INPUT SENSING DEVICE, DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING THE SAME AND INPUT SENSING METHOD

An input sensing device includes a sensor that includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, and a sensor driver that operates in a first sensing mode and a second sensing mode. During the first sensing mode, the sensor driver generates a first sensing signal by transmitting transmission signals to the sensor and receiving reception signals from the sensor. During the second sensing mode, the sensor driver generates a second sensing signal by transmitting the transmission signals to the sensor and receiving the reception signals from the sensor. The sensor driver selects one of a plurality of compensation maps based on the first sensing signal, compensates for the second sensing signal based on the selected compensation map, and outputs the compensated sensing signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0128863, filed on Oct. 7, 2022 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and No. 10-2022-0174845, filed on Dec. 14, 2022 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the contents of both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present disclosure described herein are directed to a display device, and more particularly, to a display device that includes an input sensing device.

DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART

A display device that displays an image, such as a television, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a navigation device, a game console, etc., may operate in response to a user input. In addition to a general input method such as a button, a keyboard, a mouse, etc., a display device may use a touch-based input method that allows a user to enter information or commands easily and intuitively.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an input sensing device that more accurately detects a user input, and a display device that includes the same.

According to an embodiment, an input sensing device includes a sensor that includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, and a sensor driver that operates in a first sensing mode and a second sensing mode. During the first sensing mode, the sensor driver generates a first sensing signal by transmitting transmission signals to the sensor and receiving reception signals from the sensor. During the second sensing mode, the sensor driver generates a second sensing signal by transmitting the transmission signals to the sensor and receiving the reception signals from the sensor. The sensor driver selects one of a plurality of compensation maps based on the first sensing signal, compensates the second sensing signal based on the selected compensation map, and outputs a compensated sensing signal.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver may generate the first sensing signal during a first sensing period of a first sensing frame, and may generate the second sensing signal during a second sensing period of the first sensing frame.

In an embodiment, during a first output frame, the sensor driver may output a coordinate signal that corresponds to the compensated second sensing signal. The second output frame may temporally overlap a second sensing frame. The second sensing frame may be continuous with the first sensing frame.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver may include a compensator that selects one of the plurality of compensation maps based on the first sensing signal and outputs the compensated sensing signal based on the selected compensation map.

In an embodiment, the plurality of compensation maps may include a plurality of first compensation maps and a plurality of second compensation maps. The compensator may select one of the plurality of first compensation maps that corresponds to the first sensing signal, may compensate the second sensing signal based on one of the plurality of second compensation maps that corresponds to the selected first compensation map, and may output the compensated sensing signal.

In an embodiment, each of the first compensation maps may store a representative value of a sensing signal according to an ambient temperature. The ambient temperature for each of the first compensation maps may differ from each other.

In an embodiment, the compensator may calculate a representative value of the first sensing signal, and may select one of the plurality of first compensation maps whose representative value is most similar to the representative value of the first sensing signal.

In an embodiment, plurality of the first compensation maps and the plurality of second compensation maps may have a one-to-one correspondence.

In an embodiment, during the first sensing mode, the sensor driver may transmit first transmission signals to the plurality of first electrodes, may transmit second transmission signals to the plurality of second electrodes, may receive a first reception signal from the plurality of first electrodes, may receive a second reception signal from the plurality of second electrodes, and may generate the first sensing signal based on the first transmission signal, the second transmission signal, the first reception signal, and the second reception signal.

In an embodiment, during the second sensing mode, the sensor driver may transmit the transmission signal to the plurality of first electrodes, may receive the reception signal from the plurality of second electrodes, and may generate the second sensing signal based on the reception signal.

In an embodiment, the sensor may include a sensing area and a peripheral area adjacent to the sensing area. The plurality of first electrodes may be arranged in the sensing area in a first direction. The plurality of second electrodes may be arranged in the sensing area in a second direction that crosses the first direction.

In an embodiment, the input sensing device may further include a plurality of first trace lines electrically connected to the plurality of first electrodes, respectively, and a plurality of second trace lines electrically connected to the plurality of second electrodes, respectively. The first trace lines and the second trace lines may overlap the sensing area.

In an embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes may be connected to the plurality of first trace lines through a plurality of first contacts, respectively. The plurality of second electrodes may be connected to the plurality of second trace lines through a plurality of second contacts, respectively. The plurality of second contacts may overlap the plurality of second electrodes, respectively.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver may further include a lookup table that compensates for a sensing signal received from the plurality of second electrodes. The sensor driver may compensate for the second sensing signal based on the selected compensation map, may perform a ghost compensation with reference to the lookup table, and may output the compensated sensing signal.

According to an embodiment, a display device includes a display panel, a sensor disposed on the display panel and that includes a sensing area and a peripheral area adjacent to the sensing area, and a sensor driver that drives the sensor. During a first sensing mode, the sensor driver generates a first sensing signal by transmitting transmission signals to the sensor and receiving reception signals from the sensor. During a second sensing mode, the sensor driver generates a second sensing signal by transmitting the transmission signals to the sensor and receiving the reception signals from the sensor. The sensor driver selects one of a plurality of compensation maps based on the first sensing signal, compensates the second sensing signal based on the selected compensation map, and outputs a compensated sensing signal.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver may generate the first sensing signal during a first sensing period of a first sensing frame, and may generate the second sensing signal during a second sensing period of the first sensing frame.

In an embodiment, the plurality of compensation maps may include a plurality of first compensation maps and a plurality of second compensation maps. The sensor driver may select one of the plurality of the first compensation maps that corresponds to the first sensing signal, may compensate the second sensing signal based on one of the plurality of second compensation maps that corresponds to the selected first compensation map, and may output the compensated sensing signal.

In an embodiment, each of the first compensation maps may store a representative value of a sensing signal according to an ambient temperature. The ambient temperature for each of the first compensation maps may differ from each other.

In an embodiment, the compensator may calculate a representative value of the first sensing signal, and may select one of the plurality of the first compensation maps whose representative value is most similar to the representative value of the first sensing signal

In an embodiment, the sensor may include a plurality of first electrodes disposed in the sensing area and arranged in a first direction, a plurality of second electrodes disposed in the sensing area and arranged in a second direction that crosses the first direction, a plurality of first trace lines that connect the plurality of first electrodes to the sensor driver, and a plurality of second trace lines that connect the plurality of second electrodes to the sensor driver.

In an embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes may be connected to the plurality of first trace lines through a plurality of first contacts, respectively. The plurality of second electrodes may be connected to the plurality of second trace lines through a plurality of second contacts, respectively. The plurality of second contacts may overlap the plurality of second electrodes, respectively.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver may further include a lookup table that compensates a sensing signal received from the plurality of second electrodes. The sensor driver may compensate the second sensing signal based on the selected compensation map, may perform a ghost compensation with reference to the lookup table, and may output the compensated sensing signal.

