Silicone adhesive film

A silicone adhesive film comprising (A) a biaxially oriented aromatic polyester film, and (B) a crosslinked primer layer which is present on at least one surface of the aromatic polyester film and is formed of a crosslinked polymer of (a) alkoxysilane having a functional group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, vinyl group and mercaptoalkyl group and (b) alkoxysilane having an amino group; a production method thereof; and a release film.

This invention relates to a silicone adhesive film, a production method 
thereof and a release film. 
A release film is used as an adhesion surface-protecting film for a 
cohesive, adhesive, pasting medicine or the like or as a carrier sheet for 
forming a sheet of a curable resin such as an urethane resin, epoxy resin 
or unsaturated polyester resin or a sheet of a thermoplastic resin, and 
its use is expanding. 
As the release film has been conventionally used a polyester film having on 
at least one surface thereof a silicon coating film formed from a cured 
addition polymerization product of a silicone compound having a 
vinylcyclohexane group, a cured polycondensation product of alkyloxysilane 
or an oxysilane compound, or the like. Although the silicone coating film 
is non-viscous and excellent in releasing effect and heat stability, it is 
hard to say that it is satisfactory in adhesion to a polyester film as a 
base film, and hence, a problem lies in that its durability is low. 
To cope with this problem, a method for forming a crosslinked primer layer 
of a silane coupling agent (JP-A 1-5838 (the term "JP-A" as used herein 
means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application") is proposed 
to improve adhesion between the silicone coating film and a polyester 
film. However, this method has such problems as a low reactivity of the 
silane coupling agent and low productivity. To improve this reactivity, a 
platinum-based catalyst is added to an organic solvent system. However, 
this catalyst has a defect in that it is hardly soluble in water and it 
loses catalytic activity even when it is dissolved in water. Hence, it is 
not suitable for use in an aqueous coating solution. 
To improve adhesion between a silicone layer and a polyester film, there is 
also proposed a method in which a silicone modified urethane or acrylic 
resin is used as a release layer. However, this method has an essential 
defect that the release layer is inferior in releasability. 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a silicone 
adhesive film which exhibits excellent adhesion to silicone. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of 
producing the above silicone adhesive film of the present invention 
industrially advantageously and at a high output. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a release 
film which uses the silicone adhesive film of the present invention. 
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent 
from the following description. 
According to the present invention, the above objects and advantages of the 
present invention can be firstly attained by a silicone adhesive film 
which comprises: 
(A) a biaxially oriented aromatic polyester film; and 
(B) a crosslinked primer layer which is present on at least one surface of 
the aromatic polyester film and is formed from a crosslinked polymer of 
alkoxysilane having a functional group selected from the group consisting 
of an epoxy group, vinyl group and mercaptoalkyl group and alkoxysilane 
having an amino group. 
In the present invention, as the aromatic polyester is preferably used a 
polyester comprising an aromatic dibasic acid as a main acid component and 
an aliphatic diol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms as a main diol component. 
The aromatic dibasic acid is used in a proportion of at least 50 mol %, 
preferably at least 75 mol %, more preferably at least 90 mol %, 
particularly preferably at least 95 mol %, based on the total of all the 
acid components. The aliphatic diol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is used in 
a proportion of at least 50 mol %, preferably at least 75 mol %, more 
preferably at least 90 mol %, particularly preferably 95 mol %, based on 
the total of all the diol components. 
The aromatic dicarboxylic acid is preferably terephthalic acid, isophthalic 
acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid or the like. The aliphatic diol 
having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably ethylene glycol, propylene 
glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, 
decamethylene glycol, cyclohexylene dimethanol, or the like. 
The aromatic polyester is preferably a crystalline linear saturated 
polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, 
polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene 
dicarboxylate, poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate), or the 
like. 
The aromatic polyester may contain an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid 
component, for example, as a minor acid component other than the main acid 
component and poly(C.sub.2-4 alkylene glycol), for example, as a minor 
diol component other than the main diol component. 
