Tonneau cover apparatus for pickup truck vehicles

Tonneau cover apparatus for pickup trucks includes an elongated track secured to the sides of a pickup, with ribs or cross members extending across the bed of the pickup and secured to bearing guides movable on the track. An impervious tonneau cover is secured to the ribs and is movable therewith to cover the bed of the pickup.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to tonneau covers, and more particularly, to tonneau 
covers for covering the beds of pickup trucks. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
Prior art patents are concerned more with shell type covers for trucks, 
including pickup trucks, than for tonneau covers which extends only across 
the sides of the pickup truck beds and which have no vertical wall 
structure above the sides of the truck. Examples of such shell types 
campers are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,201,171, 3,606,448, 3,688,787, and 
3,901,548. 
The '171 patent discloses a frame securable to the upper or top portion of 
a pickup bed side wall, and movable on the side wall, to allow the frame 
with a cover secured thereto, to collapse like an accordian. The cover, 
with the frame, comprises a generally inverted "U" shaped shell which 
defines a compartment between the bed of the pickup and the top or upper 
portion of the cover. Tension controls are included in the vertical 
members of the frame to provide a vertical tension on the frame to keep 
the cover taut when the apparatus is in the extended position. 
The '448 patent discloses a cover which, in general configuration, is 
similar to that of the '171 patent. It comprises a generally "U" shaped 
inverted frame, with the cover secured thereto, which moves on a track 
disposed or secured to the top of the sides of a pickup truck bed. Another 
type of cover which collapses in an accordian-like fashion is shown in the 
'787 patent. Again, a generally inverted "U" shaped frame is secured to 
the top of the side walls of a pickup truck, with a covering disposed over 
the frame. The frame collapses in an accordian-like fashion. 
Another slidable cover for a pickup truck, which includes the same general 
configuration of an inverted "U" shaped frame, but with the arms (or legs) 
of the frame extending outwardly rather than directly vertically, is shown 
in the '548 patent. The frame moves on a channel secured to the pickup bed 
walls. 
Another type of cover for a truck is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,342,523. The 
cover comprises a sectional cover which includes supports secured to truck 
walls. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,363,938 also discloses a collapsible truck cover which 
moves longitudinally with respect to the bed of a truck and which includes 
arched vertical supports to which the cover is secured. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,749 discloses a collapsible cover which does not 
require or does not utilize a vertical frame, but rather includes a track 
secured to the top of side walls of a truck, and a cover which extends 
between the brackets secured to the walls of the truck. The cover moves 
horizontally over the truck of the bed, and, when in the closed position, 
nests in a vertical position adjacent the forward end of the truck bed. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The apparatus disclosed and claimed herein comprises a collapsible or 
foldable cover secured to the sides or side walls of a pickup truck, with 
supporting cross members movable in a track secured to the sides of the 
bed. 
Among the objects of the present invention are the following: 
To provide new and useful tonneau cover apparatus for a pickup truck; 
To provide new and useful apparatus for covering the bed of a pickup truck 
with the cover extending between the vertical sides of the pickup truck; 
To provide new and useful apparatus movable on a track for covering the bed 
of a pickup; 
To provide new and useful apparatus for moving a bracket and a cover 
secured thereto in a pair of parallel tracks secured to the sides of a 
pickup truck; and 
To provide new and useful apparatus for securing a cover in place on the 
back of a pickup truck.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
FIG. 1 comprises a perspective view of a pickup truck 2. The truck 2 
includes a cab 4, a left side wall 6, a right side wall 14, and a tailgate 
24. Tonneau cover apparatus 50, which includes a tonneau cover 52, is 
shown secured to the pickup truck, and extending between the cab 4 and the 
tailgate 24, and between the left side wall 6 and the right side wall 14. 
It will be noted that the tonneau cover 52 extends substantially the full 
length of the pickup bed, which is the area from rearwardly of the cab 4 
to the tailgate 24, and between the side walls. Moreover, it will be noted 
that the tonneau cover 52 is substantially flush or flat with the tops of 
the respective side walls and tailgate. The cover 52 is actually secured 
to a front wall 22, as shown in FIGS. 9 which wall 22 is disposed adjacent 
the cab 4 and, as is understood, also secured to the side walls 6 and 14. 
As is well known in the construction of pickup trucks, the actual bed of 
the truck is surrounded by vertically extending walls, all of which are 
substantially the same height. With respect to the pickup truck 2 
illustrated in FIG. 1, and portions of which are shown in other Figures 
herein, it is assumed that the walls, including the front wall 22, and the 
left and right side walls 6 and 14, respectively, and the tailgate 24, are 
about the same height. 
As is also well known in the art, the walls, including the side walls and 
the tailgate, of pickup trucks are generally comprised of two spaced apart 
panels, which are commonly referred to as double walls. The two panels, 
which are generally vertically extending, are spaced apart by a top wall 
portion which, on contemporary pickup trucks, is generally flat or 
horizontally extending. 
The tonneau cover apparatus 50 includes the cover 52, which is generally a 
relatively long panel of appropriate fabric or material, such as vinyl. 
The cover 52 extends between the cab 4 (or actually the front wall 22) and 
the tailgate 24, and between the side walls 6 and 14. Details of securing 
the tonneau cover 52 to the front wall 22 is best shown in FIG. 9, and of 
securing the cover 52 to the side walls is illustrated best in FIGS. 4 and 
5. FIG. 10 shows the cover 52 at the closed tailgate 24. 
FIG. 4 is a view in partial section of the apparatus of FIG. 1 taken 
generally along line 4--4 of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a view in partial section 
of the apparatus of FIG. 1 taken generally along line 5--5 of FIG. 1. 
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the securing of tonneau cover apparatus 50 to the 
side walls of the pickup truck 2. The tonneau cover 52 moves 
longitudinally with respect to the pickup truck 2 on a pair of tracks 80 
secured to the side walls of the pickup bed. FIG. 2 comprises a 
perspective view of a track 80, with cooperating portions separated or 
exploded from the track 80 to show the relationships among the various 
elements. FIG. 8 is a view in partial section of the track 80, taken 
generally along line 8--8 of FIG. 4. For the following discussion of the 
tonneau cover apparatus 50, particularly as it relates to the track 80, 
reference will be made primarily to FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8. Descriptions 
of other Figures, as they relate to various elements, will be given below 
as they are discussed. 
