Clamp device and processing machine

A clamp device includes: a tool spindle including a protrusion; an additive-manufacturing head having a recess into which the protrusion is inserted in a first direction, the additive-manufacturing head being detachably coupled to the tool spindle; and a clamp mechanism portion that clamps mutually the recess and the protrusion inserted into the recess. The additive-manufacturing head includes a pin member. A pin insertion hole into which the pin member is inserted in a second direction intersecting the first direction is made in the tool spindle.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a clamp device and a processing machine.

BACKGROUND ART

For example, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2016-215218 discloses an upper die holder including a holder body including an upper die support, a clamp member that includes a lower portion and is fastened to the holder body, and an upper die held between the upper die support and the lower portion by the clamp member. A fall prevention key is provided in the clamp member. A fall prevention groove into which the fall prevention key is inserted is provided in the upper die.

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Technical Problem

In the upper die holder disclosed in PTL 1 described above, an engagement structure of the fall prevention key with respect to the fall prevention groove is used to prevent the fall of the upper die. However, when clamping failure is generated in the clamp member, there is some possibility that the fall prevention key comes out of the fall prevention groove. In this case, falling of the upper die cannot be reliably prevented.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a clamp device capable of more reliably maintaining coupling between members when the clamping failure is generated, and a processing machine including the clamp device.

Solution to Problem

A clamp device according to the present invention includes: a first member including a protrusion; a second member having a recess into which the protrusion is inserted in a first direction, the second member being detachably coupled to the first member; and a clamp mechanism portion that mutually clamps the recess and the protrusion inserted into the recess. One member of the first member and the second member includes a pin member. A pin insertion hole into which the pin member is inserted in the second direction intersecting the first direction is made in the other member of the first member and the second member.

According to the clamp device configured as described above, the second direction that is the insertion direction of the pin member with respect to the pin insertion hole is the direction intersecting the first direction that is the insertion direction of the protrusion with respect to the recess, so that the pin member inserted into the pin insertion hole can be caused to function as a retainer even when clamping failure is generated in the clamp mechanism portion that mutually clamps the recess and the protrusion inserted into the recess. Thus, the protrusion can be prevented from coming out of the recess, and the coupling between the first member and the second member can be more reliably maintained.

Preferably, the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.

According to the clamp device configured as described above, the second direction that is the insertion direction of the pin member with respect to the pin insertion hole is the direction orthogonal to the first direction that is the insertion direction of the protrusion with respect to the recess, so that the pin member inserted into the pin insertion hole can function as the retainer.

Preferably, the first member includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion as the protrusions. A first recess into which the first protrusion is inserted and a second recess into which the second protrusion is inserted are provided as the recess in the second member. The pin member and the pin insertion hole are disposed on a straight line connecting the first protrusion and the first recess, and the second protrusion and the second recess.

According to the clamp device configured as described above, the pin member inserted into the pin insertion hole can more reliably prevent both the first protrusion from coming out of the first recess and prevent the second protrusion from coming out of the second recess.

Preferably, the one member includes a first mating surface extending along the first direction. The other member has a second mating surface that extends along the first direction and faces the first mating surface. The pin member is provided so as to be movable forward and backward between a first state in which the pin member is disposed on the back side of the first mating surface and a second state in which the pin member protrudes from the first mating surface. The pin insertion hole opens to the second mating surface.

According to the clamp device configured as described above, the protrusion is inserted into the recess while the pin member is set to in the first state, so that the first mating surface and the second mating surface face each other. At this point, the first mating surface and the second mating surface extend along the first direction that is the insertion direction of the protrusion with respect to the recess, so that the first mating surface and the second mating surface can be prevented from interfering with each other. When the pin member is operated from the first state to the second state while the first mating surface and the second mating surface face each other, so that the pin member can be inserted into the pin insertion hole.

Preferably, one of the first member and the second member is a tool spindle. The other of the first member and the second member is an additive-manufacturing head detachably attached to the tool spindle.

According to the clamp device configured as described above, even when the clamping failure is generated in the clamp mechanism portion, the coupling between the tool spindle and additive-manufacturing head can be more reliably maintained.

A processing machine according to the present invention includes the clamp device according to any one of the above.

According to the processing machine configured as described above, the processing machine including the clamp device capable of more reliably maintaining the coupling between the first member and the second member can be implemented.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

As described above, according to the present invention, the clamp device capable of more reliably maintaining the coupling between members when the clamping failure is generated and the processing machine including such the clamp device can be provided.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the same or corresponding member is denoted by the same reference numeral.

FIG.1is a front view illustrating a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. InFIG.1, an inside of the processing machine is illustrated by seeing through a cover body having an appearance of the processing machine.FIG.2is a perspective view illustrating attachment and detachment of a tool spindle and an additive-manufacturing head in the processing machine inFIG.1.

Referring toFIGS.1and2, a processing machine100is an AM/SM hybrid processing machine capable of performing additive manufacturing (AM) processing for a workpiece and subtractive manufacturing (SM) processing for a workpiece. Processing machine100has a turning function using a stationary tool and a milling function using a rotating tool as a function of SM processing.

Processing machine100is a numerically control (NC) processing machine in which various operations for workpiece processing are automated by numerical control of a computer.

