Synthetic hectorite coated flexible film

A novel two-part coating composition and method for its production are disclosed. The novel coating composition comprises one part including a synthetic hectorite clay and a peptizer such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The other comprises a hydrophilic air curable epoxy resin. Films and food pouches made from said film are also disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to synthetic hectorite coated films. More 
particularly, this invention relates to a coating composition, especially 
a two-component coating composition, for coating plastic film, wherein the 
coating comprises synthetic hectorite of a particular type and an air 
curable hydrophilic epoxy ester binder so as to obtain a coating which can 
be applied to a plastic substrate, thereby enhancing one or more 
properties especially the antistatic properties. 
2. Description of Related Art 
Synthetic hectorite, commercially available as Laponite from Southern Clay 
Products, Inc., a subsidiary of Laporte Industries Ltd., has been widely 
used for a wide variety of purposes including its use for imparting 
antistatic properties to various materials. 
One field where antistatic properties are desireable is in the use of 
packaging films, particularly packaging films formed from plastic 
materials. Films of this type are extremely well known in the art and 
include a wide variety of polyolefin films, in particular polypropylene 
and polyethylene films, as well as other plastic films such as polystyrene 
films, polyester films, polycarbonate films, polyamide films, and 
fluoropolymer films. 
There have been two general procedures which have been employed in the art 
in order to impart antistatic properties to various plastics, the first 
being the inclusion of various inorganic minerals, including hectorite, 
into the plastic prior to forming it into a film. The second approach has 
been to coat plastic films with a coating composition containing various 
inorganic materials, including synthetic hectorite. 
There have been many problems associated with coating films in order to 
provide a protective layer which has desirable properties and certain of 
these disadvantages are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,588. As is 
disclosed in this patent, protective layers containing inorganic 
substances can have insufficient covering properties and the surface of 
the layer can become rough and/or the coating can flake off during use. 
One approach towards solving these problems is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 
4,786,588 in that the inorganic material which is used is modified by 
treating it with various ions, etc. 
A second approach taken in the prior art is disclosed in Japanese 
publication H3-169540 wherein the plastic films are coated with Laponite 
and various non-epoxy water-soluble binders and adhesion and other 
desirable properties are alleged to be improved by the inclusion of 
kaolin. The Japanese publication teaches that without the addition of 
kaolin, adequate materials are not prepared. 
A third approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,048 wherein certain 
fractions, i.e., neighborite is removed from synthetic hectorite before 
use thereof as a coating with a non-epoxy binder. 
The use of synthetic hectorite as a coating for paper is disclosed in U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,173,480. According to this patent, photographic sheet material 
is prepared by sizing paper with gelatin, starch or 
carboxymethylcellulose, a synthetic hectorite clay, specifically Laponite 
S, and a polymeric film is overlaid onto the paper. 
There is a continuing need to provide an improved coating for plastic films 
exhibiting improved properties, particularly antistatic properties without 
impairing other important properties such as blocking and transparency, 
and wherein the coating firmly adheres to the film and does not separate 
or flake off during or after processing. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It has now been found that a coating composition comprising synthetic 
hectorite of a specific type, with a suitable peptizer such as tetrasodium 
pyrophosphate, can be admixed or compounded with an air curable, 
hydrophilic epoxy ester binder, and thereafter coated on a plastic film, 
such as a polyolefin or polyester film, in order to obtain a product of 
improved properties. 
It has been found that the use of a specific type of epoxy, namely air 
curable, hydrophilic epoxy esters, enables the successful coating of 
plastic films particularly suitable for packaging material. The epoxy 
ester used in the composition of this invention is substantially odorless 
and has low volatility, and therefore is advantageous as compared to other 
epoxy resins particularly those cured with amines or phenols. 
1. Synthetic Hectorite 
The synthetic hectorite which is employed in the novel process and coating 
composition of this invention is critical. As is known, hectorite is a 
natural swelling clay useful as a flow control agent in a wide variety of 
applications. Natural hectorite is relatively rare and occurs contaminated 
with other minerals such as dolomite and quartz which are difficult and 
expensive to remove. 