The aromatic polyester may be used as a blend with another resin as 
required. 
The aromatic polyester preferably has an intrinsic viscosity, measured in 
orthochlorophenol at 35.degree. C., of 0.6 to 0.75 dl/g, more preferably 
0.05 to 0.75 dl/g. 
The biaxially oriented aromatic polyester film of the present invention can 
be produced by any of conventionally known methods. For example, it can be 
produced by the steps of drying the above polyester, melt-extruding it 
over a cooling drum from a die (such as a T die or I die) to cool so as to 
give an unstretched film, stretching the unstretched film biaxially, and 
further heat-setting the biaxially oriented film. The thickness of the 
film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 12 to 250 .mu.m. 
Although a polyester film containing no lubricant is preferred from a 
viewpoint of surface flatness, it may contain a lubricant for controlling 
surface roughness, such as inorganic fine particles exemplified by calcium 
carbonate, kaolin, silica or titanium oxide and/or fine particles 
precipitated from a residual catalyst. The lubricant is preferably fine 
particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm and 
preferably contained in a polyester in a proportion of 1 to 15% by weight. 
In addition to the above lubricant, the film can contain other additives 
such as an antistatic agent exemplified by dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid 
soda, color tone control agent and the like. 
In the present invention, a crosslinked primer layer composed of a 
crosslinked polymer of (a) alkoxysilane having an epoxy group or the like 
and (b) alkoxysilane having an amino group is present on at least one 
surface of the biaxially oriented aromatic polyester film. 
The alkoxysilane (a) having an epoxy group or the like is preferably 
represented by the following formula (I): 
EQU XSiZ.sub.3 (I) 
wherein X is an alkyl group having an epoxy group which may be interrupted 
by oxygen, a vinyl group or a mercaptoalkyl group and Z's may be the same 
or different and are selected from an alkoxyl group and an alkyl group, 
provided that at least two Z's are an alkoxyl group. 
The alkyl group having an epoxy group which may be interrupted by oxygen is 
selected from glycidyloxypropyl, glycidyloxymethyl, glycidyloxyethyl and 
the like. The mercaptoalkyl group is selected from mercaptopropyl, 
mercaptomethyl, mercaptoethyl and the like. 
Preferred examples of the alkoxysilane represented by the above formula (I) 
include .gamma.-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 
.gamma.-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 
vinyltrimethoxysilane, .gamma.-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and the 
like. 
The alkoxysilane having an amino group (b) is preferably represented by the 
following formula (II): 
EQU YSiZ.sub.3 (II) 
wherein Y is an aminoalkyl group and Z is the same as defined in the above 
formula (I). 
Illustrative examples of the alkoxysilane having an amino group (b) include 
N-.beta.(aminoethyl)-.gamma.-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 
N-.beta.(aminoethyl)-.gamma.-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and the 
like. 
The alkoxysilane having an epoxy group or the like (a) and the alkoxysilane 
having an amino group (b) (sometimes both together may be referred to as 
"silane coupling agent" hereinafter) are preferably a compound having 
water-solubility or water-dispersibility. 
The alkoxysilane having an epoxy group or the like (a) and the alkoxysilane 
having an amino group (b) are preferably used in a weight ratio which 
satisfies the following expression (1). 
EQU 99.9/0.1.ltoreq.a/b.ltoreq.80/20 (1) 
In the above expression (1), a and b indicate, respectively, parts by 
weight of the alkoxysilane having an epoxy group or the like and parts by 
weight of the alkoxysilane having an amino group, based on 100 parts by 
weight of the total of the alkoxysilane having an epoxy group or the like 
and the alkoxysilane having an amino group. 
The silicone adhesive film of the present invention may preferably contain 
basic inorganic particles in the crosslinked primer layer. 
Preferred examples of the basic inorganic particles include iron oxide sol, 
alumina sol, tin oxide sol, zirconium oxide sol, silica sol and the like. 
Of these, alumina sol and silica sol are preferred, and silica sol having 
an effect of promoting the initial reactivity (dimerization, trimerization 
or the like) of a silane coupling agent is particularly preferred. 
