Wet-slippage of textile material and wet lubricant therefor

Aqueous dispersions (D) of a wax (W) dispersed in the aqueous phase by means of a dispersant (B), wherein in (D) the wax (W) is PA1 (A) an oxidized hydrocarbon wax or a mixture of oxidized hydrocarbon waxes PA1 or a mixture or (A) and at least one non-oxidized hydrocarbon wax (P), the acid number of which is.gtoreq.5, and the dispersant (B) is PA1 a non-ionogenic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture of two or more of these surfactants, which displays an HLB.gtoreq.7, and the dispersion (D) optionally contains at least one protective colloid (C), at least one agent (E) for pH-adjustment, at least one antifreeze agent (F) and/or at least one preserving agent (D), but is substantially free of other waxes than (A) and (P) and of other surfactants than (B) and (C), are eminently suitable as wet lubricants that are very stable to temperature modifications and to high electrolyte concentrations, especially as occurring in pretreatment and in dyeing of cellulosic substrates.

In the treatment of textile fabrics in rope form, mainly pretreatment, 
dyeing, optical brightening or aftertreatment, in aqueous liquor under 
such conditions that in the textile substrate there may be formed creases 
or there may take place friction of substrate to neighbouring substrate or 
to parts of the machine, crease marks and chafe marks are undesired 
appearances, which as corresponding unlevelnesses then impair the aspect 
and possibly even the physical properties of the treated goods and hence 
of the ready-made goods. In order to counter these disturbing appearances, 
in the respective treatment stages there are used wet lubricants which 
diminish the tendency to formation and to stabilization of creases and 
consequently the marking of creases, in particular conveyance creases, and 
diminish the attrition substrate/substrate and substrate/metal and 
consequently the tendency to the formation and marking of chafes. A 
disturbing appearance in the use of wet lubricants is, however, their 
sensitivity to high electrolyte-contents of the liquors or/and to more or 
less pronounced temperature-variations or also, in particular, to high 
shearing-forces as may occur in some treatment assemblies (in particular 
in jet-dyeing machines). 
It has now been found that certain aqueous wax oxidate dispersions, as 
defined below as (D), comply surprisingly well with the above requirements 
and are eminently suitable as wet lubricants, i.e. as lubricants that are 
efficient in aqueous medium, in particular on a wet substrate. 
The invention relates to the process for increasing the wet slippage in the 
treatment of textile fabrics especially in rope form (in particular 
pretreatment, dyeing, optical brightening and/or aftertreatment) in 
aqueous liquor and to the respective wet lubricants suitable therefor. 
The invention thus provides a process for the treatment of textile fabrics 
with a textile treatment agent (T) in aqueous liquor under such conditions 
as would otherwise favour the formation of crease marks or the occurrence 
of chafe marks in the textile substrate, wherein in addition to the 
textile treatment agent (T) there is employed a wet lubricant, which is an 
aqueous dispersion (D) of a wax (W) dispersed in the aqueous phase by 
means of a dispersant (B), wherein in (D) 
the wax (W) is 
(A) an oxidized hydrocarbon wax or a mixture of oxidized hydrocarbon waxes 
or a mixture of (A) and at least one non-oxidized hydrocarbon wax (P), the 
acid number of which is.gtoreq.5, 
and the dispersant (B) is 
a non-ionogenic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture of 
two or more of these surfactants, which displays an HLB.gtoreq.7, 
and the dispersion (D) optionally contains at least one protective colloid 
(C) but is substantially free of waxes other than (A) and (P) and of 
surfactants other than (B) and (C). 
As waxes (A) there may be employed in general known waxes. The oxidized 
hydrocarbon waxes (A) are, in general, carboxy-group-containing oxidized 
and optionally partially saponified hydrocarbon waxes and comprise in 
general any synthetic and/or mineral waxes that in the oxidized form still 
display a wax structure, in particular oxidized microwaxes or oxidized 
polyolefin waxes (principally polyethylene waxes) or further waxes that 
are optionally synthetized directly in oxidized form, especially 
Fisher-Tropsch waxes, and also their wax-oxidates; the mentioned oxidized 
waxes, in particular the oxidized polyolefin waxes and the Fischer-Tropsch 
waxes, may optionally be partially saponified. Among the mentioned waxes 
the oxidized and optionally partially saponified microwaxes, 
Fischer-Tropsch waxes and polyethylene waxes are preferred. These waxes 
are in general known and may be characterized by conventional parameters 
such as needle penetration (e.g. according to ASTM D-1321 or D-5), 
solidification point, dripping point, density, acid number and/or 
optionally also saponification number. Among the mentioned waxes (A) are 
preferred those with a needle penetration .gtoreq.20 dmm, preferably in 
the range of from 0.1. to 15 dmm, and with an acid number in the range of 
from 5 to 70, advantageously 8 to 45, in particular 8 to 40. The density 
of the waxes (A) is advantageously in the range of 0.90 to 1.02, 
preferably 0.91 to 0.99, especially 0.92 to 0.97. Among the mentioned 
waxes are particularly preferred the oxidized polyethylene waxes, mainly 
oxidized low-pressure polyethylenes, before all those with a needle 
penetration in the range of 1 to 9 dmm. 
In the dispersions (D) the waxes (A) may optionally be blended with 
non-oxidized hydrocarbon waxes (P). 
As (P) come into consideration principally paraffin waxes with dripping 
point.gtoreq.40.degree. C. advantageously in the range of from 40.degree. 
to 110.degree. C., preferably 50.degree. to 105.degree. C. mainly plate 
paraffin The quantity of (P) amounts advantageously to up to 100% of (A), 
preferably not above 50%, in particular not above 10% of (A). 
Although (P) may be present, it is however preferred that (A) not be 
blended with (P) [i.e. that the total wax (W) consist essentially only of 
(A)]. Especially if the dispersions (D) are employed as wet lubricants in 
jet-dyeing machines it is preferred that all of the wax (W) consist 
essentially only of (A). 
The acid number of (W) is advantageously.gtoreq.7, preferably.gtoreq.8. 
Principally the acid number of (W) is in the range of 5 to 70, 
advantageously 7 to 42, preferably 8 to 35. If, according to the above 
preference, (W) contains no (P) the acid number of (W) corresponds 
obviously to the one of (A). 
