Pneumatic product vending system and product loader therefor

A pneumatic product vending and delivery system is provided which preferably uses an existing product vending machine as a storage and loading device for use in a pneumatic vending and delivery system along with an interface unit in place of the vending machine door. A product dispensing terminal is provided that is connected by the delivery tube of a pneumatic conveyor from the storage and loading device, which has a loading mechanism configured to load a product dispensed by the dispensing mechanism into the delivery tube. The pneumatic conveyor includes a back pressure source operable to apply reverse pressure to a product in the delivery tube to gently slow a product approaching the product dispensing terminal through the tube. A gate is selectively moveable into and out of the path of a product proximate the outlet end of the delivery tube to stop a product slowed by the back pressure source and to release the stopped product for delivery to a customer at the product dispensing terminal. A pressure control valve is connected to the output end of the delivery tube to control the release of air from the delivery tube ahead of the product to gradually decelerate the product approaching the dispensing terminal. The loading mechanism includes a moveable member connected at one end to a blower and having an open end configured to receive a product dispensed by the dispensing mechanism and to seal the inlet end of the delivery tube with the received product positioned between the blower and the tube. The moveable member is preferably a bucket shaped element pivotally mounted to move between an open position for receiving a product dispensed by the dispensing mechanism and a closed position sealing the inlet to the deliver tube.

FIELD OF INVENTION 
This invention relates to the vending, delivery and dispensing of 
individually packaged products, particularly products such as items of 
food, and more particularly to individually packaged beverages. The 
invention particularly relates to the delivery and dispensing of food and 
other vended products, and to the construction and control of automated 
product vending and storage systems. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Much of the merchandising of food and beverages and the vending of a large 
number of other retail products occurs in circumstances that are ancillary 
to some other marketing activity by which other products and services are 
sold. That other activity is the primary attraction that brings the 
customer onto the business premises of the merchant or causes the customer 
to enter into a business relationship with the merchant. On the occasions 
of the presence on such business premises, such guests or customers often 
have a demand for other products, such as food or beverage products, and 
become potential customers for the merchandising of such other products. 
Applicant has, in the related applications referred to above, provided 
systems and methods that fill various needs that have existed in the 
vending of products, particularly beverages and other packaged food 
products, to customers of preexisting enterprises. Applicant's system has 
provided for the automatic pneumatic transfer of vended products from a 
remote storage location to a vending terminal at which a customer may 
enter a selection through a control panel. Applicant's system and method 
are particularly effective for the vending of beverages in their own cans 
or plastic bottles by blowing air directly against the bottles to move 
them through a tube. Applicant's system and method provides for the 
charging or accounting for the purchase by utilizing the charge and 
payment capabilities of a diverse vending system, such as a gasoline 
dispensing and vending system, to which applicant's system is connected. 
In the course of implementing applicant's pneumatic vending system, the 
need arises for automatically loading products of various types into the 
pneumatic delivery system, particularly where different potential products 
may be diverse in shape and require different handling and storage 
requirements. Custom adaptation of a pneumatic vending system to various 
products is undesirable, particularly because it increases the cost of 
installation of the system and limits flexibility of use of the system for 
changing product requirements. 
Further, existing automated vending systems such as those that employ 
individual automated vending machines, represent a substantial capital 
investment in refrigerated storage units and product selection hardware. 
Replacement of such machines to provide their functions in a substitute 
vending system presents an additional undesirable expense which can deter 
upgrading the system in certain cases. 
In addition, in the vending of carbonated beverages in plastic bottles, 
product agitation causes greater problems than with beverages vended in 
cans. With bottles, the narrow bottle neck has a greater likelihood to 
propel liquid from the bottle as a result of the release of gases from the 
beverage than in the case of beverages vended in cans. The differing 
structural properties of plastic and metal container walls might also 
contribute to this effect. 
