Method for configuring sidelink resource in communication system and apparatus for the same

An operation method of a base station in a communication system is provided. The method includes generating TDD-uplink-downlink configuration common information including information regarding a DL-UL transmission period, a DL pattern indicating DL resources, a UL pattern indicating UL resources, and a SL pattern indicating SL resources and transmitting to a UE system information including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information. Therefore, the performance of the communication system is improved.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to sidelink communication technology, and more specifically, to a technique for configuring sidelink resources.

2. Related Art

Various systems have been developed for processing of wireless data such as the fourth-generation (4G) communication system (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication system or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) communication system) and the fifth-generation (5G) communication system (e.g., New Radio (NR) communication system), which uses a frequency band higher than the frequency band of the 4G communication system. The 5G communication system supports Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) communications, Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency communications (URLLC), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and the like.

The 4G communication system and 5G communication system support Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. The V2X communications supported in a cellular communication system, such as the 4G communication system, the 5G communication system, and the like, may be referred to as “Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) communications.” The V2X communications (e.g., C-V2X communications) may include Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication, Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communication, and the like.

In the cellular communication system, the V2X communications (e.g., C-V2X communications) may be performed based on “sidelink” communication technologies (e.g., Proximity-based Services (ProSe) communication technology, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technology, or the like). For example, sidelink channels for vehicles participating in V2V communications may be established, and communications between the vehicles may be performed using the sidelink channels.

The sidelink communications may be performed using sidelink resources. However, a method of configuring the sidelink resources is not yet explicitly defined in the 3GPP LTE or NR specifications. Therefore, a method for configuring the sidelink resources is required to be defined.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus and a method for configuring sidelink resources.

According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, an operation method of a base station in a communication system may include generating time division duplex (TDD)-uplink-downlink configuration (TDD-UL-DL-configuration) common information, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information that includes information regarding a DL-UL transmission period, a DL pattern indicating DL resources, a UL pattern indicating UL resources, and a sidelink (SL) pattern indicating SL resources; and transmitting to a user equipment (UE) system information including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, wherein the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources are included in the DL-UL transmission period, and resources other than the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources among all resources included in the DL-UL transmission period are flexible resources.

The SL pattern may include at least one of information that indicates a number of consecutive SL slots in the DL-UL transmission period, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located before a starting SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located after an ending SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, an index of the starting SL slot, and an index of the ending SL slot. The SL pattern may be used to reconfigure one or more UL resources among the UL resources configured by the UL pattern to SL resources used for SL communication.

The operation method may further include generating TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information including a slot pattern that indicates resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and transmitting to the UE a radio resource control (RRC) message including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. The slot pattern may include at least one of a slot index, information indicating that all symbols included in a slot indicated by the slot index are SL symbols, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols among all the symbols included in the slot indicated by the slot index, an index of a starting SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols, and an index of an ending SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols.

The operation method may further include generating a downlink control information (DCI) including a slot format indicator (SFI) indicating resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and transmitting the DCI to the UE through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

Furthermore, according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, an operation method of a first user equipment (UE) in a communication system may include receiving from a base station system information including time division duplex (TDD)-uplink-downlink configuration (TDD-UL-DL-configuration) common information; and identifying information regarding a DL-UL transmission period, a DL pattern indicating DL resources, a UL pattern indicating UL resources, and a sidelink (SL) pattern indicating SL resources, which are included in the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information. The DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources are included in the DL-UL transmission period, and resources other than the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources among all resources included in the DL-UL transmission period are flexible resources.

The SL pattern may include at least one of information that indicates a number of consecutive SL slots in the DL-UL transmission period, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located before a starting SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located after an ending SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, an index of the starting SL slot, and an index of the ending SL slot. The SL pattern may be used to reconfigure one or more UL resources among the UL resources configured by the UL pattern to SL resources used for SL communication.

The operation method may further include receiving from the base station a radio resource control (RRC) message including TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information; identifying from the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information a slot pattern indicating resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and performing DL communication, UL communication, or the SL communication using resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information.

The slot pattern may include at least one of a slot index, information that indicates that all symbols included in a slot indicated by the slot index are SL symbols, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols among all the symbols included in the slot indicated by the slot index, an index of a starting SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols, and an index of an ending SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols.

The performing of the SL communication may further include transmitting to a second UE a sidelink control information (SCI) including information that indicates the SL resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information; and performing the SL communication with the second UE using the SL resources indicated by the SCI.

The operation method may further include receiving a downlink control information (DCI) from the base station; identifying from the DCI a slot format indicator (SFI) that indicates resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and performing DL communication, UL communication, or the SL communication using resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the SFI.

Furthermore, according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a base station in a communication system may include a processor, a transceiver operated by the processor, and a memory configured to store at least one instruction executable by the processor. Additionally, when executed by the processor, the at least one instruction may be configured to generate time division duplex (TDD)-uplink-downlink configuration (TDD-UL-DL-configuration) common information, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information including information regarding a DL-UL transmission period, a DL pattern indicating DL resources, a UL pattern indicating UL resources, and a sidelink (SL) pattern indicating SL resources; and transmit to a user equipment (UE) system information including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information. The DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources are included in the DL-UL transmission period, and resources other than the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources among all resources included in the DL-UL transmission period are flexible resources.

