Collapsible array of panels and a folding display made thereof

An array of panels foldably connected such that the array may be collapsed into a single stack of panels, and a method of manufacturing such an array. The array has at least three rows of panels, where the first and second rows have at least two panels and the third row has at least one panel. The panels in each row are foldably connected so that each row of panels may be collapsed into a single stack of panels. Each row of panels is connected to the row of panels below it so that the individual stacked rows may be further collapsed onto each other to form a single stack of panels. With this folding scheme, the array may have more than two panels in each row and may have more than three rows of panels. The panels define connecting pin channels that, when the panels are unfolded, are co-axially aligned with connecting pin channels of adjacent panels. Connecting pins are inserted into the co-axially aligned connecting pin channels to hold panels in a specific orientation with respect to each other. Further, the outer edges of the panels define indentations and prong receptacles formed within the indentations. Retainers are inserted into these indentations and prong receptacles to hold the panels in a specific orientation with respect to each other.

TECHNICAL FIELD 
The present invention relates generally to collapsible panel systems. More 
specifically, the present invention relates to an array of interconnected 
panels that may be collapsed into a single stack of panels. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Flat planar structures have numerous applications and are found in all 
walks of life. Often, these structures are too large and too heavy for one 
person to conveniently move from place to place. Such structures include 
visual displays of the type used to make pitches at business meetings, to 
attract prospective customers at trade shows or business conventions, to 
present educational matter in a classroom or lecture hall setting, and to 
effectively communicate information in numerous other situations. 
Companies often spend large amounts of money on large visual displays for 
such meetings, shows and conventions. As these displays are often heavy, 
often consist of several parts and often contain complicated mechanical 
support structures, carpenters, electricians and other skilled labor may 
be needed to assemble and disassemble the equipment. 
While these types of displays are effective in conveying information, size, 
cost and assembly and disassembly requirements often make such equipment 
cost prohibitive for many individuals who require such a display for 
business or educational purposes. An effective yet smaller scale 
lightweight display that can be disassembled, transported and re-assembled 
by an individual is desirable in many situations. For example, if one must 
give a presentation on Monday in New York and again on Tuesday in San 
Francisco, one needs the ability to disassemble such a display, transport 
it himself or herself without the need for a commercial carrier or 
delivery service, and easily re-assemble the display prior to the next 
presentation without the need for hiring skilled labor. Similarly, if one 
must make a classroom presentation requiring charts or other visual aids, 
one needs the ability to disassemble a display containing such visual 
aids, easily carry it himself or herself across campus, and quickly and 
easily re-assemble the display prior to the beginning of, or during, 
class. 
Various displays have been developed to address these needs. For example, 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,275,520 to Appleton, et al., relates to a modular panel 
system, comprised of at least four plastic foam core type panel sections, 
that disassembles for easy transportation. The panel sections fit together 
to form a single large panel for display purposes. The panel sections are 
held together by outer periphery support members around the perimeter of 
the large panel and by support panels in the rear of the large panel. Each 
rear support panel is fastened to a group of four abutting panel sections 
to fasten the group together. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,372,086 Hanlon relates to a segmented display mechanism 
having first and second display panels of lightweight sheet material. Each 
of these display panels is divided by vertical folds into a plurality of 
vertical planar sections. These sections lie in different vertical planes 
so that the top and bottom edges of each of the first and second display 
panels extend along a zig-zag path. This zig-zag path allows the first 
display panel to be supported on a flat supporting surface along its 
bottom edge. Similarly, the second display panel is supported by the lower 
first display panel. The bottom portions of some of the sections of the 
second panel intersect the upper portions of some of the sections of the 
first panel. This intersection is accomplished through vertical slots in 
the tops of the first panel sections and vertical slots in the bottoms of 
the second panel sections. The slots are vertically aligned so that the 
intersecting sections of the first and second panels interlock against 
movement in a horizontal direction and provide stability to the display. A 
third top display panel may be supported by the second display panel in 
similar fashion. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,046 to Herrgord relates to a lightweight display with 
upper and lower display sections. Each of the upper and lower display 
sections has a plurality of individual panels. These individual panels are 
joined together by flexible plastic hinges and are completely covered with 
a flexible sheet material so as to form a continuous surface over the 
multipanel display section. The upper and lower display sections are 
interconnected by a stiff spline that is inserted downwardly in a slot in 
the top edge of each panel in the lower display section. The upper edge of 
the spline then fits upwardly into a slot in the bottom edge of each of 
the panels in the upper display section. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,722,146 to Kemeny relates to a portable display unit with a 
plurality of panels connected through hinges along adjacent vertical 
sides. The hinges include flexible ribbons that extend between opposite 
faces of adjacent panel units. Upper and lower panel units of the panel 
display device are interconnected by a plurality of fasteners. One 
fastener is located on the top of each of the panel units in the lower 
display unit and fits matingly into the bottom of each panel unit of the 
upper display unit. 
However, certain drawbacks exist with the aforementioned displays. For 
example, Appleton, et al. relates to a display in which the individual 
panel sections are held together by support panels in the rear of the 
large panel. Thus, when the display is disassembled, the individual panel 
sections must be separately packed for storage and transportation. If 
material is printed on the fronts of the individual panels, the task of 
re-assembling the display correctly becomes more difficult and more 
time-consuming, as each individual panel must be correctly positioned 
during assembly. Further, because the individual panels are not 
permanently connected, there is an increased tendency for the individual 
panels to become lost or damaged. Also, the rear support panels represent 
additional pieces of equipment that must be stored. These additional 
pieces of equipment add to the space needed to store the display, making 
such a multi-part display even more difficult to disassemble, transport 
and re-assemble. 
Hanlon describes a display in which separate interconnected rows of panels 
are stacked upon one another in a non-planar manner to prevent movement of 
the rows of panels in a horizontal direction and to provide stability to 
the display. However, such a display is limiting in that if one desires a 
flat, planar surface for use as a backdrop display, such a surface would 
not be possible with the configuration in Hanlon. Further, assembly and 
disassembly is made difficult because each row, while being capable of 
being collapsed to a stack of panels having the width of one panel, must 
be unfolded and placed in slots in the tops of the panels in the row 
below. Thus, if an individual had to unfold a row consisting of several 
panels and then place the row of panels in the appropriate slots while 
holding the entire row, the task would become burdensome and difficult. 
