Waste recycling system

A waste collecting and recycling system where a portable waste sorting apparatus is located at a first collecting location. Waste from a nearby locality is brought to the collecting location where the recyclable material is sorted out and carried to another location for recycling or possibly further shipment. Then the portable separating apparatus is moved to a second collecting location and the process is repeated. The waste material brought to these locations can in some instances be presorted, with further sorting or separation being accomplished at the collecting locations. Thus, efficiencies are realized in transportation costs and also in effective use of the sorting apparatus.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
a. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a waste recycling system, and more 
particularly to a method and apparatus by which recyclable waste can be 
collected and sorted at various geographically spaced collecting locations 
and be brought to other locations for recycling, or transportation to 
recycling facilities, and more particularly to such a system where 
portable waste separating apparatus can be effectively utilized. 
b. Background Art 
In recent years, the recycling of waste material has become increasingly 
important. There are various ways in which this can be accomplished. For 
example, in some areas people in residential neighborhoods will presort 
their recyclable waste and place this adjacent to the street for 
collection, the waste could be sorted, for example, into the waste 
material which is simply taken to a landfill or the like, and into three 
other containers, one for metal, one for glass, and another for paper 
which could possibly be recycled. Then this sorted waste material is taken 
to a further collection location, which may be a recycling facility, but 
which may also be a transfer area where the sorted material is transported 
further to a recycling facility. 
At a collection center, there is often provided a system where the 
potentially recyclable material is further sorted. For example, the 
recyclable glass is placed on a conveyor which carries the glass by a 
plurality of work stations where individual workers will sort through the 
waste material to remove selected classes of material. Specifically, glass 
of one color may be sorted by one person and placed in a collecting bin, 
while glass of another color placed in a collecting bin, while glass of 
another color would be removed by a worker at another location and placed 
in another bin. Eventually, the sorted material is subjected to a 
recycling process, and it could be transported one or more further times 
prior to the actual recycling process. 
The sequence of steps described above is simply given by way of example, 
and there are obviously variations of this. For example, in some instances 
there is no attempt to pre-sort the recyclable material at residential 
sites, and all of the waste material is transported to a collecting and 
sorting location, where there is a sorting apparatus (i.e. an apparatus 
with the conveyor, workstations, etc.). Also, in many instances recyclable 
material is collected along with waste material which has no value for 
recycling and is transported to a sorting location. The non-recyclable 
material which is sorted out is simply carried to a disposal site such as 
a landfill. 
Another complicating consideration is that there is currently greater 
environmental sensitivity to the overall process of collection, disposal 
and recycling of waste material, and the overall process is often subject 
to regulations, regarding permits and the like. Another important factor 
is the costs of transportation. For example, the actual recycling process 
of many material often requires sometimes a rather substantial capital 
investment in recycling equipment, and in many instances the recycling 
facility itself may be located many miles from the collection and sorting 
area, requiring rail or other land transportation over long distances. 
A search of the patent literature with regard to the present invention has 
disclosed a number of patients, these being the following: 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,557,685 (Schroering) is directed toward a "solid waste 
disposal plant", where the solid waste is placed on a first conveyor to a 
salvage separating area. Then the salvageable material is separated from 
the nonsalvageable material by depositing the nonsalvageable material onto 
a second conveyor where it goes through a shredding and compacting 
apparatus and then deposited in a sanitary landfill. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,389 (Morgan et al) shows what is called "Reclamation 
Method and Apparatus", where there is a plurality of conveyor belts and 
work stations located along the length of these belts. Patentability is 
predicated largely on the arrangement of these conveyors relative to each 
other. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,024 (Long) simply shows a conveyor line where there are 
foldable panels that provide work stations along the length of the 
conveyor. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,420,211 (Hartvickson) shows what is called a "turkey 
hauling machine". There is a portable conveying apparatus, and this is 
arranged so that the turkeys can be moved up the conveyor belt and into 
the containing area. Then the trailer assembly can be towed away. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,340,935 (Csimma) shows a harvesting machine which travels 
through a vine crop area, with there being conveyors and also work 
stations. Another harvesting machine is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,305,113 
(Gardner) where portable work stations are provided. 
U.S. Pat. No. 2,588,282 (Orwin) shows a conveyor with adjacent work 
activity stations. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In the system and method of the present invention, waste which is made up 
at least in part of salvageable material is processed in a manner to 
provide certain economies and efficiencies. The system and method is 
utilized in a situation where there is a plurality of geographically 
spaced waste collecting locations and at least one recycling location 
geographically spaced from the collecting locations. 
