Magnetomechanical system for reduction the recoil of a gun

A recoil reduction mechanism for a gun includes two successive springs cooperating with a cylinder, an axle and a magnet. The magnet attracts the gun's slide and the cylinder, in a direction opposite of the slide's and the cylinder's recoil direction. A third spring, because of its position and size, acts as an extra suspension for the gun's recoil, and as an accelerator for the slide's reciprocating motion.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A invention concerns a recoil mechanism for reducing the recoil of a gun. When a gun, as a mechanical system, is fired, the bullet travels along the gun's barrel and exits its muzzle. The resulting reactive force is imparted to the gun in the form of recoil. Apart from the gun's recoil phenomenon which is caused upon firing in the chamber because of the bullet's charge, the produced explosion gives to the gun's frame an instantaneous kinetic energy, annihilating any inertia phenomenon, which was prevailing in the reference system between the gun and the user before the explosion.

BACKGROUND ART

For the avoidance of the recoil phenomenon the current technology of portable guns like semi-automatic pistols, automatic pistols, submachine-guns and/or other heavy weaponry, the recoil systems use in most cases a recoil spring. Different technical solutions are used for the increase of the inertia of the reference system between the gun and the user, which nevertheless are restricted to small improvements in the present case, like:

1. By the addition of a mercury pouch on the gun's front end, so as to cause vertical resultant force, in order to increase the gun's inertia over the gun-barrel's recoil.

2. By gas escape from blow holes of the gun-barrel's top with a direction opposite of the gun's recoil direction upon shooting.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a recoil mechanism for a gun that reduces the adverse effect of recoil. The invention is based on a magnet's presence, which in cooperation with successive springs, of the same or different diameter, of coil or wire type, controls the acceleration and the deceleration of the slide's reciprocating motion in a gun. Also by the mechanical only method, wherein one of the successive springs, having the same axial or another axial arrangement level and in succession with the mentioned successive springs, takes part in the motion, with a time lag. This happens because the ends of one of the springs do not abut from the beginning reference points in the gun, but only after the firing of each bullet. The result of all this function is the greatest possible control of the gun's recoil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the drawings,FIGS. 1 and 2illustrate two embodiments of a recoil reduction mechanism for a gun, which both include a cylinder1having a large diameter portion that extends into a first spring5. The cylinder1is divided, by a diaphragm Y into two chambers, namely, a first or rear chamber A in the large diameter portion and a second or front chamber B in a small diameter portion of the cylinder1. In the embodiment ofFIG. 1, an axle4extends in both chambers A and B, and in the embodiment ofFIG. 2the axle4extends only in the first chamber A. A second, small diameter spring2is inserted in the first chamber A and a third, small diameter spring3is inserted in the second chamber B. A set screw6closes one end of chamber B and a rear end of axle4that is opposite from chamber B is threaded into a round nut7to fix the axle to the frame to which the nut7is fixed. This rear end of the axle4abuts the frame of the gun and by extension it abuts on the gun's handgrip. In the embodiment ofFIG. 1, an extension P of the axle4penetrates the set screw6and forms part or all of the base for the support of a magnet M, which magnet is locked by a locking nut E threaded to the front end of the axle extension P. Lines of magnetic force of magnet M, attract the front end of the slide K of the gun. In the embodiment ofFIG. 2, there is no axle extension but the magnet M is supported on a base9of the gun.

InFIG. 1the recoil mechanism for the gun having a gun-barrel R and the slide K, comprises the large diameter portion of cylinder1extending into the first spring5which has a rear end that abuts a flange T of the cylinder1. Spring5has a large diameter, and its opposite front end abuts the gun's slide K. The axle4is immobilized by its rear end diaphragm Y.

The second spring2in chamber A has a front end that abuts diaphragm Y and a rear end that abuts nut7.

When the springs5and2are installed in the slide K they are under a minimum compression. The third spring3is positioned in chamber B and is trapped by the set screw6, but since the length of the spring is shorter than chamber's length, the two ends of the spring3are at a distance, on the one hand, from the set screw's surface, and on the other hand, from the collar's surface.

The system's function upon firing is as follows.

An instant before the firing of the gun, the spring2and the spring5are under minimum compression while the spring3, which is positioned in the chamber B, is under zero compression. The front surface of the slide K under the gun-barrel muzzle and the front surface of the cylinder1, adjoin the magnet M.

Upon firing the force of the gases generated in the gun-barrel and on the slide, reach a point that overcomes the attraction between the magnet M and the slide K. The slide is then violently set into rearward motion, cutting the lines of force between it and the magnet. This start of the recoil action compresses the spring5which pushes the cylinder1to the rear. The spring2, and the magnet's attraction, does not permit the cylinder1to move immediately to recoil. Thereby the slide K continues its recoil until it hits a step S between the large and small diameter portions of the cylinder1.

At step or point S of the cylinder1, the slide K hits the cylinder1, and further compression of spring5is interrupted. As the gases continue to increase their pressure in the gun-barrel, they get to the point which is critical for the magnet's attraction on the cylinder. Here, the continuous recoil of the slide sets also the cylinder1to recoil, and pulls it away from the magnet M.

Upon this phase, the slide K, the spring5, the cylinder1and the set screw6, recoil as an assembly which compresses the spring2. Since the axle4is not moving towards any direction and since the cylinder1recoils, compressing meanwhile the spring2, the set screw6, because of the fact that it is screwed in the cylinder1, reduces the space that contains the spring3in the chamber B between the set screw6and the collar8. Up to this moment, wherein the expansion takes place from the bullet's firing, and which expansion acts over the slide K, only two springs function as a retroaction system, since they are positioned successively, to with the first spring5and the second spring2function as one. Since the slide's recoil is continued with decelerated movement, and with the movement of the cylinder also, and while the spring2approaches ⅗ completion, then the third spring3abuts on the set screw6and the collar8. The decelerated movement of the slide K and of the cylinder1meets the third spring3in total inertia, hence the spring3absorbs the most of the rest of the slide's recoil energy, before the spring3compresses to its maximum extent.

The result is that any further recoil of the slide before it hits the frame and since the gases' expansion is completed, the cylinder1and the slide K begin to move in opposite directions, with maximum acceleration, with the further result being improved firing speed of the gun. This is caused by the inertia of spring3, which acts as an extra powerful suspension against the slide, with direction opposite of the slide's recoil direction, hence minimizing the intensity and the duration of the recoil. The time lag, which is caused by the magnet's presence, causes the gases' maximum expansion and gives bigger initial speed to the bullet, with the consequence of the bullet's firing range increasing. The spring3has also positive effect on the slide's axial motion, since the slide's time of roll back to the initial position is faster.

Beyond the magnet's mentioned support method by the axle's extension, another magnet support method is by the use of a base, like the base9ofFIG. 2. In this case the base9is locked on the frame of the gun so as to be immovable and on which base the magnet M is positioned and attracts the cylinder1and the slide K. In this case, the extension of the axle doesn't need to be extended to the magnet, as this is depicted inFIG. 2.

The system may function also without a magnet, by using only the mechanical parts, but in this case the bullet will not have longer firing range.

Since the invention being expanded beyond its limits, but by the proper forming of the invention's main parts, like the cylinder's and axle's shape, the springs' resistance force and dimensions, while the spring3maintains the specifications of its freedom, the system can fit any gun type.