METHODS FOR CONTROLLING AIR DISINFECTING SYSTEMS

A system and method include a duct including an internal air passage. One or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters are coupled to the duct. The UV light emitter(s) are configured to emit UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage. An air inlet is coupled to the duct. The air inlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage. An air outlet is coupled to the duct. The air outlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage. A blower is disposed within the duct. The blower is configured to draw the air into the internal air passage through the air inlet, and discharge the air from the internal air passage through the air outlet. The air is disinfected within the internal air passage by the UV light emitted by the one or more UV lights. A sensor is coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet. The sensor is configured to output signals. A control unit is in communication with the UV light emitter(s), the blower, and the sensor. The control unit is configured to receive the signals from the sensor and control one or both of the UV light emitter(s) or the blower based on the signals.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Examples of the present disclosure generally relate to systems and methods for disinfecting air, such as by ultraviolet (UV) light.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aircraft are used to transport passengers and cargo between various locations. Passengers within an internal cabin of an aircraft can be seated in close proximity to one another.

Air within an internal cabin of an aircraft is typically a mixture of air exhaled by other passengers and fresh disinfected air. As can be appreciated, exhaled air can contain microbial particles, such as germs, bacteria, viruses, and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

A need exists for a system and a method for efficiently and effectively disinfecting air, such as within a confined space (for example, an internal cabin of a vehicle).

With that need in mind, certain examples of the present disclosure provide a system including a duct including an internal air passage. One or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters are coupled to the duct. The one or more UV light emitters are configured to emit UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage. An air inlet is coupled to the duct. The air inlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage. An air outlet is coupled to the duct. The air outlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage. A blower is disposed within the duct. The blower is configured to draw the air into the internal air passage through the air inlet, and discharge the air from the internal air passage through the air outlet. The air is disinfected within the internal air passage by the UV light emitted by the one or more UV light emitters. A sensor is coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet. The sensor is configured to output signals. A control unit is in communication with the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, and the sensor. The control unit is configured to receive the signals from the sensor and control one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower based on the signals.

In at least one example, the air inlet is in close proximity to the air outlet. In at least one example, the air inlet is disposed below the air outlet. In at least one example, the air inlet or the air outlet are configured to be disposed one or both of below or in front of a mouth of an individual. The air outlet is configured to discharge disinfected air upwardly toward the mouth to provide an air curtain in front of a face the individual.

In at least one example, the sensor is a microphone, and the signals are audio signals.

In at least one example, the control unit is configured to determine a breathing rate of an individual based on the signals.

In at least one example, the control unit is configured to control both the one or more UV light emitters and the blower based on the signals.

In at least one example, the control unit is configured to increase power to one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower when the signals indicate that an individual is or is about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet, and the control unit is configured to decrease power to one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower when the signals indicate that the individual is not or is not about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet.

The system can also include a power source that supplies power to the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, the control unit, and the sensor.

In at least one example, the duct, the air inlet, the air outlet, and the control unit are coupled to a helmet.

Certain examples of the present disclosure provide a method including emitting, by one or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters coupled to a duct including an internal passage, UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage; drawing, by a blower coupled to the duct, the air into the internal air passage through an air inlet; discharging, by the blower, the air from the internal air passage through an air outlet; outputting, by a sensor coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet, signals; receiving, by a control unit in communication with the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, and the sensor, the signals from the sensor; and controlling, by the control unit, one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower based on the signals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

Air within an internal cabin of a vehicle, such as a commercial aircraft, may need additional disinfection to provide reduced active microbial particles and to increase passenger sense of well-being. Ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to neutralize microbial pathogens, such as bacteria, germs, viruses, and the like. However, shining an ultraviolet (UV) light directly on the face of an individual may not be possible at sufficient irradiance to neutralize pathogens. Examples of the present disclosure provide systems and methods that direct air flow around the face of an individual. The air flow is disinfected using UV light. One or more UV light emitters are contained in an enclosure that disinfects the air just prior to emission near the face of the individual. The UV light within the enclosure can be reflected, thereby increasing the UV exposure of the air.

In at least one example, the system includes an assembly that can be worn by an individual. As another example, the assembly can be mounted to a structure, such as a headrest of a seat. The UV light emitters can be UV light emitting diodes (LEDs), which generate minimal or low ozone. In at least one example, the system includes a UV reflective duct section supporting UV LED strips for disinfection, and UV absorbing sections, such as an at an air inlet and air outlet to prevent or otherwise reduce escape of UV light. The system can also include a blower, such as a fan, which draws air into and through the duct, and out of the air outlet. Further, the air inlet can be larger than the air outlet, thereby providing increased air velocity at the outlet (such as toward an individual's face). The air inlet can be in close proximity to the air outlet. As such, the blower can draw air into the duct from near an individual's face when exhaling, and the system can clean the air and provide it near the intake area.

FIG.1illustrates an isometric view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The system100includes a duct102having an inlet end104and an outlet end106. An air inlet108is disposed at the inlet end104, and an air outlet110is disposed at the outlet end106.

The duct102is a tube, pipe, or other such conduit that includes an outer wall112that defines an internal air passage114. The internal air passage114provides an internal path for air to travel between the inlet end104and the outlet end106, and therefore the air inlet108and the air outlet110. The air inlet108is in fluid communication with the air outlet110through the internal air passage114of the duct102.

