Heavy-duty door jack and dolly

A jack and dolly assembly provides for easy, efficient, and effective transportation and installation of heavy items such as a door, a panel, and the like. The assembly is adapted to provide the ability for one person to quickly, easily, efficiently, and effectively load, install hardware upon, store, transport, lift, position, uninstall, and/or install an object. The assembly is adapted to include adjustable components such that the assembly can accommodate different sizes of objects. According to some embodiments, the assembly includes a frame, carrying arm, and securing mechanism for holding/securing the object, and a pair of large wheels for easily transporting the object. The assembly is further adapted to provide the ability to lift an object and properly hold the object in place during installation.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and/or a corresponding method of use/manufacture having applications in at least the construction and/or moving/packing/carrier business. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a jack, dolly, transportation device, manipulation device, and/or installation device for transporting, manipulating, installing and/or uninstalling large and/or heavy items including, but not limited to, a door, a panel, and the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The background description provided herein gives context for the present disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art.

Constructing, remodeling, and/or repairing a building is a large undertaking. The construction process involves many moving parts. Different components and equipment used throughout the construction process often need to be transported to different locations within a construction site. Such transportation of components and/or equipment often requires manpower. Additionally, construction often involves uninstalling and/or installing large, heavy objects such as doors, paneling, and the like.

Currently, the industry lacks an effective device to transport and/or install heavy and/or large components such as a door of a building. Transporting, installing, and/or uninstalling heavy objects in a construction site is often a laborious task that requires the attention and brawn of multiple people. Transporting, installing, and/or uninstalling heavy items can also be time consuming and sometimes can result in inadvertent damage to the item that is being transported, installed, and/or uninstalled. Additionally, the industry currently lacks an easy and efficient way to install a door without using shim(s).

Thus, there exists a need in the art for an apparatus, method, and/or system that provides the ability to easily, efficiently, and effectively transport, uninstall, and/or install heavy components, such as a door, a panel, and the like. More specifically, there exists a need in the art for an apparatus, method, and/or system that provides the ability to transport heavy object(s) with speed, ease, and efficiency wherein only one person is needed for such transportation. There exists a need in the art for an apparatus, method, and/or system that allows for a heavy object to be easily, quickly, and efficiently transported in and/or through an elevator, doorway, hallway, and on all types of terrain. There exists a need in the art for an apparatus, method, and/or system that increases installation/uninstallation productivity/efficiency such that only one person is needed to uninstall and/or install a heavy item. There exists a need in the art for an apparatus, method, and/or system that provides the ability to transport, install, uninstall, and/or otherwise handle heavy objects without damaging them. There exists a need in the art for an apparatus, method, and/or system that provides the ability to easily, efficiently, and effectively install a door without using shim(s).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following objects, features, advantages, aspects, and/or embodiments, are not exhaustive and do not limit the overall disclosure. No single embodiment need provide each and every object, feature, or advantage. Any of the objects, features, advantages, aspects, and/or embodiments disclosed herein can be integrated with one another, either in full or in part.

It is a primary object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to improve on or overcome the deficiencies in the art.

It is a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that provides the ability to easily, efficiently, and effectively secure, transport, uninstall, and/or install heavy components, such as a door, a panel, and the like.

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that provides the ability to transport heavy object(s) with speed, ease, and efficiency wherein only one person is needed for such transportation.

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that allows for a heavy object to be easily, quickly, and efficiently transported in and/or through an elevator, doorway, hallway, and on many types of terrain.

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that increases installation productivity/efficiency such that only one person is needed to install a heavy item.

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that provides the ability to transport, install, and/or otherwise handle heavy objects without damaging them.

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that provides the ability to eliminate and/or reduce work related injuries due to lifting of heavy objects.

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that provides the ability to easily, efficiently, and effectively install a door without using shim(s).

It is still yet a further object, feature, and/or advantage of the present invention to provide apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) that provides the ability for one person to load, install hardware upon, store, transport, lift, position, uninstall, and/or install a heavy object such as a door.

The apparatus(es), method(s), and/or system(s) disclosed herein can be used in a wide variety of applications. For example, the jack and dolly device can be used to secure, transport, and/or install many different objects including, but not limited to doors, panels, windows, tiles, boards, sheets, slabs, and the like.

It is preferred the apparatus be safe, cost effective, and durable. For example, the jack and dolly device can be adapted to resist failure (e.g., cracking, crumbling, shearing, creeping) due to excessive and/or prolonged exposure to tensile, compressive, and/or balanced forces acting on the device. The device can be further adapted to be resistant to fire. Additionally, the device increases safety by reducing job related injuries caused by the lifting of heavy objects.

At least one embodiment disclosed herein comprises a distinct aesthetic appearance. Ornamental aspects included in such an embodiment can help capture a consumer's attention and/or identify a source of origin of a product being sold. Said ornamental aspects will not impede functionality of the present invention.

Methods can be practiced which facilitate use, manufacture, assembly, maintenance, and/or repair of a jack and dolly device which accomplish some or all of the previously stated objectives.

The jack and dolly device can be incorporated into systems, kits, and/or larger designs which accomplish some or all of the previously stated objectives.

