Dispenser related technology

Refrigerator including a door, a dispenser mounted to the door, the dispenser having a dispensing opening for dispensing content, a button and tray combination device for controlling the dispensing of the content, as well as holding residue from the dispensing opening after the dispensing of the content, and a sensing device for sensing a height of the residue in the button and tray combination device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of the Korean Patent Application No. P2007-0068160, filed on Jul. 6, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to dispenser technology.

BACKGROUND

In general, a refrigerator may include a refrigerating compartment and a freezing compartment. The refrigerating compartment may be maintained at about 3˜4° C. to enable storage of perishable food in a non-frozen state for a relatively long time without substantial spoilage, and the freezing compartment may be maintained at a sub-zero temperature to enable storage of food in a frozen state. A refrigerator may include an ice maker configured to make ice and a dispenser configured to dispense liquid water and ice made by the ice maker.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a refrigerator includes a compartment, a door configured to open and close at least a portion of the compartment, and a dispenser that is positioned on a surface of the door and that is configured to dispense content through a dispenser outlet. The refrigerator also includes a button and tray combination device that is configured to control the dispenser to dispense content through the dispenser outlet and that is configured to receive and store residual content discharged from the dispenser outlet after a container used in actuating the button and tray combination device is moved from beneath the dispenser outlet. The refrigerator further includes a sensing device configured to sense an amount of residual content stored in the button and tray combination device, and a controller configured to perform an operation directed to preventing overflow of the button and tray combination device based on the sensing device sensing that the amount of residual content exceeds a threshold.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, the button and tray combination device may include a button switch configured to control the dispenser to dispense content, a button tray defining a storage space configured to store the residual content, and a tray drive mechanism configured to move the button tray away from the door surface in the absence of force applied to the button tray in a direction that is toward the door surface, and to change a position of the button tray from a misaligned position in which the button tray is misaligned with the dispenser outlet to a receiving position in which the button tray is aligned with and captures content dispensed through the dispenser outlet, where the tray drive mechanism allows the button tray to move into the misaligned position in response to force that is applied to the button tray and where the tray drive mechanism causes the button tray to move into the receiving position in response to removal of force that is applied to promote positioning of the button tray in the misaligned position.

In some implementations, the sensing device includes a sensor configured to sense a height of the residual content stored in the button tray, and the controller is configured to perform the operation directed to preventing overflow of the button and tray combination device based on the sensing device sensing that the height of residual content stored in the button tray exceeds a threshold. In these implementations, the sensor may be an optical sensor including a light emitting element mounted to a first wall of the button tray and a light receiving element mounted to a second wall of the button tray that is opposite of the first wall. The light emitting element may be mounted to a surface of the first wall opposite of the storage space. The first wall may include a light transmission window configured to permit transmission of light from the light emitting element through the first wall.

In some examples, the sensor may be an electrode sensor mounted to a wall of the button tray. The electrode sensor may be mounted to a surface of the wall defining the storage space. The electrode sensor also may include a first electrode of a first length and a second electrode of a second length that is different than the first length. The first electrode may be configured to sense whether residual content stored in the button tray has reached a first level and the second electrode may be configured to sense whether residual content stored in the button tray has reached a second level that is different than the first level. The controller may be configured to compare the sensed height to a threshold height, and to trigger the operation directed to preventing overflow of the button and tray combination device responsive to comparison results demonstrating that the sensed height exceeds the threshold height.

The refrigerator may include an informing device configured to generate a perceivable output. The controller may be configured to control the informing device to generate a perceivable output indicating that the amount of residual content sensed by the sensing device exceeds the threshold. The informing device may be mounted to a tray portion of the button and tray combination device.

In some implementations, the refrigerator may include a discharging device configured to discharge residual content stored in the button and tray combination device from the button and tray combination device. In these implementations, the controller may be configured to control the discharging device to discharge residual content from the button and tray combination device in response to the sensing device sensing that the amount of residual content exceeds the threshold. The discharging device may include a drain valve configured to control a flow of residual content from the button and tray combination device, a motor configured to drive the drain valve, and a drain pipe configured to guide residual content discharged from the button and tray combination device.

