An expandable capacity album or binder for storing and displaying artwork or photographs retains the appearance of a library bound hardcover book at any state of expansion. The front cover and back cover are hinged to a spine which has page retaining channels that allow looseleaf pages to be inserted into or removed from the album. Together, the spine and the channels are adjustable so that the album will expand and contract for different capacities. The outside of the album is covered with leather or cloth to give the album the appearance of a library bound hardcover book. In between the spine and the covering is a resilient material such as plastic foam which can compress or expand so that the covering will always look properly fitted to the spine even when the spine is expanded or contracted to change the capacity of the album. In this way the album maintains its library bound appearance at any state of expansion. Additionally, there may be a layer of fibrous batting or other padding between the resilient material and the covering which may also extend between the covering and the front and back covers, giving the spine and the covers a high quality padded look and feel.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to albums or binders for the storage and display of 
material, such as artwork or photographs. More particularly, it relates to 
an album with expandable capacity that has the appearance of a bound book 
at any state of expansion. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART 
A very important aspect of the present invention is that it provides an 
expandable spine for a volume for use as an album or binder that has the 
external appearance of a bound book. The spine of a bound book is 
characterized by a continuous, unbroken surface across the back of the 
binding. Different styles of book bindings are marked by different 
stylistic details, such as the raised ribs across the back of a hand-sewn 
flexible binding or the French grooves at the joint between the spine and 
covers of a library bound book. However, all of these styles share the 
unifying characteristic of a continuous, unbroken surface across the back 
of the binding. There are no assembly joints or exposed hardware on the 
spine of a book to mar its appearance. This bound book appearance is 
desirable for albums and binders because it offers the most aesthetic 
presentation for the materials contained. This aspect is especially 
important for the displaying of valuable artwork or photographs with great 
sentimental value such as wedding photographs where anything less than a 
high quality bound book appearance would detract from the presentation. 
The bound book appearance would also be important for binders or albums 
used as "coffee table books" which are used to display artwork, prints or 
photographs in people's homes. The desirability of this feature should be 
kept in mind while reading the following discussion of the prior art. 
LOOSE-LEAF PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS--Albums and binders for storing and displaying 
materials, such as artwork, photographs or memorabilia, are well known. 
One style of professional photograph album constitutes a loose-leaf binder 
with individual photo-holding pages having hinge rods that are inserted 
into hinge retainers on the spine of the binder. The individual pages may 
be removed from the album for separate mounting of the photographs, then 
the pages may be replaced by reinserting the hinge rods into the hinge 
retainers. Many variations of this concept have been patented. U.S. Pat. 
No. 1,399,016 to Jones shows an album of this type where the hinge rods of 
the loose-leaf pages have heads that may be inserted or removed through 
key slots in the hinge retainers. U.S. Pat. No. 1,279,673 to Dobersch 
discloses an album wherein the hinge rods are inserted into grooves in the 
hinge retainers through an entrance in the side of the retainer. The 
entrance to the groove can be closed by a hasp or other closure means. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,469,333 to Roberts describes an album with special 
photo-holding pages that may be inserted into the slotted hinge retainers 
by bending the hinge rods. U.S. Pat. No. 4,993,750 to Hoffmeister and 
Holson describes an album of the same general type in several embodiments 
that have different closures incorporated into the hinge retainers so that 
the hinge rods can be inserted without bending them. 
Loose-leaf albums such as these may be constructed in such a way that on 
the exterior they resemble a bound book. However, a distinct disadvantage 
of these prior art albums is that they are made to contain a specific 
number of pages. If the user wishes to add more pages, the album must be 
replaced with one of greater capacity. Besides the inconvenience to the 
user, this inflexibility also presents an inconvenience to the 
manufacturer and the seller in that they must either inventory binders 
with every possible increment of page capacity, or they must custom 
manufacture different sized albums for each customer's order. Either of 
these solutions causes inefficiencies in production that are likely to 
result in higher cost and long delays for delivery to the customer. 