Such a display may also not be as aesthetically pleasing as other 
displays, due to the visible slots required in the tops of the supporting 
row or rows of panels. 
As with the display in Hanlon, the displays in Herrgord and Kemeny each 
have a lower row of interconnected panels joined to an upper row of 
interconnected panels. It may be difficult for an individual using a 
display described in Herrgord or Kemeny to align the connectors of the 
panels in the upper row with the corresponding mating connectors of the 
panels in the lower row while simultaneously holding the upper row of 
panels. Further, in Herrgord, the continuous surface of the flexible sheet 
of material is typically a fabric affixed to the panels which adds to the 
difficulty of assembling and disassembling the display. The flexible 
ribbons that extend between opposite faces of adjacent panel units in 
Kemeny add to the difficulty in assembling and disassembling such a 
display, as the ribbons would tend to get in the way as one attempted to 
fit the top panels onto the fasteners on the lower panels. 
Providing a collapsible display in which each panel in the display is 
integrally connected to at least one other panel in the display is 
desirable for ease of assembly and disassembly of the display. A display 
constructed in such a manner avoids many of the drawbacks associated with 
above-mentioned references in that the display, even if collapsed, still 
remains a single unit. This feature allows for the display to be 
disassembled and assembled and keeps the individual panels from having to 
be separated from one another during storage and transportation. However, 
the individual panels of such a display must be foldably connected in a 
manner that still allows the display to be collapsed into a compact stack 
of panels that is easy for an individual to carry onto a plane, pack in a 
car or otherwise transport without the need to ship it via commercial 
carrier. 
Such a display is described in U.S. Pat. No. Re 30,777 to Ytter. Ytter 
describes a portable display system having vertically stacked panel 
assembly groups comprised of an array of panel assemblies. Two panel 
assembly groups are shown hinged together to form an array of panel 
assemblies two high by four across. The resulting display system can open 
and close in accordion-like fashion. With the exception of an inverted "T" 
at the top center of the 2.times.4 array, the panel assemblies are hinged 
where their edges meet. This allows the display system to be collapsed to 
produce a stack of panel assemblies with a frontal dimension of one panel 
assembly. 
As noted in Ytter, the display in the preferred embodiment consists of two 
panel assembly groups each consisting of a 2.times.2 matrix of panel 
assemblies. Although Ytter suggests that more than two panel assembly 
groups may be used, it does not disclose a folding display having a height 
greater than two panel assemblies. Furthermore, the arrangement of hinged 
and separated edges taught by Ytter does not lend itself to a taller array 
of panel assemblies. Thus, the folding scheme taught by Ytter may be 
limiting in applications requiring a collapsible display having a height 
of more than two panels. 
Thus, there is a need in the art for a planar array of panels 
interconnected in a manner that allows the array to be collapsed into a 
single stack of panels, regardless of the number of panels in each row or 
the number of rows of panels in the array, to facilitate ease of 
disassembly, transportation, and reassembly. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
As will be seen, the present invention overcomes the aforementioned 
drawbacks associated with the prior art. 
Generally described, the present invention provides an array of panels 
foldably connected in a manner that allows the array to be collapsed into 
a single stack of panels, regardless of the number of panels in each row 
or the number of rows of panels in the array. The panels are 
interconnected in a manner that facilitates ease of disassembly, 
transportation and/or assembly of the array. An array interconnected in 
such a manner may be utilized in a wide variety of applications. 
The present invention provides a collapsible array having first, second and 
third rows of foldably connected panels. The panels in each of these rows 
are foldably connected in a manner permitting each of the rows of panels 
to be folded to form a single stack of panels. The leftmost panel of the 
first row is foldably connected to the leftmost panel of the second row 
and the rightmost panel of the second row is foldably connected to the 
rightmost panel of the third row, thereby allowing the folded stacks of 
panels of the first, second and third rows to be folded together to form a 
single stack of panels. 
Additionally, the collapsible array in this embodiment may have a fourth 
row of panels foldably connected to each other in a manner permitting the 
panels to be folded to form a single stack of panels. The leftmost panel 
of the third row of panels is foldably connected to the leftmost panel of 
the fourth row in a manner permitting the first, second, third and fourth 
rows of panels to be folded into a stack of panels. 
The present invention may further provide a plurality of additional rows of 
folding panels, with each row having either a leftmost panel or rightmost 
panel foldably connected to a leftmost panel or rightmost panel in the row 
below such that all rows of panels in the collapsible array may be folded 
into a single stack of panels. Each of the rows of panels in the array may 
further have one or more panels foldably connected between the leftmost 
and rightmost panels in the rows. The present invention may further 
provide for additional panels foldably connected to the leftmost panel 
and/or the rightmost panel of at least one of the rows of panels. In the 
preferred embodiment, the rows of panels in the array may be collapsed 
into a single stack of panels having a frontal dimension of one panel. 
When unfolded, the array of panels can be arranged to be self-supporting in 
an upright position. Alternately, stabilizing pins or fasteners may be 
provided. Each of the panels in the collapsible array has a front surface, 
a rear surface, and peripheral edge surfaces. The edge surfaces of 
adjacent panels preferably each define at least one connecting pin channel 
that, when the adjacent panels are unfolded, is co-axially aligned with 
the connector pin channel of adjacent panels. A plurality of pins are then 
provided for insertion into the coaxially aligned connecting pin channels 
of the adjacent panels to hold the adjacent panels in a specific 
orientation with respect to each other. Further, prong receptacles may be 
defined along with indentations in outer edge surfaces of at least two of 
the panels. A plurality of retainers each having a back plate and at least 
two prongs extending from the back plate are insertible into indentations 
and the prong receptacles to hold the panels in a specific orientation 
with respect to one another. Or, clips may be fastened along the periphery 
of the array to maintain the array in a planar configuration. 
