Wavelength conversion laser apparatus with tunable fiber Bragg grating

A grating is provided in an optical fiber for adjusting the wavelength of an output light from the optical resonator which consists mainly of a semiconductor light emitting device and the optical fiber to be slightly shorter than a wavelength range of an input light where the wavelength range of an input light can be converted by a wavelength conversion device. As the grating is adjustably expanded with a knob control being turned, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator is modified to be matched with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. Any change in the center wavelength of the input light wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device which results from a variation in the temperature can be counteracted by a heat-sensitive expandable lead screw expanding to increase the length of the grating in the optical fiber and thus adjust the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator composed of the semiconductor light emitting device and the optical fiber.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a Solid laser apparatus and more particularly to a wavelength conversion laser apparatus arranged for adjusting a wavelength of an output light released from an optical resonator to match with a wavelength range of an input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by a wavelength conversion device when the wavelength of the output light released from the optical resonator is not matched with the wavelength range of an input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. The invention also relates to a wavelength conversion laser apparatus arranged for maintaining its output stable regardless of a change in the temperature of its wavelength conversion device.

PRIOR ART

A laser module has been known which has an optical resonator composed of a semiconductor light emitting device and an optical fiber with a grating provided therein (for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No.3120828).

Also, a technique is known in which while an optical fiber is secured by a heat-sensitive expandable member at two locations between which a grating is installed, the grating is driven by the heat-sensitive expandable member to expand and counteract a change in its refractive index which results from temperature variation, whereby the wavelength of light reflected from the grating can be maintained constant or substantially constant regardless of any change in the temperature (for example, as depicted in “Development of an optical fiber grating for a WDM system” by Ikuo Ohta et al., Furukawa Denko Proceeding Vol. 104, July 1999, pp. 63–68).

Moreover, a wavelength conversion device is known which releases a harmonic of the input light (for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3223648).

Accordingly, a wavelength conversion laser apparatus may be proposed which comprises the laser module of the Publication 3120828 and the wavelength conversion device of the Publication 3223648.

It may be contemplated that the wavelength conversion laser apparatus is provided with the technology depicted in “Development of an optical fibber grating for a WDM system” whereby the wavelength of an input light received by the wavelength conversion device can be maintained constant regardless of any change in the temperature.

However, while the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device is as small as about 0.1 nm, the center wavelength of light reflected from the grating may be varied, due to an error in the manufacturing of the grating, greater than the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. As the result, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator will hardly be matched with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device, hence declining the yield of the wavelength conversion laser apparatus. In addition, the center wavelength of the input light received by the wavelength conversion device is varied with the temperature of the same. Moreover, the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device is as small as about 0.1 nm. It is thus difficult to maintain the output of the wavelength conversion device constant when a change in the temperature of the wavelength conversion device occurs with a constant wavelength of the input light.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a wavelength conversion laser apparatus which can adjust a wavelength of an output light from an optical resonator to match with a wavelength range of an input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by a wavelength conversion device when the wavelength of the output light released from the optical resonator is not matched with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

It is a secondary object of the present invention to provide a wavelength conversion laser apparatus which can release its output maintained stable regardless of any change in the temperature of the wavelength conversion device.

As a first feature of the present invention, a wavelength conversion laser apparatus is provided comprising a semiconductor light emitting device, an optical fiber having a grating provided therein, a wavelength conversion device for receiving an input light from an optical resonator which consists mainly of the semiconductor light emitting device and the optical fiber and releasing a harmonic of the input light, and a grating expanding means for expanding the grating in its lengthwise direction to match the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

The wavelength L [m] of light reflected from the grating is expressed by:
L=2*n*D(1)
where n is the effective index of refraction of the grating and D [m] is the period of the grating. Accordingly, the wavelength L [m] of light reflected from the grating can be increased by expanding the grating and thus increasing its period D [m].

