Floating pad saw guide

A saw guide for use between a pair of circular saw blades fixed on an arbor which has a holder having an annular head in which the guide pad having parallel opposed guide faces has a loose axially movable and tiltable fit and which is stabilized in an aligned position relative to the saw blades by means of a pair of spaced apart lip seals mounted on the guide pad and bearing against the annular head, the pressure of the annular seals being increased by delivery of air between the lip seals, said air also passing through passages ported out of the faces of the guide pad.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to rotary saws, and in particular to a guide 
assembly using hydro-dynamic pressure lubrication for a plurality of 
circular saw blades fixed on an arbor. 
2. Prior Art 
The laws of lubrication, which are well established, apply without 
exception to saw guiding. If the lubricants supplied to the saw guide 
surface and, the surface which is in intimate contact with the rotating 
saw blade surface is intermittent or inadequate, a form of lubrication 
sometimes referred to as boundary or partial lubrication, occurs. In this 
case excessive wear of the guiding surface is prevented primarily by 
adhesion of lubricant to the surface and by selection of a low-friction 
material for the guiding surface. With this type of saw guide a liquid 
lubricant for which water is preferred is always required. However, 
because of only partial lubrication, a generally excessive quantity of 
water is required. 
On the other hand, if a continuous film of lubricant is established between 
the saw guide and the saw blade and its film is stable, that is, it does 
not disappear intermittently, then air becomes a very excellent lubricant 
as it provides a higher load bearing capability. In saw guiding, liquid 
lubricants are not preferred because of the attendant relatively high 
consumption. Contrary to bearing lubrication, in saw guiding it is 
impractical to recirculate the lubricant within a closed system. 
Techniques of using air or other lubricants are not new, but present 
systems, because of their design, do not establish stable air films and 
thus require excessive amounts of liquid lubricants. 
Furthermore, present designs all rely upon one side of a saw guide being 
fixed. The saw references against the fixed side and the other side is 
either also fixed or floating. When a saw is rigidly mounted in collars, 
any small mis-alignment between the fixed saw and the fixed guide causes 
the hydro-dynamic film lubrication to break down, i.e. a diverging film of 
lubrication would be established. This is a problem that is well 
understood and was solved in bearing designs by allowing the guide 
surfaces or pads to tilt. Present guide systems, therefore, because of 
this problem are nearly always used with floating saws so that the saw 
blade itself will then align itself with the guide pad. Floating saw 
blades, however, which are normally guided by two or three small guide 
pads do not have the advantage of rigidly fixed saw blades as lateral 
stiffness of the latter saw measured in the tooth region is considerably 
greater than in a floating saw blade. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present saw guide assembly uses air as the primary fluid to establish a 
continuous and stable fluid film between saw guiding surface and the 
rotating saw blade. 
The guide assembly of the present invention furthermore provides automatic 
alignment of guide pads with fixed saw blades.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE 
Referring to FIG. 1, the numeral 10 designates a saw blade which is an 
outer one of a saw blade set, which is fixed for rotation on an arbor (see 
FIG. 2). The numeral 11 designates a guide member of the present invention 
which is disposed to contact the outer surface of the saw blade 10. The 
guide member which is mounted in a conventional manner on the saw frame 
(not shown) can adjustably be positioned in a direction parallel to the 
saw arbor. The guide member has an arm 13 and an annular head 14 within 
which a cylindrical sleeve 15 has a press fit. 
A disc-like guide pad carrier 16 which has a loose fit in the sleeves has a 
pair of cylindrical sockets 17 and 18 formed in opposite side faces so as 
to leave a central web 19. A disc-like guide pad 21 is fitted in the 
socket 18 and is secured to the carrier web by machine screws 22. An 
air-tight cover 23 is secured to the head portion of the guide frame over 
the guide pad carrier to provide a pressure chamber 24. 
The guide pad carrier has a centrally located circumferential groove 25 
which receives pressurized air through a passage 26 (broken lines) which 
extends through the guide arm. A pair of annular lip seals 27--27 are 
positioned in grooves 28--28 on opposite sides of the circumferential 
groove 25, the lip seals making sealing contact with the sleeve 15. 
Pressurized air from the circumferential groove 25 passes through a 
restricted passage 29 into a plenum chamber 31 formed in the carrier web. 
Air from the plenum chamber passes outwardly through a further restricted 
passage 32, formed through the guide pad 21, the passage 32 being ported 
at its outer end into a conical socket 33 formed in the guide pad face 34 
which confronts the saw blade 10. Depth of the conical socket is 
approximately equal to three time the gap between the face of the guide 
pad and the saw blade 10. 
Air from the plenum chamber 31 is also exhausted through a fitting 35 
having a restricted passage 36 into the pressure chamber 24. As shown in 
FIG. 1, the cover also has a fitting 37 provided with a restricted passage 
38. Maximum excursion of the carrier in a direction away from the saw 
blade is set by a capscrew 39 projecting from the cover 23. Rotation of 
the carrier within the sleeve is prevented by engagement of a lug 40 
projecting from the carrier, with a stop face 41 formed in the sleeve. 