Accordingly, there remains a need in the retailing industry, particularly 
for the sale of cooled beverages, or other temperature-maintained, cooled 
or heated food items at locations such as gas stations, for selectively 
loading such products into a product delivery system and for carefully 
handling the products during their loading and delivery. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
A primary objective of the present invention is to provide a method and 
system for merchandising products to customers in situations and at 
locations where it has previously been inconvenient or expensive to do so, 
particularly where it is difficult or impractical to store the products at 
the point of sale without undue human labor to sell and deliver the 
product into the hands of the customer. 
A particular objective of the present invention is to provide a vending 
system that will automatically load, deliver and dispense or otherwise 
present products to customers and to allow the customer the ability to 
select products and order their purchases, and to automatically load and 
deliver a selected product to the customer, without the intervention or 
assistance of a sales or product delivery person. A more particular 
objective of the present invention is to provide a system in which 
products can be stored at a convenient storage location and automatically 
dispensed to a customer without the need to specially manufacture a 
complete custom system to store, handle, load and dispense each specific 
manufacturer's or supplier's products. 
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a vending system 
with the ability to automatically load and convey selected products in 
their own packages to customers without the need for the product to be 
carried to the customer by a delivery person or by the movement of a 
reusable mechanical carrier as part of the delivery system. A further 
objective of the present invention is to provide a system and method for 
delivering purchased products to customers, and particularly for 
delivering and dispensing temperature maintained food products, and 
particularly beverage, in their own non-reusable individual packages or 
packaging containers. 
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a system and 
method capable of unattended delivery of vended products, particularly 
selected beverages or other packaged food products, for immediate 
consumption that may be carried out using pre-existing dispensing 
equipment to load the system, or using equipment provided for the 
dispensing of particular products of a particular supplier or 
manufacturer. 
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary 
product vending system that is controlled through an interaction with the 
vending system control or the control of a diverse product or service 
providing system or payment accounting system. 
An additional objective of the present invention is to remotely deliver 
individually packaged products, particularly selected carbonated and other 
beverage products in plastic bottles with minimal product agitation. 
According to the principles of the present invention, there is provided a 
method and system by which individually packaged products, including 
beverages, such as soft drinks, are dispensed. The system and method use 
features of the pneumatic vending system which are described in the 
patents and applications incorporated by reference above. The system 
employs, as a loading mechanism therefor, a dispensing apparatus 
particularly suited for the products of a particular type or source, and 
preferably employs a product dispensing apparatus of a pre-existing type 
that dispenses the particular products of the supplier or manufacturer 
that are being dispensed by the system. 
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, there is 
provided a method and apparatus for adapting the loading end of the 
pneumatic product delivery system, at the product storage location, which 
transports the product from the storage location to a dispensing location, 
that is connectable to a loading device suitable for the product, and 
preferably, in the case of bottled beverages particularly, in the form of 
a vending machine supplied by the supplier of the product. 
One preferred embodiment of the invention is a pneumatic delivery system of 
a type similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,586,686 which has been 
incorporated by reference, with the loading mechanism thereof in the form 
of a soft drink vending machine provided by the distributor of the soft 
drinks being dispensed by the pneumatic delivery system, modified and 
adapted for incorporation into a system of the present invention. For the 
modification of a product vending machine to a form that will enable it to 
serve as a loading mechanism of the system, the system is provided with a 
mechanical and control interface which replaces the standard door of the 
soft drink vending machine. The interface includes a landing pad adapted 
to receive a selected bottled soft drink or other product, for example, 
which is dropped onto the pad from a refrigerated rack in response to a 
command signal. The command signal is a signal generated through the 
pneumatic delivery system selector, and replaces signals that would 
otherwise be generated by a selector provided on the vending machine door 
that has been removed and replaced with the interface. The pad directs the 
dispensed, selected product into the loading end of the pneumatic tube of 
the pneumatic delivery system. A blower or pump that is provided in the 
interface unit blows air behind the loaded product to move the product 
into and through the tube of the system to pneumatically transport the 
product to the dispensing location. At the dispensing location, the 
product may be carefully decelerated to a stop and either automatically 
removed or presented to the customer for manual removal, all in accordance 
with features of the patent applications identified above and incorporated 
by reference herein. 
