Method for removing indicators from hangers

A method for automatically removing an indicator from a garment hanger having a resilient indicator attachment includes segregating a selected indicator and hanger from a group of hangers flexing the resilient indicator attachment mechanism to disengage the indicator mechanism from the indicator and removing the indicator form the hanger.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
 This invention relates to improvements in indicator attachment mechanisms
 for molded plastic hangers, such as garment hangers and to a method and
 apparatus for removing indicators from garment hangers.
 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 For purposes of displaying garments suspended on hangers in an orderly and
 attractive manner to the retail customer, it is often desired to affix an
 indicating means on the hanger in a position visible to the retail
 customer while the hanger is suspended on a rack. The indicating means
 identifies some attribute of the garment suspended from the hanger, such
 as size, quality, color, manufacturing data, or pattern.
 The provision of a readily visible size indicator on a garment hanger is
 now accepted by retailers as a desirable addition to a garment hanger. To
 accommodate the various types of hangers available in the industry
 numerous indicating means have been developed in a variety of shapes,
 sizes and materials. Similarly, hangers have been developed to accommodate
 a variety of different indicating means.
 In Australian Patent No. 638436 and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 5,388,354,
 assigned to the assignee of the present invention, a low-profile molded
 plastic indicator for a garment hanger which requires limited modification
 to the hook of the hanger to enable the indicator to be securely attached
 to the top of the hook where it is most visible is described. The
 improvements described in the above patents overcame the major
 disadvantages of one type of indicator (trapezium-shaped) described in
 U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,902 which required a specially molded hook profile to
 support the indicator.
 The indicator according to Australian Patent No. 638436 and U.S. Pat. No.
 5,388,354 is also designed to enable sorting into a predetermined
 orientation to enable automated handling and fitting of the indicators to
 hangers as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,272,806 and 5,285,566 which are
 assigned to the assignee of the present invention. For these reasons, the
 indicator has enjoyed considerable commercial success.
 The indicator is retained on the hook by means of at least one abutment
 projecting from the hook which engages an aperture in the side wall of the
 indicator. While it is possible to disengage the indicator from the
 abutment(s) by bowing the side walls in the regions of the apertures, this
 is a difficult operation and often results in some damage to the indicator
 or to the hanger.
 Furthermore, it is increasingly common for customers to require that the
 indicator be removable from the hanger for re-use with other sized
 garments or re-location and the attachment mechanism described above does
 not readily facilitate this operation. It is, of course, equally necessary
 for the indicator to remain securely attached to the hanger during the
 usual handling operations to which the hanger is subjected in day to day
 use.
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
 improved indicator attachment mechanism which securely fastens an
 indicator to a hanger but which permits removal of the indicator in a
 simple operation that reduces the likelihood of damage to the indicator or
 to the hanger.
 The invention therefore provides a molded plastic hanger having an
 indicator attachment device, wherein the hanger has a hook formed with an
 upstanding web to be received within a downwardly opening cavity of a
 molded plastic indicator, and attachment means formed on the web to engage
 and releasably secure the indicator to the web.
 In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the indicator has side walls
 formed with at least one aperture adapted to receive the attachment means.
 The attachment means preferably comprises a resilient detent means which
 is formed in said upstanding web and has a laterally projecting portion
 positioned to engage the side wall aperture of the indicator to prevent
 removal of the indicator from the hook. The resilient detent means also
 enables the laterally projecting portion to be disengaged from the opening
 to facilitate removal of the indicator from the hook without damage to the
 indicator or to the hook.
 In use, as will be described more fully below, the laterally projecting
 portion is disengaged from the side wall by inserting a probe or pin
 through the side wall aperture to displace the laterally projecting
 portion from the aperture to thereby release the indicator from the hook.
 In a particularly preferred embodiment, the detent means comprises a
 downwardly depending leg integrally molded within a molded opening in the
 upstanding web and resiliently connected to the web to enable deflection
 of the laterally projecting portion into the plane of the web to
 facilitate removal of the indicator from the web.
 The present invention also relates to a method and apparatus for removing
 indicators from garment hangers.
 The method and apparatus of the present invention provide an extremely
 versatile arrangement which can accommodate virtually all types of
 indicators mounted on the hook of a hanger. The method and system can also
 accommodate a wide variety of hanger types.
 Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a system which
 includes: a first means for receiving an indicator affixed to a hanger; a
 second means for securing said hanger for removal of the indicator;
 actuating means for driving the first and second means upwardly and
 downwardly; and means for ejecting the indicator. After the indicator is
 ejected the first plate is driven downwardly to its lower position and the
 apparatus automatically repeats the operation.
