Water flushing system providing treated discharge

A water flushing system for a pressurized subterranean water distribution system includes an inlet conduit for receiving pressurized water from the subterranean water distribution system; an outlet fluidly connected to the inlet conduit for discharging pressurized water in the inlet conduit downwardly towards a drain; and a control valve for controlling the flow of pressurized water in the inlet conduit. The water flushing system further includes one or more of the following features: a freeze protection assembly, a detachable coupling system, a dechlorination system, and a backflow prevention system.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates in general to water quality maintenance devices and systems and, more particularly, to a water flushing apparatus for automatically maintaining water quality in a water distribution system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Water flushing systems are known in the art such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,358,408 and 6,035,704. While the main purpose of these systems is to improve water quality in a water distribution system, such systems can include a number of auxiliary features that address specific issues relating to water flushing systems.

For instance, some water flushing systems are used in locations that may expose the system to subfreezing temperatures. Such environments can be damaging to various components of the system. For example, when the water contained in a pipe freezes, it expands and may ultimately break the surrounding pipe. Moreover, frigid conditions can interfere with the proper functioning of a water flushing system. Some flushing systems use electronic controls to automatically open and close various valves. However, many of these electronic devices are sensitive to temperature extremes and, in subfreezing climates, the electronic unit may become inoperative. Accordingly, there is a need for a water quality apparatus that can protect various components against the potential dangers caused by freezing temperatures.

Another problem associated with water flushing systems is the backward flow of contaminated or otherwise unclean water into the water distribution system. Thus, it is desirable to provide a water flushing system that prevents backflow of contaminated water into the water distribution system.

Further, some jurisdictions may impose environmental or other requirements on water discharged from the flushing system. For example, a municipality may prohibit the discharge of chlorinated water into the ground or into a storm drain. Therefore, it is desirable for a water flushing apparatus to provide a system or device for appropriately treating at least a portion of the water discharged from the system such as by providing a dechlorination system.

Still another issue concerns the accessibility of water flushing systems in which most of the operating components are disposed below grade level and/or water flushing systems that are enclosed within any confined space. Because such systems may require regular inspection and maintenance, not to mention occasional repairs, there is a need to provide a system that permits retrieval and/or access to a substantial portion of the water flushing apparatus in a relatively expeditious manner.

Thus, one object according to aspects of the present invention is to provide a water flushing system that includes freeze protection features. Another object according to aspects of the invention is to provide a water flushing apparatus having backflow prevention attributes. Still another object according to aspects of the invention is to provide a device or system for dechlorination or other treatment of water exiting the system. Yet another object according to aspects of the invention is to provide an apparatus and method for retrieving a water flushing system disposed in a confined space. These and other objects according to aspects of the present invention are addressed below.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A water flushing system for a pressurized subterranean water distribution system includes an inlet conduit for receiving pressurized water from the subterranean water distribution system; an outlet fluidly connected to the inlet conduit for discharging pressurized water in the inlet conduit; and a control valve for controlling the flow of pressurized water in the inlet conduit. The flushing system can further include one or more of the following: a freeze protection assembly, a detachable coupling system and method, a water treatment system such as a dechlorination system, and a backflow prevention system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the present invention address many of the problems relating to water flushing systems. More particularly, aspects according to the present invention relate to freeze protection, backflow prevention, and dechlorination or other water treatment in connection with water flushing systems. Other aspects of the present invention are directed to an apparatus and methods for allowing a user to remotely retrieve an apparatus or system including a water flushing system. These aspects and other aspects will be discussed in connection with various water flushing systems.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in the context of various water flushing systems, but the detailed description is intended only as exemplary. Embodiments according to aspects of the invention are shown inFIGS. 1-39, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated structure or application.

Water flushing systems can have a variety of configurations and arrangements. Examples of such systems are shown inFIGS. 1, and9-15. The system shown inFIGS. 9-15will generally and/or collectively be referred to as column-type systems; the system shown inFIG. 1will generally be referred to as a box-type system. The terms “column” and “box” are given only to facilitate discussion and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to any particular layout. While each of these systems can be arranged in different manners, many of the individual components are common between the various systems. Both the box-type system and the column-type system will be discussed in turn according to aspects of the present invention.

An example of a box-type water flushing system10is shown inFIG. 1. The system includes water carrier piping12that connects to a pressurized subterranean water distribution system (not shown), which can be located below the ground level13, preferably below the freeze or frost line14of the ground. The dimensions and configuration of the water carrier piping12are adapted for connection to the particular piping or provisions of the water distribution system. For example, the inlet end12aof the water carrier piping can provide a male or a female connector that can be threaded for threaded engagement with the water distribution system. The water carrier piping12can comprise a single pipe, which can be straight or include one or more bends, or it can comprise a plurality of pipes and/or fittings.

Regardless of the exact configuration, the water carrier piping12is generally connected at its inlet end12ato the water distribution system and at its outlet end12bto other components of the water flushing system10. The outlet end12bof the water carrier piping12can be connected to the other components of the water flushing system10in various manners such as by threaded engagement, adhesives, fasteners or welding. Preferably, the water flushing system10and the water carrier piping12are detachably coupled together by a quick connect/disconnect device18such as a cam lock. An example of a cam lock device is illustrated inFIGS. 27-30and is discussed later.

In one embodiment, the water carrier piping12can be detachably coupled to a flow controlled passage16of the water flushing system10. The flow controlled passage16can comprise a single pipe or a plurality of pipe segments and/or fittings. Under certain circumstances, it may be desirable to completely cut off water flow to the apparatus. For instance, isolation may be desirable when the apparatus is undergoing repair. Thus, an isolation or shut-off valve20for controlling the introduction of water into the apparatus can be disposed along the flow controlled passage.

Water entering the flow controlled passage16can encounter a flow control valve22. The flow control valve22can control the rate at which water is purged from the system. When not in a flushing mode, the flow control valve22can completely restrict the flow of the incoming water from the main line. The flow control valve22can be any type of valve such as a ball valve. Preferably, the flow control valve22is capable of passing sand and other debris without obstructing the valve22. The flow control valve22can be constructed of various materials including metals and plastics such as non-corrosive glass reinforced nylon.

A programmable controller24can be provided for activating and deactivating the flow control valve22. Thus, the controller24can be programmed to activate the flow control valve22in various settings or cycles. For example, the controller24can be set for a specific day, at a desired time of day and/or for a specified duration of time. In one embodiment, the controller24can be integrated with the flow control valve22. The programmable controller24can be a solenoid controller. Preferably, the controller24can be powered by a power supply such as a replaceable self-contained power source like a 9-volt battery. Ideally, the power source can have an operating life of about 8 months to 12 months under normal operating conditions.

The controller24can store instructions from a hand-held detachable programmer (not shown). Alternatively, the controller24can include a integral keypad or other user interface. The programmer can transmit instructions to the controller in numerous ways. In one embodiment, a programming/data retrieval port (not shown), such as a standard telephone handset jack, can be integral with the controller24or it can be integrated into a portion of the apparatus housing (not shown). The port and the controller can be separate pieces and, when they are, a cord can be provided to connect them together.

The port can be adapted for receiving instructions from a remote hand-held programming device (not shown). For instance, the hand-held programming device can comprise a lap-top computer. The hand-held electronic device can communicate programming instructions to the programmable controller24in various manners. The port can provide for either uni-directional or bi-directional communication between the programming device and the controller24.

In basic operation, when the flow control valve22is opened, water in the flow controlled passage16can pass through the flow control valve22and into discharge piping26. Discharge piping26preferably routs the water downward, such as into a receiving drain29, so as to avoid the dangers associated with upward or lateral discharge.

The discharge piping26can be configured in several ways. It can be a single pipe or a plurality of pipes and/or fittings. The discharge piping26can comprise rigid pipes and/or flexible pipes overall or in certain portions. The discharge piping26can be in fluid communication with a receiving drain29. In one embodiment, the discharge piping26can connect directly to a receiving drain29. Such a connection can be made in various ways such as by any of a number of pipe fittings, hose clamps or a quick connect/disconnect device. Alternatively, the discharge piping26and the receiving drain29may not be directly connected. In one embodiment, an air gap can separate the discharge piping26and the receiving drain29. Though the discharge piping26and the receiving drain29are no longer directly connected, they are in substantial fluid communication so that water exiting the discharge piping26can be substantially received in the receiving drain29. The air gap configuration offers protection against backflow of contaminated or unclean water. With such a configuration, the box-type water flushing system10may not need any other backflow prevention devices as part of the system.

However, when no air gap is provided between the discharge piping26and the receiving drain29, backflow can still be an issue. Thus, aspects according to the invention relate to preventing the backflow of water in the water flushing system10. In one aspect, the box-type water flushing system can include a backflow prevention device. The backflow prevention device can be any of a number of devices including an RPZ, which operates on a reduced pressure zone theory. Preferably, the backflow prevention device is a vacuum pressure breaker30. Vacuum pressure breakers and RPZs are known in the art, so the details of their operation will not be explained as they are generally understood by one skilled in the art.

