Photographic printing apparatus and paper magazine for use therewith

A photographic printing apparatus adapted to use a paper magazine having a coded mark indicating the type of a photographic paper contained therein. The code mark is automatically detected, when the paper magazine is mounted on the printing apparatus, by a code mark reader, to judge the paper type according to which the printing apparatus determines the printing conditions and makes a print, thereby to obtain a color print with proper color balance and density.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a photographic printing apparatus, and 
more particularly relates to a printing apparatus which is adapted to use 
a paper magazine containing therein a rolled photographic paper. The 
invention also relates to a paper magazine for use with such an apparatus. 
In photographic printing apparatus, it is usual to control correctively the 
exposures of the three primary color (blue, green and red) components of 
printing light based on the color densities of a negative picture frame in 
order to make a fine color print with proper color balance and density. 
For obtaining the proper exposures, there are several calculation 
equations well known in the art. According to one of the calculation 
equations, the proper exposure can be calculated numerically from the 
values of mean transmittance densities of a specific negative and a 
picture frame from which a color print is made. That is to say, the proper 
exposure is the sum of a standard exposure (constant) for the specific 
negative and an exposure which is the product of a coefficient and the 
difference in mean transmittance density between the two negatives. In 
practice, an exposure time for each color is calculated because that 
exposure is a value of the integration of illumination on a photographic 
paper with time, the luminosity of the printing light source being 
constant. The above-described constant and coefficient must be varied in 
accordance with several factors such as film balances, photographic paper 
balances, printing lens balances and so forth. 
For this reason, conventional printing apparatus has a plurality of 
printing channels for establishing a constant and a coefficient so as to 
control correctively the exposure of each color in order to make a fine 
print with proper color balance and density. The printing channels are 
selectively used in accordance with combinations of paper balances, lens 
balances, film balances and so forth. The paper balance which represents 
the type of photographic paper depends on combinations of paper speeds or 
sensitivities, emulsion types and surface properties. The lens balance 
which represents the type of printing lens depends on combinations of 
printing magnifications, aperture F-numbers and the like. The film balance 
which represents the type of film such as negative films, reversal films, 
etc. depends on combinations of film speeds or sensitivities, film 
formats, and producers who supply films. 
Such printing apparatus is adapted to use a paper supply magazine 
containing a rolled photographic paper therein and a paper take-up 
magazine in which an exposed photographic paper is wound. The photographic 
paper in the paper supply magazine is withdrawn therefrom frame by frame, 
and exposed to form thereon a latent image from a negative at an exposure 
station. Then the exposed photographic paper is taken up in the paper 
take-up magazine. 
A problem with which conventional printing apparatus is attended is that a 
manual resetting of paper balance is necessary every time a different 
photographic paper contained in a paper magazine is used. This manual 
resetting is executed through keys or dials on an operation panel and is, 
therefore, troublesome in operation. 
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a 
photographic printing apparatus which allows automatically determining 
printing conditions without the need to input thereinto information on the 
paper type of a photographic paper on which prints are made. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a photographic 
printing apparatus which is adapted to use a paper magazine containing 
therein a photographic paper on which prints are made, the printing 
apparatus allowing automatic printing condition determination when the 
paper magazine is mounted thereon. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with the present invention a paper magazine is provided with 
means for indicating the paper type of a photographic paper contained 
therein which is automatically detected, when the paper magazine is 
mounted on a printing apparatus, by detection means to judge its paper 
type. According to the judged paper type the printing apparatus determines 
the printing conditions, and makes a print based on the thus-determined 
printing conditions to obtain a color print with proper color balance and 
density. 
According to a feature of the present invention the detection means is so 
disposed as to be disposed opposite the paper type indication means when 
the paper magazine is mounted, allowing the automatic detection of the 
paper type of a photographic paper contained in the paper magazine. For 
the paper type indication means, a coded mark is provided on the outside 
of the housing of the paper magazine and is detected in a binary form by 
the detection means. This automatic paper type detection can allow 
printing without the need to pay attention to the paper type of the 
photographic paper on which prints are made.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Referring now to FIG. 1, shown therein is the photographic printing 
apparatus embodying the present invention. There are shown a white light 
source 10 and a diffusing box 11 so arranged as to illuminate a color 
negative film 12, with the result that diffused printing light emerges 
from the back of the negative film 12. There are provided, between the 
white light source 10 and the diffusing box 11, three color filters 13 to 
15, namely yellow, magenta and cyan, for cutting off the corresponding 
complementary color components of the printing light, namely blue, green 
and red, respectively. Theses color filters 13 to 15 are controlled by a 
filter drive 16 to enter into the optical path 17 of a projection lens 22. 
