Medicine delivery system for animals

A pet toy for dispensing medicine, including an outer shell, an actuator assembly coupled to the outer shell, and an ingestible material initially disposed within the outer shell. Manipulation, by a pet, of the actuator assembly relative to the outer shell causes the ingestible material to exit the outer shell for ingestion by the pet.

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Field of the Present Invention

The invention relates generally to medicine delivery systems for animals, and, in particular, to pet toys for dispensing medicine and other ingestibles to animals when manipulated appropriately by the animals.

Background

A problem encountered by nearly all pet owners and many other animal caretakers is the administration of oral medications, food supplements, and other ingestible materials to an animal. Animals frequently object to the taste, smell, texture, or the like of the material, or are generally distrustful of the person administrating the material or the manner in which it is administered. Animals are also administered medicine or treats in a “give and serve” method where there is no “work” or “play” involved by the animal to receive their medicine or treat.

A variety of products have been developed to provide play pattern consumption of pet treats. Treat dispensing wobblers, such as the KONG® Wobbler, or other shapes are used to spill out treats when a dog bats and plays with the item. As the dog plays with the item, treats randomly fall out of the shape for consumption by the dog.

In other products, treats are attached to a structure, such as with the Busy Buddy® product line, available from Petmate®, or Outward Hound's Treatamals®, where the dog consumes treats that are mounted on a toy. The dog is entertained by working with and playing with a toy that has a treat component attached to the dog toy.

However, needs exist for improved products in this area, particularly for the administration of medicines, supplements, and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Some exemplary embodiments of the present invention may overcome one or more of the above disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above, but the present invention is not required to overcome any particular disadvantage described above, and some exemplary embodiments of the present invention may not overcome any of the disadvantages described above.

Broadly defined, the present invention according to one aspect is a pet toy for dispensing medicine, including: an outer shell; an actuator assembly coupled to the outer shell; and an ingestible material initially disposed within the outer shell; wherein manipulation, by a pet, of the actuator assembly relative to the outer shell causes the ingestible material to exit the outer shell for ingestion by the pet.

In a feature of this aspect, the pet medicine dispenser further includes a mortar and pestle, wherein the ingestible material is initially disposed in the mortar, wherein either the mortar or the pestle is supported by the actuator assembly, and wherein the manipulation of the actuator assembly causes the pestle to enter the mortar, thereby displacing the ingestible material from the mortar such that it exits the outer shell for ingestion by the pet. In further features, the pestle includes a plurality of protuberances; and/or the pestle includes a plurality of surface features for assistance in breaking apart ingestible material in the form of a paste or semi-solid and to which the ingestible material temporarily adheres to when the pestle enters the mortar.

In another feature of this aspect, the outer shell includes a plurality of windows, and wherein the ingestible material exits the outer shell through the windows when the actuator assembly is manipulated by the pet. In a further feature, each of the windows is large enough to permit the ingestible material to be loaded therein.

In another feature of this aspect, the actuator assembly includes an actuator and a resilient skirt, baffle or other structure connecting the actuator to the outer shell. In a further feature, the actuator is a button-type actuator.

In another feature of this aspect, the outer shell includes an upper half and a lower half, and wherein the upper half and lower half are separable so as to permit the ingestible material to be loaded therein.

In another feature of this aspect, the actuator assembly and outer shell include fittings that mate with one another to permit the actuator assembly to be removed from the outer shell. In a further feature, the fittings are threaded fittings.

In another feature of this aspect, the pet medicine dispenser further includes a cavity contained within the outer shell, wherein the ingestible material is initially disposed within the outer shell. In further features, at least one dosage line is disposed in the cavity; the dosage line is disposed so as to correspond to a precise dosage measurement, and is marked with the dosage measurement; and/or a plurality of dosage lines, of different precise dosage measurements, are disposed in the cavity.

Broadly defined, the present invention according to another aspect is a pet toy for dispensing medicine, including: a flexible outer shell; a resilient interior skeleton structure providing support for the flexible outer shell; an ingestible material initially disposed within the outer shell; and an outlet through which the ingestible material exits the outer shell; wherein manipulation, by a pet, of the outer shell causes the ingestible material to exit the outer shell, via the outlet, for ingestion by the pet.

In a feature of this aspect, the outlet includes a plurality of microholes.

In another feature of this aspect, the resilient interior skeleton is not as flexible as the outer shell.

In another feature of this aspect, the interior skeleton structure includes a plurality of ribs.

In another feature of this aspect, the flexible outer shell is made of a thermoplastic elastomer.

In another feature of this aspect, the flexible outer shell has a hardness of between 0.40 and 0.75 durometers.