It has been observed that, during operation, the vacuum pressure breaker30may sometimes fail to close properly. Such a problem can be alleviated by applying a back pressure on the vacuum pressure breaker30. To create the needed back pressure, the discharge piping26downstream of the vacuum pressure breaker30can be reduced to create a choked flow condition. For example, in one embodiment, the discharge piping26can be reduced from an inner diameter of about 2 inches to an inner diameter of about 1 inch.

The reduction can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, the discharge pipe26can have a specially contoured inner passage that can, for example, include a sharp reduction in inner diameter. Alternatively, the choked flow condition can be created by connecting pipe segments having unequal inner diameters. Further, as shown inFIG. 1, a separate piece such as a reducer32can be inserted into the discharge piping26downstream from the vacuum pressure breaker30to create the needed back pressure.

One possible configuration for a reducer appears inFIG. 7. As shown, the reducer32can be a generally cylindrical part having an outer diameter sized for receipt inside of the discharge piping26. For example, if the discharge piping26has an inner diameter of approximately 2 inches, the reducer32can have an outer diameter of about 1⅞ inches. The inner diameter of the reducer32can be sized to create the desired choke flow condition. In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the reducer32can be about 1 inch. The reducer32can be placed inside of the discharge piping26either with or without the benefit of additional securement devices such as glue. The reducer32can be made of any material such as metals including brass, but plastics including PVC are preferred. When employed, the reducer32can increase the pressure in the portion of the discharge piping26prior to the reducer32. Experience has demonstrated that this extra back pressure can facilitate closure of the vacuum pressure breaker.

Aspects of the present invention can further relate to a freeze protection system for the box systems to address the previously-described dangers of subfreezing temperatures. Before turning to the details of the present invention, the Applicants wish to describe a prior art freeze protection system that has been applied to box-type water flushing devices. In the prior art, a t-fitting was interposed between the controller and the flow control valve. Branching off from the t-fitting was a plastic tube that entered into the housing for the controller. Inside the housing, the plastic tube wrapped in coil-like fashion, extending downwardly about the inner periphery of the housing. The plastic tube exited near the bottom of the housing and then connected into a first end of a temperature control valve.

The second end of the temperature control valve was connected to outlet plastic tubing. This tubing ultimately tied into the discharge flow path of the system so as to be purged from the system. The temperature control valve measured the water temperature in the tubing connecting into the temperature control valve. The temperature control valve could further be set to fully or partly open at certain predetermined temperature levels. When the temperature control valve opened, there would be a decrease in the pressure in the tubing extending between the t-fitting and the temperature control valve. The decrease in pressure would cause the control valve to open a generally commensurate amount to allow water to flush through the apparatus.

This arrangement was designed to provide freeze protection by exchanging the near freezing water in the lines with warmer water from a subterranean water distribution system located below the frost line. Such replacement water would naturally be above the ambient freezing temperatures. The passage of the warmer water through the system would prevent the lines from freezing and, in addition, would circulate through the coiled line surrounding the controller so as to prevent the controller and associated electronics from freezing.

However, further study and field experience has revealed imperfections in the above-described arrangement. For example, the above-described arrangement can result in the thermal control valve measuring artificially warmer water temperatures in the incoming supply line. This water was indeed warmer because it had initially passed through the coiled tubing surrounding the controller. As noted earlier, the coiled tubing is contained within a housing, which acted as somewhat of a barrier from the external environment. Thus, the water leaving the coil and flowing up to the temperature control valve was warmer than, for example, water in other tubing in the system. But, since the temperature control valve only took readings from water in its incoming line, the temperature reading were not representative of the water temperature in other parts of the system.

Because the temperature control valve measured a higher temperature, it would remain closed and not allow warmer water from below ground to replace the freezing water. Consequently, the water would freeze before the temperature control valve opened. This problem may have been exacerbated by the size of plastic tubing used in the system. In this prior system, the tubing was ¼ inch in diameter. However, experience has demonstrated that water in tubing of that size is more likely to freeze compared to water in tubing of a somewhat larger diameter, such as ⅜ or ½ inches.

The problems associated with at least the above-described prior system are addressed according to aspects of the present invention. In one respect, the system components can be rearranged so as to avoid the artificially high temperature readings taken by the temperature control valve. In another respect, the system tubing can be replaced with larger diameter tubing to further impede the onset of freezing.

FIGS. 1-6shows an example of a system and various individual components that can be arranged to provide an improved freeze protection system according to aspects of the present invention. The general arrangement will now be described. A t-fitting34can be inserted between the controller and the flow control valve. A first tube36can branch off from the t-fitting and can be routed directly to the inlet of the temperature control valve38. At the outlet of the temperature control valve38, a second tube40can be provided that to carry water into and out of a housing23for the controller24. Specifically, as shown inFIGS. 2 and 3, the second tube40can enter the housing and coil around the inner periphery of the housing in a generally downward spiral path. The second tube40can be coiled in such a way so as to receive at least a portion of the controller24. When the controller24is inserted into housing23, at least a portion of the controller24can be substantially surrounded by the second tube40.

After exiting the housing23, the second tube40continues and connects into discharge piping26. If a reducer32is used in the water flushing system10, then it is preferred if the second tube40connects into the discharge piping26at a point downstream from the reducer32. While the pressure in the discharge pipe26can be relatively high upstream of the reducer, the pressure can conversely be relatively low downstream of the reducer32. Thus, by connecting the second tube40into the discharge piping26downstream of the reducer32, the second tube can benefit from the low pressure, which may provide a suction effect to facilitate fluid flow through and out of second tube40. Having described the basic arrangement of a freeze protection system according to aspects of the invention, the individual components will be discussed in turn below.

The t-fitting34, among other things, facilitates the opening of the flow control valve for normal flushing and freeze protection purposes. An example of a t-fitting34that can have certain features according to aspects of the present invention is shown inFIGS. 4-6. The t-fitting has first42, second44and third46ends. The first end42can be connected directly to the controller24such as by threaded engagement. However, the connection may be indirect as well. For example, as shown inFIG. 2, an adapter48can be disposed between the controller24and the t-fitting34for providing adaptability between the controller24and other components, if needed. Similarly, the second end44can connect, either directly or indirectly, into the flow control valve22. The third end46can connect into the first tube36such as by hose clamps, fitting or a swage-type connection. Each of these ends42,44,46can have any of a number of configurations such as internal or external threads. Further, the configuration of the ends42,44,46can be identical to or completely different from each other. The t-fitting34can be made of any material such as metals or plastics.

The t-fitting34can have numerous internal features according to aspects of the present invention. For example, the t-fitting34can include three passages50,51,52that are generally defined by the inner diameter of the t-fitting34and three dividing walls53,54,55extending from a central hub56. Extending through the central hub56is a passage57. At the second end44of the t-fitting34, each of passages50,51can include an opening58,59, respectively. The above described features can cooperate to open and close the flow control valve22.

Openings58,59provide a path for water to initially enter the t-fitting34. However, any further flow is generally cut off by the flow control valve22and the temperature control valve38. Further, in one embodiment, the upper opening57aof the passage57can be sealing closed by a nipple and/or plunger (not shown) associated with the controller24. In short, the water in and around the t-fitting34is generally under pressure, and the arrangement of the internal features of the t-fitting assist in the opening and closing of the flow control valve22.

For example, during a normal flushing operation, the controller24can activate the flow control valve22by retracting the plunger/nipple so that it lifts off of the upper opening57a. As a result, the pressurized water in the t-fitting34will flow into passage57. This creates a loss of pressure in that region. In one embodiment, the flow control valve22can include diaphragm (not shown) that can be sensitive to pressure shifts. Thus, the loss of pressure created when the plunger/nipple was lifted off of the upper opening57acauses the flow control valve to open and water is flushed from the water distribution system. In addition, water that flows into the passage57can flow out into the control valve on the other side of the diaphragm. To end the flushing cycle, the controller can push the plunger and/or nipple over the upper opening57aof passage57. Again, this is merely an example of one way in which the controller24can operate the flow control valve22.

Not only can the controller22operate the flow control valve24, but the temperature control valve38can operate the flow control valve as well, separately and independently from the controller22. As will be described below, the temperature control valve38can create a pressure relief when it opens so as to cause the flow control valve22to open. Starting in a non-flushing mode, the first tube36is filled with water. Water is allowed to enter the first tube36through passage46in the t-fitting34. Thus, a portion of the water in the first tube36is substantially proximate to the temperature control valve38. When the water in the first tube36reaches a certain temperature (as discussed below), the temperature control valve38opens, which relieves the pressure in the first tube36so as to allow water to flow through the temperature control valve38. The pressure loss causes more water to be delivered to the first tube36through the t-fitting34. As a result, the flow control valve will open22and the system will begin a flush cycle. The above is merely one example of t-fitting; there are a variety of t- and other type fittings or other fitting within the scope of the invention.

