Methods and systems for interference management

Methods and systems for Interference management are described. Methods and systems can be used for minimizing interference among communication and/or electronic devices. Interference data can be gathered/received from interference sources such as weather and natural patterns, various electronic devices, and one or more network protocols. The interference data can be used to generate interference patterns of each interference source in an interference map. The interference map can be used to determine how a particular interference pattern can affect a system. The interference map can also be used to evaluate a new source of interference (e.g., cordless phones, weather conditions) to determine how a system can be affected. The interference data can also be associated with an interference signature (e.g., an interference pattern, a fingerprint) for an interference source in a database. The database can be used based on the interference signature to identify known and/or unknown interference sources.

BACKGROUND

Communication devices are often affected by interference. Common types of interference can comprise crosstalk or co-channel interference (CCI), inter-carrier interference (ICI) from signal modulation, electromagnetic interference (EMI) from an emission from an external source, and the like. Weather conditions can also affect the transmission of signals through air, thereby changing operating conditions of communication devices relying on those signals. Thus, there is a need for more sophisticated methods and systems for interference management. These and other shortcomings are addressed in the present disclosure.

SUMMARY

It is to be understood that both the following general description and the following detailed description are examples and explanatory only and are not restrictive. Methods and systems for interference management are disclosed. The disclosed methods and systems can be used for minimizing interference among devices in a system. Interference data can be received and/or gathered from interference sources, sensors that monitor interference sources, combinations thereof, and the like. Examples of interference sources can comprise various devices. The various devices can include communication, and/or electronic devices including both wired and wireless devices (e.g., microwave ovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, various communication protocols used by devices, and the like). Interference sources can also comprise non-devices such as weather conditions and other natural phenomena. The interference data can be used to create and/or generate interference patterns for each interference source. The interference patterns can be mapped to an interference map, which can illustrate spatial relationships of the interference patterns, interference sources, non-interference objects (e.g., furniture, walls, and the like), combinations thereof, and the like. The interference map can be used to determine how a particular interference pattern can affect the system. The interference map can also be used to evaluate an unknown or a new source of interference (e.g., a cordless phone, a weather condition) to determine how the system might be affected. The interference map can be used as a guide to modify one or more characteristics of one or more of the interference sources to minimize interference in the system. The interference data from an interference source and the generated interference patterns can also be associated with an interference signature (e.g., a fingerprint) in a database. The interference signature can be searched to identify known and/or unknown interference sources.

In an aspect, an example method can comprise receiving interference data from a plurality of interference sources, sensors that monitor interference sources, combinations thereof, and the like. In an aspect, an interference pattern can be created and/or generated based on the interference data received. The interference pattern can comprise a spatial distribution of the interference for each of the plurality of interference sources associated with a frequency spectrum. As an example, the interference pattern can be a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in the form of spatial coordinates of a specific location, a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ), a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, long term evolution (LTE)) at the spatial coordinates of the specific location (e.g., global positioning system (GPS) coordinates), combinations thereof, and the like. In an aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined. The change in the interference pattern can be used to infer a new interference source or a change in a known interference source of the plurality of interference sources. In an aspect, an interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern can be determined based on the change in the interference pattern. For example, the interference source can be determined by comparing known interference patterns of known interference sources stored in a database to the changed interference pattern. For example, each interference source can have a unique interference pattern, which can be used to create and/or generate an interference signature for each interference source. Interference source information can be included in the interference signature such as an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level, user information, and/or the like to identify the interference source. To determine which interference source caused the change in the interference pattern, stored interference signatures can be compared to interference data gathered/received and generated interference patterns. For example, if the change in the interference pattern indicates a frequency that matches an operation frequency stored in an interference signature of a known interference source, then the interference source that caused the changed interference pattern is likely the known interference source that has the same operation frequency.

In an aspect, an example method can comprise receiving interference data, from a plurality of interference sources. In an aspect, the interference data can be associated with spatial coordinates of the plurality of interference sources in a defined space (e.g., room, building, home, office, park, and the like). One or more positioning devices (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS), an accelerometer, a pressure sensor, and/or the like) installed in a computing device can determine the spatial coordinates (e.g., dimensions, an altitude) of the defined space. The computing device can also receive interference data associated with each spatial coordinate. The computing device can be configured to receive interference data, such as radio interference data, microwave interference data, infrared interference data, visible light interference data, ultraviolet interference data, X-ray interference data, combinations thereof, and the like. In an aspect, the computing device can receive signals and determine the interference data from the received signals. In an aspect, an interference pattern can be created and/or generated based on the interference data and the respective spatial coordinates of the plurality of interference sources. The interference pattern can be created and/or generated by plotting the interference data at the respective spatial coordinates on an interference map. The interference map can be stored in a database. In an aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be detected. The computing device can monitor the interference pattern of a defined space and compare the monitored interference pattern to the stored interference map to determine whether the interference pattern has changed. In an aspect, an interference source of the plurality of interference sources that contributes to the change in the interference pattern can also be determined. Each interference source of the plurality of interference sources can have a unique interference pattern, which can be used to create and/or generate an interference signature for each interference source. Interference source information can be included in the interference signature. Interference source information can comprise an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level, user information, and/or the like. To determine which interference source caused the change in the interference pattern, stored interference signatures can be compared to interference data gathered and/or received and interference patterns created and/or generated. For example, if the change in the interference pattern indicates a frequency that matches an operation frequency in an interference signature of a known interference source, then the interference source that caused the changed interference pattern is likely the known interference source that has the same operation frequency.

In an aspect, an example method can comprise determining a first performance level of an interference source of a system comprising a plurality of interference sources. The first performance level can be a level of one or more performance parameters of the interference source such as a number of errors occurring in the interference source, a speed of the interference source, and/or the like. The interference source can have a threshold performance level that is a performance level that is not acceptable for the interference source. In an aspect, an interference pattern of the system can be determined. The interference pattern of the system can be determined based on interference data received from the system. As an example, the interference pattern can comprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of interference sources associated with a frequency spectrum. In an aspect, at least one characteristic (e.g. a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, a power level, an operation time, and the like) of at least one of the plurality of the interference sources can be adjusted based on the determined interference pattern and the first performance level. For example, an interference source can be operating at a first performance level that is not acceptable, and therefore an adjustment (e.g., change) in one or more characteristic of at least one of the plurality of interference sources may change the first performance level of the interference source to a second performance level that is acceptable.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present methods and systems may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and the examples included therein and to the FIGS. and their previous and following description.

The present disclosure relates to interference management. The disclosed methods and systems can be used for minimizing interference among devices in a system. Interference data can be received and/or gathered from interference sources, sensors that monitor interference sources, combinations thereof, and the like. Examples of interference sources can comprise various devices (e.g., communication, and/or electronic devices including both wired and wireless device) such as microwave ovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, various communication protocols used by devices, and the like. Interference sources can also comprise non-devices such as weather conditions and other natural phenomena. The interference data can be used to create and/or generate interference patterns for each interference source. The interference patterns can be mapped on an interference map, which can illustrate spatial relationships of the interference patterns, interference sources, non-interference objects, combinations thereof, and the like. The interference map can be used to determine how a particular interference pattern can affect the system. The interference map can also be used to evaluate an unknown or a new source of interference (e.g., a cordless phone, a weather condition) to determine how the system might be affected. The interference map can be used as a guide to modify one or more characteristics of one or more of the interference sources to minimize interference in the system. The interference data from an interference source and generated interference patterns can also be associated with an interference signature (e.g., a fingerprint) in a database. The interference signature can be searched to identify known and/or unknown interference sources.

