Photographic processor and method of operation

A modular photographic processor for processing a photosensitive material comprising a plurality of replaceable modular processing sections. The processor is made to be adjustable in size such that it can accommodate any desired number of replaceable processing stations.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a photographic processor and method of 
operation. 
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
This application is related to the following applications filed 
concurrently herewith: 
U.S. Ser. No. 07/724,096 of David G. Foster, Edgar P. Gates, and John H. 
Rosenburgh; 
U.S. Ser. No. 08/720,400 of David G. Foster, Edgar P. Gates, and John H. 
Rosenburgh; 
U.S. Ser. No. 720,403 of David G. Foster, Edgar P. Gates, and John H. 
Rosenburgh; 
U.S. Ser. No. 08/720,401 of Edgar P. Gates, and John H. Rosenburgh, and 
David G. Foster; 
U.S. Ser. No. 08/724,717 of Edgar P. Gates, and John H. Rosenburgh, and 
David G. Foster; 
U.S. Ser. No. 08/724,336 of Edgar P. Gates, and John H. Rosenburgh, and 
David G. Foster; and 
U.S. Ser. No. 08/724,798 of John H. Rosenburgh, David G. Foster, and Edgar 
P. Gates. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The processing of photographic sensitive material involves subjecting the 
photosensitive material to a series of processing steps. In a typical 
photographic processor, a continuous web of photosensitive material, or 
cut sheet of photosensitive material, is sequentially passed through a 
series of processing stations. Each station having a processing tank 
containing a different photographic processing solution appropriate for 
the processing step at that station. 
Photographic processing apparatus come in a variety of different sizes. A 
large photographic apparatus utilizes tanks containing approximately 100 
liters of processing solution, whereas a small microlab may utilize tanks 
that contain less than 10 liters of processing solution. In addition, 
there exist numerous different types of processing chemicals for 
processing different types of photosensitive material. For example, 
photographic film generally requires one type of processing chemicals and 
photographic paper requires a different type. Black and white film, for 
example, used in graphic art applications requires yet a different type 
processing chemical. There are also various types of processing chemicals 
for specific type materials. For example, color film may utilize C41, 
C41RA, E6, or Kodachrome processing chemicals. In addition to requiring 
different type processing chemicals, the time that the photosensitive 
material is required to spend in each processing tank may vary. Generally, 
a photographic processor is designed for one type processing chemical, or 
one type photosensitive material. If it can be converted to handle another 
processing chemical, this requires significant changes and modifications 
to the overall operation of the apparatus. In addition, the old processing 
chemicals must be flushed out so as to avoid contamination of the new 
processing chemicals. Thus, if a photofinisher wishes to handle various 
photosensitive materials that require various types of processing 
chemicals, it is necessary to purchase several different types of 
processing equipment, one for each type of processing chemical or process. 
This is expensive for the photofinisher. 
Another problem experienced by the photofinisher is that if an apparatus is 
not used frequently, the processing chemicals deteriorate and need to be 
replaced which adds additional expense and time. 
Thus, there exists a need in the prior art to provide a universal type 
processor that can handle a variety of different type processing chemicals 
and can be easily converted from one type of processing chemical or 
process to a different type. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a 
modular photographic processor for processing a photosensitive material 
comprising a plurality of replaceable modular processing sections, means 
for adjusting the size of the processor such that it can accommodate any 
desired number of replaceable processing stations. 
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is 
provided a modular photographic processor for processing a photosensitive 
material comprising a modular processing section containing at least one 
removable processing tank for holding a processing solution therein, the 
at least one removable processing tank having an outlet port and an inlet 
port, and mounting means for securing the at least one removable 
processing tank. 
The present invention provides a processor that can be easily adjusted to 
meet the needs of the user and allows the ability to adjust to new or 
different technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated an apparatus 10 for 
processing a photosensitive material such as film and/or paper. The 
apparatus includes a housing 12 which is mounted on a frame 14 which 
supports the housing 12 and various other components of the apparatus 10. 
The housing 12 provides a light-tight environment for the component 
contained therein as is well known to those skilled in photoprocessing. In 
the preferred embodiment illustrated, the frame 14 comprises a pair of 
channel members 16,18. Channel member 16 has a general C-shaped 
cross-section and is designed to slide within substantially C-shaped 
channel member 18, as illustrated in FIG. 3, so as to allow apparatus 10 
to be sized to accommodate the desired number of processing tanks. FIG. 4 
illustrates in the providing of two additional processing stations 
containing processing tanks 55,57. The channel members 16,18 (see FIG. 3) 
are each provided with slots 20,22, respectively, which are aligned such 
that a fastening means may pass between the slots 20,22 for securing the 
two members 16,18 together at the desired length. By sliding the channel 
members 16,18, respectively, the frame may be adjusted to the desired 
length to accommodate the desired number of processing stations. In the 
embodiment illustrated, fastening means comprises a threaded bolt 23 that 
is secured by a mating threaded nut 25. 
The apparatus 10 includes a control section 26 which includes a control 
panel 28 and a loading section 30 for loading of photosensitive material 
into the apparatus 10. The control panel 28 provides an operator interface 
for setting and controlling the operation of the apparatus 10. The control 
panel 28 is connected to a CPU (central processing unit/computer), 
contained internally of housing 12, which is used to control the apparatus 
as is customarily done in the art. In the particular embodiment 
illustrated, the loading section 30 includes three openings 32, each 
designed to receive a photosensitive material for processing. In the 
particular embodiment illustrated, openings 32 are each designed to 
receive photographic film. However, it is to be understood that the 
loading section 30 may be designed and configured to receive any type of 
photosensitive material, either in web or cut sheet form. 