EXPANDABLE BINDERS--Other types of loose-leaf binders commonly used for 
binding printed material have expandable spines so that the capacity of 
the binders can be increased or decreased to match the volume of material 
contained. Various types of retaining means are used to hold the pages in 
these binders. U.S. Pat. No. 3,785,740 to Strong describes a ring binder 
with expandable capacity. U.S. Pat. No. 3,734,634 to Fenston describes an 
expandable loose-leaf binder where the pages are held by semicylindrical 
pins which coact to provide cylindrical posts for retaining the pages. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,143 to Federbush et al. describes an expandable post 
binder that has overlapping rear flanges along the spine. All of these 
expandable binders share the drawback that they do not have the appearance 
of a bound book. On some, the screws or clamps that operate the expansion 
mechanism can be seen exposed on the binding. Even on high quality 
expandable binders where all of the hardware is hidden, the overlapping 
expansion joints visible on the spine reveal that it is a binder and not a 
bound book. This may be acceptable for the storage of journals or other 
printed material, but it detracts from the aesthetic appearance of the 
binder. This makes it less suitable for displaying valuable artwork or 
photographs with great sentimental value such as wedding photographs. 
EXPANDABLE PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS--A number of attempts have been made to 
combine the functions of loose-leaf photo albums with expandable binders. 
In the TAP Lock-Leaf album made by the Taprell Loomis Co., each individual 
page has a double hinge member which attaches it to the previous page and 
to the next page. Complete albums are built up by locking the desired 
number of pages together, then attaching front and back covers that have a 
single hinge member. The hinge members are completely exposed on the 
spine, so the finished album does not resemble a bound book. The Encore 
album, also from Taprell Loomis, is an expandable post bound loose-leaf 
photo album. An attempt is made to give the album a bound book appearance 
by providing it with an expanding backstrip that covers the spine. 
However, the bound book appearance is marred by two visible expansion 
joints where the backstrip inserts into the front and back covers of the 
album. U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,332 to Holes et al. describes an expandable 
loose-leaf photo album where the individual pages are held together by 
flexible straps that pass through U-shaped hinges on the pages. A flexible 
hinge cover inserts into pockets in the front and back covers. Again, the 
bound book appearance is marred by the visible joints where the hinge 
cover inserts into the front and back covers. Despite these attempts, none 
of the prior art has provided an expandable loose-leaf album or binder 
that truly has a bound book appearance. 
OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES 
In accordance with the foregoing discussion, it is a principle objective of 
the present invention to provide a loose-leaf album or binder in which 
individual pages can be inserted and removed. It is also an objective to 
provide an album or binder with expandable capacity so that it can be 
expanded or contracted to match the volume of material contained. It is an 
overall objective of the invention to provide an expandable binder that 
has a bound book appearance at any state of expansion for optimal 
presentation of the materials contained. It is a further objective of the 
invention that, by providing an album with expandable capacity, that it 
will simplify manufacturing, inventory and delivery of albums because only 
a few sizes of albums will have to be supplied to accommodate all possible 
capacities. 
One advantage of the present invention is that the content of the album can 
be expanded or updated at any time by adding more pages to the album 
without the need to substitute a larger binder for the added capacity. 
Another advantage is that when the capacity of the album is adjusted to 
match the volume of the contents, the front and back covers will be 
parallel to one another like the covers of a book. By contrast, most 
standard albums and binders will have a triangular profile if they are not 
filled to capacity or, worse yet, a fan-shaped profile if they are 
overfilled. For this reason, standard albums and binders often do not 
stack well or fit neatly between other books on a shelf. The present 
invention not only improves the appearance of the album, but also makes it 
more convenient, more compact and more stable for shelf storage whether it 
is placed upright or lying flat. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In keeping with these objectives, the present invention takes the form of 
an expandable spine that may be incorporated into a loose-leaf photograph 
album or binder. The spine has an expansion means which allows the user to 
increase or decrease the capacity of the spine to match the volume of the 
contents. A flexible material covers the spine to give it the appearance 
of a bound book. Between the expansion means and the flexible material is 
a resilient material that serves as a means to compensate for the change 
in width of the spine so that the flexible material remains smoothly 
fitted to the spine. In this way the spine maintains the appearance of a 
bound book at any state of expansion. An album incorporating the spine 
also includes a page retaining means which is attached to the spine and a 
front and back cover which are hinged to the spine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The versatility of the present invention lends itself to many possible 
embodiments. The presently preferred embodiment of the invention takes the 
form of a loose-leaf photograph album with a spine that expands and 
contracts to change the capacity of the album to match the volume of the 
contents. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an album built in accordance 
with the presently preferred embodiment. The album has a front cover 27 
and a back cover 28 which are hinged to an expandable spine 10. The covers 
27, 28 and the spine 10 are covered with a flexible material 25 that forms 
a smooth, continuous surface across the back of the spine 10, which gives 
the album the appearance of a bound book. The preferred embodiment also 
includes a decorative inlay 40 which is inset into the front cover 27 of 
the album. Decorative beading 45 borders the inlay 40 further enhancing 
its visual appeal. Other areas may be provided for printing names on the 
cover or affixing other indicia. 
