Mowing vehicle control system

A control system for a riding turf mower. The control system incorporates an interlock system capable of controlling the cutting operation of the mower when traveling in a reverse direction. In a preferred embodiment the present invention includes a riding lawn mower having a prime mover, a transmission for transmitting power from the prime mover to a driving wheel to propel the mower in forward and rearward modes, a cutting deck with a rotating cutting blade wherein the cutting blade has a first condition where the blade rotates and a second condition where the blade is stopped, and an interlock system having an override switch wherein the cutting blade will not rotate when the mower is rearwardly propelled unless the override switch is activated subsequent to a first change in conditions from the first condition to the second condition and wherein a second change in conditions from the first condition to the second condition deactivates the override switch preventing rotation of the cutting blade when the mower is rearwardly propelled until the override switch is again activated.

THE FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates generally to turf mowers having a cutting 
unit for cutting vegetation, and more particularly to a turf mower control 
system for disabling the cutting unit of the turf mower if the mower is 
placed in a reverse direction condition, and still more particularly to an 
override switch system for establishing an override condition for 
preventing the disablement of the cutting units if the mower is placed in 
a reverse direction condition. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Turf mowers are well known machines used for cutting grass and other 
vegetation. Such a machine may include a tractor vehicle and a 
tractor-mounted cutting unit which can driven by the engine of the tractor 
through a drive train. The drive wheels of the tractor are driven by the 
tractor engine by way of a transmission which includes a manually operated 
control. 
While various interlock mechanisms and control systems for turf mowers are 
known, the combined features of and benefits derived from the present 
invention are not illustrated or taught by those prior inventions. For 
example, interlock mechanisms are known which prevent operation of the 
cutting unit during reverse travel of the tractor. Interlock approaches 
may include mechanical systems, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 
3,984,967, or electro-mechanical systems, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. 
Nos. 5,601,512 and 5,314,038. Similarly, other inventions disclose 
override control systems which allow selective operation of mowing 
machines under certain circumstances. Such override control systems 
include "supervisor-switched" systems which may include a switch with a 
removable key to limit the override decision-making to one or more 
individual, who may not be the machine operator. A supervisor-switched 
control system for turf mowers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,497,604 to 
Lonn, and assigned to The Toro Company, assignee herein. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is a control system for a mowing vehicle for 
disablement of an associated cutting unit under certain operating 
conditions, namely, operating the vehicle in reverse. Power transfer to 
the cutting unit may be through an electric PTO (power-take-off) clutch or 
a direct mechanical coupling (gears, belts, etc.) between the engine and 
the cutting unit. Disablement of the cutting unit may be accomplished 
either by deactivating an electric PTO clutch or by deactivating the 
engine of the vehicle. The present invention further includes an override 
feature which restricts the reverse-direction disablement of the cutting 
unit. The override system may be responsive to the PTO switch of the 
vehicle so that the override feature is available only after the PTO has 
been activated and remains available only until the PTO is deactivated. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved interlock 
and override control system for a mowing vehicle. It is another object to 
provide such a circuit for a vehicle with a PTO or similar drive. It is 
still another object to provide selective PTO operation in reverse under 
limited conditions. These and other objects, features and advantages of 
the present invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art upon 
analysis of the following detailed description in view of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring first to FIG. 1, a lawn mowing vehicle 10 is shown in perspective 
view. Lawn mower generally includes a frame assembly 12 having a body 
assembly 14 and an operator seat 16. A powered implement is carried by the 
lawn mower 10 and may include a cutting unit 18 having a cutting deck 20 
enclosing one or more rotatable cutting blades 22. Tractive and 
directional operation of the vehicle 10 is controlled by the operator by 
hand controls, foot controls, and a steering wheel 24. The body assembly 
14 includes a front housing 26 enclosing an engine 28 which provides power 
for tractive and cutting unit 18 operation. The engine 28, defined herein 
to include a prime mover of fuel or electric operation, may be a gas 
powered engine activated through an ignition switch 36 having a removable 
key 37. Encouplement of the engine 28 to drive wheels 30 and to the 
cutting unit 18 may be accomplished in a variety of manners as appreciated 
by those skilled in the art, and may include a transmission, belts, 
pulleys, gears, power-take-off (PTO) systems, etc. The power transfer for 
the cutting unit 18 operation may be selectively activated by the operator 
through a PTO switch 54, for example. PTO switch 54 may be a PTO status 
switch indicating power to the cutting unit 18 or a switch for an electric 
PTO clutch. An override condition (as explained more fully hereinafter) 
may be selectively activated by a switch 34 with a removable key to permit 
cutting operations while traveling in reverse. Although illustrated and 
described herein as it applies to a particular lawn mowing vehicle, the 
present invention may find applicability to a variety of lawn mowing 
vehicles with variants between the vehicles including, engine type and 
position relative to the vehicle, transmission type and position, cutting 
unit 18 type and position, etc. 
Operating conditions of the vehicle 10 include forward motion, neutral, 
reverse motion and cutting unit 18 activation and deactivation. Referring 
now to FIG. 2, a state diagram illustrates the operational states of the 
mowing vehicle 10 according to the present invention (the relevance of 
such a state diagram readily appreciated by one skilled in the art of 
software design to facilitate the implementation of the control system 40 
in software). Each mutually exclusive state includes a combination of 
vehicle 10 conditions of the engine 28, the cutting unit 18, and the 
traveling direction. Condition states for the engine 28 are an engine 
operating condition and an engine non-operating condition. Condition 
states for the cutting unit 18 are a cutting unit activated or first 
condition and a cutting unit deactivated or second condition. Similarly, 
condition states for the mower 10 direction of movement are forward, 
neutral and reverse condition. As an example, the mowing vehicle 10 is 
said to be in operational state 1 (arbitrarily chosen) when the engine 28 
is operating, the vehicle 10 is in forward motion (as controlled by the 
gear selector, etc.), and the cutting unit 18 is engaged. Similarly, the 
mowing vehicle 10 is in operational state 2 when the engine 28 is 
operating, the vehicle 10 is in forward motion, and the cutting unit 18 is 
disengaged. State 3 requires that the vehicle 10 be in neutral, with the 
engine 28 operating and the cutting unit 18 disengaged. States 4-7 are of 
particular relevance to the control system 40 of the present invention and 
are described more fully hereinafter. Movement between states occurs when 
one of the underlying conditions changes. For simplicity sake, and only 
for exemplary purposes, condition changes occur separately in time 
(meaning the operator changes direction or activates the cutting unit 18 
at distinct times, and not at the same time). 
State 4 requires that the engine 28 be operating, the cutting unit 18 be 
engaged, and the direction condition be neutral. The mowing vehicle 10 may 
be in state 4 just prior to reversing direction of the vehicle. To assist 
in understanding the control system 40 of the present invention, state 4 
may be referred to as the "first-state," while states 5, 6, 7 are referred 
to as "next-states." State 5 is the engine 28 non-operating state, state 6 
is the engine 28 operating, cutting unit 18 engaged, and reverse direction 
state, and state 7 is the engine 28 activated, cutting unit 18 disengaged, 
and reverse direction state. When the vehicle 10 is in state 4 and under a 
non-override condition (as controlled by the override system as described 
hereinafter) and the operator shifts from neutral to reverse direction, 
the control system 40 dictates that the next state will be either the 
engine 28 non-operating state 5, or the cutting unit 18 disengaged state 
7, both states 5 and 7 preventing further operation of the cutting unit 18 
while in the reverse direction. On the other hand, with the vehicle 10 in 
state 4 and under an override condition, the next state upon the operator 
shifting from neutral to reverse will be the cutting unit 18 engaged state 
6 which permits the cutting unit 18 to remain engaged so that the vehicle 
10 may mow in reverse. 
Similarly, state 7 may be referred to as another "first-state" with states 
4, 5, 6 as next states. The vehicle 10 is in state 7 when traveling in 
reverse travel with the cutting unit 18 disengaged. When the vehicle 10 is 
in state 7 and the operator then engages the cutting unit 18 under a 
non-override condition, the next state will either be state 5 or state 7 
(neither state engaging the cutting unit 18 to mow). On the other hand, 
under an override condition with the vehicle 10 in state 7, the next state 
upon the operator activating the cutting unit 18 will be state 6 which 
permits the operation of the cutting unit 18 while traveling in reverse. 
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, a first embodiment of the control system 40 
of the present invention is detailed in schematic view. Control system 40 
includes a power terminal (B+) 42, a ground terminal 44, a magneto 
terminal 46, a starter enable terminal 48, and an interlock circuits 
terminal 50. Control system 40 further includes a control module 52, a PTO 
status switch 54, an override switch 56, and a reverse switch 58. 
This first embodiment of the control system 40 of FIGS. 3 and 4 is an 
"engine-kill" version, and as one skilled in the art will appreciate, the 
magneto terminal 46 can be coupled to ground 44 to deactivate an operating 
engine 28. The magneto terminal 46 is selectively coupled to ground 44 
through a kill relay switch 60 to deactivate the engine 28; an energized 
kill relay 60 permits engine 28 operation, while a de-energized kill relay 
60 couples the magneto terminal 46 to ground 44 (as shown) to deactivate 
the engine 28. As an aside, it is appreciated that the magneto terminal 46 
for a different ignition control system (not shown) may be energized to 
run rather than grounded to kill as described herein. The kill relay 60 is 
energized in response to the interlock circuit terminal 50 and a control 
module voltage 52 condition at terminal X. More particularly, the kill 
relay 60 is energized when a current path exists from the interlock 
circuit terminal 50 through the kill relay 60 and through a control module 
52 first relay switch 62 to ground 44. Interlock circuit terminal 50 is 
responsive to additional features of the vehicle 10, such as an operator 
seat switch, a neutral switch, PTO status switch 54, seat belt switch, 
etc., and is at an operational voltage upon satisfaction of external 
conditions such as the operator being seated, the vehicle 10 is in 
neutral, PTO disengaged, etc. The starter enable terminal 48, through an 
activated kill relay 60, provides a ground path to the starter circuit 
(not shown) of the vehicle 10 to activate the engine 28. PTO switch status 
54 includes an on position and an off position, corresponding to engaging 
and disengaging the cutting unit 18 of the vehicle 10 through known 
mechanisms (not shown). FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrates the PTO status switch 54 
in its off position. Reverse switch 58 selectively creates a current path 
between the PTO status switch 54 (in the off position) and ground 44 in 
response to the operator placing the vehicle 10 in forward and neutral. 
Reverse switch 58 is opened in response to the operator placing the 
vehicle 10 in reverse. Override switch 56, which may be a momentary 
contact switch having an override state, selectively creates a current 
path between the PTO status switch 54 (in the on position) and ground 44 
in response to the operator actuating the override switch 56. Override 
switch 56 may be a switch with a removable key 57 to establish the current 
path. In this manner, override switch 56 may be referred to as a 
"supervisor switch," since the key 57 may be removed to prevent vehicle 10 
operation in the override condition. The key 57 may be the same cut as the 
ignition key 37, but must be separate as the ignition key 37 cannot be 
removed during engine 28 operation. An override lamp 59, connected between 
the override switch 56 and ground 44, is activated to indicate an override 
condition when the PTO status switch 54 is in the ON position and the 
override switch 56 has been contacted. 
Referring to FIG. 4, the control system 40 includes the control module 52 
which is operatively coupled to the PTO status switch 54, the override 
switch 56, the reverse switch 58, and the kill relay 60. Control module 52 
includes a first relay switch 62 and a second relay switch 64 each which 
having a terminal `T` to ground 44 and each relay switch 62, 64 being 
energized upon a higher voltage being present at respective coil terminals 
X and W. For the first relay switch 62, a higher voltage (with respect to 
ground) at terminal R activates the relay 62 to create a current path for 
the kill relay 60 circuit, while for the second relay switch 64, a higher 
voltage at terminal W activates the second relay 64. Second relay switch 
64 may operate as a latching relay, as once the second relay 64 is 
activated by terminal W being high, current may flow through terminal S 
and circulate to maintain the second relay 64 in an activated state. 
Control module 52 further includes diodes 66 to limit current flow 
direction. 