There is first provided a portable waste separating apparatus which 
comprises: 
i. a support frame having an operating axis; 
ii. a conveyor means arranged to carry waste along the operating axis; 
iii. means defining a plurality of work stations on the axis where workers 
at the stations have access to the waste being carried on the conveying 
means so as to be able to sort out and collect portions of the waste for 
collection. 
iv. ground locomotion means (desirably in the form of ground wheels) by 
which the apparatus can be moved between collecting locations. 
The waste material, at least part of which is recyclable, is gathered at 
localities and brought to the collecting locations which are 
geographically spaced from one another. The portable waste separating 
apparatus is located at a first one of said collecting locations, and it 
is operated to separate the recyclable material. Then the recyclable 
material so separated is moved to a further location, which can be either 
a location for further shipment or a recycling location. 
Then the portable waste apparatus is moved to a second one of the 
geographically spaced collecting locations, and it is operated to perform 
a further separating operation. This separated recyclable material from 
the second location is in turn transported to another location, which can 
be the same further transfer location or actual recycling center, or 
another such location or center. 
There are a number of possible variations in the system and method of the 
present invention. For example, the waste material which is to be recycled 
may comprise at least in part non-recyclable waste material. This 
non-recyclable waste material would be moved to a disposal site which is 
either at the collecting location or at a separate disposal location. 
Further, the waste material could be subjected to an earlier presorting 
method, such as people at residences separating the recyclable material 
into several categories (e.g. glass, metal, and paper products), and the 
pre-sorted or preseparated material can then be carried to the related 
collecting location, where a further sorting operation is carried on (e.g. 
sorting the recyclable glass into several categories). Then this separated 
material could be carried to another location for further transportation 
or for actual recycling. 
The present invention further comprises the portable recycling apparatus 
itself, which lends itself particularly to effective use in the system and 
method of the present invention. 
Other features become apparent from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
It is believed that a clearer understanding of the present invention will 
be achieved by first describing, with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the 
portable waste separating apparatus used in the system and method of the 
present invention. 
The waste separating apparatus 10 comprises an elongate support frame 12 
having a front end 14 and a rear end 16. At the front end 14, there is a 
connecting device 18 by which the apparatus 10 can be towed by a tractor 
or other vehicle. At the rear end 16, there is a pair of ground engaging 
wheels 20 by which the apparatus 10 can be towed to various locations. 
Further, the apparatus 10 comprises stationary ground support means, which 
are shown herein as rear jacks 22 and forward jacks 24 connected to the 
frame 12. These jacks 22 and 24 are retracted upwardly for ground travel, 
and can be lowered into ground engaging position so as to stabilize the 
apparatus 10 at a stationary location. As shown herein, the jacks 24 are 
at a raised location, and if necessary, pedestals or other support members 
can be positioned below the forward jacks 24 to provide the proper support 
and maintain the forward end of the apparatus 10 at the appropriate 
height. 
The apparatus 10 further comprise a receiving bin 26 into which the waste 
material to be sorted is deposited. This bin 26 comprises a rear wall 28 
and two side walls 30 which slope downwardly and inwardly to a forwardly 
and upwardly traveling loading conveyor 32 which extends from a lower rear 
location of a roller 34 to an upper forward location at a roller 36. The 
waste material to be sorted is dumped into the bin 26 and carried upwardly 
and forwardly by the loading roller 32 to be discharged off the front end 
location at 36. 
There is a second sorting conveyor 38 which extends from a rear roller 40 
(positioned beneath and just rearwardly of the forward end of the conveyor 
32) horizontally to a forward roller 42. The sorting conveyor has an upper 
run 44 which travels in a forward direction, and this conveyor 38 can be 
considered as having a longitudinal axis 46 along which the waste material 
to be sorted Is carried. A plurality of work platforms or stations 48 are 
provided on opposite sides of the sorting conveyor 38, and as shown herein 
these are provided with suitable safety structure, such as a surrounding 
rail 50 having an access door 52. Each platform 48 is provided with a 
related ladder 54 to permit the person to ascend to the location of the 
platform 48, the ladders 54 being removably mounted so that the apparatus 
can be more easily transported. Each platform 48 is conveniently located 
relative to the upper run 44 of the conveyor 38 so that each person can 
easily reach over the conveyor 38 to pick up selected waste components 
which that particular person is collecting. 
Between the work stations 48, there are collecting locations defined by 
sidewalls 56 that slope downwardly in a converging pattern. Suitable 
collecting structure is, in operation, placed at certain collecting 
locations, such as the collecting bins illustrated schematically at 58. 
