STATOR FOR AN ELECTRICAL MACHINE AND ELECTRICAL MACHINE

A stator for an electrical machine includes a stator core in which a plurality of grooves distributed in a circumferential direction are formed and which has two opposite end faces, and a stator winding having a plurality of shaped conductors. The shaped conductors each have a first leg portion, a second leg portion and a head portion connecting the leg portions to one of the end faces. The leg portions extend through different grooves and are spaced apart from one another by an increment of a number of grooves.

The invention relates to a stator for an electrical machine, comprising a stator core in which are formed a multiplicity of grooves that are distributed along a circumferential direction, and which has two end sides that are mutually opposite in an axial direction, and a stator winding that has a multiplicity of shaped conductors, wherein the shaped conductors have in each case one first leg portion, one second leg portion and one head portion which connects the leg portions in an electrically conductive manner on one of the end sides; wherein the leg portions of a respective shaped conductor extend through different grooves and are spaced apart from one another by an increment of a number of grooves; wherein the head portion has an inner portion which extends in the circumferential direction and adjoins the first leg portion, and an outer portion which extends in the circumferential direction, adjoins the second leg portion and is disposed further radially outside than the inner portion; wherein the increment in a first and a second of the shaped conductors is S, in a third of the shaped conductors is at least one greater than S, and in a fourth of the shaped conductors is at least one smaller than S, where S is a natural number.

Moreover, the invention relates to an electrical machine.

Known from DE 11 2019 004 037 T5 is a stator for an electrical machine, comprising a stator body which supports a plurality of windings. The stator body comprises a plurality of slots. A conductor of the winding forms end windings which have bends with a first winding increment, a second winding increment and a third winding increment. The second winding increment is one greater than the first winding increment. The third winding increment is one smaller than the first winding increment.

In stators with a stator winding made of shaped conductors, the head portions thereof having different increments, these head portions must be mutually disposed in a suitable manner. For example, a small axial winding overhang is desired on the end side where the head portions are located. Similarly, the disposal of the shaped conductors in the stator core should be simple in terms of production.

The invention is based on the object to provide an improved possibility for disposing shaped conductors of a stator winding with different increments.

In a stator of the type mentioned above this object is achieved according to the invention in that the head portion furthermore has an offset portion which connects the inner portion to the outer portion and has a greater radial extent than the inner portion and the outer portion, and that the outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor runs at least partially radially further outward than the outer portions of the head portions of the first, the second and the fourth shaped conductor.

The stator according to the invention for an electrical machine has a stator core. A multiplicity of grooves are formed in the stator core. The grooves are distributed along a circumferential direction. The stator core has two end sides. The end sides are mutually opposite in an axial direction. The stator furthermore has a stator winding. The stator winding has a multiplicity of shaped conductors. The shaped conductors have in each case one first leg portion, one second leg portion and one head portion. The head portion connects the leg portions in an electrically conductive manner on one of the end sides. The leg portions of a respective shaped conductor extend through different grooves. The leg portions of a respective shaped conductor are spaced apart from one another by an increment of a number of grooves. The head portion has an inner portion. The inner portion extends in the circumferential direction. The inner portion adjoins the first leg portion. The head portion has an outer portion. The outer portion extends in the circumferential direction. The outer portion adjoins the second leg portion. The outer portion is disposed radially further outward than the inner portion. The increment in a first and a second of the shaped conductors is S. S is a natural number. In a third of the shaped conductors, the increment is at least one greater than S. In a fourth of the shaped conductors, the increment is at least one smaller than S. The head portion furthermore has an offset portion. The offset portion connects the inner portion to the outer portion. The offset portion has a greater radial extent than the inner portion and the outer portion. The outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor runs at least partially radially further outward than the outer portions of the head portions of the first, the second and the fourth shaped conductor.

The invention is based on the concept of routing the outer portion of the third shaped conductor, i.e. the one with the large increment, radially outside along the outer portions of the first, the second and the fourth shaped conductor, so as to utilize radial installation space. The required offset in the radial direction herein is formed by the offset portion of a respective head portion. A small winding overhang can be achieved on the first end side as a result.

The stator core can be formed from a multiplicity of axially layered and/or mutually electrically isolated individual laminations.

The inner portion and/or outer portion of the head portion of a respective shaped conductor preferably extend/extends in the circumferential direction and in the axial direction. The offset portion of the head portion of a respective shaped conductor preferably forms a radial offset between ends of the inner portion and of the outer portion of the respective shaped conductor that face the offset portion.

