Game puck with improved glider pin

A game puck including a puck body having a plurality of throughbores radially disposed therein, each receiving a diagonally split glide pin. The glide pins each have heads which protrude from each face of the puck. Each pin has a diagonally split shank defining a plurality of mating teeth and a predetermined total shank diameter when joined. Each component has an inclined toothed or serrated surface which mates with a like component, each component having a tip diameter which is substantially less than one-half of the diameter of the total shank diameter. Thus when a pair of pin components are abutted at the tip, a reduced diameter is defined which approximates two thirds or less of the total shank diameter. This diameter permits insertion of a pin component into each mouth of a puck throughbore and joinder of the pin in a manner which, first, as the tips abut, permit a large margin of space to avoid insertion damage at the mouth of the aperture, and, second, as the tips are driven by one another in opposing directions, cause the pin to reach a total shank diameter that not only matches the aperture diameter, but may actually slightly exceed the diameter of the aperture to the extent of micrometer tolerances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates to games involving projectiles employing glide pins. 
More specifically, the present invention relates to a puck employing a 
bipartite pin, each component having an angularly inclined toothed surface 
on its shank, which when joined within an aperture formed in the puck, 
forms a glide pin. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
In-line skates have inspired renewed interest in playing street hockey. 
Similar to ice hockey, the players drive a puck into an opposing team's 
goal to score points. Unlike in ice hockey, the puck typically does not 
slide as easily along a street hockey playing surface, typically cement or 
asphalt, as it would on ice. Players often must retrace their paths to 
reclaim the reluctant projectile, slowing the game and making it less 
enjoyable. Many times, the puck flips up on edge and rolls across the 
playing surface rather than playing flat, or sliding along on one of the 
two faces. Another problem with using a conventional street hockey puck to 
play roller hockey is that it tends to rebound off objects with high 
energy at unpredictable trajectories. As roller hockey technology 
improves, players become less tolerant of inadequate playing action 
provided by conventional hockey pucks. A need exists for a puck that 
glides easily on a street or court hockey playing surface, tends to play 
flat, provides low-energy rebound action, provides long pin-life and 
discourages rolling on edge. 
Such properties are largely dependent on the glide pins used during the 
manufacturing process. Due to the high shear forces exerted upon the puck 
during play, inadequately designed pins often cause pin heads to be 
sheared off and fall out, thus destroying the life and usefulness of the 
puck. Surface wear further causes the pin heads to wear down and cause the 
pin to fall out of the puck. However, manufacturing concerns, such as cost 
and speed of manufacturing each puck, act against the use of quality pins. 
In many manufacturing processes, a molding process is used to inject hot, 
fluid plastic into a mold which provides a plurality of predetermined 
diameter apertures into the puck, each aperture being sized to exact 
tolerances to receive a pin shank. The head of the pin, whether recessed 
into the surface of the puck or not, resides above the general plane of 
the puck body, thereby elevating the puck permitting it to glide over 
surfaces with high coefficients of friction, such as a concrete surface. 
However, several factors cause problems to the successful insertion of 
such pins into the puck, which in turn effect the useful life and shear 
force resistance of pin within the puck. 
First, as the plastic cools after injection, the plastic shrinks, thus 
causing the aperture formed to receive the pin to increase. This provides 
an potential advantage to a pin which can alter its diameter. For purposes 
of being inserted into a puck, a reduced diameter pin is desired; however, 
after final assembly, a pin having a snug fit within the aperture, and 
thus a diameter as close to that of the aperture, to grip the puck, is 
desired. 
These conflicting desires present manufacturing problems. If the pin can be 
inserted early enough in the process, the plastic body shrink will result 
in a loss of gripping force upon the pin and increase the chance of its 
loss over the puck's life. However, during the shrinking process, the 
plastic is subject to damage by an improperly inserted pin, such as 
jabbing by a sharp object such as the pin's tip. Thus, unless a pin can be 
inserted without contact through the mouth of the aperture, the risk of a 
damaged puck is high, and consequently the process is slowed down until a 
threshold temperature is reached where a pin can be inserted without fear 
of damage. 
Even then, a pin which must be inserted into a predetermined diameter 
aperture cannot have a shank diameter of greater than or closely 
approaching the aperture diameter and provide an expectation of an 
improved grip within the aperture against the wall of the puck body. None 
of the pucks in the prior art, nor bi-partite or split pins known in the 
art, are properly configured to serve the needs of the puck manufacturer. 
