Soil conditioners

A cationactive soil-conditioning composition which comprises one or more active ingredients having the formulae ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.10-24 linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alk-dienyl group; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.2-18 as a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alk-dienyl or C.sub.2-18 -alpha-keto-group, R.sub.3 is a hydrogen; R.sub.3 ' if present is hydrogen or C.sub.1-8 alkyl; X and X' are formiate, acetate, propionate, hydrophosphate, hydroxyl, halogenide or nitrate; R.sub.4 methylene, ethylene or a polyglycol ether-group; m is a cardinal number from 1-6 and n is an integer from 1-6; R' is C.sub.10-24 linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alk-dienyl; R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 if present, is a hydrogen or taken together two substituents therefrom a CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- group; R.sub.8, R.sub.9, if present, hydrogen or methyl; Y.sub.1 is a --CH.dbd. or oxygen; Y.sub.2 is --NH-- or oxygen; X" is halogenide, acetate, nitrate, sebacate, tartarate, propionate, phosphate, hydrogenphosphate, carbonate, hydrogencarbonate or formiate; m' is a cardinal number from 1-6; m' is an integer from 1-6; R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are independently from each other hydrogen, ethyl, propyl, oxyethyl, oxypropyl, aminoethyl or aminopropyl-groups; R" is C.sub.9-24 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl; X'" is nitrate, halogenide, formiate acetate, propionate or butyrate. There is also provided a process for improving the crop-bearing characteristics of soil, in which a composition containing the above active ingredient, is added to soil.

The present invention relates to cationactive soil conditioners for 
promoting plant growth and yield. 
The fostering of growth and increasing of yield of useful plants can be 
accomplished partly by positive influences on the plants themselves and 
partly by the partial or complete destruction of the plant and/or animal 
organisms which limit or inhibit the development of useful plants. In 
other cases the limitation or fostering of such plant or animal organisms 
can prove beneficial to growth of useful plants. Small amounts of 
nitrogen-containing organic compounds are often added to fertilizers for 
promoting plant growth by positive influences. Organic acids can be used, 
for example, as biological growth promoters; also hormones, e.g. Auxin and 
Giberellinic acid. 
S. E. Seymour and others have shown (Symposium of the American Society of 
Agronomy, Dallas, 1953) that in some cases certain anionic and nonionic 
surfactants promote plant growth. The effect of the anionic and nonionic 
materials was explained by G. G. Shepchenko, N. L. Shepchenko and J. M. 
Volkov (Lesnoye Hozyaystvo No. 6, pp. 35-36, 1970), and by others, in that 
anionic or nonionic surfactants reduce surface tension and increased plant 
growth is brought about through the resulting increased diffusion. 
Reduction of the surface tension promotes the penetration of water and 
nourishing materials into the root system of the plant and thus 
accelerates its growth. 
It has been observed that stimulating activity of the above-mentioned 
nonionic and anionic detergents is not unequivocal, because, depending on 
the circumstances, such materials can also act as inhibitors. The partly 
stimulating, partly inhibiting and even phytotoxic activity often varies, 
therefore and anionic and nonionic surfactants are not very widely used 
for the growth stimulation of plants. 
The growth of useful plants can also be promoted by the partial or total 
destruction of the plant or animal organisms which detrimentally affect 
plant growth. Herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and germicides are 
generally cationic compounds or are compounds which can be converted into 
cationic compounds. Members of this group include azines, such as 
phenazine, thiazine- and oxazine derivatives, piperidyl- and nicotine 
derivatives, biguanide derivatives and various quaternary ammonium salts. 
Quaternary ammonium halogenide such as alkylpyridinium compounds, are 
widely used as microbicidal agents. According to prevailing expert 
opinion, however, these materials tend to retard plant growth and possess 
phytotoxic properties. There are a few cationactive detergents being used 
in agriculture, which have slight phytotoxic activity and are employed to 
fight mushrooms. The information which is available about the 
growth-controlling activity of cationic surfactants, is pronouncedly of a 
negative character and, therefore such agents are employed at most only as 
auxiliary agents for the distribution of other materials in the ground or 
by spraying onto plants. No experiments have been performed to determine 
the mechanism by which cationic detergents or materials which can be 
converted into cationic detergents act in promoting plant growth, because 
the prior art held forth no promise for the utilization of such materials 
for such purposes. 
We have found that the following cationic materials, and tensides which can 
be converted into these materials, surprisingly proved themselves 
effective as promoters of plant growth. The soil-conditioning materials in 
accordance with the present invention contain at least one of the 
following active ingredients 
##STR2## 
a linear acid-amide derivative according to the general formula (I), an 
N-heterocyclic compound according to the general formula (II), or an 
imidazolin or imidazolinium derivative according to the general formula 
(III), wherein R is a C.sub.10-24 linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or 
alk-dienyl-group; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.2-18 is 
a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alk-dienyl or C.sub.2-18 
-alpha-keto-group, R.sub.3 is a hydrogen; R.sub.3 ' if present is hydrogen 
or C.sub.1-8 alkyl; X and X' are formiate, acetate, propionate, 
hydrophosphate, hydroxyl, halogenide or nitrate; R.sub.4 methylene, 
ethylene or polyglycol ether-group; m is a cardinal number from 1-6 and n 
is an integer from 1-6; R' is C.sub.10-24 linear or branched alkyl, 
alkenyl or alkdienyl; R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 if present is a hydrogen 
or taken together two substituents therefrom a CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- 
group; R.sub.8, R.sub.9, if present, hydrogen or methyl; Y.sub.1 is a 
--CH.dbd. or oxygen; Y.sub.2 is --NH-- or oxygen; X" is halogenide, 
acetate, nitrate, sebacate, tartarate, propionate, phosphate, 
hydrogenphosphate, carbonate, hydrogencarbonate or formiate; m' is a 
cardinal number from 1-6; m' is an integer from 1-6; R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 
are independently from each other hydrogen, ethyl, propyl, oxyethyl, 
oxypropyl, aminoethyl or aminopropyl-groups; R" is C.sub.9-24 linear or 
branched alkyl or alkenyl; X''' is nitrate halogenide, formiate acetate, 
propionate or butyrate. 
The aforementioned active ingredients in accordance with the present 
invention, of formulae I, II, and III, can be prepared, for example, by 
methods described in literature sources such as A. M. Schwarz, J. W. 
Perry, and J. Berch: Surface Active Agents and Detergents, Interscience 
Publishers, New York 1958, Vol. I., pp. 151-200, Vol. II, pp. 103-120 and 
pp. 166-171; and K. Lindner: Tenside, Textilhilfsmittel, Waschrohstoffe, 
Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, Vol. I (1964), pp. 
965-1025, 1058-1061, Vol. III (1971), pp. 2341-2371. 