The SL pattern may include at least one of information that indicates a number of consecutive SL slots in the DL-UL transmission period, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located before a starting SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located after an ending SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, an index of the starting SL slot, and an index of the ending SL slot. The SL pattern may be used to reconfigure one or more UL resources among the UL resources configured by the UL pattern to SL resources used for SL communication.

The at least one instruction may be further configured to generate TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information including a slot pattern that indicates resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and transmit to the UE a radio resource control (RRC) message including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. The slot pattern may include at least one of a slot index, information that indicates that all symbols included in a slot indicated by the slot index are SL symbols, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols among all the symbols included in the slot indicated by the slot index, an index of a starting SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols, and an index of an ending SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols.

The at least one instruction may be further configured to generate a downlink control information (DCI) including a slot format indicator (SFI) that indicates resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and transmit the DCI to the UE through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

Furthermore, according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a first user equipment (UE) in a communication system may include a processor, a transceiver operated by the processor, and a memory configured to store at least one instruction executable by the processor. When executed by the processor, the at least one instruction may be configured to receive from a base station system information including time division duplex (TDD)-uplink-downlink configuration (TDD-UL-DL-configuration) common information; and identify information regarding a DL-UL transmission period, a DL pattern indicating DL resources, a UL pattern indicating UL resources, and a sidelink (SL) pattern indicating SL resources, which are included in the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information.

The DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources are included in the DL-UL transmission period, and resources other than the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources among all resources included in the DL-UL transmission period are flexible resources. The SL pattern may include at least one of information that indicates a number of consecutive SL slots in the DL-UL transmission period, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located before a starting SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols located after an ending SL slot among the consecutive SL slots, an index of the starting SL slot, and an index of the ending SL slot. The SL pattern may be used to reconfigure one or more UL resources among the UL resources configured by the UL pattern to SL resources used for SL communication.

The at least one instruction may be further configured to receive from the base station a radio resource control (RRC) message including TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information; identify from the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information a slot pattern that indicates resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and perform DL communication, UL communication, or the SL communication by using resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information.

The slot pattern may include at least one of a slot index, information that indicates that all symbols included in a slot indicated by the slot index are SL symbols, information that indicates a number of consecutive SL symbols among all the symbols included in the slot indicated by the slot index, an index of a starting SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols, and an index of an ending SL symbol among the consecutive SL symbols.

The at least one instruction may be further configured to receive a downlink control information (DCI) from the base station; identify from the DCI a slot format indicator (SFI) that indicates resources used for SL communication among the flexible resources; and perform DL communication, UL communication, or the SL communication using resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the SFI.

The at least one instruction may be further configured to transmit to a second UE a sidelink control information (SCI) including information indicating the SL resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the SFI; and perform the SL communication with the second UE by using the SL resources indicated by the SCI.

According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, sidelink (SL) resources may be configured using at least one of the time division duplex-uplink-downlink-configuration (TDD-UL-DL-configuration) common information, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information, and the downlink control information (DCI). The user equipment (UE) may be configured to perform sidelink communication with another UE using the SL resources. Alternatively, the SL resources may be configured by the UE, and the UE may be configured to transmit sidelink control information (SCI) including information that indicates the SL resources to another UE. The UE may be configured to perform the sidelink communication with another UE using the SL resources indicated by the SCI. Therefore, the sidelink communication may be efficiently performed, and the performance of the communication system may be improved.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed herein. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for purposes of describing exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Thus, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure set forth herein.

Furthermore, the control unit of the present disclosure may be embodied as non-transitory computer readable media containing executable program instructions executed by a processor, controller or the like. Examples of the computer readable mediums include, but are not limited to, ROM, RAM, compact disc (CD)-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, flash drives, smart cards and optical data storage devices. The computer readable recording medium can also be distributed throughout a computer network so that the program instructions are stored and executed in a distributed fashion, e.g., by a telematics server or a Controller Area Network (CAN).

FIG. 1is a conceptual diagram illustrating V2X communication scenarios. As shown inFIG. 1, the V2X communications may include Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications, Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communications, Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communications, and the like. The V2X communications may be supported by a cellular communication system (e.g., a cellular communication system140), and the V2X communications supported by the cellular communication system140may be referred to as “Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) communications.” Here, the cellular communication system140may include the 4G communication system (e.g., LTE communication system or LTE-A communication system), the 5G communication system (e.g., NR communication system), and the like.

The V2V communications may include communications between a first vehicle100(e.g., a communication node located within the vehicle100) and a second vehicle110(e.g., a communication node located within the vehicle110). Various driving information such as velocity, heading, time, position, and the like may be exchanged between the vehicles100and110via the V2V communications. For example, autonomous driving (e.g., platooning) may be supported based on the driving information exchanged via the V2V communications. The V2V communications supported in the cellular communication system140may be performed based on “sidelink” communication technologies (e.g., ProSe and D2D communication technologies, and the like). In particular, the communications between the vehicles100and110may be performed using at least one sidelink channel established between the vehicles100and110.

The V2I communications may include communications between the first vehicle100(e.g., the communication node located within the vehicle100) and an infrastructure (e.g., road side unit (RSU))120located on a roadside. The infrastructure120may also include a traffic light or a street light which is located on the roadside. For example, when the V2I communications are performed, the communications may be performed between the communication node located within the first vehicle100and a communication node located in a traffic light. Traffic information, driving information, and the like may be exchanged between the first vehicle100and the infrastructure120via the V2I communications. The V2I communications supported in the cellular communication system140may also be performed based on sidelink communication technologies (e.g., ProSe and D2D communication technologies, and the like). In particular, the communications between the vehicle100and the infrastructure120may be performed using at least one sidelink channel established between the vehicle100and the infrastructure120.

