Piston rod assembly

A piston rod assembly has a release link connector (12) coupled to a power end component (10) and a fluid end component (11). The connector (12) allows quick release of the assembly and includes one or more tension links (15,20) which do not extend or protrude beyond the axial limit of the ends of the body (13) of the connector (12).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to high pressure reciprocating pumps such as those 
used to pump drilling mud in the oil production industry, including those 
pumps commonly referred to in the industry as mud and slush pumps. 
It is necessary with high pressure reciprocating pumps to replace the 
piston or other dynamic component with relative regularity and it is 
therefore advantageous if this task can be performed quickly and easily. 
The piston forms one of the components in the fluid end of a piston rod 
assembly in a reciprocating pump. Typically, it is fixed to a piston link 
which is connected to an extension rod or other component at the power end 
of the pump by a connector. 
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved connector 
which is more durable and which facilitates an efficient replacement of 
worn pistons, plungers or the like, and the make-up and disassembly of 
piston rod assemblies generally. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
In UK Patent No 2 190 170 there is disclosed a piston rod assembly for an 
High Pressure Reciprocating Pump, comprising a power end component, a 
fluid end component and a connector releasably connected to said end 
components, said connector having a pair of tension links extending 
therefrom and having coupling means to co-operate with coupling means on 
the end components, and means within the connector for causing movement of 
the links against tension to move into co-operative disposition with the 
end components to permit coupling or uncoupling and for returning the 
links under tension to secure the components when coupled against release. 
It is notable in this earlier patent that the tension links extend beyond 
the axial limits, that is the end walls 14, of the body 13 of the 
connector. In the present invention it is recognised that this is 
disadvantageous for various reasons, including that the tension links are 
more likely to be damaged, given their hollow structure, if protruding 
axially, and that the connector is less compact. Also a male tension link 
which protrudes beyond the end wall of the body of the connector may 
damage the rubbing surface of a plunger, for example, in a stuffing box. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
According to the present invention there is provided a piston rod assembly 
comprising a connector releasably connected between a power end component 
and a fluid end component, said connector having a body member and first 
and second tension links, wherein each link has a coupling pin to 
co-operate with respective apertures on the end components, the connector 
further including biasing means for biasing the links, when coupled, in 
shear to resist uncoupling thereof and a means for causing movement of the 
one or more links against said bias to enable their movement into 
co-operative disposition with the end components to permit coupling or 
uncoupling, characterised in that at least one of the links does not 
extend beyond the axial limit of the body. 
Preferably there is a first said tension link which is free to rotate about 
the longitudinal axis of the connector, relative to the connector, and a 
second said tension link which is restrained from rotating about the 
longitudinal axis of the connector. 
Preferably the biasing means comprises mechanical springs; most suitably 
disc springs, while the means for causing movement of the one or more 
links against said bias includes a pressurising fluid, the pressure of 
which acts on the one or more tension links. 
The means for causing movement of two tension links may comprise a pair of 
pistons with the heads thereof disposed in back to back relation, said 
pistons being attached to or integral with said tension links, and means 
for forcing the pistons apart comprising a chamber located between the 
piston heads, the chamber being supplied with pressurised fluid. 
Alternatively mechanical apparatus could be used to force the pistons 
apart. 
Preferably the tension link which is free to rotate is sandwiched between a 
piston component and a shoulder component enabling the tension link to 
rotate while the piston is under pressure from the pressurising fluid. 
The apertures in the two tension links may be adapted to be aligned with 
respective apertures in the power end and fluid end components, and one or 
more respective coupling pins sized to be received and located in the 
aligned apertures. 
Preferably the tension link and respective end component are coupled 
together in a male/female formation. Both tension links may be female and 
not extend beyond the axial limits of the body of the connector. 
The fluid end component may be a piston link which is coupled to the 
connector, wherein the piston link supports a piston which is retained on 
the piston link by a mechanical retainer, wherein the mechanical retainer 
and piston link are forcibly biased relative to the piston in a direction 
adapted to tighten the retainer on the piston link, and wherein means is 
provided for causing movement when desired of the piston link and 
mechanical retainer against said bias to assist in the removal of said 
retainer and thereafter said piston from said piston link. 