In another feature of this aspect, the interior skeleton structure has a hardness of between 0.80 and 0.95 durometers.

Broadly defined, the present invention according to another aspect is a pet toy for dispensing medicine, including: an outer shell penetrated by a plurality of microholes; and an ingestible material initially disposed within the outer shell; wherein manipulation, by a pet, of the outer shell causes the ingestible material to exit the outer shell, via the microholes, for ingestion by the pet.

Broadly defined, the present invention according to another aspect is a pet toy for dispensing medicine, including: an outer shell; a seep pad disposed in the outer shell; and an ingestible material initially disposed within the outer shell; wherein manipulation, by a pet, of the outer shell causes the ingestible material to exit the outer shell, via the seep pad, for ingestion by the pet.

Broadly defined, the present invention according to another aspect is a pet toy for dispensing medicine, including: an outer shell, including an upper half and a lower half resiliently coupled together such that when they are pushed closer together they are biased to spring back apart; and an interior cavity in which an ingestible material is initially disposed; wherein manipulation, by a pet, of the upper half relative to the lower half causes the ingestible material to exit the interior cavity and the outer shell for ingestion by the pet.

Broadly defined, the present invention according to another aspect is a pet toy for dispensing medicine, including: a flexible inner bladder; a resilient outer shell providing support for the flexible inner bladder; an ingestible material initially disposed within the inner bladder; and a first outlet via which the ingestible material exits the inner bladder; and a second outlet via which the ingestible material exists the outer shell; wherein manipulation, by a pet, of the outer shell and inner bladder causes the ingestible material to exit the inner shell via the first outlet, and subsequently exit the outer shell, via the second outlet, for ingestion by the pet.

In a feature of this aspect, the first outlet includes a plurality of microholes.

In another feature of this aspect, the second outlet includes a plurality of windows.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As a preliminary matter, it will readily be understood by one having ordinary skill in the relevant art (“Ordinary Artisan”) that the present invention has broad utility and application. Furthermore, any embodiment discussed and identified as being “preferred” is considered to be part of a best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention. Other embodiments also may be discussed for additional illustrative purposes in providing a full and enabling disclosure of the present invention. As should be understood, any embodiment may incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed aspects of the invention and may further incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed features. Moreover, many embodiments, such as adaptations, variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be implicitly disclosed by the embodiments described herein and fall within the scope of the present invention.

Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like components throughout the several views, one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention are next described. The following description of one or more preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its implementations, or uses.

In accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, various pet toys for dispensing medicine are described and/or illustrated herein. In general, such pet medicine dispensers are in the form of a ball or other shape and size suitable for animal actuated delivery of medicine, dietary supplements, or the like (generally referred to hereinafter as “medicine”) to a dog or other animal (generically referred to hereinafter as a “pet”). In various embodiments, the medicine may be in a liquid, paste, and/or semi-solid form, and the dispensers are designed to allow the medicine to spill, leak, seep, leach, excrete, or otherwise escape therefrom, particularly in response to being chewed, compressed, rolled, or otherwise actuated by the pet. For example,FIG. 1Ais a perspective view of a pet dog12using a “dipper ball” pet toy10for dispensing medicine14in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown therein, the dog chews or otherwise applies pressure to the pet medicine dispenser10causing medicine14to spill, leak, seep, or otherwise escape therefrom for consumption by the pet12. Structural and operational details about this pet medicine dispenser10and various other embodiments thereof are further described below.

FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1Dare an isometric view, a side view, and a top view, respectively, of the pet medicine dispenser10ofFIG. 1A, whileFIG. 1Eis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser ofFIG. 1D, taken along line1E-1E. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser10includes a hollow ball structure50, including a plurality of windows52, and a pair of actuator assemblies20,30. Each actuator assembly20,30includes a solid pad actuator22,32, an attachment fitting23,33, and a resilient skirt, baffle, or other structure24,34connecting the actuator22,32to the respective attachment fitting23,33. As shown, the attachment fittings23,33include exterior thread structures that couple to corresponding interior thread structures on the hollow ball structure50, but friction fittings, snap fittings, or the like may be used. The actuator assemblies20,30may be made of a single material or may include two different materials molded or otherwise formed or attached together. For example, one material may be utilized for the attachment fittings23,33and another for the resilient skirts24,34. Some or all of the actuator assemblies20,30may be made of rubber having a hardness, for example, of 0.85 durometers. In at least some embodiments, the hollow ball structure50and/or one or both actuator assemblies20,30may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material.

