Method of making clear shampoo products

A clear shampoo is described which contains a cationic oil-in-water emulsion of an amine functional polydimethyl silicone, and a method of making clear and stable shampoo compositions, in which an emulsion of an amine functional siloxane can be added to a shampoo composition without causing cloudiness, and without contributing instability to the shampoo composition whereby phase separation occurs. In accordance with the method, an emulsion of an amine functional siloxane is added to a shampoo composition without the necessity of requiring that a pearling agent be employed for the purpose of disguising cloudiness.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention is directed to a clear shampoo, and clear shampoo products 
which contain a cationic oil-in-water emulsion of an amine functional 
polydimethyl silicone. 
In the "Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients" by Anthony L. L. Hunting, 
Micelle Press Inc. Cranford, N.J. 1983, on Pages 40 and 143, there is 
described a shampoo formulation Number S052 of Avon Products, Inc. New 
York, N.Y., known as "New Vitality Conditioning Shampoo", which contains a 
cationic emulsion. The cationic emulsion is said to be a blend of 
Amodimethicone Tallowtrimonium Chloride, and Nonoxynol-10, which are the 
adopted names of The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association of 
Washington, D.C., (CTFA). 
This silicone containing cationic emulsion has been traditionally known in 
the hair care art to tend towards the formation of precipitates in anionic 
detergent systems such as shampoo products. While the silicone containing 
cationic emulsion is an excellent shampoo ingredient from the standpoint 
of providing conditioning such as improved wet-combing ease, luster and 
resistance to dry fly-away, shampoo formulators have heretofore marketed 
products which contain the cationic emulsion in a form which contains a 
pearling agent in order to mask any turbidity in their product. 
Thus, the "New Vitality Conditioning Shampoo" noted above, includes as an 
ingredient glycol stearate, a known pearling agent. 
A need therefore exists in the personal care market for clear shampoos 
containing cationic silicone emulsions which can be formulated without the 
necessity of masking by pearling otherwise turbid products or products 
having high cloud points. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a method of making clear and stable shampoo 
compositions in which an emulsion of an amine functional siloxane can be 
added to a shampoo composition without causing cloudiness, and without 
contributing instability to the shampoo composition whereby phase 
separation occurs. 
The invention further relates to a method of making clear and stable 
shampoo compositions in which an emulsion of an amine functional siloxane 
can be added to a shampoo composition without the necessity of requiring 
that a pearling agent be employed for the purpose of disguising 
cloudiness. 
These and other features, objects, and advantages, of the herein defined 
present invention will become more apparent from a consideration of the 
following detailed description thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The conditioning agent used for purposes of the present invention as a 
shampoo additive, can be best described as an amine substituted siloxane 
polymer containing reactive silanol (.tbd.SiOH) functionality that is 
stabilized in the form of an aqueous emulsion by means of a cationic 
surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. The siloxane polymer is represented 
by the formula: 
##STR1## 
in which x and y are integers having positive values which control the 
molecular weight of the polymer. Typically, x has a value of from one to 
about four thousand, and y has a value of from one to about one hundred. 
When the emulsion is broken, the siloxane polymer is no longer stabilized 
and may crosslink and cure by condensation of the silanol groups. 
An alternate form of the siloxane polymer can be represented by the 
formula: 
##STR2## 
in which x has a value of from one to about four thousand, y has a value 
of from one to about one hundred, and z has a value of from one to about 
forty. In his form, the silicone material is a cross-linked film forming 
polymer which exists in the collodial state. 
In either form of the siloxane polymer, the most preferred aminoalkyl group 
on silicon is the group--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 
NH.sub.2 although other equivalent aminoalkyl groups can be employed as is 
known in the art. Thus, there may be employed for example radicals such as 
--RNHCH.sub.3 ; --RNHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; --RN(CH.sub.2 
CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; --RNH(CH.sub.2).sub.6 NH.sub.2 ; and --RNHCH.sub.2 
CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; in which R is a divalent alkylene 
radical having from three to six carbon atoms. 