In addition to the above active ingredients, the compositions in accordance 
with the present invention can also contain reactive tensides, also 
flocculating agents having a high molecular weight in amounts of 20-80% by 
weight, such as alginates or their derivatives, cellulose derivatives as 
carboxymethylcellulose, celluloseethers- or ester, polyacrylates, 
polyacrylamides, hydrolysed polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid salts, or 
copolymers of vinylalcohol, copolymers of methacrylic acid and 
dimethylaminomethacrylate, copolymers of vinylchloroacetate and diammonium 
maleate, polyvinyl-2-chloroether, copolymers of styrene and methacrylic 
acid, polyvinylhydrogenphthalates, sulfonated polystyrenes, copolymers of 
styrene and itaconic acid anhydride, copolymers of vinylacetate and maleic 
acid anhydride, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyridinium, polyvinylalcohol, 
polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethacrylic acid, and sulfonated resins. 
The compositions of the present invention can also contain anionic and/or 
nonionic tenside compounds which in certain cases and in certain fields of 
application increase the activity of the active ingredients. 
In other cases it was found to be advantageous also to add to the 
compositions herbicides, fungicides, germicides and/or insecticides and 
also soil sterilizing agents. 
The compositions of the present invention can be used to treat plants or 
soil, before or after the appearance of growth above the surface, in 
preemergent or postemergent conditions. 
It is assumed that the active ingredients of the present invention form 
complexes at the negatively charged locations of minerals in the ground 
with the available metal ions, and form van der Waals-type bonds with the 
partial charges. The formation of a bond with the minerals in the soil is 
significant for the following reasons: 
(a) The soil structure and its water- and air content can be beneficially 
affected. The soil becomes crumbly and the water-holding capacity of the 
soil clumps increases. In the deeper soil strata the water-conducting 
capability of the soil can be reduced and in the upper layers evaporation 
from the soil and attendant drying can be prevented. Thus the useful 
water-containing capacity of the soil can be increased. 
(b) The active ingredients of the compositions of the present invention 
exert their plant growth-promoting activity only when the active compound 
is chemically bound, i.e. there is an interaction between the active 
compounds and certain components of the soil, which increases the yield 
the crops particularly under dry climatic conditions. The active compounds 
of the present invention increase the life functions of plants by 
increasing the absorption of nourishing materials, assimilation, 
photosynthesis, furthermore, increase the nucleic acid content and the 
activity of the nucleic acid, as well as the activity of some enzymes. The 
growth-promoting activity depends on the amount of the active compounds 
that are employed. The amount of the active ingredients can suitably go as 
high as 30-100 kg/hectare. 
(c) It was also surprisingly found that the active materials which are 
bound to soil components, beneficially affect the functions of soil 
bacteria. Bacterial activity increases after the soil is treated, and such 
increased activity persists for 6-12 weeks. The increase in the activity 
of soil bacterial acts upon the life functions of the crops and results in 
an increase of vegetative growth rate and/or an increase in crop yield. 
It can be determined that the activity of the active components of the 
present compositions manifests itself in the end results in a synergistic 
manner. These results are surprising because heretofore cationactive 
surfactants were believed not to possess any plant growth-fostering 
activity, but were known generally to have phytotoxic properties. In 
accordance with the present invention it was surprisingly contrariwise 
found that the present cationactive materials exert unequivocally 
beneficial biological activity which results in increased and in stronger 
growth. 
The active compositions of the present invention can be employed in the 
form of emulsions or solutions, and also applied to a carrier. In the 
preparation of liquid spray formulations the concentration of the active 
ingredient is suitably from about 0.0001 to about 10 g active 
component/liter of spray liquid. In the case of dusting powder 
formulations the concentration of the actives is suitably from about 10 to 
about 80% by weight. Of all varieties of known type of formulations 
dusting powders and sprays are considered most suitable. In the 
preparation of dusting powders from liquid compositions suitably a 
chemically neutral carrier is saturated with the liquid. In the 
preparation of the powder a suitable carrier should be employed which does 
not affect the activity of the composition and has to phytotoxic activity 
with respect to the crops. Suitably minerals such as diatomaceous earth, 
chalk, bentonite, kaolinite, quartz powder, or organic materials such as 
humus, peat, sawdust or useful barks, also industrial products or 
byproducts such as perlite, various silicates, urea, etc. The solid 
formulations are then suitably diluted with a finely powdered mineral such 
as talcum. 
The activity of the compositions of the present invention can be 
illustrated with the following Examples.

EXAMPLE 1 
Wheat was soaked for 5 minutes in an aqueous solution containing in each 
liter 10 mg 1-heptadecenyl-2-aminoethyl-2-imidazoline. Subsequently the 
impregnated wheat carrier was sown and covered with a 7 cm thick soil 
layer and maintained for 8 weeks with water at half the normal rate. The 
solids content of the crop is 25% higher on marshy soil and 33% higher on 
argillaceous soil than controls. When water was applied at the full normal 
rate, the solids content of the plants was 18% higher on marshy soil and 
14% higher on soda-containing soil than in the case of controls. 
EXAMPLE 2 
The test parcel contained soil comprising 85% quartzite with a 50-70 cm 
thick native soil layer and a ground water level of 1.5-2 m depth. The 
average temperature was 10.6.degree. C. in April, 16.3.degree. C. in May, 
19.6.degree. C. in June, 22.degree. C. in July, and 21.1.degree. C. in 
August. The area received 127 mm precipitation during the test period. The 
soil was treated at the rate of 10 kg/hectare with a mixture of 
N-oleoyldiethylenetriamide diacetate and a guanidine-formaldehyde 
condensate at a ratio of 4:1. The mixture was dissolved in 300 kg water. 
The control parcel was watered with the same amount of water. The active 
composition and the water, respectively, were worked into the ground in 
both parcels with a plow rake. Potato of the Pierwiosnek variety was 
planted in each parcel. On the test parcel treated with the active 
composition tuber formation occurred 3 days sooner, suberification 
occurred 5 days sooner, and ripening occurred 8 days sooner in the test 
parcel than in the control parcel. The yield increased by 18%, the number 
of tubers by 110% and at the same time they were 43% smaller than in the 
case of the control. 
Other comparisons were made in connection with potatoes, with identical 
amounts of 1-isopropylnaphthaline-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt and with 
dodecylbenzoenesulfonic acid sodium salt, and also with anionic tensides. 
The yield was under identical conditions lower by 17% and 4.8%, 
respectively due to phytotoxicity. The 1-isopropylnaphthaline-4-sulfonic 
acid sodium salt does not affect the number of tubers, but only reduces 
the average weight thereof. 
