Vehicle lamp assembly and retainer

A vehicle lamp assembly includes a retainer for a head lamp socket received within a receptacle in a reflector. The retainer has a body with a central opening and slots peripherally spaced around the opening to correspond with a predetermined alignment of projections on the socket body. The head lamp assembly can include high beam and low beam bulb and socket assemblies having distinguishable predetermined alignments of projections, and the retainer is particularly configured to inhibit forced installation of an incompatible socket within the receptacle. The retainer ring includes fingers adjacent each slot in a first circumferential direction for retaining each socket projection in pressed engagement against the reflector. An auxiliary nub is formed on at least one finger to restrict displacement of the projection from the finger toward the slot. A guide nub is formed between at least one slot and its adjacent finger to prevent cocked insertion of a non-compatible socket through the retainer and into an improper receptacle. A stop lug associated with the retainer includes a radially inward surface adjacent the periphery of the central opening in the retainer to prevent off-axis alignment of an improper socket within a lamp receptacle. The stop lug also includes a radially aligned abutment surface adjacent the end of a finger to prevent excessive rotation of the socket during installation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
I. Field of the Present Invention 
The present invention relates generally to vehicle lamps having a bulb and 
socket assembly, the bulb of which is insertable into a reflector 
receptacle, and more particularly to a retainer for retaining the socket 
portion and preventing forced insertion of incompatibly configured 
sockets. 
II. Description of the Prior Art 
In order to overcome production and packaging expenses for large sealed 
beam vehicle headlamps, it has been considered advantageous to reduce the 
size of the envelope enclosing a lamp filament and to support the smaller 
envelope within an enlarged reflector assembly. One known type of such 
insertable lamps includes a socket housing which is adapted to be received 
within a receptacle in the reflector. Nevertheless, while the envelope and 
socket structure are readily available from the lamp manufacturer, the 
means for mounting the assembly in the receptacle has been left to the 
vehicle manufacturer as a durable part of the vehicle which does not 
require repeated replacement. 
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,528,619 and 4,507,712 to Dolan et al. disclose a light 
bulb socket and a reflector assembly in which the receptacle for the 
socket includes projections adapted to be received in slots formed 
peripherally on the socket body. The socket is retained in its inserted 
position by a cap having a lip which engages a peripheral groove on the 
socket and a resilient base segment engaging a rear surface of the socket. 
The patents also disclose that the cap may be provided with projecting 
segments which are received in recesses of an upstanding flange on the 
socket so that once the flange has passed the end of the cap, the socket 
can be rotated slightly so that the flange is retained under the 
projections. 
These previously known constructions are disadvantageous for the reason 
that the formation of projections on the reflector and the cap as well as 
corresponding slots in the body of the socket substantially complicates 
the production of each of those components. In addition, high beam and low 
beam sockets may be formed with the same type of construction, and the 
references do not teach or suggest any means for avoiding inadvertent or 
forced installation of an improperly selected lamp socket within a 
receptacle intended for another lamp socket. 
One previously known socket construction intended to avoid installation of 
an improperly selected socket within the receptacle involves the use of 
different diameter sockets for high and low beam lamp assemblies. 
Accordingly, the reflectors are constructed with receptacles 
correspondingly sized to receive the different sockets. Nevertheless, 
while it may be appreciated that the larger socket body could not be fit 
into the smaller receptacle, it would still be possible for a smaller 
socket to be received within the larger diameter receptacle. 
A further previously known feature intended avoid such insertion involves 
the formation of an expanded flange on the lamp socket having projections 
in a predetermined alignment and wherein the predetermined alignment of 
the projection on the high beam socket differs from the circumferential 
spacing of the projections in the predetermined alignment on the low beam 
socket. However, in practice it has been found that known, available high 
beam and low beam socket structures have predetermined alignments which 
differ only by a slight offset of one of the projections, while the 
remaining two projections on each socket body remain similarly aligned. 
Moreover, the single projection on each type of socket which has been 
offset is offset only through a small angular variation such that it would 
still be possible to force installation of an improperly selected small 
diameter socket within a larger diameter receptacle by cocking or twisting 
the socket so as to align the offset projection with the slightly offset 
slot. 
Thus, the previously known socket constructions have not eliminated the 
possibility of defective vehicle assembly by forced installation of 
improperly selected sockets in a receptacle. The inability to preclude 
such improper installation can cause substantial difficulties in the mass 
production of motor vehicles as well as in repair and replacement of the 
lamp sockets as is often required in normal maintenance. 
