Head restraint with an autoreactive framework structure

A head restraint with a basic structure which serves to adjust the head restraint and to receive a person's head. The basic structure has a holding structure and at least one framework structure, wherein the framework structure has flexurally elastic flanks and deflectable cross struts which lie between the flanks and are arranged on the flanks via an elastic connector, as a result of which a force pulse which acts on the cross struts of the at least one framework structure via a flexurally elastic flank and which acts on a front side of the at least one framework structure from one direction causes a compensating, autoreactive deformation of the at least one framework structure at another point in the opposite direction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a head restraint with a basic structure which serves to adjust the head restraint and to receive a person's head.

2. Description of the Background Art

“Function-integrated, bionic car seats” are known from the prior art. The particular feature of these seats lies in the design of the backrest, which utilizes a fin ray principle. The use of this principle and the basic structure, the so-called fin ray structure, have already been described in EP 1 040 999 A2 for the construction of structural elements, such as backrests and seat areas.

A fin ray principle can be observed in fish. It is based on the special structure of the fin rays of fish. When a point is pressed, the principle causes the fin ray to move opposite to this pressure direction. The fin ray reacts to the pressure with counterpressure. This becomes possible because of the special structure of the fin ray with two flexible struts, which converge at a tip and there grow together solidly. Cross struts, which keep the flanks at a distance and allow elastic movements, are located between the two elastic flanks. If the tail ray is held firmly at the base and the middle of the fin blade is pressed with a finger, the fin tip contrary to expectations moves opposite to the pressing direction of the finger.

This operating principle was realized technically in a backrest structure of a car seat in the following manner: Two flexible flanks made of thermoplastic fiberglass composite (a so-called organic sheet) form the front and back of the backrest. These are attached at the bottom to the backrest base, run together tapering upwards, where their ends are connected. Struts attached in an articulated manner to the flanks connect the front and back sides and keep these at a distance. Such a backrest also provides support in the lumbar area, yields in the shoulder region mostly toward the back, and thereby simultaneously reduces the distance of a head cushion of a head restraint to the head of a seat occupant. In large displacements, as may also occur, for example, in a rear-end collision, whiplash injury can be effectively countered with the aid of such a backrest structure. Thus, an anti-whiplash effect in the head area can be achieved with such a backrest structure.

A vehicle seat that utilizes the fin ray principle is described in the publication DE 10 2005 054 125 B3. The backrest frame of the vehicle seat comprises a construction built on the fin ray principle in a frame-like fashion; the construction comprises a rigid rear wall, a flexibly formed plate-like front wall, and cross struts arranged between them. The cross struts extend in their longitudinal direction along the vehicle seat width direction. The front wall and rear wall, in contrast, have a longitudinal extension in the vehicle height direction. The publication provides a backrest of a vehicle seat, which can be deformed in a simple way by using the fin ray principle both in the lumbar and in the shoulder region with mutual interdependence.

Thus far, in the automotive sector it was only envisaged to develop a backrest whose upper part functions as a head restraint in a crash. The upper part of the backrest moves forward in the crash and thus prevents the head from falling backwards and the cervical spine from hyperextending. As mentioned above in the event of a crash, the so-called anti-whiplash effect is achieved thereby for the head of a vehicle occupant.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a single head restraint with a basic structure which serves to adjust the head restraint and to receive a person's head. The use of a fin ray principle for the head restraint is also provided according to an embodiment of the invention.

The head restraint of the invention with a fin ray design and the mode of action according to the fin ray principle is intended to be used not only in passenger vehicles but its application is also proposed for all vehicles, for example, also airplanes, buses, trains, and ships, or the like.

The head restraint according to the invention is given a fin ray structure or, in other words, an intelligent reactive structure, which functions or reacts using bionic approaches, as will be explained hereafter.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a support structure and the autoreactive structure in the nature of the fin ray design are proposed for the basic structure of the head restraint, whereby the autoreactive structure has a function that operates according to the explained fin ray principle.

It is provided that the basic structure comprises the support structure and the at least one autoreactive framework-like structure, called a framework structure below, whereby the framework structure has flexurally elastic flanks and deflectable cross struts which lie between the flanks and are arranged on the flanks via an elastic connector, as a result of which a force pulse which acts on the cross struts of the at least one framework structure via a flexurally elastic flank and which acts on a front side of the framework structure from one direction causes a compensating, autoreactive deformation of the at least one framework structure at another point in the opposite direction.

In an embodiment of the invention, the force acting in a direction generates the force pulse, which is transmitted via a person's head with the formation of a point of impact of the head or an area of impact of the head on the front side of the framework structure. The head restraint is adjusted in the opposite direction at another point, in a horizontal line transverse to the direction of the acting force, at least on one side to the side of the point of impact or to the area of impact of the force pulse.

The framework structure via the autoreactive adjustment to the side of the point of impact or area of impact of the force pulse in the opposite direction to the force pulse forms a type of side wing.

Contrary to the prior art, particularly a changed orientation of the framework structure is provided. In an embodiment of the invention, the flexurally elastic flanks of the at least one framework structure in the head restraint can be arranged in a transverse direction in a horizontal line transverse to the direction of the force producing the force pulse. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross struts of the at least one framework structure in the head restraint are arranged substantially in the vertical direction in the vertical line transverse to the direction of the force producing the force pulse.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the second flexurally elastic flank of the at least one framework structure can be connected at least partially to the support structure.

It is provided further to generate different, desired deformations of the framework structure that the framework structures have a triangular or a rectangular shape, whereby a plurality of framework structures of the same shape or different shapes can be assembled to form a multi-framework structure.

In an embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the at least one framework structure, connected to the support structure, of the head restraint can be arranged on a backrest as a single head restraint via the support rods, connected to the support structure, or the at least one framework structure of the head restraint is integrated into a structure of a backrest.

In an embodiment of the invention, separate “comfort side wings,” which are attached to the support structure, can be formed as the autoreactive framework structure. It is provided that the at least one framework structure is used to form the side wings, arranged on a support element of the support structure, whereby the side wings can be brought autoreactively out of a starting position into a comfort position and back in the direction of travel.

A cushion element, which is a foam part provided with a cover, can be arranged on the framework structure.

It is provided, in addition, that the framework structure of the side wings and the cushion element can be formed as a separate fin ray cushion element separable from the head restraint.

It is provided further that a sliding plane can be formed between the framework structure and the cushion element, whereby the sliding plane is arranged between a rear side of the cushion element and a front side of the framework structure of the side wings, in which the facing and adjacent areas of the back of the cushion element and the front side of the framework structure form a friction pair with a low friction coefficient.