 In one embodiment the first means includes a first plate defining a recess,
 such that the indicator affixed to the hanger is received by the recess.
 The first means preferably further includes a pin positioned to displace
 the indicator attachment mechanism.
 In operation, the actuating means drives the first plate downwardly to
 receive the indicator in the recess and then upwardly to remove the
 indicator from the hanger while the hanger is secured by the second means.
 The hangers with indicators affixed thereto can be lined up on a feeding
 rail which is slanted such that the force of gravity drives the indicator
 affixed to the hanger into the recess. In a preferred embodiment the
 second means includes an edge for holding the top region of the hanger to
 prevent the hanger from moving when the indicator is removed by the upward
 movement of the first plate. In a particularly preferred embodiment the
 second means includes a plate which is driven downwardly to separate the
 hanger undergoing the decapping process from the rest of the hangers on
 the feeding rail.
 The first plate of the present embodiment includes a milled out portion
 defining a recess substantially corresponding to the shape and dimensions
 of the indicator such that when the first plate is in its lower position
 gravity forces the foremost indicator into the recess. The first plate
 also includes a pin extending from the recess in a position corresponding
 to the indicator attachment mechanism on the hanger. When the indicator
 engages the recess of the first plate the pin thereby displaces the
 indicator attachment mechanism to release the indicator from the hanger.
 It will be noted that the pin can be positioned in any of several
 positions provided the configuration of the recess configuration is
 substantially to the exterior dimensions of the indicator. Thus, the
 system of the present invention is easily adapted to accommodate a variety
 of indicator configurations.
 To remove the indicator from the hanger the first plate is driven upwardly
 by, for instance, pneumatic cylinder means, when the indicator is resting
 in the recess of the first plate.
 The system further contemplates ejection of the indicator from the recess
 of the first plate. In one embodiment an aperture is defined in the first
 plate and the ejection means generates an air blast that passes through
 the aperture to eject the indicator from the recess. In a preferred
 embodiment the second means further includes a second plate having a
 window through which the indicator passes upon ejection. The window can be
 dimensioned to accommodate a variety of indicator configurations. A
 discharge tube can be attached to said second plate such that upon
 ejection the indicator is removed from the decapping apparatus and
 collected in a separate device.
 It is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for
 manually removing an indicator from a hanger with an indicator attachment
 mechanism. In a preferred embodiment the device includes a plate with at
 least one recess for receiving at least a portion of the indicator. The
 device further includes a pin positioned within the recess such that when
 the indicator rests in the recess the pin releases the indicator
 attachment mechanism. In a particularly preferred embodiment the indicator
 attachment mechanism comprises a resilient detent leg as discussed above
 which the pin depresses to release the indicator from the hanger.
 The device for manually removing the indicators from hangers can include
 through-holes for mounting to a support such that the operator need not
 handle the device while manually decapping the hangers. The device can
 further include more than a single recess and pin such that the device can
 be used in more than one orientation.
 It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for
 removing an indicator from a hanger by inserting a pin defined on a first
 plate into the indicator to displace the indicator attachment mechanism
 and thereby release the indicator from the indicator attachment mechanism.
 The method can be performed either manually or automatically.
 The automated method for removing the indicator from the garment hanger
 comprises: holding a plurality of hangers with indicators affixed thereto;
 selectively engaging one of the indicators; displacing the indicator
 attachment mechanism and removing the indicator from the hanger.
 In one embodiment the method comprises selectively engaging and receiving
 the indicator affixed to a hanger in a recess of a first plate; inserting
 a pin included in the first plate into the indicator to displace the
 indicator attachment mechanism, and removing said indicator from the
 hanger by carrying the indicator upwardly in the first plate. In a second
 embodiment the method further contemplates moving the first plate upwardly
 and aligning said recess with indicator therein with a window in a second
 plate and ejecting the indicator from the recess through the window into a
 discharge tube.
 Before the indicator is selectively engaged the second plate can be driven
 upwardly to permit the indicator affixed to the garment hanger to advance
 along a feeding rail and rest in the recess in the first plate and then
 downwardly to prevent a second indicator affixed to a second hanger in the
 plurality of hangers with indicators from advancing. After the indicator
 is disengaged from the hanger the second plate is moved upwardly to permit
 the second indicator affixed to the second hanger to advance.