According to an embodiment, an input sensing method includes receiving a first sensing signal from a sensor by operating a first sensing mode, selecting a compensation map that corresponds to the first sensing signal from a plurality of compensation maps, receiving a second sensing signal from the sensor by operating a second sensing mode, compensating the second sensing signal based on the compensation map and outputting a compensated sensing signal, and outputting a coordinate signal that corresponds to the compensated sensing signal.

In an embodiment, the plurality of compensation maps includes a plurality of first compensation maps and a plurality of second compensation maps. Selecting the compensation map that corresponds to the first sensing signal from the plurality of compensation maps may include selecting one of the plurality of first compensation maps that corresponds to the first sensing signal, and selecting one of the plurality of the second compensation maps that corresponds to the selected first compensation map as the compensation map.

In an embodiment, each of the first compensation maps may store a representative value of a sensing signal according to an ambient temperature, where the ambient temperature for each of the first compensation maps may differ from each other. Selecting the compensation map that corresponds to the first sensing signal from the plurality of compensation maps may include calculating a representative value of the first sensing signal and selecting one of the plurality of the first compensation maps whose representative value is most similar to the representative value of the first sensing signal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the specification, the expression that a first component (or region, layer, part, etc.) is “on”, “connected with”, or “coupled with” a second component means that the first component is directly on, connected with, or coupled with the second component or means that a third component is interposed therebetween.

Like reference numerals may refer to like components.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to accompanying drawings.

FIG.1is a plan view of a display device1000, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG.1, in an embodiment, a display device1000can be activated by an electrical signal. The display device1000can be incorporated into electronic devices that display images, such as mobile phones, tablets, smart watches, laptops, computers, smart televisions, and navigation devices.FIG.1illustrates a mobile phone as an example.

The display device1000displays an image IM on a display surface IS parallel to each of a first direction DR1and a second direction DR2. The display surface IS on which the image IM is displayed corresponds to a front surface of the display device1000. The image IM may include a still image as well as a moving image. A normal direction of the display surface IS, such as a thicknesses direction of the display device1000, corresponds to a third direction DR3. A front surface (or an upper surface) and a back surface (or a lower surface) of each layer or unit described below are determined with reference to the third direction DR3.

The display surface IS of the display device1000is divided into a display area DA and a non-display area NDA. The display area DA is where the image IM is displayed. A user perceives (or views) the image IM through the display area DA. In an embodiment, the display area DA is illustrated in the shape of a rectangle with rounded vertexes. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. The display area DA may have various shapes in other embodiments.

The non-display area NDA is adjacent to the display area DA. The non-display area NDA has a given color. The non-display area NDA surrounds the display area DA. Accordingly, a shape of the display area DA is substantially defined by the non-display area NDA. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In other embodiments, the non-display area NDA is adjacent to only one side of the display area DA or is omitted.

FIG.2is a block diagram of the display device1000, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG.2, in an embodiment, the display device1000includes a display layer100, a sensor200, a display driver100C, a sensor driver200C, a main driver1000C, and a power supply circuit1000P.

The sensor200is disposed on the display layer100. The sensor200can detect an external applied input. The sensor200may be an integral sensor that is continuously formed during a manufacturing process of the display layer100or may be an external sensor attached to the display layer100.

The main driver1000C controls overall operations of the display device1000. For example, the main driver1000C controls operations of the display driver100C and the sensor driver200C. The main controller1000C includes at least one microprocessor, and the main controller1000C may be referred to as a “host”. The main driver1000C may further include a graphic controller.

The display driver100C drives the display layer100. The display driver100C receives image data and a control signal from the main driver1000C. The control signal includes various signals. For example, the control signal includes an input vertical synchronization signal, an input horizontal synchronization signal, a main clock, and a data enable signal.

In an embodiment, the input sensing device includes the sensor200and the sensor driver200C. The sensor driver200C drives the sensor200. The sensor driver200C receives a control signal from the main driver1000C. The control signal includes a clock signal of the sensor driver200C.

The power supply circuit1000P includes a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). The power supply circuit1000P generates a plurality of driving voltages that drive the display layer100, the sensor200, the display driver100C, and the sensor driver200C. For example, the plurality of driving voltages includes a gate high voltage, a gate low voltage, an ELVSS voltage, an ELVDD voltage, an initialization voltage, etc., but are not necessarily limited thereto.

The electronic device1000detects externally applied inputs. For example, the display device1000can detect a passive input by a touch2000. The touch2000encompasses all input means that can change a capacitance, such as a user's body or a passive pen.

FIG.3is a cross-sectional view of the display device1000, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG.3, in an embodiment, the display device1000includes the display layer100, the sensor200, and an anti-reflection layer300. The display layer100includes a base layer110, a barrier layer120, a buffer layer BFL, a circuit layer130, an element layer140, and an encapsulation layer150.

The base layer110may have a single layer or multi-layer structure. For example, the base layer110includes first to third sub-base layers111,112, and113. Each of the first sub-base layer111and the third sub-base layer113includes at least one of a polyimide-based resin, an acrylate-based resin, a methacrylate-based resin, a polyisoprene-based resin, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, a siloxane-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, or a perylene-based resin. Note that the phrase “—”-based resin in the specification means including the functional group of “—”. For example, each of the first sub-base layer111and the third sub-base layer113includes polyimide.

The second sub-base layer112may have a single layer or multi-layer structure. For example, the second sub-base layer112includes an inorganic material, and includes at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or amorphous silicon. For example, the second sub-base layer112includes silicon oxynitride and silicon oxide stacked thereon.

The barrier layer120is disposed on the base layer110. The barrier layer120may have a single layer or multi-layer structure. For example, the barrier layer120includes at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or amorphous silicon.

The barrier layer120further includes a first lower light-shielding layer BML1. For example, when the barrier layer120has a multi-layer structure, the first lower light-shielding layer BML1is interposed between that layers that constitute the barrier layer120. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and in other embodiments, the first lower light-shielding layer BML1is interposed between the base layer110and the barrier layer120or is disposed on the barrier layer120. In an embodiment, the first lower light-shielding layer BML1is omitted. The first lower light-shielding layer BML1may be referred to as a “first lower layer”, a “first lower metal layer”, a “first lower electrode layer”, a “first lower shielding layer”, a “first light-shielding layer”, a “first metal layer”, a “first shielding layer”, or a “first overlapping layer”.

The buffer layer BFL is disposed on the barrier layer120. The buffer layer BFL prevents metal atoms or impurities from diffusing into a first semiconductor pattern. In addition, the buffer layer BFL adjusts a rate of heating during a crystallization process that forms the first semiconductor pattern, such that the first semiconductor pattern is uniformly formed.

The buffer layer BFL includes a plurality of inorganic layers. For example, the buffer layer BFL includes a first sub buffer layer that includes silicon nitride, and a second sub buffer layer that is disposed on the first sub buffer layer and includes silicon oxide.

The circuit layer130is disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The element layer140is disposed on the circuit layer130and includes a light emitting element ED. The light emitting element ED is part of a pixel PX that includes a pixel circuit PDC electrically connected to the light emitting element ED.

FIG.3shows a silicon thin film transistor S-TFT and an oxide thin film transistor O-TFT of the pixel circuit PDC. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and in other embodiment, all of the transistors that constitute the pixel circuit PDC are silicon thin film transistors S-TFT or are oxide thin film transistors O-TFT.

A first semiconductor pattern is disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The first semiconductor pattern includes a silicon semiconductor. For example, the silicon semiconductor includes amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon. For example, the first semiconductor pattern includes low-temperature polysilicon.

FIG.3illustrates only a portion of the first semiconductor pattern disposed on the buffer layer BFL. Another portion of the first semiconductor pattern is further disposed in another area. The first semiconductor pattern is arranged across the pixels according to a specific rule. The first semiconductor pattern has electrical characteristics that differ depending on whether the first semiconductor pattern is doped. The first semiconductor pattern includes a first area that has high conductivity and a second area that has low conductivity. The first area is doped with one of an N-type dopant or a P-type dopant. A P-type transistor is an area doped with the P-type dopant, and an N-type transistor is an area doped with the N-type dopant. The second area is an undoped area or an area doped with a lower concentration lower than the first area.

The conductivity of the first area is greater than the conductivity of the second area. The first area serves as an electrode or a signal line. The second area corresponds to an active area (or a channel) of a transistor. For example, a part of the semiconductor pattern is an active area of the transistor. Another part thereof is a source or drain of the transistor. Another part thereof is a connection electrode or a connection signal line.

A source area SE1, an active area AC1, and a drain area DE1of the silicon thin film transistor S-TFT are formed from the first semiconductor pattern. The source area SE1and the drain area DE1extend in opposite directions from the active area AC1, when viewed in a cross-sectional view.

A portion of a connection signal line CSL formed from the first semiconductor pattern is illustrated inFIG.3.

The circuit layer130includes a plurality of inorganic layers and a plurality of organic layers. In an embodiment, first to fifth insulating layers10,20,30,40, and50that are sequentially stacked on the buffer layer BFL are inorganic layers, and sixth to eighth insulating layers60,70, and80are organic layers.

The first insulating layer10is disposed on the buffer layer BFL. The first insulating layer10covers the first semiconductor pattern. The first insulating layer10may be an inorganic layer and/or an organic layer, and may have a single layer or multi-layer structure. The first insulating layer10includes at least one of an aluminum oxide, a titanium oxide, a silicon oxide, silicon nitride, a silicon oxynitride, a zirconium oxide, or a hafnium oxide. In an embodiment, the first insulating layer10is a single silicon oxide layer. In addition to the first insulating layer10, an insulating layer of the circuit layer130to be described below may also have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

A gate electrode GT1of the silicon thin film transistor S-TFT is disposed on the first insulating layer10. The gate electrode GT1is a portion of a metal pattern. The gate electrode GT1overlaps the active area AC1. The gate electrode GT1functions as a mask in a process of doping the first semiconductor pattern. The gate electrode GT1includes at least one of titanium, silver, an alloy that contains silver, molybdenum, an alloy that contains molybdenum, aluminum, an alloy that contains aluminum, aluminum nitride, tungsten, tungsten nitride, copper, indium tin oxide, or indium zinc oxide, but embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto.

The second insulating layer20is disposed on the first insulating layer10and covers the gate electrode GT1. The second insulating layer20is an inorganic layer, and may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The second insulating layer20includes at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. In an embodiment, the second insulating layer20has a single layer structure that includes a silicon nitride layer.

A third insulating layer30is disposed on the second insulating layer20. The third insulating layer30is an inorganic layer, and may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the third insulating layer30has a multi-layer structure that includes a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. A first electrode Csta of a capacitor is interposed between the second insulating layer20and the third insulating layer30. In addition, a second electrode of the capacitor is interposed between the first insulating layer10and the second insulating layer20. In an embodiment, the second electrode of the capacitor is the gate electrode GT1.

A second semiconductor pattern is disposed on the third insulating layer30. The second semiconductor pattern includes an oxide semiconductor. The oxide semiconductor includes a plurality of areas that are distinguished from each other depending on whether the metal oxide is reduced. An area, hereinafter referred to as a “reduction area”, in which the metal oxide is reduced has a higher conductivity than an area, hereinafter referred to as a “non-reduction area”, in which the metal oxide is not reduced. The reduction area serves as a source area/drain area of a transistor or a signal line. The non-reduction area corresponds to an active area or a channel of the transistor. For example, a part of the second semiconductor pattern is the active area of the transistor; another part thereof may be the source/drain area of the transistor; and the other part thereof is a signal transmission area.

A source area SE2, an active area AC2, and a drain area DE2of the oxide thin film transistor O-TFT are formed from the second semiconductor pattern. The source area SE2and the drain area DE2extend in opposite directions from the active area AC2, when viewed in a cross-sectional view.

The fourth insulating layer40is disposed on the third insulating layer30. The fourth insulating layer40covers the second semiconductor pattern. The fourth insulating layer40is an inorganic layer, and may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The fourth insulating layer40includes at least one of an aluminum oxide, a titanium oxide, a silicon oxide, a silicon nitride, a silicon oxynitride, a zirconium oxide, or a hafnium oxide. In an embodiment, the fourth insulating layer40has a single layer structure that includes silicon oxide.

A gate electrode GT2of the oxide thin film transistor O-TFT is disposed on the fourth insulating layer40. The gate electrode GT2is a portion of a metal pattern. The gate electrode GT2overlaps the active area AC2. The gate electrode GT2functions as a mask in a process of reducing the second semiconductor pattern.

A second lower light-shielding layer BML2is disposed under the oxide thin film transistor O-TFT. The second lower light-shielding layer BML2is interposed between the second insulating layer20and the third insulating layer30. The second lower light-shielding layer BML2includes the same material as the first electrode Csta of the capacitor and may be formed through the same process.

The fifth insulating layer50is disposed on the fourth insulating layer40and covers the gate electrode GT2. The fifth insulating layer50may be an inorganic layer, and may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the fifth insulating layer50has a multi-layer structure that includes a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer.

A first connection electrode CNE10is disposed on the fifth insulating layer50. The first connection electrode CNE10is connected to the connection signal line CSL through a first contact hole CH1that penetrates the first to fifth insulating layers10,20,30,40, and50.

The sixth insulating layer60is disposed on the fifth insulating layer50. The sixth insulating layer60is an organic layer. A second connection electrode CNE20is disposed on the sixth insulating layer60. The second connection electrode CNE20is connected to the first connection electrode CNE10through a second contact hole CH2that penetrates the sixth insulating layer60.

The seventh insulating layer70is disposed on the sixth insulating layer60and cover the second connection electrode CNE20. The seventh insulating layer70is an organic layer.

A third connection electrode CNE30is disposed on the seventh insulating layer70. The third connection electrode CNE30is connected to the second connection electrode CNE20through a third contact hole CH3that penetrates the seventh insulating layer70. The eighth insulating layer80is disposed on the seventh insulating layer70and covers the third connection electrode CNE30.

Each of the sixth insulating layer60, the seventh insulating layer70, and the eighth insulating layer80is an organic layer. For example, each of the sixth insulating layer60, the seventh insulating layer70, and the eighth insulating layer80includes general purpose polymers such as one or more of benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), or polystyrene (PS), polymer derivatives having a phenolic group, an acrylic polymer, an imide-based polymer, an arylether-based polymer, an amide-based polymer, a fluorine-based polymer, a p-xylene-based polymer, a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, or a blend thereof.

The light emitting element ED, which is part of the element layer140, is disposed on the eighth insulating layer80. The light emitting element ED includes a first electrode AE, a first functional layer HFL, a light emitting layer EL, a second functional layer EFL, and a second electrode CE. The first functional layer HFL, the second functional layer EFL, and the second electrode CE are provided in common to all pixels PX. The first functional layer HFL, the light emitting layer EL, and the second functional layer EFL may be referred to as an “intermediate layer CEL”. The first electrode AE may be referred to as a “pixel electrode” or “anode”. The second electrode CE may be referred to as a “common electrode” or “cathode”.

The first electrode AE is disposed on the eighth insulating layer80. The first electrode AE is connected to the third connection electrode CNE30that is electrically connected to the pixel circuit PDC through a fourth contact hole CH4that penetrates the eighth insulating layer80.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third connection electrode CNE30is omitted. For example, the first electrode AE is connected to the second connection electrode CNE20by penetrating the seventh and eighth insulating layers70and80. Moreover, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third connection electrode CNE30and the eighth insulating layer80are omitted. For example, the first electrode AE is disposed on the seventh insulating layer70and is connected to the second connection electrode CNE20by penetrating the seventh insulating layer70.

The first electrode AE is a transmissive (semi-transmissive) electrode or a reflective electrode. According to an embodiment, the anode AE includes a reflective layer formed of at least one of silver, magnesium, aluminum, platinum, palladium, gold, nickel, neodymium, iridium, chromium, or a compound thereof, and a transparent or semi-transparent electrode layer formed on the reflective layer. The transparent or semi-transparent electrode layer includes at least one of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, zinc oxide or indium oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. For example, the first electrode AE includes a multi-layer structure in which indium tin oxide, silver, and indium tin oxide are sequentially stacked.

The element layer140further includes a pixel defining layer PDL that is disposed on the eighth insulating layer80. The pixel defining layer PDL absorbs light. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL is black. The pixel defining layer PDL includes a black coloring agent. The black coloring agent includes a black dye and/or a black pigment. The black coloring agent includes at least one of carbon black, a metal such as chromium, or an oxide thereof.

An opening PDLop that exposes one portion of the first electrode AE is formed in the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL covers an edge of the first electrode AE. An emission area PXA is defined by the opening PDLop in the pixel defining layer PDL.

A spacer HSPC is disposed on the pixel defining layer PDL. A protruding spacer SPC is disposed on the spacer HSPC. The spacer HSPC and the protruding spacer SPC have an integral shape and are formed of the same materials. For example, the spacer HSPC and the protruding spacer SPC are formed through the same process by a halftone mask. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In some embodiments, the spacer HSPC and the protruding spacer SPC include different materials or are formed by separate processes.

The first functional layer HFL is disposed on the first electrode AE, the pixel defining layer PDL, the spacer HSPC, and the protruding spacer SPC. The first functional layer HFL includes a hole transport layer (HTL) or a hole injection layer (HIL), or includes both a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer. The first functional layer HFL is disposed throughout the display area.

The light emitting layer EL is disposed on the first functional layer HFL in an area that corresponds to the opening PDLop of the pixel defining layer PDL. The light emitting layer EL may include organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic materials that emit light of a predetermined color.

The second functional layer EFL is disposed on the first functional layer HFL and covers the light emitting layer EL. The second functional layer EFL includes an electron transport layer (ETL) or an electron injection layer (EIL), or both an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer. The second functional layer EFL is disposed throughout the display area.

The second electrode CE is disposed on the second functional layer EFL. The second electrode CE is disposed throughout the display area.

The element layer140further includes a capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode CE. The capping layer CPL improves emission efficiency by the principle of constructive interference. For example, the capping layer CPL includes a material that has a refractive index of 1.6 or higher for light that has a wavelength of 589 nm. The capping layer CPL may be an organic capping layer that includes organic materials, an inorganic capping layer that includes inorganic materials, or a composite capping layer that includes organic and inorganic materials. For example, the capping layer includes at least one of a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine group-containing compound, porphine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine group-containing compound may be selectively replaced with a substituent that includes at least one of oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), or any combination thereof.

The encapsulation layer150is disposed on the element layer140. The encapsulation layer150includes a first inorganic encapsulation layer151, an organic encapsulation layer152, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer153that are sequentially stacked. The first and second inorganic encapsulation layers151and153protect the element layer140from moisture and oxygen, and the organic encapsulation layer152protects the element layer140from foreign substances such as dust particles.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a low refractive index layer is further disposed between the capping layer CPL and the encapsulation layer150. The low refractive index layer includes lithium fluoride. The low refractive index layer is formed in a thermal evaporation process.

The sensor200is disposed on the display layer100. The sensor200may be referred to as a “sensor layer”, an “input sensing layer”, or an “input sensing panel”. The sensor200includes a sensor base layer201, a first sensor conductive layer202, a sensor insulating layer203, a second sensor conductive layer204, and a sensor cover layer205.

The sensor base layer201is directly disposed on the display layer100. In an embodiment, the sensor base layer201is an inorganic layer that includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and silicon oxide. Alternatively, in an embodiment, the sensor base layer201is an organic layer that includes at least one of an epoxy resin, an acrylate resin, or an imide-based resin. The sensor base layer201may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure stacked in the third direction DR3.

Each of the first sensor conductive layer202and the second sensor conductive layer204may have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure stacked in the third direction DR3.

A single-layer conductive layer includes one of a metal layer or a transparent conductive layer. The metal layer includes one of molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or an alloy thereof. The transparent conductive layer includes a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide, or indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO). In addition, the transparent conductive layer includes a conductive polymer such as at least one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT), a metal nano wire, graphene, etc.

A multi-layered conductive layer includes metal layers. For example, the metal layers have a three-layer structure of titanium/aluminum/titanium. The multi-layered conductive layer includes at least one metal layer and at least one transparent conductive layer.

The sensor insulating layer203is interposed between the first sensor conductive layer202and the second sensor conductive layer204. The sensor insulating layer203includes an inorganic film. The inorganic film includes at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, zirconium oxide, or hafnium oxide.

Alternatively, in an embodiment, the sensor insulating layer203includes an organic film. The organic film includes at least one of an acrylate-based resin, a methacrylate-based resin, polyisoprene, a vinyl-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a cellulose-based resin, a siloxane-based resin, a polyimide-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, or a perylene-based resin.

The sensor cover layer205is disposed on the sensor insulating layer203and covers the second sensor conductive layer204. The second sensor conductive layer204includes a conductive pattern. The sensor cover layer205covers the conductive pattern and reduces or eliminates damage to the conductive pattern in a subsequent process. The sensor cover layer205includes an inorganic material. For example, the sensor cover layer205includes silicon nitride, but is not necessarily limited thereto. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor cover layer205is omitted.

The anti-reflection layer300is disposed on the sensor200. The anti-reflection layer300includes a division layer310, a plurality of color filters320, and a planarization layer330.

The division layer310overlaps the conductive pattern of the second sensor conductive layer204. The sensor cover layer205is interposed between the division layer310and the second sensor conductive layer204. The division layer310prevents reflection of external light from the second sensor conductive layer204. The division layer310is formed of a material that absorbs light, and the material constituting the division layer310is not otherwise limited thereto. The division layer310is black, and, in an embodiment, the division layer310includes a black coloring agent. The black coloring agent includes a black dye or a black pigment. The black coloring agent includes at least one of carbon black, a metal such as chromium, or an oxide thereof.

A division opening310is formed in the division layer310. The division opening310overlaps the light emitting layer EL and the opening PDLop in the pixel defining layer PDL. The color filter320disposed in the division opening310and overlaps edges of the division layer310. The color filter320transmits light emitted from the light emitting layer EL.

The planarization layer330covers the division layer310and the color filter320. The planarization layer330includes an organic material, and provides the anti-reflection layer300with a flat upper surface. In an embodiment, the planarization layer330is omitted.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti-reflection layer300includes a reflection adjustment layer instead of the color filters320. For example, the color filter320is omitted from the structure ofFIG.3, and a reflection adjustment layer is added at a location where the color filter320is omitted. The reflection adjustment layer selectively absorbs light in a partial band of light reflected from inside the display panel and/or an electronic device or external light incident to the display panel and/or the electronic device.

For example, the reflection adjustment layer absorbs light in a first wavelength between 490 nm and 505 nm and light in a second wavelength between 585 nm and 600 nm such that light transmittance in the first wavelength and the second wavelength becomes 40% or less. The reflection adjustment layer absorbs light having a wavelength out of a wavelength range of the red, green, or blue light emitted from the light emitting layer EL. For example, the reflection adjustment layer absorbs light that has a wavelength that does not belong to a wavelength range of the red, green, or blue emitted from the light emitting layer EL, thereby preventing or minimizing a decrease in the luminance of a display panel and/or an electron device. In addition, a decrease in luminous efficiency of the display panel and/or electron device is prevented or minimized, and visibility is increased at the same time.

The reflection adjustment layer includes an organic material layer that includes dyes, pigments, or a combination thereof. The reflection adjustment layer includes one or more of a tetraazaporphyrin (TAP)-based compound, a porphyrin-based compound, a metal porphyrin-based compound, an oxazine-based compound, a squarylium-based compound, a triarylmethane-based compound, a polymethine-based compound, an anthraquinone-based compound, a phthalocyanine-based compound, an azo-based compound, a perylene-based compound, a xanthene-based compound, a diimmonium-based compound, a dipyrromethene-based compound, a cyanine-based compound, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the reflection adjustment layer has a transmittance of about 64% to 72%. The transmittance of the reflection adjustment layer is adjusted by varying the amount of pigment and/or dye in the reflection adjustment layer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the anti-reflection layer300includes a phase retarder and/or a polarizer. For example, the anti-reflection layer300includes at least one polarizing film. The anti-reflection layer300is attached to the sensor200through an adhesive layer.

FIG.4is a plan view of the sensor200, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG.4, in an embodiment, a sensing area200A and a peripheral area200NA adjacent to the sensing area200A are defined in the sensor200.

The sensor200includes a plurality of first electrodes210and a plurality of second electrodes220disposed in the sensing area200A. The first electrodes210are arranged in the first direction DR1. The second electrodes220are arranged in the second direction DR2that crosses the first direction DR1. Each of the first electrodes210extends in the second direction DR2. Each of the first electrodes210intersects the second electrodes220. Each of the second electrodes220extends in the first direction DR1. Each of the second electrodes220intersects the first electrodes210.

FIG.4shows sixteen first electrodes210and ten second electrodes220. However, the number of first electrodes210and the number of second electrodes220are not necessarily limited thereto. For example, the number of first electrodes210and the number of second electrodes220changes depending on an aspect ratio of the display device1000(seeFIG.1).

Each of the first electrodes210includes a first portion211and a second portion212. The first portion211and the second portion212are integral formed with each other and are disposed on the same layer. Each of the second electrodes220includes a sensing pattern221and a connection pattern222. Two adjacent sensing patterns221are electrically connected to each other by two connection patterns222, but are not necessarily limited thereto.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first portion211and the second portion212are disposed on the same layer as the sensing pattern221. The sensing pattern221, the first portion211, and the second portion212have a mesh shape. The sensing pattern221and the connection patterns222are disposed on different layers from each other. Two connection patterns222intersect with the second portion212in an insulation scheme. The first portion211, the second portion212, and the sensing pattern221are included in the second sensor conductive layer204shown inFIG.3. The connection patterns222are included in the first sensor conductive layer202shown inFIG.3. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first portion211, the second portion212, and the sensing pattern221are included in the first sensor conductive layer202shown inFIG.3, and the connection patterns222are included in the second sensor conductive layer204shown inFIG.3.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first portion211and the second portion212are disposed on the same layer as each other. The sensing pattern221and the connection patterns222are disposed on the same layer as each other. For example, the first portion211and the second portion212are included in the first sensor conductive layer202shown inFIG.3. The sensing pattern221and the connection patterns222are included in the second sensor conductive layer204shown inFIG.3. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first portion211and the second portion212are included in the second sensor conductive layer204shown inFIG.3, and the sensing pattern221and the connection patterns222are included in the first sensor conductive layer202shown inFIG.3.

The sensor200includes a plurality of first trace lines210aelectrically connected to the first electrodes210and a plurality of second trace lines220taelectrically connected to the second electrodes220.

In an embodiment, the first electrodes210and the second electrodes220are disposed in the sensing area200A. The first trace lines210aand the second trace lines220taare disposed in the peripheral area200NAa.

FIG.4shows that the one first trace line210ais electrically connected to the one first electrode210and the one second trace line220tais electrically connected to the one second electrode220, but embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In some embodiments, two first trace lines210aare electrically connected to the one first electrode210and two second trace lines220taare electrically connected to the one second electrode220, or two first trace lines210aare electrically connected to the one first electrode210and two second trace lines220taare electrically connected to the one second electrode220.

FIGS.5A and5Billustrate an operation of an input sensing device during a first sensing mode, according to an embodiment.

FIGS.5A and5Bshow an enlarged area μl of the sensor200shown inFIG.4.

Referring toFIGS.4and5A, in an embodiment, during a first period of a first sensing mode, the sensor driver200C outputs first transmission signals to the first electrodes210through the first trace lines210taand outputs second transmission signals to the second electrodes220through the second trace lines220ta. In an embodiment, the first trace lines210tainclude first trace lines L11and L12, and the second trace lines220tainclude second trace lines L21and L22.

During the first period of the first sensing mode, the sensor driver200C respectively outputs first transmission signals TS11and TS12to the first trace lines L11and L12and respectively outputs second transmission signals TS21and TS22to the second trace lines L21and L22.

Referring toFIG.5B, in an embodiment, during a second period of the first sensing mode, the sensor driver200C respectively receives first reception signals RS11and RS12from the first electrodes210through the first trace lines L11and L12, and respectively receives second reception signals RS21and RS22from the second electrodes220through the second trace lines L21and L22.

Referring toFIGS.5A and5B, in an embodiment, the sensor driver200C senses the touch2000(seeFIG.2) based on a difference, such as a change in capacitance, between the first transmission signals TS11and TS12provided to the first trace lines L11and L12and the first reception signals RS11and RS12received from the first trace lines L11and L12, and a difference, such as a change in capacitance, between the second transmission signals TS21and TS22provided to the second trace lines220taand the second reception signals RS21and RS22received from the second trace lines L21and L22.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver200C generates a first sensing signal Cs (seeFIG.8) based on a difference, such as a change in capacitance, between the first transmission signals TS11and TS12and the first reception signals RS11and RS12, and a difference, such as a change in capacitance, between the second transmission signals TS21and TS22and the second reception signals RS21and RS22.

FIG.6illustrates an operation of an input sensing device during a second sensing mode.

FIG.6shows the enlarged area μl of the sensor200shown inFIG.4.

Referring toFIG.6, in an embodiment, during a second sensing mode, the sensor driver200C outputs transmission signals to the first trace lines210taand receives reception signals from the second trace lines220ta. In an embodiment, the first trace lines210tainclude the first trace lines L11and L12, and the second trace lines220tainclude the second trace lines L21and L22.

For example, during the second sensing mode, the sensor driver200C outputs the first transmission signals TS11and TS12to the first trace lines L11and L12, respectively, and receives the second reception signals RS21and RS22from the second trace lines L21and L22, respectively.

The sensor driver200C senses the touch2000(seeFIG.2) by transmitting first transmission signals TS11and TS12to the first trace lines L11and L12and detecting capacitance changes of the second reception signals RS21and RS22received from the second trace lines L21and L22.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver200C generates a second sensing signal Cm (seeFIG.8) that corresponds to the capacitance changes of the second reception signals RS21and RS22.

An operation of the input sensing device during the second sensing mode is not necessarily limited to an embodiment ofFIG.6. In an embodiment, the sensor driver200C outputs the second transmission signals TS21and TS22to the second trace lines L21and L22, respectively, and receives the first reception signals RS11and RS12from the first trace lines L11and L12, respectively.

FIG.7illustrates an operation of the sensor driver200C, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIGS.6and7, in an embodiment, the sensor driver200C senses the touch2000(seeFIG.2) based on capacitance changes of the second reception signals RS21and RS22received from the second trace lines L21and L22, respectively, when the first transmission signals TS11and TS12are respectively transmitted to the first trace lines L11and L12.

When a second sensing signal Cm obtained from the second reception signals RS21and RS22is greater than a reference value C_TH, the sensor driver200C determines that the touch2000(seeFIG.2) has occurred. In an embodiment, the second sensing signal Cm is the capacitance of each of the second reception signals RS21and RS22.

The capacitance between the plurality of first electrodes210and the plurality of second electrodes220changes according to an external environment, such as temperature. Accordingly, the sensor driver200C changes the reference value C_TH for each of frames F1to F8, depending on the external environment.

In an embodiment, the sensor driver200C detects the external environment and updates a baseline C_BS based on the detected external environment. The sensor driver200C changes the reference value C_TH based on the baseline C_BS. When the touch2000has not occurred, the baseline C_BS is the base capacitance of each of the second reception signals RS21and RS22respectively received from the second trace lines L21and L22.

In an embodiment, when the touch2000(seeFIG.2) has not occurred, the sensor driver200C operates in a second sensing mode that senses the external environment and obtains the second sensing signal Cm. The sensor driver200C calculates the second sensing signal Cm based on the second reception signals RS21and RS22received from the second trace lines L21and L22.

The sensor driver200C calculates the second sensing signal Cm based on the second reception signals RS21and RS22and changes the baseline C_BS based on the second sensing signal Cm. Accordingly, the reference value C_TH changes several frames after the external environment has changed.

In addition, the sensor driver200C calculates the second sensing signal Cm based on the second reception signals RS21and RS22received under the condition that the touch2000(seeFIG.2) has not occurred, and thus the sensor driver200C might not respond in real time to a change in the external environment.

When the reference value C_TH remains at a low level because the baseline C_BS changes slowly when the external environment changes rapidly, the sensor driver200C recognizes that the second sensing signal Cm is greater than the reference value C_TH, and determined that the touch2000has occurred even though no touch2000(seeFIG.2) has occurred.

On the other hand, when the reference value C_TH remains at a high level because the baseline C_BS changes slowly, the sensor driver200C recognizes that the second sensing signal Cm is less than the reference value C_TH, and determines that the touch2000has not occurred even though the touch2000(seeFIG.2) has occurred.

InFIG.7, an offset is a correction value based on characteristics of an analog front end (AFE) circuit that detects an analog capacitance signal in the sensor driver200C. The offset is a different value for each input sensing device.

FIG.8illustrates an operation of a compensator200Ca in a sensor driver, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG.8, in an embodiment, the sensor driver200C (seeFIG.2) includes a compensator200Ca. During each of a first sensing frame SF1, a second sensing frame SF2, and a third sensing frame SF3, the compensator200Ca receives the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm from the sensor200. The first sensing frame SF1, the second sensing frame SF2, and the third sensing frame SF3are continuous with each other. For example, the second sensing frame SF2immediately follows the first sensing frame SF1, and the third sensing frame SF3immediately follows the first sensing frame SF2.

Each of the first sensing frame SF1, the second sensing frame SF2, and the third sensing frame SF3includes a first sensing period SP1, a second sensing period SP2, and an off period OFF. In an embodiment, the first sensing period SP1is when an operation is performed in the first sensing mode shown inFIGS.5A and5B. In an embodiment, the second sensing period SP2is when an operation is performed in the second sensing mode shown inFIG.6.

The first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200is a capacitance change obtained during the first sensing mode shown inFIGS.5A and5B. The second sensing signal Cm received from the sensor200is a capacitance change obtained during the second sensing mode shown inFIG.6.

The compensator200Ca outputs a compensated sensing signal CCm compensated based on the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm.

During a first output frame OF1, the sensor driver200C calculates touch coordinates based on the compensated sensing signal CCm of the first sensing frame SF1, identifies a profile, and outputs a coordinate signal. The coordinate signal indicates a location of the touch2000(seeFIG.2) and is provided to the main driver1000C (seeFIG.2).

During a second output frame OF2, the sensor driver200C calculates touch coordinates based on the compensated sensing signal CCm of the second sensing frame SF2, identifies a profile, and outputs a coordinate signal.

In an embodiment, each of the first sensing frame SF1, the second sensing frame SF2, the third sensing frame SF3, the first output frame OF1, and the second output frame OF2have the same duration as each other. The second sensing frame SF2and the first output frame OF1temporally overlap. The third sensing frame SF3and the second output frame OF2temporally overlap.

FIG.9is a flowchart of an operation of an input sensing device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIGS.5A,5B,6, and9, in an embodiment, during the first sensing period SP1of the first sensing frame SF1, the sensor driver200C operates in a first sensing mode (operation S100). The sensor driver200C respectively outputs first transmission signals to the first electrodes210through the first trace lines210aand respectively outputs second transmission signals to the second electrodes220through the second trace lines220ta.

The sensor driver200C respectively receives first reception signals RS11and RS12from the first electrodes210through the first trace lines L11and L12, and respectively receives second reception signals RS21and RS22from the second electrodes220through the second trace lines L21and L22.

The sensor driver200C calculates the first sensing signal Cs based on a difference, such as a capacitance change, between the first transmission signals TS11and TS12and the first reception signals RS11and RS12, and a difference, such as a capacitance change, between the second transmission signals TS21and TS22and the second reception signals RS21and RS22. The compensator200Ca receives the first sensing signal Cs (operation S110).

The compensator200Ca selects a compensation map that corresponds to the first sensing signal Cs from a plurality of compensation maps (operation S120). The compensation map will be described with reference toFIG.10.

During the second sensing period SP2of the first sensing frame SF1, the sensor driver200C operates in a second sensing mode (operation S130). For example, while transmitting the first transmission signals TS11and TS12to the first trace lines L11and L12, the sensor driver200C calculates the second sensing signal Cm based on a capacitance change of each of the second reception signals RS21and RS22received from the second trace lines L21and L22. The compensator200Ca receives the second sensing signal Cm (operation S140).

The compensator200Ca compensates for the second sensing signal Cm based on the selected compensation map and outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm (operation S150).

The sensor driver200C outputs a coordinate signal based on the compensated sensing signal CCm (operation S160).

FIG.10shows a plurality of compensation maps, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIGS.9and10, in an embodiment, the compensator200Ca includes a first compensation map array MAP1and a second compensation map array MAP2.

During a stage of producing the display device1000(seeFIG.2), the first compensation map array MAP1and the second compensation map array MAP2are stored in a memory, such as a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory, of the compensator200Ca.

The first compensation map array MAP1includes first, second and third first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc. Each of the first, second and third first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc stores characteristics of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200based on an external environment. For example, the first first compensation map Fa stores the characteristics of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200at a first temperature. The second first compensation map Fb stores the characteristics of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200at a second temperature. The third first compensation map Fc stores the characteristics of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200at a third temperature. The first temperature, the second temperature, and the third temperature differ from each other.

While the sensor driver200C operates in the first sensing mode shown inFIGS.5A and5Bwhen ambient temperatures are the first temperature, the second temperature, or the third temperature, each of the first, second and third first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc corresponds to a sensing signal received from the sensor200.

In an embodiment, when the ambient temperatures are the first temperature, the second temperature, or the third temperature, each of the first, second and third first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc includes a representative value, such as an arithmetic mean, a median, a mode, etc., of a sensing signal received from the sensor200.

The second compensation map array MAP2includes first, second and third second compensation maps Ga, Gb, and Gc. Each of the first, second and third second compensation maps Ga, Gb, and Gc stores a compensation value that compensates for the second sensing signal Cm received from the sensor200based on the external environment. For example, the first second compensation map Ga stores a compensation value for the second sensing signal Cm at the first temperature. The second second compensation map Gb stores a compensation value for the second sensing signal Cm at the second temperature. The third second compensation map Gc stores a compensation value for the second sensing signal Cm at the third temperature.

In an embodiment, the number of first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc in the first compensation map array MAP1is the same as the number of second compensation maps Ga, Gb, and Gc in the second compensation map array MAP2. In addition, althoughFIG.10shows three first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc and three second compensation maps Ga, Gb, and Gc, this is for convenience of illustration, and embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In other embodiments, there may be two first compensation maps and two second compensation maps, or four or more first compensation maps and four or more second compensation maps, as long as the number of first compensation maps equals the number of second compensation maps.

In an embodiment, the first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc in the first compensation map array MAP1have a one-to-one correspondence with the second compensation maps Ga, Gb, and Gc in the second compensation map array MAP2.

During the first sensing period SP1shown inFIG.8, the compensator200Ca calculates a representative value of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200and selects a compensation map whose representative value is most similar to the representative value of the first sensing signal Cs from the first compensation maps Fa, Fb, and Fc. For example, a difference between the most similar compensation map representative value and first sensing signal representative value is less than the difference between other compensation map representative values and the first sensing signal representative value.

When the representative value of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200corresponds to the first first compensation map Fa, the compensator200Ca selects the first second compensation map Ga that corresponds to the first first compensation map Fa during the first sensing period SP1. The compensator200Ca compensates for the second sensing signal Cm based on the selected first second compensation map Ga and outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm.