As surfactants (B) come principally into consideration the following: 
(B.sub.1) a non-ionogenic surfactant or a mixture of non-ionogenic 
surfactants with HLB.gtoreq.7, 
(B.sub.2) an anionic surfactant which is a carboxylic or sulphonic acid or 
a sulphuric or phosphoric acid partial ester or a salt thereof, or a 
mixture of such anionic surfactants, with HLB.gtoreq.7, 
(B.sub.3) a cationic surfactant which is an amino compound or a salt 
thereof or a quaternary ammonium compound or a mixture of such cationic 
surfactants, with HLB.gtoreq.7, 
or 
(B.sub.4) an amphoteric surfactant which is an amino- or 
ammonium-group-containing carboxylic or sulphonic acid or an amino- or 
ammonium-group-containing sulphuric or phosphoric acid partial ester, or a 
salt thereof, or a mixture of such amphoteric surfactants, with 
HLB.gtoreq.7, 
or a mixture of two or more of the surfactants (B.sub.1) to (B4), in 
particular a mixture of at least one surfactant (B.sub.1) with at least 
one surfactant (B.sub.2), (B.sub.3) or (B.sub.4). 
As surfactants (B.sub.1) come, in general, into consideration known 
compounds, essentially those with emulsifier, respectively dispersant 
character. Emulsifiers resp. dispersants of non-ionogenic character are 
known in great number in the art and are also described in the specialized 
literature, e.g. in M. J. SCHICK "Non-ionic Surfactants" (vol. 1 of 
"Surfactant Science Series", Marcel DEKKER Inc., New York, 1967). Suitable 
non-ionogenic dispersants (B.sub.1) are principally oxyalkylation products 
of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid mono- or dialkanolamides (in 
which "alkanol" represents in particular "ethanol" or "isopropanol") or 
fatty acid partial esters of tri- to hexafunctional aliphatic polyols, or 
further interoxy-alkylation products of fatty acid esters (e.g. of natural 
triglycerides), in which as oxyalkylation agents come into consideration 
C.sub.2-4 -alkylene-oxides and optionally styreneoxide and preferably at 
least 50% of the introduced oxyalkylene units are oxyethylene units; 
advantageously at least 80% of the introduced oxyalkylene units are 
oxyethylene units; with particular preference all of the introduced 
oxyalkylene units are oxyethylene units. The starting products for the 
addition of the oxyalkylene units (fatty acids, fatty acid mono- or 
dialkanolamides, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters or fatty acid polyol 
partial esters) may be any known products as conventionally employed for 
the production of these surfactants, principally those with 9 to 24, 
preferably 11 to 22, more preferably 16 to 22 carbon atoms in the fatty 
radical. The fatty radicals may be unsaturated or preferably saturated, 
branched or preferably linear; there may be mentioned the following fatty 
acids: lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic 
acid, arachic acid and behenic acid, as well as technical grade fatty 
acids, e.g. tallow fatty acid, coconut fatty acid, technical grade oleic 
acid, talloil fatty acid and technical grade soya oil acid and their 
hydrogenation and/or distillation products; as fatty acid mono- or 
dialkanolamides there may e.g. be mentioned the mono- or di-ethanol- or 
-isopropanolamides of the mentioned acids; as fatty alcohols there may be 
mentioned the derivatives of the respective mentioned fatty acids, as well 
as synthetic alcohols (e.g. tetramethylnonanol). As partial esters of the 
mentioned polyols there may e.g. be mentioned the mono- or difatty acid 
esters of glycerine, erythritol, sorbitol or sorbitan, in particular the 
sorbitan mono- or dioleates or -stearates. Among the mentioned products 
are preferred the oxyalkylated fatty alcohols, before all the 
oxyethylation products of saturated linear fatty alcohols, in particular 
those of the average formula 
EQU R--O.paren open-st.CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O.paren close-st..sub.n H (I), 
wherein R signifies an aliphatic, saturated, linear hydrocarbon radical 
with 11 to 22 carbon atoms 
and n signifies 5 to 16, or mixtures thereof. 
The HLB value of the surfactants (B.sub.1) is advantageously in the range 
of 8 to 15, preferably in the range of 10 to 14. Among the compounds of 
formula (I) are preferred in particular those in which R contains 13 to 22 
carbon atoms, before all 16 to 22 carbon atoms. 
As anionic surfactants (B.sub.2) come in general into consideration known 
acids of surface active character, as per se conventionally employed as 
dispersants, e.g. as emulsifiers or as detergents. These surface active 
anionic compounds are known in the art and are described in great number 
in the specialized literature, e.g. in "Surfactant Science Series", vol. 7 
("Anionic Surfactants"). In particular come into consideration anionic 
surfactants containing a lipophilic radical (in particular the radical of 
a fatty acid or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of a fatty alcohol) that 
contains 8 to 24 carbon atoms, advantageously 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in 
particular 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and may be aliphatic or araliphatic and 
where the aliphatic radicals may be linear or branched, saturated or 
unsaturated. Preferably the lipophilic radicals are solely aliphatic, in 
particular so as described above for the non-ionogenic surfactants. The 
carboxylic or sulphonic acid group may by linked directly to the 
hydrocarbon radical (in particular as fatty acid, e.g. in the form of 
soaps or as alkane sulphonic acid) or also over a bridge that may 
optionally be interrupted by at least one heteroatom and which is 
preferably aliphatic. The introduction of a carboxylic acid group may e.g. 
take place by carboxyalkylation of hydroxy-groups or monoesterification of 
a hydroxygroup with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, e.g. in such a molecule 
as described above as starting material for the oxyalkylation to non-ionic 
surfactants or also of oxyalkylation products thereof, in which for 
oxyalkylation there may be employed oxiranes, principally ethyleneoxide, 
propyleneoxide or/and butyleneoxide and optionally styreneoxide, and 
preferably at least 50 mol-% of the introduced oxiranes are ethyleneoxide; 
these are e.g. addition products of 1 to 12 mols of oxirane to 1 mole of 
hydroxycompound, especially as mentioned above as starting product for the 
oxyalkylation. For carboxyalkylation there are employed principally 
halogenalkane-carboxylic acids, advantageously those in which the 
halogenalkyl radical contains 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2, carbon atoms, 
halogen signifies preferably chlorine or bromine and the acid group may 
optionally be in salt form. A carboxygroup may e.g. also be introduced by 
monoesterification of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, e.g. by reaction of 
a hydroxycompound with a cylic anhydride, e.g. with phthalic acid 
anhydride or an aliphatic anhydride with 2 or 3 carbon atoms between the 
two carboxy groups, e.g. succinic acid anhydride, maleic acid anhydride or 
glutaric acid anhydride. Analogously phosphoric or sulphuric acid partial 
ester groups may be introduced by esterification. As sulphonic acids come 
essentially into consideration sulphonation products of paraffins (e.g. 
