Substrate carrier jig and method of producing liquid crystal display element by using the substrate carrier jig

A substrate carrier jig is a jig which supports a substrate of a liquid crystal display element on its surface and carries the substrate with the jig to a process, and a sticky layer whose adhesion for holding the substrate to be stuck to the surface is maintained constantly even after repeated use is provided on a carrier. The substrate composed of a thin sheet glass, plastic, etc. is stuck to the jig, and the substrate with the jig is carried to a process for producing a liquid crystal display element. As a result, it is possible to produce a liquid crystal display element by commonly using a producing line for a conventional liquid crystal display element for glass even if substrate materials such as thin sheet glass, plastic, etc. which independently has no strength and stiffness are used. Furthermore, since the jig can be repeatedly used, cost of producing a liquid crystal display element can be greatly reduced as compared to a disposable jig.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a substrate carrier jig which is used for 
producing a liquid crystal display element in which a thin sheet glass 
substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. are used, and to a process for 
producing the liquid crystal display element by using the jig. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A glass substrate for a liquid crystal display element has been examined 
for making the substrate thin in order to eliminate double image of 
display and to accomplish a light weight. However, in the case where a 
glass substrate is individually carried to a producing process, thinning 
of the substrate is limited to 0.7 mm in a mass production level because 
of problems, such as fragility, liability to breakage, so it is hard to 
produce liquid crystal display elements in which large glass (300 
mm.times.300 mm and above) whose thickness is 0.5 mm or 0.3 mm. 
Meanwhile, a liquid crystal display element in which a plastic substrate is 
used has been developed instead of a glass substrate. As to such a 
producing method, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 
3-5718/1991 (Tokukaihei 3-5718) discloses a method of independently 
carrying a sheet-like plastic substrate or a method of successively 
carrying a roll-like plastic substrate. 
However, in both cases where the substrate is individually carried and the 
roll-like substrate is successively carried, it is more difficult to 
produce a liquid crystal display element in which a plastic substrate is 
used compared to a liquid crystal display element in which a glass 
substrate is used because of small stiffness, namely, no body, a low heat 
deformation temperature, liability to damage due to low surface hardness, 
liability to occurrence of deformation such as warpage, expansion and 
shrinkage during heat treatment. 
Therefore, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 
60-41018/1985 (Tokukaisho 60-41018) discloses a method of producing a 
liquid crystal display element by carrying a plastic substrate to 
processes with it fixed to a frame, and Japanese Unexamined Patent 
Publication No. 58-147713/1983 (Tokukaisho 58-147713) discloses a method 
of producing a liquid crystal display element by contact-bonding a 
circumferential edge section of a plastic substrate to a carrier so as to 
cut the contact-bonded section. 
In addition, the above-mentioned Japanese Unexamined Publication No. 
3-5718/1991 (Tokukaihei 3-5718) also discloses a method of producing a 
liquid crystal display element by laminating polymeric resin which becomes 
a plastic substrate on a mold-releasing film. The mold-releasing film is 
formed by applying silicone-type resin as a mold-releasing agent to a film 
which is a carrier. 
Here, the silicone-type resin, for example, silicone is used for various 
applications as a general mold-releasing agent, and it is sorted into 
oil-type, paste-type, solution-type, baking-type, emulsion-type, 
water-soluble-type, spray-type, etc. For example, in order to improve 
releasability from a sealing sticky surface, the silicone as a 
mold-releasing layer is used for a surface of sealing release paper, and 
is used as a mold-releasing agent for easily releasing moldings from a 
metal mold at the time of forming resin, for example. Silicone which is 
used as a mold-releasing agent has no adhesion itself, or if the silicone 
has adhesion, it is used after its adhesion is reduced. 
However, in the producing method with the plastic substrate fixed to the 
frame, the plastic substrate is deformed in the frame, so it is difficult 
to maintain evenness of the surface. In this case, various printing 
equipments, light exposure equipments, etc. during a process for producing 
a liquid crystal display element require, a special stage-type design, for 
example, so as to support evenness in the frame. This increases cost of 
equipments and this has problems, such as incompatibility with a glass 
substrate. 
On the contrary, in the method of producing a liquid crystal display 
element by laminating polymeric resin which becomes a plastic substrate on 
a mold-releasing film, there exist the following problems. 
(1) Cost is high because a carrier such as a mold-releasing film is used 
only once. 
(2) Stiffness of a carrier such as a mold-releasing film is low and 
carrying to processes is not smoothly carried out. 
(3) Producing processes, equipments and conditions which can be used are 
greatly limited. 
Particularly in a plastic substrate with flexibility, deformation is liable 
to occur along a hole and a channel of an absorption stage depending upon 
its material and thickness. For this reason, failure of printing and 
failure of an orientation process as well as catching by a print of an 
offset printer occur, and besides, at the time of temporary drying 
immediately after printing, a substrate is bent by heat on a hot plate, 
for example, namely, the substrate shows dance-like movement, so stable 
drying cannot be carried out. 
(4) Stable carrying cannot be performed from a point of adhesion because of 
low adhesion of a mold-releasing film to polymeric resin, and especially, 
in the case of heating treatment, (a) bubbles on the interface between the 
mold-releasing film and the polymeric resin, or (2) partial peeling 
occurs, so the subsequent processes cannot be carried out. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention has been accomplished in view of the above-mentioned 
conventional problems and it is an object of the present invention to 
provide a substrate carrier jig and a process for producing a liquid 
crystal display element by using the jig, which can ensure reduction in 
cost of producing the liquid crystal display element, smooth 
process-carrying and stable production, and improvement in performance of 
the liquid crystal display element. 
In order to accomplish the above problems, the substrate carrier jig of the 
present invention (hereinafter, referred to as the jig) is a jig which is 
carried to processes with a substrate of the liquid crystal display 
element supported on the surface of the jig, and a sticky layer whose 
adhesion for holding the substrate to be stuck to the surface is 
maintained substantially constant even after repeated use is provided on a 
carrier. 
The jig is provided with a sticky layer on a carrier. Adhesion of the 
sticky layer is maintained substantially constant even after repeated use. 
The carrier is composed of a material with stiffness which is required for 
handling at the time of carrying out a process for producing a liquid 
crystal display element, such as a glass plate, a plastic plate, with a 
prescribed thickness. 
For this reason, even if a substrate material which independently has no 
strength and no stiffness is used, it is possible to produce a liquid 
crystal display element commonly using a conventional production line of 
liquid crystal display elements for glass by proceeding the process for 
producing the liquid crystal display element with a thin sheet-like glass 
substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. stuck to the jig. Furthermore, since 
the jig can be repeatedly used, it is possible to greatly reduce cost of 
producing a liquid crystal display element compared to a disposable jig. 
Here, as to the sticky layer, it is necessary that when the sticky layer 
stuck to a substrate is carried to processes, sufficient adhesion to the 
substrate is retained and also the substrate can be peeled immediately 
after completion of the processes. Examples of materials composing such a 
sticky layer which is capable of temporary adhesion and later of peeling 
are silicone gel, silicone rubber, phloro-silicone rubber, butyl rubber, 
urethane rubber, natural rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene 
rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, nitrile isoprene rubber, 
acrylic rubber, fluororubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated 
polyethylene, epichlorohydrine rubber, etc. Among these materials, the 
butyl rubber, the silicone rubber are suitable from a standpoint of 
adhesion, heat resistance, oil and chemical resistance, surface evenness, 
light-resistance, ozone resistance, etc. 
The adhesion is determined comprehensively by an empirical method based 
upon a material, thickness and surface configuration of a thin sheet glass 
substrate and a plastic substrate, carrying process conditions, jig 
peeling workability and other factors. The adhesion can be adjusted 
(increased or decreased) (1) by increasing or decreasing an adhesion area 
with the substrate (whole area adhesion to partial area adhesion), (2) by 
changing hardness of adhesive mass (soft to hard), etc. The adhesion area 
with the substrate can be increased or decreased by changing a surface 
configuration of a sticky layer (plain to uneven) and by changing a 
forming area of the sticky layer, and the hardness of the adhesive mass 
can be changed by adjusting a polymerization degree, a crosslinking 
degree, a mixing ratio, an additive, a cure agent, etc. of the sticky 
layer. 