In the present specification, an axis parallel to a left-right direction (width direction) of processing machine100and extending in a horizontal direction is referred to as a “Z-axis”, an axis parallel to a front-rear direction (depth direction) of processing machine100and extending in the horizontal direction is referred to as a “Y-axis”, and an axis extending in a vertical direction is referred to as an “X-axis”. A right direction inFIG.1is referred to as “+Z-axis direction”, and a left direction is referred to as “−Z-axis direction”. InFIG.1, a front direction of a paper surface is referred to as a “+Y-axis direction”, and a back direction is referred to as a “−Y-axis direction”. InFIG.1, an upward direction is referred to as a “+X-axis direction”, and a downward direction is referred to as a “−X-axis direction”. The X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis are three axes orthogonal to each other.

First, an overall structure of processing machine100will be described. Processing machine100includes a splash guard181. Splash guard181defines and forms a processing area110where the workpiece is processed.

Processing machine100further includes a bed151, a first workpiece spindle111, a second workpiece spindle116, and a tool rest (not illustrated).

Bed151is a base member supporting first workpiece spindle111, second workpiece spindle116, the tool rest, and the like, and is installed on a floor of a factory or the like.

First workpiece spindle111and second workpiece spindle116are disposed opposite to each other in the Z-axis direction. First workpiece spindle111and second workpiece spindle116are configured to be able to hold the workpiece. A chuck mechanism (not illustrated) detachably holding the workpiece is provided in first workpiece spindle111and second workpiece spindle116. First workpiece spindle111mainly rotates the held workpiece about a rotation axis501parallel to the Z-axis during turning of the workpiece using a fixed tool. Second workpiece spindle116mainly rotates the held workpiece about a rotation axis502parallel to the Z-axis during the turning of the workpiece using the fixed tool.

First workpiece spindle111is fixed to bed151. Second workpiece spindle116is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like. Second workpiece spindle116may be configured to be fixed to bed151. A tailstock supporting the rotation center of the workpiece held by first workpiece spindle111may be provided instead of second workpiece spindle116.

The tool rest (not illustrated) is provided in processing area110. The tool rest is configured to be able to hold a plurality of fixing tools for workpiece subtractive manufacturing (turning). The tool rest is supported by bed151with a saddle or the like (not illustrated) interposed therebetween. The tool rest is provided movably in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided in the saddle or the like. The tool rest may have a milling function for rotating the rotating tool.

Processing machine100further includes a first longitudinal frame152, a second longitudinal frame153, a first transverse frame154, and a second transverse frame311(seeFIG.3described later).

First longitudinal frame152and second longitudinal frame153have a columnar shape in which the X-axis direction (vertical direction) is a longer direction. First longitudinal frame152and second longitudinal frame153are provided apart from each other in the Z-axis direction. Lower ends of first longitudinal frame152and second longitudinal frame153are connected to bed151.

First transverse frame154and second transverse frame311have a beam shape in which the Z-axis direction (left-right direction) is the longer direction. First transverse frame154and second transverse frame311are made of a pipe member having a rectangular closed section.

First transverse frame154and second transverse frame311are provided apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. First transverse frame154is provided at a position shifted in the +Y-axis direction from second transverse frame311. Both ends of first transverse frame154in the Z-axis direction are connected to upper ends of first longitudinal frame152and second longitudinal frame153, respectively. Both ends of second transverse frame311in the Z-axis direction are connected to upper ends of first longitudinal frame152and second longitudinal frame153, respectively.

First longitudinal frame152, second longitudinal frame153, first transverse frame154, and second transverse frame311form a gate-shaped frame structure on bed151.

Processing machine100further includes a saddle161, a cross slide162, and a ram163.

Saddle161is supported by bed151. Saddle161is provided on bed151and between first longitudinal frame152and second longitudinal frame153in the Z-axis direction. Saddle161has a shape rising upward from bed151toward first transverse frame154and second transverse frame311. Saddle161is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on bed151and the like.

Cross slide162is supported by saddle161. Cross slide162has a flat plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane as a whole. Cross slide162is attached to a front surface of saddle161facing the +Y-axis direction. Cross slide162is provided to be movable in the X-axis direction (vertical direction) by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on saddle161and the like.

Ram163is supported by cross slide162. Ram163has a cylindrical shape extending along the Y-axis direction as a whole. Ram163is provided so as to penetrate cross slide162and to protrude into processing area110in the Y-axis direction. Ram163is provided movably in the Y-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on cross slide162and the like.

Processing machine100further includes a tool spindle121. Tool spindle121is provided in processing area110. Tool spindle121is configured to be able to hold the rotating tool for workpiece subtractive manufacturing (milling). Tool spindle121is provided with a clamp mechanism (not illustrated) detachably holding the rotating tool. Tool spindle121rotates the held rotating tool about a rotation axis503parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane during the milling of the workpiece using the rotating tool.

Tool spindle121is supported by ram163. Tool spindle121is connected to a tip of ram163in the +Y-axis direction. Tool spindle121is three-dimensionally movable in processing area110by the movement of saddle161in the Z-axis direction, the movement of cross slide162in the X-axis direction, and the movement of ram163in the Y-axis direction.

Tool spindle121is further provided so as to be turnable about a turning axis504parallel to the Y-axis (B-axis turning). A turning range of tool spindle121is preferably within a range greater than or equal to ±90° with respect to a reference posture (posture inFIGS.1and2) in which a spindle end face122of tool spindle121faces downward. As an example, the turning range of tool spindle121is a range of ±120° with respect to the reference posture.

