Method and apparatus for recording an image

Method and apparatus for effecting thermal recording on a sheet of a recording medium with the aid of a reusable ribbon which can be repeatedly used for recording a plurality of times. The recording operation is performed during forward movement as well as during return movement of a thermal head while the ink ribbon is wound and unwound. On completion of a predetermined number of recording operations in both direction further recording is stopped and the thermal head is returned to its home position without any displacement of the ink ribbon. Thereafter, the above-mentioned steps are repeated. The reusable ribbon is wound by a length equal to M/N of a line every time recording is performed on M lines in the two-way recording mode, where N represents the number of recording operations for which a portion of the reusable ink ribbon can be repeatedly used. When a non-reusable ink ribbon is used, this fact is detected and the result of detection is discriminated by a CPU to effect unidirectional recording; when a reusable ink ribbon is used, this fact is detected to effect irregular two directional recording, and when no ink ribbon is used, this fact is detected to effect complete two directional recording.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to method and apparatus for recording an 
image on a sheet of a recording medium in the both-way recording mode with 
the aid of a multi-ink sheet which can be repeatedly used for recording 
operations. More particularly, the present invention relates to method and 
apparatus for recording an image on sheet material which is used for 
electronic typewriters, facsmile apparatus, thermal printers or the like. 
Further, the present invention relates to method and apparatus for 
effectively performing recording operation on a sheet of recording medium 
in the both-way recording mode with the aid of a multi-ink sheet which can 
be used for recording operations a plurality of times and which recording 
operation can be performed repeatedly. 
2. Related Background Art 
Generally, a recording apparatus such as printer, facsmile or the like is 
so constructed that recording is achieved on sheet material (plain paper, 
plastic film, cloth or the like recording medium) by displacing a 
recording head in response to a printing data signal. Among conventional 
recording apparatuses a serial type adapted to carry out main scanning by 
means of the recording head is widely put in practical use. 
Further, as recording process an ink jet type, a wire dot type, a thermal 
type or the like are well known. 
Among various recording processes as mentioned above the thermal type 
(which is embodied in the form of a thermal recording apparatus) is so 
constructed that dot forming means comprising a plurality of 
electricity-heated converting members (heating elements) are disposed in 
the operative area in front of a recording head (thermal head) and 
recording is achieved under the effect of heating by activating the dot 
forming means in response to printing data signal while it is displaced 
along sheet material in the pressure contact state at the time of 
recording operation. 
Further, this kind of thermal recording apparatus can comprise a heat 
sensitive type in which recording is effected using a heat sensitive sheet 
(sheet material adapted to exhibit a certain color under the effect of 
heating) without any necessity for an ink ribbon, and a thermal transfer 
type in which transfer recording is achieved using plain sheet material 
with the aid of an ink ribbon. Moreover, the thermal transfer type is 
classified into two kinds, one of them being such that a one time ink 
ribbon on which recording is effected only by one time on the same area is 
used and the other one being such that a multi-ink ribbon with which 
recording operation can be repeatedly performed (for instance, 10 times) 
is used. 
To actuate a conventional recording apparatus of the type using a multi-ink 
ribbon (in accordance with the thermal recording process), a method of 
effecting one-way recording in the same manner as in the case of a one 
time ink ribbon while the ink ribbon is wound only in the one direction is 
generally employed. 
However, it has been pointed out as a problem inherent to the one-way 
recording that it is necessary to unwind the ink ribbon by a full length 
at every time when it is wound by a full length and the unwinding 
operation takes a long time, resulting in the recording operation being 
achieved at a slow speed. After completion of the winding operation by a 
full length a ribbon cassette may be manually turned upside down by an 
operator. However, this means that the recording operation cannot be 
performed automatically. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Hence, the present invention has been made with the foregoing background in 
mind. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus 
for effectively recording an image on a sheet of a recording medium. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and 
apparatus which assure that recording is achieved at an increased 
operational speed with the use of a multi-ink sheet. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and 
apparatus which assure that recording is achieved with a remarkable 
reduction of useless consumption of the multi-ink sheet. 
It is further another object of the present invention to provide a method 
and apparatus which assure that in the case where recording is achieved 
with the use of a multi-ink sheet this fact is detected and thereby 
recording is automatically effected in the both-way recording mode. 
To accomplish the above objects there is proposed according to one aspect 
of the present invention a method of effecting thermal recording on a 
sheet of a recording medium with the aid of a multi-ink sheet which can be 
used for recording operations a plurality of times, the method being 
characterized in that heating means for heating the multi-ink sheet is 
reciprocably displaced along the recording medium as the ink sheet is 
wound and unwound, recording operation is performed during forward 
movement as well as during return movement of the heating means, recording 
operation is stopped at the time of return movement at a predetermined 
time as counted from starting of recording operation in both the 
directions, the heating means is caused to return toward the start 
position without any displacement of the ink sheet and thereafter the 
steps of the operations as mentioned above are repeated. 
Further, there is proposed according to another aspect of the present 
invention an apparatus for effecting thermal recording on a sheet of 
recording medium with the aid of a multi-ink sheet which can be used for 
recording operations a plurality of times, the apparatus being 
characterized in that the apparatus essentially comprises heating means 
for heating the multi-ink sheet to effect recording on the recording 
medium, means for reciprocably displacing the heating means along the 
recording medium, means for displacing the ink sheet to wind and unwind 
the latter, and means for controlling the means for displacing the heating 
means and the means for displacing the ink sheet in such a manner that the 
heating means is reciprocably displaced along the recording medium as the 
ink sheet is wound and unwound, recording operation is performed during 
forward movement as well as during return movement of the heating means, 
recording operation is stopped at the time of return movement at a 
predetermined time as counted from starting of recording operation in both 
the directions, the heating means is caused to return toward the start 
position without any displacement of the ink sheet and thereafter the 
steps of the operations as mentioned above are repeated. 
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become 
clearly apparent from reading of the following description which has been 
prepared in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Now, the present invention will be described in a greater detail hereunder 
with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred 
embodiments thereof. 
FIG. 1A is fragmentary perspective view of a serial type thermal recording 
apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, 
particularly illustrating an essential part of the apparatus. 
Specifically, the illustrated embodiment is concerned with a thermal 
recording method and apparatus of the type in which recording is achieved 
with the use of a multi-ink ribbon adapted to repeatedly carry out a 
recording operation while a thermal head is displaced along a sheet of a 
recording medium, wherein the aforesaid method and apparatus are 
characterized in that both way recording is achieved the number of times 
for which the multi-ink ribbon can be repeatedly utilized or by a certain 
odd number of times close to the first-mentioned number, and thereafter 
the thermal head is returned while the ink ribbon is kept in the unwound 
state and the above-mentioned steps of the operations are then repeated 
again. 
The apparatus as shown in FIG. 1A is so constructed that recording is 
effected on a recording sheet 2 backed up by means of a platen 1 with the 
aid of a thermal head 4 which is mounted on a carriage 3. As is apparent 
from the drawing, the platen 1 is designed in the roller-shaped 
configuration and moreover it serves also as a sheet transferring roller. 
The carriage 3 is mounted on a guide shaft 5 extended in parallel with the 
platen 1 so as to reciprocably move on the guide shaft 5 and it is 
reciprocably driven (in both the directions as identified by arrow marks 
A) by activating a driving system which comprises a stepping motor 6, a 
driving pulley 7, a driven pulley 8 and an endless belt 9 extended around 
both the driving and driven pulleys 7 and 8 and fixedly fastened to the 
carriage 3. 