FIG. 1illustrates various aspects of a system100. The system100can comprise a computing device104. The computing device104can be configured to receive (e.g., gather, collect) interference data, from a plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102dthat contribute to interference. The computing device can also receive sensor data from sensors that monitor interference originating from interference sources. In an aspect, the plurality of interference sources can comprise communication and/or electronic devices102a,102b, and102c. In an aspect, the plurality of interference sources can comprise other non-device interference sources102dsuch as a weather condition, celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. As an example, interference sources102a,102b,102ccan comprise one or more of microwave ovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, and/or the like. In an aspect, communication devices and electronic devices, such as interference sources102a,102b, and102c, can generate interference that affects performance and/or communication of other communication devices and electronic devices. Interference sources can include any device that can produce interference that impacts the device itself and/or other devices. Interference can include, but is not limited to, co-channel interference (CCI), inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by Doppler shift in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), electromagnetic interference (EMI), combinations thereof, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device104can monitor the system100and receive data from the plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102dthrough wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, a satellite) and/or physical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, or a combination thereof). The computing device104can also receive data from sensors that can measure interference. Sensors that can measure interference of an interference source, such as weather, can include a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer, a hydrometer, a rain gauge, and the like. In an aspect, the data, can comprise interference data. As an example, the interference data can comprise weather data, position data, signal strength data, modulation technique data, power level data, network protocol data, network channel data, network address data, operation time data, and/or the like. Thus, relative positions (e.g., a proximity) of the plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c) and the computing device104can be determined from the interference.

In an aspect, the computing device104can comprise a receiver (e.g., an N×M multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) WiFi receiver) configured to receive (e.g., gather, collect, measure) signals from an interference source102a,102b,102c, and/or102dfrom which the computing device104can determine (e.g., calculate, compute) interference data from changes in the signals. In an aspect, the receiver can have multiple receiver channels which are capable of measuring relative direction of a signal with the highest transmission energy. For example, a wideband or a full spectrum receiver in a cable modem, a satellite television, and a cable television can be configured to perform a spectral analysis to measure energy content including a signal carrier, a signal harmonic and/or a signal intermodulation. Changes in the energy content can indicate interference and can be used to determine the interference source (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d). For example, when the energy content is measured over time, the spectral analysis can indicate to the receiver whether an interference source (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d) has a frequency modulated signal or a frequency hopping signal. As an example, certain signal types such as Bluetooth (802.15.1) and Zigbee (802.15.4) use frequency hopping or spread spectrum techniques which can be readily detected. In another example, cordless and cellular technologies (such as digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT) and code division multiple access (CDMA)) can have a bandwidth that is well-defined.

In an aspect, a time domain analysis of the energy content can determine a pulse-repetition-frequency (PRE) of an interference source (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d). Time domain analysis of the energy content to determine PRF can be used in situations where signal analysis results in more than one type of interference source causing the interference. In another aspect, time domain analysis determining the PRF of an interference source can be used in place of signal analysis. As an example where PRF is used to determine an interference source, microwave ovens transmit either a continuous wave (CW) or long cycles of a signal lasting several seconds or more. As another example, Global System for Mobile (GSM) cellular transmitters have a relatively higher PRF in comparison with microwave ovens (approximately 216 Hz with an 8 Hz component). Based on the PRF, the computing device104can determine whether an interference source is a microwave oven or a GSM cellular transmitter.

In an aspect, other sources of interference such as terrestrial microwave links, security fences, and aeronautical transmissions have well documented characteristics. Therefore, the receiver (such as a receiver used in a WiFi device, a television, or cellular devices) can determine spatial coordinates, a type of radio frequency interference, and a signal strength present at a specific location. In an aspect, the spectral analysis can take place over periods of days or weeks to determine whether interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d) are regular (e.g., a daily flight) or transient (e.g., a police car responding to an alarm).

In an aspect, an interference map can be generated for the system100based on the interference data of the plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102d. In an aspect, the presence and/or operation of one or more of the plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102d(e.g., a microwave oven, a printer, a computer, a tablet, a telephone, and/or the like) can be tracked according to the interference data received (e.g., gathered, collected) by the computing device104. The interference data can be used to determine an interference pattern, which can be associated with a particular location within the system100. The interference pattern can be a magnitude of interference received (measured, collected, gathered) at a respective locations in the system100, The presence and/or operation of one or more of the plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d) can change the interference pattern by changing signal strength data, modulation technique data, power level data, and/or other types of interference data of the interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d).

In an aspect, to generate an interference map, the computing device104(e.g., a smart phone, a tablet) can define a plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d) and/or interference patterns within a space (e.g., a house) of the system100, For example, a user can physically move the computing device104to specific locations (e.g., four corners) of the space. The computing device104can comprise one or more positioning devices (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS), an accelerometer, a pressure sensor, and/or the like) that can determine spatial coordinates (e.g., dimensions, altitude, and the like) of the space. At each of the spatial coordinates, the user can also measure the interference present at the spatial coordinates.

In an aspect, the computing device104can create and/or generate the interference map of the space with one or more interference patterns based on the interference data received. The computing device104can create and/or generate the interference map by aggregating and/or plotting each of the spatial coordinates determined and respective interference data. As an example, the interference pattern can comprise one or more of: a radio interference pattern, a microwave interference pattern, an infrared interference pattern, a visible light interference pattern, an ultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, combinations thereof, and the like. For example, the computing device104can receive radio interference patterns that are in terms of radio frequency strength data (e.g., a received signal strength indication (RSSI) value) at each specific location. As such, the computing device104can map the interference patterns to the space in terms of radio frequency strength (e.g., an RSSI value), and/or radio frequency. As an example, the interference pattern can be a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data on the interference map in the form of an RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE) at specific spatial coordinates (e.g., GPS coordinates) on the interference map.

In an aspect, the interference map can be a two dimensional representation and/or a three dimensional representation of the interference patterns (e.g., an RSSI value and/or a radio frequency). In an aspect, the interference map can comprise a heat map where the color of the interference pattern can indicate the magnitude of the interference pattern (e.g., an RSSI value). In another aspect, the interference map can comprise an elevation map where a height and/or a depth of the interference pattern can indicate the magnitude of the interference. In an aspect, the interference map can be dynamic such that the interference patterns on the interference map are tracked over a time duration.

In an aspect, the interference map of the space within the system100can be stored in a database. The interference map can include the interference patterns received by the computing device104. Each interference source102a,102b,102c, and102dand combinations thereof can have a unique interference pattern, which can be used to create and/or generate an interference signature for each interference source102a,102b,102c, and102d. Other interference source information can be included in the interference signature such as an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level, user information, and/or the like. The interference signature can be used to detect the presence of a specific device (e.g., an interference source) within the system100. Comparing interference patterns of stored interference signatures to newly created and/or generated interference patterns can identify an interference source that caused the change in the interference pattern. For example, if the change in the interference pattern indicates a frequency that matches an operation frequency in an interference signature of a known interference source, then the interference source that caused the changed interference pattern is likely the known interference source that has the same operation frequency.

In an aspect, one or more computing devices such as the computing device104can monitor the interference pattern of the system100by regularly receiving (e.g., gathering, collecting) the interference data, and/or generating (e.g., determining, calculating) the interference data based on measurements of the system100. The computing device104can determine a change in the interference pattern based on the received interference data. The computing device104can determine the change in the interference pattern by comparing a new generated interference pattern from the received interference data to previously generated interference patterns. The computing device can identity differences that can denote the change in the interference pattern. In another aspect, the computing device104can compare the generated interference patterns from the interference data at different times to corresponding times of the interference patterns that are stored in the database. For example, a change in the interference pattern can be determined every day at 9:00 AM, and the change in the interference pattern can indicate that an airplane is flying over the system100or that someone leaves the system100at that time.

Accordingly, the change in the interference pattern can indicate a new interference source has entered and/or left the system100. In an aspect, the change in the interference pattern can be used to infer an operational status of the interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102d. An interference source of the plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102dthat contributes to the change in the interference pattern can be determined based on the change. For example, the change in the interference pattern can indicate an interference pattern of an interference signature of a known interference source. The computing device104can compare the generated interference pattern from the received interference data to interference patterns of interference signatures stored in the database. The interference signatures can be from the interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102d. If the generated interference pattern substantially matches an interference pattern of an interference signature stored in the database, then the computing device104can determine that the interference source that caused the change in the interference pattern is the interference source having the matching interference signature. In an aspect, a type of the interference source can be determined from the interference signature. For example, the computing device104can indicate whether the interference source is an access point, a smart phone, a television, humidity in the air, and the like. As an example, a microwave oven can operate at 2450 MHz and thereby can cause interference at this frequency on a frequency spectrum. Thus, if a peak signal is detected at 2450 MHz, the computing device104can determine a microwave oven is in operation.