The color negative film 12 is held by a negative carrier 20 and advanced 
frame by frame so that a frame from which a print is to be made is placed 
in the printing station. There is provided, at the printing station, a 
masking plate 21 having an opening of the same size as the picture frame 
of the color negative film 12, this masking plate 21 being adapted to 
press down the color negative film 12 against the negative carrier 20 in 
order to hold it flat during printing. A shutter 23 is provided to allow 
the printing light passing through a frame at a printing station to reach 
a color photographic paper 24, forming a latent image thereon. The shutter 
23 is adapted to open and close under the control of a shutter drive 25. 
A paper supply magazine 27, which will be described in detail later, 
includes therein a web-like color photographic paper 24 rolled around a 
paper supply reel 28. This color photographic paper 24 is withdrawn by a 
pair of rollers 29 to be placed in the exposure station. After exposure, 
the color photographic paper 24 is advanced by another pair of rollers 30 
so as to be wound around a take-up reel 32 in a paper take-up magazine 31 
well known in the art. These paper magazines 27 and 31 are removably 
mounted on supporting brackets 33 and 34, respectively. The paper supply 
magazine 27 on a part thereof is provided with a code mark section 36 (see 
FIG. 2) representing the paper balance information of the photographic 
paper 24. 
There is a code mark reader 37 disposed relatively close to the paper 
supply magazine 27 to read photoelectrically a coded mark on the paper 
supply magazine 27 when the latter is mounted on the supporting bracket 
33. The code mark reader 37, which will be described in more detail in 
conjunction with FIG. 2, is adapted to receive light reflected from the 
code mark section 36 of the paper supply magazine 27 and to transmit the 
received light as an electric signal to a binarization circuit 38 where 
the signal is converted into a binary signal which in turn is transmitted 
to a micro-computer 39 serving as a control circuit. 
To the lower right of the printing station as seen in FIG. 1, there is 
provided a photosensor arrangement comprising three units 42, 43 and 44 of 
lenses 46, 48 and 50 and photosensors 47, 49 and 51, one pair for each 
primary color, namely blue, green and red. Each lens 46, 48, 50 forms an 
image of a picture frame on the corresponding photosensor 47, 49, 51. 
Therefore, the respective photosensors 47, 49 and 51 receive the 
corresponding color components of the light passing through the entire 
area of the picture frame and convert them to analog electric signals by 
color which in turn are transmitted to a logarithm transformer 53 in order 
to provide large-area transmittance densities Db, Dg and Dr for blue, 
green and red after having been converted into a digital form by an A/D 
converter 52. Each large-area transmittance density Di (where the suffix i 
means any one of the three primary colors) is transmitted to the 
micro-computer 39. 
The micro-computer 39 serving as a control circuit comprises I/O port 55, 
CPU 56, RAM 57, and ROM 58, each component per se being well known in the 
art, which is adapted to execute the control of the components or sections 
of the printing apparatus and the calculation of exposures on the basis of 
a programmed sequence stored in the ROM 58. In practice, because the same 
type of white light source is used, exposure calculation is executed as to 
an exposure time Ti (where the suffix i means any one of the three primary 
colors). Based on the exposure times Tr, Tg and Tb, a timer 59 causes the 
filter drive 16 to control the operation of the filters 13 to 15 for 
exposure time control. Specifically, the filter drive 16 normally keeps 
the filters 13 to 15 out of the optical path 17 of the projection lens 22 
but, when the shutter 23 is opened responsive to a print start indication 
to allow the color photographic paper 24 to be exposed to the printing 
light, drive 16 causes the respective filters 13 to 15 to move into the 
optical path 17 one after another after the corresponding exposure times 
Tr, Tg and Tb have elapsed so as to block the corresponding complementary 
color components of the printing light. An indicator 60 is provided for 
displaying the paper balance information read by the code mark reader 37. 
