Termination apparatus for electrical connectors

A termination apparatus for electrical connectors, which includes an improved apparatus for applying operating forces from an apparatus operator to rotatable insertion arms, is provided for use in inserting a plurality of insulated conductors into respective insulation piercing contact portions of an electrical connector. The disclosed apparatus includes a frame, a removable support structure for a connector, which aligns the insulated conductors adjacent respective insulation-piercing contact portions of the connector, a pair of oppositely disposed insertion tools that are rotatably mounted on the frame for movement toward and away from each other and that carry insertion tools for inserting the insulated conductors into the connector, and an assembly that more effectively applies and distributes operating forces to the insertion arms during a termination cycle. The disclosed assembly for applying and distributing operating forces includes a removable and independently positionable handle structure that is releasably secured to and imparts rotational motion to a rotatable camming shaft carried by the frame. A spiral groove is provided in the rotatably camming shaft which engages and defines a predetermined path of travel for camming rollers carried by each of the insertion arms.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to an apparatus for terminating a plurality of 
insulated conductors by engaging and pressing such conductors into 
respective insulation-piercing contact portions of an electrical 
connector, and more particularly to a more simplified, yet reliable, 
conductor termination apparatus that includes structure for reducing and 
more efficiently distributing the operating forces necessary to achieve 
satisfactory conductor insertion and termination into an electrical 
connector. 
Prior art termination tools generally include a frame or base structure, 
which carries a support assembly for an electrical connector, and a pair 
of oppositely disposed, rotatable insertion arms, each of which are 
designed to carry multi-blade conductor insertion tools that are used to 
engage and press free-ended insulated conductors into respective 
insulation-piercing contact portions of an electrical connector carried by 
the support structure. The operating force required to accomplish 
satisfactory conductor termination in such termination tools is generally 
quite high, and is most frequently applied, for example, by means of 
separate handles which are individually attached to each of the insertion 
arms, swing in a substantially horizontal plane, and engage and cam about 
a fulcrum means carried by the frame of the termination tool. As the 
handles, and therefore the insertion arms themselves, are brought together 
during operation of the termination apparatus, the handles first engage 
and then cam about the fulcrum means carried by the frame, and in this way 
cause the force applied to the handles by a tool operator to be rapidly 
translated into insertion and termination forces at the insertion arms. 
Although this manner of applying operating force from a termination tool 
operator to the insertion arms of the tool has proved satisfactory in most 
applications, some operators have experienced difficulties in applying 
sufficient force to the oppositely disposed handles to effect termination. 
This has resulted in large part, because the handles, like the insertion 
arms, are rotatable in a substantially horizontal plane, and thus require 
an operator to use his hands, arms and shoulders in an unnatural 
scissorslike motion to apply operating forces sufficient to cause 
termination. In addition, the handle structures of such prior art 
termination tools are permanently fixed in relatively awkward positions 
for efficient application of operating forces and cannot be adjusted or 
moved to more advantageous positions to suit the particular needs of a 
particular operator for any given termination application. 
It has also been found to be desirable in the operation of prior art 
termination tools to cause a slight but continuous downward pressure to be 
applied to the insertion arms of the termination tool during the 
termination operation to insure, among other things, that relatively close 
contact is maintained between the lower edge of multi-blade insertion 
tools, carried by the insertion arms, and the upper cutting edge of the 
electrical connector support assembly. In order to accomplish this desired 
application of downward pressure on the insertion arms, relatively complex 
spring-loaded assemblies, which are carried by the frame, are provided, in 
some instances, to exert the required downward pressure on the insertion 
arms, while, in other instances, the downward pressure is created by the 
combination of such spring mechanisms and a toggle-cam assembly, or by the 
engagement of a camming surface present on the insertion arms and a 
conical pin carried by the frame. In each instance, however, the structure 
used to achieve the required downward pressure on the insertion arms in 
the prior art termination tools undesirably adds a measure of cost and 
additional complexity to the termination tool. 