In an aspect, a network address of the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan be determined from the interference signature. For example, the network address can comprise an internet protocol address, a network address, a media access control (MAC) address, an Internet address, and/or the like. In another aspect, a user associated with the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan be determined. For example, a user can comprise an identity associated with the interference source102a,102b, and102c. In another aspect, a location within the space associated with the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan be determined. For example, the location can comprise spatial coordinates, such as a latitude, a longitude, an altitude, a relative position with respect to a specific point (e.g., an access point), combinations thereof, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device104can also determine that a new interference source that entered the system100is an unknown interference source based on a new interference pattern associated with the new interference source. As an example, existing interference patterns of the plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102dcan comprise a frequency spectrum and a respective spatial distribution of the plurality of interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102d. The existing interference patterns can be associated with interference signatures of the interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102d. The interference signatures can be stored in the database associated with the computing device104. In an aspect, other signature information (e.g., an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a power level, and the like) associated with the interference signatures of the interference sources102a,102b,102c, and102dcan be stored in the database as part of the interference signature. The database can be searched when a change in the interference pattern is determined. The database can be searched for interference signatures that have an interference pattern matching the new interference pattern. In an aspect, when the new interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern cannot be identified in the database, the computing device104can request and/or receive necessary data associated with the unidentified interference source, and update the database accordingly. For example, the computing device104can determine a type of interference source of the new interference source from the new interference pattern. For example, the computing device104can determine that the new interference source is likely a mobile phone from similar existing interference patterns of interference signatures. The computing device104can try to obtain information from the new interference source through a variety of mobile communication protocols. In an aspect, an authorized user (e.g., a system administrator) can be prompted to acknowledge and/or register the new interference source added to the system100.

In another aspect, when the new interference pattern associated with the new interference source is identified from interference patterns of the interference signatures stored in the database and the interference source is a device, then the presence of a specific user associated with the user device can be confirmed. For example, if the computing device104determines that there is a match of the new interference pattern to the interference pattern of the interference signature stored, then the computing device104can determine that a specific user (e.g., Dad) is watching TV in a living room because a smart phone associated with the specific user is detected to be within 3 feet of a set top box in the living room. The computing device104can detect the smart phone based on the new interference pattern and interference signature of the smart phone stored in the database. As another example, the computing device104can determine that a specific user device has accessed a predefined network (e.g., a home network) and/or entered a predefined area and/or associated time of access or entry.

In an aspect, when a change in an interference pattern of an interference map of the system100is determined, a change in at least one characteristic of one or more interference sources102a,102b, and102ccan be determined. As an example, the at least one characteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, a signal transmission rate, and other characteristics of the interference sources102a,102b, and102c. For example the change in at least one characteristic can occur to the interference source that causes the change in the interference pattern. As another example, the change in at least one characteristic can occur to a device (which can also be an interference source) that is affected by the interference source causing the change in the interference pattern. As another example, another interference source in the system100can have at least one characteristic changed to allow the device affected by the interference source to perform more optimally. As another example, changes to characteristics by any of the options above can be combined.

In an aspect, the change in the at least one characteristic can occur when a threshold performance level of a performance parameter of the device (e.g., an interference source, electronic device) affected by the new interference pattern in the system100is not acceptable. As an example, one or more performance parameters, such as a number of errors occurring in the device, a speed of the device, and/or the like, can be at a threshold level that is not acceptable for the device. The threshold level of a performance parameter can indicate when a change to the at least one characteristic should occur. A change in at least one characteristic can change the performance parameter from a first performance level to a second performance level. The second performance level can have the performance parameter at an acceptable threshold level.

As an example of a change in at least one characteristic, network channels can be reassigned for a plurality of access points within close proximity in a predefined area according to the determined interference source and associated characteristic. As another example characteristic change, a beacon or a trigger can be established in the plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c). The computing device104can establish a round robin schedule to enable each interference source102a,102b, and102cto take turns using a spectrum. As another example, the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan coordinate power levels with each other via the computing device104to minimize interference in the system100. As another example of a characteristic change, a first access point (AP1) can be configured to receive signals from a second access point (AP2) and a third access point (AP3). AP2 can be configured to transmit signals from the AP3 to the AP1. When interference reduces a signal transmission rate of the AP2, the AP3 can be configured to transmit signals directly to the AP1. The characteristic change where by signals are sent to the AP1 from the AP3 can be achieved by AP1 switching to the AP3 service set identifier (SSID), which is stored as a backup. In an aspect, a power level can also be coordinated. For example, an AP2 power level can be increased to overcome interference. As another example, a signal modulation can be modified to improve a signal noise ratio between the AP1 and the AP2. Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology can also be used to create and/or generate a multiple path transmission.

In an aspect, a determined interference source and/or an associated characteristic can be uncontrollable (e.g.,102d). Examples of uncontrollable interference sources can comprise weather conditions, celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. When the determined interference source is an uncontrollable interference source, then the computing device104can change characteristics such as positions, operation frequencies, operation channels, modulation techniques, error correction techniques, power levels, and the like of a controllable interference source (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c).

FIG. 2illustrates various aspects of an exemplary system200. In one aspect of the disclosure, the system200can be configured to offer services (such as network-related services) to a user device. The system200can comprise a user device102(e.g., interference sources102a,102b, and102c) in communication with a computing device104such as a server, for example. The computing device194can be disposed locally or remotely relative to the user device102. As an example, the user device102and the computing device104can be in communication via a private and/or public network105such as the Internet or a local area network. Other forms of communications can be used such as wired and wireless telecommunication channels.

In an aspect, the user device102can be an electronic device such as a computer, a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet, a set top box, a display device, a printer, a microwave, a printer, a computer, a tablet, a telephone, a cordless phone, a network node, a network device, a communication terminal, a transmitter, other device capable of communicating with the computing device104. As an example, the user device102can comprise a communication element106for offering an interface to a user to interact with the user device102and/or the computing device104, The communication element106can be any interface for presenting and/or receiving information to/from the user, such as user feedback. An example interface may be a communication interface such as a web browser (e.g., Internet Explorer®, Mozilla Firefox®, Google Chrome®, Safari®, or the like). Other software, hardware, and/or interfaces can be used to facilitate communication between the user and one or more of the user device102and the computing device194. As an example, the communication element106can request or query various files from a local source and/or a remote source. As a further example, the communication element106can transmit data to a local or remote device such as the computing device104,

In an aspect, the user device102can be associated with a user identifier or device identifier108. As an example, the device identifier108can be any identifier, token, character, string, or the like, for differentiating one user or user device (e.g., a user device102) from another user or user device. In a further aspect, the device identifier198can identify a user or user device as belonging to a particular class of users or user devices. As a further example, the device identifier108can comprise information relating to the user device such as a manufacturer, a model or type of device, a service provider associated with the user device102, a state of the user device102, a locator, and/or a label or classifier. Other information can be represented by the device identifier108.

In an aspect, the device identifier108can comprise an address element110and a service element112. In an aspect, the address element110can comprise or make available an internet protocol address, a network address, a media access control (MAC) address, an Internet address, or the like. As an example, the address element110can be relied upon to establish a communication session between the user device102and the computing device104or other devices and/or networks. As a further example, the address element110can be used as an identifier or locator of the user device102. In an aspect, the address element110can be persistent for a particular network.

In an aspect, the service element112can comprise an identification of a service provider associated with the user device102and/or with the class of user device102, The class of the user device102can be related to a type of device, a capability of a device, a type of service being offered, and/or a level of service (e.g., a business class, a service tier, a service package, etc.). As an example, the service element112can comprise information relating to or made available by a communication service provider (e.g., an Internet service provider) that is offering or enabling data flow such as communication services to the user device102. As a further example, the service element112can comprise information relating to a preferred service provider for one or more particular services relating to the user device102. In an aspect, the address element110can be used to identify or retrieve data from the service element112, or vise versa. As a further example, one or more of the address element110and the service element112can be stored remotely from the user device102and retrieved by one or more devices such as the user device102and the computing device104. Other information can be represented by the service element112.

In an aspect, one or more network devices116can be in communication with a network such as network105. As an example, one or more of the network devices116can facilitate the connection of a device, such as the user device102, to the network105. As a further example, one or more of the network devices116can be configured as a wireless access point (WAP). In an aspect, one or more network devices116can be configured to allow one or more wireless devices to connect to a wired and/or wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or any desired method or standard.

