Multifunctional personal care devices/apparatuses and compositions for hair or skin

Personal care devices (or apparatuses) are described to deliver/activate a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors) for growth and protection of hair or rejuvenation and protection of skin, which utilizes nanoencapsulation/nanoemulsion and/or activation/photoactivation. Such devices (or apparatuses) utilize a light low intensity module/x-ray and nanooptical elements/three-dimensionally (3-D) printed micro/nanostructures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to multifunctional personal care devices (or apparatuses) generally comprising/including mechanical, electrical (electronic) and optical (including nanooptical elements) subsystems/microsubsystems/units/modules/components.

Personal care devices (or apparatuses) to deliver/activate a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors) for growth and protection of hair or rejuvenation and protection of skin. Such personal care devices (or apparatuses) can utilize three-dimensionally (3-D) printed micro/nanostructures and such compositions (formulations) can utilize nanoencapsulation/nanoemulsion and/or activation/photoactivation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES

For Growth and Protection of Hair

Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 describe various compositions of a removable/stretchable mesh structured net.

For Rejuvenation and Protection of Skin

Table 5 and Table 6 describe various topical compositions (formulations). Table 7 describes a non-topical composition (formulation).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For Growth and Protection of Hair

FIG. 1Aillustrates an embodiment of a hairbrush100A and an electrical/wireless charging (including electromagnetically charging through air) unit200. The hairbrush100A comprises/includes (a) a detachable first section320, (b) a detachable second section (bristles' section)400and (c) a detachable third section (hair dryer)1200. The detachable second section (bristles')400can enable vibration.

FIG. 1Billustrates another embodiment of a hairbrush100B and the electrical/wireless charging (including electromagnetically charging through air) unit200. The hairbrush100B comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320, (b) the detachable second section (bristles' section)400with a removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560(which can be infused with a bioactive compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A for growth and protection of hair) and (c) the detachable third section (hair dryer)1200. The detachable second section (bristles')400can enable vibration.

The above bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A for growth and protection of hair can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

The removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560can comprise/include a scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold. Furthermore, the removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560can be replaced by a scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold.

The scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold can be infused with a bioactive compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A for growth and protection of hair. The bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

FIG. 1Cillustrates another embodiment of a hairbrush100C and the electrical/wireless charging (including electromagnetically charging through air) unit200. The hairbrush100C comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320, (b) a detachable second section (a detachable hair/scalp massager integrated with bristles)700and (c) the detachable third section (hair dryer)1200. The detachable second section (the detachable hair/scalp massager integrated with bristles)700can enable vibration.

FIG. 1Dillustrates another embodiment of a hairbrush100D and the electrical/wireless charging (including electromagnetically charging through air) unit200. The hairbrush100D comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320, (b) the detachable second section (the detachable hair/scalp massager integrated with bristles)700with the removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560and (c) the detachable third section (hair dryer)1200. The detachable second section (the detachable hair/scalp massager integrated with bristles)700can enable vibration.

FIG. 1Eillustrates another embodiment of a hairbrush100E and the electrical/wireless charging (including electromagnetically charging through air) unit200. The hairbrush100E comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320, (b) a detachable second section (a detachable spray applicator and a detachable vibrator integrated with bristles)960and (c) the detachable third section (hair dryer)1200. The detachable second section (the detachable spray applicator and the detachable vibrator integrated with bristles)960can enable vibration.

The spray applicator can spray a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A in a liquid.

The above bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a type. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

FIG. 2Aillustrates the wired/wireless charging (including electromagnetically charging through air) unit200, wherein an electrical wall plug/socket is120, an electrical cable/retractable electrical cable is140, a wireless charger (including electromagnetically charging through air) is160and a charging socket is180for a bottom electrical contact area280of the hairbrush100A/100B/100C/100D/100E in an upright position.

A power base station can be plugged into the electrical wall plug/socket120. The power base station can emit low-frequency (4 MHz to 10 MHz) electromagnetic radiation. A power harvesting circuit on the bottom electrical contact area280can resonate at the same frequency emitted by the power base station. When the bottom contact area280comes in close proximity to the power base station, the bottom contact area280absorbs the energy via electromagnetic coupling-thus enabling electromagnetically charging through air.

FIG. 2Billustrates the detachable first section320, which comprises/includes (a) a power indicator220, (b) a vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (c) a spray indicator260, (d) a top electrical contact area280, (e) the bottom electrical contact area280and (f) an upright stand300.

FIG. 2Cillustrates a detachable bristles' section400, wherein the left outer shell is indicated by360and right outer shell is indicated by380. Both left outer shell360and right outer shell380can have bristles, wherein each bristle is indicated by340. An ultrasound wave generator/vibrator can be connected to the left outer shell360and/or the right outer shell380—thus enabling the detachable bristles' section400to vibrate.

FIG. 2Fillustrates a hairbrush460, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320and (b) the detachable second section with bristles'440.

FIG. 3Aillustrates a removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560, which comprises/includes a sticker480, an elastic frame500(configured to fit the contour of a hairbrush/comb) and a removable/stretchable mesh structured net (of a suitable material)520.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, the compositions for the removable/stretchable structured net520can be described in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4.

FIG. 3Billustrates a detachable second section580, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap420and (b) the detachable second section with bristles'440with the removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560.

FIG. 3Cillustrates a hairbrush600, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320and (b) the detachable second section580.FIG. 3Calso illustrates the loose hair, which can be trapped in the detachable second section580.

FIG. 4Aillustrates a detachable section700which comprises/includes (a) a left outer shell640, (b) a right outer shell660and (c) an inner core shell680. Both the left outer shell640and right outer shell660has bristles, wherein each bristle is indicated by340. Furthermore, end of each bristle has a miniature magnet620for intimate attachment to the inner core shell680. An ultrasound wave generator/vibrator can be connected to the left outer shell640and/or the right outer shell660—thus enabling the detachable section700to vibrate.

FIG. 4Cillustrates a hairbrush740, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable first section320and the detachable second section720.

FIG. 5Aillustrates a detachable container900which comprises/includes two metallic spring contacts820and an inner structure880A. The inner structure880A has release holes, wherein each release hole is840and capillaries, wherein each capillary is860. The metallic spring compresses to release a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A in a liquid for growth and protection of hair through the release holes840.

The above bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

FIG. 5Billustrates a detachable second section (a detachable spray applicator and a detachable vibrator integrated with bristles)960. The detachable spray applicator within the detachable section960can contain a bioactive compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A in a liquid for growth and protection of hair to spray a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A in a liquid for growth and protection of hair.

The above bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in form of an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

The detachable section (the detachable spray applicator and the detachable vibrator integrated with bristles)960comprises/includes (a) a left outer shell780, (b) a right outer shell800and (c) an inner core shell940.