The thermal head 4 includes a plurality of heating elements 4a (for 
instance, 24 pieces of resistors arranged in two vertical lines as 
identified by 12.times.2 or 24 pieces of resistors arranged in a single 
vertical line) and it is turnably mounted to assume a down position where 
it is forcibly thrusted against the platen 1 with a multi-ink ribbon 13 to 
be described later and the sheet 2 interposed therebetween or at an up 
position where it is displaced away from the platen 1. 
A ribbon cassette 10 adapted to feed the multi-ink ribbon 13 to the 
operative position located in front of the thermal head 4 is detachably 
fitted onto the carriage 3. Incidentally, reference numeral 14 designates 
fitting means for detachably fitting the cassette 10 onto the carriage 3. 
During the recording operation the multi-ink ribbon 13 is accommodated in 
the ribbon cassette 10 is wound in a predetermined direction by means of 
ribbon driving shafts 97 and 102 disposed in the carriage 3 in 
synchronization with the movement of the thermal head 4. 
Next, a description will be made below as to a winding and unwinding 
mechanism for the ink ribbon 13 in the ink ribbon cassette 10 with 
reference to FIGS. 1B and 1C. 
First, a description will be made as to the case of forward recording 
operation. (It should be noted that a plurality of arrow marks in FIG. 1B 
represent the direction of rotation of each of members constituting the 
mechanism during forward recording operation.) 
In response to a signal transmitted from a central processing unit 20 
(hereinafter referred to as CPU 20) a ribbon motor 26 is caused to rotate 
at a properly determined speed in the anticlockwise direction in 
synchronization with rotation of a carrier motor 23. Thus, an idler gear 
91 is rotated in the clockwise direction via a motor gear 90 and another 
idler gear 92 is then rotated in the anticlockwise direction. This causes 
a planetary gear arm 94 which comes in pressure contact with the idler 
gear 92 under the effect of properly determined intensity of pressure with 
a friction spring 93 interposed therebetween to be rotated in the same 
direction as the idler gear 92 (in the anticlockwise direction). This 
leads to a result that a planetary gear 95 on a shaft 94a fixedly secured 
to the planetary gear arm 94 is brought in meshing engagement with a 
clutch gear 96 to rotate the latter in the anticlockwise direction. As the 
clutch gear 96 is rotated in that way, a winding clutch 97 which is 
operatively associated with the clutch gear 96 is caused to rotate. 
Accordingly, during a forward recording operation the ink ribbon 13 is 
unwound from a roller 99 until it is wound about a roller 98. 
As will be apparent from FIG. 1B, a planetary gear 100 located opposite to 
the planetary gear 95 assumes the inoperative position where it is 
displaced away from a clutch gear 101 during forward recording operation 
whereby a winding clutch 102 is not rotated by means of a motor 26. 
However, the winding clutch 102 is rotated as the ink ribbon wound about 
the roller 99 operatively connected to the winding clutch 102 is unwound 
therefrom. At this moment a properly determined intensity of back tension 
is imparted to the unwound ink ribbon under the influence of resilient 
force of the friction spring 103. 
Next, a description will be made below as to the case of a return recording 
operation. 
In response to a signal transmitted from CPU 20 the ribbon motor 26 is 
rotated in the clockwise direction whereby the direction of rotation of 
each of the above-mentioned members becomes reverse to that in the case of 
forward recording operation. Specifically, the planetary gear 95 is 
displaced away from the clutch gear 96 and the planetary gear 100 is 
brought in meshing engagement with the clutch gear 101. As the winding 
clutch 97 is rotated in the clockwise direction, the ink ribbon 13 is 
unwound from the roller 98 and it is wound about the roller 99 during 
return recording operation. At this moment the clutch 97 serving as clutch 
on the supply side imparts to the ink ribbon a properly determined 
intensity of back tension under the effect of resilient force of the 
friction spring 104. 
It should be noted that the present invention should not be limited only to 
the above-described embodiment. Alternatively, one may employ a method of 
imparting back tension to the ink ribbon within the interior of the ribbon 
cassette without any necessity of construction with which a certain 
intensity of back tension is imparted to the ink ribbon by means of each 
of the friction clutches. Further, in the illustrated embodiment a 
description is made as to the case where ribbon winding is achieved by 
rotation of a motor. Alternatively, one may employ the method of winding 
the ink ribbon under the effect of moving force of the carrier without any 
use of motor. 
Next, a description will be made as to structure of a the multi-ink ribbon 
13 with reference to FIG. 2 which illustrates an example of the same by 
way of a fragmentary enlarged sectional view. As is readily apparent from 
the drawing, the multi-ink ribbon 13 is so constructed that a mesh-shaped 
heat resistant porous absorption layer 12 is adhesively placed on a base 
11 comprising polyester film or the like and the absorption layer 12 is 
then impregnated with thermally fusible ink to build an ink layer. Thus, a 
required ink ribbon with which a recording operation can be performed a 
predetermined number of times (for instance, 10 times) in the same area on 
the ink layer 12 is built in that way. 
When a recording operation is performed, the thermal head 4 is displaced in 
parallel with the platen 1 while it is forcibly thrusted against the 
platen 1 with the sheet 2 and the ink ribbon 13 interposed therebetween 
and a plurality of heating elements 4a are then activated in response to 
printing data signal transmitted from CPU 20 to heat the thermal head 4. 
After completion of recording operation line shifting is effected by 
transferring the sheet 2 in the direction identified by an arrow mark P 
(see FIG. 1A). 
It should be noted that the recording operation is performed in accordance 
with such an operational mode that both-way recording (reciprocable 
recording) is achieved an odd number of times (for instance, 9 times) 
which is close to the number of times (for instance, 10 times) the 
multi-ink ribbon 13 can be repeatedly utilized as long as possible, and 
thereafter the thermal head 4 is returned to its home position H.P. while 
the ink ribbon is kept in the unwound state (usually maintaining the 
head-up state) and the above-mentioned steps of the recording operations 
are repeated again from the position where the thermal head 4 is caused to 
return. 
Specifically, when first forward recording is effected, a new ink ribbon 13 
is unwound from the roller 99 to the roller 98 in the ink ribbon cassette 
10 at substantially the same speed as moving speed of the thermal head 4. 
When first return recording is effected, a part of the ink ribbon 13 which 
has been used for forward recording is unwound from the roller 98 to the 
roller 99 at substantially the same speed as the moving speed of the 
thermal head 4. After the above-mentioned steps of the recording 
operations are repeated by a predetermined number of times, the ink ribbon 
13 is not wound about the roller 99 any longer when return recording is 
effected at the predetermined number of times, and the thermal head 4 is 
returned to its home position H.P. without any performance of a recording 
operation (accompanied by heating). Now, the thermal head 4 is ready to 
start a second forward recording. 
As will be apparent from the above description, a new part of the ink 
ribbon is fed to the operative area located in front of the thermal head 4 
every time when the latter is returned its home position after completion 
of recording operations an odd number of times. As a result, the multi ink 
ribbon can be used economically with the minimized number of return 
movements. 
FIGS. 3 and 4 are illustrative views respectively which exemplify the 
recording operations as mentioned above. 