Synthetic hectorite was synthesized in the early 1960's and is commercially 
marketed under the tradename Laponite by Laporte Industries, Ltd., through 
its subsidiary, Southern Clay Products, Inc. 
It is to be immediately understood that there are many grades of Laponite 
which are marketed and not all of them are operable in the novel process 
of this invention. At the outset, it is necessary that the Laponite B and 
Laponite S which contain fluoride ions (the fluoride ions replace a 
portion of the hydroxyl ions) of approximately 5% by weight. These 
materials are sometimes referred to as sodium magnesium lithium 
fluorosilicates. 
On the other hand synthetic hectorites, such as Laponite RD, that do not 
contain any fluoride ions are not operable in the novel process of this 
invention. 
Additionally, a peptizer is included in the formulation of the coating 
composition. These peptizers include polyvalent phosphates, such as 
hexametaphosphates (e.g., calgon), and pyrophosphates (e.g., tetrasodium 
pyrophosphate). 
It is to be understood that there are certain grades of Laponite to which a 
peptizer (e.g., tetrasodium pyroposphate) has been added by the supplier 
of the clay. Thus Laponite S contains about 6% by weight tetrasodium 
pyrophosphate. 
In the novel process of this invention, it is crucial that the synthetic 
hectorite be a sodium magnesium lithium fluorosilicate, i.e., it must 
contain fluoride ions such as in the products previously set forth, and in 
order to maintain the hectorite in aqueous dispersion, a suitable peptizer 
is used. If said fluorosilicate synthetic hectorite, as purchased, does 
not contain a peptizer, then such is added during the formulation, as 
explained below. 
2. The Epoxy Ester Binder 
The second criticality in the novel process of this invention is with 
regard to the epoxy ester binder. 
The art is replete with examples of epoxy resins, most notably an epoxy 
derived from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, useful as binders for a wide 
variety of materials, but the simple fact remains that the improved 
results of the invention have been obtained when utilizing an epoxy ester 
which is hydrophilic and air curable. Moreover, the epoxy ester is 
advantageous in that it is substantially odorless and has low volatility. 
The expression "hydrophilic" is intended to include epoxy esters which are 
either water soluble or water dispersible. 
The air curable hydrophilic epoxy ester is an ester of an epoxy resin 
modified with a drying oil fatty acid. It is usually prepared as a 
solution comprising the reaction product of (A) from about 50% to about 
65% by weight (based upon the total weight of (A) and (B)) of an epoxy 
resin ester of a partially conjugated unsaturated fatty acid and (B) from 
about 50% to about 35% by weight (based upon the total weight of (A) and 
(B)) of a blend of reactive monomer possessing reactive double bonds, at 
least one of which must be an unsaturated mono-basic acid in the presence 
of (II) an alcohol either of a glycol and subsequently reacted with (III) 
an amine and then (IV) dispersed in water, wherein component (A) is the 
reaction product of 2,2,bis(hydroxy phenyl)dimethyl methane and 
epichlorohydrin and has a melting point from about 130 F. to about 230 F. 
and an epoxide equivalent weight within the range from about 400 to about 
1100 and the fatty acids used are straight chain monobasic acids of 16-20, 
preferably 18, carbon length having double bonds arranged in the chain in 
amount and position to give an iodine number of 125 to 185, an acid number 
of from about 180 to 210 and a percentage of conjugation of the double 
bonds between 20% and 25% wherein the reaction is carried out to an acid 
number below 10 and the monomer (B) portion consists of a mixture of 
20-28% of unsaturated monobasic acids having a polymerizable double bond 
and 80% to 72% reactive monomers having polymerizable double bond. 
Epoxy esters of this type are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,166,054, the 
entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Typical 
commercially available epoxy resins useful in this invention are 
manufactured by Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. under their tradename Epotuf. 
The epoxy ester is used in an amount ranging from at least 1.5 wt. %, 
preferably 2-25 wt. % and most preferably 2.5-5 wt. % based on total 
composition. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
The plastic film to be used as a substrate in the present invention may be 
any plastic film including single or composite one, oriented or unoriented 
one and expanded one. 
