Arrowhead with a pivotal blade selectively positionable in a plurality of different cutting diameters

An arrowhead having a pivotal blade rotatably mounted to a corresponding arrowhead body such that the pivotal blade is selectively positionable at different cutting diameters when in corresponding different penetrating configurations so as to enable the arrowhead to have differing penetration and tissue volume cutting capacities. The hinge structure rotatably mounting the pivotal blade to its arrowhead body is positionable at a plurality of different spatial locations relative to the arrowhead body. The blade stop surface, such as a sloped blade abutting surface of a blade stop washer, that the pivotal blade abuts against when penetrating an object or when rotated to an open position is positionable at a plurality of different spatial locations and/or orientations relative to the arrowhead body.

BACKGROUND--FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates generally to arrowheads, and more particularly to 
arrowheads having a pivotal blade selectively positionable in a plurality 
of different open penetrating configurations so as to be enabled to define 
a plurality of corresponding different cutting diameters thereof. 
BACKGROUND--DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART 
Arrows have long been used for war, hunting and competitive sports. A 
conventional arrow has a shaft, a nock at one end that receives the bow 
string, an arrowhead or point that attaches to the opposite end, and 
fletchings. The fletchings are glued to the shaft near the nock end, and 
help to stabilize the arrow in flight by causing it to rotate. Arrowheads 
generally have a pointed forward end, and an opposite threaded shaft end 
that attaches the arrowhead to the arrow shaft. Arrowheads are also 
attached to the forward end of arrow shafts by glueing and other methods. 
Arrowheads come in a variety of different sizes and configurations 
depending on their intended use. For example, there are specifically 
designed arrowheads for competitive target shooting, shooting fish, 
hunting birds or small game animals, and for hunting big game animals. 
Arrowheads used for hunting kill the game animal by cutting vital organs 
such as the lungs and vascular vessels such as arteries, which causes 
rapid hemorrhaging and/or suffocation. Quick and humane kills are 
dependent on accurate shot placement, and upon the amount or volume of the 
animal tissue that is cut. Hunting arrowheads that cut more tissue are 
more lethal, and therefore are better. The volume of tissue that is cut is 
determined by the cutting diameter of the arrowhead, the number of blades 
it contains, and by the distance the arrowhead penetrates into the animal. 
The cutting diameter of an arrowhead is determined by how far each cutting 
blade extends outward from the arrowhead body. The further the blades 
extend outward the larger the cutting diameter is, and therefore the more 
cutting potential the arrowhead has. 
A common type of arrowhead used in hunting is the fixed-blade arrowhead, 
which has a pointed tip end used for penetrating, and generally triangular 
shaped fixed-blades or non-pivotal blades that each have a razor sharp 
edge for cutting. Conventional fixed-blade arrowheads blades are held in a 
fixed position on the arrowhead, and most such blades are replaceable. The 
replaceable blades attach to the arrowhead body in longitudinal grooves 
called blade slots. The tip of the arrowhead may be separably attachable 
to the arrowhead body or may be integral with it. Arrowheads for hunting 
are generally known as broadheads. 
Another popular type of arrowhead for hunting is the blade-opening 
arrowhead. Blade-opening arrowheads are generally known as mechanical 
broadheads. Blade-opening arrowheads, like conventional fixed-blade 
arrowheads generally have an elongate arrowhead body, a tip end, and a 
threaded opposite end. The blades of blade-opening arrowheads have an 
attachment end which attaches the blades to the arrowhead body by a pivot 
pin, so that the blades can pivot or rotate between a closed position and 
an open position. Blade-opening arrowhead blades are generally an elongate 
substantially rectangular shape and also have a free non-attached end 
situated opposite the attachment end. The blades of blade-opening 
arrowheads are also received in blade slots, which are machined or formed 
into the side of the arrowhead body. The pivotal blades of blade-opening 
arrowheads are held in the closed position while in-flight until the 
arrowhead penetrates a game animal or target by various different methods 
including: conventional rubber O-rings, rubber bands, tight fitting 
plastic sleeves, tape, heat-shrinkable sleeves, and other wrap materials 
as well as by magnetism, various spring systems, friction detents and 
other frictional mechanisms. When the pivotal blades of blade-opening 
arrowheads are retracted or folded into the closed position, a substantial 
majority of each blade is generally housed within its corresponding blade 
slot. This feature gives blade-opening arrowheads the ability to attain 
significantly increased aerodynamic performance over fixed-blade 
arrowheads, due to the significantly decreased exposure the retracted 
blades have with the air when the arrow is rotating while in flight. Such 
increased aerodynamic performance results in the desirable features of: 
faster shooting arrows, flatter arrow trajectories, increased penetration 
energy and enhanced repeatability of accuracy, while also providing a wide 
diameter cut in the game animal when the razor sharp blades open at impact 
with the animal. 
Blade-opening arrowheads come in a variety of different types and styles. 
The most common type of blade-opening arrowhead has blades that are 
pivotally connected to the arrowhead body at a location near the rear end 
of the arrowhead body. This makes it so that when the blades are folded 
into the retracted position a leading blade end of each blade positioned 
near the tip of the arrowhead protrudes outward from the arrowhead body. 
The leading blade ends of such blade-opening arrowheads rotate away from 
the arrowhead body in a rearward direction when penetrating an animal. 
Particularly, the leading blade ends catch on the animal's surface and 
serve to lever or rotate the blades into the fully open position, thus 
exposing the sharp cutting edges of the blades to a fully open cutting 
diameter position and cutting the animal. Another type of blade-opening 
arrowhead has pivotal blades that rotate in a forward direction to the 
fully open position when penetrating an animal. The blades of these 
forward blade rotating blade-opening arrowheads are rotated toward the 
open position by a variety of different mechanisms, but all also define a 
fully open cutting diameter when in the open position. 
Yet another type of arrowhead used for hunting has pivotal blades that are 
exposed at a full cutting diameter position while the arrowhead is 
in-flight. Such arrowheads also generally achieve better aerodynamic 
performance than fixed-blade arrowheads because by design each pivotal 
blade only attaches to a corresponding arrowhead body at a single location 
so that with their substantially elongate shaped blades such arrowheads 
have significantly decreased blade surface area exposure with the air 
while in-flight. 
The optimal size of cutting diameter desirable in an arrowhead can vary 
depending on the type of animal being hunted and on the strength of the 
archers bow. Generally, wider cutting diameter arrowheads generate more 
friction when penetrating a target than do narrower cutting diameter 
arrowheads, and therefore wider cutting diameter arrowheads penetrate 
proportionally less depth. It is desirable for an arrowhead to penetrate 
as deep in the game animal as possible so as to maximize the volume of 
animal tissue that is cut, as well as to create both an entry hole and an 
exit hole on both sides of the animal for blood to drain therefrom so as 
to leave a more followable or noticeable blood trail. Accordingly, archers 
shooting less powerful bows (all other factors being equal) would need to 
use a narrower cutting diameter arrowhead to obtain equal penetration 
depth as that which more powerful bows would achieve with a wider cutting 
diameter arrowhead. Small game animals such as wild turkeys do not present 
as tough of a target or as thick of a target for arrowheads to penetrate 
through as do big game animals-like elk or whitetail deer. Accordingly, 
archers shooting both big game animals and small game animals with the 
same cutting diameter arrowhead may have to use a stronger bow to obtain 
sufficient penetration when hunting big game animals. Alternatively, a 
narrower cutting diameter arrowhead would likely provide sufficient 
penetration in big game animals without requiring the archer to use a more 
powerful bow. 
A major problem associated with conventional arrowheads such as 
blade-opening arrowheads and other pivotal blade arrowheads is that such 
arrowheads are only capable of producing one cutting diameter each when in 
a penetrating configuration or when in the open position. Such design 
prevents archers from being able to use a narrower cutting diameter or 
wider cutting diameter arrowhead for different appropriate hunting 
situations and/or bow set ups, without having to buy different arrowheads 
for each different cutting diameter desired. 
It is apparent that there is a need for a pivotal blade arrowhead such as a 
blade-opening arrowhead that is capable of producing a variety of 
different cutting diameters so as to provide an arrowhead that has the 
flexibility of different penetration abilities, such as deeper penetrating 
narrower cutting diameters and increased tissue volume cutting wider 
cutting diameters, so as to better meet the needs of archers in the 
varying different hunting situations encountered in the field. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an arrowhead with a 
blade such that the arrowhead is capable of defining a plurality of 
different cutting diameters by the blade. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a pivotally bladed 
arrowhead such that the arrowhead is capable of defining a plurality of 
different cutting diameters by the pivotal blade wherein each different 
cutting diameter is defined when the pivotal blade is in a fully open 
position. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a blade-opening 
arrowhead having a pivotal blade that rotates in reward direction when 
rotating from a closed or retracted position toward an open penetrating 
position, that is capable of defining a plurality of different cutting 
diameters with the pivotal blade when the pivotal blade is in 
corresponding different fully open penetrating positions or penetrating 
configurations. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a blade-opening 
arrowhead having a pivotal blade that rotates in forward direction when 
rotating from a closed or retracted position toward an open penetrating 
position, that is capable of defining a plurality of different cutting 
diameters with the pivotal blade when the pivotal blade is in 
corresponding different fully open penetrating positions or penetrating 
configurations. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an arrowhead 
having a first pivotal blade and another three-dimensionally different 
shaped second pivotal blade such that both the first and second pivotal 
blades are capable of defining a plurality of different cutting diameters 
each when in fully open penetrating configurations and when attached to 
the same arrowhead body. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an arrowhead 
having a pivotal blade such that the pivotal blade is positionable at a 
first angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the arrowhead 
when the arrowhead is in a first penetrating configuration and at a second 
different angle with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the 
arrowhead when the arrowhead is in a second penetrating configuration. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a plurality 
of different shaped blade-stop washers each having a different sloped 
blade abutting surface wherein each blade-stop washer is individually 
removably attachable to an arrowhead body having a pivotally mounted blade 
therewith, such that when each different sloped blade-stop washer is 
individually attached to the arrowhead body and the pivotal blade is in 
abutment thereagainst so as to be in a penetrating configuration the 
arrowhead defines correspondingly different cutting diameters. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an arrowhead 
with a pivotal blade such that when in a first open position or first 
penetrating configuration the pivotal blade abuts against a first 
different sloped or first different shaped blade abutting surface, and 
when in a second open position or second penetrating configuration the 
pivotal blade abuts against a second different sloped or second different 
shaped blade abutting surface. 