In an aspect, the network devices116can be configured as a local area network (LAN). As an example, one or more network devices116can comprise a dual band wireless access point. As an example, the network devices116can be configured with a first service set identifier (SSID) (e.g., associated with a user network or a private network) to function as a local network for a particular user or users. As a further example, the network devices116can be configured with a second service set identifier (SSID) (e.g., associated with a public/community network or a hidden network) to function as a secondary network or redundant network for connected communication devices.

In an aspect, one or more network devices116can comprise an identifier118. As an example, one or more identifiers can be or relate to an Internet Protocol (IP) Address IPV4/IPV6 or a media access control address (MAC address) or the like. As a further example, one or more identifiers118can be a unique identifier for facilitating communications on the physical network segment. In an aspect, each of the network devices116can comprise an identifier118that is distinct. As an example, the identifiers118can be associated with a physical location of the network devices116.

In an aspect, the computing device104can be a server for communicating with the user device102. As an example, the computing device104can communicate with the user device102for offering data and/or services. As an example, the computing device104can offer services such as network (e.g., Internet) connectivity, network printing, media management (e.g., a media server), interference management, content services, streaming services, broadband services, or other network-related services. In an aspect, the computing device104can allow the user device102to interact with remote resources such as data, devices, and files. As an example, the computing device104can be configured as (or disposed at) a central location (e.g., a headend, or a processing facility), which can receive content (e.g., data, input programming) from multiple sources. The computing device104can combine the content from the multiple sources and can distribute the content to user (e.g., subscriber) locations via a distribution system.

In an aspect, the computing device104can manage the communication between the user device102and a storage system114for sending and receiving data therebetween. As an example, the storage system114can store a plurality of files, user identifiers or records, or other information. As a further example, the user device102can request and/or retrieve a file from the storage system114. In an aspect, the storage system114can store information relating to the user device102such as the address element110and/or the service element112. As an example, the computing device104can obtain the device identifier108from the user device102and retrieve information from the storage system114such as the address element110and/or the service elements112. As a further example, the computing device104can obtain the address element110from the user device102and can retrieve the service element112from the storage system114, or vice versa. In an aspect, the storage system114can comprise a database124configured for storing interference data received from the plurality of interference sources (e.g., user device102), storing interference patterns based on the interference data, storing interference signatures, and/or storing interference maps. For example, the computing device104can search the database124to determine whether an interference source is known or an unknown to the system200by comparing received interference data with stored interference data. When the interference source is known to the system200, the computing device104can determine data (e.g., a user, a location, a network address, and/or the like) associated with the known interference source from the database124. When the interference source is unknown to the system200, the computing device104can receive (e.g., acquire, collect, etc.) necessary data associated with the unknown interference source and update the database124. Any information can be stored in and retrieved from the storage system114. The storage system114can be disposed remotely from the computing device104and accessed via direct or indirect connection. The storage system114can be integrated with the computing device104or some other device or system.

In an aspect, the computing device104can comprise a receiver120. The receiver120can be configured to receive interference data from one or more user devices102, network devices116, or other sensors that can monitor and gather data from interference sources. For example sensors can include a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer, a hydrometer, a rain gauge, and the like. As an example, the interference data can comprise weather data, position data, signal strength data, modulation technique data, power level data, network protocol data, network channel data, network address data, and the like. The receiver120can receive interference data through wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, a satellite) and/or physical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, or a combination thereof).

In an aspect, the computing device104can comprise a processor122. The processor122can determine (e.g., calculate, create, generate) a pattern (e.g., an interference pattern) based on the interference data received by the receiver120. In an aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a frequency spectrum associated with a plurality of user devices (e.g., the user device102). The frequency spectrum can comprise a radio frequency spectrum, a microwave frequency spectrum, an infrared frequency spectrum, a visible light frequency spectrum, an ultraviolet frequency spectrum, an X-ray frequency spectrum, combinations thereof, and the like. In another aspect, the interference pattern can comprise location information (e.g., spatial coordinates) of a plurality of user devices (e.g., the user device102). The interference pattern can be stored in the database124. In an aspect the interference pattern can be associated with an interference signature of an interference source. An interference signature can comprise the interference pattern, an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a location, a power level, user information, and/or the like to identify the interference source. In an aspect, the interference pattern can be plotted on an interference map.

In an aspect, the processor122can determine a change in the interference pattern. For example, the change in the interference pattern can comprise a change in amplitude of a specific frequency or a frequency spectrum. The change in the interference pattern can indicate a type of interference source that is contributing to the change in the interference pattern, such as a specific type of device, a specific weather condition, and the like. For example, a microwave oven operates at 2450 MHz and thereby causes interference at this frequency. Thus, if a peak signal is detected at 2450 MHz, the computing device104can determine a microwave oven is in operation. The computing device104can compare the changed interference pattern that has the 2450 MHz signal to interference patterns stored in a database124or interference patterns associated with an interference signature stored in the database124. As another example, the processor122can also determine whether the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is known or unknown to the system200. If the changed interference pattern does not exist in the database124the computing device104can determine that the interference source causing the change is unknown.

In an aspect, the processor122can determine a change in at least one characteristic of one or more interference sources based on the interference source determined to cause the change in the interference pattern. The change in at least one characteristic can occur to a user device102that is affected by the interference source that caused the change in the interference pattern. In an aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can occur to a network device116which may or may not be affected by the change in the interference pattern. In another aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can occur to the interference source that caused the change in the interference pattern. In another aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can occur to another interference source. As an example, the at least one characteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, a combination thereof, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device104can transmit a signal (e.g., command, instruction) to the user device102, the network device116, other interference source, combinations thereof, and the like, (e.g., for example utilizing an Application Programming Interface (API)) that causes the user device102, the network device116, other interference source, combinations thereof, and the like to change the at least one characteristic. The computing device104can transmit the signal via the network105.

FIG. 3Aillustrates various aspects of an interference map301a system300. The system300can comprise a plurality of user devices, such as a printer302a, a telephone302b, and a computer302c. Each user device302a,302b,302ccan be a source of interference for the system300. The user devices302a,302b,302ccan be examples of interference sources102a,102b, and102cofFIG. 1. In an aspect, the interference map301illustrates interference patterns (e.g., electromagnetic waves303a,303b, and303c) originating from the respective user devices302a,302b, and302c. In an aspect, the electromagnetic waves303a,303b, and303ccan comprise the same or similar frequency, thereby causing interference for the system300. For example, when two or more propagating waves (e.g.,303a,303b, and303c) are incident on the same point, the total displacement at that point can be equal to the vector sum of the displacements of the individual waves. As such, the system300can exhibit poor frequency spectrum use, resulting in a low quality user experience. For example, if a user device is added to the system300in an area, where two or more electromagnetic waves303a,303b, and303coverlap, then the user device can experience interference when trying to receive a signal from one or more of the user devices303a,303b, and303c. Similarly, a new user device added to the system300, when operated, can produce interference that can negatively impact the performance of one or more of the user devices303a,303b, and303cif the added user device's interference pattern is in the vicinity of one or more of the user devices303a,303b, and303c.

FIG. 3Billustrates various aspects of the system300when a user device302eis introduced to the system300. As illustrated on the interference map301a user device (e.g., a PDA)302ehas entered the system300. The user device302ecan generate an electromagnetic wave (e.g., an interference pattern)303e. In an aspect, the electromagnetic waves303a,303b, and303ccan comprise the same or similar frequency as the electromagnetic wave303e. In an aspect, the user device302ecan be in the range of the electromagnetic waves303a,303b, and303c. Likewise, the electromagnetic wave303ecan be in range of the user devices303a,303b, and303c. As an example, if the user device302etries to communicate with user device302c, then the communication can experience interference from one or more of the electromagnetic waves303aand303b. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave303ecan interfere with the performance and/or communication of the user devices303a,303b, and303c.

