Method of multicolor printing involving multiple passes through a printing machine

A method for multicolor printing, wherein stored information from the surface of a printing material obtained from an earlier pass of the printing material is applied to subsequent passes of the printing material through the printing machine, and wherein the image signals obtained by means of an image pickup device from at least one surface of the printed material are stored in a steering-or control device, and wherein the stored image signals are applied to subsequent passes of the printed material through the printing machine. The invention can be applied to other devices for producing printed images.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The invention relates to a multicolor printing method wherein a printed 
image on a printed material is attained with at least two passes. 
In the known multicolor printing of this art it is necessary to set the 
register devices such that the process is allowed to proceed so that the 
register and other adjustments affecting the printing quality in a second 
pass are adjusted to insure that the second printed image is in 
registration and in all other respects matches the first printed image. 
The matching is actually difficult and time consuming, since usually only 
few adjusting parameters from the first pass are saved, and therefore 
available for the following pass. As an example the storing and reuse of 
ink zone adjustments combined with job data on magnetic tape or on a 
diskette, may be mentioned. 
In order to attain precise registration in a second or later passes, there 
are usually only register marks and printing control strips to watch, 
while deviations that are present in the printed image are not considered, 
which may lead to quality losses. 
It is also known to inspect the entire surface of a printed material. The 
measuring signals from inspection devices are accordingly used only to 
influence the printing operation during the actual pass through the 
printing machine. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is the object of the invention to provide a method for multicolor 
printing wherein stored information obtained from the surface of the 
printed material in earlier passes through the printing machine is used to 
influence the operation during subsequent passes. 
It is another object of the invention to use, in a method for multicolor 
printing, information obtained from the surface of the printed material 
during earlier passes in subsequent passes through the machine. 
According to the invention, the solution to overcome the aforesaid problems 
and to attain the aforesaid object of the invention, is to store image 
signals obtained from at least one surface of the printed material in a 
steering-or control device, and to apply the stored image signals to the 
steering-or control of the printing operations in subsequent passes of the 
print through the printing machine. The invention makes it possible to 
influence, by means of image signals obtained from preceding passes, the 
adjustments of adjusting devices the inking of the surface of the printed 
material, so that to that end, subsequent passes are performed with high 
speed and high accuracy. Since the image signals for adjusting the image 
are taken from the entire surface of the printed material, the adjustments 
can be optimized for any desired areas of the image motive, which insures 
a high printing quality. 
An especially high printing quality may be attained if ink measuring values 
are obtained from defined measuring areas of the image surface and stored, 
and are used by steering or control of the printing process in subsequent 
passes. 
According to the invention, a method is provided for multi-color printing 
of a printed image on printed material in at least two passes through a 
printing machine, the printing machine having at least one image pickup 
device for generating image signals from at least one surface of the 
printed material, and a steering-or control device for steering-or 
controlling the method steps acting on the image forming process, the 
method which comprises: 
storing in the steering-or control device image signals picked up by the 
image pickup device in a first pass of the printed material through the 
printing machine, and applying the stored image signals from the first 
pass to the steering or control process in subsequent passes of the 
printed material through the printing machine. 
A method for multicolor printing of a printed image on printed material in 
at least two passes through a printing machine, the printing machine 
having at least one image pickup device for generating image signals from 
at least one surface of the printed material, and a steering-or control 
device for steering or controlling the method steps acting on the image 
forming process, the method which comprises: 
obtaining from the image signals ink coverage values from defined measuring 
areas on the surface of the printed material; 
storing the image signals in the steering-or control device; and 
applying the stored ink coverage values to process steps of at least one 
subsequent pass of the printed material through the printing machine. 
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are 
set forth in the following description: 
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a 
method for multicolor printing, it is nevertheless not intended to be 
limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural 
changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the 
invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims. 
The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, 
together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best 
understood from the following description of specific embodiments when 
read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The following is a more detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of 
the invention. 
The machine according to FIG. 1 is arranged to produce four color prints in 
two passes by means of a two color printing machine. As the printing 
machine is connected with a steering-or control device for controlling the 
inking, the ink-adjusting elements and the dampening-adjusting elements 
are pre-adjusted in accordance with available data. After start of the 
printing machine the ink-adjusting elements and the dampening-adjusting 
elements are adjusted so that the continuous printing state is attained as 
soon as possible. 
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary printing machine as contemplated 
for performing the method according to the invention. The printing machine 
is composed of feeder 2 for feeding printing material into a printing 
machine having a first printing unit 3, and a second printing unit 4 
followed by an image pickup station 5, and a sheet stacker 8. The feeder 2 
feeds printing material, e.g. in the form of sheets 1 or a paper web or 
the like through the printing machine by means of a conveying arrangement, 
not shown in detail, since such arrangements are conventional and well 
known, but symbolized by a conveying roller 6 driven by a motor 7, which 
may be the drive motor for the entire printing machine. 
A partially printed sheet 1' is emerging from the last printing unit 4 
following a sheet 1 in the image pickup station 5. The image pickup 
station 5 includes an image pickup device 9, which scans the partially 
printed image and forms on the basis of the scan an electronic image on 
its internal image screen, in a manner well known from image scanning 
devices, as used, for example, in video recorders and the like. The image 
pickup device 9 is connected via data lead 11 to a scanner control circuit 
12, which controls the scanning beam in the pickup device 9, and transmits 
the image details of the printed image, including the edges of the printed 
material and the edges of the image, and any control and/or register marks 
that may be printed on the margins of the printed sheet in well known 
manner. The image information is transmitted to a steering and control 
device 14 via a data line 13. As a result of the scanning the steering-or 
control device 14 contains all color information embedded in the 
particular printed image and also the precise position information of the 
printed two color image as it is positioned on the sheets or web in 
relation to the edges of the sheet or web, including register marks and/or 
color test marks. 
During a first partial printing with, for example, two first color inks F1 
and F2, the steering-or control device 14 monitors the precise position 
information from the first printed sheet, and adjusts the position of each 
subsequent sheet so that its position is precisely aligned with the first 
sheet, in other words, so that all sheets are in perfect register. 
Registration is performed by means of two conventional register controls 
20, 19 that each controls a respective printing unit 4 and 3 via 
respective control lines 21, 22. It should be understood that position 
information is determined for each color printed in the respective 
printing units 3 and 4. To that end the electronic image color information 
presented to the steering-or control device 14 is dissolved into its 
spectral components by well-known electronic imaging means, wherein the 
image position information is separated into the respective ink colors of 
the partially printed image. The steering-or control device 14 responds to 
the position information for the two images in colors F1 and F2, and 
operates on register control devices 20, 19 so that the two color images 
from printing units 3 and 4 are maintained in precise registration during 
the entire first printing run. 
In a second pass all partially printed sheets are moved from stacker 8 to 
sheet feeder 2 to be printed with colors F3 and F4 in a second pass. As in 
the first pass each printed sheet again passes through the image pickup 
station 5 and again the printed image for colors F3 and F4 is dissolved 
into their respective spectral components and the position information for 
each image is determined. If the position information for colors F3 and F4 
deviates from that of the first printed images in colors F1 and F2, the 
differences in position information is determined by steering- or control 
device 14 and is transmitted to register controls 20, 19 via data leads 16 
and 17, which operate to move the images of colors F3, F4 into the precise 
positions stored in the steering-or control device 14 of the previously 
printed images in colors F1 and F2, the position information of which was 
retained in memory in the steering-or control device 14. 
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the steering-or control device 14, which is 
advantageously structured as an electronic computer. As such structured 
the steering-or control circuit 14 has a central processing unit CPU of 
conventional construction, such as, for example, a CPU circuit known as a 
40 386 circuit from Intel Corporation or a M6800 circuit from Motorala 
Corporation. These circuits are well known and documented in application 
information available from aforesaid firms. In FIG. 2, the CPU 23 is 
connected via a data bus 29 to a memory circuit 18, which includes memory 
section 18a, which holds operating programs as required for the CPU 28 to 
perform the functions described above, section 18b which holds data 
information such as image position and color data for each color F1, F2, 
F3 and F4, and section 18c, which holds the computational program 
instructions for performing position and color correction programs, and 
other programs as required for processing position and color information 
received from scanner circuit 12. 
The steering-or control circuit 14 further includes interface circuits 29 
for interfacing with scanner 12 via data line 13, interface circuit 31 for 
interfacing via data line 16 with register control 20 for printing unit 4, 
interface 32 for interfacing with register control 19 for printing unit 3 
via data line 17, and an operator console interface 33 for an operator 
system 20a. 