The refrigerator further may include a display unit configured to display information based on the amount of residual content sensed by the sensing device. The dispenser may includes a moving chute that is configured to move between an operable position in which the moving chute is at least partially positioned on a side of the surface of the door opposite of the compartment, and a stored position in which the moving chute is positioned entirely on a side the surface of the door where the compartment is positioned, where the moving chute has structure that defines at least a portion of a passage through which content is discharged from the dispenser. A tray portion of the button and tray combination device may be configured to move to an extended position when the moving chute moves to the operable position, the extended position being a position in which the tray portion of the button and tray combination device is at least partially positioned on a side of the surface of the door opposite of the compartment.

In another aspect, a method for controlling a refrigerator includes receiving, in a button tray that is configured to control a dispenser to dispense content through a dispenser outlet, residual content discharged from the dispenser outlet after a container used in actuating the button tray is moved from beneath the dispenser outlet, sensing an amount of residual content stored in the button tray, and performing an operation directed to preventing overflow of the button tray in response to sensing that the amount of residual content stored in the button tray exceeds a threshold.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, performing an operation directed to preventing overflow of the button tray may include generating an output that indicates that the amount of residual content stored in the button tray exceeds the threshold. In another example, performing an operation directed to preventing overflow of the button tray may include discharging residual content from the button tray in response to sensing that the amount of residual content stored in the button tray exceeds a threshold.

In some implementations, sensing the amount of residual content stored in the button tray may include sensing whether residual content stored in the button tray has reached a particular level. Sensing the amount of residual content stored in the button tray may include sensing, from among at least two levels of content, a level of residual content stored in the button tray.

In yet another aspect, a refrigerator includes a compartment, a door configured to open and close at least a portion of the compartment, and a dispenser that is positioned on a surface of the door and that is configured to dispense content through a dispenser outlet. The refrigerator also includes a button and tray combination device that is configured to control the dispenser to dispense content through the dispenser outlet and that is configured to receive and store residual content discharged from the dispenser outlet after a container used in actuating the button and tray combination device is moved from beneath the dispenser outlet. The refrigerator further includes means for sensing an amount of residual content stored in the button and tray combination device, and means for performing an operation directed to preventing overflow of the button and tray combination device in response to sensing that the amount of residual content stored in the button and tray combination device exceeds a threshold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The refrigerator includes a freezing compartment configured to store food at a temperature below freezing, and a refrigerating compartment configured to store food at a cool temperature that is higher than freezing. The refrigerator includes a freezing compartment door50arranged at a front side of the freezing compartment and configured to open and close the freezing compartment and refrigerating compartment doors60and70are arranged at a front side of the refrigerating compartment and configured to open and close the refrigerating compartment. The freezing compartment is located under the refrigerating compartment when the refrigerator is oriented in an ordinary operating position. The refrigerating compartment may be divided into two blocks.

In implementations in which the refrigerating compartment is divided in two blocks, the refrigerating compartment has a first refrigerating compartment and a second refrigerating compartment. In these implementations, the refrigerating compartment doors60and70have a first refrigerating compartment door60and a second refrigerating compartment door70for opening/closing the first refrigerating compartment and the second refrigerating compartment, respectively. The first and second refrigerating compartment doors60and70are pivotally coupled to opposite side walls of a refrigerator body by hinges such that the doors60and70may be pivotally opened and closed. The freezing compartment door50is opened and closed in a sliding manner in forward and rearward directions of the refrigerator body.

The freezing and refrigerating compartment doors may be arranged at various positions in accordance with the positions of the freezing and refrigerating compartments. For example, the refrigerator may include various styles of refrigerators, for example, a refrigerator with a top mount freezing compartment and side-by-side style refrigerators that include side-by-side refrigerating and freezing compartments.

A dispenser100may be mounted to a front surface of the refrigerating compartment door for dispensing content, e.g., water or ice. A button and tray combination device200configured to receive and store residue after dispensing the content, e.g., water or ice, may be positioned under the dispenser100. The button and tray combination device200has a sensing device (seeFIG. 2) mounted thereto for sensing a height of the residue or content stored in the button and tray combination device200.

FIG. 2illustrates a front of a door when a dispenser included in the refrigerator shown inFIG. 1is in an operable position. The first refrigerating compartment door has a front frame61and a rear frame63. A portion of the front frame61is exposed to an outside of the refrigerator, and a portion of the rear frame63is exposed to a body of the refrigerator when the refrigerating compartment door60is in a closed position.