EXAMPLE 3 
The sandy soil of Example 2 was treated before sowing with 
N-methylenecarbopalmitamide quinolinium bromide and with an aqueous 
solution of carboxymethylcellulose; the latter in an amount of 0.33 
kg/hectare. Both chemicals are dissolved in 300 liters of water per 
hectare, then the solutions are divided and sprayed on the soil on two 
subsequent days. The control parcel was treated with plain water. After 
the second solution was applied to the test parcel, it was worked into the 
soil to a depth of 10 cm. Kecskemet rye (Hungary) was planted in the 
parcels. The test parcel showed an excess yield over the control parcel by 
43.3%. 
EXAMPLE 4 
In the same sandy parcel as in Example 2 a similar experiment was carried 
out under the same weather conditions, with the exception that the active 
component was N-methylenecarbopalmitamide pyridinium bromide. 5 kg/hectare 
was employed. The resulting crop yield was 35% higher than in the case of 
the control parcel. The crop was tomatoes from a planting of midget 
tomatoes of the K-42-X, Kecskemet variety. 
EXAMPLE 5 
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that 5 kg/hectare of the 
following mixture was used: 20% by weight N-methylene-carbopalmitamide 
pyridinium bromide, 20% 1-aminoethyl-1-methyl-2-laurylimidazolinium 
iodide, 40% polyvinylalcohol, and 20% partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide. 
In the test parcel rye of the Kecskemet variety and midget tomatoes of the 
Kecskemet variety were planted. In comparison with the control parcel the 
yield was higher by 56.6% in the case of the rye, and by 78.3% in the case 
of the tomatoes. 
EXAMPLE 6 
The soil used in Example 2 was treated with N-palmitoylpropylenediamine 
diacetate on silica carrier in an amount of 1 kg/hectare. The active 
composition was worked into the soil to a depth of 10 cm. The control 
parcel was sprinkled with the same amount of pure water and this was also 
worked into the soil to the same depth. Corn was planted and the yield was 
34.9% higher than in the case of the control parcel. 
The experiment was repeated with anionic tensides. 0.66 kg/hectare 
dodecylbenzenesulfonate and also 1-isopropylnaphthaline-4-sulfonic acid 
sodium salt were spread over silica sand and then sprayed with an aqueous 
solution of polyethylene polyamine partially quaternised with an aqueous 
solution of acetic acid, in an amount of 0.34 kg/hectare. The chemicals 
were worked into the ground to a depth of 10 cm. Szekacs 8 (Hungary) 
variety of oats were planted into the control parcel and also into the 
test parcel treated with N-palmitoyl-propylenediamine. Dodecylbenzene 
sulfonate does not increase the yield and in the case of 
1-isopropylnaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt reduced the yield by 
3.4% in comparison to the control. 
EXAMPLE 7 
In this Example a sandy soil was used having the following composition: 
0.01% by weight CaCO.sub.3, 0.34% humus, 1.0% ammonium, 1.65% nitrate, 
10.6% absorbable P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 4% absorbable K.sub.2 O. The water table 
was at 2-2.2 m depth. 102 mm precipitation was received on the test parcel 
during the experiment. During preemergence of the plants the parcel was 
with 6.6 kg/hectare of an aqueous solution of N-methylenecarbopalmitamide 
pyridinium bromide in 150 liters of water. The control parcel was sprayed 
only with plain water. Midget tomato seedlings of the Kecskemet K-42-X 
variety were planted. The yield in the test parcel was 20% larger than in 
the control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 8 
A loess-based 60-70 cm thick layer of carbon-containing brown forest soil 
containing 1.62% by weight humus, 1.85% ammonium, 0.8% NO.sub.3, 2.2% 
absorbable P.sub.2 O.sub.5, and 7.4% bound K.sub.2 O. After the deep 
ploughing in the fall and disc raking in the spring but before sowing, 1 
kg/hectare in 300 liters/hectare of a composition containing 80% 
N-methylene-carbolauroxymorpholinium chloride and 20% 
guanidine-formaldehyde condensate was sprayed onto the soil of the test 
parcel and then worked into the soil to a depth of 20 cm. The control 
parcel was sprayed with water which was also worked into the ground. Beer 
barley (spring barley) of the Taplan (Hungary) variety was sown. 197 mm 
precipitation took place during the initial growth period as follows: 16.5 
mm in April, 41.7 mm in May, 90.6 mm in June, and 48.8 mm in July. The 
average temperatures were 9.4.degree. C. in April, 15.8.degree. C. in May, 
19.3.degree. C. in June, and 21.degree. C. in July. The crop yield in the 
test parcel was by 29% larger, and ear formation occurred 3 days sooner 
than in the control parcel. 
Under identical conditions another control parcel was treated with 
sodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate. No increase in yield occurred and the ear 
formation was delayed by 2 days in comparison to the test parcel. 
EXAMPLE 9 
Oats of the Szekacs 8 variety were sown under the same circumstances as in 
Example 8, at a chemical treatment rate of 5 kg/hectare. Ear formation 
occurred 3 days sooner and the increase in yield was by 32% higher than in 
the control parcel. On a control parcel treated with 5 kg/hectare 
sodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate the increase in yield was not even 7/8 of 
that obtained on the test parcel, while in the case of another control, 
with 1-isopropylnaphthaline-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt the yield was 
reduced by 16%. 
EXAMPLE 10 
In this Example a loess-based 65 cm thick layer of forest soil was used, 
containing 0.03% by weight CaCO.sub.3, 1.6% humus, 1.85% ammonium, 0.8% 
nitrate. The total precipitation during the test period was 198 mm: 16.5 
mm in April, 45.7 mm in May, 90.6 mm in June, and 48.8 mm in July. The 
average temperatures were 9.4.degree. C. in April, 15.8.degree. C. in May, 
19.3.degree. C. in June, 21.degree. C. in July, and 20.degree. C. in 
August. 
After deep ploughing in the fall, and cultivation in the spring, the soil 
was treated with an aqueous solution of N-methylenecarbopalmitamide 
quinolinium bromide composition which comprised 3.3 kg of the active 
compound applied onto 16.5 kg/hectare of Neuburg chalk as carrier 
suspended in 300 liter/hectare of water, with 0.66 kg/hectare 
octadecaglycol-oleoyl ester, as suspending agent. One day later the soil 
was treated with an aqueous solution of 6.6 kg carboxymethylcellulose and 
150 liter of water/hectare. The control parcel was treated with the same 
amount of plain water. Maize of the MV-5 variety was planted into the 
parcels with the square planting method. The yield on the test parcel was 
by 17.6% higher than on the control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 11 
The composition of the soil and the weather conditions in this Example were 
the same as in Example 10. 3 kg/hectare of 
1-aminoethyl-1-methyl-2-lauryl-2-imidazolinium acetate on 12 kg silica 
carrier were worked into the soil to a depth of 10 cm. Potatoes of the 
Pierwiosnek variety were planted. Due to the treatment of the test parcel 
spud formation commenced 5 days sooner, suberification 8 days sooner and 
ripening 11 days sooner than in the control parcel. The harvest on the 
test parcel was 31.3% higher, while in comparison on the control parcel 
the number of spuds was about 16.4% fewer, but about 57% larger. This 
method of treatment, therefore is especially suitable for potatoes for 
human consumption. 