The basic inorganic particles preferably have a small particle diameter 
with a large surface area, that is, an average particle diameter of 1 to 
150 nm, more preferably 2 to 100 nm, particularly preferably 3 to 50 nm. 
If the average particle diameter is more than 150 nm, the surface area 
will be too small, whereby the effect of promoting the reaction of a 
silane coupling agent may deteriorate and the surface of the crosslinked 
primer layer may become rough disadvantageously. On the other hand, if the 
average particle diameter is less than 1 nm, the surface area will be too 
large, whereby the control of the reactivity of the silane coupling agent 
may become difficult disadvantageously. 
The amount of the basic inorganic particles is preferably 1 to 50% by 
weight, particularly preferably 2 to 20% by weight, based on the amount of 
the silane coupling agent. If the amount is less than 1% by weight, the 
crosslinking reaction of the silane coupling agent will be difficult to 
proceed, while if the amount is more than 50% by weight, a coating 
solution will lack its stability in forming the crosslinked primer layer, 
with the result that a precipitate may be undesirably produced in the 
coating solution in a short period of time after the addition of inorganic 
fine particles. 
According to the present invention, there is also provided the following 
method of producing the above silicone adhesive film of the present 
invention. (i) A method of producing a silicone adhesive film comprising 
the steps of: 
(1) forming on at least one surface of a biaxially oriented aromatic 
polyester film a coating film containing alkoxysilane having a functional 
group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group, vinyl group 
and mercaptoalkyl group and alkoxysilane having an amino group, and then, 
(2) drying and heat-crosslinking the coating film to form a primer layer 
composed of a crosslinked polymer. 
The coating film formed in the step (1) is obtained by applying a coating 
solution containing the above silane coupling agent and preferably further 
basic inorganic particles to at least one surface of the biaxially 
oriented aromatic polyester film. 
The pH value of a coating solution, particularly an aqueous coating 
solution, containing a silane coupling agent and preferably further basic 
inorganic fine particles is adjusted to 4.0 to 7.0, preferably 5.0 to 6.7. 
If the pH value is less than 4.0, the catalytic activity of the inorganic 
fine particles will be lost, while if the pH is more than 7.0, the coating 
solution will become unstable, whereby a precipitate may be produced 
disadvantageously. An acid for adjusting the pH value is an inorganic acid 
such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid, or an organic 
acid such as oxalic acid, formic acid, citric acid or acetic acid, and of 
these, an organic acid is most preferred. 
The coating solution, particularly the aqueous solution, may be blended 
with a required amount of a surfactant such as an anionic surfactant, 
cationic surfactant or nonionic surfactant. It is preferred to use a 
surfactant which can reduce the surface tension of the coating solution to 
not more than 50 dyne/cm, preferably not more than 40 dyne/cm and promote 
wetting to a polyester film. Illustrative examples of the surfactant 
include polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene-fatty acid 
ester sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerine fatty acid ester, fatty acid 
metal soap, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkylsulfosuccinate, 
quaternary ammonium chloride salt, alkyl amine hydrochloric acid and the 
like. Further, other additives such as an antistatic agent, ultraviolet 
absorber, pigment, organic filler, lubricant, anti-blocking agent and the 
like can be mixed in a range that does not impair the effect of the 
present invention. 
The solids content of the coating solution is preferably not more than 30% 
by weight, particularly preferably not more than 10% by weight. The amount 
of the coating solution to be coated is preferably 0.5 to 20 g, 
particularly preferably 1 to 10 g, per 1 m.sup.2 of the film. 
Any conventional coating method can be employed to apply the coating 
solution, such as a kiss-roll coating, die coating, reverse coating, 
offset gravure coating, Meyer bar coating, gravure coating, roll brushing, 
spray coating, air knife coating, impregnation and curtain coating. They 
may be employed alone or in combination. 