In an embodiment of the invention, the foam part of the head restraint can be formed by a middle foam part and each side wing by an edge foam part and/or a corner foam part. In a preferred embodiment variant, the middle foam part is made of a softer foam and the edge foam part and/or the corner foam part of a harder foam, compared with the middle foam part made of the softer foam. In a further embodiment variant, the middle foam part can be made of a softer viscoelastic foam and the edge foam part and/or the corner foam part of a harder viscoelastic foam, compared with the softer viscoelastic foam of middle foam part. The associated advantageous effects are described in the description.

The support structure for receiving the framework structure of the side wings can have a trough-shaped formation.

It is provided further that the deflectable cross struts, lying between the flexurally elastic flanks, close to the flexurally elastic flanks form hinge sites or joint sites, whose elasticity is influenced in an advantageous manner by a performed material weakening.

To increase comfort further, it is proposed in an embodiment that the framework structure of the side wings in their starting position takes on a “V shape,” in which the side wings in the bottom area emerge “dish-like” forward toward an occupant's head from a plane in the normal installation position in the direction of travel.

The framework structure of the side wings in a further embodiment in their starting position forms a contact area for the head in the “V shape,” in that the side wings of the framework structure in their starting position lie in a plane, but at least in the bottom area of the side wings on the framework structure at least one foam part is arranged, emerging “dish-like” forward toward an occupant's head.

In an embodiment of the head restraint, the “dishing” is provided in that at least one corner foam part is arranged on the framework structure of each side wing, as a result of which in the starting position of the head restraint, in which the side wings lie in one plane, a dishing of the contact area of the head can be effected.

Further, an embodiment of the framework structure has proven advantageous in that, proceeding from an axially symmetric central axis of the head restraint or the side wings, a distance and/or length of the cross struts, oriented vertically between the flexurally elastic flanks in the normal installation state of the head restraint, decrease from inside to the outside.

It is proposed to improve the stability of the framework structure that a bottom area of the framework structure of the side wings is made reinforced and/or has stiffening.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the invention, the side wings, formed as the framework structure, on the front side of the framework structure in the area of the central axis can have an opening, in which an absorbing element accessible from the front side is arranged, which is a foam part, particularly in the fashion of a “pressure mushroom,” whereby in particular a viscoelastic foam is used.

An advantageous effect, which is achieved by the use of the viscoelastic foam, will be described in greater detail in the following exemplary embodiment.

It is proposed, in addition, that the framework structure of the side wings has reinforcing elements, which increase an adjustment path of the side wings from the starting position to the comfort position and back, which will also be discussed in greater detail in the associated exemplary embodiment.

In an embodiment variant the head restraint can be arranged pivotable on a head restraint pivot axis relative to a backrest, whereby the position of the head restraint relative to the backrest and thereby the position of the framework structure depending on the backrest tilt can be adjusted further manually or automatically to a more optimal position.

In another embodiment variant, the framework structure can be arranged pivotable on a framework structure pivot axis relative to the support element, whereby the position of the framework structure relative to the support element and thereby relative to the backrest depending on the backrest tilt can be adjusted further manually or automatically to a more optimal position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention will be described below. For the purposes of the present description, the conventional direction of travel of a vehicle is designated with “+x” (“plus x”), and the direction opposite to its conventional direction of travel with “−x” (“minus x”); the direction in the horizontal line transverse to the x-direction is designated with “y” and the direction in the vertical line transverse to the x-direction with “z.” This terminology for the spatial directions in Cartesian coordinates corresponds to the coordinate system generally used in the automotive industry.

If an “autoreactive” structure is discussed below, then this means a “reactive” framework structure, which by using bionic approaches obeys the previously described fin ray principle and automatically alters its form due to an acting force pulse.

Various Embodiments of Autoreactive Framework Structures120for Use in a Head Restraint100are Described Below:

FIG. 1Ashows a schematic illustration of a deformation of a triangular autoreactive framework structure120under the action of a force F. In the first embodiment, autoreactive framework structure120, seen in section, is made triangular. Framework structure120has a first flexurally elastic flank121and a second flexurally elastic flank122. Cross struts123are arranged elastically movable via an elastic connector124between flexurally elastic flanks121,122. Flexurally elastic flanks121,122and cross struts123may be made as planar, plate-like structures. In the triangular embodiment, framework structure120at one end forms a tip128and at the other end a bar129forming a base, formed by a cross strut123, which is arranged between the ends, diverging on one side, of flexurally elastic flanks121,122.

FIG. 1Bshows schematic sectional illustrations of different variants of the first embodiment, whereby the variants differ in the arrangement of cross struts123between flexurally elastic flanks121,122. Depending on the number and orientation of cross struts123between flexurally elastic flanks121,122, under the action of a force F, which acts in a point-like or planar manner on the first flexurally elastic flank121and exerts a force pulse on framework structure120, a deformation, different in each case, of framework structure120is produced. The direction of the deformation is opposite to the direction of the force pulse.

The deformation of triangular autoreactive framework structure120can be seen inFIGS. 1A and 1C. InFIG. 1A, deformed framework structure120is shown in section after force F has acted in the x-direction on the first flexurally elastic flank121. The starting position and the design of framework structure120, shown inFIG. 1A, corresponds to the top figure according toFIG. 1B. The deformation shown inFIG. 1Aresults when framework structure120is fixed immovably in the area of bar129.

The behavior is different, asFIG. 1Cshows, when not bar129but the second flexurally elastic flank122is fixed immovably at least partially. The then occurring deformation behavior is shown in the illustrations ofFIG. 1C, whereby each of the horizontal sequences of the illustrations ofFIG. 1Cis based on the configuration, shown on the left inFIG. 1B, of framework structure120. It can be seen that the deformation behavior of framework structures120changes. Depending on where the force F acts on framework structure120, a specific deformation behavior of the particular framework structure120is produced.

FIG. 2Ashows a schematic illustration of a deformation of a rectangular, particularly square framework structure120under the action of a force F. In the second embodiment, autoreactive framework structure120, seen in section, is made rectangular. Framework structure120again has a first flexurally elastic flank121and a second flexurally elastic flank122, between which cross struts123are arranged elastically movable by means of elastic connector124. Flexurally elastic flanks121,122in the second embodiment as well can be made as planar, plate-like structures. In the rectangular embodiment, framework structure120at both ends forms a base-forming bar129, which is formed in each case by a cross strut123. The particular cross strut123is arranged between the ends, diverging on both sides, of flexurally elastic flanks121,122.

FIG. 2Bshows schematic sectional illustrations of different variants of the first embodiment, whereby the variants differ in the orientation of cross struts123between flexurally elastic flanks121,122. Depending on the number and orientation of cross struts123between flexurally elastic flanks121,122, under the action of a force F, which acts in a point-like or planar manner on the first flexurally elastic flank121and exerts a force pulse on framework structure120, a deformation, different in each case, of framework structure120is produced. The direction of the deformation is opposite to the direction of the force pulse.