In the case where a setting range of the adhesion is represented by peeling 
adhesion per width of 20 mm, it is suitable that the setting range is from 
50 g to 800 g. In the case where the peeling adhesion is less than 30 g, 
workability at the time of peeling a thin sheet glass substrate and a 
plastic substrate from a sticky layer of a jig becomes excellent, but 
since bubbles or cleaning fluid enter an adhesive surface, or peeling of 
the substrate from the jig occurs in some process conditions at the time 
of carrying the jig to which the thin sheet glass substrate and the 
plastic substrate are adhered (heating temperature and cleaning 
condition), stable process carrying cannot be performed. On the contrary, 
when the peeling adhesion is too great, stable carrying in a condition 
that the substrate is stuck to the jig can be obtained, but workability of 
the jig peeling after the completion of the process is bad, so defects 
such as a crack, a deformation occur on the thin sheet glass substrate or 
the plastic substrate due to stress at the time of peeling in some cases. 
Therefore, it is desirable that the peeling adhesion is not more than 800 
g. 
In the above arrangement, it is preferable that an intermediate layer is 
provided between the carrier and the sticky layer. In this case, even if a 
material in which a great difference in heat expansion coefficients 
between the carrier and the sticky layer exists is selected, stress and 
distortion due to a difference in heat expansion coefficient caused by a 
change in temperature are relaxed by setting the heat expansion 
coefficient of the intermediate layer between the heat expansion 
coefficients of the sticky layer and the carrier. Furthermore, the sticky 
layer can be formed thinner by producing the jig in the manner that the 
sticky layer is preliminarily formed on the intermediate layer, and the 
intermediate layer with the sticky layer is adhered to the carrier. In 
addition, workability at the time of forming the thin sticky layer on the 
carrier is improved by uniting the intermediate layer and the sticky 
layer. This can reduce cost of producing a liquid crystal display element. 
Moreover, as to the jig, it is preferable that a light transmitting section 
for improving transmittance of a visible light is provided in a place 
corresponding to an alignment mark of an electrode pattern formed on the 
substrate. In this case, positioning can be made using the alignment mark 
of each process for producing a liquid crystal display element with the 
substrate stuck to the jig. As a result, high accurate positioning can be 
made using a method for automatic image recognition, so a liquid crystal 
display element whose display quality is excellent can be produced. 
In the method of producing a liquid crystal display element according to 
the present invention, the substrate is stuck to the jig with the above 
arrangement, the substrate stuck to the jig successively undergoes 
processes for forming a liquid crystal display element while the jig is 
being carried out through the processes for producing a liquid crystal 
display element. After completion of the prescribed processes, the 
substrate is peeled from the substrate carrier jig, and the substrate 
carrier jig is reused for sticking a new substrate so that a liquid 
crystal display element is produced. 
In the above producing method, it is preferable that printing processes of 
an insulating film and an alignment film, etc. are carried out with the 
substrate stick to the jig. In these printing processes, more uniform 
printing is required. Therefore, a substrate is stuck to a jig having 
stiffness of a certain degree, thereby controlling deformation along an 
absorption hole and a groove of a printing stage which is liable to occur 
particularly in the case of a plastic substrate. As a result, excellent 
printing is secured. Moreover, during printing, a plastic substrate is 
prevented from being caught by a print roller by setting adhesion of a 
sticky layer on a jig to not less than certain degree. 
In the above producing method, it is more preferable that a calcination 
process at the time of forming an insulating film and an alignment film is 
carried out with a substrate stuck to the jig. In a process for forming an 
insulating film and an alignment film, temporary drying is carried out 
immediately after the printing, and then main calcination is carried out. 
Here, since the substrate is stuck to the jig having stiffness of a 
certain degree, dance-like movement of the plastic substrates due to heat 
on a hot plate is prevented, and also in the case where main calcination 
is carried out at a temperature of approximately 100.degree. C., for 
example, occurrence of failure such as deformation of a substrate is 
prevented. As a result, satisfactory heating treatment is carried out. 
In the above producing method, during the process for producing a liquid 
crystal display element, it is preferable that heat treatment is given to 
the substrate stuck to the jig while being pressurized. For example, in 
the case where main calcination is given to the insulating film and the 
alignment film at a higher temperature, a difference in heat expansion and 
shrinkage coefficients between the substrate composed of thin glass, 
plastic, etc. and the jig (sticky layer, carrier), stress and distortion 
due to partial irregularity of a temperature occur because of rise in 
temperature to the calcination temperature and thereafter, drop in 
temperature to the normal temperature. This may cause bubbles between the 
substrate and jig, in some cases, peeling of the substrate from the jig, 
but the occurrence of bubbles is restricted by applying heat and pressure 
simultaneously, so the peeling of the substrate from the jig is prevented. 
As a result, for example, it is possible to raise treatment temperature 
and to obtain an alignment film, etc. whose orientation property is 
excellent, so performance and reliability of a liquid crystal display 
element can be improved. 
For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention, 
reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description taken in 
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES 
EXAMPLE 1! 
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, the following description will discuss one 
example of the present invention. 
As shown in FIG. 1, a substrate carrier jig 1 of the present invention 
(hereinafter, referred to as jig) is arranged so as to have a sticky layer 
3 installed on a surface of a flat carrier 2. 
The carrier 2 is composed of an epoxy-type resin plate whose thickness is 2 
mm. As mentioned later, the sticky layer 3 has a property that adhesion 
for retaining a substrate to be stuck on the surface of the sticky layer 3 
is substantially maintained constant regardless of repeated use of the 
sticky layer 3. The sticky layer 3 having self-adhesion which can be 
repeatedly used is composed of sheet-like silicone rubber whose surface is 
plain (thickness: 0.2 mm, hardness: 40.degree.). 
In order to permanently adhere the sticky layer 3 to the surface of the 
carrier 2, a adhesive material 4 (adhesive layer) composed of 
silicone-type resin was applied to the surface of the carrier 2 and the 
sticky layer 3 was adhered to the carrier 2 by means of the adhesive 
material 4 so that the jig 1 was made. 
After a check was made on the jig 1 which was produced in the above manner 
that bubbles did not enter between the carrier 2 and the sticky layer 3, 
peeling adhesion was measured in a following manner. First, as mentioned 
later, a test material was produced by cutting an acrylic-type resin plate 
(thickness: 0.4 mm) which was used as a substrate for a liquid crystal 
display element in a width of 20 mm to have a strip-like configuration, 
and the test material was pressurized against the surface of the sticky 
layer 3 by a roller so that the test material is stuck to the sticky layer 
3. Thereafter, peel force at the time of peeling the test material from 
one of its end was measured as peeling adhesion. The peel force was 
repeatedly measured respectively at a normal temperature and after heating 
treatment at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours in a sticking state (hereinafter, 
the measurement which was made by using the test material was referred to 
as a peel test). 
As a result of the peel test, as to the jig 1 of the present example, the 
peel force was approximately 300 g at a normal temperature, and after the 
heating treatment, 300 g to 400 g. In both cases, the test material was 
easily peeled from the sticky layer 3 and the peeling adhesion did not 
increase or decrease due to repeated use, which provided excellent peeling 
adhesion properties. 
Next, the following description will discuss using conditions of the jig 1 
in a production line of a liquid crystal display element. 
First, as shown in FIG. 2, a substrate 5 composed of acrylic-type resin 
which has a dimension of 300.times.324.times.0.4 mm was placed on the 
surface of the sticky layer 3 of the jig 1 and the surface was pressurized 
by a roller so that the substrate 5 was stuck to the sticky layer 3. 