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
The present invention overcomes the above mentioned disadvantages by 
providing a vehicle lamp assembly in which a retainer ring cooperates with 
the reflector to receive only the particular socket designed to be 
inserted within the receptacle of a reflector. With the present invention, 
this is accomplished by means for indexing the retainer with respect to 
the reflector as well as indexing means for receiving only a predetermined 
configuration of a socket to the exclusion of similarly constructed 
sockets. 
The invention provides fail-safe installation features without complicated 
construction of the receptacle formed within the reflector, and eliminates 
the need for redesign of the light sockets readily available from 
manufacturers, by incorporating one or more fail-safe features on a 
retaining ring adapted to be mounted to the reflector. The retainer 
includes indexing means for seating the retainer in a predetermined 
alignment on a predetermined reflector support mount but which does not 
permit the retainer to seat on an incompatible reflector construction. In 
addition, the retainer includes indexing means for receiving only a socket 
having properly aligned projections even though a smaller diameter socket 
is selected and even though the offset of a projection in a predetermined 
alignment on one of the high beam and low beam sockets varies only 
slightly from the position of a similar projection in a predetermined 
alignment on the other lamp socket. 
In general, the retainer ring has a body with a central opening and 
configurations at the periphery of the opening, which in the preferred 
embodiment are slots about the opening, corresponding with the positions 
of projections on a desired lamp socket. A finger on the body lies 
adjacent to each slot in a first circumferential direction. In the 
preferred embodiment, the retainer is a simple, one piece structure 
preferably formed from a stamped metal plate whereby the fingers are 
formed in one piece with the body of the retainer. The fingers resiliently 
bias the projections on the socket against the reflector. Each of the 
fingers may include a nub which assures proper spring tensioning of the 
finger against the projection. 
At least one auxiliary nub is provided between the finger nub and the 
adjacent slot so that the projections are restricted from movement from 
said finger toward the slot. A guide nub can also be formed between a slot 
and the adjacent finger to prevent cocked insertion of the socket 
projections in order to force an offset projection through an unintended 
slot. Furthermore, at least one stop lug can be associated with each 
retainer to provide a radially inward facing surface at the periphery of 
the central opening to prevent off-axis positioning of a socket within the 
retainer opening. The stop lug also forms a radially aligned abutment 
surface to prevent excessive rotation of the socket within the retainer. 
The retainer ring also includes a depending flange to avoid rotation of 
the socket in the retainer past the slots in a direction opposite to the 
first installation direction. 
Thus, the present invention provides a vehicle lamp assembly and retainer 
which is substantially easier to produce than some previously known 
replaceable lamp socket assemblies. In addition, the invention provides 
secure support for the removable sockets. Moreover, the invention avoids 
inadvertent or forced installation of an improperly selected socket in an 
unintended receptacle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring first to FIG. 1, a head lamp assembly 10 constructed in 
accordance with the present invention includes a housing 12 upon which is 
mounted a bezel 13. The housing 12 carries a low beam reflector 14 and a 
high beam reflector 16. Each reflector includes a support mounting 18 and 
20, respectively, to be described in greater detail hereinafter. 
Nevertheless, each support mounting 18 and 20 includes three support 
stanchions 17,19,21 and 23,25,27 spaced about a light socket receptacle 22 
and 24 respectively. Retainers 26 and 28 are bolted to the support 
stanchions 17,19,21 and 23,25,27 so that a central opening 30 in each of 
the retainers 26 and 28 is axially aligned with the receptacles 22 and 24 
respectively. The openings in the retainers 26 and 28 receive lamp sockets 
32 and 34, respectively, with the bulbs 33 and 35 of the bulb and socket 
assemblies being inserted into the receptacles 22 and 24. 
The assembly of these components is best shown in FIG. 2 where structural 
details of the receptacle 22 are shown. In the preferred embodiment, it is 
to be understood that the receptacles 22 and 24 have substantially 
identical structures except for the particular features to be discussed in 
greater detail hereinafter. The primary difference between the receptacles 
is that the diameter of the receptacle 22 is larger than the diameter of 
the receptacle 24 in correspondence with the feature that the leading 
portion 36 of the lamp socket 32 is larger than the diameter of the 
leading portion 36 of the lamp socket 34. As a result, it is to be 
understood that FIG. 2 represents a typical sectional view through both 
the low beam portion and the high beam portion of the lamp assembly 10. In 
any event, the leading portion 36 of each socket 32 or 34 is sealed 
against the periphery of its respective receptacle by a seal ring 38. 