produced by sulphochlorination or sulphoxidation) of .alpha.-olefins and 
of unsaturated fatty acids. The anionic surfactants are advantageously 
employed in the form of salts; for salt-formation come preferably into 
consideration hydrophilizing cations, in particular alkali metal cations 
(lithium, sodium, potassium) or ammonium cations [e.g. unsubstituted 
ammonium, mono-, di- or tri-(C.sub.1-2 -alkyl)-ammonium or mono-, di- or 
tri- --(C.sub.2-3 --hydroxyalkyl)--ammonium or morpholinium] or also 
alkaline earth metal cations (e.g. calcium or magnesium). Among the 
mentioned anionic surfactants (B.sub.2) are preferred those that are free 
of ester groups, mainly soaps, in particular amine soaps, as well as 
carboxymethylation products of oxyalkylated fatty alcohols and the 
sulphonic acids, preferably in salt form as mentioned above, especially as 
alkali metal salts. As cationic surfactants (B.sub.3) there may be 
employed any compounds known per se, principally fatty amines, fatty 
aminoalkylamines and amidation products of alkylenediamines or 
polyalkylenepolyamines with a fatty acid radical, or further acylation 
products of alkanolamines of alkanolaminoalkylamines and their 
oxyalkylation products or/and quaternization products. The fatty radicals 
in (B.sub.3) are e.g. such as described above for (B.sub.1). The alkylene 
bridges between two nitrogen atoms in the alkylenediamines, 
polyalkylenepolyamines and alkanolaminoalkylamines contain advantageously 
2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms; the alkanolgroups in the 
alkanolamines and alkanolaminoalkylamines contain advantageously 2 or 3 
carbon atoms. Preferred alkylenediamines, polyalkalenepolyamines, 
alkanolamines and alkanolaminoalkylamines are ethylenediamine, 
propylenediamine, N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine, hexamethylenediamine, 
diethylenetriamine, ethylene-propylene-triamine, dipropylenetriamine, 
monoethanolamine and 3-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl-amino)-propylamine. For 
oxyalkylation there is advantageously added ethyleneoxide, e.g. 2 to 20 
moles of ethyleneoxide per mole of amino compound, resp. per mole of fatty 
radical. For quaternization the quaternizable aminogroups are at least in 
part reacted with corresponding quaternizing agents, in particular as 
suitable for the introduction of C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or benzyl, preferably 
methyl or ethyl; the respective counterion is most simply such as is 
introduced by the quaternization reaction, e.g. methosulphate, 
ethosulphate or a halide ion, e.g. chloride or bromide. The 
non-quaternized surfactants (B.sub.3) may, depending on the pH, be in the 
free base form or in the form of salts, e.g. as salts of low molecular 
aliphatic carboxylic acids (preferably with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. 
formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid or 
citric acid) or strong mineral acids (preferably hydrochloric acid, 
sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid). Among the mentioned products are 
particularly preferred oxyethylated and optionally quaternized fatty 
amines, fatty aminopropylamines and fatty 
acid-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamides. 
As amphoteric surfactants (B.sub.4) come likewise into consideration known 
compounds, principally such as are obtainable by introduction of at least 
one anionic group into a surfactant of the kind of (B.sub.3) containing a 
reactive hydroxy- or aminogroup [e.g. by carboxyalkylation of aminogroups, 
by esterification of hydroxygroups, by introduction of sulphato- or 
phospato-groups, by monoacylation of amino- of hydroxygroups with cyclic 
dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, analogously as described above for 
(B.sub.2), by sulphomethylation of aminogroups, e.g. by reaction with 
formaldehyde and sodium bisulphite or by reaction of an aminogroup with 
the addition product of sodium bisulphite and epichlorohydrin] or also 
amphoteric compounds of the betaine type. 
Preferably the surfactants (B) are free of easily saponifiable groups, in 
particular of ester groups. 
Among the surfactants (B.sub.1), (B.sub.2), (B.sub.3) and (B.sub. 4) are 
preferred the surfactants (B.sub.2) and, before all, (B.sub.1). 
According to a particularly preferred feature of the invention (B) consists 
exclusively of (B.sub.1). 
The weight ratio of (B) to (W) [i.e. to (A) and, if present, (P)] is 
expediently chosen at such values that an aqueous: dispersion of (W) may 
be formed and is advantageously in the range of 10 to 50, preferably 12 to 
40, in particular 15 to 35, parts by weight of (B) for every 100 parts by 
weight of (W). 
According to a particular feature of the invention a protective colloid (C) 
is employed in addition to (B). As protective colloids come into 
consideration any conventional products known under this characteristic, 
preferably non-ionogenic compounds, in particular polysaccharides that 
have been chemically modified in order to increase their hydrophilicity 
[e.g. hydroxy-(C.sub.1-4 -alkyl)- and/or carboxymethyl- and optionally 
methyl-modified polysaccharides] or hydrophilic vinyl polymers (e.g. 
polyvinlyalcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone) or further oxyethylation 
products of higher aliphatic alcohols. The HLB of the protective colloids, 
in particular of the non-ionogenic ones, is advantageously&gt;15, 
preferably.gtoreq.16.5, especially in the range of 16.5 to 19. 
Preferred protective colloids (C) are oxyethylation products of aliphatic 
fatty alcohols or synthetic alcohols, e.g. of those described above as 
starting products for the production of (B.sub.1). Particularly preferred 
protective colloids correspond to the average formula 
EQU R.sub.1 --O.paren open-st.CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O.paren close-st..sub.m H 
(II), 
in which R.sub.1 signifies an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 11 to 18 
carbon atoms 
and m signifies 24 to 100, and may be single compounds or also mixtures of 
such compounds. 