The cationic surfactant used to prepare the cationic silicone emulsion is 
Tallowtrimonium Chloride which is the CTFA adopted name for the quaternary 
ammonium salt trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride which has the formula 
[RN(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ].sup.+ Cl.sup.- in which R is an alkyl group derived 
from tallow. The nonionic surfactant used to prepare the cationic silicone 
emulsion is Nonoxynol-10 which is the CTFA adopted name for an ethoxylated 
alkyl phenol conforming to the formula C.sub.9 H.sub.19 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 
(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n OH in which the average value of the integer n 
is about ten. 
This cationic silicone emulsion is available commercially as a product of 
the Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Mich. 48686-0994. The silicone 
content of the emulsion is approximately thirty-five percent by weight. 
Such emulsions are oil-in-water type compositions in which the siloxane 
polymer functions as the internal phase. The particle diameter of he 
siloxane polymer in the emulsion is typically of the order of magnitude of 
one hundred nanometers and above, and therefore the emulsions have a milky 
white appearance to the naked eye, even at high dilutions of 0.1 weight 
percent for example. It is very surprising therefore that it is possible 
in accordance with the present invention to formulate clear shampoos from 
such silicone containing cationic emulsions. 
The shampoo composition prepared in accordance with the method of the 
present invention contains a surfactant such as an anionic, amphoteric, 
nonionic, or cationic emulsifying agent, and mixtures of such emulsifying 
agents. The surfactant should provide an acceptable level of foam on the 
hair and be capable of cleaning the hair. 
Suitable anionic surfactants include sulfonated and sulfated alkyl, 
aralkyl, and alkaryl anionic detergents such as alkyl succinates, alkyl 
sulfosuccinates, and N-alkyl sarcosinates. Representative detergents are 
the sodium, magnesium, ammonium, and the mono-, di-, and triethanolamine 
salts of alkyl and aralkyl sulfates, as well as the salts of alkaryl 
sulfonates. The alkyl groups of the detergents should have a total of from 
twelve to about twenty-one carbon atoms, and may be unsaturated. Fatty 
alkyl groups are preferred. The sulfates may be sulfate ethers containing 
one to ten ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, with two 
to three ethylene oxide units being sufficient for most purposes. 
Typical anionic detergents are sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether 
sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium 
C14-16 olefin sulfonate, ammonium C12-15 pareth sulfate, sodium myristyl 
ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, disodium 
monooleamidosulfosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium 
dodecylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and 
sodium N-lauryol sarcosinate. 
Particularly suitable anionic surfactants in accordance with the concept of 
the present invention are compounds such as ammonium lauryl sulfate which 
is a product sold under the tradename STANDAPOL A, and sodium laureth 
sulfate which is a product sold under the tradename STANDAPOL ES-3, by 
Henkel Corp./Emery Grp. Cospha/CD of Ambler, Pa. Sodium lauryl ether 
sulfate may also be employed, and this product is sold under the tradename 
EMPICOL ESB 70 by Albright & Wilson Ltd. of Warley, United Kingdom. 
Among the various surfactants classified as amphoteric or ampholytic which 
may be used are cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, cocoamphocarboxypropionate, 
cocobetaine, N-cocamidopropyldimethylglycine, and 
N-lauryl-N-carboxymethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine. Other suitable 
amphoteric detergents which may be used include betaines and sultaines. 
Betaines may have the formula R'R"R'"N.sup.+ (CH.sub.2).sub.m COO.sup.- in 
which R' is an alkyl group having twelve to eighteen carbon atoms and 
mixtures thereof; R" and R'" are lower alkyl groups of one to three carbon 
atoms and m has a value of one to four. Specific compounds may include 
alpha-(tetradecyldimethylammonio)acetate, 
beta-(hexadecyldiethylammonio)propionate, and 
gamma-(dodecyldimethylammonio)butyrate. 
Sultaines may have the formula R'R"R'"N.sup.+ (CH.sub.2).sub.m 
SO.sub.3.sup.- in which R', R", R'", and m, are the same as defined above. 