 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present method the step of
 displacing the indicator attachment mechanism contemplates depressing a
 resilient detent leg included in the indicator attachment mechanism with a
 pin on the first plate to release the indicator from the hanger.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
 Referring now in detail to the drawings, and to the embodiments depicted in
 FIGS. 1-10, there is illustrated generally a hook 2 adapted to engage a
 rod or other supporting means, with an upwardly projecting web 4 extending
 upwardly above the top contour 2a of hook 2 that engages the rod or other
 supporting device. An opening 6 is defined in said upwardly projecting web
 4 such that upwardly projecting web 4 completely surrounds opening 6. Leg
 8 descends from an upper portion 10 of the upwardly projecting web into
 the opening 6.
 Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment
 of the hook 2 of a molded plastic garment hanger in simplified form which
 in practice typically includes the usual strengthening ribs 12a, 12b shown
 in FIG. 3 around the perimeter of the hook. The hook 2 is formed with a
 flange 14 defining a top region 16, which in a preferred embodiment is
 flattened and slightly larger in peripheral dimensions than the lowermost
 portion of an indicator 18 (shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 10) having side walls
 20, 22 formed with at least one retention aperture 24, 26, as described in
 Australian Patent No. 638436 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,388,354, the contents of
 which are incorporated into this specification by cross-reference. The
 apertures 24, 26 define through-openings which facilitate stacking of the
 indicator 18 with other indicators prior to fitting to a hanger.
 The upstanding web 4 extends centrally from the top region 16 of the hook
 2, and in this embodiment the web 4 is shaped similarly to the shape of
 the cavity of the indicator 18 so as to comfortably fit within that
 cavity. Alternatively, the web 4 can be configured in the manner shown in
 FIGS. 5 and 6 herein or Australian Patent No. 638436. In a preferred
 embodiment the upstanding web is narrow.
 The web 4 is formed with integrally molded indicator attachment means 28.
 In the present embodiment the indicator attachment means includes central
 opening 6 from the upper portion of which a resilient detent leg 8 extends
 downwardly terminating in a laterally projecting portion 30 configured to
 engage one of the apertures 24 or 26 in the side wall of the indicator 18,
 as shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings.
 Since the detent leg 8 is narrow and is resiliently connected to web 4, it
 is easily deflected laterally by means of a probe or pin inserted into the
 aperture 24 or 26 which engages laterally projecting portion 30 to
 displace laterally projecting portion 30 toward the plane of the web to
 clear the aperture 24 or 26 and allow the indicator to be removed from the
 web 4. This operation can be achieved simply and quickly with little or no
 damage to the indicator 18 or the attachment means 28. Nevertheless, while
 the laterally projecting portion 30 remains in the position shown in FIG.
 4 of the drawings, the indicator 18 will remain securely fastened to the
 web 4 and will withstand all usual handling operations to which the hanger
 is usually subjected in day-to-day use.
 To improve the flexibility of the detent leg 8, it can be reduced in
 thickness as shown at 200 in FIG. 4 of the drawings.
 Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 of the drawings, third, fourth and fifth
 embodiments of the invention are shown in which the same reference
 numerals are used to indicate similar parts. In the embodiment of FIGS. 5
 and 7, the resilient detent leg extends angularly from its point of
 attachment to the web 4, as shown most clearly in FIGS. 8 and 9 of the
 drawings, and has a shorter laterally projecting portion 30 formed at its
 free end. The upstanding web 4 of the hook 2 is further formed with a pair
 of ribs 34 on either side of the central semi-circular opening 6 to
 prevent the indicator (not shown in FIGS. 5 and 7) from being
 inadvertently laterally displaced to clear the laterally projecting
 portion 30 which engages the aperture of an indicator similar to that
 shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings. If desired, ribs 34 can be provided in
 the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 of the drawings.
 FIG. 6 illustrates the hook 2 of the present invention in which flange 14
 is integrally formed as part of strengthening rib 12, and extends around
 the perimeter of the hook 2.
 In the present invention the upstanding web 4 formed on the hook 2 of the
 hanger can be shaped and dimensioned similar to the shape of the cavity of
 the indicator 18 so as to comfortably fit within that cavity. By the same
 token, as depicted in FIG. 5, upstanding web 4 can also be formed in the
 "normal" shape of the shape of the hook 2 so the hanger can be used with
 or without the indicator. The web can also be configured in the manner
 shown in Australian Patent No. 638436 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,388,354 or in
 any other manner to accommodate the cavity dimensions of any other type of
 indicator, including indicators that have angled or sloping end walls to
 conform to the angularity of the hook design.
 The indicator attachment mechanism described in the above embodiments
 provides a particularly simple and convenient means of retaining the
 indicator 18 on the web 4 of the hook 2 while enabling the indicator 18 to
 be conveniently removed in a simple operation which does not significantly
 damage either the indicator 18 or the hook 2 of the hanger. In this way,
 the disadvantages associated with the attachment mechanism described in
 our Australian Patent No. 638436 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,388,354 are overcome
 in a simple but innovative manner.