The apparatus 10 includes a developing section 34 for developing of 
unprocessed photosensitive material which comprises a plurality of modular 
processing tanks 36,38,40,42,44. In the particular embodiment illustrated, 
processing tank 36 is designed to contain a developing processing 
solution, tank 38 is designed to hold a bleach/fix processing solution, 
and tanks 40,42,44 are designed to hold wash and/or stabilizer processing 
solutions. As previously noted, any desired number of tanks may be 
provided with appropriate processing solutions as required for processing 
of the photosensitive material. Each of the modular tanks is designed to 
be slideably mounted to one of the respective mounting bases 
46,48,50,52,54. In the particular embodiment illustrated, the bases 46,48 
are attached directly to frame 14, whereas bases 50,52,54 are mounted to 
spacer members 56,58,60, respectively. The base and/or spacer may be 
mounted to frame 14 in any conventional manner and the bases may be 
mounted to spacer members in any desired manner. The spacer members 
56,58,60 are provided because the tanks 40,42,44 are not as large as 
required for tanks 36,38. By providing the appropriately sized spacer 
member, the tank size can be adjusted so as to provide the desired amount 
of processing solution for the desired time period. 
A dryer 61 is provided adjacent tank 44 for drying of the photosensitive 
material. After the photosensitive material has passed through the dryer 
61, it leaves apparatus 10 through one of the exits 67. 
Adjacent each of the processing tanks 36,38,40,42,44 there is provided a 
recirculation section 62,64,66,68,70, respectively. Each of the modular 
recirculation sections 62,64,66,68,70 recirculate the processing solution 
through the adjacent modular processing tank. The modular recirculation 
sections may be mounted directly to the frame 14 or to the adjacent tank 
by any desired means. The modular recirculation sections are also 
described in greater detail later herein. 
The apparatus 10 further includes a plurality of modular replenishment 
sections 72,74,76,78,80, one fluidly connected to each of the modular 
recirculation sections 62,64,66,68,70, respectively. The modular 
replenishment sections provide replenishment solution to the processing 
solution in the recirculation system as is described in greater detail 
later herein. The modular replenishment section is mounted to the frame 
14, or adjacent recirculation system, by any desired means. The modular 
replenishment sections are described in greater detail later herein. 
Referring to FIG. 5, there is illustrated in schematic form a single 
processing section/station for one of the developing processing solutions. 
The station comprises a fluid flow of removable (replaceable) modular 
processing tank 36, removable (replaceable) modular recirculation section 
62, and replaceable modular replenishment section 72. The remaining 
processing sections for the other processing solutions are similarly 
constructed and operate in a like manner. Therefore, for the sake of 
clarity, only one processing section will be described in detail. In the 
embodiment illustrated, the processing section is of a low volume, thin 
tank type such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,179,404 and 5,400,106 
which are hereby incorporated by reference. In the particular embodiment 
illustrated, the processing tank 36 includes a removable rack 82 which 
forms a narrow processing channel 84 which contains the processing 
solution through which the photosensitive material is passed for 
processing. The tank 36 includes an outlet 86 which is connected to inlet 
87 of recirculation section 62 by a dripless valve connection (assembly) 
88. The inlet 90 is in turn connected to one end of conduit 92. The other 
end of conduit 92 is connected to a pump 96 through dripless valve 
connection 94. The pump 96 circulates the processing solution through the 
processing tank 36. The outlet 95 of pump 94 is fluidly connected to 
manifold 98 through a quick dripless valve connection 100 and conduit 102. 
The manifold 98 is fluidly connected to the modular replenishment section 
72 by a plurality of dripless valve connections 104,105,106. In the 
embodiment illustrated, the modular replenishment section 62 comprises a 
three-part replenishment. It is to be understood that the replenishment 
section 62 may comprise any number of parts and therefore may require more 
or less than the three dripless valve connections illustrated. The outlet 
99 of manifold 98 is fluidly connected to a manifold 107 by dripless valve 
connection 108 and conduits 110,112. The manifold 107 is connected to a 
heater 101 by a pair of quick disconnect dripless valve connections 
114,116 through outlet 117 and inlet 118. The fluid outlet 119 of manifold 
107 is fluidly connected to a third manifold 120 through another quick 
disconnect dripless valve connection 122 and conduits 124,126. The 
manifold 120 allows fluid to pass through filter assembly 128 through an 
outlet 129 and inlet 131 by a pair of quick disconnect connections 
130,132. The outlet 134 of manifold 120 is fluidly connected to a fourth 
manifold 136 through a quick disconnect connection 138 and the outlet 139 
of manifold 136 is fluidly connected to the inlet 140 of tank 36 by 
conduit 142 and a pair of quick disconnect connections 143,144. An 
optional treatment cartridge 146 is fluidly attached to manifold 136 by a 
pair of dripless valve connections 147,148. The tank 36 is provided with 
an overflow outlet 150 which is connected to an overflow tank 152 by a 
conduit 154 and pair of quick disconnect connections 155,156. The 
replenishment section 72 includes a replenishment tank 141 which is 
fluidly connected to recirculation section 62. 
In the preferred embodiment illustrated, conduits 
92,102,110,112,124,126,142 are flexible hoses which assist in the ease of 
connecting and disconnecting the dripless valve connections. 
All of the quick disconnect dripless valve connections/assemblies in the 
preferred embodiment are substantially the same in construction and 
operation which allow quick connection and/or disconnection of the 
adjacent items without any substantial leak or loss of processing solution 
contained therein. The connections 88,94,100,104,105,106,108,114,116,122, 
130,132,138,143,144,147,148,155,156 in the embodiment illustrated are 
referred to as "dripless valve connections (or assemblies)". An example of 
a suitable dripless valve connection is described in EPO Publication 
675,072, which is hereby incorporated by reference. For purposes of the 
present invention, a dripless valve connection shall mean a valve 
connection wherein little or substantially no fluid leaks occur upon 
connecting or disconnecting of the associated sections. 
For the sake of clarity, only one of the dripless connections will be 
described in detail, it being understood that the other connections are 
identical in form and operation. In the particular embodiment illustrated, 
the dripless connection 88 comprises a male half valve section 160, which 
mates with a female half valve section 162 so as to provide a fluid 
connection therebetween. The male or female sections may be placed either 
on the conduit or on the part being connected as desired. 