According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a jack and dolly assembly to aid in securing, transporting, and/or installing an object, comprises a frame; a carrying arm supported by the frame; a securing mechanism mounted on the carrying arm wherein the securing mechanism is adapted to receive at least a portion of an object; and an adjustable member in operable communication with the securing mechanism such that the securing mechanism can be manipulated by adjusting the adjustable member.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises one or more adjustable legs extending from a first side of the frame wherein the one or more adjustable legs are adapted to be able to extend and retract.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises one or more stabilizing arms, each mounted to one of the one or more adjustable legs.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises one or more securing wheels, each securing wheel mounted to one of the one or more stabilizing arms, wherein the one or more securing wheels are adapted to receive at least a portion of the object.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises a plurality of transportation wheels.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises a first lower rear wheel assembly and a second lower rear wheel assembly located at or near a corner of the frame formed where a first side and a second side of the frame meet.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the first and second rear wheel assemblies are spring loaded.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises, a first front wheel, a second front wheel, a first upper wheel, and a second upper wheel wherein the front wheels are located at or near a distal end of a first side of the frame and the upper wheels are located at or near a distal end of a second side of the frame.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises a first large wheel and a second large wheel, wherein the first and second large wheels are pneumatic rubber tires adapted to be able to traverse many types of terrain and further wherein the first and second large wheels are located at or near a corner of the frame formed where first and second sides of the frame meet. The first and second large wheels can be pneumatic wheels that are 13.5 inches in diameter.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises a brake assembly mounted on the frame wherein the brake assembly is in operable communication with at least one of the large wheels.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises a foot member detachably mounted to the carrying arm, wherein the foot member is adapted to receive at least a portion of the object.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises a side adjustment rod mounted to the frame via an adjustment plate wherein the side adjustment rod is adapted to provide the ability to adjust the carrying arm.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the jack and dolly assembly further comprises a lower adjustment rod mounted to the frame wherein the lower adjustment rod is adapted to provide the ability to adjust the carrying arm.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, a transportation and installation tool for use at a construction site, comprises a frame wherein the frame is shaped generally as a capital letter “L” and comprises a first side and a second side; a carrying arm supported by the frame; a securing mechanism mounted on the carrying arm wherein the securing mechanism is adapted to receive at least a portion of an object; and a plurality of transportation wheels configured to allow the tool to be portable; wherein the plurality of transportation wheels is adapted to allow the tool to be transported in a vertical position and in a horizontal position.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises a first upper wheel and a second upper wheel, each located at or near a distal end of the second side of the frame.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the tool further comprises a first adjustable leg and a second adjustable leg, each extending from the first side of the frame wherein the adjustable legs are adapted to be able to extend and retract.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises a first front wheel and a second front wheel, wherein the first front wheel is located at a distal end of the first adjustable leg and the second front wheel is located at a distal end of the second adjustable leg.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises a first large wheel and a second large wheel, each located at or near a corner of the frame where the first and second sides of the frame meet.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the plurality of transportation wheels comprises a first lower rear wheel and a second lower rear wheel, wherein the first lower rear wheel is positioned adjacent to the first large wheel and the second lower rear wheel is positioned adjacent to the second large wheel.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, a caddy assembly to aid in transportation and installation of objects for use at a construction site, comprises a frame; and a carrying arm supported by the frame; a securing mechanism mounted on the carrying arm wherein the securing mechanism is adapted to receive at least a portion of an object; wherein positioning of the carrying arm can be adjusted.

According to at least some aspects of some embodiment disclosed, the size of the front wheels can be minimized by mounted a mini-frame to the These and/or other objects, features, advantages, aspects, and/or embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing the following brief and detailed descriptions of the drawings. Furthermore, the present disclosure encompasses aspects and/or embodiments not expressly disclosed but which can be understood from a reading of the present disclosure, including at least: (a) combinations of disclosed aspects and/or embodiments and/or (b) reasonable modifications not shown or described.

An artisan of ordinary skill in the art need not view, within isolated figure(s), the near infinite number of distinct permutations of features described in the following detailed description to facilitate an understanding of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is not to be limited to that described herein. Mechanical, electrical, chemical, procedural, and/or other changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. No features shown or described are essential to permit basic operation of the present invention unless otherwise indicated.

Referring now to the Figures,FIGS.1-5show an embodiment of a jack and dolly device100. The embodiment ofFIGS.1-5comprises a frame112(wherein the frame112comprises a first side160, a second side162, a first diagonal bar164, and a second diagonal bar166), a securing mechanism114, a lock115, a knob116, a carrying arm117, a first upper wheel118, a second upper wheel119, a fulcrum frame120, an adjustable member (associated with the fulcrum frame)122, a side adjustment rod124, an adjustment plate125, a brake handle126, a first attachment plate128, a second attachment plate129, a first large wheel130, a second large wheel131, a first lower rear wheel132, a second lower rear wheel133, a first lower rear wheel assembly134, a second lower rear wheel assembly135, a lower securing assembly136, a foot member138, a fulcrum block140, a fulcrum bar141, a brake assembly142, a first holding pin144, a second holding pin145, a first adjustable leg146, a second adjustable leg147, a first front wheel148, a second front wheel149, a first securing wheel150, a second securing wheel151, a first stabilizing arm152, a second stabilizing arm153, a lower adjustment rod154, a first lower rear lock156, and a second lower rear lock158.

The embodiment ofFIGS.1-5includes a frame112wherein the shape of the frame112of the embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5generally resembles the shape of a capital “L”, however any suitably shaped frame can be used. The frame112can include two generally straight sides, a first side160and a second side162, that are perpendicular to each other wherein the two sides meet to generally form a corner and an “L” shape. Both the first side160and second side162can be of any suitable length, width, size, and/or shape. The frame112can further include a first diagonal bar164and a second diagonal bar166. One end of the first diagonal bar164can be mounted to the first side160and the other end of the first diagonal bar164can be mounted to the second side162. Similarly, one end of the second diagonal bar166can be mounted to the first side160and the other end of the second diagonal bar166can be mounted to the second side162. The diagonal bars164/166provide stability to the frame112and any object/door held by the device100. The diagonal bars164/166also provide protection to any object/door held by the device100. While the embodiment ofFIGS.1-5includes two diagonal bars164/166, any number of diagonal bars could be included ranging from zero to N where N is any number greater than zero. According to some embodiments, the frame112is a rectangular steel tube frame with dimensions of 1 inch×1 inch with varying length. According to some embodiments, the frame112is a circular steel tube frame having a 1-inch diameter. However, the frame112can be any suitable shape and/or size. According to some embodiments, the frame112can be constructed of any suitable material including, but not limited to, metal, wood, plastic, and the like. According to some embodiments, the frame112, and device100as a whole, is fire rated such that it is resistant to fire. The frame112, and device100as a whole, is capable of lifting, securing, holding, transporting, uninstalling, and/or installing heavy objects, such as doors. The device100is capable of lifting, securing, holding, transporting, uninstalling, and/or installing objects weighing up to at least 350 pounds.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes one or more securing mechanisms114. In some embodiments, a particularly beneficial number of securing mechanisms is two, with one securing mechanism located at one end of the device100and another securing mechanism114located at the opposite end of the device100.

