High volume dough piece production apparatus

Dough pieces are produced in high volume by a plurality of dual extruders spaced across a conveyor and each having a pair of extrusion nozzles aligned in the direction of conveyor travel. A cut-off mechanism severs the dough extrusions to deposit dough pieces on the conveyor. The speed of the conveyor is related to the speed of the cut-off mechanism so that the dough pieces produced by each extruder form a single uniformly spaced line. The extruders are fed from a common supply through individual inlets and means are provided to balance the flow through the nozzles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to apparatus for producing dough pieces, and 
more particularly, high volume apparatus for producing dough pieces cut 
from extruded dough. 
In the baking industry there are continuous technological efforts to 
increase the rate of product flow through the dough forming, baking, and 
packaging operations of the manufacturing process. 
The dough pieces for certain baked products are formed by the wire cut 
method. In this operation, dough is extruded from a horizontally oriented 
die and sections of the dough are sliced off by a thin moving wire. 
The speed of the baking and packaging operations have advanced to the point 
where the commercially available wire cut machines cannot supply dough 
pieces at a rate sufficient to match those operations. While the extrusion 
rate can be increased considerably without difficulty, there is a 
practical limit to the speed at which the cutting wire will efficiently 
form dough pieces. 
A wire cut machine deposits dough pieces onto a conveyor belt in a series 
of parallel rows or columns. The normal speed of operation of these 
machines is between 150 and 180 pieces per minute for each line deposited 
on the conveyor. 
At these speeds, the wire cuts cleanly through the extruding dough without 
transferring a significant amount of energy to the piece cut off. The 
pieces fall vertically onto the conveyor in a consistent uniform pattern. 
When these machines run at speeds greater than 180 pieces per minute, the 
pattern is disrupted in two ways. At these high speeds the machine begins 
to vibrate and this effects the placement of the dough pieces. Also, the 
wire, because of its speed, transfers sufficient energy into the pieces to 
throw the pieces horizontally in an unpredictable manner. In addition, 
when the dough contains particles such as chocolate chips, the energy 
transferred to the pieces varies according to the number and location of 
the particles which are struck by the wire as it passes through the 
extrusion. 
As a result of this unpredictable horizontal displacement of the dough 
pieces, the dough pieces are deposited on the conveyor in an irregular 
pattern which effects the baking and packaging operations. Modern 
efficient automated packaging machinery requires that the baked articles 
be arranged in well defined rows. Also, wire cut dough pieces generally 
spread during baking. Therefore, dough pieces which are too close together 
fuse into one large irregular baked piece and must be discarded. Modern 
packaging methods also require that the dough pieces be uniform in size so 
as to produce baked products of uniform size and weight which can be 
processed by automatic machinery. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide apparatus for 
producing dough pieces in high volume. 
Another object is to provide such apparatus for producing wire cut dough 
pieces arranged in well defined rows. 
Another object is to provide extrusion apparatus containing simple and 
effective means for balancing the flow of dough from a plurality of 
nozzles fed by a common source. 
The foregoing objects are accomplished by providing a conveyer and a dough 
piece former having plural outlets spaced along the direction of travel of 
the conveyor, the speed of the conveyor being related to the operating 
speed of the dough piece former so as to form a line of evenly spaced 
dough pieces; and by providing throttling apparatus for balancing the flow 
of dough from a common source to individual nozzles.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to the drawings in detail, there is shown apparatus according to 
the present invention which includes a conveyor 10 having a belt 11, are a 
wire cut dough machine 12 positioned over the conveyor. The machine 11 
incorporates a series of dual extruders 14 spaced across the conveyor 10, 
each having two extrusion nozzles 15, 16. The extruders 14 are fed from a 
common hopper 17 by two feed rolls 18, 19. The hopper 17 and the rolls 18, 
19 extend transversly of the conveyor across the extruders. A wire cut 
mechanism 20 simultaneously slices through the dough extruding from the 
nozzles 15, 16 to form dough pieces which fall upon the conveyor belt. 
Referring now to FIG. 4, dough is forced by the rolls 18, 19 between a pair 
of scrapers 21 into the inlets 22 of the extruders. Each of the extruders 
14 comprise a dual auger 24 fitted into a bore 25 in an auger housing 26. 
The nozzles 15, 16 are fastened to the bottom of the housing 26 in line 
with discharge openings 27, 28 at opposite ends of the dual auger. 
The dual auger 24 comprises a right hand thread section 29 and a left hand 
thread section 30 which meet at the center beneath the inlet opening 22. 
At the discharge ends of the augers, the minor diameter (the diameter of 
the central body) is increased to develop a greater dough pressure at the 
nozzles. 
The shafts 32 on which the augers are formed are journalled at one end in a 
bearing block 34 and extend in the opposite direction through a block 35 
which supports the drive motor 36 and gear train 37 which power the 
augers. The gear train includes a drive gear 39 mounted on the end of each 
shaft 32 and intermeshed with the adjacent gears 39. Since the gear train 
drives adjacent shafts in opposite directions, the augers formed on 
adjacent shafts are pitched oppositely. The shafts 32 are locked against 
axial movement with respect to the block 35 by suitable thrust bearings. 
The support block 35 is mounted on a pair of shafts 40 which extend through 
the block 35 and into a bore 41 in the auger housing 26, as shown in FIG. 
2. A rod 42, threaded at both ends, extends through the auger housing and 
is screwed into the end of the shaft 40 in the bore 41. A nut 44 is 
provided on the free end of the rod 42 to position the support block 35, 
and thereby the augers 24, relative to the auger housing 26. The position 
of the augers 24 with respect to the inlets 22 effects the relative rate 
of dough flow to the left hand and right hand portions of the auger. 
The free end of each shaft 40 rests, for support, on the edge of a vertical 
plate 45, as shown in FIG. 1. A tube 46, provided with a slot in the 
bottom to admit the plate 45, surrounds the free end of each shaft 40. 
Each tube 46 is provided with a cap 47 on its free end and a flange 49 on 
the end adjacent the block 35. A bolt 50 extending through the cap 47 is 
threaded into the end of the shaft 40 to urge the sleeve to the right (as 
seen in FIG 1) and position the flange 49 against the block 35. 
Referring to FIG. 2, a space 51 is positioned between the block 35 and the 
auger housing 26. The spacers, shown in plan view in FIG. 7, are provided 
with counter-sunk bolt holes 52 and are bolted to the housing 26. The 
thickness of the spacer needed is determined by trial and error using thin 
shims where the spacer is. The machine 11 is placed in operation and the 
spacing between the block 35 and the housing 26 is adjusted by the adding 
and removing of shims until the flow rate from the nozzles 15 and the 
nozzles 16 are equal. Spacers of the required thickness are then 
substituted for the shims. 
In a conventional bakery setup, the wire cut dough machine could contain 18 
or more augers spaced across the conveyor belt. The augers and bores are 
formed by machining, and, even with strict tolerances some variations from 
part to part are unavoidable. Also, the flow rate from the hopper to the 
inlet openings tend to decrease at the ends of the hopper where friction 
with the end walls of the hopper produces a degree of laminar flow. The 
effects of these factors would result in variations in the size of the 
dough pieces in some rows with respect to that in others. Therefore, 
individually adjustable throttling mechanisms are provided at each inlet 
22 to balance the output of the extruders 14. 
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a choke rod 54 extends through the auger housing 
26 to intersect the edge of each opening 22. The rods 54 are cut out to 
provide a curved surface 55 which matches the contour of the edge of the 
inlet 22. When the surface 55 is vertically oriented, the inlet is 
unrestricted allowing full flow into the dual extruder. As the rod 54 is 
rotated through 90 degrees, the restriction provided by the rod increases 
to a maximum. Each rod 54 is rotationally positioned by means of an 
adjustment plate 56. A square formation 57 is provided on the free end of 
the rod. The plate 56 has a matching square hole (not shown). The plate is 
mounted on the formation 57 and held by a bolt 58. 
Referring also to FIG. 5, the shape of the adjustment plate 56 approximates 
a circular quadrant. A curved slot 59 is formed in the plate along a 90 
degree circular arc having its center at the axis of the rod 54. Each 
adjustment plate 56 is locked in position by a bolt 60 which extends 
through the curved slot, into the edge of a block 61 mounted on the auger 
housing 26. 
The wire cut mechanism 20 includes a guide rod 62 mounted on each end of 
the machine 12 by a bracket 64. Sliding blocks 65 and 66 are mounted on 
each of the rods 62 on either side of the support bracket 64. Wire holding 
fingers 67, 68 are mounted on pivoted rods (not shown) which extend 
between the blocks 65, 66. Wires are stretched across the conveyor belt 11 
between the free ends of the fingers 67 and between the free ends of the 
fingers 68. The sliding blocks 65 and 66 on each side of the machine are 
interconnected by bars 69 for snychronous motion. The sliding blocks are 
reciprocated upon the guide rods by a crank mechanism 70 driven by a motor 
71. The reciprocating motion of the blocks 65, 66 move the cutting wires 
past the nozzles. Another crank mechanism (not shown) also driven by the 
motor 71 pivots the wire holding fingers 67, 68 upwardly toward the 
nozzles at the beginning of the cut stroke so that the wires move across 
the faces of the nozzles as the extrusion is sliced. On the retract 
stroke, the wire holding fingers are pivoted downwardly so that the wires 
pass below the end of the extruding dough streams. 
The conveyor 10 is driven by a motor 72 provided with a speed control unit 
74. The speed of the conveyor is adjusted with relation to the speed of 
operation of the cut-off mechanism 20, so that, between dough piece drops, 
the conveyor belt 11 moves a distance equal to two thirds of the spacing 
of the nozzles 15 and 16. Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown the drop 
pattern for one set of nozzles 15, 16. The nozzles are positioned above 
the circles marked "Drop Point" and are separated by a distance X as 
indicated. The circles on the conveyor belt 11 represent the dough pieces 
formed on four consecutive drops. The position of these dough pieces is 
that which they occupy at the time the fourth drop is made. The dough 
pieces marked "1"were dropped on the first drop and have moved through a 
distance of three times 2/3X. The dough pieces marked "2"were dropped on 
the second drop and have moved through a distance of two times 2/3X. The 
dough pieces marked "3"were dropped on third drop and have moved the 
distance 2/3X. 
Of these pieces, the "A" pieces were dropped from a nozzle 15 and the "B" 
pieces were dropped from a nozzle 16. The "A" pieces are separated from 
each other by a distance of 2/3X. The "B"pieces are likewise separated 
from each other by a distance of 2/3X, and each "B" piece falls halfway 
between two consecutive "A" pieces. Thus a line of dough pieces are formed 
in which te consecutive pieces are separated by one third the distance 
between the nozzles. 
It will be seen from the foregoing that the present invention provides 
apparatus for producing dough pieces in high volume which are arranged in 
well defined rows and are of uniform size and weight.