Representative examples of the film include polyolefin film, polystyrene 
film, polyester film, polycarbonate film, triacetylcellulose film, 
cellophane film, polyamide film, polyamide-imide film, aramid film, 
polyimide film, polyphenylene sulfide film, polyether-imide film, 
polyether sulfone film, polysulfone film, polyacrylonitrile film, 
polyvinyl acetate film, polyether-ether-ketone film, polyether ketone film 
and fluoropolymer films such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 
polychlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), poly (ethylene co-tetrafluoroethylene 
(PE-TFE) poly(ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PE-CTFE), fluorinated 
perfluoroethylene propylene (FEP) and poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF). 
Among them, polyolefin films are preferred because of their low cost. 
Although the thickness of the plastic film is not limited, it is generally 
0.5 mil (12.7 microns) to 10 mils (254 microns), preferably 1 mil (25.4 
microns) to 5 mils (127 microns), still more preferably 1.5 mils (38.1 
microns) to 4 mils (101.6 microns) from the viewpoints of coatability. 
When a composite film is used as a substrate, neither the umber of layers 
of the composite film nor the production process is limited. However, it 
is generally produced by co-extrusion, extrusion laminating or adhesive 
laminating processes 
As is known in the art, the film can be treated in various ways in order to 
enhance its ability to provide good adhesion to a subsequently applied 
coating. 
Conventional techniques for creating good adhesion include surface 
activation methods (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,018,189, 4,072,769, and 
3,364,056) in which the surface of the film is activated by corona 
discharge treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, plasma treatment, 
flame treatment or the like. Of the above, corona discharge treatment is 
preferred. 
The novel process of this invention is carried out by forming an aqueous 
mixture or dispersion containing from 5 to about 15% weight of a suitable 
synthetic hectorite containing fluoride ions (a sodium magnesium, lithium 
fluorosilicate), about 6 to about 10% weight of a peptizer (based on 
synthetic hectorite), such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and at least 
about 1.5% by weight of the epoxy ester, based on the total composition. 
The material is thoroughly mixed and then coated upon a plastic film to a 
thickness ranging from about 1.5-10 microns, preferably 5-7 microns, and 
subsequently dried. It has been found that the resulting films have 
excellent properties including antistatic properties, blocking properties, 
and transparency, and that the coating rigidly adheres to the film. 
The particularly preferred embodiment of the novel process of this 
invention is to coat the plastic film in a printing press wherein color 
and various designs and/or letters can be imprinted to the film in one 
operation. The use of printing presses in order to coat films with epoxy 
esters and inorganic filler is not per se novel and is indeed disclosed 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,934, the entire disclosure of which is herein 
incorporated by reference. 
It has been found that when the novel coating composition of this invention 
is to be coated via a printing press, other conventional ingredients 
should be added to the formulation in order to make it suitable for 
conventional printing operations. Thus, other materials can be included in 
the coating composition, such as surfactants, dispersion aids and other 
conventional additives used in coating and printing compositions to 
facilitate application of the coating compositions to the substrate by 
rotogravure or other suitable printing and coating processes, e.g., 
rotogravure, silk screen, flexography, air knife, roll, blade, etc. 
The coated films of this invention have many desirable properties. The 
coating is transparent due to the small particle size of the synthetic 
hectorite and has a surface resistivity of 10.sup.7 -10.sup.9 ohms/sq. The 
coated film structure is able to dissipate electrostatic potentials 
generated by moving webs and retains that ability even when tested for 
months in a 10% relative humidity environment. The coating is adherent to 
polyolefins that have been subjected to surface modification by methods 
such as corona, flame, or chemical treatments which increase the polarity 
of the surface thereby enhancing adhesiveness. 
The coating is clear, thermally stable, machinable, antiblocking, and has a 
low, uniform COF. It is economically viable because it can be applied at 
commercial speeds on a flexo press or other suitable printing or blade 
coating apparatus and functions at low coats weights, i.e., about 0.25 to 
2 grams per square meter, preferably 0.5-1 gram per square meter. Of 
course, higher coat weights can be used but no practical advantage is 
gained. A great deal of emphasis has been placed on developing a 
formulation that will be viscosity stable in commercial coating or 
printing operations. This is particularly important because, heretofore, 
the main applications of synthetic hectorite clays were to make 
thixotropic gelling structures in cosmetic products, shampoos, 
toothpastes, etc. 