Aside from the t-fitting, there are several other components that can be a part of the freeze protection system according to aspects of the invention such as the housing23for the controller24. The housing23can have a variety of configurations. For example, the housing23can be generally cylindrical and at least one of its ends23a,23bcan be open. The housing23can have any shape so long as it can accommodate the controller24and the coiled second tube40. In one embodiment, the housing can include one or more openings for accommodating the second tube as it enters and exits the housing.

The housing23can be made of a variety of materials and, in one embodiment, the housing23is made from plastic. Moreover, the housing23can include a cap25that can be removably attached to the top end23aof the housing23such as by threaded engagement. Alternatively, the cap25may not even be associated with the housing23. Rather, the cap25can be generally associated with the controller24. For example, the cap25can be a cover provided with the controller24.

The temperature control valve38can be any device designed to open, fully or partially, at various temperature levels. In one embodiment, the temperature control valve38can simply open fully at a given temperature. In another embodiment, the temperature control valve38can begin to open at a first temperature, for example, 40 degrees Fahrenheit. If the temperature continues to drop, the valve38can gradually and commensurately open until it fully opens at a second temperature such as 35 degrees Fahrenheit. Alternatively, the temperature control valve38can start to open at 35 degrees Fahrenheit and become fully open at 30 degrees Fahrenheit. The settings of the temperature control valve38may or may not be adjustable depending on the particular temperature control valve38.

Naturally, the temperature control valve38is configured to measure the water temperature in the first tube36. Accordingly, the temperature control valve38can include, for example, a thermometer or a temperature sensitive metal coil. In one embodiment, the temperature control valve38can be a purely mechanical device; in another embodiment, the temperature control valve38can have electronic attributes as well.

The first and second tubes36,40of the freeze protection system can have various forms and be made of various materials. For example, the tubes36,40can have a variety of cross sections, but generally round is preferred. The tubes36,40can be made of metals or plastic. Further, it is preferred if the tubes36,40are about ½ inch or, more preferably, about ⅜ inch in diameter. As noted earlier, field testing and operation has demonstrated that tubing36,40of such size is less likely to freeze compared to ¼ inch tubing as used in the prior art. The first and second tubes36,40can but need not be the same size. Moreover, it should be noted that both the first and second tubes36,40can be a single continuous tube or they can comprise multiple tube segments and/or fittings.

With the general arrangement and individual components described in detail, an example of the operation of a freeze protection system according to aspects of the invention will now be described. Initially, the temperature control valve38is closed and the first tube36is filled with water. The temperature control valve38can measure the temperature of the water in or from the first tube36. The temperature control valve38can take measurements on a substantially continuous basis or at any regular or irregular interval. When the water temperature reaches a first temperature, the temperature control valve38will begin to open. If the water temperature in the line further cools to a second temperature, the temperature control valve38will fully open.

When the temperature control valve38opens, water in the first tube36can pass through the valve38. Because of the pressure relief in the first tube36, the control valve22opens to allow water from the water distribution system to flush through the system. Thus, the cold water that was in the system is exchanged for warmer water from the water distribution system. Some of this water will pass through the control valve22and into discharge piping26as discussed previously. In addition, a portion of the warmer water passes through the t-fitting34, into the first tube36and through the temperature control valve38.

After passing through the valve38, the water can flow into a second tube40. Water in the second tube can be routed to the controller housing23. As shown inFIG. 3, the second tube40enters the housing23and coil downwardly around the inner periphery of the housing23and ultimately exits the housing23. At least a portion of the controller24is substantially surrounded by the coils of the second tube40. Thus, as warmer water passes through the coils, the electronic and other components will be warmed. Water exiting the housing23will continue to flow through the second tube40until it flows into the discharge piping26as discussed before. The above flushing operation will continue until the temperature control valve closes such as when it detects a sufficiently elevated temperature. The above operation will repeat itself as necessary. Again, the first and second tubes36,40are ⅜ or ½ inches in diameter, which offer protection from freezing between flushing cycles.

In addition to freeze protection, aspects according to the present invention can further relate to providing a device for treating water being flushed from the system. In one aspect, the box-type system can provide apparatus for dechlorinating the discharge water. The dechlorination apparatus can comprise a plurality of components including, for example, a treatment container80, a treatment substance, and inlet and outlet tubing86,88. Each of these components will be discussed in order below.

FIG. 8generally shows an example of a water treatment container80for holding a substance for treating discharge water. In one embodiment, the container80can generally comprise a generally cylindrical body82and a cap84. The cap84and the body82can have any of a number of general shapes. For example, instead of being generally cylindrical, the container80can be generally triangular, rectangular, polygonal, etc. The cap84and the body82can be secured by threaded engagement, conforming fit, hinges, fasteners or any other manner such that the cap84is removable from the body82. Alternatively, the cap84and body82can be secured by welding or adhesives such that the cap is no longer readily removable. In this case, cap84can provide an opening or door in which a user can deposit a substance into the interior of the container80. The housing80can be attached to the system using any of a variety of restraints.

The container80can be made of any material such as metal or plastic like PVC. Preferably, the container80is made from a material that is compatible with the substance intended to be placed inside of the container. In other words, the container80will not degrade or otherwise adversely affect the substance contained within and, conversely, the substance will not degrade or otherwise adversely affect the container80.

The substance to be placed within the container can be any of a number of substances depending on the goal or governmental regulations at issue. For example, if a municipality forbids discharging chlorinated water back into the ground, then the water treatment device can be a dechlorination device and, accordingly, the container80can be filled with sodium sulfite in tablet or other form. Alternatively, the housing may contain other substances such as vitamins or minerals for not only treating the water but also the surrounding soil. Further, the container80can include one or more different substances. Regardless of the composition of the substance, it is preferred if the substance is provided in solid form such as tablets, granules, pellets or pills, for example. The container80can be filled to any level with the substance, and, in one embodiment, the body82can include graduated level marking to indicate the level of substance contained inside.

The dechlorination container80can be provided with an opening85to receive water from an inlet tube86(FIG. 1). The inlet tube86can be made of various materials such as plastic or metal tubing. The inlet tube86can extend from a portion of the discharge piping of the box-system as shown inFIG. 1. The inlet tubing can tie anywhere into the discharge piping. For example, the inlet tubing can tie into a region of the discharge piping26where the discharge piping26is routing the water downward or it can tie into a region of the discharge piping26where the discharge water is flowing generally parallel to the ground surface.

To aid in routing water to the dechlorination tower80, the discharge piping26of the box-system can make use of a reducer32for restricting the water flow inside the discharge piping26. The earlier discussion of the reducer32in connection with the vacuum pressure breaker applies equally here as the reducer32.

When employed, the reducer32can increase the pressure in the portion of the discharge piping26prior to the reducer32. The supply line86of the dechlorination apparatus can take advantage of this elevated pressure by being connected into the discharge piping26upstream of the location of the reducer42as shown inFIG. 1. Thus, the supply tubing86will provide a path for reducing the pressure build-up. The supply line86extends from the discharge piping26and into the treatment tower80. Further, prior to entering the treatment tower80, the supply line86can be fitted with a valve88for partially or completely restricting the flow into the tower80.

The inlet piping86can enter the container80in a variety of places along the length or circumference of the cylindrical body82or through the cap84. For example, the line86can enter at an upper portion of container as shown inFIG. 8. In such case, entering water can percolate down through the dechlorination tablets within the container80Alternatively, the line can enter the tower at a relatively low point so that the incoming water washes against the generally lowermost tablets housed within the container80.

The container80can include an opening (not shown) in the bottom83of the container80. In such case, the bottom surface of the container can be inclined so as to facilitate draining of water out of the container through the opening and tubing90connected to the opening in the bottom of the container80. The outlet tubing90can ultimately connect back into the discharge piping26,26aof the box-system, preferably in a portion located downstream of the reducer42. In such case, the relatively low pressure within the discharge piping26,26ain that region can create a suction effect to further facilitate flow of the treated water out of the container80. The outlet tube90can be comprised of various materials such as metals or plastics, and can have any of a number of configurations.

The dechlorinized water exiting the discharge piping90can mix with the untreated water being flushed so as to provide a desired average level of dechlorination of the water flushed from the system. The amount of dechlorinization can be controlled in any of a number of ways such as by including more tablets or by providing larger capacity inlet and outlet lines86,90or a larger container80. While the above discussion relates to dechlorination, aspects of the invention are not so limited. For example, the container80can house any of a number of substances for treating the water being discharged.

In summary, aspects of the invention relate to various improvements of the box-type water flushing system. Aspects include freeze protection, dechlorination and water treatment and certain backflow features as well.

Like the box-type systems, the column-type systems can have a number of arrangements and can be used in a variety of environments and manners. The column-type systems are especially suited for occasions in which a user wishes to place most, if not all, of the operating components of the system below grade level. Such an arrangement is desirable at least for the reason that it can deter tampering, theft or vandalism.

Examples of column-type systems are shown inFIGS. 9-10. A basic column-type system100can comprise a plurality of components. The column system can be supplied by a water distribution system (not shown) such as a subterranean pressured water line. Water from the water distribution system can be received in water carrier piping102through a water inlet104. The dimensions and configuration of the water inlet104are adapted for connection to the particular piping of the water distribution system. For example, the water inlet104can provide a male or a female connector that can include threads.