As shown, the duct102includes a first segment118connected to a second segment120through a bend122. The first segment118can be a straight, linear segment. Similarly, the second segment120can be a straight, linear segment. The bend122can provide a 180 degree turn so that the first segment118and the second segment120are generally parallel with one another. By providing a 180 degree turn, the bend122allows the air inlet108to be in close proximity to the air outlet110. As such, the bend122positions the air outlet110proximate to the air inlet108. For example, the air inlet108can be within 6 inches or less of the air outlet110. Optionally, the duct102can include more bends than shown. Further, the bend122can be less than 180 degrees. As another example, the duct102may not include any bend. Instead, the air inlet108and the air outlet110can be at opposite ends of a straight duct.

One or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters124(or UV lights) are coupled to a duct102. For example, the UV light emitters124can be disposed within the duct102. As another example, at least portions of the UV light emitters124can be outside of the duct102. As an example, the UV light emitters124can protrude into openings formed in the duct102. The UV light emitters124can be secured to portions of the duct102through one or more fasteners, adhesives, or the like. For example, a plurality of UV light emitters124are disposed within the internal air passage114within the first segment118, and a plurality of UV light emitters124are disposed within the internal passage114within the second segment118. Optionally, UV light emitters124can be disposed within the bend122. As another example, one or more UV light emitters124are disposed within the one of the first segment118, the second segment120, or the bend122. As another example, one or more UV light emitters124are disposed within each of the first segment118, the second segment120, and the bend122.

The UV light emitters124are configured to emit UV light into air that passes through the duct102, thereby disinfecting the air as it passes from the air inlet108and to and through the air outlet110. In at least one example, the UV light emitters124are configured to emit UV light at a wavelength ranging from 270-280 nanometers (nm). Optionally, the UV light emitters124can be configured to emit UV light at different wavelengths, such as ranging from 210-230 nm, 240-260 nm, and/or the like.

The duct102is formed of (or has internal portions formed of or coated with) a reflective material. For example, the duct102is formed of aluminum. In another example, the duct102can be formed of Teflon. Internal surfaces of the duct102that define the internal air passage114are formed of, or otherwise coated, with a reflective material, such as aluminum, or Teflon. Outer surfaces of the outer wall112are formed of, or otherwise coated with an opaque material, such as a metal, thereby ensuring that UV light emitted by the UV light emitters124does not escape out and through the outer wall112of the duct102. In this manner, the duct102is a light pipe that internally reflects UV light emitted by the UV light emitters124but prevents the UV light from escaping through the outer wall112.

The air inlet108and the air outlet110are formed of UV absorbing material. For example, the air inlet108and the air outlet110are formed of a dark plastic, which absorbs UV light, thereby eliminating, minimizing, or otherwise reducing the potential of UV light escaping therethrough. For example, the air inlet108and the air outlet110can be formed of dark, opaque plastic. In at least one example, the air inlet108and the air outlet110can be black plastic. The darker the plastic, the more UV light will be absorbed.

A blower126, such as a fan, is coupled to the duct102. For example, the blower126can be disposed within the duct102. As another example, the blower126can have a portion disposed within the duct102, and another portion outside of the duct102. As another example, the duct102can have an opening into which a conduit that connects to the blower126is secured. The blower126can be secured within the duct102through one or more fasteners, adhesives, and/or the like. As an example, the blower126is disposed within the bend122. Optionally, the blower126can be disposed within the first segment118or the second segment120. As another example, additional blowers126can be disposed within one or more portions of the duct102.

The air inlet108has a first diameter130that defines an opening through which air is drawn into the duct102. The air outlet110has a conic body132having a nozzle133defining a second diameter134, which is substantially smaller than the first diameter130. The second diameter134defines an opening through which air is discharged from the system100. For example, the second diameter134can be half or less than the first diameter130. As another example, the second diameter134is a quarter or less than the first diameter130. By reducing the size of the second diameter134of the air outlet110in relation to the first diameter130of the air inlet108, air discharged through the air outlet110is at increased velocity as compared to air that is drawn in through the air inlet108. Optionally, the second diameter134of the air outlet110may not be substantially smaller than the first diameter130of the air inlet108. For example, the first diameter130and the second diameter134can be alternatively equal to one another.

In at least one example, a support insert139, such as a bracket, block, or the like, is secured between the first segment118and the second segment120. The support insert139ensures that the first segment118and the second segment120do not undesirably encroach upon one another. Optionally, the system100may not include the support insert139.

FIG.2illustrates an internal view of the system100for disinfecting air. Referring toFIGS.1and2, the system100can include an activation switch140that is in communication with the UV light emitters124and the blower126, such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The activation switch140can be mounted on and/or within the duct102, the air inlet108, or the air outlet110. Optionally, the activation switch140can be remotely located from the duct102, the air inlet108, or the air outlet110. For example, the activation switch140can be mounted to a portion of a seat.

When the switch140is in an ON position, the UV light emitters124are activated to emit the UV light, and the blower126is activated to draw air into the duct102through the air inlet108, and out through the air outlet110. When the switch140is in an OFF position, the UV light emitters124and the blower126are deactivated. The switch140can be a or otherwise include a physical switch, such as a button, key, dial, toggle, or the like that is configured to be selectively engaged by an individual between the ON and OFF positions. Optionally, the switch140can be or include a sensor that is configured to automatically activate and deactivate the UV light emitters124and the blower126. For example, the sensor can be a motion or fluid sensor that detects individual motion, fluid flow, and/or the like.

