Response method and system in virtual network computing authentication, and proxy server

A response method and system in virtual network computing authentication, and a proxy server, where the method includes receiving, by a proxy server, a password from a controller, receiving challenge information from a serving end, where the challenge information is generated by the serving end based on the virtual network computing authentication, determining a first response value according to the password and the challenge information, and sending the first response value to the serving end in order to resolve a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because a response process in the virtual network computing authentication is completed by a client, thereby improving security in the virtual network computing authentication process.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a response method and system in virtual network computing (VNC) authentication, and a proxy server.

BACKGROUND

VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that remotely controls another computer based on the Remote Frame Buffer (RFB) protocol and provides a user with a channel for remotely managing a virtual machine or a server.

In other approaches, the VNC includes a client, a proxy server, and a serving end. The client is generally a browser or a VNC connection tool. The serving end is a destination end of a VNC connection request. The proxy server implements central management and control of a VNC service. All data packets between the client and the serving end are transmitted by the proxy server. In each VNC connection request, the client and the serving end need to determine, by means of negotiation, an RFB protocol version and a security authentication type that are used for this VNC connection request. The security authentication type includes invalid, none, and VNC authentication. In a VNC authentication process, the client needs to perform, according to a password of a user, encryption on challenge information generated by the serving end based on the VNC authentication to determine a response value. The response value is sent to the serving end by the proxy server, and the serving end determines another response value according to the password of the user and the challenge information using an encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the client. The VNC authentication succeeds if the response value determined by the serving end is the same as the response value sent by the client. However, as the VNC is applied to increasing scenarios, a user can access a serving end using any client, and a device on which the client is located is usually in a network environment of an untrusted domain. In this case, when the client completes a response process of challenge information sent by the serving end, sensitive data of a user, such as a password, needs to be transmitted from a network environment of a trusted domain to the network environment of the untrusted domain, and stored in the client of the untrusted domain. Consequently, a problem that sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force may occur, and security in a VNC authentication process is affected.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a response method and system in VNC authentication, and a proxy server. The proxy server replaces a client to complete a response process in the VNC authentication such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the VNC authentication is completed by the client is resolved, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

According to a first aspect, a response method in VNC authentication is provided, and the method includes receiving, by a proxy server, a password sent by a controller, receiving, by the proxy server, challenge information sent by a serving end, where the challenge information is generated by the serving end based on the VNC authentication, determining, by the proxy server, a first response value according to the password and the challenge information, and sending, by the proxy server, the first response value to the serving end.

Further, the challenge information is a 16-byte random number, the proxy server determines a response value according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm, and sends the response value to the serving end in order to complete a response process in the VNC authentication.

According to a description of the foregoing content, in a response process in VNC authentication, after receiving challenge information sent by a serving end, a proxy server may determine a first response value according to a password and the challenge information, and send the first response value to the serving end in order to complete the response process in the VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server replaces a client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation of the first aspect, before sending, by the proxy server, the first response value to the serving end, the method further includes sending, by the proxy server, the challenge information to a client, receiving, by the proxy server, a response message sent by the client, where the response message includes a second response value, and the second response value is the challenge information, and replacing, by the proxy server, the second response value in the response message with the first response value, and sending, by the proxy server, the first response value to the serving end includes sending, by the proxy server, the response message to the serving end.

Further, the second response value is the challenge information. Further, the client does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of the response message to the proxy server as the response value.

According to a description of the foregoing content, when receiving challenge information, a proxy server may send the challenge information to a client. However, the client does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of a response message to the proxy server as a response value. The proxy server replaces the response value in the response message and sends the response message to the serving end in order to complete a response process in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, sensitive data of a user, such as a password, does not need to be transmitted to an untrusted domain, and the response process in the VNC authentication can be completed in a network environment of a trusted domain such that a problem in the other approaches that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the password is transmitted to the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client still receives the challenge information and returns the response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

With reference to any one of the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes receiving, by the serving end, the password sent by the controller, and determining, by the serving end, a third response value according to the password and the challenge information, where the VNC authentication succeeds if the serving end determines that the first response value is the same as the third response value.

Further, the serving end determines the third response value according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the proxy server, and compares the first response value with the third response value when the first response value is received. The VNC authentication succeeds if the first response value and the third response value are the same.

It should be noted that, the controller generates one password for each serving end in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and sends the password to the serving end to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server succeeds.

With reference to a possible implementation of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation of the first aspect, before receiving, by a proxy server, a password sent by a controller, the method further includes receiving, by the proxy server, a connection request from a client, obtaining, by the proxy server, a token in the connection request of the client, and sending, by the proxy server, the token to the controller such that the controller performs authentication according to the token, and receiving, by a proxy server, a password sent by a controller includes receiving, by the proxy server, an authentication success message from the controller, where the authentication success message carries an Internet Protocol (IP) address, a port number, and the password of the serving end.

With reference to the third possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, after receiving, by a proxy server, a password sent by a controller, the method further includes establishing, by the proxy server, a connection to the serving end according to the IP address and the port number of the serving end, receiving, by the proxy server, first protocol version information sent by the serving end, where the first protocol version information indicates a highest protocol version supported by the serving end, sending, by the proxy server, the first protocol version information to the client, receiving, by the proxy server, second protocol version information sent by the client, where the second protocol version information indicates a highest protocol version that is not higher than the first protocol version information and that is supported by the client, and sending, by the proxy server, the second protocol version information to the serving end such that the serving end determines, according to the second protocol version information, a protocol version that is used for communication with the client and the serving end.