Preferably m in formula (II) signifies 30 to 60, more preferably 35 to 50. 
If there is employed a protective colloid (C) there are employed e.g. 2.5 
to 30, advantageously 5 to 30, preferably 7.5 to 25, parts by weight of 
protective colloid (C) for every 100 parts by weight of (W). Since in 
aqueous medium protective colloids of the above described kind of formula 
(II) may tend relatively strongly to foaming, depending on the degree of 
oxyethylation, it is preferred to employ quantities as small as possible 
thereof, in particular less than 18 parts by weight thereof (e.g. 2.5 to 
15 parts by weight thereof) for every 100 parts by weight of (W). The use 
of (C) is preferred before all in the case that as (B) there is employed 
(B.sub.1). 
The dispersions to be employed according to the invention may be produced 
in a very simple way, e.g. by mixing of the molten waxes (W) with (B) and 
diluting with water (e.g. by stirring-in), any further components may be 
added before or also after the dilution with water. There may be obtained 
very fine, stable (W)- and (B)-containing dispersions, while by addition 
of (C) the stability of (D) towards electrolytes may be further favourably 
influenced. 
The aqueous dispersions (D) to be employed according to the invention are 
suitably formulated to such a solids content that they are stirrable and 
pourable and may be of thick to thin consistency. The content of (W) [i.e. 
of (A) and, if present, (P)] in (D) may vary in a corresponding suitable 
range and is advantageously in the range of 3 to 35, preferably 5 to 25% 
by weight of (W) referred to the weight of (D). The pH of the aqueous 
dispersions (D) may range from distinctly acidic to distinctly basic 
values, principally in the pH range of 4 to 12, and is advantageously 
chosen in correspondence to the surfactant system (B). For (B.sub.1) the 
pH is advantageously in the range of from pH 6.5 to pH 11, preferably in 
the range from pH 7.5 to pH 10.5; for (B.sub.2) the pH is advantageously 
in the range from pH 7.5 to pH 12, preferably in the range from pH 8 to pH 
11; for (B.sub.3) the pH is advantageously in the range from pH 3 to pH 
7.5, preferably in the range from pH 3.5 to pH 6.5. For the adjustment of 
the pH-value there may be employed suitable additives (E), in particular 
bases (E.sub.1) or acids (E.sub.2). As bases (E.sub.1) there are 
expediently employed water-soluble alkalis (e.g. alkali metal hydroxides), 
ammonia or low-molecular aliphatic optionally cyclic amines [e.g. mono-, 
di- or tri-(C.sub.2-3 -hydroxyalkyl)-amine or morpholine], which, when 
using (B.sub.2), may also serve for salt-formation of the corresponding 
free acids (B.sub.2). As acids (E.sub.2) there may e.g. be employed those 
mentioned above for the protonation of non-quaternary surfactants 
(B.sub.3). 
Optionally the dispersions (D) to be employed according to the invention 
may further contain at least one antifreeze additive (F). 
As antifreeze additives (F) there may be employed known products, in 
particular non-ionogenic, mainly low-molecular amides (e.g. acetamide or 
urea) and aliphatic oligohydroxycompounds [e.g. with 2 to 12, preferably 3 
to 10, in particular 4 to 8, carbon atoms, e.g. glycerine or/and mono- or 
oligo-(C.sub.2-4 -alkylene)-glycols] or also their mono-(C.sub.1-4 
-alkyl)-ethers. 
If (F) is employed its amount in (D) may vary in a broad scope. The weight 
ratio of (F) to (D) is advantageously in the range of 0.5 to 15 parts by 
weight of (F) for every 100 parts by weight of (D), preferably in the 
range of 1 to 10 parts by weight of (F) for every 100 parts by weight of 
(D). 
Optionally the dispersions (D) to be employed according to the invention 
may further contain at least one preserving agent (G), which is suitably a 
biocide. 
As (G) come into consideration before all fungicides and bactericides, e.g. 
commercially available products that may be used in the respective 
recommended concentrations. 
The dispersions (D) that may be produced as described above are of very 
fine particle-size; there may e.g. be produced dispersions (D) in which 
the size of the dispersed particles is in the range of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m, 
preferably 0.05 to 1 .mu.m. The dispersions (D) may be directly handled 
and shipped so as they have been produced; there may, in particular, be 
produced very fine dispersions (D) of very high storage-stability and also 
such as are very stable to frost and heat. 
The dispersions (D) to be employed according to the invention are 
advantageously substantially free of any other components than (A), (P), 
(B), (C), (E), (F), (G) and water, in particular free of silicone 
compounds. 
The dispersions (D) described above find their use as wet lubricants, i.e. 
as assistants in the treatment with (T) (e.g. pretreatment, dyeing, 
optical brightening or aftertreatment) of textile fabrics under such 
conditions as would otherwise lead to crease marks or chafe marks on the 
substrate, but wherein the dispersions (D) to be employed according to the 
invention serve for avoiding the stabilization and marking of the folds 
occurring during the treatment and for avoiding damaging friction. These 
processes are essentially exhaustion processes from short liquors (weight 
ratio liquor/substrate e.g. in the range of from 3:1 to 40:1, mostly 4:1 
to 20:1) under treatment conditions and durations conventional per se 
(e.g. in the range of from 20 minutes to 3 hours). The dispersions (D) may 
be washed out from the non-dried substrate (e.g. by rinsing or by soaping 
and optionally rinsing) and are washed out at the end of the process. 
The treatment agents (T) are in general textile chemicals that after the 
respective treatment of the substrate are eliminated again from the 
substrate, e.g. by washing or/and rinsing, for that part that is not fixed 
on the substrate. 
As (T) come into consideration the following subgroups: 
(T.sub.1) pretreatment agents (mainly wetting agents, alkalis, detergents, 
bleaching agents), 
(T.sub.2) main treatment agents (mainly wetting agents, dyestuffs, dyeing 
assistants, optical brighteners), 
(T.sub.3) aftertreatment agents (mainly fixing agents for dyeings, 
detergents, stripping agents, alkalis), 
in which the respective treatments are carried out in aqueous medium. 