In the case as illustrated in FIG. 3 both-way recording is the achieved on 
a sheet 2 (that is, recording operation is performed when the thermal head 
4 is displaced in the direction as identified by an arrow mark a as well 
as when it is displaced in the direction as identified by an arrow mark b) 
while the thermal head 4 carries out full scanning (full width scanning) 
across each of the lines on the sheet 2. After completion of the recording 
operations an odd number of times (by the odd number of lines) (for 
instance, 9 times, that is, N=9) which is close to the number of times of 
recording operations for which the multi-ink ribbon can be repeatedly 
utilized as long as possible (for instance, 10 times), the thermal head 4 
is returned (in the leftward direction in the illustrated example) while 
the ink ribbon is kept in the unwound state. Thus, next both-way recording 
is ready to start for full scanning with a new part of the ink ribbon. 
In the case as illustrated in FIG. 4 full scanning is not effected for each 
of the lines on the sheet 2 but both-way recording is achieved while 
checking the extent of practical recording for each of the lines. At the 
time when recording operations are performed an odd number of times (for 
instance, 9 times, that is, N=9) which is close to the number of recording 
operations for which the multi-ink ribbon can be repeatedly utilized as 
long as possible (for instance, 10 times), the ink ribbon is wound by the 
maximum length of L (which is equal to the longest distance of line) and 
thereafter the thermal head is returned (in the leftward direction as seen 
in the drawing) while the ink ribbon is kept in the unwound state. Now, 
next both-way recording is ready to start with a new part of the ink 
ribbon. 
The recording operation as illustrated in FIG. 4 is employed, recording 
speed and economical performance of the ink ribbon can be improved 
compared with the case where full scanning is achieved as illustrated in 
FIG. 3. 
FIG. 5 is block diagram illustrating a control system for practicing the 
thermal recording method as described above. 
As shown in FIG. 5, CPU (microprocessor) 20 in the recording apparatus is 
electrically connected to a host 21 such as computor, word processor or 
the like to receive printing data signals and necessary command signals 
therefrom. 
CPU 20 is operatively connected to a motor 23 for driving the carriage 3, a 
motor 24 for transferring the sheet 2 (that is, for driving the platen 1), 
a motor 25 for turning up and down the thermal head and a motor 26 for 
driving the ink ribbon or means for actuating the ink ribbon winding 
mechanism via a driver (driving circuit) 22 to control them. Further, CPU 
20 is adapted to actuate (heat) dot forming means (heating elements 4a) in 
the thermal head 4 in response to printing data signals transmitted from 
the host 21. 
The recording operation is controlled in accordance with a program stored 
in ROM which is disposed adjacent to CPU 20. 
Referring to FIG. 6, when the recording apparatus is activated at Step 100, 
one proceeds to Step 101 at which it is discriminated whether both-way 
recording is effected an odd number of times or not (that is, it is 
effected at the even number of times). When it is found that it is 
effected an odd number of times, one proceeds to Step 102 at which forward 
recording is effected (usually from the left to the right). On completion 
of forward recording one proceeds to Step 103 at which it is discriminated 
whether the number of recording operations reaches a predetermined odd 
number (N) or not. 
When it is discriminated at Step 103 that it reaches the predetermined odd 
number (for instance, 9 times), one proceeds to Step 104 at which the 
thermal head 4 (carriage 3) is returned along the return path (usually 
from the right to the left) while the ink ribbon is kept in the unwound 
state, that is, the motor 26 is not driven and the thermal head 4 is not 
activated to heat up. On completion of return movement of the thermal head 
4 Step 105 is reached at which the number of recording operations is reset 
to a first one. As a result, one returns to Step 101. 
On the other hand, when it is discriminated at Step 101 that the number of 
recording operations is a certain even number, one proceeds to Step 106 at 
which return recording is effected. When return recording is completed, 
the number of recording operations is counted up at Step 107. Then, one 
returns to Step 101. 
When it is discriminated at Step 103 that the number of recording 
operations does not reach a predetermined one (N times in odd number), one 
proceeds to Step 107 at which the number of recording operations is 
counted up in the same manner as mentioned above. Then, one returns to 
Step 101. 
Incidentally, in the case where the number of recording operations for 
which the multi-ink ribbon 13 can be repeatedly utilized as long as 
possible is a certain odd number, the carriage 3 is returned to its home 
position H.P. while the ink ribbon is kept in the unwound state and the 
thermal head assumes the up position, after recording operation is 
achieved by the aforesaid odd number of times. Thereafter, both-way 
recording is repeated again. 
As will be readily understood from the above description, the recording 
apparatus of the invention is so constructed that both-way recording is 
effected by the number of recording operations for which the multi-ink 
ribbon can be repeatedly utilized or by a certain odd number of times 
which is close to the first-mentioned number (which is usually equal to 
the number of lines), thereafter the thermal head 4 is returned while the 
ink ribbon is kept in the unwound state (usually, the carriage 3 is 
returned while the thermal head 4 assumes the up position) and the 
above-mentioned steps are repeated again. As a result, the minimized 
number of return movements of the thermal head and an increased recording 
speed are assured. 
Advantageous features of the invention are that there is no necessity for 
the ribbon cassette to be manually inverted for rewinding, the ink ribbon 
can be fed automatically and the apparatus has excellent maneuverability. 
Other advantageous features of the invention are that the multi-ink ribbon 
can be utilized without any substantial loss by setting the number of 
both-way recording operations at or helon the number of recording 
operations for which the ink ribbon can be repeatedly utilized as long as 
possible or a certain number of times (an odd number of times) which is 
close to the first-mentioned number and thereby economical performance of 
the ink ribbon can be maintained satisfactorily. 
Accordingly, there are provided thermal recording method and apparatus 
which assure that a recording speed can be increased for a serial type 
thermal transfer recording apparatus in which a multi-ink ribbon is 
accommodated and the apparatus has excellent maneuverability. 
Next, a description will be made below as to another embodiment of the 
invention. 
This embodiment is concerned with recording method and apparatus of the 
type in which a ribbon control table is provided which comprises a 
plurality of sections corresponding to the position of each of 
predetermined ranges on a multi-ink ribbon and has fore and rear margins 
and reference positions, a recording operation is performed while shifting 
the existing recording mode to a predetermined mode selected from both-way 
recording mode, forward recording mode and return recording mode in 
dependence on the recording conditions, the number of recording operations 
in each of the sections is stored and when the number of recording 
operations in any one of the sections in the ribbon control table reaches 
a predetermined one, the ribbon control table is shifted so as to allow 
the section to be located at the fore margin whereby loss in consumption 
of the ink ribbon is minimized. 
It should be noted that the same recording apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 
1A is employed to practice this embodiment of the invention with the 
exception of manner of controlling. 
FIG. 7 exemplifies the structure of RAM in a control device for practicing 
the embodiment of the invention. 
As illustrated in FIG. 7(B), a ribbon buffer RB including a plurality of 
sections -m--0--n is provided in the RAM each of which corresponds to each 
of the positions on a predetermined range on the multi-ink ribbon 13 as 
illustrated in FIG. 7(A), that is, the range as defined between ribbon 
left margin RLM and ribbon right margin RRM. Thus, a ribbon control table 
as illustrated in FIG. 8 is prepared. 
The ribbon buffer RB includes a fore margin (left margin) -m, rear margin 
(right margin) n and a reference point 0 whereby the section which is 
recorded during a recording operation by means of pointer P can be 
identified. 
Further, the RAM is provided with a plurality of buffer memories which 
represent position PP of the carriage 3 (thermal head 4) on the sheet 2 
and recording operation modes MBR, MBL, DIR or the like, as illustrated in 
FIG. 7(C). 