In operation, the blower126is activated to draw air142into the duct102through the air inlet108. The blower126can be configured to move the air142within the internal air passage114of the duct102at a relatively low velocity to ensure that the air142is exposed to the UV light144for a sufficient amount of time to disinfect the air142. The smaller diameter134of the air outlet110ensures that the disinfected air142is expelled at a higher velocity than air is drawn in through the air inlet108. As such, the reduced diameter nozzle133increases the velocity of disinfected air that is expelled out of the system100(such as onto a face of an individual). At the same time, the larger diameter of the internal air passage114limits the velocity of air flowing therein, which increases the amount of time the air142is exposed to the UV light144emitted and reflected within the duct102. As an example, the diameter of the air inlet108and the internal air passage114can range from 1-2 inches, while the diameter of the nozzle133can range from 0.1-0.5 inches.

As the air passes through the internal air passage114, the UV light emitters124emit UV light144into the flowing air142, thereby disinfecting the air142. The emitted UV light144internal reflects off the internal reflective surfaces of the duct102(such as a light pipe), thereby continually passing into and through the air142, which provides increased and efficient disinfection of the air142. The UV light within the duct102is continually internally reflected, thereby increasing the air to increased UV exposure. The blower126moves the air through the internal air passage114toward the air outlet110, with the UV light emitters124emitting the UV light144into the air142between the air inlet108and the air outlet110to disinfect the air142(for example, neutralize microbial pathogens, such as germs, bacteria, viruses, and the like). Because the air inlet108and the air outlet110are formed of UV absorbing material (such as a dark plastic), the potential of UV light escaping out of the system100is eliminated, minimized, or otherwise reduced.

The duct102provides a path for air to pass through, and be disinfected by UV light emitted from the UV light emitters124and internally reflected within the duct102. The duct102can provide a circuitous path that ensures that the air142, as moved by the blower126, is exposed to UV light for a sufficient amount of time to disinfect the UV light (for example, neutralize any pathogens contained therein). The air142is disinfected by the UV light emitted by the UV light emitters124before being discharged through the air outlet110.

In at least one example, the UV light144emitted by the UV light emitters124is selected to have low ozone emission into an air stream (for example, UV LEDs that emit UV light at a wavelength of 222 nm). Any UV light that escapes the system100is sufficiently low that long duration passenger exposure is within allowable limits as defined by regulatory agencies (such as the Federal Aviation Administration). The UV light144within the duct102is reflected many times from internal reflective surfaces113that define the internal air passage114, thereby increasing the UV exposure of the air. For example, the internal reflective surfaces113can be formed of or otherwise coated with Teflon, which has approximately 96% reflectivity at UV frequencies allowing high UV irradiance along the internal air passage114.

The bend122disposes the air inlet108proximate to the air outlet110. As such, both the air inlet108and the air outlet110can be disposed close to a face of an individual, thereby ensuring the air exhaled by an individual is drawn into the duct102, disinfected as described herein, and expelled for the induvial to breathe.

The system100provides disinfected air while consuming less power as compared to a UV light that is configured to direct UV light directly onto a face of an individual. Further, the system100eliminates, minimizes, or otherwise reduces UV exposure to skin and eyes of an individual. The system100also provides increased disinfection of air next to an individual's face. Also, the blower126is configured to consume a relatively small amount of power and move air at a relatively low velocity, thereby decreasing operational costs, and reducing generated noise.

The system100can be worn by an individual. For example, the system100can include a clip, hook, loop, or the like that allow an individual to wear the system100. As another example, the system100can be secured to a structure, such as headrest of a seat, such as within a vehicle (for example, a commercial aircraft), or within a venue such as a theater, stadium, or the like.

As described herein, the system100includes the duct102including the internal reflective surfaces113surrounding at least a portion of the internal air passage114. One or more ultraviolet (UV) lights124are disposed within the duct102. The one or more UV lights124are configured to emit UV light144into the air142that passes through the internal air passage114. The internal reflective surfaces113reflect the UV light144within the internal air passage114. The air inlet108is coupled to the duct,102. The air inlet108is in fluid communication with the internal air passage114. The air outlet110is coupled to the duct102. The air outlet110is in fluid communication with the internal air passage114. The blower126is disposed within the duct102. The blower126is configured to draw air142into the internal air passage114through the air inlet108, and discharge the air142from the internal air passage114through the air outlet110. The air142is disinfected within the internal air passage114by the UV light144emitted by the one or more UV lights124and reflected by the internal reflective surfaces113.

FIG.3illustrates an isometric view of the system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the system100can include a mounting member150, which is configured to secure the system100to a structure, such as headrest of a seat. The mounting member150can be a clamp, bracket, or the like. In at least one example, the mounting member150is or otherwise includes a ball pivot, hinge, swivel, or the like. A power line152(such as a cable or wire) connects to the blower126and the UV light emitters124. The power line152provides electrical power from a power source to the blower126and the UV light emitters124. Optionally, the system100can include an internal source of power, such as one or more batteries.

FIG.4illustrates a front view of the air inlet108, according to an example of the present disclosure. In at least one example, the air inlet108includes a plurality of intersecting fins162disposed within an internal channel164. The fins162can be flat panels formed of a UV light absorbing material, such as a plastic. Air is drawn into the air inlet108through the internal channel164, while the fins162provide an additional barrier that absorbs UV light and prevents the UV light from passing out of the air inlet108. The air outlet110(shown inFIGS.1-3) can also include fins as shown and described with respect toFIG.4. The fins162provide low air flow resistance, and high UV light absorption.

FIG.5illustrates a simplified internal view of the system for100disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The air inlet108can include a bend166that leads to the duct102. The fins162extend into the air inlet108toward the bend166. The fins162provide barriers that block UV light144from escaping through the air inlet108. As the UV light144impinges on the fins162, the UV light is absorbed by the fins162. The air142is drawn in through the air outlet and into the duct102, such as by the blower126(shown inFIGS.1-3).