As processes which otherwise would lead to crease marks in the textile 
substrate, there are intended essentially those in which the wet 
substrate, due to the action and optionally interference of various 
forces, tends to fold. The folds that are formed in these processes may as 
such, by stabilization during the treatment-process, lead to a marking of 
the folds or creases, which may lead to the disadvantages mentioned at the 
beginning. In these processes the dispersions (D), i.e. the wet 
lubricants, serve as anti-crease agents, insofar as they favour or render 
possible a slippage of the wet fabric respectively of the wet folds and 
consequently may hinder a damaging stabilization of the folds formed 
during the conveyance of the substrate. As treatment-processes causing 
creases (conveyance-folds) come mainly into consideration treatments on a 
winch (in particular in a winch-beck) or, before all, in jet-dyeing 
machines, in which the fabric is conveyed in each cycle over the winch, 
respectively through the jet, in which place the folding and/or the forces 
acting on the folds and which may lead to a stabilization of the folds (to 
form creases and then crease marks) are the strongest. 
As processes in which friction occurs in or at the textile substrate, there 
are meant essentially those in which the wet substrate, due to the high 
speed of conveyance, conveyance through jets and/or modification of the 
conveyance direction and/or speed, is subject to friction against parts of 
the machine or against neighbouring substrate. The chafes occurring in 
these processes may, in the course of the treatment-process, lead to a 
marking of the same and to an impairing of the physical properties of the 
substrate (deterioration due to chafe marks). In these processes the 
dispersions (D) act as wet lubricants insofar as they favour, or render 
possible, a slippage of the wet fabric (especially on neighbouring fabric 
or on metal) and may thus hinder a damaging friction of the substrate. As 
treatment-processes causing chafes resp. chafe marks come mainly into 
consideration treatments in jet-dyeing machines, in which the substrate in 
each cycle is conveyed through the jet, at which place the relative 
acceleration and/or the forces acting on the substrate are the strongest, 
and in which the substrate in each cycle is tucked from the own layer in 
the liquor towards the jet, so that at the respective portions of the 
fabric the substrate/substrate acceleration or substrate/metal 
acceleration may in places of the substrate cause friction, which then may 
lead to the above-mentioned chafes and chafe marks. 
As substrates that are suitable for the process of the invention and for 
the wet lubricants of the invention are suitable in general any substrates 
as may be employed in the mentioned processes, in particular those 
containing optionally modified cellulosic fibres, e.g. cotton, linen, 
jute, hemp, ramier and modified cotton (e.g. viscose rayon or cellulose 
acetates), as well as cotton-containing fibre blends, e.g. 
cotton/polyester, cotton/polyacrylics, cotton/polyamide or 
cotton/polyamide/polyurethane). The textile substrate may be employed in 
any form as can be treated in the mentioned processes, e.g. as tubular 
goods, as open-width fabrics or as half-ready-made goods, substantially in 
rope-form as is suitable for the winch or for the jet; there may be 
employed as well knittings as also weavings (e.g. fine to coarse single 
jersey or also interlock, fine to coarse weavings, terry cloth, velvet, 
open-work textiles and/or mechanically embroidered textiles). 
The wet lubricants (D) of the invention are expediently employed in such 
concentrations as to lead to an efficient hindrance of crease-marking and 
chafe-formation in the respective processes. They are distinguished by 
their efficiency and yield and may display a high efficiency even at very 
low concentrations; advantageously they are employed in such 
concentrations that correspond to 0.01 to 2 g of (W) per liter of liquor, 
advantageously 0.02 to 1.5 g of (W) per liter of liquor, preferably 0.03 
to 1 g of (W) per liter of liquor, most preferably 0.04 to 0.5 g or (W) 
per liter of liquor. 
Since the wet lubricants (D) of the invention are distinguished by their 
high independence on temperature variations and are highly stable to 
electrolytes, they may also be employed in a broad choice of treatment 
conditions as occurring in the art for the treatment with textile 
chemicals (T), in particular for pretreatment with (T.sub.1), for dyeing 
or optical brightening with (T.sub.2) and for aftertreatment with 
(T.sub.3), e.g. with (T.sub.1) in boiling-off (e.g. kier-boiling), in 
desizing or in bleaching, with (T.sub.2) in dyeing or optical brightening, 
or also with (T.sub.3) in aftertreatment, in particular with cationic 
fixing agents for improving the fastnesses of dyeings (in particular the 
wet-fastness), before all however in dyeing. For the dyeing or optical 
brightening there may be employed any dyestuffs or optical brighteners 
(T.sub.2) as suitable for the respective substrate and process and for the 
desired effect. For the dyeing of cellulose-containing substrates there 
may be employed any corresponding dyes, e.g. reactive dyes, direct dyes, 
vat dyes, sulphur dyes or even basic dyes, while for the dyeing of 
substrates consisting of fibre blends, in particular of cellulosic fibres 
and synthetic fibres, there may also be employed corresponding additional 
dyestuffs, in particular disperse dyes. The processes may traverse any 
desired temperature ranges as are conventionally employed for the 
respective substrate and the employed treatment-agent and as are used 
depending on the employed machine and the desired purpose, e.g. from room 
temperature (e.g. at the beginning of the dyeing) up to HT-conditions 
(e.g. in the range of from 102.degree. to 140.degree. C., in closed 
apparatus). Also the content in electrolytes of the liquors may vary as 
desired and as is else conventionally employed for the respective process, 
e.g. as corresponding to the concentrations of alkali metal compounds 
employed for boiling-off, for bleaching or for de-sizing, or to the alkali 
metal salt (e.g. sodium chloride or sodium sulphate) concentrations and/or 
alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate concentrations as are employed in 
dyeing with the mentioned dyes, be it as blending component in commercial 
dye compositions and/or as take-up assistant in dyeing or optical 
brightening, or further as alkalis that are employed in dyeing with 
sulphur dyes, vat dyes or reactive dyes. 
As aftertreatment agents (T.sub.3) for increasing the fastnesses of dyeings 
come in general into consideration known polycationic products of high 
charge density, principally aliphatic condensations products of 
dicyanodiamide or epichlorohydrin with an aliphatic mono- or polyamine or 
of epichlorohydrin and ammonia, which are optionally in protonated form. 