A plurality of individual page inserts 29 are held in the album by a page 
retaining means, which in this view is covered by an extension of the 
flexible material 25 which forms a decorative end panel 34. The width of 
the spine 10 can be expanded or contracted to accommodate a greater or 
lesser number of page inserts 29, and the spine 10 will maintain its bound 
book appearance. 
To understand the operation of the expandable spine 10, please refer to 
FIGS. 2 and 3 which show the album in cross section. The spine 10 is 
composed of two spine plates 11, 12 that move in sliding relation to one 
another to allow expansion of the spine 10. This arrangement allows the 
volume of the album to expand to almost double its original capacity. For 
example, in one model of this embodiment, the width of the spine can 
expand from 23/4 inches to 5 inches. A locking mechanism 17 holds the two 
spine plates 11, 12 together and prevents them from sliding once the spine 
10 has been adjusted to the desired width. The locking mechanism may be 
one or more recessed screws 17 that fasten the two overlapping spine 
plates 11, 12 to one another through a series of spaced apart holes 18. 
The spacing of the holes 18 should be such that each incremental 
adjustment in the width of the spine 10 corresponds to an integral number 
of page inserts. Alternatively, the holes 18 may be replaced with one or 
more slots that allow continuous adjustment of the width of the spine 10 
throughout its range. Also, a quick release mechanism, such as a camlock, 
may be used in place of the locking screws 17 so that the width of the 
spine 10 may be quickly and easily adjusted without the use of tools. 
Across the back of the spine 10 is at least one layer of resilient material 
23. The resilient material 23 is coextensive with the two spine plates 11, 
12 when the spine 10 is at its greatest expansion, as in FIG. 2, and a 
covering of flexible material 25 is fitted to the spine 10 to give it the 
appearance of a bound book. When the width of the spine 10 is contracted, 
as in FIG. 3, the resilient material 23 compensates for the change in 
width of the spine 10, keeping the flexible material 25 taut and smooth 
across the back of the spine 10. Thus, the spine 10 may be expanded and 
contracted while maintaining the appearance of a bound book, and there is 
no exposed hardware or expansion joint to mar its appearance. 
The preferred material for the resilient layer 23 is plastic foam, but 
other resilient materials such as fibrous batting, foam rubber, elastomers 
or even a thin spring of a polymer or metal would serve the same purpose. 
The preferred material for the flexible covering 25 is soft glove leather 
though many other woven, nonwoven and synthetic materials may be used for 
a different visual effect or for economic or structural reasons. 
Optionally, there may also be a layer of padding material 24 such as 
plastic foam or fibrous batting between the resilient material 23 and the 
flexible material 25. If desired, the padding material 24 may also extend 
into the space between the flexible material 25 and the front and back 
covers 27, 28 to give the spine 10 and the covers 27, 28 a high quality 
padded look and feel. 
In the preferred embodiment of the spine 10, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the 
resilient material is a layer of plastic foam 23 which is preshaped so 
that it is flat on the side facing the spine plates 11, 12 and has a 
convex curve on the side facing away from the spine plates 11, 12. Over 
the plastic foam 23 is a layer of foam or fiberfill padding 24, which in 
turn is covered with the flexible material 25 to form a continuous, 
uninterrupted surface across the back of the spine 10. The plastic foam 23 
is precompressed slightly during assembly; its uncompressed shape is shown 
by phantom line 39 in FIG. 1. When the width of the spine 10 is 
contracted, as in FIG. 3, the foam 23 compresses in the direction parallel 
to the spine plates 11, 12 and expands in the direction perpendicular to 
them, keeping the flexible material 25 smooth across the back of the spine 
10. 
FIG. 4 shows a view of the interior of the loose-leaf photograph album. The 
front cover 27 and a back cover 28 of the album are hinged to the spine 10 
so the album can be opened up flat for viewing. In the preferred 
embodiment, the hinging means is a pair continuous hinges 19, 20 of the 
type known as piano hinges, which are made integral with the spine plates 
11, 12. The front and back covers 27, 28 of the album are made of a 
relatively stiff material, such as plastics, metals, fibrous materials, 
wood or wood laminates that are suitable for the covers. 