The memory PP represents the position of the carriage 3 on the sheet 2 
between the left margin LM and the right margin RM. The memory MBR 
represents a recording mode in the forward direction (in the rightward 
direction) in the operational state where the section 1 is assumed, the 
memory MBL represents a recording mode in the return direction (in the 
leftward direction) in the operational state where the section 1 is 
assumed and both the memories MBR and MBL perform in a both-way recording 
mode in the operational state where the section 0 is assumed. Further, the 
memory DIR is adapted to drive the carriage in the forward direction in 
the operational state where the section 1 is assumed, while it is adapted 
to drive it in the return direction in the operational state where the 
section-1 is assumed. 
The embodiment of the invention consists in that the recording method can 
be controlled with the use of the buffer memory as described above. FIGS. 
8(A) and 8(B) concretely illustrate an example of practicing the thermal 
recording method in accordance with the embodiment of the invention 
respectively, while taking into account the content of the ribbon control 
table and movement of the thermal head 4. 
Specifically, FIG. 8(A) shows a ribbon control table (a table which 
represents the existent position of the ribbon, the number of times of 
utilization of the latter and the existent utilization position on the 
ribbon) comprising a plurality of sections each of which corresponds to 
the position of a predetermined range on the multi-ink ribbon 13 and 
having a margin 14 on the fore side (left side), a margin 15 on the rear 
side (right side) and a reference point 16. On the other hand, FIG. 8(B) 
shows by way of an example how the thermal head moves on a sheet 
(document) during the recording operation. 
As will be apparent from the drawing, the reference point 16 is located at 
the position leftwardly of the central part of the ribbon control table 
(leftwardly of the latter) and at the initial state (0) the number of 
times of utilization of each of the sections amounts to zero while the 
pointer P is held at the reference point. 
Recording is effected in the both-way recording mode by which recording 
starts from the state (I) in the rightward (forward) direction and numeral 
1 is added at the position where the ink ribbon is used. At this moment 
the pointer P is displaced by the distance in which utilization of the ink 
ribbon is achieved. 
When both-way recording mode is employed, the pointer is displaced from the 
existent position to one of the left and right ends on the next line which 
is located closer to the existent position and thereafter recording is 
effected, as exemplified by the state (II). In the case where distance 
difference between the existent position and the left and right ends is 
shorter than a predetermined value (usually there is hardly seen distance 
difference), the pointer is displaced to the left end if recording is 
effected in the rightward direction at present, while it is displaced to 
the right end if recording is effected in the leftward direction at 
present in order that recording is effected for the next line in the same 
direction as the existent one. 
When the pointer abuts against the right margin of the ink ribbon during 
the recording operation for the next line while recording is effected in 
the bothway recording mode, the recording mode is shifted to the leftward 
direction mode and controlling is carried out in order to assure that no 
protrusion takes place in the rightward direction, as shown by the state 
(III). 
When the pointer moves across the reference point 16 or abuts against the 
left margin 14 during the recording operation in the leftward direction, 
the leftward direction mode is canceled and the both-way recording mode is 
restored, as shown by the state (IV). 
When the pointer moves beyond the left margin 14 of the ink ribbon during 
the recording operation for the next line in the both-way recording mode, 
the existent recording mode is shifted to the rightward direction mode. 
When the pointer moves across the reference point 16 during the recording 
operation in the rightward direction mode, the rightward direction mode is 
cancelled and the both-way recording mode is restored, as shown by the 
state (V). 
When the number of times of utilizations of any one of the sections reaches 
a first set number (8 times in the illustrated example) during the 
recording operation for the existent line in the both-way recording mode, 
the leftward direction mode is assumed, as shown by the state VI. 
When the pointer moves across the reference point 16 or abuts against the 
left margin 14 of the ink ribbon during recording operation in the 
leftward direction mode, the leftward direction mode is cancelled and the 
both-way recording mode is restored (in the same manner as in the case of 
the foregoing state (IV)), as shown by the state (VII). 
When the number of times of utilizations of any one of the sections reaches 
a second set number (11 times in the illustrated example) during recording 
operation in the both-way recording mode as shown by the state (VIII), the 
position of the last section at which the second set number is reached is 
stored. After completion of recording of the existent line the ribbon 
control table is so shifted that the thus stored position of the last 
section is located at the left margin (fore margin) and thereafter the 
empty section on the right side (rear side) is filled with zero (which 
means no utilization). Then, both-way recording (corresponding to the 
above-mentioned state (I)) is initiated again. 
Incidentally, it is preferable that the second set number is selected to 
assume the same value as the number of recording operations for which the 
multi-ink ribbon can be repeatedly utilized as long as possible or a value 
which is close to the first-mentioned one. 
Thus, recording is achieved in accordance with the steps as mentioned above 
while the ribbon control table is shifted at every time when the number of 
times of utilizations of any one of the sections reaches the second set 
number. 
FIG. 5 is a block diagram which illustrates a control system for practicing 
the thermal recording method as described above. 
Referring to FIG. 5, CPU (microprocessor) 20 in the recording apparatus is 
electrically connected to a host 21 such as computor, word processor or 
the like to receive printing data signal and necessary command signal. 
CPU 20 is operatively connected to a motor 23 for driving the carriage 3, a 
motor 24 for transferring a sheet 2 (for driving the platen 1), a motor 25 
for turning up and down the thermal head 4 and a motor 26 for driving the 
ink ribbon or means for actuating the ribbon winding mechanism to control 
them. Further, CPU 20 is adapted to activate dot forming means (heating 
elements 4a) in the thermal head 4 in response to signal transmitted via 
the host 21. 
A recording operation is controlled in accordance with a program stored in 
ROM which is disposed adjacent to CPU 20. 
Further, the RAM including the ribbon buffer and printing buffer as 
mentioned above is disposed adjacent to CPU 20. 
As will be readily apparent from the above description, the serial type 
thermal recording method of the type using a multi-ink ribbon is so 
constructed that a ribbon control table is provided corresponding to a 
predetermined range on the ribbon, forward direction mode (rightward 
direction mode) and return direction mode (leftward direction mode) are 
employed in addition to both-way recording mode, recording is effected 
while properly changing the above-mentioned modes in dependence on 
recording conditions, the number of recording operations at each of the 
positions (sections) within a predetermined range on the ribbon is stored, 
and a new section on the ribbon is additionally used while shifting the 
ribbon control table at every time when the number of recording operations 
at any one of the positions reaches a set value (the number of times of 
recording operations for which the multi-ink ribbon can be repeatedly 
utilized as long as possible or the number of times which is close to the 
first-mentioned one) whereby recording operation is performed while 
controlling the number of utilizations. Thus, the method of the invention 
makes it possible to use each position on the multi-ink ribbon by the 
number of recording operations for which the multi-ink ribbon can be 
repeatedly used or the number of times which is close to the 
first-mentioned one without any necessity for return movement of the 
thermal head and moreover to perform a recording operation so that useless 
recording distance (useless scanning distance) of the thermal head is 
minimized. 
It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment the reference point 
is located at the position spaced rightward away from the left margin of 
the ink ribbon but it may be located at the same position as the left 
margin. 
The serial type thermal recording method and apparatus of the type using a 
multi-ink ribbon which assure that the recording speed can be increased 
and loss in consumption of the ink ribbon can be minimized have been 
provided in that way. 
As described above, the present invention can provide a serial type thermal 
recording method and apparatus which assure increased recording speed 
during use of the multi-ink ribbon. 