Preferably the retainer is a nut threaded on the piston link. 
The means for causing movement of the piston link preferably comprises a 
chamber adapted to receive pressurised fluid or locate mechanical 
compressive apparatus. 
Preferably a dowel is mounted in said piston link which engages a recess in 
said stud piston for preventing rotation of the piston link. 
Preferably the piston rod assembly is associated with a fluid inlet/outlet 
device for supplying pressure fluid into or out of the chamber between the 
pistons of the connector or the chamber behind the piston of the piston 
link, wherein the fluid inlet/outlet device comprises, in combination, a 
filling body having one or more radial fluid outlet passages associated 
with a central passage for the injection of fluid into internal openings 
of the radial passages in the filling body and an inlet nozzle for 
injecting pressurised fluid into the filling body, said nozzle being 
adapted for location in the central passage of the filling body and having 
a longitudinal fluid inlet passage which bends through an angle to exit 
from the side of the nozzle between two pressure seals and align with the 
radial fluid inlet passage of the filling body, the nozzle also having a 
separate pressure equalising bleed hole which extends through the nozzle 
from the end of the nozzle when it is pushed into the body. 
Preferably the coupling pin is attached to a wash pipe.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring firstly to FIGS. 1 and 2, a piston rod assembly which can be used 
in a high pressure reciprocating oilfield mud pump comprises of a cross 
head extension rod 10, a piston link 11 and a release link connector 12 
connecting the two end components 10, 11. 
The release link connector 12 has a cylindrical body 13 and two spring 
retainers 14. A male tension link 15 projects axially from one end of the 
release link connector 12. The male link 15 is the rotatable outer portion 
of a piston 16 and is connected to the piston 16 by means of a shoulder 
17, a swivel link 18 and adjustment shims 19. A female tension link 20 is 
contained axially within the body 13 at the opposite end to that 
containing the male link 15. The female link 20 is the outer portion of a 
non rotating piston 21. Pistons 16 and 21 are located within the body 13 
in back-to-back relation such that a chamber 22 is provided between the 
two pistons 16 and 21. Spring means, such as disc springs 23 between the 
respective pistons 16 and 21 and spring retainers 14 resist outward 
movement of the pistons 16, 21. Thus, the pistons 16, 21 are normally in 
their withdrawn position with the links 15 and 20 being pushed by the 
springs 23 into the body 13. 
When chamber 22 is pressurised by fluid 40 the pistons 16 and 21 are forced 
outwards for a short distance just sufficient to bring a pin aperture 24 
in each link into register with a similar opening in the two end 
components 10, 11 after which a pin 25 is inserted into each of the 
through apertures 24. 
When pressure in the chamber 22 is released by removal of fluid 40, the 
pistons 16, 21 are pushed inwards by the springs 23 thus placing in shear 
the pins 25 and retaining the end components 10, 11 securely attached to 
the connector 12. The operation of coupling the end components 10, 11 to 
the release link connector 12 takes approximately thirty seconds. To 
uncouple, the chamber 22 is again pressurised to release the shear force 
on the locking pins 25 which can then be easily removed out of the 
apertures 24. The couplings can be removed, the piston changed, and the 
rod re-assembled in less than five minutes. 
Alternatively referring to FIGS. 1A and 2A the release link connector 112 
has a cylindrical body 113 and two spring retainers 114. A male tension 
link 115 is contained axially within one end of the release link 112. The 
link 115 is in the rotatable outer portion of piston 116 and is connected 
to the piston 116 by means of a shoulder 117, a swivel link 118 and 
adjustment shims 119. A female tension link 120 is contained axially 
within the body 113 at the opposite end to that containing the link 115. 
Link 120 is the outer portion of a non rotating piston 121. Pistons 116 
and 121 are located within the body 113 in back-to-back relation such that 
a chamber 122 is provided between the two pistons 116 and 121. 