The V2P communications may include communications between the first vehicle100(e.g., the communication node located within the vehicle100) and a person130(e.g., a communication node carried by the person130). The driving information of the first vehicle100and movement information of the person130such as velocity, heading, time, position, and the like may be exchanged between the vehicle100and the person130via the V2P communications. The communication node located within the vehicle100or the communication node carried by the person130may be configured to generate an alarm indicating a danger by detecting a dangerous situation based on the obtained driving information and movement information. The V2P communications supported in the cellular communication system140may be performed based on sidelink communication technologies (e.g., ProSe and D2D communication technologies, and the like). In particular, the communications between the communication node located within the vehicle100and the communication node carried by the person130may be performed using at least one sidelink channel established between the communication nodes.

The V2N communications may be communications between the first vehicle100(e.g., the communication node located within the vehicle100) and a server connected via the cellular communication system140. The V2N communications may be performed based on the 4G communication technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-A) or the 5G communication technology (e.g., NR). Additionally, the V2N communications may be performed based on a Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) communication technology or a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) communication technology which is defined in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, or a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) communication technology defined in IEEE 802.15.

Meanwhile, the cellular communication system140supporting the V2X communications may be configured as follows.

FIG. 2is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a cellular communication system. As shown inFIG. 2, a cellular communication system may include an access network, a core network, and the like. The access network may include a base station210, a relay220, User Equipment (UEs)231through236, and the like. The UEs231through236may include communication nodes located within the vehicles100and110ofFIG. 1, the communication node located in the infrastructure120ofFIG. 1, the communication node carried by the person130ofFIG. 1, and the like. When the cellular communication system supports the 4G communication technology, the core network may include a serving gateway (S-GW)250, a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW)260, a mobility management entity (MME)270, and the like.

When the cellular communication system supports the 5G communication technology, the core network may include a user plane function (UPF)250, a session management function (SMF)260, an access and mobility management function (AMF)270, and the like. Alternatively, when the cellular communication system operates in a Non-Stand Alone (NSA) mode, the core network constituted by the S-GW250, the P-GW260, and the MME270may support the 5G communication technology as well as the 4G communication technology, or the core network constituted by the UPF250, the SMF260, and the AMF270may support the 4G communication technology as well as the 5G communication technology.

In addition, when the cellular communication system supports a network slicing technique, the core network may be divided into a plurality of logical network slices. For example, a network slice supporting V2X communications (e.g., a V2V network slice, a V2I network slice, a V2P network slice, a V2N network slice, etc.) may be configured, and the V2X communications may be supported through the V2X network slice configured in the core network.

The communication nodes (e.g., base station, relay, UE, S-GW, P-GW, MME, UPF, SMF, AMF, etc.) comprising the cellular communication system may be configured to perform communications using at least one communication technology among a code division multiple access (CDMA) technology, a time division multiple access (TDMA) technology, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technology, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, a filtered OFDM technology, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology, a single carrier PUMA (SC-FDMA) technology, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology, a generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) technology, a filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) technology, a universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) technology, and a space division multiple access (SDMA) technology.

FIG. 3is a conceptual diagram illustrating embodiments of a communication node constituting a cellular communication system. As shown inFIG. 3, a communication node300may include at least one processor310, a memory320, and a transceiver330connected to a network for performing communications. Additionally, the communication node300may further include an input interface device340, an output interface device350, a storage device360, and the like. Each component included in the communication node300may be configured to communicate with each other as connected via a bus370.

However, each of the components included in the communication node300may be connected to the processor310via a separate interface or a separate bus rather than the common bus370. For example, the processor310may be connected to at least one of the memory320, the transceiver330, the input interface device340, the output interface device350, and the storage device360via a dedicated interface.

The processor310may be configured to execute at least one instruction stored in at least one of the memory320and the storage device360. The processor310may refer to a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which methods in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are performed. Each of the memory320and the storage device360may include at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory320may include at least one of read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).

Referring again toFIG. 2, in the communication system, the base station210may form a macro cell or a small cell, and may be connected to the core network via an ideal backhaul or a non-ideal backhaul. The base station210may be configured to transmit signals received from the core network to the UEs231through236and the relay220, and transmit signals received from the UEs231through236and the relay220to the core network. The UEs231,232,234,235and236may belong to cell coverage of the base station210. The UEs231,232,234,235and236may be connected to the base station210by performing a connection establishment procedure with the base station210. The UEs231,232,234,235and236may be configured to communicate with the base station210after being connected to the base station210.

The relay220may be connected to the base station210and may be configured to relay communications between the base station210and the UEs233and234. In other words, the relay220may be configured to transmit signals received from the base station210to the UEs233and234, and transmit signals received from the UEs233and234to the base station210. The UE234may belong to both of the cell coverage of the base station210and the cell coverage of the relay220, and the UE233may belong to the cell coverage of the relay220. In other words, the UE233may be located outside the cell coverage of the base station210. The UEs233and234may be connected to the relay220by performing a connection establishment procedure with the relay220. The UEs233and234may be configured to communicate with the relay220after being connected to the relay220.