Specific compounds may include 
3-(dodecyldimethylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate, and 
3-(tetradecyldimethylammonio)ethane-1-sulfonate. 
A suitable amphoteric surfactant for purposes of the present invention is 
cocamidopropyl betaine which is a product sold under the tradename AMONYL 
380BA by Seppic of Paris, France. 
Nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the shampoo compositions of the 
present invention can be fatty acid alkanolamides and amine oxide 
surfactants. Representative fatty acid alkanolamides include fatty acid 
diethanolamides such as isostearic acid diethanolamide, lauric acid 
diethanolamide, capric acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid 
diethanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid 
diethanolamide, oleic acid diethanolamide, and stearic acid 
diethanolamide. Suitable fatty acid monoethanolamides include coconut 
fatty acid monoethanolamide. Fatty acid monisopropanolamides which may be 
used are oleic acid monoisopropanolamide and lauric acid 
monoisopropanolamide. 
Amine oxide nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention 
are N-alkyl amine oxides such as N-cocodimethylamine oxide, N-lauryl 
dimethylamine oxide, N-myristyl dimethylamine oxide, and N-stearyl 
dimethylamine oxide. Suitable N-acyl amine oxides are N-cocoamidopropyl 
dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide. 
N-alkoxyalkyl amine oxides such as bis(2-hydroxyethyl) C12-15 
alkoxy-propylamine oxide may also be employed. The hydrophobic portion of 
the amine oxide surfactant should be provided by a fatty hydrocarbon chain 
of about ten to twenty-one carbon atoms. 
A particularly suitable nonionic surfactant in accordance with the concept 
of the present invention is cocamide DEA which is a product sold under the 
tradename MONAMID 1159 by Mona Industries of Paterson, N.J. Linoleic 
diethanolamide may also be employed and is sold under the tradename 
EMPILAN 2125 by Albright & Wilson Ltd. of Warley, United Kingdom. 
Other nonionic surfactants which may be used are Cocamide MEA sold under 
the tradename ORAMIDE ML 115 by Seppic of Paris, France, and PEG-120 
methylglucose dioleate sold under the tradename GLUCAMATE DOE 120 by 
Amerchol Corporation, Edison, N.J. 
Cationic surfactants useful in the shampoo compositions of the present 
invention may include those compounds which contain amino or quaternary 
ammonium hydrophilic moieties in the molecule which are positively 
charged, such as quaternary ammonium salts. Representative of the various 
quaternary ammonium salts which may be employed are ditallowdimethyl 
ammonium chloride, ditallowdimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dihexadecyl 
dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium 
chloride, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dieicosyl dimethyl 
ammonium chloride, didocosyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated 
tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium acetate, 
ditallow dipropyl ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, 
di(coconutalkyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride, and stearyl dimethyl benzyl 
ammonium chloride. The shampoo compositions of the invention may contain 
other adjuvants to provide a product which is aesthetically pleasant to 
the consumer such as thickeners, perfumes, colorants, electrolytes, pH 
control agents, foam boosters and builders, foam stabilizers, 
antimicrobials, antioxidants, ultraviolet light absorbers, and 
medicaments. Such adjuvants however should be carefully selected so as not 
to cause any turbidity in the final clear shampoo product of the 
invention. 
Thickeners are used to facilitate the hand application of the shampoo 
composition to the hair, and are added in sufficient quantities to provide 
a more luxurious effect. Shampoo compositions with viscosities in the 
range of one thousand to fifteen thousand centistokes measured at 
twenty-five degrees Centigrade, are generally sufficient. Representative 
thickening agents which may be used are sodium alignate; gum arabic; guar 
gum; hydroxypropyl guar gum; cellulose derivatives such as 
methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and 
hydroxypropylcellulose; starch and starch derivatives such as 
hydroxyethylamylose and starch amylose; locust bean gum; electrolytes such 
as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride; saccharides such as fructose and 
glucose and derivatives of saccharides such as PEG-120 methyl glucose 
dioleate. 