The deformation of rectangular autoreactive framework structure120can be seen inFIGS. 2A and 2C. InFIG. 2A, deformed framework structure121is shown in section after the force F has acted in the x-direction on the first flexurally elastic flank121. The starting position and the design of framework structure120, shown inFIG. 2A, correspond to the top figure according toFIG. 2B. The deformation, shown inFIG. 2A, results when framework structure120is fixed immovably in the area of bottom bar129.

The behavior is different, asFIG. 2Cshows, when not bar129but the second flexurally elastic flank122is fixed immovably at least partially. The then occurring deformation behavior is shown in the illustrations ofFIG. 2C, whereby each of the horizontal sequences of the illustrations is based on the configuration of framework structure120, as shown on the left inFIG. 2B. It can be seen that the deformation behavior of framework structures120changes. Depending on where the force F acts on framework structure120, a specific deformation behavior of the particular framework structure120is produced.

FIG. 3Ashows a schematic illustration of a deformation of a multi-framework structure, comprising two triangular autoreactive framework structures120, under the action of a force F from the x-direction. The multi-framework structure, made of two triangular framework structures120, is also called a double framework structure or “double fin ray.” The double framework structure, seen in section, shows two triangular structures. The double framework structure to form first triangular framework structure120has a first flexurally elastic flank121and a second flexurally elastic flank122, which at the same time is the first flexurally elastic flank121for the next triangular framework structure120. This first flexurally elastic flank121is opposite to a second flexurally elastic flank122of the second triangular framework structure120. Each of the two triangular framework structures120has cross struts123, which again may be made as planar, plate-like structures. In this embodiment, the double framework structure at both ends forms a base, which is characterized both by a bar129and by a tip128, which is formed by both framework structures120.

The deformation of an autoreactive double framework structure can be seen inFIG. 3A. InFIG. 3A, the deformed double framework structure is shown in section after the force F has acted in the x-direction on the first flexurally elastic flank121. The deformation shown inFIG. 3Aresults when framework structure120is fixed immovably in the area of the bottom base comprising tip128and bar129.

FIG. 3Bshows other special schematic sectional illustrations of further embodiments, whereby the three top embodiments differ in the orientation of cross struts123between flexurally elastic flanks121,122. These three top embodiments are not double framework structures. A deformation, different in each case, of framework structure120is produced depending on the number and orientation of cross struts123between flexurally elastic flanks121,122, under the action of a force F, which acts in a point-like or planar manner on the first flexurally elastic flank121and exerts a force pulse on framework structure120. The direction of the deformation is opposite to the direction of the force pulse.

The particular feature of the embodiment of framework structure120, which is shown at the very top inFIG. 3B, is that cross struts123are arranged obliquely between flexurally elastic flanks121,122. A small part of framework structure120is even formed without cross struts123.

The particular feature of the embodiment below it of framework structure120is that cross struts123form a <V> in the central area of framework structure120.

The special feature of the embodiment, again below it, of framework structure120, which is shown as the third from the top inFIG. 3B, is that cross struts123form an upside down <V> in the central area of framework structure120.

FIG. 38shows further schematic sectional illustrations of other embodiments, whereby the two bottom embodiments ofFIG. 3Bdiffer from the three top embodiments to the effect that these are multi-framework structures. These are combined together with the use of the same triangular shape. According to the invention, there is the possibility of combining framework structures with different shapes.

The embodiment, which is shown as the second from the bottom inFIG. 3B, is a double framework structure, as was already shown inFIG. 3Aand described in relation toFIG. 3A. The difference from the embodiment according toFIG. 3Ais that the arrangement of cross struts123has been totally omitted in one of the two triangular framework structures120.

Finally, the embodiment shown at the very bottom inFIG. 3Bis a triple framework structure. The triple structure, viewed in section, shows three triangular framework structures. To form the first triangular framework structure120, the triple framework structure has a first flexurally elastic flank121and a second flexurally elastic flank122, which faces a second flexurally elastic flank122of the second triangular framework structure120, which in turn at the same time forms the first flexurally elastic flank121of the third framework structure120, which is closed via a second flexurally elastic flank122. Each of the three triangular framework structures120has cross struts123, which may be made as planar, plate-like structures. At one end, the base of the triple framework structure is formed by two bars129and a tip128, whereby the opposite end also forms a base comprising two tips128and one bar129. It becomes clear that in this way multi-framework structures can be formed in any desired number of individual framework structures of different embodiments. Different forms of a plurality of framework structures can be combined to form a multi-framework structure.

The particular deformation behavior of framework structures120, shown from top to bottom in the sectional illustrations ofFIG. 3B, is shown in the illustrations ofFIG. 3C, whereby each of the horizontal sequences of the illustrations forms the basis of the configurations, shown on the left in each case inFIG. 3Band previously described, of framework structure120. The deformation of the particular framework structure120, as shown in the illustrations ofFIG. 3C, results when framework structure120is fixed immovably at least partially with its second flexurally elastic flank122. It can also be seen here that the deformation behavior of framework structures120changes. Depending on where the force F acts on framework structure120, a specific deformation behavior of the particular framework structure120is produced.

Different design forms of basic structures120of a head restraint100will be described below, which are formed with the previously described embodiments of autoreactive framework structures120. These design forms are only exemplary. It is understood that the previously described and also other manifoldly formed embodiments and design variants and combinations thereof can be used to form the embodiments of basic structures120of a head restraint100.

The Design Forms Described Below can have the Following in Common:

When head K exerts a force pulse on the first flexurally elastic flank121by a force F in the −x-direction, a compensating autoreactive deformation of framework structure120is produced at another point in the opposite direction in the +x-direction. The force pulse can be transmitted in a point-like manner at a point of impact P or moreover over the further course of the head movement via an area of impact A to head restraint100. The side areas of framework structure120give way with the formation of a type of side wings101substantially in the +x-direction, as is made clear with the direction arrows shown inFIGS. 4A to 4D. Therefore, a head restraint100can be brought from starting position I to a slumber or crash position II by the force pulse (seeFIGS. 5A to 5CandFIGS. 6A to 6C), as a result of which a slumber head restraint and/or a crash-active head restraint can be formed.

FIG. 4Ashows a first design form. Head restraint100has a support structure110as the basic structure. A framework structure120is attached to support structure110, as is shown inFIG. 3Bin the third illustration from the top. Framework structure120has the upside down <V> in the center. Viewed in the x-direction, framework structure120is formed axially symmetric. In the associated illustration sequence inFIG. 3C, the deformation behavior of this framework structure120becomes clear. The second flexurally elastic flank122is at least partially connected to support structure110, so that framework structure120is fixed immovably to support structure110. The first design form is described in still greater detail below by means ofFIGS. 5A to 5C.

FIG. 4Bshows a second design form. Head restraint100again has a support structure110as the basic structure. A double framework structure120is attached to support structure110, as has been described and is shown inFIG. 3A. In contrast toFIG. 3A, the second flexurally elastic flank122is fixed immovably to support structure110.