The offset portion of the head portion of a respective shaped conductor forms in particular a location of the head portion that is axially furthest away from the stator core. At this location, the axial extent of the offset portion is in particular reversed. A transition from the first leg portion to the inner portion and/or a transition from the inner portion to the offset portion and/or a transition from the offset portion to the outer portion and/or a transition from the outer portion to the second leg portion are/is preferably formed with a bending radius that is smaller than any bend radius occurring on the inner portion and/or outer portion.

The shaped conductors on the side facing away from the head portion can in each case also have two connecting portions which adjoin the leg portions and are disposed on the other end side of the stator core. A respective connecting portion can be connected mechanically and in an electrically conductive manner to the connecting portion of another shaped conductor. Preferably, the connecting portions are connected in a materially integral manner, in particular by means of welding. The leg portions and/or the head portion and/or the connecting portions of a respective shaped conductor can be formed in one piece. The shaped conductors are in each case preferably formed from a rod bent multiple times. The shaped conductors can be formed from a metal, preferably copper.

The shaped conductors have in particular rectangular cross sections with two lateral lengths. The two lateral lengths can be identical, but preferably have different lengths. If, for example, the shaped conductors are bent by way of their longer sides, their bending radii are preferably at least as large as the length of the shorter side lengths. If, for example, the shaped conductors are bent by way of their shorter sides, the bending radii are preferably at least three quarters as large as the length of the longer side lengths.

In preferred design embodiment it is provided that the outer portion of the head portion of the fourth shaped conductor runs at least partially radially further outward than the outer portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor. As a result, the outer portion of the head portion of the fourth shaped conductor, which has the small increment, can be routed past the outer portion of the first shaped conductor with the increment S in a space-saving manner.

Preferably, each groove is radially divided at least into first to fourth layers, which are sequenced in the order of their designation, for receiving one of the leg portions of one of the shaped conductors. The first layer can be the radially inner layer. In a refinement it can be provided that the first leg portion is disposed in the first or the second layer. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the second leg portion is disposed in the third or the fourth layer.

In detail, it can be provided thatthe first leg portion of the first shaped conductor is disposed in the first layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the first shaped conductor is disposed in the third layer; and/orthe first leg portion of the second shaped conductor is disposed in the first layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the second shaped conductor is disposed in the third layer; and/orthe first leg portion of the third shaped conductor is disposed in the second layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the third shaped conductor is disposed in the fourth layer; and/orthe first leg portion of the fourth shaped conductor is disposed in the second layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the fourth shaped conductor is disposed in the fourth layer.

Expediently, it can be provided that the first leg portions of the first and the third shaped conductor are disposed in the same groove, and the first leg portions of the second and the fourth shaped conductor are disposed in the same groove. It is preferable here for the groove in which the first leg portions of the first and the third shaped conductor are disposed, and the groove in which the first leg portions of the second and the fourth shaped conductor are disposed, are directly adjacent. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the second leg portions of the first and the fourth shaped conductor are disposed in the same groove, and the second leg portions of the second and the third shaped conductor are disposed in the same groove. It can be provided herein that the groove in which the second leg portions of the first and the fourth shaped conductor are disposed, and the groove in which the second leg portions of the second and the third shaped conductor are disposed, are directly adjacent.

Moreover, in fifth to eighth of the shaped conductors the increment can be S, wherein the first leg portions of the fifth and the sixth shaped conductor can be disposed in the same groove, and the groove can be adjacent to the groove in which the first leg portions of the first and the third shaped conductor are disposed. The first leg portions of the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor can be disposed in the same groove, and the groove can be adjacent to the groove in which the first leg portions of the second and the fourth shaped conductor are disposed. Preferably, it is provided that the head portions of the first to fourth shaped conductors are disposed between the head portions of the fifth and the sixth shaped conductor and the head portions of the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor.

In a first preferred design embodiment of the stator according to the invention, one or a plurality of the following features may be provided:

The circumferential extent of the offset portions of the fifth to eighth shaped conductors is preferably chosen, in particular as a function of a material thickness of the shaped conductors and/or of their bending radii, to be so minor that the outer portion of the head portion of the seventh shaped conductor axially covers the outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor. As a result of the design embodiment of the fifth to eighth shaped conductors, the end windings are widely spread out. As a result of being spread out, a gap into which the first to fourth shaped conductors can be inserted is created between the fifth and the sixth shaped conductor, on the one hand, and the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor, on the other hand. The gap also permits a joining process of a shaped conductor cage that for manufacturing the stator is introduced with the leg portions ahead into the grooves to be kept simple.

The inner portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor can extend radially further inward than the inner portion of the head portion of the second shaped conductor and/or than the inner portion of the sixth shaped conductor and/or than the inner portion of the eighth shaped conductor. Alternatively or additionally, the inner portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor can extend radially inward beyond a radially inner delimitation of the grooves, in particular beyond a radially inner shell face of the stator core.

The outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor can extend outward as far as the outer portion of the head portion of the fifth shaped conductor and/or as the outer portion of the head portion of the seventh shaped conductor. The outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor and/or the outer portion of the head portion of the fifth shaped conductor and/or the outer portion of the head portion of the seventh shaped conductor can extend radially outward beyond a radially outer delimitation of the grooves.

It can be provided that the head portions of the fifth and the seventh shaped conductor and/or the head portions of the sixth and the eighth shaped conductor and/or the head portions of the fifth and the second shaped conductor and/or the head portions of the seventh and the second shaped conductor are identically shaped. The variety of shapes of the shaped conductors can be kept to a minimum as a result.

It can furthermore be provided thatthe first leg portion of the fifth shaped conductor is disposed in the second layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the fifth shaped conductor is disposed in the fourth layer; and/orthe first leg portion of the sixth shaped conductor is disposed in the first layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the sixth shaped conductor is disposed in the third layer; and/orthe first leg portion of the seventh shaped conductor is disposed in the second layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the seventh shaped conductor is disposed in the fourth layer; and/orthe first leg portion of the eighth shaped conductor is disposed in the first layer; and/orthe second leg portion of the eighth shaped conductor is disposed in the third layer.

Alternatively or additionally, in the first preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the outer portion of the head portion of the second shaped conductor at least partially covers the outer portion of the head portion of the fourth shaped conductor with respect to the end side.

The first preferred embodiment can also be distinguished in that the outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor extends at least partially axially further away from the stator core than the outer portion of the head portion of the fourth shaped conductor and/or than the outer portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor. Alternatively or additionally, the outer portion of the head portion of the second shaped conductor can at least partially extend axially further away from the stator core than the outer portion of the head portion of the fourth shaped conductor and/or than the outer portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor. As a result, the space available for the disposal of the first to fourth shaped conductors can be utilized efficiently, and a small winding overhang can be achieved.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the offset portions of the head portions of the first, the third and the fourth shaped conductor run side by side along an angular region of the circumferential direction that occupies at least half of an angular region of the circumferential direction occupied by the offset portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor.

In a second preferred design embodiment of the stator according to the invention, one or a plurality of the following features can be provided:

The outer portion of the head portion of the third shaped conductor can run at least in portions radially further outward than the outer portion of the head portion of the fifth shaped conductor and/or than the outer portion of the head portion of the seventh shaped conductor. The radial extent of the end winding toward the inside can be kept small as a result.

The outer portion of the head portion of the second shaped conductor can run at least partially radially further inward than the outer portion of the head portion of the fourth shaped conductor.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the outer portion of the head portion of the second shaped conductor at least partially covers the outer portion of the head portion of the first shaped conductor with respect to the end side.

In the second design embodiment, the head portions of the first, the second and the sixth shaped conductor can be identically shaped. Alternatively or additionally, the head portions of the fourth and the fifth shaped conductor can be identically shaped.

In a refinement of the stator according to the invention, it can be provided that the first portions of the head portions of the first and the third shaped conductor run radially side by side between the leg portion adjoining them and the offset portion. Alternatively or additionally, the first portions of the head portion of the second and the fourth shaped conductor can run radially side by side between the leg portion adjoining them and the offset portion.

In a preferred design embodiment, the second, the third and the fourth shaped conductor can be disposed radially side by side in a circular sector of the end side of the stator. This enables a particularly low end winding.

In a preferred design embodiment, the shaped conductors form a plurality of strands of the stator winding. The first to fourth shaped conductors herein can belong to the same strand. Preferably, the stator has at least three strands. Each strand herein corresponds to a phase of the stator.

It is furthermore preferable that the shaped conductors for each strand form a first current path and a second current path which is connected in parallel or in series to the first current path, wherein the first to fourth shaped conductors form a shaped conductor assembly in which the third shaped conductor and the fourth shaped conductor are wired in the first current path, and the first shaped conductor and the second shaped conductor are wired in the second current path. In a further refinement, a further corresponding shaped conductor assembly can be provided, in which the third shaped conductor and the fourth shaped conductor are wired in the second current path, and the first shaped conductor and the second shaped conductor are wired in the first current path.

The fifth and the sixth shaped conductor on the one hand, and the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor on the other hand, in particular belong in each case in particular to different strands than the first to fourth shaped conductors.

The object on which the invention is based is furthermore achieved by an electrical machine comprising a stator according to the invention; and a rotor which is rotatably mounted within the stator; wherein the electrical machine is specified to drive a vehicle.

