Device for separation of bodies

Device for separating bodies with: a conveying device comprising at least one rim proceeding in the conveying direction; at least one guiding device which is permanently mounted at a distance which is significantly smaller than the dimensions perpendicular to the conveying device of the bodies to be separated, which guiding device comprises a deflector which forms an angle with the direction of movement of the conveying device; and a feeding position for the bodies. In order to allow a reliable separation of the bodies, it is provided that the deflector of the guiding device with its--viewed in the conveying direction--trailing edge ends at a distance before the nearest rim of the conveying device, so that an unobstructed conveying path for the bodies to be separated remains between the trailing edge of the deflector and the nearest rim of the conveying device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to a device for the separation of bodies. 
Hollow bodies, especially containers made of paper, plastic or metals, are 
frequently used as packaging material for various products. Owing to 
considerations concerning the economic transport of goods, it is attempted 
to construct particularly lightweight containers. In the foodstuffs 
industry, so-called "lost containers" are frequently utilized due to 
hygienic requirements. Packaging made of such hollow bodies is known to 
the consumer as light bottles, beakers or blister packaging. 
In order to preserve resources and the environment, legislators as well as 
the industry and consumers strive to reuse a part of the garbage resulting 
from packaging, a process which is commonly called recycling. From a 
commercial viewpoint, recycling is feasible only if highly mechanized and 
automated installations are available. In order to gain usable raw 
materials from packaging refuse, a chain of processing steps is required. 
One of these steps is the separation or sorting of the objects, usually 
requiring certain qualitative or quantitative features such as materials, 
size and shape to be identified by a device. In order to allow unambiguous 
recognition, the objects must be directed past the recognition device one 
by one. This takes place through a device which reliably separates the 
objects from a heap and separately conveys them to the succeeding 
processing stage. 
A device as described above is known from the French patent application 
FR-PS 2 259 76, which separates loosely stacked plates of a similar kind. 
This takes place utilizing a rotating cone arranged in a fixed cylinder, 
the rotating direction of said cone being alternated during operation. To 
that end, a special mechanism for controlling the operating sequence is 
required. In particular, the plates in question to be separated are 
massive metallic brake discs, which limit the separating speed through 
their weight. 
Furthermore, a device is known from the DE-OS 24 39 136. Here, a coiler 
plate is provided to whose central area the bodies to be treated, mostly 
similar bodies featuring the shape of a parallelepiped, are applied. Above 
this coiler plate, a guide substantially fashioned from adjoining chords 
of a geometric spiral is arranged which starts close to the center of the 
coiler plate and whose curvature decreases outwardly and which pushes the 
objects outward so that they drop onto a conveyer belt over the rim of the 
coiler plate at an intended place. 
However, this known device serves not so much the separation than an 
alignment of the single objects which is stipulated by the friction 
between said objects and the guide. 
Furthermore, a device has been known from the U.S. Pat. No. 5,248, 025 
which features a coiler plate with a superimposed cone in its center To 
the surface generated by said cone, a number of identical objects, 
particularly tablets, is delivered. Said coiler plate is surrounded by a 
cylinder wall which comprises only one discharge aperture which is 
penetrated by a guide whose unobstructed width corresponds to the diameter 
of one tablet. 
In this device a separation and an arrangment in a row respectively of the 
tablets do take place, the guide tangentially continuing the cylinder wall 
and defining a funnel-shaped aperture for the discharge and alignment of 
the tablets. 
A true separation of objects with a significant distance between the 
objects is not possible with this device, particularly not if the objects 
may vary in their size and shape to a slight though discernible extent. In 
the known case, a deceleration of the tablets eventually occurs in the 
area of the guide due to a lack of impulse, which leads to the tablets 
being discharged lying closely next to each other. 
Furthermore, a separating device for cylindirical bodies of identical size 
and shape with elastically deformable walls has been known from the U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,768,643. In this solution, the bodies are fed to the separating 
device and separated standing upright, the bodies being conveyed on a 
conveyer belt comprising perforations and leading over a suction box, 
above and in small distance to which conveyer belt deflectors are arranged 
at a right angle. Thereby, owing to a sheet cover covering perforations of 
the suction box and comprising an edge proceeding diagonally to the 
conveying direction, the bodies delivered in an area close to the rim are 
picked up by the conveyer belt and discharged from it earlier than the 
other containers, which are fed in a particularly arranged formation. 
These containers are fed into a guide whose width corresponds to the 
diameter of a container and which adjoins to the trailing edge of the 
deflector. The rest is also pushed into the guide made up of two parallel 
guide rails by the deflector proceeding diagonally to the conveying 
direction, and are aligned one by one into the guide. 
The disadvantage of this solution is the high expense of operation due to 
the required maintaining of an underpressure in the suction box. 
Further, from the DE-OS 25 41 813 a separating device for bodies of 
identical size and shape, particularly tablets, has been known, in which 
the bodies to be separated are conveyed on a conveyor belt and, by means 
of a deflector rising up vertically and arranged diagonally to the 
conveying direction, are passed over to an arrangement of conveyor belts 
which run at different speeds and are arranged alongside said conveyer 
belt. The deflector extends diagonally across this arrangement of conveyer 
belts, and adjoining laterally to said arrangement is a discharge conveyer 
belt running at a lower speed than the adjacent conveyer belt belonging to 
said arrangement. A separation of the bodies takes place by means of the 
arrangement of several conveyer belts which can be driven at different 
speeds, in combination with the deflector. 
The disadvantage of this arrangement lies in the complicated construction 
required. Additionally, such a device is suited solely for bodies which 
can stand upright with a high degree of stability, but not for relatively 
lightweight hollow bodies of low stability. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is the object of the present invention to propose a device of the kind 
described above, which allows a reliable separation of bodies which are 
similar to each other in size and shape, the term "similar" however being 
understood not in a strict mathematical sense but rather meaning that the 
bodies do differ to a discernible extent in size and shape. 
It is a further object of the invention to propose such a device which 
allows the separation of objects of low stability. 
The device in question may be designed comprising a straight conveying 
device featuring a conveying speed constant over its width due to its 
infinite radius and the resulting constant angular velocity. 
In accordance with the invention, this is attained in a device for 
separating bodies of similar shape and size, which comprises a conveying 
device for loosely supporting the bodies and conveying the loosely 
supported bodies substantially continuously and at a constant velocity in 
a conveying direction. The conveying device has a feeding station for the 
bodies and two rims extending from the feeding station in the conveying 
direction, one of the rims being an unobstructed discharge rim. At least 
two guiding devices are fixedly mounted above the conveying device at a 
distance substantially smaller than dimensions of the bodies extending 
perpendicularly to the conveying device, each guiding device comprising a 
deflector extending obliquely to the conveying direction and having an 
edge trailing the conveyed bodies in the conveying direction. The edges of 
the obliquely extending deflectors of the guiding devices immediately 
succeeding each other in the conveying direction face different rims and 
are spaced from the rims to define an unobstructed conveying path between 
the edges and the nearest rim, the nearest rim from which the deflector 
edge of a first one of the guiding devices is spaced being the 
unobstructed discharge rim. 
The conveying device may be formed by a conveyer belt running at 
substantially constant speed, though conveying devices in the form of a 
roller-conveyer with rollers which can at least partly be propelled, as 
well as a chain conveyer or a jointed-band conveyer, are conceivable. 
Additionally, it is possible to provide a circular coiler plate. 
Basically, all conveyer devices may be used which comprise a substantially 
smooth surface in the conveying area, conveyer belts however being 
preferable for reasons of a straightforward design. 
The deflector devices arranged above the conveyer device cause the 
bodies--possibly lying side-by-side--to be shoved toward a rim of the 
conveying device, resulting in the body lying closer to the rim falling 
off the conveying device in the case of bodies lying side-by-side. 
Additionally, by means of the deflectors running diagonally, it is ensured 
that bodies lying side-by-side collide with the deflectors at different 
instants and therefore are decelerated or deflected respectively at 
different moments, resulting in the bodies shifting in opposite directions 
and this way being separated. 
The seperating device has the advantage that the bodies are deflected 
several times during their transport on the conveying device, ensuring a 
very extensive separation of the bodies, even if they slightly differ in 
size and shape. 
If the separating device comprises at least one further guiding device 
succeeding the one guiding device in the conveying direction and the edge 
of the deflector of each further guiding device is positioned gradually 
closer to the unobstructed discharge rim, the edge of the deflector of a 
last one further guiding device being spaced from the unobstructed 
discharge rim a distance substantially corresponding to a dimension of the 
largest ones of the bodies extending parallel to the conveying device the 
advantage arises that the size of bodies to be separated may be limited. 