Only cosmetically acceptable perfumes and fragrances should be used to 
prepare the shampoo composition. Colorants may be added where it is 
desired to confer a clear hue to the composition. An acid may be employed 
to adjust the pH within the range of about four to nine. Any water soluble 
carboxylic acid or mineral acid may be employed. Suitable compounds 
include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and 
phosphoric acid monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, lactic acid, and 
propionic acid; and polycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic 
acid, and citric acid. 
Additional conditioners, other than the cationic silicone emulsion, may be 
added to the shampoo composition in the form of organic cationic 
conditioning agents for the purpose of providing more hair grooming. Such 
cationic conditioning agents may include quaternary nitrogen derivatives 
of cellulose ethers; homopolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride; 
copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride; 
homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid 
which contain cationic nitrogen functional groups attached to the polymer 
by ester or amide linkages; polycondensation products of 
N,N'-bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-piperazine or piperazine-bis-acrylamide and 
piperazine; and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and acrylic acid esters 
with quaternary nitrogen functionality. Specific materials include the 
various polyquats Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-8, Polyquaternium-10, 
Polyquaternium-11, and Polyquaternium-23. 
Cationic surfactants such as cetyl trimethylammonium chloride, cetyl 
trimethylammonium bromide, and stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, may also 
be employed in the compositions as a cationic conditioning agent. 
A preservative may be required and representative compounds which may be 
employed include formaldehyde, DMDM hydantoin, 
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, sorbic acid, 
diazolidinyl urea, and imidazolidinyl urea. 
Other adjuvants such as vitamins and therapeutic agents may be added to the 
shampoo compositions of the present invention provided such adjuvants do 
not interfere with the clarity of the product. 
Clear shampoos prepared in accordance with the teaching of the method of 
the present invention contain from 3-30 percent by weight of an anionic 
surfactant as measured on a solids basis; from 0.25-25.0 percent by weight 
of a cationic silicone emulsion; water in an amount of 50-97 percent by 
weight; sufficient of an electrolyte to provide a shampoo product having a 
viscosity of from 1,000-15,000 centistokes and a pH adjusting amount of an 
acid sufficient to provide a shampoo product with a pH of 4-7. 
Clear shampoos are prepared by forming an anionic surfactant solution, 
adding the cationic silicone emulsion to the anionic surfactant solution, 
adjusting the pH of the mixture to a value between 4-7, and adding 
electrolytes and any other desired adjuvants. It is important to add the 
cationic silicone emulsion to the anionic surfactant solution accompanied 
by sufficient agitation to provide for a thorough mixing of the 
ingredients, but not at a speed which would tend to whip the mixture 
causing the formation of a foam or an aerated mixture. The cationic 
silicone emulsion should be fed to the anionic surfactant solution at a 
rate which allows dispersement of the emulsion, and at a temperature at 
which water is not evaporated. Temperatures less than about thirty-five 
degrees Centigrade have been found to be most suitable. 
While foam boosters and thickeners may be added at any point in the 
process, they should be added during preparation of the anionic surfactant 
solution. If additional anionic surfactants are required, such additions 
should be made following the addition of the electrolytes. Where 
additional conditioning agents are determined to be required beyond the 
cationic silicone emulsion, they can be added at any point in the process, 
although for the best results, it is preferred that they be added as the 
last ingredient. 
The invention is further illustrated in more detail by reference to the 
following examples and tables. 
EXAMPLE I 
Five shampoo base formulas were prepared and are shown in Table I. In Table 
I, "Premix 1" refers an aqueous mixed clear solution containing 350 grams 
of ammonium lauryl sulfate (30% solids), 30 grams of Cocamide DEA, and 670 
grams of water. "Premix 2" refers an aqueous mixed clear solution 
containing 480 grams of ammonium lauryl sulfate (30% solids), 70 grams of 
Cocamide DEA, and 450 grams of water. "Emulsion 1" in Table I refers to an 
amine substituted siloxane polymer containing reactive silanol (.tbd.SiOH) 
functionality that was stabilized in the form of an aqueous emulsion by 
means of a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. The siloxane 
polymer had the formula; 
##STR3## 
in which x had a value of from one to about four thousand, and y had a 
value of from one to about one hundred. The cationic surfactant used to 
prepare the cationic silicone emulsion was Tallowtrimonium Chloride of the 
formula [RN(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ].sup.+ Cl.sup.- in which R was a C.sub.16 to 
C.sub.18 alkyl group derived from tallow. The nonionic surfactant used to 
prepare the cationic silicone emulsion was Nonoxynol-10 of the formula 
C.sub.9 H.sub.19 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n OH in which n 
was ten. 