Processing machine100further includes an automatic tool changer (ATC)141and a tool magazine171.

Tool magazine171accommodates a plurality of rotating tools T used for milling the workpiece. Tool magazine171is provided outside processing area110. Tool magazine171is provided on the opposite side of processing area110across first workpiece spindle111(first longitudinal frame152). First workpiece spindle111(first longitudinal frame152) is disposed between tool magazine171and processing area110in the Z-axis direction.

Automatic tool changer141is configured to be able to exchange tools between tool spindle121in processing area110and tool magazine171outside processing area110.

Automatic tool changer141is supported by first transverse frame154. Automatic tool changer141is movable in the Z-axis direction by various feed mechanisms, guide mechanisms, servomotors, and the like provided on first transverse frame154and the like.

More specifically, a rack156and a rail155are provided in first transverse frame154. Rack156and rail155extend in the Z-axis direction. The range in which rack156and rail155extend in the Z-axis direction includes the range of processing area110in the Z-axis direction. A pinion (not illustrated) that engages with rack156is provided in automatic tool changer141. A slider (not illustrated) slidable in the Z-axis direction while being engaged with rail155is provided in automatic tool changer141.

When the pinion receiving the rotation from the servo motor rotates in the forward direction or the reverse direction, automatic tool changer141moves in the +Z-axis direction or the −Z-axis direction. Automatic tool changer141is movable between the inside and the outside of processing area110.

Automatic tool changer141is movable between a standby position (position of automatic tool changer141inFIG.1) that is located outside processing area110and above first workpiece spindle111and at which automatic tool changer141waits, an internal-side tool changing position that is located inside processing area110and at an arbitrary coordinate in the Z-axis direction and at which automatic tool changer141performs tool change with tool spindle121, and a magazine-side tool changing position that is located outside processing area110and on an opposite side of the internal-side tool changing position with the standby position interposed therebetween and at which automatic tool changer141performs tool replacement with tool magazine171.

Automatic tool changer141includes a lifting arm143and a double arm144. Lifting arm143extends in an arm shape such that the X-axis direction (vertical direction) is the longer direction. Lifting arm143can lift and lower in the X-axis direction.

Double arm144extends in an arm shape, and includes gripping portions capable of gripping tools at both ends thereof. The double arm144is turnable about a turning axis505parallel to the Z-axis and is slidable in the axial direction of turning axis505. Automatic tool changer141performs tool replacement by lifting and lowering lifting arm143and turning and sliding double arm144at each of the internal-side tool changing position and the magazine-side tool changing position.

Processing machine100further includes additive-manufacturing head131. Additive-manufacturing head131performs additive manufacturing (directed energy deposition) by ejecting the material powder and irradiating the workpiece with laser beam. Metal powder such as stainless steel, Stellite, Inconel, or titanium can be used as the material powder. The material powder is not limited to the metal powder.

Additive-manufacturing head131includes a head body132and a laser tool133. The laser beam and the material powder are introduced into head body132. Laser tool133emits the laser beam toward the workpiece and determines an irradiation region of the laser beam on the workpiece. The material powder introduced into additive-manufacturing head131is discharged toward the workpiece through a nozzle (not illustrated).

Processing machine100includes a plurality of laser tools133. The plurality of laser tools133are different in the shape and/or a size of the irradiation region of the laser beam defined on the workpiece. Any one of the plurality of laser tools133is selectively mounted on head body132in accordance with a condition of the additive manufacturing to be executed.

Additive-manufacturing head131further includes a disk portion136. Disk portion136has a disk shape in which a thickness direction is the Y-axis direction. Disk portion136is connected to head body132. Disk portion136is provided at a position bent at a right angle from the front end portion of head body132in the +Y-axis direction. Tool spindle121includes a front surface portion124and a side surface portion123. Front surface portion124faces the +Y-axis direction. Side surface portion123faces the +Z-axis direction in the reference posture of tool spindle121.

Additive-manufacturing head131is detachably attached to tool spindle121. Additive-manufacturing head131is mounted on tool spindle121such that head body132is opposite to side surface portion123and such that disk portion136is opposite to front surface portion124.

Additive-manufacturing head131(disk portion136) and tool spindle121(front surface portion124) have a built-in clamp mechanism using spring force or the like. When additive-manufacturing head131is mounted on tool spindle121, the clamp mechanism operates to couple additive-manufacturing head131to tool spindle121. Additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121to be integrally movable with tool spindle121in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. The structure of the clamp mechanism that couples tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131will be described later in detail.

FIGS.3and4are perspective views illustrating a structure supplying the laser beam and the material powder to the additive-manufacturing head inFIG.1.

Referring toFIGS.1to4, processing machine100further includes a material powder supply device341, a laser oscillation device342, and a line body210.

Material powder supply device341and laser oscillation device342are installed outside processing area110. Material powder supply device341feeds the material powder used for the additive manufacturing toward additive-manufacturing head131. Laser oscillation device342oscillates the laser beam used for the additive manufacturing.

Line body210supplies the material powder from material powder supply device341to additive-manufacturing head131, and supplies the laser beam from laser oscillation device342to additive-manufacturing head131. Line body210extends from additive-manufacturing head131. Line body210is drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area110, and connected to material powder supply device341and laser oscillation device342.