With reference to the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes receiving, by the proxy server, a first security authentication type sent by the serving end, where the first security authentication type includes all security authentication types supported by the serving end, sending, by the proxy server, the first security authentication type to the client, receiving, by the proxy server, a second security authentication type sent by the client, where the second security authentication type is a highest-level security authentication type supported by the client in the first security authentication type, and sending, by the proxy server, the second security authentication type to the serving end such that the serving end determines, according to the second security authentication type, a security authentication type to be used between the client and the serving end.

It should be noted that, the first security authentication type is used only for identifying a security authentication type that is sent by the serving end to the proxy server, and does not indicate a quantity.

Further, if the security authentication type determined by the serving end is VNC authentication, the client and the serving end complete security authentication according to the VNC authentication type. If the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is none, no authentication needs to be performed between the client and the serving end, or if the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is invalid, a VNC session between the client and the serving end is terminated.

Optionally, during specific implementation, to ensure system security, a security authentication type is usually specified by the serving end. That is, the first security authentication type sent by the serving end is the specified security authentication type. If the second security authentication type returned by the client is different from the first security authentication type, a process for negotiating the security authentication type fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

According to a description of the foregoing content, a serving end and a client determine, by means of negotiation, a protocol version and a security authentication type for this VNC connection request. When challenge information that is generated by the serving end according to VNC authentication is received, a response process in the VNC authentication is completed using the challenge information and a password. Compared with the other approaches, a proxy server may replace the client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication between the client and the serving end such that a problem that information is leaked or decrypted by brute force because sensitive data of a user is transmitted to an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

In conclusion, according to a description of the foregoing content, a proxy server replaces a client to complete a response process in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, sensitive data of a user, such as a password, does not need to be transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain, and the response process in the VNC authentication can be completed in a network environment of a trusted domain such that a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is stored in the network environment of the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client still receives challenge information and returns a response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

According to a second aspect, a response system in VNC authentication is provided, where the system includes a controller, a client, a proxy server, and a serving end. The client is configured to send a connection request to the proxy server. The proxy server is configured to obtain a token in the connection request, and send the token to the controller for performing authentication. The controller is configured to perform authentication on the client according to the token, and send an authentication success message to the proxy server if the authentication succeeds, where the authentication success message carries an IP address, a port number, and a password of the serving end. The proxy server is further configured to receive the authentication success message sent by the controller, and establish a connection to the serving end according to the IP address and the port number. The serving end is configured to generate challenge information based on the VNC authentication, and send the challenge information to the proxy server, and the proxy server is further configured to receive the challenge information, determine a first response value according to the password and the challenge information, and send the first response value to the serving end.

According to a description of the foregoing content, in a response process in VNC authentication, after receiving challenge information sent by the serving end, the proxy server may determine a first response value according to a password and the challenge information, and send the first response value to the serving end in order to complete the response process in the VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server replaces the client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

With reference to a possible implementation of the second aspect, in a first possible implementation of the second aspect, the proxy server is further configured to send the challenge information to the client before sending the first response value to the serving end, receive a response message sent by the client, where the response message includes a second response value, and the second response value is the challenge information, and replace the second response value in the response message with the first response value, and that the proxy server sends the first response value to the serving end includes sending the response message to the serving end.

With reference to any one of the second aspect or the first possible implementation of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation of the second aspect, the serving end is further configured to receive the password sent by the controller, and determine a third response value according to the password and the challenge information, where the VNC authentication succeeds if the serving end determines that the first response value is the same as the third response value.

It should be noted that, the controller generates one password for each serving end in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and sends the password to the serving end to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server succeeds.

With reference to the possible implementation of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation of the second aspect, the controller is further configured to receive the VNC connection request from the client, obtain VNC connection information according to the VNC connection request of the client, where the VNC connection information includes a uniform resource locator (URL) of the proxy server, the IP address, the port number, and the password of the serving end, and the token, and send the URL of the proxy server and the token in the VNC connection information to the client, and the client is further configured to establish a connection to the proxy server according to the URL of the proxy server and the token.

The port number is a port number of a VNC service at the serving end.

In conclusion, in the foregoing system, compared with the other approaches, the proxy server replaces the client to complete a response in VNC authentication, and sensitive data of a user, such as a password, does not need to be transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain such that a problem in the other approaches that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the password is transmitted to the network environment of the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client still receives challenge information and returns a response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

According to a third aspect, a proxy server is provided, where the proxy server includes a receiving unit, an encryption unit, and a sending unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive a password sent by a controller, and receive challenge information sent by a serving end, where the challenge information is generated by the serving end based on VNC authentication. The encryption unit is configured to determine a first response value according to the password and the challenge information that are received by the receiving unit, and the sending unit is configured to send, to the serving end, the first response value determined by the encryption unit.

It should be noted that, the proxy server in this embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof. When the VNC authentication response method shown in the first aspect or another possible implementation of the first aspect is implemented by software, the proxy server and all modules of the proxy server may also be software modules.

Further, the challenge information is a 16-byte random number, the proxy server performs encryption on the challenge information according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm, to determine a first response value, and sends the first response value to the serving end in order to complete a response process in the VNC authentication.

It should be noted that, the predefined data encryption algorithm may be the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), or encryption may be performed according to another data encryption algorithm such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES). This is not limited in the present disclosure.