In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, the interior 
mechanical portions of one or more vending machines of one or more 
manufacturers or distributers are disposed in a storage vault such as a 
resupplier accessible refrigerated vault outside of a vending facility, 
and adapted with interfaces to selectively operate the controls of such 
mechanical portions and to load products therefrom into the pneumatic 
tubes of pneumatic conveyor systems. 
The invention particularly provides a method of adapting existing vending 
machines, or at least the mechanical interior portions thereof, of a 
product supplier, such as refrigerated beverage vending machines of the 
type provided by soft drink suppliers, to a pneumatic delivery system. The 
method includes the providing of an interface unit which replaces the 
standard or existing vending machine door. The interface includes a 
coupling for directing a dispensed bottled beverage into an opening in a 
loading end of a tube of a pneumatic conveyor that originates in the 
interface unit. The interface unit preferably includes connectors for 
feeding control lines from the pneumatic delivery system through to the 
control lines of the vending machine so that the control of the pneumatic 
system can replace the original controls of the vending machine that are 
typically included in the door which is being replaced. Preferably also, 
the interface includes a blower for moving the loaded bottled beverage 
through the tube and includes insulation, preferably in the wall that is 
toward and covering the door opening of the vending machine so that the 
refrigerated atmosphere within the vending machine does not escape to the 
area that contains the tube loading port and blower. 
According to certain features of the preferred embodiment of the invention, 
the interface is preferably configurable or is one of a set of different 
configurations, each of which enables the system to be connected to a 
different loading device, such as a vending machine of a different one of 
several product suppliers. 
Advantages of the present invention include the ability of a vendor to 
adapt the vending system to accommodate different products and to change 
the selection of products by altering the interface or its configuration 
and the vending device connected thereto. In addition, resupplying the 
storage modules can be carried out with maximum convenience. Further, 
carbonated beverages and other beverages that suffer from agitation, 
particularly those packaged in plastic bottles, are delivered with care so 
as to avoid the adverse effects of handling on the packaged product. 
These and other objectives and advantages of the present invention will be 
more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the 
drawings of the preferred embodiment of the invention, in which:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
FIG. 1 illustrates one preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of 
an automated retail or vending system 10 that includes a product vending 
system in the form of an automated pneumatic food or beverage delivery and 
dispensing system 11 in combination, for example, with a diverse product 
providing system in the form of a self-service gasoline dispensing 
facility. One embodiment of such a system 10 in the form of a gasoline 
dispensing system is more particularly described in the patent 
applications incorporated by reference and identified above. In such a 
system 10, a pump island 16, which may be provided with a credit card 
reader 18, is also linked to a product selector that is electrically 
interconnected with a dispensing unit 20 of a customer terminal of the 
product dispensing system 11. In addition or in the alternative to a card 
reader 18, a cash dispenser or a customer identifying device may be 
provided. The dispensing unit 20 is provided with an order entry panel 22, 
which includes a product selector by which the customer makes a selection 
of and purchases a product such as a beverage. Alternatively or in 
addition, other types of dispensing units 20, such as units 20a and 20b, 
may be provided, which may also include or be associated with product 
selectors 22 in alternative forms 22a, 22b, respectively. 
The units 20,20a,20b, hereinafter referred to only as units 20, are 
preferably connected to some device, circuitry or other transmission or 
communication link that is in communication with the card reader 18 or the 
billing system of a diverse vending system at the facility, such as that 
of the charge system of a gasoline vending system. The dispensing unit 20 
is typically located either in an indoor room temperature environment or 
at an outdoor location, neither of which is customarily maintained at a 
temperature ideal for the storage of the product being dispensed. 