In an aspect, the interference map301can be monitored by a computing device such as the computing device104ofFIG. 1and/or one or more of the user devices302a,303b, and303c. A change in the interference patterns of the interference map301can indicate the presence of a specific device and/or a specific user. For example, when user device302eenters the system300, then user device302ecan be detected due to a change in the interference map301. In an aspect, the user device302ecan be automatically identified based on the interference pattern of the user device302e. The computing device104can compare the interference pattern to interference patterns associated with interference signatures stored in a database (e.g., the database124). If there is a matching interference pattern, then particular signature information and/or information about the user device302ecan be obtained from the interference signature. In an aspect, an authorized user (e.g., a system administrator) can be prompted to acknowledge and/or register the user device added (e.g., user device302e) and/or user when the user device302eis unknown. In another aspect, the user of the user device302ecan be denied registering the user device302eand/or user to the system300. In an aspect, a security system can be notified (e.g., signaled) that an unauthorized user device/user is present in the system300.

FIG. 4illustrates an interference map401of one or more interference patterns402associated with a system400. In an aspect, the interference patterns402can comprise a frequency spectrum403associated with a plurality of interference sources such as user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404ethat operate at or produce one or more the frequencies on the frequency spectrum403. The frequency spectrum403can comprise one or more of: a radio frequency spectrum, a microwave frequency spectrum, an infrared frequency spectrum, a visible light frequency spectrum, an ultraviolet frequency spectrum, an X-ray frequency spectrum, combinations thereof, and the like. In another aspect, the interference map401can comprise a spatial distribution of the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eassociated with the frequency spectrum403. The spatial distribution can be the location (e.g., spatial coordinates) of each user device404a,404b,404c,404d, and404ein relation to each other. The interference pattern402can be stored in a database (e.g., the database124) of a computing device such as the computing device104. In an aspect, once an interference map401is generated, an interference is detected within the system400, and the computing device104determines that the interference causes a user device to perform below a performance level, then the computing device104can change a characteristic of one or more of the user de vices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eand/or device causing adjustment of the interference within the system400to improve performance of one or more of the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404ein the presence of the interference.

As an example, a microwave oven can be operating and producing electromagnetic waves having a frequency bandwidth of around 2444 MHz to 2460 MHz. Other interference sources (e.g., user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404e) can be using one or more WiFi channels such as channel 1, channel 6, and channel 11. Channel 1 can operate at 2412 MHz, channel 6 can operate at 2437 MHz and channel 11 can operate at 2462 MHz. Each channel can have a channel width of 22 MHz (e.g., channel 1: 2401-242.3 MHz, channel 6: 2426-2448 MHz, and channel 11: 2451-2473 MHz). Therefore, when the microwave oven is operating, the microwave oven can produce electromagnetic waves that can interfere with the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eusing channel 6 and channel 11. In an aspect, the computing device104can determine that the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eusing these channels can be affected by the interference of the microwave oven. In an aspect, the computing device104can change and/or suggest a change in one or more characteristics of the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eoperating with channel 6 and channel 11, For example, the computing device104can switch the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404efrom using channel 6 and/or channel 11 to using channel 1 since the frequency width of channel 1 does not share any common frequencies with that of the interference pattern of the microwave oven. In another example, the computing device104can suggest locations in the system400where a system manager can relocate and/or move one or more of the user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eusing channel 6 and/or channel 11, The computing device can suggest locations for the one or more user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404ein the system100that minimize or eliminate the interference of the microwave. In another aspect, the computing device104can recommend moving the microwave oven and/or other interference sources to minimize or eliminate interference to user devices404a,404b,404c,404d, and404eusing channel 6 and/or channel 11.

FIG. 5illustrates various aspects of a system500. In an aspect, interference data in a predefined area,501can be measured (e.g., monitored, calculated, determined) with a mobile user device502. The mobile user device502can create and/or generate an interference pattern based on the interference data or can send the interference data to a computing device104to create and/or generate an interference pattern. Furthermore, an interference map incorporating the interference pattern, the predefined area,501, a plurality of user devices502a,502b,502c, and502d, and/or other interference sources can be created and/or generated by the mobile user device502and/or the computing device104. For example, the mobile user device502, such as a smartphone, can be registered with a wireless access point (AP)506, wherein the AP506can be placed at a desired location within a predefined area501. A user can move through the predefined area501(e.g., a house) holding the mobile user device502(e.g., a smart phone) to measure interference and determine interference data. For example, the user can select one or more locations in the predefined area501with minimal 802.11 signal strength and strongest 802.11 signal strength from one or more preselected service set identifiers (SSIDs). In an aspect, interference data can comprise signal strengths and location information of the plurality of user devices502a,502b,502c, and502din the predefined area501.

In an aspect, time domain data can be used to differentiate signals, for example, duration of signals can be used to determine types of signals. In an aspect, frequency domain data and channel width can be used to differentiate signals. For example, the mobile user device502can receive signal strength and location information of the user devices502a,502b,502c, and502d. In an aspect, the location information can be spatial coordinates, such as a latitude, a longitude, an altitude, position information with respect to a specific position (e.g., the AP506), combinations thereof, and the like. In another aspect, the location information can be associated with an RSSI value detected by the mobile user device502. The location information can be used to determine the relative position (e.g., a proximity) of one user device (e.g.,502a) to another user device (e.g.,502d). In another aspect, interference data can comprise spatial coordinates of the predefined area501. For example, the user can move to a border of the predefined area501to establish spatial coordinates of the predefined area501. In an aspect, the mobile user device502can collect location information based on observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) methods utilizing LTE signals of the mobile user device502. In an aspect, the interference data (e.g., a signal strength, location information) received by the mobile user device502(e.g., a smart phone) can be transmitted to the computing device104which can generate an interference map and perform other methods described herein.

In an aspect, calibrations of the interference patterns can be performed to take into account factors that can change the interference, such as attenuation. In an aspect, the AP506can transmit a strong continuous wave (CW) carrier for calibration of the interference patterns with respect to attenuation in the predefined area501. For example, the AP506can transmit a CW signal of a certain magnitude. The certainty of magnitude in relation to attenuation can be higher for the CW signal in comparison to a signal burst. The certainty of the magnitude can indicate accurate attenuation information for the predefined area501. The CW signal can be transmitted at a different frequency than the 802.11 channel to minimize interference. The mobile user device502can be positioned at different locations in the predefined area501to measure the CW signal produced by the AP506and determine the attenuation of the CW signal. In an aspect, calibration can be achieved using two APs as reference points. Anywhere besides the two APs can be treated as data points for possible placement, of the two APs to so that the APs can deliver better coverage to the predefined area501with respect to attenuation and interference.

FIG. 6is a flowchart illustrating an example method600. At step602, interference data from a plurality of interference sources can be received. In an aspect, a computing device (e.g., the computing device104) can receive the interference data from a plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c) and/or sensors that monitor (e.g., measure, quantify) interference sources (e.g.,102d). As an example, the plurality of interference sources can comprise microwave ovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, atmosphere, and/or the like. As an example, the interference data can comprise weather data (e.g., a temperature, an air pressure, a wind speed, and a moisture level), position data, signal strength data, modulation technique data, power level data, network protocol data, network channel data, network address data, and/or the like. In an aspect, the computing device104can receive interference data, from the plurality of interference sources via wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, a satellite) and/or physical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, or a combination thereof). The interference data received can be stored at a database (e.g., the database124) of the computing device104. Sensors that can measure interference of an interference source, such as weather, can include a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer, a hydrometer, a rain gauge, and the like.

In an aspect, the computing device104can comprise a receiver (e.g., an N×M multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) WiFi receiver) configured to receive (e.g., gather, collect, measure) signals from an interference source102a,102b,102c, and/or102dfrom which the computing device104can determine (e.g., calculate, compute) interference data from changes in the signals. In an aspect, the receiver can have multiple receiver channels which are capable of measuring relative direction of a signal with the highest transmission energy. For example, a wideband or a full spectrum receiver in a cable modem, a satellite television, and a cable television can be configured to perform a spectral analysis to measure energy content including a signal carrier, a signal harmonic and/or a signal intermodulation. Changes in the energy content can indicate interference and can be used to determine the interference source (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d). For example, when the energy content is measured over time, the spectral analysis can indicate to the receiver whether an interference source (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d) is a frequency modulated signal or a frequency hopping signal. As an example, certain signal types such as Bluetooth (802.15.1) and Zigbee (802.15.4) use frequency hopping or spread spectrum techniques which can be readily detected. In another example, cordless and cellular technologies such as digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT) and code division multiple access (CDMA) can have a bandwidth that is well-defined.