The securing mechanism114can be mounted on the carrying arm117and can be configured to receive at least a portion of an object wherein the object can be secured, held in place, and/or positioned via the securing mechanism114. The securing mechanism114can comprise holding cams/disks, such as swivel holding cams, as shown inFIGS.1-5. The securing mechanism, according to some embodiments, includes opposing surfaces (cams inFIGS.1-5) wherein a portion of an object can be placed between such surfaces. The opposing surfaces of the securing mechanism114can be circular/wheel-like and/or half-circle/half-wheel-like members, however such surfaces could also be flat or any other suitable shape and/or configuration. The surfaces can then tighten and/or contract to secure, hold in place, and/or position the object. While the securing mechanism114shown inFIGS.1-5uses holding cams, the securing mechanism114does not need to include opposing surfaces and can be any suitable component capable of receiving at least a portion of an object so that it can secure, hold in place, and/or position said object. Examples of components that can be used as a securing mechanism include, but are not limited to, a clamp, a cinch, brackets, bindings, and the like. The securing mechanism114provides the ability to rapidly and easily secure/clamp and release an object such as a door, panel, and the like. According to some embodiments, the securing mechanism114can include a protective lining, such as rubber or any other suitable lining, such that transporting and/or installing an object with the device100will not damage the object. Thus, the device100can transport and/or install pre-finished objects. This increases productivity and efficiency.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a lock115. According to some embodiments, the lock115can include a component that is pushed-in to lock the carrying arm117and/or the securing mechanism114and pulled out to release and/or unlock the securing mechanism114and/or carrying arm117. When at least a portion of an object is received by the securing mechanism114, a user can tighten and/or contract the securing mechanism114to secure, hold in place, and/or position the object, and then a user can push a component of the lock15to lock the securing mechanism114and/or the carrying arm117. A user can then pull a component of the lock115to unlock the securing mechanism114, and/or carrying arm117, such that the securing mechanism114can then be loosened and/or expanded when it is desired to remove the object from the securing mechanism. Any suitable locking mechanism can be used for the lock115.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a knob116. The knob116can be mounted on the carrying arm117and can include an adjustable member (adjusted by twisting the knob116) configured to engage/contact the object received, secured, held in place, and/or positioned by the securing mechanism114. For example, according to some embodiments, the object inserted into the securing mechanism114can protrude from both sides of the securing mechanism114while being secured by the opposing surfaces of the securing mechanism114. The adjustable member of the knob116can then be adjusted, by twisting the knob116, such that it engages a portion of the object snugly to provide more stability and/or to properly position the object. For example, the adjustable member of the knob116can engage the object in the securing mechanism114to move the object to a desired position. When it is desired to remove the object from the securing mechanism114, a user can twist the knob116such that it disengages the object. Further, the adjustable member of the knob116that contacts the object/door can include a protective lining, such as rubber or any other suitable lining, such that transporting and/or installing an object with the device100will not damage the object.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a carrying arm117. The carrying arm117is supported by the frame112and serves as a moveable/adjustable frame member. The height, alignment, angle, and/or position (horizontal and vertical) of the carrying arm117is adjustable via components of the device100. The carrying arm117is capable of being swung and/or adjusted in two planes via the components of the device100. According to some embodiments, the carrying arm117comprises the securing mechanism114, the lock115, the knob116, the fulcrum frame120, the adjustable member122, the foot member138, the fulcrum block140, and/or the fulcrum bar141. The carrying arm117can be adjusted such that the object secured by the securing mechanism114is positioned desirably. For example, the device100can be used to install an object, such as a door. According to some embodiments, the device100can also be used to remove/uninstall an object, such as a door.

When installing an object/door, a user can place a portion of the object/door in the foot member138and then position the object/door so that it is received by the securing mechanism114. A user can engage the stabilizing arms152/153such that at least a portion of the object/door is received and stabilized by the lower securing wheels150/151. The device100uses leverage to lift an object/door and hold it in place. A user can manipulate the position of the carrying arm117such that the object which is held in the securing mechanism114and is supported by the carrying arm117, and/or components thereof, is at the proper height, alignment, angle, and/or position (vertical and/or horizontal) to allow the user to install the object/door. This includes, but is not limited to, proper vertical position, proper horizontal position, proper angles in multiple planes, proper level, proper plumb positioning, and the like. For example, according to some embodiments, a user can adjust the positioning of the foot member138and/or the carrying arm117in order to adjust the plumb level so that the hinges are positioned properly corresponding to the door jamb. Additionally, a user can engage lower rear wheels132/133so that they are lowered to the ground to provide sideways movement to properly place the device100. According to some embodiments, the object/door can be positioned at a hinge pin. A user can install hardware on the door and/or door frame, door jamb, and the like such as knob(s), hinges, knocker(s), handle(s), latches, and the like, while the device100holds the door at the proper height, alignment, angle and/or position in the door frame. For example, the device100can hold a door in place to set the hinges and then adjust up and/or down to set the hinges to the door jamb and/or to the door. The device100can hold the door in place so that a user can remove pin(s) from the hinge and/or remove screw(s) from the door jamb. A user can also plane, mill, machine, mortise, tenon, drill, strip, and/or perform any other action on the object/door while it is aligned in the door frame or at another location. When the device100and components thereof are manipulated such that the object/door held by the device is properly aligned and positioned in a door frame to facilitate installation, the object/door can be positioned plumb to the hinge side of the door jamb. According to some embodiments, the carrying arm117, and/or the object/door, can travel plus or minus 5 degrees if the door frame is out of plumb. According to some embodiments, the carrying arm117, and/or object/door, has an angle of travel lesser or greater than 5 degrees. Additionally, the device100can be used to transport, uninstall, and/or install an object/door on unlevel floors and/or subfloors. The device100still functions properly on such unlevel floors and/or subfloors. The device100can also be used for shipping objects/doors wherein the device100can secure and hold the object/door in place while it is being shipped such as by truck, train, boat, and the like.