Thus, a need for an improved glide pin is seen. 
Several types of game pucks are described in the patent literature. 
Unfortunately, the apparatuses described do not predispose a puck to the 
above described needs. 
Most notably, U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,410, issued Jan. 4, 1994, to Alex R. 
Bellehumeur et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,274, issued Jan. 9, 1996 to 
Bellehumeur, describes a puck for use on a non-ice surface. The apparatus 
includes a solid core having an upper face, a lower face and an annular 
surface. The apparatus has a plurality of annular slots and throughbores 
radially diverged therethrough. The slots provide spring means that deform 
on impact. Stainless steel or polyurethane runners, i.e. glide pins, are 
received in each throughbore, each having head protruding above each face. 
One embodiment of a runner shows it formed in two pieces. In particular, 
as shown in FIG. 17 of the '410 patent, one piece has an axial bore with 
interior annular teeth that engage with the exterior annular teeth of the 
second piece inserted therein. However, such pin has a fixed diameter 
determined by one component part, and has an axial arrangement that 
prevents it from being used as described above. In essence, the 
throughbore will reach a predetermined diameter after cooling and only 
then can the runner be safely inserted into the throughbore without 
risking damaging contact with the sidewalls of the throughbore. Moreover, 
the pin must be inserted in nearly perfect coaxial and concentric 
alignment with the throughbore, and will still not derive the benefit of 
an tight fit. 
Other less relevant pucks include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,675,928, 
issued Jul. 11, 1972, to Salvatore A. Gentile, describes an impact safety 
game puck. The apparatus includes a solid core with a 
peripherally-disposed annular chamber. A second embodiment includes a thin 
disk having two faces and a wide, peripherally-disposed annular chamber, 
defining bowl-shaped cavities in each face of the disk. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,526, issued Apr. 10, 1973, to Leroy N. Radovich, 
describes a multi-purpose game puck. The device includes a solid core 
having an upper face, a lower face and an annular surface. The device has 
a central recess and a plurality of indented surfaces radially diverged in 
each face. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,204, issued Jan. 8, 1974, to Julius Felber, describes a 
hockey puck. The apparatus includes a solid core having an upper face, a 
lower face and an annular surface. The apparatus has central recesses in 
each face. The apparatus includes a plurality of spherical rollers 
radially diverged and slidingly maintained on each face. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,793,769, issued Dec. 27, 1988, to Michael Dolan, describes 
a hockey puck. The device includes a solid core having an upper face, a 
lower face and an annular surface. The device includes a plurality of ball 
bearings, radially diverged and slidingly received in the core. The ball 
bearings protrude through each face. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,720, issued May 4, 1993, to Charles G. Shepherd, 
describes a hockey puck device. The device includes a first housing and a 
second housing which threadingly interengage, defining a cavity. Gage 
means are disposed within the cavity for measuring impact forces. 
U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,219, issued Nov. 22, 1994, to William Salcer et al., 
describes a hockey puck. The device includes an insert member over which 
plastic material is molded. The finished device has an upper face, a lower 
face and an annular surface. The insert has runners that protrude through 
and are radially diverged about the periphery of each face. The runners 
are constructed from nylon, possibly blended with "Kevlar.TM.." 
Other pucks failing to show the pin of the present invention include U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,111,419 issued to Pellegrino, U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,720 issued to 
Shepherd, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,078,801 issued to White, Sr. 
Of the bipartite pins known in the prior art, U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,696 
issued to Tanaka is notable in its split and toothed features. However, 
this pin is not suited to the present application for a plastic molded 
puck. First, the teeth of the Tanaka pin are aligned substantially along a 
single plane substantially perpendicular to a central axis passing 
concentrically through the head of the pin, as well as nearly parallel to 
the peripheral wall of the shank. Thus, the tip of the pin is almost one 
half of the total diameter of the total diameter of the shank of the pin 
when joined together. Such a configuration teaches away from the structure 
of the present invention; moreover, Tanaka fails to describe or teach the 
use of a reduced tip size as an important factor in the insertion of 
quality runners or glide pins during the manufacturing process of a puck 
to increase the useful life of the puck. 
Other patents describing pins for binding loose leaves which suffer from 
the above described and other disadvantages include U.S. Pat. No. 
2,201,551 issued to Welk and U.S. Pat. No. 1,418,314 issued to McBee. An 
toothed insulator is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 607,315 issued to Wingard, and 
an inclined split bolt is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 150,060 issued to Lapham. 