As perhaps best shown inFIG. 1E, the upper actuator assembly20also includes a pestle44descending from the pad actuator22, and the lower actuator30includes a corresponding mortar42, defining an interior well or other cavity48, disposed on its pad actuator32. The mortar42and pestle44are aligned with each other and are sized such that the pestle44may fit into the well48of the mortar42when moved together as described below. Exterior surfaces of the lower end of the pestle44are preferably covered by protuberances46or other surface features for at least a purpose described below.

FIG. 1Fis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser10ofFIG. 1E, shown in an actuated state. When sufficient force is applied, the resilient skirts24,34allow the pad actuators22,32to be depressed relative to hollow ball structure50, thereby pushing the end of the pestle44into the well48of the mortar42. In at least some embodiments, the various structures and elements of the pet medicine dispenser10are designed and arranged such that the end of the pestle44, when the pad actuators22,32are fully depressed, is pushed all the way into the well48of the mortar42, but this is not necessarily required. Because the skirts24,34are resilient, the pad actuators22,32preferably return to the state shown inFIG. 1Ewhen the applied force is removed. The skirts, baffles, or other structures24,34are preferably designed such that the amount of force required to overcome their outward bias is within a range corresponding to the activities of the pet12with which the dispenser10is intended to be used. Such activities preferably incur biting, chewing, and/or tonguing the dispenser10and/or using paws to hold and/or squeeze the dispenser10. Various surface features, for example including depressions25,35and cavities27,37, may be provided on the pad actuators22,32to provide additional texture and grip for the pet12, the user, or both.

With the lower actuator assembly30separated from the hollow ball structure50, the interior well48of the mortar42may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. In this regard,FIG. 1Gis a cross-sectional view of the lower actuator assembly30ofFIG. 1E, shown separated from the rest of the dispenser10. (Preferably, the upper actuator assembly20may also be separated from the hollow ball structure50to aid in cleaning and the like.) Fill lines36may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. For example, a first fill line36may denote a quantity of one tablespoon, milliliter, or the like, a second fill line36may denote a quantity of two tablespoons, milliliters, or the like, and a third fill line36may denote a quantity of three tablespoons, milliliters, or the like. The lower actuator assembly30is then recoupled to the bottom of the hollow ball structure50. Subsequently, the medicine14may begin to spill out of the mortar42and out through the windows52. Particularly when the medicine14is in paste or semi-solid form, this process is particularly facilitated when one or both actuator assemblies20,30are depressed, thereby pushing the end of the pestle44into the medicine14contained in the mortar42. Such action tends to cause the medicine14to spill out of the sides of the mortar42and out the windows52. Additional dispersal of the medicine14occurs as the medicine14begins to stick to the protuberances46or other surface features. As the pet medicine dispenser10is manipulated, the medicine14is broken apart and alternately sticks to the protuberances46and falls off and out through the windows52. In at least some instances, the pet12may further assist in the process using its tongue by extending its tongue through the windows52to reach the mortar42, pestle44, and the medicine14itself. In short, when the well48of the mortar42is filled with medicine14, and the dispenser10is then provided to a pet12, the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy10, the medicine14tends to spill out of the mortar42through a variety of means and subsequently disperses out through the ball shell windows52and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 2Ais a perspective view of another “dipper ball” pet toy1310for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, whileFIG. 2Bis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser1310ofFIG. 2A. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser1310, portions of which are shown partially transparent for illustrative purposes, includes a hollow ball structure1350, including a plurality of windows1352, and a pair of actuator assemblies1320,1330. The hollow ball structure1350includes two separate shell halves1354,1356that are coupled together by fittings of any of a variety of types, including threaded fittings, friction fittings, snap fittings, or the like. Each actuator assembly1320,1330includes a solid pad actuator1322,1332, an attachment fitting1323,1333, and a resilient skirt, baffle, or other structure1324,1334connecting the actuator1322,1332to the respective attachment fitting1323,1333. In some embodiments, the attachment fittings1323,1333are permanent in that the actuator assemblies1320,1330cannot be removed, while in others the attachment fittings1323,1333permit the actuator assemblies1320,1330to be removed from shell halves1354,1356. Removable fittings may include threaded fittings, friction fittings, snap fittings, or the like. The actuator assemblies1320,1330may be made of rubber having a hardness, for example, of 0.85 durometers. In at least some embodiments, the hollow ball structure1350and/or one or both actuator assemblies1320,1330may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material.

The upper actuator assembly1320also includes a pestle1344descending from the pad actuator1322, and the lower actuator1330includes a corresponding mortar1342, defining an interior well or other cavity1348, disposed on its pad actuator1332. The mortar1342and pestle1344are aligned with each other and are sized such that the pestle1344may fit into the well1348of the mortar1342when moved together as described below. Exterior surfaces of the lower end of the pestle1344may be covered by protuberances, like those shown inFIGS. 1A-1G, or other surface features for at least a similar purpose.