Line body210has flexibility, and can be bent and deformed when receiving external force. Line body210includes an optical fiber guiding the laser beam, a pipe guiding the material powder, an air pipe serving as a flow path of air, a gas pipe serving as a flow path of an inert gas, a cooling pipe serving as a flow path of a refrigerant, electric wiring, and a flexible tube211accommodating these.

As a whole, slide cover351has a flat plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis plane. Slide cover351is disposed on the back side of processing area110(the end of processing area110in the −Y-axis direction). Ram163penetrates slide cover351from the outside of processing area110and enters processing area110in the Y-axis direction. Slide cover351is slidably deformable in accordance with the movement of ram163in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.

A line body insertion hole352is made in slide cover351. Line body insertion hole352is a through-hole penetrating slide cover351in the Y-axis direction. Line body210(flexible tube211) is inserted into line body insertion hole352from the inside of processing area110to be drawn out of processing area110.

processing machine100further includes a line body support221. Line body support221is provided outside processing area110. Line body support221supports line body210drawn from processing area110outside processing area110. Line body support221is provided above additive-manufacturing head131. Line body support221is supported by first transverse frame154and second transverse frame311.

Line body support221includes a base331, a pulley portion332, and a coil spring (elastic member)333.

Base331is provided on first transverse frame154and second transverse frame311. Base331is provided across first transverse frame154and second transverse frame311in top view. Line body210drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area110is routed on base331. Line body210routed on base331is inserted into cable bear (registered trademark) (not illustrated) that can stroke in the Z-axis direction, and then extends toward material powder supply device341and laser oscillation device342.

Pulley portion332is supported by base331. Pulley portion332is provided so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis526parallel to the X-axis direction (vertical direction) and to be slidable in the Y-axis direction.

One end of coil spring333is connected to pulley portion332. The other end of coil spring333is connected to base331with a bracket334interposed therebetween. Coil spring333applies elastic force in the −Y-axis direction to pulley portion332. Coil spring333applies the elastic force in the direction away from processing area110in top view to pulley portion332.

Flexible tube211is made of a flexible tube. Flexible tube211extends between the inside and the outside of processing area110. One end211pof flexible tube211is disposed inside processing area110. The other end211qof flexible tube211is disposed outside processing area110.

Flexible tube211drawn from the inside to the outside of processing area110extends in the −Y-axis direction on base331. Flexible tube211is wound around pulley portion332, is inverted by 180°, and extends in the +Y-axis direction. The other end211qof flexible tube211is fixed to base331at the tip of flexible tube211extending in the +Y-axis direction.

Pulley portion332and coil spring333constitute a tension applying mechanism335. Tension applying mechanism335applies tension in the direction away from additive-manufacturing head131in processing area110to line body210(flexible tube211). Tension applying mechanism335applies tensile force from the inside to the outside of processing area110to line body210(flexible tube211).

According to such the configuration, deflection of line body210in processing area110can be prevented. When pulley portion332slides in the Y-axis direction, the length of line body210in processing area111can be automatically adjusted in accordance with the position of additive-manufacturing head131.

The elastic member constituting tension applying mechanism335is not particularly limited, and for example, a gas spring may be used instead of coil spring333.

Processing machine100further includes a first guide mechanism370and a second guide mechanism360. First guide mechanism370and second guide mechanism360guide line body support221along the Z-axis direction. First guide mechanism370and second guide mechanism360are provided apart from each other in the Y-axis direction.

Line body support221further includes a block336. Block336is fixed to base331. Block336is opposite to first transverse frame154in the Y-axis direction.

First guide mechanism370includes rail155and a slider372. First guide mechanism370includes two sets of rails155and sliders372. Rail155is attached to first transverse frame154. Rail155extends in the Z-axis direction. Slider372is attached to block336. Slider372is engaged with rail155with a plurality of balls (not illustrated) interposed therebetween. Slider372and rail155constitute a linear guide mechanism in the Z-axis direction.

Second guide mechanism360is provided at a position away from first guide mechanism370in the −Y-axis direction. Second guide mechanism360includes a rail312. Rail312is attached to second transverse frame311. Rail312extends in the Z-axis direction. A pair of first rollers sandwiching rail312from both sides in the Y-axis direction and rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to the X-axis direction and a pair of second rollers sandwiching the rail312from both sides in the X-axis direction and rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to the Y-axis direction are attached to line body support221(base331).

Processing machine100further includes a first guide member320. First guide member320guides line body210(flexible tube211) between additive-manufacturing head131and line body support221. First guide member320is connected to additive-manufacturing head131so as to be able to revolve about a first revolving axis522parallel to the Z-axis. First guide member320is connected to line body support221so as to be able to revolve about a second revolving axis521parallel to the Z-axis.

First guide member320extends obliquely downward (+Y-axis direction and −X-axis direction) from line body support221toward a second guide member325described later. First guide member320is connected to second guide member325in first revolving axis522, and connected to base331in the second revolving axis521. When first guide member320revolves about first revolving axis522and second revolving axis521, an inclination of first guide member320changes.

The first guide member320includes a linear guide portion321and a plurality of cover bodies323.

Linear guide portion321extends linearly between first revolving axis522and second revolving axis521. Linear guide portion321is provided so as to support line body210(flexible tube211) fed from line body support221toward second guide member325from below. Linear guide portion321is provided as an expansion and contraction mechanism that expands and contracts such that the distance between first revolving axis522and second revolving axis521changes. Linear guide portion321has a multistage structure of a plurality of linear guides combined so as to be extendable in a direction from first revolving axis522toward second revolving axis521.

