Device for injecting a fluid into a receptacle

A receptacle includes a receiving chamber into which an injection fluid is to be injected. An injection unit includes a syringe having a needle adapted to pierce a diaphragm of the receptacle. The injection unit has a second needle [(28)] that may be advanced through a further diaphragm into a return chamber of the receptacle. The second needle is secured to a sliding pipe coupled to the syringe via a coupling means. Both needles are advanced simultaneously into the receptacle. Then, the syringe is ejected by moving the syringe plunger. The liquid volume displaced from the return chamber reaches the rear barrel chamber via the sliding pipe, the volume of the rear barrel chamber increasing by the amount in which the injection fluid has been ejected, subtracting the volume of the plunger rod. The exchange of liquid is supported by the suction effect of the partial vacuum generated by the lowering of the syringe plunger. The fluid of the injection device is sealed tight against the environment. The device is particularly suitable for use under zero gravity conditions, e.g. in space.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The invention relates to a device for injecting a fluid into a receptacle 
filled with fluid, and in particular to a device for an enviromentally 
neutral and dissipationless exchange of volume between gases and/or 
liquids under extreme conditions, e.g. in zero gravity in a space 
laboratory. 
2. Description of Related Art 
When preserving cells or tissues, a fixing liquid is used. In general, such 
fixing liquids are toxic so they must not enter the ambient atmosphere. 
Moreover, a very precise dosing of the fixing liquid is required. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,564,054 describes a transfer device for transferring 
liquids from a container into a second container closed by a diaphragm, 
wherein an injection unit with a pair of needles arranged side by side is 
provided, which are used to pierce the diaphragm simultaneously. One of 
the needles is connected with a syringe, while, for venting purposes, the 
other needle communicates with the ambient atmosphere via a filter. When 
liquid is injected into the second container, air is vented into the 
environment from this container. Therefore, this system is not suitable 
for a dissipationless exchange of volume. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for injecting 
a fluid into a receptacle, as well as a receptacle for use with such a 
device, for a allowing an environmentally neutral and dissipationless 
exchange of volume in a closed system, while providing for a complete 
insulation against the environment. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with the present invention, this and other objectives are 
solved by providing an injection unit having a syringe with a first needle 
for piercing a first diaphragm of the receptacle and, besides that, an 
overflow chamber that may be filled via a second needle for piercing a 
second membrane of the receptacle. Thus, the injection unit, on the one 
hand, allows an injection and, on the other hand, enables the receipt of 
the fluid displaced from the receptacle with both the injection and the 
receipt of the displaced fluid being performed in complete insulation 
against the environment. 
A device in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable 
for use under zero gravity conditions in a space laboratory. In this case, 
the receptacle is completely filled with a fluid, preferably a liquid. The 
liquid displaced from the receptacle is received by the overflow chamber 
of the fixing unit. A possible implementation of the device of the present 
invention is the preservation of cells and tissues contained in a liquid 
in the receptacle by adding a fixing liquid injected in precisely dosed 
quantities from the injection unit into the receptacle. 
The volume of the overflow chamber increases by the same amount by which 
the volume of the syringe barrel containing the liquid to be injected 
decreases when the syringe is pushed, subtracting the volume of the 
plunger rod. The lowering of the syringe plunger causes a partial vacuum 
behind the same, whereby the exchange of the liquid is supported. This 
total volume is entirely sealed off from the environment so that neither 
of the two fliuds can escape into the environment. 
Preferably, the injection unit is a separate device that is secured against 
unintentional actuation prior to its being installed on the receptacle. 
Both needles are accommodated within the injection unit such that they 
cannot be accessed from outside. Preferably, they are arranged covered by 
elastic self-closing partitions (medical septa), generally referred to as 
diaphragms in the following, and the injection unit may be fixedly mounted 
to the receptacle or an exterior housing enclosing the same. In order to 
operate the injection unit, a coupling device connecting the syringe 
barrel with a sliding pipe is pushed forward, whereby both needles 
penetrate through the respective diaphragms into the receiving chamber. 