When the representative value of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200corresponds to the second first compensation map Fb, the compensator200Ca selects the second second compensation map Gb that corresponds to the second first compensation map Fb during the first sensing period SP1. The compensator200Ca compensates for the second sensing signal Cm based on the selected second second compensation map Gb and outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm.

When the representative value of the first sensing signal Cs received from the sensor200corresponds to the third first compensation map Fc, the compensator200Ca selects the third second compensation map Gc that corresponds to the third first compensation map Fc during the first sensing period SP1. The compensator200Ca compensates for the second sensing signal Cm based on the selected third second compensation map Gc and outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm.

Returning toFIG.8, the compensator200Ca outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm compensated based on the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm of the first sensing frame SF1.

During the first output frame OF1, the sensor driver200C outputs a coordinate signal based on the compensated sensing signal CCm.

For example, the sensor driver200C outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm compensated based on the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm detected in the first sensing frame SF1and output a coordinate signal based on the compensated sensing signal CCm during the first output frame OF1.

In an embodiment, a compensation value stored in each of the first, second and third second compensation maps Ga, Gb, and Gc is for updating the baseline C_BS (seeFIG.7) based on an external environment.

The sensor driver200C updates a baseline in real time based on the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm detected in the first sensing frame SF1, and thus securely sense the touch2000(seeFIG.2) regardless of changes in the external environment.FIG.11is a graph of the performance of an input sensing device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIGS.6,8, and11, in an embodiment, when the touch2000(seeFIG.2) has not occurred, the compensator200Ca in the sensor driver200C obtains the first sensing signal Cs by operating in the first sensing mode and obtains the second sensing signal Cm by operating in the second sensing mode.

The sensor driver200C updates the baseline C_BS in real time based on the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm.

Accordingly, the baseline C_BS changes similar to the second sensing signal Cm obtained in the second sensing mode.

In a conventional method, the external environment is detected and the baseline X_BS is changed according to the detected external environment. Accordingly, the baseline X_BS is slowly changed.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first compensation map and a second compensation map can be selected based on the first sensing signal Cs during every sensing frame and the second sensing signal Cm can be compensated depending on the selected second compensation map. Accordingly, the second sensing signal Cm can be compensated in real time, similar to the baseline C_BS. As a result, the touch sensing performance of the input sensing device is increased.

FIG.12Ais a plan view of a sensor200-1, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG.12Bis an enlarged plan view of area XX′ shown inFIG.12A. In the description ofFIGS.12A and12B, the same reference numerals refer to the same components described with reference toFIG.4, and thus repeated descriptions thereof are omitted to avoid redundancy.

Referring toFIGS.12A and12B, in an embodiment, the sensor200-1includes the plurality of first electrodes210, the plurality of second electrodes220, a plurality of first trace lines210t, and a plurality of second trace lines220t.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first trace lines210textend to overlap the sensing area200A.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second trace lines220textend to overlap the sensing area200A. For example, the second trace lines220tare not disposed in the peripheral area200NA adjacent to the sensing area200A in the first direction DR1. Accordingly, the area of the peripheral area200NA can be reduced. As a result, an area occupied by the non-display area NDA (seeFIG.1) on the display surface IS (seeFIG.1) of the display device1000(seeFIG.1) can be reduced, thereby implementing a narrow bezel.

Moreover, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the length of the second electrodes220increases by the aspect ratio of the display device1000(seeFIG.1), and thus the load of the second electrodes220is increased. For example, to reduce the load of the second electrodes220, each of the second electrodes220is divided into a plurality of division electrodes. For example, when each of the second electrodes220is divided into 3 or more electrodes, the division electrodes spaced from the peripheral area200NA are electrically connected to the second trace lines220tathat overlap the sensing area200A.

The first electrodes210and the first trace lines210tare connected through a plurality of first contacts210ct. The second electrodes220and the second trace lines220tare connected through a plurality of second contacts220ct. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, both the first contacts210ctand the second contacts220ctoverlap the sensing area200A. However, embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first contacts210ctoverlap the peripheral area200NA.

The second trace lines220tare disposed on the same layer as the connection patterns222. When viewed in a plan view, such as in the third direction DR3, the second trace lines220tdo not overlap the first electrodes210. The second trace lines220toverlap the second electrodes220. Accordingly, the effect of signal interference or parasitic capacitance between the first electrodes210and the second trace lines220tcan be minimized.

FIG.13shows a test method for an input sensing device.

Referring toFIGS.2and13, in an embodiment, one method for testing the performance of an input sensing device includes placing a conductive disk TS on an upper surface of the sensor200-1.

When the conductive disk TS is placed on the upper surface of the sensor200-1, the input sensing device recognizes that the conductive disk TS is the same as the touch2000(seeFIG.2). The sensor driver200C outputs coordinates in which the conductive disk TS is placed by detecting a change of the second sensing signal Cm between the first electrodes210and the second electrodes220that are in contact with the conductive disk TS.

FIG.14illustrates a ghost removing method of an input sensing device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG.14graphically illustrates the second sensing signal Cm received from the sensor200-1.

Referring toFIGS.13and14, in an embodiment, in some cases, the sensor driver200C (seeFIG.2) needs to output coordinates that correspond to an area C_TS in which the conductive disk TS is placed by detecting a capacitance change of the first electrodes210and the second electrodes220that are in contact with the conductive rod TS.

As shown inFIG.13, the second trace lines220tthat overlap the sensing area200A are in contact with the conductive disk TS. The capacitance change of the second trace lines220tin contact with the conductive rod TS is provided to the second electrodes220through the second contacts220ct.

As a result, because the capacitance of the second electrodes220, in which the second contacts220ctare located, changes, undesirable noise or ghosts GST may be included in the second sensing signal Cm.

The compensator200Ca (seeFIG.8) of the sensor driver200C further include a lookup table LUT.

The lookup table LUT stores compensation values that compensate for the second sensing signal Cm received from the second electrodes220that overlap the second contacts220ct.

The compensator200Ca compensates for the second sensing signal Cm based on the first sensing signal Cs and the second sensing signal Cm, performs ghost compensation with reference to the lookup table LUT, and outputs the compensated sensing signal CCm.

As a result, a coordinate signal XY output from the sensor driver200C does not include the ghost GST.

An input sensing device having such the configuration selects a first compensation map and a second compensation map based on a first sensing signal obtained in a first sensing mode during every sensing frame and compensates for a second sensing signal obtained in a second sensing mode based on the selected second compensation map. Accordingly, the second sensing signal can be compensated in real time. As a result, the touch sensing performance of the input sensing device is increased.

While embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to drawings thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present disclosure as set forth in the following claims.