 In the preferred embodiment, the improved hanger hook of the present
 invention is formed of styrene which provides a clear virtually
 transparent hanger for maximum display of garments suspended therefrom.
 Alternately, the hanger could be formed from K resin, H.I. styrene,
 polypropylene or other suitable thermoplastic.
 Referring now to FIGS. 11-21 of the drawings, a perspective view of an
 automated system for removing indicators from hangers is provided.
 FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the decapping
 apparatus according to the present invention. A garment hanger 1 to be
 decapped is provided with an upstanding web 4, which extends from a top
 region 16 of the hook of the hanger 1. The web is formed with integrally
 molded indicator attachment means. The attachment means includes a central
 opening defined in the upper portion of the web 4 with a detent leg, which
 extends downwardly terminating in a laterally projecting portion 30
 configured to engage one of the apertures 24, 26 in the side walls of the
 indicator 18. In a preferred embodiment the laterally projecting portion
 30 is narrow and resiliently connected to the web 4. In the embodiment
 depicted in FIG. 11 the top region 16 is flat and has a width larger than
 the indicator 18. As shown more clearly in FIG. 12, side wall of the
 indicator 18 is not aligned with the side walls of the hook of the flange.
 A top view of the indicator and hook of this embodiment is provided in
 FIG. 10 which more clearly shows top region 16 of hook 2 extending beyond
 side walls 22 and 24 of the indicator 18. In a second preferred embodiment
 illustrated in FIG. 16, the top region of the hook and the indicator have
 about the same width.
 The method and apparatus for removing the indicator 18 from the hangers 2
 will be hereinafter described with respect to FIGS. 11-21. Throughout this
 description, the term decapping will be used to describe the removal of
 the indicator 18 from hanger 1.
 As illustrated in FIG. 11, the laterally extending portion 30 is easily
 deflected laterally by means of a pin 120 inserted in the aperture 24 of
 the indicator 18 which engages the laterally extending portion 30 to
 displace it towards the plane of the web 4 to clear the aperture 24 and
 allow the indicator 18 to be removed from the hanger 1. With the decapping
 apparatus of the present invention, indicators 18 can be automatically
 removed from their respective hangers 1.
 In this embodiment the hanger 1 is fed to the decapping apparatus by means
 of a feeding rail 105. The feeding rail 105 is inclined so that the
 hangers 1 move downwardly toward the decapping apparatus by gravity. The
 hangers 1 can be put onto the feeding rail 105 manually or automatically.
 Other means to feed hangers 1 to the decapping apparatus could comprise a
 screw conveyor, a belt conveyor, or any other appropriate means to carry
 the hangers toward the decapping apparatus.
 The decapping apparatus includes a front plate 106, a back plate 107 and an
 actuating means 108. The actuating means 108 comprises an escapement
 valve, which is pneumatically driven and includes two rods. Each of the
 rods is connected to the plate 106 or 107 via respective connecting means
 109 and 110. Front plate 106 and back plate 107 are arranged vertically
 and are facing each other. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the two
 plates 106 and 107 are almost quadratic, but any other appropriate shape,
 for example rectangular, can be used. The actuating means 108 moves the
 front plate 106 and the back plate 107 parallel to each other in a
 vertical plane. This movement is periodically repeated, so that one hanger
 after another can be decapped.
 As can be seen in FIG. 11, the feeding rail 105 extends under the two
 plates 106 and 107. The distance between the plates 106 and 107 when said
 plates are in their lower positions and the feeding rail 105 is preferably
 such that pin 120 in its lower position will be aligned with aperture 24
 of indicator 18. The height of the assembly is adjusted to provide
 automatic operation for different styles of hanger hooks. As illustrated
 in FIG. 11, the back plate 107 is in its lower position, and the front
 plate 106 is in its upper position. When the hanger 1 moves down the
 feeding rail 105 toward the decapping apparatus, the movement of the
 hanger 1 is stopped by the back plate 107. As shown in FIG. 12, in
 operation, a plurality of hangers 1 are waiting in front of the decapping
 apparatus on the feeding rail 105 in line, to be decapped one after the
 other.
 As shown in FIG. 11, at the start of the decapping cycle, the back plate
 107 is lowered to its lowermost position. Plate 107 has a recess 119
 positioned on an outer portion of the surface facing the front plate 106.
