Immersion cooling enclosures with insulating liners

Immersion cooling enclosures with insulating liners and associated computing facilities are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, an immersion cooling enclosure includes a well formed in a substrate material, a lid in contact with and fastened to the well to enclose an internal space configured to contain a dielectric coolant submerging one or more computing devices in the internal space, and an insulating liner on the internal surfaces of the well. The insulating liner has a first side in contact with the dielectric coolant and a second side in contact with the substrate material of the well. The insulating liner is non-permeable to the dielectric coolant, thereby preventing the dielectric coolant from passing through the insulating liner to the substrate material.

BACKGROUND

Large computing facilities such as datacenters typically include a distributed computing system housed in large buildings, containers, or other suitable enclosures. The distributed computing system can contain thousands to millions of servers interconnected by routers, switches, bridges, and other network devices. The individual servers can host virtual machines, containers, virtual switches, virtual routers, or other types of virtualized devices. Such virtualized devices can be used to execute applications or perform other functions to facilitate provision of cloud computing services to users.

SUMMARY

Servers in datacenters typically include one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), graphic processing units (“GPUs”), solid state drivers (“SSDs”), memory chips, etc. mounted on a printed circuit board to form a “server.” CPUs, GPUs, and other components of a server can produce significant amount of heat during operation. If not adequately dissipated, the produced heat can damage and/or degrade performance of the various components on the server.

Various techniques using air cooling have been developed to dissipate heat produced by components of servers. For example, one technique includes placing a fan in a server enclosure (e.g., at a top or bottom of a cabinet) to force cool air from outside of the server enclosure into contact with heat producing components on servers to remove heat to the outside of the server enclosure. In another example, intercoolers (e.g., cooling coils) can be positioned between sections of servers in the server enclosure. The intercoolers can remove heat from groups of the servers in a server enclosure and generally maintain the cooling air at certain temperature ranges inside a server enclosure.

The foregoing air cooling techniques, however, have certain drawbacks. First, air cooling can be thermodynamically inefficient when compared to liquid cooling. Heat transfer coefficients of conduction and/or convection with air and specific heat of air as a heat transfer medium can be an order of magnitude below with water, ethylene glycol, or other suitable types liquid. As such, due to limitation on heat removal, densities of heat producing components (e.g., CPUs and GPUs) on a server motherboard can be limited. In addition, air cooling can have long lag times in response to a control adjustment and/or load change. For example, when a server enclosure has a temperature exceeds a threshold, additional flow of cooling air can be introduced into the server enclosure to reduce the temperature. However, due to slow thermal transfer rates of cooling air, the temperature in the server enclosure may stay above the threshold for quite a long time.

Immersion cooling techniques can address at least some of the foregoing drawbacks of air cooling. Immersion cooling generally refers to a cooling technique according to which components such as CPUs, GPUs, SSDs, memory, and/or other electronics components of a server are submerged in a thermally conductive but dielectric liquid (referred to herein as a “dielectric coolant”). Example dielectrics coolants can include mineral-oils or synthetic chemicals. Such dielectric coolants can have dielectric constants like that of ambient air. For example, a dielectric coolant provided by 3M (Electronic Liquid FC-3284) has a dielectric constant of 1.86 while that of ambient air at 25° C. is about 1.0.

In certain implementations, during operation, the dielectric coolant can remove heat from the heat producing components via boiling of the dielectric coolant by undergoing a phase change of the liquid dielectric coolant into a dielectric vapor, resulting in both liquid and gaseous phases of the dielectric coolant within a server enclosure. The dielectric vapor can then be cooled and condensed back to a liquid form via a circulation system employing liquid pumps, heat exchangers, dry coolers, etc. to reject heat from the dielectric coolant into the surrounding environment. In other implementations, the dielectric coolant can stay in a single-phase during operation. Due to high heat transfer coefficients and specific heat properties of using the dielectric coolant, densities of heat producing components in a server enclosure may be increased. Higher densities of CPUs, GPUs, etc. can result in smaller footprint for datacenters, racks, server enclosures, or other suitable types of computing facilities. High heat transfer coefficients of using the dielectric coolant can also allow fast cool down of sever components in a server enclosure.