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the first feature allows the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator to be forcefully elongated by expanding the grating in the lengthwise direction when it is shorter than the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device, whereby the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can be adjusted to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. Even though the grating creates a-variation in the center wavelength of light reflected therefrom due to its manufacturing error, its length can be expanded to forcefully elongate the wavelength of the output light released from the optical resonator and thus counteract the variation. As the result, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can be adjusted to match with the wavelength of the input light received by the wavelength conversion device, hence improving the yield of the wavelength conversion laser apparatus. As a second feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the grating expanding means comprises a base having a first retainer provided for securing the optical fiber, a movable nut arranged for slidably moving on the base and having a second retainer provided for securing the optical fiber, a lead screw threaded with the movable nut, and a rotating means for rotating the lead screw.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the second feature allows the grating to be expanded in the lengthwise direction by the lead screw being turned when the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator fails to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. Accordingly, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can forcefully be adjusted to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

As a third feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the grating expanding means comprises a bar-like heat-sensitive expandable member for securing the optical fiber at two locations between which the grating is installed and a heating means for heating the heat-sensitive expandable member to increase the distance including the grating between the two locations.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the third feature allows the grating to be expanded in the lengthwise direction by heating and elongating the heat-sensitive expandable member when the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator fails to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. Accordingly, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can forcefully be adjusted to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

As a fourth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the heat-sensitive expandable member comprises two or more materials which are different in the linear expansion coefficient and are bonded to each other.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the fourth feature allows the linear expansion coefficient to be set to a desired level because of a combination of the two materials, such as stainless steel and copper, which are different in the linear expansion coefficient.

As a fifth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the grating expanding means comprises a heat-sensitive expandable member of a ring or disk shape having an outer side thereof arranged on which a portion of the optical fiber including the grating is wound and a heating means for heating the heat-sensitive expandable member to expand the outer side. The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the fifth feature allows the optical fiber to be protected from receiving any unwanted local stress.

As a sixth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the grating expanding means comprises a bar-like piezoelectric member arranged to secure the optical fiber at two locations between which the grating is installed and a voltage impressing means for supplying the piezoelectric member with a voltage to increase the distance between the two locations.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the sixth feature allows the grating to be expanded in the lengthwise direction by applying with a voltage and elongating the piezoelectric member when the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator fails to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device. Accordingly, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can forcefully be adjusted to match with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

As a seventh feature of the present invention, a wavelength conversion laser apparatus is provided comprising a semiconductor light emitting device, an optical fiber having a grating provided therein, a wavelength conversion device for receiving an input light from an optical resonator which consists mainly of the semiconductor light emitting device and the optical fiber and releasing a harmonic of the input light, and a resonant wavelength adjusting means for adjusting the wavelength of the light from the optical resonator in accordance with the temperature so as to maintain the harmonic of the light from the wavelength conversion device constant or substantially constant regardless of a change in the temperature of the wavelength conversion device.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the seventh feature allows the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator to be adjusted to counteract any change, which may result from temperature variation in the wavelength conversion device, in the center wavelength of the input light range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device, hence maintaining its output stable regardless of any change in the temperature.

As an eighth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the resonant wavelength adjusting means is a grating expanding means for expanding the grating in its lengthwise direction.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the eighth feature allows the grating to be expanded in the lengthwise direction by the grating expanding means in response to a change in the temperature of the wavelength conversion device. Accordingly, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can be adjusted to counteract a change in the center wavelength of the input light range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

As a ninth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the grating expanding means is a bar-like heat-sensitive expandable member which secures the optical fiber at two locations between which the grating is located.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the ninth feature allows the grating expanding means to be decreased in the overall size. As a tenth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the grating expanding means is a heat-sensitive expandable member of a ring or disk shape having an outer side thereof arranged on which a portion of the optical fiber including the grating is wound.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the tenth feature allows the optical fiber to be protected from receiving any unwanted local stress.

As an eleventh feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the heat-sensitive expandable member has a linear expansion coefficient of 5*10−5[K−1]−6*10−5[K−1].

Assuming that the wavelength of the input light at a wavelength ranging from 900 [nm] to 1100 [nm] released from the optical resonator can be converted by the wavelength conversion device which has an optical waveguide made of a nonlinear optical crystal such as lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, or their MgO doped form, the thermally changing rate of the wavelength of the input light which can be converted by the wavelength conversion device is substantially 0.06 [nm/K]. It is then desired that the thermally changing rate of the output light released from the optical resonator is substantially 0.06 [nm/K].