As a consequence of these and various other difficulties which have been 
experienced with various prior art termination tools, a need has developed 
for a more simplified, yet reliable, termination apparatus that more 
readily permits the application of operating forces adequate to effect 
satisfactory conductor insertion and termination in an electrical 
connector, while at the same time, permitting the application of 
sufficient downward pressure on the insertion arms, without the use of 
complex components, to insure close contact during termination between the 
multi-blade insertion tools carried by the arms and the support assembly 
for the electrical connector. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
A primary object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a new, 
simplified, and improved termination apparatus for terminating a plurality 
of free-ended insulated conductors in respective insulation-piercing 
portions of an electrical connector. 
A more specific object of the invention is to provide a termination 
apparatus in which operating forces sufficient to accomplish satisfactory 
insertion and termination can more easily and efficiently be applied by 
operators of such apparatus. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a termination 
apparatus in which operating forces applied by an operator of such 
apparatus are distributed in such a way as to permit the uniform 
application of downward forces on the insertion arms of such apparatus 
sufficient to maintain close contact between the multi-blade insertion 
tools carried by the arms and the electrical connector support assembly. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a termination 
apparatus in which required operating force can be applied by an operator 
to a single handle, and in a flexible manner most suited for his 
particular needs by adjusting, where necessary, both the operating 
position of the handle and the angle at which operating force is applied. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a termination 
apparatus which includes an electrical connector support assembly that is 
releasably engageable with the frame of such termination apparatus so that 
one or more connectors can be dressed accordingly to a wiring schedule at 
a point remote from the termination apparatus, checked for errors in 
dressing and then terminated at a later time. 
According to the present invention, a more simplified, yet reliable, 
termination apparatus is provided for efficiently terminating a series of 
insulated electrical conductors in respective insulation-piercing contact 
portions of an electrical connector. Operating forces applied by a 
termination apparatus operator are translated, through a rotatable camming 
assembly and cooperating camming rollers that are mounted on a pair of 
insertion arms, into separate vertical cutting and horizontal insertion 
force components that cause a more efficient cutting and insertion of the 
insulated conductors into respective insulation-piercing contact portions 
of the connector. A removable and independently positionable handle 
assembly is provided to apply operating force from the termination 
apparatus operator to the rotatable camming assembly. Since the handle 
assembly is independently positionable, the manner and angle at which 
operating force is applied to the rotatable camming assembly can be 
adjusted depending upon the operator's needs and the particular 
termination conditions and application involved. 
The rotatable camming assembly includes a rotatable camming shaft that is 
mounted on the termination apparatus frame and has a spiral recess that 
cooperatively engages and defines a path of travel for a pair of cam 
rollers carried on the ends of each of swingable insertion arms. 
Operating forces that are applied to the rotatable camming shaft by the 
multi-positionable handle assembly are translated by the cooperative 
action of the rotatable camming shaft and cam rollers into vertical force 
components sufficient to maintain a desired close contact and high cutting 
efficiency between insertion tools carried by the insertion arms and the 
cutting edges of a connector support assembly, and into horizontal force 
components sufficient to insure complete and satisfactory insertion of the 
insulated conductors into an electrical connector. The handle assembly is 
preferably constructed to provide a positive indication to an operator 
that a sufficient operating force has been applied to the insertion arms 
to effect complete and satisfactory insertion of the insulated conductors 
into the electrical connector.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
One embodiment of the terminating apparatus of the present invention, as 
generally illustrated at 10 in FIG. 1, comprises a frame structure 12, 
which carries an electrical connector support and conductor alignment 
mechanism 14, which is designed to position and support an electrical 
connector 15, two pivotal insertion arms 16 and 18, which carry 
multi-blade insertion tools 22 and 24 that engage and press respective 
insulated conductors 25 into appropriate insulation-piercing contact 
portions of connector 15, and an operating force application assembly, 
shown generally at 30, that translates operating forces applied by an 
apparatus operator into insertion forces sufficient to insert and 
terminate a plurality of free-ended conductors 25 into respective 
insulation-piercing contact portions of an electrical connector 15. 
