N-Substituted 2-methylnaphthylamides, their preparation, and fungicides containing these compounds

The present invention relates to novel N-substituted 
2-methylnaphthylamides, processes for their preparation, and fungicides 
containing these compounds. 
The use of zinc ethylene-1,2-bisdithiocarbamate (Chemical Week, July 26, 
1972, page 41) and N-trichloromethylthiophthalimide (Chemical Week, June 
21, 1972, page 63) as fungicides in agriculture and in horticulture has 
been disclosed. The above compounds are useful for controlling fungal 
diseases, but they cannot be used after infection has occurred, and, when 
employed in low concentrations, do not satisfy practical requirements. 
We have found that novel N-substituted 2-methylnaphthylamides of the 
general formula I 
##STR2## 
where R is an unsubstituted or methyl-substituted fur-2-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, 
isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl or oxazol-5-yl 
radical, or an isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, 
thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 
1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 
1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl or 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl 
radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, nitro or methyl, 
or R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by 
halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, 
imidazol-1-yl, pyrazol-1-yl or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, or R is the group 
--CH.sub.2 --Y--R.sup.1, where Y is oxygen or sulfur and R.sup.1 is 
C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxyethyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxyethoxyethyl, or R 
is C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 
-alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxycarbonyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, 
possess powerful fungicidal properties. 
In formula I, R is preferably fur-2-yl, isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, 
thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, 
oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 
1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl, 
methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methylthiomethyl, ethylthiomethyl, 
methoxyethyl, imidazol-1-ylmethyl, pyrazol-1-ylmethyl, 
1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, chloromethyl, 
bromomethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 1-chloropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 
4-chlorobutyl, vinyl, propenyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, 
ethoxycarbonyl, cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl. 
R.sup.1 is preferably methoxyethoxy, ethoxyethoxy, methoxyethoxyethoxy or 
butoxyethoxyethoxy. 
The novel N-substituted 2-methylnaphthylamides of the formula I possess a 
chiral carbon atom in the alpha carbon atom of the butyric acid moiety of 
the amide, and further centers of chirality in the radical R, depending on 
the nature of the latter. Using conventional methods, the individual 
enantiomers or the diastereomers can be obtained, and the present 
invention also embraces these compounds in pure form or as mixtures. The 
individual enantiomers or the individual diastereomers, as well as the 
mixtures conventionally obtained in the synthesis, are active as 
fungicides. 
Moreover, we have found that the novel compounds of the general formula I 
are obtained when a 2-methylnaphthylamine of the formula II 
##STR3## 
is reacted 
(a) with an acid halide of the formula III 
##STR4## 
or 
(b) with an acid anhydride of the formula IV 
##STR5## 
where R has the above meanings and Hal is chlorine or bromine, in the 
presence or absence of a solvent or diluent, with or without addition of 
an inorganic or organic base, and with or without addition of a reaction 
accelerator, at from -10.degree. to 100.degree. C. This reaction is 
preferred. Examples of preferred solvents or diluents which are inert to 
the reactants are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, eg. pentane, 
cyclohexane, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene and xylenes; 
halohydrocarbons, eg. methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane 
and chlorobenzenes; ketones, eg. acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers, 
eg. diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; esters, 
eg. ethyl acetate; nitriles, eg. acetonitrile; and sulfoxides, eg. 
dimethylsulfoxide; and appropriate mixtures. 
Examples of suitable inorganic or organic bases which may also be used as 
acid acceptors in the reaction if required, are alkali metal carbonates 
and alkaline earth metal carbonates, eg. sodium bicarbonate, potassium 
bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate; 
borates, eg. sodium borate; phosphates, eg. sodium and potassium di- and 
triphosphate; and amines, eg. triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, 
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine and pyridine. However, it 
is also possible to use other conventional bases. 