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, the beverage dispensing system 11 
is provided with a temperature controlled storage vault 25 that may be 
enclosed within the store facility 15, for example, or placed in an 
outdoor environment. The vault 25 is connected to the input end of a 
pneumatic tube 26 of the pneumatic vending system 11. The tube 26 
preferably has a generally circular cross-section and has one or more 
output ends connected to the dispensing units 20. The vault 25 may be in 
the form of the main insulated storage cabinet or compartment 24 of a 
refrigerated vending machine, which has a refrigeration unit 23 that is a 
part thereof, with the standard door of the vending machine removed, 
exposing an open vending machine front 21, but leaving the standard door 
hinges 27 and latch mechanism 28, as illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2. 
In such a form, the standard vending machine door is replaced with a 
pneumatic delivery system door interface unit 30 that pivotally connects 
to the standard door hinges 27 of the storage cabinet 24. The interface 
unit 30 pivots on the hinges 27 between an open position, for the 
refilling of the vault 25 with beverages or other such products, and a 
closed position in which it closes and seals the open machine front 21, 
being locked in the closed position by the latch mechanism 28 on the 
cabinet 24. 
The vending machine main cabinet 24 contains a dispensing mechanism 29, 
which, in combination with the interface unit 30, provides a loading 
mechanism 50 for the pneumatic delivery system 11. The dispensing 
mechanism 29 typically includes a product supply 51 and devices for 
dispensing packaged products from the product supply 51. The product 
supply 51 is preferably divided into a plurality of bins 31, each of which 
holds a separate supply of one of a plurality of different kinds of 
packaged products such as beverages 32, preferably each in its own 
disposable can or plastic bottle. At each of the bins 31, the dispensing 
mechanism 29 typically includes a selectively operable discharge device or 
element such as a solenoid operated trapdoor 33 positioned below the bin, 
as illustrated in FIG. 3. Each trapdoor 33 of a typical beverage vending 
machine is, for example, provided with a solenoid controlled actuator 52 
and is configured to open momentarily in response to a signal from a 
controller. With the system 10, a signal from a product selector on the 
order entry panel 22 causes the appropriate door 33 to open, which causes 
the selected beverage from the corresponding bin 31 to drop onto a tapered 
chute 34 at the bottom of the compartment 24. 
Depending on the configuration of the chute 34 with which the vending 
machine compartment 24 was originally equipped, a landing pad modification 
kit is provided for certain embodiments of the present invention to 
reconfigure the chute 34 of the machine compartment 24 to a configuration 
of a landing pad 35 that is preferred in order to adapt the machine 
compartment 24 to the system 10. This configuration is one which allows 
the pad 35 to function as a loading element or member that will feed the 
dispensed product that drops from the trapdoor 33 to the delivery system 
conveyor. The pad 35 is, in the illustrated embodiment, a concave 
receiving platform pivotally attached at one end 36a thereof near the 
front of the chute 34 on a horizontal shaft 36 to pivot from a rest 
position in which it conforms to the surface of the chute 34 to an 
activated upright position in which it generally extends vertically 
upwardly. Preferably, the pad 35 catches the dispensed product 32, which 
is, for example, a beverage packaged in its own individual plastic bottle, 
in an inclined, cap-down position with the top of the product container 
resting against a stop 37 fixed to the pad 35. 
The interface unit 30 preferably includes, in addition to replacing the 
functions of the original vending machine door, loading mechanisms for the 
pneumatic conveyor, loading tube and blowers, relays, programmable logic 
and battery backup. In certain embodiments of the invention, the interface 
unit 30 has a pair of hinge connectors 39, one at the top and one at the 
bottom at the hinged side thereof, positioned and configured to connect to 
the hinges 27 of the cabinet 24. Such connectors 39 may be in the form of 
a bracket with a hole therein at the bottom of the unit 30 and a bracket 
with a similar hole at the top of the unit 30, to receive a vertically 
projecting pin 40 of the hinges 27. At the free side of the unit 30 is 
provided a locking element 38 that engages the latch 28 of the cabinet 24 
to lock the unit 30 in a closed position. The unit 30 has an insulated 
inner wall 43, which insulates the front opening 21 of the compartment 24 
to allow the interior thereof to be maintained under refrigeration. For 
the storage of beverages such as soft drinks, the interior of the vault 25 
is generally maintained at approximately 5.degree. C. 