One example design of an immersion cooling enclosure includes an elongated container (e.g., a 10-foot long container commonly referred to as a “tank”) housing multiple servers mounted vertically in the tank. The tank is typically constructed with welded stainless-steel plates in a rectilinear shape. Such a design for the immersion cooling enclosure, however, can have high engineering, manufacturing, and construction costs. For example, stainless steel plates can be expensive to acquire and costly to process. Welding stainless steel plates together requires special skills and is labor intensive. Also, once welded, the tank typically requires conformance testing, such as using helium, to determine whether any leak exists in the welds or pressure testing. Once tested, the tank is typically installed on a support structure in a facility. As such, deploying immersion cooling enclosures with such as design can have long lead time and can be capital intensive.

Several embodiments of the disclosed technology can address at least some of the drawbacks of the welded stainless-steel design by implementing an insulated-well design for an immersion cooling enclosure. In certain implementations, the immersion cooling enclosure can include a well, pit, hole, or other suitable types of indentation (referred to herein as a “well” for illustration purposes) formed in concrete, earth, bricks, or other suitable types of a substrate material and lined with an insulating liner. In one example, a well can be formed by excavating a portion of the ground (e.g., earth) in a facility to form a rectilinear pit and then pouring concrete to line the excavated portion of the ground to form a concrete well. In other examples, a well can be formed by placing one or more pre-fabricated concrete blocks on the ground in the facility to form a rectilinear well. In further examples, a well can be formed by surrounding a portion of the ground with earth, concrete, or other suitable materials to form an above-ground well. In yet further examples, a well can be formed in other suitable manners.

Without being bound by theory, the inventors have recognized that a dielectric coolant typically have small molecular sizes and thus can generally permeate through concrete and earth. As such, in order to at least reduce or avoid leaking the dielectric coolant from the well through concrete or earth, several embodiments of the disclosed technology are directed to lining the well with the insulating liner that is non-permeable to the dielectric coolant. In one embodiment, the insulating liner can include a single insulating layer of high-density polypropylene (HDPP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or other suitable types of non-permeable polymeric material.

In other embodiments, the insulating liner can also include multiple layers arranged in a stack, interweaving, or other suitable manners. For example, the insulating liner can include an insulating layer (e.g., HDPP or HDPE) sandwiched between a protection layer facing the dielectric coolant and a sealing layer opposite the protection layer. The protection layer can include one or more protection materials configured to protect the insulating layer from perforation, scraping, or other suitable types of mechanical damages caused by, for instance, contact with servers during installation or maintenance. Examples of suitable protection materials can include Nylon, Kevlar, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, silk, carbon fibers, or combinations of at least some of the foregoing protection materials. The sealing layer can include one or more sealing materials that are configured to automatically seal the insulating layer in case of a perforation is formed in the insulating layer. Examples of suitable sealing materials can include ballistic gelatins, multiple strata of rubber coating, or other suitable sealant that can automatically expand and/or contract to seal a perforation.

In further embodiments, the insulating liner can also include a perfusion layer configured to remove and thus allow detections of any leaked dielectric coolant through the insulating layer. For example, a perfusion layer can include a base having multiple ribs or other suitable types of protrusions extending from the base. Adjacent pairs of the multiple ribs can then form multiple channels in fluid communication with a vacuum source. As such, when the perfusion layer is positioned behind and/or attached to the insulating layer, with or without intermediate layer(s), any leaked dielectric coolant can be removed from behind the insulating layer. By monitoring output from the perfusion layer, leak detection of the dielectric coolant from the well can be achieved using color changing paints, sensors, or other suitable detectors. In other examples, the perfusion layer can also include a top opposite the base such that the multiple ribs extend between the top and the base. In further examples, the perfusion layer can be a built-in layer at the insulating layer, sealing layer, or other suitable layers of the insulating liner.