In the subsequent step (2) of the method of the present invention, a primer 
layer composed of a crosslinked polymer is formed by drying and 
heat-crosslinking a coating film formed on at least one surface of the 
biaxially oriented aromatic polyester film in the step (1). 
The step of drying and heat-crosslinking the biaxially oriented aromatic 
polyester film having the above coating film is generally carried out at a 
temperature of 180 to 230.degree. C. for 10 seconds to 5 minutes. 
Although the coating can be carried out in the step of coating a primer, 
that is, the step of coating a polyester film which has been biaxially 
oriented and heat-set, separately from the production step of the film, it 
is desirable that the coating be carried out in a clean atmosphere because 
dust and dirt are apt to be included and from this point of view, the 
coating be carried out in the process of producing a polyester film. 
Particularly preferably, an aqueous coating solution is applied to one 
surface or both surfaces of a polyester film before termination of crystal 
orientation in an in-line coating step of the production process. 
In this respect, the polyester film before termination of crystal 
orientation is an unstretched film obtained by thermally melting a 
polyester; a stretched film obtained by stretching an unstretched film in 
a longitudinal direction (lengthwise direction) or a transverse direction 
(width direction); a biaxially oriented film obtained by stretching a film 
in both longitudinal and transverse directions at a low stretch ratio 
(i.e., a biaxially oriented film before it is further re-stretched in a 
longitudinal or transverse direction to terminate crystal orientation); 
and the like. 
In other words, according to the present invention, there is further 
provided the following method of producing the silicone adhesive aromatic 
polyester film of the present invention. 
A method of producing a silicone adhesive film comprising the steps of: 
(1) forming on at least one surface of an unoriented or insufficiently 
oriented aromatic polyester film a coating film containing alkoxysilane 
having a functional group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy 
group, vinyl group and mercaptoalkyl group and alkoxysilane having an 
amino group, and 
(2) sufficiently orienting the aromatic polyester film having the coating 
film, drying and heat-crosslinking the coating film during orientation to 
form a primer layer composed of a crosslinked polymer. 
The polyester film having a coating film before termination of crystal 
orientation is introduced into the step (2) of drying, stretching and 
heat-setting. For example, a polyester film which has been coated with an 
aqueous solution and monoaxially stretched in a longitudinal direction is 
supplied to a stenter to be stretched in a transverse direction and 
heat-set. During this processing, the coating solution is dried and 
heat-crosslinked. 
The crystal orientation conditions of the polyester film, such as 
stretching and heat-setting conditions, may be ones accumulated by those 
skilled in the art. 
The thus obtained crosslinked primer layer of the silicone adhesive film of 
the present invention exhibits excellent adhesion to both a polyester film 
and silicone. Therefore, when the silicone adhesive film of the present 
invention is used, for example, to form a silicone release layer on a 
crosslinked primer layer, a release film having excellent durability can 
be obtained. 
Therefore, according to the present invention, there is further provided a 
release film comprising: 
(A) a biaxially oriented aromatic polyester film, 
(B) a crosslinked primer layer present on at least one surface of the 
aromatic polyester film and composed of a crosslinked polymer of 
alkoxysilane having a functional group selected from the group consisting 
of an epoxy group, vinyl group and mercaptoalkyl group and alkoxysilane 
having an amino group, and 
(C) a silicone release layer present on the crosslinked primer layer. 
The silicone release layer is preferably a cured coating film obtained by 
subjecting polyorganosiloxane having an unsaturated hydrocarbon group such 
as a vinyl group and polyorganosiloxane having a hydrogen atom directly 
bonded to a silicon atom to an addition reaction in the presence of a 
platinum compound as a catalyst, a cured film obtained by subjecting 
polyorganosiloxane having a hydroxyl group bonded to a silicon atom and 
organosilane having a hydrolyzable group (such as alkoxy group, oxime 
group, acetoxy group or the like) or polysiloxane to a condensation 
reaction in the presence of an organic tin or organic titanium compound as 
a catalyst, and the like. 
The cured film is formed by applying a coating solution for the formation 
of the film to a primer layer and curing the solution on the primer layer. 