According to a description of the foregoing proxy server, compared with the other approaches, the proxy server may replace a client to complete a response process in VNC authentication, a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data needs to be transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain when the client completes the response process is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

With reference to a possible implementation of the third aspect, in a first possible implementation of the third aspect, the proxy server further includes a replacement unit. The sending unit is further configured to send the challenge information to a client before sending, to the serving end, the first response value determined by the encryption unit. The receiving unit is further configured to receive a response message sent by the client, where the response message includes a second response value, and the second response value is the challenge information. The replacement unit is configured to replace the second response value in the response message with the first response value, and that the sending unit sends, to the serving end, the first response value determined by the encryption unit includes sending the response message to the serving end.

Further, the second response value is the challenge information. Further, the client does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of the response message to the proxy server as the response value. The proxy server replaces the second response value in the response message with the first response value, and sends the response message to the serving end. The serving end determines a third response value according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the proxy server, and compares the first response value with the third response value when the first response value is received. The VNC authentication succeeds if the first response value and the third response value are the same, or the VNC authentication fails if the first response value and the third response value are different, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

It should be noted that, the controller generates one password for each serving end in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and sends the password to the serving end to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server succeeds.

With reference to the possible implementation of the third aspect, in a second possible implementation of the third aspect, the proxy server further includes a processing unit. The receiving unit is further configured to receive a connection request from a client before receiving the password sent by the controller. The processing unit is configured to obtain a token in the connection request of the client. The sending unit is further configured to send the token to the controller, and that the receiving unit receives the password sent by the controller includes receiving an authentication success message from the controller, where the authentication success message carries an IP address, a port number, and the password of the serving end.

Further, if the controller can authenticate the client according to the token, the controller sends the authentication success message to the proxy server, where the authentication success message carries the IP address, the port number, and the password of the serving end, and the port number is a port number of a VNC service, or this VNC connection request is terminated if the controller fails to perform authentication according to the token.

It should be noted that, if a target serving end to which the client requests to establish a VNC connection is a virtual machine, the IP address of the serving end is an IP address of a server on which the virtual machine is located, and the port number is a port number that uniquely identifies a VNC service of the virtual machine and that is allocated by the server on which the virtual machine is located.

With reference to the second possible implementation of the third aspect, in a third possible implementation of the third aspect, the processing unit is further configured to establish a connection to the serving end according to the IP address and the port number of the serving end in the authentication success message received by the receiving unit. The receiving unit is further configured to receive first protocol version information sent by the serving end, where the first protocol version information indicates a highest protocol version supported by the serving end. The sending unit is further configured to send, to the client, the first protocol version information received by the receiving unit. The receiving unit is further configured to receive second protocol version information sent by the client, where the second protocol version information indicates a highest protocol version that is not higher than the first protocol version information and that is supported by the client, and the sending unit is further configured to send the second protocol version information to the serving end.

With reference to the third possible implementation of the third aspect, in a fourth possible implementation of the third aspect, the receiving unit is further configured to receive a first security authentication type sent by the serving end, where the first security authentication type includes all security authentication types supported by the serving end. The sending unit is further configured to send the first security authentication type to the client. The receiving unit is further configured to receive a second security authentication type sent by the client, where the second security authentication type is a highest-level security authentication type supported by the client in the first security authentication type, and the sending unit is further configured to send the second security authentication type to the serving end.

It should be noted that, the first security authentication type is used only for identifying a security authentication type that is sent by the serving end to the proxy server, and does not indicate a quantity.

Further, if the security authentication type determined by the serving end is VNC authentication, the client and the serving end complete security authentication according to the VNC authentication type. If the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is none, no authentication needs to be performed between the client and the serving end, or if the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is invalid, a VNC session between the client and the serving end is terminated.

Optionally, during specific implementation, to ensure system security, a security authentication type is usually specified by the serving end. That is, the first security authentication type sent by the serving end is the specified security authentication type. If the second security authentication type returned by the client is different from the first security authentication type, a process for negotiating the security authentication type fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

According to a description of the foregoing proxy server, a serving end and a client determine, by means of negotiation, a protocol version and a security authentication type for this VNC connection request. When challenge information that is generated by the serving end according to VNC authentication is received, a response process in the VNC authentication is completed using the challenge information and a password. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server is no longer used only for transmitting data packets between the serving end and the client, but may replace the client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication between the client and the serving end such that a problem that information is leaked or decrypted by brute force because sensitive data of a user is transmitted to an untrusted domain, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

In conclusion, according to a description of the foregoing content, a proxy server replaces a client to complete a response process in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, the response process in the VNC authentication can be completed without a need to transmit sensitive data of a user, such as a password, to a network environment of an untrusted domain such that a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the password is transmitted to the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client still receives challenge information and returns a response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

According to a fourth aspect, a proxy server is provided, where the proxy server includes a processor, a memory, a communications interface, and a bus, and the processor, the memory, and the communications interface are connected and communicate with each other using the bus, the memory is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and when the proxy server runs, the processor executes the computer execution instruction in the memory in order to perform, using hardware resources in the proxy server, the method according to any one of the first aspect, the first possible implementation of the first aspect, or the third possible implementation of the first aspect to the fifth possible implementation of the first aspect.

According to the foregoing proxy server, in VNC authentication, compared with the other approaches, the proxy server may replace a client to complete a response process of challenge information sent by a serving end such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted and stored in an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

According to a fifth aspect, a computer readable medium is provided and configured to store a computer program, where the computer program includes an instruction that is used to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect, the first possible implementation of the first aspect, or the third possible implementation of the first aspect to the fifth possible implementation of the first aspect.