The operator system 20a is structured as a conventional work station 
computer PC 27 combined with a monitor display 24, a keyboard 26, and a 
CPU 27. The CPU 27 is connected with the steering-or control circuit 14 
via a data bus, e.g. in the form of a conventional LAN (Local Area 
Network) bus 30, and the components of the work station 20 are 
interconnected by an internal data bus 25. 
The functions of setting the ink controls of the printing machine are shown 
in the flowchart of FIG. 3. 
As seen from the flowchart of FIG. 3 in the first step 1 the ink-adjusting 
elements and the dampening-adjusting elements, are set to area 
coordinate-dependent nominal values for the four ink colors (F1+F2+F3+F4) 
to be printed on atop of each other, and stored as ink coverage values in 
the steering-or control device 14 to be used as beginning values. The plus 
signs between the color capital letters are to be understood to mean the 
four-colors are to be printed in registration on top of each other. 
From these nominal values the nominal values for the colors (F1+F2) to be 
printed in the first pass are selected, as shown in step 2. In step 3 
two-color prints are produced in printing units 3 and 4, and a printed 
sheet appears at the exit of the second printing unit 4. Next the sheet 
with colors F1, F2 is scanned and measured by means of an image pickup 
device in step 4, as measured ink coverage values for ink colors F1+F2. In 
step 5, from the ink coverage values in the image, actual area 
coordinate-dependent ink coverage values are determined. 
In step 6 the actual area coordinate-dependent ink coverage values 
determined in step 5 are stored as actual values in the steering-or 
control device 14. In step 7 the stored actual values are compared with 
the nominal values in step 2 and control settings for the respective 
ink-adjusting elements and the difference between the actual and nominal 
values for the dampening-adjusting elements are computed in the 
steering-or control device 14 as settings. These settings are forwarded to 
the respective ink-adjusting elements and dampening-adjusting elements, 
resulting i the operation shown in step 3, namely the printing of colors 
F1 and F2. 
The printing in the second pass of colors (F3+F4) proceeds from step 1, in 
similar manner as shown above for colors F1 and F2. In step 8 nominal 
values for colors F3 and F4, to be printed, are selected from the nominal 
values for colors (F1+F2+F3+F4) in step 1. In next step 9, the sheet is 
again printed in a second pass with the nominal colors (F3+F4). In next 
step 10 the sheet is again inspected and scanned by means of the above 
described image pickup device 9. In step 11 the image signals from the 
image pickup device are analyzed to determine the actual area 
coordinate-dependent ink coverage values for colors (F1+F2+F3+F4). These 
values are stored, as in the first pass, in step 12 as actual ink coverage 
values. In step 13, in the steering-or control device the stored actual 
values from steps 6 and 12 are compared with the stored nominal values 
from steps 1 and 8, and setting values for the ink-adjusting elements and 
for the dampening-adjusting elements are computed and used for printing 
the sheet in step 9. In the computation for the setting values for the 
second pass only the differences from the ink coverage values for the 
first pass are used. 
In addition to the color printing steps according to FIG. 3, in the first 
pass image position information is determined by the steering- or control 
device 14 from the image information attained with the image pickup 
device. Any position deviation between images F1, F2 is computed by the 
steering- or control device 14. In case of deviations, the images F1, F2 
are position adjusted so as to be in perfect registration, and the 
corresponding position information is stored in memory 18 in the image 
position section 18b. In the second pass, when the first sheet 1 appears 
in the image pickup station, the printed image is again dissolved into its 
spectral components colors, and the position information for colors F3, F4 
is determined as before for colors F1, F2. If any position deviation is 
determined, the deviations are transmitted to register controls 20, and 
19, which operate to reset the registers such as to eliminate the 
deviations, and the next printed sheets will emerge printed in perfect 
registration. During each pass the image pickup device with the scanner 12 
and the steering- or control device 14 continues to monitor each image for 
proper registrations, and in case the register deviations occur during the 
printing corrections are quickly implemented or a machine operator is 
alerted by means of the operator console 20, so that correction can be 
made manually by the operator. 
In order to facilitate determination of the position information for each 
color, it is advantageously provided that register marks in all printing 
colors are printed on the printed sheets outside the image area. The 
register marks are advantageously printed in different colors, and are 
spatially separated by colors on the sheet.