 Recess 119 is dimensioned to correspond to the dimensions of the indicator
 18, so that when a hanger 1 is pressed against the back plate 107, the
 indicator 18 is received in the recess 119. A pin 120 is provided on the
 back wall of the recess 119 in a position corresponding to the aperture 24
 of the indicator 18. The dimensions, such as the size and the shape of the
 pin 120 are selected according to the dimensions, particularly the shape
 and the depth, of the aperture 18, so that the pin 120 enters the aperture
 18 and is able to displace the laterally projecting portion 30 of the web
 4 of the hanger 1 to clear the aperture 18, and allow the indicator 18 to
 be removed from the hanger 1 as described above. In the preferred
 embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the pin 20 has a rectangular cross-section,
 but any other appropriate shape can be used, as will be described herein.
 At the start of the decapping cycle, the front plate 106 is raised but only
 needs to be raised upwardly until it no longer covers the recess 119. In
 other words, the amplitude of the movement of the plates 106 and 107 has
 to be at least the height of the recess 119, so that the indicator 18 can
 be received in the recess 119.
 After the indicator 18 is received in the recess 119 of the back plate 107,
 the front plate 106 is moved downwardly to seat the indicator 18 firmly or
 at least to hold the indicator firmly in the recess 19 of the back plate
 107. In this position the pin 120 of the back plate 107 displaces the
 laterally extending portion 30 of the hanger 1, to permit the release of
 the indicator 18 from the hanger 1. The pin 120 is long enough to fully
 displace the laterally extending position 30 from the recess 24 of
 indicator 18, but is not long enough to engage the aperture 6 of hook 2.
 As is shown in FIG. 12, the lower edge 146 of the front plate 106 can be
 beveled, so that the downward movement of the front plate 106 separates
 hanger 1 from the rest of the hangers so that front plate 106 enters
 between the hangers. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the lower edge is
 beveled towards the back plate 107.
 As illustrated in FIG. 15 when the pin 120 has displaced the laterally
 extending portion 30 from the indicator 18, the indicator may be removed
 from hanger 1 when the back plate 107 is moved upwardly to its upper
 position, while the front plate 106 stays in its lower position. Since pin
 120 of the back plate 107 extends into the aperture 18 of the indicator
 18, the back plate 107 carries the indicator 18 upwardly. In the
 embodiment shown in FIGS. 11-15, front plate 106 engages hanger 1 and
 prevents the hanger 1 from also being carried upwardly. FIG. 13
 illustrates this situation, wherein both of the plates 106 and 107 are in
 their lower positions and the beveled lower edge 146 of the front plate
 106 holds the hanger 1 down by abutting against the edge of the top region
 116 of the hook of the hanger 1. Consequently, the pin 120 has two
 functions: displacing the laterally extending portion 30 of the hanger 1
 to release the indicator 18 from the hanger 1 and carrying the indicator
 18 upwardly to separate the indicator 18 from the hanger 1.
 FIG. 14 shows the decapper mechanism with a second embodiment of the front
 plate 106. The lower edge 148 has a step-shape to hold the edge of the top
 region 16 down. As depicted in this embodiment and FIG. 2 top region 16 is
 preferably flat. For clarity of illustration, FIGS. 13 and 14 show only
 the plates 106 and 107 in their lower positions, a few hangers 1 and the
 feeding rail 105. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the front plate 106 has an
 aperture or a window 118 having generally the same shape as the recess 119
 of the back plate 107. When the back plate 107 is in its upper position
 and the front plate 106 is in its lower position, the recess 119 and the
 window 118 match, so that the indicator 18 can be removed from the recess
 119 through the window 118. The window 118 can have any appropriate shape,
 as long as the indicator 18 can pass through it.
 In the described embodiment, the indicator 18 is removed from the recess
 119 by means of an air blast. As can be seen in FIG. 11, the back wall of
 the recess 119 has an aperture 121, which is connected to an air control
 means by means of a tube 127, shown in FIG. 15. The air blast through the
 opening 121 is controlled, so that, when the back plate 107 reaches its
 upper position, and the front plate 106 is in its lower position, an air
 blast is generated or enabled, which pushes the indicator 18 through the
 window 118 of the front plate 106. The released indicator 18 passes
 through the window 118 of the front plate 106 and is collected by a
 discharge tube 124, which is positioned in front of the window 118 and
 leads the released indicator to a container 125.
 Upon removal of the indicator 18, hanger 1 continues, as soon as the back
 plate 107 is moved upwardly, to slide down the feeding rail 105. As
 illustrated in FIG. 15, hanger 1 with web 4 is moving down the feeding
 rail 105 after being decapped. The decapped hanger is either collected
 manually or automatically therefrom, for example by means of a screw
 conveyor. Said screw conveyor can collect decapped hangers from a
 plurality of feeding rails 105 coming from respective decapping
 apparatuses.