In certain implementations, the insulating liner can be formed via extrusion and fastened to an internal surface of the well with adhesives, mechanical fasteners, or other suitable fasteners. In other implementations, one or more of the protection, insulating, sealing, or other suitable types of layer may be sprayed on or otherwise formed directly on the internal surface of the well or a preceding layer of the insulating liner. In further implementations, the insulating liner can be formed via vacuum forming, friction welding, sonic welding, or other suitable techniques.

The immersion cooling enclosure can also include a lid, cover, top, or other suitable closure component (referred to herein as “lid” for brevity) that is configured to mate with and seal against the well using one or more O-rings, gaskets, or other suitable sealing devices. The lid can include various components that are configured to facilitate immersion cooling operations in the well. For example, the lid can include a condenser (e.g., a cooling coil) configured to condense a dielectric vapor in a vapor space in the well. The lid can also include suitable conduits, pipes, tubings, etc. to provide a cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water) to the condenser and power/signal to the servers. In other examples, the lid can also include pressure sensors, temperature sensors, sight glasses, or other suitable components configured to facility monitoring, controlling, or other suitable operations of the immersion cooling enclosure.

In further examples, the lid can also include a filter layer that is permeable by air but not the dielectric vapor. An example material suitable for the filter layer includes activated carbon. The filter layer can be position between a vapor space in the well and a vapor outlet to the external environment. As such, air may be withdrawn/introduced from/to the vapor space of the well to control pressure in the well without losing a large amount of dielectric vapor. The withdrawn air can also be further condensed to recover any dielectric coolant still present and return to a collection reservoir and/or the well via, for instance, a circulation pump. In yet further examples, multiple filter layers and/or condensers may be arranged in sequence, interleaved, or other suitable manners between the vapor space and the vapor outlet.

During installation, a rack or other suitable types of supporting device can be placed inside the well. The rack can also include a protection layer at surfaces that contact or come near the well. One or more servers can be placed in the rack. The well is then covered with the lid and sealed. The dielectric coolant is then introduced into the well to fully submerge the servers carried on the rack. During operation, CPUs, GPUs, and other suitable components on the servers can produce heat. The dielectric coolant can absorb the produced heat via boiling by undergoing a phase change to form a dielectric vapor. The dielectric vapor rises in the well to be in contact with the condenser at or attached to the lid. The cooling fluid circulating in the condenser then removes heat from the dielectric vapor and condenses the dielectric vapor into liquid form. The condensed dielectric vapor is then returned to the well via gravity or pump.

Several embodiments of the disclosed immersion cooling enclosure can have lower capital costs and manufacturing complexity than welding stainless steel plates. Unlike in welded tanks, sealing of the immersion cooling enclosure in accordance with the disclosed technology does not rely on welds between stainless steel plates. Instead, sealing is achieved via the insulating liner. Because the insulating liner is not a structural member, engineering and constructing the immersion cooling enclosure can be much simplified than welded stainless steel tanks. As such, costs of engineering, manufacturing, construction, and other suitable types of capital costs can be significantly lowered when compared to using welded stainless-steel tanks as immersion cooling enclosures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain embodiments of computing facilities, systems, devices, components, modules, and processes for immersion cooling enclosures of an insulated-well design are described below. In the following description, specific details of components are included to provide a thorough understanding of certain embodiments of the disclosed technology. A person skilled in the relevant art can also understand that the disclosed technology may have additional embodiments or may be practiced without several of the details of the embodiments described below with reference toFIGS. 1-4.