The wavelength L [m] of light reflected from the grating is expressed by:
L=2*n*D(1)
where n is the effective index of refraction of the grating and D [m] is the period of the grating. Then, the thermally changing rate ∂L/∂T of the wavelength L of light reflected from the grating is calculated from:

∂L∂T=2*(D*∂n∂T+n*∂D∂T)=2*n*D⁢{(1n)⁢(∂n∂T)+(1D)⁢(∂D∂T)}(2)
Then, when the linear expansion coefficient of the grating is A, established is
A=(1/D)(∂D/∂T)  (3)
Therefore, using the equations (1), (2), and (3), the thermally changing rate is expressed as:
∂L/∂T=L*{(1/n) (∂n/∂T)+A}(4)
By substituting the thermally changing rate ∂L/∂T of the wavelength ∂L/∂T=0.06 [nm/K], the wavelength L=1000 nm, the effective index of refraction n=1.5, and the temperature coefficient ∂n/∂T of the effective index of refraction ∂n/∂T=9*10−6[K−1] in the equation (4), the linear expansion coefficient A is:
A=54*10−6[K−1]
The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the eleventh feature allows the heat-sensitive expandable member to have a linear expansion coefficient of 5*10−5[K−1]−6*10−5[K−1]. Since the grating which collaborates with the heat-sensitive expandable member is equal in the linear expansion coefficient to the heat-sensitive expandable member, it can substantially match the linear expansion coefficient A. As the result, the wavelength of the output light released from the optical resonator can be matched in the thermally changing rate with the wavelength range of the input light where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device.

As a twelfth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the heat-sensitive expandable member is made of a plastic material.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the twelfth feature allows the linear expansion coefficient to be set to a desired level with the use of a plastic material selected from ABS resin, PPS resin, PBT resin, liquid crystal polymer, epoxy resin, and their additive doped materials.

As a thirteenth feature of the present invention, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus described above may be modified in which the heat-sensitive expandable member comprises two or more materials which are different in the linear expansion coefficient and are bonded to each other.

The wavelength conversion laser apparatus of the thirteenth feature allows the linear expansion coefficient to be set to a desired level with the use of a combination of two materials, such as stainless steel and copper, which are different in the linear expansion coefficient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED

Embodiments

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described referring to the relevant drawings. It would however be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus100comprises an optical amplifier semiconductor device1having a function for generating and amplifying a light through feeding a space between the light reflecting side and the light emitting side with a current, a lens2for converging the light emitted from the optical amplifier semiconductor device1, an optical fiber3having a grating6installed therein, a lens4for converging the light emitted from the optical fiber3, a wavelength conversion device5for emitting a second harmonic light of the input light, and a grating expanding mechanism20A having a first retainer14and a second retainer15for fixedly securing the optical fiber3at two locations between which the grating6is installed.

The optical fiber3is fixedly secured by adhesive bonding or soldering to the first retainer14and the second retainer15.

The optical amplifier semiconductor device1and the optical fiber3constitute an optical resonator. In action, the light emitted from the optical amplifier semiconductor device1is converged by the lens2and received by a core at the input end of the optical fiber3.

The input light received by the core of the optical fiber3is reflected at a specific wavelength determined by the grating6and returned back to the optical amplifier semiconductor device1where it is amplified before released and received again by the core of the optical fiber3. This is repeated and finally the light at the specific wavelength determined by the grating6is released from the core at the output end of the optical fiber3.

The light released from the core at the output end of the optical fiber3is then converged by the lens4and received by one end of the optical waveguide in the wavelength conversion device5where it is converted into a second harmonic which is then released from the other end of the optical waveguide.

The grating expanding mechanism20A comprises a base21, a movable nut22arranged for slidably moving on the base21, a lead screw23A treaded with the movable nut22, and a driving unit24for rotating the lead screw23A using a hand or a tool. The first retainer14is mounted to the base21while the second retainer15is mounted to the movable nut22.

As the lead screw23A is rotated with the driving unit24, the movable nut22slides on and along the base21to change the distance between the first retainer14and the second retainer15. Accordingly, the grating6expands to shift the wavelength of the light reflected from the grating6or the wavelength of a light released from the optical resonator.

The optical fiber3can be expanded with no external force being applied but hardly be contracted.

For compensation, the grating6is preset so that the wavelength of the light released from the optical resonator is slightly shorter than the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5. By the grating6being expanded with the driving unit24, the wavelength of the light released from the optical resonator can be adjusted to a length convertible in the wavelength conversion device5.

This allows the output light released from the optical resonator to be matched in the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5, regardless of unwanted variations in the center wavelength of the reflection light from the grating6which may result from manufacturing errors in the grating6. Accordingly, the manufacturing efficiency of the apparatus can be improved.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus200shown inFIG. 2is provided in which the grating expanding mechanism20in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus100of the first embodiment is replaced by a combination of a heat-sensitive expandable member11and a heater31.