An operation panel 62, which cooperates with the micro-computer 39, is 
comprised of a film balance setting dial 63 for inputting information on 
the types of negative films, a lens balance setting dial 64 for inputting 
information on the types of projection lenses, and a start key for 
starting a print. It is to be noted that the film balance setting dial 63 
can be replaced by a bar-code reader for reading a bar-code of a negative 
film printed thereon outside a row of perforations which indicates the 
type of the negative film. The bar-code reader is desirably disposed just 
before the printing station and provides a signal indicating the film type 
which in turn is transmitted to the micro-computer 39. It is desirable to 
provide a rotatable lens head having a plurality of projection lenses of 
different focal lengths which are selectively placed in position 
responsive to manipulation of the lens balance setting dial 64. 
Furthermore, it is permissible to replace the settihg dials 63 and/or 64 
with ten keys or the like. 
Reference will now be had to FIG. 2 showing the paper supply magazine 27 in 
detail. The paper supply magazine 27 includes a box-like housing 26 with a 
side cover 26a hinged thereto at 26b for opening and closing movement. In 
the housing 26, the color photographic paper 24 rolled around the supply 
reel 28 is contained. The housing 26 is provided on a lower portion 
thereof, close to an outlet slit, with the code mark section 36 comprised 
of optical marks representing the paper balance of the photographing paper 
24 contained therein. This paper balance, as was described previously, 
depends on a combination of the paper speed, the type of the photographic 
paper and the surface properties of the photographic paper. The code mark 
is comprised of white marks (high reflectance marks) 36a and black marks 
(low reflectance marks) 36b which are so arranged as to code the paper 
balance of the photographic paper 24. In this illustrated embodiment, 
four-bits code marks are used which can indicate a maximum of 12 types of 
paper balances. 
As shown in FIG. 3 illustrating the micro-computer in the form of a 
function block diagram, the code mark reader 37, comprised of four 
reflection type phot sensors 37a to 37d each of which confronts one of the 
code marks, transmits the white and black marks 36a to 36d as electric 
analog signals to the binarization circuit 38 wherein the analog signals 
are compared with a reference signal to be translated into binary signals 
which in turn are transmitted to a printing channel section 70. Film 
balance and lens balance information is entered through the setting dials 
63 and 64, respectively, and is also transmitted to the printing channel 
section 70 after having been converted into a digital form by 
corresponding A/D converters 71 and 72. According to the combination of 
the entered information as to paper balance, film balance and lens 
balance, one of a plurality of printing channels is chosen. Each channel 
stores previously entered coefficients and constants to be substituted 
into an exposure calculation equation stored in an exposure time 
calculation section 77. When one printing channel is chosen, the 
coefficients and constants are read out and stored temporarily in a 
register 73. Let it be assumed in this embodiment that there are to be 
prepared several kinds of balance information; for example four for paper 
balance, ten for film balance, and fifteen for lens balance, and, in 
addition, a single master balance. These balances and the number of kinds 
of balances are to depend on the features of the individual printing 
apparatus. 
Each value of the large-area transmittance densities Di from the 
photosensor units 42 to 44, for blue, green and red which is temporarily 
stored in a memory 74, 75, 76 is retrieved upon printing to be transmitted 
to the exposure time (Ti) calculation section 77. The exposure time 
calculation section 77 executes calculations to obtain the exposure times 
by color in accordance with the following equation: 
EQU Log Ti=.alpha.i (Di-DNi)+Ki 
wherein 
.alpha.i is one of the three primary colors, blue, green and red 
i is a constant 
Di is the large-area transmittance density of a picture frame from which a 
print is made 
DNi is the large-area transmittance density of that standard picture frame 
which transmits the equivalent components of the three primary colors of 
printing light 
Ki is the exposure time for that standard picture frame. 
It is apparent that the values of .alpha.i, DNi and Ki are read out from 
the chosen printing channel and stored in the register 73. 
The sequential operation of the printing apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 as 
an embodiment of the present invention will be briefly described below. At 
the outset, after having mounted the paper supply magazine 27 on the 
supporting bracket 33, the leader portion of the web-like photographic 
paper 24 is withdrawn from the paper supply magazine 27 and introduced 
between the withdrawing rollers 29 and the advancing rollers 30 and then 
attached to the take-up reel 32 in the paper take-up magazine 31. At the 
same time, the code mark reader 37 reads the code marks of the code mark 
section 36 upon the paper supply magazine 27 being placed in position and 
transmits the code marks as electric analog signals to the binarization 
circuit 38 wherein the analog signals are binarized. 
