Monoaxially stretched shaped article of polytetrafluoroethylene and process for producing the same

To produce a monoaxially stretched shaped article of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a pasty mass containing PTFE powder is continuously shaped to a shaped body, which is fed over a plurality of rollers or rolls, heated and stretched. The shaped body is heated to a temperature of between 327.degree. and 450.degree. C. prior to stretching strain, it is sintered simultaneously and is then stretched. This process allows for the production of a monoaxially stretched shaped article of PTFE which has strength values in the stretching direction of at least 500 N/mm.sup.2 and a delivery of between 1.80 and 2.30 g/cm.sup.3.

The invention relates to a monoaxially stretched article of 
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as well as to a process for its production. 
Because of its thermal stability and its chemical inertness, PTFE is an 
appreciated material. However, there are some fields in which its use is 
limited, since one has not yet succeeded in producing a shaped article of 
PTFE which exhibits a high mechanical strength and at the same time a high 
density. 
If such a material were processed to weaving yarns, for instance, it would 
be possible to manufacture particularly long-wearing fabrics of PTFE. The 
combination of excellent strength and high density also would be 
advantageous for wrapping electric conductors, the dielectric breakdown 
strength increasing along with the density. 
At present, PTFE shaped articles having strengths up to 250 N/mm.sup.2 are 
commercially available, yet their densities lie below 1 g/cm.sup.3. These 
shaped articles are produced by stretching unsintered PTFE. On the other 
hand, the sintered PTFE shaped bodies known today have densities of about 
2 g/cm.sup.3, but strengths of no more than about 50 N/mm.sup.2. 
From AT-B 370 674 monoaxially stretched films of sintered PTFE are known, 
whose strengths in the stretching direction range between 50 N/mm.sup.2 
and 140 N/mm.sup.2. These films are produced by pressing PTFE powder to a 
cylindrical shaped article at first. After this, the shaped article is 
sintered, whereupon the films are peeled off, heated to temperatures of at 
least 327.degree. C. and stretched. 
GB-A 2 025 835 describes the production of porous PTFE shaped articles 
according to the paste extrusion method, wherein a pasty mass 
substantially containing PTFE powder and a lubricant is pressed through 
spinnerets, after which the lubricant is removed by drying. Thereafter, 
the shaped article is heated to above the crystallite melting point of 
PTFE (327.degree. C.) and stretched during heating. The strength of the 
shaped article obtained is the higher the larger the stretching ratio. 
However, the density of the shaped article decreases accordingly such 
that, for instance, at a stretch by 550%, the strength rises to 
approximately 42 N/mm.sup.2, while the density drops to about 0.4 
g/cm.sup.3. 
It is the object of the invention to provide a shaped article of PTFE which 
does not have the disadvantages pointed out above and exhibits both a high 
mechanical strength and a high density. 
The PTFE shaped article according to the invention is monoaxially 
stretched, having strength values in the stretching direction of at least 
500 N/mm.sup.2, preferably of at least 700 N/mm.sup.2, and a density of 
between 1.80 and 2.30 g/cm.sup.3, preferably of between 2.00 and 2.20 
g/cm.sup.3, which shaped article preferably is designed as a film, tape, 
weaving yarn or sewing yarn. At the strength values indicated, yarns 
exhibit elongation rates of between 3% and 50%. 
The monoaxially stretched PTFE shaped article according to the invention 
can be produced by continuously forming a pasty mass containing PTFE 
powder to a shaped body, feeding the shaped body over a plurality of 
rollers or rolls, heating and stretching the shaped body, wherein the 
shaped body is heated to a temperature of between 327.degree. and 
450.degree. C., preferably of between 350.degree. and 390.degree. C., 
prior to stretching, being thus sintered and is then stretched. 
An advantageous embodiment of this process according to the invention 
consists in that the shaped body is stretched between a roll or pair of 
rolls heated to a temperature of between 327.degree. and 450.degree. C., 
preferably of between 350.degree. and 390.degree. C., and an unheated take 
off unit. 
It has proved useful to stretch at a ratio of between 1:5 and 1:30, 
preferably of between 1:10 and 1:20. When stretching at a ratio of 1:30, a 
strength of approximately 1150 N/mm.sup.2 is obtained.

At first, PTFE powder, in a manner known per se, is mixed with a lubricant, 
stored for several hours at a temperature of between 20.degree. and 
50.degree. C., and pressed to a shaped body at pressures ranging between 
10 and 50 bar. This shaped body, also in a manner known per se, is then 
extruded to a rod through a single-hole spinneret and rolled to a film, 
which is freed from lubricant by drying. 
This dried film is then continuously fed to the sintering and stretching 
plant schematically illustrated in the drawing. It consists essentially of 
a feeding means 1, two heated rolls 3', 3" and an unheated take off unit 
4, the arrows in the drawing symbolizing the direction of rotation of the 
heated rolls 3', 3" and the pull off direction of the film. 
The film transferred to the feeding means 1 is continuously guided over the 
heated rolls 3', 3" and sintered thereon. In doing so, the film preferably 
is wrapped around the rolls like an "S" in order to get heating from both 
sides. The rolls have been heated to a temperature of at least 327.degree. 
C. Immediately after the sintering process, the film is stretched. The 
film is pulled off by the unheated take off unit 4, which, as illustrated 
in the drawing, comprises several reels. Finally, the stretched material 
is wound on suitable bobbin aggregates. 
To produce tapes, the dried film advantageously is cut by means of a 
cutting bar 2 already when passing the feeding organ 1. 
The invention will be explained in even more detail by way of the following 
examples. 
EXAMPLE 1 
100 parts of PTFE emulsion powder and 23 parts of petrol (boiling range 
186.degree. to 214.degree. C.) were pressed to a cylindrical rod, 
calendered to a film having a thickness of 0.1 mm and dried. Then the film 
was supplied to the feeding means 1, cut into strips of 6 mm width, guided 
over rolls 3', 3" heated to 380.degree. C. whilst being sintered, and 
stretched at a ratio of 1:15 by these rolls. The tape obtained had a 
strength of 835 N/mm.sup.2 at an elongation of 5.6% and a density of 2.12 
g/cm.sup.3. The initial thickness was reduced to 0.0236 mm, the width to 
1.4 mm. 
The PTFE tapes obtained could be processed to a weaving yarn (twisted or 
untwisted) and to a sewing yarn (double twisted). 
EXAMPLE 2 
PTFE pressed to a rod as in Example 1 was rolled to a film of 0.114 mm 
thickness and dried. This film was guided over rolls 3', 3" heated to 
375.degree. C., at a width of 200 mm and simultaneously sintered. 
Immediately upon sintering it was stretched at a ratio of 1:15. The 
strength of the film obtained was 692 N/mm.sup.2 at an elongation of 7.5% 
and a density of 2.17 g/cm.sup.3. The dielectric breakdown strength was 
190 kV/mm. The film had a width of 46.6 mm and a thickness of 0.024 mm. 
The film was free of pores, exhibited good sliding characteristics and 
excellent electric insulating properties and is excellently suited to wrap 
electric conductors. 
EXAMPLE 3 
PTFE pressed to a rod as in Example 1 was rolled to a film of 0.05 mm 
thickness and dried. The film was cut into strips having a width of 25 mm, 
guided over rolls 3', 3" heated to 385.degree. C. and simultaneously 
sintered. Subsequently, stretched at a ratio of 1:15, thus a strength of 
703 N/mm.sup.2 at an elongation of 5.6% and a density of 1.93 g/cm.sup.3, 
was obtained. The width was 5.8 mm and the thickness was 0.013 mm.