In an alternative configuration, the loading mechanisms 29 from one or a 
plurality of vending machines are installed in an insulated cabinet or 
vault to which an interface unit 30 may be attached or of which an 
interface unit 30 may be a part. 
The interface unit 30 preferably includes a loading tube 44 that forms the 
loading end of pneumatic conveyor tube 26. The loading tube 44 extends 
vertically to above the unit 30. A slip collar 45 is provided either at 
the top of the loading tube 44 or on the tube 26 to sealably connect the 
loading tube 44 to the upstream end of the tube 26. A loading port 42 is 
provided at the lower end of the loading tube 44. The landing pad 35 forms 
a gate that, when raised, closes and seals the loading port 42 at the 
loading or input end of the tube 26. The shaft 37 on which the pad or gate 
35 pivots is preferably fixed to the inside of the interface unit 30. A 
pneumatically or electrically operable gate actuator on the unit 30 is 
provided to lower the gate 35 to its landing pad position, as illustrated 
in FIG. 3, or to raise the gate 35 to the port sealing position 
illustrated in FIG. 2. The raising of the pad or gate 35 requires the 
lifting of a product 32 into the tube through the port 42. The gate 35 is 
preferably raised and lowered by double acting electric cylinder 47 in 
response to signals from the controller of the system 11. Preferably also, 
the gate is spring biased to its raised position to seal the port 42 if 
power to the interface were to fail, thereby preventing warming of the 
interior of the compartment 24. 
A blower or air pump 41 is provided in the interface unit 30. The blower 
has an output connected to the bottom end of the loading tube 44 below the 
port 42. The blower 41 is sufficiently strong to effectively move a 
bottled beverage 32, which has been loaded into the loading tube 44 
through the port 42, upwardly into and through the tube 26 of the 
pneumatic conveyor. The interface unit 30 is provided with an electrical 
connector 53 that connects the control system 55 of the vending machine 
compartment 24, which includes the logic and drivers needed to operate the 
trapdoors 33 on the bins 31, to a controller 80 of the pneumatic delivery 
and dispensing system 11. A sensor such as a limit switch 56 is provided 
to verify that the landing pad 35 is in the down position when a beverage 
32 is dispensed into the chute 34. The controller 80 has inputs and 
outputs that connect to the dispensing terminals 20 to receive order 
commands from the input devices 22 and for operation of the terminals 20. 
The controller 80 also has outputs that connect to diverter valves 81 that 
direct product moving through the tube 26 to the appropriate dispensing 
terminal 20 from which an order originated. 
The tube 26 usually extends horizontally from the vault 25 but may rise or 
fall somewhat on the way to the location of the dispensing unit 20. 
Approaching the dispensing unit 20, the tube 26, in the preferred 
embodiment, changes to a vertical orientation to enter the dispensing unit 
20 either from the bottom or, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, from 
the top. The discharge end of the tube 26 at the dispensing unit 20 is 
preferably closed and contains a holding space 60, at least about as long 
as the product container 40, at which is preferably provided a delivery 
window 61 in the side of the tube 26, for removal of the dispensed 
product. Preferably, at the discharge end of the tube 26 at the dispensing 
unit 20, a pneumatic decelerating device is provided to ease the moving 
soft drink bottle or other product to a gentle stop. A suitable 
decelerating device is described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. 
No. 08/571,253 that has been incorporated by reference herein. 
The operation loading mechanism controller 55 is coordinated and controlled 
in response to orders placed by customers on the panel 22 and in response 
to cash payments made or entry of charge account information into the card 
reader 18, through a beverage delivery system or main controller 80. For 
example, when a gasoline customer purchases gasoline and inserts a charge 
card in the card reader 18, a message may be displayed prompting for 
additional purchase of a beverage if desired by the customer. An order may 
then be placed by selecting a brand or type of beverage desired by 
pressing a button on the panel 22. This button selection transmits a 
beverage order to a main controller 80 which preferably controls the 
conveyor and the loading mechanism controller 55 to cause delivery of the 
product to the customer. The controller 80 is also part of the 
communication circuitry that causes the price of the order to be added to 
the gasoline charge made through the billing system of the gasoline 
vending system. 
