Demonstration Model For Osteotomy Surgical Procedures

A three-dimensional model for demonstrating an osteotomy surgical procedure is provided. The three-dimensional model includes a support, a healthy hip with a socket, a diseased hip with a socket, a healthy femur, a diseased femur with a removable proximal portion, a removable spacer for the healthy hip socket, a removable socket insert for the diseased hip socket, a ball socket insert to replace the socket insert, and a femoral implant to replace the diseased femur proximal portion.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to demonstration models. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a demonstration model for an osteotomy surgical procedure.

Some approaches to demonstrate and provide instruction for surgical procedures use human and/or animal cadavers, such as canine, porcine, or bovine cadaver specimens. While helpful, these cadaver specimens are often very costly and may create biohazard waste issues. Furthermore, the usefulness of cadaver models may be limited. For example, although cadaver tissues provide an accurate representation of anatomical geometry, the required chemical preservation, such as embalming fluid, which may include formaldehyde, methanol, glutaraldehyde, greatly alters the physical properties of the tissues. Therefore, it would be useful to provide an improved approach to demonstrate surgical procedures that does not rely upon cadavers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals, characters and labels refer to like parts throughout.

Embodiments of the present disclosure advantageously provide three dimensional, transforming demonstration models that illustrate the way different osteotomy surgical procedures change the geometry of the relevant bones from a pre-surgical state to a post-surgical state.

More particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a three dimensional, transforming model used to demonstrate to dog owners the anatomy and function of a dog's hip, the dysfunction caused by a shallow, dysplastic hip, the progression to osteoarthritis, and treatment via Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy surgery or Total Hip Replacement surgery.

Generally, the demonstration model represents a dog's pelvis, i.e., two hip joints or hips, and two removable femurs. A base with a vertical support is attached to the pelvis. Each femur is coupled to the pelvis at the respective hip. A removable spacer may be placed into one hip socket (or cavity), and affixed or coupled thereto with an embedded magnet, etc. The demonstration model advantageously transforms one hip from a normal, healthy hip state to a shallow, dysplastic hip state, and the other hip from a diseased, dysplastic, arthritic hip state to a partial or total hip replacement state that has been surgically treated via femoral head and neck ostectomy. For each hip, the femur may be removed to show the separate shapes of the femur and pelvis, and their interaction within the hip socket.

The normal (healthy) hip and the normal (healthy) femur have normal, deep, ball-and-socket anatomy. The healthy femur may be used to show the normal anatomy, the normal, smooth motion of a healthy hip, and the supportive strength provided by a normal, deep hip socket. When placed in the socket of the healthy hip, the removable spacer renders the socket shallower, allowing the user to see the decreased stability and strength caused by a shallow, dysplastic hip. In one embodiment, the removable spacer includes at least one embedded magnet; in other embodiments, at least a portion of the removable spacer is a ferromagnetic material, etc. When not in use, this spacer may be stored in a storage cavity located in the healthy hip, the diseased hip, the base cover, etc.

FIGS.1A,1B,1C and1Ddepict front, left oblique, right oblique and top views, respectively, of demonstration model100, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Support110includes base111, cover112, and vertical member113. Cover112may define a cylindrical (or other shape) recess114with a surface that is configured to receive femoral implant170. The surface may include at least one embedded magnet to releasably secure femoral implant170within recess114. Cover112may also define a spherical (or other shape) recess115with a surface that is configured to receive ball socket insert180. The surface may include at least one embedded magnet to releasably secure ball socket insert180within recess115. Cover112may depict the name of the modeled surgical procedure, the name of the customer (practice, vendor, etc.), etc.

In certain embodiments, base111and vertical member113are wood, and cover112is plastic, which may be formed by 3D printing, injection molding, etc. In other embodiments, all of the components are plastic, wood, aluminum, etc.

FIGS.2A and2Bdepict front and rear views, respectively, of healthy femur150, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Healthy femur150includes stem151and head152with one or more embedded magnets (not visible) that that couple head152to the hip socket of healthy hip130.

FIG.3Adepicts a front view of diseased femur160with removable proximal portion162, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS.3B and3Cdepict font and rear views, respectively, of diseased femur160without removable proximal portion162, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Stem161includes upper inclined surface163that provides an interface for the lower surface of removable proximal portion162, and is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. Stem161and upper inclined surface163define canal or recess165with a cylindrical surface in which the stem of femoral implant170may be inserted. The cylindrical surface may include one or more embedded magnets to secure femoral implant170within recess165.