Clearly, the above demonstrates a need for a game puck including an 
improved glide pin. None of the above references, taken alone or in 
combination, are seen as teaching or suggesting the presently claimed game 
puck. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention overcomes the limitations of the above inventions by 
providing a diagonally split pin and game puck combination. The shell has 
a plurality of throughbores (or apertures) radially disposed and 
interposed between the upper and lower faces of the puck. An oversized, 
two-piece glide pin is received in each throughbore. Each piece has teeth 
that align and interengage when the glide pin is assembled in a 
throughbore. 
The pin is provided having a diagonally split shank defining a plurality of 
mating teeth and a predetermined total shank diameter when joined. Each 
resulting component has an inclined toothed or serrated surface which 
mates with a like component, each component having a tip diameter which is 
substantially less than one-half of the diameter of the total shank 
diameter. Thus when a pair of pin components are abutted at the tip, a 
reduced diameter is defined which approximates one half or less of the 
total shank diameter. This diameter permits insertion of a pin component 
into each mouth of a puck aperture and joinder of the pin in a manner 
which, first, as the tips abut, permit a large margin of space to avoid 
insertion damage at the mouth of the aperture, and, second, as the tips 
are driven by one another in opposing directions, cause the pin to reach a 
total shank diameter that not only matches the aperture diameter, but may 
actually slightly exceed the diameter of the aperture to the extent of 
micrometer tolerances. 
The oversized pins may locally bulge the material about the receiving 
throughbore and generate annular flat spots between neighboring pins. Each 
glide pin has a first head that protrudes beyond the upper face and a 
second head that protrudes beyond the lower face. The puck traverses the 
street hockey playing surface with minimal friction on the heads of the 
glide pins. 
In consideration of the above, an object of the invention is to provide a 
game puck that has a split pin having a configuration suited to the molded 
manufacture of a puck. 
A further object of the invention is to provide a game puck that includes 
glide pins with heads that contact the playing surface, enhancing the 
sliding capabilities of the puck. 
An additional object of the invention is to provide a game puck includes 
interchangeable glide pins with teeth that self align and interengage when 
received in the game puck. 
Yet a further object of the invention is to provide improved elements and 
arrangements thereof in an apparatus for the purposes described which is 
inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended 
purposes. 
These and other objects of the present invention will become readily 
apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, the invention includes a disc-shaped puck 
body 10 having a plurality of throughbores or apertures 12. The puck body 
10 is constructed from polyvinylchloride, "PVC" hereinafter, formulated 
with high- and low-temperature plasticizers. The plasticizers maintain 
relatively constant durometer within the PVC between temperatures of 
50.degree. through 100.degree. Fahrenheit (F). Maintaining constant 
durometer in a material through a range of temperatures provides desirable 
constant density, deflection and expansion properties. These consistent 
properties provide street hockey players with a puck having predictable 
playing characteristics. A puck having predictable playing characteristics 
reduces the variables players must master. Limiting the number of 
variables permits players to improve their skills rapidly. 
In FIG. 1, a representative game puck body 10 is shown with a first 
embodiment of a glide pin 38 being received in the throughbore 12. The 
puck body 10 includes a shell 28 that circumscribes and joins a center 
film 24. Preferably, the puck body 10, center film 24 and shell 28 define 
an upper face 30, a lower face 32 and an annular surface 34. When force is 
applied to the shell 28, the shell 28 urges the center film 24 to 
compress. However, the center film 24 is purposed at absorbing impact and 
providing the brunt of the rebound action. 
Preferably, the puck body 10, center film 24 and shell 28 are integrally 
constructed. Integral construction permits large-scale injection molding 
that is inherently less expensive than production and assembly of multiple 
parts. The shell 28 may be fabricated such that it deforms on impact, as 
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,410, discussed supra. 
The shell 28 has a plurality of throughbores 12, defining an interior wall 
36, the throughbores 12 radially spaced about and interposed between the 
upper face 30 and lower face 32 of the puck. A glide pin 38 is received in 
each throughbore 12. 
As best seen in FIG. 2, the glide pin 38 is a split pin of bipartite 
construction. The pin 38 is shown having a first head 40, which protrudes 
beyond the upper face 30, and a second head 42, which protrudes beyond the 
lower face 32. Each head 40 and 42 has a larger diameter than the 
throughbore 12 receiving the glide pin 38, to assure that the glide pin 38 
does not pass through the puck. Each head 40 and 42 is shown received in a 
counterbore 44 at each end of and coincident with each throughbore 12. The 
counterbores 44 lend stability to the glide pin 38 and lessen the effect 
of the shear force on the pin 38. Moreover, were the glide pin 38 not thus 
securely held in place, the pin would vibrate as the puck traverses a 
coarse playing surface, dissipating the kinetic energy of the puck and 
reducing the desired play speed. 