The first retainer14and the second retainer15to which the optical fiber3is fixedly secured by adhesive bonding or soldering is joined to the heat-sensitive expandable member11.

The heat-sensitive expandable member11may be made of a plastic material selected from ABS resin, PPS resin, PBT resin, liquid crystal polymer, epoxy polymer, and their additive doped plastic materials having a desired level of the linear expansion coefficient.

The heater31is thermally controlled. With the optical fiber3being urged by no external stress, the grating6is preset so that the wavelength of the output light released from the optical resonator is slightly shorter than the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5. When the heat-sensitive expandable member11is heated by the heater31, it expands to increase the distance between the first retainer14and the second retainer15. This increases the length of the grating6thus allowing the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator to be matched with the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus300shown inFIG. 3is provided in which the heat-sensitive expandable member11in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus200of the second embodiment is replaced by another heat-sensitive expandable member12which consists of two different linear expansion coefficient materials16and17bonded to each other to have a desired level of the linear expansion coefficient.

The heat-sensitive expandable member12is arranged in which the material17located further from the optical fiber3is smaller in the linear expansion coefficient than the other material16located close to the optical fiber3. For example, the material16is copper while the material17is stainless steel, both forming a bimetal structure. Alternatively, a bimetal structure may be provided where the material16is aluminum and the material17is stainless steel.

As described, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus300like the wavelength conversion laser apparatus200of the second embodiment allows the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator to be matched with the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus400shown inFIG. 4is provided in which the heat-sensitive expandable member11and the heater31in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus200of the second embodiment are replaced by an annular heat-sensitive expandable member13and a heater32provided in the annular shape. More specifically, a portion of the optical fiber3including the grating6is wound on the outer side of the annular heat-sensitive expandable member13. Alternatively, the heat-sensitive expandable member13may be arranged of a disk shape to which the heater32is coupled.

The annular heat-sensitive expandable member13may be made of one of the plastic materials described with the second embodiment.

When the annular heat-sensitive expandable member13is heated by the heater32, it expands at the outer side. This increases the wound portion of the optical fiber3including the grating6. Accordingly, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can be adjusted to match with the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus500shown inFIG. 5is provided in which the heat-sensitive expandable member11and the heater31in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus200of the second embodiment are replaced by a bar-like piezoelectric member41and a voltage impressing device42for applying a voltage to expand the piezoelectric member41.

When the piezoelectric member41is supplied with a voltage by the voltage impressing device42, it expands in a direction of the voltage application due to the longitudinal effect of inverse piezoelectric action. This increases the length of a portion of the optical fiber3including the grating6. Accordingly, the wavelength of the output light from the optical resonator can be adjusted to match with the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus600shown inFIG. 6is substantially identical in the arrangement to the wavelength conversion laser apparatus500of the fifth embodiment. In particular, the piezoelectric member41can be expanded by the transversal effect of inverse piezoelectric action in a direction orthogonal to the voltage applying direction.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus700shown inFIG. 7comprises an optical amplifier semiconductor device1for feeding a current to a space between the light reflecting side and the light emitting side to generate and amplify a beam of light, a lens2for converging the light emitted from the optical amplifier semiconductor device1, an optical fiber3having a grating6provided therein, a lens4for converging the light released from the optical fiber3, and a wavelength conversion device5for releasing second harmonic of the input light, and a bar-like heat-sensitive expandable member11having a first retainer14and a second retainer15arranged for fixedly securing the optical fiber3at two locations between which the grating6is installed. The wavelength conversion device5and the heat-sensitive expandable member11are adapted to be equal in the temperature.

The optical fiber3is fixedly secured by adhesive bonding or soldering to the first retainer14and the second retainer15.

The optical amplifier semiconductor device1and the optical fiber3constitute an optical resonator. In action, the light released from the optical amplifier semiconductor device1is converged by the lens2and received by a core at one end of the optical fiber3. The light received by the core of the optical fiber3is reflected at a specific wavelength determined by the grating6and returned back to the optical amplifier semiconductor device1where it is amplified. The amplified light released again from the optical amplifier semiconductor device1is received by the core at one end of the optical fiber3. This is repeated and finally, the light at the wavelength determined by the grating6is released from the core at the other end of the optical fiber3.