The roller 42 at the forward end of the apparatus 10 is magnetic so that it 
attracts magnetically responsive materials (e.g. ferrous metal) to the 
belt 38. Also, beneath the forward end of the conveyor 38, there is 
provided a forward bin 60 and an adjacent rear bin 62. These bins 60 and 
62 are arranged so that the material which is not attracted to the 
magnetized roller 42 falls into the forward bin 60, and the material which 
is attracted to the roller at 42 is carried by the conveyor 38 belt in a 
semi-circular pattern to begin a rearward path of travel on the lower run 
64 of the belt 38, and then drops away into the bin 62 when it moves away 
from the magnetized roller 42. 
The apparatus 10 is provided with suitable power means, such as a diesel 
motor shown schematically at 66, which has operative drive connections to 
the two conveyors 32 and 38, these operative connections being shown at 
68, to cause movement of the conveyors 32 and 38 by hydraulic motors or 
the like. 
To describe the operation of the apparatus 10, the forward and rear jacks 
22 and 24 are raised so as to be out of the engagement of the underlying 
ground surface, and a tractor or other towing vehicle is connected at 18 
to the apparatus 10. In this manner, the apparatus 10 can be towed in the 
manner of a semi-trailer structure to the site of a waste material 
collecting location. When the apparatus 10 is positioned for operation, 
the jacks 22 and 24 are lowered into ground engaging position to stabilize 
the apparatus 10 on the ground surface. As indicated previously, because 
of the elevated position of the forward jacks 24, pedestals or the like 
could be used so that the forward jacks 24 could have proper ground 
bearing engagement. 
The waste material to be recycled is deposited in the bin 6, where the 
walls 28 and 30 direct the material downwardly onto the feed conveyor 32. 
The material is carried by the feed conveyor 32 upwardly to drop off the 
forward end thereof onto the rear end of the sorting conveyor 38. As the 
waste material is carried along the axis 46 of the conveyor 38, the 
workers standing on the various work stations or platforms 48 sort through 
the material on the belt selecting the class of material for which that 
person is responsible. For example, if the waste material is glass, then 
one worker may be selecting glass of a particular color. 
The material which is not selected travels to the forward end of the 
conveyor 38 to drop into one or the other of the bins 60 and 62. As 
indicated previously, with the forward roller 42 being magnetic, the 
non-magnetic material will fall into the forward bin 60, while the 
magnetically attracted material will be carried around the circumference 
of the belt traveling around the roller 42 to fall into the rear bin 62. 
With the foregoing description of the structure and operation of the 
sorting apparatus 10 in mind, reference is now made in FIG. 3 to describe 
the overall system and method of the present invention. 
Let it be assumed that there is a plurality of household residences 70 in 
one geographical area, and a plurality of second household residences 72 
in another area. Each of these households 70 and 72 is on a program where 
potentially recyclable material is collected at each house location and 
moved to a collection station. In some instances, the recyclable waste 
material may be presorted at the individual household (e.g. into glass, 
metal, and paper, for example), while in other instances, it will simply 
be placed together in one container. The waste material from the 
residences 70 is picked up by, for example, a waste collecting truck and 
carried to a waste collecting location 74. The waste material collected 
from the households 72 would be carried to another collecting location 76 
which may be closer to those particular households 72. 
If the waste material has been presorted, then it will remain sorted when 
collected by the truck and placed in separate locations at the collecting 
location 74, such as three separate bins or the like. To illustrate these 
separate locations, the location 74 is divided by broken lines into three 
sections 74a, 74b, or 74c, each of which could receive recyclable waste 
material of a certain type. The waste material is collected at the site 74 
for a period of time (e.g. a few days, or possibly a week or two) until 
there is a sufficient amount of such waste material to warrant an initial 
sorting operation (or a further sorting operation if the collected 
material has been presorted). 
In the present example, let it be assumed that the waste material has been 
presorted at the residence location 70 and the sorted portions are placed 
in the separate locations 74a, 74b, and 74c. At this time, the apparatus 
10 of the present invention is towed by a tractor or the like to the 
collection location 74 and placed in proximity thereto. The apparatus 10, 
when properly located, has the jacks 22 and 24 lowered into ground 
engagement to stabilize the apparatus 10. Then the material from one 
location (e.g. location 74a) is continuously loaded into the bin 26 so 
that the conveyor 32 carries the material onto to the sorting belt or 
conveyor 38, and workers at the appropriate locations 48 sort the material 
into the containers 58 as the material travels the length of the conveyor 
38. 
Then the material from these bins 38 is positioned to be transported, this 
being indicated at 78. This waste material at 78 may be given a 
preliminary processing step, such as being compacted, (as in the case of 
aluminum cans or the like) or possibly baled (in the case of paper 
products), etc. These processing steps and/or the apparatus for 
accomplishing the same are simply shown schematically as the broken line 
squares at 80. 