Frame 12, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, includes in the area of the 
connector support and conductor alignment mechanism 14, upstanding 
generally U-shaped rear wall portion 32, a base portion 34 and an 
upstanding forward wall portion 36, which together serve to support and 
position the connector support and conductor alignment mechanism 14 
longitudinally on the frame 12. The base portion 34, upon which the 
connector support and conductor alignment mechanism 14 rests, has 
oppositely disposed tapered side walls 38 which accommodate the angularly 
disposed and downwardly extending walls 40 and 42 of the connector support 
and conductor alignment mechanism 14 after it has been placed in position 
for the termination to commence. The upstanding generally U-shaped rear 
wall portion 32 of the frame includes a rear portion 44, upon which 
insertion arms 16 and 18 are rotatably mounted by means of pin 46, and two 
oppositely disposed side wall portions 48 and 50, which provide support 
for the insertion arms 16 and 18 as they are rotated into their operating 
positions. 
The upstanding forward wall portion 36 of the frame is provided with two 
spaced-apart rail portions 52 and 54 which are either secured at opposite 
sides of the forward wall portions 36 by means of fasteners 56, or are 
preferably formed as an integral part of the forward wall portion 36 
structure itself. The rail portions 52 and 54 serve as a support assembly 
for a rotatable camming member 58 whose opposite ends extend through and 
are journaled in bearings (not shown) formed in rail portions 52 and 54. 
Each of the terminal ends of the rotatable camming member 58 are 
hexagonally shaped, as indicated at 60, and are designed to be releasably 
engaged by at least one, and if necessary two, handles 62 which are used 
to impart operating force to the rotatable camming member. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the connector support and conductor alignment mechanism 
14 includes a base 64 from which the downwardly extending angular portions 
40 and 42 depend. The base 64 also carries a pair of generally upstanding 
comb elements 66 which extend above the upper surface of the base 64. Each 
of the upstanding comb elements includes a plurality of spaced comb teeth 
68 which define a series of separate conductor receiving slots 70 that are 
spaced in a manner corresponding to the spacing of the insulation-piercing 
contact portions of an electrical connector 15. The connector 15 is slid 
into the comb structure between comb elements 66, from the rear as shown 
in FIG. 1, so that its forward end rests against an integral end-stop (not 
shown) which extends outwardly from the inside surface of upwardly 
projecting base extension 72 and serves to restrict the movement of 
connector 15 and properly align the conductor receiving slots 70 of the 
comb elements with corresponding insulation-piercing contact portions of 
connector 15. 
As noted above, an electrical connector 15 is carried on the upper surface 
of base 64 and includes a forward end 74, a plurality of contact carrying 
slots 76 spaced in parallel rows on each side of the connector, and a 
longitudinal slot 78 that extends along the length of the connector and 
communicates with slots 76. 
The comb structure, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,952,392 
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,038,745 is desirably constructed as one-piece 
structure, and according to the present invention is preferably made 
either as an integral part of frame 12 or, as shown in the drawings, as a 
separate releasable member of the frame. Conductor receiving slots 70 of 
the comb elements 66 are adapted to receive individual conductors 25 of 
the cable 80 after such conductors have been dressed through the 
corresponding connector slots 78 of connector 15 in accordance with the 
color-coded wiring schedule indicia 82 that are physically imposed on 
angular portions 40 and 42. Each of the conductor receiving slots 70 in 
comb elements 66 are provided with a sharp cutting edge (not shown) at the 
rear upper portion of the slots directly adjacent the respective 
insulation-piercing contact portions of connector 15. These cutting edges 
are designed to cooperate with the lower edge of the multi-blade insertion 
tools 22 and 24 carried by insertion arms 16 and 18 respectively to sever 
the conductors immediately prior to insertion. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the downwardly extending angular portions 40 and 42 of 
the base 64 also carry slotted conductor holding combs 84 which extend 
longitudinally and secure respective ends of the insulated conductors 25 
after they have been dressed into connector slots 76 and the conductor 
receiving slots 70 of the individual comb elements 66. After cutting and 
termination take place, conductor holding combs 84 also serve as a means 
for holding and easily collecting waste ends of the insulated conductors 
25 as a bundle rather than as individual pieces. Although holding combs 84 
can be made as individual molded plastic units that are secured to walls 
40 and 42, coil springs or similar mechanisms can also be used in place of 
the holding combs to secure the conductors during termination. 