FIG. 2 shows a pair of identical guide assemblies 50 and 51 which are 
arranged between three saw blades 52, 53 and 54 being inner saw blades of 
the saw blade set. The blades being spaced apart in fixed relationship by 
spacers 55 and 56. 
The guide member 50, like guide member 10, has a guide arm 57 and an 
annular head 58 within which a disclike guide pad carrier 61 has a loose 
fit. The carrier 61 has a pair of annular sockets 62 and 63 on opposite 
sides of a central web 64. Guide pads 65 and 66 are secured in the sockets 
62 and 63, and have opposite parallel planar faces 67 and 68. Distance 
between the faces 67 and 68 of the guide pads 65 and 66 is approximately 
0.002 to 0.003 inches less than distance between the confronting faces of 
the saw blades 52 and 53. The carrier 61, like the carrier 16, has a 
central circumferential groove 69 on opposite sides of which are a pair of 
annular lip seals 71 and 72 fitting in grooves 73 and 74, the lip seals 
bearing against the sleeve 59. Pressurized air injected into the 
circumferential groove 69 through a passage 76 extending through the guide 
arm 57 passes from the circumferential groove 69 through a passage 78 into 
a plenum chamber 79 in the web 64. Air from the plenum chamber 79 is 
directed through restricted passages 82 and 83 through the guide pads 65 
and 66, thence into conical pockets 85 and 86 formed in the faces 67 and 
68 of the pads. 
In operation pressurized air is admitted to all guide members at 
approximately 3 to 5 psi with the saw blades run up to operating speeds. 
At this pressure, although the lip seals are in sealing engagement with 
the sleeve, the guide pad carriers are relatively free to find positions 
of alignment with the saw blades which they confront. Air pressure is then 
increased (40 psi being suitable) which thus increases the pressure of the 
lip seals against the walls of the sleeves so that the carriers are 
relatively firmly fixed in the aligned position. Due to the restricted air 
passages 38 pressure in the pressure chamber 24 counteracts outward 
pressure against the outermost guide pads. If due to excessive external 
forces against one or more pads sufficient to shift the carriers in their 
respective sleeves. Air pressure is reduced to again allow the pads to 
find the aligned position and the pressure is then increased and sawing 
resumed. 
In operation, the guide carriers are however, free to twist and move small 
amounts, through distortion of the lip seals, so that accurate alignment 
relative to the saw blades will be maintained when for instance lateral 
forces on the saws cause the saw blades to distort. Generally when sawing, 
lateral forces are created from improper feeding of a wood item through 
the sawing machine, thus the forces and distortion generally affect more 
than one saw. Thus, even though the guide carrier is a rigid item with 
parallel faces, it will align itself relative to the saws, so that a 
converging fluid film, in the direction of rotation of the saws, is 
established on either side of the guide carrier. A converging fluid (i.e. 
air) film is a stable lubricating film and thus stable lubrication will be 
maintained at all times. 
It is seen that stability of air film between the pads of the guide members 
50 and 51 and the saw blades is maintained by the restricted passages 
which feed the air to each of the pad surfaces. When a saw is pushed by 
external forces against one pad, the guiding pressure will always rise for 
this pad due to a reduced gap and will fall on the other side, the side 
where the gap becomes larger. The diameters of the restricted passages 
leading air into the guide pad surfaces are chosen such as to cause a high 
rate of change of the guiding pressure with small changes in the gap 
distance. 
In order to achieve good stability over a wide range of gap heights and at 
high surface speeds of the saw, the pockets and passages feeding air there 
into are located adjacent the upstream side of each of the guide pads 
relative to the direction of rotation of the saw. Optimized flow 
conditions (a positive net force separating the saw blade from the guiding 
surface) cannot be maintained with a centrally located passage as is 
presently common on guides that are purported to operate with air. The 
slightly recessed pockets create a Rayleigh step which further enhances 
positive pressure at high saw speeds. The recessed pockets further prevent 
the establishment of net negative forces or suction forces on the guide 
surfaces which otherwise could be established when the running clearance 
becomes extremely small, this being the results of the lateral force on 
the saw having become larger than the load bearing capacity of the guide. 
Further, although air is used as the primary fluid, to establish a 
continuous stable fluid film between the guide pad surface and the 
rotating saw for saw cooling purposes a small amount of oil or water can 
be added to the air flow on a continuous basis. It is to be understood 
that when a liquid is added the restricted passages would be suitably 
modified to reflect the fluid properties of the mixture. Addition of 
liquid further prevents buildup of pitch on the saws and also aids in the 
lubrication when a saw is excessively bent due to a cause other than 
normal sawing.