FIG. 2Cis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser1310ofFIG. 2B, shown in a partially actuated state. When sufficient force is applied, the resilient skirts1324,1334allow the pad actuators1322,1332to be depressed relative to hollow ball structure1350, thereby pushing the end of the pestle1344into the well1348of the mortar1342. (It will be appreciated that only the top assembly1320is shown in its actuated state inFIG. 2C.) Because the skirts1324,1334are resilient, the pad actuators1322,1332preferably return to the state shown inFIG. 1Ewhen the applied force is removed. The skirts, baffles, or other structures1324,1334are preferably designed such that the amount of force required to overcome their outward bias is within a range corresponding to the activities of the pet12with which the dispenser1310is intended to be used. Such activities preferably incur biting, chewing, and/or tonguing the dispenser1310and/or using paws to hold and/or squeeze the dispenser1310. Various surface features, for example including depressions and cavities like those shown inFIGS. 1A-1G, may be provided on the pad actuators1322,1332to provide additional texture and grip for the pet12.

With the lower actuator assembly1330separated from the hollow ball structure1350and/or the lower shell half1352separated from the upper shell half1354, the interior well1348of the mortar1342may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. Fill lines (not shown) may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. The lower actuator assembly1330is then recoupled to the bottom of the hollow ball structure1350. Subsequently, the medicine14may begin to spill out of the mortar1342and out through the windows1352. Particularly when the medicine14is in paste or semi-solid form, this process is particularly facilitated when one or both actuator assemblies1320,1330are depressed, thereby pushing the end of the pestle1344into the medicine14contained in the mortar1342. Such action tends to cause the medicine14to spill out of the sides of the mortar1342and out the windows1352. Additional dispersal of the medicine14occurs as the medicine14begins to stick to the pestle1344and any protuberances or other surface features thereon. As the pet medicine dispenser1310is manipulated, the medicine14is broken apart and alternately sticks to the pestle1344and falls off and out through the windows52. In at least some instances, the pet12may further assist in the process using its tongue by extending its tongue through the windows1352to reach the mortar1342, pestle1344, and the medicine14itself. In short, when the well1348of the mortar1342is filled with medicine14, and the dispenser1310is then provided to a pet12, the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy1310, the medicine14tends to spill out of the mortar1342through a variety of means and subsequently disperses out through the ball shell windows1352and into the pet's mouth.

The actuator assemblies may be embodied in a variety of ways, utilizing various operational mechanisms. One actuator assembly is shown inFIGS. 1A-1G, while another actuator assembly is shown inFIGS. 2A-2C.FIGS. 3A and 3Bare side views of portions of a pet medicine dispenser utilizing a button-type actuator assembly, shown in a non-depressed and a depressed state, respectively. The pet medicine dispenser ofFIGS. 3A and 3Bis somewhat similar to the pet medicine dispenser1310ofFIGS. 2A-2C, but includes a collar11and a cold joint vertical piston seam13.FIG. 4is a fragmentary side cross-sectional view of portions of a pet medicine dispenser utilizing a modified skirt-type actuator assembly. The pet medicine dispenser ofFIG. 4is somewhat similar to the pet medicine dispenser10ofFIGS. 1A-1G, but a tongue and groove cold joint15is utilized, as is an interior ring and thread joint17. Also, various areas19of the actuator assembly utilize reduced cross-sections to facilitate flex direction and operation. It will be appreciated that in various embodiments, the actuators and actuator assemblies described herein may be interchanged with each other, modified, and otherwise adapted as desired without departing from the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 5is a perspective view of a “pad ball” pet toy110for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention. As shown therein, this pet medicine dispenser110includes a ball structure150and one or more dispenser outlets in the form of pad assemblies120disposed on, or embedded in, the surface of the support structure150. In some embodiments, the ball structure150may be solid, while in others the ball structure150may be hollow. Each pad assembly120includes a medicine distribution pad122, preferably having a textured surface126and absorbent qualities, that is retained on or in the surface of the ball structure150via a retention seal124. Liquid medicine14may be topically applied to the pad122and at least partially absorbed thereby. When the pet medicine dispenser110is then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy110, the medicine14tends to leak or be squeezed out of the pads122and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 6Ais a perspective view of a “squishy ball” pet toy210for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 6Bis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser210ofFIG. 6A, wherein portions are shown partially transparent for illustrative purposes. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser210includes a hollow ball structure or shell250, an interior skeleton structure238, and a fill port220. The ball shell250defines an interior well or other cavity248in which the skeleton structure238is arranged. The skeleton structure238includes a plurality of ribs264radiating from and between a pair of polar structures266located in the top and bottom of the ball shell250. At least some portions of the skeleton structure238are preferably flexible, resilient, and durable so as to provide some reinforcement for the hollow shell250but sufficient flexibility to give the toy210a flex pattern imparting a “squishy” feel that appeals to the pet12when chewing and/or otherwise playing with the toy210. In at least some embodiments, the ball shell250has both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, and is preferably made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, the ball shell250may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In at least some embodiments, the skeleton structure238is made of rubber. In the illustrated embodiment, the ball shell is spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized.