The device100is compatible for use with many different types of hinges when installing a door. For example, the device100is compatible with leaf hinges, gear hinges, butt hinges, spring loaded hinges, ball bearing hinges, barrel hinges, concealed hinges, overlay hinges, offset hinges, piano hinges, strap hinges, security hinges, continuous hinges, and/or any combination thereof. The device100provides the ability to properly position and install a door that uses any type of hinge without the need for shim(s), even when the hinge leaves are open.

By being able to adjust the carrying arm117, the device100provides the ability to install a door such that it is level and plumb without the use of shim(s) or any other items such as straps. Additionally, by using the device100for door installation, a user can begin the installation process and then if the user is forced to pause the process and leave, the device100will still hold the door in the door frame at the proper height, alignment, angle, and/or position. Therefore, upon the user's return, the user can continue the installation process from the point at which he or she paused. Without the use of the device100, beginning door installation, pausing, and then returning would require lifting the door, setting it down, and lifting again. In this way, the device100increases productivity and efficiency and also increases safety by reducing and/or eliminating injuries suffered by lifting heavy objects. While a user can manually adjust the horizontal and/or vertical position of the object/door and/or the carrying arm117, the device100is also self-leveling in that it automatically levels itself, automatically positions itself in the plumb position, and automatically provides the proper positioning needed to uninstall and/or install a door. Thus, the device allows for a single user, without help from another, to uninstall and/or install a door or other object (manually and/or automatically) quickly, efficiently, effectively, and safely.

The device100can hold an object/door in place (i.e., serve as a holding clamp), either in a door frame or at another location, while a user performs actions on the object/door. In this way, the device can function as a work station wherein a user can perform actions on an object/door secured by the device100. For example, a user could use the device100to secure and hold in place an object/door while the user installs hardware on said object/door including but not limited to knob(s), hinges, knocker(s), handle(s), latches, and the like. Additionally, while an object/door is secured and/or held in place by the device100, a user can plane the object/door, mill the object/door, machine the object/door, mortise the object/door, tenon the object/door, perform drilling/boring on the object/door, perform millwork on the object/door, perform stripping on the object/door, and/or perform any other actions to the object/door. Additionally, the device100can act as a tool hauler wherein any tools, equipment, accessories, and/or materials used to perform planning, milling, machining, mortise work, tenon work, drilling, boring, stripping, millwork, and/or any other functions on an object/door can be stored and/or attached to the device100. Such tools, equipment, accessories and/or materials could include, but are not limited to, mortise drill(s), door hinge template(s), router(s), hinge(s), hammer(s), screwdriver(s), screw(s), nail(s), bolt(s), nut(s), flush bolt(s), and the like.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a first upper wheel118and a second upper wheel119both mounted to the frame112. The upper wheels118/119can be located at or near the distal end of the second side162of the frame112. However, according to some embodiments, the upper wheels can be located at any point along the second side62of the frame112. While the first and second upper wheels118/119in the embodiment ofFIGS.1-5are each 4-inch casters and/or swivel wheels, any suitable size wheel and any suitable style/type of wheel could be used. As will be discussed below, the first and second upper wheels118/119are transportation wheels that aid in moving the device100and any object(s) that the device100is carrying. According to some embodiments, the first and second upper wheels118/119are identical mirrors of each other. Additionally, according to some embodiments, any suitable number of upper wheels118/119could be included.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a fulcrum frame120, an adjustable member122associated with the fulcrum frame120, two fulcrum blocks140, and a fulcrum bar141connecting the two fulcrum blocks140wherein the fulcrum frame120is mounted on the fulcrum bar141. The fulcrum frame120, fulcrum blocks140, and adjustable member122can be mounted on the carrying arm117wherein the fulcrum blocks are also operatively connected to the frame112. The fulcrum frame120, its adjustable member122, the fulcrum blocks140, and the fulcrum bar141provide a means by which the height, alignment, angle, and/or position of the carrying arm117, and thereby any object supported by the carrying arm117, can be adjusted. For example, a user can twist the adjustable member122to alter the height, alignment, angle, and/or position of the carrying arm117. Each of the fulcrum blocks140can be in slidable contact with opposite sides of the frame112such that the height of the carrying arm117can be adjusted by sliding the fulcrum blocks140. For example, according to some embodiments, twisting of the adjustable member122can cause the fulcrum frame120, fulcrum blocks140, and/or fulcrum bar141to loosen and/or tighten. Thereby, when the fulcrum frame120, fulcrum blocks140, and/or fulcrum bar141are in a loosened state, the fulcrum blocks140can be slid up the frame112or slid down the frame112, via the fulcrum frame120, thereby causing the height of the carrying arm117, and thereby any object supported by the carrying arm117, to adjust accordingly. Additionally, when the fulcrum frame120, fulcrum blocks140, and/or fulcrum bar141are in a loosened state the horizontal position of the carrying arm117can be adjusted. Further, when the fulcrum frame120, fulcrum blocks140, and/or fulcrum bar141are in a loosened state the carrying arm117can be tilted in at least two different planes (at least a generally vertical plane and generally horizontal plane) so that its angle, and thereby the angle of any object supported by the carrying arm117, is adjusted. The adjustable member122can then be twisted the opposite direction to tighten the fulcrum frame120, fulcrum blocks140, and/or fulcrum bar141such that they are locked in place, thereby locking the carrying arm117, and any object thereon, in place. According to some embodiments, the adjustable member122can be a ratchet rod, however any suitable member could be used such as a wheel, lever, and the like. According to some embodiments, the fulcrum frame120, adjustable member122, the two fulcrum blocks140, and the fulcrum bar141can be used in combination to adjust the height, alignment, angle, and/or position (vertical and/or horizontal) of the carrying arm117, and thereby any object being supported by the carrying arm117.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a side adjustment rod124mounted on the frame via an adjustment plate125wherein the side adjustment rod124is in operable communication and/or contact with at least a portion of the carrying arm117. In addition to the fulcrum frame120, adjustable member122, the two fulcrum blocks140, and the fulcrum bar141, the side adjustment rod124is another component of the device100that can be used to adjust the height, alignment, angle, and/or position (vertical and/or horizontal) of the carrying arm117. The side adjustment rod124can move in a horizontal direction in and/or on the adjustment plate125. The side adjustment rod124can further be in contact with at least a portion of the carrying arm117such that when the side adjustment rod124moves horizontally, the carrying arm117is forced to move accordingly. According to some embodiments, the side adjustment rod124can be used to adjust the horizontal and/or vertical positioning and/or adjust the angle and/or tilt of the carrying arm117such that the carrying arm117, and thereby any object being supported by the carrying arm117, can be swung in at least two planes, including at least a generally vertical plane and generally horizontal plane. The side adjustment rod124ofFIGS.1-5is a twistable screw/rod-type member, however any suitable component to adjust the positioning of the carrying arm117could be used. The adjustment plate125can be mounted to the frame112and can be constructed from any suitable material including, but not limited to, metal, wood, plastic, and the like. The adjustment plate125can include a generally linear and horizontal aperture through which the adjustment rod124can move horizontally.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a first large wheel130, a second large wheel131, a first attachment plate128, and a second attachment plate129. The first and second attachment plates128/129can be mounted to the frame112wherein the first and second large wheels130/131are secured to the frame112via the first and second attachment plates128/129respectively. The large wheels130/131can be located at or near the corner of the frame112where the first side160and the second side162meet. However, according to some embodiments, the large wheels130/131can be located at any suitable location. According to some embodiments, the first and second large wheels130/131are transportation wheels and can be pneumatic and can include a rubber tire such that they are able to traverse an abundance of terrain and/or surfaces as well as being able to traverse uneven obstacles such as stairs, ramps (including a ramp to load enter a truck), bumps, driveways, outdoor areas at a construction site (which could include concrete, dirt, grass, and the like), and the like. Additionally, the fact that the first and second large wheels130/131include pneumatic, rubber tires allows for the device to easily enter and exit an elevator. According to some embodiments, each of the first and second large wheels130/131can be a 10-inch wheel. While the first and second large wheels130/131are pneumatic, rubber, 10-inch tires according to some embodiments, any suitable style, type, material, and/or size wheel could be used. Additionally, according to some embodiments, any suitable number of large wheels130/131could be included.