The right side wall 14 of the pickup truck 2, as best shown in FIGS. 4 and 
5, comprises a right side outer wall 16 spaced apart from a right side 
inner wall 18, and joined by a right side top wall 20. The track 80 is 
secured to the inner wall 18, and a portion of the track extends over the 
top wall 20. 
The track 80 includes three portions, the first of which is a primary or 
groove portion 82 which comprises three segments. The first segment is a 
vertical segment or wall portion 84, which includes an axially extending 
groove 86. The second segment is a second vertical wall portion 88, which 
also includes an axially extending groove 90, and the third segment is a 
bottom portion 92. The vertical wall portions 84 and 88 are substantially 
parallel to each other and spaced apart to allow for the movement 
therebetween of a bearing guide 120. The grooves 86 and 90 are also 
substantially parallel to each other. They receive bearings 140 which 
extend outwardly from the bearing guide 120. The bottom portion 92 
connects the vertical wall portions. 
The second and third portions of the track 80 comprise a horizontally 
extending flange 94 which extends outwardly from the vertical portion or 
wall 84, and a vertical flange 96, which extends downwardly from the 
vertical wall 84. The horizontal flange 94, as shown in both FIGS. 4 and 
5, extends over the top wall 20 of the right side wall 14. A gasket 102 is 
shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 as being disposed on the bottom surface of the 
horizontal flange 94 and thus contacts the upper surface of the top wall 
20. The gasket 102 accordingly comprises a seal between the horizontal 
flange 94 of the track 80 and the truck side wall 14. 
The vertically downwardly extending flange 96 includes a plurality of 
spaced apart apertures or holes 98. The holes 98 receive screws, such as 
the screw 100, to secure the track 80 to the inner side wall 18, as best 
shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The screw 100 is shown spaced apart from the hole 
98 in FIG. 2. While the track 80 is illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 in 
conjunction with the right side wall 14, it is obvious that by simply 
reversing the track 80 it may also be disposed against, and secured to, 
the left side wall 6 of the pickup truck. 
The bearing guide 120 is shown in FIG. 2 spaced apart from the track 80. It 
comprises a generally rectangular tubular portion having a top wall 122, a 
pair of spaced apart side walls 124 and 126, and a bottom wall 128. The 
cross section of the bearing guide is rectangular, with the top wall 122 
substantially parallel to the bottom wall 128, and the side walls 124 and 
126 substantially parallel to and spaced apart from eah other. The side 
walls 124 and 126 each includes a pair of aligned bearing apertures 130 
which each receive a bearing 140. 
The assembly of the bearing guide 120 within the track 80 is best shown in 
FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 8, which comprises a top view in partial section of 
the apparatus of FIG. 4, taken generally along line 8--8 of FIG. 4, also 
shows the bearing guide 120 disposed on the track 80, and with the 
bearings 140 extending from the bearing apertures 130 of the bearing guide 
120 into the parallel grooves 86 and 90 of the vertical side walls 84 and 
88, respectively, of the track 80. 
The top 122 of the bearing guide 120 includes a tapped hole or aperture 
132. As best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a portion of a threaded shank 152 of 
a screw 150 extends into the tapped aperture 132. The screw 150 also 
includes a head 154 which is disposed above the top wall 122 of the 
bearing guide 120. The purpose of the screw 150 will be discussed below, 
in conjunction with FIGS. 4, 5, and other Figures. 
The bearing guide 120 also includes a pir of end plugs 134 and 136 which 
extend into the open ends of the bearing guide. The interior of the 
bearing guide 120 comprises an interior bore 138, which is defined by the 
top and bottom walls 122 and 128, respectively, and the side walls 124 and 
126. The interior bore 138 is preferably filled with grease or other 
lubricant to provide appropriate lubrication for the ball bearings 140. As 
is best shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, the bearings 140 communicate with the 
interior bore 138 through the bearing apertures 130 and may accordingly be 
lubricated by the grease or other lubricant disposed within the bore 138. 
An alternate bearing block 142 is shown in FIGS. 13, 14, and 15. FIG. 13 is 
a top view, with a portion broken away, of the alternate bearing block 
142, and FIG. 14 is an end view of the bearing block 142 of FIG. 13. FIG. 
15 is a view in partial section of the bearing block 142 taken generally 
along line 15--15 of FIG. 13. 
The bearing block 142 comprises a generally rectangular, solid block 144, 
which is nearly square in cross section, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. The 
block 144 includes a pair of bearing recesses 146 extending inwardly with 
respect to the block from each of the opposite and parallel sides. A 
tapped aperture 148 extends through the block from the top to the bottom, 
as best illustrated in FIG. 15. The screw 150, of FIGS. 4 and 5, is shown 
threadedly engaging the tapped aperture or hole 148 of the block 142 in 
FIG. 14. 
The block 144 is preferably made of a plastic and self-lubricating 
material, such as nylon, to minimize frictional resistance between the 
block 104 and the bearings 140 which extend into the bearing recesses 146. 
To retain the bearing guide 120, or the alternate bearing guide 142, 
whichever is used, in the track 80, an end bracket 160 is secured to the 
track 80. The end bracket 160, shown best in FIG. 2, comprises an outer or 
tailgate end bracket 160. A forward end bracket 180 is shown in FIG. 12. 
The end bracket 160 comprises a single piece, bent into three portions. 
The three portions include a bottom portion 162, which includes four holes 
164 which receive appropriate fasteners, such as screws, to secure the 
bracket 160 to the track 80. 
A second portion, secured to the bottom portion 162, and extending 
substantially perpendicular thereto, is an end wall 166. The end wall 166 
extends upwardly from the bottom portion 162 to cover the end of the track 
80 to retain the bearing guides, such as bearing guide 120, in the track. 
The third portion of the end bracket 160 comprises a side wall 168. The 
side wall includes an angle portion 170, remote from the bottom portion 
162 and the end portion 166. The side wall 168 extends vertically, 
substantially perpendicular to both the bottom portion 162 and the end 
wall 166. The side wall 168 includes a locking hole 172 extending through 
the wall to receive a locking pin or bolt, as discussed below. 