The preferred embodiment includes a page retaining means which comprises a 
pair of channel members 35, 36 on the top and bottom of the spine 10. Each 
of the channel members 35, 36 includes an inner channel 13, 15 and an 
outer channel 14, 16 that move in sliding relation to one another. The 
inner channels 13, 15 are attached to one of the spine plates 11, and 
outer channels 14, 16 are attached to the other spine plate 12 so that 
when the spine 10 is adjusted, the channel members 35, 36 telescope to the 
proper length to match the desired width of the spine 10. Preferably, the 
channel members 35, 36 are formed integrally with the spine plates 11, 12, 
as shown. Alternatively, the channel members 35, 36 may be formed 
separately and attached to the spine plates 11, 12 by suitable means. The 
spine plates 11, 12 and the channel members 35, 36 may be made of sheet 
metal or plastic or other suitable materials that are rigid enough to 
support the weight of the pages. 
FIG. 5 shows how a loose-leaf page insert 29 is held in the album by 
inserting the hinge rod 30 into the channel member 36. An opening 38 at 
the end of the channel member 36 allows the hinge rods 30 to be inserted 
or removed. A closure means 26 is provided to close off the opening 38 in 
the end of the channel member 36. The closure means in the preferred 
embodiment is a removable pin or set screw 26 which closes the end of the 
channel 36 so that the hinge rods 30 will be contained within the channel 
36. Other suitable closure means may be used in place of the set screws 26 
to close the ends of the channel members 36. 
Another feature of the preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. A 
decorative end panel 34 is formed by an extension of the flexible material 
25 which wraps around the ends of the spine 10 to cover the channel 
members 35 so that the inside of the album is as aesthetically pleasing as 
the outside. In order to accommodate the telescoping action of the channel 
members 35, the flexible material 25 must be made expandable where it 
covers the channels 35. This is done by gathering the material 25 and 
sewing it to a piece of elastic 31. The preferred method is to stretch a 
piece of elastic 31, preferably woven elastic, an appropriate amount and 
to sew it to the edge of the flexible material 25 with a seam 32 that has 
a zigzag section 33 in the center of it, as can be seen in FIG. 7. The 
edge of the flexible material 25 with the elastic 31 attached is folded 
over the edge of the channel 35 and held in place with tabs 37 with a 
hook-and-loop fastener, such as Velcro.TM., attached. In place of or in 
addition to the hook-and-loop tabs 37, the pins or set screws 26 that 
close the ends of the channel members 35 may also serve to attach the edge 
of the flexible material 25 to the channel members 35. Alternatively, the 
elastic 31 may be folded over and sewn into a pocket shape which is hooked 
over the edge of the channel 35 to keep it in place. When the spine 10 is 
at its greatest expansion the flexible material 25 is smooth across the 
end of the album as shown in FIG. 6. Then, when the spine is compressed, 
as in FIG. 7, the elastic 31 contracts, and the flexible material 25 
gathers along the zigzag portion 33, resulting in a very attractive 
sunburst pattern on the end panel 34 which contributes to the aesthetics 
of the album. 
Many other embodiments of the present invention are possible. One such 
alternate embodiment is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. In this embodiment, the 
spine 10 is made up of two overlapping spine plates 11, 12 which slide 
over one another to allow the spine 10 to expand and contract. The plates 
11, 12 are locked together at the desired width by one or more recessed 
screws 17 that fasten the two overlapping spine plates 11, 12 to one 
another through a series of spaced apart holes 18. 
Along the back of the spine 10 is a layer of plastic foam 23 or other 
resilient material that has a constant thickness. Over the plastic foam 23 
is a layer of foam or fiberfill padding 24 which is covered by the 
flexible material 25 to form a continuous surface across the back of the 
spine 10. When the spine 10 is fully expanded, as in FIG. 8, the plastic 
foam 23 lies flat against the spine plates 11, 12 and the flexible 
material 25 is smooth and relatively straight across the back of the spine 
10. When the width of the spine 10 is contracted, as in FIG. 9, the foam 
23 bows outward from the spine plates 11, 12 forming an arch. The padding 
24 and the flexible material 25 bow outward conforming to the arch in the 
foam 23 which keeps the flexible material 25 smooth across the back of the 
spine 10. 
