Cargo container swivel-stacking-pin tool

A cargo container swivel-stacking-pin tool (10) for insertion and removal of swivel stacking pins (11, 60) in cargo containers (13) includes a rigid elongated handle (12), a U-shaped pin-engaging member (14, 76) attached to the elongated handle and two trigger actuators (16, 18 and 90, 92) attached to the pin-engaging member. The pin-engaging member has a base member (26, 80) and first and second fork members (22,24 and 86, 88) attached to the base member which define a slot (28, 78) of a size for receiving a bottom insert section (30, 72) of a swivel stacking pin. The trigger actuators are attached to opposite sides of the base member for manipulating locking-head triggers of the swivel stacking pins for enabling top locking heads of the swivel stacking pins to rotate about rotation axes (55, 94) when the top insert sections thereof are inserted in engagement holes (13a) of the cargo containers. The first trigger actuator is closer to the first fork member and the second trigger actuator is closer to the second fork member. The elongated handle is attached to the pin engaging member in different manners for different purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to cargo container handling in general, and 
specifically to a tool to assist a longshoreman in inserting and removing 
self-locking swivel stacking pins employed in the loading and stacking of 
containerized cargo on board ships and loading docks. 
The use of container ships to transport containerized cargo has become one 
of the primary means for shipping. Standard size containers and pier-side 
crane systems substantially increase productivity while reducing manpower 
required, and hazards incurred, in loading and unloading freight 
transporting ships. Cargo containers are provided with metal reinforcing 
corners, or plates, at top and bottom surfaces thereof. These metal 
reinforced corners provide attachments for turnbuckle attached tie-down 
cables and are provided with openings through flat steel plates therein to 
receive latches on spreader mechanisms of cranes for lifting and 
positioning the containers on board ships or on pier-side docks. In the 
prior art, after a first container had been positioned by a crane 
operator, a longshoreman "latcher" released the spreader mechanism from 
the first, or bottom, container and a second longshoreman "stacking pin 
installer" normally placed individual stacking pins in the plates of each 
of the first container's exposed upper reinforced corners to permit 
stacking of a second container onto the first container. After the second 
container had been stacked thereon, a lever of each of the stacking pins 
had to be rotated to lock the first and second containers together. 
Similarly, when the second container was removed from the first container, 
the stacking pin levers had to be rotated to unlock the containers. 
Such stacking pins served to support the entire weight of the second 
"stacked" container in spaced relationship over the first container with a 
space therebetween permitting passage of tie-down cables. These stacking 
pins have varied in structural shape and from ship-to-ship, and have, in 
the past, normally been 6-10 inches in length and weighed up to 20 pounds 
or more, each. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,390,970 to William H. Gray discloses a shipping container 
stacking pin tool for inserting such stacking pins without the use of 
ladders in first containers. In this regard, prior to the Gray invention, 
the stacking pins were placed in first containers by hand using ladders. 
Although the Gray invention simplifies placement of stacking pins for first 
containers, it does very little for such pin placement for second, third 
and fourth containers in a stack. Thus, it has still often been necessary 
for workers to "ride the spreader bar" on cranes to install and remove 
pins, which has been somewhat dangerous and time consuming. 
Now, a new type of stacking pin, a self-locking swivel stacking pin, has 
been developed which can be inserted at the bottom of a container. That 
is, a first, or bottom, container is put in place without stacking pins at 
bottom or top corners thereof. Each of the self-locking, or automatic, 
swivel stacking pins has a pin housing with a spacer section and top and 
bottom insert sections on opposite sides of the spacer section, top and 
bottom locking heads respectively adjacent the top and bottom insert 
sections, and an axle attached to at least one of the top and bottom 
swivel locking heads for allowing rotation thereof. The top and bottom 
insert sections are rectangular in shape so that they match rectangular 
holes in the corner plates of the containers. The top and bottom insert 
sections and the top and bottom locking heads are elongated in a direction 
perpendicular to an axis of the rotatable axle. 