Between the front frame61and the rear frame63, a space is defined. In the space, an ice maker (not shown) that is in communication with the freezing compartment and that is configured to make ice, an ice holding container (not shown) configured to store ice made by the ice maker, and a water tank (not shown) configured to store water are installed.

The dispenser100is positioned on the door and at least a portion of the dispenser is configured to fit in the space defined between the front frame61and the rear frame63when the dispenser is in a stored position. The dispenser100also is connected to the water tank and the ice holding container to receive water or ice for dispensing.

The dispenser100includes a moving chute120configured to move between a stored position and an operable position. In the operable position, at least a portion of the moving chute120is positioned outside of the front frame61to define an ice passage through the door. In the stored position, at least a portion of the moving chute120is positioned in the space defined between the front frame61and the rear frame63. The dispenser100also includes a dispensing cover110, which may be configured to move between a stored position and an operable position together with the moving chute120. In the stored position, the dispensing cover110may be positioned flush with a surface of the door.

Control buttons113configured to control dispensing of ice or water, and a display unit111configured to display a dispensing state may be mounted to the dispensing cover110. The display unit111may display information related to an amount of residual content stored in the button tray210as described in more detail below.

The dispensing cover110has a transparent panel115to allow a user to view the button and tray combination device200from an outside of the dispensing cover110. Thus, a user may perceive, through the transparent panel115, a dispensed amount filled in a container through a dispenser outlet of the moving chute. The transparent panel115enables a user to view ice or water being dispensed into a container to ensure the container is positioned such that the ice or water being dispensed is received in the container and also to determine when to stop dispensing because the container has been filled to a desired level.

As shown inFIG. 2, the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120are structurally connected (e.g., provided as one body or integrated). For instance, the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120constitute one dispenser housing, wherein the dispensing cover defines an external appearance of the dispensing housing and the moving chute defines an interior of the dispensing housing. In these configurations, the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120move together as the moving chute120is drawn in/out of the door.

In addition, a sensing device300may be mounted to the button tray composite device200that senses a height of the content (e.g., residue) stored in the button and tray combination device200.

The sensing device300may include a sensor that senses the height of the content (e.g., residue), and a control unit (not shown) that controls emission of an alarm when a height of the content (e.g., residue) reaches a predetermined level.

The sensor may be a variety of optical sensors for sensing a body, such as an infrared sensor, or a UV sensor. An example of using an infrared sensor is described in more detail below.

FIGS. 3 and 4illustrate a sensing device included in a dispenser. The dispenser100includes a stationary chute130having a first end that communicates with the moving chute120, and a second end that communicates with the ice holding container, which stores ice. The stationary chute130is located in a space defined between the front frame61and the rear frame63. The stationary chute130may be fastened in the space with fastening units (not shown), such as bolts/nuts, or hooks.

The moving chute120has a length enabling the moving chute120to be in communication with the stationary chute130, regardless of whether the moving chute120is positioned in an operable position outside of the front frame61or positioned in a stored position in the space in the door defined between the front frame61and the rear frame63.

An ice dispensing duct (not shown) may be mounted in the space defined between the front frame61and the rear frame63to define an ice flow passage from the ice holding container to the stationary chute130. A duct cover (not shown) may be located at an end of the ice dispensing duct that communicates with the stationary chute130, and may be configured to for open and close the ice dispensing duct.

A mechanical drive mechanism may be mounted at the refrigerating compartment door. The mechanical drive mechanism is configured to move the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120from a stored position to an operable position in which the dispensing cover110and moving chute120are positioned outside of the front frame.

The mechanical drive mechanism includes a hinge unit170that allows the dispensing cover110connected to the moving chute120to pivot or rotate with respect to the front frame61, and an elastic device (not shown) that provides an elastic force to the dispensing cover110and moving chute120to promote movement of the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120from the stored position to the operable position in which the dispensing cover110and moving chute120are positioned outside of the front frame61. The mechanical drive mechanism also includes a coupling unit (e.g., first coupler181and second coupler183) that couples the dispensing cover110to the front frame61against the elastic force provided by the elastic device, thereby retaining the dispensing cover110and moving chute120in the stored position when the coupling unit is engaged.