Referring to FIGS. 6,7, and 8, male half valve section 160 comprises a body 
member 164, and elongated proboscis member 166 is positioned 
concentrically with body member 164. Proboscis member 166 comprises a 
longitudinal channel 167 having a plurality of radial fluid ports 170 
which allow fluid to pass therethrough, and a fluid passage 172 to deliver 
or receive fluid. Ports 170 are positioned at a closed end portion 174 of 
channel 167. A movable block member 176, preferably a sleeve, is slideably 
mounted telescopically around proboscis member 166 for selectively opening 
and closing ports 170. A pair of resilient O-rings 177 provide a seal 
between member 176 and proboscis member 166 on either side of ports 170. A 
spring member 178 is captured between blocking member 176, a shoulder 179, 
and proboscis member 166 normally biasing block member 176 to the position 
illustrated in FIG. 6 in which ports 170 are closed or blocked. A radial 
flange 175 and block member 176 engage member 164 to limit movement of the 
block member 176. The body member 164 also includes a registration surface 
181 upon which a female half valve section 162 engages. 
Female mating half valve section 162 comprises a first body member 186; a 
plurality of entrance ports 188 for allowing fluid to pass therethrough; a 
hollow piston 190 slideably mounted within the body member 186 from a 
first position blocking entrance ports 188, shown in FIG. 7, to a second 
position, as illustrated in FIG. 8, opening entrance ports 188; and a 
spring member 192 captured between body 186 and piston 190 for normal lead 
biasing piston 190 to close ports 188. For ease of manufacture, ports 188 
may be located as pairs on opposite sides of body 186. A flared tip 189 is 
provided in first body member 186 which engages registration surface 181 
on blocking member 176. When the female half valve section 162 and male 
valve half section 160 are in the engaged position, see FIG. 8, ports 
170,188 are opened, which allows fluid to flow between the sections 
160,162 and, when disconnected, fluid does not flow between the sections 
allowing members to be disengaged. It is, of course, understood that 
various other dripless valve connections may be used as desired. The 
benefit in using the dripless valve connections illustrated is that they 
are easily and quickly disconnected or reconnected, thus allowing the 
parts to be assembled or disassembled in a quick and efficient manner 
without any substantial loss of fluid which could be damaging to the 
apparatus 10, the operator and/or the surrounding environment. 
Referring to FIG. 9, there is illustrated a partial perspective view of the 
apparatus of FIG. 1 illustrating base members 46,48,50,52,54 disposed on 
frame 14 and how tanks 36,38,40,42,44 are mounted to the bases 
46,48,50,52,54 respectively, and to recirculation modules 62-70, 
respectively. For the sake of clarity, the connection of tank 36 will be 
described as it relates only to the base and recirculation section 62, it 
being understood the remaining tank modules and recirculation modules are 
likewise constructed. Also, the recirculation section 62 is shown in 
phantom lines in this figure. In particular, the outlet 86 of tank 36 
includes male valve section 160, which is designed to be connected to 
mating female half valve section 162 on plate 73 of modular recirculation 
section. Similarly, inlet 140 of tank 36 comprises a male half valve 
section 160 designed to engage female half valve section 162 on the 
adjacent modular recirculation section 62. The base 46 has a mounting 
surface 191 which is provided with an upstanding longitudinal projection 
193 which is designed to mate with a correspondingly shaped opening 194 in 
the lower portion of tank 36. The tank 36 has bottom mounting surface 197 
designed to slide on surface 191 such that projection 193 will engage 
opening 194 between a pair of upstanding side projections 195,196 which 
are spaced apart a distance D such that they mate with the sides 198,199 
of the tank 36 for securely positioning of tank 36 with respect to base 
46. The tank 36 simply slides onto the base 46 from one end until the male 
half valve sections 160 connect with female half valve sections 162 when 
properly seated in the apparatus 10. As can be seen in the embodiment 
illustrated, projection 193 is located substantially in the center of the 
base 46 and is designed only to mate with developer designated tanks which 
are designed to have the appropriate size projection in the corresponding 
position. Thus, means are provided to prevent placement of an incorrect 
type processing tank at a particular location. In the embodiment 
illustrated the surface 197 of tank 36 slides on surface 191 of the base, 
if desired roller bearings may be incorporated into the tank and/or base 
to assist in the mounting of the tank on to its respective base. 
Referring to FIG. 10, the tank 36 is provided with a removable lid 200 
which is used to provide a sealing relationship with the access opening 
206 of the tank 36 which allows the photosensitive material to enter and 
exit the processing tank and also allows the placement and/or removal of 
any equipment therein for moving of the photosensitive material (for 
example, a processing rack). The lid 200 and dripless valves block all of 
the fluid entrances and exits of the tank, thus preventing spilling of 
processing solution that may be contained therein during transportation, 
storage, insertion, and removal of the tank from the processing apparatus 
10. During normal operation of the apparatus 10, the lid 200 is removed, 
thereby allowing photosensitive material to pass through the tank. 
Tank 40, which is designed to be placed in association with base 50, is 
similar in construction except that tank 40 is smaller in height due to 
the fact that less time is required in the processing solution for that 
particular station. To compensate for the height positioning of mating 
half valves 162, spacer member 56 is provided upon which base 50 is 
mounted and secured and which is engaged by the tank 40. In this 
embodiment, the base 50 has a projection 202 on one side which engages a 
correspondingly shaped recess 203 in the mating tank. The providing of 
different locations for projection 202 allows the easy discrimination of 
different type tanks containing different type processing chemicals. As 
previously discussed, tank 40 is designed to contain a wash and/or 
stabilization solution. This is in contrast to tank 36, which is designed 
to contain a developer solution, wherein the recess 194 is designed to 
mate with projection 193 and is disposed in the central area of the tank. 
Similarly, different locations can be provided to other types of 
processing tanks and processing chemicals. After the tanks are properly 
positioned in the seated position for normal operation, as illustrated in 
FIGS. 1 and 2, the lid 200 would be removed. 
As illustrated by FIG. 10, the lid 200 is designed to provide a sealing 
relationship with the opening 206 of tank 36. In the particular embodiment 
illustrated, a sealing rib 208 is provided on the periphery of the 
internal projecting portion 207 of the lid 200 which extends into and 
adjacent the inner surface 210 of the tank 36 such that when the lid 200 
is placed in the closed position, a liquid-tight seal is provided 
therebetween. In this embodiment, the lid 200 is held simply by frictional 
engagement between the lid 200 and the tank 36. However, the lid 204 may 
be held in a more secured manner so that accidental removal of the lid 
does not occur. Thus, it is possible to store the tank 36 with the 
processing solution contained therein. In the embodiment illustrated, the 
lid 200 is made of a plastic material and molded as a single piece. 