"Emulsion 2" was the same as "Emulsion 1" except that the cationic 
surfactant had an R group of sixteen carbon atoms, and the nonionic 
surfactant had the formula C.sub.13 H.sub.27 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.12 
OH. "Emulsion 3" in Table I was the same as "Emulsion 2" except that the 
level of cationic surfactant used to prepare "Emulsion 3" was increased 
four-fold over that of the level of cationic surfactant employed in the 
preparation of "Emulsion 2". 
All of the shampoo base formulas prepared in this example were tested 
visually with the naked eye and determined to be clear. Shampoo base 
formulas 3 and 6 were evaluated for their foam production, and wet feel 
and wet combining on hair tresses. Wet combining was determined using a 
rating scale of one for the best and five for the worst. Formula 3 
performed admirably as a shampoo in these subjective evaluations as shown 
in Table II, compared to Formula 6 which was a blank containing no 
silicone emulsion. 
TABLE I 
______________________________________ 
SHAMPOO BASE FORMULAS (Grams) 
Ingredient 
1 2 3 6 7 
______________________________________ 
Premix 1 
15 15 -- -- -- 
Premix 2 
-- -- 15 15 15 
Emulsion 1 
-- .9 .9 -- .9 
Emulsion 3 
.9 -- -- -- -- 
Citric Acid 
pH 5.5 pH 5.5 pH 5.5 pH 5.5 pH 5.0 
NH.sub.4 Cl 
.16 .16 .12 .1 -- 
Visual clear clear clear clear clear 
______________________________________ 
TABLE II 
______________________________________ 
SUBJECTIVE HAIR EVALUATION 
Wet Combing 
Shampoo Foam Wet Feel (1 = best, 5 = worst) 
______________________________________ 
Formula 3 
excellent good 2 
Formula 6 
excellent good 4 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE II 
Nine additional shampoo base formulas were prepared and are shown in Table 
III. In Table III, "Emulsion 1" is the same as "Emulsion 1" in Example I 
and Table II. The shampoo base formulas shown in Table III were prepared 
by first combining water, ammonium lauryl sulfate, Cocamide DEA, and the 
cellulose polymer. The cationic silicone "Emulsion 1" was added, and the 
mixture was stirred at a rate sufficient to disperse the emulsion, but at 
a rate to avoid whipping of the mixture, foam formation, or aeration of 
the mixture. The pH of the mixture was adjusted with citric acid to a 
value as shown in the table. Ammonium chloride was added and mixed, 
followed by the addition of sodium chloride. Sodium lauryl ether (3) 
sulfate was added as the last ingredient and accompanied with agitation. 
All of the shampoo base formulas prepared in this example were tested 
visually with the naked eye and determined to be clear. Shampoo base 
formulas 13 and 16 were evaluated for their wet combining on three types 
of hair tresses including "Fine Hair", "Bleached Hair", and "Damaged 
Hair". Formula 16 which contained no cationic silicone emulsion was used 
as the control. Wet combining was determined using a rating scale of one 
for the best and five for the worst. Formula 13, which was a shampoo 
according to the invention, performed admirably in these subjective 
evaluations following one treatment as shown in Table IV, and following 
five treatments as shown in Table V. 