The operation of the control system 40 of FIGS. 3 and 4 will now be 
described. To start the mowing vehicle 10, kill relay 60 must be activated 
to create a current path between the starter enable terminal 48 and ground 
44. Kill relay 60 is activated upon interlock terminal 50 being at a 
higher voltage than ground 44 and the first relay switch 62 of the control 
module 52 being activated to create a current path between the kill relay 
terminal P and ground 44. Interlock terminal 50 is at a higher voltage 
when the interlock features of the machine are satisfied. The interlock 
features may include operator presence in the seat, machine in neutral, 
PTO disengaged, etc. First relay switch 62 of the control module is 
activated when the PTO status switch 54 is in the off position. Engine 28 
may be started by an electric starter controlled by the ignition switch 
36. 
Once the engine 28 has been started, engine 28 operation will continue so 
long as the kill relay 60 remains activated. Again, kill relay 60 remains 
activated so long as interlock terminal 50 is at a higher voltage than 
ground 44 and the first relay switch 62 of the control module 52 is 
activated to create a current path between the kill relay 60 terminal P 
and ground 44. First relay switch 62 of the control module 52 is activated 
if any one of the following conditions are met: the PTO status switch 54 
is in the OFF position (no mow), or the PTO status switch 54 is in the ON 
position and either the reverse switch 58 remains closed (vehicle 10 is in 
neutral or forward gear) or the override switch 56 has been actuated after 
the PTO switch 54 is placed in the ON position. 
Cutting operations may commence after the user selectively actuates the PTO 
status switch 54 to engage the cutting unit 18. At this point, two modes 
of vehicle 10 operation may then be entered. The first, a non-override 
mode, permits the cutting unit 18 to remain engaged so long as the vehicle 
10 remains in a forward gear (state 1) or in neutral (state 4). If the 
vehicle 10 is under the non-override mode of operation and is then placed 
in reverse, the engine 28 and cutting unit 18 will be deactivated by 
operation of the control system 40 (state 5). Additionally a second mode, 
an override mode of operation, permits the cutting unit 18 to remain 
engaged even after the vehicle 10 is placed in a reverse direction 
condition (state 6). The override mode of operation thus permits mowing 
while the machine 10 is traveling in reverse. The override mode may be 
entered by actuating the override switch 56 through its removable key 57. 
(In this preferred embodiment, the override mode may be entered only after 
the PTO has been engaged, though alternative implementations may provide 
entry in to the override mode by activating the override switch 56 and 
then activating the PTO switch 54.) This causes the second relay switch 64 
of the control module 52 to latch in an active state providing a current 
path between terminal S and ground 44. At this point, since the current 
path exists between terminal B+, S, R, and ground 44, the first relay 
switch 62 remains activated independent of the status of the reverse 
switch 58. Thus, both the first relay switch 62 and second relay switch 64 
remain activated by the "self-feeding" or latching nature of the second 
relay switch 64. It is readily appreciated that the current path is 
dependent on the PTO switch 54 being in the ON position and as a result, 
once the PTO switch 54 is returned to the OFF position, the override 
condition is removed (the control system 40 is `reset` to the non-override 
condition where, as described above, the next time the cutting unit 18 is 
engaged, the control system 40 will deactivate the engine 28 upon the 
vehicle 10 being placed in reverse). 
Now referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, a second embodiment of a control system 40 
according to the present invention is illustrated as a schematic of an 
electrical system for a mowing machine 10. The electrical system includes 
an ignition switch 36, an interlock relay 72, a start relay 74, a seat 
switch 76, a brake switch 78, a PTO switch 80, a control module 82, a 
reverse switch 84, an override switch 86, a kill relay 88, and a PTO 
clutch 90. PTO switch 80 is user actuatable and includes a PTO ON and PTO 
OFF position. PTO switch 80 is shown in the OFF position in FIGS. 5 and 6. 
The PTO clutch 90 operatively couples the engine 28 to the cutting unit 18 
when terminal P is at a higher voltage relative to ground. In this 
embodiment, rather than disengage the cutting unit 18 by deactivating the 
engine 28 of the mowing vehicle 10 as in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, 
the cutting unit 18 is deactivated by operation of the electric PTO clutch 
90. 