As used herein, the term an “immersion server enclosure” generally refers to a housing configured to accommodate a server, server, or other suitable types of computing device submerged in a dielectric coolant inside the housing during operation of the server. A “dielectric coolant” generally refers to a liquid that is thermally conductive but dielectric. Example dielectrics coolants can include mineral-oils or synthetic chemicals. Such a dielectric coolant can have a dielectric constant that is generally like that of ambient air (e.g., within 100%). For example, a dielectric coolant provided by 3M (Electronic Liquid FC-3284) has a dielectric constant of 1.86 while that of ambient air at 25° C. is about 1.0. In certain implementations, a dielectric coolant can have a boiling point low enough to absorb heat through a phase change from operating electronic components (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, etc.). For instance, Electronic Liquid FC-3284 provided by 3M has a boiling point of 50° C. at 1 atmosphere pressure.

Immersion cooling of servers can have many advantages when compared to air cooling. For example, immersion cooling can be more thermodynamically efficient due to higher heat transfer coefficients. However, current designs of immersion cooling enclosures may not be suitable for fast and cost-effective deployment. For example, one design for immersion cooling enclosures includes welding stainless steel plates into an elongated container or “tank.” Such a design for the immersion cooling enclosures, however, can have high engineering, manufacturing, and construction costs. For example, stainless steel plates can be expensive to acquire and costly to process. Welding stainless steel plates together requires special skills and is labor intensive. Also, once welded, the tank typically requires conformance testing, such as using helium, to determine whether any leak exists in the welds or pressure testing. Once tested, the tank is typically installed on a support structure t in a facility. As such, deploying immersion cooling enclosures with such as design can have long lead time and can be capital intensive.

Several embodiments of the disclosed technology can address at least some of the drawbacks of the welded stainless-steel design by implementing an insulated-well design for an immersion cooling enclosure. In certain embodiments, the immersion cooling enclosure can include a well formed in concrete, earth, bricks, or other suitable types of a substrate material and lined with an insulating liner. The insulating liner can include an insulating layer that is configured to prevent the dielectric coolant from permeating through the insulating layer and leak from the immersion cooling enclosure. Example materials suitable for the insulating layer can include high-density polypropylene (HDPP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or other suitable types of non-permeable polymeric material. Thus, the insulating liner can be used to prevent loss of the dielectric coolant from the immersion cooling enclosure without being a structural member of the well. As such, capital costs for deploying immersion cooling enclosures can be reduced when compared to using welded stainless-steel tanks as immersion cooling enclosures, as described in more detail below with reference toFIGS. 1-4.

FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of a computing facility100having an immersion cooling enclosure106of an insulated-well design that is configured in accordance with embodiments of the disclosed technology. As shown inFIG. 1, the computing facility100can include an immersion cooling enclosure102in which a rack101carrying multiple servers or servers (referred to herein as “servers103” for brevity) are installed. Each of the servers103can include one or more heat producing components105, such as CPUs, GPUs, etc. The computing facility100can also include a circulation pump114and a cooling tower116operatively coupled to the immersion cooling enclosure via an inlet manifold112aand an outlet manifold112b. Even though only one immersion cooling enclosure102is shown inFIG. 1for illustration purposes, in other embodiments, the computing facility100can include multiple immersion cooling enclosures102(not shown) arranged in parallel and coupled to the same inlet and outlet manifolds112aand112b, and/or other suitable components.

The circulation pump114can be configured to receive a cooling fluid from the immersion cooling enclosure102via the outlet manifold112band forward the received cooling fluid to the cooling tower116. The cooling tower116can then remove heat from the cooling fluid and provide the cooling fluid to the immersion cooling enclosure102via the inlet manifold112a. The circulation pump114can include a centrifugal pump, a piston pump, or other suitable types of pump. Though particular configuration for cooling fluid circulation and cooling is shown inFIG. 1, in other embodiments, the computing facility100can also include additional and/or different components. For example, the computing facility100can include a chiller, one or more heat exchangers (not shown), and/or other suitable mechanical components.