The preparation process (a) can also be carried out in the absence of an 
acid acceptor, but it is advisable in some cases to pass dry nitrogen 
through the mixture to expel the hydrogen halide formed. 
Preferred reaction accelerators are metal halides, eg. sodium bromide or 
potassium iodide, azoles, eg. imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole, or pyridines, 
eg. 4-dimethylaminopyridine. 
The reactions according to the invention are carried out, for example, at 
from -10.degree. to +100.degree. C., preferably from 0.degree. to 
+80.degree. C., at atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure, either 
continuously or batchwise. 
Furthermore, we have found that the compound of the formula II is obtained 
when 
(a) 2-methylnaphthylamine is reacted with methyl 2-ketobutyrate of the 
formula V 
##STR6## 
and the Schiff base obtained is hydrogenated, for example using a complex 
metal hydride or catalytically with hydrogen, or 
(b) 2-methylnaphthylamine is reacted with methyl 2-chlorobutyrate or methyl 
2-bromobutyrate, in the presence or absence of a solvent or diluent, and 
in the presence or absence of an inorganic base, and with or without 
addition of a reaction accelerator, at from 40.degree. to 140.degree. C. 
The Schiff base is prepared, for example, as follows: 1 mole of 
2-methylnapthylamine is reacted with from 0.9 to 1.5 moles of methyl 
2-ketobutyrate of the formula V, in a solvent, with or without addition of 
an acidic catalyst, and water is separated off by distillation at from 
40.degree. to 200.degree. C., preferably from 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. 
Advantageously, solvents which are inert under the reaction conditions and 
at the same time form azeotropes with water are used for the reaction. 
Examples of suitable solvents are aromatic hydrocarbons, eg. benzene, 
toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m- and p-xylene, isopropylbenzene and 
methylnaphthalene, and aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, eg. 
heptane, nonane, pinane, gasoline fractions which boil at from 70.degree. 
to 190.degree. C., cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, ligroin, 
2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane and 
octane, and appropriate mixtures. 
The hydrogenation may be effected either by reduction with a complex 
hydride, eg. NaBH.sub.4, or catalytically with hydrogen. 
The reduction with sodium borohydride is carried out in general by reacting 
the Schiff base with from 0.2 to 1 mole, per mole of the Schiff base, of 
sodium borohydride, at from -20.degree. to +40.degree. C., in a solvent. 
In the catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen is fed to the reaction mixture at 
the beginning and in the course of the reaction in amounts such that there 
is always an appropriate reaction pressure, advantageously from 150 to 300 
bar, at the reaction temperature. The reaction is carried out in general 
at from 20.degree. to 200.degree. C., preferably from 25.degree. to 
160.degree. C., either batchwise or continuously. An inert gas, eg. 
nitrogen, may also be used to obtain the appropriate pressure. 
Particularly suitable solvents or diluents for both versions of the 
hydrogenation are alkanols and cycloalkanols, eg. n-propanol, isopropanol, 
n-butanol, isobutanol, glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, glycerol, 
amyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, 2-methylpentan-4-ol, 2-ethylhexanol and, in 
particular, methanol and ethanol; and cyclic ethers, eg. tetrahydrofuran 
and dioxane. 
When hydrogenation is carried out using a catalyst, the latter is employed 
as a rule in an amount of from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the Schiff 
base, and can be used as a mixture with a carrier which is suitable for 
the reaction, eg. silicon dioxide, the amount of the catalyst 
advantageously being from 10 to 40% by weight of this mixture. 
Advantageously, a copper chromite catalyst is used, for example the copper 
chromium oxide catalyst used by H. Adkins (cf. Houben-Weyl, Methoden der 
organischen Chemie, Volume 4/2, pages 180 to 183, and J. Appl. Chem. 5 
(1955), 289-295). They contain, for example, copper chromium spinel 
(CuCr.sub.2 O.sub.4) or a mixture of CuO and Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the ratio 
5:4, or are obtained from such compounds, and may also contain other 
oxides, mainly those of the alkaline earth metals, such as magnesium, 
calcium or barium. 