The base station210and the relay220may support multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technologies (e.g., single user (SU)-MIMO, multi-user (MU)-MIMO, massive MIMO, etc.), coordinated multipoint (CoMP) communication technologies, carrier aggregation (CA) communication technologies, unlicensed band communication technologies (e.g., Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), enhanced LAA (eLAA), etc.), sidelink communication technologies (e.g., ProSe communication technology, D2D communication technology), or the like. The UEs231,232,235and236may be configured to perform operations that correspond to the base station210and operations supported by the base station210. The UEs233and234may be configured to perform operations that correspond to the relays220and operations supported by the relays220.

Particularly, the base station210may be referred to as a Node B (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio remote head (RRH), a transmission reception point (TRP), a radio unit (RU), a roadside unit (RSU), a radio transceiver, an access point, an access node, or the like. The relay220may be referred to as a small base station, a relay node, or the like. Each of the UEs231through236may be referred to as a terminal, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a station, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a portable subscriber station a subscriber station, a node, a device, an on-broad unit (OBU), or the like.

Meanwhile, the communications between the UEs235and236may be performed based on the sidelink communication technique. The sidelink communications may be performed based on a one-to-one scheme or a one-to-many scheme. When V2V communications are performed using the sidelink communication technique, the UE235may be the communication node located within the first vehicle100ofFIG. 1and the UE236may be the communication node located within the second vehicle110ofFIG. 1. When V2I communications are performed using the sidelink communication technique, the UE235may be the communication node located within first vehicle100ofFIG. 1and the UE236may be the communication node located within the infrastructure120ofFIG. 1. When V2P communications are performed using the sidelink communication technique, the UE235may be the communication node located within first vehicle100ofFIG. 1and the UE236may be the communication node carried by the person130ofFIG. 1.

The scenarios to which the sidelink communications are applied may be classified as shown below in Table 1 according to the positions of the UEs (e.g., the UEs235and236) participating in the sidelink communications. For example, the scenario for the sidelink communications between the UEs235and236shown inFIG. 2may be a sidelink communication scenario C.

TABLE 1SidelinkCommunicationScenarioPosition of UE 235Position of UE 236AOut of coverage ofOut of coverage of base stationbase station 210210BIn coverage of baseOut of coverage of base stationstation 210210CIn coverage of baseIn coverage of base station 210station 210DIn coverage of baseIn coverage of other base stationstation 210

Meanwhile, a user plane protocol stack of the UEs (e.g., the UEs235and236) performing sidelink communications may be configured as follows.

FIG. 4is a block diagram illustrating exemplary embodiments of a user plane protocol stack of an UE performing sidelink communication. As shown inFIG. 4, a left UE may be the UE235shown inFIG. 2and a right UE may be the UE236shown inFIG. 2. The scenario for the sidelink communications between the UEs235and236may be one of the sidelink communication scenarios A through D of Table 1. The user plane protocol stack of each of the UEs235and236may include a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer.

The sidelink communications between the UEs235and236may be performed using a PC5 interface (e.g., PC5-U interface). A layer-2 identifier (ID) (e.g., a source layer-2 ID, a destination layer-2 ID) may be used for the sidelink communications and the layer 2-ID may be an ID configured for the V2X communications (e.g., V2X service). Also, in the sidelink communications, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback operation may be supported, and an RLC acknowledged mode (RLC AM) or an RLC unacknowledged mode (RLC UM) may be supported.

Meanwhile, a control plane protocol stack of the UEs (e.g., the UEs235and236) performing sidelink communications may be configured as follows.

FIG. 5is a block diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a control plane protocol stack of an UE performing sidelink communication, andFIG. 6is a block diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a control plane protocol stack of an UE performing sidelink communication. As shown inFIGS. 5 and 6, a left UE may be the UE235shown inFIG. 2and a right UE may be the UE236shown inFIG. 2. The scenario for the sidelink communications between the UEs235and236may be one of the sidelink communication scenarios A through D of Table 1. The control plane protocol stack illustrated inFIG. 5may be a control plane protocol stack for transmission and reception of broadcast information (e.g., Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH)).

The control plane protocol stack shown inFIG. 5may include a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer. The sidelink communications between the UEs235and236may be performed using a PC5 interface (e.g., PC5-C interface). The control plane protocol stack shown inFIG. 6may be a control plane protocol stack for one-to-one sidelink communication. The control plane protocol stack shown inFIG. 6may include a PHY layer, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and a PC5 signaling protocol layer.

Meanwhile, channels used in the sidelink communications between the UEs235and236may include a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH). The PSSCH may be used for transmitting and receiving sidelink data and may be configured in the UE (e.g., UE235or236) by a higher layer signaling. The PSCCH may be used for transmitting and receiving sidelink control information (SCI) and may also be configured in the UE (e.g., UE235or236) by a higher layer signaling.

The PSDCH may be used for a discovery procedure. For example, a discovery signal may be transmitted over the PSDCH. The PSBCH may be used for transmitting and receiving broadcast information (e.g., system information). Additionally, a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a synchronization signal, or the like may be used in the sidelink communications between the UEs235and236.

Meanwhile, a sidelink transmission mode (TM) may be classified into sidelink TMs 1 to 4 as shown below in Table 2.