Both the left outer shell780and right outer shell800comprises/includes bristles, wherein each bristle is340. Furthermore, end of each bristle comprises/includes a miniature magnet620for intimate attachment to the inner core shell940. Both the left outer shell780and right outer shell800comprises/includes second release holes, wherein each second release hole is indicated by760. The inner core shell940has the detachable container900with another type of first release holes, wherein each first release hole is indicated by920. It should be noted the first release hole920is approximately aligned with the second release hole760. An ultrasound wave generator/vibrator can be connected to the left outer shell780and/or the right outer shell800—thus enabling the detachable section960to vibrate.

The detachable section (the detachable spray applicator and the detachable vibrator integrated with bristles)960comprises/includes the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator, wherein the detachable spray applicator is activated or set in motion by the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator.

The ultrasound wave generator/vibrator can cause pretreatment liquid molecules or the liquid molecules of a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A to vibrate at an amplitude and frequency—thus generating microscopic/nano sized bubbles of the pretreatment liquid molecules or the said liquid molecules. These microscopic/nano sized bubbles can act like scrubbers for effective cleaning of scalp.

FIG. 5Cillustrates a detachable second section980, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap420and (b) the detachable second section (the detachable spray applicator and the detachable vibrator integrated with bristles)960.

FIG. 6Aillustrates a subsystem/unit1180which comprises/includes a blade fan1120or a bladeless fan1140and a heater1160. A blade fan relies on blades to chop the air and push it forward, but a bladeless fan utilizes airflow dynamics. Air is pulled into the bladeless fan's cylindrical base, utilizing a small brushless motor. The motor's impeller pushes air into a hollow ring and air is then forced out slits, wherein the slits are located all around the hollow ring. The air is then accelerated into circular motion. Additionally, the heater1160can be a resistive heater or an electromagnetic heater.

FIG. 6Billustrates a detachable (hair dryer) section1200, which comprises/includes a metallic/magnetic contact area1020, a removable air flow mesh1040, a power (on/off) indicator1060(of the detachable hair dryer1200), a moderate airflow indicator1080and a high airflow indicator1100and the unit1180(as illustrated inFIG. 6A).

FIG. 7Aillustrates a detachable section1260, which is similar to the detachable (hair dryer)1200(as illustrated inFIG. 6B) with an addition of a detachable low intensity light module1240. The detachable low intensity light module1240can have just one light source (e.g., a light emitting diode/surface emitting laser) or many light sources in suitable (multiple) wavelength ranges. An electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C is not shown inFIG. 7A.

The detachable low intensity light module1240can provide an optical dose in the range from 0.5 J/cm2to 10 J/cm2in 600-700 nm wavelength range or an optical dose in the range from 0.5 J/cm2to 50 J/cm2in 700-2000 nm wavelength range, or a combination of an optical dose in the range from 0.5 J/cm2to 10 J/cm2in 600-700 nm wavelength range and an optical dose in the range from 0.5 J/cm2to 50 J/cm2in 700-2000 nm wavelength range for synergistic effects. Wavelengths in the 600-700 nm (red) range are for shallow penetration of light/laser beam and wavelengths in the 700-2000 nm (near-infrared) are for deeper penetration of light/laser beam. Wavelengths in the 700-770 nm may not have much photoactivity. Additionally, the detachable low intensity light module1240can provide constant/pulse intensity of light, lower pulse rate (e.g., 2 Hz, as opposed to 10 Hz) and polarized light.

The detachable low intensity light module1240can activate/induce/photoactivate a minute quantity of (a) chemically reactive oxygen molecules and/or (b) chemically reactive bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A (for growth and protection of hair)/540B (for rejuvenation and protection of skin) to beneficially stimulate certain beneficial cellular functions for growth and protection of hair—even in other healthcare applications such as arthritis (inflammation) reduction, rejuvenation and protection of skin and wound care. The above bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540/540B can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

FIG. 8Aillustrates a mechanical assembly1400A, which comprises/includes (a) a detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (b) a connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320, (c) a push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (d) an electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A and (e) a mechanical structure1380. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (c) the spray indicator260and (d) the bottom electrical contact area280.

The detachable spray applicator1300comprises/includes the ultrasonic wave generator or a vibrator, wherein the spray applicator1300is activated or set in motion by the ultrasonic wave generator or the vibrator.

FIG. 8Billustrates a detachable cap assembly1440, which comprises/includes the detachable cap420with a hole1420close to the center of the frame of the detachable cap assembly.

FIG. 9Aillustrates another embodiment of a detachable spray applicator (comprising/including a nozzle)1520, which comprises/includes (a) the top metallic spring contact820, (b) a flexible liquid container880B, (c) a unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460and (d) a nozzle1480. The unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460comprises/includes (a) the bottom metallic spring contact820, (b) a support structure (which is not labeled, but shown inFIG. 9A) and (c) a button (which is not labeled, but shown inFIG. 9A).

FIG. 9Billustrates a mechanical assembly1540A, which comprises/includes (a) an electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (b) the mechanical structure1380, (c) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460and (d) another detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (c) the spray indicator260and (d) the bottom electrical contact area280.

The detachable spray applicator1520comprises/includes the nozzle, wherein the detachable spray applicator1520is activated or set in motion by the nozzle.

The detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300or the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520can cause pretreatment liquid molecules or liquid molecules of a bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A to vibrate at an amplitude and frequency-thus generating bubbles of the pretreatment liquid molecules or the said liquid molecules. These bubbles can act like scrubbers for effective cleaning of scalp.

The above bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540A can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

FIG. 10Aillustrates a mechanical assembly1560A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (d) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A, (e) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C and (f) the mechanical structure1380. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) a light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (d) the spray indicator260and (f) the bottom electrical contact area280.

The connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320is not shown due to the shadowing of the detachable low intensity light module1240.

FIG. 10Billustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1560B, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap assembly1440(as illustrated inFIG. 8B) and (b) the mechanical assembly1560A (as illustrated inFIG. 10A).

FIG. 10Cillustrates a back view1560C of the complete mechanical assembly1560B (as illustrated inFIG. 10B).FIG. 10Cillustrates (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340.

FIG. 11Aillustrates a mechanical assembly1580A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (c) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (d) the mechanical structure1380, (e) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460and (f) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (d) the spray indicator260and (e) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 11Billustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1580B, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap assembly1440(as illustrated inFIG. 8B) and (b) the mechanical assembly1580A (as illustrated inFIG. 11A).

FIG. 11Cillustrates a back view1580C of the complete mechanical assembly1580B (as illustrated inFIG. 11B).FIG. 11Cillustrates (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460.