The plurality of cover bodies323are attached to linear guide portion321. The plurality of cover bodies323are arranged at intervals in the direction from first revolving axis522toward second revolving axis521. Cover body323is provided so as to cover flexible tube211supported by linear guide portion321from the outer periphery thereof. Flexible tube211is supported by first guide member320so as to be slidable along a guiding direction (a direction connecting first revolving axis522and second revolving axis521) by first guide member320.

According to such the configuration, when additive-manufacturing head131moves in the Y-axis-X-axis plane, first guide member320revolves about first revolving axis522and second revolving axis521, and linear guide portion321extends and contracts. Thus, a routing path of line body210(flexible tube211) between second guide member325and line body support221smoothly changes in accordance with the movement of additive-manufacturing head131, so that line body210(flexible tube211) can be smoothly drawn without applying an excessive load.

Processing machine100further includes second guide member325. Second guide member325is provided between additive-manufacturing head131and first guide member320on the path on which line body210is routed. Second guide member325guides line body210extending from additive-manufacturing head131along the circumferential direction of turning axis504.

Second guide member325revolves relative to tool spindle121about turning axis504so as to maintain the posture of second guide member325in the circumferential direction of turning axis504when tool spindle121turns.

Disk portion136is disposed between second guide member325and tool spindle121in the Y-axis direction (the axial direction of turning axis504). Second guide member325is supported by disk portion136in additive-manufacturing head131. Second guide member325is relatively revolvable about turning axis504with respect to disk portion136.

Second guide member325has an outer peripheral wall326. Outer peripheral wall326forms a wall shape extending along the circumferential direction of turning axis504.

An inner peripheral wall327is connected to disk portion136. Inner peripheral wall327forms a wall shape protruding in the +Y-axis direction from disk portion136and extending along the circumferential direction of turning axis504. Inner peripheral wall327is disposed on the inner peripheral side of outer peripheral wall326. A space extending in the circumferential direction of turning axis504is provided between inner peripheral wall327and outer peripheral wall326, and line body210(flexible tube211) is disposed in the space.

When tool spindle121turns, inner peripheral wall327turns about turning axis504together with disk portion136integrated with tool spindle121. On the other hand, because first guide member320is connected to second guide member325, second guide member325revolves relative to tool spindle121(disk portion136) about turning axis504so as to maintain the posture of second guide member325in the circumferential direction of turning axis504.

At this point, line body210(flexible tube211) slides in the circumferential direction of turning axis504in the space between inner peripheral wall327and outer peripheral wall326, whereby the relative positional relationship between one end211pof flexible tube211and head body132is maintained. Thus, the routing path of line body210around turning axis504is maintained, so that the application of the excessive load to line body210accompanying the B-axis turning of tool spindle121can be prevented.

Referring toFIG.4, processing machine100further includes a coupling mechanism380. Coupling mechanism380includes an air cylinder382and a block381.

Block381is attached to saddle161. A pin insertion hole (not illustrated) is made in block381. Air cylinder382is attached to line body support221. Air cylinder382includes a pin (not illustrated) movable forward and backward in the Y-axis direction. A state in which tool spindle121and line body support221are coupled to each other is obtained when the pins of air cylinder382is inserted into the pin insertion holes made in block381, and a state in which the coupling between tool spindle121and line body support221is released is obtained when the pins of air cylinder382is removed from the pin insertion holes made in block381.

During the additive manufacturing for the workpiece, tool spindle121and line body support221are coupled by coupling mechanism380, so that line body support221can be moved in the Z-axis direction integrally with tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131. During the subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece, when the coupling between tool spindle121and line body support221by coupling mechanism380is released, line body support221and additive-manufacturing head131can be separated from tool spindle121, and tool spindle121can be moved alone.

Line body support221is further configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction in a single state separated from tool spindle121(self-traveling mechanism).

More specifically, a rack156is provided in first transverse frame154. Rack156extends in the Z-axis direction. A servomotor222(not illustrated inFIGS.3and4, seeFIG.1) and a pinion (not illustrated) connected to an output axis of servomotor222and engaged with rack156are provided in line body support221. While the coupling between tool spindle121and line body support221by coupling mechanism380is released, the pinion receiving the rotation from servomotor222rotates in a forward direction or a reverse direction, so that line body support221moves in the +Z-axis direction or the −Z-axis direction.

FIGS.5to7are front views schematically illustrating a processing flow of the workpiece in the processing machine inFIG.1.

Referring toFIGS.5to7, processing machine100further includes a laser tool storage portion191and a head storage portion192. Laser tool storage portion191is configured to be able to store a plurality of laser tools133. Head storage portion192is configured to be able to store additive-manufacturing head131separated from tool spindle121during subtractive manufacturing for the workpiece.

Laser tool storage portion191and head storage portion192are provided outside processing area110. Laser tool storage portion191is provided between first workpiece spindle111and the standby position of automatic tool changer141in the X-axis direction (vertical direction). Head storage portion192is provided above second workpiece spindle116.

As illustrated inFIG.5, during the additive manufacturing for a workpiece W, additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121. When tool spindle121moves in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, additive-manufacturing head131also moves in processing area110integrally with tool spindle121. Thus, the processing position of the additive manufacturing by additive-manufacturing head131is three-dimensionally displaced. Furthermore, when tool spindle121turns about turning axis504, additive-manufacturing head131also turns about turning axis504integrally with tool spindle121. Thus, the direction of the additive manufacturing by additive-manufacturing head131(the irradiation direction of the laser beam with respect to the workpiece) can be freely changed.