The base 64 of the connector support and conductor alignment mechanism 14 
includes a rear base extension 86 having an arcuate end 88 which is 
complementary to and fits within the opening 90 formed in the upstanding 
U-shaped portion 32 of the termination apparatus frame. The rear base 
extension 86 has a cable clamp 92 for receiving and holding a 
multi-conductor calbe 80, which can either be releasably secured to 
arcuate end 88 or formed as an integral molded part of end 88. Pin 94, 
which extends downwardly from the rear base extension 86 and is insertable 
in a recess (not shown) formed in the base portion 34 of the frame, is 
provided to orient and permit the easy removal of the connector support 
and conductor alignment mechanism 14 from frame 12. 
When it is desired to lock the connector support and conductor alignment 
mechanism 14 into its operating position on base 34, plunger 96, which is 
inwardly biased by means of a spring, is first outwardly extended as shown 
in FIG. 1. Then the connector support and conductor alignment mechanism is 
properly oriented on the base 34, after which plunger 96 is released into 
its inwardly biased position so that it can extend into the recess 98 
formed in forward base extension 72 and securely lock the connector 
support and conductor alignment on the base. In order to insure that the 
connector support and connector alignment mechanism is properly oriented 
on base 34, a second downwardly extending pin, similar to pin 94, can be 
provided at a second point on the lower surface of base 64, so that it, 
like pin 94, can also be placed into a complementary recess formed in base 
member 34, thereby positioning the connector support and conductor 
alignment mechanism 14 at two separate points on base 34. When it is 
desired to remove the connector support and conductor alignment mechanism 
14 from base 34, plunger 96 is merely extended outwardly as shown in FIG. 
1 until it clears base extension 72, and the entire mechanism is lifted 
away from base 34. 
Although it often is desirable to have a releasable connector support and 
conductor alignment mechanism so that more than one connector can be 
dressed at a point remote from the termination apparatus and then 
terminated at a later time, the connector support and conductor alignment 
mechanism 14 can be made as an integral non-removable part of frame 12. 
When the terminating apparatus is intended for use in terminating 
connectors in the field, rather than in a factory, for example, it is 
often more desirable from a cost and simplicity of parts standpoint to 
make the connector support and conductor alignment mechanism an integral 
part of the terminating apparatus frame. This can be accomplished, of 
course, merely by die casting the entire comb structure (with the 
exception of the slotted sections 68 and 70, which are preferably machined 
and mounted separated) as a single, integral part of frame 12. 
As noted above, the comb structure, like the frame 12 of the terminating 
apparatus of this invention, can be die cast or machined from solid metal, 
or, in some instances, can be molded from plastic materials, such as 
glass-filled thermoplastics. In addition, and although it is not 
preferred, the comb structure can, if desired, also be constructed from a 
plurality of individual members which are secured together by fasteners 
and the like to form a single unitary structure. It is desirable, of 
course, in nearly all instances that the cutting edges in the rear upper 
portion of slots 70 of the comb structure be fabricated from metal to 
insure efficient and effective cutting of the individual conductors. 
During termination of a plurality of insulated conductors with a 
termination apparatus, care should be taken to insure complete insertion 
of the insulated conductors into the insulationpiercing contact portions 
of an electrical connector because, if the insertion of one or more 
conductors is incomplete, the electrical connection obtained is 
unsatisfactory. At the same time, the application of excessive transverse 
insertion forces during termination could damage the electrical connector, 
and is equally undesirable. 
Moreover, if downward forces are not applied to the insertion arms 16 and 
18 sufficient to maintain close contact between the lower edge of 
insertion tools 22 and 24 and the upper cutting edges of the conductor 
receiving slots 70, the conductors are not cleanly and efficiently cut 
prior to insertion into the connector. At the same time, if excessive 
downward forces are applied to the insertion arms 16 and 18 during 
termination, the insertion tools 22 and 24 could damage the uppermost 
surfaces of the conductor receiving slots 70. 