Referring again to FIG. 6, the piston link 11 has an axial, outwardly 
extending stud 9 on which is mounted a piston head 37 secured by a 
retaining nut 38. The stud 9 is in the outer portion of a stud piston 70. 
Stud piston 70 is located within the piston link 11 such that a chamber 71 
is provided between the stud piston 70 and the bottom of a cylinder 72 
bored axially in the piston link 11. Spring means such as disc springs 23 
between the stud piston 70 and a spring retainer 73 resist outwards 
movement of the piston. Thus the piston is normally in its withdrawn 
position with the stud 9 being pushed by the springs 23 into the piston 
link 11. When the chamber 71 is pressurised by fluid 40 the stud piston 70 
is forced outwards for a short distance just sufficient to allow the 
tension on the stud 9 to be reduced enough to be able to easily release 
the nut 38. When the pressure in chamber 71 is released the stud piston 70 
is pushed inwards by the springs 23 thus placing in tension the stud 9 and 
hence securely attaching the piston head 37 to the piston link 11 with the 
nut 38. To release the nut 38 and hence the piston head 37, the chamber 71 
is again pressurised to release the tension on the stud 9 so that the nut 
38 can be easily removed. The piston can be removed and changed in 
seconds. The tension on the stud 9 is predetermined by designing the 
spring force to equate with the required nut tightening torque. A dowel 75 
prevents unwanted rotation of the stud piston 70 within the cylinder 72. 
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the chamber 22 and 122 in FIGS. 1 and 1a, 
respectively, or 71 in FIG. 6 communicates with an opening 26 (FIG. 1) or 
74 (FIG. 6) in the wall of the connector body 13 or the piston link 11 via 
a fluid inlet/outlet device 27 which is inserted into the opening 26 or 
74. The device 27 has a filling body 82 which has a series of radial 
through passages 28 communicating with the central passage 29 whereby 
pressurising fluid entering the device 27 exits into chamber 22 or 71 via 
the radial passages 28. The pressurising fluid is preferably supplied by a 
speed hand pump and is retained by closing the check-valve on the hand 
pump. In order to relieve the pressure in chamber 22, the check valve on 
the hand pump is opened. 
The pressurising fluid is inserted into the device by a nozzle 30, as shown 
in FIG. 4, which has a fluid passage 31 having an axial run and a bend to 
exit radially between two pressure seals 80,81. The nozzle is designed so 
that the radial outlet feeds into the radial passages 28 in the device 27. 
The nozzle 30 also has a pressure equalizing bleed hole 33 which has an 
axial run from the inner end 34 of the nozzle and a bend to exit through 
the side of the nozzle at 35 to atmosphere. Thus, excess fluid lying in 
the central passage 29, shown in FIG. 3 is forced out to atmosphere when 
pushing the nozzle 30 into the device 27. The nozzle is for example, 
attached to a H P source such as an hydraulic hand pump. 
Referring again to FIG. 2, the cross head extension rod 10 terminates in a 
male coupling 60 by which the cross head extension rod 10 can be coupled 
to the release link connector 12. All the various pump manufacturers have 
different cross head extension designs. All of these designs are flawed in 
that premature failure may take place due to their system of clamping. 
Several different cross head extension rods 10 are therefore produced to 
suit the various power ends. All have the same configuration on the male 
coupling 60 to connect with the release link 12. 
Referring again to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the connecting tension link 
24 is rotatable whilst the space 22 is pressurised. This is necessary in 
order that the pin aperture 15 in the piston link 11 may be aligned with 
the pin aperture 24 in the release link 12. Other known release links 
using pins in shear type connections do not allow rotation, thus making 
pin alignment very difficult. Also it is desirable to occasionally turn 
piston heads 37 within the pump bore in order to "even" their wear 
pattern. This is effected quickly and simply by pressurising the chamber 
22 thus releasing the shear force on the pin 25 and consequently the 
friction force between the release link 12 and the piston link 11. The 
piston link 11 is then rotated using a conventional wrench. This process 
takes approximately 30 seconds whereas the same process using known clamp 
systems takes approximately 15 minutes and with known pins in shear type 
systems it is even longer. 