TABLE 2Sidelink TMDescription1Transmission using resources scheduled by base station2UE autonomous transmission without scheduling of basestation3Transmission using resources scheduled by base station inV2X communications4UE autonomous transmission without scheduling of basestation in V2X communications

When the sidelink TM 3 or 4 is supported, each of the UEs235and236may be configured to perform sidelink communications using a resource pool configured by the base station210. The resource pool may be configured for each of the sidelink control information and the sidelink data. The resource pool for the sidelink control information may be configured based on an RRC signaling procedure (e.g., a dedicated RRC signaling procedure, a broadcast RRC signaling procedure, etc.). The resource pool used for reception of the sidelink control information may be configured by a broadcast RRC signaling procedure. When the sidelink TM 3 is supported, the resource pool used for transmission of the sidelink control information may be configured by a dedicated RRC signaling procedure.

In particular, the sidelink control information may be transmitted via resources scheduled by the base station210within the resource pool configured by the dedicated RRC signaling procedure. When the sidelink TM 4 is supported, the resource pool used for transmission of the sidelink control information may be configured by a dedicated RRC signaling procedure or a broadcast RRC signaling procedure. The sidelink control information may be transmitted through resources selected autonomously by the UE (e.g., UE235or236) within the resource pool configured by the dedicated RRC signaling procedure or the broadcast RRC signaling procedure.

When the sidelink TM 3 is supported, the resource pool for transmitting and receiving sidelink data may not be configured. In particular, the sidelink data may be transmitted and received via resources scheduled by the base station210. When the sidelink TM 4 is supported, the resource pool for transmitting and receiving sidelink data may be configured by a dedicated RRC signaling procedure or a broadcast RRC signaling procedure. The sidelink data may be transmitted and received through resources selected autonomously by the UE (e.g., UE235or236) within the resource pool configured by the dedicated RRC signaling procedure or the broadcast RRC signaling procedure.

Further, sidelink resource configuration methods will be described. Even when a method (e.g., transmission or reception of a signal) to be performed at a first communication node among communication nodes is described, a corresponding second communication node may be configured to perform a method (e.g., reception or transmission of the signal) corresponding to the method performed at the first communication node. In other words, when an operation of a UE #1 (e.g., first vehicle) is described, a corresponding UE #2 (e.g., second vehicle) may be configured to perform an operation that corresponds to the operation of the UE #1. Conversely, when an operation of the UE #2 (e.g., second vehicle) is described, the corresponding UE #1 (e.g., first vehicle) may be configured to perform an operation that corresponds to the operation of the UE #2. In the exemplary embodiments described below, the operation of the vehicle may be the operation of the communication node located within the vehicle.

In the communication system, downlink (DL) resources, uplink (UL) resources, and sidelink (SL) resources may be configured. The DL resources may be used for DL communication between the base station and the UE (e.g., vehicle). The UL resources may be used for UL communication between the base station and the UE (e.g., vehicle). The SL resources may be used for SL communication between the UEs (e.g., vehicles). The DL resources, UL resources, and SL resources may be configured as follows.

FIG. 7is a conceptual diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a DL-UL transmission period including DL resources, UL resources, and SL resources in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 7, a DL-UL transmission period may be configured, and DL resources and UL resources may be configured within the DL-UL transmission period. Additionally, SL resources may be additionally configured within the DL-UL transmission period. In particular, the DL-UL transmission period may be referred to as a DL-SL-UL transmission period. A resource that is not configured as a DL resource, a UL resource, or an SL resource within the DL-UL transmission period may be configured as a flexible (FL) resource, and the FL resource may be overridden to a DL resource, a UL resource, or an SL resource.

The length (e.g., periodicity) of the DL-UL transmission period may be about 0.5 ms, 0.625 ms, 1 ms, 1.25 ms, 2.5 ms, 5 ms, or 10 ms. In other words, the DL-UL transmission period may be repeated every about 0.5 ms, 0.625 ms, 1 ms, 1.25 ms, 2.5 ms, 5 ms, or 10 ms in the time axis. For example, a plurality of DL-UL transmission periods may be configured consecutively in the time axis, and DL resources, UL resources, and SL resources may be configured identically across the plurality of DL-UL transmission periods.

The DL resources may be indicated by a DL pattern described in Table 3 below. Particularly, a DL slot may be a slot consisting only of DL symbols, and a DL symbol may be used for DL communication.

TABLE 3DL patternDescriptionND-SLOTThe number of consecutive DL slots from a starting timepoint of a DL-UL transmission periodND-SYMThe number of consecutive DL symbols from an endingtime point of the consecutive DL slots indicated by ND-SLOT

The UL resources may be indicated by a UL pattern described in Table 4 below. Particularly, a UL slot may be a slot consisting only of UL symbols, and a UL symbol may be used for UL communication.

TABLE 4UL patternDescriptionNU-SLOTThe number of consecutive UL slots. An ending time pointof the consecutive UL slots is identical to an ending timepoint of a DL-UL transmission period.NU-SYMThe number of consecutive UL symbols located before afirst UL slot (i.e., starting UL slot) among the consecutiveUL slots indicated by NU-SLOT. An ending time point of theconsecutive UL symbols is identical to a starting time pointof the consecutive UL slots.

The SL resources may be indicated by an SL pattern described in Table 5 below. Particularly, an SL slot may be a slot consisting only of SL symbols, and an SL symbol may be used for SL communication. When a plurality of SL periods used for SL communication are present within one DL-UL transmission period, a plurality of SL patterns may be configured. For example, when there are an SL period #1 and an SL period #2 within one DL-UL transmission period, an SL pattern #1 indicating the SL period #1 may be configured and an SL pattern #2 indicating the SL period #2 may be configured.

TABLE 5SLpatternDescriptionNS-SLOTThe number of consecutive SL slotsNS-SSYMThe number of consecutive SL symbols located before a first SLslot (i.e., starting SL slot) among the consecutive SL slotsindicated by NS-SLOT. An ending time point of the consecutiveSL symbols is identical to a starting time point of theconsecutive SL slots.NS-ESYMThe number of consecutive SL symbols located after a last SLslot (i.e., ending SL slot) among the consecutive SL slotsindicated by NS-SLOT. A starting time point of the consecutive SLsymbols is identical to an ending time point of the consecutiveSL slots.IS-SSLOTAn index of the first SL slot (i.e., starting SL slot) among theconsecutive SL slots indicated by NS-SLOTIS-ESLOTAn index of the last SL slot (i.e., ending SL slot) among theconsecutive SL slots indicated by NS-SLOT

A method of signaling information indicating the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources shown inFIG. 7may be configured follows.

FIG. 8is a sequence chart illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a resource configuration information signaling method in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 8, a communication system may include a base station and a UE. The base station may be the base station210shown inFIG. 2, and the UE may be one of the UEs231to236shown inFIG. 2. The base station and the UE may be configured to be the same as or similar to the communication node300shown inFIG. 3. The UE may support the protocol stacks shown inFIGS. 4 to 6.

The base station may be configured to generate TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information (e.g., ‘TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon’) (S800). The TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information may include information indicating a subcarrier spacing and a TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1. In addition, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information may further include a TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2. The TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2 may be optionally used.

The TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1 may include information indicating a periodicity (e.g., length) of a DL-UL transmission period, a DL pattern described in Table 3, and a UL pattern described in Table 4. Additionally, the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1 may further include an SL pattern described in Table 5. Some parameters in the SL pattern may be included in the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1. For example, (IS-SSLOTand IS-ESLOT), (IS-SSLOTand NS-SLOT) or (IS-ESLOTand NS-SLOT) may be included in TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1, and at least one of NS-SSYMand NS-ESYMmay be further included in TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1 when there are consecutive SL symbols.

When the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information includes the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2, the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2 may include at least one of a DL pattern described in Table 3, a UL pattern described in Table 4, and an SL pattern described in Table 5. Additionally, the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2 may further include information indicating a periodicity (e.g., length) of a DL-UL transmission period. The DL pattern, the UL pattern, and the SL pattern included in the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2 may be different from the DL pattern, the UL pattern, and the SL pattern included in the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1, respectively.

When the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information includes the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1 and the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2, a DL-UL transmission period #1 according to the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #1 and a DL-UL transmission period #2 according to the TDD-UL-DL-pattern #2 may be configured in the time axis. The DL-UL transmission period #2 may be continuous with the DL-UL transmission period #1. In other words, the (DL-UL transmission period #1+DL-UL transmission period #2) may be periodically repeated in the time axis, and the length of (DL-UL transmission period #1+DL-UL transmission period #2) may be equal to or less than about 20 ms.

The base station may be configured to transmit system information (e.g., system information block (SIB)) including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information (S810). The UE may be configured to receive the system information from the base station, and identify the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information included in the system information (S820). Accordingly, the UE may be configured to identify the DL-UL transmission period based on the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, and identify at least one of the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources within the DL-UL transmission period. In particular, the UE may perform DL communication with the base station using the DL resources, perform UL communication with the base station using the UL resources, and perform SL communication with other UE(s) using the SL resources.

The base station may further be configured to generate TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information (e.g., ‘TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated’) when necessary (S830). The TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information may be used to reconfigure a FL resource (e.g., FL slot or FL symbol) configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information to a DL resource (e.g., DL slot or DL symbol), a UL resource (e.g., UL slot or UL symbol) or an SL resource (e.g., SL slot or SL symbol). The TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information may include a slot pattern described in Table 6 below. For example, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information may include one or more parameters from among the parameters listed in Table 6 below.

TABLE 6Slot patternDescriptionISLOTSlot indexADLIndicates that all symbols included in a slot indicated byISLOTare DL symbols.AULIndicates that all symbols included in a slot indicated byISLOTare UL symbols.ASLIndicates that all symbols included in a slot indicated byISLOTare SL symbols.ND-SYM-SLOTThe number of DL symbols among all symbols included ina slot indicated by ISLOT. A starting time point of the DLsymbols is identical to a starting time point of thecorresponding slot.NU-SYM-SLOTThe number of UL symbols among all symbols included ina slot indicated by ISLOT. An ending time point of the ULsymbols is identical to an ending time point of thecorresponding slot.NS-SYM-SLOTThe number of SL symbols among all symbols included ina slot indicated by ISLOT.IS-SSYMAn index of a first SL symbol (i.e., starting SL symbol)among consecutive SL symbols indicated by NS-SYM-SLOT.IS-ESYMAn index of a last SL symbol (i.e., ending SL symbol)among consecutive SL symbols indicated by NS-SYM-SLOT.