As a consequence of these and various other considerations, care should be 
taken to insure that operating forces are applied and then distributed, as 
vertical and horizontal force components, in the most advantageous manner 
during the termination cycle. In the termination apparatus illustrated in 
FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, operating forces that are applied to handle 62 
are translated by the cooperative action of the rotatable camming member 
58 and cam rollers 100 and 102 into vertical force components sufficient 
to maintain the desired close contact and cutting efficiency between 
insertion tools 22 and 24 and the upper cutting edges of conductor 
receiving slots 70, and into horizontal force components sufficient to 
insure complete insertion of the insulated conductors into the electrical 
connector 15. Cam rollers 100 and 102 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6 are 
rotatably mounted on the ends of the insertion arms 16 and 18 by means of 
fasteners 104, and are adapted to be received in and to cooperate with the 
spiral grooves 106 formed in rotatable camming member 58. 
The insertion arms 16 and 18 include laterally extending recessed ends 108 
and 110, which are rotatably mounted to the rear portion 44 of the 
U-shaped rear wall 32 of the frame by means of pin 46. Each of the ends 
108 and 110 are desirably recessed by an amount approximately one-half the 
thickness of its respective insertion arm so that insertion arms 16 and 18 
can be made to rotate in a common plane. As shown in FIG. 3, the arms 16 
and 18 are rotated toward each other until cam rollers 100 and 102 are 
brought into cooperative engagement with and begin to move in the path 
defined by spiral recess or grooves 112 formed in the rotatable camming 
member 58. At this initial point of contact between grooves 112 and cam 
rollers 100 and 102, handle 62 is in its lowermost position. As the handle 
62 is rotated in a vertical plane, however, approximately 45.degree. to 
50.degree. from its lowermost position (FIGS. 1 and 3) until it is 
perpendicular to base 34 (FIG. 4), and then another 45.degree. until it is 
substantially parallel to base 34 (FIG. 5), operating forces applied to 
the handle 62 are translated into vertical cutting or severing forces and 
horizontal insertion forces on insertion arms 16 and 18 by the cooperative 
action of cam rollers 100 and 102 and the spiral grooves 112 of rotatable 
camming member 58. 
As can be seen, for example, from FIGS. 3-5, the spiral grooves 106 are 
essentially S-shaped so that a greater angular relationship between the 
axis of grooves 106 and the axis of cam rollers 100 and 102 exits during 
the initial (FIG. 3) and intermediate (FIG. 4) stages of the termination 
sequence than during the final stage (FIG. 5) of the termination sequence. 
During the initial and intermediate stages of the termination sequence 
(FIGS. 3 and 4), when conductors 25 are being cut by the cooperative 
action of insertion tools 22 and 24 and the upper cutting edges of the 
conductor receiving slots 70, the greater angular relationship results in 
a minimal horizontal force component and a vertical force component 
sufficient to maintain the desired close contact and effective cutting 
action between insertion tools 22 and 24 and the upper cutting edges of 
conductor receiving slots 70. During the final stage of the termination 
sequence (FIG. 5), however, when the conductors 25 are actually inserted 
into respective insulation-piercing contact portions of the electrical 
connector 15, the lesser angular relationship between the axis of grooves 
106 and cam rollers 100 and 102 results in a far greater horizontal force 
component being applied to the insertion arms 16 and 18 to insure complete 
and satisfactory insertion of conductors 25 into connector 15. Thus, by 
proper selection of an appropriate configuration for spiral grooves 106 a 
proper balance can be maintained between vertical force components 
sufficient to permit efficient cutting of the conductors, and horizontal 
force components sufficient to insure complete and satisfactory conductor 
insertion. 