The water carrier piping102can be made up of one or more pipe segments and/or fittings. For example, after connecting to the water distribution system, the water carrier piping can include pipe fittings such as an elbow, tee or other fitting so as to change the direction of the incoming water. In one case, the water distribution system may be oriented generally horizontally. In such case, the water carrier piping can include a generally horizontal pipe segment106for connection to the water distribution system. The other end of the water carrier piping segment106can connect to a 90 degree elbow108. Another pipe segment110can extend generally vertically upward from the other end of the elbow108. Generally vertical means true vertical as well as deviations therefrom. Thus, the incoming water enters the water carrier piping102in a generally horizontal manner and is redirected through the water carrier piping102to become generally vertical. Instead of having multiple pipe segments106,108,110, the water carrier piping102can be a single piece shaped so as to have the desired path.

Regardless of the exact configuration, the water carrier piping102can generally be connected at one of its ends to the water distribution system and at its other end to other components of the water flushing system100. The water inlet piping102can be connected to the other components of the water flushing system100in various manners such as by threaded engagement, adhesives, fasteners or welding. Preferably, the water flushing system100and the water carrier piping102are detachably connected together by a quick connect/disconnect device.

A quick connect/disconnect device can be a detachable coupling set such as a cam lock, which is known in the art. A cam lock device is illustrated inFIGS. 27-30. In general, a cam lock can comprise a male connector portion and a female receptacle portion. The cam lock can provide one or more rotatble cam members, which can be integral with a user handle for rotating the cam members. Additional aspects of the cam lock system will be described in greater detail below.

Again, the water carrier piping and the water distribution system can be detachably connected. Accordingly, one end of the water carrier piping can include a cam lock fitting such as a male connector portion. Naturally, the mating component of the column-type water distribution system can be provided with a corresponding cam lock fitting such as a female receptacle portion.

In one water flushing system, water can flow from the water carrier piping102, through the cam lock and into a flow controlled passage110of the column-type system. Water entering the flow controlled passage110encounters a flow control valve112. The valve112can control the rate at which water is purged from the system. When not in a flushing mode, the valve112can completely restrict the flow of the incoming water from the main line. The valve112can be any type of valve such as a ball valve. Preferably, the valve112is capable of passing sand and other debris without obstructing the valve112. The control valve112can be constructed of various materials including metals and plastics such as non-corrosive glass reinforced nylon.

A programmable controller114can be provided for activating and deactivating the flow control valve112. Thus, the controller114can be programmed to activate the flow control valve112in various settings or cycles. For example, the controller114can be set for a specific day, at a desired time of day and/or for a specified duration of time. In one embodiment, the controller114can be integrated with the flow control valve112. The programmable controller114can be a solenoid controller. Preferably, the controller114can be powered by a power supply such as a replaceable self-contained power sources like a 9-volt battery. Ideally, the power source can have an operating life of about 8 months to 12 months under normal operating conditions.

The controller114can store instructions from hand-held detachable programmer (not shown). The programmer can transmit instructions to the controller in numerous ways. In one embodiment, the column-type system can provide a programming/data retrieval port116, such as a standard telephone handset jack, which can be integrated into a portion of the apparatus housing118. Preferably, the port116is waterproof. As shown inFIGS. 9 and 10, the port116can generally be located in several places. When the port116and controller114are separated, a cord120can be provided to connect between the port116and the controller114.

The port116can be adapted for receiving instructions from a remote hand-held programming device (not shown). For instance, the hand-held programming device can comprise a lap-top computer. The hand-held electronic device can communicate programming instructions to the programmable controller114in sundry manners. The port can provide for either unidirectional or bidirectional communication between the programming device and the controller114.

After the flow control valve112, the system includes substantially straight and generally vertical piping122, which may comprise a single pipe or a plurality of pipes and/or fittings. The vertical piping122can connect into the flow control valve114in sundry manners such as by threaded engagement, adhesives, fasteners or any combination thereof. The vertical piping122can be made of any material but plastics such as PVC are preferred.

Once the water passes through the vertical piping122, it can be discharged from the water flushing system100. Preferably, at least a portion of the vertical piping122and its discharge end124extend above grade level. There are an assortment of ways to discharge the water from the column-type system. In one system, shown inFIG. 9, the water flows vertically upward until it impinges on a cap126, which redirects the water downward toward the ground. To aid in discussion, this configuration will be referred to as the “cap-redirect” system.

In the cap redirect system, the portion of the vertical piping that extends above grade level122acan be enclosed within a housing. The housing can have any conformation so long as it provides protection from the outer environment. Preferably, the housing includes a generally cylindrical body portion128and a cap portion126. As shown inFIG. 11, a portion of the generally cylindrical body portion128can include a mount130for the port116.

With respect to the cap-redirect configuration, a splash guard132can be provided about the base of the housing128so as to prevent erosion of the soil surrounding the unit as a result of repeated direct discharge. The splash guard132can have any shape such as being generally circular. Further, the splash guard132can be made of a variety of materials like plastics or metals including aluminum. The splash guard132can be secured in place in any of a number of ways. For example, the splash guard132can include provisions for mounting into the ground itself and/or the above-ground128or below-ground132housings.

FIG. 10shows another discharge configuration, which shall be referred to as the “pipe-redirect” system. In the pipe-redirect system, the water can be routed vertically up and redirected downward through one or more discharge pipes (122,136,138). The discharge pipes can be a single pipe or a plurality of pipes and/or fitting to redirect the water downward. In addition, the discharge pipes can be an extension of the generally vertical piping122. In any event, the water is discharged downwardly and into a below grade location such as a storm drain, sewer line or drain field. The above ground components of the “pipe redirect” system can be enclosed within a housing118.

The column system can extend below ground to a variety of depths such as from about 3 feet to about 9 feet or from about 5 feet to about 7 feet. The underground portion of the system can be contained within a housing134. The housing can have various conformation such as cylindrical as shown inFIGS. 9 and 10. However, the housing can also be square, triangular, polygonal, rectangular, oval, or irregular in cross-section. The housing134can have any conformation so long as it generally shields the system from the surrounding earth. The top134aand bottom134bends of the housing can be open or closed. Preferably, the bottom end134bis closed. However, any openings provided in the bottom134bof the housing134for permitting component to pass through can include material such as a gasket to substantially seal the bottom from the infiltration of water and soil.

When buried at least partially underground, the column-type systems can make use of a natural freeze protection phenomenon to ensure that its components do not freeze. In particular, there is a certain depth, which varies from place to place, below which the ground does not freeze. This depth is known as the freeze or frost line. Because the ground below the frost line does not freeze, it follows that any components of the water flushing system disposed below the frost line will not freeze.

Thus, in one embodiment, the main operating components of the column-type system such as the control valve112and controller114can be disposed below the frost line140. Moreover, insulation material142such as foam can be provided inside of the housing134so as to separate the components above and below the frost line140. In such case, the insulation material142is disposed substantially at the frost line140. Thus, the insulation142retains the warmth below the frost line140while impeding the infiltration of freezing temperatures of the earth above the frost line140. Naturally, the depth at which the frost line140lies can vary from place to place.

Having described the basic components, assembly and operation of two types of column-style systems, aspects of the present invention pertaining to these systems shall now be described.

Aspects of the present invention relate to freeze protection and backflow prevention. As noted above, the column-type systems100can provide one form of freeze protection by placing the functioning components of the system below the frost line to ensure that those components will not freeze. Despite this protection, the system may nevertheless be exposed to dangers associated with freezing temperatures such as component damage due to the expansion of freezing water. For example, after completing a flushing operation, water may remain in the generally vertical piping122of the system. At least for the portion of the vertical piping122that extends above the frost line140, the retained water can eventually freeze before the next purging cycle occurs, causing piping or other components to break or rendering the system inoperative by blocking fluid flow.

Therefore, aspects of the present invention relate to a way for draining the water from the vertical column122at least to a level below the frost line140. Accordingly, in one aspect, a column-type system according to aspects of the present invention can include a weep hole144in the vertical piping so as to allow water to drain out of the vertical piping122. Such a system is shown inFIG. 11.

The weep hole144can be located anywhere along the length and circumference of the vertical piping122so long as it is below the frost line140yet after the control valve112. The weep hole144can have any of a number of conformations such as round, circular, oval, oblong, circular, rectangular, polygonal, or irregular, just to name a few. The weep hope144can be any of a variety of sizes. Further, the weep hole144can extend through the thickness of the vertical piping122at any angle with respect the outer surface of the vertical piping122. The weep hole144can be added to the piping122in any of a variety of manners including, for example, by cutting, drilling or punching.