FIG. 3 comprises a top view of the end bracket 160, showing the 
relationship between the three portions of the end bracket 160, including 
the bottom portion 162, the end portion 166, and the side portion 168. The 
four holes 164 are shown extending through the bottom 162. The holes 164 
are spaced apart in a regular geometric configuration. 
In FIG. 2, the end bracket 160 is shown spaced apart from the track 80. In 
FIG. 3, the end bracket 160 is shown with a portion of the track 80 in 
phantom, illustrating the orientation of the end bracket 160 relative to 
the track 80. The orientation of the angled portion 170 of the side wall 
168 is best illustrated in FIG. 3. It will be noted that the side wall 168 
is spaced apart slightly from the vertical side wall 88 of the track 80. 
However, the bent portion 170 extends inwardly to close the spacing 
between the vertical side wall 88 of the track until the bent portion 170 
is substantially adjacent or in contact with the side wall. Thus, the side 
wall portion 170 defines a cam surface which allows the locking bolt, as 
mentioned above and as discussed below, to ride on the side wall of the 
end bracket until it reaches the hole or aperture 172 and is biased 
therein by a compression spring, also discussed in detail below, primarily 
in conjunction with FIG. 5. 
FIG. 12 comprises a top view of a portion of the tonneau cover apparatus 50 
secured to the pickup truck 2. A portion of the tonneau cover apparatus is 
broken away to show various details of the apparatus. Included in FIG. 12 
is a view in partial section of a forward bracket 180 shown secured to the 
track 80 adjacent the front wall 22 of the pickup 2. It will be noted that 
the track 80 extends along the right side wall 14 to the front end wall 
22, adjacent the cab 4 of the pickup 2. Accordingly, the front wall 22 
acts as a stop to prevent the bearing guides from rolling out of the track 
80 forwardly. However, the front or forward end bracket 180, while it does 
not serve the function of retaining the bearing guides within the track 
80, still retains the function of locking the tonneau cover 50 in place at 
the forward end of the bed 32, as shown best in FIG. 12. As is obvious, 
the bracket 180 does not include an end portion, comparable to end portion 
166 of bracket 160. 
The forward end bracket 180 includes a bottom portion 182 and a side wall 
184. The bottom portion 182 is substantially the same as the bottom 
portion 162 of the outer or tailgage end bracket 160, in that it includes 
four holes throuh which appropriate fasteners, such as screws, extend to 
secure the end bracket 180 to the bottom of the track 80. The end bracket 
180 also includes a side wall 184 which includes an angled portion 186. 
The side wall 184 is secured to the bottom wall 182, and extends 
vertically upwardly therefrom and substantially perpendicular thereto. As 
may be seen from FIG. 12, the side wall 184 is spaced apart from the outer 
wall 88 of the track 80 and it includes a hole or aperture into which a 
locking bolt extends. The angled portion 186 of the end bracket 180 
extends from the side wall 184 inwardly toward the wall 88 of the track 80 
and comprises or defines a cam surface against which the locking bolt may 
ride until it reaches the hole in the side wall 184, into which it then 
extends to lock the cover 52 to the track 80. 
The right side wall 14 if the pickup 2 has been discussed in conjunction 
with a single track 80 and the end brackets 160 and 180. It will be 
understood that the left side wall 6 of the pickup 2 (see FIG. 1) also 
includes a track 80, with a plurality of bearing guides, as discussed 
above, and with appropriate end brackets, such as the end brackets 160 and 
180. The end brackets for the left side wall will comprise mirror images 
of the brackets 160 and 180, as shown and discussed herein. Moreover, the 
locking bolt, and locking elements, as discussed below, are found on both 
sides of the pickup to lock the tonneau cover 52 to both sides of the 
apparatus 50 and the truck 2. 
Turning again to FIG. 1, it will be noted that a plurality of cross members 
190 are shown in phantom extending laterally with respect to the pickup 2 
and to the tonneau cover apparatus 50, beneath the cover 52. For long 
bedded pickups, five cross members 190 are preferred, and for short bed 
pickups, only four cross members 190 are needed. A single master or outer 
end cross member 290 is shown in phantom in FIG. 1. 
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross member 190, showing the cross member secured to 
a slave bracket 250. The slave bracket 250 is in turn secured to a bearing 
guide 120. FIG. 5 shows, in partial section, the master cross member 200 
secured to a master bracket 260, which is in turn secured to a bearing 
guide 120. 
FIG. 11 is a view in partial section showing the tonneau cover apparatus 50 
and its folded, or rearward position, and showing the cover 52 secured to 
a plurality of the cross members 190 through the slave brackets 250. It 
will be noted that the track 80 and bearing guides 120 (or 143) are not 
shown in FIG. 11. They have been omitted for clarity. See FIGS. 4, 5, and 
12 for all the various elements and their relationships to each other. 
FIG. 12, which has been briefly mentioned above, shows from the top the 
tonneau cover apparatus 50 in its folded position, similar to FIG. 11, but 
with a portion of the cover removed to show the relationship between the 
cross members 190, the slave brackets 250, and the bearing guides 120. The 
relationship of the various elements and the track 80 is also illustrated 
in FIG. 12. Moreover, the master cross member 200 is also shown, with its 
locking apparatus and the inner or forward end bracket 180 secured 
together and to the track 80. Most of the various elements which comprise 
the tonneau cover apparatus 50 are accordingly illustrated in FIG. 12. 
For the following discussion pertaining to the cross members 190 and the 
slave brackets 250, reference will be made primarily to FIGS. 4, 5, 11, 
and 12, as described above. 
The cross members 190 are preferably square steel tubing. They include four 
adjacent panels or walls, including a top panel or wall 190, a pair of 
side panels or walls 194 and 196, and a bottom panel or wall 198. The 
interior of the cross members 190 is, of course, hollow. 
The slave brackets 250 comprise a pair of plates, including a vertical end 
plate 252 and a horizontal top plate 254. The vertical and horizontal 
plates are disposed substantially perpendicularly to each other. The end 
plates 252 are secured to the ends of the cross members 200, preferably by 
welding, as may be seen in FIG. 4. The overall height of the brackets 250 
is substantially the same as the height of the cross members 190, and 
accordingly the top panel 192 of the cross member 190 is aligned with the 
horizontally extending plate 254 of the bracket 250. 