In an aspect, a time domain analysis of the energy content can determine a pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) of an interference source (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d). Time domain analysis of the energy content to determine PRE can be used in situations when signal analysis results in more than one type of interference source. In an aspect, time domain analysis determining the PRF of an interference source can be used in place of signal analysis. As an example of using PRE to determine an interference source, microwave ovens transmit either a continuous wave (CW) or long cycles of a signal lasting several seconds or more. As another example, global system for mobile (GSM) cellular transmitters have a relatively higher PRF in comparison with microwave ovens (approximately 216 Hz with an 8 Hz component). Based on the PRF, the computing device104can determine whether an interference source is a microwave or a GSM cellular transmitter.

In an aspect, other sources of interference such as terrestrial microwave links, security fences, and aeronautical transmissions have well documented characteristics. Therefore, the receiver (such as a receiver used in a WiFi device, a television, or cellular devices) can determine spatial coordinates, a type of radio frequency interference, and a signal strength present at a specific location. In an aspect, the spectral analysis can take place over periods of days or weeks to determine whether interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b,102c, and102d) are regular (e.g., a daily flight) or transient (e.g., a police car responding to an alarm).

At step604, an interference pattern based on the interference data received can be created and/or generated. As an example, the interference pattern can comprise one or more of: a radio interference pattern, a microwave interference pattern, an infrared interference pattern, a visible light interference pattern, an ultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, combinations thereof, and the like. In an aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a frequency spectrum associated with the plurality of interference sources. In another aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of interference sources associated with the frequency spectrum. As an example, the interference pattern can be a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in the form of spatial coordinates of a specific location, an RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE) at the spatial coordinates of the specific location (e.g., GPS coordinates). The interference pattern can be stored in a database (e.g., the database124) of the computing device104.

At step606, a change in the interference pattern can be determined. In an aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when a signal strength change at certain frequency and/or a frequency magnitude change are detected. For example, the signal strength change can indicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) changes from an inoperative state to an operative state, or vice versa. In another aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when a change in the spatial distribution of the plurality of interference sources is detected.

At step608, an interference source of the plurality of interference sources that contributes to the change in the interference pattern can be determined. In an aspect, a type of the interference source can be determined based on the interference pattern and the change in the interference pattern. For example, a change in spatial distribution can indicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) moved from one location to another location. Thus, the computing device104can infer the type of interference source. For example, if the interference pattern indicates a change in location of an interference source, then the type of interference source can be a mobile device. In an aspect, analyzing the interference pattern over time can also indicate a repetitive nature of interference sources, which can further be used to determine the type of interference. For example, an interference change detected daily at a consistent time and that generates a consistent interference pattern could indicate a daily flight of an airplane. In another example, a microwave oven operates at 2450 MHz and thereby can cause interference at this frequency. When a signal strength increase is detected at 2450 MHz, the computing device104can determine a microwave oven is in operation, for example, via a search of a database (e.g., the database124). In another aspect, the computing device104can determine the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is an unknown source, via the search of the database (e.g., the database124), for example. In an aspect, when the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is unknown to the system, the computing device104can receive necessary de vice information associated with the unknown source of interference, and update the database (e.g., the database124) accordingly. The computing device104can determine whether or not an interference source is known or unknown by comparing a new interference pattern to interference patterns associated with interference signatures stored in the database124. If the new interference pattern matches an interference pattern of an interference signature, then the new interference pattern is likely caused by the interference source associated with the interference signature. In an aspect, the computing device104can determine the interference source is an unauthorized interference source. In an aspect, the computing device104can signal a security system of a presence of the interference source when the interference source is an unauthorized interference source. The security system can alert authorities to an intruder in the system.

When the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is determined, the computing device104can further determine device information associated with the interference source. The device information can be determined from the interference source or retrieved from the interference signature stored in the database124. For example, a network address of the interference source can be determined. As another example, a user associated with the interference source can be determined. As another example, a location associated with the interference source can be determined. In an aspect, signature information (e.g., an interference pattern, an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a power level, a combination thereof, and the like) of each interference source can be associated with the interference signature and stored in the database (e.g., the database124). In an aspect, the signature information can be used to confirm that a specific user is present. For example, the computing device104can determine that the specific user (e.g., a dad, a mom) is watching TV in a living room based on the signature information of the smart, phone associated with the specific user because the interference pattern indicates that the specific user is within 3 feet of a set top box in the living room.

In an aspect, a change in at least one characteristic of one or more interference source can be determined to mitigate interference associated with the interference source. The change in at least one characteristic can be based on the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern. As an example, the at least one characteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, an operation time, and the like. As an example of a change in at least one characteristic, network channels can be reassigned for a plurality of access points within close proximity in a predefined area according to the determined interference source and associated characteristic. As another example characteristic change, a beacon or a trigger can be established in the plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c). The computing device104can establish a round robin schedule to enable each interference source102a,102b, and102cto take turns using a spectrum. As another example, the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan coordinate power levels with each other via the computing device104to minimize interference in the system100.

As another example of a characteristic change, a first access point (AP1) can be configured to receive signals from a second access point (AP2) and a third access point (AP3). AP2 can be configured to transmit signals from the AP3 to the AP1. When interference reduces a signal transmission rate of the AP2, the AP3 can be configured to transmit signals directly to the AP1. The characteristic change where by signals are sent to the AP1 from the AP3 can be achieved by AP1 switching to the AP3 service set identifier (SSID), which is stored as a backup. In an aspect, a power level can also be coordinated. For example, an AP2 power level can be increased to overcome interference. As another example, a signal modulation can be modified to improve a signal noise ratio between the AP1 and the AP2, Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology can also be used to create and/or generate a multiple path transmission.

In an aspect, a non-interfering channel can be selected. For example, when a microwave is in operation, signals of other interference sources can be transmitted in a frequency band that is different from a microwave oven transmission frequency band. As another example, a WiFi channel can be selected to minimize undesired WiFi interferences. In another aspect, time phasing transmissions can be used to coordinate signal transmissions in the same frequency band. For example, signals can be transmitted and/or received when interference is not present. As such, timing of one or more interference sources can be determined to avoid signal transmission at an identified time. In another aspect, directional receivers can be used to reduce a device's sensitivity in the direction of an interfering transmitter thereby limiting the interference from the transmitter. Reducing sensitivity can be accomplished, for example, by MIMO receivers. In an aspect, an extent of an interference signal can be determined and the extent can be subtracted from a received signal to produce a real signal that is desired.

In an aspect, a power output can be coordinated for each of a plurality of independent networks through provisioning channel or a control channel. For example, a maximum transmit power of controllable transmitters can be backed off by a predefined amount. The back off can be modified if interference is detected. The back off can avoid multiple networks to increase power to overcome interference. The provisioning channel or the control channel can be implemented when a management entity (e.g., an Internet service provider) interconnects neighboring transmitters (e.g., access points) in homes. In an aspect, devices can be coordinated that do not share a service provider if the devices are connected to a control entity (e.g., a provisioning channel or a control channel) through Internet or other communications paths.

As another example, one or more interference sources can be an uncontrollable interference source (e.g., the interference source102dinFIG. 1), such as atmosphere condition, temperature, humidity, the computing device104can determine an interference optimization method. For example, the interference optimization method can comprise changing at least one characteristic such as a position, an operation frequency, an operation channel, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, an operation time, and the like of a plurality of controllable interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c) in the system100.

FIG. 7is a flowchart illustrating another example method700. At step702, interference data from a plurality of interference sources in a system (e.g., the system100) can be received. In an aspect, a computing device (e.g., the computing device104) can receive the interference data from a plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c) and/or sensors that monitor (e.g., measure, quantify) interference sources (e.g.,102d). As an example, the plurality of interference sources can comprise microwave ovens, printers, computers, tablets, telephones, cordless phones, network nodes, network devices, set top boxes, televisions, radios, communication terminals, power lines, transmitters, atmosphere, and/or the like. As an example, the interference data can comprise weather data (e.g., a temperature, an air pressure, a wind speed, and a moisture level), position data, signal strength data, modulation technique data, power level data, network protocol data, network channel data, network address data, and/or the like. In an aspect, the computing device104can receive interference data from the plurality of interference sources via wireless links (e.g., a radio frequency, a satellite) and/or physical links (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, or a combination thereof). The interference data received can be stored at a database (e.g., the database124) of the computing device104. Sensors that can measure interference of an interference source, such as weather, can include a thermometer, a barometer, an anemometer, a hydrometer, a rain gauge, and the like.