Next, description will be made below as to another embodiment of the 
present invention. 
This embodiment is concerned with thermal recording method and apparatus of 
the type using a multi-ink ribbon with the which recording operation can 
be repeatedly performed, wherein recording is effected while a thermal 
head is displaced along a sheet. The method of the present invention 
consists of the step of winding the multi-ink ribbon by a length 
corresponding to M/N of a line per recording of M lines, M being less than 
N in the both-way recording mode where N is the number of recording 
operations that can be performed by the ink ribbon. The method of the 
present invention assures increased speed of recording which is performed 
with the use of the multi-ink ribbon. 
Incidentally, it is assumed that the same apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 
1 is used and the same control block diagram as illustrated in FIG. 5 is 
employed to practice this embodiment. 
In this embodiment the recording operation is performed in such a manner 
that the multi-ink ribbon is wound by a length corresponding to M/N of a 
line every time recording is achieved on the area covered by M lines in 
the both-way recording mode, where N is the number of recording operations 
for which a portion of the ink ribbon can be repeatedly used. 
For instance, the setting may be so effected that N is in the range of 10 
to 15 and M is in the range of 1 to 5. 
Thus, the both-way recording operation (which is such that recording is 
effected by movement of the thermal head in both the forward and return 
directions) is performed without interruption and a new part of the ink 
ribbon is fed to the operative area in front of the thermal head by a 
distance M/N of a line every time recording is performed M times (by M 
lines). 
Incidentally, as a method of winding the ink ribbon one may employ a method 
of causing the carriage 3 to return uselessly by M/N of a line distance in 
the case where movement of the carriage 3 is utilized or a method of 
excessively winding the ink ribbon by M/N of a line distance with the aid 
of an ink ribbon winding motor in the case where winding is effected by 
rotating the ribbon winding motor. 
FIG. 9 is an illustrative view which exemplifies recording operations as 
mentioned above. 
In the case illustrated in FIG. 9 each of the lines on the sheet 2 is 
recorded in the both-way recording mode while effecting full scanning 
(full width scanning). Every time when M lines (for instance, M=2) are 
recorded, assuming N (for instance, N=10) identifies the number of 
recording operations for which a portion of the multi-ink ribbon can be 
repeatedly used (that is, at every time when one both-way recording is 
achieved), the ink ribbon is wound by M/N of a line distance, that is, by 
a distance of 1/5 of one line. Accordingly, the ink ribbon is wound by a 
distance of 1/5 of one line at the position W every time both-way 
recording is performed whereby recording is effected while a new part of 
the ink ribbon in fed by the distance mentioned above. 
In the case as illustrated in FIG. 9 M=2 is employed and this can be freely 
selected, provided that M is a certain value less than N. In the case 
where N=10 is employed any value within the range of 1 to 10 can be 
selected for M. 
It should be noted that N and M may be either of odd number and even number 
and the position where the ink ribbon is wound is reversed as seen in the 
transverse direction in dependence of the fact that M is odd or even 
number. 
As described above, this embodiment is practiced in such a manner that at 
every time when both-way recording is achieved with the use of a multi-ink 
ribbon on the area covered by M lines which follow the maximum number of 
times of utilizations of the multi-ink ribbon, the latter is wound by of a 
line distance and thereby a new part of the ink ribbon is additionally fed 
to the operative area. As a result, both-way recording can be continuously 
effected by the minimized winding operation and increased recording speed 
and improved performance of the multi-ink ribbon can be obtained. 
FIG. 10 is a flow chart which illustrates the steps of the recording 
operations in the same control system as illustrated in FIG. 5. 
Referring to FIG. 10, when both-way recording operation is initiated at 
Step 100', recording is achieved on one line in Step 101' and thereafter a 
counter for counting recorded lines counts up by one line at Step 102'. 
Then, one proceeds to Step 103' at which it is discriminated whether a set 
number of lines M is reached or not. 
When it is found that the set number of lines fails to be reached, Step 
101' is restored to continue both-way recording operation. 
When it is found that the set number of lines M is reached, one proceeds to 
Step 104' whereby the multi-ink ribbon is wound by of a line distance. 
Next, one proceeds to Step 105' at which it is discriminated whether 
recording operation is completed or not. 
When it is found that recording operation is not completed, the counter is 
reset at Step 106' and thereafter Step 101' is restored to perform the 
both-way recording operation. 
When it is found that recording operation is completed, man one proceeds to 
Step 107' at which the intended steps of operations are terminated. 
As described above, this embodiment is practiced in such a manner that at 
every time when both-way recording is achieved with the use of a multi-ink 
ribbon on the area covered by M lines which follow the maximum number of 
times of utilization of the multi-ink ribbon the latter is wound by M/N of 
a line distance. As a result, advantageous effects of increased recording 
speed attributable to the minimized winding operation of the ink ribbon 
and high economical performance of the ink ribbon owing to utilization of 
the latter without any particular loss are obtainable. 
Other advantageous effects of the present invention are that there is no 
necessity for manual handling for reversing of the ribbon cassette or the 
like, feeding of the ink ribbon is achieved automatically, and excellent 
maneuverability is assured. 
As will be apparent from the above description, thermal recording method 
and apparatus which assure increased recording speed of a serial type 
thermal transfer recording apparatus in which a multi-ink ribbon is used 
and high economical performance of the ink ribbon have been provided in 
accordance with the embodiment of the present invention. 
Next, description will be made below as to another embodiment of the 
present invention. This embodiment consists of performing recording on a 
recording sheet such as plain paper or the like with the use of a 
multi-ink ribbon as well as recording on a heat sensitive paper without 
any use of an ink ribbon whereby a recording apparatus for effectively 
performing recording operation in dependence on the kind of recording 
medium is provided. 
This embodiment to be described below in more detail is concerned with a 
thermal recording apparatus of the type in which recording operation is 
performed while a thermal head is displaced along a sheet, wherein when a 
one time ink ribbon is fitted to the thermal head, this is detected to 
effect one-way recording and when a multi-ink ribbon is fitted thereto or 
no ink ribbon is fitted thereto, this is detected to effect both-way 
recording whereby thermal transfer recording with the use of a one time 
ink ribbon and a multi ink ribbon as well as heat sensitive type recording 
without any use of ink ribbon are effectively achieved in accordance with 
a selection carried out by a user. 
Now, the present invention will be concretely described below with 
reference to FIGS. 11 to 17. 
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary perspective view similar to FIG. 1A and the same 
or similar members adapted to function in the same manner as those in FIG. 
1A are identified by same reference numerals. Their repeated description 
will not be required. 
In this embodiment a ribbon cassette (ink ribbon cassette for the purpose 
of thermal transfer recording) 30 adapted to feed an ink ribbon to the 
operative area in front of a recording head 4 is detachably mounted on the 
carriage 3. 
The ribbon cassette 30 is used in the case where recording is achieved in 
accordance with a thermal transfer process. When thermal transfer 
recording is effected, a sheet of plain paper is used as a sheet 2 and 
recording operation is performed while the ink ribbon accommodated in the 
ribbon cassette 30 is wound by rotating a ribbon driving shaft (not shown) 
on the carriage 3. 
A cassette 30A adapted to use a one time ink ribbon with which recording is 
achieved on the same area thereof only one time or a cassette 30B adapted 
to use a multi-ink ribbon with which recording operation is repeatedly 
performed on the same area (for instance, 10 times) is selected as a 
ribbon cassette 30. When a one time ink ribbon is used this is detected 
and one-way recording (for instance, recording only in the direction of 
movement of the carriage from the left to the right) is effected. On the 
other hand, when a multi-ink ribbon is used, this is detected and both-way 
recording (recording in both the directions of movement of the same from 
the left to the right and vice versa) is effected. 