Successively, the jig 1 to which the substrate 5 was stuck was cleaned and 
was put into a magnetron sputtering device, not shown. Thereafter, an ITO 
transparent conducting film of 70 nm (700 .ANG.) was formed on the 
substrate 5 at 80.degree. C., and fine processes for patterning the 
transparent conducting film to a prescribed electrode pattern (resist 
application, light exposure, developing, etching, resist cleaning removal) 
were carried out. 
Next, immediately after an alignment film in which uniform coating is 
required was printed by using an offset printer, temporary drying was 
carried out by using a hot plate at 100.degree. C. for 3 minutes, and a 
main calcination treatment (100.degree. C.-3 hours), a rubbing treatment 
and a cleaning treatment are given successively to the alignment film. 
In addition, after a sealing medium was printed on one of a pair of 
substrates 5.5 which had been produced through the above processes and 
cell gap controlling bead was spread on the other substrate, the 
substrates 5.5 were stuck and the sealing medium was cured as shown in 
FIG. 3. Here, in FIG. 3, 6 shows a transparent conducting film electrode 
which was formed on the surface of the substrates 5.5, 7 shows an 
alignment film and 8 shows a sealing medium. Furthermore, a maximum 
treatment temperature condition through the above processes is 100.degree. 
C. of a calcination temperature in the process for forming the alignment 
film. 
As a result of proceeding the above processes with the substrate 5 stuck on 
the jig 1 and of observing the laminated substrates 5.5 with the produced 
jigs 1.1, an agent and water did not enter an interface between the 
substrate 5 and the sticky layer 3 of the jig 1, and bubbles did not occur 
remarkably. 
Thereafter, the jigs 1.1 were peeled from the laminated substrates 5.5. In 
this case, with converted into a value per a width of 20 mm, the peeling 
adhesion was from 300 g to 400 g, which provided excellent releasability. 
The substrates 5.5 which were peeled from the jigs 1.1 were then cut to 
have a prescribed configuration, and successively, injection of liquid 
crystal and lamination of a deflecting plate were carried out so that a 
liquid crystal element was produced. 
Whole stiffness increased because the substrates 5.5 from which the jigs 
1.1 had been peeled were laminated each other. As a result, it was 
possible that each substrate 5 was carried to each process with the 
substrate 5 peeled from the jig 1 and a liquid crystal element was made. 
Meanwhile, after the jig 1 peeled from the substrate 5 went to the cleaning 
process of the sticky layer 3 and again was returned to the lamination 
process of a new substrate 5, the jig 1 was used for carrying the stuck 
substrate 5 to each producing process. Performance of the jig 1 which is 
repeatedly reused was not remarkably deteriorated even after the above 
cycle was repeated three times and above. 
EXAMPLE 2! 
Next, the following description will discuss another example of the present 
invention. Here, for convenience of explanation, those members of the 
present example that have the same arrangement and function, and that are 
mentioned in the above example are indicated by the same reference 
numerals and the description thereof is omitted. This is also applied to 
another examples mentioned later. 
A jig 1 of the present example is composed of soda glass whose carrier 2 
has a thickness of 1.6 mm, and a sticky layer 3 is composed of butyl 
rubber (thickness: 0.5 mm, hardness: 40.degree.) whose surface is plain. 
Furthermore, double-coated tape whose one side is acrylic-type and the 
other side is silicone-type is used as an adhesive material 4, and the 
sticky layer 3 is adhered to the surface of the carrier 2 by using the 
adhesive material 4. 
In this case, similarly to example 1, bubbles did not enter between the 
sticky layer 3 and the carrier 2, and the results of the peeling test 
which is same as in example 1 were approximately 400 g at a normal 
temperature, and 400 g to 600 g after heating at 100.degree. C. for 3 
hours. This showed excellent peeling adhesion property. 
A PES (Polyether sulphone) film which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.1 mm as the substrate 5 was stuck on the jig 1 by a 
roller and was subject to the various processes same as in example 1. The 
substrate 5 was carried up to the rubbing process with the jig 1 was stuck 
to the substrate 5. As a result of observation after the rubbing process, 
an agent and water did not enter the interface between the substrate 5 and 
the sticky layer 3, and bubbles did not occur remarkably. 
When the jig 1 was peeled from the substrate 5, with the peeling adhesion 
converted into a value per width of 20 mm, the peeling adhesion was 300 g 
to 500 g. Therefore, the releasability was excellent. The plastic 
substrate 5 after peeling was subject to the successive processes 
independently with it peeled from the jig 1 so that the liquid crystal 
element was produced. Meanwhile, after the jig 1 was subject to the 
cleaning process for the sticky layer 3, it was repeatedly reused, but in 
this case, its performance was not remarkably deteriorated even after 
undergoing 3 cycles of the processes. 
EXAMPLE 3! 
Similarly to example 2, soda glass whose thickness is 1.6 mm is used as a 
carrier 2, and a jig 1 is arranged so as to have the sticky layer 3 
composed of a silicone rubber polymer on the carrier 2. 
Prior to producing the jig 1, first, epoxy-type resin as an adhesive 
material 4 was applied to the carrier 2, and a 0.2 mm film of a silicone 
rubber monomer is applied thereto. Thereafter, the carrier 2 was gradually 
heated in order to slowly deaerate the silicone rubber monomer, and 
finally, polymerization of the sticky layer 3 composed of the silicone 
rubber at 100.degree. C. for 4 hours and curing of the adhesive material 4 
were performed so that the jig 1 was produced. As to the jig 1 made in 
such a manner, bubbles did not enter between the sticky layer 3 and the 
carrier 2, and as a result of the above-mentioned peeling test, the 
peeling adhesion was approximately 350 g at a normal temperature and was 
300 g to 500 g after the heating at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours, which 
provided an excellent peeling adhesion property. 
An acrylic-type resin plate which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.4 mm as the substrate 5 was stuck to the jig 1 by a 
roller and was subject to the various processes same as in example 2. The 
substrate 5 was carried up to the rubbing process with the jig 1 stuck to 
the substrate 5. 
Here, during the above processes, the alignment film forming process was 
proceeded under the calcine condition of 120.degree. C. and 2 hours after 
the alignment film was printed. Therefore, a maximum treatment temperature 
in this producing process is 120.degree. C. 
As a result of observing the substrate 5 stuck on the jig 1 after the 
completion of the alignment film forming process, an agent and water did 
not enter the interface between the substrate 5 and the sticky layer 3 and 
also bubbles did not remarkably occur. 
Thereafter, the substrate 5 was carried up to the rubbing process with the 
jig 1 stuck to the substrate 5, and after a check was made that there did 
not exist any abnormality, the jig 1 was peeled. Here, when the jig 1 was 
peeled from the substrate 5, with the peeling adhesion converted to a 
value per width of 20 mm, it is 300 g to 500 g, which provided excellent 
releasability. 
As mentioned above, the substrate 5 was independently carried to the 
subsequent processes so that the liquid crystal element was produced. The 
jig 1 was subject to the cleaning process for the sticky layer 3 and was 
reused. In this case, even after the jig 1 underwent three cycles of the 
processes, its performance was not deteriorated remarkably. 
EXAMPLES 4! 
Similarly to example 3, soda glass whose thickness is 1.6 mm is used as a 
carrier 2, a jig 1 of the present example is arranged so as to have a 
sticky layer 3 composed of a silicone rubber polymer on the carrier 2. In 
this case, the process for applying a 0.2 mm film of epoxy-type resin as 
the adhesive material 4 and of silicone rubber monomer as the sticky layer 
3 to the carrier 2, and the subsequent process for gradually heating the 
carrier 2 in order to slowly deaerate the silicone rubber monomer which 
were same as in example 3 were performed. However, the final heating 
conditions were 100.degree. C. and 4 hours in example 3 whereas in the 
present example, the heating conditions were set as at 170.degree. C. and 
for 2 hours so that the jig 1 was produced. 