When additive-manufacturing head131is moved to the position opposite to laser tool storage portion191in the Z-axis direction, laser tool133mounted on additive-manufacturing head131can be replaced with another laser tool133stored in the laser tool storage portion191.

As illustrated inFIG.6, when the subtractive manufacturing for workpiece W is performed subsequent to the additive manufacturing for workpiece W, the coupling between tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131is released, and the coupling between line body support221and saddle161is also released. Additive-manufacturing head131integrated with line body support221is moved from the inside of processing area110to head storage portion192outside processing area110by the self-traveling mechanism provided in line body support221.

On the other hand, tool spindle121from which additive-manufacturing head131is separated is turned by 90° about turning axis504from the reference posture. Automatic tool changer141is moved from the standby position to the internal-side tool changing position in processing area110. A tool Ta gripped by automatic tool changer141is mounted on tool spindle121by automatic tool changer141. When automatic tool changer141is moved from the internal-side tool changing position to the standby position, the mounting of the tool to tool spindle121is completed.

The internal-side tool changing position is appropriately set such that a movement amount of tool spindle121from the position of tool spindle121to the internal-side tool changing position at the start of tool change is shortened. The internal-side tool changing position set in this way may be selected from any coordinate in the Z-axis direction, or selected from a plurality of coordinate candidates in the Z-axis direction.

As illustrated inFIG.7, during the subtractive manufacturing for workpiece W, the workpiece is milled by tool Ta held by tool spindle121while additive-manufacturing head131is stored in head storage portion192.

During this time, automatic tool changer141is moved from the standby position to the magazine-side tool changing position, and tool Tb stored in tool magazine171at the magazine-side tool changing position is moved to automatic tool changer141. Automatic tool changer141holding tool Tb is moved from the magazine-side tool changing position to the standby position to prepare for the next tool change in tool spindle121.

A clamp device of the embodiment will be described in detail below. The clamp device of the embodiment is applied to the coupling of tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131.

FIG.8is a perspective view illustrating the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head in a non-coupling state. InFIG.8, illustration of first guide member320and second guide member325is omitted from additive-manufacturing head131inFIG.2.FIG.9is a perspective view illustrating the tool spindle in a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line IX inFIG.8.FIG.10is a perspective view illustrating the additive-manufacturing head in a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line X inFIG.8.

FIG.11is a perspective view illustrating the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head in a coupling state.FIG.11illustrates a section obtained by cutting a part of tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131along the X-Y plane.FIG.12is a sectional view illustrating the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head (clamp mechanism portion) in a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XII inFIG.11.FIG.13is a sectional view illustrating a state in which the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head inFIG.12are separated.FIG.14is a perspective view illustrating the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head in a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line XIV inFIG.11.

Referring toFIGS.8to14, the clamp device of the embodiment includes tool spindle121, additive-manufacturing head131, and a clamp mechanism portion871(seeFIGS.12and13).

As illustrated inFIGS.8and9, tool spindle121includes a protrusion811. Protrusion811is provided on front surface portion124. Protrusion811has a protruding shape protruding in the +Y-axis direction on front surface portion124. Protrusion811has the protruding shape protruding in the axial direction of turning axis504(seeFIGS.3and4) of tool spindle121.

Protrusion811has a columnar shape centered on a center axis910parallel to the Y-axis as a whole. A plurality of balls874are provided in protrusion811. Balls874are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of center axis910. Ball874is provided so as to be movable forward and backward in the radial direction of center axis910.

Tool spindle121has a plurality of protrusions811(811A,811B). Protrusion811A and protrusion811B are provided apart from each other on the X-axis-Z-axis plane.

As illustrated inFIGS.8and10, additive-manufacturing head131(disk portion136) includes an opposite plate831. Opposite plate831has a plate shape parallel to the X-axis-Z-axis planes. Opposite plate831is disposed opposite to front surface portion124of tool spindle121while additive-manufacturing head131is connected to tool spindle121.

A recess841is provided in additive-manufacturing head131(disk portion136). Recess841is recessed from the surface of opposite plate831on the side opposed to front surface portion124. Recess841is a through-hole penetrating opposite plate831in the Y-axis direction. Recess841may be configured by a bottomed hole. Recess841has a recessed shape capable of receiving protrusion811. Recess841forms a columnar opening centered on center axis915parallel to the Y-axis direction as a whole.

A plurality of recesses841(841A,841B) are provided in additive-manufacturing head131. Recess841A and recess841B are provided apart from each other on the X-axis-Z-axis plane. A pitch between recess841A and recess841B is equal to a pitch between protrusion811A and protrusion811B.

As illustrated inFIGS.8and12, protrusion811is inserted into recess841while additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121. Protrusion811A and protrusion811B are inserted into recess841A and recess841B, respectively. An insertion direction of protrusion811with respect to recess841is the Y-axis direction. Center axis910of protrusion811and center axis915of recess841overlap each other while additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121.

As illustrated inFIGS.12and13, clamp mechanism portion871is configured to clamp recess841(841A,841B) and protrusion811(811A,811B) inserted into recess841(841A,841B) to each other.