It is yet still another object of the present invention to provide an 
arrowhead with a pivotal blade such that when in an open position or first 
penetrating configuration the specific section of a blade abutting surface 
the pivotal abuts against is displaced a first distance from the 
cross-sectional center of the pivotal blade's hinge pin, and when the 
arrowhead is in an second different open position or second penetrating 
configuration the specific section of a blade abutting surface that the 
pivotal blade abuts against is displaced a second different distance from 
the cross-sectional center of the pivotal blade's hinge pin. 
It is yet still another object of the present invention to provide an 
arrowhead with a pivotal blade that is pivotally hinged to an arrowhead 
body by an annular hinge pin, wherein the annular hinge pin has a bump 
configured thereon that protrudes at least in a forward direction when the 
annular hinge pin is mounted to the arrowhead body in a first spatial 
orientation and that protrudes at least in a reward direction when the 
annular hinge pin is mounted to the arrowhead body in a second different 
spatial orientation. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an arrowhead 
with a pivotal blade that is pivotally hinged to an accompanying arrowhead 
body by a pivot pin such that the pivot pin and therefore the pivotal 
blade is capable of being positioned at a plurality of different spatial 
locations on the arrowhead body so as to enable the pivotal blade when 
correspondingly attached to the arrowhead body in the different locations 
thereof, to define a plurality of different cutting diameters when the 
blade is in correspondingly fully open or penetrating configurations. 
It is still further another object of the present invention to provide a 
pivotally bladed arrowhead having a first pivot pin receiving through hole 
located a first distance from the forward leading end of the arrowhead and 
a second spaced apart pivot pin receiving through hole located a second 
different distance from the forward leading end of the arrowhead. 
It is yet still further another object of the present invention to provide 
a pivotally bladed arrowhead having a first pivot pin receiving through 
hole located a first distance from the forward leading end of the 
arrowhead and a second spaced apart pivot pin receiving through hole 
located a second different distance from the forward leading end of the 
arrowhead, wherein both pivot pin through holes communicate with a single 
blade slot. 
It is yet still further another object of the present invention to provide 
a pivotally bladed arrowhead having a first pivot pin receiving through 
hole located a first shortest distance from the central longitudinal axis 
of the arrowhead and a second spaced apart pivot pin receiving through 
hole located a second different shortest distance from the central 
longitudinal axis of the arrowhead. 
It is even yet still further another object of the present invention to 
provide a pivotally bladed arrowhead having a first pivot pin receiving 
through hole located a first shortest distance from the central 
longitudinal axis of the arrowhead and a second spaced apart pivot pin 
receiving through hole located a second different shortest distance from 
the central longitudinal axis of the arrowhead, wherein both pivot pin 
through holes communicate with a single blade slot. 
The foregoing objects and advantages and other objects and advantages of 
the present invention are accomplished as according to some of the 
preferred embodiments of this invention with arrowheads that attach to the 
forward end of an arrowshaft, where a plurality of same shaped blades are 
pivotally connected to an arrowhead body. Each three-dimensionally 
substantially same shaped blade is capable of defining more than one 
cutting diameter by being positioned in different spatial orientations 
relative to an accompanying arrowhead body when the arrowhead is in 
different corresponding penetrating configurations. The different 
penetrating configurations are generally determined when the blades are in 
corresponding fully open positions or such as they would be when the 
arrowhead is penetrating a target. 
Such an arrowhead as according to some preferred embodiments of this 
invention is a blade-opening arrowhead having a plurality of same shaped 
blades pivotally hinged to an annular blade ring or an annular hinge pin 
that has a plurality of bumps formed thereon. The blade ring is slidably 
mounted within a recessed annular groove formed in the arrowhead body. 
Each blade seats on a corresponding bump when the blade ring and blades 
are attached to the arrowhead. When the blades are rotated to the open 
position such that the arrowhead is in a penetrating configuration each 
blade abuts against a blade abutting surface or against a blade-stop 
surface which positions the blade in a penetrating configuration so as to 
define a cutting diameter of the arrowhead. The blade ring is capable of 
being mounted to the arrowhead body within the annular groove in two 
different spatial orientations such that the bumps may all protrude in a 
forward direction (upward toward the forward leading end of the arrowhead) 
or such that the bumps may all protrude in a rearward direction (downward 
toward an accompanying arrowshaft). When the blade ring is mounted such to 
the arrowhead that the bumps protrude forwardly the arrowhead defines a 
different cutting diameter when in a penetrating configuration than the 
cutting diameter defined by the blades when the blade ring is mounted to 
the arrowhead such that the bumps protrude rearwardly and the arrowhead is 
also in a penetrating configuration. The different cutting diameters are 
produced in that the distance from the cross-sectional center of each 
hinge pin bump to the specific section of the blade abutting surface that 
the blade is in direct abutment with is different, when the bumps protrude 
forwardly versus when the bumps protrude rearwardly, and thus the blades 
are disposed at different angles relative to the central longitudinal axis 
of the arrowhead when in the respective two different penetrating 
configurations or two different cutting diameters of the arrowhead. 
Another arrowhead preferred embodiment as according to this invention is 
similar to the above described arrowhead preferred embodiment except that 
it utilizes both a first pivotal blade and a second different 
three-dimensionally shaped pivotal blade. The first pivotal blade is 
capable of defining a plurality of at least two different cutting 
diameters when in corresponding penetrating configurations and the second 
pivotal blade is capable of defining a plurality of at least two different 
cutting diameters when in corresponding penetrating configurations that 
are different from the cutting diameters defined by the first blade. 
Other arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention differ 
from the above described preferred embodiments in that they have removably 
attachable tip blades mounted in corresponding arrowhead tips. The razor 
sharp tip blades enhance target penetration by cutting target material 
ahead of the pivotal blades or arrowhead main cutting blades. 
Other arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention 
utilize a first annular blade ring with a plurality of bumps formed 
thereon that protrude inwardly toward the central longitudinal axis of the 
arrowhead when defining at least a first different cutting diameter, and 
utilize a second annular blade ring with a plurality of bumps formed 
thereon that protrude outwardly away from the central longitudinal axis of 
the arrowhead when defining at least a second different cutting diameter. 
The different cutting diameters are produced in that the distance from the 
cross-sectional center of each hinge pin bump to the blade abutting 
surface is different when the bumps protrude inward versus when the bumps 
protrude outward and thus the same shaped blades are disposed at different 
angles relative to the central longitudinal axis of the arrowhead when in 
the respective two different penetrating configurations or two different 
cutting diameters of the arrowhead. 
Yet other arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention 
utilizing annular hinge pins such as a blade ring have a plurality of 
bumps formed thereon where each bump protrudes not only in a forward or 
rearward direction but also in either an inward or outward direction, so 
as to be enabled to define yet a variety of other cutting diameters with 
the same blade or a plurality of same shaped blades. 
Some arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention 
utilizing annular hinge pins such as a blade ring have corresponding blade 
rings and annular recessed grooves or equivalents configured such that the 
blade rings are compressed to a narrower diameter when mounted to 
corresponding arrowheads, whereas other arrowhead preferred embodiments as 
according to this invention utilizing annular hinge pins such as a blade 
ring have corresponding blade rings and annular recessed grooves or 
equivalents configured such that the blade rings are expanded to a wider 
diameter when mounted to corresponding arrowheads. 
Some arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention 
utilizing annular hinge pins such as a blade ring have corresponding blade 
rings and annular recessed grooves or equivalents configured such that the 
blade rings are neither substantially compressed nor expanded when mounted 
to corresponding arrowheads. 
Some arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention 
utilizing annular hinge pins such as a blade ring have substantially 
bumpless blade rings or blade rings having a substantially constant sloped 
exterior surface like a circular ring made of round metal wire. 
Other arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention are 
similar to the above described embodiments except such arrowheads utilize 
filler elements to displace corresponding blade rings at different 
distances from the forward leading end of corresponding arrowheads or for 
changing the spatial orientation of a blade ring relative to an 
accompanying arrowhead or arrowhead body. Each filler element is seated in 
a corresponding recessed annular groove or equivalent in front of a 
corresponding blade ring so as to displace the blade ring a distance 
rearward of the internal forward shelf of the annular groove. 
Contrastingly, when the filler elements are not used the blade ring will 
seat against the groove shelf and thus the blade ring will be displaced 
yet another different distance away from a reference point such as the 
forward leading end of the arrowhead or the blade abutting surface, and 
will enable the arrowhead to define a different cutting diameter with the 
same blade than that which is defined when using a particular size of 
filler element(s). As according to one such embodiment an arrowhead 
utilizes three pivotal blades and three same shaped filler elements such 
that each filler element is situated between two adjacent blades so as to 
allow ample space for the blades to freely rotate between the closed and 
open positions. Other such preferred embodiments utilize a plurality of 
different length or different shaped sets of filler elements so as to 
displace the hinge ring to yet different spatial orientations relative to 
the arrowhead, and accordingly to enable a single blade or a plurality of 
same shaped blades to define yet other cutting diameters, such as a 
plurality of at least three different cutting diameters. 
Yet still other arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this 
invention utilize substantially straight hinge pins such as set screws, 
like fully threaded set screws and/or partially threaded set screws to 
hingedly connect the pivotal cutting blades to corresponding arrowhead 
bodies. Such arrowhead preferred embodiments each have a hinge pin through 
hole formed in accompanying arrowhead bodies to receive corresponding 
straight hinge pins. Some such hinge pins receive only one blade whereas 
other such hinge pins receive more than one blade. According to some such 
preferred embodiments at least one hinge pin through hole is located 
closer to the forward leading end of an accompanying arrowhead than at 
least one other hinge pin through hole of the same arrowhead. According to 
other such preferred embodiments at least one hinge pin through hole is 
located closer to the central longitudinal axis of an accompanying 
arrowhead than at least one other hinge pin through hole of the same 
arrowhead. According to yet other such preferred embodiments at least one 
hinge pin through hole is located both a different distance from the 
central longitudinal axis and from the forward leading end (or an 
equivalent reference point) of an accompanying arrowhead than is at least 
one other hinge pin through hole of the same arrowhead. Some such 
arrowhead preferred embodiments have a hinge pin through hole configured 
such upon corresponding arrowhead bodies that each hinge pin through hole 
intersects with the central longitudinal axis of the arrowhead, whereas 
other such arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention 
do not. Some such arrowhead preferred embodiments have a plurality of 
hinge pin through holes extending through or communicating with at least a 
single blade slot. 