For these after-treatments there are advantageously employed dispersions 
(D) in which (B) consists essentially of (B.sub.3) and/or (B.sub.1), 
whereas for protreatment, dyeing and optical brightening the dispersant 
system (B) in (D) preferably consists essentially of (B.sub.1) and/or 
(B.sub.2). With particular preference (B) consists only of (B.sub.1). 
With particular advantage the dispersions (D) are employed as wet 
lubricants in dyeing, preferably in jet-dyeing machines, most preferably 
for the dyeing of cellulose-containing substrates. 
Due to their high stability to temperature variations and to high 
electrolyte concentrations, the wet lubricants (D) of the invention may be 
employed under the mentioned conditions and exhibit optimum performance, 
without their activity being impaired. Due go the high stability to 
shearing forces of the wet lubricants (D), in particular of those that do 
not contain any non-oxidized wax (P) but consist essentially only of (A), 
(B) and optionally (C), (g), (F) and/or (G) in aqueous dispersions, these 
are also especially suitable as wet lubricants in jet-dyeing machines, 
before all in those in which the goods resp. the liquor are subjected to 
extremely high dynamic stress, respectively in which very high shearing 
forces become active in the liquor. 
By the use of the wet lubricants (D) of the invention there may e.g. be 
obtained optimum pretreated, optically brightened, dyed and/or 
aftertreated materials, in which the effect of the respective treatment 
agent (T) [pretreatment agent (T.sub.1), dyestuff of optical brightener 
(T.sub.2) or aftertreatment agent (T.sub.3)] is not impaired and the 
aspect of the goods is optimum. 
The efficiency of the compositions (D) may be assessed by measurement of 
the friction coefficients, e.g. as follows: a first piece of fabric is 
tensioned adhearing to the bottom of a shallow flat trough, fixed by 
clamping at one end and covered with such a quantity of liquor as 
corresponds to the liquor-to-goods ratios conventional in practice; a 200 
g weight with even, flat, rectangular bottom, on which a second piece of 
the same fabric is tensioned and fixed, is laid horizontally on it. Now 
the laid-on weight which is spanned with the second piece of fabric 
(="sled") is pulled in the direction of the length of the trough and of 
the first tensioned piece of fabric (="slide") until it sets in motion and 
until it reaches a constant speed, and there is assessed the tractive 
force that is afforded in order to set the "sled" horizontally in motion 
on the "slide", starting from the clamped end, and to move horizontally in 
the tractive direction at constant speed. By this there may be determined 
the static friction as well as the kinetic friction and consequently the 
coefficient of static friction as well as the coefficient of kinetic 
friction. 
If by N.sub.0 there is indicated the normal force (i.e. the weight of the 
"sled" on the "slide"), by Z.sub.S the horizontal tractive force that is 
necessary in order to set the "sled" in motion on the "slide" and by 
Z.sub.K the horizontal force that is necessary for maintaining in motion 
the "sled" on the "slide" at constant speed, the coefficient of static 
friction .mu..sub.S may be expressed by means of the following formula 
##EQU1## 
and the coefficient of kinetic friction .mu..sub.K may be expressed by the 
following formula 
##EQU2## 
By the use of (D) it is possible to bring not only .mu..sub.K but also 
.mu..sub.S to very low values. 
In the following Examples parts and percentages are by weight; the 
temperatures are indicated in degrees Celsius. In the Application Examples 
the dyes are employed in commercial form with an active substance content 
of about 25%, the indicated concentrations refer to this form. C.I. 
signifies Colour Index. The sodium sulphate is employed as Glauber's salt 
and the indicated quantities thereof refer to Glauber's salt. 
There are employed the following waxes, dispersants and protective 
colloids: 
______________________________________ 
Needle 
penetration Drip- 
(ASTM D-1321 
ping Acid Den- 
Wax Kind or D-5) point number sity 
______________________________________ 
(A.sub.1) 
Polyethylene, 
5 dmm 103.degree. C. 
25 0.96 
oxidized 
(A.sub.2) 
Polyethylene, 
2 dmm 106.degree. C. 
15 0.94 
oxidized 
(A.sub.3) 
Polyethylene, 
4 dmm 104.degree. C. 
16 0.94 
oxidized 
(A.sub.4) 
Polyethylene, 
7 dmm 100.degree. C. 
16 0.92 
oxidized 
(A.sub.5) 
Microwax, 2 dmm 98.degree. C. 
13 -- 
oxidized 
______________________________________ 
Dispersants 
(B.sub.11) Stearylalcohol-poly(10)-ethyleneglycolether 
(B.sub.12) Hexadecanol-poly(10)-ethyleneglycolether 
(B.sub.13) Stearylalcohol-poly(8)-ethyleneglycolether 
(B.sub.21) Oleic acid 
(B.sub.22) Sodium oleyl/cetyl-alcohol-poly(12)-ethyleneglycolacetate 
(B.sub.31) Tallow fatty aminopropylamine of the formula R'--NH--CH.sub.2 
--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2 in which 
R'=0.1% C.sub.12 H.sub.25 
0.9% C.sub.14 H.sub.29 
28.0% C.sub.16 H.sub.33 
28.0% C.sub.18 H.sub.37 
43.0% C.sub.18 H.sub.35. 
Protective colloid 
(C.sub.1) Stearylalcohol-poly(40)-ethyleneglycolether. 
For the production of the following dispersions the mentioned components 
are stirred into the molten wax in the indicated sequence.

EXAMPLE 1 DISPERSION (D.sub.1) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
4.73 parts of dipropyleneglycol 
1.60 parts of dispersant (B.sub.11) 
0.23 parts of potassium hydroxide 
1.03 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
85.41 parts of water 
pH 9. 
EXAMPLE 2 DISPERSION (D.sub.2) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.2) 
4.73 parts of dipropyleneglycol 
1.60 parts of dispersant (B.sub.11) 
0.23 parts of potassium hydroxide 
1.03 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
85.41 parts of water 
pH 10.3. 
EXAMPLE 3 DISPERSION (D.sub.3) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.5) 
4.73 parts of dipropyleneglycol 
1.60 parts of dispersant (B.sub.11) 
0.23 parts of potassium hydroxide 
1.03 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
85.41 parts of water 
pH 10.4. 