According to some embodiments, the first and second large wheels130/131are identical mirrors of each other. According to some embodiments, the first and second attachment plates128/129are identical mirrors of each other.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a brake assembly142having a brake handle126wherein the brake assembly142is mounted on or near the second attachment plate129and a portion of the brake assembly142is, at times, in operable communication and/or contact with the second large wheel131. While, according to some embodiments, the brake assembly142of the embodiment ofFIGS.1-5is mounted on or near the second attachment plate129and a portion of the brake assembly142is operably connected to the second large wheel131, the brake assembly142could be mounted on or near the first attachment plate128and a portion of said brake assembly142be operably connected to the first large wheel130. Additionally, according to some embodiments, two brake assemblies142could be included, wherein one is mounted on or near the first attachment plate128and a portion of said brake assembly142is operably connected to the first large wheel130and the other is mounted on or near the second attachment plate129and a portion of that brake assembly is operably connected to the second large wheel131. The brake assembly142and brake handle126are configured such that a user can access and/or manipulate the brake handle126to cause a portion of the brake assembly142to forcibly contact the operably connected large wheel which causes said large wheel to brake, thereby causing the device100to brake.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a first lower rear wheel assembly134and a second lower rear wheel assembly135wherein the first lower rear wheel assembly134includes a first lower rear wheel132and the second lower rear wheel assembly135includes a second lower rear wheel133. The first and second lower rear wheel assemblies134/135can be mounted to a portion of the frame112. The first lower rear wheel assembly134(and the first lower rear wheel132) can be positioned adjacent to the first large wheel130. The second lower rear wheel assembly135(and the second lower rear wheel133) can be positioned adjacent to the second large wheel131. According to some embodiments, the first lower rear wheel132, second lower rear wheel133, first lower rear wheel assembly134, and second lower rear wheel assembly135can be located at or near the corner of the frame112formed where the first side160and the second side162meet. However, according to some embodiments, the first lower rear wheel132, second lower rear wheel133, first lower rear wheel assembly134, and second lower rear wheel assembly135can be located at any suitable location. The first and second lower rear wheel assemblies134/135can be spring loaded and can be raised and/or lowered by a user. When the first and second lower rear wheel assemblies134/135are lowered such that they engage and/or are in contact with the ground and are in use, they allow for sideways motion of the device100. The first and second lower rear wheels132/133can be casters and/or swivel wheels according to some embodiments, however, any suitable type of wheel could be used. The first and second lower rear wheels132/133can be 2-inch, 2.5-inch, and/or any other suitable size. The first and second lower rear wheel assemblies134/135can measure 13 inches in length and/or be any other suitable length and/or size. The first lower rear wheel assembly134can include a first lower rear lock156and the second lower rear wheel assembly135can include a second lower rear lock158. The first lower rear lock156can be used to lock the first lower rear wheel assembly134in place such that the first lower rear wheel132is either locked in the raised position (not in contact with the ground) or in the lowered position (in contact with the ground), whichever is desired. In the same way, the second lower rear lock158can be used to lock the second lower rear wheel assembly135in place such that the second lower rear wheel133is either locked in the raised position (not in contact with the ground) or in the lowered position (in contact with the ground). Additionally, according to some embodiments, any suitable number of lower rear wheels132/133and/or lower rear wheel assemblies134/135could be included. The lower rear wheels132/133are transportation wheels.