FIG. 12illustrates a detachable hairbrush unit1660A, which comprises/includes (a) the bristle340and (b) a hairbrush unit frame1440. The detachable hairbrush unit1660A has a hole1420close to the center of the frame of the detachable hairbrush unit1660A.

FIG. 13Aillustrates another type of bristle1680, which comprises/includes (a) a base1620, (b) a miniature mechanical spring1640for motion (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)/vibration and (c) a bristle strand1660. An electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (utilizing the ultrasonic wave generator or vibrator) can be connected with a general purpose electronic subsystem of a particular embodiment of a device/apparatus. The bristle1680can enable motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion) for massaging hair/scalp.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, the base1620can comprise/include multiple bristle strands1660s.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, the material for the bristle strands1660s can be a biocompatible material/biocomposite material/nylon.

FIG. 13Billustrates another detachable hairbrush unit1600B, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable hairbrush unit frame1440and (b) the bristle1680. The detachable hairbrush unit1660B has a hole1420close to the center of the frame of the detachable hairbrush unit1660B.

FIG. 14Aillustrates a complete mechanical assembly1700A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (b) the connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (d) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A, (e) the mechanical structure1380and (f) the detachable hairbrush unit1600A. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (c) the spray indicator260and (d) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 14Bis similar toFIG. 14A, except the detachable hairbrush unit1600A is replaced by the detachable hairbrush unit1600B.

FIG. 15Aillustrates a complete mechanical assembly1720A, which comprises/includes (a) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (b) the mechanical structure1380, (c) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460, (d) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520and (e) the detachable hairbrush unit1600A. Other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (c) the spray indicator260and (d) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 15Bis similar toFIG. 15A, except the detachable hairbrush unit1600A is replaced by the detachable hairbrush unit1600B.

FIG. 16illustrates a mechanical assembly1740, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap420, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C and (d) the mechanical structure1380. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A and (c) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 17Aillustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1760A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the detachable hairbrush unit1600A. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A and (c) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 17Billustrates a back view1760B of the complete mechanical assembly1760A (as illustrated inFIG. 17A).FIG. 17Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240and (c) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 17Cillustrates a complete mechanical assembly1760C, which comprises/includes the complete mechanical assembly (a) the removable/stretchable integrated mesh structured net560and (b) the complete mechanical assembly1760A (as illustrated inFIG. 17A).

FIG. 18Aillustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1780A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the detachable hairbrush unit1600B. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A and (c) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 18Billustrates a back view1780B of the complete mechanical assembly1780A (as illustrated inFIG. 18A).FIG. 18Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240and (c) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 19Aillustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1800A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (d) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A, (e) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (f) the mechanical structure1380and (g) the detachable hairbrush unit1600A. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (d) the spray indicator260and (e) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 19Billustrates a back view1800B of the complete mechanical assembly1800A (as illustrated inFIG. 19A).FIG. 19Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340and (d) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 20Aillustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1820A, which is similar toFIG. 19A, except the detachable hairbrush unit1600A is replaced by the detachable hairbrush unit1600B.

FIG. 20Billustrates a back view1820B of the complete mechanical assembly1820A (as illustrated inFIG. 20A).FIG. 20Bcomprises/includes are (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340and (d) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 21Aillustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1840A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (c) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (d) the mechanical structure1380, (e) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460, (f) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520and (g) the detachable hairbrush unit1600A. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (c) the spray indicator260and (d) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 21Billustrates a back view1840B of the complete mechanical assembly1840A (as illustrated in Figure in21A).FIG. 21Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460.

FIG. 22Aillustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly1860A, which is similar toFIG. 21A, except the detachable hairbrush unit1600A is replaced by the detachable hairbrush unit1600B.

FIG. 22Billustrates a back view1860B of the complete mechanical assembly1860A (as illustrated inFIG. 22A).FIG. 22Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460.

Examples Of Composition (Formulation)540A

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, an example of a bioactive compound for treatment against lice isAzadirachta indica/Cinnamomum zeylanicum/Lavendula angustifoli/Melaleuca alternifolia/Mentha piperita/Myristica fragrans/Pimpinella anisum/Pongamia glabra/Syzgium aromaticumor a mixture of bioactive compounds of about 40 ccMelaleuca alternifolia,about 20 ccPimpinella anisumand about 40 ccSyzgium aromaticum,wherein the bioactive compound can be in the form of an oil/extract.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, an example of a bioactive compound for treatment against dandruff isAzadirachta indica/Casytha filiformis/Curcuma longa/Eclipta alba/Emblica officinalis, Hibiscus rosa/Nyctanthes arbotristis/Pongamia glabra/Rubia cordifolia/Sesame indicum/Syzygium cuminior a mixture of bioactive compounds of about 10 ccArgania spinosaL, about 10 ccCalophyllum inophyllum,about 30 ccCocos nucifera,about 5 ccLavendula angustifolia,about 25 ccMelaleuca alternifolia,about 5 ccSyzgium aromaticumand about 15 ccSyzygium cumini,wherein the bioactive compound can be in the form of an oil/extract.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, an example of a mixture of bioactive compounds for growth and protection of hair is about 10 ccCamellia sinensis,about 10 ccCentella asiatica,about 10 ccCocus nucifera,about 10 ccEmblica officinalis,about 10 ccHumulus lupulus,about 20 ccPisum sativum(Pea) sprout, about 10 ccSalvia officinalis,about 10 ccScutellaria baicelensisand about 10 ccTriticum vulgare,wherein the bioactive compound can be in the form of an oil/extract.

Furthermore, a bioactive compound of about 10 ccAloe barbadensis/Argania spinosa/Avena sativa/Citrus paradisi/Glycine max/Olea lancifolia/Oryza sativa/Simmondsia chinensis/Vitis vinifera(wherein the bioactive compound can be in the form of an oil/extract) can be added to the above mixture, as described in the previous paragraph.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, an example of a mixture of bioactive compounds for growth and protection of hair is about 10 ccAconiti ciliare Tuber,about 10 ccCentella asiatica,about 20 ccEmblica officinalis,about 10 ccHumulus lupulus,about 30 ccPisum sativum(Pea) sprout, about 10 ccScutellaria baicelensisand about 10 ccTriticum vulgare,wherein the bioactive compound can be in the form of an oil/extract.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, an example of a mixture of bioactive compounds for treatment of grey hair is about 10 ccAzadirachta indica,about 20 ccCurcuma longa,about 10 ccEclipta alba,about 30 ccEmblica officinalis,about 10 ccHibiscus rosa,about 10 ccPongamia glabraand about 10 ccSesame indicum,wherein the bioactive compound can be in the form of an oil/extract.