The following descriptions of the process illustrate the preparation of 
2-methylnaphthylamine of the formula II: 
(a.sub.1) Schiff base of 1-amino-2-methylnaphthalene 
##STR7## 
314 g (2 moles) of 1-amino-2-methylnaphthalene, 232 g (2 moles) of methyl 
2-ketobutyrate and 0.4 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid in 1,000 ml of 
cyclohexane are refluxed for 4 hours until 36 g of water have distilled 
off azeotropically and have separated off from the distillate. The 
cyclohexane is then distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue 
is directly reacted further. Yield: 494.7 g (97% of theory) of Schiff 
base. 
(a.sub.2) Hydrogenation of the Schiff base; Catalytic hydrogenation 
##STR8## 
(b) Direct alkylation of 1-amino-2-methylnaphthalene 
##STR9## 
144.2 g (0.92 mole) of 1-amino-2-methylnaphthalene are stirred with 90.2 g 
(1.08 moles) of sodium bicarbonate and 507 g (2.8 moles) of methyl 
2-bromobutyrate at from 120.degree. to 125.degree. C. for 18 hours. The 
mixture is cooled, and thereafter the precipitate is filtered off under 
suction, the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure, and the 
residue is distilled under reduced pressure. 204.3 g (79.5% of theory) of 
methyl 2-(2-methylnaphth-1-ylamino)-butyrate are obtained as a colorless 
oil. Boiling point: 148.degree.-150.degree. C./0.25 mbar; n.sub.D.sup.25 
=1.5779. 
200 g of Schiff base obtained from 1-amino-2-methylnaphthalene and methyl 
2-ketobutyrate, dissolved in 500 parts of tetrahydrofuran, and 15 parts of 
Adkins catalyst (powdered copper chromite) are introduced into a 
hydrogenation autoclave of 1 l capacity. Thereafter, the autoclave is 
heated to 150.degree. C. and hydrogen is forced in until a pressure of 200 
bar is reached. When the absorption of hydrogen is complete and a constant 
pressure has been attained (after about 9 hours), the mixture is cooled, 
the catalyst is filtered off under suction, and the filtrate is distilled 
under reduced pressure. 
169.3 g (84% of theory) of methyl 2-(2-methylnaphth-1-ylamino)-butyrate are 
obtained as a colorless oil of boiling point 147.degree. to 150.degree. 
C./0.25 mbar.

The preparation of the novel compounds of the formula I is illustrated by 
the Examples which follow: 
EXAMPLE 1 
##STR10## 
27.2 g (0.24 mole) of chloroacetyl chloride were added dropwise to a 
solution of 51.4 g (0.2 mole) of methyl 
2-(2-methylnaphth-1-ylamino)-butyrate in 250 ml of dry toluene at from 
+15.degree. to +30.degree. C. The mixture was stirred for a further 8 
hours at 80.degree. C., and the hydrogen chloride formed was expelled 
continuously from the reaction mixture in a gentle stream of nitrogen. The 
mixture was cooled to 20.degree. C., and was then stirred for half an hour 
with a solution of 35 g of sodium bicarbonate and 500 ml of water, and the 
organic phase was separated off, dried over Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, decolorized 
with charcoal, and evaporated down under reduced pressure. The resinous 
residue was dried for 4 hours at 50.degree. C. and under 0.2 mbar. 61.5 g 
(92.2% of theory) of analytically pure methyl 
2-(N-chloroacetyl-2-methylnaphth-1-ylamino)-butyrate were obtained as a 
pale brown resin (compound No. 1). 
IR spectrum (KBr): 3,045, 2,970, 2,940, 1,731, 1,665, 1,422, 1,345, 1,240, 
1,190, 1,166, 980, 813, 780 and 746 cm.sup.-1. 