However, the lid 200 may be made of any desired material and the rib 208 
may be made of an elastomeric type material, e.g., rubber, and placed in a 
mating peripheral groove provided on the internal projecting portion 207. 
Referring to FIG. 11, there is illustrated a means for securing lid 200 to 
tank 36. In particular, there is provided a pair of handle screw members 
211 each having a threaded shaft 212 which extends through an opening 214 
in lid 200 and threadingly engages a corresponding threaded opening 213 in 
the adjacent side walls 215,216 of tank 36. A flange 217 is provided on 
shaft 212 for limiting movement of the member 211 by engaging the top 
surface of the lid 200. By turning the members 211 in a first direction 
causes the members 211 to engage the threaded openings 213 bringing the 
lid 200 in sealing relationship with the tank. When the member 211 is 
rotated in the opposite direction, this will disengage the member 211 from 
the openings 213 so as to allow removal of the lid 200. The members 211 
are each provided with a hand holding section 219 shaped such that it can 
be used for lifting and carrying of the tank assembly in the engaged 
position, and lifting of the lid when in the un-engaged position. 
Referring to FIG. 12, there is illustrated an alternate means for securing 
the lid 204 to the tank 36. In this particular embodiment, a flexible 
spring member 218 is provided at each corner which has a distal end having 
a projecting member 220 which engages a correspondingly shaped recess 221. 
The members 218 simply engage or disengage by either pushing the lid 204 
downwards so as to deflect members 218 until they reach their respective 
recess 221 wherein the projecting portion 221 engages the recess 221. To 
disengage, the members 218 are simply pulled in a direction to lift the 
lid 204 from the tank. 
Referring to FIG. 13, there is illustrated additional means for identifying 
the particular type of tank being inserted. Each tank is designed to hold 
a particular type processing solution. For example, but not by way of 
limitation, the tank may be designed to hold a developer, a bleach, a 
fixer, a wash, stabilizer, or any other appropriate processing solution. 
In order to further assure that appropriate tanks are placed at the right 
position in apparatus 10, in addition to providing physical means for 
identifying particular solutions such as the projections 193,202 
illustrated in FIG. 9, additional means may be provided to further 
identify and double-check as to the appropriate type container/tank and 
particular type processing solution contained therein and also provide 
means for keeping track of the age and history of the processing 
chemicals. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, a bar-code 226 can be 
placed on the back side wall 228 of tank 36 at a location such that it 
will be adjacent a bar-code reader 236 that is secured to the adjacent 
modular recirculation section or frame 14. Thus, when the tank is properly 
seated, the bar-code reader 230 will read bar-code 226 to identify the 
particular type tank it is and the particular type processing chemicals 
contained therein. The CPU 10 can also keep a running history of the 
processing chemicals to assure that appropriate requirements are 
maintained. 
As previously discussed, projection 193 is used to stop incorrect placement 
of one type tank at a particular location. In place of providing a 
projection such as 193, a recess 232 may be provided in the back side wall 
228 of the tank which will engage a microswitch 234 provided in the 
recirculation module or base upon which the tank rests. The microswitch 
234, if not properly engaged in the corresponding recess 122, will provide 
an appropriate signal to the CPU identifying that an incorrect tank has 
been placed in that position or that the tank is not properly seated. This 
information can be used to display a warning to the operator and prevent 
operation of the apparatus. 
FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate further alternate means for identifying 
particular type tanks and processing chemicals. For example, in FIG. 14, a 
pair of recesses 236 are provided in side wall 238 of tank 36 which mate 
with a pair of logic pin assemblies 240. The logic pin assemblies 240, if 
not properly engaged, will produce a signal and send it to the CPU 
identifying that an incorrect tank has been placed at that location. FIG. 
15 illustrates a three logic pin arrangement which is designed to engage 
two openings. The number and locations of the pins may be adjusted to 
identify as many types of processing solutions as desired. 
Referring to FIG. 16, there is illustrated one of the logic pin assemblies 
240 used in FIGS. 14 and 15. In particular, the logic pin assemblies 240 
each include a front plate 242 having an opening 244 through which a pin 
243 passes. The assembly 240 further includes a magnetic collar 246 which 
surrounds a magnetic portion 248 in pin 243. A spring 252 is used to bias 
pin 243 in a predetermined position. When the pin 243 is not in the 
appropriate position, and/or when the pin 243 is in the appropriate 
position, as illustrated in FIG. 16, an appropriate signal is sent to the 
CPU indicating that the particular pin is in the appropriate position. 
However, if any one of the pins 243 of pin assemblies 2240 are not in the 
appropriate position, this information will be passed onto the CPU, 
whereby the apparatus 10 will be prevented from being operated in this 
condition and the appropriate error message or warning will be provided. 
It is, of course, understood that various other logic and type devices may 
be used for indicating incorrect placement of the correct tank. 
Referring to FIG. 17, there is illustrated an electrical connector 250 
having a male section 253 and a female section 254. Either the male or 
female section is connected to the tank, and the other section is 
connected to the base and/or modular recirculation section associated 
therewith. When the tank is properly engaged in the seated position for 
operation, locating pins 256 provided in male section 253 will properly 
engage openings 258 in female section 254, thereby allowing electrical 
connection between electrical wires 260 in male section 253 and wires 266 
in female section 254. The electrical wires 264 are connected to pins 268 
which engage female connection 270 which are connected to wires 266. The 
wires 266 are each connected to various type sensors, for example sensors 
for measuring the temperature, fluid level, and any other desired feature 
or condition of the processor. The information obtained by the various 
sensors is relayed to the CPU through wires 266. The electrical 
connections and fluid connection are such that electrical connections are 
provided when the tank is fully seated in apparatus 10 and ready for 
operation. If the CPU senses that appropriate amount of fluid or 
electrical connection has not been achieved, the CPU will prevent 
operation of the apparatus until this fault is corrected. 
Referring to FIG. 18, there is illustrated an elevational view of modular 
recirculation section 62 which is designed to be mounted to frame 14 by 
any desired mounting technique. The modular recirculation section 62 
includes parts previously described and illustrated in FIG. 5, like 
numerals indicating like parts. In particular, the modular recirculation 
section 62 includes a housing 280 upon which the various components are 
mounted. It is to be understood that the components may be mounted by any 
appropriate technique and in any particular configuration. Additionally, 
modular section 62 may be modified to provide additional items not shown, 
or by the elimination of certain elements/parts not needed. For example, 
if the heater 101 is not needed, it can be simply removed or bypassed. The 
recirculating processing solution would simply flow through manifold 99. 