Yet still further other arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to 
this invention are configured such that when in a first open position or a 
first penetrating configuration so as to be defining a first cutting 
diameter a pivotal blade abuts against a first sloped blade abutting 
surface, and when in a second open position or second penetrating 
configuration so as to be defining a second different cutting diameter the 
same pivotal blade (or another same shaped pivotal blade) abuts against a 
second different sloped or different shaped blade abutting surface, thus 
defining a plurality of different cutting diameters so as to be an 
improvement over the prior art. Some such preferred embodiments utilize a 
plurality of different shaped removably attachable blade-stop washers that 
each have a different sloped blade abutting surface. 
The arrowheads as according to the desired results and scope of this 
invention are more lethal than prior art conventional arrowheads in that 
they provide the ability to produce more than one cutting diameter with 
the use of a single blade, or with a plurality of same shaped blades. Such 
cutting diameter flexibility provides a single arrowhead that is capable 
of obtaining deeper penetration with narrower cutting diameters as well as 
increased tissue volume cutting with wider cutting diameters, so as to 
better meet the needs of archers in the varying different hunting 
situations encountered in the field such that both penetration and 
lethality are maximized as the conditions encountered merit. 
As has been shown in the above discussion, the arrowheads according to this 
invention overcome deficiencies inherent in prior art arrowheads. 
With the above objects and advantages in view, other objects and advantages 
of the invention will more readily appear as the nature of the invention 
is better understood, the invention is comprised in the novel 
construction, combination and assembly of parts hereinafter more fully 
described, illustrated, and claimed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The term cutting diameter refers generally to the diameter of "hole" an 
arrowhead cuts in an object or target, such as a game animal when in a 
penetrating configuration. A cutting diameter is therefore twice the 
radial distance from the central longitudinal axis of a corresponding 
arrowhead to the furthest section of an arrowhead blade's cutting edge 
away from the central longitudinal axis of the corresponding arrowhead 
when in a penetrating configuration. A penetrating configuration is 
generally such as what an arrowhead would be in when penetrating a target 
like a game animal. For blade-opening arrowheads a penetrating 
configuration would generally refer to when the pivotal blades are rotated 
to a fully open position or are in a fully open position. 
Cutting diameter selection means as according to this invention enables a 
blade to define more than one cutting diameter when attached to an 
arrowhead body and when in corresponding penetrating configurations. 
Particularly, a single blade such as a pivotal blade is enabled to be 
attached or positioned relative to a corresponding arrowhead body at a 
first spatial orientation when the arrowhead is in a first penetrating 
configuration such that the furthest section of the blade cutting edge 
away from the arrowhead central longitudinal axis is disposed at a first 
shortest distance therefrom so as to define a first cutting diameter, and 
the same blade is also enabled to be attached or positioned relative to 
the same arrowhead body in at least one other substantially different 
second spatial orientation when the arrowhead is in a second different 
penetrating configuration such that the furthest section of the blade 
cutting edge away from the arrowhead central longitudinal axis is disposed 
at a second different shortest distance therefrom so as to thereby define 
a different cutting diameter. 
Cutting diameter selection means as according to this invention also has 
the intended meaning that an arrowhead is capable of defining more than 
one different cutting diameter with the same blade (or with a different 
substantially same shaped blade) when in accordingly different open and/or 
penetrating configurations; the cutting diameters being determined when 
the blade or a plurality of same shaped blades is in such corresponding 
positions. 
According to some of the preferred embodiments of this invention a 
plurality of same shaped blades all define a plurality of different 
cutting diameters of an arrowhead. According to some such preferred 
embodiments each blade defines substantially the same cutting diameter as 
each other blade when the arrowhead is in at least one possible 
penetrating configuration the arrowhead could be configured in or arranged 
in. According to other preferred embodiments at least one blade defines a 
different cutting diameter at the same time that another same shaped blade 
is defining a different cutting diameter when the arrowhead is in a 
penetrating configuration. 
Hinge means as according to this invention provide the function of 
pivotally connecting a pivotal blade or blades to an arrowhead body so 
that the pivotal blade(s) is/are enabled to rotate relative to the 
arrowhead body or arrowhead. Hinge means may comprise any structure such 
as a pivot pin or shaft, a set screw or an annular ring or the like, a 
ball bearing type member or a formed hump/protrusion in an accompanying 
arrowhead body, or the like which enables a blade to be attached to an 
arrowhead body so as to rotate or pivot relative thereto. 
Hinge means for the blade-opening arrowheads as according to this invention 
allow corresponding pivotal blades to selectively rotate or pivot between 
a closed in-flight position and an open or penetrating configuration or 
position. It is apparent that when in a closed or in-flight position an 
arrowhead as according to this invention may or may not have a cutting 
edge section of a pivotal blade exposed from its corresponding arrowhead 
body. Hinge means for non blade-opening pivotal blade arrowheads as 
according to this invention allow corresponding pivotal blades to 
selectively rotate or pivot at least between a penetrating in-flight 
position and a non-barbing position. A non-barbing position is generally 
one in which a pivotal blade has been folded-up at least in apart adjacent 
to its corresponding arrowhead body such that the arrowhead will not barb 
when retracted from a target. 
Cutting diameter selection means as according to this invention may be 
comprised of hinge means relocation means for enabling the hinge means to 
be positioned at more than one different spatial location relative to the 
arrowhead or arrowhead body. Different spatial locations relative to an 
arrowhead or an arrowhead body as with reference to the hinge means 
relocation means of this invention generally refer to the hinge means, or 
at least a section thereof, being positioned at differing shortest 
distances from a like reference point; such as differing shortest 
distances or differing perpendicular distances from the central 
longitudinal axis of the arrowhead body or arrowhead, and/or differing 
shortest distances from the forward leading end of the arrowhead. Such 
relocating of the hinge means enables a single pivotal blade to define a 
plurality of different cutting diameters when the corresponding hinge 
means is positioned at corresponding different locations upon the 
arrowhead or in different spatial orientations relative thereto, and the 
arrowhead with the attached blade is in corresponding penetrating 
configurations or open positions, as is according to this invention. 
Cutting diameter selection means as according to this invention may be 
comprised of blade abutting surface change means for changing the spatial 
orientation of a blade abutting surface relative to a corresponding 
arrowhead or arrowhead body. Such changing of the spatial orientation or 
occupancy of space of the blade abutting surface(s) will enable a pivotal 
blade, when hingedly attached to an accompanying arrowhead body at a 
single spatial location, to define at least a first cutting diameter when 
abutting against a first spatially oriented blade abutting surface, and a 
second different cutting diameter when abutting against a second different 
spatially oriented blade abutting surface. Blade abutting surface change 
means for example may comprise positioning the same blade abutting surface 
(such as a blade-stop washer) relative to the arrowhead at differing 
spatial locations thereon or at different distances from a reference 
point. Blade abutting surface change means may also comprise individually 
positioning different shaped structural entities such as blade-stop 
washers with different sloped blade abutting surfaces on a corresponding 
arrowhead body or arrowhead at the same spatial locations and/or different 
spatial locations thereof. 
It is apparent that the hinge means relocation means and the blade abutting 
surface change means as according to this invention may be used in various 
combinations together so as to enable a pivotal blade to define a variety 
of different cutting diameters when hingedly attached to a single 
arrowhead body. 
FIGS. 1-34 illustrate examples of cutting diameter selection means and 
hinge means relocation means as according to this invention. A 
blade-opening arrowhead 200a as illustrated in FIG. 1 has an annular blade 
ring 300 which has a plurality of four axially protruding bumps 360 formed 
thereon and a gap 380 for removably receiving a plurality of four pivotal 
blades 700. Each bump 360 protrudes in the same generally axial direction 
as all of the other bumps 360 as is illustrated in FIGS. 2 & 3. Each bump 
360 is generally distinguished or defined by a change in slope of the 
exterior surface of blade ring 300. As specifically illustrated in FIG. 1 
blade ring 300 is mounted to an arrowhead body 600 of arrowhead 200a such 
that bumps 360 of blade ring 300 protrude downward or toward the rear end 
of the arrowhead. Contrastingly, as illustrated in FIG. 21 blade ring 300 
is mounted to arrowhead body 600 of a blade-opening arrowhead 200b such 
that bumps 360 of blade ring 300 protrude upward or toward the forward end 
of the arrowhead. Blade-opening arrowheads 200a and 200b as illustrated in 
FIGS. 1 & 21 respectively are configured as they would be when attached to 
an arrowshaft (not illustrated) and in the closed or retracted in-flight 
position. 
Although arrowheads 200a & 200b are referenced herein by different 
reference numerals it is to be noted that in general arrowheads 200a & 
200b are substantially the same arrowhead (but not limited thereto) other 
than the inversion of blade ring 300 so that bumps 360 protrude in 
opposing axial directions, wherein specifically the different reference 
numerals 200a & 200b in general denote different penetration producing 
configurations of the same arrowhead (but not limited thereto) which 
produce different cutting diameters thereof as taught herebelow. Likewise 
other arrowheads throughout this specification differing in reference 
numerals only by alphabetic sub-reference letters (a,b,c . . . etc.) in 
general (but not limited thereto) denote different penetration producing 
configurations which produce different cutting diameters thereof as is 
according to at least some of the embodiments and at least some of the 
desired results of this invention. 
Referring again to FIG. 1, arrowhead 200a has a forward leading end 664, a 
central longitudinal axis 900, an arrowhead tip 640, a notch ring 960, an 
annular compression spring 970 and a blade-stop washer 800. Blade-stop 
washer 800 has a blade abutting surface 400, an internal recess 860, an 
arrowshaft abutting surface 699a and a stem receiving hole 850 for 
receiving a stem 629 of arrowhead body 600. Arrowhead tip 640 has a 
plurality of three (but not limited thereto) facets 660 and a plurality of 
corresponding facet boundaries 662. It is apparent that facet boundaries 
662 may comprise a sharp cutting edge such as for example as is taught in 
my U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/082,636 filed May 21, 1998 which is 
incorporated herein by specific reference. It is also apparent that facets 
660 may be configured in varying different shapes. Arrowhead tip 640 has a 
beveled locking flank 642 which abuts against a beveled locking flank 638 
of arrowhead body 600 when arrowhead tip 640 is attached thereto. 
As is clearly illustrated in FIG. 13 recessed annular groove 670 of 
arrowhead body 600 has an annular shelf 672 an inner wall 676, an outer 
wall 674 and a beveled annular skirt 667. Beveled skirt 667 fits flush 
with blade abutting surface 400 of blade-stop washer 800 when arrowhead 
200a/200b is assembled and attached to an arrowshaft (not illustrated). 
Annular recess 670 therefore has differing widths throughout its axial or 
elongate length, as is particularly noted in the perpendicular distance 
between inner wall 676 and beveled skirt 667, when contrasted with the 
perpendicular distance between inner wall 676 and outer wall 674 (the 
perpendicular distances being referenced in planes perpendicular to 
central longitudinal axis 900 respectively). Blade abutting surface 400 of 
blade-stop washer 800 has a forward terminus 450 and a rearward terminus 
460. Each blade slot 630 is fabricated such so as to communicate with 
blade abutting surface 400 when blade-stop washer 800 is attached to 
arrowhead body 600. FIG. 13 yet illustrates a threaded forward stud 666 of 
arrowhead body 600 that matably threads into a threaded female cavity 648 
of arrowhead tip 640. Stud 666 has a non-threaded rear section 644 that 
communicates directly with the main portion of arrowhead body 600 situated 
therebelow and with beveled locking flank 638. Arrowhead tip 640 has a 
corresponding internal non-threaded rear section 646 that is seated 
adjacent non-threaded section 644 of arrowhead body 600 when tip 640 is 
attached to arrowhead body 600. 
FIGS. 2 & 3, and FIGS. 14-17 illustrate blade ring 300 in detail. Side 
views and top views of blade ring 300 are depicted in FIGS. 2 & 3 and 
FIGS. 16 & 17 respectively, whereas FIGS. 14 & 15 depict a side view and a 
bottom view thereof. As illustrated in FIG. 3 each bump 360 has a lower 
apex 362a and an upper apex 362b, a pair of lower inclined slants 
364a-364a and a pair of upper inclined slants 364b-364b. A plurality of 
substantially horizontal sections 366 are dispersed between adjacent bumps 
360 substantially circumferentially about blade ring 300. Horizontal 
sections 366 are generally (but not limited to) the remnants of a 
substantially planar/flat or non-bumped circular blade ring, such as a 
typical single coil blade ring without the bumps or equivalents would 
appear as is according to some of the preferred embodiments of this 
invention taught forthcoming herein. It is apparent that the gaps of the 
blade rings as according to this invention such as gap 380 of blade ring 
300 for example, may be compressed to a narrower gap or to substantially 
no gap when the corresponding blade ring is attached to an arrowhead. Each 
slant 364a & 364b represents a departure or change in the slope of the 
blade ring exterior surface from the slope of the blade ring exterior 
surface of horizontal sections 366 (as for example as is at least 
determined with reference from a two-dimensional side view [but not 
limited to]--such as depicted substantially in FIG. 3). Each apex 362a & 
362b represents a change in slope of corresponding opposing slants 364a & 
364b on either side of a corresponding bump 360. As illustrated in FIG. 3 
when bumps 360 protrude axially rearward, both slants 364a & 364b on the 
left side of corresponding apexes have a negative slope, whereas both 
slants 364a & 364b on the right side of corresponding apexes have a 
positive slope and apexes 362a & 362b have substantially zero slope. 
It is apparent that the slope of a blade ring or the slope of a section of 
a blade ring as according to this invention may be determined in various 
different manners and two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional views or 
orientations, so as to distinguish a blade ring bump or equivalent thereof 
that substantially deviates from the slope of a substantially planar or 
non-bumped annular ring or equivalent. 
Although apexes 362a & 362b of blade ring 300 are depicted as being 
substantially horizontal (in relation to the axial or vertical direction 
that bumps 360 protrude as illustrated for example in FIG. 3) and each 
having a width that is larger than the thickness of a corresponding 
pivotal blade such as a blade 700 so that a blade 700 can effortlessly be 
seated thereon with ample room as is illustrated for example in FIGS. 1 & 
21, it is apparent that the bump apexes and equivalents and the bumps of 
blade rings as according to this invention may have a variety of differing 
shapes or configurations while enabling corresponding arrowheads to 
achieve the desired results of this invention. For example, a blade ring 
as according to this invention could have a substantially sharp or pointed 
triangulated apex section or sections. 
As specifically illustrated in FIG. 19 each blade 700 has a wing 730, an 
aperture 720, a cutting edge 770, an abutting edge 780 (which is a section 
of the blade edge extending peripherally about blade 700), a first notch 
740 and a second notch 742. Spring 970 produces a bias force or an urging 
force as taught in my U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/834,478 filed 
Apr. 11, 1997 which is incorporated herein by specific reference, such 
that notch ring 960 is urged into engagement with first notches 740 of 
blades 700 so that blades 700 are selectively retained or held in the 
closed position or in-flight configuration when the arrowhead is attached 
to an accompanying arrowshaft. Arrowhead body 600 has a threaded rear stud 
694 as illustrated in FIG. 1 for removable attachment to an arrowshaft. 
Arrowhead body 600 has a plurality of four blade slots 630 for housing 
blades 700 at least in part therein. During arrowhead assembly each blade 
700 is attached to blade ring 300 so as to be seated on a bump 360 
whereupon blade ring 300 and attached blades 700 are respectively slid 
forwardly within corresponding slots 630 and within annular recess 670 
such that a section of blade ring 300 seats substantially against annular 
shelf 672 of arrowhead body 600 as is illustrated in FIGS. 1 & 21. FIG. 20 
illustrates a blade 702 which is similar to blade 700 except blade 702 has 
an aperture 722 that is slightly larger in diameter than aperture 720 of 
blade 700. Therefore, blade 702 has a different three dimensional shape 
than blade 700. It is apparent that an arrowhead identical to arrowhead 
200a as illustrated in FIGS. 1 & 29 except having blades 702 attached 
therewith instead of blades 700 will define a slightly larger cutting 
diameter than the cutting diameter defined by blades 700, due to larger 
diameter apertures 720 allowing corresponding cutting edges 770 to extend 
further from central longitudinal axis 900 thereof. 
Blade apertures 720 & 722 and the other hinge pin blade apertures or 
equivalents of the pivotal blades as according to this invention are 
preferably configured such so as to enable corresponding pivotal blades to 
be easily and readily attached to corresponding hinge means, such for 
example when blades 700 are being seated on bumps 360 of blade ring 300. 
As illustrated in FIGS. 29, 30 & 33 arrowhead 200a when in a penetrating or 
open configuration defines a cutting diameter 1000 whereas arrowhead 200b 
as illustrated in FIGS. 32 & 34 when in a penetrating or open 
configuration defines a different cutting diameter 1002. Different cutting 
diameters 1000 & 1002 of the two differing penetrating configurations 
200a/200b are due to the inversion of blade ring 300 or the spatial 
relocation of the hinge means relative to arrowhead body 600 so that bumps 
360 protrude in opposing upward and downward directions or orientations, 
which illustrates examples of cutting diameter selection means and hinge 
means relocation means as according to this invention. As is particularly 
illustrated in FIG. 30 cutting diameter 1000 of arrowhead 200a is 
determined by a radial line 950 extending from central longitudinal axis 
900 of the arrowhead outward to a distance the furthest section that blade 
cutting edges 770 are displaced away from central longitudinal axis 900 
when the arrowhead is in penetrating configuration 200a. Cutting diameter 
1000 is therefore twice the length of radial line 950. 
As illustrated in FIGS. 29 & 32 abutting edge 780 of the peripheral edge of 
each blade 700 abuts or contacts abutting surface 400 of blade-stop washer 
800 when the arrowheads are in a penetrating or open configuration. Blade 
abutting surface 400 of blade-stop washer 800 serves to limit the rotation 
of blades 700 when expanded to corresponding open positions so as to 
define the respective cutting diameters thereof. The furthest section of 
cutting edge 770 of each blade 700 away from central longitudinal axis 900 
when defining cutting diameters 1000 & 1002 are displaced different 
perpendicular distances away from central longitudinal axis 900 of 
corresponding arrowheads 200a/200b as is clearly illustrated in FIGS. 33 & 
34. This provides an arrowhead or arrowhead body, utilizing the same blade 
or a plurality of same shaped blades, that is capable of defining a 
plurality of different cutting diameters by changing the spatial 
orientation of the hinge means so as to be positionable at a plurality of 
different locations relative to the arrowhead as is according to at least 
some of the desired results of this invention. Such an embodiment is an 
example of hinge means relocation means as according to this invention. 
As illustrated in FIGS. 22-25, where dotted lines 942 represent annular 
shelf 672 of recessed annular groove 670 of arrowhead body 600 and dotted 
lines 940 represent outer wall 674 of recessed groove 670 of arrowhead 
body 600, when blade ring 300 is positioned so that bumps 360 protrude 
rearwardly (FIG. 23) the hinge means (blade ring 300) is positioned at a 
different spatial location relative to arrowhead body 600 than the spatial 
location the hinge means (blade ring 300) is positioned relative to 
arrowhead body 600 when blade ring 300 is inverted so that bumps 360 
protrude forwardly (FIG. 24). As illustrated specifically in FIG. 25, a 
cross-sectional center 350 of each blade ring bump 360 is located a 
different distance from a reference point 910 that intersects central 
longitudinal axis 900 when blade ring 300 is positioned in its two 
different spatial arrowhead attaching orientations (bumps up & bumps 
down). Particularly, cross-sectional center 350 of bumps 360, when blade 
ring 300 is mounted to an arrowhead body such as arrowhead body 600 so 
that bumps 360 protrude forwardly, is located a shortest distance 920 from 
reference point 910, and cross-sectional center 350 of bumps 360, when 
blade ring 300 is mounted to arrowhead body 600 so that bumps 360 protrude 
rearwardly, is located a different shortest distance 922 from reference 
point 910. As is also evident from FIGS. 23-25 cross-sectional center 350 
of each bump 360 is located at differing distances from forward leading 
end 664 of an accompanying arrowhead when blade ring 300 is positioned in 
the two different spatial arrowhead attaching orientations or positions. 