EXAMPLE 2 
##STR11## 
12 g (0.036 mole) of methyl 
2-(N-chloroacetyl-2-methylnaphth-1-ylamino)-butyrate (Example 1) were 
dissolved in 60 ml of dry N,N-dimethylformamide, and the solution was 
stirred with 7.3 g (0.108 mole) of imidazole at 70.degree. C. for 10 
hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the 
residue was extracted by shaking with 150 ml of methylene chloride and 50 
ml of water. The organic layer was separated off, washed with twice 50 ml 
of water, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced 
pressure. 8 g (61.6% of theory) of methyl 
2-[N-(imidazol-1-ylacetyl)-2-methylnaphth-1-ylamino]-butyrate were 
obtained as a yellowish resin (compound No. 2). 
Calculated for C.sub.12 H.sub.23 N.sub.3 O.sub.3 : C: 69.04, H: 6.30, N: 
11.50, Found: C: 68.6, H: 6.1, N: 11.3. 
The compounds below were prepared in a corresponding manner. 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
##STR12## 
Physical constant or 
No. 
R IR spectrum [cm.sup.-1 ] KBr 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
3 CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 resin 
4 CH.sub.2Br oil 
3030, 2970, 2940, 1732, 
1650, 1416, 1358, 1200, 
1130, 1095, 813, 784, 742 
##STR13## resin 
6 
##STR14## resin 
7 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 oil 
3028, 1730, 1668, 1450, 
1382, 1288, 1190, 1123, 
995, 930, 814, 788, 748. 
8 CH.sub.2S CH.sub.3 oil 
3040, 1730, 1648, 1440, 
1362, 1212, 1185, 1102, 
980, 812, 980, 746. 
9 CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3 
oil 
n.sub.D.sup.25 = 1.5555 
10 CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.2 OCH.sub.3 
oil 
n.sub.D.sup.25 = 1.5475 
11 CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.2 OC.sub.4 H.sub.9n 
oil 
n.sub.D.sup.25 = 1.5324 
12 
##STR15## oil 
3060, 2975, 1743, 1671, 1395, 1371, 1240, 1200, 
175, 1067, 974, 821, 750 
13 CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Cl oil 
3050, 2970, 2940, 1732, 
1652, 1421, 1387, 1360, 
1250, 1190, 1168, 1000, 
915, 814, 790, 746. 
14 CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Cl 
oil 
3050, 2968, 2945, 1732, 
1650, 1435, 1385, 1327, 
1290, 1250, 1192, 1168, 
872, 814, 790, 747. 
15 CHCHCH.sub.3 resin 
3048, 3010, 2970, 2940, 
1732, 1655, 1620, 1432, 
1342, 1235, 1190, 958, 
900, 813, 790. 
16 Cyclopropyl resin 
3052, 3008, 2970, 2945, 
1746, 1658, 1410, 1280, 
1255, 1200, 1175, 955, 
815, 790, 750. 
17 Cyclohexyl resin 
18 CCH.sub.3 resin 
19 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 resin 
20 
##STR16## resin 
21 
##STR17## resin 
22 
##STR18## M.p. 
128-130.degree. C. 
23 
##STR19## resin 
3155, 3120, 3050, 2970, 2948, 1732, 1650, 1450, 
328, 1190, 1170, 982, 748. 
24 
##STR20## resin 
3158, 3100, 3048, 2970, 2945, 1740, 1650, 1512, 
505, 1460, 1320, 1200, 986, 916, 817, 790, 
750. 