In most instances, the recyclable material, even though presorted by the 
individual households at 70, will have some waste material that is not 
practical to recycle. In the present embodiment, this non-recyclable waste 
material is carried to the end of the conveyor 38 where it is collected in 
the bins or containers 60 and 62. This nonrecyclable waste material is 
then carried to a suitable landfill, one such landfill being indicated at 
2. It may be that the collecting location 74 is immediately adjacent to 
the landfill or other disposal site 82, or this site 82 may be a further 
distance away. 
The sorted material deposited in the post-sorted collecting location 78 
(possibly with processing at 80) is then transported to a suitable 
location for actual recycling, or possibly to a transfer location where 
the recyclable material is shipped to a recycling facility. As indicated 
previously, in some instances the actual recycling requires a substantial 
capital investment in recycling apparatus, and such a recycling facility 
could be a rather long distance from the collecting location, requiring 
shipment by rail or the like. 
In the schematic drawing of FIG. 3, there is shown in broken lines a 
further transfer location 84, and one option is to move all or part of the 
material from the post-sorted collecting locations 78 to be carried to the 
further transfer location 84, from which the material is then transported 
to a suitable recycling facility. 
Yet another option is to take the post-sorted material from the locations 
78 and transport these to one or more recycling or transport locations, 
depending upon the type of material, such locations being indicated at 86, 
88 and 90. 
When the sorting operation has been completed at the first collecting 
location 74, then the apparatus 10 is moved to another collecting 
location, such as the location 76. This is accomplished, as described 
previously, by raising the ground engaging jacks 22 and 4, and then towing 
the apparatus 10 to the other location. At the other location, such as 
shown at 76, essentially the same process is followed as described above 
with reference to the location at 74. 
With the foregoing description in mind, let us now discuss the advantages 
provided by the system and method of the present invention. First, there 
is a savings in the expenditure on the sorting apparatus 10. It may be 
that the collecting facility at the location 74 simply does not have a 
sufficient volume of waste material to warrant a permanent sorting 
apparatus. If that were the case, then it would possibly be necessary to 
carry the recyclable material without further sorting to a more distant 
location. This would have a number of disadvantages. For example, the 
handling and rehandling of the material may cause damage (e.g. breaking 
the glass or the like), and make later sorting more difficult. Further, 
depending upon the effectiveness of the presorting and collection system, 
there may be a fair amount of nonrecyclable waste material which should be 
carried to a landfill or the like. By accomplishing the presorting at the 
collecting location 74, the nonrecyclable waste material can be separated 
at an early time and carried to the appropriate disposal site or landfill 
82. Yet another advantage is that there can be at the collecting location 
74 equipment such as a compacter, baler, etc. which would place the 
recyclable material in a condition so that it can more easily be 
transported by a truck or the like to another location. 
Another advantage is that the apparatus 10 would normally be able to be 
certified or licensed in accordance with the laws and regulations of that 
particular locality, so that as soon as it arrives at the collecting 
location 74, it can promptly begin the operation without need of any 
further certification or licensing. On the other hand, if each collecting 
location 74 or 76, etc had its own permanently located sorting apparatus, 
then there would be the requirement that the collecting facility at 74 or 
76 would itself have to take the trouble to be in conformity with such 
licensing and permit procedures, and also would need to be prepared for 
periodic inspections if such are carried on in that locality. 
Further as indicated previously, the present invention would provide an 
efficiency (and accordingly an economizing) in the transportation of the 
waste material for two reasons. First, the mass of the recyclable waste 
material to be transported can be reduced by the early separation of the 
nonrecyclable material at the location 74. Second, the recyclable waste 
material may be placed in a more desirable form (e.g. compacted or baled) 
so that it can more readily be transported while occupying a smaller 
volume. 
Further, the fact that the apparatus 10 is portable and thus can be used at 
a number of collecting facilities, such as at 74 and 76, it is possible to 
have these collecting and sorting locations be smaller scale in terms of 
the volume handled , so that these would likely serve smaller localities 
of the household or the like. This would give better overall quality 
control or the entire process. For example, let it be assumed that in one 
local area there was not sufficient awareness of the proper procedures in 
recycling, and the people in the households were very careless initially, 
possibly by adding all sort of material which would not properly be 
recycled. For example, let us assume that the recyclable material 
collected from the households at (70) were controlled better than those 
collected form the households at 72. The operators of the apparatus 10 
would be able to recognize, during the sorting operation, the deficiencies 
in the recyclable material collected from the one locality, so that 
appropriate steps could be taken to monitor the entire operation more 
closely and thus make the recycling operation more efficient and 
effective. 
It is to be recognized that various modifications could be made to the 
present invention without departing from the basic teachings thereof.