When a weep hole144is provided, the system can include a drain hole146in a bottom surface of the housing134bto permit water to flow out of the unit and into the surrounding soil. The drain hole146can be covered with a wire mesh148or cloth or other material so as to prevent debris or other material in the surrounding soil from entering the housing. The drain hole146can be any of a variety of sizes and can be sized to provide a desired flow rate. Further, the drain hole146can be disposed anywhere on the bottom surface of the housing134b. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the bottom surface of the housing134bcan be generally sloped toward the drain hole146so as to guide water discharged from the weep hole144to the drain146.

A column-type system100having a weep hole144can operate as follows. After a flushing operation, water can remain in the vertical piping column122. However, the weep hole144provides an exit path through the water can flow out of the vertical piping122. Water exiting the weep hole144will flow into the interior of the housing such as an interior compartment150defined between the insulation142and the bottom of the housing134b. The water will continue to flow through the weep hole144until the water level in the column122is at or below the level of the weep hole144. At that point, any remaining water will be below the frost line140and the dangers of freezing will be eliminated.

The water that has poured into the interior of the housing150can exit the system through the drain hole146. It should be noted that not only does the weep hole144permit water to exit the vertical piping122after a flushing operation, but it also allows water to flow from the weep hole144during a flushing operation. During a flushing mode, most of the water is routed vertically upward through the vertical piping122and ultimately discharged from the system in any of the manners previously discussed. However, a portion of the water can flow out through the weep hole144and into the sub-frost line compartment150of the housing134. Again, this water can flow out of the housing134through the drain hole146.

While the weep hole144can remedy the concern of residual water in the vertical piping122, it may sometimes be undesirable to have water flowing out of the weep hole144during the flushing cycle of the system. For example, it may not be desirable to drain excessive amounts of water to the soil surrounding the system due to soil saturation and/or erosion. Also, the additional water can make the compartment150unnecessarily wet and/or dirty. Accordingly, aspects of the invention further relate to provisions for allowing water to drain from the vertical column122only when the system is not in a flushing mode. In other words, aspects of the invention relate to provisions for preventing water from flowing out of the column122and into the sub-frost line compartment150during a flushing operation.

The desired results can be achieved in a variety of ways in accordance with aspects of the present invention. In one embodiment, the present invention can provide one or more valves or fittings, either in combination or individually, that can effectuate the desired results. For example, as shown inFIG. 12, the present invention can include a combination of a relief valve152and a pressure increase fitting200. Each of these components will be discussed in detail below.

The relief valve152can be any component that blocks the flow of pressurized fluid through the valve while permitting low or non-pressurized flow to freely pass through the valve. One example of such a low pressure relief valve152is shown inFIG. 16. The relief valve152can comprise a multitude of individual components. As shown inFIG. 17, a low pressure relief valve152can comprise a first shell154, an o-ring156, a plunger158, a second shell160, a biasing member162, a coupling164, an elongated member166and a closing member168. Each of these components will be discussed in turn below.

The first shell154can have any of a variety of forms. In one embodiment, the first shell154can have female receptacles at each end. Each female receptacle can be provided with internal threads for threadably engaging with other components. The female receptacles can be identical and, in such case, can comprise one substantially continuous threaded axial passage through the first shell. However, the end configurations need not be identical or even similar. For example, one end can provide a male connection and the other a female receptacle.

In the example shown inFIGS. 17,18and20, the first shell includes threaded female receptacles at each end154a,154bwith the receptacles being of unequal size. The receptacles define part of an inner axial passage170extending through the first shell154. In addition, the inner axial passage170includes an unthreaded region172between the first and second receptacles154a,154b; this unthreaded region172can be tapered or it may be generally straight. Further, the first shell154can provide a shelf portion174that extends substantially about an inner periphery of the first shell. The shelf174can be any width and is preferably sized so as to accommodate the o-ring or gasket material156.

One or more positioning members176can be provided within the inner axial passage170of the first shell154. For example, the position members176can include a plurality of inwardly extending arms. The positioning members176can have any of a variety of configurations so long as they can generally position the plunger158, maintain the plunger158in position, and do not substantially restrict fluid flow through the inner axial passage170. The positioning members176can be positioned anywhere in the first shell154and, in one embodiment, four positioning members176are located in the unthreaded region172of the inner axial passage170and project radially inward therefrom.

The outer surface of the first shell can have miscellaneous conformations. Preferably, at least portion of the outer surface of the first shell can include a hexagonal surface178for allowing a user to engage a tool such as pliers or a crescent or adjustable wrench to tighten or loosen the first shell as may be necessary. The first shell154can be made of any of a variety of materials including metals or plastics. In one embodiment, the first shell154is a molded plastic piece.

The plunger158of the valve152according to the invention can generally include a flange portion182and a shaft portion180extending outward from one side of the flange portion182. In one embodiment, the shaft portion180can extend substantially perpendicular to the flange182. Substantially perpendicular can include true perpendicular and deviations therefrom. The flange portion182and the shaft portion180can be a unitary piece or separate pieces joined in any of a variety of manners. The flange portion182can be any shape and is preferably generally circular. The flange portion182can further include compressible material184such as a gasket for sealingly interfacing with another surface. In one embodiment, the flange portion182includes two generally disk-like pieces with compressible material sandwiched therebetween.

The next component that can be part of the valve assembly is a second shell160. In one embodiment, the second shell160includes a threaded male connector at one end160aand a threaded female connector at the other end160b. The male connector end160acan be sized and have associated features so as to be matingly received in one of the female ends154bof the first shell154.

The second shell160can include an axial passage186extending at least partially through its interior. The axial passage186can include a surface188for substantially sealingly engaging with the flange portion182of the plunger158. The flange engaging surface188can be sloped or generally straight. Subsequent to the flange engaging surface188, the axial passage186includes one or more outlet holes190that extend through the second shell160. The outlet holes190can be arranged circumferentially about the second shell160and, in one embodiment, six outlet holes190are so arranged. The outlet holes190can be any size, shape and at any orientation with respect to the axial passage186. Preferably, the holes190are generally circular in cross-section.

The other end of the second shell160bcan be configured in several ways. For example, it can be closed so as to eliminate the need for the elongated member166, the closing member168and the coupling member164. In another embodiment, this end of the second shell160can include a threaded opening192for receiving the coupling member164.

As for its outer surfaces, the second shell160can be contoured in various ways and include a number of features. For example, at least portion of the outer surface of the second shell160can include a hexagonal surface194for allowing a user to engage a tool such as pliers or a crescent or adjustable wrench to tighten or loosen the first shell as necessary. In addition, the second shell160can include a flange portion196between the hexagonal portion194and the threaded male end160a. The second shell160can be made of any of a variety of materials including metals or plastics. In one embodiment, the second shell160is a molded plastic piece.

The biasing member162can be, for example, a spring. Further, the biasing member162can have any amount of resilience. The biasing member162can be anything so long as it can provide a biasing force against the flange portion182of the plunger158. The biasing member162can be made of any material, preferably one that does not rust or degrade upon exposure to water.

The elongated member166can be any of a variety of things such as a bolt or a threaded rod. The elongated member166can be made of any of a variety of materials, but metals such as stainless steels are preferred.

The coupling member164serves as a connection between the elongated member166and the second shell160. In one embodiment, the coupling164and the elongated member166can be a single piece. The coupling164can have an opening198to accommodate the elongated member166. For example, when the elongated member166is a threaded rod, the opening198of the coupling164can include internal threads for threadably engaging the elongated member166. Preferably, when assembled, a portion of the elongated member166extends from both ends of the coupling member. One end, the extending portion of the elongated member166can be used to position the biasing member162; the other extending end of the elongated member166can be used to engage with the closing member168.

Further, the coupling164can be configured so as to matingly be received in or matingly engage with the second shell160. For example, when one end160bof the second shell160provides a threaded female end, the coupling164can provide a threaded male end so as to matingly engage the second shell160. The coupling member164can be made of many materials like metals or plastics, especially those that do not corrode or degrade in water. In one embodiment the coupling164and the elongated member166can be a single part.

The closing member168can be any device used to retain the elongated member166in position with the coupling member164. For example, it could be any mechanical fastener such as a nut. Alternatively, the closing member168can be glue or other adhesive.

Having described the individual components that can comprise the relief valve152, one manner in which these components can be assembled will now be described. The elongated member166can be threaded into the coupling member164so that a portion of the elongated member166extends through each axial end of the coupling164. Next, the coupling164can be screwed into one end of the second shell160so as to substantially sealingly close that end of the second shell160.

The spring162can then be placed inside the second shell160proximate to the protruding portion of the elongated member166and/or the end of the coupling member164. For example, the spring162can be placed over the protruding end of the elongated member166.

Next, the plunger158is placed inside of the first shell154such that the shaft portion180of the plunger158is generally positioned between the positioning members176. In such case, the one side of the flange portion182of the plunger158can be proximate to the positioning members176. An o-ring156can then be placed in the first shell154such that it rest on or is substantially adjacent to the ledge portion174of the first shell154.