When recording operation is performed in accordance with the heat sensitive 
process, usually the ribbon cassette 30 is removed from the carriage 3 and 
a heat sensitive sheet (sheet adapted to exhibit a certain color under the 
effect of heating) is used as sheet 2. Recording is effected without any 
use of an ink ribbon while the thermal head 4 is brought in pressure 
contact directly with the sheet 2. 
When recording is achieved without any use of an ink ribbon, that is, 
without any use of the ribbon cassette 30 or without any feeding of ink 
ribbon to the operative area in front of the thermal head 4, this is 
detected and controlling is so effected that both-way recording operation 
is performed. 
During recording operation the thermal head 4 is displaced in the pressure 
contact state while the heating elements disposed thereon are activated in 
response to printing data signal. Line shifting is achieved by 
transferring the sheet 2 by a predetermined pitch in the direction as 
identified by an arrow mark P. Incidentally, in the case of one-way 
recording the thermal head 4 is caused to return to its home position at 
every time when recording is achieved one one line. 
In the case of both-way recording with the use of a multi-ink ribbon and 
without any use of an ink ribbon, particularly in the case of both-way 
recording with the use of a multi-ink ribbon with which recording 
operation is performed repeatedly, the number of times of recording 
operations is limited within a certain one. For the reason it is 
preferable that both-way recording is effected in consideration of winding 
and unwinding of the ink ribbon in the both-way recording mode where 
return movement of the thermal head 4 is carried out by one time at every 
time when repeated recording operations are completed by the number of 
times of repetition of recording operations with the use of the multi-ink 
ribbon or the odd number of times (corresponding to the odd number of 
lines) which is close to the first-mentioned one. 
FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a control system for the thermal 
recording apparatus as shown in FIG. 11. Referring to FIG. 12, 
CPU(microprocessor) 31 in the recording apparatus is electrically 
connected to a host 32 such as computer, word processor or the like to 
receive printing data signal and a necessary command signal therefrom. CPU 
31 is operatively connected to a motor 34 for driving the carriage 3, a 
motor 35 for driving the transfer roller (serving as a platen) 1 for a 
sheet 2, a motor 36 for turning up and down the thermal head 4 and a motor 
42 for driving an ink ribbon or means for shifting driving of the ink 
ribbon from the normal direction to the reverse direction and vice versa 
via, and a driver (driving circuit) 33 to control them in the driving 
system. Moreover, CPU 31 is adapted to activate dot forming means (heating 
elements) in the thermal head 4 in response to printing data signal 
transmitted from the host 32. 
The carriage 3 is equipped with cassette detecting means 26 for 
discriminating two operative states, one of them being such that a ribbon 
cassette 30A with a one time ink ribbon accommodated therein is loaded on 
the carriage 3 and the other one being such that a ribbon cassette 30B 
with a multi-ink ribbon accommodated therein is loaded thereon or no 
ribbon cassette is loaded thereon. A detected signal (usually, ON signal 
is represented by numeral 1 and OFF signal is represented by numeral 0) is 
transmitted to CPU 31. 
FIGS. 13 to 15 illustrate how the cassette detecting means 26 is 
constructed and how it functions. In the illustrated example the cassette 
detecting means 26 is constituted by a single microswitch which is 
attached to the carriage 3. 
FIG. 13 illustrates that the ribbon cassette 30A with a one time ink ribbon 
27 accommodated therein is loaded on the carriage 3. In this case a 
contact piece 26A on the microswitch 26 is depressed by the bottom surface 
of the ribbon cassette 30A whereby the microswitch 26 is turned on. 
FIG. 14 illustrates that the ribbon cassette 30B with a multi-ink ribbon 28 
accommodated therein is loaded on the carriage 3. In this case the contact 
piece 26A on the microswitch 26 is kept in the freely released state and 
thereby the microswitch 26 is turned off. 
FIG. 15 illustrates that no ribbon cassette is loaded on the carriage 3. In 
the case the contact piece 26A on the microswitch 26 is kept in the freely 
released state in the same manner as in the case as shown in FIG. 14 and 
thereby the microswitch is turned off. 
As shown in FIG. 14, the ribbon cassette 30B having the multi-ink ribbon 28 
accommodated therein is formed with a hole 29 into which the contact piece 
26A enters. To this end, for instance, the ribbon cassette 30B may have a 
removable portion 41 at the one corner of the bottom wall as illustrated 
in FIG. 17, the removable portion 41 being removed from the bottom wall by 
bending operation. When the ribbon cassette 30A for an one time ink ribbon 
is loaded on the carriage 3, its bottom wall having the removable portion 
41 formed thereon is placed thereon as it is, that is, without any 
occurrance of removal of the removable portion 41. On the other hand, when 
the ribbon cassette 30B for a multi-ink ribbon is loaded on the carriage 
3, the removable portion 41 is removed from the bottom wall by bending 
operation to form a square hole 29. As a result, one kind of cassette case 
can be used for both the ribbon cassettes 30A and 30B, resulting in cost 
saving being assured. 
In the illustrated example the same recording mode as in the case when the 
ribbon cassette 30B with the hole 29 formed therein is loaded on the 
carriage 3 can be obtained even when no ribbon cassette is loaded thereon. 
Specifically, when the ribbon cassette 30A with the one time ink ribbon 27 
accommodated therein is loaded on the carriage 3 (see FIG. 13), the 
microswitch 26 is turned on and this operative state is discriminated by 
CPU 31 whereby one-way recording operation (movement of the thermal head 4 
only in the one direction from the left to the right or from the right to 
the left) is performed. When the ribbon cassette 30B with the multi-ink 
ribbon 28 accommodated therein is loaded on the carriage 3 (see FIG. 14) 
or when no ink ribbon is loaded thereon (see FIG. 15), the microswitch 26 
is turned off and this operative state is discriminated by CPU 31 whereby 
both-way recording operation (movement of the thermal head 4 in both the 
directions from the left to the right and vice versa) is performed. 
It should be noted that when the ribbon cassette 30A or 30B is loaded on 
the carriage 3 (see FIGS. 13 and 14), recording is achieved in accordance 
with the thermal transfer process using plain sheet material, while when 
no ribbon cassette is loaded thereon (see FIG. 15), recording is achieved 
in accordance with the heat sensitive process using heat sensitive sheet 
material. 
The recording operation as mentioned above is performed in accordance with 
a program stord in ROM which is disposed adjacent to CPU 20. 
FIG. 17 is a flow chart which exemplifies the steps of operations to be 
performed by the control system as illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 16. 
Referring to FIG. 17, when the recording apparatus is activated in Step 
100a, one proceeds to Step 101a at which it is discriminated whether any 
ribbon cassette 30 is loaded or not. As a result of discrimination made in 
that way a ribbon cassette 30B for a multi-ink ribbon 28 with a hole 29 
formed therein as shown in FIG. 14 is loaded on the carriage 3. When it is 
found that the microswitch 26 is kept in the free state (that is, it is 
turned off), it is discriminated that no ribbon cassette is loaded 
thereon. 
When a ribbon cassette 30A with an one time ink ribbon 27 accommodated 
therein is loaded on the carriage 3 and it is discriminated at Step 101a 
that any ribbon cassette is loaded thereon, one proceeds to Step 102a at 
which one-way recording is effected in accordance with the thermal 
transfer process. 