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the coating composition 
is provided as a two-component system. The composition is made by 
preparing a first batch or mixture comprising an aqueous dispersion of 
fluoride-containing synthetic hectorite, and desirably a peptizer as a 
dispersing agent. Also, an antifoaming agent may be incorporated into the 
admixture. The second batch or mixture comprises an epoxy ester and 
desired additives to improve adhesion and to stabilize the viscosity of 
the mixture. Both batches and the final admixtures are prepared by 
sufficient admixing to ensure wetting of the materials and/or uniform 
dispersion of all the ingredients. The two mixtures or batches are 
subsequently admixed, preferably just prior to application, and the 
resulting admixture or composition is applied as a coating composition to 
a plastic film. The two-part system is advantageous in that it provides 
for longer shelf life than a one-part system. Further, the two-component 
system is advantageous in that it inhibits or prevents the build-up of 
thixotropy; that is, in time the two components (hectorite and epoxy 
ester) when admixed tend to gel. Also, if there is excess composition 
prepared for use later, but provided as a two-component system, the 
uniformity of coating composition is more aptly assured, especially from 
the standpoint of viscosity. 
Mixing of the ingredients as with a paddle mixer should be sufficient to 
ensure the substantially complete disagglomerating of particulate to cause 
wetting of the discrete particles by the liquid epoxy ester and the 
substantially complete dispersion of the solid particles in the epoxy 
ester matrix. When good dispersion and wetting are achieved, you 
substantially inhibit or prevent the agglomeration of particles and the 
settling out of the hectorite particles. Good uniform dispersion of the 
particles in the epoxy ester matrix imparts good properties to the end 
product. The two components or parts are combined and used to coat the 
plastic film. 
The final admixture of the two-component system, which may be mixed in a 
meter-mix machine, is applied to the plastic film by any suitable coating 
technique such as by pumping the admixture with a peristaltic pump to a 
printing press. The resulting coating is allowed to air cure, desirably at 
a temperature of about 100.degree. to 110.degree. F. 
The absence of metal in the film makes many film constructions recyclable 
and, therefore, environmentally friendly products. Packaging machines, 
which all have metal detectors to protect consumers from accidentally 
ingesting metal shavings or other common metallic food contaminants, do 
not function well with metallized film. Use of the instant antistatic 
coating eliminates the problems caused by the metal in films. Film clarity 
also allows the manufacturer to design product viewing windows in the 
package and to monitor fill heights in process. 
A particularly preferred packaging material, especially for granular food 
products such as coffee, is one which is resealable. Resealable packages 
per se are known in the art and they usually involve forming a reclosable 
seal on the surface of a film. Thus, the novel coated films of this 
invention can be treated with an adhesive to provide superior resealable 
food pouches. A particularly preferred packaging material involved 
treating the novel coated films of this invention according to the 
teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 5,089,320, the entire disclosure of which is 
herein incorporated by reference.

The following examples will illustrate the instant invention. 
EXAMPLE 1 
Epotuf 92-737 described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,166,054 was obtained from 
Reichhold Chemical Company. The Epotuf 92-737 was made water-dispersible 
by neutralization with dimethylethanolamine and diluted with water. The 
epoxy ester Epotuf binder had the composition shown in Table 1. 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Epotuf 92-737 (70% solid) 
32.25 wt. % 
Dimethylethanolamine 
3.22 wt. % 
Water 64.52 wt % 
______________________________________ 
A sample of fluoride ion containing synthetic hectorite identified as 
Laponite B was mixed with tetrasodium pyrophosphate in an amount so as to 
obtain a Laponite composition containing 10% by weight of said tetrasodium 
pyrophosphate; (a) 17 parts by weight of said tetrasodium 
phosphate-containing Laponite was mixed with 83 parts by water and 
combined with (b) the Epotuf binder of Table 1 in the weight ratio of 9:1, 
i.e., 90 wt. % of (a) and 10 wt. % of (b) were used. 