The fill port220includes a plug structure222defining an injection aperture224. Using a thin-radius nozzle (not shown), the injection aperture224may be penetrated such that liquid medicine may be injected into the interior well248. A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes254are disposed in the ball shell250such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior well248under at least some conditions. In particular, when the pet medicine dispenser210is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy210, the medicine14tends to leak through the micro holes254and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 7Ais a perspective view of a “squishy half ball” pet toy310for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 7Bis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser310ofFIG. 7A, shown in an open state. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser310includes a hollow ball structure or shell, formed from two halves330,340, and an interior skeleton structure. The two halves330,340of the ball shell define an interior well or other cavity348in which the skeleton structure is arranged. The skeleton structure includes a plurality of ribs364distributed around the interior of the ball shell. At least some portions of the skeleton structure are preferably flexible, resilient, and durable so as to provide some reinforcement for the hollow shell but sufficient flexibility to give the toy310a flex pattern imparting a “squishy” feel that appeals to the pet12when chewing and/or otherwise playing with the toy310. In at least some embodiments, the ball shell has both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, and is preferably made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). In at least some embodiments, one or both shell halves330,340may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In the illustrated embodiment, the ball shell is spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized. Furthermore, although the illustrated dispenser310has two equal-sized half sections, the dispenser310may alternatively be made of two sections of non-equal size.

With the lower half340separated from the upper half330, the lower half340may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. Fill lines336may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes354are disposed in one or both halves330,340of the ball shell such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior well348under at least some conditions. In particular, when the pet medicine dispenser310is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy310, the medicine14tends to leak through the micro holes354and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 8Ais a perspective view of a “squishy half rib ball” pet toy410for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 8Bis an exploded perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser410ofFIG. 8A. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser410includes a two-piece exterior shell430,440and a two-piece interior bladder482,484. Each of the exterior shell halves430,440includes a plurality of windows452and an axial post456that extends inward from the center of the respective shell half430,440. The two shell halves430,440may be attached together using, for example, male and female threaded fittings442,444. One or both halves430,440may be made of solid rubber and may have extra thick walls, particularly in the area of the threaded fittings442,444. The rubber, for example, may have a hardness of 0.90 durometers. In at least some embodiments, one or both bladder halves482,484have both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, and is preferably made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) having a hardness of 0.50 durometers, giving it a “squishy” feel. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, one or both shell halves430,440and/or one or both bladder halves482,484may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In the illustrated embodiment, the shell halves430,440and the bladder halves482,484are each approximately hemispherical, such that the combined ball shell and combined bladder are each approximately spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized.

Each of the bladder halves482,484includes an axial post458, having a hollow interior, that extends inward from the center of the respective bladder half482,484. The axial posts456of the exterior shell halves430,440fit into the axial posts458of the bladder halves482,484. As a supplement or replacement for the threaded fittings442,444described above, the axial posts456may be have mating threaded couplings, or a screw or fastener may be inserted axially through the posts456,458, so as to enable the two shell halves430,440to be attached together. The two bladder halves482,484define an interior well or other cavity448. With the lower bladder half484separated from the upper half482, the lower half484may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. Fill lines436may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes454are disposed in one or both halves482,484of the bladder such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior well448under at least some conditions. In particular, when the pet medicine dispenser410is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy410, the medicine14tends to leak through the micro holes454, out through the ball shell windows452, and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 9Ais a perspective view of a “squishy solid ball” pet toy510for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 9Bis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser510ofFIG. 9A, shown in an open state. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser510includes a hollow ball structure or shell, formed from two halves530,540defining an interior well or other cavity548. The two shell halves530,540may be attached together using, for example, male and female threaded fittings542,544. One or both halves530,540may be made of solid rubber and may have extra thick walls, particularly in the area of the threaded fittings542,544. In at least some embodiments, one or both shell halves530,540may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In the illustrated embodiment, the ball shell is spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized. Furthermore, although the illustrated dispenser510has two equal-sized half sections, the dispenser510may alternatively be made of two sections of non-equal size.