As shown, the internal reflective surfaces113of the duct102internally reflect the UV light144emitted by the UV light emitters124. Accordingly, the duct102provides a light pipe that is configured to internally reflect the UV light144.

FIG.6illustrates an isometric view of the system100for disinfecting air in relation to an individual180, according to an example of the present disclosure. In at least one example, the individual180wears the system100. For example, the system100can include a clip, hook, loop, or the like that allows the system100to be worn on a head182. As another example, the system100can be secured to a headrest of a seat on which the individual180is seated.

As described above, the air inlet108and the air outlet110can be in closed proximity to one another. Referring toFIGS.1-6, the bend122orients the first segment118and the segment120to be substantially parallel (such as within 5 degrees), which allows the air inlet108to be in close proximity (such as within 6 inches) to the air outlet110.

The UV light emitters124emit the UV light144, which allows local air surrounding the individual180to be disinfected within the duct102, which provides a circuitous loop and light pipe. The blower126draws air from near the face184of the individual in through the air inlet108. The air is disinfected by UV light144emitted by the UV light emitters124and internally reflected within the duct102. The disinfected air is then discharged through the air outlet110near the face184. Because the disinfection of the air is highly localized, even aerosolized pathogens from an individual sitting next to the individual180will be neutralized.

FIG.7illustrates a side view of the system100for disinfecting air in a stowed position on a seat190, according to an example of the present disclosure. Referring toFIGS.1-3and7, the mounting member150secures the system100to a portion of the seat190, such as to a side portion of a headrest192. The mounting member150can be a pivoting structure, such as a ball pivot, which allows the system100to rotate about an axis.

FIG.8illustrates a side view of the system100for disinfecting air in a deployed position on the seat190. An individual can pivot the system100between the stowed position (shown inFIG.7) and the deployed position, such as about the mounting member150.

FIG.9illustrates a front view of a seat200having a first system100afor disinfecting air and a second system100afor disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The first system100aand the second system100bare configured as any of the systems100described herein. The first system100ais secured to a first side202of a headrest203, and the second system100bis secured to a second side204of the headrest203. The second side204is opposite from the first side202. The first system100aand the second system100bcan be fixed in position. Optionally, the first system100aand the second system100bcan be moveably coupled to the headrest203and configured to be moved between stowed and deployed positions.

In at least one example, the air outlets110can be fixed in position. In at least one other example, the nozzle133is movable. For example, the nozzle133can be pivotally mounted to allow for rotation to desired positions. Any of the examples described herein can include moveable nozzles133.

FIG.10illustrates a simplified internal view of the headrest203of the seat200having the first and second systems100aand100b, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, ducts102of the systems100aand100bcan pass through internal portions of the headrest203. The ducts102can be fixed within the headrest203.

FIG.11illustrates a top view of a pillow210including the system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The pillow210can be a neck pillow having an arcuate main body212defining an opening214that leads into a neck cavity216. The pillow210can be configured to be worn around a neck of an individual. The system100, such as any of those described herein, can be incorporated into the pillow210. For example, the system100can be mounted on a portion of the main body212. As another example, the system100can be disposed within at least a portion of the main body212. Accordingly, the system100can be incorporated into the pillow210.

FIG.12illustrates an isometric front view of the system100for disinfecting air worn by an individual220, according to an example of the present disclosure. The system100, such as any of those described herein, can include one or more straps, hooks, loops, or the like that allow the individual220to wear the system100over a chest. In another example, the system100can be worn on a head of the individual.

FIG.13illustrates a side view of a helmet230including a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The system100, such as any of those described herein, can be secured to a portion of the helmet230, such as an outer or interior portion of the helmet230. As such, the system100can be incorporated into the helmet230.

FIG.14illustrates an isometric front view of a headrest240including systems100aand100bfor disinfecting air in deployed positions, according to an example of the present disclosure. The systems100aand100bcan be configured as any of the systems100described herein. The systems100aand100bmoveably couple to the headrest240through the mounting members150, which can be pivot joints.

FIG.15illustrates an isometric front view of the headrest240ofFIG.14having the systems in stowed positions. As shown, the systems100aand100bcan outwardly pivot to deployed positions, as shown inFIG.14, and inwardly pivot across the headrest203to stowed positions.

FIG.16illustrates an isometric front view of a headrest240including systems100aand100bfor disinfecting air in deployed positions, according to an example of the present disclosure.FIG.17illustrates an isometric front view of the headrest240ofFIG.16having the systems100aand100bin stowed positions. The headrest240shown inFIGS.16and17is similar to that shown inFIGS.14and15, except that the systems100aand100bcan be configured to downwardly pivot into the stowed positions, and upwardly pivot into the deployed positions.

FIG.18illustrates an isometric front view of a headrest250including systems100aand100bfor disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The systems100aand100bcan be configured as any of the systems100described herein. As shown, the systems100aand100bcan be integrated into moveable side flaps252and254of the headrest250.

FIG.19illustrates an isometric view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the duct102may not include a bend. Instead, the air outlet110can be distally located from the air inlet108. The duct102can also include an expanded main body260, which has a larger diameter than the air inlet108and the air outlet110. The expanded main body260provides a larger UV irradiance zone, which increases air disinfection for a given input power. Any of the examples described herein can include a duct having an expanded main body260, such as shown inFIG.19. For example, the first and second segments of the duct102shown inFIG.1can include expanded main bodies.

FIG.20illustrates an isometric view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the duct102can include the bend122. The duct102can include additional bends.