However, the effectiveness of the mixtures, as described in the previous paragraphs can be improved by either an oil-in-oil emulsion/nanoemulsion or oil-in-water emulsion/nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the oil-in-water nanoemulsion can be dried to form nanoparticles.

A bioactive compound minoxidil can be utilized for growth and protection of hair.

Furthermore, minoxidil with a suitable amount of retinoic acid (retin-A) can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Furthermore, minoxidil with a suitable amount of vitamin A encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Minoxidil with a suitable amount of niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Minoxidil with a suitable amount of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Minoxidil with a suitable amount of resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Minoxidil with suitable amounts of vitamin A and niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Minoxidil with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide and pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Minoxidil with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone and resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

A bioactive compound bimatoprost can be utilized for growth and protection of hair.

Furthermore, bimatoprost with a suitable amount of vitamin A encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with a suitable amount of niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with a suitable amount of pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with a suitable amount of resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with suitable amounts of vitamin A and niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide and pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone and resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Bimatoprost with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinine, resveratrol and minoxidil encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

A bioactive compound tofacitinib (tofacitinib citrate) can be utilized for growth and protection of hair.

Furthermore, tofacitinib with a suitable amount of vitamin A encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with a suitable amount of niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with a suitable amount of pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with a suitable amount of resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A and niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide and pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone and resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinine, resveratrol and minoxidil encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinine, resveratrol and bimatoprost encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

A bioactive compound ruxolitinib can be utilized for growth and protection of hair.

Furthermore, ruxolitinib with a suitable amount of vitamin A encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with a suitable amount of niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with a suitable amount of pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with a suitable amount of resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A and niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide and pyrroloquinoline quinine encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone and resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinine, resveratrol and minoxidil encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinine, resveratrol and bimatoprost encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with a suitable amount of vitamin A encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with a suitable amount of niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with a suitable amount of pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with a suitable amount of resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A and niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide and pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone and resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone, resveratrol and minoxidil encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Ruxolitinib and tofacitinib with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone, resveratrol and bimatoprost encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

A bioactive compound antiandrogen RU 58841 can be utilized for growth and protection of hair.

Furthermore, antiandrogen RU 58841 with a suitable amount of vitamin A encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with a suitable amount of niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with a suitable amount of pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with a suitable amount of resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A and niacinamide encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide and pyrroloquinoline quinone encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone and resveratrol encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone, resveratrol and minoxidil encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone, resveratrol and bimatoprost encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone, resveratrol and tofacitinib encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Antiandrogen RU 58841 with suitable amounts of vitamin A, niacinamide, pyrroloquinoline quinone, resveratrol and ruxolitinib encapsulated or caged within a nanoshell can be utilized to enhance its synergetic effectiveness.

Astressin-B peptide can block receptors for corticotropin-releasing factor, involved in the stress response. Thus, Astressin-B peptide can be beneficial for growth and protection of hair.

The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of a cell. Activation of Wnt signaling in a safe and controlled way byAconiti ciliare Tuberextract can be beneficial for growth and protection of hair.

A mixture of about 200 mg of catalase (or a chemical derivate or a structural analog of catalase or a pseudocatalase activated via sunlight), about 200 mg of glutathione peroxidase, about 1000 mg of L-methionine, about 100 mg of methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR), about 200 mcg of selenium amino acid complex (sodium selenite, L-selenomethionin and selenium-methyl L-selenocysteine), about 200 mg superoxide dismutase (SOD), about 15 mg of zinc (L-Opti) and about 200 mg ofEmblica officinalisextract can be beneficial for growth and protection of hair.

Similarly, a mixture of about 200 mg of catalase (or a chemical derivate or a structural analog of catalase or a pseudocatalase activated via sunlight), about 20 mg of niacin or 100 mg niacinamide, about 20 mg pyrroloquinoline quinone, about 200 mg resveratrol, about 200 mg superoxide dismutase, about 1000 IU vitamin A, about 200 mcg vitamin H and about 15 mg zinc can be beneficial for growth and protection of hair.

It should be noted that niacinamide can be substituted with a suitable amount of niacin.

For Rejuvenation and Protection of Skin

FIG. 23Aillustrates two detachable skin brush units1880A/1880B. The detachable skin brush unit1880A has a fine textured compared to the detachable skin brush unit1880B. By way of an example and not by way of any limitation, the material for the bristle strands of the detachable skin brush unit1880A/1880B can be a biocompatible material (e.g., silk fibroin)/biocomposite material/nylon.

FIG. 23Billustrates above two detachable skin brush units1880C/1880D, each having a hole1420close to the center of the frame of each detachable skin brush unit namely1880C/1880D. The detachable skin brush unit1880C/1880D can enable motion (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)/vibration mechanically.

FIG. 24Aillustrates a front surface1900A and a back surface1900B of a removable fine textured patch1920respectively. The back surface1900B has an adhesive film.

FIG. 24Billustrates a front surface1940A and a back surface1940B of a removable coarse textured patch1960respectively. The back surface1940B has an adhesive film.

Both the removable fine textured patch1920and coarse textured patch1960can be utilized for microabrasion on skin.

The removable fine textured (less than 50 microns in roughness) patch1920/coarse textured (more than 50 microns in roughness) patch1960can be also infused with a bioactive compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540B for rejuvenation and protection of skin. The bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540B can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

The removable fine textured patch1920/coarse textured patch1960can comprise/include a scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold. The scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold can be infused with a bioactive compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or a mixture of bioactive compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540B for rejuvenation and protection of skin. The bioactive compound/botanical compound/biologically active molecule (including a regulatory protein/growth factor) or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds/biologically active molecules (including regulatory proteins/growth factors)540B can be encapsulated within a nanoshell. The nanoshell can comprise/include ligand(s) to bind/chemically couple with specific receptors of a cell. Furthermore, the above bioactive compound/botanical compound or the mixture of bioactive compounds/botanical compounds can be in an emulsion/microemulsion/nanoemulsion.

Furthermore, the removable fine textured patch1920/coarse textured patch1960can be replaced by a scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold. The scaffold/microscaffold/nanoscaffold can be three-dimensionally printed/nano printed.

FIG. 25Aillustrates a mechanical assembly1980A, which comprises/includes (a) an electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (b) the mechanical structure1380and (c) the detachable skin brush unit1880A/1880B. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B and (c) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 26Aillustrates a mechanical assembly2000A, which comprises/includes (a) the electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (b) the mechanical structure1380and (c) the detachable skin brush unit1880A, wherein the detachable skin brush unit1880A comprises/includes the removable fine textured patch1920/coarse textured patch1960. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B and (c) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 27Aillustrates a mechanical assembly2020A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (c) the electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (d) the mechanical structure1380and (e) the detachable skin brush unit1880A/1880B. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B and (d) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 27Billustrates a front view of the complete mechanical assembly2020B of2020A (as illustrated inFIG. 27A).