In manufacturing a preferred form of the present invention, a sheet of 
material having a core layer, a top foldable layer and a bottom foldable 
layer is provided. The sheet of material is cut to form a first row of 
panels, a second row of panels and a third row of at least one panel. The 
first and second rows of panels each comprise a leftmost panel and a right 
panel. The second row of panels is located above the first row of panels, 
with the leftmost panel in the first row being foldably connected to the 
leftmost panel of the second row. The third row of panels is located above 
the second row of panels, with the rightmost panel in the second row being 
foldably connected to the rightmost panel in the third row. The rows may 
be folded into a single stack of panels. 
Described in more detail, the material is cut in alternating fashion 
through the top layer and the core layer and then through the bottom layer 
and the core layer in the first row and likewise in the second row to form 
a plurality of panels capable of being folded into a single stack of 
panels. Further, the sheet of material may be cut to form a fourth row of 
foldably connected panels located above the third row, with the leftmost 
panel in third row being foldably connected to the leftmost panel in the 
fourth row. The sheet of material may also be cut to form a plurality of 
rows of foldably connected panels located above the fourth row, with the 
leftmost panel or the rightmost panel in each row being foldably connected 
to the corresponding leftmost panel or rightmost panel from the row below. 
The plurality of rows of panels are cut to be capable of being folded 
together to form a single stack of panels. If the panels are of uniform 
size, the plurality of rows of panels may be capable of being folded 
together to form a single stack of panels having a frontal dimension of 
one panel. 
Further, connector pin channels, as described above, may be formed in the 
core layer in a plurality of panels to allow the individual panels to be 
held together, by the insertion of connecting pins. The pins are inserted 
when the panels are unfolded such that connecting pin channels of adjacent 
panels are coaxially aligned. Indentations may also be formed in the outer 
edges of the panels, with prong receptacles being formed therein. A 
plurality of retainers, each having a back plate and at least two prongs 
extending therefrom, may then be inserted to hold the panels in a specific 
orientation with respect to one another. 
An array of panels may alternatively be manufactured by providing first, 
second and third rows of individual panels. Adjacent panels in each row 
are then hinged together. The leftmost panel of the first row is then 
hinged to the leftmost panel of the second row. The rightmost panel of the 
second row is then hinged to the rightmost panel of the third row. The 
hinges are operable such that the panels in the first, second and third 
rows may be folded into a single stack of panels. 
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide an interconnected 
collapsible array of panels. 
It is further an object of the present invention to provide an array of 
panels consisting of multiple rows of foldably connected panels that may 
be collapsed into a single stack of panels. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an array of 
panels that may be collapsed into a single stack of panels, regardless of 
the number of panels in each row or the number of rows of panels in the 
array. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an array of 
panels that may be easily collapsed, transported and unfolded. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an array of 
panels that may be used as a presentation display. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a collapsible 
array of panels that has numerous practical applications. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a collapsible 
array of panels that may be unfolded and locked in a specific orientation 
with respect to each other. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of 
manufacturing a collapsible array of panels in which the array is formed 
from a single sheet of a multi-layer material. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of 
manufacturing a collapsible array of panels in which separate individual 
panels are hinged together so that the array may be collapsed into a 
single stack of panels. 
Other objects, features and advantages of present invention will become 
apparent upon reading the following specification, when taken in 
conjunction with the drawings and the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to the figures, in which like numerals represent like parts 
through the several views, FIGS. 1 and 3 show a collapsible 3.times.3 
array of panels generally at 10 formed in accordance with the preferred 
embodiment of the present invention. The array of panels 10 is preferably 
formed from a lightweight three layer sheet of material. As shown in the 
side view in FIG. 2, on an enlarged scale, this three layer sheet of 
material is composed of a rigid Styrofoam core layer 12 and foldable top 
and bottom laminate layers 14 and 16 which are adhered to the core layer 
12. The outer layers 14 and 16 may be made of paperboard or any other 
thin, foldable material well known to those skilled in the art. This type 
of three layer sheet of material is well known to those skilled in the 
graphics and display arts and is typically 1/8 to 1/2 of an inch in 
thickness. However, it should be appreciated that the array of the present 
invention may be formed from a single layer material, or from any similar 
type of three layer material that is capable of being cut and scored to 
form multiple rows of panels that are foldably connected to each other. 
The top and bottom layers 14 and 16 connect individual panels, formed from 
the core layer 12, in a manner that allows the array of panels to be 
folded into a single stack of panels, as will be described in greater 
detail below. 
FIG. 1 illustrates a combination of cuts and scores that are made in the 
above-mentioned sheet of material to form the collapsible array of panels. 
The term cut is used throughout to refer to a severing of all layers of 
the sheet of material, while the term score is used throughout to refer to 
making a weakened fold line in the material. In the use of the preferred 
three layer sheet, a score refers to a line along which only the core 
layer 12 and either the top or the bottom layer 14 or 16 is severed, thus 
leaving adjacent panels foldably connected by either the top layer 14 or 
the bottom layer 16. Adjacent panels foldably connected by the top layer 
14 may be collapsed in a direction out of the sheet of paper on which FIG. 
1 is drawn and may be unfolded in a direction into the sheet of paper. 
Adjacent panels foldably connected by the bottom layer 16 may be collapsed 
in a direction into the sheet of paper and may be unfolded in a direction 
out of the sheet of paper. 
A die cutting machine of the type well known to those skilled in the art is 
preferably used to make these cuts and scores. Knives and bars on the 
cutting machine may be set to make the necessary cuts and scores in the 
sheet of material. However, it should be appreciated that the array of 
panels 10 may also be formed using numerous other manufacturing tools and 
methods well known to those skilled in the art. At this point, it should 
also be appreciated that other types of scores or hinges may be used to 
foldably connect adjacent panels in the array of panels of the present 
invention. For example, scores may be formed or hinges, of the type well 
known to those skilled in the art, may be used to foldably connect 
adjacent panels to allow such panels to be collapsed and unfolded both 
into and out of the sheet of paper on which FIG. 1 is drawn. 
Preferably, the above-mentioned die cutting machine scores the sheet of 
material along dash line AA, leaving the top layer 14 intact. The die 
cutting machine also scores the material along dot-dash line BB, leaving 
the bottom layer 16 intact. The die cutting machine also cuts the sheet of 
material along lines CC' and DD'. Further, the die cutting machine scores 
the sheet of material along lines C'C", leaving the top layer 14 intact. 