With the lower half540separated from the upper half530, the lower half540may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. Fill lines536may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes554are disposed in one or both halves530,540of the ball shell such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior well548under at least some conditions. In particular, when the pet medicine dispenser510is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy510, the medicine14tends to leak through the micro holes554and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 10Ais a perspective view of a “rib ball” pet toy610for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention;FIG. 10Bis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser610ofFIG. 10A, wherein portions are shown partially transparent for illustrative purposes; andFIG. 10Cis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser ofFIG. 10B, taken along line10C-10C. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser610includes a hollow ball structure or shell650, an interior skeleton structure638, and a fill port620. The ball shell650defines an interior well or other cavity648in which the skeleton structure638is arranged. The skeleton structure638includes a plurality of ribs664radiating from and between a pair of polar structures666located in the top and bottom of the ball shell650. At least some portions of the skeleton structure638are preferably resilient and durable so as to provide some reinforcement for the flexible hollow shell650. In at least some embodiments, portions of the skeleton structure638may also be sufficiently flexible to give the toy610a flex pattern imparting a “squishy” feel that appeals to the pet12when chewing and/or otherwise playing with the toy610. In at least some embodiments, the ball shell650has both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, and is preferably made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), giving it a “squishy” feel. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, the ball shell650may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In at least some embodiments, the skeleton structure638is made of rubber. In the illustrated embodiment, the ball shell is spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized.

The fill port620includes a plug structure622defining an injection aperture624. Using a thin-radius nozzle (not shown), the injection aperture624may be penetrated such that liquid medicine may be injected into the interior well648. A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes654are disposed in the ball shell650such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior well648under at least some conditions. In particular, when the pet medicine dispenser610is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy610, the medicine14tends to leak through the micro holes654and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 11Ais a perspective view of a “core ball” pet toy710for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 11Bis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser710ofFIG. 11A, taken along line11B-11B. As shown therein, this pet medicine dispenser710includes a ball structure750, a reservoir747, defining an interior well or other cavity748, and one or more dispenser outlets in the form of pad assemblies720. Each pad assembly720includes a medicine distribution pad722, preferably having a textured surface and absorbent qualities, that is retained within a seal724via a removable retainer ring728. Removal of the ring728exposes the interior well748. In this regard,FIG. 11Cis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser710ofFIG. 11A, shown with one medicine distribution pad722and retainer ring728removed from its seal724. In at least some embodiments, the seal724is a flexible membrane that receives and holds the retainer ring728in place via pressure and friction.

With the medicine distribution pad722and retainer ring728removed from its seal724, the interior well748may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. One or more fill lines736may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. The distribution pad722and retainer ring728may then be replaced in the seal724. As the pet medicine dispenser710is moved, medicine14begins to seep into the distribution pads722where the medicine14can be delivered to a pet under at least some conditions. In particular, when the filled or partially-filled pet medicine dispenser710is provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy710, the medicine14tends seep into the pads722and then leak or be squeezed out of the pads722and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 12Ais a perspective view of a “roller ball” pet toy810for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 12Bis a front cross-sectional view of the pet medicine dispenser810ofFIG. 12A, taken along line12B-12B. As shown therein, this pet medicine dispenser810includes a ball structure850, a reservoir847, defining an interior well or other cavity848, and one or more dispenser outlets in the form of roller assemblies820. Each roller assembly820includes a roller ball822that is retained within a seal824via a removable retainer ring828. Removal of the ring828(not shown) exposes the interior well848. In at least some embodiments, the seal824is a flexible membrane that receives and holds the retainer ring828in place via pressure and friction.