Additionally, a very high degree of reliability of the separation of the 
bodies is reached this way. 
If another guiding device is arranged between the one guiding device and 
the immediately succeeding guiding device, the deflector of the other 
guiding device extending obliquely from the unobstructed discharge rim 
towards the other rim and ending before a center line of the conveying 
device falling off of bodies at the second rim of the conveying device can 
largely be prevented, a very extensive separation of the bodies resulting 
when they run off the deflector which ends before the center of the 
conveying device. 
preferably, the other guiding device comprises a deflector area extending 
perpendicularly to the conveying direction and immediately adjoining the 
unobstructed discharge rim, and the deflector area may have a width 
corresponding substantially to one fourth the dimension of the largest 
ones of the bodies extending parallel to the conveying device. This has 
the advantage that, in the case of bodies lying side-by-side, the one 
lying closer to the discharge rim is decelerated accordingly when it hits 
the area of the deflector leading away from the discharge rim, which area 
runs substantially at a right angle to the conveying direction. In most 
cases, said body also rotates around an axis running perpendicularly to 
its contact surface, through which the two bodies are separated. 
If at least some of the deflectors of the guiding devices overlap in the 
conveying direction, each body fed onto the conveying device must touch a 
deflector of a guiding device, resulting in a separation of bodies 
possibly lying side-by-side. 
In this context it is particularly advantageous if the deflector of the 
other guiding device has a projected dimension measured perpendicularly to 
the conveying direction from the unobstructed discharge rim corresponding 
substantially to a width of the unobstructed conveying path between the 
edge of the deflector of the one guiding device and the unobstructed rim. 
In order to obtain an alignment of the bodies in the conveying direction, 
the one guiding device and the further guiding devices preferably comprise 
sliding areas adjoining the edges of the deflectors thereof, the sliding 
areas extending parallel to the conveying direction. 
The separating device preferably further comprises a return mechanism 
arranged adjacent and below the unobstructed discharge rim, the return 
mechanism receiving bodies discharged over the unobstructed discharge rim 
and conveying the discharged bodies to the feed station. This allows a 
continuous operation of the device with low personnel costs. 
preferably, a last one of the guiding devices in the conveying direction 
has a deflector obliquely extending towards a center line of the conveying 
device, and at least one sensing device is arranged in the range of the 
deflector of the last guiding device. This makes it possible to 
distinguish the single bodies according to certain criteria, such as the 
material they are made of, particularly if, owing to the composition of 
the mixture of different bodies, it can be expected that only two 
different kinds of bodies are contained in the supplied mixture. 
In the case that the bodies have to be sorted out from a mixture of greater 
variety, succeeding the separation device according the invention a 
sorting device may be installed, in which the separated bodies are led 
past a greater number of sensors one by one and are sorted according to 
certain criteria. 
If the guiding devices are mounted adjustably it is possible to adjust the 
angle which the deflectors of the guiding devices form with the conveying 
direction as well as the width of the unobstructed conveying paths between 
the trailing edges of the deflectors and the discharge rim of the 
conveying device according to the respective given requirements. 
A further adaptation and optimization of the separation is possible if the 
constant conveying velocity is adjustable in dependence on the weight of 
the bodies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the 
drawing, which schematically shows a device according the invention. 
The device according to the invention comprises a conveying device 1 formed 
by a revolving conveyer belt, the conveying strand of the device running 
with substantially constant but adjustable speed in the conveying 
direction 2 from a feeding position 3 to a discharging point 4. 
At a slight distance above the conveying strand of the conveying device 1, 
fixed guiding devices 5, 6, 7, 8 are held, the distance between the 
conveying strand and the lower rim of the guiding devices 5, 6, 7, 8, 
being smaller than the lowest height of a body occuring among the bodies 
to be separated. 
The guiding device 5 comprises a deflector 11 proceeding diagonally in the 
conveying direction 2 from an edge 10 of the conveying device 1. The 
deflector 11 ends at a distance from one discharge rim 12 of the conveying 
device 1, so that an unobstructed conveying path for the bodies 9 to be 
separated remains between the trailing edge 13 of the deflector 11 and the 
discharge rim 12 of the conveying device 1. 