 As illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, the decapping apparatus is driven
 pneumatically, and further comprises position control means 111, air
 control means 114, a first timer 116, a second timer 117, and an air valve
 137. The air valve 37 generates and/or controls the pressurized air, by
 which the decapping apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of the
 present invention is controlled and driven.
 The air valve 137, the timers 116 and 117, the actuating means 108, the air
 control means 40 and the position control means 111 respectively are
 connected by air tubes for pneumatic control. Also, the entire apparatus
 is held and fixed to a holding means (not shown).
 As shown in FIG. 12, the position control means 111 comprises a first
 detector 112 for the position of the front plate 106 and a second detector
 113 for the position of the back plate 107. The first detector 112 and the
 second detector 113 work on a pneumatical basis and have a similar
 structure. First and second detectors 112 and 113 each include generally a
 cylindrical tube illustrated by 144 and 145, respectively, and pistons 122
 and 123, respectively, which are movable within each of said cylindrical
 tubes 144 and 146. The outer ends of pistons 122 and 123 are provided with
 contact plates, which are contacted by the upper sides of the front plate
 106 and the back plate 107, respectively.
 In the upper position, the front plate 106 and the back plate 107 press
 inwardly pistons 122 and 123, respectively, and cause a pneumatic signal
 in the position control means 111, thereby permitting a steady control of
 the position and the movement of the plates 106 and 107. FIG. 12 shows a
 cross section of the control means 111 and the plates 106 and 107, whereby
 the position of the plates 106 and 107 is the same as in FIG. 11. Also,
 the discharge tube 124 and a collecting container 125 for the released
 indicators 18 are illustrated.
 FIG. 15 illustrates a side view of the air control means 114 and the tube
 plates 106 and 107. The air control means 114 comprises a third detector
 115 for detecting the position of the back plate 107. Third detector 115
 has a cylindrical tube 149 and a piston 126, which, generally have the
 same shape and function as the first and second position detectors 112 and
 113 as described above. In FIG. 15, the back plate 107 is in its upper
 position, and the front plate 106 is in its lower position. The back plate
 having released and carried a indicator 18 upwardly from hanger 1,
 contacts a contact plate 26 of the position detector 115 and moves the
 contact plate 126 together with its piston into the cylindrical tube of
 the detector 115. This causes a pneumatic signal within the air control
 means 114, which enables a pressurized air blast through a tube 127, which
 is connected to the opening 121 of the back plate 107 by appropriate
 connection 128. The air blast through the opening 121 ejects the released
 indicator 18 through the window 118 of the front plate 106 into the
 discharge tube 124. The arrow in FIG. 13 indicates the direction of the
 movement of the indicator 18.
 In operation, the back plate 107 moves downwardly to its lower position,
 which is followed by an upward movement of the front plate 106 to its
 upper position. The whole movement cycle is repeated periodically, so that
 a plurality of hangers 1 can be decapped easily and reliably in an
 automated process. Since one of the plates 106 and 107 is always in its
 respective lower position, there will be always a number of hangers 1 on
 the feeding rail 105 waiting to be decapped one after another, as shown in
 FIGS. 12 to 15.
 The actuating means 108 controls the movement of the two plates 106 and
 107, so that the front plate 106 cannot move upwardly when the back plate
 107 is not in its lower position, and the back plate 107 cannot move
 upwardly when the front plate 106 is not in its lower position. This
 ensures that the hangers to be decapped do not slide along the feeding
 rail 105 under the plates 106 and 107 without being decapped.
 The first timer 116 controls the regular cycle of the movement of the two
 plates 106 and 107, whereas the second timer 117 enables a repeated
 downward movement of the front plate 106. If, for example the hook of the
 hanger 1 is bent or damaged, or the indicator 18 is bent or damaged, the
 front plate 106 is not permitted to slide downwardly to press or hold the
 indicator 18 into the recess 119, since its lower edge contacts the upper
 edge of the indicator 18 and is therefore restricted in its downward
 movement. In this case, the timer 117 gives a signal to the actuating
 means 108 to lift the front plate 106 up again and retry to move it
 downwardly. This is repeated, until the indicator 18 is properly received
 in the recess 119 of the back plate 107 and the front plate 106 can move
 to its lower position without resistance. This problem can already
 partially be avoided by an appropriate angle or bend of the lower edge of
 the front plate 106, as discussed above.