As has been previously discussed different cutting diameters 1000 & 1002 
are created or defined simply by inverting or flipping-over blade ring 300 
so as to change the position blade ring bumps 360 are located relative to 
the arrowhead or arrowhead body. Particularly, by changing the spatial 
orientation of blade ring 300 such as has been disclosed, each blade 700 
and accompanying cutting edge 770 is oriented at different angles with 
respect to central longitudinal axis 900 when blades 700 are in a fully 
open position or in a penetrating configuration. This enables the 
arrowhead to define a plurality of different cutting diameters with the 
same blade or a plurality of same shaped blades. 
FIG. 31 illustrates an arrowhead 202 which is similar to arrowhead 200a 
except arrowhead 202 has a plurality of three blades 700 and utilizes a 
blade ring 302 as is illustrated in FIGS. 4 & 5 with a like number of 
axial protruding bumps 374. The term axial refers to a direction generally 
or substantially parallel at least in part to the central longitudinal 
axis of an arrowhead, so for example bumps 374 protrude at least in part 
forwardly and rearwardly relative to a forward leading arrowhead end and 
opposing arrowshaft attachment end (or the rearward arrowhead end) when 
blade ring 302 is positioned in its two alternative spatial orientations 
therewith. 
FIGS. 9 & 10 illustrate a blade ring 310 having a plurality of three 
inwardly protruding bumps 370. FIGS. 11 & 12 illustrate a blade ring 308 
having a plurality of three outwardly protruding bumps 372. Blade bump 
rings 308 & 310 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection 
means and hinge means relocation means as according to this invention. 
As is illustrated in FIGS. 26-28 when blade ring 308 (hinge means) is 
individually mounted to an arrowhead within a recessed annular groove or 
equivalent such as annular recess 670 of arrowhead body 600, bumps 372 are 
positioned at a different spatial location relative to the arrowhead body 
than would bumps 370 of blade ring 310 (hinge means) be positioned when 
ring 310 is individually mounted to the same arrowhead body 600 or to a 
same shaped different arrowhead body 600. Particularly, as illustrated in 
FIG. 28 cross-sectional center 350 of each bump 372 when blade ring 308 is 
mounted to arrowhead body 600 is located a perpendicular distance 924 from 
a reference point 912, and cross-sectional center 350 of each bump 370 
when blade ring 310 is mounted to the same arrowhead body is located a 
second different perpendicular distance 926 from reference point 912. 
Distance 926 is notably less than distance 924. Also, as illustrated in 
FIG. 28 cross-sectional centers 350 of each bump 370 are located a 
shortest distance 930 away from a reference point 914 whereas 
cross-sectional centers 350 of each bump 372 are located a different 
shortest distance 928 away from reference point 914. Thus, a blade 700 
when attached to blade ring 310 and arrowhead body 600 would define a 
different cutting diameter when in a penetrating configuration, than the 
cutting diameter defined by the blade 700 when attached to blade ring 308 
and arrowhead body 600 when in a penetrating configuration as is according 
to at least some of the desired results of this invention. 
It is apparent that the blade rings or equivalents such as other hinge 
means as according to this invention having bumps or equivalents formed 
thereon may have various different arrangements and combinations of 
different spatially oriented protruding bumps or equivalents. 
FIGS. 6 & 7 illustrate a blade ring 304 having a plurality of three 
outwardly and axially protruding bumps 376. FIG. 8 illustrates a blade 
ring 306 having a plurality of three inwardly and axially protruding bumps 
378. Blade bump rings 304 & 306 when individually removably attached to 
the same arrowhead body will enable a pivotal blade such as a blade 700 to 
define a plurality of different cutting diameters as is according to this 
invention by enabling the hinge means (as for example referenced from 
cross-sectional centers 350 of bumps 376 & 378) to be positioned at a 
plurality of different locations or different spatial orientations 
relative to the same arrowhead body. 
It is apparent that arrowhead 200a and/or other arrowheads as according to 
this invention could be shot from an archery bow or equivalent with the 
blades in an open position such as is depicted in FIG. 29 so as to be 
substantially a non-blade opening pivotally bladed arrowhead as is known 
to those skilled in the art, which will have an in-flight penetrating 
cutting diameter while being enabled to achieve the cutting diameter 
selection objectives of this invention. It is apparent that the desired 
results and scope of this invention are applicable to the various other 
types of non blade-opening, pivotally bladed arrowheads as know to those 
skilled in the art, and to other arrowheads having a pivotal blade, which 
are not of necessity disclosed herein. 
Although not specifically illustrated in this specification, it is apparent 
that the various elements, designs and functional objective results of the 
arrowheads as according to this invention and of those arrowheads 
incorporated herein by specific reference are applicable to blade-opening 
arrowheads whose blades rotate in a forward direction (toward the forward 
leading end of the arrowhead) when rotating to an open position or a 
penetrating configuration upon impact of a target or application of an 
opening force. For example, such arrowheads as that which have plunger 
shafts, wedging cams and/or other components that have movement in an 
axial or elongate direction relative to an accompanying arrowshaft or 
equivalent or to other arrowhead components, whether such components are 
attached directly to a cutting blade or not, are within the scope of the 
arrowheads as according to this invention. As a specific example, a 
blade-opening arrowhead with forward rotating blades having a wedge cam 
with a tip end exposed from an accompanying arrowhead body when in a 
penetrating configuration could be configured or designed such so as to 
enable a pivotal blade thereof to define a plurality of different cutting 
diameters as is according to the desired results of this invention while 
simultaneously having a cutting blade or at least one sharp cutting edge 
thereon (as taught in my U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/082,636 filed 
May 21, 1998 and Ser. No. 09/322,278 filed May 28, 1999 respectively, 
which are incorporated herein by specific reference) so as to cut target 
material in front of an arrowhead main cutting blade. 
FIGS. 35 & 36 illustrate a blade-opening arrowhead 204a and a blade-opening 
arrowhead 204b which are identical to arrowheads 200a & 200b heretofore 
disclosed except that arrowheads 204a & 204b utilize a plurality of 
pivotal blades 704. Each pivotal blade 704 as illustrated in FIG. 37 is of 
a different three-dimensional shape than each pivotal blade 700 and than 
each pivotal blade 702. Particularly, pivotal blades 704 have a shorter 
elongate length than both pivotal blades 700 & 702. When arrowhead 204a is 
in a penetrating configuration pivotal blades 704 define a cutting 
diameter that is different than the cutting diameter definable by 
arrowhead 204b when in a penetrating configuration, as is according to the 
desired results of this invention. The cutting diameters defined by 
arrowheads 204a & 204b are substantially different than the cutting 
diameters defined by arrowheads 200a & 200b. It is envisioned that an 
arrowhead body such as arrowhead body 600 with a blade stop washer such as 
blade stop washer 800 and a blade bump ring such as blade ring 300 could 
be used in combination with blades 702 and blades 704 to produce 
penetrating configurations that define a plurality of at least four 
different cutting diameters. Particularly, blades 702 could define cutting 
diameters of 11/2 inches and 13/8 inches, while blades 704 could define 
cutting diameters of 11/4 inches and 11/8 inches for example. 
It is apparent that the distance which the bumps or equivalents of the 
blade rings or hinge means as according to this invention, such as bumps 
360 of blade ring 300, protrude from horizontal sections or equivalents 
thereof such as horizontal sections 366 of blade ring 300, may be any 
plausible distance or may be a variety of different distances. For 
example, a blade ring may have a plurality of bumps that each protrude 
0.016 inches therefrom, or a blade ring may have a plurality of bumps that 
each protrude 0.024 inches therefrom, or a blade ring may have a plurality 
of bumps that each protrude 0.005 inches therefrom wherein each such 
different blade ring enables a single blade to define at least two 
different cutting diameters when correspondingly attaching the blade to 
the same arrowhead body or to a plurality of same shaped arrowhead bodies 
(all other factors being equal--but not limited thereto). 
Preferably, the bumps or equivalents of the blade rings or hinge means as 
according to this invention will protrude away from the main body or 
portion of a corresponding blade ring (such as horizontal sections 366 of 
blade ring 300) or a main body portion of a corresponding hinge means 
sufficiently so as to enable a plurality of substantially same shaped 
pivotal blades (or a single pivotal blade) to define different cutting 
diameters which differ in cutting diameter from each other by 
substantially at least 1 1/16 of an inch (but not limited thereto). 
It is also apparent that the bumps or equivalents of the blade rings or 
hinge means as according to this invention may protrude away from the main 
body or portion of a corresponding hinge means sufficiently so as to 
enable a plurality of same shaped pivotal blades (or a single pivotal 
blade) to define different cutting diameters that differ in cutting 
diameter from each other by substantially 1/8 of an inch, 1/4 of an inch, 
or more, such as by 1/2 an inch. 
It is apparent that a blade ring having bumps or equivalents formed 
therewith may have a bump that protrudes a different distance out from 
horizontal sections 366 or equivalents thereof than other bumps of the 
same blade ring so as to enable same shaped pivotal blades to 
simultaneously define differing cutting diameters while attached to the 
same arrowhead body and blade ring and while accordingly the arrowhead is 
in a penetrating configuration. 
It is apparent that the cutting diameter selection means as according to 
this invention preferably may enable a plurality of same shaped pivotal 
blades (or a single pivotal blade) to define different cutting diameters 
that differ in cutting diameter from each other by substantially any 
measurable difference which preferably is at least 1/16 of an inch (but 
not limited thereto). 
FIGS. 39-44 illustrate an arrowhead 206 and an arrowhead 208. Arrowheads 
206 & 208 are similar to arrowheads heretofore disclosed except arrowheads 
206 & 208 utilize a removably attachable slotted tip 650 and a plurality 
of three tip blades 750 that removably attach therewith as is taught in my 
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/082,636 filed May 21, 1998 which has 
been previously incorporated herein by specific reference. Tip 650 has a 
forward leading end 668, a plurality of three tip blade slots 652 that 
communicate with a female threaded bore 658 so as to create a plurality of 
three catch lips 654 at the junctures of an upper wall 653 of each slot 
652 with bore 658. Each tip blade 750 has a notch 754, a protrusion 752, a 
stud abutting surface 753, a cutting edge 760 and a beveled rear end 756. 