When an order has been placed by a customer and accepted by the controller 
80, a signal is sent by the controller 80 to the controller 55 of the 
loading mechanism 50, which causes the controller 55 to activate the 
appropriate actuator 52 to open the door 33 to drop the selected beverage 
32 in its product container 40 into the trough 56. Thereupon, the 
controller 55 energizes the cylinder 57 to push the dropped container 40 
from the trough 56 into the carrier 40. When the controller 80 determines 
that the container of beverage 32 has been deposited onto the landing pad 
35, the pad actuating solenoid 47 is actuated to raise the pad 35 and load 
the beverage 32, cap end down, into the loading tube 44 through the port 
42. Then, when the port 42 is sealed by the pad or gate 35 in its raised 
position, the blower 41 is energized to blow the beverage 32 in its own 
container through the tube 26. The controller 80 also actuates the 
solenoids to move the diverter plates 81 so as to direct the moving 
beverage 32 from the tube 26 to the dispensing unit 20 at which the order 
was placed. 
FIG. 5 illustrates more passive form of landing pad 35 and loading port 42 
than illustrated and described above, in the form of a Y-coupling 135 to 
the loading tube 44. The Y-coupling 135 has a downwardly facing common leg 
136 of reduced diameter that connects to the outlet 41. The Y-coupling 135 
also has an in-line upwardly facing leg 137 that connects to the inlet end 
of the loading tube 44 and an upwardly inclined leg 138 positioned to form 
a lower extension of the discharge chute 32. The inclined leg 138 forms a 
loading port 42a into which a product 40 in its container loads into the 
loading tube 44. The port 42a is normally blocked by a valve plate 140 
that is pivotally connected at its upper end on a horizontal axis or pivot 
pin 141 to the wall of the Y-coupling 135. The plate 140 is spring biased 
to the closed position by a spring element 142 to the closed position in 
which it is illustrated in FIG. 5. The plate 140 pivots under the force of 
a falling product 40, as illustrated by the phantom lines 144, to allow 
the product 40 to fall against and be retained by a frusto-conically 
shaped collar portion 146 of the lower leg 136 that forms the fitting with 
the blower outlet 41. With this embodiment, it is not necessary to utilize 
a sensor or actively driven landing pad to load a product into the loading 
tube 44. A sensor 148, however, is preferably provided to detect the 
loading of a product 40 in through the port 42a and to activate the blower 
41. 
FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the interface unit 30 
includes loading tube 44 at the loading end of the tube 26 of the 
pneumatic conveyor. The loading tube 44 extends downward vertically from 
above the unit 30 to an open loading end 242 surrounded by a sealing 
flange 243. Adjacent this open loading end 242 of tube 44 is a loading 
bucket 235, which functions similar to the landing pad 35 above. The 
bucket 235 is pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis or shaft 236 so as to 
form a gate which, when raised, closes and seals the open loading end 242 
as illustrated in FIG. 7. The shaft 236 on which the bucket 235 pivots is 
preferably fixed to the inside of the interface unit 30. A pneumatically 
or electrically operable gate actuator on the unit 30 is provided to lower 
the bucket 235 to its loading position, as illustrated in FIG. 6 and to 
raise the bucket 235 to the port sealing position illustrated in FIG. 7. 