 FIG. 16 shows a cross-section of the two plates 106 and 107 in their lower
 positions and several hangers 1 to be decapped on feeding rail 105. These
 hangers 1 have a top region 16a on their hooks, which does not extend
 beyond the width of the indicators 18. In other words, the sidewalls of
 the indicators 18 are substantially even with the sidewalls of the hooks
 and the hangers. Therefore, the hangers 1 cannot be held down by the lower
 edge of the front plate 106 abutting the edge of the top region 16a, as
 described and shown with respect to FIGS. 13 and 14. Since the hangers 1
 cannot be held down by the front plate 106, when the back plate 107 moves
 upwardly, this embodiment of the invention further includes a holding
 means 152 which is activated to hold down the hanger 1 being decapped,
 while the back plate 107 is moving up. The holding means 152 is pivotable
 around an axis 155. In the present embodiment the holding means includes
 two parallel L-shaped arms 153, which are connected by a cross bar 154, as
 depicted in FIGS. 16 and 17.
 In the holding position, the two arms 153 of the holding means 152 extend
 parallel to both sides of the feeding rail 105 and the hook of the hanger
 1, so that the arms 152 extend perpendicularly to the hanger 1. The hanger
 1 cannot move upwardly, since its upper edge abuts the lower surface of
 the arms 152. After the indicator 18 is removed from the hanger 1, the
 holding means is pivoted back to a free position (dashed lines in FIG.
 16), so that the decapped hanger 1 can move down the rail 105. In a
 different embodiment (not shown) the holding means could include a
 similarly shaped holding means being swung horizontally to hold the hanger
 1 down.
 In FIGS. 11 to 16, the structure of the front plate 106 and the back plate
 107 is only schematically shown. FIGS. 18 and 19 show detailed perspective
 views of the back plate 107 and the front plate 106, respectively.
 FIG. 18 shows the back plate 107 in a perspective front view. The recess
 119 is formed in the lower portion of a wall member 132 extending from the
 middle portion of the back plate 107. The recess 119 can be dimensioned to
 accommodate the indicator 18 which, as depicted, has a basically
 rectangular shape. The recess 119 is provided with the pin 120 and the
 aperture 121. The dimensions of the recess 119 are slightly larger than
 the dimensions of the indicator 18 to be decapped, so that the indicator
 18 can be oriented properly upon entering into the recess 119. This is
 important to ensure that the aperture 24 of the indicator 18 receives the
 pin 120.
 The recess 119 can be replaced by any other appropriate means, for example
 a frame or a single sidewall, as long as the pin 120 can enter into the
 opening 24 to release the indicator attachment mechanism to remove the
 indicator 18, when the indicator 18 is pressed or held against the back
 plate. The shape of the pin 120 in FIG. 18 is basically rectangular, but
 can be any other appropriate shape as necessary to match opening 24.
 As shown in FIG. 18, plate 107 has two rail or slide members 130 and 131
 bolted thereto, which are positioned to each side of the wall member 132
 defining a space between the wall member and the rail members 130 and 131
 respectively. The rail members 130 and 131 each have a generally
 rectangular shape with concave surfaces and extend the complete height of
 the back plate 107. The lower sides of the rail members 130 and 131 and
 the wall member 132 are connected by a common base plate 129, which
 extends from and over the entire length of the back plate 107. Rail or
 slide members 130 and 131 guide the movement of the plates 106 and 107 in
 connection with bearing assemblies 133, 134, 135 and 136, which are shown
 in FIG. 15.
 FIG. 19 shows a perspective back view of the front plate 106. The bearing
 assemblies 133, 134, 135 and 136 each have a generally longitudinal shape
 and extend vertically from and over a portion of the height of the front
 plate 106. One pair of bearing members 133 and 134 is located to the left
 of the window 18, and another pair of bearing assemblies 135 and 136 is
 located to the right of the window 118. Each pair of bearing assemblies
 defines a space therebetween wherein the rail or slide members 30 and 31
 of the back plate 107 can be inserted, when the decapping apparatus of the
 present invention is assembled. In other words, the rail or slide member
 130 is received in the space between the bearing assemblies 135 and 136,
 and the rail or slide member 131 is received in the space between the
 bearing assemblies 133 and 134. This enables an exact reciprocable
 movement of the plates 106 and 107. In a particularly preferred embodiment
 slide members 133, 134, 135 and 136 are a pair of roller-bearing
 assemblies having parallel rollers which engage rail members 130 and 131
 and support the plates from either side.
 FIG. 20 shows an enlarged perspective view of the pin 120 of the recess
 119. In the preferred embodiment pin 120 has a generally rectangular shape
 and is sufficiently small to be able to enter into the opening 24 of the
 indicator 18 to be decapped. Also, the pin 120 has a height sufficient to
 displace the laterally extending portion 30 of the web of the hanger 1
 thereby enabling the indicator 18 to be released from the hanger 1.