With the roller ball822and retainer ring828removed from its seal824, the interior well848may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. One or more fill lines836may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14. The roller ball822and retainer ring828may then be replaced in the seal824. Thereafter, medicine14begins to coat the roller balls822from the inside. As the roller balls822roll around within their retainer rings828, the coated portions rotate to the outside of the ball structure850where the medicine14can be delivered to a pet in at least some conditions. In particular, when the filled or partially-filled pet medicine dispenser810is provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy810, the medicine14tends to coat the roller balls822where it distributed into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 13is a perspective view of a “bone ball” pet toy910for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention. As shown therein, the pet toy dispenser may, in some embodiments, take on a shape other than that of a ball. As shown therein, this pet medicine dispenser910includes a bone-shaped support structure950and one or more dispenser outlets in the form of pad assemblies920disposed on, or embedded in, the surface of the bone-shaped support structure950. In some embodiments, the support structure950may be solid, while in other the support structure950may be hollow. Each pad assembly920includes a medicine distribution pad922, preferably having a textured surface926and absorbent qualities, that is retained on or in the surface of the bone-shaped support structure950via a retention seal924. Liquid medicine14may be topically applied to the pad922and at least partially absorbed thereby. When the pet medicine dispenser910is then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy910, the medicine14tends to leak or be squeezed out of the pads922and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 14Ais a perspective view of a “doughnut ball” pet toy1010for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 14Bis an exploded perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser1010ofFIG. 14A. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser1010includes a two-piece exterior shell1030,1040and an interior bladder1080. The lower shell half1040includes a central receptacle1055and plurality of raised portions1086with gaps1052defined therebetween. The upper shell half1030includes an axial post or core stem1056that extends downward from the center thereof. A plurality of radial lock tabs1057extend outward from the lower end of the axial post1056. The two shell halves1030,1040may be attached together by inserting the axial post1056of the upper shell half1030into the receptacle1055of the lower shell half1040and locking it in place via the lock tabs1057. One or both shell halves1030,1040may be made of rubber. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, one or both shell halves1030,1040may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In the illustrated embodiment, the shell halves1030,1040together form a ball shape that is approximately spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized. Furthermore, although the illustrated dispenser has two equal-sized half sections, the dispenser1010may alternatively be made of two sections of non-equal size.

The bladder1080includes a central ring1088or “doughnut” from which a plurality of spokes1089extend radially therefrom. In at least some embodiments, the bladder1080has both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, and is preferably made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) having a hardness of 0.50 durometers, giving it a “squishy” feel. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, the bladder1080may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. The central ring1088fits around the receptacle1055, and the locations of the spokes1089correspond to the locations of the gaps1052between the raised portions1086. The bladder1080defines an interior well or other cavity. With the lower shell half1040separated from the upper half1030, the bladder1080may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes1054are disposed in the bladder1080, such as in the ends of the spokes1089, such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior well under at least some conditions. In particular, when the pet medicine dispenser1010is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy1010, the medicine14tends to leak through the micro holes1054, out through the gaps1052between the raised portions1086, and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 15Ais a perspective view of another “doughnut ball” pet toy1510for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 15Bis an exploded perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser1510ofFIG. 15A. In many ways, this “doughnut ball” pet toy1510is similar to the pet toy1010ofFIGS. 14A and 14B. The pet medicine dispenser1510ofFIGS. 15A and 15Bincludes a two-piece exterior shell1530,1540and an interior bladder1580. The lower shell half1540includes a central receptacle1555and plurality of raised portions1586with gaps1552defined therebetween. The upper shell half1530includes an axial post or core stem1556that extends downward from the center thereof. A plurality of radial lock tabs1557extend outward from the lower end of the axial post1556. The two shell halves1530,1540may be attached together by inserting the axial post1556of the upper shell half1530into the receptacle1555of the lower shell half1540and locking it in place via the lock tabs1557. One or both shell halves1530,1540may be made of rubber. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, one or both shell halves1530,1540may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. In the illustrated embodiment, the shell halves1530,1540together form a ball shape that is approximately spherical, but other shapes, such as other ball shapes, may alternatively be utilized. Furthermore, although the illustrated dispenser has two equal-sized half sections, the dispenser1510may alternatively be made of two sections of non-equal size.

The bladder1580includes a central ring1588or “doughnut” from which a plurality of spokes1589extend radially therefrom. In at least some embodiments, the bladder1580has both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties, and is preferably made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) having a hardness of 0.50 durometers, giving it a “squishy” feel. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, the bladder1580may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material. The central ring1588fits around the receptacle1555, and the locations of the spokes1589correspond to the locations of the gaps1552between the raised portions1586. The bladder1580is tray-shaped, defining an interior cavity1554with an open top. With the lower shell half1540separated from the upper half1530, the bladder1580may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. When the upper half1530is then reinstalled on the lower shell half1540, it acts as a cap or lid to the tray, temporarily sealing the upper half1530to the top of the bladder1580. When the pet medicine dispenser1510is at least partially filled with liquid medicine14and then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy1510, the medicine14tends to leak through the seal between the top of the bladder1580and the upper shell half1530, out through the gaps1552between the raised portions1586, and into the pet's mouth. Alternatively or additional, A plurality of dispenser outlets in the form of micro holes like the micro holes1054shown inFIGS. 14A and 14Bmay be disposed in the bladder1580, such as in the ends of the spokes1589, such that the liquid medicine14may leak out from the interior cavity under at least some conditions.

FIG. 16is a perspective view of a “tug ball” pet toy1110for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention. As shown therein, this pet medicine dispenser1110is similar to the pet medicine dispenser110ofFIG. 5in that it includes a ball structure1150and one or more dispenser outlets in the form of pad assemblies120disposed on, or embedded in, the surface of the support structure1150. In addition, however, the pet medicine dispenser1110ofFIG. 16further includes a rope, cord, or other handle1170attached to the ball structure1150. The handle1170may be attached at each of its ends to the ball structure1150, as shown, or it may be attached at only one end (not shown). When embodied as a rope, cord, or the like, the handle1170may be attached by inserting an end through a small aperture and knotting the end to prevent it from being withdrawn, but other attachment means may alternatively or additionally be utilized. Further, such a handle1170may be added to a ball having any number of other form factors, including those described and illustrated herein. The handle1170may be utilized by a human or another animal to engage in play with a pet12, wherein the pet12may grasp the ball- or other-shaped housing in its teeth, between its paws, or the like, while the human or other animal holds the handle1170, or vice versa.

In some embodiments, the ball structure1150may be solid, while in other the ball structure1150may be hollow. Each pad assembly120includes a medicine distribution pad122, preferably having a textured surface126and absorbent qualities, that is retained on or in the surface of the ball structure1150via a retention seal124. Liquid medicine14may be topically applied to the pad122and at least partially absorbed thereby. When the pet medicine dispenser1110is then provided to a pet12, and the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy1110, the medicine14tends to leak or be squeezed out of the pads122and into the pet's mouth.

FIG. 17Ais a perspective view of a “half paste ball” pet toy1210for dispensing medicine in accordance with one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, andFIG. 17Bis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser1210ofFIG. 17A, shown in an open state. As shown therein, the pet medicine dispenser1210includes a ball structure or shell, formed from two halves1220,1230, which may be connected using locking peg and slot structures1229,1239. With particular reference toFIG. 17B, the locking pegs1229fit into the locking slots1239. When the ball halves1220,1230are coupled together using the locking peg and slot structures1229,1239, openings1252exist around the middle of the medicine dispenser1210. The ball halves1220,1230may be made of rubber having a hardness, for example, of 0.85 durometers. In at least some embodiments, one or both ball halves1220,1230may be partially or completely made of transparent or translucent material.

The upper half1220also includes a pestle1244and the lower half1230includes a corresponding mortar1242, defining an interior well or other cavity1248. The mortar1242and pestle1244are aligned with each other and are sized such that the pestle1244may fit into the well1248of the mortar1242when moved together as described below. Exterior surfaces of the lower end of the pestle1244may be covered by protuberances, like those shown inFIGS. 1A-1G, or other surface features for at least a similar purpose.

FIG. 17Cis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser1210ofFIG. 17B, shown with the lower half1230filled with pet medicine in the form of a paste. With the lower half1230separated from the upper half1220, the interior well1248of the mortar1242may be filled with medicine14to a desired capacity. Fill lines (not shown) may be provided to aid in measuring out a desired dosage of the medicine14.

FIG. 17Dis a perspective view of the pet medicine dispenser1210ofFIG. 17C, shown with the two halves1220,1230assembled back together. With the lower half1230recoupled to upper half1220, the medicine14may begin to spill out of the mortar1242and out through the openings1252around the middle of the dispenser1210. Particularly when the medicine14is in paste or semi-solid form, this process is particularly facilitated when the ball halves1220,1230are pushed together, thereby forcing the end of the pestle1244into the medicine14contained in the mortar1242. Such action tends to cause the medicine14to spill out of the sides of the mortar1242and through the openings1252. Additional dispersal of the medicine14occurs as the medicine14begins to stick to the pestle1244and any protuberances or other surface features thereon. As the pet medicine dispenser1210is manipulated, the medicine14is broken apart and alternately sticks to the pestle1244and falls off and out through the openings1252. In at least some instances, the pet12may further assist in the process using its tongue by extending its tongue through the openings1252to reach the mortar1242, pestle1244, and the medicine14itself. In short, when the well1248of the mortar1242is filled with medicine14, and the dispenser1210is then provided to a pet12, the pet begins using its mouth to play with the toy1210, the medicine14tends to spill out of the mortar1242through a variety of means and subsequently disperses out through the ball openings1252and into the pet's mouth.

Based on the foregoing information, it will be readily understood by those persons skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible of broad utility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations of the present invention other than those specifically described herein, as well as many variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggested by the present invention and the foregoing descriptions thereof, without departing from the substance or scope of the present invention.