The bucket 235 has a flared rectangular opening 237 at its top which, when 
the bucket is pivoted to its loading position, forms a lower extension of 
the chute 34 to receive a product 32 sliding from the chute 34, as 
illustrated in FIG. 6. A loaded product 32 slides into the bucket 235 and 
into the lower portion 238 of the bucket 235, which has a circular 
cross-section dimensioned to surround, but provide little excess air space 
around, the container of the product 32, approximately as does loading 
tube 44. The product 32 comes to a stop with the cap of the bottle resting 
on the bottom of the lower portion 238 of the bucket 235. A sensor 234 
detects the received product in this position and signals the controller 
to energize the activator which pivots the bucket to its sealing position 
as illustrated in FIG. 7. The flared open end 237 of the bucket 235 is 
provided with a sealing flange 239 which aligns with the flange 243 on the 
open end 242 of the tube 44. A flexible elastomeric seal 240 is provided 
on the sealing flange 239 to form a pneumatic seal between the flanges 
239, 243, as illustrated in FIG. 7A. The seal 240 is configured to expand 
vertically against the two flanges 240,243 in response to pneumatic 
pressure within the bucket 235 and tube 44. 
Preferably, a primary blower or air pump 41a is provided in the interface 
unit 30 on the bucket 235, with its outlet connected to a port 250 in the 
lower portion 238 of the bucket 235 at a position that will inject air 
into the space surrounding the neck and cap of the bottle of the product 
32. This blower is activated when the bucket 235 has been pivoted to its 
sealed position and lifts the bottle of product 32 from the bucket 235 and 
into the loading tube 44 through its opening 242. When the product is in 
the tube 44, a secondary blower 41b in the unit 30 or connected to the 
tube 26 above the unit 30 is activated to move the product 32 toward the 
dispensing unit 20. The primary blower 41a is sufficiently strong to 
effectively move a bottled beverage 32, which has been loaded into the 
loading tube 44 through the port 237, upwardly into the tube 44 whereupon 
the secondary blower 41b takes over to move the beverage into and through 
the tube 26 of the pneumatic conveyor. 
In the preferred embodiments, the bottled beverage approaches the 
dispensing unit 20, bottom first. In one preferred embodiment illustrated 
in FIG. 8, the tube 26 changes from a horizontal orientation to a vertical 
orientation so that the product approaches the dispensing unit 20 
right-side up, bottom first, from above. The direction change occurs at a 
bend 226 in the tube 26, at which the tube 26 contains a series of vent 
holes 227 to relieve the forward pressure driving the product as it passes 
the holes 227. Also, prior to approaching the bend 226, the product is 
sensed and a back pressure blower 220 is activated. The outlet of the back 
pressure blower 220 is connected through a tube 222 to a port 221 at the 
discharge end of the tube 26 at the top of the dispensing unit 20, which 
is illustrated as a further alternative embodiment 20c. When the product 
32 passes the holes 227, back pressure in the lower portion of the tube is 
sufficient to slow the bottle to a stop. A pressure sensor 214 at the port 
221 senses static back pressure and initiates a product landing sequence 
by which a gate 215 closes the outlet end of the tube 26 ahead of the 
product 32 while a relief valve 217 (FIG. 9) vents the back pressure in 
such a way as to gently set the product on the closed gate 215. When the 
product 32 is resting on the gate 215, a gate operation motor 218 is 
activated to slide open the gate 215 and thereby gently drop the product 
32 into delivery chute 216 in the delivery unit 20c, as illustrated in 
FIG. 9. A product selection panel (not shown) may be provided on the 
delivery unit 20c or at a different location to enable a customer to 
select a product to be dispensed, as for example, one of several types of 
soft drinks, or one of any number of food or other products. 
The customer terminal, including the delivery unit 20c and product 
selector, may be compact, for example, displacing only one candy shelf on 
an existing checkout merchandiser. It preferably includes neon arc 
lighting and a console design that highlights brand images. The delivery 
tube 26 is within about ten feet of the delivery unit formed of clear 
plastic to provide customers and potential customers throughout a store 
with the ability to see products decelerate and be dispensed. 
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are many uses of the 
present invention, and that the invention is described herein only in its 
preferred embodiments. Accordingly, additions and modifications can be 
made without departing from the principles of the invention. Therefore, 
the following is claimed: