Temperature responsive valve

A temperature responsive valve comprising a hollow housing having three ports, a cylinder mounted in and to the housing assembly in the vicinity of one of the ports, the cylinder having a gas escape space through which said one of the ports communicates with the hollow portion of the housing assembly, a thermal expansive member which changes in its cubical volume in response to an external temperature; and a valve body which is connected to the thermal expansive member and which is movably arranged in the cylinder via a single seal member so as to engage with or disengage from the cylinder in accordance with the cubical change of the thermal expansive member.

This invention relates to a temperature responsive valve which can be used 
as, for example, a directional control device for a vacuum operated 
exhaust gas recirculating valve (EGR valve) for pollution control in an 
internal combustion engine. 
This kind of temperature responsive three-ports valve usually has a 
temperature detecting member, such as a thermal expansive wax, which is 
located in a housing having three ports to detect the temperature of a 
thermal medium (e.g. the temperature of an engine coolant, or the 
temperature of the exhaust gas, etc), and a valve body for directional 
control of the three ports in response to the temperature detecting 
member. 
In order to increase the flow rate of the exhaust gas, it is necessary to 
increase the cross sectional area of the ports. In a conventional 
directional control valve in which the displacement of the valve body 
causes the ports to be directly opened or closed, the increase of the area 
of the ports means an increase of the displacement of the valve body, 
which in turn means an increase of the amount of cubical expansion of the 
thermal expansive member. Furthermore, the increase of the amount of 
cubical expansion of the thermal expansive member needs the provision of a 
strong or large return spring for returning the valve body to its initial 
position. 
Alternatively, if directional control of the ports is intended to be 
effected by a small amount of cubical expansion of the thermal expansive 
member, it is necessary to provide two seal members (e.g. O-rings) 
arranged in the direction of the movement of the valve body. 
The primary object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a 
temperature responsive three-ports valve which can effect a directional 
control of the ports by a valve body with a single seal member under a 
small amount of cubical expansion of a thermal expansive member. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a temperature 
responsive three-ports valve which ensures a large flow rate.