EXAMPLE 12 
Brown forest soil was treated with a mixture of active ingredients and 
fertilizer. The experiment was carried out with N-methylene carbolauroxy 
morpholinium chloride and with 60% N-oleoyl-diethylenetriamide borate, 30% 
bis-N-lauroyl diethylenetriamide, 10% urea-formaldehyde condensate, 
respectively. The components were dissolved in water in a 1:60 ratio, and 
300 liter/hectare. The yield increases which were obtained under average 
conditions, are summarized in the following table. 
______________________________________ 
Add'1. yield in %, compared to the control 
Super- NH.sub.4 
Ca 
Ingredient phosphate K K-urea 
NO.sub.3 
nitrate 
______________________________________ 
N-methylene- 
carbolauroxy- 
morpholinium 
chloride 19.5 12.5 4.8 19.1 16.8 
N-oleoyldiethyle- 
ne triamide + 
30% N-lauroyl- 
diethylenetri- 
amide + 10% 
urea-formal- 
dehyde con- 
densate 23.7 7.9 9.3 15.4 18.1 
______________________________________ 
The control parcels were treated only with fertilizers. From the results it 
is clear that the active components of the invention are not substitutes 
for fertilizer but exert an additive growth effect independently 
therefrom. 
EXAMPLE 13 
Soil of the same type as in Example 12 was treated under identical 
conditions with 6.6 kg/hectare of N-palmitoylpropylenediamine on silica 
gel carrier. After spreading the material onto the soil, it was worked in 
to a depth of 10 cm, and maize of the MV-5 variety was planted with the 
quadratic method in the parcels. The yield was by 18.5% higher in the test 
parcel than in the control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 14 
The same soil as in Examples 12 and 13 was treated under identical 
conditions with 3.33 kg/hectare N-methylenecarbolauroxy pyridinium 
chloride and 1.67 kg/hectare 1-aminomethyl-2-lauryl-2-imidazoline. The 
actives were applied to a perlite byproduct carrier. The composition was 
worked into the soil to a depth of 10 cm and then maize of the MV-5 
variety was planted with the quadratic system. In comparison with the 
control parcel, the yield was 26% higher. 
The experiment was repeated under identical conditions, except that the 
individual compounds were separately used in the same amounts. Also in 
this case the ingredients each were applied onto a perlite byproduct 
carrier before spreading onto the soil. The yield increase in the case of 
N-methylenecarbolauroxy pyridinium chloride was about 12.3% and in the 
case of the 1-aminoethyl-2-laurylimidazoline was 7.1%. In this Example the 
synergism of the combined ingredients was demonstrated. 
EXAMPLE 15 
On the same soil and under identical weather conditions as in Examples 
12-14 and after identical soil preparation an aqueous solution of 1 
kg/hectare cetyltriethylammonium bromide and 2 kg/hectare 
1-ethylamino-2-oleyl-2-imidazoline and 1 kg/hectare guanidine-formaldehyde 
condensate in a mixture was applied. The control was treated with an 
identical amount of water. Both the water and the actives were worked into 
the soil to a depth of 10 cm. Maize of the MV-5 variety was planted with 
the quadratic system. The yield increase in maize grains was 16% and in 
green plant components about 10%. 
EXAMPLE 16 
The same soil as in Example 12-15 was treated under identical conditions, 
with 600 kg/hectare NPK fertilizer and also with 3 kg/hectare 
N-cetoylpropylenediamine borate on silica carrier. The materials were 
worked into the soil to a depth of 10 cm. Sugar beets were planted of the 
variety Beta Polly 3. The yield increase in comparison with the control 
parcel was 32% with respect to the beets and the increase in sugar content 
was of the same relative percentage. 
EXAMPLE 17 
The same soil as in Examples 12-16 was treated under the identical 
conditions, with 600 kg/hectare of NPK fertilizer, whereby the fertilizer 
also served as carrier for 6 kg 
1-aminoethyl-1-methyl-2-cetyl-2-imidazolinium iodide. Feed grade peas were 
planted. The yield increase for peas was 21% higher than in the control 
parcel which was treated only with 600 kg/hectare NPK fertilizer. The peas 
of the test parcel contained 6.8 relative percentage points more protein 
than those of the control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 18 
In these experiments the soil was layered on loess loam, the soil being an 
85 cm thick layer having a composition of 1.68% CaCO.sub.3, 0.75% humus, 
1.07% ammonium, 1.77% NO.sub.3. The water table was at 180-190 cm depth. 
The average temperatures were 16.9.degree. C. in May, 19.8.degree. C. in 
June, 21.5.degree. C. in July, and 20.5.degree. C. in August. The total 
precipitation during this period was 113 mm, as follows: 12 mm in May, 83 
mm in June, 13 mm in July and 7 mm in August. 
After deep ploughing in the fall and cultivation in the spring maize of the 
MV-620 variety was planted with a hand spreader by the quadratic method. 
Thereafter 1 kg/hectare of material in 300 liter/hectare water of the 
following composition was applied to the soil of the test parcel: 6/10 
part bis-oleoyl-diethylenetriamide, 3/10 part lauroyldiethylenetriamide 
diacetate, 1/10 part 1-aminoethyl-2-hexadecyl-2-imidazoline. The control 
parcel was watered by plain water. The treating material and water, 
respectively, were worked into the soil to a depth of 8-10 cm. In 
comparison with the control, the yield increase was 15% and with respect 
to maize straw 6%. 
When an anionic tenside such as sodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate was used to 
treat the soil, under identical circumstances only a 3% yield increase was 
obtained and the maize straw yield was lowered by 6%. 
EXAMPLE 19 
6 kg/hectare N-ethylene-carbolauroxyquinolinium iodide solution is sprayed 
onto a dry soil on a loess base. A week killer is also applied to the soil 
at the same time. These agents are tilled into the soil and then a MBTC 
431 type corn is planted. During the growing period 210 mm precipitation 
took place. In the treated parcel a 17.4% higher crop yield was obtained 
as compared with a similarly handled but untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 20 
10 kg/hectare N-ethylene-carbomyristicamidequinolinium bromide was sprayed 
in an aqueous suspension onto 60-70 cm thick soil on a clay base. The 
suspension was prepared by mixing each hundred kilogram of active 
ingredient in hundred kilograms of sunflower oil and emulsifying the 
resultant mixture with 10 kilograms of polyethyleneglycol ether in 1 cubic 
meter of water. After spraying, the emulsion was tilled into the soil and 
rye was planted. During the growing period 192 mm precipitation took 
place. In the treated parcel the yield was 16.7% higher than in the 
untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 21 
A solution of 5 kg/hectare N-propylenemyristic amidepyridinium bromide, in 
300 liters/hectare water, was sprayed onto a clayey sandy soil on a rock 
ledge base and then fall wheat was planted. In the spring, simultaneously 
with the spraying of fertilizer, the plants, which were becoming bushy, 
were also sprayed with the solution but it was not tilled into the soil. 
