
keys 31 and 33 be in the same plane as the retaining rings. The major 
function of keys 31 and 33 is to prevent rotation of valve body 10 within 
valve neck 50. However, in the preferred embodiment it is desirable to 
have the keys 31 and 33 in the same plane as retaining rings 37 and 39 so 
that it is virtually impossible to insert a screwdriver or other tool at 
the location of the gap between the retaining rings to try and remove the 
retaining rings. Each retaining ring 37 and 39 also abuts interior wall 26 
with sufficient force to also lend to the strength of the retaining means. 
As should be apparent from the above description, the outer diameter of the 
retaining ring is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the annular 
groove in the valve neck. In the case of the pair of semi-circular 
retaining rings, their combined outer diameter when they form a circle is 
approximately equal to the outer diameter of the annular groove. The width 
of the retaining ring or each of the pair of semi-circular retaining rings 
is approximately equal to the combined widths of the annular groove in the 
valve neck and the annular top shoulder in the valve body. 
While only embodiments with one or two keys and corresponding keyways have 
been described, the present invention also encompasses any multiplicity of 
keys and associated keyways. For example, three keys spaced 120 degrees 
apart and associated keyways therefor, or four keys spaced 90 degrees 
apart and associated keyways therefor are certainly within the spirit and 
scope of the present invention. In each additional embodiment, the 
appropriate number and shape of partial retaining rings would be used. 
For illustrative purposes only, one set of detailed dimensions will be set 
forth. It is emphasized that this set of dimensions is designed to show 
only one of numerous dimensional configurations for the present invention 
and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the claimed monopoly. The 
annular groove 58 may have a depth of 0.060 inches and the annular shelf 
or shoulder 24 may have a width of 0.040 inches. The inner diameter of the 
annular groove 58 and the interior surface 54 of valve neck 50 can be 
2.003 inches while the outer diameter of the valve body 10 and therefore 
the annular shoulder 24 can be 1.98 inches. Therefore, there is a very 
slight gap of 0.0023 inches between the parts. Therefore, the width of the 
retaining ring 34 or the two retainings rings 37 and 39 as the case may be 
can be 0.101 inches. Both the annular groove 58 and the retaining ring 34 
can have an outer diameter of the same dimension. Therefore, the retaining 
ring 34 or two rings 37 and 39 can fit within annular groove by an 
approximate distance of 0.060 inches and can extend radially inward of 
said groove by a distance of approximately 0.041 inches, to thereby rest 
on almost the entire width of 0.040 inches of the annular shoulder 24. The 
gap of 0.0023 inches provides sufficient clearance for the extra width of 
0.001 inches of the retaining ring. The retaining ring 34 or rings 37 and 
39 preferably abut top inner wall 26. The height of the annular groove 58, 
the ring or rings 34, or 37 and 39 and the top wall 26 can all be 
approximately the same and by way of example can be 0.062 inches. 
Of course, the present invention is not intended to be restricted to any 
particular form or arrangement, or any specific embodiment disclosed 
herein, or any specific use, since the same may be modified in various 
particulars or relations without departing from the spirit or scope of the 
claimed invention hereinabove shown and described of which the apparatus 
shown is intended only for illustration and for disclosure of an operative 
embodiment and not to show all of the various forms of modification in 
which the invention might be embodied or operated. 
The invention has been described in considerable detail in order to comply 
with the patent laws by providing a full public disclosure of at least one 
of its forms. However, such detailed description is not intended in any 
way to limit the broad features or principles of the invention, or the 
scope of patent monopoly to be granted.