The coupling unit includes a first coupler181mounted to the dispensing cover110, and a second coupler183mounted in the space in the door. The first coupler181and the second coupler183are fastened/released when the user applies force thereto.

For example, if the first coupler181and the second coupler183are pressed together, a coupling hook provided at the second coupler183is separated from a coupling groove provided at the first coupler181. When the first coupler181is separated from the second coupler183and pressed, the coupling hook engages with the coupling groove (e.g., a hole), thereby coupling the first coupler181to the second coupler183.

The mechanical drive mechanism may further include a damper for regulating a speed of the dispensing cover when the dispensing cover110moves.

Any device may be used as the damper as long as the device is configured to apply a constant force to the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120such that the dispensing cover110and moving chute120rotate at a fixed speed.

For example, a gas spring or a gearing may be used, which may apply a relatively constant force to the dispensing cover110and moving chute120against the pivotal movement of the dispensing cover110and moving chute120.

The hinge unit170includes a hinge pins (not shown) respectively located at opposite ends of the dispensing cover110, and a hinge grooves (not shown) located at an inner surface of the front frame61such that the hinge grooves correspond to the hinge pins, respectively. Accordingly, the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120rotate around the hinge shaft.

The refrigerator further may include a water dispensing duct (not shown) coupled to the dispensing cover110, and configured to dispense water. When the dispensing cover110and the moving chute120are positioned in an operable position outside of the front frame61(e.g., in a water dispensing mode), the water dispensing duct (not shown) mounted to the dispensing cover110is positioned together with the dispensing cover110and moving chute120, to enable dispensing of water from an outlet of the water discharge duct outside of the front frame61.

The button and tray combination device200, which is mounted under the dispenser100, controls dispensing of content (e.g., ice or water) from the dispensing outlet of the moving chute120. The button and tray combination device200also receives and stores residual content after completion of a content dispensing operation.

A controller (not shown) is mounted to one side of the space in the door. The controller includes a dispensing switch270configured to control dispensing of content together with the button and tray combination device200.

The button and tray combination device200includes a button switch280that is selectively connected to the dispensing switch270to control dispensing of content. The button and tray combination device200also includes a button tray210having a content receiving space configured to receive and store residual content from the outlet121when the button tray210is in an extended position corresponding to and positioned under the outlet121. The button and tray combination device200further includes a tray driving mechanism configured to move the button tray210.

The button and tray combination device200also includes a guiding member250configured to guide movement of the button tray210, and a movable member220, which may be engaged with the button tray210and configured to move, together with the button tray210, following guidance of the guiding member250.

The movable member220has a button switch280mounted thereto for selective connection to the dispensing switch270. For example, if the button switch280comes into contact with the dispensing switch270based on movement of the movable member220, the controller generates a predetermined signal, and controls a dispensing operation based on the signal.

The tray drive mechanism includes an elastic member having an elastic resilience against an external force to be applied to the button tray210. A wire spring may be used for the elastic member.

The tray drive mechanism includes a roller230located at one side of the inside of the door, and a wire spring240wound around the roller230. The wire spring240is unwound from the roller230when an external force is applied to the button tray210, and wound around the roller230when the external force is released. The wire spring240has one end fastened to a spring holder221at the movable member220, and the other end fastened to the roller230.

Referring toFIG. 3, an infrared sensor310may be mounted to an outside wall of the button tray210. In an example in which the infrared sensor310is mounted to the outside wall of the button tray210, a volume of content (e.g., residue) the button tray210is capable of storing is not reduced.

The infrared sensor310includes a light emitting unit (not shown) that emits a light, and a light receiving unit (not shown) that receives the light from the light emitting unit (not shown) to detect the light. The light emitting unit and the light receiving unit may be mounted to opposite walls of the button tray210such that a path of light emitted by the light emitting unit intersects the light receiving unit when an object does not obstruct light emitted by the light emitting unit prior to reaching the light receiving unit.

If the light emitting unit (not shown) directs the light to content (e.g., water or ice) stored in the button tray210, the light is reflected or refracted by the content. The light sensed at the light receiving unit (not shown) may enable detection of a height of the content. For instance, the infrared sensor310may detect that a level of content is below the infrared sensor310when the light receiving unit senses light and may detect that a level of content is at or above the infrared sensor310when the light receiving unit does not sense light.