The glide pin 38 is constructed from hard thermal plastic polymer with a 
durometer within the range of 70 to 100 shore on the "D" scale. 
Additionally, the polymer includes 5 to 40 percent fiber fill to enhance 
stiffness as is well known in the art of polymerization. Material having 
this durometer generally has enhanced lubricity, a characteristic which is 
exploited to considerable benefit. The enhanced lubricity reduces the 
coefficient of friction between the glide pin 38 and a playing surface, 
providing faster play. The plastic also allows a glide pin 38 to be 
replaced by clipping off one of the heads 40 or 42 and inserting a new 
glide pin 38. Glide pins 38 having different durometers and lubricity 
characteristics may be inserted in each throughbore 12 to provide the puck 
a variety of friction coefficients for different playing surfaces. 
As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the glide pin 38 is shown formed from two 
shank members, 38a and 38b, joining heads 40,42, respectively. The pin 38 
is thus provided having a diagonally split shank 39 defining a plurality 
of mating teeth 45a,45b and a predetermined total shank diameter, when the 
component parts 38a,38b are fully joined. The predetermined total shank 
diameter may equal or slightly exceed that of the aperture diameter, and 
is represented by line D. 
Each mating shank member has an inclined toothed or serrated surface which 
mates with its mating component. Any style or shape of tooth may be 
chosen, such as a plurality of teeth forming a serrated incline, or, in 
the alternative, a serpentine incline; however, the serrated incline is 
preferred. Each shank member 38a and 38b has teeth 45a and 45b, 
respectively, disposed on planes 46d and 46b, respectively, at a 
predetermined angle relative to the longitudinal axis 48 of the glide pin 
38. The predetermined angle is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 degrees 
from the longitudinal axis. The teeth 45a and 45b, when the planes 46d and 
46b are urged to mate, interengage, permanently securing the glide pin 38 
in its respective throughbore 12. Each shank member tapers along its 
imaginary incline plane 46d or 46b from proximate the head 40 to a tip end 
60 including a first tooth. Each shank member 38a,38b has a maximum tip 
diameter through the tooth which is substantially less than one-half of 
the total shank diameter D. The preferred diameter of tip end 60 is less 
than one-third of the total shank diameter D. 
Thus, in the preferred embodiment, when a pair of shank members 38a,38b are 
abutted at the tip end, a reduced diameter is defined which approximates 
two thirds or less of the total shank diameter. This diameter permits 
insertion of a shank member 38a,38b into each mouth of a puck aperture 12 
so that, during joinder of the shank members 38a,38b, as the tip ends 60 
abut, a large margin of space between wall 36 and the tip end 60 occurs. 
This avoids insertion damage at the mouth of the aperture. 
Moreover, as the tip ends 60 are driven past one another in opposing 
directions, the total shank diameter D is eventually reached when the tip 
ends 60 meet. Thus, the diameter of the split pin shank 39 not only 
matches the aperture diameter, but may actually slightly exceed the 
diameter of the aperture to the extent of micrometer tolerances to further 
add holding strength to the pin within the puck. 
However two embodiments of the pin shank 39 are presented for differing 
functional results. In a first embodiment, each shank member 38a and 38b 
terminates in a blunt tip 37. When shank member 38a or 38b is fully 
inserted in the throughbore 12, each blunt tip 37 abuts a complementary 
shoulder 35 on the mating shank member 38a or 38b. The abutting shoulder 
35 prevents the shank diameter D from being exceeded. 
As shown in FIG. 3, in the second embodiment of the pin shank 38a,38b, the 
tip end 60 is modified to eliminate the blunt tip 37, and instead, 
continue the plane of inclination by providing an inclined tip 15, shown 
by phantom lines. The advantage to such an inclined tip 15 is that kinetic 
energy can be dissipated in the manner of a shock absorber by allowing 
displacement of the shank members 38a,38b in the micrometer range. The 
tight fit provided by the split pin 38 against the throughbore wall 36 
prevents excessive outward displacement which may adversely affect the 
holding strength of the pin 38 within the puck body 10; in fact, inward 
pressure on the pin will force an increase in diameter, further binding 
the shank members 38a,38b. 
A further characteristic of each tooth 45a,45b which provides an added 
advantage to the manufacture of plasticized PVC pucks is flexibility. Each 
tooth is preferably dimensioned and configured to a thin enough size where 
the material properties of which each tooth is made permits flexing 
sufficient to permit the passage of opposing teeth, thus limiting the 
outward displacement of the circumferential wall of the pin shanks 
38a,38b, yet resilient enough to retain its original shape to engage an 
opposing tooth. 
This feature is particularly important in the manufacture of plasticized 
PVC pucks. As noted above, the throughbore 12 is prone to enlargement by 
cooling of the plasticized PVC, and thus a snug fit may be difficult to 
achieve with prior art pins. Moreover, the molecular characteristics of 
plasticized PVC during the curing process also cause shrinkage, 
irrespective of cooling, contributing to the problem. Finally, the 
plasticized PVC before the final cure state has nearly no rebound 
properties, i.e. no resilient memory, which can result in an enlarged 
throughbore by virtue of the mechanical forces exerted upon wall 36 during 
the insertion of a pin 38. In other words, the hole is stretched and 
cannot return to its intended diameter. 
This problem becomes particularly relevant when the tip end 60 of each 
shank member 38a,38b reaches the last tooth proximate the head 40,42, 
respectively. As the tip end 60 passes by the last tooth to reach its 
final position abutting shoulder 35, the circumferential wall must 
necessarily be displaced, pressing outwardly against the aperture wall 36. 
However, the teeth 45a,45b, as a whole serrated incline, should be 
sufficiently small-sized and flexible to prevent exceeding the threshold 
force which permanently enlarges the throughbore due to the non-resilient 
properties of the plasticized PVC at a given temperature. In commercial 
production of pucks using such pins having small and flexible teeth, 
tolerances between the pin shank and aperture wall of plus zero and minus 
zero have been achieved. 
Regarding the method for constructing the present game puck, and referring 
to FIG. 4, the invention provides a method for constructing a puck such as 
the one described above. The method includes providing a mold 50 having a 
cavity defining the outer surface of a puck. The mold 50 includes a 
predetermined number of casting puck bodies 51 around which the injected 
material must flow. 
The method includes the step of injecting material into the mold 50 through 
a centrally-disposed fan gate 52. The central location of the fan gate 52 
represents a point of novelty not found in the prior art. Typically, prior 
art pucks would be produced in molds having laterally-disposed gates. Hot 
plastic material flows from the laterally-disposed gates through the mold 
cavity and around the casting puck bodies therein. As the plastic flows, 
it cools. By the time the plastic material has reached the farthest point 
from the gate, the material has begun to set. This is significant in two 
ways. 
First, the material delivered into the mold has a density proximal to the 
gate significantly variant from that of the material distal to the gate. 
Nonuniform density introduces imbalance and thermally-sensitive 
concentricity. Imbalance occurs when a body has nonuniform mass. A puck 
constructed of material with lesser and greater density portions 
dichotomously ordered has nonuniform mass. Thermally-sensitive 
concentricity occurs when, as the temperature of the body increases, the 
body expands in a nonuniform manner and goes out of round. Bodies having 
anisotropic density characteristics expand non-uniformly as temperature 
increases. 
Second, casting puck bodies force flowing plastic material to part and form 
two streams. Theoretically, the streams are supposed to merge, forming a 
uniform mass. However, with respect to casting puck bodies distal to the 
gate, the plastic material has cooled considerably prior to its 
bifurcation. Rather than the streams merging once past the casting puck 
body, the skins of each stream may adhere, forming a cold joint. Cold 
joints introduce anisotropic characteristics in the molded body. 
A player may realize the effects of imbalance, non-concentricity and/or 
anisotropically-diverged cold joints in the form of puck wobble, skewed 
trajectory and unpredictable rebounding. A cold joint also tends to fail, 
introducing a stress node along which the puck may crack. The present 
invention, by providing for a central fan gate, has a shorter distance 
over which to flow than a mold constructed with laterally-disposed gate. 
The shorter distance reduces the density discrepancies within the puck. 
Centrally-disposed fan gate also reduce the opportunities for cold joints 
to form. Even if cold joints did form, they would be 
isotropically-diverged within the body. 
The method further includes setting the plastic material and ejecting the 
puck from the mold, as is well known in the art. 
The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments 
described above, but to encompass any and all embodiments within the scope 
of the following claims.