Clamp mechanism portion871includes a piston875, a housing872, a disc spring876, and a plurality of balls874. Piston875, housing872, disc spring876, and the plurality of balls874are provided in tool spindle121.

Piston875has a shaft shape extending around center axis910. Piston875is slidable in the axial direction of center axis910. Housing872has a tubular shape centered on center axis910and is fitted on an outer periphery of piston875. Housing872has the protruding shape constituting protrusion811.

A plurality of ball insertion holes873are made in housing872. The plurality of ball insertion holes873are made at intervals in the circumferential direction of center axis910. A plurality of balls874are arranged in each of the plurality of ball insertion holes873, respectively. A recessed portion878is provided in piston875. Recessed portion878has a shape recessed radially inward of center axis910from the outer peripheral surface of piston875. Recessed portion878is provided at a position opposite to ball insertion hole873in the radial direction of center axis910.

Disc spring876is disposed between piston875and housing872in the axial direction of center axis910. Disc spring876applies elastic force in the +Y-axis direction to housing872. An oil pressure chamber877is provided at a position adjacent to piston875in the −Y-axis direction.

Clamp mechanism portion871further includes a protrusion879. Protrusion879is provided in additive-manufacturing head131(disk portion136). Protrusion879has a protrusion shape protruding toward the inside in the radial direction of center axis915in recess841.

As illustrated inFIG.13, when oil pressure is supplied to oil pressure chamber877, piston875slides in the +Y-axis direction against the elastic force of disc spring876. At this point, when the positions of recessed portion878and ball insertion hole873coincide with each other in the axial direction of center axis910, ball874falls into recessed portion878. Thus, ball874retracts toward the radial inside of center axis910to obtain the state in which protrusion811can be inserted into and removed from recess841.

As illustrated inFIG.12, when oil pressure supply to oil pressure chamber877is stopped while protrusion811is inserted into recess841, piston875slides in the −Y-axis direction by the elastic force of disc spring876. At this point, as the positions of recessed portion878and ball insertion hole873are shifted in the axial direction of center axis910, ball874is pushed by a wall surface of recessed portion878. Thus, ball874is pushed outward in the radial direction of center axis910, and protrusion879is locked by ball874. As a result, the state in which recess841and protrusion811inserted into recess841are clamped to each other is obtained.

The structure of the clamp mechanism portion is not particularly limited as long as the recess and the protrusion inserted into the recess can be clamped to each other.

As illustrated inFIGS.8,10, and14, additive-manufacturing head131further includes a pin member861, a guide block862, a coupling plate853, a coupling pin854, and an air cylinder852.

Pin member861is disposed on the opposite side of tool spindle121across the opposite plate831in the Y-axis direction. Pin member861has a pin shape extending around a center axis920. Center axis920extends in a direction intersecting an insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. Center axis920extends in a direction orthogonal to the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. Center axis920extends in the X-axis direction in a reference posture of tool spindle121inFIGS.10and14.

Guide block862is attached to opposite plate831. A guide hole863is made in guide block862. Guide hole863is a through-hole penetrating guide block862. Guide hole863penetrates guide block862in the X-axis direction in the reference posture of tool spindle121inFIGS.10and14. Pin member861is inserted into guide hole863. Guide block862supports pin member861so as to be slidable along the axial direction of center axis920.

Air cylinder852includes a piston rod856. Piston rod856is provided at a position shifted in the axial direction of center axis920and the direction orthogonal to center axis920(Y-axis direction) from center axis920on which pin member861extends. When air is supplied to air cylinder852, piston rod856can move forward and backward in the axial direction of center axis920(the X-axis direction in reference posture of tool spindle121).

Coupling pin854has a pin shape extending in the axial direction of center axis920. Coupling pin854is connected to pin member861. Coupling plate853has a plate shape extending in the direction (Y-axis direction) orthogonal to center axis920, and is connected to coupling pin854and piston rod856at both ends of coupling plate853, respectively.

Piston rod856is connected to pin member861through coupling plate853and coupling pin854. As piston rod856in air cylinder852moves forward and backward, pin member861can move forward and backward in the axial direction of center axis920. Pin member861is movable forward and backward in the X-axis direction in the reference posture of tool spindle121inFIGS.10and14.

As illustrated inFIG.10, additive-manufacturing head131(guide block862) includes a first mating surface866. First mating surface866extends along the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. First mating surface866is parallel to the Y-axis-Z-axis plane in the reference posture of tool spindle121inFIG.10. Guide hole863is open to first mating surface866.

Pin member861is movable forward and backward between a first state (a state indicated by a pin member861jinFIG.10) in which pin member861is disposed on the back side of first mating surface866and a second state (a state indicated by a pin member861kinFIG.10) in which pin member861protrudes from first mating surface866.

An opening832is provided in opposite plate831. Opening832is a through-hole penetrating opposite plate831in the Y-axis direction. Pin member861in the second state (the state indicated by pin member861kinFIG.10) is opposite to the opening surface formed by opening832in the Y-axis direction. Pin member861in the first state (the state indicated by pin member861jinFIG.10) is retracted from the position opposite to the opening surface formed by opening832in the Y-axis direction.

An actuator moving pin member861forward and backward is not limited to air cylinder852described above, but for example, may be an oil pressure cylinder or an electric actuator.