Also in the present example, bubbles did not enter between the carrier 2 
and the sticky layer 3 of the jig 1, and as a result of the peeling test, 
the peeling adhesion was approximately 330 g at a normal temperature and 
was 300 g to 500 g after heating at 100.degree. C. and for 3 hours, which 
provided an excellent peeling adhesion property. 
An acrylic-type resin plate which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.4 mm as the substrate 5 was stuck to the jig 1 by a 
roller and underwent various processes under the same condition as in 
example 1. After the alignment film forming process (100.degree. C. and 2 
hours) was completed, the substrate 5 to which the obtained jig 1 was 
stuck was observed. As a result, an agent and water did not enter the 
interface between the substrate 5 and the sticky layer 3, and bubbles did 
not remarkably occur. Thereafter, as mentioned in the example 3, the 
substrate 5 with the jig 1 was carried up to the rubbing process, and 
after a check is made that there did not exist any abnormality, the jig 1 
was peeled. Here, when the jig 1 was peeled from the substrate 5, the 
peeling adhesion was 300 g to 500 g with it converted into a value per 
width of 20 mm. Therefore, the releasability was excellent. 
Comparative Example 1! 
A liquid crystal display element was produced by using the jig 1 of example 
4 in the same manner as in example 4 only except that the calcine 
condition at the alignment film forming process was changed. Therefore, 
the calcine condition at the alignment film forming method was set as at 
120.degree. C. and for 2 hours this time. After this process, as a result 
of observation of the substrate 5 with the obtained jig 1, an agent and 
water did not enter the interface between the substrate 5 and the sticky 
layer 3 of the jig 1, but since bubbles whose diameter is approximately 
2cm existed in several places, carrying to the processes was suspended at 
that time. 
EXAMPLE 5! 
As shown in FIG. 4, a jig 1 of the present example is arranged so as to 
further have an intermediate layer 11 between a carrier 2 composed of soda 
glass which has a thickness of 1.6 mm and a sticky layer 3 composed of 
silicone rubber whose surface is plain (thickness: 0.2 mm, hardness: 
40.degree.). 
The intermediate layer 11 is composed of a PET film (thickness: 50 .mu.m). 
A first adhesive material 4a composed of epoxy-type resin was applied to 
the carrier 2 so that the intermediate layer 11 was stuck to the surface 
of the carrier 2 by means of the first adhesive material 4a. Furthermore, 
a second adhesive material 4b composed of silicone-type resin was applied 
to the surface of the intermediate layer 11 so that the sticky layer 3 was 
stuck to the intermediate layer 11. Then, the jig 1 was produced. 
In the jig 1 made in such a manner, bubbles did not enter between the 
sticky layer 3 and the carrier 2, and as a result of the aforementioned 
peeling test, the peeling adhesion was approximately 300g at a normal 
temperature and was 300 g to 400 g after the heat treatment at 100.degree. 
C. for 3 hours, which provided excellent peeling adhesion properties. 
The substrate 5 composed of epoxy-type resin which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.4 mm was stuck to the jig 1 by a roller. Thereafter, 
while the substrate 5 was undergoing various processes same as in example 
1, the conditions of the alignment film forming process was set so that 
the calcine was performed at 130.degree. C. for 2 hours after the 
alignment film was printed. Here, a maximum treatment temperature through 
the process for producing a liquid crystal display element at that time 
was 130.degree. C. After the alignment film forming process, as a result 
of observation of the substrate 5 with the obtained jig 1, an agent and 
water did not enter the interface between the substrate 5 and the sticky 
layer 3, and bubbles did not remarkably occur. 
Thereafter, similarly to example 2, the substrate 5 with the jig 1 was 
carried up to the rubbing process, and after a check was made that there 
existed no abnormality, the jig 1 was peeled. Here, when the jig 1 was 
peeled from the substrate 5, the peeling adhesion was 350 g to 500 g with 
it converted into a value per width of 20 mm. Therefore, the releasability 
was excellent. The substrate 5 was independently carried to the subsequent 
processes so that a liquid crystal display element was produced. 
Meanwhile, the peeled jig 1 was subject to the cleaning process for the 
sticky layer 3 and was reused, but its performance was not remarkably 
deteriorated even after it was subject to three cycles of the processes. 
EXAMPLE 6! 
A jig 1 of the present invention is different from that of example 5 in 
that a second adhesive material 4b is composed of epoxy-type resin and 
that a sticky layer 3 is produced by polymerizing a silicone monomer. 
As to the process for producing the jig 1, first, the second adhesive 
material 4b composed of the epoxy-type resin was applied to an 
intermediate layer 11 composed of the PET film (thickness: 50 .mu.m) and a 
0.2 mm film of a silicone rubber monomer was applied thereto. Thereafter, 
in order to moderately deaerate the silicone rubber monomer, the 
intermediate layer 11 was gradually heated, and finally, polymerization of 
the silicone rubber as the sticky layer 3 and curing of the second 
adhesive material 4b was carried out at 100.degree. C. and for 4 hours. 
Meanwhile, a first adhesive material 4a composed of the epoxy-type resin 
was applied to a carrier 2 composed of the soda glass whose thickness was 
1.6 mm and the intermediate layer 11 with the sticky layer 3 which had 
been polymerized was adhered to the applied surface so that the jig 1 was 
produced. 
As to the obtained jig 1, bubbles did not enter between the sticky layer 3 
and the carrier 2 and as a result of the peeling test, the peeling 
adhesion was approximately 350 g at a normal temperature and was 300 g to 
500 g after the heat treatment at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours, which 
provided excellent peeling adhesion property. 
The substrate 5 composed of epoxy-type resin which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.4 mm was stuck to the jig 1 by a roller and a liquid 
crystal display element was produced in the same manner as in example 5. 
As a result of observation of the substrate 5 after the alignment film 
forming process (calcine at 130.degree. C. for 2 hours after the printing 
of the alignment film) during the above processes, as mentioned above, an 
agent and water did not enter the interface between the substrate 5 and 
the sticky layer 3 and bubbles did not remarkably occur. Furthermore, when 
the jig was peeled after the rubbing process, the peeling adhesion was 350 
g to 500 g with it converted into a value per width of 20 mm. Therefore, 
the releasability was excellent. Moreover, even after the peeled jig 1 was 
reused, its performance was not deteriorated. 
EXAMPLE 7! 
Similarly to the aforementioned example 1, a jig 1 of the present example 
is arranged so that a sticky layer 3 composed of sheet-like silicone 
rubber (thickness: 0.2 mm, hardness 40.degree.) is adhered to a carrier 2 
composed of the epoxy-type resin plate whose thickness is 2 mm by the 
adhesive material 4 made of silicone-type resin. However, the jig 1 of the 
present example is different from that of example 1 in that a sticky layer 
3 has transmittance of an UV ray whose wave length is 365 nm is 50%. The 
sticky layer 3 is composed of silicone rubber. When the silicone rubber is 
prepared, pigment such as ZnO to be added is removed so as to colour the 
sticky layer 3 white, and then the sticky layer 3 is produced. 
As to the above jig 1, bubbles did not enter between the sticky layer 3 and 
the carrier 2, and as a result of the peeling test, the peeling adhesion 
was approximately 300 g at a normal temperature and was 300 g to 400 g 
after the heat treatment at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours, which provided 
excellent peeling adhesion property. 
The substrate 5 composed of the acrylic-type resin which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.4 mm was stuck to the jig 1 by a roller. Then, after 
the substrate 5 was subject to each kind of the processes as mentioned in 
example 1, printing of a sealing medium, spreading of cell gap controlling 
bead, laminating of upper and lower substrates and curing of a sealing 
medium were carried out. In this case, an UV curing-type seal (made by 
Kyoritsu Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) as the sealing medium 8 was used 
and when the upper and lower substrates 5.5 were laminated, an UV ray (a 
high-pressure mercury vapor lamp, 356 nm, 2 J) was emitted from the both 
sides of the jigs 1.1. The substrate 5 was carried up to this process with 
it adhered to the jig 1. 