As shown inFIG. 1, the immersion cooling enclosure102can include a well104formed in a substrate material (e.g., concrete or earth). The formed well102can include an internal surface formed by a first surface104aat a first elevation, a second surface104bat a second elevation lower than the first elevation, and side surfaces104cextending between the first and second surfaces104aand104b. In the illustrated example inFIG. 1, the side surfaces104cextend generally perpendicularly between the first and second surfaces104aand104b. In other examples, one or more of the side surfaces104ccan be canted related to the first and/or second surfaces104aand104b.

In one implementation, the well104can be formed by excavating a portion of the ground (e.g., earth) in the computing facility100to form a rectilinear shape and a suitable size and then pouring concrete to line the excavated portion of the ground to form a concrete well104. In other implementations, the well104can be formed by placing one or more pre-fabricated concrete blocks on the ground in the computing facility100to form a rectilinear well. In further examples, the well104can be formed by surrounding a portion of the ground with earth, concrete, or other suitable materials to form an above-ground well. In yet further examples, the well104can be formed in other suitable manners.

An insulating liner106can be in contact with and suitably attached to the internal surface of the well104via adhesives, mechanical fasteners, or other suitable means. The insulating liner106can include at least an insulating layer126(shown inFIG. 2A) that is non-permeable to a dielectric coolant120and thus prevent or at least reduce a rate of the dielectric coolant120leaking through the substrate material of the well104. Without being bound by theory, the inventors have recognized that the dielectric coolant120typically have small molecular sizes and thus can generally permeate through concrete and earth. As such, in order to at least reduce or avoid leaking the dielectric coolant120from the well104through concrete or earth, several embodiments of the disclosed technology are directed to lining the well104with the insulating liner106that is non-permeable to the dielectric coolant120. In one embodiment, the insulating liner106can include a single insulating layer126of high-density polypropylene (HDPP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or other suitable types of non-permeable polymeric material. In other embodiments, the insulating liner106can also include multiple layers arranged in a stack, interweaving, or other suitable manners. In further embodiments, one or more of the layers in the insulating liner106can also include one or more fluid channels136(shown inFIG. 2B) that are configured to trap and/or capture any dielectric coolant120escaping from the well104. Examples of such multi-layered insulating liner106are described in more detail below with reference toFIGS. 2A-2C.

The immersion cooling enclosure102can also include a lid108that is configured to mate with and seal against the well104using one or more O-rings, gaskets, or other suitable sealing devices (not shown). For example, as shown inFIG. 1, the lid108can include a plate-like structure in contact with and fastened to the first surface104aof the well104. As such, the lid108, the second surface104bof the well104, and the side surfaces104cof the well104enclose an internal space configured to contain the dielectric coolant120. In the illustrated example, the internal space includes a liquid space122aand a vapor space122b. In other examples, the internal space can be substantially filled with the dielectric coolant120with little or no vapor space122b.

In certain embodiments, the lid108can be constructed from concrete, a metal/metal alloy as a substrate that carries various components that are configured to facilitate immersion cooling operations in the well104. For example, the lid108can include a condenser110(e.g., a cooling coil) in thermal communication with the vapor space122band configured to condense a vapor of the dielectric coolant120in the vapor space122in the well104. In the illustrated embodiment, the condenser110is shown as being attached to a side of the lid108facing the well104. In other embodiments, the condenser110can also be embedded into the lid108or having other suitable configurations. The lid108can also include suitable conduits, pipes, tubings, etc. to provide a cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water) to the condenser110and power/signal to the servers103. In other embodiments, the lid108can also include pressure sensors, temperature sensors, sight glasses, or other suitable components (not shown) configured to facility monitoring, controlling, or other suitable operations of the immersion cooling enclosure102.