Silicone for the formation of the film is dissolved in a solvent such as 
toluene, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone or 
the like to prepare a coating solution. It is preferred to add a trace 
amount of a catalyst such as an organic platinum compound to this coating 
solution for the promotion of a polymerization reaction. Spinner coating, 
spray coating, bar coating, gravure coating, reverse coating or the like 
may be used to apply this coating solution. 
The thickness of the silicone release layer is preferably 0.01 to 10 .mu.m, 
more preferably 0.02 to 5 .mu.m, in a dry state. If the thickness is 
smaller than 0.01 .mu.m, releasability will be insufficient and if the 
thickness is larger than 10 .mu.m, silicone will be transferred to a 
pressure-sensitive adhesive easily due to insufficient polymerization. 
The thus obtained release layer is excellent in adhesion to a polyester 
film through a primer layer and in durability, and experiences little 
transfer of a release layer component to a pressure-sensitive agent or the 
like. 
The silicone adhesive film of the present invention is not restricted by 
the characteristic properties of silicone formed on the crosslinked primer 
layer and can be used for various applications thanks to the 
characteristic properties of the silicone. 
The following examples are given to further illustrate the present 
invention. The value of each characteristic properties in the examples 
were measured in accordance with the following methods. "Parts" in the 
examples means "parts by weight". 
1. Properties of Non-transfer to Back Surface 
A polyester film having a release layer-formed surface was placed upon a 
polyester film not having a release layer-formed surface such that both 
the surfaces were faced to each other. A load of 6 kg/cm.sup.2 was applied 
onto the films for 18 hours and then, a line was drawn on the release 
layer non-formed surface with a felt-tipped marker, and repellence to the 
marker ink was observed to evaluate the properties of non-transfer to back 
surface (simply referred to as "non-transfer properties" hereinafter) 
based on the following criteria. 
.circleincircle.: No repellence was observed. 
. . very excellent in non-transfer properties 
.DELTA.: Slight repellence was observed. 
. . slightly inferior in non-transfer properties 
.times.: Repellence was observed. 
. . inferior in non-transfer properties 
2. Releasability 
A 24 mm-wide cellophane tape was adhered to a release layer-formed surface 
of the polyester film by applying a pressure to it with a rubber roll, and 
a peel strength (peel resistance value: g/24 mm) required for peeling the 
cellophane tape from the release layer-formed surface at a peeling angle 
of 180.degree. was measured using an Instron-type tensile tester to 
evaluate releasability of the polyester film based on the following 
criteria. 
peel strength: less than 10 g/24 mm 
. . good releasability 
peel strength: not less than 10 g/24 mm 
. . poor releasability 
3. Silicone Adhesion 
(A) Initial Adhesion 
A release layer surface of a release film obtained immediately after the 
formation of a release layer (immediately after application and drying) 
was rubbed by finger several times and the falling-off or adhesion state 
of the release layer was observed to evaluate initial adhesion based on 
the following criteria. 
(B) Durable Adhesion 
After a release film was maintained in an atmosphere of 60.degree. 
C..times.80% RH for one week, the surface of a release layer was rubbed by 
finger several times, and the falling-off or adhesion state of the release 
layer was observed to evaluate durable adhesion based on the following 
criteria. 