25 
##STR21## oil 
26 
##STR22## oil 
27 
##STR23## oil 
28 
##STR24## resin 
29 
##STR25## resin 
30 
##STR26## oil 
31 
##STR27## resin 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
The novel active ingredients have a fungitoxic action on phytopathogenic 
fungi, especially from the Phycomycetes class. The compounds are therefore 
suitable for instance for combating Phytophthora infestans in tomatoes and 
potatoes, Phytophthora parasitica in strawberries, Phytophthora cactorum 
in apples, Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumbers, Pseudoperonospora 
humuli in hops, Peronosphora sparsa in roses, Peronosphora tabacina in 
tobacco, Plasmopara viticola in grapes, Plasmopara halstedii in 
sunflowers, Sclerospora macrospora in Indian corn, Bremia lactucae in 
lettuce, Mucor mucedo in fruit, Rhizopus nigricans in beets, Erysiphe 
graminis in cereals, Uncinula necator in grapes, Podosphaera leucotricha 
in apples, Sphaerotheca fuliginea in roses, and Erysiphe cichoriacearum in 
cucumbers. 
The fungicidal agents contain from 0.1 to 95, and preferably from 0.5 to 
90, wt.% of active ingredient. The application rates depend on the effect 
desired, and range from 0.1 to 5 kg of active ingredient per hectare. Some 
of the active ingredients have curative properties, i.e., the agents may 
be applied after the plants have been infected by the pathogen, and 
success is still ensured. 
Many of the novel compounds also have a systemic action, which means that 
visible plant parts can also be protected by a root treatment. 
The agents according to the invention may also be mixed and applied with 
other active ingredients, e.g., herbicides, insecticides, growth 
regulators, bactericides, fungicides and fertilizers. When mixed with 
other fungicides, the spectrum of fungicidal action is in many cases 
increased; with a number of these fungicidal compositions, synergistic 
effects also occur; i.e., the fungicidal action of the combination product 
is greater than the effect of the individual components added together. 
The spectrum of action is particularly favorably influenced when the 
compounds according to the invention are mixed with the following 
fungicides: 
manganese N,N-ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, manganese zinc 
N,N-ethylenediamine-bis-dithiocarbamate, the ammonia complex of zinc 
N,N-ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and 
N,N'-polyethylene-bis-(thiocarbamoyl)-disulfide, 
N-trichloromethylthiotetrahydrophthalimide, 
N-trichloromethylthio-phthalimide, 
5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole, 
2-methoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole, 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole, 
1,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, 
2,3-dichloro-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-5-carboxylic acid anilide, 
2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid anilide, 
2,4,5-trimethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid anilide, 2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic 
acid anilide, 2,5-dimethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide, 
N-cyclohexyl-N-methoxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid amide, 
5-methyl-5-vinyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine, and 
3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-methoxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione 
The following list of fungicidal active ingredients with which the 
compounds according to the invention may be combined is intended to 
illustrate and not to restrict the combination possibilities. Examples are 
as follows: 
dithiocarbamates and their derivatives, e.g. iron (III) 
dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc 
N,N-ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, zinc 
N,N-propylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, and the ammonia complex of zinc 
N,N-propylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and 
N,N'-polypropylene-bis-(thiocarbamoyl)-disulfide, nitroderivatives, e.g. 
dinitro-(1-methylheptyl)-phenyl crotonate, 2-sec.-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl, 
3,3-dimethylacrylate and 2-sec.-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl isopropyl 
carbonate; heterocyclic compounds, e.g. 2-heptadecyl-2-imidazoline 
acetate, 2,4-dichloro-6-(o-chloroanilino)-s-triazine, 
O,O-diethylphthalimidophosphonothioate, 
5-amino-1-(bis-(dimethylamino)-phosphinyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole, 
2,3-dicyano-1,4-dithioanthraquinone, 
2-thio-1,3-dithio-(4,5-b)-quinoxaline, methyl 
1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole-carbamate, 
4-(2-chlorophenylhydrazono)-3-methyl-5-isoxazolone, 
pyridine-2-thio-1-oxide, 8-hydroxyquinoline and its copper salts, 
2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiine-4,4-dioxide, 
2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiine, 
2-fur-2-yl-benzimidazole, 
piperazine-1,4-diyl-bis-(1-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-formamide), 
2-thiazol-4-yl-benzimidazole, 
5-butyl-2-dimethylamino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine, 
bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridinemethanol, 
1,2-bis-(3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)-benzene, 
1,2-bis-(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)-benzene and various fungicides, 
e.g. dodecylguanidine acetate, 
3-(2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-glutarimide, 
hexachlorobenzene, 
N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenyl-sulfuric acid diamide, 
2,5-dimethyl-furan-3-carboxylic acid anilide, 2-methyl-benzoic acid 
anilide, 2-iodo-benzoic acid anilide, 
1-(3,4-dichloroanilino)-1-formylamino-2,2,2-trichloroethane, 
2,6-dimethyl-N-tridecylmorpholine and its salts, 
2,6-dimethyl-N-cyclododecyl-morpholine and its salts, 
alpha-(2-chloro-phenyl-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-pyrimidine-methanol, 
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone and 
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanol. 