Referring more particularly to FIG. 6 which depicts an enlarged portion of 
the system of FIG. 5, the control system 40 and control module 82 and 
associated switching may be described. PTO switch 80 includes terminals H, 
I, P, and J. When the PTO switch 80 is in the OFF position (as illustrated 
in FIG. 6) the terminals I and H are electrically coupled and when PTO 
switch 80 is in the ON position, the terminals I, P, and J are coupled. 
Control module 82 includes terminal H coupled to vehicle 10 system high 
voltage B+, terminals I and J coupled to the PTO switch 80, terminal K 
coupled to the reverse switch 84, terminal L coupled to the override 
switch 86, and terminal M coupled to ground. Control module 82 includes a 
first relay switch 92 for establishing a current path between terminals H 
and I in response to relative voltages present at terminals I and K. 
Control module 82 includes a second relay switch 94 for establishing a 
current path between terminals L and M in response to relative voltages 
present at the terminals J and L. An override indicator light 59 is 
activated when in override mode. 
Still referring to FIG. 6, the operation of a mowing vehicle 10 may now be 
described. The engine 28 can be started upon satisfaction of conditions 
such as required in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, for example: PTO 
switch 80 in the OFF position, vehicle 10 in neutral, operator seated, 
etc. Engine 28 may be started by an electric starter (not shown) which is 
activated by a ignition switch 36 with a removable key 37. Once the 
ignition switch 36 has been turned on, the first relay switch 92 of the 
control module 82 is immediately activated to provide a current path 
between terminals H and I. The PTO switch 80 for engaging the cutting unit 
18 may then be activated. The current path (from terminal H to terminal I) 
forms a portion of the current loop for the PTO clutch 90 when the PTO 
switch 80 is moved into the ON position. The PTO clutch 90 is activated 
when current flows through path B+-H-I-P- Ground. The PTO clutch 90 is 
deactivated upon any break in this current path. The control module 82 
breaks the current path by removing terminal K of the first relay switch 
92 from system ground when the reverse switch 84 is opened in a 
non-override condition. In other words, terminal K remains at ground 
potential (PTO clutch 90 active) so long as reverse switch 84 remains 
closed (vehicle 10 not in reverse) or the second relay switch 94 of 
control module 82 is activated by current flowing along path B+-I-J-L-M- 
Ground (in override mode). 
In this preferred embodiment, the override mode of operation is available 
only after the PTO switch 80 transitions from its OFF position to its ON 
position. Alternatively, a system may be implemented which permits 
override operation upon activating the override switch 86 and then 
activating the PTO. The override switch 86 momentarily couples terminal L 
of the control module 82 to ground which results in the second relay 
switch 94 of the control module 82 being activated to electrically couple 
terminals L and M of the control module 82. In this manner, during 
override mode of operation, the terminals K and L are maintained at system 
ground irrespective of the reverse switch 84 condition thus permitting 
mowing while traveling reverse. Once the PTO switch 80 is switched back to 
its OFF position, the override mode is released by the deenegization of 
the second relay switch 94 of the control module 82. As a result, the 
vehicle 10 in the non-override mode is prevented from cutting unit 18 
engagement during reverse travel, while in the override mode reverse 
mowing is permitted. Override mode is controlled by the override switch 86 
through removable key 57 and override mode is entered only after the PTO 
switch 80 transitions from OFF to ON and the override switch 86 is then 
contacted. The override mode is automatically reset by operation of the 
control module 82 upon the PTO switch 80 returning to its OFF position. 
Thus, rather than a continuous override mode being available by operation 
of the override switch 86, a more limited override period is implemented 
which is responsive to the PTO switch 80 cycle. 
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although the 
present invention has been illustrated with discrete electrical component 
systems, it may also be implemented with a software-based control system. 
Further, it is understood that even though numerous characteristics and 
advantages of the present invention have been disclosed in the foregoing 
description, the disclosure is illustrative only and changes may be made 
in detail, especially in the vehicle and powered implement configurations 
(reels, front-mount mowers, tillers, etc.). Other modifications and 
alterations are within the knowledge of those skilled in the art and are 
to be included within the scope of the appended claims.