Espresso coffee machine

An espresso coffee machine wherein a conveyor disk, having a number of seats, each for receiving a respective wafer, is rotated in steps about an axis to successively feed the seats through a loading station for loading the wafers, an unloading station for unloading the used wafers, and a work station where each seat is interposed between a hot-water boiler and an outlet element for a coffee beverage, and is engaged by the boiler by virtue of pressurized cold water supplied to the boiler.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an espresso coffee machine. 
More specifically, the present invention relates to an espresso coffee 
machine loaded with ground coffee wafers. 
Espresso coffee machines of this type normally pose two problems, the first 
of which involves unloading of the used wafers from the machine, and the 
second the adaptability of the machine, not only to the size of the 
wafers, which invariably differs slightly from one wafer to another, but 
also to wafers of different coffee dosages. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an espresso coffee 
machine designed to solve the above two problems in a straightforward, 
low-cost manner. 
According to the present invention, there is provided an espresso coffee 
machine comprising a work station; a boiler located at the work station 
and having outlet means for a stream of hot water; an outlet conduit for a 
coffee beverage; a seat for at least one wafer of ground coffee, the seat 
being interposed between said outlet means and the outlet conduit; supply 
means for supplying pressurized water to the boiler; and connecting means 
for connecting in fluidtight manner said outlet means and a said wafer 
located, in use, in said seat at said work station; characterized by also 
comprising a loading station and an unloading station for the wafers, the 
loading and unloading stations being separate from the work station and 
being located on the opposite side to the work station; a conveyor disk 
having a number of said seats; and actuating means for rotating the 
conveyor disk in steps about an axis to successively feed the seats 
through said loading, work and unloading stations, each seat being 
interposed, at the work station, between said outlet means and the outlet 
conduit; and said connecting means being hydraulic connecting means 
connected to an outlet of said supply means, parallel to said boiler.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
Number 1 in the accompanying drawings indicates an espresso coffee machine 
comprising an outer casing 2 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) having a loading window 3 
controlled by a door 4, which is slidable counterclockwise in FIGS. 2A and 
2B between an open position and a closed position respectively opening and 
closing window 3; and a conveyor unit 5 housed inside casing 2 and for 
successively feeding wafers 6 of ground coffee along a given path P 
extending about a substantially vertical axis 7. 
As shown more clearly in FIG. 2A and 2B, unit 5 comprises a revolving disk 
8 fitted to a shaft 9 coaxial with axis 7 to rotate in steps, 
anticlockwise in FIGS. 2A and 2B, about axis 7, and having a number of 
through holes 10, each having an edge defining a seat 11 for supporting 
the peripheral flange of a respective wafer 6 of ground coffee. 
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, path P extends through three stations, of 
which the first, indicated 13, is located at window 3 and is a loading 
station where each seat 11 receives a respective wafer 6 placed manually 
in seat 11; the second, indicated 14, is located one step downstream from 
station 13 in the traveling direction 15 of seats 11, and is a work 
station where a stream of hot water is fed through each wafer 6 to produce 
a coffee beverage, which is fed out of casing 2 and into a container or 
cup 16 through a funnel-shaped spout 17 beneath disk 8; and the third, 
indicated 18, is located between stations 14 and 13 in direction 15, and 
is an unloading station where the by now exhausted wafer 6 is unloaded 
through respective seat 11 into a removable collecting bin 19 beneath disk 
8. 
Disk 8 is associated with an actuating device 20 for rotating disk 8 in 
steps about axis 7; and with a lock device 21 for arresting disk 8 in a 
given angular position at the end of each step. 
As shown schematically in FIGS. 2A and 2B and 3, actuating device 20 
comprises a lever 22 connected to shaft 9 by a free-wheel device 23, which 
is so formed that lever 22 and shaft 9 are only angularly integral with 
each other as lever 22 rotates anticlockwise in FIGS. 2A and 2B. 
As shown more clearly in FIG. 3, device 20 also comprises a hollow body 24 
fitted integrally to the free end of lever 22 and extending from lever 22 
in the opposite direction to direction 15; and a slide 25 housed inside 
body 24 so as to slide in opposition to a spring 26. Slide 25 is connected 
to door 4, and is movable with door 4 in direction 15 and in opposition to 
spring 26 so that, when door 4 is moved from the open to the closed 
position, lever 22 is moved in direction 15, disk 8 is therefore moved one 
step forward in direction 15, and slide 25 subsequently slides along body 
24 into a limit stop position. 
Lock device 21 comprises a number of cavities 27 equal in number to holes 
10 and spaced along the periphery of disk 8 by a distance equal to the 
traveling step of seats 11; and a spring bolt 28 located in a fixed 
position facing disk 8 and for selectively engaging cavities 27 to arrest 
disk 8 at the end of each step. 
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, casing 2 is provided inside with two pins 29 
parallel to axis 7 and connected in sliding manner to the opposite ends of 
a crosspiece 30 located over disk 8 and crosswise to axis 7. Crosspiece 30 
is movable, in opposition to springs 31 and by a rod 32 of a piston 33 
sliding inside a hydraulic cylinder or actuator 34 with its axis parallel 
to axis 7, from a raised idle position (FIG. 1A) to a lowered operating 
position (FIG. 1B). 
Crosspiece 30 is fitted integrally with a dry boiler 35 located at work 
station 14 and comprising an inner heating coil 36, which communicates at 
one end with a water supply conduit 37, and at the other end with a 
discharge sprinkler 38 located over spout 17. 