The novel active ingredients may be applied for instance in the form of 
directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions (including 
high-percentage aqueous, oily or other suspensions), dispersions, 
emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, broadcasting agents, or 
granules by spraying, atomizing, dusting, broadcasting or watering. The 
forms of application depend entirely on the purpose for which the agents 
are being used, but they must ensure as fine a distribution of the active 
ingredient as possible. 
For the preparation of solutions, emulsions, pastes and oil dispersions to 
be sprayed direct, mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, 
suh as kerosene or diesel oil, further coal-tar oils, and oils of 
vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons 
such as benzene, toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, 
alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives such as methanol, ethanol, 
propanol, butanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexanol, 
cyclohexanone, chlorobenzene, isophorone, etc., and strongly polar 
solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 
N-methylpyrrolidone, water, etc. are suitable. 
Aqueous formulations may be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes, 
oil dispersions or wettable powders by adding water. To prepare emulsions, 
pastes and oil dispersions the ingredients as such or dissolved in an oil 
or solvent may be homogenized in water by means of wetting or dispersing 
agents, adherents or emulsifiers. Concentrates which are suitable for 
dilution with water may be prepared from active ingredient, wetting agent, 
adherent, emulsifying or dispersing agent and possibly solvent or oil. 
Examples of surfactants are: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and 
ammonium salts of ligninsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acids, 
phenolsulfonic acids, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and alkyl 
sulfonates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of 
dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, lauryl ether sulfate, fatty alcohol 
sulfates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acids, 
salts of sulfated hexadecanols, heptadecanols, and octadecanols, salts of 
sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated 
naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation 
products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and 
formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers, ethoxylated 
isooctylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol and ethoxylated nonylphenol, 
alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl 
polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide 
condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, 
ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, 
sorbitol esters, lignin, sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose. 
Powders, dusts and broadcasting agents may be prepared by mixing or 
grinding the active ingredients with a solid carrier. 
Granules, e.g., coated, impregnated or homogeneous granules, may be 
prepared by bonding the active ingredients to solid carriers. Examples of 
solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicic acid, silica gels, 
silicates, talc, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, 
calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, 
fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium 
nitrate, and ureas, and vegetable products such as grain flours, bark 
meal, wood meal, and nutshell meal, cellulosic powders, etc. 
For the experiments described below, the following prior art compounds were 
used for comparison purposes: 
N-trichloromethylthiophthalimide (compound A) 
zinc-ethylene-1,2-bis-dithiocarbamate (compound B). 
EXPERIMENT 1 
Action on Plasmopara viticola 
Leaves of potted vines of the Muller-Thurgau variety were sprayed with 
aqueous liquors containing (dry basis) 80% (wt%) of active ingredient. To 
assess the duration of action, the plants were set up, after the 
sprayed-on layer had dried, for 10 days in the greenhouse. Then the leaves 
were infected with a zoospore suspension of Plasmopara viticola. The 
plants were first placed for 16 hours in a steam-saturated (moist) chamber 
at 24.degree. C., and then in a greenhouse for 8 days at from 20.degree. 
to 30.degree. C. To accelerate and intensify the sporangiophore discharge, 
the plants were then again placed in the moist chamber for 16 hours. The 
extent of fungus attack was then assessed on the undersides of the leaves. 