A slot configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information may be as follows.

FIG. 9is a conceptual diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a slot configured by TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 9, symbols included in one slot may be configured as DL symbols, UL symbols, or SL symbols according to the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. In particular, one slot may not include an FL symbol.

FIG. 10is a conceptual diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a slot configured by TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 10, symbols included in one slot may be configured as DL symbols, UL symbols, or SL symbols according to the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. Among the symbols included in one slot, a symbol that is not configured as a DL symbol, a UL symbol, or an SL symbol may be an FL symbol.

Referring again toFIG. 8, the base station may be configured to transmit an RRC message including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information to the UE (S840). The RRC message including the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information may be a cell-specific RRC message or a UE-specific RRC message. The UE may be configured to receive the RRC message from the base station and identify the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information included in the RRC message (S850). Accordingly, the UE may be configured to identify at least one of the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. In particular, the UE may perform DL communication with the base station using the DL resources, perform UL communication with the base station using the UL resources, and perform SL communication with other UE(s) using the SL resources.

On the other hand, a resource (e.g., a DL resource, a UL resource, a SL resource) configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information or the (TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information+TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information) may be reconfigured by a slot format indicator (SFI). For example, an SFI may be used to reconfigure a FL resource configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information or the (TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information+ TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information) to a DL symbol, a UL symbol, or an SL symbol. The SFI may be configured as shown in Table 7 below. The SFI may not be limited to examples shown in Table 7 below, and may be variously configured. In Table 7, ‘D’ may indicate a DL symbol, IF may indicate a UL symbol, ‘S’ may indicate an SL symbol, and ‘F’ may indicate an FL symbol.

TABLE 7Symbol index in SlotIndex01234567891011121356SSSSSSSSSSSSSS57DDDDDDDDDDDDDF58DDDDDDDDDDDDFS59DDDDDDDDDDDFSS60DDDDDDDDDDFSSS61DDDDDDDDDFFFFF62SSSSSSSSSSSSSU63SSSSSSSSSSSSUU64SUUUUUUUUUUUUU65SSUUUUUUUUUUUU66SSSUUUUUUUUUUU67SSSSUUUUUUUUUU68SSSSSUUUUUUUUU69SSSSSSUUUUUUUU70DFSSSSSSSSSSSS71DDFSSSSSSSSSSS72DDDFSSSSSSSSSS73DFSSSSSSSSSSSU74DDFSSSSSSSSSSU75DDDFSSSSSSSSSU76DFSSSSSSSSSSUU77DDFSSSSSSSSSUU78DDDFSSSSSSSSSU79DFSSSSSSSSSUUU80DDFSSSSSSSSUUU

The base station may be configured to generate a downlink control information (DCI) including an SFI (S860). The DCI including the SFI may be a DCI format 2_0. The base station may be configured to transmit the DCI including the SFI to the UE through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) (S870). The UE may be configured to receive the DCI from the base station and identify the SFI included in the DCI (S880). Accordingly, the UE may be configured to identify one or more of the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources configured by (TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information+ DCI) or (TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information+ TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information+ DCI). In particular, the UE may be configured to perform DL communication with the base station using the DL resources, perform UL communication with the base station using the UL resources, and perform SL communication with other UE(s) using the SL resources.

Meanwhile, UL resources may be used as SL resources in the communication system. In particular, the base station may be configured to transmit to the UE information (hereinafter referred to as an ‘SL reconfiguration pattern’) that indicates an UL resource used as an SL resource among the UL resources. For example, the base station may be configured to generate TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information including information that indicates a subcarrier spacing and a pattern #1. The TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information may further include a pattern #2. Each of the pattern #1 and the pattern #2 may include a DL pattern described in Table 3 and a UL pattern described in Table 4. Additionally, each of the pattern #1 and the pattern #2 may further include an SL reconfiguration pattern described in Table 8 below. The SL reconfiguration pattern may include one or more of parameters described in Table 8 (N′S-SLOT, N′S-SSYM, N′S-ESYM, I′S-SSLOT, I′S-ESLOT).

TABLE 8SLreconfigurationpatternDescriptionN′S-SLOTThe number of consecutive SL slots in a UL periodN′S-SSYMThe number of consecutive SL symbols located before afirst SL symbol (i.e., starting SL slot) among theconsecutive SL slots indicated by N′S-SLOT. An endingtime point of the consecutive SL symbols is identical to astarting time point of the consecutive SL slots.N′S-ESYMThe number of consecutive SL symbols located after alast SL symbol (i.e., ending SL slot) among theconsecutive SL slots indicated by N′S-SLOT. A startingtime point of the consecutive SL symbols is identical toan ending time point of the consecutive SL slots.I′S-SSLOTAn index of the first SL slot (i.e., starting SL slot)among the consecutive SL slots indicated by N′S-SLOTI′S-ESLOTAn index of the last SL slot (i.e., ending SL slot) amongthe consecutive SL slots indicated by N′S-SLOT

Therefore, some UL resources among the UL resources belonging to the UL period configured by the UL pattern may be reconfigured to SL resources by the SL reconfiguration pattern. The SL resources reconfigured by the SL reconfiguration pattern may be as follows.