Between the spring spraying and harvest, 237 mm precipitation fell. The 
grain crop yield in the treated parcel was 21.4% higher than in the 
untreated control parcel. The total protein content of the wheat was 3.6% 
higher in the treated parcel than in the control parcel. The chaff 
proportion was basically the same in both the treated and untreated 
parcels. 
EXAMPLE 22 
A mixture containing 10 kg/hectare of 
N-methylenemyristicamide-pyridiniumbromide, and 100 kg/hectare silicagel 
carrier, was spread dry onto a brown forest soil on clayey soil base, then 
tilled 20-25 cm deep and turned into the soil. Then sugar beet was 
planted. Between the treatment and harvesting, 293 mm precipitation fell. 
The sugar beet yield was 32% higher in the treated parcel than in the 
untreated control parcel. The dry material content of the beat was 9.7% 
higher and the sugar content 3.2% higher in the crop obtained in the 
untreated parcel. The increase in sugar content is, however, not 
significant. 
EXAMPLE 23 
On a sandy soil, having a humus content of 1.02%, a growth of grapes was 
standing. In the spring, before the grapes blossomed, 15 kg/hectare 
N-methylenecarbolauroxypyridinium chloride, in a solution of 300 
liters/hectare water, was sprayed onto the soil. By harvest time, at the 
end of August, a total of 227 mm precipitation had fallen. The crop yield 
in the treated parcel was 11.5% higher than in the untreated control 
parcel. 
EXAMPLE 24 
10 kg/hectare N-methylenecarboleyloxy-pyridinium acetate, in an aqueous 
solution, was applied to a clayey soil. Tobacco of the Kallo-type was 
planted and during the growth period 334 mm precipitation fell. An 18.7% 
higher yield was obtained in the treated parcel than in the untreated 
control parcel. The tobacco obtained from the treated parcel had a lighter 
color than that obtained from the untreated control parcel. The following 
year, when less precipitation fell, viz. 102 mm, similar treatment of the 
test parcel resulted in a 48% increase in yield than in the untreated 
control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 25 
6 kg/hectare N-ethylenecarbolauroxyquinolinium nitrate, in aqueous 
solution, was sprayed on acidic forest brown soil. Wheat was planted in 
the treated parcel. In the spring, when the plants began to become bushy 
and simultaneously with the customary fertilization, an additional 6 
kg/hectare N-ethylenecarbolauroxyquinolinium nitrate was sprayed on the 
soil. Care was taken to avoid trampling the growing plants with the 
equipment utilized. During the growth period, 287 mm precipitation fell. 
In the treated parcel the yield of grain was 15.8% higher than in the 
untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 26 
10 kg/hectare N-propylenecarbolinoxy-morpholinium acetate and 50 kg/hectare 
hydrolized polyacrylonitrile sodium salt, in 300 liter/hectare water, was 
sprayed onto solonyez-type meadow soil. After spraying, MV 580-type corn 
was planted. From the time of treatment until breaking of the corn, 317 mm 
precipitation fell. In the treated parcel, the crop yield was 15.6% higher 
than in the untreated control parcel. Moreover, in the treated parcel the 
dry material content of the crop was 9.8% higher than in the untreated 
control parcel. Thus the total dry weight increase of the treated parcel 
was 26.9% higher than in the untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 27 
A 1:1 emulsion of sunflower oil was prepared with 
N-hexylenecarbo-11,11-dimethyllauroxymorpholinium acetate, with a 
polyethyleneglycol oleylester. This emulsion was sprayed onto brown forest 
soil. The total amount of the active and the sunflower oil was 12 
kg/hectare and the polyglycol ester emulsifier was 2 kg/hectare. 100 
liters per hectare water were employed in the preparation of the emulsion. 
After application of the emulsion to the test parcel, a Kecskemet midget 
type tomato was planted. Water corresponding to a daily precipitation of 
15 mm was sprayed during the first six days of the treated parcel and on 
the control parcel. From then on 173 mm natural precipitation fell. The 
ripening of the tomato took place eight days sooner on the treated parcel 
and took seventeen days longer than on the control parcel. The yield in 
the test parcel was 21.7% higher than in the untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 28 
A dry brackish, meadow soil was treated with a 10 kg/hectare 
N-butylenecarbo-6-hexyl-lauramide-pyridinium sebacate, which was applied 
to 15 times its weight of silica gel. The active applied to the carrier 
was suspended with 8 kg/hectare polyvinylpyrrolidone in 500 liters/hectare 
water then sprayed onto the soil. the spray was turned into the soil and 
then alfalfa was planted. After the first mowing the alfalfa was 19.7% 
higher, on the second mowing 16.3% higher, on the third mowing 15.8% 
higher in green mass on the treated parcel than on the untreated control 
parcel. The total increase on the treated parcel in the first year was 
17.1%. In the second year the treatment was repeated in the spring but the 
active substance was not applied to a carrier but emulsified in an amount 
of 10 kg/hectare in 150 liters/hectare water with 2 kg/hectare 
polyvinylpyrrolidone. After the treatment, the rain washed the material 
into the soil. In the second year, on the first mowing 21.3%, on the 
second mowing 20.0%, and on the third mowing 18.2%, a total of 20.1% 
increase in green mass was obtained in the treated parcel in comparison to 
the untreated parcel. 
EXAMPLE 29 
A clayey sand soil was treated with 6 kg/hectare 
N-ethylenecarbostearoxy-phenanthradinium tartrate dissolved in 300 
liters/hectare water. Sunflower seeds were planted. 312 mm precipitation 
fell during the growing season. Grain yield was 17.8% higher in the 
treated parcel than in the untreated control parcel. Moreover, the acid 
number of the oil pressed from the sunflower on the treated parcel was 
lower by 9. 
EXAMPLE 30 
The same soil as described in Example 29 was sprayed with 6 kg/hectare 
N-hexylene-3',6'-dion-lauroxy-5,6-dimethylpyridinium propionate dissolved 
in 300 liters/hectare water. Pierwiosnek potato was planted. 287 mm 
precipitation fell during the growing season. The potato cropyield was 
22.3% higher in the treated parcel, than in the untreated parcel. The 
increased yield was primarily attributable to the fact than in the treated 
parcel the individual potatos were generally larger. The yield of 
exportable pomme fritte-grade potatoes in the treated parcel was 10% 
higher than in the untreated parcel. Moreover, the proportion of fodder 
grade potatoes was 10% lower in the treated parcel than in the untreated 
parcel. 