Based on the foregoing technical solution, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a response method and system in VNC authentication, and a proxy server. Compared with the other approaches, a proxy server replaces a client to complete a response process in VNC authentication such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted and stored in an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a VNC system according to the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 1, the network architecture includes a client, a proxy server, a serving end, and a controller. The client may be a browser or a VNC connection tool. The client may be deployed in a server and a personal computer (PC), or may be deployed in a mobile device, where the mobile device may be a portable computer or may be a mobile phone, an iPad, or the like. This is not limited in the present disclosure. The serving end is a VNC remote access destination end, and may be a server, or may be a virtual machine on a server. A data packet transmitted between the client and the serving end needs to be transmitted by the proxy server. That is, the server first sends the data packet to the proxy server, and then the proxy server sends the data packet to the client. The controller is configured to manage the proxy server and the serving end, and is responsible for determining, according to a VNC connection request from the client, VNC connection information such as a URL of the proxy server, and an IP address, a port number, and a password of the server, and a token. The port number is a port number of a VNC service at the serving end. The token is used in a VNC connection process in which the controller performs authentication on the client in order to determine validity of the client. The password is a VNC login password, and all passwords are centrally managed by the controller. If the serving end is a virtual machine, a password is generated when the virtual machine is created, the controller sends the password to a server on which the virtual machine is located, and the password is updated when the virtual machine restarts or the password has been used. If the serving end is a server, and when the controller establishes a connection to the server for the first time, the controller generates a password, and sends the password to the server, and the password is updated when the server restarts or the password has been used.

It should be noted that, during specific implementation, the proxy server may be independently deployed in one server according to a service scenario requirement, or may be deployed in the controller or at the serving end. That is, the proxy server is a software module in the controller or at the serving end. This is not limited in the present disclosure.

It should be further noted that there may be multiple clients, proxy servers, and serving ends in the network architecture shown inFIG. 1. Different users may separately access a target serving end using different clients and different proxy servers, and a same proxy server may simultaneously process multiple VNC connection requests of different clients and serving ends. In the following specific description of the present disclosure, detailed descriptions are further provided using an example in which there is only one client, one proxy server, and one serving end in the network architecture shown inFIG. 1.

A person skilled in the art should understand that, during specific implementation, a security system between an internal network and an external network is constructed using a network device such as a switch or a firewall such that, according to a specific rule, transmitted data is allowed to pass or prevented from passing the security system. The internal network is classified as a trusted domain, and the external network is classified as an untrusted domain. Because of high security of data transmission in the trusted domain, sensitive data of a user is not stolen. However, because there is no rule for limiting data transmission in the untrusted domain, security of the sensitive data of the user cannot be ensured.

For example, in an open-source cloud computing management platform OPENSTACK, a VNC service of the WEBSOCKET protocol based on a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is provided, for example, noVNC. The controller may be a Nova component. The serving end is a computing node in an OPENSTACK system. The client is a user browser. Nova-noVNCProxy is used as the proxy server. The user may establish, using the browser, a VNC connection request with a virtual machine in the computing node or the computing node. Nova-Api in the Nova component is responsible for calling Nova-Compute to collect VNC connection information of the VNC connection request. The VNC connection information includes a URL of the proxy server, and an IP address, a port number, and a password of the serving end, and a token. Nova-Consoleauth is responsible for storing the VNC connection information and performing authentication on the client according to the token. In a data transmission process, a network environment in which the client is located is an untrusted domain, and a network environment between the Nova-Api, the Nova-Consoleauth, the Nova-Compute, the noVNCProxy, and the computing node is a trusted domain.

With reference to the network architecture shown inFIG. 1, in the other approaches, when a VNC connection request is established between a client and a serving end, a controller sends a URL of a proxy server, a token, and a password in VNC connection information to the client, and the client locally stores the password in order to complete a VNC authentication response that is between the client and the server and that is in the RFB protocol. However, the password is sensitive data of a user. When a network on which the client is located is an untrusted domain, a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force may occur, and security in a VNC authentication process is affected. However, in a response method in VNC authentication provided in the present disclosure, the proxy server replaces the client to complete the response in the VNC authentication, and no longer sends the password to the client such that a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data of the user is transmitted between the untrusted domain and the trusted domain, and the client stores the sensitive data in the untrusted domain is avoided, and the security of the VNC authentication process is improved.

Next, the response method in the VNC authentication provided in the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A person skilled in the art should understood that, a communication connection between a client and a serving end needs to be transmitted by a proxy server. Before VNC authentication, the client needs to obtain VNC connection information from a controller, and establishes a connection to a corresponding proxy server. In addition, the proxy server needs to determine, using the controller, information about a serving end to which the client is to be connected, and establish a connection to the serving end, a specific process is shown inFIG. 2, and the method includes the following steps.

Step S201: A controller receives a VNC connection request sent by a client.

Further, a user sends the VNC connection request to the controller using a browser or a VNC connection tool, where the connection request includes information about a target serving end.

Step S202: The controller obtains VNC connection information according to the VNC connection request.

Further, the VNC connection information includes a URL of a proxy server, and an IP address, a port number, and a password of the serving end, and a token, where the port number is a port number of a VNC service at the serving end.

It should be noted that, if the target serving end to which the client requests to establish a VNC connection is a virtual machine, the IP address of the serving end is an IP address of a server on which the virtual machine is located, and the port number is a port number that uniquely identifies the VNC service of the virtual machine and that is allocated by the server on which the virtual machine is located.