The first and second shells154,160can be secured together by threaded engagement. When assembled, the flange portion196of the second shell160can be substantially proximate to one end154bof the first shell154. Further, when assembled, the o-ring156can be compressed between the ledge174and the end of the second member160a. Furthermore, the spring162can be substantially proximate to the flange portion182of the plunger such that the spring162exerts a spring force on the plunger158. Finally, a nut168can be added to close the system.

Once assembled, the resistance of the spring162can be adjusted by tightening the coupling member164and/or elongated member166so that either of these members extends further in or out of the second shell160. In other words, the more the coupling164is tightened, the more the coupling164extends into the second shell160to thereby increase the force exerted by the spring162against the plunger158. Alternatively, when the coupling164is loosened, the coupling164does not extend as far into the second shell160and, therefore, the spring182will exert a lesser force against the plunger158.

The relief valve152can be used by itself such as by connecting it directly into the generally vertical piping122through, for example, the weep hole144or other opening below the frost line140. In such case, the first shell154can be provided with a threaded male connection end so that it can be screwed into the vertical piping122. In operation, water will initially flow into the valve152from the first shell end154. If the water is pressurized, such as water being purged from the system during a flushing mode, it can push the plunger184into substantially sealing engagement with a sealing surface188of the second shell160as is shown inFIG. 19. Thus, the pressurized water will not be able to pass through the valve. However, while the plunger158is depressed, the spring162is urging the plunger158out of engagement with the surface188of the second shell160. As shown inFIG. 18, once the water pressure ceases or diminishes to be less than the spring force, the spring162will unseat the plunger158from its substantially sealing engagement with the surface188so as to allow water to pass around the plunger158and out through the outlet holes190in the second shell160.

Further, the relief valve152can be indirectly connected into the generally vertical piping122. Any fitting can be used for this purpose and, in one embodiment, aspects of the invention can provide a fitting for increasing or maintaining a level of pressure on the plunger158so as to effectuate substantial sealing engagement with the second shell160.

One example of a pressure increase fitting200according to aspects of the present invention is shown inFIGS. 21-24. The fitting200is a generally cylindrical component having a first end202and a second end204. In the embodiment shown, each of the first and second ends comprise male connections with external threads. These are merely examples of possible configurations for the ends as the ends can also be female connections possibly having internal threads as well. The ends202,204of the fitting can but need not be identical or even similar.

There can be an engaging surface206between the two ends for allowing a tool to be connected. The engaging surface206can be, for example, a hexagonal surface for interfacing with a wrench or pliers. Other configurations are possible for the surface206and, in one embodiment, there may not be an engaging surface206at all; instead, the exterior of the fitting can be threaded along its entire length.

An opening208extends axially through between the two ends202,204of the fitting200for permitting the flow of a fluid such as water. The axial opening208can be generally cylindrical but can have any of a number of shapes.

The fitting200can further include a partial nipple210at one of its ends. The partial-nipple210can be generally semi-cylindrical or any other configuration so long as it does not extend completely around the end204of the fitting200. Other nipple210cross-sectional configurations include rectangular, semi-oval, and semi-polygonal, to name a few. Preferably, the partial-nipple210is only at one end of the fitting.

The pressure increase fitting200can be made of any of a variety of materials such as plastics or metals like stainless steel, brass or aluminum. The fitting200can be made in any manner in which conventional fittings and fasteners are made such as being machined. While it is preferred if the fitting200is a single piece, it is possible for the fitting200to be made from more than one piece.

Having described the details and/or assembly of the pressure increase fitting200and low pressure relief valve152, one manner in which such devices can be used together in connection with a column-type system100will now be described. The pressure increase fitting200can be inserted into the vertical piping122of the column-type system100. For example, the nipple-end210of the fitting200can be inserted into the weep hole144or other opening in the vertical piping122below the frost line140. Next, the first shell154end of the relief valve152can be attached to the other end of the fitting200. Preferably, the fitting200is inserted into the vertical piping122so that the partial-nipple210is on the top as generally shown inFIG. 22. In other words, the fitting200is ideally positioned so that the open face212of the partial-nipple210faces the oncoming flow. Thus, when pressurized water flows through the vertical piping122during a flushing operation, the partial-nipple210of the fitting200acts as a scoop so as to route some of the oncoming flow through the fitting200and to the valve152. The partial-nipple210can capture a portion of the dynamic head of the flushing water. Moreover, field experience has demonstrated that this orientation can ultimately increase the pressure applied to the plunger158so as to provide improved sealing with the second shell160.

The combination of the relief valve152and the fitting200can preclude water from flowing into the interior of the housing150while the system is flushing. However, still further improvements can be made to the system100because experience has shown that dirty or contaminated water can, in certain circumstances, be suctioned back into the system through the relief valve152. The water being sucked back in can be the water generally standing in the interior of the compartment150waiting to drain. This water can contain contaminants or may become contaminated or dirtied while standing in the housing. Thus it is desirable if this water is not allowed to enter the water supply. However, this can be problematic since the basic vertical system100does not include backflow prevention at that point in the apparatus.

Thus, aspects of the present invention further to preventing the possibility of backflow through the relief valve152. Accordingly a check valve214can be added between the fitting200and the relief valve152. The check valve214can be any valve that generally only permits unidirectional flow through the valve. The check valve214can be any type of valve; ideally, the check valve is a double check valve, preferably of the in-line type.

One embodiment of a column-type water flushing system including a double check valve214is shown inFIG. 13. In this arrangement, the fitting200can be inserted into the vertical piping in any of the manners previously described. The other end of the fitting can now connect into the double check valve214. To avoid the string of valves and fittings from becoming too long in one direction and possibly interfering with neighboring components, one or more fittings such as an elbow216can be interposed between the pressure increase fitting200and the check valve214. The other end of the check valve214can be connected to the relief valve152.

The above-described assembly generally operates as previously described. But now the double check valve214will prevent contaminated or dirty water sucked in through the relief valve152from contaminating the supply water.

However, during field operation and testing, the double check valve214and/or the relief valve152occasionally locked up and prevented flow out of the column so as to expose a system to the dangers of freezing conditions. The lock-up may have been caused by a pressure buildup in the passage between the double check valve214and the relief valve152. Thus, aspects of the present invention are directed to preventing lock up of the check valve214and/or the relief valve152by providing a pressure release between the two valves.

Therefore, in one embodiment, aspects of the present invention can include a pressure relief line218as shown inFIG. 14. The pressure relief line218can tie into the system by way of a t-fitting220, for example, which would be placed between the double check valve214and the relief valve152. The line218can be routed to a variety of places. For example, the relief line218can be connected into any of a number of places along the vertical piping122. However, to avoid backflow concerns, the line218can alternatively be routed so that it outlets into a bulkhead portion219of the housing128. In such case, an opening221can be included in the bulkhead portion by any of a number of method such as by drilling or punching. In such a configuration, any water flowing through the relief line218can be discharged with the rest of the water flushed from the system.

When the column-type system has a pipe-redirect discharge, the relief line218can be routed to an above-ground portion of the system such that any water carried in the line218will discharge out of the system by, for example connecting into a downwardly facing discharge pipe222such as shown inFIG. 15.

In short, there are numerous ways for providing freeze protection and backflow protection to the column-type system. While several embodiments according to aspects of the invention have been set forth above, they are only intended as examples as there are various other possibilities within the scope of the invention.

As noted earlier, a substantial portion of the column system100can be disposed beneath grade level101with many, if not all, of the functioning components situated below the frost line140. Due to such an arrangement, access to the underground components, especially those below the frost line140, can be rather challenging. Moreover, the need to access the system can arise frequently such as for inspection, maintenance (i.e. yearly battery replacement) and/or repair purposes.

Thus, aspects of the present invention relate to provide a latching system for allowing remote connection and disconnection of the water flushing apparatus100. In addition, the latching system according to aspects of the invention enables a user to retrieve most if not all of water flushing system100without having to unearth or substantially disassemble the system. While the latching system is described in connection with water flushing system100, the latching system according to aspects of the present invention is not so limited. Indeed, a latching system according to aspects of the invention can be used in any application in which a system or apparatus are located in underground, remote, confined and/or restrictive areas.

An example of a latching system according to aspects of the present invention is shown inFIGS. 35 and 36. The system can comprise one or more handles250, one or more connecting rods252and a quick disconnect254. Each of these components will be discussed in turn.

One example of handles250according to aspects of the present invention are shown inFIGS. 25 and 26. The handles250can be any device that provides an interface for a user to remotely operate the quick disconnect component254. The handles250can be a single piece or a multi-part assembly. The handles250can be made of any material and in one embodiment the handles250are made of metal. The handles250can provide an area for the user to grip such as a knurled shaft and can further include ergonomic features.

A part that can be associated with the handles is a connection block256. The connection block256generally serves as the connection point between the handle250and a respective connecting rod252. In one embodiment, there may not be a block256as the handle250may include integral structure in place of the block256. However, when a block256is used, it is preferred if the block256is rotatably attached to the handle250. Rotatably attached means that at least a portion of the block256can rotate relative to the handle250about at least one axis. One configuration for achieving rotatable attachment is for the block256to be secured to the handle250using a shoulder bolt258. In such case, the block256can include an opening260to allow passage of the shoulder bolt258or other elongated member or fastener, which can screwed into or otherwise anchored to the handle250.