The electrical machine is preferably an, in particular permanently excited, synchronous machine or an asynchronous machine. The vehicle is preferably a battery-electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid vehicle.

The object on which the invention is based is furthermore achieved by a vehicle comprising an electrical machine according to the invention.

Further advantages and details of the present invention are derived from the exemplary embodiments described hereunder and by means of the drawings. The latter are schematic illustrations in which:

FIG.1is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a stator1.

The stator1has a stator core2, in which are formed a plurality of grooves3that are distributed along a circumferential direction. The stator core2has a first end side4and, opposite thereto, a second end side5. The stator core by way of example is formed from a multiplicity of axially layered and mutually insulated individual laminations and can therefore also be referred to as a laminated stator pack. Moreover, the stator1has a stator winding6, which has a multiplicity of shaped conductors7. Accordingly, the stator winding can also be referred to as a hair pin winding.

FIG.2is a diagram of the shaped conductors7according to the first exemplary embodiment.

The shaped conductors7have in each case one first leg portion8, one second leg portion9and one head portion10which connects the leg portions8,9in an electrically conductive manner on the first end side4. The leg portions8,9of a respective shaped conductor7extend through different grooves3(seeFIG.1) and are spaced apart from one another by an increment of a number of grooves. The increment is illustrated by a double arrow11inFIG.2.

The head portion10has an inner portion12which adjoins the first leg portion8. Moreover, the head portion10has an outer portion13which adjoins the second leg portion9. The head portion10furthermore has an offset portion14which connects the inner portion12to the outer portion13.

Moreover, the shaped conductor7on that side that faces away from the head portion has connecting portions15,16which adjoin the leg portions8,9. The connecting portions15,16are disposed on the second end side5of the stator core2. A respective connecting portion15is mechanically connected to the connecting portion16of another shaped conductor7in an electrically conductive and materially integral manner by welding. By way of example, the leg portions8,9, the head portion10and the connecting portions15,16herein are formed in one piece from a copper rod bent multiple times.

Furthermore shown inFIG.2are a first shaped conductor structure17aand a second shaped conductor structure17b, which differ from one another in that the connecting portions15,16point toward one another in the first shaped conductor structure17a, but point away from one another in the shaped conductor structure17b.

FIG.2furthermore shows a shaped terminal conductor18of the stator winding6. The shaped terminal conductor18has a leg portion19which extends through one of the grooves3(seeFIG.1), a terminal portion20which adjoins said leg portion19on the first end side3, and a connecting portion21which adjoins the leg portion19on the second end side5. The connecting portion21is connected to a connecting portion15,16of one of the shaped conductors7. The terminal portion20is used to connect the outer ends of the stator winding6(seeFIG.1).

FIG.3is an end-side view of the stator1according to the first exemplary embodiment.

As can be derived fromFIG.3, the inner portion12and the outer portion13of a respective shaped conductor7extend in the circumferential direction, whereby the outer portion13is disposed radially further outward than the inner portion12. The offset portion14has a greater radial extent than the inner portion12and the outer portion13. As can be seen when viewed in combination withFIG.1, the inner and outer portions12,13extend in the axial direction away from the stator core2. The offset portion14of the head portion10of a respective shaped conductor7forms a location of the head portion10that is axially furthest away from the stator core2.

FIG.3furthermore shows that the shaped conductors7comprise a first shaped conductor7a, a second shaped conductor7b, a third shaped conductor7cand a fourth shaped conductor7d. Moreover, a fifth shaped conductor7e, a sixth shaped conductor7f, a seventh shaped conductor7gand an eighth shaped conductor7hare indicated inFIG.3. In the following, the leg portions8,9, the head portion10, the inner portion12, the outer portion13, the offset portion14and the connecting portions15,16of a respective more precisely designated shaped conductor7ato7hare identified by the same lower-case letter as the shaped conductor7ato7h.

FIGS.4to7show the first to fourth shaped conductor7ato7d, wherebyFIG.4is a perspective detailed view of the stator in the region of the first to fourth shaped conductor7ato7d,FIG.5is an end-side plan view,FIG.6is its lateral view from the inside, andFIG.7is a lateral view from the outside.

The first shaped conductor7aand the second shaped conductor7bhave in each case an increment S. The third shaped conductor7chas an increment S+1. The fourth shaped conductor7dhas an increment S-1. In the present exemplary embodiment, S=6 is selected by way of example, so that the increments of the first and the second shaped conductor7a,7bare six, the increment of the third shaped conductor7cis seven, and the increment of the fourth shaped conductor7dis five. Illustrated inFIG.5are the positions of eight grooves3,3a,3b,3cacross which the first to fourth shaped conductors7ato7dextend.

The stator1is distinguished in particular in that the outer portion13cruns radially further outward than the outer portions13a,13b,13d, as is best seen inFIG.5. Likewise, the outer portion13d(inFIG.5partially obscured by the second shaped conductor7b) runs radially further outward than the outer portion13a. When viewed from the first end side, the outer portion13cis the radially outermost portion of the outer portions13ato13d, and the outer portion13ais the innermost portion of the outer portions13ato13d.

It can furthermore be seen inFIG.5that the outer portions13bto13dextend in each case radially outward beyond an outer radial delimitation of the grooves3. Moreover, the inner portion12aextends radially inward beyond an inner shell face22of the stator core2(seeFIG.1). The outer portion13bcovers the outer portion13dwith respect to the first end side4. Moreover, the inner portion12ccovers the inner portion12bwith respect to the first end side4. The offset portions14a,14c,14dof the head portions10a,10c,10dof the first, the third and the fourth shaped conductor7a,7c,7drun side by side along an angular region of the circumferential direction, which occupies at least half of an angular region of the circumferential direction occupied by the offset portion14a.

As can be derived in particular fromFIG.6andFIG.7, the outer portion13bruns at least partially axially further away from the stator core2than the outer portion13dand than the outer portion13a. Likewise, the outer portion13bruns axially further away from the stator core2than the outer portion13dand than the outer portion13a.

FIGS.6and7show in detail that the first leg portions8a,8cof the first and the third shaped conductor7a,7care disposed in the same groove3a, and the first leg portions8b,8dof the second and the fourth shaped conductor7b,7dare disposed in the same groove3b. The groove3bis directly adjacent to the groove3ain the circumferential direction Furthermore, the second leg portions9a,9dof the first and the fourth shaped conductor7a,7dare disposed in the same groove3c, and the second leg portions9b,9care disposed in the same groove3d. The groove3dis directly adjacent to the groove3cin the circumferential direction

Moreover, each groove3is divided radially into first to fourth layers23ato23d, which are sequenced in the order of their designation from the inside to the outside, for receiving one of the leg portions8,9of one of the shaped conductors7. In the present exemplary embodiment, in the first shaped conductor7a, the first leg portion8ais disposed in the first layer23a, and the second leg portion9ais disposed in the third layer23c. In the second shaped conductor7b, the first leg portion8bis disposed in the first layer23a, and the second leg portion9bis disposed in the third layer23c. In the third shaped conductor7c, the first leg portion8cis disposed in the second layer23b, and the second leg portion9cis disposed in the fourth layer23d. In the fourth shaped conductor7d, the first leg portion8dis disposed in the second layer23b, and the second leg portion9dis disposed in the fourth layer23d.

FIG.4furthermore shows the fifth to eighth shaped conductors7eto7h, which have in each case the increment S. The first leg portions8e,8fof the fifth and the sixth shaped conductor7e,7fare disposed in the same groove3adjacent to the groove3ain which the first leg portions8a,8care disposed. The first leg portions8g,8hof the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor7g,7hare disposed in the same groove3adjacent to the groove3bin which the first leg portions8b,8dare disposed. Furthermore, the first leg portions8e,8hof the fifth and the seventh shaped conductor7e,8hare disposed in the second layer23b, and the first leg portions8f,8gof the sixth and the eighth shaped conductor7f,7gare disposed in the first layer23a. The second leg portions9e,9hof the fifth and the seventh shaped conductor7e,8hare disposed in the fourth layer23d, and the second leg portions9f,9gof the sixth and the eighth shaped conductor7f,7gare disposed in the third layer23c.

The head portions10ato10dof the first to fourth shaped conductors7ato7dare disposed between the head portions10e,10fof the fifth and the sixth shaped conductor7e,7fand the head portions10g,10hof the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor7g,7h.

As can be seen inFIG.4, the circumferential extent of the offset portions14eto14hof the fifth to eighth shaped conductors7eto7his chosen as a function of a material thickness of the shaped conductors7and their bending radii to be so minor that the outer portion12hof the head portion10hof the seventh shaped conductor7haxially covers the outer portion12cof the head portion10cof the third shaped conductor7c. As a result of this configuration of the fifth to eighth shaped conductors7eto7h, these are spread out to form a gap between the fifth and the sixth shaped conductor7e,7fon the one hand, and the seventh and the eighth shaped conductor7g,7hon the other hand, into which the first to fourth shaped conductors7ato7dcan be inserted. The gap also permits a joining process of a shaped conductor cage that for manufacturing the stator1is introduced with the leg portions8,9ahead into the grooves3to be kept simple.

FIG.8is a block diagram of the stator winding of the stator1according to the first exemplary embodiment.

In the exemplary configuration shown, the stator1has N=3 phases U, V, W and P=4 pole pairs and a hole count q=2. For each phase U, V, W, the shaped conductors7form a first current path115aand a second current path115b. The current paths115a,115bof a respective phase U, V, W are connected in parallel. Alternatively, a connection of the current paths115a,115bin series is also possible. The shaped conductors7of a respective current path115a,115bare connected in series. For each of the phases U, V, W, the current paths115a,115bare constructed as follows:

The shaped conductors7of the first current path115aform a first portion116a, a second portion116band a third portion116cin the order of a phase connection113to a star point114. Likewise, the shaped conductors7of the second current path115bform a first portion117a, a second portion117band a third portion117cin the sequence from the phase connection113to the star point114.

The shaped conductors7of the first portion116aof the first current path115aform first to [(P/2)th] groups of a first type118a,118bof leg portions8,9connected in series, here form a first group of the first type118aand a second group of the first type118b. The shaped conductors7of the second portion116bof the first current path115aform first to Pthgroups of a second type119a-dof leg portions8,9connected in series, here a first group of the second type119a, a second group of the second type119b, a third group of the second type119cand a fourth group of the second type119d. The shaped conductors7of the third portion116cof the first current path115aform first to [(P/2)th] groups of a first type120a,120bof leg portions8,9connected in series, here a first group of the first type120aand a second group of the first type120b.

The shaped conductors7of the first portion117aof the second current path115bform first to [(P/2)th] groups of a second type121a,121bof leg portions connected in series8,9, here a first group of the second type121aand a second group of the second type121b, and a half-group of the first type122which on the side thereof facing away from the second portion117bis connected in series to the groups of the second type121a,121b. The shaped conductors7of the second portion117bof the second current path115bform first to Pthgroups of a third type123a-dof leg portions8,9connected in series, here a first group of the third type123a, a second group of the third type123b, a third group of the third type123cand a fourth group of the third type123d. The shaped conductors7of the third portion117cof the second current path115aform a half-group of a second type124as well as first to [(P/2-1)th] groups of a second type125of leg portions8,9connected in series, here a (first) group of the second type125which on the side thereof facing the second portion117bis connected in series to the half-group of the second type124.

The portions116a-c,117a-cand the groups of first, second and third types118a,118b,119a-d,120a,120b,121a,121b,123a-d,125herein are denoted in their respective order in terms of the series connection, here counted from the phase connection113to the star point114.

FIG.9is a winding diagram of the stator winding of the stator according to the first exemplary embodiment.FIG.10is a fragment of the winding diagram shown inFIG.9for a strand V according to the first exemplary embodiment.

The stator1has a total of 2·P·N·q=48 grooves3. The hole count q therefore describes the ratio of the number of grooves3to the product resulting from the number of poles 2·P and the number of phases N.

Each layer23ato23dof a respective groove3forms a receptacle space for exactly one leg portion8,9,19. This results in a total number of 2·P·N·q·L=192 receptacle spaces or leg portions8,9,19of the stator1, where L describes the number of layers23ato23d.

FIG.9, by way of two arrows disposed above the upper table, shows a first circumferential direction27awhich, when viewed from the first end side7of the stator1, corresponds to the clockwise direction, and the second circumferential direction27bwhich, when viewed from the first end side7of the stator1, corresponds to the counterclockwise direction (see alsoFIG.1).FIG.9furthermore shows a groove numbering from 1 to 48 below the upper table. The upper table inFIG.9shows to which strand U, V, W a leg portion8,9,19disposed in a respective receptacle space belongs, whereby a direction of an electric current through the corresponding leg portion8,9,19is identified by the suffix “+” or “−”, respectively.

Furthermore, receptacle spaces for a leg portion19aof a first shaped terminal conductor18of a respective first current path115a, and for a leg portion19bof a first shaped terminal conductor18of a respective second current path115b, are marked with “+” in the upper table. The leg portions19a,19bare connected to the phase connection113. Moreover, receptacle spaces for a leg portion19cof a second shaped terminal conductor18of a respective first current path115a, and for a leg portion19dof a second shaped terminal conductor18of a respective second current path115bin terms of the series connection, are marked with “Y”. The leg portions19c,19dare connected to the star point114. The leg portions19ato19dare the outer leg portions of the current paths115a,115bin terms of the series connection.

As can be seen, the shaped conductors of each phase U, V, Ware disposed in 2·P=8 winding zones30which comprise in each case precisely q·L=8 receptacle spaces. Each winding zone30is subdivided into q=2 sub-winding zones31a,31b. In each winding zone30, the first sub-winding zone31afollows the second sub-winding zone31balong the first circumferential direction27a. Each sub-winding zone31a,31bextends over all four layers23ato23d. In the present exemplary embodiment, each sub-winding zone31a,31bby way of example is in exactly one groove3.

Between the receptacle spaces or the leg portions8,9,19, the head portions10are marked with dashed arrows and the connecting portions15,16with solid arrows.

The shaped conductors of a respective current path115a,115bform a combined lap and wave winding.

The illustration of the shaped conductors7and of the head portions for phase V is representative of the remaining phases U, W, in which the disposal of the shaped conductors7corresponds to that of phase V, except for a displacement of q=2 grooves3. The structure of the stator winding will be explained hereunder by means of phase V.

FIG.10is a detailed view of the winding diagram for phase V.

In the first current path15a, the leg portions8,9,19aof the first portion116a, i.e. those of the groups of the first type118a,118b, and the leg portions8,9of the third portion31c, i.e. those of the groups of the first type120a,120b, are in each case disposed in the first sub-winding zone116a. The leg portions8,9of the second portion116b, i.e. those of the groups of the second type119a-d, are disposed in the second sub-winding zone31b. In the second path115b, the leg portions8,9,19bof the first portion117a, i.e. those of the groups of the second type121a,121band the half-group of the first type122, and the leg portions8,9,19dof the third portion117c, i.e. the half-group of the second type124and the group of the second type125, are disposed in the first sub-winding zone31a. The leg portions8,9of the second portion117b, i.e. those of the groups of the third type123a-d, are in each case disposed in the second sub-winding zone31b. The leg portions19a,19bof the first shaped terminal conductor18of the first and the second path15a,15bare disposed in the same sub-winding zone31a, and the leg portions19c,19dof the second shaped terminal conductor18of the first and the second current path115a,115bare disposed in the same sub-winding zone31b. Here, the leg portions19a,19bare disposed in the first sub-winding zone31a, while the leg portions19c,19dare disposed in the second sub-winding zone31a.

The current paths115a,115bextend along different circumferential directions27a,27b. Here, the first current path115aextends along the first circumferential direction27aand the second current path115balong the second circumferential direction27b. Within a respective current path115a,115b, the first to third portions116a-c,117a-cextend along the same circumferential direction27a,27b.

In the strand V, the first to fourth shaped conductors7ato7bform a first shaped conductor assembly25a, in which the third shaped conductor7aand the fourth shaped conductor7bare wired in the first current path115a, and the first shaped conductor7aand the second shaped conductor7bare wired in the second current path115. Provided in the strand V is a second corresponding shaped conductor assembly25bin which the first shaped conductor7aand the second shaped conductor7bare wired in the first current path115a, and the third shaped conductor7cand the fourth shaped conductor7dare wired in the second current path115b. Accordingly, a first shaped conductor assembly25aand a second shaped conductor assembly25bare also provided in the other strands U, W.

FIG.11is a detailed illustration of the groups118a,118b,119a-d,120a,120b,121a,121b,123a-dand125and half-groups122,124of leg portions8,9,19according to the first exemplary embodiment.

The groups of the first type118a,118b,119a-d,120a,120bcomprise four consecutive leg portions8,9,19in terms of the series connection, which are separately designated and numbered with33a-d. Furthermore, three adjacent winding zones30are separately designated with30a-c. In the groups of the first type118a,118b,119a-d,120a,120b, a first leg portion33ais disposed in the fourth layer23dof one of the winding zones30a. A second leg portion33bis disposed in the third layer23cof a winding zone30bwhich along the first circumferential direction27ais adjacent to the winding zone30ain which the first leg portion33ais disposed. A third leg portion33cis disposed in the first layer23dof the winding zone30a, in which the first leg portion33ais disposed. A fourth leg portion33dis disposed in the second layer23bof the winding zone30b, in which the second shaped conductor33bis disposed.

The groups of the second type121a,121b,125 comprise four consecutive leg portions8,9,19in terms of the series connection, which are separately designated and numbered with34ato34d. Furthermore, four adjacent winding zones30are separately designated with30d-ginFIG.11. In the groups of the second type121a,121b,125, a first leg portion34ais disposed in the third layer23cof one of the winding zones30d. A second leg portion34bis disposed in the fourth layer23dof a winding zone30ewhich along the second circumferential direction27bis adjacent to the winding zone30din which the second leg portion34ais disposed. A third leg portion34cis disposed in the second layer23bof a winding zone30fwhich along the second circumferential direction27bis adjacent to the winding zone30ein which the second leg portion34bis disposed. A fourth leg portion34dis disposed in the first layer23aof a winding zone30gwhich along the second circumferential direction27bis adjacent to the winding zone30fin which the third leg portion34cis disposed.