FIG.21illustrates an isometric view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the duct102can include a straight main body that has a diameter that is the same, or substantially the same, as the air inlet108.

FIG.22illustrates an isometric view of a system for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the duct102can include a spiraled main body270, which provides a longer path for air to travel and thereby be exposed to UV light therein.

FIG.23illustrates an isometric view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the duct102can have an irregularly-curved shape. The duct102can be sized and shaped as desired.

FIG.24illustrates an isometric view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, an outlet tube300(for example, a flexible hose) can extend from the nozzle133of the air outlet110. The outlet tube300be permanently secured to the nozzle133. Optionally, the outlet tube300can be removably secured to the nozzle133, such as via a threadable interface, a snapable interface, an interference fit, or the like. In this manner, the outlet tube300can be a disposable tube that can be removably coupled to the air outlet110.

The outlet tube300includes one or more air openings302, such as a linear slot, which allow air to be expelled therefrom. A pivot joint304can couple the outlet tube300to the nozzle133. The pivot joint304allows an individual to selectively adjust and orient the outlet tube300, as desired. The pivot joint304allows an individual to control the direction of disinfected air.

FIG.25illustrates an isometric front view of a system100worn on a head330of an individual332, according to an example of the present disclosure.FIG.26illustrates an isometric side view of the system100ofFIG.25worn on the head330of the individual332.FIG.27illustrates an isometric rear view of the system100ofFIG.25worn on the head330of the individual332. The system100can be configured as any of those described herein. The system100can include one or more straps, loops, hooks, or the like that allow the system100to be worn on the head330. In at least one example, the system100can be incorporated into a hood, headband, or the like that is worn by the individual332. As another example, the system100can be supported by shoulders of the individual332. As another example, the system100can partially loop around the head and/or neck of the individual332.

FIG.28illustrates a simplified internal view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The duct102can have an arcuate main body400that is configured to extend around a portion of a head402. The UV light emitter(s)124can be disposed within any portion of the duct102. The blower126can be proximate to the air inlet108. Optionally, the blower126can be within any other portion of the duct102.

FIG.29illustrates a simplified internal view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. In this example, the air inlet108can be proximate to a middle section450of the duct102behind the head402. The duct102further includes two air outlets110at opposite ends that are configured to be proximate to opposite sides of the head402. The blower126can be disposed proximate to the air inlet108. Multiple UV light emitters124can be used.

FIG.30illustrates a front view of the air inlet,108according to an example of the present disclosure. The air inlet108can include a screen500, such as a metal mesh screen, disposed therein. The air outlet110can also include a screen500. The screen500prevents foreign object debris from passing into the air inlet108(and/or the air outlet110).

FIG.31illustrates a side view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the duct102can be sized to rise above a height of the air inlet108(or optionally, the air outlet110) to prevent foreign object debris from passing into the duct102.

FIG.32illustrates an isometric front view of systems100aand100bfor disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The systems100aand100bcan be configured as any of those described herein. The systems100aand100bare configured to wrap around a head of an individual. The ducts102of the systems100aand100bare shaped such that the air inlet108of the system100ais below the air outlet110of the system100b, and the air inlet108of the system100bis below air outlet110of the system100a.

FIG.33illustrates an isometric first side view of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure.FIG.34illustrates an isometric second side of the system100ofFIG.33. As shown, the air inlet108is mounted to a side of the blower126and the duct102, which provides the light pipe, as described herein. A flexible tube600extends from the duct102, and provides the air outlet110. An outlet tube300can extend from the air outlet110, as described herein. Optionally, the flexible tube300can be a rigid conduit, such as a solid pipe.

FIG.35illustrates an isometric front view of an individual700wearing the system100ofFIGS.33and34, according to an example of the present disclosure. The system100can include one or more features that allow the individual700to wear the system100, as described herein. Optionally, the system100can be incorporated into a structure, such as a headrest, pillow, helmet, or the like.

The flexible tube600allows the individual700to move the outlet tube300to a desired position. Further, the outlet tube300can be pivoted, extended, and/or the like in relation to the air outlet110.

FIG.36illustrates a perspective view of the system100ofFIGS.33and34mounted to a side flap800of a headrest802, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the air inlet108, the blower126, and the duct102can be secured behind the side flap800, and the flexible tube600extends in front of the side flap800.

FIG.37illustrates an isometric front view of a system100worn on a head900of an individual902, according to an example of the present disclosure. As shown, the air inlet108is in close proximity to the air outlet110. In particular, the air inlet108can be disposed below the air outlet110. In at least one example, the air inlet108includes an inlet tube904that is coupled to the duct102. Similarly, the air outlet110includes an outlet tube300to the duct102. The air inlet108and the air outlet110can be fixed in relation to the duct102. As another example, the air inlet108and the air outlet110can be pivotally secured to the duct102, thereby allowing adjustable positioning of the outlet tube300and the inlet tube904.

The inlet tube904and the outlet tube300can abut against one another or be separated a distance (such as 2 inches or less). In at least one example, the inlet tube904is disposed below the outlet tube300. The inlet tube904and the outlet tube300can be configured to be disposed in front of and/or below a mouth906of the individual902. The air outlet110can be positioned to discharge disinfected air upwardly toward the mouth906and face908of the individual902, thereby providing an air curtain910that provides a barrier in front of the face908. In this manner, the air curtain910reduces a potential of exhaled air and/or droplets from the mouth906of the individual902from passing toward others. Therefore, the system100protects the individual902by disinfecting air that is inhaled by the individual902, and others via the air curtain910providing a protective barrier that reduces transmission of exhaled particles from the individual902.