Referring toFIG. 3, the infrared sensor310, mounted to a predetermined height of the outside wall of the button tray210, may sense a high level of content before the content, (e.g., water or ice) overflows from the button tray210. In some implementations, the infrared sensor310may includes multiple sensors positioned at different heights of the outside wall of the button tray210to enable sensing various levels of content (e.g., sensing water or ice at several different height or in many stages).

Referring toFIG. 5, the button tray210may have a light transmission window320mounted to the outside wall of the button tray210to enable transmission of light from the infrared sensor through the outside wall of the button tray210. The light transmission window320may be formed of glass, clear plastic, or a variety of other materials that permit transmission of light.

Referring toFIGS. 6 and 7, the sensing device may be an electrode sensor370positioned on an inside wall of the button tray210.

The electrode sensor370includes a fastening portion that attaches the electrode sensor370to the button tray210, an electrode portion, mounted to an underside of the fastening portion, that senses a level of content (e.g., water or ice) in the button tray210, and a terminal that is electrically connected to an outside of the electrode sensor370in correspondence to the electrode portion.

The fastening portion379may be fastened to the inside wall of the button tray210with bolts or other fastening members. Other fastening mechanisms may be used.

Each of the electrodes in the electrode portion may be mounted at a predetermined height from a bottom of the button tray210that senses the level of the content (e.g., water or ice) in the button tray210. The predetermined height of each of the electrodes may be different to enable sensing at different heights.

In some implementations, the electrode portion has a common electrode372which is a reference electrode for sensing the level, a low level electrode374for sensing a low level, and a high level electrode376for sensing a high level. For multistage/multi-height sensing of the level of the content, a plurality of electrodes with differing heights/lengths may be included in the electrode portion.

The electrode sensor370has a common electrode terminal371, a low level terminal373, and a high level terminal375. The common electrode terminal371, the low level terminal373, and the high level terminal375correspond to the common electrode372, the low level electrode374, and the high level electrode376, respectively.

The low level electrode374senses a low level of content. Because the low level electrode374senses a level of content based on a connection with the common electrode372, the common electrode372has a length that is at least equal to a length of the low level electrode374. The length of the common electrode372may be greater than a length of the low level electrode374.

If the level of the water or the ice reaches to the common electrode372and the low level electrode374, a current flows through the water, to generate a low level signal. If the level of the content (e.g., water or ice) rises to the high level electrode376, the current flows to generate a high level signal.

Referring toFIGS. 3-7, data sensed at the infrared sensor310or the electrode sensor370is transmitted to the controller (not shown) for processing.

The controller controls an informing device330and a discharging device350based on data received from the sensor (e.g., the infrared sensor310or the electrode sensor370).

The informing device330may be located on a front surface of the refrigerating compartment door or on a front surface of the button tray210. The informing device330enables a user to perceive from an outside of the door when the content in the button tray210reaches to a certain height. The informing device330may alert the user to a level of content in the button tray210when the user otherwise is unable to perceive the level of content in the button tray210(e.g., when the button tray is positioned in a stored position within a space defined in the door).

Referring toFIG. 4, the informing device330may be mounted to a front surface of the button tray210to able a user to view the informing device330from outside of the door (e.g., through the transparent panel115). The informing device330also may be mounted to the display unit111, or in another location that a user may perceive from outside of the door.

In some examples, the user may determine a state of the content (e.g., residue) in the button tray with the display unit111. For example, the display unit111may display an indication when the content reaches a predetermined level. The displayed indication may be an alert or display a level of the content currently stored in the button tray210.

The user may be alerted to a level of content (e.g., residue) in the button tray210with an alarm, or light outputted by the informing device330. Alerting the user to the level of content in the button tray210may enable the user to dispose of the content (e.g., water or ice) from the button tray210before it overflows.

In some implementations, a discharging device350may be provided to the inside space of the door to discharge content (e.g., residue) from the button tray210to the outside of the door.

The discharging device350includes a drain valve340configured to open and close a drain pipe345to control flow of content (e.g., residue) from the button tray210. A motor (not shown) configured to drive the drain valve340may be provided, and the drain pipe345may define a passage for discharging the content (e.g., residue) to the outside of the door.