In order to prevent the application of excessive force across the connector 
15 during the termination cycle, extended portions 114 and 116 are 
provided on the ends of insertion arms 16 and 18 respectively to act as 
stop walls to prevent further movement of the insertion arms after the 
termination cycle has been completed. In addition, a pair of T-shaped pins 
118, which extend above the upstanding forward wall portion 36 of frame 12 
and which cooperate with slotted sections 120 (FIG. 6) formed in the lower 
end of each of the insertion arms 16 and 18 as the arms swing together, 
are desirably provided to limit any excessive upward or downward movement 
of the insertion arms during the termination cycle. Since significant 
frictional forces can be generated as the cam rollers 100 and 102 move 
through the path defined by spiral grooves 112, the cam rollers can be 
replaced, for example, with needle bearings to reduce the frictional 
forces, and thus, to reduce the operating forces on handle 62 as well. 
In order to increase the versatility and adaptability of the termination 
apparatus to accommodate the particular needs of different operators, 
handle 62 is desirably designed to be removable from the hexagonally 
shaped shaft end 60 so that it can in effect act as a star-wrench and be 
positioned at varying angular points on shaft end 60. If the terminating 
apparatus is to be mounted on a work bench, for example, handle 62 can 
desirably be placed in a perpendicular relationship with the horizontal 
surface of the work bench just prior to termination to accommodate the 
most efficient application of operating force. If, on the other hand, an 
operator desires to use his or her body weight to assist in the 
application of operating force, handle 62 can be placed in a substantially 
parallel relationship with the work bench just prior to termination. Since 
handle 62 is removable, it can, in some cases, be placed in one position 
during a portion of the termination cycle, then removed and placed in a 
more advantageous position for the efficient application of operating 
force during another portion of the termination cycle. In addition, 
handles of differing lengths and structures can be used to apply operating 
force, and if desired, two handles can be placed on opposite sides of the 
rotatable camming member 58 to balance the manner in which operating force 
is applied to the termination apparatus. 
Handles 62 are preferably constructed to provide a positive indication to 
an operator that a sufficient insertion force has been applied to the 
insertion arms to effect complete termination so that an operator will 
discontinue the application of operating force immediately after complete 
insertion has taken place and will not continue to apply excessive 
operating forces that might damage the connector. One desirable way to 
accomplish the positive indication that complete termination has taken 
place is through the use of torque responsive handles of the general type 
described in co-pending application Ser. No. 580,577. Handle 62, as shown 
in FIGS. 1 and 2, includes a torque lever 122 having a pivot pin 124 which 
connects the lever to a hollow handle 126. A compression spring (not 
shown) housed within the hollow handle 126 urges a bearing pin against a 
roller bearing which is disposed between the bearing pin and the end of 
torque lever 122. As operating force is applied to handle 62 and torque 
lever 122 during its engagement with shaft end 60 and insertion force is 
applied to the insertion arms 16 and 18, torque lever 122 develops a 
moment about pivot pin 124. With the application of increased force, the 
moment about pivot pin 124 increases, and in turn, increases the force 
applied to the roller bearing and the compression spring. As the operating 
force increases to the point at which the spring begins to compress, the 
roller bearing is moved to a point at which the torque lever 122 swings 
rapidly in an opposite direction so that it strikes the inner wall of the 
hollow handle 126. The resultant impact of the torque lever striking the 
inner wall of the hollow handle 126 generates a mechanical vibration in 
the handle which is felt by the operator and an audible click which is 
heard by the operator, each of which provides an immediate and positive 
indication that termination is complete. 
By utilizing torque handles of the type described herein or in copending 
application Ser. No. 580,577, a predetermined insertion force can be 
applied to the insulated conductors, because a positive indication can be 
provided to the termination apparatus operator that adequate insertion 
forces have been applied to effect complete termination. 
As discussed herein, the termination apparatus can be mounted on a work 
bench for factory use or mounted in a carrying case (the base portion of 
which is shown at 128 of FIGS. 1 and 2) for use in terminating electrical 
conductors in the field. 
Although the present invention has been described by reference to 
particular embodiments thereof, it should be understood that various 
changes and modifications can be made to the particular embodiments 
described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the 
invention as set forth in the following claims.