FIG. 4Cshows a third design form. Head restraint100has a support structure110as the basic structure. In the center of head restraint100viewed in the x-direction, a cushion, particularly a foam part125, is arranged axially symmetric. Foam part125in each case abuts the base of a framework structure120(on the left and right viewed in the y-direction), which in each case is formed by bar129. Preferably, both framework structures120are connected immovably via their second flexurally elastic flank122at least partially to support structure110. In this third design form, triangular framework structures are used as framework structures120, as they are illustrated in the top illustration according toFIG. 1B. The particular feature of this third design form is that the force pulse is transmitted via foam part125to triangular framework structures120. The advantage is that head K of the person does not come into contact directly with framework structures120. In the case of a small force F and thus a small force pulse, the transmission occurs via the back of head K point-like or during the further course of the head movement via a small area of impact A, so that the force transmission always occurs via foam part125indirectly to framework structures120. This force transmission occurs when the person by the back of his head adjusts head restraint100as a slumber head restraint. In the case of a strong force F and thereby a large force pulse, the transmission occurs via the back of head K over a large area of impact A, so that the transmission occurs indirectly via foam part125and directly via framework structures120, as a result of which the adjustment process occurs faster. This type of force transmission occurs when in the event of a crash the back of the person's head suddenly strikes head restraint100. This function enables the development of a crash-active head restraint100, in which the secure holding of head K of the person in head restraint100is to be realized within a short time.

FIG. 4Dshows a fourth design form. Head restraint100again has support structure110as the basic structure. A framework structure120is attached to support structure110, as has already been illustrated inFIG. 4Cand has been shown and described in the top illustration according toFIG. 1B. In contrast toFIG. 4C, no foam part125is arranged but the two triangular framework structures120are connected together via the first flexurally elastic flank121. In the middle of head restraint100viewed in the x-direction, a free space is created axially symmetric, which is formed between the particular base of framework structures120by the particular bar129of framework structures120and support structure110. An especially flexible double framework structure is formed by this measure, because no cross struts123are arranged in the central area of the framework structure. The reaction to a force pulse occurs immediately, as inFIGS. 4A and 4B, as soon as the back of the head strikes the first flexurally elastic flank121of framework structure120point-like or in the further course of the head movement in a planar manner.

FIG. 5Ashows a head restraint100on a backrest200. For example, a framework structure120is used, as is already shown inFIG. 4Aand described in relation toFIG. 4A. A front side120V of framework structure120is formed by the plate-like design of the first flexurally elastic flank121. A rear side120R of framework structure120is formed by the plate-like design of the second flexurally elastic flank122. Cross struts123are arranged elastically movable, also as plate-like elements, between plate-like flexurally elastic flanks121,122. Cross struts123run in the z-direction and flexurally elastic flanks121,122run in the y-direction. Framework structure120is attached to a support structure110, which is not shown. A cover or internally lined cover127can be arranged selectively around framework structure120. There is also the possibility of providing framework structure120as an insert within a foam of a head restraint120. In such a case, the foam is then provided with a cover127. InFIG. 5Awith the aid of the arrows, the reaction of framework structure120is clarified, when a force F strikes framework structure120axially symmetrically from the −x-direction.

InFIG. 5B, head K of a person is shown, whereby head restraint100, provided with a cover127, is in the starting position I. During striking of a force F, the deformation occurs according to the schematic sectional drawings shown on the left inFIG. 5B, to a slumber position II.

FIG. 5Cshows the result. Head K of the person is surrounded by the front side120V of framework structure120. Head restraint100forms the back and side contact surfaces126against which head K comes to rest, so that head K is securely received by head restraint100and held in a slumber position. The left illustration ofFIG. 5Cshows once again the deformed framework structure120in slumber position II within a cover127but without support structure110.

The top and bottom illustrations ofFIGS. 6A to 6Cshow as a set a position of the upper body and with the aid of measuring point130the position of head K of a person, sitting upright on a vehicle seat, whereby before a crash the person is still in an upright normal position in the illustrations according toFIG. 6A.

According toFIG. 6B, in a crash the person is moved in the −x-direction. The back of head K strikes point-like via point of impact P the front side of head restraint100and thereby front side120V of framework structure120, which is not shown in greater detail in the figures. In a crash, the transmission of the force F has the result that in the further course of the head movement a large area of impact A forms within a short time between the back of head K and front side120V of framework structure120; as a result, the reaction of the deformation of framework structure120occurs faster in the opposite +x-direction.

FIG. 6Cshows the mode of action, whereby it becomes clear from the illustrations that head K is received by side wings101, forming to the sides, viewed in the y-direction, of head restraint100. Side wings101in crash position II are substantially oriented in the x-direction.FIG. 6Cmakes it clear by means of the bottom one of the two illustrations that side wings101react differently when head K does not strike head restraint100axially symmetric in the −x-direction. If head K comes to lie more to the side in the y-direction, side wing101will deform on this side accordingly more greatly in the +x-direction, so that side contact surface126forms more rapidly, on the one hand, and is pivoted more greatly in the +x-direction, on the other, than side wing101forming on the opposite side.

This function of the formation of a contact surface126, formed more greatly on one side, in the event of a force pulse acting asymmetrically relative to the x-direction on front side120V of head restraint120also applies to the slumber head restraint previously described inFIGS. 5A to 5C. An asymmetrically oriented, lateral stressing by the back of the head of the slumber head restraint has the result that side wings101of head restraint100on the stressed side are pivoted more greatly in the +x-direction than to the opposite side.

The described possible head restraints100in an advantageous manner therefore have safety and comfort functions in the design as crash-active head restraints or slumber head restraints.

A lower technical effort is needed for the described head restraints100, because no actuators such as, for example, mechanical or pneumatic or electrical controls, are necessary. In comparison with other actuator systems for head restraint adjustment, an automatic reaction without additional actuators occurs in these autoreactive head restraints. The autoreactive head restraints are simple in structure, inexpensive, and particularly very light, so that in a further advantageous manner the result is a weight reduction of head restraint100.

Due to the safety function a gain in safety is possible with a low technical effort, whereby in an advantageous manner an automatic and load-dependent autoreactive adjustment of the head restraint contour occurs, which proceeds from the person and is transmitted via head K to head restraint K100and which can be used advantageously to avoid the whiplash effect of a person's head K.

Finally, it is pointed out that a head restraint100with an autoreactive framework structure120can be arranged not only as a single head restraint via support rods400on a backrest200, but that head restraint100can also be integrated into the structure of a backrest200. In this respect, then a backrest200with a head restraint100with an autoreactive framework structure120results, whereby backrest200itself can be formed with an autoreactive framework structure.

Other innovative details on the development of head restraints100with an autoreactive framework structure are described in the following figures. These details supplement the previously described basic principle.