Beveled rear end 756 of each tip blade 750 fits substantially flush with a 
beveled locking flank 656 of tip 650 so as to substantially abut with or 
against beveled locking flank 638 of arrowhead body 600 (best illustrated 
in FIG. 13) when assembled into an arrowhead such as arrowhead 206 or 
arrowhead 208. When tip blades 750 are mounted or received in 
corresponding slots 652 of tip 650 and tip 650 is attached to arrowhead 
body 600 catch lips 654 are received into notches 754 and beveled rear 
ends 756 abut against beveled locking flank 638 of arrowhead body 600 so 
as to secure each tip blade 750 to an accompanying arrowhead. 
FIGS. 45-51 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection means 
as according to this invention and an example of blade abutting surface 
change means as according to this invention. FIG. 46 illustrates 
blade-stop washer 800 of arrowheads 200-208 as heretofore disclosed. Blade 
abutting surface 400 of blade-stop washer 800 has a particular slope or 
inclination relative to accompanying arrowhead central longitudinal axis 
900 when attached to a corresponding arrowhead body such as arrowhead body 
600. FIG. 47 illustrates blade-stop washer 802 with a blade abutting 
surface 402 that has a different slope than blade abutting surface 400. 
FIG. 48 illustrates blade-stop washer 804 with a blade abutting surface 
404 that has a different slope than blade abutting surfaces 400 & 402. 
FIG. 45 illustrates arrowhead body 600 of arrowheads 200-208 as heretofore 
disclosed. When blade-stop washers 800, 802 & 804 are individually 
removably attached to arrowhead body 600 (or a plurality of arrowhead 
bodies 600) as is illustrated in FIGS. 49-51 arrowheads 210a, 210b & 210c 
are created. Arrowheads 210a, 210b & 210c accordingly have different 
sloped blade abutting surfaces therewith. Thus, when a pivotal blade such 
as a blade 702 abuts against each blade abutting surface 400, 402 & 404 of 
corresponding arrowheads when in corresponding penetrating configurations, 
the corresponding blade(s) 702 will define a different cutting diameter 
(all other factors being equal--but not limited thereto) when abutting 
against each different sloped blade abutting surface as is according to at 
least some of the desired results of this invention. Although arrowheads 
210a, 210b & 210c are referenced herein by different reference numerals it 
is to be noted that in general arrowheads 210a-c are substantially the 
same arrowhead (but not limited thereto) other than the attachment of a 
different sloped blade-stop washer therewith so as to obtain different 
cutting diameter penetration configurations. 
Referring again to FIGS. 45-51 and arrowheads 210a-c, it is apparent that 
if the hinge means such as blade ring 300 where kept in the same spatial 
orientation or position relative to arrowhead body 600 (such as bumps 360 
protruding up) when blade-stop washers 800, 802, & 804 are individually 
removably attached therewith a pivotal blade such as a blade 702 would 
define a plurality of different cutting diameters when in corresponding 
penetrating configurations. 
It is also apparent that arrowheads 210a-c and other arrowheads as 
according to this invention could define yet a more numerous plurality of 
different cutting diameters by utilizing concomitantly in combination the 
hinge means relocation means and blade abutting surface change means as 
according to this invention. For example, arrowhead 200a/200b by utilizing 
blade-stop washers 800 and 802 in combination with the feature of 
inverting blade ring 300 so as to protrude bumps 360 axially up and down 
could define a plurality of at least four different cutting diameters with 
blades 700. 
FIGS. 52-62 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection means 
as according to this invention and another example of blade abutting 
surface change means as according to this invention. FIG. 52 illustrates 
an arrowhead body 602 which is similar to arrowhead body 600 except 
arrowhead body 602 has a flat skirt 669 that is substantially 
perpendicularly oriented with central longitudinal axis 900 of arrowhead 
body 602 as compared to the inclination of beveled skirt 667 of arrowhead 
body 600. FIGS. 53-57 illustrate blade-stop washers 800, 802 & 804 which 
have heretofore been disclosed, as well as a blade-stop washer 806 and a 
blade-stop washer 808. Blade abutting surfaces 400, 402, 404, 406 & 408 of 
blade-stop washers 800-808 all have different slopes than each other. 
Forward terminuses 450 of blade abutting surfaces 400-408 each communicate 
with internal recess 860 of corresponding blade-stop washers. As 
illustrated in FIGS. 58-62 when blade-stop washers 800-808 are 
individually removably attached to arrowhead body 602 arrowheads 212a-e 
are created. Arrowheads 212a-e accordingly have different sloped blade 
abutting surfaces therewith. Thus, when a pivotal blade such as a blade 
702 abuts against each different sloped blade abutting surface 400-408 of 
corresponding arrowheads when in a penetrating configuration, the 
corresponding blade(s) 702 will define a different cutting diameter (all 
other factors being equal--but not limited thereto) when abutting against 
each different sloped blade abutting surface as is according to at least 
some of the desired results of this invention. 
FIGS. 63-74 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection means 
as according to this invention and another example of hinge means 
relocation means as according to this invention. FIGS. 63-65 illustrate an 
arrowhead 214a, an arrowhead 214b and an arrowhead 214c each utilizing a 
pivotal blade 706, and an arrowhead body 604 that has a recessed annular 
groove 671 for receiving a blade hinge ring such as blade ring 302 
therein. It is apparent that arrowheads 214a-c may each utilize a 
plurality of three pivotal blades 706 (or more or less) despite only one 
blade 706 being depicted in each of FIGS. 63-65. Each pivotal blade 706 
has a second notch 744 that is larger than second notches 742 of other 
pivotal blades heretofore disclosed so as to provide ample room for 
annular spring 970 (not illustrated) or an equivalent to urge annular 
notch ring 960 (not illustrated) or an equivalent into engagement 
therewith. A filler element 502 as illustrated in FIG. 71 is configured 
such so as to be removably slidably mounted or received within recessed 
annular groove 671 of arrowhead body 604 so as to abut or seat against 
annular shelf 672 thereof as illustrated in FIG. 64. A plurality of three 
filler elements 502 (as seen in a top view as in FIG. 74) when seated upon 
annular blade ring 302 as illustrated in FIGS. 69 & 70 creates arrowhead 
214b (FIG. 64) which has a cutting diameter 1006. A filler element 500 
having a substantially longer axial length (as illustrated in FIG. 68) 
than filler element 502 is configured such so as to also be removably 
slidably mounted or received within recessed annular groove 671 of 
arrowhead body 604 and to thereby abut or seat against annular shelf 672 
thereof. A plurality of three filler elements 500 when seated upon annular 
ring 302 as illustrated in FIGS. 66 & 67 creates arrowhead 214a (FIG. 63) 
which has a cutting diameter 1008. Cutting diameter 1004 is defined by 
arrowhead 214c (FIG. 65) when blade ring 302 seats directly against 
annular shelf 672. Hinge means (blade ring 302) as illustrated in FIGS. 
63-74 is enabled to be positioned at a plurality of different locations 
relative to arrowhead body 604 such that pivotal blade 706 is enabled to 
define a plurality of different cutting diameters (1004, 1006, & 1008) 
when in penetrating configurations 214a-c as is according to this 
invention. 
It is apparent that the filler elements or equivalents as according to this 
invention may be fabricated of metal wire, molded organic polymers such as 
injection molded plastics or of other suitable materials. 
FIGS. 75-83 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection means 
as according to this invention and another example of blade abutting 
surface change means as according to this invention. FIG. 75 illustrates a 
blade-opening arrowhead 216 which is similar to arrowheads heretofore 
disclosed except arrowhead 216 utilizes an arrowhead body 606, a 
blade-stop washer 810 having a blade abutting surface 410, a substantially 
flat and circular or non-bumped blade ring 312 as illustrated in FIG. 76, 
a spacer element 990, a plurality of pivotal blades 708 and a conventional 
rubber O-ring 980 for selectively holding or retaining blades 708 in the 
closed or in-flight position. It is apparent that the method of 
selectively retaining a pivotal blade of a blade-opening arrowhead in a 
closed or in-flight retracted position is of relatively minor significance 
or importance to this invention. Spacer element 990 as illustrated in FIG. 
78 seats in externally exposed annular groove 688 of arrowhead body 606 
and serves to prevent the sharp cutting edge 770 of each pivotal blade 708 
from being dulled by contacting arrowhead body 606 when in the closed or 
in-flight position, such as is taught in my U.S. patent application Ser. 
No. 09/303,762 filed May 3, 1999 which is also incorporated herein by 
specific reference. FIGS. 79-83 illustrate blade-stop washers 810, 812, 
814, 816 & 818 each having corresponding different sloped blade abutting 
surfaces 410, 412, 414, 416 & 418 respectively. Each blade-stop washer 
810-818 has substantially the same axial thickness as one another. Forward 
terminuses 450 of blade abutting surfaces 410-418 do not communicate with 
internal recess 850 of corresponding blade-stop washers but extend thereon 
so that forward terminuses 450 substantially line-up or communicate with 
external wall 674 of recessed annular groove 670 as illustrated for 
example with washer 810 in FIG. 75. When blade-stop washers 810-818 are 
individually removably attached to arrowhead body 606, a pivotal blade 
such as a blade 708 will define a different cutting diameter (all other 
factors being equal--but not limited thereto) when in abutment against 
each different sloped blade abutting surface 410-418 as is according to at 
least some of the desired results of this invention. 
It is apparent that blade ring 312 as illustrated for example in FIGS. 75 & 
76, and the other blade rings as according to this invention could either 
be expanded or compressed to larger or narrower circular diameters or 
neither expanded nor compressed when being attached within corresponding 
annular recessed grooves or equivalents so as to be in an in-flight and/or 
penetrating arrowhead configuration. 