Upper inclined surface163includes one or more embedded magnets (two in the depicted embodiment) that cooperate with embedded magnets on the lower surface of proximal portion162to secure proximal portion162to upper inclined surface163of diseased femur160. Upper inclined surface163may also include one or more indentations, holes or recesses166(two in the depicted embodiment) to receive cooperating locating pins protruding from the lower surface of proximal portion162to align proximal portion162on upper inclined surface163of diseased femur160.

FIGS.4A and4Bdepict top and bottom views, respectively, of proximal portion162of diseased femur160, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Proximal portion162has an upper surface167and lower surface169. Upper surface167includes one or more embedded magnets164(two visible through lower surface169in this embodiment) that couple proximal portion162to the hip socket of diseased hip140. Lower surface169includes one or more embedded magnets (two depicted in this embodiment) that couple proximal portion162to upper inclined surface163of diseased femur160, and one or more locating pins168(two depicted in this embodiment) protruding therefrom that align proximal portion162on upper inclined surface163of diseased femur160.

Diseased hip140depicts a hip with advanced osteoarthritis (e.g., proliferative bone spurs). Diseased hip140is very shallow and depicts the ongoing poor strength and stability of a dysplastic hip as it develops osteoarthritis. Proximal portion162, representing the femoral head and neck of diseased femur160, may be removed to demonstrate surgical removal of the femoral head and neck associated with femoral head and neck ostectomy surgery as well as the femoral portion of total hip replacement surgery.

FIG.5Adepicts a side view of femoral implant170, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Femoral implant170includes stem171, neck173and head172with one or more embedded magnets (not visible) that that couple head172to the hip socket of diseased hip140. Femoral implant170may be grey in color to simulate the titanium of a true implant.

FIG.5Bdepicts a front view of diseased femur160with femoral implant170, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Femoral implant170has been inserted into recess165of stem161of diseased femur160and magnetically secured therein. Other coupling mechanisms are also supported, such as, for example, a press fit, etc. While embedded magnets164and locating pin(s)168are visible, these components not used in this configuration. When not in use, femoral implant170may be stored in recess114in base111.

FIGS.6A and6Bdepict top and bottom views, respectively, of removable socket insert142, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Socket insert142has convex spherical inner surface143, convex spherical outer surface145with embedded magnet144, and tab146. Socket insert142is removably attached within the socket of diseased hip140, and couples either upper surface167of proximal portion162or head172of femoral implant170to the hip socket of diseased hip140. Socket insert142is magnetically coupled to one or more embedded magnets with the socket of diseased hip140. Tab146is configured to engage cutout149in the perimeter of recess148(seeFIG.11A).

Socket insert142generally represents the amount of material that is removed during the pelvic portion of total hip replacement surgery. When not in use, socket insert142may be stored in recess115in base111.

FIGS.7A and7Bdepict top and bottom views, respectively, of removable ball socket insert180, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Ball socket insert180(also known as a pelvic implant or cup) has convex spherical inner surface182, convex spherical outer surface183with embedded magnet184, and tab186. Ball socket insert180is removably attached within the socket of diseased hip140, and couples head172of femoral implant170to the hip socket of diseased hip140. Ball socket insert180is magnetically coupled to one or more embedded magnets with the socket of diseased hip140. Tab186is configured to engage cutout149in the perimeter of recess148(seeFIG.11A).

Ball socket insert180may have grey and white portions to simulate the titanium and plastic of a true implant. When not in use, ball socket insert180may be stored in recess115in base111.

FIG.8Adepicts a front isometric view of demonstration model100showing hip socket or recess136in healthy hip130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Generally, healthy hip130has a body that defines recess136which has a surface with one or more embedded magnets134and a perimeter with cutout138. Recess136is configured to receive and secure head152of healthy femur150or removable spacer190.

FIG.8Bdepicts a front isometric view of demonstration model100showing removable spacer190disposed in recess136in healthy hip130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Tab196of removable spacer190has engaged cutout138in the perimeter of recess136.

FIGS.9A and9Bdepict top and bottom views, respectively, of removable spacer190, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Removable spacer190includes one or more embedded magnets (not visible) to magnetically engage embedded magnet(s)134within the surface of recess136. Removable spacer190also include tab196to engage cutout138in the perimeter of recess136.