The block256can have any configuration such a being generally rectangular, as shown inFIG. 25, or any other shape such as triangular, polygonal oval cylindrical, to name a few. The block256can be made of any of a variety of materials including metals and plastics. The block256can provide features for attaching the block256to other system components. For example, the block256can provide a threaded hole for receiving a threaded end of a connecting rod, or, as noted above, the block256can include a pass through openings to accommodate various fasteners.

The handles250and block256can be attached to the column system100in a variety of ways. For example, the handles250can be attached directly or indirectly to any part of the column system such as the vertical piping122or one of the housings134,118. In one embodiment, the handles250can be attached to the column system so as to be removed along with the system after the system is disconnected. Preferably, the handles250are generally associated with the system so as to be located in a user accessible region of the system or apparatus.

The handles250can be attached to any component of the column system. In one embodiment, shown inFIG. 26, the handles250can be attached to the vertical piping122by way of a handle mount262. The handle mount262can have numerous configurations. For example, the handle mount262can be integral with the vertical piping itself122or it can be a separate piece that can comprise a single part or an assembly. One example of a handle mount262according to aspects of the invention is shown inFIGS. 25 and 26. As shown, the handle mount262can be a two piece construction having first and second halves264,266. Each half264,266can have a recess268so that when the halves264,266are secured together, such as by bolts267, a passage is formed therebetween through which a component such as the vertical piping122can pass. The recesses268in each half264,266can be any shape, but preferably each half mount264,266includes a generally semi-circular recess268. Preferably, the halves of the mount264,266are identical so as to reduce the number of unique parts of the system, but they need not be identical. The mount262can be made of a plethora of materials including metals and plastics; in one embodiment, the handle mount262is made of the same material as the handle250.

The handles250can be attached to the handle mount262and/or vertical piping122in a variety of manners. In one embodiment, the handles250can be rotatably attached to the handle mount262. Rotatable attachment means that at least a portion of the handle can rotate relative to the handle mount about at least axis. In the way of an example, rotatable attachment can be achieved by securing the handle250to the handle mount262using a shoulder bolt270. The shoulder bolt270can pass through a hole272in the handle250and screw into a threaded hole274provided in the mount262. Thus, a user can turn the handle250, causing the handle250to rotate about the shoulder screw270while the handle mount262remains stationary.

The latching system according to aspects of the present invention further can include connecting rods252. An example of a connecting rod252can be seen inFIG. 34. The rods252can be made of any material but stainless steel is preferred. The rods252can be generally hollow or solid, and can have any of a number of cross-sections such as generally circular, polygonal, rectangular, square, oblong. The connecting rods252include a proximal end280and a distal end282. The relative terms proximal and distal relate to the spatial relation between a particular-end of a connecting rod252and a user, the proximal ends280being closer to the user, such as at the near the top of the water flushing system, than the distal ends282.

Each end280,282of the connecting rod252can be configured for attachment or securement to the handles250and the quick connect/disconnect254. For example, at least one end can provide a threaded male end. As shown inFIG. 34, both the proximal and distal ends280,282have external threads. In one embodiment of the latching system, shown inFIGS. 35 and 36, the proximal end280of the connecting rods252can be attached to the handles250and/or block256; the distal end282of the connecting rods252can be attached to a portion of a detachable coupling254such as a quick connect/disconnect.

The rods252can be connected to the handle250and/or detachable coupling254in a variety of manners such as by welding, one or more fasteners, threaded engagement, or in a ball and socket relationship. Preferably, the proximal end280of the rods252include external threads for threadably engaging the block portion256of the handle. Thus, the connecting rod252can rotate with the block256as it rotates. Similarly, the distal end282of the connecting rods252can have numerous configurations for attachment to the quick connect/disconnect254. In one embodiment, the distal end282can be provided with external threads for threaded engagement with a portion of the quick connect/disconnect254. In another embodiment, the connecting rods252can provide handle-like structures (not shown) at its proximal end280to as to eliminate the need for separate handle members250.

In one embodiment, the connecting rods252can be generally straight. However, it is preferred that the connecting rods252include a bend284near the proximate end280of the rod252as shown inFIG. 34. With respect to vertical, the rods252can be bent from about 14 degrees to about 26 degrees and, more particularly, from about 14 degrees to about 20 degrees and, even more particularly, at about 15 degrees. The bends284can be formed in any of a variety of manners such as by hand, pliers, or a tube bending apparatus. The bent rod configuration can provide advantages over a straight rod when locking the quick connect/disconnect254because the bend284can provide additional locking or clamping force as the user moves the handles250so as to lock the quick connect/disconnect254.

As noted earlier, the latching system according to aspects of the present invention can further include a quick-connect/disconnect254. One example of such a device is a cam lock that is shown inFIGS. 27 and 28; however, the quick connect/disconnect254can have a variety of forms.

As noted earlier, the column system can be secured to a water distribution line by way of a quick connect/disconnect254. The quick connect/disconnect254can be anything that can detachably couple two components together. At least a portion of the quick connect/disconnect254can be a part of a component. That is, a localized area of a component can include features that would allow it to lock and unlock to other components. With respect to the column-type flushing system, the quick connect/disconnect254is used to attach the water inlet piping of the system to an underground water distribution system.

One example of a quick connect/disconnect254can be a cam lock as are known in the art. The cam lock254can generally comprise a male portion286(FIG. 28) and a female portion288(FIG. 27). The male portion286can be matingly received in the female portion288. The male component286can be coupled, for example, to an end of a pipe from the underground water distribution system; the female coupling288can be secured, for example, to the inlet piping of the column-type water flushing system. The cam lock254provides one or more handles290that can rotate between locked and unlocked positions. In the locked position, shown inFIG. 29, a cam portion292of the handle can extend partially into the interior of the female component288so as to lockingly engage a bearing surface294on the male component286. The bearing surface294can have a reduced diameter with respect to the adjacent areas of the male portion286. In the unlocked position, as shown inFIG. 30, the cam portions292of the handles do not engage the male component286so as to permit the male and female components286,288to be separated from each other. In some embodiments, the cam lock handles290can include one or more rings296for a user to grab.

As noted earlier, the distal end282of the connecting rods252are attached to the quick connect/disconnect254device so as to allow a user to selectively lock and unlock the device. For example, the connecting rods252can be attached to the handles290of the cam lock254. There are numerous ways for attaching the connecting rods252to the handles290of the cam lock254such as by welding, brazing or adhesives. Preferably, the connecting rods252are rotatably attached to the handles290of the cam lock254, which can include the ring296. Rotatably attached means that at least a portion of the connecting rod252can rotate about at least one axis relative to at least a portion of the handle290of the cam lock254.

In accordance with aspects of the present invention, rotatable attachment can be achieved by modifying a standard cam lock device254. For example, one or more parts can be added to the handle290of the cam lock254. One such assembly of parts can be seen inFIG. 31. The assembly can include first and second side members300, a bridge member302and an rod attachment member304. Both the first and second side members300include a first opening306for receiving the bridge member302and a second opening308for receiving the attachment member304. The side members300can be made of metal and can be generally flat pieces.

The bridge member302can also be a flat piece of metal with any conformation. As shown, the bridge member302can be generally rectangular. The rod attachment member304generally provides a central attachment portion310that can include, for example, a threaded hole312for attaching the distal end282of a connecting rod252. Axles314can extend from each side of the central attachment portion310. The rod attachment member310can be disposed between the side members300such that the axles314are received within the second openings308of the side members300such that the rod attachment member310can rotate therein. Moreover, the bridge member302can extend between the first openings306in the side members300as well as a slot316in the cam lock handle290. The slot316can be a preexisting slot used to retain the ring296(the ring being removed in this embodiment) or it can be added by, for example, machining or water-jet.

Once all the pieces are generally assembled, the bridge portion302can be secured to the side portions300in any of a variety of manners such as by welding or brazing. When finished, the assembly can appear as shown inFIG. 32. Again, this is only one manner in which the handles290of the cam lock254can be configured for attachment to the connecting rods252.

Further, when the cam lock254includes two or more handles290, the handles290can be configured in an substantially identical manners (seeFIG. 33) or the handles290can be configured in completely different manners for attaching to the connecting rods252. For example, one cam lock handle290can be welded to the connecting rod252whereas the other cam lock handle290can be secured to the connecting rod252by threaded engagement. Yet another possibility is to secure one of the connecting rods252to the ring296that can be provided on the handles290of the cam lock254.

Having described the individual components of a latching system according to aspects of the invention, one manner in which these components can be assembled will be described below. The described assembly is only intended as an example as the assembly can occur in just about any sequence and not every step described below need occur.

The two halves264,266of the handle mount262can be joined together so as to clampingly surround the vertical piping122as shown inFIGS. 26. The handle mount halves264,266can be joined in any of a variety of manners such as by welding, adhesives, or fasteners such as bolts267. Next, the two handles250can be rotatably attached to the handle mount262using, for example, shoulder bolts270. Then, the block256can be rotatably attached to each of the handles250such as by shoulder bolts258.