The die cutting machine also scores the sheet of material along line D'D", 
leaving the bottom layer 16 intact. Thus, the scores along the dash lines 
in FIG. 1 indicate that adjacent panels are connected by the top layer 14 
and can be folded together along the dash lines in a direction out of the 
drawing, while the scores along the dotdash lines indicate that adjacent 
panels are connected by the bottom layer 16 and can be folded together in 
a direction into the sheet of paper on which FIG. 1 is drawn. 
The resulting array of panels formed by the above cuts and scores has three 
rows of foldably connected panels, shown generally at 20, 25 and 30 in 
FIGS. 1 and 3. In the first row 20, a rightmost panel 40 is foldably 
connected by a hinge 42 (the bottom layer 16) to a middle panel 45, and 
the panel 45 in turn is foldably connected by a hinge 47 (the top layer 
14) to a leftmost panel 50. In the second row 25, a leftmost panel 55 is 
foldably connected by a hinge 57 (the top layer 14) to a middle panel 60, 
and the panel 60 in turn is foldably connected by a hinge 62 (the bottom 
layer 16) to a rightmost panel 65. The leftmost panel 50 of the first row 
20 is foldably connected to the leftmost panel 55 of the second row 25 by 
a hinge 66 (the bottom layer 16). In the third row 30, a rightmost panel 
70 is foldably connected by a hinge 72 (the bottom layer 16) to a middle 
panel 75, and the panel 75 is foldably connected by a hinge 77 (the top 
layer 14) to a leftmost panel 80. The rightmost panel 65 of the second row 
25 is foldably connected to the rightmost panel 70 of the third row 30 by 
a hinge 84 (the top layer 14). The panels in the array 10 in FIG. 1 are 
thus foldably connected in a manner that allows the panels in the 
3.times.3 array to be collapsed into a 9.times.1 stack of panels. As 
previously described, the hinges 42, 47, 57, 62, 66, 72, 77 and 84 are 
preferably formed from either the top layer 14 or the bottom layer 16 of 
the sheet of material in the manner described above in conjunction with 
FIGS. 1 and 2. The hinges are exemplified by the side view of hinge 84 
(formed from the top layer 14) in FIG. 2. However, it should be 
appreciated that the panels may be manufactured as separate panels and 
foldably connected by conventional hinges, rather than integral scores, in 
the above-described pattern according to the present invention. 
FIG. 3 shows the array of foldably connected panels, resulting from the 
cuts and scores in the sheet of material shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in a 
partially collapsed position to clearly illustrate the interconnection of 
the individual panels in each row, the interconnection of the rows 20 and 
25 by the hinge 66, and the interconnection of the rows 25 and 30 by the 
hinge 84. As shown in FIG. 3, each of the panels 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 
70, 75 and 80 is preferably of uniform thickness and has a left edge a, a 
top edge b, a right edge c, and a bottom edge d. Each panel also has a 
front face e and a rear face f, as shown in FIG. 2. 
The method in which the array of panels shown in FIG. 3 is collapsed will 
now be discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 4A through 4L. FIGS. 4A, C, E, 
G, I and K show front elevational views of the array in various partially 
folded configurations, while FIGS. 4B, D, F, H, J and L show corresponding 
side views as seen from the direction indicated by arrow A. FIG. 4A shows 
the unfolded array of panels 10. FIG. 4B shows a side view of the array of 
FIG. 4A as seen from the direction of arrow A. To collapse the array, 
first the panel 80 is folded around the hinge 77 onto the panel 75 such 
that the front faces 75e and 80e of the panels lie adjacent to one 
another. The panels 75 and 80 are then folded around the hinge 72 onto the 
panel 70 such that the rear faces 70f and 75f of the panels lie adjacent 
to one another. The resulting partially collapsed array is shown in FIGS. 
4C and 4D, with the panels 75 and 80 being hidden from view in FIG. 4C 
behind the panel 70. 
Next, the panels 70, 75 and 80 are folded around the hinge 84 down onto the 
panel 65 such that the front faces 65e and 70e of the panels lie adjacent 
to one another. As a result, the panels 70, 75 and 80 are stacked onto 
panel 65, as illustrated in FIGS. 4E and 4F, with panels 65, 70 and 75 
being hidden from view behind panel 80 in FIG. 4E. 
Next, the panels 65, 70, 75 and 80 are folded around the hinge 62 onto the 
panel 60 such that the rear faces 60f and 65f of the panels 60 and 65 lie 
adjacent to one another. Subsequently, the panels 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 
are folded around the hinge 57 onto the panel 55 such that the front faces 
55e and 60e of the panels 55 and 60 lie adjacent to one another. Thus, 
panels 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 are stacked onto panel 55, as shown in FIGS. 
4G and 4H, with the panels 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 being hidden from view 
behind panel 80 in FIG. 4G, while the panel 50 is hidden from view in FIG. 
4H by the edge 40c of the panel 40. 
Next, the panels 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 are folded around the hinge 66 
down onto the panel 50 such that the rear faces 50f and 55f lie adjacent 
to one another. As a result, the panels 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 are 
stacked onto the back of the panel 50. These panels are hidden from view 
behind the panel 50 in FIG. 4I, while the panel 50 is hidden from view in 
FIG. 4J by the edge 40c of panel 40. 
The panels 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 are then folded around the hinge 
47 and onto the panel 45 such that the front faces 45e and 50e lie 
adjacent to one another. Lastly, the panels 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 
80 are then folded around the hinge 42 and onto the panel 40 such that the 
rear faces 40f and 45f lie adjacent to one another. The result is a single 
stack of nine foldably connected panels having a frontal dimension of one 
panel as shown in FIGS. 4K and 4L, with panels 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 70, 75 
and 80 being hidden from view behind the panel 40 in FIG. 4K. 