TABLE III 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Shampoo Base Formulas (Grams) 
Ingredient 
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Ammonium 30 48 48 48 48 48 30 240 240 
lauryl sulfate 
(30%) 
Cocamide DEA 
3 3 8 3 8 3 3 15 35 
Hydroxypropyl- 
1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
cellulose 
Water 61 30 40.5 
43.8 
33.3 
45.3 
64.3 
226.5 
225 
Emulsion 1 
2 10 2 2 10 2 2 10 -- 
Citric Acid 
7 7 7 5 5 5 5.1 
5.7 5.8 
(pH of shampoo) 
Ammonium 2 2 .5 2 .5 .5 .5 2.5 5 
Chloride 
Sodium Chloride 
1 -- 1 1 0 1 0 5 -- 
Sodium lauryl 
-- -- -- .2 .2 .2 .2 1.0 -- 
ether (3) 
sulfate 
visual clear 
clear 
clear 
clear 
clear 
clear 
clear 
clear 
clear 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
TABLE IV 
______________________________________ 
SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF WET COMBING 
One Treatment (1 = best, 5 = worst) 
Shampoo Fine Hair Bleached Hair 
Damaged Hair 
______________________________________ 
Formula 13 
1.67 2.67 4.33 
Formula 16 
2.67 3.33 5 
______________________________________ 
TABLE V 
______________________________________ 
SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF WET COMBING 
Five Treatments (1 = best, 5 = worst) 
Shampoo Fine Hair Bleached Hair 
Damaged Hair 
______________________________________ 
Formula 13 
2 3 4 
Formula 16 
5 5 5 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE III 
In order to illustrate the importance of proper mixing of the cationic 
silicone emulsion into the shampoo base formula, "Shampoo Base Formula 13" 
in Table III was prepared at five different mixing speeds as shown in 
Table VI. The "Mixing Setting" corresponds to the position of an air valve 
used to drive a standard laboratory mixer. A valve setting of 1/16 
produces a very slow rate of rotation, whereas a setting of 1/2 produces 
an extremely rapid rate of rotation. As can be seen in Table VI, hazy 
shampoos were produced at all rates except the rate corresponding to the 
"Mixing setting" of 3/8. The 3/8 setting produced a clear shampoo, and was 
determined to be the rate at which the cationic silicone emulsion could be 
added without producing whipping, foaming, or aeration, of the mixture. 
TABLE VI 
______________________________________ 
Mixing Setting Result (24 Hours) 
______________________________________ 
1/16 Hazy 
1/8 Hazy 
1/4 Hazy 
3/8 Clear 
1/2 Hazy 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE IV 
In order to illustrate the importance of employing the proper processing 
temperature for preparation of the shampoo, "Shampoo Base Formula 13" in 
Table III was prepared at four different processing temperatures as shown 
in Table VII. Table VII reveals that low temperature processing is 
required to produce clear shampoos including the cationic silicone 
emulsion. Thus, clear shampoos were produced at temperatures generally in 
the range of 9-34 degrees Centigrade. Temperatures in the range of five to 
thirty degrees Centigrade are generally sufficient for purposes of the 
present invention. 
TABLE VII 
______________________________________ 
Process Temperature (.degree.C.) 
Result (24 Hours) 
______________________________________ 
9 Clear 
21 Essentially Clear 
34 Hazy 
51 Very Hazy 
______________________________________ 
Prior to the present invention, attempts by those skilled in the art to 
formulate clear shampoos containing cationic silicone emulsions have been 
unsuccessful. Yet, clear shampoos provide the consumer with desired 
benefits, since such products imply a consumer perception of purity, 
naturalness, and health. Thus, a need clearly exists in the personal care 
arena for such clear shampoo products. 
Prior unsuccessful efforts by those skilled in the art have been based on 
the belief that the use of cationic silicone emulsions in a shampoo 
environment which contains a high level of anionic surfactant, causes such 
systems to rapidly form insoluble precipitates. The formation of such 
precipitates has been theorized in terms of cationic/anionic surfactant 
interactions which are considered to be unavoidable. The present invention 
however provides a viable method for producing such clear shampoo products 
without the formation of insoluble precipitates which would tend to 
interfere with product clarity. 
Other variations and modifications may be made in the compounds, 
compositions, and methods, described herein without departing from the 
essential features and concepts of the present invention. The forms of the 
invention described herein are exemplary only and are not intended as 
limitations on the scope of the invention as defined in the appended 
claims.