If desired, the flexible material 25 which covers the spine 10 may be 
extended to also cover the front and back covers 27, 28 of the album or it 
may partially cover them to form what bookbinders call a half binding or 
quarter binding. Other details of the bookbinder's art such as raised ribs 
or French grooves may be added to enhance the bound book appearance of the 
album. The album may be further embellished with toolwork, printing, 
inlays or other decorative features. 
The piano hinges of the preferred embodiment have been replaced by a pair 
of living hinges 41, 42 made of polypropylene or another flexible material 
which joins the front and back covers 27, 28 to the spine plates. 
Alternately, a plurality of smaller hinges may be used in place of the 
living hinges. If desired, a cylindrical piece such as a dowel 43, 44 may 
be added to each side of the spine 10 to maintain the appearance of a 
piano hinge. This is done because it has been found that the cylindrical 
protuberances of the piano hinges in the preferred embodiment help to hold 
the resilient material 23 in place and actually contribute to the bound 
book appearance of the finished album. 
Other alternate embodiments of the spine may use an expansion means other 
than two overlapping spine plates. For example, the spine plates 11, 12 
may be joined with a sliding attachment that does not require them to be 
overlapping or multiple spine plates may be used or the spine may have 
accordion pleats or other means that allow it to expand or the individual 
page inserts may have portions that combine together to form an expanding 
spine. Any of these expansion means could be combined with the resilient 
material 23 and the flexible material 25, as described above, to form an 
expandable spine that has the appearance of a bound book. 
An alternate embodiment of the page retaining means is shown in FIG. 10. In 
this embodiment, the openings 38 at the ends of the channel member 36 each 
have a closure that is made from a torsional spring 46. The coil of the 
spring 46 wraps around the hinge pin 21, 22 of the piano hinge. One end 47 
of each spring 46 extends behind the spine plates 11, 12 and the springs 
46 are biased so that the other ends 48 of the springs 46 bear against the 
ends of the channel 36 with sufficient force to prevent the hinge rods 30 
of the page inserts 29 from escaping the channel 36. A decorative cap 49 
may be added to the end of the spring to facilitate opening access to the 
channel 36 when the user desires to insert or remove pages 29. 
Another possible embodiment of the page retaining means is shown in FIG. 
11. A pair of L-shaped springs 50, 51 serve as closures at the ends of the 
channel member 36. Each of the springs 50, 51 is formed from a flat piece 
of spring steel and attached to the spine plates 11, 12 by spot welding or 
other suitable means. On the inner channel 15 the end of the flat spring 
51 is fastened to the front of the spine plate 11, while on the outer 
channel 16, the spring closure 50 is fastened to the back of the spine 
plate 12 so the springs 50, 51 do not interfere with the sliding action of 
the spine plates 11, 12. The springs 50, 51 are biased so that they bear 
against the ends of the channel 36 with sufficient force to prevent the 
ends of the springs 50, 51 extend slightly beyond channel 36 and have a 
rolled edge to allow easier gripping of the springs 50, 51 for opening 
access to the channel 36 when the user desires to insert or remove pages 
29. 
CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATIONS AND SCOPE 
In conclusion, it can be seen that the present invention provides an 
expandable spine for use with loose-leaf albums and binders that allows 
the user to adjust the capacity to match the volume of the contents, and 
that it accomplishes this while maintaining the outward appearance of a 
bound book at any state of expansion. While a preferred embodiment of the 
invention has been described in great detail, the details given should be 
interpreted merely as examples and not as limitations on the scope of the 
invention. Many variations are possible within the scope of the invention. 
For instance, in alternate embodiments of the invention other page 
retention means may be substituted for the means that have been described. 
Other possible retention means include expandable ring binders, post 
binders with telescoping or semicylindrical posts that allow for 
expansion, clamping mechanisms or other types of page retainers. Each of 
these means may be combined with the present invention to provide an 
expandable binder that has a bound book appearance. Also, while the 
present invention was conceived primarily for the storage and display of 
photographs and other visual materials, the inventor envisions many other 
possible uses of the invention. For instance, an album or binder 
incorporating the present invention may be used for storing other 
materials such printed matter, phonograph records, compact disks, computer 
disks or memorbilia. 
Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended 
claims and their legal equivalents rather than by the examples given.