In operation, heat producing components105of the servers103in the immersion cooling enclosure102can consume power from a power source (not shown, e.g., an electrical grid) to execute suitable instructions to provide desired computing services. The dielectric coolant120can absorb the heat produced by the components105during operation and eject the absorb heat into the cooling fluid flowing through the condenser110. In certain embodiments, the dielectric coolant120absorbs the heat produced by the servers103via a phase transition, i.e., evaporating a portion of the dielectric coolant120into a vapor and evaporate into the vapor space122. The evaporated vapor can then be condensed by the cooling fluid flowing through the condenser110via the inlet manifold112ainto a liquid and return to the well104via gravity (as illustrated by the dashed arrow) or pump. In other embodiments, the dielectric coolant110can absorb the heat without a phase change. The circulation pump114then forwards the heated cooling fluid from the outlet manifold112bto the cooling tower116for discarding the heat to a heat sink (e.g., the atmosphere). The cooling fluid is then circulated back to the immersion cooling enclosure102via the inlet manifold112a.

Several embodiments of the immersion cooling enclosure102can thus have lower capital costs and manufacturing complexity than welding stainless steel plates. Unlike in welded tanks, sealing of the immersion cooling enclosure102in accordance with the disclosed technology does not rely on welds between stainless steel plates. Instead, sealing is achieved via the insulating liner106. Because the insulating liner106is not a structural member, engineering and constructing the immersion cooling enclosure can be much simplified than welded stainless steel tanks. As such, costs of engineering, manufacturing, construction, and other suitable types of capital costs of the immersion cooling enclosure102can be significantly lowered when compared to using welded stainless-steel tanks as immersion cooling enclosures.

FIGS. 2A-2Care schematic cross-sectional views of an insulating liner106suitable for the immersion cooling enclosure102inFIG. 1in accordance with embodiments of the disclosed technology. As shown inFIG. 2A, an example insulating liner106can include a protection layer124at a first side106ain contact with the dielectric coolant120, an insulating layer126, a sealing layer128, and a perfusion layer130at a second side106bin contact with substrate material at the internal surface of the well104arranged in a stacked formation. In certain embodiments, the various layers shown inFIG. 2Acan be formed via extrusion. In other embodiments, the various layers can be sprayed on or otherwise formed directly on the internal surface104aof the well104or a preceding layer of the insulating liner106. Even though particular layers and arrangements of the layers are illustrated inFIGS. 2A-2C, in some embodiments, one or more of the protection layer124, sealing layer128, or perfusion layer130may be omitted.

The protection layer can be configured to at least reduce an impact of physical damage, such as punctures scraping, or other suitable types of mechanical damages, to the insulating layer126. For example, the protection layer124can include one or more protection materials configured to protect the insulating layer126from perforation, caused by, for instance, contact with servers103and/or the rack101(FIG. 1) during installation or maintenance. Examples of suitable protection materials can include Nylon, Kevlar, Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, silk, carbon fibers, or combinations of at least some of the foregoing protection materials.

The sealing layer128can include one or more sealing materials that are configured to automatically seal the insulating layer126in case of a perforation is formed in the insulating layer126. Examples of suitable sealing materials can include ballistic gelatins, multiple strata of rubber coating, or other suitable sealant that can automatically expand and/or contract to seal a perforation. Though the sealing layer128is shown being between the insulating layer126and the perfusion layer130inFIG. 2A, in other embodiments, the sealing layer128can also be spaced apart from the insulating layer126by, for instance, an intermediate layer (not shown). In further embodiments, the sealing layer128may have other suitable configurations or being omitted from the insulating liner106.

The perfusion layer130can be configured to remove and thus allow detections of any leaked dielectric coolant120through the insulating layer126(as illustrated with the dashed arrow). For example, as shown inFIGS. 2B and 2C, the perfusion layer130can include a base132having multiple ribs or other suitable types of protrusions (referred to herein as “ribs134” for simplicity) extending from the base. Adjacent pairs of the multiple ribs134can then form multiple channels136(four are shown inFIG. 2Cfor illustration purposes) in fluid communication with a vacuum source (not shown). As such, when the perfusion layer130is positioned behind and/or attached to the insulating layer126(shown inFIG. 2A), with or without intermediate layer(s), any leaked dielectric coolant120can be removed from behind the insulating layer126. By monitoring output from the perfusion layer130, leak detection of the dielectric coolant120from the well104can be achieved using color changing paints, sensors, or other suitable detectors. In other examples, the perfusion layer130can also include a top (not shown) opposite the base132such that the multiple ribs134extend between the top and the base132. In further examples, the perfusion layer130can be a built-in layer at the insulating layer126, sealing layer128, or other suitable layers of the insulating liner106.