EXAMPLE 4 DISPERSION (D.sub.4) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
4.73 parts of dipropyleneglycol 
1.60 parts of dispersant (B.sub.12) 
0.23 parts of potassium hydroxide 
1.03 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
85.41 parts of water 
pH 9. 
EXAMPLE 5 DISPERSION (D.sub.5) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
4.73 parts of dipropyleneglycol 
1.60 parts of dispersant (B.sub.13) 
0.23 parts of potassium hydroxide 
1.03 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
85.41 parts of water 
pH 9. 
EXAMPLE 6 DISPERSION (D.sub.6) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.3) 
1.75 parts of dispersant (B.sub.11) 
0.15 parts of potassium hydroxide 
91.10 parts of water 
pH adjusted with little glacial acetic acid from 10 to 8.5. 
EXAMPLE 7 DISPERSION (D.sub.7) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.4) 
1.33 parts of dispersant (B.sub.11) 
0.11 parts of potassium hydroxide 
91.56 parts of water 
pH 7.9. 
EXAMPLE 8 DISPERSION (D.sub.8) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
1.23 parts of dispersant (B.sub.21) 
1.23 parts of morpholine 
90.54 parts of water 
pH 9.2. 
EXAMPLE 9 DISPERSION (D.sub.9) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
1.40 parts of dispersant (B.sub.31) 
0.60 parts of glacial acetic acid 
0.40 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
90.60 parts of water 
pH 4.2. 
EXAMPLE 10 DISPERSION (D.sub.10) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
1.23 parts dispersant (B.sub.22) 
1.23 parts of morpholine 
90.54 parts of water 
pH 9.4. 
EXAMPLE 11 DISPERSION (D.sub.11) 
7.00 parts of wax (A.sub.1) 
4.78 parts of dipropyleneglycol 
1.62 parts of dispersant (B.sub.22) 
0.24 parts of potassium hydroxide 
1.04 parts of protective colloid (C.sub.1) 
85.32 parts of water 
pH 9.4. 
The friction coefficients .mu..sub.S and .mu..sub.K assessed with the 
Dispersions (D.sub.1) to (D.sub.11) according to the above indicated 
measure method on causticized cotton cretonne in a liquor containing 2 g/l 
of the respective Dispersions (D.sub.1) to (D.sub.11) and 50 g/l of sodium 
sulphate, at a liquor-to-goods ratio=20:1, at 50.degree. C., are as 
follows (reproducibility: .+-.2%) 
______________________________________ 
Dispersion 
.mu..sub.s 
Diminution in % 
.mu..sub.k 
Diminution in % 
______________________________________ 
none 1.37 -- 1.16 -- 
(D.sub.1) 
1.08 21 0.90 22 
(D.sub.2) 
1.10 20 0.97 16 
(D.sub.3) 
1.14 17 1.00 14 
(D.sub.4) 
1.12 18 0.97 16 
(D.sub.5) 
1.06 23 0.91 22 
(D.sub.6) 
1.04 24 0.92 21 
(D.sub.7) 
1.06 23 0.93 20 
(D.sub.8) 
1.14 17 0.97 16 
(D.sub.9) 
1.03 25 0.89 23 
.sub. (D.sub.10) 
1.09 21 0.95 18 
.sub. (D.sub.11) 
1.13 18 0.98 15 
______________________________________ 
Application Example A [Dyeing of pure cotton with reactive dyes--"cold 
dyers"--in the winch-beck] 
100 parts of cotton weaving is introduced into 1600 parts of an aqueous 
liquor heated to 40.degree. C., that contains 120 parts of sodium sulphate 
and 3 parts of Dispersion (D.sub.1). A solution of 3.3 parts of C.I. 
Reactive Red 147 in 100 parts of water is added to the bath and the 
machine is run at 40.degree. C. for 30 minutes. Then there are added 5 
times, at intervals of 5 minutes between each addition, each time 20 parts 
of a 10% soda solution. The temperature is then increased to 60.degree. C. 
and dyeing is continued at this temperature for further 30 minutes. After 
completion as usual (rinsing, washing) there is obtained a very level, red 
dyeing with an excellent aspect of the goods. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) the same amount of each of the 
Dispersions (D.sub.2) to (D.sub.8), (D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11) is employed 
in Application Example A. 
Application Example B [Dyeing of pure cotton with reactive dyes--"hot 
dyers"--in the jet-dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)] 
100 parts of cotton weaving is introduced into 800 parts of an aqueous 
liquor heated to 80.degree. C., that contains 70 parts of sodium sulphate 
and 2 parts of Dispersion (D.sub.1). A solution of 3.1 parts of C.I. 
Reactive Blue 52 in 100 parts of water is given into the bath and the 
liquor is heated to 95.degree. C. After 30 minutes at this temperature, 
there are added 5 times, at intervals of 5 minutes, each time 4 parts of a 
3% NaOH-solution and dyeing is continued for further 40 minutes. After 
completion as usual (rinsing, washing), there is obtained a very level and 
regular blue dyeing. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) there is employed the same amount of 
each of the Dispersions (D.sub.2) to (D.sub.8), (D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11) 
in Application Example B. 
Application Example C [Dyeing of pure cotton with sulphur dyes in the 
jet-dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)] 
100 parts of cotton weaving is introduced into 800 parts of an aqueous 
liquor heated to 40.degree. C. that contains 2 parts of Dispersion 
(D.sub.1), 10 parts of a 30% NaOH-solution, 3 parts of soda and 10 parts 
of glucose. A solution of 15 parts of pre-reduced C.I. Sulphur Black 1 in 
100 parts of water is then added to the bath and the bath is heated to 
95.degree. C. When this temperature is reached, 100 parts of a 25% sodium 
chloride solution is added and dyeing is continued for further 40 minutes. 
Upon cooling to 70.degree. C. the dye bath is drained-off and the goods 
are rinsed 4 times hot and 2 times cold. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) the same amount of each of Dispersions 
(D.sub.2) to (D.sub.8), (D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11) is employed in 
Application Example C. 