As may be seen from FIGS. 11 and 12, the width of the brackets 250 is 
greater than the width of the cross members 190, and the cross members 190 
are secured substantially centrally with respect to the vertical end 
plates 252. 
The horizontally extending top plate 254 of each slave bracket 250 includes 
a slot 256 which extends longitudinally with respect to the plate 254. At 
the outer or distal end of each top plate, remote from the end plate 252, 
is a centrally located rivet hole 258. As best shown in FIG. 4, the slot 
256 is disposed over the top 122 of the bearing guide 120, with the shank 
152 of the screw 150 extending through the slot and secured to the bearing 
guide 120. The width of the slot 256 is slightly greater than the diameter 
of the shank 152 of the screw 150, so that the cross member 190 and the 
slave bracket 250 moves freely relative to the screw 150 and the bearing 
guide 120. However, the width of the slot 256 is substantially less than 
the diameter of the head 154 of the screw 150, so that when the shank 152 
of the screw is extended through the slot 256 and secured to the bearing 
guide 120, the head 154 of the screw 150 will prevent the disengagement of 
the bracket 250, as secured to the cross member 190, from the bearing 
guide 120 and the screw 150. The length of the slot 256 accordingly allows 
relative motion between the cross member 190 and its bracket 250 and the 
bearing guide 120. This, in turn, allows for the shifting of the cross 
member as the cross member is moved axially with respect to the track 80, 
and also allows for compensating movement of the cross member 190 relative 
to the track 80 which may result from the parking of the pickup 2 on a 
slope, on a shoulder of a road, or even vertical and/or lateral movement 
of the sides 6 and 14 of the pickup truck relative to each other, which 
may result from an accident, or the like. 
The rivet hole 258 is used to secure the tonneau cover 50 to the bracket 
250, as will be explained in detail below. However, it will be noted that 
only a single rivet is used for each slave bracket. 
The master or outer cross member 200, shown perhaps best in FIG. 5, 
comprises a rectangular steel tube which includes a top panel or wall 202, 
a pair of side panels or walls 204 and 206, and a bottom panel or wall 
208. The width of the cross member 200 is substantially larger than the 
width of the cross members 190. Only a single master or outer cross member 
is required for each tonneau cover apparatus 50. 
A master bracket 260 is secured to the outer end of the cross member 200, 
as best shown in FIG. 5. The bracket 260 is, like the brackets 250, 
comprised of a vertically extending plate or portion 262 and a 
horizontally extending plate or portion 266. The vertical portion 266 
comprises a top plate. The vertical end plate 262 is secured, as by 
welding, to the end of the cross member 200. The top plate 266 is aligned 
with the top plate 202 of the cross member 200, as shown in FIG. 5. 
Because the cross member 200 and the bracket 260 accommodate a locking bolt 
292, the end plate 262 includes a hole or aperture 264 which extends 
through the end plate to allow the bolt to extend through the end plate 
262 and into the hole or aperture 172 of the end bracket 160, which hole 
is best shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5. 
The horizontally extending top plate 266 includes a slot 268, which is 
substantially identical to the slots 256 in the brackets 250. The slot 268 
also serves the same purpose, which is to receive a shank 152 of a screw 
150 to allow relative movement between the cross member 200 and the 
bearing guide 120. Similarly, the top plate 266 also includes, outboard of 
the slot 268, a rivet hole 270 for securing the cover 52 to the bracket 
260 and cross member 200 by a rivet 70. 
In FIG. 5, there is shown a tonneau cover 52 disposed over the cross member 
200, the master end bracket 260, and extending beyond the top plate 266 
and over the top panel 20 of the right side wall 14 of the pickup 2. It 
will be noted that the cover 52 is merely supported by the cross member 
200, and is not secured thereto. Moreover, the cover 52 is disposed over 
the head 154 of the screw 152. The cover 52 is secured to the outer or 
distal end of the top plate 266 of the bracket 260 by a rivet 70. The 
rivet 70 extends through the aperture or hole 270 in the plate 266, and 
also through a mating hole in the cover 52 to securely fasten the cover 52 
to the top plate 266 and accordingly to the bracket 260 and the cross 
member 200. In a similar way, a rivet 70 (not shown in FIG. 4, but see 
FIG. 11) extends through the apertures 258 in the slave end brackets 250 
to secure the cover 52 to the cross members 190 at the end brackets 250. 
This is best illustrated in FIG. 11. 
Thus, in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention, the 
tonneau cover 52 is secured in two places to each cross member by being 
secured to the outer ends of the top plates of the brackets secured to the 
outer ends cross members. This applies to both the cross members 190 and 
the end cross member 200. That is, the cover 52 is secured to the master 
end slave brackets on the ends of the cross members. However, as will be 
discussed below in conjunction with FIG. 10, the cover 52 is also secured 
by rivets to the end cross member 200. 
While there is a rigid connection between each cross member and its two end 
brackets, there is not a rigid connection between the bearing guides 120 
and the end brackets of the cross members, as discussed above. The 
flexibility of the cover 50 allows for the relative movement, vertical 
and/or lateral, between the cross members in which the movement of the 
cross members is not parallel to the adjacent cross members. 
FIG. 6 is a top view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 5 taken 
generally along line 6--6 of FIG. 5. It comprises a top view of a portion 
of the master end bracket 260. Part of the horizontal top plate 266 of the 
bracket 260 is shown, and the head 154 of the screw 150 is shown on top of 
the slot 268. As has been discussed above, the head 154 is substantially 
greater in diameter than the width of the slot 268, and accordingly the 
screw 150 is retained within the slot 268. The provision of the slot and 
the screw allows for both vertical and horizontal (or lateral) relative 
movement between the bracket 260 and the cross member 200 to which it is 
secured, with respect to the screw 150 and the bearing guide 120 to which 
it is secured and the track 80 in which the bearing guide is disposed. 