When the syringe is pressed out thereafter by advancing the syringe 
plunger, the overflow space taking up the liquid displaced from the 
receiving chamber increases. 
A device in accordance with the present invention is suitable for any kind 
of dissipationless exchange of volume such as exchanges of gases, of gas 
and liquid and of liquids. Here, liquids and gases are generally summed up 
under the term fluids. 
A device in accordance with the present invention is particularly designed 
for use in zero gravity, for example in space laboratories, yet it may 
also be implemented in the gravity field of the earth or under other 
gravity conditions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The device consists of the injection unit 10 and the receiving unit 11. The 
receiving unit 11 itself comprises the entirely closed receptacle 12 and 
the outer housing 13 enclosing the same, the housing also being a 
container that is sealed germ-tight against the environment. 
The injection unit 10 is provided with a guiding means 14 having two 
parallel guiding bores 15, 16 and two guiding projections 18, 19 provided 
at its front end wall 17, which may be set into corresponding guiding 
recesses in the outer housing 13 in a manner excluding interchanging, for 
mounting the injection unit at a defined position on the receiving unit 
11. The guide bores 15, 16 are open to the rear end. 
The guide bore 15 has the purpose of guiding the syringe 20 consisting of 
the syringe barrel 21 and the syringe plunger 22 and containing a liquid 
23 within the syringe chamber defined by the syringe plunger 22. 
A hollow first needle 24 protrudes from the front end wall of the syringe 
barrel 21, which ends in the guiding projection 18 when the syringe is 
drawn back. The guiding projection 18 contains an inner diaphragm 25 and 
an outer diaphragm 26 defining a cavity. The tip of the hollow needle 24 
is within this cavity when the syringe 20 is drawn back. 
In the guiding bore 16, the diameter of which is considerably smaller than 
that of the guiding bore 15, a sliding pipe 27 is guided that is open to 
the rear end and has the second needle 28 projecting from its front end 
wall. When the sliding pipe 27 is withdrawn, the front tip of the second 
needle 28 is within a cavity defined by the two diaphragms 29 and 30 
contained in the guiding projection 19. 
The open rear ends of the syringe barrel 21 and the sliding pipe 27 are 
coupled with each other mechanically and in a fluid-tight manner by a 
coupling means 31. The fluid communication between the interiors of the 
syringe barrel 21 and the sliding pipe 27 is established by means of a 
channel 32 extending through the coupling means and communicating the 
interior 27a of the sliding pipe 27 with the rear barrel chamber 33 of the 
syringe barrel 21. The coupling means 31 is a cap closing the rear ends of 
the interior 27a and the rear barrel chamber 33. The plunger rod 34 of the 
syringe plunger 22 passes through a bore in this cap, the passage being 
sealed by means of annular seals. An actuator rod 35 may be provided 
detachably at the plunger rod 34 that may be screwed into the end of the 
plunger rod, for example, and which has the same diameter as the plunger 
rod so that it may sealingly slide within the bore of the coupling means. 
In the state represented in the drawings where the syringe plunger 22 is 
at the rear end of the syringe barrel 21, a portion of the plunger rod 34 
protrudes from the coupling means 31 and instead of the actuator rod 35, a 
retaining element 36 in the form of a knurled screw is fastened at the 
rear end of the plunger rod 34, being supported at the exterior of the 
coupling means 31. By the retaining element 36, the syringe plunger 22 is 
fixed in the rear end position in the syringe barrel 21. 
For fixing the syringe 20 in its rear end position relative to the guiding 
means 14, a spacer 37 is used, on the one hand, which extends between the 
rear end of the guiding means 14 and the coupling means 31, and, on the 
other hand, a holding means 38 in the form of a tie rod is provided that 
connects the coupling means 31 with the guiding means 14 and restricts the 
rearward movement of the coupling means 31, yet allows an forward movement 
from the rear end position. 