First and second housings 1 and 2 are connected to each other in a gastight 
fashion. The gastight connection can be ensured by an O-ring 3 provided 
between the housings 1 and 2. Preferably, one end of the second housing 2 
is fitted in one end 1a of the first housing 1 and then the first end 1a 
is crimped around the second housing 2. To the other end of the first 
housing 1 is connected a hollow cover 4 also in a gastight fashion. The 
housings 1 and 2 form, together with the hollow cover 4, a housing 
assembly which can be attached to an engine body (not shown) by means of a 
threaded portion 1b formed on the periphery of the first housing 1, so 
that the housing assembly is located in a thermal medium, such as an 
engine coolant. Between the first housing 1 and the cover 4 is arranged a 
diaphragm 5 so as to close the hollow portion 30 of the cover 4. In the 
hollow portion 30 is located a thermal expansive member 6 which may be, 
for example, a wax having a high thermal conductive flour copper mixed 
therewith. The thermal expansive member 6 has characteristics of a thermal 
expansion coefficient as shown in FIG. 2 in which the cubical volume 
change F of the thermal expansive member 6 suddenly increases when the 
temperature T of the thermal medium (e.g. the engine coolant) reaches a 
predetermined value T.sub.0 at which the thermal expansive member 6 in the 
form of a solid is liquidized. 
The first housing 1 has therein a hollow portion 31 in which a semifluid 
material 7 is put and sealed. The semifluid material 7 has a 
characteristic that the volume thereof does not vary even when it is 
compressed. The first housing 1 has also an axial bore 32 connected to the 
hollow portion 31. In the axial bore 32 are arranged a rubber piston 8, a 
protective sheet 9 which is preferably made of Teflon (Dupont's 
trademark), and a metal shaft 10, in this order from the bottom. The sheet 
9 is located between the shaft 10 and the piston 8 to prevent the piston 8 
from coming in direct contact with the shaft 10. The piston 8 serves also 
as a seal of the semifluid material 7. The shaft 10 is slidable in the 
axial bore 32 so that the shaft 10 is displaced upward in the axial bore 
32, due to the cubical expansion of the thermal expansive member 6, via 
the diaphragm 5, the semifluid material 7, the piston 8, and the seal 
(sheet) 9. 
Two valve chambers 11a and 11b are formed in the housings 1 and 2. To the 
upper end of the shaft 10 is rigidly connected a valve body 12 which is 
provided, on its upper end, with a peripheral groove 35 in which a single 
seal member such as an O-ring 13 is fitted. A cylinder 15 is press-fitted 
in the housing 2 and is attached to the latter in a gas tight fashion with 
the help of an O-ring 16 provided between the cylinder 15 and the housing 
2. The cylinder 15 is always urged upward by a return spring 14 arranged 
between the cylinder 15 and the valve body 12. The spring 14 also causes 
the valve body 12 to press against the housing 1. The two valve chambers 
11a and 11b are separated from one another when the O-ring 13 comes into 
contact with an inner periphery 15b of the cylinder 15. The inner 
periphery 15b of the cylinder 15 provides a valve seat surface for the 
valve body 12. The cylinder 15 has a lower end 15a which is adapted to 
guide the spring 14. The other end, i.e. the upper end of the cylinder 15 
has a cut out portion which provides a peripheral gas escape space 15c 
which ensures a selective connection between three ports 18, 19 and 20. 
The gas escape space 15c makes also it possible to effect a directional 
control of the ports by a slight change of the cubical volume of the 
thermal expansive member 6. The ports 18, 19 and 20 are provided on the 
second housing 2. The first port 18 normally opens into the valve chamber 
11a and the second and third ports 19 and 20 normally open into the valve 
chamber 11b. The diameter of the inner periphery 15b of the cylinder 15 is 
identical to the diameter of an inner periphery 2a of the housing 2. The 
inner periphery 2a of the housing 2 provides a valve seat surface for the 
valve body 12. The ports 18, 19 and 20 extend in the same direction. The 
port 19 is located so that it does not come into contact with the cylinder 
15 and it opens into the gas escape space 15c. Between the cylinder 15 and 
a shoulder or seat portion 2b of the housing 2 is provided an annular gap 
17. 
As mentioned above, the valve of the present invention is screwed, for 
example, in a wall of a passage (not shown) of an engine coolant (water), 
by means of the threaded portion 1a of the housing 1. When the temperature 
of the coolant is below a predetermined value to (FIG. 2), the shaft 10 
and the valve body 12 integral therewith are pushed downward in FIG. 1, by 
means of the spring 14, so that the O-ring 13 on or in the vicinity of the 
upper end of the valve body 12 comes into seal contact with the inner 
periphery 15b of the cylinder 15. In this position of the valve body 12 
which is referred to as a first position, the first port 18 does not 
communicate with the second and third ports 19 and 20 which communicate 
with each other through the valve chamber 11b of the housing 2 and through 
the gas escape space 15c of the cylinder 15. 
When the temperature of the engine coolant increases and reaches the 
predetermined value T.sub.0, the thermal expansive member 6 suddenly 
expands and causes the shaft 10 and the valve body 12 to move upwards 
against the spring 14. Consequently, the O-ring 13 of the valve body 12 
separates from the cylinder 15 and comes into contact with the inner 
periphery 2a of the housing 2. Further expansion of the thermal expansive 
member 6 causes the valve body 12 to move upwards. During this further 
upward movement of the valve body 12, the O-ring 13 slides on the inner 
periphery 2a of the housing 2 while keeping a close contact with the inner 
periphery 2a. The excess expansion of the thermal expansive member 6 can 
be thus absorbed by the upward movement of the valve body 12. In a second 
position in which the O-ring 13 is in close contact with the inner 
periphery 2a, the communication between the second and third ports 19 and 
20 is broken, and, on the other hand, the communication between the second 
port 19 and the first port 18 is established by means of the gas escape 
space 15c and the valve chamber 11a. 
When the temperature of the engine coolant decrease again and is below the 
predetermined valve T.sub.0, the thermal expansive member 6 is contracted 
so that the shaft 10 and the valve body 12 are returned to their initial 
position (first position) by means of the spring 14. 
It should be noted that since the valve body 12 is coaxially press-fitted 
on the shaft 10, the valve body 12 can move in the valve chambers 11a and 
11b without being inclined, so that the O-ring 13 ensures a reliable seal 
effect and is prevented from being worn only at one side thereof. 
FIG. 3 shows a variant of FIG. 1, in which the modification is mainly 
directed to the cylinder. In FIG. 3, the cylinder 15' has a peripheral 
O-ring groove 37 in which the O-ring 16 is fitted (In FIG. 1, the O-ring 
16 is provided in the housing 2.). The cylinder 15' is secured in the 
housing 2. The inner periphery of the upper end of the cylinder 15' is 
rounded so that, when the valve body 12 comes from its second position to 
the first position, the rounded upper end of the cylinder 15' enables the 
valve body 12 to easily come in to the cylinder 15' without being damaged 
by the upper end of the cylinder. The inner lower end of the cylinder 15' 
is tapered to easily assemble the valve body 12 in the cylinder 15'. 
As can be seen from the above discussion, according to the present 
invention, by the provision of the cylinder having a gas escaping space in 
the vicinity of one of the ports, a two-position directional control can 
be easily effected by a small displacement of a valve body and only one 
O-ring needs to be provided on the valve body, thus resulting in 
simplification of the construction. 
Furthermore, since the gap 17 which is provided between the cylinder 15 (or 
15') and the shoulder portion 2b of the housing 2 is located around the 
valve body 12, the gap 17 contributes to an increase of the flow rate of 
the gas passing therethrough. That is, according to a prior art in which 
the port 19 is opened and closed directly by the side wall of the valve 
body 12, the cross sectional area of the passage through which the gas 
flows depends on the cross-sectional area of the port 19, whereas in our 
invention the flow rate depends on the gap 17. Generally speaking, the 
diameter of the valve chamber 11b is about three times the diameter of the 
port 19, and accordingly, the cross-sectional area of the gap is 
considerably larger than that of the port 19.