While the bracket 260 has been discussed above in conjunction with FIG. 6, 
it is obvious that the discussion concerning FIG. 6 is applicable to the 
brackets 250 with respect to the screws 150 and the bearing guides 120. 
The functioning of the bearing guides relative to both the master bracket 
260 and the slave brackets 250 is substantially identical, since the slots 
on the horizontally extending top plates of the slave brackets 250 and the 
master bracket 260 are substantially identical. Accordingly, the relative 
movement between the bearing guides 120 and the track in which they are 
disposed with respect to the cross members 190 and 200 is substantially 
identical. 
FIG. 7 is a view in partial section of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 
5, taken generally along line 7--7 of FIG. 5. For the following discussion 
pertaining to the locking of the cross member 200 with respect to the 
track 80, reference will be made primarily to FIGS. 5 and 7, but also to 
FIG. 12, a brief description of which has been previously given above. 
The end cross member 200 is locked relative to the track 80 by a spring 
biased locking bolt 292 which is disposed within a bracket 280, which is 
in turn disposed and secured within the cross member 200. The bracket 280 
comprises a generally elongated and inverted U-shaped member having a 
horizontally extending portion 282 and a pair of vertically extending end 
plates 284 and 288. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the horizontally extending 
portion 282 of the bracket 280 is disposed against the top wall or panel 
202 of the cross member 200. The end plates 284 and 288 extend downwardly 
from the horizontal plate 282. End plate 284 may be considered as the 
inner end plate, and end plate 288 may be considered as the outer end 
plate. The outer end plate 288 is secured to the vertical end plate 262 of 
the master bracket 260, preferably as by spot welding. Thus, for assembly 
purposes, the bracket 280 is first secured to the bracket 260, and then 
the combined brackets 260 and 280 are secured to the end of the cross 
member 200. 
The end plates 284 and 288 each have an aperture extending through the 
plates to accommodate the locking bolt 292. The plate 284 includes an 
aperture 286, and the end plate 288 includes an aperture 290. The 
apertures 286 and 290 are in axial alignment, and are preferably centrally 
disposed, vertically. 
The bolt 292 moves axially with respect to the bracket 280 and the cross 
member 200 under the bias of a compression spring 298 which is disposed 
about the locking bolt 292 between the inner surface of the inner end 
panel 284 and a pin 296 which extends downwardly through a slot 210 in the 
bottom wall or panel 208 of the cross member 200. The pin 296 is 
preferably threaded and accordingly is received in a tapped, radially 
extending bore in the locking bolt 292. The compression spring 298 urges 
the locking bolt 292 through the aligned apertures 290 and 264, and 
through the aperture 172 in the side wall 168 of the outer end bracket 
160, as shown in FIG. 5. The outer end of the locking bolt 292, denoted by 
reference numeral 294, extends through the aperture 172 to securely lock 
the cross member 200 to the end bracket 160 and accordingly to the track 
80 to which the end bracket 160 is secured by the plurality of rivets 174, 
as discussed above, and as shown in FIG. 5. 
Referring primarily to FIG. 7, the slot 210 which extends through the 
bottom panel 208 of the cross member 200 includes a locking portion or 
detent 212, which is simply an offset portion of the slot 210. When the 
pin 296 is disposed in the locking detent or slot 212, the outer or head 
end 294 of the locking bolt 292 is withdrawn from the locking hole 172 of 
the end bracket 160, and accordingly the cross member 200 is free to move 
longitudinally with respect to the bed of the truck 2. The inherent bias 
of the spring 298 against the pin 296 of the locking bolt 292 causes the 
pin to remain in the detent 212. As may be seen from the curved portion 
214 of the detent or slot 212, which is a concavely curved portion, the 
pin 296 must be either moved axially inwardly, toward the inner end plate 
284 of the bracket 280, or else it must be pivotally moved forwardly, or 
toward the cab of the truck, in order to move the pin 296 out of the 
locking slot 212. If the pin is first moved longitudinally inwardly, it 
must then be moved pivotally out of the locking slot 212 into the main 
portion of the slot 210 in order to allow outward axial movement of the 
pin 296, to the locking position, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. 
If a pivoting movement only is given to the pin 296, then the curved 
portion 214 of the locking slot 212 acts as a cam to allow a slight axial 
movement of the bolt 292 in combination with the rotating or pivoting 
movement to allow the pin 296 to move into the main or axial portion of 
the slot 210 for movement of the bolt to its locking position, as shown in 
FIGS. 5 and 12. 
Attention will be drawn to the description of the outer or tailgate end 
bracket 160, and the forward end bracket 180, given in detail above. It 
was noted that each end bracket includes an angled portion which extends 
from the respective side walls 168 and 184 of the end brackets to the side 
wall 88 of the track 80. Thus, when the pin 296 is released from the 
locking slot 212, and is allowed to move axially in the slot 210, under 
the bias of the spring 298, the head end 294 of the locking bolt 292 bears 
against the side walls, and their angled portions, of the respective end 
brackets, and against the side wall 88 of the track 80 while the cross 
member 200 is being moved relative to the bed and side walls of the pickup 
truck 2 to which the tonneau cover apparatus is secured. When the head end 
294 of the locking bolt 292 contacts an angled portion of an end bracket, 
the angled portion acts as a cam surface to cause the bolt 292 to move 
inwardly with respect to the bracket 280 and accordingly against the bias 
of the spring 298 until the locking bolt 292 is coaxially aligned with 
either locking hole 172 of the outer or tailgate end bracket 160 or its 
corresponding locking hole in the end bracket 180. At such time as the 
locking bolt 292 is aligned with a locking hole, the bias of the spring 
298 will cause the head end 294 to extend into the locking hole, to lock 
or secure the cross member 200 to an end bracket. Such engagement is, as 
discussed above, shown in FIG. 5 and is also, as previously discussed, 
shown in FIG. 12. Obviously, the pin 296 and the locking bolt 292 may be 
kept in the retracted position, with the pin 296 in the locking slot 212 
until axial alignment of the head 294 with its appropriate locking hole in 
an end bracket is accomplished. At such time as the axial alignment is 
accomplished, the pin 296 may be released from the locking slot 212 to 
allow the locking bolt 292 to extend into a locking hole on an end 
bracket. 