The groups of the third type123a-dcomprise four consecutive leg portions in terms of the series connection, which are separately designated and numbered with35a-d. Furthermore, three adjacent winding zones30are separately designated with30hto30jinFIG.11. In the groups of the third type123a-d, a first leg portion35ais disposed in the second layer23bof one of the winding zones30h. A second leg portion35bis disposed in the first layer23aof a winding zone30iwhich along the second circumferential direction27bis adjacent to the winding zone30hin which the first leg portion35ais disposed. A third leg portion35cis disposed in the third layer23cof the winding zone30hin which the first leg portion35ais disposed. A fourth leg portion35dis disposed in the fourth layer23dof the winding zone30iin which the second leg portion35bis disposed.

The half-group of the first type122comprises two consecutive leg portions in terms of the series connection, which are separately designated and numbered with136a,136b. Furthermore, three adjacent winding zones30are separately designated with30pto30rinFIG.11. In the half-group of the first type122, a first leg portion136ais disposed in the third layer23cof one of the winding zones30p. A second leg portion136bis disposed in the fourth layer23dof a winding zone30qwhich along the second circumferential direction27bis adjacent to the winding zone30pin which the second leg portion136ais disposed.

The half-group of the second type124comprises two consecutive leg portions in terms of the series connection, which are separately designated and numbered with137a,137bFurthermore, inFIG.11, two adjacent winding zones30are separately designated with30s,30t. In the half-group of the second type124, a first leg portion137ais disposed in the second layer23bof one of the winding zones30s. A second leg portion137bis disposed in the first layer23aof a winding zone30twhich along the second circumferential direction27bis adjacent to the winding zone30sin which the first leg portion137ais disposed.

The first leg portion33aof such groups of the first type118b,119a-d,120a,120bwhich, in terms of the series connection, immediately follow a fourth leg portion33dof another of the groups of the first type118a,118b,119a-d,120a, is disposed in that winding zone30cthat along the first circumferential direction27afollows the winding zone30bin which the fourth leg portion33dis disposed.

The first leg portion34aof such groups of the second type121bwhich, in terms of the series connection, immediately follow a fourth leg portion34dof another of the groups of the second type121a, is disposed in that winding zone30fin which the third leg portion34cof the other group of the second type121ais disposed.

The first leg portion35aof that group of the third type123athat, in terms of the series connection, immediately follows the second leg portion136bof the half-group of the first type122, is disposed in that winding zone30rthat along the second circumferential direction27bfollows the winding zone30qin which the second leg portion136bof the half-group of the first type122is disposed.

The first leg portion137aof the half-group of the second type124is disposed in that winding zone30jthat along the second circumferential direction27bfollows the winding zone30iin which the fourth leg portion of the group of the third type123dis disposed.

The first leg portion34a(seeFIG.10) of that group of the second type125that, in terms of the series connection, immediately follows the second leg portion137bof the half-group of the second type124, is disposed in that winding zone30sin which the first leg portion137aof the half-group of the second type124is disposed.

FIG.12toFIG.17show a second exemplary embodiment of a stator1. The illustration inFIG.12corresponds to that inFIG.1, and the illustrations inFIG.13toFIG.17correspond to those inFIG.3toFIG.7. Unless otherwise mentioned hereunder, all embodiments pertaining to the first exemplary embodiment can be applied to the stator1according to the second exemplary embodiment. The same or equivalent components are provided with identical reference signs herein.

In the second exemplary embodiment, the outer portion13cruns at least in portions radially further outward than the outer portion13eof the head portion10eof the seventh shaped conductor7e, and than the outer portion13gof the head portion10gof the seventh shaped conductor7g. The outer portion13bruns at least partially radially further inward than the outer portion13d. The outer portion of the head portion13bat least partially covers the outer portion13awith respect to the end side4.

Moreover, in the second exemplary embodiment, the head portions10a,10b,10fof the first, the second and the sixth shaped conductor7a,7b,7fare identically shaped. Likewise, the head portions10dand10eof the fourth and the fifth shaped conductor7d,7eare identically shaped.

FIG.18is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle100having an exemplary embodiment of an electrical machine101.

The electrical machine101comprises a stator1according to one of the embodiments described above, and a rotor102which is mounted so as to be rotatable relative to the stator1. The electrical machine101is a permanently excited synchronous machine, a synchronous reluctance machine or an asynchronous machine/induction machine and is specified to drive the vehicle100. The vehicle100is a battery-electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.