According to some embodiments, the first and second lower rear wheel assemblies134/135are identical mirrors of each other. According to some embodiments, the first and second lower rear wheels132/133are identical mirrors of each other.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a carrying arm117that comprises a foot member138. The foot member138is configured to receive at least a portion of an object/door. The foot member138is detachable/removable such that it can be detached/removed from the carrying arm117and/or device100. For example, the foot member138can be removed and/or detached from the carrying arm117and/or device100in circumstances where there is shallow distance between the floor and the bottom of the object/door secured by the device100. The foot member138can be removed/detached at any time and/or for any reason. The foot member138can include a platform and/or pocket wherein the object/door can rest on the foot member138such that the foot member138at least partially supports the object/door and/or can provide some stability to the object/door. In addition to the fulcrum frame120, adjustable member122, the two fulcrum blocks140, the fulcrum bar141, the side adjustment rod124, the adjustment plate125, and the lower adjustment rod154, the foot member138is another component of the device100that can be used to adjust the height, alignment, angle, and/or position (horizontal and/or vertical) of the carrying arm117. The foot member138can facilitate movement of the carrying arm117(including an object/door secured in/on the carrying arm117) such as adjustment of the height, alignment, angle, and/or position (vertical and/or horizontal) of the carrying arm117(and thereby the object/door). The foot member138can also facilitate tilting/swinging of the carrying arm117such that the angle of the carrying arm117(and thereby the object/door is adjusted). The foot member is capable of tilting/swinging the carrying arm117(and thereby the object/door) in at least two planes, including at least a generally vertical plane and a generally horizontal plane. The foot member138can include a protective lining, such as rubber or any other suitable material, wherein an object/door received by the foot member138is protected from damage. Thus, the device100can be used to secure, store, transport, uninstall, and/or install a finished and/or pre-finished product without fear of damaging said product.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a lower adjustment rod154that is mounted to the frame112and is in operable communication and/or contact with at least a portion of the carrying arm117and/or the object/door secured by the carrying arm117. In addition to the fulcrum frame120, adjustable member122, the two fulcrum blocks140, the fulcrum bar141, the side adjustment rod124, the adjustment plate125, and the foot member138, the lower adjustment rod154is another component of the device100that can be used to adjust the height, alignment, angle, and/or position (horizontal and/or vertical) of the carrying arm117. According to some embodiments, the lower adjustment rod154is a twistable rod/screw-like element that can extend and/or retract to move the carrying arm117and/or the object/door. The lower adjustment rod154can be extended and/or retracted in a horizontal direction. The lower adjustment rod154can further be in contact with at least a portion of the carrying arm117such that when the lower adjustment rod154extends and/or retracts, the carrying arm117is forced to move accordingly. According to some embodiments, the lower adjustment rod154can be used to adjust the horizontal positioning and/or the angle of the carrying arm117, and thereby any object/door being supported by the carrying arm117. In this way, the carrying arm117and/or object/door can be tilted and/or swung in at least two planes, including at least a generally vertical plane and a generally horizontal plane. While the lower adjustment rod154of the embodiment ofFIGS.1-5is a twistable screw/rod-type member, any suitable component that could be used to adjust the positioning of the carrying arm117could be included.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a first adjustable leg146and a second adjustable leg147extending from the first side160of the frame112. The adjustable legs146/147can extend at a perpendicular angle from the carrying arm117and the second side162of the frame112such that the frame112and/or device100generally takes the shape of the capital letter “L”. The adjustable legs146/147provide the ability for the device to be used with different size objects/doors. Hence, the adjustable legs146/147can be extended when receiving a large object/door and can be retracted when receiving a smaller object/door. According to some embodiments, the device100is capable of lifting, securing, holding, transporting, uninstalling, and/or installing large objects/doors. For example, the device100is capable of lifting, securing, holding, transporting, uninstalling, and/or installing a door with dimensions up to 8 feet×4 feet×2 inches. Each of the adjustable legs146/147can be slidably connected to a protrusion of the first side160of the frame112wherein each protrusion includes at least one hole and/or aperture. Each of the adjustable legs146/147can include a plurality of holes and/or apertures wherein one of the holes/apertures of each of the adjustable legs146/147can be aligned with the hole/aperture on one of the protrusions of the frame112so that the adjustable legs146/147achieve a desired length. A first holding pin144can be used to lock the first adjustable leg146at a desired length by extending the first holding pin144through a hole/aperture of the first adjustable leg146and a hole/aperture of one of the protrusions of the frame112. In the same way, a second holding pin145can be used to lock the second adjustable leg147at a desired length by extending the second holding pin145through a hole/aperture of the second adjustable leg147and a hole/aperture of the other protrusion of the frame112.

According to some embodiments, the first and second adjustable legs146/147are identical mirrors of each other. According to some embodiments, the first and second holding pins144/145are identical mirrors of each other.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a first front wheel148and a second front wheel149, each mounted to the distal end of one of the adjustable legs146/147. According to some embodiments, each of the front wheels148/149are 5-inch casters and/or swivel wheels, however, any suitable style, type, and/or size of wheel could be used. The front wheels148/149are transportation wheels and can be located at or near the distal end of the first side160of the frame112. However, according to some embodiments, the upper wheels148/149can be located at any point along the first side160of the frame112. The device100is configured such that it can stand and/or be transported in a vertical position and/or in a horizontal position. The device100can stand and/or be transported in a vertical position wherein the first side160of the frame112is parallel with the ground and the first and second front wheels148/149and the large wheels130/131(and in some instances the first and second lower rear wheels132/133) are in contact with the ground and provide support and/or movement for the device100. The vertical position is shown inFIGS.1-3. The device100can also stand and/or be transported in a horizontal position wherein the second side162of the frame112is parallel with the ground and the first and second upper wheels118/119and the large wheels130/131are in contact with the ground and provide support and/or movement for the device100. The horizontal position is shown inFIGS.4and5. Being able to stand and/or be transported (and thereby transport an object/door) in a vertical or horizontal position renders the device100to be highly versatile and easily transportable in many different situations. For example, being able to travel vertically or horizontally, combined with the use of the large wheels130/131, allows the device100, and objects/doors that the device100is carrying, to easily enter and exit an elevator, to easily maneuver in tight spaces, and to easily maneuver across different terrain and situations including but not limited to, hallways, doorways, tunnels, stairs, ramps (including a ramp used to enter a truck), driveways, outdoor areas, dirt, grass, construction site areas, and the like. Additionally, according to some embodiments, any suitable number of front wheels148/149could be included.

According to some embodiments, the first and second front wheels148/149are identical mirrors of each other.