It will be noted, particularly with reference to FIG. 5, that the length of 
the locking bolt 292 is substantially greater than the overall length of 
the locking bracket 280. Moreover, the length of the slot 210 in the 
bottom panel 208 of the cross member 200 is correlated with the length of 
the locking bolt 292 to prevent the locking bolt 292 from being withdrawn 
out of the bracket 280. Accordingly, a portion of the bolt 292 is always 
disposed in the respective apertures 286 and 290. 
Since there is no longitudinal or axial force on the locking bolt 292 which 
acts against the force of the compression spring 298, the compression 
spring 298 does not need to be particularly strong. It is simply of 
sufficient compressive strength to provide a bias to hold the head 294 of 
the locking bolt 292 in the locking hole or aperture 172 of the end 
bracket 160, or in the locking hole or aperture of the bracket 260 (see 
FIG. 12), to prevent the bolt from being withdrawn from the locking 
apertures under what may be referred to as "normal" vibrations of the 
pickup truck while the truck is in motion. The spring 298 is not of such 
strength that a substantial amount of axial force must be applied to the 
bolt 292 through the pin 296 when it is desired to unlock the cross member 
200 for movement of the tonneau cover apparatus 50. In actual practice, 
only a few pounts of force is required to overcome the bias of the spring 
298. 
FIG. 17 comprises a perspective view of a tubular cross member 190 and a 
bracket 250. It will be noted that the cross member 190 is secured, as by 
welding, to the vertically downwardly extending plate 252 of the bracket 
250. The cross member 190 is made of square tubing, and the four separate 
panels or walls of the tubing are clearly shown. 
The square tubing 190 is secured to the plate 252 of the bracket 250, with 
the tubing approximately centrally located with respect to the width of 
the plate 252. It will be noted, as clearly shown also in FIGS. 4 and 11, 
that the height (vertically) of the plate 252 is about the same as the 
overall height of the cross member 190, but that the width of the plate 
250 is somewhat greater than the width of the cross member 190. 
Accordingly, the cross member 190 is preferably centrally disposed, 
width-wise, on the plate 252. 
The width of the top, horizontally extending plate 254 of the bracket 250 
is substantially the same as the width of the vertically extending plate 
252. In actuality, a single plate of metal (steel) may simply be bent to 
form the two plates of the bracket. The slot 256 and the hole 258 are 
centrally located, width-wise, with respect to the plate 254. They are 
accordingly also centrally located with respect to the cross member 190. 
This allows an axial alignment for both the screw 150 (see FIG. 4) and the 
rivet 70 (see FIG. 11) with respect to the cross member 190. 
FIG. 18 comprises an exploded perspective view of the end or master cross 
member 200, the locking bracket 280, and the master bracket 260. From FIG. 
18 it may be seen that the locking bracket 280 comprises an inverted, 
elongated U-shaped element which includes a center horizontally extending 
member 282 and a pair of downwardly depending arms or legs 284 and 288. A 
pair of apertures 286 and 290 extend through the arms or legs 284 and 288, 
respectively, and the apertures are aligned with each other. The apertures 
are preferably centrally located, with respect to the width of the bracket 
280. 
The bracket 260 includes a downwardly depending plate or arm 262 secured to 
a horizontally extending plate or arm 266. Like the bracket 250, the 
bracket 260 may simply comprise a single plate bent to form two 
perpendicular plates or arms 262 and 266. The plate 262 includes an 
aperture or hole 264 drilled through the plate and located offset from the 
center of the plate, width-wise. The hole 264 is drilled so as to be in 
alignment with the holes 286 and 290. The bracket 280 and the bracket 260 
are preferably secured together, as by welding, with the holes 264 and 290 
aligned with and adjacent each other, as best shown in FIG. 5. The 
combined brackets 260 and 280 are then secured to the cross member 200, 
also as by welding, by the insertion of the bracket 280 into the 
rectangular tubing 200. The width of the plate 262 may be slightly greater 
than the width of the plates 284, 282, and 288 of the bracket 280, to 
allow the plate 282 to substantially cover the open end of the cross 
member 200. Thus, when the brackets are secured to the cross member 200, 
the outer periphery of the cross member 200 may be appropriately welded to 
the plate 262 at the outer edges of the plate 262. 
The locking bolt 292 is assembled into the bracket 280 before the brackets 
260 and 280 are assembled to the cross member 200. The compression spring 
298 (see FIG. 5) is assembled to the bracket 280. The locking bolt 292 is 
axially longer than the bracket 280, so that it extends through the 
apertures 286 and 290 at all times, as discussed above. After the brackets 
260 and 280 have been secured to the cross member 200, the pin 296 is 
inserted through the slot 210 and secured to the bolt 292. As discussed 
above, the pin 296 includes threads which extend radially into a tapped 
aperture in the locking bolt 292. 
It will be noted, from reference to both FIGS. 10 and 18, that the width of 
the bracket 280 is only about two-thirds of the width of the rectangular 
tubing of the cross member 200. The apertures 286 and 290 are centrally 
located with respect to the end plates 284 and 288, and accordingly the 
aperture 264 in the plate 262 of the bracket 260 is offset slightly from 
the center of the bracket 260. This is shown clearly in the exploded view 
comprising FIG. 18. 
As shown in FIG. 10, the bracket 280 is not centrally located within the 
cross member 200. Rather, the bracket 280 is assembled toward the side 
wall or panel 204, and thus slightly remote or spaced apart from the side 
panel or wall 206 of the cross member 200. The off-center location of the 
bracket 280 allows sufficient room adjacent the panel 206 of the cross 
member 200 for the heads of the rivets, such as the rivet 72, without 
interfering with the bracket 280. 
Since the downwardly depending plate 262 of the bracket 260 extends across 
the entire end of the cross member 200, the location of the bracket 280, 
with respect to the cross member 200, is substantially the same as with 
respect to the bracket 260. Accordingly, the bracket 280 is secured to the 
bracket 260 in an offset manner, not symmetrical as with respect to the 
cross member 190 and its bracket 250. As indicated above, the apertures 
290 and 264 are aligned when the bracket 280 is secured to the bracket 
260, and the aperture 264 is accordingly off-centered with respect to the 
plate 262 of the bracket 260. The latter point may also be understood by 
referring to FIG. 10, as well as to FIG. 18. 