When a ribbon cassette 30B with a multi-ink ribbon 28 accommodated therein 
is loaded on the carriage 3 or no ribbon cassette is loaded thereon and it 
is discriminated at Step 101a that any ribbon cassette is not loaded 
thereon, one proceeds to Step 103a at which both-way recording is 
effected. 
Step 101a is restored while maintaing a predetermined timing relation 
relative to Steps 102a and 103a and the steps of operations as mentioned 
above are repeated. 
As described above, the embodiment of the present invention consists in 
that thermal transfer recording with the use of a one time ink ribbon 
which is suitable for one-way recording and of which recording speed is 
kept at a lower level, thermal transfer recording with the use of a 
multi-ink ribbon, which makes it possible to effect both-way recording 
(high speed recording) and heat sensitive recording without any use of an 
ink ribbon are selectively shifted from one to another in consideration of 
the recording mode suitable for the employed type of recording and 
recording operation can be performed in accordance with any type of 
recording process without any reduction of recording speed and printing 
quality. As a result, the application field of the recording apparatus can 
be enlarged. 
As will be apparent from the above description, the embodiment of the 
present invention has provided a thermal recording apparatus which assures 
that recording can be achieved without any reduction of recording speed 
and printing quality by employing one of a variety of recording modes in 
dependence on the kind of ink ribbon and whether an ink ribbon is used or 
not. 
Finally, description will be made below as to further another embodiment of 
the present invention with reference to FIGS. 18 to 23. 
The embodiment of the present invention to be described below is intended 
to provide a thermal recording apparatus of the type in which recording is 
effected while a thermal head is displaced along a sheet to be recorded, 
wherein when a ribbon cassette with a one time ink ribbon accommodated 
therein is loaded on the carriage, this fact is detected to effect one-way 
recording, when a ribbon cassette with a multi-ink ribbon accommodated 
therein is loaded thereon, this fact is detected to effect irregular 
both-way recording in consideration of winding of the ink ribbon, and when 
any ribbon cassette is not loaded thereon, this fact is detected to effect 
complete both-way recording whereby any one of thermal transfer recording 
with the use of a one time ink ribbon, thermal transfer recording with the 
use of a multi-ink ribbon, and heat sensitive type recording can be 
effectively achieved in compliance with the selection of a user. 
Now, the embodiment of the present invention will be concretely described 
below with reference to FIGS. 18 to 23. The thermal recording apparatus in 
accordance with this embodiment is substantially same to the apparatus as 
shown in FIG. 11 with the exception of a control system and a carriage 
portion. In view of this fact only the carriage portion is illustrated in 
FIGS. 19 to 21 and other parts constituting the apparatus are same as 
those in FIG. 11. 
In this embodiment a ribbon cassette 80A or 80B for feeding an ink ribbon 
to the operative area in front of the recording head 4 is detachably 
loaded on the carriage 81. 
The ribbon cassette 80A or 80B is used in the case where recording is 
effected in accordance with the thermal transfer process. When thermal 
transfer recording operation is performed, plain sheet material is used as 
a sheet 2 and recording is effected while an ink ribbon in the ribbon 
cassette is wound about a ribbon driving shaft (not shown) on the carriage 
81 by rotating the ribbon driving shaft in the predetermined direction. 
Ribbon cassette 80A with the use of a one time ink ribbon adapted to effect 
recording on the same area only a single time or ribbon cassette 80B with 
the use of a multi-ink ribbon adapted to repeatedly effect recording on 
the same area (for instance, by 10 times) is selectively loaded on the 
carriage 81 as the ribbon cassette. 
When recording operation is performed in accordance with the heat sensitive 
recording process, the ribbon cassette is removed from the carriage 3 to 
assume the operative state where no ink ribbon is used and recording is 
then achieved without any use of ink ribbon by allowing the thermal head 4 
to come in pressure contact directly with a heat sensitive sheet 2 (sheet 
material adapted to exhibit a certain color under the effect of heating) 
which is employed in place of plain sheet material. 
During recording operation the thermal head 4 is displaced along the heat 
sensitive sheet 2 while the heating elements on the thermal head 4 are 
activated in response to printing data signal at every time when it is 
brought in pressure contact with the sheet 2. After completion of 
recording operation, line shifting is achieved by transferring the sheet 2 
by a predetermined pitch in the direction as identified by an arrow mark 
P. It should be added that in the case of one-way recording the thermal 
head 4 is caused to return to its home position at every time when 
recording operation is completed by one line. 
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the recording 
operation is so controlled that when a ribbon cassette with a one time ink 
ribbon accommodated therein is loaded on the carriage, this fact is 
detected to effect one-way recording (recording which is effected while 
the thermal head 4 is displaced only in the one direction from the left to 
the right or from the right to the left), when a ribbon cassette with a 
multi-ink ribbon accommodated therein is loaded thereon, this fact is 
detected to effect irregular both-way recording (recording which is 
effected in both the directions, that is, in the leftward and rightward 
direction accompanied by return movement of the thermal head 4) in 
consideration of winding operation of the ink ribbon, and when no ribbon 
cassette is loaded thereon or no ink ribbon is fed to the operative area 
in front of the thermal head 4, this fact is detected to effect complete 
both-way recording (recording which is effected in both the directions 
without any necessity for return movement of the thermal head 4 during 
recording operation). 
In view of the fact that the number of repeated recording operations of a 
multi-ink ribbon is limited (for instance, 10 times), the above-mentioned 
irregular both-way recording is practiced in consideration of the winding 
operation of the ink ribbon in accordance with such a recording mode that 
the thermal head 4 is caused to return one time at every time when 
recording is achieved by the number of recording operations for which the 
multi-ink ribbon can be repeatedly used or by the odd number of recording 
operations (times of the recording operations on the odd number of lines) 
which is close to the first-mentioned number. 
FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a control system for a thermal 
recording apparatus in accordance with the embodiment of the present 
invention. 
Referring to FIG. 18, CPU (microprocessor) 60 in the recording apparatus is 
electrically connected to a host 61 such as computer, word processor or 
the like to receive printing data signal and other necessary command 
signal therefrom. 
CPU 60 is operatively connected to a motor 63 for driving the carriage 3, a 
motor 64 for transferring a sheet 2 (for driving a transferring roller 1), 
a motor 65 for turning up and down the thermal head 4 and a motor 66 for 
driving an ink ribbon or a device for changing the direction of winding of 
the ink ribbon via a driver (driving circuit) 62 to control them in the 
control system. Further, CPU 60 is adapted to activate dot forming means 
(heating elements) in the thermal head 4 in response to printing data 
signal transmitted from the host 61. 
The carriage 3 is provided with a first switch 67 for detecting whether the 
ribbon cassette 80 is loaded thereon or not and a second switch 68 for 
detecting the kind of the ribbon cassette 80, that is, for detecting 
whether the latter is used for a one time ink ribbon or a multi-ink 
ribbon. A signal (ON signal or OFF signal) from each of the switches 67 
and 68 is transmitted to CPU 60. 
FIGS. 19 and 21 illustrate how the first and second switches 67 and 68 are 
loaded on the carriage 3 and how they function. 
Specifically, FIG. 19 illustrates that the ribbon cassette 80A with a one 
time ink ribbon 69 accommodated therein is loaded on the carriage 3. In 
this case contact pieces 67A and 68A of both the first and second switches 
67 and 68 are depressed by the bottom wall of the cassette case and 
thereby both the switches 67 and 68 are turned on. 