Support for the socket 32 installed within the receptacle 22 includes a 
peripheral rim 40 about the receptacle 22 as well as a strengthening rib 
42 which engage portions of the socket. An enlarged diameter flange 44 on 
the socket 32 rests against the rim 40 and rib 42 as shown at 46 and 48 in 
FIG. 2. A similar flange 44 is also included on the socket 34 and has a 
like engagement with the receptacle 24. While each flange 44 includes a 
different predetermined alignment of a plurality of projections, to be 
described in greater detail hereinafter, FIG. 2 demonstrates a typical 
cross section though a projection 50 as it is pressed against the end of 
the rim 40 by a finger nub 52. 
Referring now to FIG. 3, the retainer 26 includes a generally flat body 54 
supported by a raised wall 56 (FIG. 2) supporting the body on three 
mounting tabs 58, 60 and 62. Each of the tabs rests upon a support 
stanchion 17,19,21 of the support mounting 18. Each of the support 
stanchions include raised locating lugs to peripherally entrain a tab on 
the support stanchion. One lug 68 on one support stanchion 21 is offset 
from a symmetrical arrangement of the lugs to define a predetermined 
alignment for attachment of the retainer 26 to the support mounting 18. 
Accordingly, tab 58 is truncated along one side as shown at 66 so as to 
rest against the radially recessed locating lug 68 on one stanchion. As a 
result, the retainer is constructed in cooperation with the support 
mounting 18 to provide a first indexing means for seating the tabs, and 
thus the retainer, in a predetermined alignment only. 
In a similar manner, as shown in FIG. 4, the flat body 54 of retainer 28 
includes a tab 70 and as well as tabs 60 and 62. However, the tab 70 is 
truncated along the side 72 so as to bear against the offset, radially 
recessed lug 74 on one of the stanchions 27 of support mounting 20. As a 
result, it will be understood that the retainer 28 includes a second 
indexing means for seating the retainer in a particular alignment on the 
support mounting 20. 
Furthermore, the differing truncations on the tabs 58 and 70 preclude 
seating of the retainer 28 upon the support mounting 18 for the receptacle 
22, since as diagrammatically indicated at 57, lug 68 would form an 
obstruction preventing seating of the tab 70 on the support mounting 18 
for the low beam receptacle 22. In a like manner, the recessed lug 74 
would prevent seating of the tab 58 on the set of stanchions 21,23,25 for 
supporting a retainer over the high beam receptacle 24. As a result, each 
indexing means seats the retainer in a predetermined alignment on one 
support mounting exclusively of the other support mounting. In the 
preferred embodiment, the tabs 58 and 70 include truncations which are 
shaped substantially as a mirror image of each other. 
Referring again to FIG. 3, the body 54 of retainer 26 includes a plurality 
of circumferentially spaced slots in communication with the central 
opening 30. The slots are shaped and positioned to correspond with socket 
projections which have provided by the lamp socket manufacturer. In the 
preferred embodiment, a slot 80 is adapted to receive a projection 50 
(shown in phantom line) of the socket 32 while slots 82 and 84 are 
positioned and shaped to correspond with projections 51 and 53 (shown in 
phantom line) on the socket 32. 
Adjacent each of the slots 80, 82 and 84 in the direction of arrow 86 shown 
in FIG. 3 is a spring finger. Each finger resiliently biases a projection, 
which has been inserted through the adjacent slot and rotated to an 
installed position beneath the finger, into engagement with the rim 40 as 
shown in FIG. 2. The resiliency of the retainer body material can be 
conveniently utilized for the resilient biasing by the formation of the 
nub 52. Preferably, the height of the nub corresponds to the axial length 
of the projection. 
A typical section of the nub 52 formed in each finger 88, 90 and 92 of the 
preferred embodiment during stamping is shown in FIG. 5. 
As is also shown in FIG. 5, the finger 88 also includes an auxiliary nub 64 
which inhibits displacement of the projection 50 toward the slot 80 once 
the projection 50 has been inserted through the slot and rotated beneath 
the body 54 of the retainer ring. 
As also shown in FIG. 3, a guide nub 76 is formed on the body 54 between 
the slot 84 and the finger 92. The guide nub 76 can be formed as a 
depression in the body 54 so as to provide an abutment surface as 
discussed in greater detail hereinafter with respect to FIGS. 7 and 8. 