FIG. 9 comprises a view in partial section through front wall 22 of the 
pickup 4, adjacent the cab 4 (see FIG. 1), illustrating the securing of 
the tonneau cover 52 to the front end wall 22. The front wall 22 includes 
a top portion 23, to which is secured an awning railing 110, as by screws 
100. The awning railing 100 includes a flange 112, through which the screw 
100 extends, and an eye portion 114, which is generally circular in 
configuration. The eye 114 is opened by a longitudinally extending slot 
116. The eye 114 is generally circular, and it receives an end loop 62 of 
the outer layer 54 of vinyl of the cover 52. Within the loop 62 is a 
length of the rope 74. The combined width of the rope 74 and the loop 62 
is substantially greater than the width of the slot 116, and accordingly 
the cover 52 will not pull out of the awning railing 110. The interior 
diameter of the eye 114 is substantially the same as the combined diameter 
of the concentric rope 74 and the loop 62, and accordingly the cover 52 is 
retained against the front end wall 22 rather securely. 
A portion of the outer vinyl layer 54 is disposed on the bottom side of the 
foam layer 58. This provides the same type of sandwich construction for 
the cover 52 as generally illustrated in FIG. 16, and as will be discussed 
below. A plurality of stitches 64 secures the doubled layer of vinyl 54 
against the foam layer 58, with a single layer of the vinyl 54 being 
disposed on the top, and a single layer of the vinly 54 being disposed on 
the bottom, of the foam 58. The loop 62, with the rope 74, is adjacent the 
end of the foam 58 and adjacent the stitching or stitches 64. 
As will be understood, the loop 62, with the rope therein, must be inserted 
lengthwise into the eye 114 and through the slot 116 of the awning railing 
110. The tonneau cover 52 is accordingly secured to the front end wall 22 
of the pickup truck 4, securely by means of the awning railing 110. As 
will be understood from reference to FIGS. 1, 9, and 16, the rope 74 
extends along three sides of the tonneau cover 52, including the front 
side and the adjacent longitudinal or lengthwise sides, as shownin FIG. 5. 
However, as will be noted by reference to FIG. 10, the rope terminates at 
the outer or distal ends of the sides adjacent the tailgate, and does not 
extend laterally across the end of the pickup, parallel to and adjacent 
the tailgate. 
FIG. 10 comprises a view in partial section through the end cross member 
200, showing the tonneau cover 52 secured thereto. The cross member 200 
and tonneau cover 52 are shown disposed adjacent an inner end wall 28 of 
the tailgate 24. Discussion concerning the bracket 280, secured to the end 
plate 262 of the bracket 260, which is in turn secured to the end of the 
tubular cross member 200, has been discussed in detail above, in 
conjunction with FIGS. 5 and 18. For purposes of the present discussion, 
the relationships between the cover 52, the cross member 200, and the 
tailgate 24 are significant. 
A bumper of molding strip 300 is shown secured to the wall or panel 206 of 
the cross member 200. A portion of the outer layer 54 of the cover 52 is 
shown disposed between the bumper or molding 300 and the cross member 200. 
The portion of the layer 54 between the cross member 200 and the molding 
300 is designated by reference numeral 66 in FIG. 10, and will be referred 
to hereafter as end 66. It will be noted that the end 66 is not a loop as 
is the situation when the rope 74 is within a loop. (See FIGS. 5 and 9.) 
The bumper or molding strip (bumper molding) 300 includes a frame or 
bracket 322 to which is secured a strip of flexible molding 324. The 
flexible strip 324, when not disposed against the inner panel 28 of the 
tailgate 30, is preferably of a generally vee shape configuration, with 
the point of the vee extending outwardly, away from the bracket 322. In 
other words, the bracket 322 comprises the base of an isosceles triangle, 
with the molding 324 comprising the two legs or arms of the triangle. The 
molding comprises a cushion, for vibration, etc., between the cross member 
200 and the tailgate 24. 
The bumper molding 300 is secured to the cross member 200 by a plurality of 
rivets 72. The same rivets 72 used to secure the bumper molding 300 to the 
cross member 200 are also used to secure the cover 52 to the cross member 
200. The rivet 72 is shown in FIG. 10 as extending through the frame or 
bracket 322, through the end 66 of the outer layer 54 of the cover 52, and 
through the panel 206 of the cross member 200. 
It will be noted that the foam layer 58 extends substantially to the end of 
the cross member 200, and accordingly terminates adjacent the bumper 
molding 300. The outer layer 54 of the cover 52, disposed on the top side 
of the foam layer 58, and adjacent the end 66, may include, in addition to 
adhesive, a plurality of stitches 68 to help secure the foam and the outer 
layer together. The stitches 68 are adjacent the end of the foam 58. 
Returning once again to FIGS. 11 and 12, the cover 52 is shown in its 
folded, forward position, disposed adjacent the cab 4 of the truck 2. It 
will be noted that the cover 52 is folded with a plurality of folds 53 
extending vertically with respect to the cross members 190 and the cross 
member 200. When the head 294 of the locking pin 292 is retracted or 
withdrawn from the locking hole 172 of the outer end bracket 160 (see FIG. 
5), the cross member 200, which is secured to the cover 52, as shown in 
FIG. 10, may be moved or pushed forwardly, towards the cab 4 of the pickup 
2. The forward movement of the cross member 200 results in a corresponding 
forward movement of the cross members 190, which are also secured to the 
cover 52 at the brackets 250, to move the entire tonneau cover 52 
forwardly. 
As the cross members are moved forwardly, the cover 52 folds on itself into 
a plurality of vertical folds 53, with one fold between each cross member, 
as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. As the cross members move close together, the 
vertical height of the folds 53 increases to a maximum height, in which 
the cross members 190 and the cross member 200 are disposed as close to 
each other as is practical, with the respective brackets, including the 
slave brackets 250 secured to the cross members 190, and the master 
bracket 260 secured to the cross member 200, disposed in relatively close 
relationship with respect to each other. 