The modular recirculation section 62 includes the male half valve section 
160 of connectors 103,104,105 which are designed to be connected to female 
section 162 of replenishment modular section 72. 
Referring to FIG. 19, there is illustrated an elevational view of modular 
replenishment section 72 which includes elements illustrated in FIG. 5, 
like numerals indicating like parts. The modular replenishment section 72 
may be attached directly to the frame or base. Preferably, as illustrated, 
means are provided for detachably mounting the replenishment section 72 to 
the associated modular recirculation section 62. In the particular 
embodiment illustrated, the modular replenishment section 72 is secured by 
over-the-center latches 282 which engage projection 284 on section 72. A 
pair of guide members 286 are provided for guiding the attachment and 
positioning of the two sections. Replenishment section 72 includes a 
housing 290 having a replaceable replenishment reservoir section 292 for 
supplying the individual chemical processing component used to make the 
replenishment solution. In the embodiment illustrated, a three-part system 
is used, thus, section 292 comprises three separate fluid containing 
compartments 297,298,299, each compartment containing a different chemical 
component. While each of the compartments are illustrated as having the 
same size, each compartment may be sized in the appropriate ratio so that 
each compartment will be emptied at substantially the same time. Each 
compartment includes a half male valve section 160 which is designed to 
engage an associated female half valve section 162 so as to provide a 
dripless valve connection. FIG. 19 illustrates the compartment 292 just 
prior to engagement with housing 290. Housing 290 includes three pumps 
302,304,306, each having an inlet 308 in fluid connection to its 
associated female half valve section 62 by conduits 310,312,314, 
respectively. A motor 316 is provided in association with each of the 
pumps 302,304,306 for accurately providing the appropriate amount of 
chemical solution from each compartment. The outlet 319 of each of the 
pumps 302,304,306 is fluidly connected to the male half valve section 160 
of connections 104,105,106 respectively, by conduits 322,324,326. Each 
motor is electrically connected and controlled by the CPU through wire 
cables 330,332,334 through connectors 336,337,338 which mate with 
connectors 339,341,341. 
In the particular embodiment illustrated, liquid replenishment solutions 
are provided. However, the present invention is not so limited. For 
example, sold material in the form of tablets, particles, flakes, etc., 
may be provided whereby the replenishment solution is mixed in desired 
quantities in the modular replenishment section 72 and then forwarded to 
the recirculation section 62. 
The present invention provides a system that allows versatility in both 
converting the apparatus to various type chemistries, but also allows 
customizing of chemistries. Additionally the present invention provides 
for the quick and easy replacement of various sections and/or components 
for repair, maintenance or for any other reason. The providing of modular 
tanks, recirculation sections, and replenishment sections allows the 
photofinishing manufacturer or the photofinishing operator to construct or 
modify a photographic processor to handle any desired photographic 
material, e.g., paper or film, and any desired processing chemicals with 
minimal effort. The present invention also provides for simple and easy 
incorporation of future developments. The expandable feature of the 
apparatus allow for greater versatility for the user with a minimal cost 
and time. The various safeguards provided by the present invention also 
minimize the risk that an incorrect tank will be placed in the apparatus 
for processing any particular type photographic material. Information 
regarding how the apparatus is to be operated is initially entered into 
the CPU, for example, the photosensitive material to be processed and the 
type processing chemicals to be utilized. The CPU is preprogrammed with 
the recommended chemical processing parameters for each photographic 
material to be processed. The appropriate modular tanks and recirculation 
sections and replenishment section are mounted to the apparatus 10. 
Sensors provided on the apparatus send information to the CPU as to the 
actual sections and tanks that have been mounted to the apparatus. This 
information is automatically compared with the selected settings 
preprogrammed into the apparatus 10 for the particular processing selected 
or programmed. If all is in order, the apparatus will operate. However, if 
all is not in order, the CPU will prevent operation until corrective 
measures are taken to correct the setup. If desired, appropriate override 
controls may be incorporated so that the operator can disengage the 
lockout features so that different type chemistries can be used to obtain 
the desired effect to the photofinishing processing, for example, for 
pushing of a chemical process for achieving a desired artistic effect or 
for any other reason. 
The present invention also allows the user to follow the history and use of 
the apparatus and the various components used on the apparatus. For 
example, each of the modular section and/or component can be provided with 
an identification number for that particular section or component. This 
information can be automatically read form the module or component when it 
is installed on the apparatus 10 by appropriate sensors provided, or 
manually entered. This information can be read and stored in the CPU for 
reference by the user. Thus, the user can monitor the history of the 
apparatus and the various individual modules and/or components used and 
the various chemical processing solutions contained in the various tanks 
and components. This information can also be used to assist in diagnosing 
any processing problems being experienced by the apparatus. The modularity 
of the apparatus also assists in trouble shooting processing problems and 
parameters. 
The present invention is also very useful for use in research and 
development efforts in evaluating new and different processing set-ups. 
The quick and easy conversion of the processor allows the product 
developer to investigate various different systems and also allows quicker 
and more efficient testing at research locations and at beta test sites 
which can result in reducing the time it takes to get a new product to 
market. 
In addition to the ability of handling different types of processing 
chemicals, the present invention provides the ability to change any one of 
the individual components separately in the recirculation section and/or 
replenishment section, allowing for further customization of the 
processing system. For example, different type filter assemblies and/or 
treatment modules may be provided to allow customization of specific 
processing chemicals. Since dripless type connections are employed 
throughout, individual components can be quickly and easily changed. 
Further, since the present invention is directed to a low volume thin tank 
processing system, relatively little processing solution is contained in 
the tanks and/or individual components. This minimizes the amount of 
processing solution that could be wasted if the processing solution 
degrades and the processing solution within the component must be 
discarded. 