Nevertheless, it is to be understood that the guide nub 76 restricts 
displacement of the projection 53 toward the finger 92 unless the socket 
32 is properly aligned with the axis of the receptacle and the projection 
53 rests against the end of the rim 40. 
Referring again to FIG. 4, the body 54 of the retainer 28 also includes a 
plurality of circumferentially spaced slots adapted to receive projections 
on the socket 34. However, unlike the predetermined alignment of the slots 
80, 82 and 84 disclosed in FIG. 3, a slot 81 in retainer 28 is offset with 
respect to the positions of the slots 82 and 84 to accommodate the offset 
positioning of the projection 55 with respect to the projections 51 and 53 
as occurs in a high beam socket currently made available by a known 
manufacturer. While the offset of the projection 55 with respect to the 
projections 51 and 53 on the socket 32 is intended by the manufacturer to 
distinguish between a high beam socket and a low beam socket, this offset 
is only an acute angular difference between the relative positions of the 
projections 50 and 55 with respect to the projections 51 and 53. 
Consequently, it has been found that this arrangement alone does not 
prevent forced insertion of the high beam socket 34 past the low beam 
retainer 26. 
As best demonstrated in FIG. 7, the slight offset between the projection 55 
and the slot 80 can be overcome for several reasons. First of all, as 
exhibited in FIG. 2, a space 45 is provided between the body 54 of the 
retainer 26 and a flange 44 on the socket to be installed. Manufacturing 
tolerances in the formation of the space 45, the central opening 30 and 
other components can permit the socket 34 to be cocked and twisted or 
otherwise manipulated until the nonaligned projection 55 slips into the 
offset slot 80. Since the projections 51 and 53 fit within the slots 82 
and 84 of the retainer 28, insertion of those projections through the 
slots may permit a socket to be eccentrically dislocated from the central 
axis of the receptacle 22 beneath the body of the ring so as to more 
nearly align the projection 55 with the slot 80 and the retainer 26. 
Moreover, by tilting the socket with respect to the central axis of the 
retainer opening, rotation of the partially inserted socket in the space 
45 between the retainer and the reflector allows alignment of the 
projection 55 with the slot 80. Thus, the present invention provides 
additional features which avoid this problem of forced insertion. 
As best shown in FIG. 8, the guide nub 76 prevents rotary displacement of a 
cocked or tilted socket by obstructing passage of the tab 53 past the 
guide nub 76 as diagrammatically illustrated in phantom line 77 in FIG. 8. 
However, as indicated in solid line in FIG. 8, uncocked positioning of the 
socket is required for the projection to pass the guide nub 76. Thus, the 
guide nub assures that only a socket having a projection 50 aligned 
accurately with the slot 80 can be accommodated by the retainer 26. 
In addition, the stop lug 98 prevents eccentric positioning by providing a 
radially inward facing surface 99 adjacent the periphery of the central 
opening 30 in the retainer 26. As a result, the socket 34 cannot be 
displaced off-axis from the central axis of the receptacle 22 for 
realignment of the projection 55 with the slot 80 for forced insertion of 
the socket 34 through the retainer 26. 
An additional feature of the retaining rings 26 and 28 is shown in FIG. 6. 
At least one of the slots terminates at a depending flange 96. Such a 
flange prevents insertion of the socket beneath body portions which do not 
have fingers for resiliently retaining the socket against the receptacle 
rim. Rather, projections inserted into the slots can be rotated only .in 
the direction toward the fingers. As a result, the socket cannot be 
twisted in the wrong direction whereby it would be subjected to 
substantial vibration without any pressure holding it against the rim 40 
of the reflector. 
In addition, the stop lug 98 includes a radially aligned surface 100. The 
radial surface 100 faces toward the finger 90 to prevent excessive rotary 
displacement of a properly installed socket by abutting against the 
projection retained under the finger. In the preferred embodiment, the 
stop lug 98 is formed as an axial projection on the rim 40 surrounding 
each receptacle. 
As a result, it will be understood that the vehicle lamp assembly and 
retainer of the present invention provides a stable and secure attachment 
of only a correspondingly configured socket within a reflector receptacle. 
Moreover, the present invention provides a head lamp assembly in which the 
retainers are indexed for installation on a support mounting surrounding 
only the receptacle corresponding to its compatible respective socket. 
Moreover, the retaining ring receives only the socket which properly 
corresponds to the receptacle at which it is secured so as to avoid 
inadvertent or forced installation of a non-compatible socket. 
Having thus described the present invention, many modifications thereto 
will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains 
without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention as 
defined in the appended claims.