The above was coated on the surface of a composite film having an outer 
surface layer of high density polyethylene (HDPE), an inner layer of a 
hydrolyzed copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene (an ethylene vinyl 
alcohol resin), and a backing of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl 
acetate. The film was subjected to corona discharge prior to being coated 
and was about 2.75 mils in thickness and had a tested dyne level of 42. 
The film was coated with a #2 Meyer rod to give approximately 1 gram/square 
meter of coating. 
A sheet of film, (6".times.10") was taped to a glass plate, corona treated 
side up (HDPE side). The sheet was coated, the drawdown bar cleaned and 
the sample dried. Drying was done with a hot air gun down the surface and 
up the surface, once each way. The gun was held about 3" from the surface. 
The sample was secured to a piece of cardboard and allowed to dry 
completely. Thirty samples of each coating were done. 
Peel Tests 
Tests were done by placing a piece of 1" Scotch 600 tape on the coated 
surface and applying pressure with a 41/2 lb. rubber roller. Pressure was 
applied down and back one time. The tape was pulled from the sample and a 
visual inspection for coating release was done. 
Static Decay Tests 
Two samples were cut to 5".times.31/2" and placed in a controlled humidity 
test chamber at 10% R. H. The samples were conditioned overnight before 
the first test was done. 
Static Decay testing was performed on an Electro-Tech Systems, Inc. static 
decay meter, model 406B in accordance with Federal Test Method 4046. 
To perform a Static Decay test, a sample is placed between two electrodes 
and +5000 volt of a -5000 volt potential is applied to the sample. The 
time to dissipate 50% or 90% of the original charge is measured by an 
electrometer. The charge decays exponentially with time, once the 5000 
volt. potential is disconnected. Samples remained in the controlled 
humidity chamber throughout the test period. 
Blocking Tests 
Blocking tests were done on a Tetrahedron MTP-14 press to simulate what 
would happen in a finished roll. Ten samples were cut to 5".times.5" 
sheets. Two sets of five were taped together. This was done because of the 
curling of the film. Each set was then placed in the press, again being 
taped down because of the curling. 
Haze Test 
Haze tests were done on the XL-211 Hazegard System Hazemeter. A sample was 
placed in the specimen holder. The machine was zeroed and calibrated to 
100 with each sample. The reference-open switch was then placed in the 
open position and the haze value of the sample was read directly. 
COF test--Film to Stainless 
Coated samples (21/2".times.4") were taped to a 2".times.2" plate, coated 
side out. This plate was placed on the "runner" steel plate. The steel 
"runner" was cleaned between each sample with ethyl alcohol. The test was 
run at 1 inch/minute. 
COF Test --Film to Base 
Coated samples (21/2".times.4") were taped to a 2".times.2" plate, coated 
side out. This plate was placed on a piece of base film (3".times.10") 
that was previously taped to the "runner" plate. This base film was 
changed for each test run. The treated side of the base film (HDPE) was 
facing up for this test. The test was run at 1 inch/minute. 
Heat Seal Test 
Heat seal tests were done to determine if the coating would remain on the 
film when heated. A 21/2" strip was heat sealed to another 21/2" strip of 
the same coating. The coated sides were not face to face. The strips were 
placed on the heat sealer and heat sealed together at 260 F., 40 psi, for 
1 second. 
Results 
The coating of this example wet and coated the film uniformly. It had good 
adhesion and showed good heat stability when heat sealed at 260.degree. 
F., 40 psi for 1 second without cracking or discoloration. It passed all 
the above tests. 
EXAMPLES 2 AND 3 
These examples will illustrate that not all epoxy binders are operable. 
EXAMPLE 2 
In this example, a polyfunctional aromatic epoxy resin (not an epoxy ester) 
identified as RDX 84853, supplied by Phone-Poulenc, was used in place of 
the epoxy ester of Example 1. 
RDX 84853 is a nonionic aqueous dispersion of a polyfunctional aromatic 
epoxy resin with an average functionality of six. Typical properties are 
shown in the following table: 
TABLE 2 
______________________________________ 
Typical Properties 
______________________________________ 
Viscosity at 25 C, cps (Brookfield RVT, #5 Spindle, 
12,000 
10 rpm) 
Nonvolatiles, % 55 
Pounds/gallon 9.3 
pH 8.0 
Solvent water 
Epoxy equivalent weight, based on solids 
230 
______________________________________ 
When the procedure of example 1 was repeated using the above epoxy, the 
sample would not even wet out (coat) on the film. No additional testing 
was done. 
EXAMPLE 3 
In this example an epoxy resin dispersion (not an epoxy ester) identified 
as RDX 68654, marketed by Rhone-Poulenc, was used in place of the epoxy 
ester of Example 1. 
When the procedure of Example 1 was repeated using the above epoxy, the 
sample would not even wet out (coat) on the film. No additional testing 
was done. 
RDX 68654 epoxy resin dispersion is a nonionic aqueous dispersion of a 
modified high molecular weight epoxy resin. It is mechanically stable as 
supplied in water and 2-propoxyethanol cosolvent and is completely water 
reducible. 
TABLE 3 
______________________________________ 
Typical Properties 
______________________________________ 
Viscosity at 25 C, cps (Brookfield RVT, #3 Spindle, 100 
600 
rpm) 
Nonvolatiles, % 44 
Pounds/gallon 9.0 
pH 8.0 
Solvent 
% water 80.5 
2-propoxyethanol 19.5 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE 4 
This example will illustrate the novel coatings of this invention in a 
formulations intended to be applied in a printing press. 
In the example, an EPOTUF proprietary epoxy ester was used. 
The epoxy ester comprises the reaction product of 2,2,bis(4-hydroxy phenyl) 
dimethyl methane and epichlorohydrin and a mixture of fatty acids each 
having an 18 carbon straight chain. The fatty acids were 9-octadecenoic 
acid and linoleic acid. The epoxy ester was prepared in accordance with 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,166,054. It is shipped by Reichhold Chemical as a mixture 
of 70 wt. % resin solids, 15 wt. % secondary butanol and 15 wt. % ethylene 
glycol monobutyl ether. 
The antistatic coating of this invention was used as two part system. 
Part 1 
90 parts or 18% Laponite S containing 10% tetrasodium pyrophosphate in 
water. 
Part 2 
10 parts by weight of the following mixture of ingredients. 
TABLE 4 
______________________________________ 
Ingredient Wt. % Manufacture Function 
______________________________________ 
EPOTUF .RTM. 
37.0 Reichhold Chemical 
epoxy-ester 
polymer binder 
HV-490 Silicone 
4.0 Dow Corning slip, mare and 
Emulsion scuff resistance, 
water resistance 
DC-85 Silicone 
4.0 Dow Corning slip, mare and 
Elastomer scuff resistance, 
water resistance 
Foamaster 111 
5.0 Henkel antifoam 
Dimethylamino- 
2.3 Pennwalt Chemical 
neutralization 
ethanol of epoxy-ester 
for water 
dispersibility 
A-1120 Silane 
1.0 Union Carbide adhesion and 
alkali resistance 
Manganose 0.5 Mooney Chemical 
drier 
Hydrocure I 
Active 8 0.10 A.J. Vanderbilt Co. 
catalyst for Mn 
Water 46.1 
______________________________________ 
Part 1 and Part 2 were blended and used to coat a polyolefin film using the 
exact film and procedures of Example 1, the sole exception being the 
coating composition. 
The coated film was tested as in Example 1 and excellent properties were 
obtained. 
EXAMPLE 5 
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated with the exception that Manganese 
HYDROCURE 1 and active 8 were omitted from part 2. 
Once again excellent properties were obtained in the fluoride-containing 
synthetic hectorite coated polyolefin film. 
EXAMPLE 6 
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that the silane was omitted. 
The tested film had excellent properties. 
EXAMPLE 7 
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that the silicone was 
omitted. 
The tested film showed excellent properties. 
EXAMPLE 8 
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated except that both the silane and 
silicone were omitted. 
The tested film exhibited excellent properties. 
Examples 6-8 demonstrates that the silane and silicone are not needed in 
order to form the highly successful coated films of this invention. 
The purpose of the silane and/or silicone is to aid in commercial 
processing since the composition of Examples 6-8 tended to separate and 
such is obviously not desirable when applying the novel coating on 
apparatus such as a printing press.