For example active ingredients 9 and 10, when applied as 0.025% liquors, 
had a better fungicidal action (e.g., 100%) than prior art comparative 
agent A (e.g., 90%). 
EXPERIMENT 2 
Action on Phytophthora infestans in tomatoes 
Leaves of potted tomatoes of the "Gro.beta.e Fleischtomate" variety were 
sprayed with aqueous liquors containing (dry basis) 80% of active 
ingredient and 20% of emulsifier. After the sprayed-on layer had dried, 
the leaves were infected with a zoospore suspension of Phytophthora 
infestans. The plants were then placed for 5 days in a steam-saturated 
chamber kept at 16.degree. to 18.degree. C. After this period, the disease 
had spread on the untreated control plants to such an extent that the 
fungicidal action of the compounds was able to be assessed. 
For example active ingredients 1, 7, 9, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23 and 24, when 
applied as 0.025% liquors, had a better fungicidal action (e.g., 100%) 
than prior art comparative compound B (e.g., 80%). 
Examples of formulations are given below: 
I. 90 parts by weight of compound 1 is mixed with 10 parts by weight of 
N-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidone. A mixture is obtained which is suitable for 
application in the form of very fine drops. 
II. 20 parts by weight of compound 7 is dissolved in a mixture consisting 
of 80 parts by weight of xylene, 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 8 to 
10 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of oleic acid-N-monoethanolamide, 5 
parts by weight of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and 5 
parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of 
castor oil. By pouring the solution into water and uniformly distributing 
it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained. 
III. 20 parts by weight of compound 7 is dissolved in a mixture consisting 
of 40 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 30 parts by weight of isobutanol, 
20 parts by weight of the adduct of 7 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole 
of isooctylphenol, and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of 
ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 
water and finely distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is 
obtained. 
IV. 20 parts by weight of compound 9 is dissolved in a mixture consisting 
of 25 parts by weight of cyclohexanol, 65 parts by weight of a mineral oil 
fraction having a boiling point between 210.degree. and 280.degree. C., 
and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 
mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into water and uniformly 
distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained. 
V. 80 parts by weight of compound 10 is well mixed with 3 parts by weight 
of the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalene-alpha-sulfonic acid, 10 parts 
by weight of the sodium salt of a lignin-sulfonic acid obtained from a 
sulfite waste liquor, and 7 parts by weight of powdered silica gel, and 
triturated in a hammer mill. By uniformly distributing the mixture in 
water, a spray liquor is obtained. 
VI. 3 parts by weight of compound 13 is intimately mixed with 97 parts by 
weight of particulate kaolin. A dust is obtained containing 3% by weight 
of the active ingredient. 
VII. 30 parts by weight of compound 23 is intimately mixed with a mixture 
consisting of 92 parts by weight of powdered silica gel and 8 parts by 
weight of paraffin oil which has been sprayed onto the surface of this 
silica gel. A formulation of the active ingredient is obtained having good 
adherence. 
VIII. 40 parts by weight of compound 24 is intimately mixed with 10 parts 
of the sodium salt of a phenolsulfonic acid-urea-formaldehyde condensate, 
2 parts of silica gel and 48 parts of water to give a stable aqueous 
dispersion. Dilution in water gives an aqueous dispersion. 
IX. 20 parts of compound 16 is intimately mixed with 2 parts of the calcium 
salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 8 parts of a fatty alcohol polyglycol 
ether, 2 parts of the sodium salt of a phenolsulfonic 
acid-urea-formaldehyde condensate and 68 parts of a paraffinic mineral 
oil. A stable oily dispersion is obtained.