Thus, it is detected by the fact that the first switch 67 is turned on that 
a ribbon cassette is loaded on the carriage 3 and moreover it is detected 
by the fact that the second switch 68 is turned on that the thus loaded 
cassette is a ribbon cassette 80A for a one time ink ribbon. 
FIG. 20 illustrates that the ink ribbon cassette 80B for a multi-ink ribbon 
70 is loaded on the carriage 3. As is apparent from the drawing, the 
ribbon cassette 80B is formed with a hole 71 into which the contact piece 
68A of the second switch 68 enters. 
Accordingly, the first switch 67 is turned on due to the fact that its 
contact piece 67A is depressed, while the second switch 68 is turned off 
due to the fact that its contact piece 68A is kept in the freely released 
state. 
Thus, it is detected by the fact that the first switch 67 is turned on that 
a ribbon cassette is loaded on the carriage 3 and moreover it is detected 
by the fact that the second switch 68 is turned on that the thus loaded 
ribbon cassette is a ribbon cassette 80B for a multi-ink ribbon 70. 
FIG. 21 illustrates that no ribbon cassette is loaded on the carriage 3. In 
this case both the contact pieces 67A and 68A of the first and second 
switches 67 and 68 are kept in the freely released state and thereby both 
the first and second switches 67 and 68 are turned on. 
Accordingly, it is detected by the fact that the first switch 67 is turned 
off that no ribbon cassette is loaded on the carriage 3. 
To form the hole 71 in the ribbon cassette 80B for the multi-ink ribbon 70, 
for instance, a method as illustrated in FIG. 22 may be employed. 
Specifically, the bottom wall of the cassette case 72 is previously formed 
with a removable portion 73 at one corner thereof. In the case where the 
one time ink ribbon 69 is accommodated in the cassette case 72, the bottom 
wall of the latter is used as it is and in the case where the multi-ink 
ribbon 70 is accommodated in the cassette case 72, the removable portion 
73 is removed from the bottom wall by a bending operation so that the hole 
71 is produced. By employing the method as mentioned above both the ribbon 
cassettes 80A and 80B can be provided by using a single kind of cassette 
case. 
When the ribbon cassette 80A with the one time ink ribbon 69 accommodated 
therein is loaded on the carriage 3 (see FIG. 19), the first switch 67 is 
turned on and the second switch 68 is also turned on. This fact is 
detected and the result of detection is discriminated by CPU 60 so as to 
allow one-way recording to be effected. Namely, recording operation is 
performed while the thermal head is displaced only in the one direction, 
that is, from the left to the right or from the right to the left. 
When the ribbon cassette 80B with the multi-ink ribbon 70 accommodated 
therein is loaded on the carriage 3 (see FIG. 20), the first switch 67 is 
turned on and the second switch 68 is turned off. This fact is detected 
and the result of detection is discriminated by CPU 60 so as to allow 
irregular both-way recording to be effected in consideration of winding 
operation of the ink ribbon. As mentioned above, the irregular both-way 
recording mode is so designed that the thermal head 4 is caused to return 
by a distance of one line at every time when recording operations are 
performed by 9 times (on 9 lines) on the assumption that the number of 
recording operations for which the multi-ink ribbon 70 can be repeatedly 
used amounts to 10 and thereafter the ink ribbon is wound gradually. 
When no ribbon cassette is loaded on the carriage 3 (see FIG. 21), the 
first switch 67 is turned off. This fact is detected and the result of 
detection is discriminated by CPU 60 so as to allow complete both-way 
recording to be effected. The complete both-way recording mode means 
both-way recording which does not require return movement of the thermal 
head 4 in the course of recording operation. Accordingly, recording 
operation is continuously performed during reciprocable movement of the 
thermal head 4. 
It should be noted that when the ribbon cassettes 80A and 80B are loaded on 
the cartridge 3 respectively (see FIGS. 19 and 20), recording is achieved 
in accordance with the thermal transfer process by using plain sheet 
material and when no ribbon cassette is loaded thereon (see FIG. 21), 
recording is achieved by using heat sensitive sheet material. 
Recording operation as mentioned above is performed in accordance with a 
program stored in ROM which is disposed adjacent to CPU 60. 
FIG. 23 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of operations of the control 
system as shown in FIGS. 18 to 22. 
Referring to FIG. 23, when the recording operation starts its operation at 
Step 100b, one proceeds to Step 101b at which it is discriminated whether 
the ribbon cassettes 80A and 80B are loaded or not. 
When it is discriminated that either of them is loaded, one proceeds to 
Step 102b at which it is discriminated whether the thus loaded ribbon 
cassette is used for a one time ink ribbon or for a multi-ink ribbon. When 
it is found that it is intended to be in use for a one time ink ribbon, 
one proceeds to Step 103b at which one-way recording is achieved. When it 
is found that it is in use for a multi-ink ribbon, one proceeds to Step 
104B at which irregular both-way recording is achieved. 
When it is discriminated at Step 101b that no ribbon cassette is loaded on 
the carriage, one proceeds to Step 105b at which complete both-way 
recording is achieved. 
During recording operation at Steps 103b to 105b Step 101b is restored in 
accordance with a predetermined timing relation and thereafter the steps 
of operations as mentioned above are carried out repeatedly. 
As described above, the embodiment of the present invention is so practiced 
that three types of recording, that is, thermal transfer recording which 
is suitable for one-way recording due to usage of the one time ink ribbon 
69 and operational speed is comparatively low, thermal transfer recording 
which is suitable for irregular both-way recording due to usage of the 
multi-ink ribbon 70 and of which the operational speed is high, and heat 
sensitive recording with is suitable for complete both-way recording due 
to no usage of any ink ribbon and of which the operational speed is high, 
are automatically controlled in accordance with a recording mode which is 
suitably employed for one of the above-mentioned three types of recording. 
Thus, advantageous effects of the embodiment of the present invention are 
that recording operation can be freely performed in accordance with any 
type of recording mode selected in that way without any occurrence of 
reduction of recording speed and degrading of printing quality and 
application field of the above-mentioned types of recording operations can 
be enlarged. 
As will be apparent from the above description, the embodiment of the 
present invention has provided a thermal recording apparatus which assures 
that recording operation is performed without any occurrence of reduction 
of recording speed and degrading of printing quality in accordance with a 
proper recording mode which is automatically selected in dependence on the 
kind of ink ribbon and existence or absence of ink ribbon. 
In the foregoing embodiment a microswitch is used as detecting means. 
However, the present invention should not be limited only to this type of 
detecting means. Alternatively, an optical sensor or like means may be 
employed as detecting means, as required. 
It should be noted that in each of the above-described embodiments of the 
present invention the heating temperature and the heating time of the 
thermal head are properly controlled by the CPU in dependence on the kind 
of recording medium to be used (for instance, plain paper, heat sensitive 
paper, plastic sheet usable for OHP or the like). Further, it should be 
noted that an ink sheet having narrow width or wide width can be used as 
required and any known kind of ink can be used as required. 
Thus, the present invention has provided recording method and apparatus 
which assure that image recording can be effectively achieved on recording 
medium by using a multi-ink sheet. 
While the present invention has been described above with respect to 
several preferred embodiments whereof, it should of course be understood 
that it should not be limited only to them but various changes or 
modifications may be made in any acceptable manner without departure from 
the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.