Thereafter, after laminated substrates 5.5 with the jig 1 was observed so 
as to check that there existed no abnormality, the jig 1 was peeled. The 
peeling adhesion at this time was 300 g to 500 g with it converted into a 
value per width of 20 mm, so the releasability was excellent. Hereafter, a 
liquid crystal display element was produced by using the substrates 5.5 in 
the same manner as in the aforementioned example. Meanwhile, the peeled 
jig 1 was subject to the cleaning process and was reused, but even after 
it was subject to three cycles of the processes, its performance was not 
deteriorated. 
EXAMPLE 8! 
In the same manner as in example 1, a jig 1 of the present example was 
produced by adhering a sticky layer 3 composed of sheet-like silicone 
rubber (thickness: 0.2 mm, hardness: 40.degree.) to the carrier 2 composed 
of the epoxy-type resin plate whose thickness was 2 mm by means of an 
adhesive material 4 made of the silicone-type resin. Furthermore, as shown 
in FIG. 5, an alignment hole 12 (light transmitting section) which has a 
diameter of 3 mm was made in a place corresponding to a place of an 
alignment mark of an electrode pattern to be provided on the surface of a 
substrate 5. 
As to the above jig 1, bubbles did not enter between the sticky layer 3 and 
the carrier 2, and as a result of the peeling test, the peeling adhesion 
was approximately 300 g at a normal temperature and was 300 g to 400 g 
after heating at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours, which provided excellent 
peeling adhesion property. 
A PES (polyether sulphone) film which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.1 mm as the substrate 5 was stuck to the jig 1 by a 
roller. Then, after the substrate 5 was subject to each kinds of the 
processes in the same manner as in example 1, lamination of the upper and 
lower substrates 5 and curing of a sealing medium were carried out. The 
substrate 5 was carried up to this process with the plastic substrate 5 
stuck to the jig 1. 
In the above producing process, as to the processes after the transparent 
conducting film fine processing, since the provision of an alignment hole 
12 in the place corresponding to the alignment mark section in the jig 1 
results in no interference by a reflected light from the surface of the 
sticky layer 3 in the jig 1, image recognition of the mark can be easily 
carried out. For example, in the process for laminating the upper and 
lower substrates, when the image recognition of the alignment mark was 
carried out in accordance with the alignment hole 12 on the jig 1 side, 
excellent recognizing coefficient was obtained. 
After the above processing, a check was made that there existed no 
abnormality due to the provision of the alignment hole 12 in the jig 1, 
and the jig 1 was peeled. Here, the peeling adhesion at the time of 
peeling the jig 1 from the plastic substrate 5 was 200 g to 400g with it 
converted into a value per width of 20 mm, so releasability and 
repeatability of the jig were as excellent as in example 1. 
EXAMPLE 9! 
A soda glass plate which has a dimension of 300.times.324.times.0.55 mm as 
a substrate 5 for a liquid crystal display element was stuck to the jig 1 
by a roller, and the substrate with the jig 1 was subject to each kinds of 
the processes for the liquid crystal display element as mentioned above so 
that a liquid crystal display element was produced. 
In this case, as a result of observation of the upper and lower substrates 
5.5 after their lamination, an agent and water did not enter the interface 
between the glass substrate 5 and the sticky layer 3 of the jig 1, and 
bubbles did not remarkably occur. 
In addition, when the jig 1 was peeled from the both laminated thin sheet 
glass substrates 5.5, the peeling adhesion was 300 g to 450 g with it 
converted into a value per width of 20 mm, so its releasability was 
excellent. Stiffness of the substrates 5.5 which is composed of the 
laminated thin sheet glass peeled from the jig 1 increased wholly because 
of their lamination. As a result, the substrate 5 was carried to 
subsequent processes for scissioning, injecting liquid crystal and 
sticking a deflecting plate with the substrate removed from the jig 1 so 
that a liquid crystal display element can be produced. Meanwhile, even 
after the peeled jig 1 was reused from the process for sticking the 
substrate 5 as mentioned above, its performance was not deteriorated. 
EXAMPLE 10! 
A substrate 5 composed of acrylic-type resin which has a dimension of 
300.times.324.times.0.4 mm was stuck to a jig 1 of the example 1 by a 
roller and while being subject to each kinds of the processes, the 
condition of the process for forming the alignment film was set as 
140.degree. C., 2.0.times.10.sup.5 Pa (2 kgf/cm.sup.2) and 1.5 hours so 
that the substrate with the jig 1 was calcined with it pressurized by air 
after the alignment film was printed. 
After the process for forming the alignment film, as a result of 
observation of the substrate 5 with the obtained jig 1, there existed no 
abnormality. Successively, after the rubbing process, the substrate 5 
stuck on the jig 1 was carried up to the processes for laminating the 
upper and lower substrates and for curing a sealing medium. Thereafter, 
the laminated substrates 5.5 were observed and a check was made that there 
existed no abnormality so that the jig 1 was peeled. The peeling adhesion 
at this time was 350 to 600 g with it converted into a value per width of 
20 mm, so its releasability was excellent. Releasability and repeatability 
of the jig were as excellent as in example 1. 
Comparative Example 2! 
A substrate 5 was subject to each kind of the processes under the same 
conditions as in example 10 except that the condition of the alignment 
film forming process was set to 140.degree. C., atmospheric pressure and 
for 1.5 hours, and the plastic substrate 5 with the obtained jig 1 was 
observed after the alignment film forming process. As a result, an agent 
and water did not enter the interface between the substrate 5 and the 
sticky layer 3, but a lot of bubbles whose diameter was 2 cm were found. 
Therefore, carrying to the processes was suspended at this stage. 
Comparative Example 3! 
As shown in FIG. 6, double-coated tape (No. 5915) made by Nitto Electric 
Industrial Co., Ltd. as a sticky layer 23 was adhered to a carrier 22 
composed of soda glass whose thickness was 1.6 mm so that a jig 21 for 
comparison was produced. Since bubbles did not enter between the carrier 
22 and the sticky layer 23, the jig for comparison 21 had an excellent 
appearance, but the acrylic-type plastic substrate had adhesion which 
makes peeling difficult (approximately 900 g per width of 20 mm) at a 
normal temperature. Furthermore, when the surface state of the sticky 
layer 23 on the plastic substrate peeling section was observed, it was 
found that the adhesion was substantially changed, so it was judged that 
the jig was defective also in the point of reuse. Note that, after heating 
at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours, the peeling adhesion further increased, so 
peeling was impossible. 
Comparative Example 4! 
As to the sticky layer 23 in the comparative example 3, the double-coated 
tape (No. 5915) made by Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. was changed to 
a double coated tape (#4594HL) made by Sumitomo 3M company so that the jig 
21 for comparison was produced. Since bubbles did not enter between the 
carrier 22 and the sticky layer 23 and an acrylic-type plastic substrate 
had a slightly weak adhesion (approximately 30 g per width of 20 mm), the 
jig 21 obtained excellent peeling workability. However, bubbles occurred 
on the interface between the plastic substrate and the sticky layer 23 in 
the heat treatment at 100.degree. C. for 3 hours. 
The results of examples 1 through 10 and the comparative examples 1 through 
4 are shown in Table 1. 
TABLE 1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Jig construction and evaluation 
Normal tem- 
Evaluation in Process for 
Jig construction perture/Ad- 
Producing Liquid Crystal Display 
Element 
Interme- hesion after ITO 
Process for 
Lami-ng 
diate 100.degree. C. 3H 
Evalu- Pro- 
orientation 
nating 
Carrier layer 
Sticky layer 
heating 
ation 
Substrate 
cess 
(Calcine temperature, 
pressure) process 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Example 1 
Epoxy resin 
None Silicone rubber 
300/300-400 
.smallcircle. 
Acrylic resin 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
.smallcircle. 
Hardness: 40.degree. 
Example 2 
Soda glass 
None Butyl rubber 
400/400-600 
.smallcircle. 