EXAMPLE 31 
Meadow soil was treated with 10 kg/hectare N-decylene 2',4',6',8',10' 
pentane lauramide pyridinium acetate. The material was first applied to 50 
kg/hectare of finely ground loam carrier and was suspended in 150 
liters/hectare water with 2 kg/hectare polyvinylpyrrolidone before 
application to the soil. After spraying, it was turned and tilled 15 cm 
deep. Hemp was then planted. 295 mm precipitation fell during the growing 
period. The gathered green mass was 5.6% higher, the fibrous mass 9.7% 
higher, and the amount of fibre was 11.8% higher in the treated parcel 
than in the untreated control parcel. Moreover, fibres obtained from the 
treated parcel were of a finer grade. 
EXAMPLE 32 
5 kg/hectare N-hexylene-3',6'-dion-oleoamide-5-methylpyridinium hydrogen 
carbonate was applied to 500 kg/hectare manure and the resultant 
combination applied to eroded tshernozyom soil. The control parcel was 
treated with 500 kg/hectare manure and no active was applied. The manure 
was tilled into the soil on both tracts to a depth of 25 cm and winter 
wheat was planted. In the spring, the test parcel was again sprayed with 5 
kg/hectare N-hexylene-3',6'-dionoleoamide-5-methylpyridinium hydrogen 
carbonate in 150 liters/hectare water with 2 kg/hectare 
polyvinylpyrrolidone emulsifier while the control parcel was sprayed with 
150 liters/hectare pure water. During the growing season 233 mm 
precipitation fell. The green yield was 17.3% higher in the treated parcel 
than in the untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 33 
A growth of Mariska-type peach trees were standing on a clay soil. This 
soil was treated with N-ethylene-carbolauramide-pyridinium carbonate in an 
amount of 15 kg/hectare active dissolved in 150 liters/hectare water. 197 
mm precipitation fell during the growing season. After the customary 
scarifying, the growth was 17.5% higher in the treated parcel than in the 
untreated one. This was mainly due to the larger size of the peach crop on 
the treated parcel. 
EXAMPLE 34 
Marshy soil was treated with a suspension of 3.5 kg/hectare 
N-ethylene-carbolinoleicamide-6-methyl-morpholinium phosphate, 1.5 
kg/hectare glue and 300 liters/hectare water. Carnations were planted, 
then the soil was watered as if it would have received 60 mm precipitation 
per month. In the parcel treated with the active material the flower yield 
was 7.3% higher than in the untreated parcel. Moreover, in the treated 
parcel, the average size of the flowers was 1.7 cm larger than in the 
untreated parcel. 
EXAMPLE 35 
10 kg/hectare N-butylene-2',4'-dion-stearoxy-2-methylquinolinium butyrate 
was applied to 150 kg/hectare calcium carbonate powder and the resultant 
combination was dusted onto solonyez type meadow soil then tilled into the 
soil to a depth of 25 cm. 150 kg/hectare calcium carbonate powder, without 
the active, was also tilled 25 cm deep into the soil of the control 
parcel. MV 620-type silo maize was planted. 274 mm precipitation fell 
during the frowing season. The green yield was 19.2% higher in the treated 
parcel than in the untreated control parcel. 
EXAMPLE 36 
Clayey soil was treated with 6 kg/hectare 
N-hexylene-2",4",6"-trion-11',11'dimethyl-linoxy-5,6-dimethylpyridinium 
nitrate solution. The solution was prepared by mixing the active in a 1:1 
ratio with sunflower oil and then suspending it with 1.5 kg/hectare 
polyvinyl pyrrolidone in 150 liters/hectare water. The solution was 
sprayed on then turned into the soil to a depth of 6-10 cm. Peas were then 
planted. The blooming, pod formation, and ripening of the peas in the test 
parcel occurred one week sooner than in the untreated control parcel. The 
green yield was 22.3% higher in the treated parcel than in the control 
parcel. The fodder value was also 19.7% higher in the test parcel. 
EXAMPLE 37 
Small parcel experiment was made in fourfold repetition on a solonyez type 
soil. The active substance was 
N,N,N-triethyl-ammonium-N-tetramethylenetetraminedecanoic acid-N''''-amide 
formiate of the following formula 
##STR3## 
A dose corresponding to 37 kg/hectare was mixed in a ball mill with 2000 
kg of sand. The sandy composition was sprayed on the soil to be treated. 
The composition was incorporated into the soil into a depth of 5 cm. The 
control parcels were treated with 2000 kg/hectare of sand without active 
substance and this dose has been also worked into the soil. For comparison 
purposes 100 kg/hectare of polyacrylic amide as a soil conditioner was 
used as well and this soil conditioner was worked into the soil. The 
treatment was made before the sowing of the plant. Thereafter sugar beet 
was sown and the amount of precipitation was between the period of sowing 
and harvesting about 298 mm. Applying the composition containing the 
active substance the yield was 22.7% higher than the control. The parcels 
treated with polyacrylic amide soil conditioner yield a surplus amounting 
to 9.2% compared to the control. The result obtained with the above active 
substance proved significant on a 1% of probability level whereas the 
results obtained with polyacrylic amide only on a 10% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 38 
Small parcel experiments were made in sixfold repetition on a brown forest 
soil with alfalfa. Two kinds of active substances have been used. The 
first one was the N-isopropyl-tetraethylenepentamine dec-5-anoic 
acid-N'''''-amide of the formula 
##STR4## 
The second one was 
N-(7-hexyl-dodecyl)-ammonium-N-butyl-4'-amine-octadeca-6,12-dienoic acid 
amide butyrate of the formula 
##STR5## 
The dose of the first active substance was 19 kg/hectare and this dose was 
mixed with 6 kg/hectare of ethanolamine and the mixture was emulgated 
under the exclusion of air in a colloid mill with 275 liters/hectare of 
water. 300 kg/hectare of the emulsion was sprayed on the soil. 
The second active substance was mixed in a ratio of 1-20 with a highly 
crosslinked urea-formaldehyde condensate which was used in a dose 
amounting to 88 kg/hectare. After homogenization the mixture was milled 
into a fine grain size and together with 5% by weight polyglycol ether it 
was suspended in a fivefold amount of water. The suspension was sprayed on 
the soil in an amount corresponding to 1.16 mm precipitation. 
After treating the soil with the active substance it was incorporated in 
depth of 10 cm, thereafter alfalfa was sown. The amount of precipitation 
was in the first year 475 mm, in the second year 423 mm. The experiment 
with alfalfa was performed for two years. In the first year alfalfa was 
cut down three times in the second year four times. 