In order to input the film balance of the color negative film 12 and the 
lens balance of the projection lens 22, the setting dials 63 and 64 are 
manually operated. The input information according to the film and lens 
balances is transmitted to the printing channel section 70 after having 
been converted into digital form by the A/D converters 71 and 72, 
respectively, with the result that one of the printing channels can be 
chosen in accordance with the combination of the input balance information 
as to the paper balance, the film balance and the lens balance. As a 
result of this printing channel choice, the coefficient .alpha.i and the 
constants DNi and Ki are retrieved from the chosen channel to be stored in 
the register 73. 
On the other hand, the negative carrier 20 advances the color negative film 
12 until a frame from which a print is to be made is disposed in the 
printing station. Because the color filters 13 to 15 are out of the 
optical path 27 before printing, the light from the white light source 10 
illuminates the color negative film 12 after having been sufficiently 
diffused. 
In the above-described condition of the printing apparatus, the 
micro-computer 39 causes the photosensor units 42 to 44 to transmit the 
large-area transmittance densities Di of the picture frame now in the 
printing station to, and to store them in, the respective memories 74 to 
76. 
The exposure time calculation section 77 retrieves the data .alpha.i, DNi 
and Ki from the register 73 and the large area transmittance densities Db, 
Dg and Dr from the memories 74 to 76 and calculates the exposure times Tb, 
Tg and Tr for the three primary colors by using the equation previously 
disclosed. 
Just after the measurement of the densities Di, the micro-computer 39 
causes the shutter drive 25 to open the shutter 23 and to hold it open so 
as to allow the exposure of the picture frame. At the beginning of 
exposure, the filter drive 16 keeps the filters 13 to 15 of yellow, 
magenta and cyan out of the optical path 17 of the projection lens 22. 
However, the filter drive 16 controls, in cooperation with the timer 59, 
the filters 13 to 15 to cause them to move into the optical path 17 one 
after another after the corresponding exposure times Tb, Tg and Tr have 
elapsed so as to block the corresponding complementary color components of 
the printing light, thereby completing the exposure of the picture frame. 
After a time sufficient to expose one frame, the filter drive 25 causes the 
filters 13 to 15 to retract from the optical path upon closing of the 
shutter 27. Next, the withdrawing rollers 29, the advancing rollers 30 and 
the take-up spool 32 start simultaneously to rotate, winding up the 
exposed part of the photographic paper 24 and advancing an unexposed part 
thereof into the printing station. On the other hand, the negative carrier 
20 advances the color negative film 12 by one picture frame so as to place 
the next picture frame in the exposure station. 
FIGS. 4 and 5 show the paper supply magazine according to another 
embodiment of the present invention which has a different form of code 
mark section. The paper supply magazine 80 has a box-like housing 81 with 
a side cover 81a hinged thereto at 81b for opening and closing movement, 
and a supply spool 82 disposed in the housing 81. The housing 81 is 
provided, on a lower portion thereof close to its outlet slot, with a code 
mark section 83 comprised of lugs 83a and recesses 83b. As in the magazine 
27, combinations of the lugs 83a and the recesses 83b indicate the types 
of photographic papers to be contained in the paper magazine 80. It will 
be understood by those skilled in the art that these lugs and recesses 
need only differ from one another and, therefore, it is necessary only 
that one of two kinds of marks be higher or lower than the other. 
Accordingly, each recess 17b may be replaced by a hole or a notch. 
Corresponding to this modification of the magazine, the code mark reader 37 
may also be replaced by a code reader 84 comprised of the same number of 
micro-switches 84a to 84d as the number of marks in the form of lugs 83a 
and recesses 83b, each micro-switch 84a to 84d being arranged to face a 
respective one of the marks. When the magazine 80 is mounted on the 
supporting bracket 33, only the microswitches 84a and 84c registering with 
the lugs 83a are turned ON, but the remaining micro-switches 84b and 84d 
are kept OFF. Consequently, a combination of two kinds of signals is 
transmitted from the code reader 83 to the microcomputer 39 (see FIG. 1) 
after having been converted into a binary form by the binarization circuit 
38, with the same result as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. 
In the above-described embodiments, although the code mark section is 
described as including information on the paper balance, it may also 
include information on the length of photographic paper, etc. If in fact 
the magazine has a code mark indicating the length of the photographic 
paper initially contained therein, it is possible to indicate the 
remaining length of the photographic paper contained therein as a result 
of the measurement of length of the exposed part thereof. 
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that color positive films 
can be handled the same as color negative films. 
Because certain changes may be made in the abovedescribed photographic 
apparatus without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is 
intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in 
the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not 
limiting.