It is apparent that the arrowheads as according to this invention may have 
varying types of blade-stop structures such as blade-stop washers as have 
been illustrated herein: such blade-stop structures which serve to provide 
the functions of limiting the rotation of corresponding pivotal blades by 
abutting thereagainst, lessening the impact forces delivered to the hinge 
pin(s) or equivalent and preventing undesirable damage to accompanying 
arrowshafts and/or other arrowhead structures. For example, the pivotal 
blades as according to this invention may abut against integrally attached 
or formed sections of corresponding arrowhead bodies, recessed blade-stop 
washers like unto blade-stop washer 800 or non-recessed blade-stop washers 
having blade abutting surfaces thereon such as does blade-stop washer 810. 
Preferably the blade-stop washers or equivalents as according to this 
invention are hardened sufficiently such as by caborizing, case hardening 
or other heat treating or hardening techniques so as to not substantially 
be damaged by the impacting blades during target penetration, such as when 
the blades collide with heavy bone of a large game animal. 
FIGS. 84 & 85 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection 
means as according to this invention and another example of blade abutting 
surface change means as according to this invention. FIG. 84 illustrates a 
blade-opening arrowhead 218 which is similar to arrowhead 216 except 
arrowhead 218 utilizes an arrowhead body 608 having flat skirt 669, and a 
plurality of blade-stop washers 820, 822, 824, 826 & 828 each having 
corresponding different sloped blade abutting surfaces 420, 422, 424, 426 
& 428 so as to enable arrowhead 218 to define a plurality of different 
cutting diameters. Each blade-stop washer 820-828 has substantially the 
same axial thickness as one another, which is notably thicker than the 
axial thickness of blade-stop washers 810-818 of FIGS. 79-83. Forward 
terminuses 450 of blade abutting surfaces 420-428 communicate with 
internal recess 850 of corresponding blade-stop washers and extend thereon 
so that forward terminuses 450 substantially line-up or communicate with 
internal wall 676 of recessed annular groove 670. When blade-stop washers 
820-828 are individually removably attached to arrowhead body 608 a 
pivotal blade such as a blade 708 will define a different cutting diameter 
(all other factors being equal--but not limited thereto) when abutting 
against each different sloped blade abutting surface 420-428 as is 
according to this invention. 
FIGS. 86-90 illustrate yet another example of cutting diameter selection 
means as according to this invention and yet another example of blade 
abutting surface change means as according to this invention. FIG. 86 
illustrates a blade-opening arrowhead 220 which is similar to arrowhead 
216 as illustrated in FIGS. 75-83 except arrowhead 220 utilizes an 
arrowhead body 610 having an externally exposed recessed annular groove 
680 for removably receiving a blade retention annular resilient member 982 
which may be a rubber O-ring. Annular resilient member 982 urges itself 
into engagement with the outer and rearward section of the peripheral edge 
of each blade 708 so as to selectively retain or hold blades 708 in the 
closed in-flight position until acted upon by an opening force. FIG. 90 
illustrates a plurality of blade-stop washers 830, 832, 834, 836 & 838 
each having corresponding different sloped blade abutting surfaces 430, 
432, 434, 436 & 438 so as to enable arrowhead 220 to define a plurality of 
different cutting diameters. Each blade-stop washer 830-838 does not have 
the same axial thickness as one another. When blade-stop washers 830-838 
are individually removably attached to arrowhead body 610 a pivotal blade 
such as a blade 708 will define a different cutting diameter (all other 
factors being equal--but not limited thereto) when abutting against each 
different sloped blade abutting surface 430-438 as is according to this 
invention. FIG. 89 illustrates blade-stop washers 810-818 which have 
heretofore been disclosed, and which also are removably attachable with 
arrowhead body 610 so as to enable arrowhead 220 to define a plurality of 
yet further different cutting diameters. 
It is apparent that differing sets of blade-stop washers as for example 
which have been disclosed herein, may be removably attachable with and 
amongst various different arrowhead bodies and arrowheads of this 
invention so as to provide an arrowhead and/or arrowheads capable of 
enabling a plurality of same shaped blades to obtain different penetrating 
characteristics, different cutting diameters and different tissue volume 
cutting capacities. 
FIGS. 91-97 illustrate another example of cutting diameter selection means 
as according to this invention and another example of blade abutting 
surface change means as according to this invention. FIG. 91 illustrates a 
blade-opening arrowhead 222 which is similar to arrowhead 220 as 
illustrated in FIGS. 86-90 except arrowhead 222 utilizes straight hinge 
pins such as a partially threaded set screw 320 (FIG. 94) and/or a fully 
threaded set screw 322 (FIG. 95) for hinge means, an arrowhead body 612 
having a plurality of blade slots 632 and a hinge pin through hole 690 for 
each blade 708. Through holes 690 are threaded so as to threadably receive 
a corresponding number of set screws 320 or set screws 322 therein when 
pivotally connecting blades 708 to arrowhead body 612. When blade-stop 
washers 830-838 and/or blade-stop washers 810-818 are individually 
removably attached to arrowhead body 612 a pivotal blade such as a blade 
708 will define a different cutting diameter when abutting against each 
different corresponding sloped blade abutting surface. It is apparent that 
arrowhead preferred embodiments as according to this invention such as 
arrowhead 222 may be attached to an arrowshaft without a blade-stop washer 
mounted thereon such that a rear section 699b or equivalent of arrowhead 
body 612, or other arrowheads as according to this invention, contacts the 
corresponding arrowshaft or arrowshaft insert directly and thereby acts as 
the arrowshaft contacting surface of the arrowhead. 
FIGS. 98-100 illustrate a blade-opening arrowhead 224 which is similar to 
arrowhead 222 except arrowhead 224 utilizes an arrowhead body 614, set 
screws 320 for hinge means and a conventional O-ring for blade retention 
like unto arrowhead 218 as illustrated in FIG. 84. 
FIGS. 101-107 illustrate yet still another example of cutting diameter 
selection means as according to this invention and yet still another 
example of blade abutting surface change means as according to this 
invention. FIG. 101 illustrates a blade-opening arrowhead 226a and FIG. 
107 illustrates a blade-opening arrowhead 226b which are similar to 
arrowhead 224 as illustrated in FIG. 98 except arrowheads 226a/226b 
utilize a plurality of blades 710 each having a notch 746 for removably 
receiving an annular resilient member 982 such as a conventional rubber 
O-ring for blade retention. Arrowhead 226a yet further differs from 
arrowhead 224 in that arrowhead 226a utilizes an extender element 504 for 
displacing blade-stop washer 834 and accompanying blade abutting surface 
434 to a different spatial location relative to arrowhead body 614 than 
the location blade-stop washer 434 would of been located at without 
extender element 504 attached therewith. Particularly, arrowhead 226a as 
illustrated in FIG. 101 will define a narrower cutting diameter when in a 
penetrating configuration than would the arrowhead when extender element 
504 is removed and blades 710 are in abutment with blade stop-washer 834. 
Arrowhead 226b yet further differs from arrowhead 224 and arrowhead 226a 
in that arrowhead 226b utilizes two extender elements 504 for displacing 
blade stop washer 834 and accompanying blade abutting surface 434 to yet a 
different spatial location relative to arrowhead body 614 than the 
location blade-stop washer 434 would of been located at with one extender 
element 504 or without any extender elements 504 therewith. Particularly, 
arrowhead 226b as illustrated in FIG. 107 will define a narrower cutting 
diameter than will arrowhead 226a because blade abutting surface 834 is 
located further from hinge means 320 of arrowhead 226b than of arrowhead 
226a. Extender element 504 as illustrated in FIG. 105 has a blade abutting 
surface 440, that in the absence of a blade-stop washer such as blade-stop 
washer 834 could limit the rotation of corresponding pivotal blades 710 
when rotating to the open position so as to define yet a different cutting 
diameter of the arrowhead. Although arrowheads 226a & 226b are referenced 
herein by different reference numerals it is to be noted that in general 
arrowheads 226a & 226b are substantially the same arrowhead (but not 
limited thereto) other than the attachment of different numbers of 
extender elements 504 therewith as has been heretofore discussed. 
FIGS. 108-117 illustrate yet still another example of cutting diameter 
selection means as according to this invention and yet still another 
example of hinge means relocation means as according to this invention. 
FIG. 108 illustrates a blade-opening arrowhead 228a which is similar to 
arrowhead 222 as illustrated in FIG. 91 except arrowhead 228a has an 
arrowhead body 616 which has a pair of axially spaced apart hinge pin 
through holes 692 & 694 for each pivotal blade 708 to be selectively 
removably attached in a corresponding blade slot 631 respectively, and a 
pair of axially spaced apart externally exposed annular grooves 682 & 684 
for removably receiving annular retention member 982 therein for blade 
retention. Hinge pin through holes 692 and 694 are substantially 
equidistantly displaced from central longitudinal axis 900 of arrowhead 
body 616. Partially threaded set screws 320 removably attach blades 708 to 
arrowhead body 616 by being received in hinge pin through holes 692 of 
slots 631 of arrowhead 228a as illustrated in FIGS. 108 & 114, whereas 
partially threaded set screws 320 removably attach blades 708 to arrowhead 
body 616 by being received in hinge pin through holes 694 of slots 631 of 
arrowhead 228b as illustrated in FIG. 113. As specifically illustrated in 
FIGS. 113 & 114 arrowhead 228b defines a cutting diameter 1010 and 
arrowhead 228a defines a different cutting diameter 1012 as is according 
to the hinge means relocation means and cutting diameter selection means 
of this invention. As is apparent from FIGS. 115-117 by use of extender 
elements or equivalents such as extender element 504 and/or a plurality of 
different sloped blade abutting surface blade-stop washers as has been 
taught herein, arrowheads 228a & 228b could yet further define other 
different cutting diameters than cutting diameters 1010 & 1012. Although 
arrowheads 228a & 228b are referenced herein by different reference 
numerals it is to be noted that in general arrowheads 228a & 228b are 
substantially the same arrowhead (but not limited thereto) other than the 
attachment of the hinge means in different locations upon arrowhead body 
616 as has been heretofore discussed. 
It is apparent that arrowheads 228a & 228b and other arrowheads as 
according to this invention could have a plurality of hinge pin through 
holes that communicate with one blade slot wherein the plurality of hinge 
pin through holes comprises at least three such hinge pin through holes or 
more, so as to enable a pivotal blade to be rotatably connected or hinged 
to a corresponding arrowhead body at more than two different spatial 
locations within the blade's corresponding blade slot. 
FIGS. 118 & 119 illustrate a blade-opening arrowhead 230 which is similar 
to arrowheads 228a/228b except arrowhead 230 utilizes conventional O-ring 
980 stretched around the outside of blades 708 for blade retention. 
Arrowhead 230 as illustrated in FIG. 119 has a blade 708 pivotally 
attached or connected to an arrowhead body 618 thereof at a hinge pin 
through hole 694 so as to define a cutting diameter 1014, while 
concomitantly having at least one other blade 708 pivotally connected to a 
hinge pin through hole 692 so as to define a different cutting diameter 
1016. 
FIG. 120 illustrates a blade-opening arrowhead 232 which is similar to 
arrowheads 228a & 228b except arrowhead 232 has an arrowhead body 620 that 
has an integral blade abutting surface 442 for each blade 708 to abut 
thereagainst when the arrowhead is in a penetrating configuration. Each 
integral blade abutting surface 442 is substantially a section of a blade 
slot 635 of arrowhead body 620. Arrowhead 232 has an integral arrowshaft 
abutting surface 699c that is integral with arrowhead body 620. Arrowhead 
232 is also capable of having at least two same shaped pivotal blades 
attached therewith at the same time so as to each define a different 
cutting diameter. 
FIG. 121 illustrates a blade-opening arrowhead 234 which is similar to 
arrowhead 232 except arrowhead 234 has an arrowhead body 622 and utilizes 
a conventional O-ring which is stretched around the outside of blades 708 
when blades 708 are in the closed position, as for example as is 
illustrated in FIG. 98 with arrowhead 224 as is according to this 
invention. FIG. 122 illustrates that a plurality of blades 710 each having 
a notch 746 may be used with an arrowhead body 622 so as to provide a 
blade-opening arrowhead having an annular resilient member for blade 
retention such as annular resilient member 982 is particularly depicted in 
FIGS. 101 & 107 with arrowheads 226a & 226b respectively. It is apparent 
that annular resilient member 982 while received in notches 746 of blades 
710 when an accompanying arrowhead is in a closed in-flight position could 
also be received at least in part simultaneously in an externally exposed 
annular groove fabricated upon an accompanying arrowhead body. 
FIG. 123 illustrates an arrowhead body 624 capable of producing an 
arrowhead or arrowheads that define a plurality of different cutting 
diameters with a single blade or a plurality of same shaped blades as is 
according to at least some of the preferred embodiments of this invention. 
Arrowhead body 624 is similar to arrowhead body 620 of arrowhead 232 
except arrowhead body 624 has a plurality of hinge pin through holes 693 
that are displaced closer to central longitudinal axis 900 than are hinge 
pin through holes 694 located therebelow (as compared to the spatial 
arrangement of through holes 692 & 694 of arrowhead 232). Each hinge pin 
through hole 693 is located substantially an equal shortest distance from 
central longitudinal axis 900 as each other hinge pin through hole 693. 
Each hinge pin through hole 694 is located substantially an equal shortest 
distance from central longitudinal axis 900 as each other hinge pin 
through hole 694. And each hinge pin through hole 692, as has been 
illustrated with previous arrowhead embodiments of this invention, is 
located substantially an equal shortest distance from central longitudinal 
axis 900 as each other hinge pin through hole 692. 
FIG. 124 illustrates an arrowhead body 626 capable of producing an 
arrowhead or arrowheads which can define a plurality of different cutting 
diameters as is according to this invention. Arrowhead body 626 has a 
hinge pin through hole 696 and a hinge pin through hole 698 that 
substantially intersect with central longitudinal axis 900. The pivotal 
blades used with arrowhead body 626 may be selectively retained or held in 
the closed in-flight position by an annular resilient member being seated 
in either externally exposed annular grooves 682 & 684 and/or stretched 
around the outside of the blades thereupon. As illustrated in FIGS. 
125-128 it is apparent that the hinge pin through holes 692, 694, 696 & 
698 of arrowhead body 626 are capable of receiving various length hinge 
pins, such as a longer partially threaded set screw 324 and/or a longer 
fully threaded set screw 326 in addition to set screws 320 & 322 which 
have heretofore been illustrated. Arrowhead body 626 has a plurality of 
two blade slots 636 that communicate with each other wherein each blade 
slot is preferably substantially the thickness of at least two 
corresponding blades so that two corresponding pivotal blades may be 
hingedly connected to arrowhead body 626 at each hinge pin through hole 
within slots 636. Arrowheads as according to this invention having an 
arrowhead body similar to arrowhead body 626 except having at least one 
additional blade slot that is substantially the thickness of only one 
corresponding blade so as to pivotally house only one blade at a time 
therein are envisioned to be within the scope of this invention as well. 
As is illustrated in FIG. 129 an arrowhead 236a defines a cutting diameter 
1018 utilizing a plurality of two pivotal blades 708 hingedly or pivotally 
attached to arrowhead body 626. Arrowhead 236a utilizes a conventional 
rubber O-ring that is stretched around the outside of blades 708 for blade 
retention, and blades 708 when in the open penetrating configuration as 
illustrated in FIG. 129 abut against integral blade abutting surface 446. 
As is illustrated in FIG. 132 an arrowhead 236b defines a cutting diameter 
1020 and a cutting diameter 1022 simultaneously with arrowhead body 626 
and a plurality of two pivotal blades 708. Arrowhead 236b is identical to 
arrowhead 236a of FIG. 129 except for the relocation of corresponding 
hinge means (set screws) and therefore the different spatial orientation 
of blades 708 therewith. FIG. 137 depicts a slot washer 506 that is 
substantially the thickness of a pivotal blade which when attached to a 
hinge pin and housed within an arrowhead body blade slot adjacent to a 
pivotal blade, slot washer 506 ensures a snug and wobble free fit of the 
pivotal blade in slot 636 as is illustrated in FIG. 132. Slot washer 506 
has a hinge pin aperture 508 for receiving a set screw therethrough. 
FIGS. 138-150 illustrate yet still further other preferred arrowhead 
embodiments as according to this invention. As is illustrated in FIG. 138 
an arrowhead body 628 has recessed annular groove 670 for receiving 
annular blade rings and/or filler elements (such as is illustrated in 
FIGS. 141-144). Arrowhead body 628 also has a plurality of two hinge pin 
through holes 692 & 694 formed in each corresponding blade slot thereof 
for receiving a set screw or straight hinge means. Arrowhead body 628 is 
capable of utilizing a variety of different blade retention methods for 
selectively retaining corresponding pivotal blades in the closed in-flight 
position, such as conventional O-rings, other annular resilient members 
and compression spring 970 with accompanying notch ring 960 and blade stop 
washer 800 as is illustrated in FIG. 145. Arrowhead body 628 when 
producing arrowheads that achieve at least some of the desired results as 
according to this invention is enabled to utilize a variety of different 
pivotal blades therewith, such for example as is illustrated in FIGS. 
146-148. FIG. 147 illustrates a blade 712 which has a notch 748 located a 
substantial distance away from a hinge pin aperture 723 thereof for 
removably receiving an annular resilient blade retention member such as a 
conventional O-ring when the arrowhead is in a corresponding closed 
in-flight position. FIGS. 149 & 150 yet illustrate that different sloped 
blade abutting surfaces when associated with arrowhead body 628 in the 
various different possible combinations thereof will produce an arrowhead 
or arrowheads capable of defdefining yet even a greater number of 
different cutting diameters with a singe blade (but not limited thereto) 
as is according to this invention. 
The arrowheads as according to this invention overcome deficiencies 
inherent in prior art arrowheads in that the ability to produce more than 
one cutting diameter with the use of a single blade, or a plurality of 
same shaped blades is provided so that a single arrowhead is capable of 
obtaining deeper penetration with narrower cutting diameters as well as 
increased tissue volume cutting with wider cutting diameters thereof. 
Although the preferred embodiments of this invention have been depicted as 
having a plurality of two, three or four blades each, it is apparent that 
the arrowheads according to this invention may have any number of pivotal 
blades. Although the preferred embodiments of this invention have been 
depicted as having pivotal blades and accompanying blade slots 
substantially in radial alignment with the central longitudinal axis of 
corresponding arrowhead bodies it is apparent that the arrowheads as 
according to this invention may have non-radially aligned pivotal cutting 
blades and corresponding blade slots which also may be non-radially 
aligned therewith. It is apparent that the arrowheads as according to this 
invention may have blade slots and/or blades that are oriented in a plane 
inclined relative to their corresponding arrowhead body central 
longitudinal axises such as is taught in my U.S. patent application Ser. 
No. 08/858,096 filed May 21, 1997, which is incorporated herein by 
specific reference. It is apparent that the arrowheads as according to 
this invention may have fixed blades attached therewith. 
The arrowheads according to this invention having pivotal blades may be 
blade-opening arrowheads which are commonly known in the industry as 
mechanical broadheads, or may be non blade-opening arrowheads. 
Although the arrowheads of this invention have been depicted with having 
removably attachable arrowhead tips, it is apparent that substantially 
non-removably attached arrowhead tips, and other types of removably 
attachable arrowhead tips, and integrally fabricated arrowhead tips (such 
as arrowheads where the major portion of each arrowhead body and arrowhead 
tip are fabricated from a single piece of stock) are applicable to the 
scope of this invention. 
It is apparent that the different and various elements of this invention 
may be made of light weight and strong materials, such as composites, 
organic polymers, resilient materials, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, 
stainless steels, steels and other metals and materials. It is also 
apparent that the arrowhead bodies of the arrowheads of this invention may 
be fastened to the forward end of an arrow shaft or equivalent by any 
method, such as threading into an insert, or glueing thereon. 
It is apparent that the different parts and elements and their equivalents 
of the arrowheads of this invention, as discussed above and according to 
other preferred embodiments of this invention, can be changed, or 
interchanged, or eliminated, or duplicated, or made of different 
materials, and connected to or associated with adjacent elements in 
different manners, other than suggested herein, without deterring from the 
desired results of the arrowheads of this invention. For example, 
arrowheads having at least in part features as disclosed in this 
specification may be combined with features of the embodiments and spirit 
of the arrowheads and cutting tips incorporated herein by specific 
reference. 
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the 
sole embodiments described above, as will be apparent to those skilled in 
the art, but encompasses the essence of all embodiments, and their legal 
equivalents, within the scope of the following claims.