As has been discussed above, and as is shown in FIG. 17, the slave brackets 
250 are wider than the cross members 190 to which they are secured, and 
accordingly there is a minimum space or distance between the cross members 
190, limited or determined by the width of the slave brackets 250, and 
also limited, to a certain extent, by the flexibility of the cover 52. If 
the cover 52 is relatively thin, and accordingly relatively pliable, then 
the end plates 252 of the brackets 250 may be disposed virtually against 
each other. However, if the tonneau cover 52 is less flexible, the loops 
53 may not be quite as shown in FIG. 11, but rather there may be a spacing 
between the brackets 250 to which the cover 52 is secured. 
Preferably, the cover 52 is of sufficient rigidity to provide some 
resistance to the movement of the cross members 190. This resistance 
causes the folds 53 to extend vertically upwardly, as shown. If the cover 
52 is relatively flexible, the folds may tend to extend both vertically 
upwardly and downwardly. The vertically upwardly folding in such case 
usually takes place at the sides of the cover apparatus, adjacent the 
brackets, and the downward folding generally takes place toward the center 
portion of the cover. The vertically downward folding results in 
frictional drag between the cross members and their bearing guides in 
thetracks, and results in resistance to the movement of the cross members 
and the tonneau cover. The vertically upward folding of the cover 
apparatus, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, substantially decreases the 
frictional resistance of the cross members, as compared with the downward 
folding, and the bearing guides 120 as disposed on the track 80. Thus, the 
vertically upwardly extending folds 53 allow the cover 52 to be folded 
with a relatively small amount of opposing frictional drag or resistance 
between the track 80 and the bearing guides, brackets, and cross members. 
With the cover 52 folded as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the head 294 of the 
locking bolt 292 extends into a locking hole in the side wall 184 of the 
inner or forward end bracket 180, as best shown in FIG. 12. The inner or 
forward end bracket comprises a lock bracket for locking the outer cross 
member 200, and the cover 52, adjacent the cab 4, and remote from the 
tailgate 24. The cover 52, and its cross members, are accordingly locked 
in place in the forward position. As discussed above, the locking bolt 292 
is provided a bias by compression spring 298 to keep the locking bolt 292 
in the locking holes on the outer or rear locking end brackets and the 
inner or forward end locking brackets secured to the rails 80. Movement of 
the locking bolt 292 against the bias of the spring 298 allows the head(s) 
294 of the locking bolt(s) 292 to be removed from a(the) locking hole(s). 
With the head(s) 294 out of the locking hole(s), the cross member 200, and 
the cross members 190, which are all secured together and to the cross 
member 200 by virtue of the cover 52, are allowed to move. 
The slot 256 of the bracket 250, secured to the cross member 190, and also 
the slot 268 of the bracket 260, secured to the cross member 200, allows 
both vertical and lateral movement of the cross members relative to the 
bearing guides 120 which are disposed in the track 80, as discussed above. 
The movement of the cross members with respect to their bearing guides may 
be either vertical or lateral, or a combination of both, as discussed 
above. This allows compensation for movement, height, or the like. 
Moreover, the relationship between the cross members and the bearing 
guides provided by the slots, allows longitudinal movement of the bearing 
guides in the track(s), without regard to the actual position or location 
at which force is applied to the cross members, since the force imparted 
from the cross members against the bearing guides will be in an axial or 
longitudinal direction from the sides of the slots 256 or 268 to the screw 
or rivet extending through the slots and secured to the bearing guides 
which are in turn disposed in the track 80. Thus, the ultimate movement of 
the bearing guides is longitudinal or axial in the track, with a minimum 
of side force or lateral forces applied to the bearing guides from the 
cross members. Binding of the cross members and their bearing guides is 
accordingly minimized by the apparatus of the present invention. 
FIG. 16 comprises a view in partial section of the tonneau cover 52, and it 
is representative, generally, of the construction of the tonneau cover 52. 
With respect to the location of the rope 74, it is also representative of 
the sides of the tonneau cover 52, adjacent the brackets 250 and 260, 
where the tonneau cover 52 is secured to the horizontally extending plates 
254 and 266 of the brackets 250 and 260, respectively, (see FIGS. 4, 5, 17 
and 18), and along the sides 6 and 14 of the truck 2 (see FIG. 1). 
The tonneau cover 52 includes a top or outer layer 54, which is preferably 
vinyl, and which is a relatively thin layer, secured to a foam layer 58. 
The bonding between the top or vinyl 54 and the foam layer 58 may be by a 
combination of adhesive (not shown) and stitching, which is well known and 
understood. 
Disposed beneath the outer edge of the foam layer 58, and also perhaps 
bonded by adhesive thereto, is the rope 74. The rope 74 extends 
longitudinally (lengthwise) with respect to the cover 52, and it may be 
bonded to the foam layer 58 with adhesive, if desired. A loop 56 of the 
top or vinyl layer 54 is disposed about the outer end of the foam layer 
58, downwardly, and around the rope 74. The layer 54 is then disposed 
against the bottom or underneath side of the foam 58, extending inwardly a 
short distance, away from the rope 74. Stitching 66 extends through both 
layers of the vinyl top 54 and the foam to secure the layer 54 to the foam 
58. In addition to the stitching 66, the bottom layer 54 may also be 
bonded to the underneath side of the foam 58. In such case, the stitching 
66 serves as a precautionary measure to doubly insure that the rope 74 and 
the loop 56 remain in place. 
Referring again briefly to FIGS. 4 and 5, the outer ends of the brackets 
250 and 260 extend about even with the outer end of the horizontal flange 
94 of the track 80. As best shown in FIG. 5, the cover 52 is secured to 
the brackets 260 (and 250), with the outer side of the cover 52, which 
includes a loop 56 and a rope 74, disposed outwardly of the outer ends of 
the brackets, and outwardly of the outer end of the horizontal flange 94. 
Thus, the loop 56, with the rope 74 disposed therein, serves to help 
provide a smoothly, unbroken side for the tonneau cover apparatus 50 such 
that when the cover 52 is in the closed position, as shown in FIG. 1, the 
track and bracket hardward are not seen. Moreover, the loop 56 also serves 
to help seal the tonneau cover apparatus 50 with respect to the top walls 
of the sides of the pickup, such as the right side wall 20 shown in FIGS. 
4 and 5.