In another aspect, a mobile user device, such as a smartphone or a tablet, can monitor (e.g., receive, determine, calculate, measure, and the like) interference from a plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b,102d, and102d) to create and/or generate interference data. For example, a user can move through a predefined area while holding the mobile user device. The interference data created and/or generated by the mobile user device can be transmitted to the computing device104for further processing.

At step704, the interference data received can be associated with one or more respective spatial coordinates from the plurality of interference sources within a defined space (e.g., house, building, office, business, park, and the like). In an aspect, the interference data can comprise a signal strength of specific frequency spectrums. The signal strength can be associated with one or more interference sources. In another aspect, the interference data can comprise position information (e.g., spatial coordinates). As such, interference data, such as signal strength can be associated with spatial coordinates. In an aspect, multiple interference sources can be simultaneously present. In this scenario, correlations between one or more interference sources can be used to determine a combination of interference sources.

At step706, an interference pattern can be created and/or generated based on the interference data received and the one or more respective spatial coordinates of the plurality of interference sources. As an example, the interference pattern can comprise one or more of: a radio interference pattern, a microwave interference pattern, an infrared interference pattern, a visible light interference pattern, an ultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, a combination thereof and the like. In an aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a frequency spectrum associated with the plurality of interference sources. In another aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of sources associated with the frequency spectrum. As an example, the interference pattern can be a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in the form of spatial coordinates of a specific location, an RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE) at the specific location (e.g., GPS coordinates). The interference pattern can be stored in a database (e.g., the database124) of the computing device104.

At step708, a change in the interference pattern can be determined. In an aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when a signal strength change at a certain frequency and/or a change in frequency magnitude are detected. For example, the signal strength change can indicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) changes from an inoperative state to an operative state, or vice versa. In another aspect, a change in the interference pattern can be determined when a change in the spatial distribution of the plurality of interference source is detected. For example, the change in the spatial distribution can indicate that an interference source (e.g., a user device) moves from one location to another location.

At step710, an interference source of the plurality of interference sources that contributes to the change in the interference pattern can be determined. In an aspect, a type of the interference source can be determined based on the interference pattern and the change in the interference pattern. For example, a change in spatial distribution can indicate an interference source (e.g., a user device) moved from one location to another location. Thus, the computing device104can infer the type of interference source. For example, if the interference pattern indicates a change in location of an interference source, then the type of interference source can be a mobile device. In an aspect, analyzing the interference pattern over time can also indicate a repetitive nature of interference sources, which can further be used to determine the type of interference. For example, an interference change detected daily at a consistent time and that generates a consistent interference pattern could indicate a daily flight of an airplane. In another example, a microwave oven operates at 2450 MHz and thereby can cause interference at this frequency. When a signal strength increase is detected at 2450 MHz, the computing device104can determine a microwave oven is in operation, for example, via a search of a database (e.g., the database124). In another aspect, the computing device104can determine the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is an unknown source, via searching a database (e.g., the database124), for example. In an aspect, when the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is unknown to the system, the computing device104can receive necessary device information associated with the unknown source of interference, and update the database (e.g., the database124) accordingly. The computing device104can determine whether or not an interference source is known and unknown by comparing a new interference pattern to interference patterns associated with interference signatures stored in the database124. If the new interference pattern matches an interference pattern of an interference signature, then the new interference pattern is likely caused by the interference source associated with the interference signature.

When the interference source that contributes to the change in the interference pattern is determined, the computing device104can further determine device information associated with the interference source. The device information can be determined from the interference source or retrieved from the interference signature stored in the database124. For example, a network address of the interference source can be determined. As another example, a user associated with the interference source can be determined. As another example, a location associated with the interference source can be determined. In an aspect, signature information (e.g., an interference pattern, an operation frequency, a signal strength level, a power level, and/or the like) of each interference source can be associated with the interference signature and stored in the database (e.g., the database124). In an aspect, the signature information can be used to confirm that a specific user is present. For example, the computing device104can determine that the specific user (e.g., a dad, a mom) is watching TV in a living room based on the signature information of the smart phone associated with the specific user because the interference pattern indicates that the specific user is within 3 feet of a set top box in the living room. Once a user device is associated with a particular user, services can be correlated among specific user devices and pathway so each device can be optimized. For example, a user device can be associated with an AP as a SSID. Therefore, depending on signal strengths of APs, an AP with highest signal strength can be selected as a SSID to achieve better services.

In an aspect, when the interference source that contributes to the determined change in the interference pattern is unknown to the system, the computing device104can receive necessary interference source information associated with the unknown interference source, and update the database (e.g., the database124) accordingly. For example, the computing device104can determine from a new interference pattern a type of interference source of the new interference source. For example, the computing system can determine from similar existing interference patterns of interference signatures that the new interference source is likely a mobile phone. The computing device104can try to obtain information from the new interference source through a variety of mobile communication techniques. In an aspect, an authorized user (e.g., a system administrator) can be prompted to acknowledge and/or register the new interference source added to the system100. In an aspect, the computing device104can determine the interference source is an unauthorized interference source. In an aspect, the computing device104can signal a security-system of a presence of the interference source when the interference source is an unauthorized interference source. The security system can alert the authorities to an intruder in the system.

In an aspect, a change in at least one characteristic of at least one interference source can be determined based on the change in the interference pattern. As an example, the at least one characteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, an operation time, and the like.

In an aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can be a change in operation time. In this scenario, a beacon or a trigger can be established among the plurality of interference sources102a,102b, and102csuch as a telephone, a printer, a microwave, a computer, and/or the like. For example, the computing device104can establish a round robin schedule to enable each interference source102a,102b, and102cto take turns using a spectrum. In another aspect, the change in at least one characteristic can be a change in a power level. For example, the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan coordinate the power level with each other via the computing device104to reach a performance level that is optimal.

In an aspect, a determined interference source and/or an associated characteristic can be uncontrollable (e.g.,102d). Examples of uncontrollable interference sources can comprise weather conditions, celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. When the determined interference source is an uncontrollable interference source, then the computing device104can change characteristics such as positions, operation frequencies, operation channels, modulation techniques, error correction techniques, power levels, and the like of a controllable interference source (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c) in the system100.

FIG. 8is a flow chart illustrating another example method800. In step802, a first performance level of an interference source can be determined. The interference source can be a part of a system (e.g., system100) comprising a plurality of interference sources. In an aspect, the first performance level can be when a threshold performance level of a performance parameter of a device (e.g., an interference source, an electronic device) in the system100is exceeded. As an example, one or more performance parameters, such as a number of errors occurring in the device, a speed of the device, and/or the like, can be at a threshold level that is not acceptable for the device. The interference source can signal a computing device (e.g., computing device104) that the interference source is at the first performance level, which does not comply with the threshold performance level. In an aspect, the computing device104can monitor a performance level of each of the plurality of interference sources. The computing device104can determine when the first performance level is present at which a threshold performance level of a performance parameter is exceeded. In an aspect, the first performance level can be a performance level where the interference source is not performing at an optimal level. In an aspect, the first performance level can be a performance level that is optimal and/or is at a performance level that does comply with the threshold performance level. However, the interference source can be an interference source and/or device that the computing device104determines is not an interference source that should be operating in the system100and therefore the computing device104can determine other interference sources which can be adjusted to interfere with the performance level of the interference source. For example, the interference source could be an unauthorized device to the system that is malicious to the system. The computing device can detect the unauthorized device and cause other interference sources to produce interference that will limit the performance of the unauthorized device. In an aspect, the computing device104can signal a security system of a presence of the interference source when the interference source is an unauthorized interference source.

In step804, an interference pattern of the system can be determined. As an example, the interference pattern can comprise one or more of: a radio interference pattern, a microwave interference pattern, an infrared interference pattern, a visible light interference pattern, an ultraviolet interference pattern, an X-ray interference pattern, a combination thereof, and the like. In an aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a frequency spectrum associated with the plurality of interference sources. In another aspect, the interference pattern can comprise a spatial distribution of the plurality of sources associated with the frequency spectrum. As an example, the interference pattern can be a set of data and/or a plot of the set of data in the form of spatial coordinates of a specific location, an RSSI value (e.g., −74 dBm, −68 dBm) of the specific location, a respective frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHZ, 750 MHZ) and a respective protocol (e.g., 802.11, LTE) at the specific location (e.g., GPS coordinates). The interference pattern can be stored in a database (e.g., the database124) of the computing device104.