PES film 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
--essure) 
Example 3 
" None 100.degree. C. polymer- 
350/300-500 
.smallcircle. 
Acrylic resin 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (120.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
--essure) 
ization of 
silicone rubber 
Example 4 
" None 170.degree. C. polymer- 
330/300-500 
.smallcircle. 
" .smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
--essure) 
ization of 
silicone rubber 
Comparative 
(Same as example 4) .smallcircle. 
" .smallcircle. 
* (120.degree. C., 
atmospheric 
--essure) 
Example 1 
Example 5 
" PET film 
Silicone rubber 
300/300-400 
.smallcircle. 
Epoxy resin 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (130.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
--essure) 
Hardness: 40.degree. 
Example 6 
" PET film 
100.degree. C. polymer- 
350/300-500 
.smallcircle. 
" .smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (130.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
--essure) 
ization of 
silicone rubber 
Example 7 
(Same as example 1) + Transmittance 
300/300-400 
.smallcircle. 
Acrylic resin 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
.smallcircle. 
of UV ray: 50% 
Example 8 
(Same as example 1) + Making of 
300/300-400 
.smallcircle. 
PES film 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
.smallcircle. 
alignment hole 
Example 9 
(Same as example 1) .smallcircle. 
Soda glass 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. 
C., atmospheric 
.smallcircle. 
Example 10 
(Same as example 1) .smallcircle. 
Acrylic resin 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (140.degree. 
C., pressurizing) 
.smallcircle. 
Comparative 
(Same as example 1) .smallcircle. 
" .smallcircle. 
* (140.degree. C., 
atmospheric 
--essure) 
Example 2 
Comparative 
Soda glass 
Double-coated tape 
900/Impos- 
x 
Example 3 (Acrylic adhesive 
sible to 
material) peel 
Comparative 
" Double-coated tape 
30/Bubbles 
.DELTA. 
Example 4 (Acrylic adhesive 
occur on 
material) interface 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
1) The adhesive was measured by using an acrylic resin substrate whose 
width is 20 mm. 
2) Symbols-- .smallcircle.: Excellent, x: Strong adhesion, .DELTA.: Weak 
adhesion so cannot be used at heating process, *: Bubbles occur on the 
adhesive interface, --: Not evaluated. 
Next, the following will discuss evaluated results of a using state of the 
jig in the process for forming the alignment film, subdividing the process 
for forming the alignment film into a printing process, a temporary drying 
process and a main calcination process. 
For example, as shown in Table 2, the above-mentioned example 1 is arranged 
so that the sticky layer 3 made by silicone rubber is provided on the 
carrier 2 composed of an epoxy-type resin plate. The substrate 5 composed 
of acrylic-type resin is stuck to the jig 1, and the jig 1 to which the 
substrate 5 was stuck is carried out through a producing line of a liquid 
crystal display element. As mentioned above, after a process of forming a 
transparent conducting coat (ITO process), first, the alignment film is 
printed by using an offset printer, and immediately after that, temporary 
drying is carried out by using the hot plate at 100.degree. C. for 3 
minutes. Thereafter, main calcination is carried out at 100.degree. C. for 
3 hours so that the alignment film is formed on the substrate. 
At the time of printing the alignment film at this time, failure, such as 
catching of the plastic substrate 5 by a print roller, irregularity of 
printing due to an absorption hole and a channel in a printing stage, did 
not occur, so satisfactory printing could be secured. Moreover, also at 
the time of temporary drying and main calcination, failure, such as 
dance-like movement and deformation of the plastic substrate 5 due to 
heating, peeling of the plastic substrate 5 from the jig 1 or occurrence 
of air bubbles in the interface between the plastic substrate 5 and the 
sticky layer 3, does not occur, so excellent states of temporary drying 
and main calcination can be secured. 
TABLE 2 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Process for forming alignment 
Rubbing- 
Jig construction ITO Temporary 
Main Calcination 
Laminating 
Carrier 
Sticky layer 
Substrate 
Process 
Print 
drying (Calcining temperature, 
pressure) process 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Example 1 
Epoxy resin 
Silicone rubber 
Acrylic resin 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. C., 
atmospheric pressure) 
.smallcircle. 
Example 2 
Soda glass 
Butyl rubber 
PES film 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. C., 
atmospheric pressure) 
-- 
Example 9 
(Same as example 1) 
Soda glass 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (100.degree. C., 
atmospheric pressure) 
.smallcircle. 
Comparative 
(Same as example 1) 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
x (140.degree. C., atmospheric 
pressure) -- 
Example 2 
Example 11 
(Same as example 1) 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. (150.degree. C., 
FIG. 7) .smallcircle. 
Comparative 
(Same as example 1) 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
.smallcircle. 
x (150.degree. C., FIG. 
-- 
Example 5 
Comparative 
(Same as example 1) 
PES film 
.smallcircle. 
x x -- -- 
Example 6 *) Use jig until ITO 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
process 
*) Symbols-- .smallcircle.: Excellent, x: Failure occurs, --: Not 
evaluated 
Meanwhile, as to the above-mentioned example 2, the jig 1 is arranged so 
that the sticky layer 3 made by butyl rubber was provided on the carrier 2 
composed of soda glass. As the substrate 5, the PES (Polyether sulphone) 
film which has a dimension of 300.times.324.times.0.1 mm was stuck to the 
jig, and the jig to which the PES film was stuck was carried through the 
producing line of the liquid crystal display element. Moreover, as to the 
example 9, the substrate 5 made by a soda glass plate was stuck to the jig 
1 in the same manner as the example 1, and the jig 1 to which the 
substrate 5 was stuck was carried through the producing line of the liquid 
crystal display element. 
Also as to the examples 2 and 9, similarly to example 1, in the processes 
for printing an alignment film temporary drying and main calcining, 
failure, such as catching of a substrate by the print roller, dance-like 
movement and deformation of the substrate at the time of heating, peeling 
of the plastic substrate from the jig, air bubbles at an interface of a 
plastic substrate and a jig sticky material, did not occur, so 
satisfactory state could be secured. 
Here, the comparative example 2 shown in table 2 was carried through each 
kind of processes under the same condition as the example 1 except that a 
main calcining condition was 140.degree. C. and 1.5 hours. 
In this case, at the time of printing the alignment film, failure, such as 
catch of the plastic substrate by the print roller, irregularity of 
printing due to the absorption hole and groove in the printing stage, did 
not occur, so satisfactory printing could be carried out. Furthermore, 
also at the time of temporary drying, failure, such as dance-like movement 
and deformation of the plastic substrate due to heating, did not occur, so 
satisfactory temporary drying could be carried out. However, as a result 
of observing the plastic substrate with the jig after the completion of 
the main calcination process, agent and water did not enter the interface 
of the plastic substrate and the jig sticky material, but as mentioned 
above, a lot of air bubbles with a diameter of approximately 2cm were 
found. 
In the case where a calcination temperature is high, it is effective that 
calcination is carried out while the pressurizing is being carried out 
likewise the example 10. Moreover, the following will discuss an 
appropriate pressurizing condition at the time of heating to a higher 
temperature, referring to an example 11 and a comparative example 5. 
EXAMPLE 11! 
As the substrate 5 of a liquid crystal display element, an acrylic-type 
resin substrate with a thickness of 300.times.324.times.0.4 mm as the 
substrate 5 was stuck to the jig 1 of the example 1 by a roller, and a 
liquid crystal display element was produced in the same manner as the 
example 1 in which only the main calcining condition in the process for 
forming the alignment film was changed. 
FIG. 7 shows the main calcining condition in the process for forming the 
alignment film at this time. As shown in the drawing, first, a pressure 
was allowed to rise to 5.0.times.10.sup.5 Pa (5 kgf/cm.sup.2), and then 
heating was started. Thereafter, calcination was carried out at 
150.degree. C. and for 1.5 hours, and after that, a temperature was 
lowered to a room temperature while the above pressurizing state was being 
maintained. Thereafter, the pressure state is allowed to return to an 
atmospheric pressure. 