[Criteria] 
.circleincircle.: No change in release layer was observed 
. . good adhesion 
.largecircle.: Slight whitening caused by peeling off of release layer was 
observed 
. . somewhat good adhesion 
.DELTA.: Whitening caused by peeling off of release layer was observed in 
most portions 
. . somewhat poor adhesion 
.times.: Release layer was completely peeled off 
. . poor adhesion

EXAMPLES 1 TO 7 AND COMATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 3 
(1) Polyethylene terephthalate (containing 500 ppm of a lubricant) having 
an intrinsic viscosity, measured in orthochlorophenol at 35.degree. C., of 
0.65 dl/g was melt extruded onto a rotary cooling drum maintained at 
20.degree. C. to obtain a 950 .mu.m-thick unstretched film. Thereafter, 
the unstretched film was stretched to 3.5 times in a longitudinal 
direction (machine direction) at 90.degree. C. to obtain a monoaxially 
stretched film. An aqueous solution having a solids content of 4% by 
weight and a pH value of 6.3 and containing a silane coupling agent and 
nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) shown in Table 1 
was applied to one surface of the monoaxially stretched film by a 
kiss-roll coating. Subsequently, the film was stretched to 3.9 times in a 
transverse direction at 105.degree. C. and further heat-treated at 
210.degree. C. for 10 seconds to obtain a polyester film having a primer 
layer-coated layer of 75 .mu.m in film thickness. 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Pretreatment Primer composition 
of monoaxially 
Silane coupling agent 
Surfactant 
stretched (A) (B) (C) 
film Kind (wt %) 
Kind (wt %) 
Kind (wt %) 
______________________________________ 
Ex. 1 No A-1 (80) B-1 (5) C-1 (15) 
Ex. 2 No A-1 (76) B-1 (9) C-1 (15) 
Ex. 3 No A-1 (80) B-2 (5) C-1 (15) 
Ex. 4 No A-2 (80) B-1 (5) C-1 (15) 
Ex. 5 No A-2 (80) B-2 (5) C-1 (15) 
Ex. 6 No A-1 (80) B-1 (5) C-2 (15) 
Ex. 7 Corona A-1 (94) B-1 (6) -- (0) 
treatment 
Comp. No A-1 (85) -- (0) C-1 (15) 
Ex. 1 
Comp. No -- (0) B-1 (85) 
C-1 (15) 
Ex. 2 
Comp. No -- (0) -- (0) -- (0) 
Ex. 3 
______________________________________ 
Ex.: Example 
Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example 
In Table 1, symbols for primer layer components indicate the following 
compounds. 
A-1: .gamma.-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 
A-2: .gamma.-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane 
B-1: N-.beta.(aminoethyl)-.gamma.-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane 
B-2: N-.beta.(aminoethyl)-.gamma.-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane 
C-1: surfactant having a structure represented by the following formula 
(III). 
##STR1## 
C-2: surfactant having a structure represented by the following formula 
(IV). 
##STR2## 
(2) Separately, a solution having a solids content of 5% was prepared by 
dissolving KS-772 (trade name) supplied by Shinetsu Chemical Co. Ltd. in 
toluene. (The KS-772 is a product of a type which is cured by adding a 
platinum catalyst to a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and 
methylhydrogenpolysiloxane to cause an addition reaction.) 
This solution was applied onto the primer layer of the above primer coated 
polyester films in a coating amount of 1 g/m.sup.2, dried and cured at 
150.degree. C. for a residence time of 1 minute to form a release film. 
The evaluation results of this release film are shown in Table 2. 
TABLE 2 
______________________________________ 
Non- Silicone adhesion 
transfer 
Releas- Initial Durable 
properties 
ability adhesion adhesion 
______________________________________ 
Ex. 1 .circleincircle. 
6 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
Ex. 2 .circleincircle. 
5 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
Ex. 3 .circleincircle. 
6 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
Ex. 4 .circleincircle. 
7 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
Ex. 5 .circleincircle. 
8 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle..about..smallcircle. 
Ex. 6 .circleincircle. 
8 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
Ex. 7 .circleincircle. 
7 .circleincircle. 
.circleincircle. 
Comp. Ex. 1 
.circleincircle. 
6 .circleincircle. 
.DELTA..about..smallcircle. 
Comp. Ex. 2 
.circleincircle. 
6 .circleincircle..about..smallcircle. 
.DELTA..about..smallcircle. 
Comp. Ex. 3 
x 4 x x 
______________________________________ 
Ex.: Example, Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example 
As is evident from the results of Table 2, release films using the silicone 
adhesive polyester film of the present invention are excellent in the 
properties of non-transfer to back surface, releasability, initial 
silicone adhesion and durable silicone adhesion.