The outlet tube300and the inlet tube904as shown inFIG.37can be used with any of the examples shown and described with respect toFIGS.1-36.

FIG.38illustrates a schematic block diagram of a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The system100includes the duct102, the air inlet108, and the air outlet110, such as described above One or more UV light emitters124and the blower126are disposed in relation to the duct102, as described above.

In at least one example, a sensor, such as a microphone1000, is coupled to one or more of the duct102, the air inlet108, and/or the air outlet110. For example, the microphone1000can be mounted to the duct102proximate to the air inlet108and/or the air outlet110. As another example, the microphone1000is mounted to one or both of the air inlet108and/or the air outlet110. The microphone1000is configured to detect sound as emitted by an individual. For example, the microphone1000is configured to detect sounds1001associated with breathing, speaking, and the like, and output audio signals1003indicative of the sounds1001. Optionally, instead of a microphone, the sensor can be a pressure sensor that is configured to detect breathing through pressure detection. In such an example, the sensor can output pressure signals, instead of audio signals.

The system100also includes a control unit1002in communication with a memory1004, such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The control unit1002can be separate and distinct from the memory1004. Optionally, the control unit1002can include the memory1004.

The control unit1002and the memory1004are secured to one or more portions of the system100. For example, the control unit1002and the memory1004can be mounted to an exterior portion of the duct102. As another example, the control unit1002and the memory1004can be secured within the duct102.

The control unit1002is in communication with the microphone1000, the UV light emitter(s)124, and the blower126, such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The control unit1002is configured to control operation of the UV light emitter(s)124and the blower126based on the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000. The memory1004stores pre-programmed instructions for operating the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126based on the audio signals1003output by the microphone1000and received by the control unit1002.

The control unit1002is configured to recognize and differentiate the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000. For example, based on preprogrammed data stored in the memory1004, the control unit1002is configured to determine audio signals1003associated with inhalation of air, exhalation of air, and the like. In at least one example, the control unit1002is configured to determine a breathing rate of an individual based on the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000. The control unit1002selectively controls the UV light emitters124and/or the blower126based on the audio signals received from the microphone1000.

As an example, the microphone1000outputs the audio signals1003indicative of the sounds1001detected from an individual. The control unit1002receives the audio signals1003and determines a breathing rate and pattern of the individual. The control unit1002predicts when the individual inhales air based on the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000. In response, the control unit1002increases power to the blower126to increase the air flow out of the air outlet110when the individual is breathing in air. As another example, the control unit1002increases power to the UV light emitter(s)124to provide increased UV disinfection when the individual is breathing in air. When the individual is not breathing in air or exhaling, the control unit1002reduces power to one or both of the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126to conserve power. As another example, when the control unit1002determines that the individual is exhaling air, the control unit1002can increase power to the blower126to provide increased air flow, so as to provide a more robust air curtain in front of the face of the individual.

As described herein, in at least one example, the control unit1002is configured to increase power to one or both of the UV light emitter(s)124or the blower126when the signals indicate that an individual is or is about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet110. Conversely, the control unit1002is configured to decrease power to one or both of the UV light emitter(s)124or the blower126when the signals indicate that the individual is not or is not about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet110.

In at least one example, the control unit1002reduces power to the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126when the audio signal1003is indicative of no breath intake. As such, the control unit1002can operate the components at reduced power when the individual is not inhaling air. As another example, the control unit1002can deactivate the components when the individual is not inhaling air.

As another example, the control unit1002, based on data stored in the memory1004, can determine when an individual is running or exerting increased amounts of energy, and selectively control the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126in response thereto. For example, in response to receiving audio signals from the microphone1000indicative of the individual running, the control unit1002increases power to the UV light emitter(s)124to provide increased UV disinfection, and increases power to the blower126to provide increased air flow to the individual.

In at least one other example, the control unit1002can determine a breathing rate, and predict when an individual inhales and exhales air based on machine learning and/or artificial intelligence. For example, based on the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000, the control unit1002can detect a pattern of sounds, and automatically make predictions regarding respiration of the individual based on the pattern.

In at least one example, the control unit1002determines breathing rate and intensity through the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000and selectively controls the UV light emitter(s)124and the blower126accordingly. The control unit1002uses artificial intelligence to monitor a breathing pattern and increases power to the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126in advance of anticipated next breath.

Any of the examples described herein, such as shown and described with respect toFIGS.1-37, can include the control unit1002in communication with the microphone1000, the UV light emitter(s)124, and the blower126. The control unit1002receives signals, such as the audio signals1003, from a sensor, such as the microphone1000. The signals are indicative of breathing activity of the individual. The control unit1002operates one or both of the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126responsive to the signals, such as the audio signals1003, received from the sensor, such as the microphone1000.

As described herein, the system100includes the duct102including an internal air passage (such as the internal air passage114). One or more ultraviolet (UV) lights124are coupled to the duct102. The one or more UV lights124are configured to emit UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage. An air inlet108is coupled to the duct102. The air inlet108is in fluid communication with the internal air passage. An air outlet110is coupled to the duct102. The air outlet110is in fluid communication with the internal air passage. A blower126is disposed within the duct102. The blower126is configured to draw the air into the internal air passage through the air inlet108, and discharge the air from the internal air passage through the air outlet110. The air is disinfected within the internal air passage by the UV light emitted by the one or more UV lights124. A sensor (such as the microphone1000, a pressure sensor, or the like) is coupled to one or more of the duct102, the air inlet108, or the air outlet110. The sensor is configured to output signals, such as may be indicative of breathing of an individual. A control unit1002is in communication with the one or more UV lights124, the blower126, and the sensor. The control unit1002is configured to receive the signals from the sensor and control one or both of the one or more UV lights124or the blower126based on the signals.