FIG. 5 shows an alternate embodiment of the array of panels of FIG. 3. The 
panels comprising the array 100 are foldably connected in the same manner 
as are the panels in the array 10. As with the array 10, the array 100 in 
FIG. 5 has three rows of panels 120, 125 and 130. However, the third row 
of panels 130 in FIG. 5 contains only one panel 170. Despite this 
difference, the array 100 is characterized by the same folding pattern as 
the array 10. The left panels 150 and 155 are foldably connected to the 
middle panels 145 and 160, respectively, by the hinges 147 and 157 formed 
by the top layer 14. The right panels 140 and 165 are foldably connected 
to the middle panels 145 and 160, respectively, by the hinges 142 and 162 
formed by the bottom layer 16. The first row is foldably connected to the 
second row by the hinge 166 formed by the bottom layer 16, and the second 
row is foldably connected to the third row by the hinge 184 formed by the 
top layer 14. Although the array 100 has fewer panels than the array 10, 
the foldably connected panels may still be collapsed into a single stack 
of panels having a frontal dimension of one panel. 
FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of collapsible array of the 
present invention, shown generally at 200. As with the array 10 in FIG. 3, 
the array of panels in this embodiment comprises three rows of foldably 
connected panels, shown generally at 220, 225 and 230. However, the rows 
220 and 225 contain only two panels, while the row 230 contains only one 
panel. Because the rows each contain fewer than three panels, alternately 
folding panels onto the front and rear faces of adjacent panels as with 
the array in FIG. 3 is not possible. The left panels 250 and 255 are 
connected to the right panels 245 and 260, respectively, by the hinges 247 
and 257 formed from the top layer 14. The first row is connected to the 
second row by the hinge 266, and the second row is connected to the third 
row by the hinge 284. Both the hinges 266 and 284 are formed by the bottom 
layer 16, as opposed the array 10, in which the hinge 66 is formed from 
the bottom layer 16 and the hinge 84 is formed from the top layer 14. 
Thus, the array 200 may be collapsed in the following manner. The panel 275 
is folded around the hinge 284 down onto the panel 260 such that the rear 
faces of the panels 260f and 275f lie adjacent to one another. Next, the 
panels 260 and 275 are folded around the hinge 257 onto the panel 255 so 
that the front faces 260e and 255e lie adjacent to one another. Next, the 
panels 255, 260 and 275 are folded around the hinge 266 and down onto the 
panel 250 such that the rear faces 250f and 255f of the panels lie 
adjacent to one another. Next, the panels 250, 255, 260 and 275 are folded 
around the hinge 247 such that the front faces 245e and 250e of the panels 
lie adjacent to one another. The resulting collapsed array of panels is a 
single stack of five panels having a frontal dimension of one panel. 
Alternatively, an additional panel, as shown in phantom at 240, may also be 
connected to the panel 245 by the hinge 242 formed by the bottom layer 16. 
In this embodiment, the panel 240 may be folded around the hinge 242 such 
that the rear faces 240f and 245f of the panels lie adjacent to one 
another. If foldably connected in this manner, the additional panel 240 
does not alter the ability of the array 200 to be collapsed into a single 
stack of panels. 
FIG. 7A shows yet another alternate embodiment of the present invention. 
This embodiment features a 4.times.4 array of foldably connected panels, 
as opposed to the 3.times.3 array of panels shown in FIG. 3. Rows 320, 325 
and 330 have additional fourth rightmost panels 339, 366 and 369. The 
panels 339, 366 and 369 are connected to panels 340, 365 and 370, 
respectively by hinges 341, 367 and 371 formed by the top layer 14. An 
additional fourth row 335 of panels 385, 390, 395 and 399 is located above 
the third row 330. In the fourth row 335, the panel 385 is foldably 
connected to the panel 390 by a hinge 386 (the top layer 14), the panel 
390 is foldably connected to the panel 395 by the hinge 391 (the bottom 
layer 16) and the panel 395 is foldably connected to the panel 399 by the 
hinge 397 (the top layer 14). The fourth row is foldably connected to the 
third row by a hinge 382 formed by the bottom layer 16 between the 
leftmost panels 385 and 380. This fourth row of panels 335, as with the 
fourth panels 339, 366 and 369, is an addition to the original array of 
nine panels of FIG. 3. However, it should be appreciated that the panels 
in the array 300A are connected in the same folding pattern as the array 
10 in FIG. 3, such that the array of panels 300A may be collapsed into a 
single stack of panels having a frontal dimension of one panel. 
FIG. 7B shows an alternate embodiment similar to that shown in FIG. 7A, the 
difference being that the array of panels 300B is a 4.times.3 array as 
opposed to a 4.times.4 array. As in FIG. 7A, the rows 320, 325 and 330 
have additional fourth rightmost panels 339, 366 and 369, and the panels 
339, 366 and 369 are connected to panels 340, 365 and 370, respectively by 
hinges 341, 367 and 371 formed by the top layer 14. The fourth panels 339, 
366 and 369 in each row are in addition to the original array of nine 
panels of FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 7B, the middle two panels of each row 
(340 and 345 in row 320, 360 and 365 in row 325 and 370 and 375 in row 
330) are folded around hinges 342, 362 and 372, formed by the bottom layer 
16, in a direction out of the paper so that the middle six panels rest in 
a co-planar position. The leftmost outer panels 350, 355 and 380 and the 
rightmost outer panels 339, 366 and 369 are also folded in a direction out 
of the paper. However, because the leftmost and rightmost outer panels are 
folded around hinges formed by the top layer 14, the panels may be folded 
to a position that is more outward than the position of the middle six 
panels. An upright display with side wings results. The array, positioned 
as shown in FIG. 7B, thus is effectively self-supporting. It should be 
appreciated that the panels in the array 300B are connected in the same 
folding pattern as the array 10 in FIG. 3, such that the array of panels 
300B may be collapsed into a single stack of panels having a frontal 
dimension of one panel. 
It should be appreciated that additional panels may be added or deleted 
from the arrays of panels shown in FIGS. 3-6 and 7A-7B, if the additional 
or remaining panels in the array are foldably connected in a manner that 
allows a set of panels to be collapsed according to the invention into a 
single stack of panels. 
FIGS. 8-12 show two preferred methods of holding the array of panels shown 
in FIG. 3 in various configurations. FIG. 8 shows a 3.times.3 array of 
panels 400 foldably connected in a manner identical to that of the array 
of panels 10 shown in FIG. 3, with the individual panels each containing 
internal connecting pin channels 441-482. These connecting pin channels 
are formed in the core layer 12 of the sheet of material in a manner that 
allows the panels to be interconnected by connecting pins as will be 
described in detail below. Also, these channels are of a diameter small 
enough so as to not weaken the actual structure of the individual panels. 
Generally, these connecting pin channels are formed by boring through the 
core layer of each panel from one edge to another in a manner that allows 
the connecting pin channels of adjacent panels to be co-axially aligned 
when the adjacent panels are unfolded. While the array 400 in FIG. 8 shows 
each panel having one longitudinal and one transverse connecting pin 
channel, it should be appreciated that each panel may have any number of 
these connecting pin channels. 
In a row of panels 420 in FIG. 8, panels 440, 445 and 450 have longitudinal 
connecting pin channels 441, 446 and 451 and transverse connecting pin 
channels 442, 447 and 452, respectively. Similarly, in an adjacent row 
425, panels 455, 460 and 465 have longitudinal connecting pin channels 
456, 461 and 466 and transverse connecting pin channels 457, 462 and 467. 
Also, in a third row 430, panels 470, 475 and 480 have longitudinal 
connecting pin channels 471, 476 and 482 and transverse connecting pin 
channels 472, 477 and 481. 
Each of the connecting pin channels is exemplified by the longitudinal 
connecting pin channel 482 and the transverse connecting pin 481 shown in 
a magnified view of the upper left corner of the array 400 depicted in 
FIG. 9. The longitudinal channel 482 is characterized by a first opening 
482a in an edge 480b of the panel 480 and extends through the core layer 
of the panel 480 to an opening at the opposite edge of the panel. Such 
opening (not shown) is co-axially aligned with an opening (not shown) in 
the upper edge of the panel 455 leading to the channel 456, when the 
panels are unfolded as in FIG. 8. Similarly, the transverse connecting pin 
channel 481 is characterized by an opening 481a in a side edge 480a of the 
panel 480 and extends through the core layer of the panel 480 to an 
opposite edge 480c, which defines a second opening 481b (shown in 
phantom). The opening 481b is co-axially aligned with an opening 477a in 
an edge 475a of the panel 475 leading to the channel 477, when the panels 
are unfolded as in FIG. 8. Thus, as illustrated in both FIGS. 8 and 9, 
when adjacent panels such as panels 475 and 480 are unfolded, a connecting 
pin 490 may be inserted through the connecting pin opening 481a into the 
connecting pin channel 481 and positioned in a friction fit in both the 
channels 477 and 481 spanning the panel edges, to hold the adjacent panels 
475 and 480 in an unfolded position. Similarly, a connecting pin 495 may 
be inserted through the connecting pin opening 482a into the connecting 
pin channel 482 and positioned in a friction fit in both the channels 456 
and 482, and spanning the panel edges, to hold the adjacent panels 455 and 
480 in an unfolded position. The connecting pins may be configured so as 
to hold two adjacent panels in a specific orientation with respect to each 
other, as illustrated by the pins 490 and 495, or a longer connecting pin 
may be configured to hold a number of panels simultaneously in a specific 
orientation with respect to each other, as illustrated by pin 497 in FIG. 
8, which spans panels 440, 445 and 450. The pins may be inserted into edge 
openings manually, and then pushed into position using a thin rod. The rod 
may be marked with indicia to indicate how far the pin should be inserted 
to span the edges of adjacent panels. 
FIG. 10A shows a retainer 500 that may be used to hold adjacent panels in 
an array of panels in a specific orientation with respect to each other. 
Such retainers may be used in place of or in conjunction with connecting 
pins as described above. The retainer 500 is formed from plastic, metal or 
wood and is used to immobilize a hinge between two adjacent panels and 
thus provide stability to an array of panels. The retainer has a rigid 
back plate 510 with prongs 515, 520, 525 and 530 extending therefrom. The 
specific orientation in which the adjacent panels are held with respect to 
each other may range anywhere from 0.degree. to 180.degree., depending on 
the placement of the prongs on the back plate 510 and the angle at which 
the back plate is shaped. 
As shown in FIG. 10B, prong receptacles 535, 540, 545 and 550 are formed in 
the outer edges of panels 675 and 680, which are exemplary of all of the 
panels in an array 600. The array 600 is identical to the array 10 of FIG. 
3, having the added feature of prong receptacles in the edges of its 
panels (the array 600 is shown collapsed into a 9.times.1 stack of panels 
in FIG. 12). These prong receptacles extend into the core layer of the 
panels in the array and are configured to accept the prongs 515, 520, 525 
and 530 of the retainer 500 in a frictional fit. The prong receptacles 545 
and 550 are formed in the panel 675 to the right of the hinge 577, while 
the prong receptacles 535 and 540 are formed in the panel 680 to left of 
the hinge 577. When the panel 680 is unfolded and the panel edges 675a and 
680c lie adjacent one another, the prong receptacles 535, 540, 545 and 550 
are aligned in a manner that positions the receptacles to accept the 
prongs 515, 520, 525 and 530, as shown in FIG. 10C. 
Additionally, a shallow indentation 555 is formed in the outer edges of 
adjacent panels 675 and 680 in conjunction with the prong receptacles 535, 
540, 545 and 550 to receive the back plate 510 of the retainer when the 
prongs 515, 520, 525 and 530 are placed into the prong receptacles. The 
indentation 555 consists of an indentation 555a to the right of the hinge 
577 in panel 675 and an indentation 555b to the left of the hinge 577 in 
panel 680. As the panel 680 is unfolded around hinge 577 so that panel 
edges 675a and 680c are positioned adjacent one another, as illustrated in 
FIG. 10B, the separate indentations 555a and 555b together form the 
indentation 555. 
FIG. 10C shows the retainer 500 after the prongs 515, 520, 525 and 530 have 
been inserted into the prong receptacles 535, 540, 545 and 550. The prongs 
engage the prong receptacles in a friction fit and effectively lock the 
hinge 577. Also, the back plate 510 rests in the indentation 555 such that 
the back plate 510 lies substantially flush with the top edges 675b and 
680b of the panels 675 and 680. The aesthetic qualities of the array are 
thus maintained, as the retainers used around the periphery of the array 
remain hidden from view. 
FIGS. 11A-11C show alternate embodiments of the retainer 500 configured to 
retain the adjacent panels 675 and 680 in various orientations with 
respect to each other. FIG. 11A shows an alternate embodiment of the 
retainer 500 generally at 500a. The back plate 510a of the retainer 500a 
is shaped so that the sides 511a and 512a of the back plate 510 form an 
angle of approximately 150.degree. with respect to each other. The prongs 
515a and 520a are positioned on the side 511a and spaced apart at a 
distance equal to the distance between a pair of prong receptacles, while 
the prongs 525a and 530a are positioned on the side 512a and spaced apart 
at a distance equal to the distance between a pair of prong receptacles. 
When the panels 675 and 680 are positioned with respect to each other at 
approximately the same angle as that formed by the sides 511a and 512a, 
the retainer prongs may be inserted into the corresponding prong 
receptacles to immobilize the hinge 577. When the prongs are inserted in 
such a manner, the retainer 500a immobilizes the hinge 577 and maintains 
the panels 675 and 680 at an angle of approximately 150.degree. with 
respect to each other. 
FIG. 11B shows yet another embodiment of the retainer 500 generally at 
500b. The back plate 510b of the retainer 500b is L-shaped so that the 
sides 511b and 512b form an angle of approximately 90.degree. with respect 
to each other. The prongs 515b and 520b are positioned on the side 511b 
and spaced apart at a distance equal to the distance between a pair of 
prong receptacles, while the prongs 525b and 530b are positioned on the 
side 512b and spaced apart at a distance equal to the distance between a 
pair of prong receptacles. When the panels 675 and 680 are positioned with 
respect to each other at approximately the same angle as that formed by 
the sides 511b and 512b, the retainer prongs may be inserted into the 
corresponding prong receptacles. When the prongs are inserted in such a 
manner, the retainer 500b immobilizes the hinge 577 and maintains the 
panels 675 and 680 at an angle of approximately 90.degree. with respect to 
each other. 
FIG. 11C shows yet another embodiment of the retainer 500 generally at 
500c. The back plate 510c is rectangular in shape, with a width being 
approximately that of two panels and a length sufficient to accommodate a 
pair of prong receptacles of a panel. The pairs of prongs 515c, 520c, 525c 
and 530c are mounted on the back plate 510c adjacent to one another in a 
square grid pattern, so that the grid can span two panels 675 and 680 
lying adjacent to one another. When the panels are in a folded position so 
that the front faces 675e and 680e of the two panels lie adjacent to each 
other, the retainer prongs are inserted into the prong receptacles. With 
the retainer prongs inserted, the retainer 500c effectively locks the 
panels 675 and 680 into a folded position. 
At this point, it should be appreciated that the retainers described above 
may be formed to hold adjacent panels in any number of positions relative 
to each other, and that retainers may be formed to effectively lock more 
than one panel hinge at a time. It should also be appreciated that the 
retainers may be spring-loaded or may possess some other type of biasing 
mechanism to create the frictional fit between the retainer prongs and the 
prong receptacles. 
The prong receptacles are formed to accept retainers, in the manner shown 
in FIG. 10B, when adjacent panels are unfolded and the prong receptacles 
of adjacent panels are aligned as described above. The prong receptacles 
are also formed so that the retainers may be inserted into the prong 
receptacles for storage purposes when the panels are foldably collapsed, 
as shown in FIG. 12. When the panels are foldably collapsed, the prong 
receptacles are aligned in vertical columns, with the prong receptacles of 
each panel edge being spaced apart at a distance corresponding to the 
distance between the prongs of the retainer. FIG. 12 illustrates several 
of the retainers 500 inserted into the prong receptacles formed in the 
edges of panels in the array 600. Thus, it is not necessary to have 
additional storage containers and storage space for the retainers. 
Portability of the entire assembly is maintained, and the stacked panels 
are additionally kept from unfolding during storage and transportation as 
a result of the friction fit of the retainers in the prong receptacles. As 
will be understood, the back plates do not nest within the indentations 
along the panel edges in the configuration shown in FIG. 12. 
FIGS. 13-16 show the array of panels 10 arranged in various unfolded and 
partially unfolded configurations for stability and/or aesthetic purposes. 
These figures show that the array of panels may be arranged in certain 
configurations without the need for the connecting pins or the retainers 
described above. 
FIG. 13 shows the array in a semi-unfolded configuration, which allows the 
array to be self supporting. The array is unfolded as in FIG. 3, but in a 
more exaggerated Z-shaped configuration. This configuration is achieved by 
folding the panels 40, 65 and 70 around hinges 42, 62 and 72 in a 
direction into the sheet of paper on which FIG. 13 is drawn. Also, the 
panels 50, 55 and 80 are folded around hinges 47, 57 and 77, respectively, 
in a direction out of the sheet of paper on which FIG. 13 is drawn. 
FIG. 14 shows the array of panels 10 in another partially unfolded position 
as in FIG. 3, with panels 40, 65 and 70 additionally folded around hinges 
42, 62 and 72 in a direction into the sheet of paper on which FIG. 14 is 
drawn and behind panels 45, 60 and 75. The resulting partially folded 
array of panels forms a 2.times.3 array instead of the 3.times.3 array in 
FIG. 3. 
FIG. 15B shows the array of panels 10 in a self supporting arrangement in 
which the array has a height of only one panel. This configuration is 
formed as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 15A, the stack of panels 10 is 
placed so that the rear face 80f of the panel 80 defines the front of the 
collapsed array of panels. Next, the panel 60 is folded in a direction out 
of the sheet of paper on which FIG. 15A is drawn so that the panels 60, 
65, 70, 75 and 80 form a 90.degree. angle with respect to panels 40, 45, 
50 and 55. Next, panel 65 is unfolded around hinge 62 in a direction out 
of the sheet of paper so that panels 65, 70, 75 and 80 form a 90.degree. 
angle with panel 60. Next, panel 75 is unfolded from panel 70 around hinge 
72 in a direction out of the sheet of paper so that panels 75 and 80 form 
a 90.degree. angle with respect to panels 65 and 70. Next, panel 80 is 
unfolded from panel 75 around hinge 77 in a direction out of the sheet of 
paper so that panel 80 forms a 90.degree. angle with panel 75. 
Next, the panel 55 is unfolded from the panel 60 in a direction into the 
sheet of paper on which FIG. 15A is drawn so that panels 40, 45, 50 and 55 
form a 90.degree. angle with respect to the panel 60. Next, the panels 40 
and 45 are unfolded from panel 50 around hinge 47 in a direction into the 
sheet of paper so that panels 40 and 45 form a 90.degree. angle with 
respect to the panels 50 and 55. Finally, the panel 40 is unfolded from 
panel 45 around hinge 42 in a direction into the sheet of paper so that 
the panel 40 forms a 90.degree. angle with the panel 45. In this 
arrangement, the panels 40 and 80 serve as outer supports, while panels 
50, 55, 65 and 70 serve as interior supports for the array of panels. The 
resulting single level array of panels is shown in FIG. 15B. 
It should be appreciated that either connecting pins or retainers, or both, 
may be used to provide stability to any of the aforementioned arrays of 
panels shown in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15B if the arrays are properly configured 
to received connecting pins or retainers. However, the configurations in 
FIGS. 13, 14 and 15B are substantially self supporting even without 
connecting pins and/or retainers. 
FIG. 16A shows a 3.times.3 array of panels in a configuration that is 
possible when the panel hinges are formed to allow the panels to be folded 
in a direction both into and out of the sheet of paper on which FIG. 16A 
is drawn. In FIG. 16A, the width of the middle panel in each row is 
greater in width than the outer panels in each row. In FIG. 16A, panels 
50, 55 and 80 are folded around hinges 47, 57 and 77 in a direction out of 
the sheet of paper. Similarly, panels 40, 65 and 70 are folded around 
hinges 42, 62 and 72 in a direction out of the sheet of paper, as opposed 
to the panels 40, 65 and 70 in FIG. 13, which are connected by the bottom 
layer 16 and thus can be folded only in a direction into the sheet of 
paper. An upright display with side wings results. As with the array of 
FIG. 7B, the array of panels in FIG. 16A, when arranged in this 
configuration, is substantially self-supporting. The array, even with the 
width of the middle panels 45, 60 and 75 being greater in width than the 
outer panels, may still be collapsed into a single stack of panels in a 
manner identical to that described in conjunction with FIGS. 4A-4L and as 
shown in FIG. 16B. 
FIGS. 17 and 18 show alternate embodiments of 3.times.3 arrays of panels 
hinged together in a manner consistent with the configuration shown in 
FIG. 3. FIG. 17 shows an array in which the individual panels are of 
non-uniform heights and widths, but in which the individual panels are 
hinged together in the same manner as that described in conjunction with 
FIG. 3. In FIG. 17, the outer left edges 55a and 80a of the panels 55 and 
80 in rows 25 and 30 are rounded. Similarly, the outer right edges 65c and 
70c of the panels 65 and 70 in rows 25 and 30 are rounded. The top edge 
75b of the middle panel 75 in row 30 is also rounded. Thus, the array of 
panels, when completely unfolded as shown, forms a half-circle which can 
be used for display purposes or for other purposes as set forth below. 
While this semi-circular array differs aesthetically from the array shown 
in FIG. 3, it should be appreciated that the array in FIG. 17 may still be 
collapsed into a single stack of panels for ease of storage and 
transportation. 
FIG. 18 shows a 3.times.3 array of circular panels hinged together in the 
same manner as that described in conjunction with FIG. 3. When the array 
is completely unfolded, interior openings are formed in the middle of each 
group of four panels. Similarly, indentations are formed around the outer 
periphery of the array between each pair of adjacent panels. Thus, the 
unfolded array forms a non-continuous surface that differs aesthetically 
from the array in FIG. 3. However, it should be appreciated that the array 
in FIG. 18 may still be collapsed into a single stack of panels having a 
frontal dimension of one circular panel for ease of storage and 
transportation. 
In view of FIGS. 17 and 18, it should be appreciated that individual panels 
of numerous other shapes and sizes may be utilized in the collapsible 
array of the present invention. Individual panels in such an array may be 
of non-uniform height, width and/or thickness and may be of any shape or 
size, as long as the panels are hinged in a manner consistent with that 
described in detail above and as long as the array may be foldably 
collapsed into a single stack of panels. 
It should also be appreciated that the number of panels in each row of any 
of the aforementioned arrays of panels, and/or the number of rows in any 
of the aforementioned arrays of panels, may be more or fewer than those in 
the embodiments described above, as long as the ability of the array to be 
collapsed into a single stack of panels is maintained. 
It should be appreciated that any of the aforementioned arrays of panels 
may be utilized as a subassembly of a device or a larger array. That is, 
the present invention may be embodied in an array which has the capability 
of being collapsed as a sub-assembly onto a portion of the larger device 
or array. 
The several embodiments of the collapsible array of panels of the present 
invention may be used for presentation displays for business meetings, 
trade shows, for educational purposes and the like. However, it should be 
appreciated that such a collapsible array of panels as disclosed herein 
may also be used for a myriad of other purposes, including, but not 
limited to, dry-erase whiteboards, pegboard displays, floor or ceiling 
tiling, wall paneling, floor mats, window inserts, insulation panels, 
transportable and collapsible billboards, windshield inserts for cars, 
transportable emergency road signs, temporary partitions, or collapsible 
supports/legs of a table, workbench, stand or planar work area. The size 
of the array of panels may be scaled according to the particular 
application. 
It should be appreciated that relative terms such as "row", "upper", 
"lower", "above", "below", "right", "left", "first", "second" and "third" 
and the like are used in this application to aid the reader in 
understanding the present invention by providing a relative frame of 
reference and are not meant to limit the scope of the claims to any 
particular orientation relative to a viewer.