For example, in an OPENSTACK system, Nova-Api receives the VNC connection request in step S201, calls Nova-Compute to obtain the VNC connection information of the VNC connection request, and then calls Nova-Consoleauth to store the VNC information in a memory.

Step S203: The controller sends a URL of the proxy server and a token in the VNC connection information to the client.

For example, the controller sends, to the client, information in the following form: https://IP: Port/vnc_auto.html?token=token_id, where “IP” is an IP address of the proxy server in the VNC connection information, and “Port” is a port number of a service based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over SSL (HTTPS).

Step S204: The client establishes a connection to the proxy server according to the URL of the proxy server and the token.

For example, the client may be a browser, and establishes a connection to the proxy server using the URL and token information that are received in step S203and that are in the following form: https://IP: Port/vnc_auto.html?token=token_id.

Step S205: The proxy server obtains the token.

Further, the token is a token in the connection request of the client in step S204such that the controller performs authentication on the client according to the token, and determines whether the client can connect to the serving end by the proxy server. For example, the token is token_id in the following connection request: https://IP: Port/vnc_auto.html?token=token_id.

Step S206: The proxy server sends the token to the controller.

Further, the client sends the token obtained in step S205to the controller.

Step S207: The controller performs authentication on the client according to the token.

Step S208: The proxy server receives an authentication success message sent by the controller when the authentication succeeds, where the authentication success message carries an IP address, a port number, and a password of the serving end.

Further, when the authentication succeeds, the controller sends the authentication success message to the proxy server, where the authentication success message carries the IP address, the port number, and the password of the serving end, and the port number is the port number of the VNC service, or when the authentication fails, this VNC connection request is terminated.

Step S209: The proxy server establishes a connection to the serving end using the IP address and the port number of the serving end.

Further, the IP address and the port number of the serving end are the IP address and the port number of the serving end that are carried in the authentication success message in step S208.

According to a description of step S201to step S209, if a controller can authenticate a client according to a token, a password is sent to a proxy server. Further, the proxy server replaces the client to complete a response process in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches in which sensitive data of a user, such as a password, is transmitted to the client, a process in which the sensitive data of the user is transmitted between a trusted domain and an untrusted domain is avoided. In addition, a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is stored in the untrusted domain is avoided, and security of a VNC authentication process is improved.

With reference to a description of the foregoing content, a communication connection is already established between a client, a proxy server, and a serving end. Further, the serving end and the client negotiate, according to an RFB protocol, a protocol version and a security authentication type that are used in a VNC connection request. A specific process is shown inFIG. 3, and the method includes the following steps.

Step S301: A serving end sends first protocol version information to a proxy server.

Further, the first protocol version information indicates a highest RFB protocol version supported by the serving end.

For example, if the serving end supports three protocol versions, 3.3, 3.7, and 3.8, and 3.8 is the highest version, the first protocol version information sent by the serving end to the proxy server is 3.8. The serving end sends, to the proxy server, a data packet in the following format: Protocol version message: RFB 003.008\n (hex 52 46 42 20 30 30 33 2e 30 30 38 0a).

Optionally, the proxy server may monitor the data packet sent by the serving end, and determine, according to a keyword, an RFB protocol version and a security authentication type in one VNC connection request that are needed by a client and the serving end.

Further, the proxy server may simultaneously process multiple VNC sessions of the client and the serving end, and the proxy server needs to determine start of each session in order to identify, according to the keyword, challenge information sent by the serving end.

For example, if the proxy server detects, by means of monitoring, that a data packet sent by the serving end includes a keyword in a format of RFB ***.***\n, the proxy server determines that this VNC session starts.

Step S302: The proxy server sends the first protocol version information to the client.

Step S303: The client sends second protocol version information to the proxy server.

Further, the second protocol version information indicates a highest RFB protocol version that is not higher than the first protocol version information and that is supported by the client.

For example, if the client supports RFB protocol versions 3.7 and 3.8, and the first protocol version information received from the proxy server is 3.8, a highest protocol version that is not higher than the first protocol version information and that is supported by the client is 3.8. That is, the second protocol version information sent by the client to the proxy server is 3.8.

Step S304: The proxy server sends the second protocol version information to the serving end.

Step S305: The serving end determines, according to the second protocol version information, a protocol version used for communication with the client.

Further, the serving end determines the protocol version of this VNC connection request according to the second protocol version information of the client that is sent by the proxy server.

For example, if the second protocol version information is 3.8, and the serving end supports this protocol version, the protocol version of this VNC connection request is 3.8.

Further, in a handshake phase of the RFB protocol, after determining the protocol version of this VNC connection request, the serving end and the client continue to negotiate a security authentication type of this VNC connection request, and a process for determining the security authentication type is as follows.

Step S306: The serving end sends a first security authentication type to the proxy server.

Further, according to the protocol version information determined in step S305, different protocol versions support different security authentication types and authentication processes, and the first security authentication type includes all security authentication types supported by a serving end in the determined protocol version information.

It should be noted that, the first security authentication type is used only for identifying a security authentication type that is sent by the serving end to the proxy server, and does not indicate a quantity.

For example, if the serving end supports three security authentication types, invalid, none, and VNC authentication (that is, challenge/response authentication), the first security authentication type includes the foregoing three security authentication types.

Step S307: The proxy server sends the first security authentication type to the client.

Step S308: The client sends a second security authentication type to the proxy server.

Further, the second security authentication type is a highest-level security authentication type supported by the client in the first security authentication type.