Autoreactive Actuation of the Head Restraint:

FIG. 7Ashows in a section in the x/y plane a conventional head restraint100with side wings101, which are attached movably to a support element110A of a support structure110. The possibility, provided as a comfort function, of adjusting side wings101, in which side wings101starting from a starting position to a comfort position are brought closer to the occupant's head K, occurs in a manner known per se manually or by means of drives, which are generally accommodated in the available installation space of head restraint100.

Through the use of autoreactive framework structures120, which are employed as side wings101of head restraint100inFIG. 7Band utilize the fin ray principle, the necessity of having to operate side wings101manually or by means of drives no longer applies in an advantageous manner. This advantage is clarified in a further section, also lying within the x/y plane, fromFIG. 7B.

InFIG. 7B, an autoreactive framework structure120as side wings101is shown in the top area of head restraint100; at its bottom area122A, the structure is also arranged on a support element110A of the support structure, whereby side wings101are in the starting position and therefore have not yet adopted the comfort position. In the bottom area of head restraint100ofFIG. 7B, framework structure120is shown as side wings101by way of comparison in the comfort positions.

Side wing101according to the shown arrow is moved closer to the side area of a head K not shown in greater detail. This comfort position is brought about with utilization of the fin ray principle, when during movement of head K in the −x-direction a rear side of head K strikes the area of impact A with the force F.

An autoreactive actuation of side wings101of head restraint100results. In other words, a head-weight-activated autonomous raising of side wings101occurs in terms of a movement of side wings101from the starting position opposite to the direction of force, acting in the −x-direction, into the comfort positions in the +x-direction.

If the force F has not yet acted or no longer acts on autoreactive framework structure120, side wings101are unstressed and are still in the starting position or again adopt the starting position independently when they are again unstressed.

In an advantageous manner, an automatic adjustment of side wings101to the comfort positions and an automatic return to the starting position result. Depending on how great the force F is that acts on side wings101, an optimized, independent contour adjustment of side wings101to the back of the head or the side areas of the occupant's head K occurs.

A comparison betweenFIG. 7AandFIG. 7Bmakes it clear that the use of cables, wires, drives such as engines and pumps and friction hinges and control devices can be omitted. InFIG. 7B, such structural elements are no longer present and advantageously are no longer needed to adjust side wings101of head restraint100.

Design of a Sliding Plane and Formation of a Head Box:

FIGS. 8A and 8Bshow in further sections in the x/y plane head restraint100with support structure110. Whereas support structure110inFIG. 8Ais provided with a cover127, support structure110inFIG. 8Bis shown only schematically. Cover127in a preferred embodiment is lined on its inner side with foam. In this type of embodiment, support structure110is a so-called head box111, which is formed like a box and which at least on its outer side is padded at least partially with the foam and is provided with cover127; this will be addressed further below in greater detail. Details on the embodiment of the head box will be discussed in connection withFIGS. 15A to 15Eand16A to16D.

Autoreactive framework structure120, which forms side wings101, is attached to head box111. A cover127is also arranged on the front side120V of head restraint100. It is proposed that said cover127on its side facing autoreactive framework structure120also has a foam lining, so that a contact area126of head K forms on the head-side cushion element131, which is arranged above autoreactive framework structure120formed as side wings. Said cushion element131can be formed independent of the padding of the previously described head box111.

To keep the friction as low as possible between cushion element131, which, different from what is shown, is placed around side wings101to head box111, it is proposed to make provisions between cushion element131below autoreactive framework structure120in a sliding plane140extending in the z-direction to keep the friction coefficient between the inner side of cushion element131and the front side of autoreactive framework structure120as small as possible.

In a first embodiment variant, it is proposed that an additional structural element in the nature of a friction-reducing film, particularly a PE film, be arranged between cushion element131below autoreactive framework structure120.

In a second embodiment variant, a friction-reducing coating is proposed.

In a third embodiment variant, it is proposed to provide at least one of the surfaces that face one another of autoreactive framework structure120or of cushion element131with a wetting agent, whereby a release wax is proposed in particular.

It is essential in order to impede as little as possible the function, i.e., the relative movement of cushion element131towards autoreactive framework structure120, that the facing adjacent surfaces of cushion element131and framework structure120form a friction pair.

FIGS. 8A and 8Beach show further an opening160in autoreactive framework structure120in the manner of a gap running in the z-direction between side wings101. The gap is arranged axially symmetric when viewed in the x-direction. Opening160, the gap, forms the access to an absorbing element150, which will be discussed further in greater detail.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 8A and 8B, autoreactive framework structure120according to the illustrated section is formed trough-shaped in the x/y plane.

Absorbing element150is arranged on the bottom of the trough, whereas the rising side areas of the trough form the back of side wings101. Autoreactive framework structure120therefore on its side facing head box111has a formation111C, which is formed as a trough-shaped contour.

It turned out that the effectiveness of the autoreactive function of framework structure120during adjustment of side wings101from the starting position to the comfort position and back is supported when box section111has an analogous formation111C on its side facing framework structure120. According to the exemplary embodiment, head box111therefore also has a trough-like contour.

Hinge Structure of the Framework Structure:

FIGS. 9A and 9Bclarify in an overview a preferred hinge-like structure of autoreactive framework structure120. As has been described in the description of the basic principle, elastic connector124, in the manner of elastic cross struts123, are arranged movably between flexurally elastic flanks121,122.

FIG. 9Ashows a side wing101of head restraint100, whereby one of the hinge-like connections according to the detail inFIG. 9Ais shown enlarged in the right illustration ofFIG. 9B.

Flexurally elastic flanks121,122are also called straps and the cross struts123are also called cross ribs.

Joints or hinges, made as single or multiple parts, are formed as connector124between straps121,122and cross ribs123.

A one-part design makes possible in an advantageous manner the production of the autoreactive framework structure in one work step from one and the same material.

A two-part construction makes possible in an advantageous manner the production of the autoreactive framework structure120from different materials in a number of work steps.

The embodiment of the hinge or joint in a first preferred embodiment can occur in such a way that the hinge site or the joint site, for example, between strap121and cross rib123occurs through inwardly directed projections123A on both sides in cross rib123, by which the elasticity of the hinge site or the joint site can be influenced.

The left illustration inFIG. 9Bshows a first preferred embodiment with the inwardly directed projections123A on both sides, which cause material weakening on both sides, so that according to the two arrows arranged in the opposite direction it becomes clear that movement of cross rib123relative to strap121is promoted in both directions of movement.

The right illustration inFIG. 9Bshows a second preferred embodiment with only one inwardly directed projection123A on one side according toFIG. 9A. In the case of this one-sided projection123A, according to the arrow arranged in only one direction, it becomes clear that because of the one-sided material weakening of cross rib123at the hinge site or the joint site only one direction of movement is influenced by the material weakening of cross rib123.

This second preferred embodiment is advantageous insofar as during movement of side wings101from the starting position to the comfort position the resistance at the site of material weakening of cross rib123at the connection site to strap121is minimal.

Cross rib123or cross ribs123therefore can be easily shifted and without great resistance within strap121,122, so that the adjustment from the starting position to the comfort position already occurs at only low force application F.

Another advantage of the one-sided projection123A further is that the material thickness of cross rib123can be fully utilized to provide the material weakening on the side of cross rib123on which buckling of cross rib123relative to strap121occurs if side wing101is adjusted from its starting position to its comfort position.

On the other hand, the resetting of side wings101from the comfort position to the starting position is supported, because the opposite area in the one-sided projection123A is not weakened in terms of material, because cross rib123is tensioned relative to strap121during movement from the starting position to the comfort position. During the resetting, cross rib123pushes back to it starting position, as a result of which the resetting of side wing101is supported by the pretensioning arising in the particular cross rib123during movement from the starting position to the comfort position.

AsFIG. 9Amakes clear, in the case of a one-sided projection123A it is proposed to arrange the opposing connecting sites of a cross rib123alternately.

At the connecting sites, projection123A between flexurally elastic flank121(strap) and cross strut123(cross rib) is made on the right side and at the opposite connecting site, projection123A between flexurally elastic flank122(strap) and cross strut123(cross rib) is made on the left. By this alternating arrangement of the projections, the buckling movement of autoreactive framework structure120of side wing101is promoted from the starting position to the comfort position and back.

Embodiment of a V Shape of the Contact Area of the Head Restraint:

It turned out that a slight V shape of side wings101is perceived as pleasant in terms of comfort. This type of V shape is also called “dishing” of the contact area.

Within the V shape, in addition greater “dishing” of side wings101in the bottom area of head restraint100relative to the top area of head restraint100is perceived as pleasant. In other words, in the top area of head restraint100, according toFIGS. 10A and 10B, side wings101lie substantially in a z/y plane, whereas side wings101in the bottom area of head restraint100emerge dish-like from the z/y plane forward toward an occupant's head K.

To form the desired “dishing” of contact area126of head restraint100, a first approach is proposed which is based on the fact that autoreactive framework structure120is formed geometrically in such a way that said “dishing” arises within a one-part structural element. It is proposed to vary the material thickness of framework structure120or to vary the design and number of cross ribs123and straps121,122optionally having different material thicknesses, so that “dishing” is caused by the different material thicknesses.

This first approach basically also includes the solution illustrated inFIG. 10A. Pads, particularly foam pads, which can be a hard foam, are arranged in the bottom area of framework structure120.

These pads can be formed as a corner foam part125A and attached, particularly glued, to autoreactive framework structure120. By arrangement in the bottom corners of the contact area of head restraint100, viewed to the left and right in the y-direction, the bottom corner areas are raised compared with contact area126lying in starting position I substantially in the z/y plane. The corner foam parts125A can be arranged on one-part framework structures120or a multiple-part framework structure120, as will be explained below.

In a second more costly approach, it is proposed, according toFIG. 10A, to arrange among one another a plurality of autoreactive framework structures120with different geometric shapes, viewed in the z-direction and adapted to the imaginary line of the outer contour of head restraint100. Thus, a first framework structure120can be arranged in the top area of head restraint100, which lies in the z/y plane, whereas the second framework structure120underneath is slightly “pre-dished” in the middle area of head restraint100and a third framework structure120in the bottom area of head restraint100is “pre-dished” most greatly geometrically in the +x-direction. It is understood that more than three or also less than three framework structures120can be used to form the dished V shape of contact area126of head restraint100.

The second approach can be combined with the first approach, as is shown inFIG. 10A. A framework structure120formed from a plurality of autoreactive framework structures is provided on both sides with corner foam parts125A in the area of the bottom framework structure, so that contact area126of head restraint100is already “pre-dished” in starting position I in the +x-direction. Moreover, third framework structure120in the bottom area of head restraint100in starting position I of the framework structure in addition could be “pre-dished” most greatly geometrically in the +x-direction, so that the approach can be used in combination.

A third approach is proposed, which is shown inFIG. 10Bin a left and a right illustration. The “dishing” here is not produced by the geometric properties of autoreactive framework structures120or by arrangement of corner foam parts125A, but the upper outer corners of cushion element131in a first variant approximately in the area of the upper end of contact area126of head restraint100are given a fixation170(left illustration inFIG. 10B) on head box111.

In a second variant of the third approach, no fixation170is provided, but cushion element131is guided around above head box111. This flanging180(right illustration inFIG. 10B) also has the effect that the top outer corners of cushion element131are fixed to head box111.

In a third variant of the third approach, it is proposed to combine fixation170and flanging180of cushion element131.

It is understood that the variants of the third approach for creating the “dishing” can also be carried out in combination with the first or second approach, asFIG. 10Bmakes clear by the reference characters in the left and right illustration.

By fixation170(left illustration inFIG. 10B) or flanging180(right illustration inFIG. 10B), the one- or multipart autoreactive framework structure120is kept in the z/y plane by cushion element131in the top area, whereas the middle and bottom area relative to head box111is formed in the pre-dished position in starting position I and thereby already forms a dished contour in starting position I.

For pre-dishing, the geometry of autoreactive framework structure120is predetermined and/or the use of the corner foam parts125A in the bottom corner area of autoreactive framework structure120of side wings101is proposed. Corner foam parts125A are indicated inFIGS. 10A and 10Bwith the reference character125A. They are located behind cushion element131on autoreactive framework structure120.

Coordination of the Length and the Distances of the Cross Struts (Cross Ribs):

It has turned out further that by coordinating the distance230between cross ribs123and by selecting the length240of cross ribs123between straps121,122an advantageous effect is produced which is clarified with the use ofFIG. 11.

InFIG. 11, an autoreactive framework structure120is shown again in a schematic section in the x/y plane, whereby the left part of framework structure120is shown in a starting position and the right part of framework structure120for comparison and to clarify the effect is shown in a comfort position.

In the starting position (on left), it is shown that length240of cross ribs123proceeding from an axially symmetric central axis x1decreases from inside to outside. Moreover, proceeding from the axially symmetric central axis x1, distance230between cross ribs123becomes increasingly smaller from inside to outside.

As becomes clear in the shown comfort position (on right), cross struts123in a middle area210during the action of the adjusting force F in the −x-direction are compressed; in other words, cross ribs123lie substantially parallel to straps121,122.

The advantage is the maximum structure utilization of framework structure120; in other words, the available space is optimally utilized, because due to the fact that cross ribs123in middle area210are compressed, a large optimized adjustment path250in the −x-direction is achieved.

In addition, pressure spikes are prevented particularly in middle area210.

Owing to the smaller distance230and the smaller length240in outer area220of autoreactive framework structure120, side wings101are optimally stiffened, so that when a force F acts from the y-direction on side wing101, side wing101provides optimal improved lateral support.