As used herein, the term “control unit,” “central processing unit,” “CPU,” “computer,” or the like may include any processor-based or microprocessor-based system including systems using microcontrollers, reduced instruction set computers (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), logic circuits, and any other circuit or processor including hardware, software, or a combination thereof capable of executing the functions described herein. Such are exemplary only, and are thus not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of such terms. For example, the control unit1002may be or include one or more processors that are configured to control operation, as described herein.

The control unit1002is configured to execute a set of instructions that are stored in one or more data storage units or elements (such as one or more memories), in order to process data. For example, the control unit1002may include or be coupled to one or more memories. The data storage units may also store data or other information as desired or needed. The data storage units may be in the form of an information source or a physical memory element within a processing machine.

The diagrams of examples herein may illustrate one or more control or processing units, such as the control unit1002. It is to be understood that the processing or control units may represent circuits, circuitry, or portions thereof that may be implemented as hardware with associated instructions (e.g., software stored on a tangible and non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as a computer hard drive, ROM, RAM, or the like) that perform the operations described herein. The hardware may include state machine circuitry hardwired to perform the functions described herein. Optionally, the hardware may include electronic circuits that include and/or are connected to one or more logic-based devices, such as microprocessors, processors, controllers, or the like. Optionally, the control unit1002may represent processing circuitry such as one or more of a field programmable gate array (FPGA), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), microprocessor(s), and/or the like. The circuits in various examples may be configured to execute one or more algorithms to perform functions described herein. The one or more algorithms may include aspects of examples disclosed herein, whether or not expressly identified in a flowchart or a method.

As used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable, and include any computer program stored in a data storage unit (for example, one or more memories) for execution by a computer, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above data storage unit types are exemplary only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memory usable for storage of a computer program

FIG.39illustrates an isometric top view of the system100worn on a head1100of an individual1102, according to an example of the present disclosure.FIG.40illustrates an isometric front view of the system100ofFIG.39. Referring toFIGS.39and40, the microphone1000can be secured to the air outlet110. In at least one example, the microphone1000is mounted to an exterior or interior surface of the outlet tube300. The microphone1000can be used with or without a headphone to predict a breathing pattern, for example.

The control unit1002can modulate power to the blower126, based on breathing volume and/or intensity. For example, the control unit1002increased power to the blower126to increase fan speed (and therefore air volume) when hard breathing is detected and/or predicted, such as by an artificial intelligence algorithm. The power to the blower126can be modulated by listening to speech to increase fan speed when the speaking patter is predicted to include a breath. The power to the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126can be modulated based on a predicted speaking volume, breathing rate, and/or the like.

The system100can also include a power source1006. The power source1006can be or otherwise include one or more batteries. As another example, the system100can be powered via an electrical plug that is coupled to a power outlet, for example. The power source1006can be mounted to an exterior portion of the system100, such as on an outer source of the duct102. As another example, the power source1006can be mounted within the duct102. Referring toFIGS.38-40, the power source1006is in communication with the control unit1002, the UV light emitter(s)124, the blower126, and the microphone1000such as through one or more wired or wireless connections. The power source1006provides power to the control unit1002, the UV light emitter(s)124, the blower126, and the microphone1000. In at least one example, the control unit1002is configured to control power from the power source1006to one or both of the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126based on the audio signals1003received from the microphone1000.

FIG.41illustrates a side view of a helmet1200including a system100for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The helmet1200includes the microphone1000, which can also be used in relation to communication. For example, the microphone1000can be used to communicate with other individuals, and also be used with respect to the system100, as described herein. A conduit1202houses portions of the system100(such as the duct102), as well as portions of a communication system (such as wiring that connects the microphone1000to a receiver and antenna). As such, the system100can be integrated into a helmet1200having a communication system, and the microphone1000can be used for different purposes, such as in relation the communication system and the system100for disinfecting air.

The system100for disinfecting air can be integrated into a mobile headset or helmet, such as the helmet1200shown inFIG.41. As described herein, the control unit1002is configured to control operation of the system100based on the audio signals received from the microphone1000, and can therefore conserve power consumed by components of the system100. The air inlet108and the air outlet110can be in close proximity to one another, as shown and described with respect toFIGS.37,39, and40, for example. By disposing the air outlet108in front of and/or below a mouth of the individual, discharged air from the air outlet108can form an air curtain in front of a face of the individual. The control unit1002can be configured to recognize and/or predict breathing rhythms of the individual via audio signals received from the microphone1000, and can control power supplied to the UV light emitter(s)124and/or the blower126accordingly, which reduces overall power consumption and noise.

In at least one example, the systems and methods described herein are maskless. That is, the systems100do not include a mask that is worn around and over a mouth and/or nose of an individual. Such maskless systems do not visually restrict an individual. Alternatively, the air inlet108and/or the air outlet110can be in communication with a mask that is worn over a portion of the face.

The systems100provide disinfected air with lower power requirements in comparison to disinfection of larger spaces. The systems100consume less power and are quieter as compared to HEPA filter type systems. The systems100can be actively controlled, such as via the control unit1002, and/or continuously operated. The systems100can be portable and battery operated. The systems100also eliminate or otherwise reduce UV exposure to skin and eyes. Also, the systems100provide increased disinfection of air next to an individual's nose and mouth.