The result of these treatments based on the untreated control expressed in 
yield surplus percentage are the following: 
______________________________________ 
First year: 
first cut down 116.7 
second cut down 122.5 
third cut down 123.8 
mean 122.9 
Second year: 
first cut down 112.2 
second cut down 117.3 
third cut down 120.9 
fourth cut down 119.5 
mean 119.3 
______________________________________ 
The yield surplus proved using both active substances significant on an 1% 
probability level. 
EXAMPLE 39 
Middle parcel experiment was made in fourfold repetition with grapes on a 
sandy soil with fruit-bearing grape. The active substance used in this 
experiment was N,N-dilinolil-ammonium-N-hexaethylenehexamine dodec-6-anoic 
acid amide nitrate of the formula 
##STR6## 
The soil was sprayed with the emulsion in spring-time before budding. An 
amount of 1295 liters/hectare of the emulsion was sprayed on the soil. In 
the period of the treatment and the vintage the soil received a 
precipitation of about 327 mm. The yield was with 31.0% higher in the 
treated parcels than in the control parcels. The yield surplus proved 
significant on a 1% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 40 
An experiment on large scale was carried out with maize and open country 
soil was used. The active substance utilized was 
N,N-dipalmitylamino-N-dipropylene-di(methylammonium)-N'''-propyleneamine-d 
ecanoic acid-N''''-amideiodide of the following formula 
##STR7## 
126 kg of active substance was homogenized with 12.6 kg of linolic acid, 
thereafter the homogenized mixture was sprayed on 1380 kg of diatomic 
earth as a carrier and the whole mixture was milled. The milled mixture 
was sprayed via pre-sowing method on the surface of the soil, thereafter 
the soil was treated post-emergence with a fertilizer and weed killer. The 
substances used in the course of the various treatments were worked into 
the soil by means of discing, thereafter pea was sown in the soil. In the 
period between sowing and harvesting, the precipitation amounted to 318 
mm. The average yield was with 19.3% higher than in the control soil. 
EXAMPLE 41 
A small parcel experiment was carried out in sixfold repetition on a 
solonyez-type meadow soil. The used active substance was tetraethylene 
pentamine-tetraeicosanoic acid-amide of the following formula 
##STR8## 
The active substance was melted on a temperature not higher than 
80.degree. C., thereafter was thoroughly mixed with a threefold amount of 
urea. Under stirring gypsum peptised in water was mixed into the 
urea-active substance mixture using an amount of gypsum corresponding to 
the fourfold amount of the active substance. The amount of water was twice 
more than the amount of the active substance. The components were 
homogenized and the gypsum was left to solidify. Under the action of 
gypsum the whole system solidified, the solid mixture was milled to a fine 
grain size. 168 kg of the above mixture per one hectare was sprayed on the 
soil and together with manure it was worked into the soil by ploughing. 
After ploughing winter wheat was sown into the soil. Between the period of 
sowing and cultivation in spring-time the precipitation amounted to 199 
mm. In the course of the cultivation an amount of 84 kg of mixture per 
hectare was sprayed on the surface of the soil without working it into the 
soil. In the period between the agricultural treatment in spring-time and 
harvesting the crop the precipitation amounted to 230 mm. The yield of the 
crop was 21.7% higher in the treated parcels than without the treatment 
and the obtained result proved significant on an 5% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 42 
Small parcel experiment was carried out with tomato on a brown forest soil 
in sixfold repetition. The utilized active substances were the following: 
bis-N,N'-(tetraeicosyl-8,16-dienone)-1-aminoethyl-oxyethylamine of the 
formula: 
##STR9## 
The second active substance was 
N,N,N-trihexylammonium-N-hexamethylenehexamine-6-hexyl-lauric 
acid-N'''''''-amidehydroxide of the formula 
##STR10## 
The first active substance was emulgated in water in a colloid mill at 
80.degree. C. with an emulgator of polyglycolether type which was used in 
an amount of 8% based on the active substance. The concentration of the 
aqueous emulsion was adjusted to 20%. The second active substance was 
emulgated with 3% glue and 5% methylene carbolauroxypiridiumamide as an 
emulsifying agent. The concentration of the second emulsion was adjusted 
similarly to 20% active substance. The emulsions were sprayed in an amount 
of 600 liter/hectare on the soil, thereafter the emulsion was worked into 
the soil by means of raking and tomato was sown into the soil. After 
bedding out the plants irrigation was used according to the water 
requirement of the plants. Between bedding and the first harvesting the 
soil received a precipitation of about 217 mm, whereas between bedding out 
and the last harvesting the amount of precipitation was altogether 293 mm. 
The obtained yields based on the untreated control and expressed in 
percentage were the following: 
______________________________________ 
first active substance 
128.3% 
second active substance 
127.2% 
______________________________________ 
Both results proved significant on an 5% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 43 
Pot experiment were carried out in 16-fold repetition, in a glass house 
using air ventillation with control fed temperature and artificial u.v. 
light. The irrigation was controlled in a manner that the plants should 
obtain an amount of water slightly more than that of corresponding of the 
wilting point of the plant. The soil was a loamy one. The used active 
substance was 3-aminopropyl-3'-oxypropyl-3"-oxypropylamine-eicosenoic 
acid-N'-amide of the formula 
##STR11## 
The active substance was melted and sprayed on silica gel, thereafter the 
silica gel was pulverized. The active substance content of the mixture was 
10% and the composition was suitable for suspension. Before using the 
active substance it was suspended in water, the suspension was applied 
with a 20% active substance concentration. The suspension was sprayed in a 
dose amounting to 2250 liters/hectare on the surface of the soil. 
Thereafter 10 grains of bean were placed in a depth of 2 cm. under the 
soil surface. The experiment was performed for 8 weeks and at the end of 
the experiment the amount of the green mass was measured. The yield was 
with 31.6% higher in the treated parcels than in the untreated control pot 
parcel. The surplus proved significant on an 0.1% probability level. It 
should be noted that the sprouting of the treated plants was 98.7% in 
contrast to the untreated control which was only 83.5%. In addition the 
period of time until blossoming could be shortened with 4-5 days. 
EXAMPLE 44 
Small parcel experiments were made in four repetition on a soil of 
tshernozyom-type. The used active substance was 
N-palmityl-ammonium-N-tetraethylenetetramine 10-(dec-5'ene) 
eicos-5,15-dienoic acid-N'''''-amide of the formula 
##STR12## 
The active substance was mixed with 3% of glue, 3% of ethanolamine and 5% 
of an emulsifier of polyglycolether type at 60.degree. C. and it was 
emulgated in water using a colloid mill. The emulsion contained 20% of 
active substance. This composition was used to treat winter wheat in an 
amount of 460 liters/hectare, applying the composition on the surface of 
the plant. At the beginning of the budding in the period between the 
treatment and the harvesting the amount of the precipitation was 101 mm. 