Each block256can be provided with threaded holes (not shown) into which the threaded proximal ends284of the connecting rods252are received in threaded engagement. Additional securement devices such as thread lock, adhesives or welding may be used to further establish the connection between the connecting rods252and the block256. Once attached, at least the proximal ends282of the connecting rods252can rotate with the block256relative to the handles250.

Next, the distal ends284of the connecting rods252can be secured in threaded engagement with the holes (not shown) provided in the handles290of the female portion288of the cam lock device254. Alternatively, the rods252may be secured to the handle290directly or to the rings296provided with the cam lock device254. Preferably, the connecting rod252is connected to at least a portion of the handle290of the cam lock device254can rotate like, for example, rod attachment member310in the case of modified handles290.

One manner in which the latching system can be used in connection with the column-type water flushing system will now be described. A user may wish to access certain portions of the flushing system that are disposed below ground. For example, the user may need to replace the control valve112. In such case, a user can cut off the water supply from the main distribution line through a curb stop113(FIG. 10). After cutting off the water supply, a user may run the flushing system to purge any residual water out of the system100.

Next, the user can remove any components of the flushing system that restrict access to the latch system handles250such as the housing118as well as cap126. Once accessible, the handles250can be turned by a user in a manner so as to unlock the cam lock254. When the user turns a handle250, the motion of the handle250can be transmitted to the handles290of the cam locks254by way of the connecting rods252. Thus, the cam lock handles290can be moved from their locked position (FIG. 35) to their unlocked position (FIG. 36).

After the user has moved both handles290of the cam lock254into the unlocked position, the user can manually retrieve the entire or substantially all of the water flushing apparatus. For example, the user can pull upward on the handles250and the entire unit will slide out of the underground housing134. Then a user can perform the necessary repairs or maintenance on the system.

Once the repair or maintenance is completed, the latching system can be used to reattach the water flushing system100to the main water distribution line. In such case, the water distribution system can be lowered into the housing134so that the female cam lock288receives the corresponding male receptacle286on the end of the water distribution system. Once properly in position, the handles250can be turned which result in a corresponding movement of the cam lock handles290so as to lock the cam lock254. When moving the handles to a locked, the bend284in the connecting rod252can assist by providing additional force in bringing the cams292into locked engagement with a surface294of the male connector286.

While the latching system has been described in connection with a water flushing system, the latching system according to aspects of the invention can be applied to any system or apparatus in which it is difficult to access at least a portion of the system or apparatus such as when the system or apparatus are disposed in a confined space or are subterranean.

In connection with the column-type water flushing system, aspects of the invention can further relate generally to the treatment of at least a portion of the water being flushed from the system. In one embodiment, the aspects of the invention can relate to dechlorination of the water, which can be accomplished in various manners. Two examples of dechlorination systems will be discussed below—one manner is especially suited for the pipe-redirect system and the other manner is especially suited for the cap-redirect system. While discussed in terms of dechlorination, the water treatment system below can be used to treat the flushing water in a variety of ways that are within the scope of the invention.

With respect to the pipe-redirect type of column system, aspects of the decholrination system discussed in connection with the box system are equally applicable here as would be appreciated by one skilled in the art. For example, as shown inFIG. 1, inlet tubing86can be connected into the discharge piping26such that a portion of discharge water will be routed to a water treatment container80(see alsoFIG. 8) such as has been previously discussed. After flowing through the container80, the treated water can then flow into back into the discharge piping. For example, the inlet and outlet tubing for the water treatment container could connect into any portion of the above ground piping shown inFIG. 10.

However, with respect to the cap-redirect configuration, aspects of the present invention can provide a different configuration for dechlorinating at least a portion the water being discharged. In one respect, it is desirable to provide a water treatment device such as a dechlorinator in a form that will not require substantial alteration of the basic cap-redirect design.

One example of such a system is shown inFIGS. 37-39. The shown assembly can include a number of parts such as a router350, a container352and a cap354. These and other components will be discussed in turn.

The router350can include a generally vertical channel portion356and a treatment chamber358. The treatment chamber358can extend generally forward and transverse to the channel portion356. Preferably, the channel portion356matingly interfaces with at least a portion of the outer surface of the housing128so as to define a passage360. The router358can sized so as to extend substantially along the above-ground length of the housing128. The chamber portion358is generally hollow and can be in any of a number of configurations. For example, as shown inFIG. 38, the chamber358can be generally U-shaped and can include a series of openings362along at least a portion of its lower edge. The chamber portion358and the channel portion356can be in fluid communication by one or more openings or passages364provided between the two portions. For example, as shown inFIG. 39, at least a portion of the back wall366of the channel portion356does not extend the entire length of the part. Thus, fluid can pass into the chamber portion362.

The container member352of the water treatment/dechlorination assembly can have any of a number of conformations and may be made of any of a number of materials including metals and plastic like PVC. Preferably, the container352is made of a material that is compatible with any substance held within. In one embodiment, the container352is made of PVC and is generally cylindrical. The container352is open at each of its upper and lower ends352a,352b, and at its lower end352bcan further include a series on openings368along at least a portion of its periphery. In one embodiment, the openings368can extend about the entire periphery as shown inFIG. 38. Alternatively, a group of openings368can be provided on opposite sides of the container352. The cutouts can be any shape and size. The container352may further include a wire mesh370for trapping any treatment substance372within the container352to make it more difficult for the treatment substance372to be washed through the openings368,362in the container352and chamber358. The mesh can be disposed in the container in multiple ways. For example, the wire mesh370can simply be placed in the container352without fixing it to the container352in any way. Thus, the wire mesh can be freely placed in and taken out of the container352. In another embodiment, the wire mesh370can be pushed into the container352from either side of the container352a,352band/or can be glued in place.

The wire mesh370can be made of a number of materials such as metals and plastics. The mesh370can also have a wide range of configurations. In one embodiment, the wire mesh370can be generally cylindrical. The height of the mesh370can vary as well. For example, as shown inFIG. 39, the wire mesh370can be substantially the same height as the container352. In another embodiment, the wire mesh can be a relatively shallow piece, possibly as substantially the same height or slightly taller than the openings368in the container352.

As discussed earlier, the treatment substance372can be almost anything and various regulations can dictate what substance or substances are needed. When the discharging water must be dechlorinated, the substance372can be, for example, sodium sulfite, which may be provided in any form including tablets. In other cases, the substance can be vitamins.

The assembly can include a cap354for covering the open top of the container352aand the chamber portion358of the router350. Can be made of any materials but plastic is preferred. The cap354can be conformingly fitted over the open top.

One manner of assembling the above components will be described. The router350can be placed substantially adjacent to the housing128such that the cap126is substantially adjacent to an upper end of the channel portion356of the router350. In another embodiment, the cap126can overlap a portion of the channel356as shown inFIG. 39. The assembly can be held in place by securing the assembly to the splash guard by, for example, an L-shaped bracket374.

Next, the wire mesh370can be placed in the container352, which can then be filled with one or more treatment substances372. Container352can be placed in the chamber358of the router350and then covered with the cap354. As can be appreciated from the above, the installation of the water treatment assembly requires minimal modification to the cap-redirect system.

Now one manner in which the system can be used will be described. During a flushing operation, the cap126directs water downwardly out of the system. Some of the discharged water will flow onto the splash guard132and then into the soil. However, a portion of the discharged water will flow into the passage360defined between the channel portion356of the router350and the outer wall of the housing128. The water flowing down the passage360will flow into the chamber portion358of the router350by way of an opening364provided in the channel portion356of the router350.

Once in the chamber portion358, the water can flow into the container352through its lower openings368and scour against the water treatment tablets372. The water can ultimately exit the assembly through the openings362in the chamber portion358of the router350. As water exits the decholrination assembly, it can mix with the other flushing water so as to effectively treat the water that did not flow through the water treatment assembly.

The amount of dechlorination can be regulated at least by the number of dechlorination assemblies348that are attached about the base of the housing128. In one embodiment, a single dechlorination assembly348can be used; however, in other embodiments, there can be two or more (as shown inFIG. 37). The maximum number of assemblies348that can be installed depends at least upon the size of the assembly and the size of the housing. In one embodiment, there can be up to four dechlorination assemblies spaced around the outer periphery of the housing128.

Alternatively, the amount of treatment can also be controlled through the series of holes362located at the base of the router358. By plugging one or more of these holes362, the amount of water flowing across the dechlorination tablets372can be adjusted. Obviously, if none of the holes372are plugged, then the greatest amount of water is allowed to scour the tablets, thereby releasing the greatest amount of chemical.

In summary, there are several aspects according to the present invention that can be used in connection with column-type system. Aspects include at least freeze protection, backflow prevention, various specialty fitting and valves, dechlorination and other water treatment systems and a retrieval system.

It will of course be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific details described herein, which are given by way of example only, and that various modifications and alterations are possible within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.