FIG.10Adepicts a rear view of demonstration model100showing storage cavity147for removable spacer190, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Generally, diseased hip140has a body that defines storage cavity147which has a surface with one or more embedded magnets144and a perimeter with cutout149. Storage cavity147is configured to receive and removable spacer190. Storage cavity may also be located in healthy hip130or cover112.

FIG.10Bdepicts rear view of demonstration model100showing removable spacer190disposed in storage cavity147located in diseased hip140, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Tab196of removable spacer190has engaged cutout141in the perimeter of storage cavity147.

FIG.11Adepicts a front isometric view of demonstration model100showing hip socket or recess148in diseased hip140, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Generally, diseased hip140has a body that defines recess148which has a surface with one or more embedded magnets144and a perimeter with cutout149. Recess148is configured to receive socket insert142, which couples proximal portion162of diseased femur160or head172of femur implant170to diseased hip140. Recess148is also configured to receive ball socket insert180, which couples head172of femur implant170to diseased hip140.

FIG.11Bdepicts a front isometric view of demonstration model100showing head172of femoral implant170coupled to ball socket insert180in diseased hip140, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

Tab186of ball socket insert180has engaged cutout149in the perimeter of recess148, and femoral implant170has been inserted within diseased femur160.

FIGS.12A,12B and12Cdepict front, rear and oblique views, respectively, of demonstration model100with femoral implant170, ball socket insert180, and removable spacer190, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

The hips of the total hip replacement demonstration model can be rotated at any position attainable by the dog hip they represent. Additionally, the total hip replacement demonstration model transforms between an injured, pre-operative state, and the post-operative state. For example, the detachable proximal (upper) portion of the diseased femur can be removed and replaced by the femoral implant to demonstrate femoral head and neck ostectomy surgery. Additionally, the detachable proximal (upper) portion of the diseased femur can be removed and replaced by the femoral implant, and the socket insert (center portion) of the diseased hip socket can be removed and replaced by the ball socket insert (pelvic implant) to demonstrate how total hip replacement surgery improves the function of the hip from its pre-operative state to its post-operative state.

In many embodiments, healthy hip130and diseased hip140, socket insert142, healthy femur150, disease femur160and proximal portion162, femoral implant170, ball socket insert180, and spacer190are plastic formed by 3D printing, a set of molds, etc. Other materials are also supported, such as wood, aluminum, etc.

Advantageously, the total hip replacement demonstration model illustrates, inter alia:the normal action of the hip and the normal role of the pelvis and femur;the dysfunction caused by a shallow, dysplastic hip;the progression to osteoarthritis; andthe steps of treatment via femoral head and neck ostectomy surgery or total hip replacement surgery surgical procedures, and how the procedures restore the stability of the hip.

The total hip replacement demonstration model includes hidden magnets that allow both femurs to remain coupled to their respective hips, i.e., either with the removable spacer in place, or with the removable spacer removed; with the detachable upper portion of the second femur present, or with the femoral implant present; and with the removeable center portion of the second hip socket present, or with the pelvic implant present.

The following embodiments are combinable.

One embodiment is a three-dimensional model for demonstrating an osteotomy surgical procedure, including a support, a hip, attached to the support, including a body defining a socket having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, a spacer, removably couplable to the socket surface, including at least one embedded magnet, and a femur, including a stem, and a head, including at least one embedded magnet, configured to cooperate with the socket surface or the spacer to removably couple the femur to the hip.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where when the spacer is not coupled to the socket surface, the hip is arranged in a healthy hip state, and when the spacer is coupled to the socket surface, the hip is arranged in a shallow dysplastic hip state.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional where the hip body further defines a storage cavity having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, and the spacer is removably couplable to the storage cavity surface.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the support includes a base, a vertical member attached to the base and the hip, and a cover that defines at least a storage cavity having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, and the spacer is removably couplable to the storage cavity surface.