In order to minimize storage of the individual components, the various 
components, such as filter assemblies and treatment modules, are designed 
for stacking. For example, the top of a filter assembly can be configured 
to receive the bottom of a filter assembly. Thus, they could then be 
stacked one upon the other minimizing the storage space necessary for 
maintaining a number of filter assemblies as illustrated in FIG. 28. It is 
to be understood the various other components, for example heater 
treatment cartridges, tanks, etc., can be made to stack in a similar 
fashion. 
In order to further assist in identifying components for particular type 
processing chemicals, the individual components are color coded in 
accordance with the color schemes used to identify recirculation sections 
and replenishment sections. If desired, these individual components can 
also be provided with means which provide an identifying signal that can 
be sent to the CPU for identification so that the specific characteristics 
of that component that can be compared with the required components for 
the processing chemicals selected. 
In many situations in converting from one type processing chemical to 
another, it is only necessary to change the processing tank. In such a 
case, the first tank is removed and replaced with a second processing tank 
containing the desired processing solution. If necessary, a fresh 
replenishment section containing the desired processing chemicals is 
secured to the apparatus and fluidly connected to its associated 
recirculation section. Then, a flushing cycle is conducted wherein a wash 
or other type solution is circulated through the processing tank and 
recirculation system and then sent to drain so as to remove any harmful 
residue remaining from the previous processing chemicals. This flushing 
cycle can also be applied if one of the components is replaced and there 
is a need to flush the system. Thereafter, fresh processing chemicals are 
provided to the processing tank and the apparatus is operated in its 
normal manner. The use of a low volume thin tank type processor (LVTT) 
with the present invention further minimizes loss of processing solutions 
if and when the processing solution must be replenished and/or discarded. 
As illustrated in FIG. 2, more than one film path is provided for 
processing the photosensitive material through the processor at one time. 
In the particular embodiment illustrated, at least three different 
photosensitive materials may be provided. Thus, there exists the 
possibility of processing two different types of material wherein certain 
processing solutions may be passed through for one type photosensitive 
material and certain other tanks are used for other types of material. 
Referring to FIG. 20, there are schematically illustrated two different 
paths A and B that the photosensitive material may take through the 
processing tanks 36,38,40,42,44. In the embodiment illustrated, the film 
is illustrated coming out of supply cartridges 340 and past bar-code 
scanner 342. The scanner 342 will identify the type of photosensitive 
material to be processed through paths A and B. This can be compared with 
the photoprocessing chemicals setup for each path as determined by the CPU 
and if there is any consistency between the type of processing chemicals 
necessary to process the photosensitive material and the processing 
chemicals placed in the apparatus through which it is to be passed. An 
error message may be displayed and/or stopping of the device may occur 
until such situation is appropriately corrected or overridden as desired 
by the operator. 
Paths A and B illustrate different paths for the different photosensitive 
materials. Path A is similar to path B, except that the photosensitive 
material does not pass through tank 42. It is to be understood that any 
desired processing path may be made. As additional tanks are provided, 
various additional different paths may be established for various 
different photosensitive materials. 
Referring to FIGS. 21A and 21B, there is illustrated a mechanism 348 used 
for transporting and diverting photosensitive material through or past 
each of the tanks. In particular, there is provided a first guide roller 
350 and an adjacent pair of guide members 352,354 located at the entrance 
of channel 84 of tank 36. Similarly, an exit guide roller 351 is provided 
at the exit of the channel 84 of tank 36 which also has a pair of guide 
members 358,360 associated therewith. In FIG. 21A, the members 
352,354,358,360 are positioned to direct paper into and out of the 
processing tank. Referring to FIG. 21B, the members 352,354,358,360 are 
moved to a disengaged position which results in the photosensitive 
material bypassing the tank 36 and moving over to the next processing tank 
where the photosensitive material will then be passed through. 
FIGS. 22A and 22B are side elevational views of FIGS. 21A and 21B, 
respectively, illustrating a mechanism 370 which may be used for 
positioning of the guide members 352,354,358,360 in the engaged or 
disengaged position. In particular, there is provided a solenoid 372, as 
illustrated in FIG. 22A, which engages a diverting member 374 having a 
configuration which causes the photosensitive material in conjunction with 
the guide members 352,354,35,360 to go into and exit the processing tank, 
and when in the position illustrated in FIG. 22B, guides the 
photosensitive material such that it passes onto the next processing 
station. As illustrated in FIGS. 22A and 22B a path A is formed between 
the guide rollers 350, 351, guide members 352,354,358,360 and diverting 
member 374 for guiding the photosensitive material into and out of the 
tank. When it is desired to by-pass a particular tank, the solenoid 372 is 
energized so as to move members 354 and 358 such that the photosensitive 
material is diverted past the tank as illustrated by path B in FIGS. 21B 
and 22B. In the embodiment illustrated, the guide members 354,358 pivot 
about hinge point 359. Also in the embodiment illustrated, a single 
diverting member 374 is used, however, depending on the size of the tank, 
two individual diverting members 374 may be used, one at the entrance of 
the tank and one at the exit of the tank. It is, of course, understood 
that various other mechanisms may be used as appropriate or desired. 
Referring to FIG. 23, there is illustrated a storage container 380 having a 
shelf 382. As can be seen, a plurality of developer tanks 384,386,388,390 
(tanks that are designated to hold developer processing solution) are 
stored on shelf 382. In the particular embodiment illustrated, each of the 
tanks is assigned to hold a different processing chemical which can be 
identified by an appropriate bar-coding on the back. Additionally, a color 
coding scheme can be used to identify the type of tank and processing 
chemicals contained therein. For example, tank 384 can be directed to 
process C-41 developer and tank 386 can be directed to process RA-4 
developer. Likewise, tank 388 could be directed to process E-6 developer 
and tank 396 could be directed to black and white developer. These 
features of the tank can all be identified by providing different colors 
for different processing chemicals. For example, tanks that contain 
developer solution can be red with different shades identifying different 
developer chemistries. The opening 194 on the bottom will also indicate 
that they are all developer tanks. Likewise, tanks 392,394, which are 
directed to bleach tanks, can be similarly identified. 
In the embodiment illustrated, the tanks are simply placed on shelf 382 in 
a storage cabinet. However, if desired, the tanks may be placed on an 
associated base 391 on lower shelf 395 as illustrated FIG. 23. As can be 
seen, a plurality of tanks 398, e.g. wash tanks, are provided along with 
their associated bases 391. Additionally, stabilizer tanks 406 are also 
illustrated. It is to be understood that various types of color schemes 
and shaped locating projections may be provided for easy identification. 