A further advantageous design feature is made clear inFIG. 12. Flexurally elastic flank122formed on back120R of framework structure120has a material-reinforced bottom area122A. The reinforcement of the material of bottom area122A helps the stability of the framework structure as a whole.

In order to increase the stability of back120R still further, the reinforced area is provided in addition with stiffening260. Stiffening260comprises bottom area122A and in the exemplary embodiment is continued in the direction of the ends of side wings101beyond first cross ribs123.

It is advantageously achieved by stiffening260that framework structure120is not “pre-dished” unintentionally by a tension of cover127. A tautly arranged cover127otherwise leads to an unintentional adjustment movement of side wings101forward in the direction of the occupant's head. Such an unintentional adjustment movement is advantageously counteracted by stiffening260.

FIG. 13Ashows an embodiment variant for the formation of head restraint100. As described, contact area126of head K is formed by cushion element131which is provided with a cover and sits on autoreactive framework structure120preferably separated by sliding plane140(seeFIG. 8A).

Front side120V of head restraint100of autoreactive framework structure120(without cushion element131) is shown inFIG. 13Ain the perspective view laterally and obliquely from above, whereby a corner foam part125A is arranged and attached, particularly glued to autoreactive framework structure120, in the left bottom corner area of autoreactive framework structure120of head restraint100.

The use of corner foam parts125A in the bottom area side wings101helps the comfortable design of head restraint100with raised corner areas, as a result of which contact area126of head restraint100is changed, because the contact area now forms a so-called cushioned collar, similar to a neck pillow.

InFIG. 13A, in analogy toFIG. 10A, sliding plane140is formed on autoreactive framework structure120and corner foam parts125A. The one-part cushion element131is therefore placed on the one-part framework structure (FIG. 13A) or the multi-part autoreactive framework structure120(FIG. 10A) and corner foam parts125A, whereby cushion element131by means of corner foam parts125A forms the desired cushioned collar. Cushion element131is movable relative to autoreactive framework structure120and corner foam parts125A via sliding plane140, when side wings101move.

InFIG. 13A, cushion element131, as already shown inFIG. 8A, lies in a plane, when viewed in the x-direction, in front of autoreactive framework structure120with the difference that cushion element131now slightly projects from the z/y plane, therefore slightly raised, by corner foam parts125A in the bottom corners.

InFIG. 13Bin a perspective top view, from the front, of front side120V of head restraint100, a cushion element131is also presented, which as already shown inFIG. 8Ais arranged in a plane, viewed in the x-direction, in front of autoreactive framework structure120. Cushion element131is shown perspectively inFIG. 13Band as a section through head restraint100inFIG. 8Aand in the followingFIG. 14A.

FIG. 13Bclarifies an embodiment variant in which cushion element131comprises a plurality of foam parts125C and125B or125V and125A.

In the shown design form, foam parts125C,125B or125C,125A lie on autoreactive framework structure120. Sliding plane140lies between autoreactive framework structure120and multi-part cushion element131.

Cushion element131is formed as a cut foam part comprising a number of foam parts. Foam parts125C,125B or125C,125A are glued together in the plane (according toFIG. 13Bin the z/y plane) and are held together by a cover not shown in greater detail inFIG. 13B, whereby the cover surrounds preferably at the same time autoreactive framework structure120.

In the shown exemplary embodiment, cushion element131is formed as central middle foam part125C, which is surrounded by edge foam parts125B, which in each case form the lateral edge and the bottom corners of cushion element131.

Optionally (not shown) a central middle foam part125C is provided together with corner foam parts125A arranged on both sides, so that the middle foam part125C is taken to the edge and is supplemented by corner foam parts125A only in the bottom corners.

In starting position I, the middle foam part125C and edge foam parts125B lie in the same z/y plane or the edge foam parts125B slightly project, —raised—, from the z/y plane.

In the optional arrangement of corner foam parts125A, the bottom corners also lie in the z/y plane or are formed, raised, similar to edge foam parts125B and even in the starting position I of framework structure120emerge from the z/y plane.

As a result, a contact area126of head restraint100is already formed in starting position I; in said contact area the edge regions and the bottom corners or only the bottom corners project slightly. This effect is retained during movement of side wings101of head restraint100from starting position I to the adjusted slumber or crash position II.

This comfortable design with raised areas is popular among users. In this type of design, head restraint100as already mentioned is called a “neck pillow” head restraint. Edge foam parts125B or corner foam parts125A at the edge and/or the bottom corners form the cushioned collar, similar to the neck pillow.

It is provided in addition to make middle foam part125C from a soft foam and edge foam parts125B or corner foam parts125A from a harder foam. The effect is that the softer foam easily conforms to the head shape of the back of head K, whereby the harder inflexible foam assures the lateral support of head K, and improves the experienced comfort and enables a fold-minimized cover structure at the edge and/or corner area of cushion element131.

In addition, a softer and harder viscoelastic foam is used as the foam. Middle foam part125C is formed of a soft viscoelastic foam and edge foam parts125B or corner foam parts125A are formed of a harder viscoelastic foam. Viscoelastic foam reacts advantageously still better than non-viscoelastic foam to the individual head shape and conforms perfectly to the head shape in an advantageous manner. The viscoelastic foam provides a demonstrable high pressure relief, both at a low and high weight load. The soft and hard viscoelastic foam reacts optimally during normal use or in a crash and distributes the pressure within cushion element131depending on the acting force with prevention of pressure points.

FIGS. 14A to 14Cillustrate a design variant which influences the functional experience of the user of head restraint100of a vehicle seat in an advantageous manner.FIG. 14Acorresponds toFIG. 8A. Absorbing element150was already presented in the description toFIG. 8A.

In order to make the adjustment movement of side wings101as uniform as possible, it is proposed to form the foam arranged on or bonded to the inner side of cover127of cushion elements131as a viscoelastic foam.

The foam can be bonded to the back of cover127or sewn onto the back of cover127. The foam can also lie loosely below cover127on framework structure120.

The use of a viscoelastic foam offers the advantage that the viscoelastic foam produces a high resistance in the case of a rapid and large action of force F on the head restraint in the −x-direction. In contrast, in the case of a slow and small action of force F, the viscoelastic foam is barely perceptible. The viscoelastic foam then creates only a small resistance.

In the adjustment movement of side wings101of autoreactive framework structure120from the starting position to the comfort position, an equalization of the adjustment movement results in principle due to the viscoelastic foam. The comfort position does not occur abruptly upon impact of the force F, because the viscoelastic foam depending on the acting force F equalizes the adjustment movement.

During movement of the occupant's head K in the direction of head restraint100, the back of head K forms a contact area126on head restraint100. A point of impact P and an area of impact A were already defined in the description of the basic principle. At least the one already mentioned absorbing element150is arranged in this area.