FIG. 3is schematic cross-sectional view of a lid108suitable for the immersion cooling enclosure102inFIG. 1in accordance with additional embodiments of the disclosed technology. As shown inFIG. 3, the lid108can include a top portion108aopposite a bottom portion108bpartially enclosing a portion of the vapor space122in the well104. The lid108can also include one or more filter layers140extending between the top portion108aand the bottom portion108bin the vapor space122. An example material suitable for the filter layer includes activated carbon. In the illustrated example, the lid108includes first and second filter layers140and140′ arranged in sequence. The first filter layer140is positioned in the vapor space122while the second filter layer140′ is positioned at a vapor outlet108cof the lid108. A secondary condenser110′ is positioned between the first and second filter layers140and140′. In other examples, the lid108can include one, three, four, or any suitable numbers of filter layers140with or without intermediate secondary condensers110′.

As shown inFIG. 3, during operation, the dielectric coolant120can at least partially boil and escape into the vapor space122of the well104as a vapor of the dielectric coolant120(as illustrated with the arrow150a). The vapor then contacts the condenser110(as illustrated by the arrow150b). The cooling fluid (not shown) flowing through the condenser110can then remove heat from the vapor and condenses the vapor into a liquid, which then returns to the well104via gravity (as illustrated by the arrow150c) or pump.

During the foregoing operation, air containing the vapor of the dielectric coolant120can contact the filter layer140. The filter layer140can then allow air to pass through the filter layer140without allowing or at least reducing permeability of the vapor of the dielectric coolant120through the filter layer140. The air with at least a reduced amount of the vapor of the dielectric coolant120can then contact the secondary condenser110′, which condenses and returns to the well104any remaining dielectric coolant120in the air. The air then passes through the secondary condenser110′ and is withdrawn from the vapor space122of the well104via the second filter layer140′. As such, air may be withdrawn/introduced from/to the vapor space122of the well104to control pressure in the well104without losing a large amount of the dielectric coolant120. The withdrawn air can also be further condensed to recover any dielectric coolant120still present and return to a collection reservoir (not shown) and/or the well104via, for instance, a circulation pump (not shown). In yet further examples, multiple filter layers140and/or condensers110may be arranged in sequence, interleaved, or other suitable manners between the vapor space122and the vapor outlet108c.

FIG. 4is a flowchart illustrating an example process200of deploying an immersion cooling enclosure of the insulated-well design ofFIG. 1in accordance with embodiments of the disclosed technology. As shown inFIG. 4, the process200can include forming a well at stage202. Example techniques for forming the well are described above with reference toFIG. 1. The process200can then include installing an insulation liner in the formed well at stage204. As discussed in more detail above with reference toFIGS. 1-2C, the insulation liner can include at least one insulating layer that is configured to prevent a dielectric coolant from leaking through the formed well. The process200can then include loading servers and/or racks supporting the servers into the well at stage206. For example, a rack or other suitable types of supporting device can be placed inside the well and in contact with the insulation liner in the well. The rack can also include a protection layer at surfaces that contact or come in close proximity to the insulation liner. The process200can then include covering the well with a lid and sealing the well from outside and filling the well with the dielectric coolant to fully submerge the servers carried on the rack at stage208.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the disclosure. In addition, many of the elements of one embodiment may be combined with other embodiments in addition to or in lieu of the elements of the other embodiments. Accordingly, the technology is not limited except as by the appended claims.