Since the main calcination was carried out by a program control under the 
above conditions of the pressure and the temperature, failure, such as 
dance-like movement and deformation of the substrate at the time of 
heating and cooling in the calcination process, peeling of the plastic 
substrate from the jig, air bubbles at the interface of the plastic 
substrate and the jig sticky material, did not occur, so satisfactory 
state could be secured. 
Thereafter, the plastic substrate stuck to the jig was carried up to the 
rubbing process, the process for laminating the upper and lower substrates 
and the process for curing sealing medium so that a liquid crystal display 
element was produced. At this time, the plastic substrate stuck to the jig 
was observed so as to make sure that there exist no particular 
abnormality, and the jig was peeled. 
Here, peeling adhesion at the time of peeling the jig from the plastic 
substrate was 350 g to 600 g for a width of approximately 20 mm, which 
provides satisfactory peeling. Moreover, both releasability and 
repeatability of the jig were excellent likewise the example 1. 
Comparative Example 5! 
Only the condition of main calcination of the alignment film in the example 
11 was changed so that a liquid crystal display element was produced. The 
conditions at this time is shown in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, heating 
was started after rise in the pressure, and the calcination was carried 
out at 150.degree. C. and for 1.5 hours under pressure of 
5.0.times.10.sup.5 Pa in the same manner as the example 11. Thereafter, 
conditions that the pressure state is returned to an atmospheric pressure 
and simultaneously a temperature is lowered to a room temperature were 
adopted. 
When the plastic substrate with the jig after the completion of the process 
for forming the alignment film was observed, agent and water did not enter 
the interface of the plastic substrate and the jig sticky material. 
However, since a lot of air bubbles with a diameter of about 2 cm were 
found, the carrying was suspended at this stage. 
Next, the following will discuss a result that as a comparative example 6, 
a substrate was removed from a jig before the process for forming an 
alignment film and the alignment film was formed as a single substrate. 
Comparative Example 6! 
As the plastic substrate, a PES (Polyether sulphone) film substrate which 
has a dimension of 300.times.324.times.0.1 mm was stuck to the jig of the 
example 1 by a roller. 
Next, in the same manner as the example 1, after the jig to which the 
plastic substrate was stuck was cleaned, it was put into a magnetron 
sputtering device, and an ITO transparent conducting film of 70nm (700 
.ANG.) was formed on the plastic substrate at a temperature of 80.degree. 
C. Thereafter, the jig to which the plastic substrate was stuck was 
carried up to the transparent conducting film fine processes (resist 
application, light exposure, developing, etching, resist clearing 
removal). 
As a result of observing the plastic substrate with the jig at this stage, 
it was found that agent and water did not enter the interface of the 
plastic substrate and the jig sticky material, and that air bubbles did 
not remarkably occur. Then, the substrate was removed from the jig at this 
stage. 
Thereafter, the plastic substrate which was removed from the jig was 
installed to a stage of an offset printer for printing an alignment film 
by a hand and was retained by absorption so that printing was carried out. 
At this time, there occur failure that the plastic substrate was partially 
caught by the print roller, and irregularity of printing having a 
configuration of an absorption channel in the stage of the printer. 
Moreover, at the time of temporary drying immediately after printing, 
since the plastic substrate showed dance-like movement on a hot plate and 
partial irregularity of drying occurs, the carrying was suspended at this 
stage. 
As explained above, in each example, the jig 1, which is arranged so as to 
have the sticky layer 3 which is repeatedly reusable on the carrier 2 
having constant stiffness, is used for producing a liquid crystal display 
element. In this case, the substrate 5 composed of a thin sheet glass 
plate, a plastic plate, etc. is stuck to the jig 1, and the substrate 5 
stuck to the jig 1 is carried to each process. Then, the substrate 5 is 
peeled from the jig 1. The jig 1 from which the substrate 5 has been 
peeled was returned to the process for sticking a new substrate 5 so as to 
be reused. 
This makes it possible to constantly produce a liquid crystal display 
element in which a thin sheet glass substrate and a plastic substrate are 
used, which was hard to be produced in the past. Moreover, the jig 1 was 
obtained by forming the sticky layer 3 whose peeling adhesion is 
substantially kept constant after repeated use on the carrier 2. As a 
result of capability of repeatedly using the jig 1, cost of producing a 
liquid crystal display element can be reduced greatly compared to the 
conventional disposable jig. 
In addition, a conventional producing device for a glass-type liquid 
crystal display element can be commonly used, so investment in plant and 
equipment in connection with development or remodeling of new equipment 
can be greatly cut down. 
Here, as mentioned in example 4 and comparative example 1, it is desirable 
that the sticky layer 3 is formed on the carrier 2 at a temperature of not 
more than 100.degree. C. In other words, as a temperature at the time of 
forming the sticky layer 3 is lower, residual stress and distortion due to 
a difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the sticky layer 3 
and the carrier 2 becomes smaller during change in temperature which is 
around a normal temperature. For this reason, in the case where a thin 
sheet glass substrate and a plastic substrate are stuck on the sticky 
layer 3 of the jig 1 at a normal temperature, stress and distortion due to 
differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the substrate 5 and 
the sticky layer 3 and between the substrate 5 and the carrier 2 can 
prevent the substrate 5 from peeling from the sticky layer 3 during 
subsequent change in a temperature. 
This makes it possible to further raise a maximum service temperature in 
the process for sticking a thin sheet glass substrate and a plastic 
substrate on a jig. As a result, excellent alignment film whose 
orientation properties are excellent can be obtained, so performance and 
reliability of a liquid crystal display element are improved. 
Meanwhile, as mentioned in examples 5 and 6, as to the jig 1 which is 
provided with the intermediate layer 11 between the carrier 2 and the 
sticky layer 3, even in the case where a great difference in thermal 
expansion coefficients exists between the carrier 2 and the sticky layer 
3, the thermal expansion coefficient of the intermediate layer 11 is set 
between the thermal expansion coefficients of the carrier 2 and the sticky 
layer 3 so that stress and distortion due to a difference in a thermal 
expansion coefficient caused by change in temperature are relaxed by the 
intermediate layer 11. 
In addition, as explained in example 6, in the case where the sticky layer 
3 is preliminarily formed on the intermediate layer 11 and the 
intermediate layer 11 with the sticky layer 3 is adhered to the carrier 2, 
the sticky layer 3 can be formed thinner. This further restrains expansion 
stress of the sticky layer 3 at the heat treatment, so adhesion of the 
substrate 5 on the jig 1 is improved. 
Moreover, compared to the process for producing a jig that a separately 
produced thin sticky layer is directly adhered to a carrier, the process 
for producing the jig that the sticky layer 3 is preliminarily formed on 
the intermediate layer 11 as mentioned above can improve adhesion 
workability to the carrier 2 and can reduce cost of producing the jig. 
Meanwhile, as mentioned in example 7, in the case where the jig 1 is 
produced so that at least 30% or more of or preferably 50% or more of an 
UV ray whose wavelength is 365 mm can penetrates, the UV ray can be 
irradiated to the thin sheet glass or plastic substrate 5 through the jig 
1. As a result, an UV response-type sealing medium can be used, for 
example, in the process for laminating the upper and lower substrates in 
the sequence of the processes for producing a liquid crystal display 
element. The UV response-type sealing medium does not require for a high 
temperature condition at the time of cure of sealing. As a result, it is 
possible to cure sealing at a temperature which is close to a normal 
temperature. For this reason, when a temperature is lowered to a normal 
temperature after cure of sealing, shrinkage stress on the thin sheet 
glass or plastic substrate 5 and stress on a sealing medium are decreased 
greatly compared to a conventional thermoset sealing medium. This improves 
performance and reliability of a liquid crystal display element. 
Here, in the case where the transmittance of the UV ray whose wavelength is 
365 nm is less than 30%, since a time to obtain a necessary light amount 
for curing a sealing medium becomes long, productivity is lowered. 
Furthermore, problems such that a service life of a jig is lowered due to 
deterioration of the sticky layer 3, deformation stress occurs due to a 
rise in temperature, cost is increased due to enlargement of a UV 
irradiating device. 
In addition, as mentioned in example 8, a reflected interference light from 
the surface of the jig 1 is restrained by providing the alignment hole 12 
on an alignment mark section of an electrode pattern to be formed on the 
substrate 5, and it is possible to carry out a high-accurate automatic 
positioning by means of an image recognition method using the alignment 
mark with the substrate 5 stuck to the jig 1. In such a manner, when 
transmittance of a visible ray to a section corresponding to the alignment 
mark of the electrode pattern is partially increased, the positioning 
accuracy in the subsequent sequence of the producing processes is 
improved. Therefore, a liquid crystal display element whose display 
quality is excellent can be produced. 
Meanwhile, as is transparent from each example and comparative example 6, 
in an offset printing process of an insulating film, an alignment film, 
etc. which requires uniform printing, catching by a print roller and 
deformation along an absorption hole and a channel, which are liable to 
occur in the case of particularly a plastic substrate, can be reduced by 
providing higher rigidity to a carrier of a jig, thereby obtaining 
excellent printing. Moreover, also when temporary drying is carried out 
immediately after printing of an alignment film, for example, dance-like 
movement of a plastic substrate due to heat on a hot plate is prevented, 
thereby obtaining excellent drying. 
Furthermore, as mentioned in example 10, comparative example 2 and example 
11, in calcine treatment for the insulating film and alignment film which 
requires higher processing temperature, bubbles occur due to differences 
in the thermal expansion and shrinkage coefficients between the substrate 
5 and the sticky layer 3 and between the the substrate 5 and carrier 2 of 
the jig 1, and due to stress or distortion caused by partial temperature 
irregularity, and this makes it easy that the substrate 5 is peeled from 
the jig 1. However, at this time, the occurrence of bubbles is restrained 
by carrying out heating and pressurizing simultaneously, thereby resulting 
in that the peeling of the substrate 5 from the jig 1 is prevented. 
As mentioned especially in example 11 and comparative example 5, 
temperature of the substrate and jig rises up to calcining temperature 
environment. Moreover, in a process that the temperature falls to normal 
temperature, occurrence of bubbles between the substrate and the jig and a 
force which peels the substrate from the jig can be further surely 
prevented by synchronizing a pressurizing--reduced pressure program with a 
heating--cooling program of a calcining oven under a constant condition. 
As a result, for example, processing temperature at the time of forming an 
alignment film can be set high, thereby making it possible not only to 
increase performance, uniformity and reliability of alignment in liquid 
crystal molecule but also to improve performance and reliability of a 
liquid crystal element. Moreover, in the above examples, a forming process 
of the insulating film is omitted, but similarly to the process of forming 
an alignment film, the insulating film can be formed by the processes for 
offset printing, temporary drying and main calcination. The insulating 
film is formed between the transparent electrode and the alignment film, 
but its insulating performance is increased by carrying out the main 
calcining at high processing temperature, and the performance and the 
reliability of the liquid crystal display element can be improved. 
Here, the present invention is not limited to the above examples, so 
various changes are acceptable in the scope of the present invention. In 
the above examples, a thin sheet glass plate, an acrylic-type resin plate, 
a PES (polyether sulphone) film and epoxy-type resin were used as the 
substrate 5 which is carried to the processes by using the jig 1, but a 
substrate composed of polysulfone, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyester, 
maleimide resin, etc. can be used as another plastic substrate. Moreover, 
as an adhesive material used for adhesion among the carrier 2, the sticky 
layer 3 and the intermediate layer 11, various kinds of adhesive materials 
such as sticky type, normal-temperature-curing type, heat-curing type, 
response-to-water type can be used. 
As described above, the substrate carrier jig of the present invention is a 
jig, which is carried through processes while supporting a substrate of a 
liquid crystal display element on its surface, and it is arranged so that 
a sticky layer in which adhesion for holding the substrate to be stuck to 
the surface is kept substantially constant even after repeated use is 
provided on a carrier. 
As a result, the substrate of a liquid crystal display element is stuck to 
the substrate carrier jig of the present invention and the jig is carried 
through the sequence of the process for producing a liquid crystal display 
element so that the substrate stuck to the jig is subject to liquid 
crystal display element forming treatments successively. Then, after the 
predetermined processes, the substrate is peeled from the jig, and a 
liquid crystal display element can be produced by reusing the jig for 
sticking a new substrate. 
As a result, even if substrate materials such as thin sheet-like glass, 
plastic which independently have no strength and stiffness are used, a 
liquid crystal display element can be produced by means of conventional 
glass liquid crystal display element producing line by carrying a thin 
sheet glass substrate or a plastic substrate, etc. stuck on the jig to the 
processes for producing a liquid crystal display element. Furthermore, 
since the jig can be reused, it can greatly reduce the cost of producing a 
liquid crystal display element compared to a disposable jig. 
When the intermediate layer is provided between the carrier and the sticky 
layer, stress and distortion due to a difference in a thermal expansion 
coefficients caused by a change in temperature are relaxed at the 
intermediate layer by setting the thermal expansion coefficient of the 
intermediate layer between the thermal expansion coefficients of the 
sticky layer and the carrier. Moreover, the jig is produced such that the 
sticky layer is preliminarily formed on the intermediate layer and the 
intermediate layer with the sticky layer is adhered to the carrier, so 
that the sticky layer can be formed thinner. As a result, expansion stress 
on the sticky layer in the heat treatment is restrained and adhesion of 
the substrate to the jig is improved. In the case where the sticky layer 
is preliminarily formed on the intermediate layer, adhesion workability to 
the carrier is improved and the cost of producing the jig can be 
restrained. 
When the light transmitting section for improving transmittance of visible 
light is provided in a place corresponding to the alignment mark of the 
electrode pattern formed on the substrate, the substrate stuck to the jig 
can be positioned by using the alignment mark in each process for 
producing a liquid crystal display element. As a result, the highly 
accurate positioning can be carried out by using an automatic image 
recognition method, and a liquid crystal display element whose display 
quality is excellent can be produced. 
The method of producing the liquid crystal display element of the present 
invention is arranged so that a printing process for an insulating film, 
an alignment film, etc. is carried out with a substrate stuck to the jig. 
This arrangement restraints deformation along an absorption hole and a 
channel at a printing state which is liable to occur especially in the 
case of a plastic substrate, so excellent printing can be obtained and at 
the same time, catching of the plastic substrates by a print roller at the 
time of printing can be also prevented. 
In the above producing method, in the case where a process for calcining 
the insulating film and the alignment film is carried out with the 
substrate stuck to the jig, when temporary drying and calcining at 
comparatively low temperature are carried out in the process for forming 
the insulating and the alignment film, occurrence of defects such as 
dance-like movement of the plastic substrate and deformation of the 
substrate due to heat on a hot plate is prevented, thereby making it 
possible to provide excellent heat processing. 
In the above producing method, in the case where the substrate stuck to the 
substrate carrier jig is heated while being pressurized during the process 
for producing a liquid crystal display element, for example, when calcine 
treatment in the process for forming the insulating film and the alignment 
film is carried out, a difference in the thermal expansion and shrinkage 
coefficients between the thin sheet glass substrate or the plastic 
substrate and the jig, and occurrence of bubbles between the substrate and 
the jig due to stress and distortion caused by partial irregularity of a 
temperature can be surely restricted As a result, it is possible to set a 
treatment temperature higher, for example, and an insulating film with 
excellent insulating characteristics, an alignment film with excellent 
aligning characteristics, etc. can be obtained, thereby making it possible 
to improve performance and reliability of a liquid crystal display 
element. 
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be 
varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure 
from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as 
would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included 
within the scope of the following claims.