In the exemplary embodiment, three absorbing elements150are arranged which are also formed as a so-called “pressure mushroom.” Said absorbing elements150are also formed of foam, whereby it is also proposed in an advantageous manner to use a viscoelastic foam, as a result of which the previously described advantages take effect also in the area of impact A or the point of impact P of head K on head restraint100.FIGS. 14A to 14Ceach show absorbing elements150, which are arranged in framework structure120. Framework structure120in the front area forms a gap160, via which absorbing elements150are accessible, so that in addition to the absorbing properties of cushion element131, the back of head K strikes absorbing elements150that exhibit a further absorbing effect.

A pleasant absorbing action arises when head K strikes the head restraint. The accessibility of head K to absorbing elements150is assured by the already described opening, in particularly gap160, provided in the framework structure.

FIGS. 15A to 15Eshow in different views a head restraint100in a first product design variant.FIG. 15Ashows a front view, whereasFIG. 15Bshows a bottom view of head restraint100.FIGS. 15C to 15Eshow side views, whereby the particular front side is provided with the reference character120V. Head restraint100comprises a head box111, which is support structure110for framework structure120or in whose hollow space a support structure110is formed. Head box111serves simultaneously to attach support rods400of head restraint100.

Head box111has a base part111A and an intermediate part111B. In the shown embodiment, base part111A is a plastic part, which is not provided with a cover. Intermediate part111B is a foam part, which is provided with a second cover part127B or it is also designed as a solid head box, which is provided only with a cover127B or with foam bonded to the inner side of cover127B. Intermediate part111B lies in part within base part111A and is connected in a suitable manner to base part111A.

Autoreactive framework structure120with adjustable side wings101is arranged on front side120A of head restraint100. Cushion element131, which has already been described in detail, is arranged on autoreactive framework structure120.

Framework structure120and cushion element131in the preferred embodiment according to the left illustration ofFIG. 10Bform a separate “fin ray cushion element”120,131, which is provided with a first cover part127A. The separate embodiment of “fin ray cushion element”120,131makes it possible that “fin ray cushion element”120,131can be formed to be optionally removable. The described fixation170to head restraint100is designed detachable to assure removal. “Fin ray cushion element”120,131can be separated from head box111in this design of intermediate part111B and be used as a head pillow. A corresponding mounting for attaching or removing “fin ray cushion element”120,131is provided in head box111either on intermediate part111B and/or on base part111A.

FIGS. 16A to 16Dshow in different views a head restraint100in a second product design variant.FIG. 16Ashows a front view, whereasFIG. 16Bshows a bottom view of head restraint100.FIG. 16Cshows a back view andFIG. 16Da side view, whereby the particular front side is provided with the reference character120V.

Head restraint100also comprises a head box111, which represents support structure110for framework structure120. Head box111serves simultaneously to attach support rods400of head restraint100. Head box111also has a base part111A (without cover) and an intermediate part111B with a second cover part127B. Intermediate part111B in this embodiment variant as well lies partially within base part111A and is connected to base part111A in a suitable way.

The difference to the first product design variant is that cushion element120,131with first cover part127A analogous to the right illustration according toFIG. 10Bis placed around the top part of intermediate part111B of head box111. This cushion element120,131guided over intermediate part111B and placed on intermediate part111B can optionally also be designed to be removable and to be used as a head pillow.

Exemplary solutions are presented inFIGS. 17,18, and19for increasing the adjustment path of side wings101from the starting position to the comfort position.

A first embodiment option, which will be clarified with the two top illustrations inFIG. 17, comprises integrating in bottom area122A a reinforcement structure300in the fashion of a diamond structure310into framework structure120. Upon action of a force F in the −x-direction, diamond structure310, according to the second illustration from the top, gives way laterally and side wings101arranged on diamond structure310are set more greatly into the comfort position compared with the previously described framework structures120.

A second embodiment option according toFIG. 17, third illustration from the top, comprises forming reinforcement structure300in a variation of several diamond structures110.

A third embodiment option comprises forming reinforcement structure300as a hexahedral structure320, whereby the same previously described effect can be achieved with the aid of hexahedral structure320.

FIG. 18shows further embodiment options for increasing the adjustment path of side wings101into the comfort position. A reinforcement structure300, again arranged in bottom area122A, according to the top illustration ofFIG. 18, is formed with pre-bent bars330. In the case of an action of force F in the −x-direction, according to the middle illustration ofFIG. 18, in this fourth embodiment option, first pre-bent bars330rise up, as a result of which side wings101of framework structure120are then raised more greatly than without such a reinforcement structure300with a pre-bent bar330or pre-bent bars330.

A fifth embodiment option is clarified by the bottom illustration ofFIG. 18. In this case, cross struts123(cross ribs) between flexurally elastic flanks121,122(straps) are pre-bent. In the case of the action of force F in the −x-direction, first cross struts123release their pretension force and, as described in relation toFIG. 11, lie against flexurally elastic flanks121,122, whereupon cross struts123that were not pre-bent also carry out the autoreactive adjustment movement of framework structure120into the comfort position, whereby the adjustment path is increased compared with a realization without pre-bent cross struts123.

A sixth embodiment option is clarified by the top figures ofFIG. 19. The sixth embodiment option comprises arranging as reinforcement structure300a four-link structure350in bottom area122A of the framework structure. In this sixth embodiment option, the advantageous effect also results that with force action F in the −x-direction the obtuse angle of side wing101penetrates four-link structure350, as a result of which side wing(s)101is/are placed overall more greatly into the comfort position.

A seventh embodiment option is shown in the third illustration from the top inFIG. 19. Reinforcement structure300in this embodiment option is formed of two four-link structures350.

Finally, in the bottom illustration ofFIG. 19, a reinforcement structure300is proposed, which is a combination of a diamond structure310and a four-link structure. In the bottom illustration ofFIG. 19, it becomes clear that during the action of a force Fin the −x-direction penetration of diamond structure310into four-link structure350occurs, whereby diamond structure310, as described forFIG. 17, gives way laterally and simultaneously penetrates four-link structure350, as a result of which the advantageous effect of the increase in the adjustment path is caused by overlaying of the described actions, effected by means of diamond structure310and four-link structure350.

FIG. 15EandFIG. 16Dclarify further that head restraint100in a first embodiment is arranged pivotable on a head restraint pivot axis Y relative to a backrest according to the arrows inFIGS. 15E and 16D, so that the position of head restraint100relative to the backrest and thereby the position of framework structure120depending on the backrest tilt can be adjusted further manually or automatically.

In another second embodiment (not shown), it is provided that framework structure120relative to support element110A is arranged pivotable on a framework structure pivot axis, whereby the position of framework structure120relative to support element110A and thereby relative to the backrest can be adjusted further manually or automatically also depending on the backrest tilt. In both embodiments, it is provided in an advantageous manner that framework structure120is always arranged in a more optimal position to the head position dependent on the backrest tilt. In other words, contact area126without striking the back of head K depending on the backrest tilt is changed in its orientation so that before striking the back of head K an optimized orientation of contact area126of head restraint100is already provided for.