FIG. 27Cillustrates a back view2020C of the complete mechanical assembly2020B (as illustrated inFIG. 27B).FIG. 27Ccomprises/includes (a) the bottom contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240and (c) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 28Aillustrates a mechanical assembly2040A.FIG. 28Ais similar toFIG. 27Awith an addition of the removable fine textured patch1920or coarse textured patch1960, but without the detachable skin brush unit1880B.

FIG. 28Billustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly2040B of2040A (as illustrated inFIG. 28A).

FIG. 28Cillustrates a back view2040C of the complete mechanical assembly2040B (as illustrated inFIG. 28B).FIG. 28Ccomprises/includes (a) the bottom contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240and (c) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 29Aillustrates a mechanical assembly2060A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (b) the connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (d) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A, (e) the electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (f) the mechanical structure1380and (g) the detachable skin brush unit1880C/1880D. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B, (c) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (d) the spray indicator260and (e) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 29Cillustrates a complete mechanical assembly2060C, which comprises/includes the removable fine textured patch1920or coarse textured patch1960with the complete mechanical assembly2060B (as illustrated inFIG. 29B), but without the detachable skin brush unit1880D.

FIG. 30Aillustrates a mechanical assembly2080A, which comprises/includes (a) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (b) the electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (c) the mechanical structure1380, (d) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460, (e) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520and (f) the detachable skin brush unit1880C/1880D. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B, (c) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (d) the spray indicator260and (e) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 30Cillustrates a complete mechanical assembly2080C.FIG. 30Cis similar toFIG. 30Bwith an addition of the removable fine textured patch1920or coarse textured patch1960, but without the detachable skin brush unit1880D

FIG. 31Aillustrates a front view of a mechanical assembly2100A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap420, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (d) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (e) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A, (f) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C and (g) the mechanical structure1380. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (d) the spray indicator260and (e) the bottom electrical contact area280. The connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320is not shown due to the shadow of the detachable low intensity light module1240.

FIG. 31Billustrates a back view2100B of the mechanical assembly2100A (as illustrated inFIG. 31A).FIG. 31Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340and (d) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 32Aillustrates a front view of a mechanical assembly2120A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable cap420, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (d) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (e) the mechanical structure1380, (f) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460and (g) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (d) the spray indicator260and (e) the bottom electrical contact area280.

FIG. 32Billustrates a back view2120B of the mechanical assembly2120A (as illustrated inFIG. 32A).FIG. 32Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom electrical contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460.

FIG. 33Aillustrates a mechanical assembly2140A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator)1300, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340, (d) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1360A, (e) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (f) the electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (g) the mechanical structure1380and (h) the detachable skin brush unit1880C/1880D. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B, (d) the vibration (due to the ultrasonic wave generator/vibrator) intensity indicator240A, (e) the spray indicator260and (f) the bottom electrical contact area280. The connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320is not shown due to the shadow of the detachable low intensity light module1240.

FIG. 33Cillustrates a back view2140C of the complete mechanical assembly2140B (as illustrated inFIG. 33B).FIG. 33Ccomprises/includes (a) the bottom contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340and (d) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 34Aillustrates a complete mechanical assembly2160A.FIG. 34Ais similar toFIG. 33B, with an addition of the removable fine textured patch1920or coarse textured patch1960, but without the detachable skin brush unit1880D.

FIG. 34Billustrates a back view2160B of the complete mechanical assembly of2160A (as illustrated inFIG. 34A).FIG. 34Bcomprises/includes (a) the bottom contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the push button (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1340and (d) the mechanical structure1380.

FIG. 35Aillustrates a front view of a mechanical assembly2180A, which comprises/includes (a) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (b) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1360B, (c) the electronic subsystem (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)1360C, (d) the electronic subsystem for motion/vibration (including clockwise motion/counter clockwise motion/circular motion)1360D, (e) the mechanical structure1380, (f) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460, (g) the detachable spray applicator (comprising/including the nozzle)1520and (h) the detachable skin brush unit1880C/1880D. The other components are (a) the power indicator220, (b) the light module indicator (for the detachable low intensity light module1240)220A, (c) the mechanical motion/vibration indicator220B, (d) the vibration (due to the nozzle) intensity indicator240B, (e) the spray indicator260and (f) the bottom electrical contact area280.

The connector (for the detachable spray applicator1300)1320is not shown due to the shadow of the detachable low intensity light module1240.

FIG. 35Billustrates a front view of a complete mechanical assembly2180B of2180A (as illustrated inFIG. 35A).

FIG. 35Cillustrates a back view of the complete mechanical assembly2180C of2180B (as illustrated inFIG. 35B).FIG. 35Ccomprises/includes (a) the bottom contact area280, (b) the detachable low intensity light module1240, (c) the mechanical structure1380and (d) the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460.

FIG. 36Aillustrates a front view of a mechanical assembly2200A, which is similar toFIG. 35Awith an addition of the removable fine textured patch1920or coarse textured patch1960, but without the detachable brush1880D.

FIG. 36Billustrates a back view2200B of the mechanical assembly2200A (as illustrated inFIG. 36A).FIG. 36Bcomprises/includes the bottom contact area280, the detachable low intensity light module1240, the mechanical structure1380and the unit (for the detachable spray applicator1520)1460.

It should be noted that the detachable spray applicator1300/1520with the detachable brush1880D can be utilized for other personal care devices (e.g., a toothbrush). Such devices can be co-packaged or integrated with the detachable light intensity module1240.

By way of an example and not by way of any limitation,FIG. 37Aillustrates various nanooptical elements2220A (therein after represented by a generalized infinity ∞ symbol), which can be a coreshell/sphere/triangle/disk/rod/bowtie/circular hole surrounding by concentric grooves/C aperture/L aperture/designed based on a biological system (e.g., a light harvesting protein in photosynthesis). The material for the nanooptical element can be semiconductor (e.g., silicon)/ceramic (e.g., titanium nitride)/metal (e.g., aluminum/gold/silver/magnesium)/transparent conducting oxide (e.g., zinc oxide)/two-dimensional material (e.g., graphene).

Furthermore, the generalized nanooptical elements2220A can be coated with a layer of a two-dimensional material (e.g., graphene).

The nanooptical element can be fabricated/constructed by electron-beam lithography and/or focused ion-beam milling.