Likewise, the tanks can all have bar-codes which can be read by 
appropriate means to identify not only the particular type of tank it is, 
but the type of processing chemicals contained thereon. If desired, the 
tanks may be placed in a climate controlled environment to further enhance 
the storage life of the processing chemicals. 
Referring to FIGS. 24, 25, and 26, there is illustrated an apparatus 410 
made in accordance with the present invention. Apparatus 410 is similar to 
apparatus 10 in concept and operation, like numerals indicating like parts 
and operation. However, instead of having a plurality of processing tanks 
placed side by side, the processing tanks of apparatus 410 are positioned 
in a vertical stacked arrangement. Apparatus 410 can employ low volume 
thin tank processing modules such as illustrated and described in U.S. 
Pat. Nos. 5,420,658; 5,347,337; and 5,335,190; which are hereby 
incorporated by reference. The apparatus 410 includes a plurality of 
modular processing modules 420,422,424,426,428,430, and dryer 432. An 
example of a suitable construction for the modules 420,422,424,426,428,430 
is illustrated in FIG. 27 wherein there is provided a container 511; an 
entrance roller assembly 512; transport roller assemblies 513; exit 
transport roller assembly 515; and high impingement nozzle assemblies 
517a,517b,517c. The nozzle assemblies and transport assemblies form a 
processing channel 525 through which the photosensitive material passes. 
Appropriate drive means, not shown, are provided for driving the transport 
roller assemblies. Further details of construction and operation are 
described in the '658, '337 and '190 references previously referred to and 
incorporated herein. A plurality of recirculation sections 
440,442,444,446,448,450 are provided which are fluidly connected to the 
adjacent processing tanks, respectively. Adjacent each of the 
recirculation sections there is provided a replenishment section 
352,354,356,358,360,362, respectively. A dryer module 432 dries the 
photosensitive material. 
As best seen by reference to FIG. 25, the apparatus 410 includes a frame 
420 on which the processing modules, recirculation modules, and dryer 
module are substantially horizontally slideably mounted. The back side of 
the modules is provided with appropriate fluid connections and electrical 
connections as previously described and as best seen by referring to FIG. 
25 which illustrates an perspective view of a mating section 371 secured 
to frame 420. In the preferred embodiment, mating section 371 is the front 
end of the mating modular recirculation section. 
In order to provide stability to the apparatus 410, a slideable support 
member 479 base is provided that can be slid out so that the base will be 
stabilized so that the modular unit can be slide out with tipping of the 
apparatus. The member 479 is normally in the retracted position beneath 
the apparatus so that it is out of the way. 
Referring to FIG. 26, there is illustrated in schematic form the path of 
the photosensitive material as it passes through apparatus 410. The 
photosensitive material 476 enters into developer section 430 through 
entrance opening 478 and exits through opening 480, which is aligned with 
opening 482 of fix tank 432. Likewise, the photosensitive material 476 
passes aligned exits and entrances in adjacent tanks until it exits the 
dryer 432 through exit 496. 
For the purpose of the present invention, a low volume thin channel or low 
volume thin tank processing apparatus (LVTT) shall mean an apparatus 
wherein the processing section 36 has a small volume for holding 
processing solution and a narrow processing channel 84 is provided for 
subjecting the photosensitive material to the processing solution. The 
processing channel 84, for a processor used for photographic paper, should 
have a thickness t equal to or less than about 50 times the thickness of 
the paper being processed, preferably a thickness t equal to or less than 
about 10 times the paper thickness. In a processor for processing 
photographic film, the thickness t of the processing channel 25 should be 
equal to or less than about 100 times the thickness of photosensitive 
film, preferably, equal to or less than about 18 times the thickness of 
the photographic film. An example of a processor made in accordance with 
the present invention which processes paper having a thickness of about 
0.008 inches would have a processing channel thickness t of about 0.080 
inches, and a processor which processes film having a thickness of about 
0.0055 inches would have a processing channel thickness t of about 0.10 
inches. 
The total volume of the processing solution within the processing section 
36 and recirculation section 62 is relatively small as compared to prior 
art conventional tank type processors. A LVTT processor made in accordance 
with the present invention is made in accordance with the following 
relationships: 
EQU V.sub.S =V.sub.T +V.sub.C +V.sub.R 
EQU V.sub.T .gtoreq.0.4V.sub.S 
EQU V.sub.C .gtoreq.0.1V.sub.T 
Wherein: 
V.sub.T is the volume of processing solution present in the processing tank 
or module. 
V.sub.T is the volume of processing solution present in the processing 
channel. 
V.sub.R is the amount of processing solution present in the recirculation 
system for the processing section. 
V.sub.S is the volume of processing solution present in the entire 
processor. 
Preferably, a LVTT processor is made in accordance with the following 
relationships: 
EQU V.sub.T .gtoreq.0.75V.sub.S 
EQU V.sub.C .gtoreq.0.5V.sub.T 
Most preferably, a LVTT processor is made in accordance with the following 
relationships: 
EQU V.sub.T .gtoreq.0.75V.sub.S 
EQU V.sub.C .gtoreq.0.75V.sub.T 
Typically, the amount of processing solution available in the system will 
vary depending on the size of the processor, that is, the amount of 
photosensitive material the processor is capable of processing. For 
example, a typical prior art microlab processor, a processor that 
processes up to about 5 ft.sup.2 /min of photosensitive material (which 
generally has a transport speed less than about 50 inches per minute) has 
about 17 liters of processing solution as compared to about 5 liters for a 
processor made in accordance with the present invention. With respect to 
typical prior art minilabs, a processor that processes from about 5 
ft.sup.2 /min to about 15 ft.sup.2 /min of photosensitive material (which 
generally has a transport speed from about 50 inches/min to about 120 
inches/min) has about 100 liters of processing solution as compared to 
about 10 liters for a processor made in accordance with the present 
invention. With respect to large prior art lab processors that process up 
to 50 ft.sup.2 /min of photosensitive material (which generally have 
transport speeds of about 7 to 60 ft/min) they typically have from about 
150 to 300 liters of processing solution as compared to a range of about 
15 to 100 liters for a large processor made in accordance with the present 
invention. A minilab sized processor made in accordance with the present 
invention is typically designed to process 15 ft.sup.2 of photosensitive 
material per minute and would have about 7 liters of processing solution 
as compared to about 17 liters for a typical prior art processor. 