The outer housing 13 contains a diaphragm 40 axially aligned with the 
diaphragm 26 and pierceable by the first needle 24, as well as a diaphragm 
41 aligned with the diaphragm 30 and pierceable by the second needle 28. 
Behind the diaphragm 40, there is a filling port 42 of the receptacle 12. 
This filling port 42 contains a further diaphragm 43. Still another 
diaphragm 44 is provided in the upper wall of the receptacle in alignment 
with the diaphragms 29, 30 and 41. This diaphragm 44 may be pierced by the 
second needle 28. 
In axial alignment with the diaphragm 44, a return chamber 45 in the form 
of a bore is provided in the receptacle 12, being separated from the 
receiving chamber 46 by a wall 47. The return chamber 45 is connected with 
the receiving chamber 46 by a passage 48 disposed at the end of the 
receiving chamber 46 facing away from the filling port 42. 
If the injection unit 10 is set onto the receiving unit 11 in the manner 
depicted in FIG. 1, it is secured to the receiving unit by means of the 
fastening means 50. The fastening means 50 consists of a threaded screw 
that may be rotated by turning the actuating means 51 provided in the form 
of a knurled knob in order to fasten the injection unit 10 to the 
receiving unit 11 or to detach it therefrom. 
The device described above operates as follows: The receiving chmaber 46 
and the return chamber 45 are filled with liquid. The front syringe 
chamber of the syringe barrel 21 is completely filled with a fixing liquid 
23. The injection unit 10 is fastened on the receiving unit 11 in the 
manner shown. The spacer 37 has been removed so that the device is ready 
for use. 
For injecting the liquid 23 into the receiving chamber 46, the coupling 
means 31 is advanced towards the receiving unit 11. In doing so, the 
points of the needles 24 and 28 penetrate the outer diaphragms 26 and 30 
of the guiding means 14, being guided by the inner diaphragms 25 and 29. 
The points of the two needles then simultaneously pierce the diaphragms 40 
and 41 of the outer housing 13 and upon further pushing, first, the first 
needle 24 penetrates the diaphragm 43 of the receptacle 12 and then, the 
second needle 28 penetrates the diaphragm 44 of the receptacle. 
The retaining element 36 has been removed and has been replaced with the 
actuating rod 35. By pushing the actuating rod 35 forward, the syringe 
plunger 22 is advanced within the syringe barrel 21, whereby liquid 23 is 
injected into the receiving chamber 46 through the first needle 24. Liquid 
is displaced from the receiving chamber 46 into the return chamber 45 
through the passage 48, and from there, the displaced liquid reaches the 
interior 27a of the sliding pipe 27 via the second needle 28 and, finally, 
gets into the rear barrel chamber 33 through the channel 32. The rear 
barrel chamber 33 expands in the same extent in which liquid is displaced 
from the front barrel chamber. 
The guiding bores 15 and 16 are slightly wider than the outer diameters of 
the syringe barrel 21 and the sliding pipe 27 so that air contained in the 
guiding bores may escape when the coupling means 31 is advanced. 
The interior 27a of the sliding pipe 27 may contain either a gas (air) or a 
liquid. Since the volume of this interior 27a is constant, it will not 
change the sum of volumes when the syringe 20 is pressed out. It is 
essential that the rear barrel chamber 33 provides an additional volume 
when the syringe plunger 22 is advanced that is substantially equal to the 
injected volume of liquid 23. 
When the injection is finished, the needles are again withdrawn into the 
guiding means 14 of the injection unit 10 by withdrawing the coupling 
menas 31, the tips of the needles 24 and 28 first being pulled out of the 
diaphragms 43 and 44, thereby wiping drops from the needle tips. Then, the 
injection unit 10 is pulled from the receiving unit 11. Upon further 
withdrawal, the needle tips are again wiped off at the diaphragms 40 and 
41 so as to be free of drops. By rotating the actuating means 51, the 
fastening means 50 is detached. The injection unit 10 is removed from the 
outer housing 13 and stored.