The high pressure reciprocating slush pump as hereinbefore described may be 
provided with a universal connector which can quickly connect and 
disconnect for quick make-up or quick release of the piston rod assembly. 
The piston rod assembly as hereinbefore described also takes account of 
other problems that can exist with mud pumps. For example, accumulation of 
sand and other solids under the sealing element of the piston against the 
cylinder wall can cause damage to the element and excessive wear on the 
sealing element and cylinder wall. The clearance between the piston and 
the cylinder wall increases due to this wear which increases the 
difficulty of the piston retaining its seal with the cylinder wall. The 
pump described herein provides a wash pipe to locate cooling and flushing 
fluid as close as possible to the heat generator (piston). The existing 
systems require the feed pipework to be disconnected from the rod system 
prior to dismantling the rod. Referring to FIG. 2, a wash pipe 85 is 
attached to the pin 25, thus allowing the complete wash system to be 
lifted clear while still attached to the feed pipework. 
Also it is necessary to use a substantial force to pull the piston link 11, 
with the piston head 37, attached from the pump. All existing systems 
require special tools and adaptors to pull the piston link 11 and piston 
head 37 from the pump. This invention has a male coupling means 60 on the 
cross head extension rod 10 which mates directly with the female coupling 
36 on the piston link 11. When the release link connector 12 is removed, 
the cross head extension rod 10 is driven forward until the male coupling 
60 and female coupling 36 are aligned. The pin 25 is then fitted into the 
aperture 24 thus joining the cross head extension rod 10 and the piston 
link 11. The cross head extension rod 10 is then driven backwards towards 
the power end thus withdrawing the piston head 37 from the pump. 
At the power end of a mud pump, the cross head extension rod passes through 
a bulkhead where it is engaged by a seal; on one side of the bulkhead the 
rod is immersed in oil, and on the other side it is in an environment that 
contains mud and other corrosive and abrasive substances and as a result 
the outer surface of the rod is subject to wear which in turn damages the 
seal. A disadvantage of some known intermediate extension rods is that the 
end for connection to the release link has a larger diameter than the body 
thus preventing easy replacement of the bulkhead seal; at present, the 
cross head extension rod must first be disconnected from the cross head 
and removed so that the worn seal can be removed and replaced. The rod 
system described herein provides a cross head extension rod that is 
parallel and that will allow easy replacement of a worn bulkhead seal. 
At the fluid end of the rod assembly it is necessary to attach the piston 
to the piston link using a retainer, which in the example embodiment 
illustrated comprises a threaded nut. Existing systems require a large 
torque to be applied to the nut with a wrench causing damage to the 
components and requiring a high degree of operator skill. The invention 
removes the requirement for both large tightening torques and operator 
skill to achieve correct tightening. 
Modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the 
invention. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the pistons 16 and 21 
may be moved by mechanical means such as a cam, housed in the chamber 22, 
and actuated by a key inserted through an aperture in the side of the 
connector body. Also, the spring means may be other than springs 23. 
Also the invention is also applicable to dynamic components other than 
pistons, and is intended to encompass plungers and the like. 
The H P reciprocating mud pump rod system as hereinbefore described has 
many advantages. For example the release link connector 12 allows for very 
quick make-up and dismantling of the piston rod. The removable wash pipe 
85 is positioned to bring the source of cooling water as close as possible 
to the heat-generating piston head and is easily and quickly removed. The 
quick release fitting provides an High Pressure fitting that can be 
quickly assembled and disassembled without external fasteners. It is 
inherently safe and cannot blow apart when pressurised. The rod system has 
a "built in" piston removal tool. The system allows power end seals to be 
replaced without removal of the cross head extension rod. The system 
allows for fast accurate tightening and releasing of the piston nut 38.