Crosspiece 30 is also fitted integrally with an ejecting device 39 
comprising a pusher 40, which extends downwards from crosspiece 30 and 
parallel to axis 7 at unloading station 18, and is of such a length as to 
be positioned over disk 8 when crosspiece 30 is in the idle position, and 
to extend through hole 10 when crosspiece 30 is in the operating position. 
Conduit 37 forms the outlet conduit of a hydraulic circuit 41 comprising a 
tank 42 for a given quantity of water 43, and an electromagnetic pump 44, 
an inlet of which is connected to tank 42 by a draw tube 45, and an outlet 
of which is connected to an inlet of a three-way mechanical valve 46. Of 
these three ways, the first, indicated 47, is always open and communicates 
permanently with an upper chamber 48 of cylinder 34; the second, indicated 
49, connects the outlet of pump 44 to the inlet of a calibrated nonreturn 
valve 50; and the third, indicated 51, connects the outlet of pump 44 and 
chamber 48 to a return conduit 52 leading back to tank 42. 
Valve 50 forms an inlet section of an electromagnetic valve 53, which, 
together with pump 44 and boiler 35, is controlled by a switch 54, and 
comprises a first outlet communicating with an inlet of conduit 37, and a 
second outlet communicating with an external discharge conduit 55. 
Valve 46 is switched by a switching device 56 comprising a cam 57 fitted to 
slide 25; and a tappet rod 58 located along the path of cam 57, 
immediately upstream from station 14. Rod 58 is connected to a slide (not 
shown) of valve 46, and cooperates with cam 57 so that the movement of cam 
57 along body 24 in opposition to spring 26 and towards its limit stop 
position opens the second way 49 of valve 46. 
Operation of machine 1 will now be described as of the instant in which a 
seat 11 is located at loading station 13; door 4 is open; switch 54 is 
open so that pump 44 is deactivated and conduit 37 communicates with 
discharge conduit 55; rod 58 is disengaged by cam 57 and set to the 
lowered idle position, which corresponds to a configuration of valve 46 
wherein the outlet of pump 44 and chamber 48 of cylinder 34 communicate 
with tank 42 via way 51; and piston 33 is set to the raised position. 
With the machine in the above configuration, the operator loads a fresh 
wafer 6 through window 3 and into seat 11 at loading station 13 to close 
respective hole 10, and then closes door 4 to close window 3. As a result, 
lever 22 rotates, anticlockwise in FIG. 2, about axis 7, so that disk 8 
rotates, in direction 15, from a position wherein bolt 28 engages one 
cavity 27, to a position wherein bolt 28 engages the next cavity 27, thus 
locking disk 8 in such an angular position that the fresh wafer 6 is fed 
one step forward and located between sprinkler 38 of boiler 35 and spout 
17 at work station 14; an exhausted wafer 6 is fed one step forward into 
unloading station 18 and beneath pusher 40; and a vacant seat 11 is fed 
one step forward into loading station 13. Once disk 8 and lever 22 are 
locked by bolt 28 in the position described above, door 4 closes further 
to move slide 25 along hollow body 24 in opposition to spring 26, so that 
rod 58 is raised, and maintained raised, by cam 57 to close way 51 and 
open way 49 of valve 46. When switch 54 is then closed by the operator, 
pump 44 and boiler 35 are activated, and valve 53 moves into the position 
connecting the outlet of valve 50 to conduit 37. 
At this point, the water from pump 44 is arrested by valve 50 and flows 
through way 47 into chamber 48 of cylinder 34; and piston 33 and 
crosspiece 30 are moved downwards in opposition to springs 31, so that 
boiler 35 is lowered to connect sprinkler 38 in fluidtight manner to the 
fresh wafer 6, and pusher 40 is lowered to extrude the exhausted wafer 6 
through respective hole 10 and into the underlying bin 19. 
When the downward movement of piston 33 is arrested by sprinkler 38 
contacting wafer 6, the pressure upstream from valve 50 increases so as to 
successively open valve 50, supply cold water to boiler 35, heat the 
water, feed the hot water through wafer 6, and feed the coffee beverage 
out through spout 17. 
Once the coffee beverage has been dispensed, the operator again operates 
switch 54 to deactivate pump 44 and boiler 35 and connect conduit 37 to 
discharge conduit 55 to externally discharge any water and steam remaining 
inside coil 36. 
When door 4 is subsequently opened to load another fresh wafer 6, rod 58 is 
disengaged by cam 57 so as to close way 49 and open way 51 of valve 46. As 
a result of the above movement of valve 46, the cold water inside chamber 
48 is fed back into tank 42, and piston 33 moves back up, together with 
crosspiece 30, pusher 40 and boiler 35, to disengage disk 8 and enable 
preparation of another coffee beverage. 
Several points should be stressed in connection with the above. Firstly, 
cylinder 34 is supplied with cold water, which therefore need not be 
drained off, but may be fed back into tank 42 and used again. This 
characteristic provides for using even a relatively long cylinder 34, and 
for achieving excellent sealing, as a function of the setting of valve 50, 
between sprinkler 38 and wafer 6, regardless of the thickness of wafer 6, 
which may comprise one or two doses. 
Moreover, the adoption of disk 8 provides for separating stations 13, 14 
and 18, and for automatically unloading the exhausted wafers so that 
loading station 13 is supplied with only vacant seats 11. 
Finally, by virtue of boiler 35 adapting automatically to wafers 6 of 
different thicknesses, both single- and two-dose wafers may, as stated, be 
used indifferently. For example, according to a variation not shown, disk 
8 may comprise two sets of three alternating holes 10, a first set 
suitable for single-dose wafers 6, and a second set for two-dose wafers 6.