FIG. 37Billustrates the generalized nanooptical elements2220A, functionalized (with a cationic lipid layer e.g., a phospholipid bilayer) generalized nanooptical elements2220B and functionalized generalized nanooptical elements2220C, which can be further chemically coupled with an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 system. siRNA oligos has small size of 21-23 oligos. siRNA can be chemically modified as siRNAMod to enhance enhanced activity, serum stability and reduced less off-targets/immunological activation. An optical CRISPR/Cas9 system is a genetically encoded light (optically) activated Cas9. Additionally, an engineered riboswitch may require an adhesive molecule for binding with a specific gene.

A biocompatible/biodissolvable nanooptical element can be realized by fabricating the generalized nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1with a biocompatible/biodissolvable material (e.g., magnesium/zinc oxide).

The maximum dimension of each nanooptical element of the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or each nanooptical element of the generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1is less than 250 nanometers.

FIG. 38Aillustrates a nanocarrier2240A, which can encapsulate540B and/or the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C and/or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1. The nanocarrier2240A has only one type of ligands to chemically bind with one type of receptors on a cell.

FIG. 38Billustrates a nanocarrier2240B, which can encapsulate540B and/or the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C and/or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1. The nanocarrier2240B has two types of ligands to chemically bind with two types of receptors on a cell-thus enhancing specificity of delivery of the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1.

The maximum dimension (e.g., diameter) of the nanocarrier2240A/2240B is less than 500 nanometers.

It should be noted that540B or engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 system can be encapsulated within the nanocarrier2240A/2240B without even chemically coupling with the functionalized generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1.

In an example,540B can be luric acid and/or an isolated active protein fromPrupionibacterium acnesphages for treatment against acne. Furthermore, luric acid and/or an isolated active protein fromPropionibacterium acnesphages can be encapsulated within the nanocarrier2240A/2240B (or the nanoshell) or said nanocarrier2240A/2240B (or the nanoshell) can also be infused in the patch1920/1960for delivery of540B.

In another example,540B can be 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine or Lomaiviticin A (or its chemical/structural analogue), which can induce death of skin cancer cells/cancer cells, by cleaving skin cancer cell's/cancer cell's DNA structure. Three-dimensional structure of Lomaiviticin A is given below.

Furthermore, both lipid and cyclodextrin based nanocarrier can be utilized for siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod.

The outer surface of the nanocarrier2240A/2240B can be coated with an immune shielding functional surface to protect from a human body's inherent immune surveillance. A polymer membrane (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer/water-like polymer) can be utilized as an immune shielding functional surface. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) membrane is a low-toxicity polymer and it can shield against hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions. Alternatively, a natural red blood/artificial red blood cell/three-dimensionally printed blood cell membrane can be also utilized as an immune shielding functional surface.

FIG. 39Aillustrates delivery of the540B and/or generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C and/or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1into a cell via the nanocarrier2240A (decorated with one ligand) and subsequent release of an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 system from the generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1upon exposure to light at a plasmon resonance wavelength.

FIG. 39Billustrates delivery of the540B and/or generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C and/or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1into a cell via the nanocarrier2240B (decorated with two ligands) and subsequent release of an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 system from the generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1upon exposure to light at a plasmon resonance wavelength.

FIG. 39Cillustrates binding/chemical coupling of an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 onto a specific gene. It should be noted that an engineered riboswitch may require an adhesive molecule for binding/chemical coupling with a specific gene.

FIG. 39Dillustrates a flow chart method to control/chemically couple/edit of a gene, utilizing an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 into a cell. In step 10 select a gene/gene circuit/signaling circuit to control/chemically couple/edit. In step 11, select an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/optical CRISPR/Cas9 to control/chemically couple/edit the gene/gene circuit/signaling circuit as in step 10. In step 12, design and fabricate/construct the generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1(functionalized with an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9) at a defined plasmonic resonance. In step 13, encapsulate generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1into the nanocarrier2240A/2240B. The outer surface of the nanocarrier2240A/2240B can be decorated with an immune shielding functional surface to protect from a human body's inherent immune surveillance, as described in the previous paragraph. In step 14, introduce generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1(functionalized with an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9) into a cell. In step 15, release an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9 from the generalized nanooptical elements2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1(functionalized with an engineered riboswitch/notch molecule/siRNA/siRNA oligos/siRNAmod/optical CRISPR/Cas9) into a cell for controlling/chemically coupling/editing. It should be noted that the optical CRISPR/Cas9 will require an additional photo excitation from a light source (e.g., a laser). In step 16, evaluate the control/chemically couple/edit of the gene/gene circuit/signaling circuit (according to the step 10). For in vivo therapeutic applications, generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220C1should be utilized.

Sebum production is partly regulated by androgen. Androgen receptors are located within the basal layer of sebaceous glands. In the presence of excess sebum, acne-causing bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes andStaphylococcus epidermiscolonize skin surface in increasing numbers. These bacteria disrupt the pH balance of skin-further increasing sebum production and abnormal cycle of inflammation which produces the inflammatory lesions (observed during moderate and severe breakouts of acne pimples).

FIG. 40Aillustrates a liquid mixed with the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1on acne pimples. The generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1can be decorated with a ligand(s) to bind with one or more types of specific receptors on acne pimples (e.g. androgen receptors). Ultrasound wave beam2260can be utilized first to drive the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1into acne pimples and then followed by a pulsed laser excitation2280at a plasmonic resonance to treat acne pimples.

FIG. 40Billustrates a semi-rigid/flexible/conformal substrate2300A, which comprises/includes the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1placed on acne pimples. The nanooptical generalized elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1can be decorated with a ligand(s) to bind with one or more types of receptors on acne pimples. Ultrasound wave beam2260can be utilized to drive the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1into acne pimples and then followed by a pulsed laser excitation2280at a plasmonic resonance to treat acne pimples.

FIG. 40Cis similar toFIG. 40B, except the semi-rigid/flexible/conformal substrate2300A can be replaced by the biocompatible/biodissolvable semi-rigid/flexible/conformal (e.g., a pure silk substrate)2300B on acne pimples.

FIG. 40Dillustrates an accumulation of the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1at a root of an acne pimple. The above nanooptical elements can be excited by an ultrasound wave beam2260and/or a pulsed laser excitation2280for treating acne pimples.

Similarly,40E illustrates an accumulation of the generalized nanooptical elements2220A/2220B/2220C or generalized (biocompatible/biodissolvable) nanooptical elements2220A1/2220B1/2220C1at a root of an unwanted hair. The above nanooptical elements can be excited by an ultrasound wave beam2260and/or a pulsed laser excitation2280for removal of an unwanted hair.

It should be noted that a different pulsed laser excitation with a different duty cycle/laser intensity/laser pulse width/laser wavelength may be needed in the case of hair removal, when compared with acne treatment.