To use these self-locking swivel stacking pins, an operator can insert the 
top locking head and top insert section into a hole of the plate at the 
lower edge of the second container. The operator then causes the locking 
head to rotate so that it is no longer aligned with the elongated hole, to 
thereby latch, or lock, the self-locking swivel stacking pin on the lower 
edge of the second container. After four such pins are placed at the 
second container's lower edge, the second container is lifted above the 
first container and the stacking pins, which are mounted on the second 
container, are aligned with the rectangular holes at top corners of the 
first container. The second container is then lowered so that the bottom 
swivel locking heads of the swivel stacking pins engage edges defining the 
holes in the first container's top corner plates and these bottom swivel 
locking heads, due to their shape, automatically rotate to align with 
their respective bottom insert sections. In doing this, they do not cause 
the top locking heads to align with the top insert sections. Once the 
lower locking heads pass through the first container's holes, they rotate 
to be locked to the first container. Thus, both top and bottom locking 
heads are locked to their respective second and first containers. This 
automatic locking procedure can also be used for stacking the third, 
fourth and fifth containers without the necessity of a worker "riding the 
spreader bar" on the crane. 
From this position, for unlocking, hand-operated mechanisms on the swivel 
stacking pins must be reached for rotating the locking heads and thereby 
unlocking the swivel stacking pins from the containers, when this is 
desirable. 
Although these new self-locking swivel stacking pins have many benefits 
over earlier stacking pins for container stacks higher than two 
containers, they have the detriment that when a "stacking pin installer" 
is installing one of them he is standing directly under a lifted (second, 
third, etc.) container, which is extremely dangerous. Further, when a 
self-locking swivel stacking pin is not mounted on a container, it is 
difficult to operate its hand-operated mechanism for rotating its locking 
heads. Still further, the self-locking swivel locking pins are quite 
awkward in shape and extremely heavy (up to 20 pounds or more) and 
therefore difficult for an operator to grip, actuate, and install. 
A self-locking swivel-stacking-pin tool for use in handling a special 
swivel stacking pin is disclosed in patent application Ser. No. 
08/513,639, filed Aug. 10, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,171. Although the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool described in that application has many benefits, 
it cannot be used for handling many popular cargo container swivel 
stacking pins. 
Because of the above problem, it is an object of this invention to provide 
a cargo container swivel-stacking-pin tool which can be used for handling 
popular swivel stacking pins of a type including a locking-head trigger. 
It is a further object of this invention to provide a cargo container 
swivel-stacking-pin tool which can be used for engaging swivel stacking 
pins, of a type having a locking-head trigger, and inserting or removing 
such swivel stacking pins from cargo containers. 
Similarly, it is an object of this invention to provide such a 
swivel-stacking-pin tool which, while it is engaging a swivel stacking 
pin, can be manipulated to manipulate the locking-head trigger of the 
swivel stacking pin for bringing about rotation of at least the top 
locking head when the top insert section is inserted in a plate of a cargo 
container and the top locking head is locked thereto. 
Also, it is an object of this invention to provide such a cargo container 
swivel-stacking-pin tool which is easy to manipulate, inexpensive to 
manufacture, and has no relatively moving parts. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
According to principles of this invention, a cargo container 
swivel-stacking-pin tool includes a rigid elongated handle, a pin-engaging 
member attached to the elongated handle and at least one trigger actuator 
attached to the pin-engaging member. The pin-engaging member is usually a 
U-shaped frame so that a base member and first and second fork members 
attached to the base member define a slot of a size for receiving a bottom 
insert section of a swivel stacking pin. In one embodiment first and 
second trigger actuators are attached to opposite sides of the base member 
for manipulating locking-head triggers of swivel stacking pins for 
enabling top locking heads of the swivel stacking pins to rotate about 
rotation axes for unlocking them from plates of cargo containers. The 
first trigger actuator is closer to the first fork member and the second 
trigger actuator is closer to the second fork member. The trigger 
actuators and pin-engaging member have different shapes depending upon 
configurations of swivel stacking pins. Similarly, the elongated handle is 
attached to the pin engaging member in different manners for different 
purposes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The first embodiment swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 for manipulating a 
self-locking swivel stacking pin 11 into a container plate hole 13a of a 
container 13 comprises a rigid elongated handle 12, a rigid pin-engaging 
member 14 and first and second trigger actuators 16 and 18. The 
swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 is formed of steel, with the various parts 
thereof being welded to one another so that the entire swivel-stacking-pin 
tool is a single monolithic element. 