The light released from the core at the output end of the optical fiber3is then converged by the lens4and received by one end of the optical waveguide in the wavelength conversion device5where it is converted into a second harmonic which is then released from the other end of the optical waveguide.

It is assumed that the light released from the optical resonator which has a wavelength ranging from 900 [nm] to 1100 [nm] is converted by the wavelength conversion device5which is arranged of a nonlinear optical crystal, such as lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, or their MgO doped form, subjected to inversion of the polarization at given periods in the direction of light propagation for quasi phase matching at the wavelength ranging from 900 [nm] to 1100 [nm] and equipped with an optical waveguide for transmission of the light at a single mode. Then, the heat-sensitive expandable member11is prepared to have a linear expansion coefficient of 5*10−5[K−1]−6*10−5[K−1]. More specifically, the heat-sensitive expandable member11is made of a plastic material selected from ABS resin, PPS resin, PBT resin, liquid crystal polymer, epoxy resin, and their additive doped materials having a desired level of the linear expansion coefficient.

This allows the thermally changing rate of the output light released from the optical resonator to be matched with the thermally changing rate of the input light wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

More particularly, even if the center wavelength of the input lightwavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5is varied by the effect of a temperature change in the wavelength conversion device5, its change can be counteracted by the grating6increasing its length and modifying the wavelength of the output light released from the optical resonator. Accordingly, the output of the wavelength conversion device5remains stable regardless of its temperature change.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus800shown inFIG. 8is provided in which the heat-sensitive expandable member11in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus700of the seventh embodiment is replaced by another heat-sensitive expandable member12which consists of two different linear expansion coefficient materials16and17bonded to each other to have a desired level of the linear expansion coefficient (based on the optical fiber3).

The heat-sensitive expandable member12is arranged in which the material17located further from the optical fiber3is smaller in the linear expansion coefficient than the other material16located close to the optical fiber3. For example, the material16is copper while the material17is stainless steel, both forming a bimetal structure. Alternatively, a bimetal structure may be provided where the material16is aluminum and the material17is stainless steel.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus900shown inFIG. 9is provided in which the bar-like heat-sensitive expander member11in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus700of the seventh embodiment is replaced by a disk-shaped heat-sensitive expandable member13. In particular, a portion of the optical fiber3including the grating6is wound on the outer side of the disk-shaped heat-sensitive expandable member13. The heat-sensitive expandable member13may be arranged of an annular shape.

The heat-sensitive expandable member13may be made of a plastic material selected from those described with the seventh embodiment.

When the heat-sensitive expandable member13is expanded by heat, the portion of the optical fiber3including the grating6increases its length. This allows the thermally changing rate of the output light released from the optical resonator to be matched with the thermally changing rate of the input light wavelength range where the wavelength of the inputlightcan be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

A wavelength conversion laser apparatus1000shown inFIG. 10is provided in which the bar-like heat-sensitive member11in the wavelength conversion laser apparatus700of the seventh embodiment is replaced by a manually adjustable heat-sensitive mechanism20B.

The manually adjustable heat-sensitive mechanism20B comprises a base21, a movable nut22arranged for slidably moving on the base21, a heat-sensitive expandable lead screw23B treaded with the movable nut22, and a driving unit24for rotating the heat-sensitive expandable lead screw23B using a hand or a tool. A first retainer14is mounted to the base21while a second retainer15is mounted to the movable nut22.

The heat-sensitive expandable lead screw23B has a specific linear expansion coefficient and may be made of a plastic material selected from those described with the seventh embodiment.

The wavelength conversion device5and the heat-sensitive expandable lead screw23B are arranged to be equal in the temperature.

As the heat-sensitive expandable lead screw23B is rotated with the driving unit24, the movable nut22slides on and along the base21to change the distance between the first retainer14and the second retainer15. Accordingly, the grating6expands to shift the wavelength of the light reflected from the grating6or the wavelength of a light released from the optical resonator.

For compensation, the driving unit24is preset so that the wavelength of the light released from the optical resonator is equal to the wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

When the wavelength conversion device5is thermally stressed, the heat-sensitive expandable lead screw23B expands to change the distance between the first retainer14and the second retainer15. Accordingly, the thermally changing rate of the output light released from the optical resonator can be matched with the thermally changing rate of the input light wavelength range where the wavelength of the input light can be converted by the wavelength conversion device5.

Moreover, the wavelength conversion laser apparatus1000allows the wavelength of the reflected light from the grating6to be modified by hand and can thus be handled with much ease.