Gold nanooptical element shaped as Swiss-crosses (wherein each cross is about 30 nanometers thick with horizontal and vertical arm lengths of 150 and 100 nanometers respectively) can convert sub-picosecond pulses of laser light at a plasmonic resonance into ultrahigh frequency sound waves.

FIG. 40Fillustrates a nanosystem2240C, which comprises/includes a nanoshell A, nanoshell B and nanoshell C. The nanoshell A can be a polyethylene-glycol based polymer decorated with a small peptide to bind with specific receptor of a cell. The nanoshell A with a polyethylene-glycol based polymer can evade human immune system. The nanoshell A can encapsulate/cage a cancer drug(s) (e.g., doxorubicin and/or nitrobenzaldehyde and/or Lomaiviticin A) and/or a photosensitizer (e.g., aminolevulinic acid and/or a vitamin E analog mitocan) and/or an RNAi molecule(s) and/or p53 protein. A specific group of mitocan, the vitamin E analog can act on mitochondria to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The nanoshell A can also act as a photosensitizer. The nanoshell A can be chemically coupled with a near-infrared fluorescent polymer to visualize its accumulation at cancer cells. It should be noted that an ultraviolet wavelength laser may be required for photoactivating nitrobenzaldehyde. The photosensitizer can release reactive oxygen species upon activated/stimulated by a (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of a suitable wavelength and a suitable intensity/dose. The nanoshell B is an upconverting nanoshell which converts a (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of near-infrared wavelength into a (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of visible wavelength. The nanoshell C is a cerium fluoride nanoparticle. Cerium fluoride can also release reactive oxygen species upon activated/stimulated by x-ray of a suitable dose.

FIG. 40Gillustrates destruction of acne pimples/skin cancer cells/cancer cells, when the nanosystem2240C is taken up by acne pimples/skin cancer cells/cancer cells, upon activated/stimulated by a near-infrared (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of a suitable intensity/dose and x-ray of a suitable dose. Furthermore, extra copies of p53 protein can condemn skin cancer cells/cancer cells to death. Any leftover nanocomponents of the nanosystem2240C can be filtered out by the kidney.

FIG. 40Hillustrates a nanosystem2240D, which comprises/includes a tube shaped nanoscaled DNA cargo/metal (e.g., gold) rod (which is about 35 nm long and about 10 nm in width). The tube shaped DNA cargo/metal rod can be coupled/chemically coupled with the nanoshell A, nanoshell B, nanoshell C by strands of biological material (e.g., apatmers/DNAs/RNAs). Furthermore, the tube shaped DNA cargo/metal rod can be coupled/chemically coupled with metal (e.g., gold) spheres by strands of biological material. The nanoshell A, nanoshell B, nanoshell C and metal spheres can be decorated with immune evading surface, as described in the previous paragraph. In case of the tube shaped nanoscaled DNA cargo, the tube shaped DNA cargo can encapsulate/cage a cancer drug(s) and/or a photosensitizer and/or an RNAi molecule(s) and/or extra copies of p53 protein. The nanoshell A can be a polyethylene-glycol based polymer, which may evade human immune system. The nanoshell A can encapsulate/cage a cancer drug(s) and/or a photosensitizer and/or an RNAi molecule(s) and/or extra copies of p53 protein. A specific group of mitocan, the vitamin E analog can act on mitochondria to increase reactive oxygen species production. The nanoshell A can also act as a photosensitizer. The nanoshell A can be chemically coupled with a near-infrared fluorescent polymer to visualize its accumulation at cancer cells. It should be noted that an ultraviolet wavelength laser may be required for photoactivating nitrobenzaldehyde. The photosensitizer can release reactive oxygen species upon activated/stimulated by a (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of a suitable wavelength and a suitable intensity/dose. The nanoshell B is an upconverting nanoshell which converts a (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of near-infrared wavelength into a (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of visible wavelength. The nanoshell C is a cerium fluoride nanoparticle. Cerium fluoride can release reactive oxygen species upon activated/stimulated by x-ray of a suitable dose. The strands of the biological material can also comprise/include a cancer drug(s) and/or a photosensitizer and/or an RNAi molecule(s) and/or extra copies of p53 protein. It should be noted that about 15 nanoshells can be integrated with the tube shaped nanoscaled DNA cargo/gold rod.

Furthermore, a conversion of near-infrared (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light to visible (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light can be also realized by a four-wave mixing method.

FIG. 40Iillustrates entry of the nanosystem2240D to skin cancer cells/cancer cells.

FIG. 40Jillustrates destruction of acne pimples/skin cancer cells/cancer cells, when the nanosystem2240D is taken up by acne pimples/skin cancer cells/cancer cells, upon activated/stimulated by near-infrared (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light of a suitable intensity/dose and x-ray of a suitable dose. Furthermore, extra copies of p53 protein can condemn skin cancer cells/cancer cells to death. Any leftover nanocomponents of the nanosystem2240D can be filtered out by the kidney.

In some cases, the near-infrared (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light may be guided by a fiber optic system (e.g., a fiber optic bronchoscope). The near-infrared (continuous wave/pulsed) laser light exiting from the fiber optic system can be focused at below the diffraction limited spot, by integrating a nanofocussing element (e.g., the nanofocussing element2540B, as illustrated inFIG. 42A/42B) with the fiber optic system. An ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography method can he also utilized to print the nanofocusing device2540B at the exit of an optical fiber of the fiber optic system.

Examples of Topical/Non-Topical Composition (Formulation)540B

About 200 mg of Argan oil or about 200 mg of Coconut (preferably mature coconut) oil or about 200 mg of Marula oil or about 200 mg Pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil or about 200 mg of Red Raspberry seed oil or about 600 mg of Turmeric oil or 600 mg of Winter Rose oil can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5. About 200 mg ofAloe veraextract or about 200 mg ofGlycyrrhiza Glabraextract or about 200 mg of pine bark extract can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5. About 100 mg of caviar extract or about 200 mg of silk fibroin can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5.

About 200 mg of extract of stem cells of leaves ofLycopersicon esculentumor about 200 mg of extract of stem cells ofMalus domesticacan be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5.

Regulatory proteins, called growth factors are biologically active molecules. Suitable amounts of growth factors (from stem cells) can be added. These growth factors can also be nanoformulated/nanoencapsulated (for repairing damaged skin). Fibroblasts are a type of cell found in the connective tissue, where fibroblasts produce proteins such as collagen, elastin and GAG, which are all critical to repairing skin density and the overall look/quality of the skin. Suitable amounts of fibroblasts can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5.