The embodiment shown inFIGS.1-5includes a lower securing assembly136that comprises a first lower securing wheel150, a second lower securing wheel151, a first stabilizing arm152, and a second stabilizing arm153. The first stabilizing arm152can be mounted on a distal end of the first adjustable leg146. The second stabilizing arm153can be mounted on a distal end of the second adjustable leg147. The first securing wheel150can be mounted on the first stabilizing arm152and the second securing wheel151can be mounted on the second stabilizing arm153. The first and second lower securing wheels150/151can extend toward each other such that they are opposing surfaces wherein an object/door could be inserted between the first and second lower securing wheels150/151. The first and second lower securing wheels150/151are configured to work in combination to receive at least a portion of an object/door. The first and second lower securing wheels150/151and the securing mechanism114can simultaneously receive, secure, and/or hold an object/door wherein the first and second lower securing wheels150/151receive, secure, and/or hold one end of the object/door and the securing mechanism114receives, secures, and/or holds the other end of the object/door. According to some embodiments, the first and second lower securing wheels150/151can be 2.75-inch swivel wheels. While the lower securing assembly136ofFIGS.1-5includes two wheels as opposing surfaces, any suitable apparatus or method of securing an object/door could be used. For example, different styles, types, and/or sizes of wheels could be used. Any opposing surfaces, regardless of whether they are wheels, could be used. For instance, holding cams similar to the securing mechanism114of the embodiment ofFIGS.1-5could be used. Further, any type of suitable securing mechanism, regardless of opposing surfaces could be used. Additionally, according to some embodiments, the lower securing wheels150/151can include a protective lining, such as rubber or any other suitable material wherein an object/door received by the lower securing wheels150/151is not damaged. Thus, the device100can be used to secure, store, transport, uninstall, and/or install a finished product without fear of damaging said product. The stabilizing arms152/153can be 10 inches in length and can be spring loaded. However, according to the some embodiments, the stabilizing arms152/153can be of any length, size, and/or nature.

According to some embodiments, the first and second lower securing wheels150/151are identical mirrors of each other. According to some embodiments, the first and second stabilizing arms152/153are identical mirrors of each other.

As shown inFIGS.6-8, the device100optionally includes a clamp168. The clamp168, according to some embodiments, comprises a clamp body170, a first clamp leg172, a second clamp leg174, a third clamp leg176, a first clamp lever178, a second clamp lever180, and a third clamp lever182. Each of the first, second, and third clamp legs172/174/176can include an end member that contacts an object/door to be secured and/or held in place. The clamp168is configured to receive at least a portion of an object/door via any combination of its first, second, and/or third legs172/174/176. Thus, the clamp168is configured to squeeze, secure, hold in place, move, align, adjust, and/or position an object/door, which can be at least partially held by the carrying arm117and/or device100. The securing mechanism can simultaneously receive at least a portion of the object/door. The end member of each of the first, second, and third clamp legs172/174/176can include a protective lining such as rubber or any other suitable material. Thus, there is no risk of any object/door suffering any damage by using the device100to lift, hold, store, transport, uninstall, and/or install said object/door. Therefore, the device100can be used to lift, hold, store, transport, uninstall, and/or install any object/door without fear that said object/door will suffer any sort of damage.

The clamp168and/or clamp body170can be a C-clamp and/or any other suitable type of clamp and/or component capable of securing and/or holding an object/door. For example, the clamp168could be a clam-type clamp and/or could be similar to the securing mechanism114. The clamp168shown inFIGS.6-8includes a C-shaped clamp body170. The first and second clamp legs172/174can be positioned on each end of the clamp body170and can be parallel and opposing, such that the two clamp legs172/174can be rotated to extend toward each other to squeeze, secure, and/or hold in place an object/door between them. The first and second clamp legs172/174can also be rotated to move away from each other such that an object can be unsecured and/or moved as well as inserted and/or removed into/from the clamp168. The first clamp leg172can be rotated via a first clamp lever178wherein rotation of the first clamp lever178can move the first clamp leg172in two different directions along a single plane. The second clamp leg174can be rotated via a second clamp lever180wherein rotation of the second clamp lever180can move the second clamp leg174in two different directions along a single plane.

InFIGS.6-8, the clamp168is shown to include a third clamp leg176and a third clamp lever182. The third clamp leg176can be rotated via a third clamp lever182wherein rotation of the third clamp lever182can move the third clamp leg176in two different directions along a single plane. As shown inFIGS.6-8, the third clamp leg176can be movable in a plane perpendicular to that of the first and second clamp legs172/174. The third clamp leg176can be rotated such that it extends toward the meeting point of the first and second clamp legs172/174. Thus, the first, second, and third clamp legs172/174/176can extend such that all three meet at a point and/or wherein all three can squeeze, secure, and/or hold an object/door in place. Additionally, according to some embodiments, the third clamp leg176and third clamp lever182can be one and the same element as the lower adjustment rod154. According to some embodiments, as shown inFIG.9, the third clamp leg176and third clamp lever182can be different than the lower adjustment rod154.

According to some embodiments, the clamp168is removable/detachable from the device100. According to some embodiments, the clamp168is adjustable such that it can be slid up and/or down the carrying arm117and/or device100to adjust the vertical position of the clamp168. The horizontal position of the clamp168can also be adjustable. The clamp168can also be tilted such that the plane upon which it secures an object/door can be adjusted. Additionally, according to some embodiments, in circumstances when the foot member138is removed, the clamp168can be helpful in securing a bottom portion of an object/door.

According to some embodiments, all elements of the device100that could potentially contact at least a portion of an object/door that is being lifted, held, stored, transported, uninstalled, and/or installed using the device100can include a protective lining such as rubber or any other suitable material. Thus, there is no risk of any object/door suffering any damage by using the device100to lift, hold, store, transport, uninstall, and/or install said object/door. Therefore, the device100can be used to lift, hold, store, transport, uninstall, and/or install any object/door without fear that said object/door will suffer any sort of damage.