In step806, at least one characteristic of at least one of the plurality of interference sources can be adjusted. The at least one characteristic can be adjusted based on the interference pattern of the system and the first performance level. The adjustment of the at least one characteristic can change the first performance level of the interference source to a second performance level. In an aspect, the second performance level can be a performance level where the interference sources can perform at an optimal performance level. In an aspect, the second performance level can be a performance level where the interference source is complying with a threshold performance level. In an aspect, the second performance level can be a performance level that is not optimal and/or is at performance level that does not comply with the threshold performance level. This result can occur when the interference source is an interference source and/or device that the computing device104does not want to be operating on the system (e.g., unauthorized interference source) and therefore the computing device104may adjust at least one characteristic of other interference sources to interfere with the performance level of the interference source.

In an aspect, the at least one characteristic can comprise one or more of a position, a frequency, a modulation technique, an error correction technique, a power level, a network protocol, a network channel, an operation time, and the like. As an example of a change in at least one characteristic, network channels can be reassigned for a plurality of access points within close proximity in a predefined area according to the determined interference source and associated characteristic. As another example characteristic change, a beacon or a trigger can be established in the plurality of interference sources (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c). The computing device104can establish a round robin schedule to enable each interference source102a,102b, and102cto take turns using a spectrum. As another example, the interference source102a,102b, and102ccan coordinate power levels with each other via the computing device104to minimize interference in the system100.

As another example of a characteristic change, a first access point (AP1) can be configured to receive signals from a second access point (AP2) and a third access point (AP3). AP2 can be configured to transmit signals from the AP3 to the AP1. When interference reduces a signal transmission rate of the AP2, the AP3 can be configured to transmit signals directly to the AP1. The characteristic change whereby signals are sent to the API from the AP3 can be achieved by AP1 switching to the AP3 service set identifier (SSID), which is stored as a backup. In an aspect, a power level can also be coordinated. For example, an AP2 power level can be increased to overcome interference. As another example, a signal modulation can be modified to improve a signal noise ratio between the AP1 and the AP2, Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology can also be used to create and/or generate a multiple path transmission.

In an aspect, a non-interfering channel can be selected. For example, when a microwave is in operation, signals of other interference sources can be transmitted in a frequency band that is different from a microwave oven transmission frequency band. As another example, a WiFi channel can be selected to minimize undesired WiFi interferences. In another aspect, time phasing transmissions can be used to coordinate signal transmissions in the same frequency band. For example, signals can be transmitted and/or received when interference is not present. As such, timing of one or more interference sources can be determined to avoid signal transmission at an identified time. In another aspect, directional receivers can be used to reduce a device's sensitivity in the direction of an interfering transmitter thereby limiting the interference from the transmitter. Reducing sensitivity can be accomplished, for example, by MIMO receivers. In an aspect, an extent of an interference signal can be determined and the extent can be subtracted from a received signal to produce a real signal that is desired.

In an aspect, power output can be coordinated for each of a plurality of independent networks through provisioning channel or a control channel. For example, a maximum transmit power of controllable transmitters can be backed off by a predefined amount. The back off can be modified if interference is detected. The back off can avoid multiple networks to increase power to overcome interference. The provisioning channel or control channel can be implemented when a management entity (e.g., an internet service provider) interconnects neighboring transmitters (e.g., access points) in homes. In an aspect, devices can be coordinated that do not share a service provider if the devices are connected to a control entity (e.g., a provisioning channel or a control channel) through Internet or other communications paths.

In an aspect, a determined interference source and/or an associated characteristic can be uncontrollable (e.g.,102d). Examples of uncontrollable interference sources can comprise weather conditions, celestial objects, and/or other natural phenomena. When the determined interference source is an uncontrollable interference source, then the computing device104can change characteristics such as positions, operation frequencies, operation channels, modulation techniques, error correction techniques, power levels, and the like of a controllable interference source (e.g.,102a,102b, and102c).

FIG. 9is a block diagram illustrating an example computing device. In an exemplary aspect, the methods and systems can be implemented on a computer901as illustrated inFIG. 9and described below. By way of example, user device102, computing device104ofFIG. 1can be a computer901as illustrated inFIG. 9. Similarly, the methods and systems disclosed can utilize one or more computers to perform one or more functions in one or more locations.FIG. 9is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary operating environment900for performing the disclosed methods. This exemplary operating environment900is only an example of an operating environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of operating environment architecture. Neither should the operating environment900be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment900.

Further, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems and methods disclosed herein can be implemented via a general-purpose computing device in the form of a computer901. The computer901can comprise one or more components, such as one or more processors903, a system memory912, and a bus913that couples various components of the computer901including the one or more processors903to the system memory912. In the case of multiple processors903, the system can utilize parallel computing.

The bus913can comprise one or more of several possible types of bus structures, such as a memory bus, memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures can comprise an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI), a PCI-Express bus, a Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and the like. The bus913, and all buses specified in this description can also be implemented over a wired or wireless network connection and one or more of the components of the computer901, such as the one or more processors903, a mass storage device904, an operating system905, interference processing software906, interference data907, a network adapter908, system memory912, an Input/Output Interface910, a display adapter909, a display device911, and a human machine interface902, can be contained within one or more remote computing devices914a,b,cat physically separate locations, connected through buses of this form, in effect implementing a fully distributed system.

The computer901typically comprises a variety of computer readable media. Exemplary readable media can be any available media, that is accessible by the computer901and comprises, for example and not meant to be limiting, both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. The system memory912can comprise computer readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM). The system memory912typically can comprise data such as interference data907and/or program modules such as operating system905and interference processing software906that are accessible to and/or are operated on by the one or more processors903.

Optionally, any number of program modules can be stored on the mass storage device904, including by way of example, an operating system905and interference processing software906. One or more of the operating system905and interference processing software906(or some combination thereof) can comprise elements of the programming and the interference processing software906. Interference data907can also be stored on the mass storage device904. Interference data907can be stored in any of one or more databases known in the art. Examples of such databases comprise, DB2®, Microsoft® Access, Microsoft® SQL Server, Oracle®, mySQL, PostgreSQL, and the like. The databases can be centralized or distributed across multiple locations within the network915.

In another aspect, the user can enter commands and information into the computer901via an input device (not shown). Examples of such input devices comprise, but are not limited to, a keyboard, pointing device (e.g., a computer mouse, remote control), a microphone, a joystick, a scanner, tactile input devices such as gloves, and other body coverings, motion sensor, and the like These and other input devices can be connected to the one or more processors903via a human machine interface902that is coupled to the bus913, but can be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port, an IEEE 1394 Port (also known as a Firewire port), a serial port, network adapter908, and/or a universal serial bus (USB).

In yet another aspect, a display device911can also be connected to the bus913via an interface, such as a display adapter909. It is contemplated that the computer901can have more than one display adapter909and the computer901can have more than one display device911. For example, a display device911can be a monitor, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), light emitting diode (LED) display, television, smart lens, smart glass, and/or a projector. In addition to the display device911, other output peripheral devices can comprise components such as speakers (not shown) and a printer (not shown) which can be connected to the computer901via Input/Output Interface910. Any step and/or result of the methods can be output in any form to an output device. Such output can be any form of visual representation, including, but not limited to, textual, graphical, animation, audio, tactile, and the like. The display911and computer901can be part of one device, or separate devices.

The computer901can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computing devices914a,914b, and914c. By way of example, a remote computing device914a,914b, and914ccan be a personal computer, a computing station (e.g., a workstation), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, a mobile phone, a tablet device), a smart device (e.g., a smartphone, a smart watch, an activity tracker, a smart apparel, a smart accessory), a security and/or monitoring device, a server, a router, a network computer, a peer device, an edge device or other common network node, and so on. Logical connections between the computer901and a remote computing device914a,914b, and914ccan be made via a network915, such as a local area network (LAN) and/or a general wide area network (WAN). Such network connections can be through a network adapter908. A network adapter908can be implemented in both wired and wireless environments. Such networking environments are conventional and commonplace in dwellings, offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.