For example, if the first security authentication type received by the client includes invalid, none, and VNC authentication (that is, challenge/response authentication), and the client supports the foregoing three types, the second security authentication type is a VNC authentication type with a highest security level, that is, a challenge/response authentication manner.

Step S309: The proxy server sends the second security authentication type to the serving end.

Step S310: The serving end determines, according to the second security authentication type, a security authentication type to be used between the client and the serving end.

Further, if the security authentication type determined by the serving end is VNC authentication, the client and the serving end complete security authentication according to the VNC authentication type. If the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is none, no authentication needs to be performed between the client and the serving end, or if the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is invalid, a VNC session between the client and the serving end is terminated.

Optionally, during specific implementation, to ensure system security, a security authentication type is usually specified by the serving end. That is, the first security authentication type sent by the serving end in step S306is the specified security authentication type. If the second security authentication type returned by the client is different from the first security authentication type, a process for negotiating the security authentication type fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

According to a description of the foregoing steps S301to S310, a serving end and a client determine, by means of negotiation, a protocol version and a security authentication type for this VNC connection request. Further, when receiving challenge information that is generated by the serving end according to VNC authentication, a proxy server completes a response process in the VNC authentication using the challenge information and a password. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server is no longer used only for transmitting data packets between the serving end and the client, but may also replace the client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication between the client and the serving end such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted to an untrusted domain, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

With reference to a description of the foregoing content, in a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, if a serving end and a client determine that a security authentication type is VNC authentication, that is, challenge/response authentication, a proxy server can replace the client to complete the VNC authentication. A specific method is shown inFIG. 4, and the method includes the following steps.

Step S401: A controller sends a password to a proxy server.

Further, the password is carried in an authentication success message that is sent by the controller to the proxy server in step S208, and details are not described herein again.

Step S402: The serving end sends challenge information to the proxy server, where the challenge information is generated based on VNC authentication.

Further, the serving end generates the challenge information according to a VNC authentication type, and sends the challenge information to the proxy server, where the challenge information is a 16-byte random number.

Step S403: The proxy server determines a first response value according to the password and the challenge information.

Further, the proxy server performs encryption on the challenge information according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm, to determine the first response value.

It should be noted that, the predefined data encryption algorithm may be the SHA, or encryption may be performed according to another data encryption algorithm such as the DES. This is not limited in the present disclosure.

For example, the proxy server performs, according to an SHA256 data encryption algorithm, encryption on the password and the challenge information to determine the first response value.

Step S404: The proxy server sends the first response value to the serving end.

Further, the serving end determines a third response value according to the password and the challenge information that are sent by the controller using a predefined data encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the proxy server, and compares the first response value with the third response value when the first response value is received. If the first response value and the third response value are the same, the VNC authentication succeeds, or if the first response value and the third response value are different, the VNC authentication fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

It should be noted that, the controller generates one password for each serving end in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and the controller sends the password to the serving end, to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server succeeds.

According to a description of step S401to step S404, in a response process in VNC authentication, after receiving challenge information sent by a serving end, a proxy server may determine a first response value according to a password and the challenge information, and send the first response value to the serving end in order to complete the response process in the VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server replaces a client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

In another possible embodiment of the present disclosure, to reduce impact on an RFB protocol, a response process in VNC authentication may be implemented using a method shown inFIG. 5, and the method includes the following steps.

Step S501: A serving end sends challenge information to a proxy server.

Further, a serving end sends the challenge information to the proxy server according to a security authentication type that is determined by means of negotiation inFIG. 3.

Step S502: The proxy server sends the challenge information to a client.

Further, the proxy server sends the challenge information received in step S501to the client.

Step S503: The proxy server determines a first response value according to a password and the challenge information.

Further, implementation of step S503is the same as that of step S403, and details are not described herein again.

Step S504: The client sends a response message to the proxy server, where the response message includes a second response value.

Further, the second response value is the challenge information. Further, the client does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of the response message to the proxy server as the response value.

Step S505: The proxy server replaces the second response value in the response message with the first response value.

Step S506: The proxy server sends the response message to the serving end.

Optionally, the serving end determines a third response value according to the password and the challenge information that are sent by the controller using a predefined data encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the proxy server, and compares the first response value with the third response value when the first response value is received. If the first response value and the third response value are the same, the VNC authentication succeeds, or if the first response value and the third response value are different, the VNC authentication fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

It should be noted that, the controller generates one password for each serving end in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and the controller sends the password to the serving end, to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server succeeds.

According to a description of step S501to step S506, when receiving challenge information, a proxy server may send the challenge information to a client. However, the client does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of a response message to the proxy server as a response value. The proxy server replaces the response value in the response message and sends the response message to the serving end in order to complete a response process in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, sensitive data of a user, such as a password, does not need to be transmitted to an untrusted domain, and the response process in the VNC authentication can be completed in a network environment of a trusted domain such that a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the password is transmitted to the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client still receives the challenge information and returns the response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

In a possible embodiment of the present disclosure,FIG. 6is a schematic diagram of a response system600in VNC authentication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 6, the response system600in the VNC authentication includes a controller601, a client602, a proxy server603, and a serving end604.

The client602is configured to send a connection request to the proxy server603.

The proxy server603is configured to obtain a token in the connection request, and send the token to the controller601for performing authentication.

The controller601is configured to perform authentication on the client602according to the token, and send an authentication success message to the proxy server603if the authentication succeeds, where the authentication success message carries an IP address, a port number, and a password of the serving end604.

The proxy server603is further configured to receive the authentication success message sent by the controller601, and establish a connection to the serving end604according to the IP address and the port number of the serving end604.