Furthermore, activators of fibroblasts such as 1,3 beta glucan, chlorella, EGF, GHK-copper peptides, niacinamide, R-lipoic acid and retinaldehyde and/or the synergistic combination(s) of the above activators of fibroblasts can activate fibroblasts and supply nutrients to fibroblasts. Suitable amounts of activators of fibroblasts can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5. Furthermore, the above activators of fibroblasts can be nanoformulated/nanoencapsulated. Fibroblast growth factors are critical for repairing damaged skin. Fibroblast growth factors can induce expression of Nrf2, which regulates the expression of proteins involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Suitable amounts of fibroblast growth factors can be also added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5.

About 0.5% by weight of ebselen, a broad spectrum antioxidant can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5. The chemical structure of ebselen is given below.

A suitable amount of selenohydantoin, an antioxidant and anticancer compound can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5. Furthermore, a chemical derivative/structural analogue of selenohydantoin can also be utilized. The chemical structure of selenohydantoin is given below.

Zinc finger technology (ZFT) can be utilized to repair DNA damage and assist in the production of proteins and antioxidants within skin cells. A suitable amount of zinc finger technology (ZFT) can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5.

Additionally, a nanoemulsion system/biodegradable substrate (e.g., silk)/silicone-based polymer substrate with a high degree of stability can be utilized for transdermal delivery (via a patch) of the topical composition (formulation) in Table 5.

Suitable amounts of acetyl hexapeptide-3 and/or ceramide 2 and/or L-ascorbic acid/magnesium ascorbyl phosphate/sodium ascorbyl phosphate can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 6.

About 0.5% by weight of ebselen, a broad spectrum antioxidant can be added with the topical composition (formulation) in Table 6.

Additionally, a nanoemulsion system/biodegradable substrate (e.g., silk)/silicone-based polymer substrate with a high degree of stability can be utilized for transdermal delivery (via a patch) of the topical composition (formulation) in Table 6.

About 200 mg of Bisdemethoxycurcumin and/or about 200 mg of Curcumin and/or about 200 mg of Cycloastragenol and/or about 20 Mg of Dasatinib and/or about 200 mg of Metformine and/or about 200 mg ofMomordica charantiaand/or about 200 mg of Withanolides (or a chemical derivative/structural analog of Withanolides) and/or about 200 mg of Withanosides (or a chemical derivative/structural analog of Withanosides) and/or 0.06 mg of Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) can be added to the non-topical composition (formulation) in Table 7. The non-topical composition (formulation) in Table 7 with or without addition of a bioactive compound(s) in the previous paragraph in can be beneficial to protect against ageing by suppressing/inhibiting mTOR.

Fast Three-Dimensional Printer

The three-dimensional printing is an additive process, which means that a three-dimensional solid object can be formed by adding material in layers. This is in sharp contrast to current subtractive process, through which an object is formed by cutting/machining material into a desired shape. After a computer aided design (CAD) file is sent to a three-dimensional printer, one can choose a set of specific materials (e.g., composites, metals and plastics). In the three-dimensional printing, the materials are usually sprayed, squeezed or otherwise transferred from the three-dimensional printer onto a platform and then the three-dimensional printer makes passes (like an inkjet printer) over the platform, depositing a material layer on top of a material layer to print a product. The average thickness of a three-dimensionally printed layer is about 15 microns to 100 microns.

FIG. 41Aillustrates a fast three-dimensional printer2560A for realizing a printed device (e.g., the multifunctional hairbrush device101A). A high power (100 watts to 1000 watts) master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) based short pulse fiber laser2380A comprises/includes (a) a 980 nm pump laser module2320, (b) a master oscillator power amplifier module2340and (c) an actively doped fiber2360. The high power laser beam is expanded by an optical laser beam expander2400and the laser beam is divided by a beam splitter2420. The laser beam is preciously positioned by a scanning stage2440onto a material tray (utilizing a roller and a larger diameter input nozzle)2460A. Fast three-dimensional printing is enabled by (a) larger diameter nozzle (about 0.20 inch in diameter instead of currently utilized 0.020 inch in diameter) and (b) higher power pulsed fiber laser. Larger diameter nozzle can enable to lay down more material and higher power pulsed fiber laser can print more material layer-thus, resulting in a fast three-dimensional printer. Backward propagated laser beam from the beam splitter2420can be imaged by a CCD camera2480for in-situ process inspection. The laser beam from the master oscillator power amplifier based short pulse fiber laser2380A and the scanning stage2440are controlled by a controller2500. Furthermore, the computer aided design file can be verified and authenticated (against any misuse of intellectual property rights) by a centralized database stored in a cloud based computer2520.

FIG. 41Billustrates a two-photon based three-dimensional printer2560B for printing a micro/nanostructure. In many aspects, a two-photon based three-dimensional micro/nanoprinter2560B is similar to the three-dimensional printer2560A. The two-photon based three-dimensional printer2560B utilizes a super high resolution femtosecond laser2380B, a microscope objective2540A/nanofocusing device2540B and a tray2460B for (biocompatible) photosensitive material (e.g., a positive-tone/negative-tone photoresist/inorganic-organic hybrid polymer/ormocer). Molecules in the (biocompatible) photosensitive material can harden to form a micro/nanostructure (e.g., a micro/nanoscaffold), when photosensitive molecules absorb two photons from the super high resolution femtosecond laser2380B. The average thickness of a three-dimensionally nanoprinted layer is about 100 nm.

FIG. 42Aillustrates a tapered waveguide to focus the laser light below the Abbey's diffraction limit. The waveguide comprises/includes an ultrathin (about 100 nanometers) layer of silicon dioxide sandwiched between two ultrathin (about 30 nanometers) layers of gold. The waveguide can be tapered adiabatically (over 150 nanometers) in three dimensions to a singular point.

FIG. 42Billustrates a pattern of nanoscaled holes in ultrathin (100 nanometers) metal layer (supported by a transparent substrate) to focus the laser light below the Abbey's diffraction limit. The pattern comprises/includes about 20,000 nanoscaled holes, each hole having about 150 nanometers in diameter.

In the disclosed specifications “/” has been used to indicate an “or”. Any example in the disclosed specifications is by way of an example only and not by way of any limitation.

The inventor of the present invention is not required to describe each and every conceivable and possible future embodiment in the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. SeeSRI Int'l v. Matsushita Elec. Corp. of America,775F.2d 1107, 1121, 227 U.S.P.O. (BNA) 577, 585 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (enbanc).

The disclosed specifications are the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. However, they are not intended to be limiting only to the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. Accordingly, those who are skilled in the art can make variations and/or modifications (e.g., growth and protection of hair can mean growth and/or protection of hair or a detachable component/subsystem can be configured as an integrated component/subsystem) of the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

The term-“means” was not used nor intended nor implied in the disclosed preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the inventor has not limited the scope of the claims as mean plus function. Furthermore, the scope and spirit of the present invention shall be defined by the claims and the equivalents of the claims only.