FIG.42illustrates a flow chart of a method for disinfecting air, according to an example of the present disclosure. The method includes emitting1300, by one or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters coupled to a duct including an internal passage, UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage; drawing1302, by a blower coupled to the duct, the air into the internal air passage through an air inlet; discharging1304, by the blower, the air from the internal air passage through an air outlet; outputting1306, by a sensor coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet, signals; receiving1308, by a control unit in communication with the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, and the sensor, the signals from the sensor; and controlling1310, by the control unit, one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower based on the signals.

Further, the disclosure comprises examples according to the following clauses:

Clause 1. A system comprising:a duct including an internal air passage;one or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters coupled to the duct, wherein the one or more UV light emitters are configured to emit UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage;an air inlet coupled to the duct, wherein the air inlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage;an air outlet coupled to the duct, wherein the air outlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage;a blower coupled to the duct, wherein the blower is configured to draw the air into the internal air passage through the air inlet, and discharge the air from the internal air passage through the air outlet, and wherein the air is disinfected within the internal air passage by the UV light emitted by the one or more UV light emitters;sensor coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet, wherein the sensor is configured to output signals; anda control unit in communication with the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, and the sensor, wherein the control unit is configured to receive the signals from the sensor and control one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower based on the signals.

Clause 2. The system of Clause 1, wherein the air inlet is in close proximity to the air outlet.

Clause 3. The system of Clauses 1 or 2, wherein the air inlet is disposed below the air outlet.

Clause 4. The system of any of Clauses 1-3, wherein the air inlet or the air outlet are configured to be disposed one or both of below or in front of a mouth of an individual, wherein the air outlet is configured to discharge disinfected air upwardly toward the mouth to provide an air curtain in front of a face the individual.

Clause 5. The system of any of Clauses 1-4, wherein the sensor is a microphone, and wherein the signals are audio signals.

Clause 6. The system of any of Clauses 1-5, wherein the control unit is configured to determine a breathing rate of an individual based on the signals.

Clause 7. The system of any of Clauses 1-6, wherein the control unit is configured to control both the one or more UV light emitters and the blower based on the signals.

Clause 8. The system of any of Clauses 1-7, wherein the control unit is configured to increase power to one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower when the signals indicate that an individual is or is about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet, and wherein the control unit is configured to decrease power to one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower when the signals indicate that the individual is not or is not about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet.

Clause 9. The system of any of Clauses 1-8, further comprising a power source that supplies power to the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, the control unit, and the sensor.

Clause 10. The system of any of Clauses 1-9, further comprising a helmet, wherein the duct, the air inlet, the air outlet, and the control unit are coupled to the helmet.

Clause 11. A method comprising:emitting, by one or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters coupled to a duct including an internal passage, UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage;drawing, by a blower coupled to the duct, the air into the internal air passage through an air inlet;discharging, by the blower, the air from the internal air passage through an air outlet;outputting, by a sensor coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet, signals;receiving, by a control unit in communication with the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, and the sensor, the signals from the sensor; andcontrolling, by the control unit, one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower based on the signals.

Clause 12. The method of Clause 11, wherein the air inlet is in close proximity to the air outlet.

Clause 13. The method of Clauses 11 or 12, wherein the air inlet is disposed below the air outlet.

Clause 14. The method of any of Clauses 11-13, wherein the air inlet or the air outlet are configured to be disposed one or both of below or in front of a mouth of an individual, wherein the air outlet is configured to discharge disinfected air upwardly toward the mouth to provide an air curtain in front of a face the individual.

Clause 15. The method of any of Clauses 11-14, wherein the sensor is a microphone, and wherein the signals are audio signals.

Clause 16. The method of any of Clauses 11-15, further comprising determining, by the control unit, a breathing rate of an individual based on the signals.

Clause 17. The method of any of Clauses 11-16, wherein said controlling comprises controlling both the one or more UV light emitters and the blower based on the signals.

Clause 18. The method of any of Clauses 11-17, wherein said controlling comprises:increasing power to one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower when the signals indicate that an individual is or is about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet; anddecreasing power to one or both of the one or more UV light emitters or the blower when the signals indicate that the individual is not or is not about to inhale air discharged from the air outlet.

Clause 19. The method of any of Clauses 11-18, further comprising coupling the duct, the air inlet, the air outlet, and the control unit to a helmet.

Clause 20. A system comprising:a duct including an internal air passage;one or more ultraviolet (UV) light emitters coupled to the duct, wherein the one or more UV light emitters are configured to emit UV light into air that passes through the internal air passage;an air inlet coupled to the duct, wherein the air inlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage;an air outlet coupled to the duct, wherein the air outlet is in fluid communication with the internal air passage, wherein the air inlet is in close proximity to the air outlet, and wherein the air inlet is disposed below the air outlet;a blower coupled to the duct, wherein the blower is configured to draw the air into the internal air passage through the air inlet, and discharge the air from the internal air passage through the air outlet, and wherein the air is disinfected within the internal air passage by the UV light emitted by the one or more UV light emitters;a microphone coupled to one or more of the duct, the air inlet, or the air outlet, wherein the microphone is configured to output audio signals;a power source that supplies power to the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, the control unit, and the sensor; anda control unit in communication with the one or more UV light emitters, the blower, and the sensor, wherein the control unit is configured to determine a breathing rate of an individual based on the audio signals, and wherein the control unit is configured to receive the audio signals from the microphone and control the one or more UV light emitters and the blower based on the audio signals.

As described herein, examples of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for disinfecting air, such as within a confined space (for example, an internal cabin of a vehicle).