The serving end604is configured to generate challenge information based on the VNC authentication, and send the challenge information to the proxy server603.

The proxy server603is further configured to receive the challenge information, determine a first response value according to the password and the challenge information, and send the first response value to the serving end604.

Further, the challenge information is a 16-byte random number, and the proxy server603performs encryption on the challenge information according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm to determine the first response value.

It should be noted that, the predefined data encryption algorithm may be the SHA, or encryption may be performed according to another data encryption algorithm such as the DES. This is not limited in the present disclosure.

According to a description of the foregoing response system600in the VNC authentication, in a response process in VNC authentication, after receiving challenge information sent by the serving end604, the proxy server603may determine a first response value according to a password and the challenge information, and send the first response value to the serving end604in order to complete the response process in the VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server603replaces the client602to complete the response process in the VNC authentication such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

Optionally, the proxy server603is further configured to send the challenge information to the client602before sending the first response value to the serving end604, receive a response message sent by the client602, where the response message includes a second response value, and the second response value is the challenge information, and replace the second response value in the response message with the first response value.

The proxy server603sending the first response value to the serving end604includes sending the response message to the serving end604.

Further, the second response value is the challenge information. Further, the client602does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of the response message to the proxy server603as a response value.

Optionally, the serving end604is further configured to receive the password sent by the controller601, and determine a third response value according to the password and the challenge information, where the VNC authentication succeeds if the serving end604determines that the first response value is the same as the third response value.

Further, the serving end604determines a third response value according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the proxy server603, and compares the first response value with the third response value when the first response value is received. If the first response value and the third response value are the same, the VNC authentication succeeds, or if the first response value and the third response value are different, the VNC authentication fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

It should be noted that, the controller601generates one password for each serving end604in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and sends the password to the serving end604to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server603succeeds.

Optionally, the controller601is further configured to receive the VNC connection request from the client602, obtain VNC connection information according to the VNC connection request of the client602, where the VNC connection information includes a URL of the proxy server603, and the IP address, the port number, and the password of the serving end604, and the token, and send the URL of the proxy server603and the token in the VNC connection information to the client602.

The client602is further configured to establish a connection to the proxy server603according to the URL of the proxy server603and the token.

The port number is a port number of a VNC service at the serving end604.

According to a description of the foregoing process, the controller601obtains VNC connection information according to a VNC connection request from the client602, and no longer sends a password in the VNC connection information to the client602, but sends the password to the proxy server603, and the proxy server603stores the password such that it is ensured that the password is transmitted and stored in a trusted domain. Compared with the other approaches in which sensitive data of a user, such as a password, is transmitted to the client602, a problem that the sensitive data of the user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted between the trusted domain and an untrusted domain is avoided.

In conclusion, in the foregoing response system600in the VNC authentication, the proxy server603replaces the client602to complete a response in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, sensitive data of a user, such as a password, does not need to be transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain such that a problem that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the password is transmitted to the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client602still receives challenge information and returns a response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

The foregoing describes in detail a response method in VNC authentication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference toFIG. 1toFIG. 6. The following describes a proxy server of VNC authentication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure with reference toFIG. 7andFIG. 8.

FIG. 7is a schematic diagram of a proxy server700according to the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 7, the proxy server700includes a receiving unit701, an encryption unit702, and a sending unit703.

The receiving unit701is configured to receive a password sent by a controller, and receive challenge information sent by a serving end, where the challenge information is generated by the serving end based on VNC authentication.

The encryption unit702is configured to determine a first response value according to the password and the challenge information that are received by the receiving unit701.

The sending unit703is configured to send, to the serving end, the first response value determined by the encryption unit702.

It should be noted that, the proxy server700in this embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented using an ASIC, or may be implemented using a PLD. The PLD may be a CPLD, an FPGA, a GAL, or any combination thereof. When the response method in the VNC authentication shown inFIG. 4is implemented by software, the proxy server700and all modules of the proxy server700may also be software modules.

Further, the challenge information is a 16-byte random number, and the proxy server700performs encryption on the challenge information according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm to determine the first response value.

It should be noted that, the predefined data encryption algorithm may be the SHA, or encryption may be performed according to another data encryption algorithm such as the DES. This is not limited in the present disclosure.

According to a description of the foregoing proxy server700, compared with the other approaches, the proxy server700may replace a client to complete a response process in VNC authentication, a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data needs to be transmitted to a network environment of an untrusted domain when the client completes the response process is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

Optionally, the proxy server700further includes a replacement unit704.

The sending unit703is further configured to send the challenge information to a client before sending, to the serving end, the first response value determined by the encryption unit702.

The receiving unit701is further configured to receive a response message sent by the client, where the response message includes a second response value, and the second response value is the challenge information.

The replacement unit704is configured to replace the second response value in the response message with the first response value.

That the sending unit703sends, to the serving end, the first response value determined by the encryption unit702includes sending the response message to the serving end.

Further, the second response value is the challenge information. Further, the client does not process the challenge information, but directly sends the challenge information in a form of the response message to the proxy server700as the response value. However, the proxy server700replaces the second response value in the response message with the first response value, and sends the response message to the serving end. The serving end determines a third response value according to the password and the challenge information using a predefined data encryption algorithm that is the same as that of the proxy server700, and compares the first response value with the third response value when the first response value is received. If the first response value and the third response value are the same, the VNC authentication succeeds, or if the first response value and the third response value are different, the VNC authentication fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

It should be noted that, the controller generates one password for each serving end in an initial phase as a VNC login password, and sends the password to the serving end to determine whether authentication of the response value sent by the proxy server700succeeds.