The pin-engaging member 14 is formed substantially as a flat U-shaped frame 
with opposite first and second fork members 22 and 24 on first and second 
sides thereof, a base member 26 to which the first and second fork members 
are attached at a third side, and an opening at a fourth side thereof, 
opposite the base member 26, so that the first and second fork members 22 
and 24 and the base member 26 define a slot 28. The slot 28 is open at 
free ends 29a and 29b of the first and second fork members 22 and 24 for 
receiving a bottom insert section 30 of a housing 32 of the swivel 
stacking pin 11. 
The elongated handle 12 includes at an outer end thereof an elongated grip 
34 which extends perpendicular to the axis of elongation of the elongated 
handle 12. 
The first and second trigger actuators 16 and 18 are basically L-shaped 
brackets attached on opposite sides of the base member 26, each having a 
base leg 36 attached to the base member 26, and extending perpendicular 
away therefrom, and a free leg 38 with an outer free end thereof extending 
in the same direction as outer free ends 29a and b of the first and second 
fork members 22 and 24. 
The trigger actuators 16 and 18 are positioned such that their free legs 38 
will engage a locking-head trigger 39 of the swivel stacking pin 11 when 
the pin-engaging member 14 receives the bottom insert section 30 of the 
swivel stacking pin 11. 
Looking now in more detail at the swivel stacking pin 11, a housing 32 
thereof comprises a top insert section 40 and a bottom insert section 30. 
A spacer section 42 is positioned between the top and bottom insert 
sections 40 and 30 to space containers into which the top and bottom 
insert sections 40 and 30 are inserted. The top and bottom insert sections 
40 and 30 and the spacer section 42 form the rigid housing 32. The swivel 
stacking pin 11 further comprises top and bottom locking heads 44 and 46 
respectively on opposite sides of the housing 32 adjacent the respective 
top and bottom insert sections 40 and 30. The top locking head 44 is 
formed as one rigid piece with the top insert section 40. The bottom 
locking head 46 is attached to one end of a rotatable axis (not shown) 
which is mounted for rotation in the housing 32. The rotatable axis and 
the bottom locking head 46 can be rotated by a pivotal lever 48. 
The container hole 13a is larger than the top locking head 44 and the top 
insert section 40. However, it can be seen that the top insert section 40 
is irregularly shaped such that the top locking head 44 extends as a 
flange out beyond corners of the top insert section 40. 
Describing operation of the swivel-stacking-pin tool of FIG. 1, an operator 
grips the handle 12 with one hand at the handgrip 34 and with his other 
hand (when necessary) along the length thereof. The operator manipulates 
the elongated handle so as to move the pin engaging member 14 onto the 
bottom insert section 30 of the swivel stacking pin 11. When the bottom 
insert section 30 is in the slot 28, in the orientation depicted in FIG. 
1, the free leg 38 of the second trigger actuator 18 engages the top of 
the trigger 39. The operator can use the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 to 
engage a swivel stacking pin 11 in this manner when the swivel stacking 
pin 11 is on a dock or mounted on a second (or greater) cargo container. 
Assuming the operator is using the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 to mount the 
swivel stacking pin 11 in the container hole 13a of the container 13, he 
lift the swivel stacking pin 11 from the dock and shoves the top locking 
head 44 and the top insert section 40 through the container hole 13a. When 
the operator does this, a top of a latch 50, which is attached to the 
trigger 39 impinges on a bottom surface of the container plate 13 and, as 
the operator shoves the swivel stacking pin upwardly, is pushed downwardly 
to also move the trigger 39 downwardly. Eventually, bottom surfaces 52 of 
the top locking head 44 clear a top surface 54 of the container plate 13. 
At this point, the operator, using the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10, 
rotates the housing 32 and the attached top insert section 40 as well as 
the top locking head 44. The top locking head 44 thusly moves above the 
top surface 54 of the container plate 13 and the latch 50 moves into the 
opening 13a. When the latch 50 moves into the opening 13a, a biasing 
spring, which is attached to the latch 50 and the trigger 39, forces the 
latch 50 upwardly also through the container hole 13a. The latch 50 
thereby prevents the housing 32 from being rotated back so that bottom 
surfaces 52 of the top locking head 44 prevent the swivel stacking pin 11 
from being pulled out of the container hole 13a. The operator then pulls 
the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10, which is now mounted on the container 13, 
from the swivel stacking pin 11. 
In order to remove the swivel stacking pin 11 from the container plate 13, 
the swivel stacking pin 11 is manipulated to place the bottom insert 
section in the slot 28 in the manner mentioned above. The 
swivel-stacking-pin tool is then rotated in a counterclockwise direction 
(as seen from the grip 34 end) about its axis of elongation 56 so that the 
free leg 38 of the second trigger actuator 18 impinges on the trigger 39 
and presses it downwardly, thereby also pressing the latch 50 downwardly. 
The first and second fork members 22 and 24 act as levers during this 
manipulation, with outer free ends 29a and b thereof forming fulcrums 
against a bottom surface of the spacer section 42. Eventually, the latch 
50 clears the container plate 13 so that the housing 32 of the swivel 
stacking pin 11 can be rotated about a rotation axis 55 of the swivel 
stacking pin 11. The housing 32 is then rotated by the swivel-stacking-pin 
tool 11 so that the top insert section 40 and the top locking head 44, 
which is rigidly attached to the housing, are also rotated. Eventually, 
the top locking head 44 aligns with the container hole 13a and the swivel 
stacking pin 11 is pulled from the container hole 13a using the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool 11. 
FIG. 2 depicts a second embodiment of the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10' 
which is substantially the same as the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 of FIG. 
1 but that an elongated handle 12' is attached to a base member 26' of a 
pin-engaging member 14' to extend parallel to first and second fork 
members 22 and 24. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to have a 
special grip, such as the grip 34, which is perpendicular to the axis of 
elongation of the handle 12 because the elongated handle 12' itself can be 
used for pivoting the pin-engaging member 14', as is necessary for causing 
the trigger actuators 16 and 18 to act on the trigger 39. In fact, the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool 10' of FIG. 2 is used in situations where it is 
difficult to move the trigger 39 because an operator can apply greater 
leverage with the elongated handle 12' of FIG. 2 than he can using the 
grip 34 of FIG. 1. 
A particular benefit of the arrangement of FIG. 1 is that an operator can 
use it with the handle 12 extending to either side of the swivel stacking 
pin 11. That is, looking at FIG. 1, the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 could 
be turned over with the grip 34 directed upwardly to the left, rather than 
downwardly to the right as shown in FIG. 1. In that case, the first 
trigger actuator 16, rather than the second trigger 18, would operate the 
trigger 39. 
FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the swivel-stacking-pin tool 10 which is 
to be employed with a second type of swivel stacking pin 60. The swivel 
stacking pin 60 differs from the swivel stacking pin 11 in that top and 
bottom locking heads 62 and 64 thereof are interconnected by a biased 
shaft (not shown) so as to be rotatable relative to a housing 66 
comprising a spacer section 68 and top and bottom insert sections 70 and 
72. The shaft which interconnects the top and bottom locking head 62 and 
64 is also attached to a trigger lever 74 which can be used for rotating 
the top and bottom locking head 62 and 64. The top insert section 70 is 
substantially the same size and shape as container holes 13a. 
Looking now in more detail at the swivel-stacking-pin tool 58 of FIG. 3, 
the handle 12 and grip 34 are substantially the same as those of the FIG. 
1 embodiment. However, a pin-engaging member 76 thereof has a different 
shape than the pin-engaging member 14 of FIG. 1. In this regard, a slot 78 
formed by the pin-engaging member 76 is quite a bit wider (distance 
between first and second fork members 86 and 88) near a base member 80 
than it is closer to free ends 82 and 84 of the first and second fork 
members 86 and 88. The pin-engaging member 76 is formed of a band of steel 
which is bent into this configuration. First and second trigger actuators 
90 and 92 have trough-shapes for receiving the trigger lever 74. 
When using the swivel-stacking-pin tool 68 of FIG. 3, the pin-engaging 
member 76 is manipulated by the handle 12 so that the slot 78 will receive 
the bottom insert section 72 of the swivel stacking pin 60. When the 
bottom insert section 72 is fully seated in the slot 78 in the orientation 
shown in FIG. 3, the trigger lever 74 will be in a trough 94 of the second 
trigger actuator 92. The operator can then rotate the pin-engaging member 
76 about an axis 94 of the swivel stacking pin 60 so that the second 
trigger actuator 92 causes the trigger lever 74 to rotate the axle (not 
shown), and thereby to rotate the top and bottom locking heads 62 and 64. 
In this manner, the swivel-stacking-pin tool 58 can be used for latching 
and unlatching the swivel stacking pin 60 to and from a container plate. 
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the 
unusual shape of the slot 78 allows the first and second fork members 86 
and 88 to relatively tightly grip the sides of the bottom insert section 
72 of the swivel stacking pin 60 while yet allowing it to be rotated about 
the axis 94 of the axle of the swivel stacking pin 60 relative to the 
swivel stacking pin 60. In this manner, the swivel-stacking-pin tool 68 
can be used not only for gripping the swivel stacking pin 60 and 
manipulating it, but also for moving its top and bottom locking heads 62 
and 64 relative to the housing 66 for locking and unlocking the swivel 
stacking pin 60 to and from cargo containers. 
It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the first and second trigger actuators 90 and 
92 are respectively positioned on the base member 80 closer to the 
respective first and second fork members 86 and 88. Thus, the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool 58 can extend in either direction from the swivel 
stacking pin 60. That is, the swivel-stacking-pin tool 58 could be turned 
upside down with the grip 34 being directed upwardly to the left rather 
than downwardly to the right as is shown in FIG. 3. In that case, the 
first trigger actuator 90 would then engage the trigger lever 74. 
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the 
various embodiments of the swivel-stacking-pin tool of this invention 
allow a longshoreman to easily and safely manipulate swivel stacking pins 
to bring them into position for being inserted into and removed from cargo 
containers. At the same time, the swivel-stacking-pin tool of this 
invention allows longshoreman operators to unlatch swivel stacking pins 
from cargo containers. It is particularly significant that the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool of this invention does all this without having 
any movable parts. 
It is also extremely beneficial that the elongated-handle, 
swivel-stacking-pin tool of this invention can extend in either of two 
opposite directions from a swivel stacking pin when it is used to 
manipulate the swivel stacking pin. In this regard, the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool can be used to operate on swivel stacking pins 
located at opposite corners of cargo containers, with the operators 
positioning themselves away from edges of the containers, as is desirable. 
If it were only possible for the elongated handle to extend in one 
direction, it would be necessary for operators to sometime be unduly close 
to or under edges of the containers. 
The embodiment of FIG. 2, in which the elongated handle extends parallel to 
the first and second fork members, is particularly beneficial because, 
with this embodiment, more leverage can be placed on trigger actuators for 
unlatching particularly difficult-to-operate triggers. 
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with 
reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those of 
ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be 
made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
For example, if the trigger 39 of a swivel stacking pin 11 were centered 
on the swivel stacking pin, the trigger actuators of the 
swivel-stacking-pin tool of this invention could be place immediately 
opposite one another on the pin-engaging member. 
It will be appreciated that the swivel-stacking-pin tool of this invention 
will have to be configured differently to handle swivel stacking pins with 
triggers, or trigger levers, of different configurations.