As illustrated inFIGS.8,9,11, and14, tool spindle121further includes a block821. Block821is attached to front surface portion124. Block821has the protruding shape protruding in the +Y-axis direction on front surface portion124. The protruding height of block821in the Y-axis direction is larger than the protruding height of protrusion811in the Y-axis direction. The protruding height of block821in the Y-axis direction may be less than or equal to the protruding height of protrusion811in the Y-axis direction.

Block821is inserted into opening832while additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121. The insertion direction of block821with respect to opening832is parallel to the insertion direction of protrusion811with respect to recess841. The insertion direction of block821with respect to opening832is the Y-axis direction.

A pin insertion hole823is made in tool spindle121(block821). Pin insertion hole823has a hole shape capable of receiving pin member861. Pin insertion hole823has the hole shape extending around center axis925. Center axis925extends in the X-axis direction in the reference posture of tool spindle121inFIGS.8and9.

Tool spindle121(block821) includes a second mating surface822. Second mating surface822extends along the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. Second mating surface822is parallel to the Y-axis-Z-axis plane in the reference posture of tool spindle121inFIG.9. Second mating surface822is parallel to first mating surface866. Pin insertion hole823is open to second mating surface822.

As illustrated inFIGS.11and14, pin member861is inserted into pin insertion hole823while additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121. The insertion direction of pin member861with respect to pin insertion hole823is a direction intersecting the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. The insertion direction of pin member861with respect to pin insertion hole823is not parallel to the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. The insertion direction of pin member861with respect to pin insertion hole823is the direction orthogonal to the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841. Center axis920of pin member861and a center axis925of pin insertion hole823overlap each other while additive-manufacturing head131is coupled to tool spindle121.

FIGS.15to17are sectional views illustrating the coupling operation of the tool spindle and the additive-manufacturing head.

Referring toFIGS.8and15, when additive-manufacturing head131is mounted on tool spindle121, first, front surface portion124of tool spindle121and disk portion136of additive-manufacturing head131are disposed opposite to each other in the Y-axis direction by the movement of tool spindle121in a three-axis directions of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis and the movement of additive-manufacturing head131in the Z-axis direction. Tool spindle121is set as the reference posture.

When moving in the +Y-axis direction, tool spindle121approaches and moves toward additive-manufacturing head131. Thus, block821is inserted into opening832while protrusion811(811A,811B) is inserted into recess841(841A,841B). At this point, as illustrated inFIG.13, the oil pressure is supplied to oil pressure chamber877in clamp mechanism portion871.

Referring toFIG.12, when protrusion811is inserted into recess841, the oil pressure supply to oil pressure chamber877is stopped. When protrusion879is locked by ball874, recess841and protrusion811inserted into recess841are clamped to each other.

Referring toFIG.16, when block821is inserted into opening832, first mating surface866of guide block862and second mating surface822of block821face each other. Pin member861disposed on the back side of first mating surface866and pin insertion hole823opened to second mating surface822are opposite to each other in the X-axis direction. In the embodiment, first mating surface866and second mating surface822extend along the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841, so that first mating surface866and second mating surface822can be prevented from interfering with each other as tool spindle121moves in the +Y-axis direction.

Referring toFIGS.14and17, next, pin member861is moved from the first state in which the pin member861is disposed on the back side of first mating surface866to the second state in which the pin member861protrudes from first mating surface866by the forward and backward movement of piston rod856in air cylinder852. Thus, pin member861is inserted into pin insertion hole823.

The insertion direction of pin member861with respect to the pin insertion hole823is the X-axis direction orthogonal to the insertion direction (Y-axis direction) of protrusion811with respect to recess841, so that pin member861inserted into pin insertion hole823can function as a retainer even when a clamping failure is generated in clamp mechanism portion871. Thus, additive-manufacturing head131can be more reliably prevented from falling off from tool spindle121.

According to such the configuration, pin member861inserted into pin insertion hole823can more reliably prevent both protrusion811A from coming out of recess841A and prevent protrusion811B from coming out of recess841B.

When the structure of the clamp device of the embodiment of the present invention described above is summarized, the clamp device of the embodiment includes tool spindle121as the first member including protrusion811(811A,811B), additive-manufacturing head131as the second member provided with recess841(841A,841B) into which protrusion811(811A,811B) is inserted in the first direction and detachably coupled to tool spindle121, and clamp mechanism portion871that mutually clamps recess841(841A,841B) and protrusion811(811A,811B) inserted into recess841(841A,841B). Additive-manufacturing head131as one member of tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131includes pin member861. Pin insertion hole823into which pin member861is inserted in the second direction intersecting the first direction is provided in tool spindle121as the other member of tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131.

According to such the configuration, when pin member861inserted into pin insertion hole823is caused to function as the retainer, even when a clamping failure occurs in the clamp mechanism portion871, the coupling between tool spindle121and additive-manufacturing head131can be more reliably maintained.

In the embodiment, the configuration in which male-side protrusion811and male-side pin member861are provided in different members and female-side recess841and female-side pin insertion hole823are provided in different members has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the protrusion and the pin member may be provided in the same member, and the recess and the pin insertion hole may be provided in the same member. In addition, the clamp device of the present invention may be applied to the coupling between a pallet and a table or the coupling between the workpiece and a jig in the processing machine (machine tool), or may be applied to the coupling between different members in a technical field other than the processing machine (machine tool).

It should be considered that the disclosed embodiment is an example in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by not the description above, but the claims, and it is intended that all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are included in the present invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

For example, the present invention is applied to a coupling structure between different members in the processing machine.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST