Method and apparatus for the aligning and installation of wicket gate bushings in a unitized stay ring-discharge ring of a hydro-turbine machine

Bushing and sleeve assembly are attached in an alignment fixture and placed in the stay ring-discharge ring. An internal pilot bearing is placed in the headcover to accommodate an aligning bar which is lowered through the headcover and pilot. The lower end of the aligning bar is engaged with the aligning fixture and the pilot can then be engaged with the headcover to automatically align the bushing and sleeve assembly with the two headcover bushings at the upper bearing pilot and the internal intermediate pilot.

This invention relates in general to hydraulic turbines and more 
particularly to installation of wicket gates in a unitized stay 
ring-discharge ring. This invention is more specifically directed to the 
aligning and installation of the lower gate stem bushings in a unitized 
stay ring-discharge ring of the turbine. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
In many types of hydraulic turbines the various components are fabricated 
as individual units. This permits shop assembly in stages or even field 
assembly in stages. However, in the larger size of turbines wherein 
unitized construction is utilized to reduce cost and increase the strength 
of the components, difficulty has been experienced in installing the lower 
gate stem bushing so as to provide true alignment for the wicket gate stem 
or shaft. In the past, the bushings were installed in the shop in holes 
machined in a separate bottom, independent bottom ring or in the discharge 
ring. This operation requires a boring fixture or template to locate the 
holes accurately. 
However, in the large sizes of turbines, the components are fabricated in 
sections and assembled in the field. Also, unitized construction is 
introduced to increase the structural strength of the machine and also to 
reduce the cost of manufacturing. Thus, unitized stay ring-discharge ring 
is assembled in the field and encased in the concrete structure prior to 
the other components. This, of course, creates problems, especially where 
a plurality of holes are to be provided which holes must be in alignment. 
It is a general object of the present invention to provide a method and 
apparatus for aligning and installing wicket gate bushings in a unitized 
stay ring-discharge ring. 
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method and 
apparatus for accomplishing the field alignment and installation of lower 
gate stem bushings in a unitized stay ring-discharge ring of a hydraulic 
turbine machine. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method and 
apparatus for the field alignment and installation of wicket gate stem 
bushings that do not require the provision and use of expensive boring 
fixtures or templates. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method and 
apparatus which allows the utilization of unitized stay ring-discharge 
ring construction wherein the bearing holes for the stems of the wicket 
gates may be cut in the shop without the necessity of a fixture and the 
plurality of wicket gate bearings can be field installed with 
substantially perfect alignment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Referring to FIG. 1, the portion of a hydraulic turbine machine 10 
illustrated therein, discloses a unitized stay ring-discharge ring 11. To 
the unitized stay ring-discharge ring 11 there is welded a spiral case 12 
through which the water stream flows to the runner 14 and thence through 
the draft tube 16. The unitized stay ring-discharge ring 11 and the spiral 
case 12 is encased in the concrete foundation 17 of the powerhouse prior 
to the other components of the turbine being assembled thereto at a later 
time. Because of its size and the forces it must withstand, the headcover 
21 is a fabricated member comprising upper and lower horizontally disposed 
plate or deck members 22 and 23, respectively. The upper and lower members 
are rigidly joined together by means of a cylindrical sidewall 24. A 
vertically disposed central bearing-housing 26 reinforces the headcover 
assembly 21 and carries a turbine shaft bearing 27 in which the turbine 
shaft 28 is journalled. 
The turbine 10 includes a plurality of wicket gates 31, one of which is 
shown, which operate to control the flow of water through the turbine. As 
shown, each wicket gate 31 includes a stub shaft or stem 32 at the lower 
end of the wicket gate blade 33. This stub shaft 32 is journalled in a 
bearing 34 mounted in an opening 36 formed in the bottom ring 37 of 
unitized stay ring-discharge ring 11. 
An elongated shaft or upper stem 41 is connected to the upper end of the 
wicket gate blade 33. As shown, the stem 41 extends through both decks 23 
and 22 of the headcover assembly 21. An operating mechanism (not shown) is 
operably connected to the upper extendion of stem 41 in a well known 
manner to effect the positioning movement of the gates. To support the 
upper stem 41 there is provided an intermediate support assembly 42 and an 
upper support assembly 43. The support assembly 43 is disposed within an 
opening 46 formed in the upper deck and cut therein in the shop when 
fabricating the headcover assembly 21. Similarly, the intermediate support 
assembly 42 is likewise disposed in an opening 47 cut in the lower deck 23 
which is also formed in the shop at time of fabricating the headcover. In 
the same manner, the bearing 34 is located within an opening 36 cut in the 
unitized stay ring-discharge ring 11. 
Since openings 46, 47 and 36 are all cut in the shop during fabrication of 
the components, a problem of aligning the supporting assemblies 43 and 42 
and the bearing 34 is presented. This is true for every wicket gate 
assembly of which there are 28. It is apparent, therefore, that to provide 
expensive boring fixtures for field installation would be a prohibitive 
cost factor. 
With the present invention, a near-as-possible perfect field alignment of 
the three bearings is possible. To this end, an apparatus 50 is provided 
to utilize the less critically sized location holes in the as manufactured 
stay ring-discharge ring 11 for the bushings. As shown in FIG. 2, the 
lowest bearing assembly 34 includes a bushing 51 and sleeve 52 which are 
attached or clamped to a lower bearing alignment fixture 55. The alignment 
fixture 55 includes a circular body member 56 of a diameter which is 
larger than the diameter of the stay ring-discharge ring opening 36 which 
has been previously rough bored or burned to good layout. Thus, the body 
member 56 will rest on the surface 57 of the bottom ring 37 and surround 
the opening 36. The lower bearing alignment fixture 55 includes a 
plurality of radially inwardly extending ribs 58, the ends of which are 
welded to the inner surface of the circular body member 56. At their inner 
ends, the ribs 58 rest upon and are welded to the top surface of a flanged 
head 59 of a pilot bushing 61. Thus, the pilot bushing 61 is supported in 
depending relationship by the circular body member 56 and is movable with 
it in all directions. As shown, the pilot bushing 61 engages in the bore 
of sleeve 51 which, in turn, is disposed within bushing 52. 
As previously mentioned, the headcover 21 and the unitized stay 
ring-discharge ring 11 are manufactured at different times. This is true 
because the unitized stay ring-discharge ring 11 is an embedded component 
which is placed in the powerhouse foundation long before the headcover 21 
is manufactured. Under this condition, it is impossible to assemble the 
two units 21 and 11 in the shop so as to line bore the openings 46, 47 and 
36 together. It also must be remembered, while reference is herein being 
made to associated openings 46, 47 and 36, there are approximately 24 to 
28 associated openings arranged in circular pattern relationship around 
the axis of the turbine shaft 28 to accommodate all of the necessary 
wicket gates 31. Thus, the openings 46 and 47 can be readily line bored 
during the manufacturing process of the headcover and the openings 36 will 
be bored or flame cut to a good layout separately. However, this presents 
a problem with effecting the aligning of the bearing assemblies. 
To overcome this problem, the lower assembly 34 comprising the sleeve 51 
and bushing 52 is securely clamped to the lower bearing assembly alignment 
fixture 55. To this end, the pilot bushing 61 is provided with a plurality 
of axially extending bores 66, in this instance, three, which are spaced 
equi-distant apart. In FIG. 2 only one of the bores 66 is shown. Each of 
the bores 66 receive a bolt 67 which extends below the end face of the 
bushing 61. A thumb clamp 68 is threadedly engaged on the lower extending 
threaded end of each of the bolts 67. The bushing and sleeve assembly 34 
is clamped to the alignment fixture 55 by means of the bolt and thumb 
clamps so that the bushing and sleeve assembly 34 is movable radially in 
all directions with the fixture 55. With the bushing and sleeve assembly 
34 clamped to the alignment fixture 55, it is placed in the opening 36. 
The intermediate bearing pilot 42 is inserted into the headcover opening 
47 and is located in the sleeve 49 which has previously been inserted into 
the opening 47. An aligning bar 41A is inserted through the openings 46 
and 47 to effect the engagement of the lower pilot end 71 of the bar 
within the lower bushing 61. With the pilot end 71 of bar 41A engaged in 
bushing 61 the bar 41A may be fully inserted so as to engage an 
intermediate bushing 42 and also to fully engage an upper pilot 73 in the 
upper bushing 43. This automatically effects the alignment of the bushing 
and sleeve assembly 34 with the two headcover bushings 42 and 43 at pilots 
72 and 73, respectively. 
With alignment obtained, a commercially available plastic steel compound is 
poured into the space 76 which exists between the outer surface of the 
bushing 52 and the surface of the lower bore or opening 36. To prevent the 
plastic steel compound from running out, a dam 77 of putty or an O-ring or 
the like is inserted below the bushing and sleeve assembly 34 as shown in 
FIG. 2. A plastic steel compound which has been found suitable is known as 
DEVCON PLASTIC STEEL "B" (pour type). This compound when set exhibits 
18,000 P.S.I. Compression. When the compound has set and fixed the bearing 
assembly 34 in a position of alignment with the axis of the bar 41A, the 
alignment bar 41A is removed and the clamps 68 released. Thereafter, the 
alignment fixture 55 can be removed. The upper surface of the compound may 
be finished off, flush with the surface 57 by grinding. 
From the foregoing description of a preferred alignment arrangement, it is 
apparent that an extremely simple yet effective means has been provided 
for aligning a bearing assembly which is located in a previously bored 
opening in one member with other bearing assemblies that have been 
constructed in another member at a different time.