Adjoining to the trailing edge 13 of the deflector 11 of the guiding device 
5, there is a sliding area 14 which proceeds in the conveying direction 2 
and which limits the unobstructed conveying path. 
Succeeding the guiding device 5 in the conveying direction 2 is a guiding 
device 6, proceeding substantially diagonally from the discharge rim 12 in 
the direction towards the center of the conveying device 1. The guiding 
device 6 thereby comprises an area 15 adjoining immediately to the 
discharge rim 12 and procedding substantially at a right angle to the 
conveying direction 2. This area 15 has a width which corresponds 
substantially to a fourth of the width or of the diameter of the largest 
among the bodies 9 to be separated. 
Adjoining to the area 15 is a deflector 16 proceeding in the conveying 
direction diagonally towards the center of the conveying device 1 and 
ending before the center of the conveying device 1. 
Thereby, the width of the guiding device 6 projected perpendicularly to the 
conveying direction 2 covers the width of the unobstructed conveying path 
remaining between the trailing edge 13 of the guiding device 5 and the 
discharge rim 12. 
Succeeding the guiding device 6 in the conveying direction 2 is a further 
guiding device 7 which proceeds in the conveying direction diagonally from 
the rim 10 toward the discharge rim 11. In the area of the guiding device 
6, the deflector 17 comes closer to the discharge rim 12 than the 
deflector 11 of the preceding guiding device 5, resulting in a smaller 
distance between the trailing edge 18 and the discharge rim 12 than in the 
area of the guiding device 5 and therefore resulting in a narrower 
conveying path. 
Analogous to the guiding device 6, a sliding area 19 proceeding in the 
conveying direction 2 adjoins to the trailing edge 18 of the deflector 17. 
Succeeding the guiding device 7 is the guiding device 8 which proceeds 
diagonally from the discharge rim 12 toward the center of the conveying 
device 1. Adjoining to the deflector 20, which proceeds from the discharge 
rim 12, is a sliding area 21 proceeding in the conveying direction 2. This 
sliding area, combined with a guide 22 proceeding in the conveying 
direction 2, defines a conveying path for the separated bodies 9, a 
falling off the conveying device of the bodies 9 being prevented here. 
In the area of the guiding device 8, a sensing device 23 for recognition is 
arranged which analyzes and respectively identifies the separated bodies 9 
according to certain criteria, such as their color and the material they 
are made of. 
At the discharge point 4, the separated bodies 9 drop onto a processing 
device not shown in the drawing, such as a sorter which sorts the bodies 9 
according to the criteria identified by the sensing device mentioned above 
and which is connected to said sensing device by signal lines not shown in 
the drawing. 
Next to the discharge rim 12 of the conveying device 1 and at a lower 
level, a return mechanism 24 is arranged which is indicated in the drawing 
only by a line of arrows. The return mechanism returns bodies 9 which have 
fallen off the discharge rim 12 to the feeding position 3 so that they are 
again fed to the separating device. 
As can be seen in the drawing, the bodies 9 supplied to the area of the 
feeding position 3 are deflected toward the discharge rim 12 by the 
guiding device 5, a portion of the bodies 9 thereby falling onto the 
return mechanism 24. A portion of the bodies 9 reaches the guiding device 
6 through the unobstructed conveying path between the trailing edge 13 and 
the discharge rim 12, the outward body 9 thereby hitting the area 15 of 
the guiding device 6 and as a result being decelerated, whereas the body 
lying inward is solely deflected towards the center of the conveying 
device 1. As a result, a separation of the two bodies 9 intially lying 
side-by-side is achieved. 
Consequently, the bodies 9 are deflected toward the discharge rim 12 by the 
guiding device 7. Since the unobstructed conveying path between the 
trailing edge 18 and the discharge rim 12 is narrower than between the 
trailing edge 13 and the discharge rim 12, bodies 9 that possibly still 
lie side-by-side are dropped off the rim and returned to the feeding 
position 3 by the return mechanism 24, e.g. a conveyer belt. 
Eventually, the separated bodies 9 in consecutive order reach the guiding 
device 8 which deflects them towards the center of the conveying device 1, 
whereby they are lead past the sensing device 23 which analyzes and 
identifies them according to certain criteria.