Referring toFIG. 3, the drain valve340may be mounted to the side wall of the button tray210to enable discharge of content (e.g., residue) when the content (e.g., residue) reaches a certain level. The drain valve340also may be mounted to an underside or a rear wall of the button tray210.

When the level of the content (e.g., residue) reaches a certain level, the controller drives the motor. The motor opens the drain valve340to drain the content (e.g., residue) to the outside of the door through the drain pipe345.

Operation of the sensing device is described below with reference toFIGS. 2 to 4. In order to dispense content (e.g., water or ice), a user pushes a lower side of the dispensing cover110.

In response to pushing a lower side of the dispensing cover110, both the dispensing cover110and the button tray210are moved (e.g., simultaneously) to an operable position in which the dispensing cover110and the button tray210are positioned outside of the front frame61. For instance, the dispensing cover110is projected outside of the front frame61with the elastic force of the elastic device at the moving chute120, and the button tray210is projected outside of the front frame61with the elastic force of the elastic member (e.g., the wire spring240) at the tray drive mechanism.

A user brings a container into contact with the button tray210and pushes the button tray210with the container toward an inside of the door. The moving member220connected with the button tray210moves to the inside of the door guided by the guide member250together with the button tray210.

If the moving member moves to a particular location, the button switch280on the button tray210is connected to the dispensing switch270in the door. When the button switch280connects to the dispensing switch270, the controller causes the dispenser to dispense content (e.g., water or ice) through the dispenser outlet121based on the signal generated resulting from connection of the button switch280and the dispensing switch270.

In this example, the controller causes the dispenser to dispense content (e.g., water or ice) through the dispenser outlet121only in a state in which the moving chute120is positioned in an operable position outside of the front frame61. That is, when both the moving chute and the button tray210are positioned in a stored position inside of the door, content (e.g., water or ice) is not dispensed, even if the button switch280connects to the dispensing switch270.

If the user pushes the dispensing cover110toward the inside of the door, the moving chute120and the button tray210are moved to a stored position inside of the door. When the dispenser and the button tray210are in the stored position, the button tray210may receive content (e.g., residue) from the dispenser outlet121because the button tray210remains under the dispensing opening121in the stored position.

After the button tray210is moved to the stored position in the inside space of the door, the content (e.g., residue) at the dispensing opening121or the content, from the inside space of the door may be received in the button tray210. If the content (e.g., residue) continues to be received in the button tray210, the content may overflow and come into contact with the electric components in the inside space of the door, thereby causing electric shock or short circuit.

Using a sensor to sense a level of content in the button tray210and an informing device330to inform a user of the level of content in the button tray210, may reduce the risk of overflow and the corresponding risk of damage or injury caused by overflow. If the content (e.g., water or ice) reaches to a certain height or level, the infrared sensor310senses the level. If the infrared sensor310senses the certain height or level of content, the sensed data is provided to the controller as an electric signal.

The controller (not shown) controls the informing device330to generate an alarm to discharge the residue with reference to the sensed data. The informing device330generates a signal the user may notice from an outside of the refrigerator.

Based on an alarm the user may hear, or a light emitting device the user may see, the user may notice, from outside of the door, that the button tray210is full (or nearly full) of content. In response to output of the informing device330, the user may draw the button tray210to the outside of the refrigerator, and empty the content (e.g., water or ice) from the button tray210.

When content in the button tray210reaches a certain height, a user may control the discharging device350using the controller or the controller may control the discharging device350automatically without user input. When the controller drives the motor (not shown), the drain valve340at the button tray210is opened. The content may be drained to an outside of the refrigerator through the drain valve340and the drain pipe345when the drain valve340is opened.

The sensing device that senses a height of content (e.g., residue) in the button and tray combination device may prevent the content (e.g., residue) from overflowing. Accordingly, short circuit or fault of electric components in the refrigerator caused by overflow may be reduced. A user also may determine a state or level of content (e.g., residue) in the button tray from an outside of the refrigerator.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. For example, advantageous results still could be achieved if steps of the disclosed techniques were performed in a different order and/or if components in the disclosed systems were combined in a different manner and/or replaced or supplemented by other components. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.