Application Example D [Dyeing of pure cotton with direct dyes in the 
winch-beck ] 
100 parts of cotton weaving is introduced into 1600 parts of a liquor 
heated to 40.degree. C. that contains 3 parts of Dispersion (D.sub.1). To 
the bath is then added a solution of 1.2 parts of C.I. Direct Violet 66 in 
100 parts of water and the bath is heated to 95.degree. C. When this 
temperature is reached, 100 parts of a 15% sodium sulphate solution are 
added over 20 minutes and dyeing is continued for further 30 minutes at 
constant temperature. After cooling to 70.degree. C. the bath is 
drained-off and the goods are rinsed several times hot and cold. There is 
obtained a level violet dyeing of a very regular aspect. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) the same amount of each of Dispersions 
(D.sub.2) to (D.sub.8), (D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11) are employed in 
Application Example (D). 
Application Example E [Dyeing of polyester/cotton blended fabric with 
disperse dyes and direct dyes in the jet-dyeing machine (Laborjet MATHIS)] 
100 parts of a polyester/cotton blended fabric 67/33 is introduced into 900 
parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 50.degree. C., which contains 1.5 
parts of Dispersion (D.sub.1) and 10 parts of sodium sulphate. To the bath 
is then added a dispersion of 0.35 parts of Foron Yellow Brown RD-2RS, 
0.09 parts of C.I. Disperse Red 73 and 0.11 parts of Foron Blue RD-GLF and 
a solution of 0.2 parts of C.I. Direct Yellow 162, 0.09 parts of C.I. 
Direct Red 83:1 and 0.33 parts of C.I. Direct Brown 240 in 50 parts of 
water. The pH value is then adjusted to 5 with acetic acid and the bath is 
then heated from 50 to 130.degree. C. at a heating speed of 1.5.degree. 
C./minute and dyeing is continued from 30 minutes at 130.degree. C. The 
bath is then cooled from 130.degree. C. to 70.degree. C. and the dyeing is 
completed as usual (rinsing, washing). There is obtained a very level and 
regular brown dyeing. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) there is employed in Application 
Example E the same amount of each of Dispersion (D.sub.2) to (D.sub.8), 
(D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11). 
Application Example F [Dyeing of polyester/cotton blended fabric with 
disperse dyes and direct dyes in the jet-dyeing machine (Rotostream Jet of 
THYSS)] 
The procedure described in Application Example E is repeated in a 
jet-dyeing machine (Rotostream) of THYSS at a liquor-to-goods ratio of 
10:1 with 200 kg of polyester/cotton blended fabric, 67/33, 2000 liters of 
liquor and two revolutions/minute (i.e. a liquor circulation of 4000 
liters/minute). There is obtained as well a very level and regular brown 
dyeing. 
Application Example G [Dyeing of polyester/viscose rayon staple fibre 
blended fabric with disperse dyes and direct dyes in the jet-dyeing 
machine (Laborjet MATHIS)] 
100 parts of polyester/viscose rayon staple fibre blended fabric 70/30 is 
introduced into 900 parts of a liquor heated to 50.degree. C., that 
contains 1 part of Dispersion (D.sub.1) and 60 parts of sodium sulphate. 
To the bath is then added a solution of 0.35 parts of C.I. Reactive Blue 
41 and 0.73 parts of C.I. Reactive Green 12 in 50 parts of water; after 20 
minutes a solution of 1.5 parts of soda in 50 parts of water is added 
thereto; after 20 minutes a solution of 1.5 parts of soda in 50 parts of 
water is added and dyeing is continued for further 20 minutes at 
50.degree. C. Then a dispersion of 0.073 parts of C.I. Disperse Yellow 54 
and 0.53 parts of C.I. Disperse Blue 60 in 50 parts of water is added to 
the bath and this is heated from 50.degree. C. to 130.degree. C. at a 
heating speed of 1.5.degree. C./minute. Dyeing is continued for further 45 
minutes at 130.degree. C. and then the bath is cooled to 60.degree. C. at 
a cooling speed of 2.degree. C./minute. After completion in usual way 
(rinsing, washing) there is obtained a very level, green dyeing with a 
perfect aspect of the goods. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) there is employed in Application 
Example G the same amount of each of the Dispersions (D.sub.2) to 
(D.sub.8), (D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11). 
Application Example H [Dyeing of polyester/viscose rayon staple fibre 
blended fabric with disperse dyes and direct dyes in the jet-dyeing 
machine (Rotostream THYSS)] 
The procedure described in Application Example G is repeated with the 
difference that the process is carried out in a Rotostream jet-dyeing 
machine of THYSS with 200 kg of blended fabric at a liquor-to-goods ratio 
of 10:1 in 2000 liters of liquor, at a liquor circulation of 4000 
liters/minute (i.e. two liquor revolutions/minute). There is obtained as 
well a very level green dyeing of perfect aspect of the goods. 
Application Example J [Bleaching in the jet-dyeing machine (Laborjet 
MATHIS)] 
100 parts of boiled-off cotton fabric is introduced into a jet-dyeing 
machine that contains 900 parts of an aqueous liquor heated to 50.degree. 
C. To the bath are added a dispersion of 2 parts of Dispersion (D.sub.1) 
in 33 parts of water, a solution of 1.2 parts of caustic soda in 33 parts 
of water and a solution of 3 parts of hydrogen peroxide (of 35% 
concentration) in 33 parts of water. Then the liquor is heated to 
95.degree. C. and the goods are treated during 45 minutes at this 
temperature. After cooling to 70.degree. C. the bath is drained-off and 
the goods are rinsed hot and cold. There is obtained a bleached fabric 
without any chafe marks. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) there is employed in Application 
Example J the same amount of each of Dispersions (D.sub.2) to (D.sub.8), 
(D.sub.10) and (D.sub.11). 
Application Example K [Cationic aftertreatment of a direct dyeing in the 
winch-beck] 
The violet dyeing obtained according to Application Example D is treated 
with 1500 parts of a liquor of 50.degree. C. that contains 3 parts of 
Dispersion (D.sub.1) and 3 parts of a polycationic fixing agent 
(condensation product of 1 mole of dyethylenetriamine and 1 mole of 
dicyanodiamide, protonated with sulphuric acid). The dyeing is treated 
during 30 minutes at constant temperature and then, after draining-off of 
the liquor, it is rinsed several times with fresh water. There is obtained 
a very level violet dyeing with good wet fastnesses. 
Analogously as Dispersion (D.sub.1) there is employed in Application 
Example K the same amount of each of Dispersions (D.sub.2) to (D.sub.7) 
and (D.sub.9).