 FIG. 21 shows an enlarged perspective view of a second preferred embodiment
 of the pin 120 of the recess 119. In this embodiment, the pin 120 has a
 generally oval shape. Other shapes, for example a cylindrical shape, can
 be substituted as appropriate.
 Referring now in detail to FIGS. 22 and 23, there is illustrated a tool for
 manually removing indicators 18 from hangers 1. FIG. 22 shows a top view
 of one embodiment of the manual decapper, and FIG. 23 shows a sectional
 view taken along line 23--23 in FIG. 22.
 More particularly, the device for manually removing an indicator from a
 garment hanger has a plate 138 which can have a rectangular shape as shown
 in FIGS. 22 and 23. The plate 138 can be made of metal or molded plastic
 and comprises at least one recess 139, which is provided with a pin 140.
 The recess 139 and the pin 140 correspond to the above-described recess
 119 and pin 120 of the back plate 107 of the automatic decapping
 apparatus. The recess 139 and the pin 140 perform exactly the same
 functions as described in relation to recess 119 and pin 120. The only
 difference is that with the manual decapper, the indicator 18 has to be
 pressed manually onto the recess 139, so that the pin 140 is inserted in
 the opening 24 of the indicator 18 to displace the laterally extending
 portion 30 of the hanger and to effect release of the indicator 18 from
 the hanger 1. In this embodiment the indicator 18 or at least the body
 with hanger 1 has to be manually held or pressed onto the recess 139, to
 manually separate the plate 139 with the indicator 18 from the hanger 1.
 In a preferred embodiment the plate 138 can define through-holes 176 for
 mounting the device to a support (not shown).
 All the variations and features explained in view of the recess 119 and the
 pin 120 of the back plate 107 of the decapping apparatus are also true for
 the recess 139 and the pin 140 of the plate 138 of the manual decapper.
 The pin 140 can also be configured as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. In the
 preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, the plate 138 has a
 rectangular shape for ease of handling by the operator with the recess 139
 being provided at a long side of the plate 138. However, in the
 alternative, the recess can be provided at a short side of the plate 138.
 Or the decapper device 138 can have further recesses, so that depending on
 the size and the shape of the indicator 18 to be removed multiple
 applications with the manual decapper of the present invention can be
 performed. For ease of operation the operator may chose to mount the
 device 138 to a support (not shown) via through-holes 176 so that it is
 not necessary for the operator to handle the manual device 138 but only
 the hangers and the removed indicators.
 In the embodiment shown in the FIGS. 22 and 23, a further recess 141 is
 provided on one of the short sides of the rectangular plate 138. The
 recess 141 is provided with a pin 142 positioned on the edge of the short
 side 143 and has no side walls. This allows the recess 141 and the pin 142
 to be applied to indicator caps 18 of any configuration. In addition, the
 short side 143 can be curved thereby adapting to the form of the hook of
 the hanger 1, from which the indicator 18 is to be removed. It should be
 understood, that for the recess 141 and the pin 142 the above-described
 features and variations explained in view of the recesses 119 and 139, and
 the pins 120 and 140 are also true and applicable.
 Also, it should be understood that although preferred embodiments of the
 present invention have been described, various modifications by one
 skilled in the art can be made without departing from the scope of the
 invention as defined in the enclosed claims. Particularly, the decapping
 apparatus of the described embodiment is pneumatically driven. However,
 the decapping apparatus, namely the plates 106 and 107 could also be
 driven by means of electrical, mechanical or any other appropriate drive
 mechanism. Also, the position control means 111 and the air pressure
 control means 114 can work using optical, electrical or any other
 appropriate detection means which detects the position of the plates 106
 and 107, respectively. The released indicator 18 can also be ejected from
 the recess 119 through the window 118 of the front plate 106 by means
 other than a pressurized air blast, as described above. For example, the
 decapped indicator 18 could be ejected through the window 18 by means of
 an ejection pin or vacuum ejector.
 Furthermore, the present invention has been described and illustrated in
 conjunction with a single type of indicator 18. The present invention can
 also be used without any adaptation or easily adapted to accommodate other
 types of indicators.
 While there have been shown and described what are considered to be the
 several preferred embodiments of the invention, it will, of course, be
 understood that various modifications and changes in form or detail can
 readily be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is
 therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact form and
 detail herein shown and described nor to anything less than the whole of
 the invention herein disclosed as hereinafter claimed.