FIG. 11is a conceptual diagram illustrating a second exemplary embodiment of a DL-UL transmission period including DL resources, UL resources, and SL resources in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 11, a DL-UL transmission period may be configured, and a DL period and a UL period may be configured within the DL-UL transmission period. The DL period may be configured by a DL pattern included in the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, and the UL period may be configured by a UL pattern included in the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information.

Additionally, some UL resources in the UL period may be reconfigured to SL resources by an SL reconfiguration pattern included in the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information. Thus, when the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information is received from the base station, the UE may be configured to identify one or more of the DL resources, the UL resources, and the SL resources indicated by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, and perform DL communication, UL communication, or SL communication using the corresponding resources.

Alternatively, the SL reconfiguration pattern may be included in the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information instead of the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information. In particular, some UL resources among the UL resources belonging to the UL period configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information may be reconfigured to SL resources by the SL reconfiguration pattern included in the TDD-UL-DL configuration dedicated information. Therefore, when the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information are received from the base station, the UE may be configured to identify the DL resources and the UL resources indicated by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, and identify the UL resources to be reconfigured to the SL resources by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information among the UL resources indicated by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information. The UE may be configured to perform DL communication, UL communication, or SL communication using the resources configured by the UL-DL-configuration common information and the UL-DL-configuration dedicated information.

Alternatively, the SL reconfiguration pattern may be included in a DCI instead of the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. In particular, some resources among the UL resources belonging to the UL period configured by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information or the (TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information+ TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information) may be reconfigured to SL resources by the SL reconfiguration pattern included in the DCI.

Therefore, when the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and/or the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information is received from the base station, the UE may be configured to identify the DL resources or the UL resources indicated by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and/or the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. Thereafter, when the DCI including the SL reconfiguration pattern is received from the base station, the UE may be configured to identify the UL resources to be reconfigured by the DCI to the SL resources among the UL resources indicated by the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information and/or the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information. The UE may be configured to perform DL communication, UL communication, or SL communication using the resources configured by the (UL-DL-configuration common information+ DCI) or the (UL-DL-configuration common information+UL-DL-configuration dedicated information+ DCI).

Meanwhile, SL resources may be configured by the UE, and the sidelink communication may be performed using the SL resources configured by the UE.

FIG. 12is a sequence chart illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a sidelink communication method in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 12, a communication system may include a UE #1 and a UE #2. For example, the UE #1 may be the UE235shown inFIG. 2and the UE #2 may be the236shown inFIG. 2. Each of the UE #1 and the UE #2 may be connected to a base station and may be located within coverage of the base station. Alternatively, the UE #2 may be located outside the coverage of the base station. The UE #1 and the UE #2 may be configured to be the same as or similar to the communication node300shown inFIG. 3. The UE #1 and the UE #2 may support the protocol stacks shown inFIGS. 4 to 6.

The UE #1 may reconfigure UL resources configured through at least one of the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information, and the DCI to SL resources (S1200). In addition, the UE #1 may reconfigure FL resources configured through at least one of the TDD-UL-DL-configuration common information, the TDD-UL-DL-configuration dedicated information, and the DCI to SL resources. The UE #1 may be configured to generate a sidelink control information (SCI) including SL resource information that indicates the reconfigured SL resources (S1210). The SL resource information may include one or more of parameters listed in Table 9 below.

TABLE 9SL resourceinformationDescriptionISLOTSlot indexN′S-SYM-SLOTThe number of consecutive FL/UL symbols reconfigured toSL symbols among FL/UL symbols included in a slotindicated by ISLOTI′S-SSYMAn index of a first SL symbol (i.e., starting SL symbol)among consecutive SL symbols indicated by N′S-SYM-SLOTI′S-ESYMAn index of a last SL symbol (i.e., ending SL symbol)among consecutive SL symbols indicated by N′S-SYM-SLOT

UL symbols included in a specific slot may be overridden to be SL symbols by the SL resource information as follows.

FIG. 13is a conceptual diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a slot configured by SL resource information in a communication system. As shown inFIG. 13, the symbols included in one slot may be configured as DL symbols, UL symbols, or FL symbols by at least one of the UL-DL-configuration common information, the UL-DL-configuration dedicated information, and the DCI. Some UL symbols among the UL symbols included in one slot may be reconfigured to SL symbols by the SL resource information. Here, ‘D’ may indicate a DL symbol, ‘U’ may indicate a UL symbol, ‘F’ may indicate an FL symbol, and ‘S’ may indicate an SL symbol.

Referring again toFIG. 12, the UE #1 may transmit an SCI including the SL resource information to the UE #2 (S1220). The UE #2 may be configured to receive the SCI from the UE #1 and may be configured to identify the SL resource information included in the SCI (S1230). The UE #1 and the UE #2 may be configured to perform the SL communication using the SL resources indicated by the SL resource information included in the SCI (S1240).

The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as program instructions executable by a variety of computers and recorded on non-transitory a computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium may include a program instruction, a data file, a data structure, or a combination thereof. The program instructions recorded on the non-transitory computer readable medium may be designed and configured specifically for the present disclosure or can be publicly known and available to those who are skilled in the field of computer software.

Examples of the non-transitory computer readable medium may include a hardware device such as ROM, RAM, and flash memory, which are specifically configured to store and execute the program instructions. Examples of the program instructions include machine codes made by, for example, a compiler, as well as high-level language codes executable by a computer, using an interpreter. The above exemplary hardware device may be configured to operate as at least one software module to perform the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and vice versa.