The yield on the treated parcels was with 27.3% higher than on the 
untreated control. The result proved significant on an 5% probability 
level. 
EXAMPLE 45 
Large scale experiment was carried out on a meadow soil the size of the 
parcel was about 10 hectares. The active substance was 
N-triethylammonium-N'-ethyleneethylammonium-eicosanoic acid amide 
phosphate of the formula 
##STR13## 
The active substance was emulgated using an emulsifier of the 
methylenecarbolauroxy piridinium bromide type and the active substance was 
emulgated in a colloid mill. The emulsion contained 20% of active 
substance. The composition was used in an amount of 300 liters/hectare, 
together with a liquid fertilizer. The active substance was worked into 
the soil in a depth of 10 cm and thereafter maize was sown. In the period 
between the treatment and harvesting the amount of precipitation was 313 
mm. The average grain yield of the treated plots was higher with 19.8% 
than that of the untreated plots. 
EXAMPLE 46 
Small parcel experiments were carried out on a sandy soil in sixfold 
repetition. The utilized active substances were the following: 
(1) 
N-methylketonamine-N-ethyl-1'-oxyethyl-aminoethyl-1"-oxyethyl-N"-ethylammo 
nium-lauric acid-N"-amidebromide of the formula 
##STR14## 
(2) amino-[tetraethylenetetra-(decylammonium)]-ethyleneamine-decanoic 
acid-N''''''-amide-bromide of the formula 
##STR15## 
The first active substance was mixed in an 1:10 ratio with diatomaceous 
earth and the mixture was milled. The second active substance was 
dissolved in ethanolamine and was sprayed on pulverised calcium carbonate. 
The solvent was distilled off in vacuo and recovered. The amount of active 
substance was about 9% of the carrier substance. The test parcels were 
treated with 338 kg of the active substance and 545 kg of the second 
active substance based on one hectare soil. The compositions were worked 
into the soil, thereafter potato was planted. In the period between 
planting and harvesting the amount of precipitation was 279 mm. 
The obtained yields based on the untreated control and expressed in percent 
were the following: 
______________________________________ 
first active substance 121.9 
second active substance 123.2 
______________________________________ 
The yields surplus proved significant on an 1% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 47 
Small parcel experiments were carried out with fodder pea on sandy brown 
forest soil. The used active substance was 
N,N-diethyl-amino-[pentakis-(N',N",N''',N'''',N''''')-ethyl-oxyethyl-hexad 
ecinamino]-ethyl-oxyethylaminepalmitoyl-N''''''-amide of the formula 
##STR16## 
The active substance was melted with carnauba wax and left solidified. The 
weight ratio of active substance and of the wax was 1:5. After 
solidification the mixture of the active substance and the carnauba wax it 
was milled in a ratio of 1:1 with sand and thereafter was spread on the 
soil in a dose in amounting to 1100 kg/hectare. The composition was worked 
into the soil and fodder pea was planted. In the period between planting 
and harvesting the amount of the precipitation was 293 mm. The grain 
yields of the treated parcels were 19.8% higher than that of the untreated 
controls. The result proved significant on an 5% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 48 
Small parcel experiments were made in 4-fold repetition with maize on a 
meadow soil of solonyez-type. The utilized active substances were the 
following: 
1-oxyethyl-2-trieicosil-2-imidazoline and 2 nonyl-imidazoline. 
The first active substance was dissolved in fivefold amount of ethanolamine 
and was used in solution. 
The second active substance was incorporated into rape oil and was used in 
form of an emulsion. The spraying was carried out according to the 
pre-sowing method. The utilized dose was in case of the first active 
substance 67 kg and in case of the second 30 kg/hectare. The compositions 
were worked into the soil, thereafter maize was planted. In the period 
between planting and harvesting the amount of the precipitation was 276 
mm. The yield based on the untreated control and expressed in percent were 
the following: 
______________________________________ 
first active substance 130.8% 
second active substance 128.1% 
______________________________________ 
The yield surplus proved significant on an 1% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 49 
Small parcel experiments were made on a loamy sandy soil with the following 
active substances: 
1,1-dipropyl-2-nonenyl-2-imidazolinium-nitrate and 
1-oxypropyl-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazolinium-formiate. 
The tests were made in fourfold repetition. The active substances are water 
soluble and were used in 5% solution. The dose was 100 liters/hectare of 
the solution. The solutions were worked into the soil and potato was 
planted. In the period between sowing and harvesting the amount of 
precipitation was 412 mm. 
The yield surplus based on the untreated control and expressed in percent 
were the following: 
first active substance (325 metric centner/ha.=115.6%) 
second active substance (341 metric centner/ha.=121.3%) 
untreated control (281 metric centner/ha.=100%). 
The yield surplus proved significant on an 5% probability level. 
EXAMPLE 50 
Large scale test were carried out on a soil of tschernozyom-type which was 
subjected to strong erosion. The size of the treated soil was 50 hectares 
and from this area 10 hectares was treated according to the invention and 
40 hectares of the area was left untreated. The plant used was sugar beet 
and the active substance was mixed with 10% ethanolamine, and the solution 
of the active substance was sprayed on milled perlite and milled further 
in a ball mill. The active substance was in the case 
1-ethyl-2-undecenyl-2-imidazoline. The weight ratio of active substance 
and perlite was 1:5. Thereafter 61 kg/hectare was spread on the surface 
and alfalfa was planted. The alfalfa was cut down 3 times in the first 
year and 4 times in the second year. At the beginning of the second year 
the treatment was made post-emergence similar to the first treatment. 
The obtained yields expressed in dry matter content based on the untreated 
control were the following: 
______________________________________ 
first year 
first cut down 118.7 
second 123.9 
third 125.9 
mean 124.1 
second year 
first cut down 130.8 
second 131.1 
third 129.8 
four 127.6 
mean 129.1 
______________________________________ 
Yield surplus of two years in the average 127.8. 
EXAMPLE 52 
Small parcel experiments were made in sixfold repetition on a brown forest 
soil with flax. The used active substance was 
1-aminopropyl-1-ethyl-2-trieicosenil-2-imidazolinium chloride. The active 
substance was brought into colloidal solution with a fivefold amount of 
water, thereafter it was mixed with silica gel which was used in a 
fivefold amount of the active substance. The obtained humid mass was dried 
and milled to a fine grain size. The composition was used in a dose 
corresponding to 80 kg/hectare and was worked into the soil. In the period 
between treatment and pulling the precipitation amounted to 412 mm. The 
surplus yield in flax based on the untreated control was 118.7% and this 
result proved significant on an 5% probability level.