Optionally, the proxy server700further includes a processing unit705.

The receiving unit701is further configured to receive a connection request from a client before receiving the password sent by the controller.

The processing unit705is configured to obtain a token in the connection request of the client.

The sending unit703is further configured to send the token to the controller.

That the receiving unit701receives the password sent by the controller includes receiving an authentication success message from the controller, where the authentication success message carries an IP address, a port number, and the password of the serving end.

Further, if the authentication succeeds, the controller sends the authentication success message to the proxy server700, where the authentication success message carries the IP address, the port number, and the password of the serving end, and the port number is a port number of a VNC service, or if the authentication fails, this VNC connection request is terminated.

It should be noted that, if a target serving end to which the client requests to establish a VNC connection is a virtual machine, the IP address of the serving end is an IP address of a server on which the virtual machine is located, and the port number is a port number that uniquely identifies a VNC service of the virtual machine and that is allocated by the server on which the virtual machine is located.

Optionally, the processing unit705is further configured to establish a connection to the serving end according to the IP address and the port number of the serving end in the authentication success message received by the receiving unit701.

The receiving unit701is further configured to receive first protocol version information sent by the serving end, where the first protocol version information indicates a highest protocol version supported by the serving end.

The sending unit703is further configured to send, to the client, the first protocol version information received by the receiving unit701.

The receiving unit701is further configured to receive second protocol version information sent by the client, where the second protocol version information indicates a highest protocol version that is not higher than the first protocol version information and that is supported by the client.

The sending unit703is further configured to send, to the serving end, the second protocol version information received by the receiving unit701.

Further, in a handshake phase of the RFB protocol, after determining the protocol version of this VNC connection request, the serving end and the client continue to negotiate a security authentication type of this VNC connection request, and a process for determining the security authentication type is as follows.

Optionally, the receiving unit701is further configured to receive a first security authentication type sent by the serving end, where the first security authentication type includes all security authentication types supported by the serving end.

The sending unit703is further configured to send, to the client, the first security authentication type received by the receiving unit701.

The receiving unit701is further configured to receive a second security authentication type sent by the client, where the second security authentication type is a highest-level security authentication type supported by the client in the first security authentication type.

The sending unit703is further configured to send, to the serving end, the second security authentication type received by the receiving unit701.

It should be noted that, the first security authentication type is used only for identifying a security authentication type that is sent by the serving end to the proxy server700, and does not indicate a quantity.

Further, if the security authentication type determined by the serving end is VNC authentication, the client and the serving end complete security authentication according to the VNC authentication type. If the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is none, no authentication needs to be performed between the client and the serving end, or if the security authentication type that is determined, by means of negotiation, by the serving end is invalid, a VNC session between the client and the serving end is terminated.

Optionally, during specific implementation, to ensure system security, a security authentication type is usually specified by the serving end. That is, the first security authentication type sent by the serving end is the specified security authentication type. If the second security authentication type returned by the client is different from the first security authentication type, a process for negotiating the security authentication type fails, and this VNC connection request is terminated.

According to a description of the foregoing proxy server700, a serving end and a client determine, by means of negotiation, a protocol version and a security authentication type for this VNC connection request. When receiving challenge information that is generated by the serving end according to VNC authentication, the proxy server700completes a response process in the VNC authentication using the challenge information and a password. Compared with the other approaches, the proxy server700may replace the client to complete the response process in the VNC authentication between the client and the serving end such that a problem that information is leaked or decrypted by brute force because sensitive data of a user is transmitted to an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.

In conclusion, after the foregoing proxy server700receives challenge information, the proxy server700replaces a client to complete a response process in VNC authentication. Compared with the other approaches, the response process in the VNC authentication can be completed without a need to transmit sensitive data of a user, such as a password, to a network environment of an untrusted domain such that a problem in the other approaches that the sensitive data is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the password is transmitted to the untrusted domain is avoided. Therefore, security in a VNC authentication process is improved. In addition, according to a processing process of the RFB protocol, in a process in which the client still receives the challenge information and returns a response value, impact on the processing process of the RFB protocol in the other approaches is reduced, and information security in the VNC authentication process is improved.

FIG. 8is a schematic diagram of a proxy server800according to the present disclosure. As shown in the figure, the proxy server800includes a processor801, a memory802, a communications interface803, and a bus804. The processor801, the memory802, and the communications interface803are connected and communicate with each other using the bus804, the memory802is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and when the proxy server800runs, the processor801executes the computer execution instruction stored in the memory802to perform, using hardware resources in the proxy server800, the operations of receiving a password sent by a controller, receiving challenge information sent by a serving end, where the challenge information is generated by the serving end based on VNC authentication, determining a first response value according to the password and the challenge information, and sending the first response value to the serving end.

The proxy server800according to this embodiment of the present disclosure may be corresponding to a method described in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the foregoing and other operations and/or functions of the units in the proxy server800are respectively used to implement the corresponding procedures of the methods inFIG. 2toFIG. 5. For brevity, details are not described herein again.

According to a description of the foregoing proxy server800, in a response process in VNC authentication, compared with the other approaches, the proxy server800may replace a client to complete a response process of challenge information sent by a serving end such that a problem that sensitive data of a user is leaked or decrypted by brute force because the sensitive data is transmitted and stored in an untrusted domain is avoided, and security in a VNC authentication process is improved.