It is to be understood that various other changes and modifications may be 
made without departing from the scope of the present invention, the 
present invention being limited by the following claims. 
Parts List 
10 . . . apparatus 
12 . . . housing 
14 . . . frame 
16,18 . . . channel members 
55,57 . . . processing sections 
20,22 . . . slots 
23 . . . threaded bolt 
25 . . . threaded nut 
26 . . . control section 
28 . . . control panel 
30 . . . loading section 
32 . . . openings 
34 . . . developing section 
36,38,40,42,44 . . . modular processing tanks 
40,42,44 . . . tanks 
46,48,50,52,54 . . . mounting bases 
56,58,60 . . . spacer members 
61 . . . dryer 
67 . . . exits 
62,64,66,68,70 . . . modular recirculation section 
72,74,76,78,80 . . . modular replenishment sections 
82 . . . rack 
84 . . . processing channel 
86 . . . outlet 
88 . . . dripless valve connection (assembly) 
90 . . . inlet 
92 . . . conduit 
96 . . . pump 
94 . . . dripless valve connection 
95 . . . outlet 
98 . . . manifold 
99 . . . outlet 
100 . . . quick dripless valve connection 
101 . . . heater 
102 . . . conduit 
104,105,106 . . . dripless valve connections 
108 . . . dripless valve connection 
110,112 . . . conduits 
107 . . . manifold 
101 . . . heater 
114,116 . . . quick disconnect dripless valve connections 
117 . . . outlet 
118 . . . inlet 
119 . . . fluid outlet 
122 . . . quick disconnect dripless valve connection 
124,126 . . . conduits 
120 . . . manifold 
128. . . . filter assembly 
129 . . . outlet 
131 . . . inlet 
130,132 . . . quick disconnect connections 
134 . . . outlet 
136 . . . manifold 
138 . . . quick disconnect connection 
139 . . . outlet 
140 . . . inlet 
142 . . . conduit 
143,144 . . . quick disconnect connections 
146 . . . treatment cartridge 
147,148 . . . dripless valve connections 
150 . . . overflow outlet 
152 . . . overflow tank 
154 . . . conduit 
155,156 . . . quick disconnects 
141 . . . replenishment tank 
88,94,100,103,104,105,108,114,116,122,130,132,138,143,144,147,148,155,156 . 
. . connections 
160 . . . male half valve section 
162 . . . female half valve section 
164 . . . body member 
166 . . . proboscis member 
167 . . . longitudinal channel 
170 . . . radial fluid ports 
172 . . . fluid passage 
174 . . . closed end portion 
176 . . . movable block member 
177 . . . resilient O-rings 
178 . . . spring member 
179 . . . shoulder 
175 . . . radial flange 
181 . . . registration surface 
186 . . . body member 
188 . . . entrance ports 
190 . . . hollow piston 
192 . . . spring member 
180,188 . . . ports 
73 . . . front mating plate 
193 . . . longitudinal projection 
194 . . . opening 
197 . . . bottom mounting surface 
191 . . . surface 
195,196 . . . side projections 
198,199 . . . sides 
200 . . . lid 
202 . . . projection 
203 . . . recess 
204 . . . lid 
206 . . . opening 
208 . . . sealing rib 
210 . . . inner surface 
207 . . . internal projecting portion 
211 . . . handle screw member 
212 . . . threaded shaft 
214 . . . opening 
213 . . . corresponding threaded opening 
215,216 . . . side walls 
219 . . . hand holding section 
218 . . . flexible spring member 
220 . . . projecting member 
221 . . . recess 
226 . . . bar-code 
228 . . . back side wall 
236 . . . bar-code reader 
230 . . . bar-code reader 
232 . . . recess 
234 . . . microswitch 
236 . . . pair of recesses 
238 . . . side wall 
240 . . . logic pins 
242 . . . front plate 
244 . . . opening 
246 . . . magnetic collar 
248 . . . magnetic portion 
252 . . . spring 
250 . . . electrical connector 
253 . . . male section 
254 . . . female section 
256 . . . locating pins 
258 . . . openings 
260 . . . electrical wires 
266 . . . wires 
264 . . . electrical wires 
268 . . . pin 
270 . . . female connection 
280 . . . housing 
282 . . . over-the-center latches 
284 . . . projection 
286 . . . guide members 
290 . . . housing 
292 . . . replaceable replenishment reservoir section 
297,298,299 . . . fluid containing compartments 
302,304,306 . . . pumps 
308 . . . inlet 
310,312,314 . . . conduits 310,312,314 
316 . . . motor 
319 . . . outlet 
322,324,326 . . . conduits 
330,332,334 . . . wire cables 
336,337,338,339,341,343 . . . connectors 
340 . . . supply cartridges 
342 . . . bar-code scanner 
348 . . . mechanism 
350 . . . guide roller 
352,354 . . . guide members 
351 . . . guide roller 
358,360 . . . guide members 
359 . . . hinge point 
352,354,358,360 . . . members 
370 . . . mechanism 
372 . . . solenoid 
374 . . . diverting member 
380 . . . storage container 
382 . . . shelf 
384,386,388,390 . . . tanks 
395 . . . shelf 
396 . . . tank 
392,394 . . . tanks 
391 . . . base 
396 . . . shelf 
410 . . . apparatus 
420,422,424,426,428,430 . . . modular processing modules 
432 . . . dryer 
511 . . . container 
512 . . . entrance roller assembly 
513 . . . transport roller assemblies 
515 . . . exit transport roller assembly 
517a,517b,517c . . . high impingement nozzle assemblies 
525 . . . processing channel 
440,442,444,446,448,450 . . . recirculation sections 
470 . . . frame 
472 . . . back side 
371 . . . mating section 
476 . . . photosensitive material 
460 . . . developer section 
478 . . . entrance opening 
470 . . . support member 
480 . . . opening 
462 . . . fix tank 
476 . . . photosensitive material 
496 . . . exit