Therefore, as understood from the present disclosure, the jack and dolly device disclosed herein provides increased efficiency and productivity in storage, transportation, uninstallation, and installation of heavy objects such as a door. This increase in efficiency and productivity stems, at least in part, from the jack and dolly device providing the ability for a single person to easily load, lift, store, install hardware upon, transport, uninstall, position, and/or install a heavy object without the need for help from additional people. The increase in efficiency and productivity also stems, at least in part, from the fact that the device can hold an object, such as a door, in place during the installation process and/or during any kind of machining performed on the object. The device further allows for easy transportation of objects over many types of terrain and other situations such as outdoor areas (dirt, grass, concrete, and the like), tight hallways, elevators, driveways, stairs, ramps, and the like. The device also provides for easy maneuverability across these same types of different terrain and situations. The device also provides the ability to store, transport, uninstall, and/or install an object without damaging the object. Thus, the device allows for use with finished products without fear of said products suffering any damage. The device also eliminates and/or reduces the likelihood and/or number of injuries in that use of the device eliminates and/or reduces heavy lifting to be performed by a user. The device is also durable and fire resistant. The device is also capable of lifting, holding, securing, storing, transporting, uninstalling, and/or installing heavy objects/doors. The device is also capable of functioning as a work station wherein the device can act as a clamp to securely hold an object/door so that a user can perform actions on the object/door.

The jack and dolly device100ofFIGS.1-9is shown in an operating position inFIGS.10-11. In particular, an operator191secures a heavy door190to the jack and dolly device100using at least one strap192, as shown inFIG.10. The heavy door190is secured in an upright position between the front wheels148,149and is transported while the jack and dolly device100is in a horizontal position, as shown inFIG.11. This allows the heavy door to fit between other narrow openings, e.g., through a left-side door of double doors commonly found in American schools. As shown inFIG.11, the right-side door196can remain shut while the heavy door190being transported moves through only the left-side door opening.

Another embodiment of a jack and dolly device200is shown inFIGS.12-13. It is to be appreciated that the jack and dolly device200can include any one or more components or any combination of components of the jack and dolly device100as described above.

For example, the embodiment ofFIGS.12-13explicitly shows, at least: a frame212, securing mechanism214, knob216, carrying arm217, first upper wheel218, second upper wheel219, fulcrum frame220, adjustable member222(associated with fulcrum), at least one side adjustment rod224A,224B, at least one adjustment plate225A,225B, first attachment plate228, second attachment plate229, a first large wheel230, a second large wheel231, first lower rear wheel232, a foot member238, a fulcrum block240, a fulcrum bar241, a first adjustable leg246, a second adjustable leg247, a first front wheel248, a second front wheel249, a first stabilizing arm252, a second stabilizing arm253, a lower adjustment rod254, a first diagonal bar264, a second diagonal bar266, at least one clamp leg276, and at least one clamp lever282, which correspond and accomplish similar functions as the frame112, securing mechanism114, knob116, carrying arm117, first upper wheel118, second upper wheel119, fulcrum frame120, adjustable member122(associated with fulcrum), side adjustment rod124, adjustment plate125, first attachment plate128, second attachment plate129, a first large wheel130, a second large wheel131, first lower rear wheel132, a foot member138, a fulcrum block140, a fulcrum bar141, a first adjustable leg146, a second adjustable leg147, a first front wheel148, a second front wheel149, a first stabilizing arm152, a second stabilizing arm153, a lower adjustment rod154, a first diagonal bar164, a second diagonal bar166, the clamp legs172,174,176, and clamp levers178,180,182, respectively.

Additionally, the jack and dolly device200employs two front wheel extenders205,210which are mounted to the stabilizing arms252,253via upper mounting plates201,206. Pillars202,207are fastened to fasteners204,209and attach the upper mounting plates201,206to lower mounting plates203,208. The extenders205,210utilize the pillars202,207to create distance between the front wheels248,249and the stabilizing arms252,253. This minimizes the size of the front wheels248,249so that these wheels are less susceptible to breaking. It is to be appreciated that, as shown, the extenders205,210are rotatable, thereby allowing for the eliminate of at least two of the front wheels. Additionally, in some embodiments, the pillars202,207are extendable, which helps secure doors of different sizes.

The frame212also differs in that the carrying arms217are pushed outwardly and an additional inner square frame291is included to help stabilize heavy objects that are laid on top of the dolly200while the dolly200is in a horizontal position. It can also allow for objects to be wedged within the square frame member291at an angle. Additionally, the frame212can include an additional vertical support member292that attaches to the square frame member291and the foot member238and an additional horizontal support member293that helps further reinforce the carrying arms217.

Additionally, the jack and dolly device200is given greater symmetry in that an additional adjustment rod224B and adjusting plate225B on the side of the jack and dolly device200opposite the where the first adjustment rod224A and adjusting plate225A were included.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention accomplishes at least all of the stated objectives.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

The following table of reference characters and descriptors are not exhaustive, nor limiting, and include reasonable equivalents. If possible, elements identified by a reference character below and/or those elements which are near ubiquitous within the art can replace or supplement any element identified by another reference character.

GLOSSARY

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used above have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of the present invention pertain.

The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” include both singular and plural referents.

The term “or” is synonymous with “and/or” and means any one member or combination of members of a particular list.

The terms “invention” or “present invention” are not intended to refer to any single embodiment of the particular invention but encompass all possible embodiments as described in the specification and the claims.

The term “about” as used herein refers to slight variations in numerical quantities with respect to any quantifiable variable. Inadvertent error can occur, for example, through use of typical measuring techniques or equipment or from differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of components.

The term “substantially” refers to a great or significant extent. “Substantially” can thus refer to a plurality, majority, and/or a supermajority of said quantifiable variable, given proper context.

The term “generally” encompasses both “about” and “substantially.”

The term “configured” describes structure capable of performing a task or adopting a particular configuration. The term “configured” can be used interchangeably with other similar phrases, such as “constructed”, “arranged”, “adapted”, “manufactured”, and the like.

Terms characterizing sequential order, a size, a position, and/or an orientation are only referenced according to the views presented, and, in some circumstances, such terms are only used to differentiate between elements. Such terms are not limiting.

The “scope” of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The scope of the invention is further qualified as including any possible modification to any of the aspects and/or embodiments disclosed herein which would result in other embodiments, combinations, subcombinations, or the like that would be obvious to those skilled in the art.

As used herein, the term “exemplary” refers to an example, an instance, or an illustration, and does not indicate a most preferred embodiment unless otherwise stated.