One embodiment is a three-dimensional model for demonstrating an osteotomy surgical procedure, including a support, a hip, attached to the support, including a body defining a socket having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, a socket insert, removably couplable to the socket surface, including at least one embedded magnet, and a femur, including a stem including an upper surface having at least one embedded magnet, and a body defining a recess including a surface with at least one embedded magnet, and a proximal portion including an upper surface having at least one embedded magnet, and a lower surface having at least one embedded magnet, where the proximal portion lower surface is configured to cooperate with the stem upper surface to removably couple the proximal portion to the stem, and where the proximal portion upper surface is configured to cooperate with the socket insert to removably couple the femur to the hip.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model, further including a femoral implant including a head having at least one embedded magnet, and a shaft having at least one embedded magnet, where the femoral implant is configured to replace the femur proximal portion, where the femoral implant shaft is configured to cooperate with the femur body recess surface to removably couple the femoral implant to the femur stem, and where the femoral implant head is configured to cooperate with the socket insert to removably couple the femur to the hip.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where a ball socket insert, removably couplable to the hip body socket surface, including at least one embedded magnet, where the ball socket insert is configured to replace the socket insert, and where the femoral implant head is configured to cooperate with the ball socket insert to removably couple the femur to the hip.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where when the socket insert is coupled to the hip body socket surface and the proximal portion is coupled to the femur stem, the hip is arranged in an osteoarthritis state, and when the ball socket insert is coupled to the hip body socket surface and the femoral implant is coupled to the femur stem, the hip is arranged in a total hip replacement state.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the support includes a base, a vertical member attached to the base and the hip, and a cover that defines at least one storage cavity having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, and the femoral implant is removably couplable to the storage cavity surface.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the support includes a base, a vertical member attached to the base and the hip, and a cover that defines at least one storage cavity having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, and the ball socket insert is removably couplable to the storage cavity surface.

One embodiment is a three-dimensional model for demonstrating an osteotomy surgical procedure, including a support, a healthy hip, attached to the support, including a body defining a socket having a surface, a diseased hip, attached to the support, including a body defining a socket having a surface, a healthy femur removably couplable to the healthy hip, a diseased femur, removably couplable to the diseased hip, including a removable proximal portion, a spacer removably couplable to the healthy hip socket surface, a socket insert removably couplable to the diseased hip socket surface, a ball socket insert, removably couplable to the diseased hip socket surface, configured to replace the socket insert; and a femoral implant, removably couplable to the diseased femur, configured to replace the diseased femur proximal portion.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the spacer includes at least one embedded magnet the healthy hip socket surface includes at least one embedded magnet; and the healthy femur includes a stem, and a head, including at least one embedded magnet, configured to cooperate with the healthy hip socket surface or the spacer to removably couple the healthy femur to the healthy hip.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where when the spacer is not coupled to the healthy hip socket surface, the healthy hip is arranged in a healthy hip state, and when the spacer is coupled to the healthy hip socket surface, the healthy hip is arranged in a shallow dysplastic hip state.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the socket insert includes at least one embedded magnet, the diseased hip socket surface includes at least one embedded magnet, the diseased femur further includes a stem including an upper surface having at least one embedded magnet, and a body defining a recess including a surface with at least one embedded magnet; and the diseased femur proximal portion includes a lower surface, having at least one embedded magnet, configured to cooperate with the diseased femur stem upper surface to removably couple the diseased femur proximal portion to the diseased femur stem, and an upper surface, having at least one embedded magnet, configured to cooperate with the socket insert to removably couple the diseased femur to the diseased hip.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the femoral implant includes a head having at least one embedded magnet, and a shaft having at least one embedded magnet, the femoral implant is configured to replace the diseased femur proximal portion, the femoral implant shaft is configured to cooperate with the diseased femur recess surface to removably couple the femoral implant to the diseased femur stem, and the femoral implant head is configured to cooperate with the socket insert to removably couple the diseased femur to the diseased hip.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the ball socket insert includes at least one embedded magnet; and the femoral implant head is configured to cooperate with the ball socket insert to removably couple the diseased femur to the diseased hip.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where when the socket insert is coupled to the diseased hip socket surface and the diseased femur proximal portion is coupled to the diseased femur stem, the diseased hip is arranged in an osteoarthritis state; and when the ball socket insert is coupled to the diseased hip socket surface and the femoral implant is coupled to the diseased femur stem, the diseased hip is arranged in a total hip replacement state.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the healthy hip body or the diseased hip body defines a storage cavity having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, and the spacer is removably couplable to the storage cavity surface.

Another embodiment is the three-dimensional model according to claim11, where the support includes a base, a vertical member attached to the base, the healthy hip and the diseased hip, and a cover that defines at least one storage cavity having a surface including at least one embedded magnet, and the femoral implant is removably couplable to one storage cavity surface.

A further embodiment is the three-dimensional model where the ball socket insert is removably couplable to another storage cavity surface.

While implementations of the disclosure are susceptible to embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an example of the principles of the disclosure and not intended to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description above, like reference numerals may be used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings.