Word line booster circuit and method

A memory circuit includes a plurality of word lines, a word line driver coupled to the plurality of word lines, and a booster circuit coupled to the plurality of word lines. The word line driver is configured to output a first word line signal on a first word line of the plurality of word lines, and the booster circuit includes a first node configured to carry a first power supply voltage and is configured to couple the first word line of the plurality of word lines to the first node responsive to a pulse signal and the first word line signal.

BACKGROUND

Memory array data access includes read and write operations that are influenced by integrated circuit (IC) characteristics such as parasitic resistance and capacitance levels, operating voltages, and temperature and manufacturing process variations. The influence of these characteristics often relates to the speeds at which data are accessed and power is consumed during read and write operations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In various embodiments, a memory circuit including a word line booster circuit is capable of generating word line signals having shorter rise and fall times compared to approaches in which a memory circuit does not include a word line booster circuit. In some embodiments, by using a clock pulse signal to boost the word line signals, corresponding word lines are capable of including a single metal layer, thereby improving routing flexibility compared to approaches in which a memory circuit does not include a word line booster circuit and word lines include multiple metal layers.

FIG.1is a diagram of a memory circuit100, in accordance with some embodiments. Memory circuit100is an IC that includes memory banks100A and100B, a global control circuit100C, and global input-output (I/O) circuits100D. Each one of memory banks100A and100B includes one or more instances of an array110, a local control circuit120coupled to one or more instances of each of a word line driver130and a local I/O circuit140, and one or more instances of a booster circuit150coupled to an adjacent local I/O circuit140. Each instance of array110is coupled to adjacent instances of each of word line driver130, local I/O circuit140, and booster circuit150.

In the embodiment depicted inFIG.1, each one of memory banks100A and100B includes four instances of array110including instances of memory cell MC coupled to a bit line BLN and a word line WLN, a representative instance of each depicted inFIG.1. Each bit line BLN is coupled to the adjacent local I/O circuit140, and each word line WLN is coupled to the adjacent word line driver130and adjacent booster circuit150. In some embodiments, one or both of memory bank100A or100B includes fewer or greater than four instances of memory array110.

In some embodiments, memory circuit100does not include one of memory banks100A or100B, includes one or more memory banks (not shown) in addition to memory banks100A and100B, or includes memory banks100A and/or100B having a configuration other than that depicted inFIG.1, e.g., including a single instance of booster circuit150.

Memory circuit100is simplified for the purpose of illustration. In various embodiments, memory circuit100includes various elements in addition to those depicted inFIG.1or is otherwise arranged so as to perform the operations discussed below.

Two or more circuit elements are considered to be coupled based on one or more direct signal connections and/or one or more indirect signal connections that include one or more logic devices, e.g., an inverter or logic gate, between the two or more circuit elements. In some embodiments, signal communications between the two or more coupled circuit elements are capable of being modified, e.g., inverted or made conditional, by the one or more logic devices.

A memory cell MC is an electrical, electromechanical, electromagnetic, or other device configured to store bit data represented by logical states. The logical states of memory cells MC are capable of being programmed in a write operation and detected in a read operation. In some embodiments, a logical state corresponds to a voltage level of an electrical charge stored in a given memory cell MC. In some embodiments, a logical state corresponds to a physical property, e.g., a resistance or magnetic orientation, of a component of a given memory cell MC.

In some embodiments, a memory cell MC includes a static random-access memory (SRAM) cell. In various embodiments, an SRAM cell includes a five-transistor (5T) SRAM cell, a six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell, an eight-transistor (8T) SRAM cell, a nine-transistor (9T) SRAM cell, or an SRAM cell having other numbers of transistors. In some embodiments, a memory cell MC includes a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cell or other memory cell type capable of storing bit data.

A memory cell MC includes one or more selection transistors (not shown), each including a gate coupled to a corresponding word line WLN and a source/drain (S/D) terminal coupled to a corresponding bit line BLN, the memory cell MC thereby being configured to be selectively coupled to the corresponding bit line BLN responsive to a word line signal (not shown inFIG.1) on the corresponding word line WLN. In the embodiment depicted inFIG.1, each instance of memory cell MC is configured to be selectively coupled to a single instance of bit lines BLN responsive to a single instance of a word line signal, in operation. In some embodiments, at least one instance of memory cell MC is configured to be selectively coupled to more than one instance of bit line BLN responsive to one or more instances of a word line signal.

Global control circuit100C is an electronic circuit configured to generate and receive one or more address, clock, clock pulse, control, and/or data signals (not shown) configured to control top-level operation of memory circuit100. Each instance of global I/O circuit100D is an electronic circuit configured to, responsive to one or more of the address, clock, clock pulse, control, and/or data signals, perform top-level I/O operations of memory circuit100.

Each instance of local control circuit120is an electronic circuit configured to, responsive to one or more of the address, clock, clock pulse, control, and/or data signals, control operation of adjacent instances of local I/O circuit140and word line driver130, thereby controlling operation of diagonally adjacent instances of array110.

Each instance of local I/O circuit140and word line driver130is an electronic circuit configured to, responsive to one or more of the address, clock, clock pulse, control, and/or data signals, partially control operation of adjacent instances of array110whereby read and write operations are performed on the corresponding instances of memory cell MC.

Memory cells MC of each array110are grouped in words such that each memory cell MC of a given word is coupled to a single corresponding word line WLN, each array110thereby being configured such that read and write operations are performed simultaneously on the memory cells MC corresponding to a given word. In the embodiment depicted inFIG.1, words of memory cells MC correspond to rows of each array110, and word lines WLN are oriented horizontally. In some embodiments, one or more instances of memory bank100A or100B includes one or more instances of array110otherwise oriented such that read and write operations are performed simultaneously on the memory cells MC corresponding to a given word.

During read and write operations on a given word of memory cells MC, the adjacent word line driver130is configured to activate the corresponding word line WLN by generating the corresponding word line signal having one of a high or low logical state configured to couple each of the memory cells MC of the word to the one or more corresponding bit lines BLN. The adjacent word line driver130is configured to also deactivate the corresponding word line WLN by generating the word line signal having the other of the high or low logical state configured to decouple each of the memory cells MC of the word from the one or more corresponding bit lines BLN.

Each instance of booster circuit150is an electronic circuit configured to, responsive to a word line signal on an adjacent word line WLN and one or more of the address, clock, clock pulse, or control signals controlled by the adjacent local I/O circuit140, in operation, couple the adjacent word line WLN to a node (not shown inFIG.1) configured to have a voltage level corresponding to the high or low logical state of the corresponding word line signal. In the embodiment depicted inFIG.1, each instance of booster circuit150is adjacent to multiple instances of array110. In some embodiments, each instance of booster circuit150is adjacent to a single instance of array110.

A word line and the gates of memory cells coupled to the word line, e.g., word line WLN and the gates of memory cells MC, have parasitic resistance and capacitance levels that increase rise and fall times of the corresponding word line signal as the resistance and capacitance levels increase. By the configuration discussed above, each word line WLN of memory circuit100is coupled to an adjacent word line driver130at a first end of the word line WLN and to an adjacent booster circuit150at a second end of the word line WLN opposite the first end. As further discussed below, a given word line WLN is thereby activated at each of the two ends in read and write operations such that the impact of the parasitic resistance and capacitance is reduced, and rise and fall times are decreased compared to approaches in which a memory circuit does not include a word line booster circuit.

In some embodiments, based on the reduced impact of the parasitic resistance and capacitance, each word line WLN includes one or more metal segments within a single metal layer of memory circuit100, an entirety of each word line WLN thereby being positioned within the single metal layer of memory circuit100. In such embodiments, memory circuit100including word lines WLN requires fewer routing resources than approaches in which word lines include at least one metal segment in each of multiple metal layers of a memory circuit.

FIG.2is a diagram of a portion of memory circuit100, in accordance with some embodiments. In a non-limiting example,FIG.2depicts one instance each of array110, local control circuit120, word line driver130, local I/O circuit140, and booster circuit150, each discussed above with respect toFIG.1. Instead of a single representative instance of word line WLN,FIG.2depicts representative word lines WLN[0]-WLN[7] configured to carry respective word line signals WL[0]-WL[7].FIG.2also depicts elements of each of word line driver130and local I/O circuit140that are not depicted inFIG.1.

FIG.2is simplified for the purpose of illustration, e.g., by omitting representative instances of memory cell MC and bit line BLN as depicted inFIG.1. In various embodiments, each of array110, local control circuit120, word line driver130, and local I/O circuit140includes one or more elements in addition to those depicted inFIG.2. Details of booster circuit150are discussed below with respect toFIGS.3A and3B.

Local control circuit120and global control circuit100C discussed above with respect toFIG.1are collectively configured to receive row addresses corresponding to word lines WLN, e.g., representative word lines WLN[0]-WLN[7], of array110and generate row decode and clock pulse signals having logical states based on the row addresses. In the embodiment depicted inFIG.2, memory circuit100is configured to receive eight-bit row addresses corresponding to 256 rows and word lines WLN of array110, and generate row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7> (represented by subset XA<0>-XA<3>, XB<0>, and XB<1>) and clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4], represented collectively as clock pulse signal CKP_WL[m]. In some embodiments, clock pulse signal CKP_WL[m] is referred to as a pulse signal CKP_WL[m]. In some embodiments, memory circuit100is configured to generate row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7 and clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4] using an address decoding scheme500discussed below with respect toFIG.5.

In the embodiment depicted inFIG.2, word line driver130includes plural AND gates, NAND gates, and inverters (not labeled). Each AND gate includes two input terminals and an output terminal. Each NAND gate includes an input terminal coupled to the output terminal of a corresponding AND gate, an input terminal coupled to local control circuit120, and an output terminal. Each inverter includes an input terminal coupled to the output terminal of a corresponding NAND gate, and an output terminal coupled to a corresponding one of word lines WLN[0]-WLN[7], referred to generically as a word line WLN[n].

The input terminals of each AND gate are configured to receive corresponding pairs of row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7> from local control circuit120, and the AND gate is thereby configured to generate a corresponding output signal (not labeled) at the output terminal having logical states responsive to the logical states of the corresponding pair of row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7>. The input terminals of each NAND gate are configured to receive a corresponding AND gate output signal and one of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4], and the NAND gate is thereby configured to generate a corresponding word line bar signal (not labeled) at the output terminal having logical states and logical state transition timing responsive to the corresponding AND gate output signal and one of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4]. The input terminal of each inverter is thereby configured to receive a corresponding word line bar signal, and the inverter is thereby configured to generate a corresponding word line signal WL[n], represented as word line signals WL[0]-WL[7] inFIG.2, on a corresponding word line WLN[n] having logical states and logical state transition timing responsive to the corresponding word line bar signal.

Memory circuit100and word line driver130are thereby configured to generate each of word line signals WL[n] on corresponding word lines WLN[n] based on decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7> and clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4] generated based on received row addresses. In some embodiments, memory circuit100and word line driver130are otherwise configured to generate each of word line signals WL[n] on corresponding word lines WLN[n] based on received row addresses, e.g., by including fewer or more than four clock pulse signals and/or including fewer or more than 256 rows and word lines WLN[n].

In the embodiment depicted inFIG.2, local I/O circuit140includes inverters I1-I3. Inverter I1includes an input terminal coupled to local control circuit120. Inverter12includes an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of inverter I1and an output terminal coupled to booster circuit150. Inverter I3includes an input terminal coupled to the output terminal of inverter12and an output terminal coupled to booster circuit150. Local I/O circuit140also includes a signal line (not labeled) coupled to each of local control circuit120and booster circuit150and configured to propagate a signal SLPM discussed below with respect toFIGS.3A and3B.

Local I/O circuit140is thereby configured to receive a clock pulse signal CKP_WL from local control circuit120at the input terminal of inverter I1, generate a clock pulse signal CKPB_WL complementary to clock pulse signal CKP_WL at the output terminal of inverter I1, generate a clock pulse signal CKP complementary to clock pulse signal CKPB_WL at the output terminal of inverter12, and generate a clock pulse signal CKPB complementary to clock pulse signal CKP at the output terminal of inverter I3.

Local control circuit120is configured to generate clock pulse signal CKP_WL having logical states corresponding to the collective logical states of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[m]. In the embodiment depicted inFIG.2, local control circuit120is configured to generate clock pulse signal CKP_WL having a high logical state corresponding to any one or more of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[m] having the high logical state, and otherwise having a low logical state. In some embodiments, local control circuit120is configured to generate clock pulse signal CKP_WL having the low logical state corresponding to any one or more of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[m] having the low logical state, and otherwise having the high logical state.

As discussed below with respect toFIGS.3A and3B, memory circuit100and local I/O circuit140are thereby configured to generate clock pulse signals CKP and CKPB and signal SLPM usable by booster circuit150to boost each of word line signals WL[n] at one end of a corresponding word line WLN[n] responsive to word line driver130generating the word line signal WL[n] at the other end of the corresponding word line WLN[n] in a read or write operation. In some embodiments, memory circuit100and local I/O circuit140are otherwise configured, e.g., by omitting inverter I1or including one or more inverters in addition to inverters I1-I3, so as to generate clock pulse signals CKP and CKPB and signal SLPM usable by booster circuit150to boost each of word line signals WL[n].

FIGS.3A and3Bare diagrams of booster circuit150, in accordance with some embodiments.FIG.3Adepicts elements of booster circuit150corresponding to a single instance of word line WLN[n], andFIG.3Bdepicts elements of booster circuit150corresponding to a group of N+1 word lines WLN[0]-WLN[N], e.g., word lines WLN[0]-WLN[4] depicted inFIG.2.

Each ofFIGS.3A and3Bincludes a first power supply node configured to have a first power supply voltage, collectively represented as VDD, a second power supply node configured to have a second power supply voltage less than the first power supply voltage, collectively represented as VDDHD, and a reference node configured to have a reference voltage, e.g., ground, collectively represented as VSS. A PMOS transistor P1is coupled between first and second power supply nodes VDD and VDDHD, and an NMOS transistor N1is coupled between word line WLN[n] and reference node VSS.

FIG.3Aalso includes a PMOS transistor P2coupled between second power supply node VDDHD and word line WLN[n], a PMOS transistor P3and NMOS transistors N2and N3coupled in series between second power supply node VDDHD and reference node VSS, and a PMOS transistor P4coupled in parallel with PMOS transistor P3. A gate of PMOS transistor P2and an S/D terminal of each of PMOS transistors P3and P4and NMOS transistor N2are coupled to each other at a node NDO. A gate of each of PMOS transistor P3and NMOS transistor N2is coupled to word line WLN[n].

A gate of PMOS transistor P1is configured to receive signal SLPM, a gate of NMOS transistor N1is configured to receive clock pulse signal CKPB, gates of each of PMOS transistor P4and NMOS transistor N3are configured to receive clock pulse signal CKP, gates of PMOS transistor P3and NMOS transistor N2are thereby configured to receive word line signal WL[n], and the gate of PMOS transistor P2is thereby configured to receive a signal BOOST from node NDO.

PMOS transistors P3and P4and NMOS transistors N2and N3are thereby configured as a NAND gate G1including an input terminal configured to receive word line signal WL[n] from word line WLN[n], an input terminal configured to receive clock pulse signal CKP, and an output terminal corresponding to node NDO on which signal BOOST is generated having a logical state responsive the logical states of word line signal WL[n] and clock pulse signal CKP.

In operation, e.g., a read or write operation, NAND gate G1is thereby configured to generate signal BOOST having the low logical state in response to each of word line signal WL[n] and clock pulse signal CKP having the high logical state, and otherwise having the high logical state. PMOS transistor P2is thereby configured to selectively couple word line WLN[n] to power supply node VDDHD by switching on in response to signal BOOST having the low logical state, and to selectively decouple word line WLN[n] from power supply node VDDHD by switching off in response to signal BOOST having the high logical state.

NMOS transistor N1is thereby configured to selectively couple word line WLN[n] to reference node VSS by switching on in response to clock pulse signal CKPB having the high logical state, and to selectively decouple word line WLN[n] from reference node VSS by switching off in response to clock pulse signal CKPB having the low logical state. Because clock pulse signal CKPB is complementary to clock pulse signal CKP, booster circuit150is thereby configured to selectively couple word line WLN[n] to power supply node VDDHD in response to clock pulse signal CKP having the low logical state only when word line WLN[n] is selectively decoupled from reference node VSS based on clock pulse signal CKPB having the low logical state.

By the configuration discussed above, booster circuit150is configured to activate an adjacent end of word line WLN[n] responsive to the corresponding word line signal WL[n] and clock pulse signal CKP received from local I/O circuit140and based on clock pulse signal CKP_WL, as further discussed below with respect toFIG.4.

In the embodiment depicted inFIGS.3A and3B, memory circuit100is configured to generate signal SLPM, referred to as a power management signal SLPM in some embodiments, having the high logical state in a power saving mode, and having the low logical state in an active mode corresponding to read and write operations. In the power saving mode, signal SLPM having the high logical state causes PMOS transistor P1to switch off so as to selectively decouple power supply node VDDHD from power supply node VDD such that power supply voltage VDDHD is present on power supply node VDDHD. In the active mode, signal BOOST having the high logical state causes PMOS transistor P1to switch on so as to selectively couple power supply node VDDHD to power supply node VDD such that power supply voltage VDD is present on power supply node VDDHD. The presence on power supply node VDDHD of power supply voltage VDDHD lower than power supply voltage VDD decreases transistor leakage current levels in the power saving mode compared to the presence of power supply voltage VDD on power supply node VDDHD in the active mode.

In some embodiments, memory circuit100including booster circuit150is otherwise configured, e.g., by including an NMOS transistor and a signal complementary to signal SLPM instead of PMOS transistor P1and signal SLPM, whereby power supply node VDDHD is decoupled from power supply node VDD during the power saving mode and coupled to power supply node VDD during the active mode.

In some embodiments, booster circuit150does not include PMOS transistor P1, and PMOS transistor P2is configured to couple/decouple word line WLN[n] to/from power supply node VDD.

FIG.3Bdepicts a number (N+1) of instances of each of word line WLN[n] represented as word lines WLN[0]-WLN[N], NMOS transistor N1, NAND gate G1, and PMOS transistor P1. Each instance of NMOS transistor N1is configured to receive clock pulse signal CKPB, and each instance of NAND gate G1is configured to receive clock pulse signal CKP.

Each instance of NAND gate G1(connection not shown for clarity) and PMOS transistor P2is coupled to a single instance of power supply node VDDHD, and a single instance of PMOS transistor P1is configured to couple and decouple power supply node VDDHD to and from power supply node VDD. The single instance of PMOS transistor P1is thereby configured to collectively couple/decouple word lines WLN[0]-WLN[N] to/from power supply node VDDHD through the corresponding instances of PMOS transistor P2.

Embodiments of booster circuit150which include a single instance of PMOS transistor P1configured to collectively couple/decouple (N+1) word lines WLN[0]-WLN[N] to/from power supply node VDDHD require less area than an embodiment in which each instance of word line WLN[n] is coupled/decoupled to/from power supply node VDDHD through a corresponding instance of PMOS transistor P1.

In some embodiments, the number (N+1) of word lines WLN[0]-WLN[N] collectively coupled/decoupled to/from power supply node VDDHD though the single instance of PMOS transistor P1is equal to the number of rows of the adjacent array110, and booster circuit150includes a single instance of PMOS transistor P1. In some embodiments, the number (N+1) is equal to a fraction of the number of rows of the adjacent array110, and booster circuit150includes a number of instances of PMOS transistor P1corresponding to a product of the number (N+1) and the number of instances equal to the number of rows. In some embodiments, the number (N+1) is equal to the number M of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[m], e.g., four.

FIG.4is a diagram of memory circuit100operating parameters, in accordance with some embodiments. The parameters depicted inFIG.4are a non-limiting example presented for the purpose of illustration. In various embodiments, memory circuit100includes operating parameters other than those depicted inFIG.4whereby a word line signal is boosted at a second end opposite a first end, e.g., by including one or more signals complementary to those depicted inFIG.4.

FIG.4includes clock pulse signals CKP_WL and CKP, each discussed above with respect toFIGS.1-3Bplotted over time (not labeled).FIG.4also includes a word line signal WL[n]_L corresponding to word line signal WL[n] generated by adjacent word line driver130at the first end of word line WLN[n] and a word line signal WL[n]_R corresponding to word line signal WL[n] generated by adjacent booster circuit150at the second end of word line WLN[n].

At the start of a read or write operation on word line WLN[n], each of clock pulse signals CKP_WL and CKP and signals WL[n] and WL[n]_R has the low logical state. At a time indicated by the vertical dashed line, local control circuit120generates a transition in a clock pulse signal CKP_WL[m] (not shown) associated with word line WLN[n], and thereby a transition T1in clock pulse signal CKP_WL from the low logical state to the high logical state.

In response to the low-to-high logical state transition T1in clock pulse signal CKP_WL received at inverter I1of local I/O circuit140, inverter I3generates a low-to-high logical state transition T2in clock pulse signal CKP. In response to the transition in clock pulse signal CKP_WL[m] received at the corresponding NAND gate of word line driver130, the corresponding inverter of word line driver130generates a low-to-high logical state transition T3in word line signal WL[n]_L.

The low-to-high logical state transition in word line signal WL[n]_L generates a low-to-high logical state transition T4in word line signal WL[n]_R delayed by parasitic resistance and capacitance in word line WLN[n].

The combination of the low-to-high logical state transition T2in clock pulse signal CKP and the low-to-high logical state transition T4in word line signal WL[n]_R received at NAND gate G1causes NAND gate G1to further generate word line signal WL[n]_R having the high logical state, thereby boosting word line signal WL[n]_R at a point B1. Word line signal WL[n]_R boosted by booster circuit150thereby completes the transition to the high logical state before a word line signal in approaches in which word line signals are not boosted by a booster circuit, illustrated by the dashed line deviating from word line signal WL[n]_R at point B1.

At the end of the read or write operation on word line WLN[n], local control circuit120generates a transition T5in clock pulse signal CKP_WL from the high logical state to the low logical state. The high-to-low logical state transition in clock pulse signal CKP_WL thereby causes inverter I3of local I/O circuit140to generate a high-to-low logical state transition T6in clock pulse signal CKP and the corresponding inverter of word line driver130to generate a high-to-low logical state transition T7in word line signal WL[n]_L.

Either of the high-to-low logical state transition in clock pulse signal CKP or the high-to-low logical state transition in word line signal WL[n]_R received at NAND gate G1causes NAND gate G1to further generate word line signal WL[n]_R having the low logical state, thereby boosting word line signal WL[n]_R at a point B2.

The high-to-low logical state transition T5in clock pulse signal CKP_WL also causes inverter12of local I/O circuit140to generate a low-to-high logical state transition in clock pulse signal CKPB (not shown), thereby switching on NMOS transistor N2, selectively coupling word line WLN[n] to reference node VSS such that word line signal WL[n]_R is further boosted to the low logical state at point B2.

Word line signal WL[n]_R boosted by booster circuit150thereby finishes the transition to the low logical state before a word line signal in approaches in which word line signals are not boosted by a booster circuit, illustrated by the dashed line deviating from word line signal WL[n]_R at point B2.

FIG.5is a diagram of address decoding scheme500, in accordance with some embodiments. Address decoding scheme is a non-limiting example of an address decoding scheme used by memory circuit100to generate decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7> and clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4] based on received row addresses including bits A<0>-A<7> as discussed above with respect toFIG.2and below with respect toFIG.6.

In the embodiment depicted inFIG.5, row address bits A<0> and A<1> correspond to clock pulse signals CKP_WL<1>-CKP_WL<4>, row address bits A<2>-A<4> correspond to row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7>, and row address bits A<5>-A<7> correspond to row decode signals AB<0>. AB<0>-AB<7>.

In operation, a received row address including bits A<0> and A<1> having the logical state configurations depicted inFIG.5thereby causes a local control circuit, e.g., local control circuit120discussed above with respect toFIGS.1and2, to generate the corresponding ones of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4]. The received row address including bits A<2>-A<4> having the logical state configurations depicted inFIG.5thereby causes the local control circuit to generate the corresponding ones of row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7>, and the received row address including bits A<5>-A<7> having the logical state configurations depicted inFIG.5thereby causes the local control circuit to generate the corresponding ones of row decode signals XB<0>-XB<7>.

A memory circuit, e.g., memory circuit100discussed above with respect toFIGS.1-4or memory circuit600discussed below with respect toFIG.6, is thereby capable of controlling activation of word lines WLN[n] using word line signals WL[n] such that the memory circuit is capable of realizing the benefits discussed herein with respect to memory circuits100and600.

FIG.6is a diagram of a memory circuit600, in accordance with some embodiments.FIG.6depicts a portion of memory circuit600including single instances of each of a word line driver630, an array610, and a booster circuit650, and is simplified for the purpose of illustration. Memory circuit600is configured in the manner discussed above with respect to memory circuit100andFIGS.1-4, and includes global control and I/O circuits and at least one instance of each of a local control and I/O circuit that are not depicted for the purpose of clarity.

Word line driver630includes pluralities of AND gates, NAND gates, and inverters configured as discussed above with respect to word line driver130. Word line driver630further includes word lines WLNB[n], represented as word lines WLNB[0]-WLNB[3], coupled to the output terminals of each NAND gate. Word lines WLNB[n] are thereby configured to carry word line signals WLB[n], also referred to as word line bar signals WLB[n] in some embodiments, complementary to corresponding word line signals WL[n]. In operation, word line driver630is thereby configured to generate complementary word line signals WL[n] and WLB[n] on corresponding word lines WLN[n] and WLNB[n].

Array610includes word lines WL[n] and instances of memory cells MC (not shown) configured as discussed above with respect to array110. Array610further includes word lines WLB[n] electrically isolated from word lines WL[n] and other elements of array610. In operation, array610is thereby configured to propagate complementary word line signals WL[n] and WLB[n] from a first end of corresponding word lines WLN[n] and WLNB[n] adjacent to word line driver630to a second end of corresponding word lines WLN[n] and WLNB[n] adjacent to booster circuit650.

Booster circuit650includes power supply node VDD configured to carry power supply voltage VDD, power supply node VDDHD configured to carry power supply voltage VDDHD, and PMOS transistor P1, each discussed above with respect to booster circuit150. PMOS transistor P1is coupled between power supply nodes VDD and VDDHD and includes the gate configured to receive signal SLPM such that booster circuit650is thereby configured to operate in power saving and active modes in the manner discussed above with respect to booster circuit150.

Booster circuit650further includes a plurality of inverters (not labeled) coupled to power supply node VDDHD. Each inverter includes an input terminal coupled to a corresponding word line WLNB[n] and an output terminal coupled to a corresponding word line WLN[n]. A given inverter is thereby configured to, in operation, receive word line signal WLB[n] from word line WLNB[n] and boost word line signal WL[n] on the end of word line WLN[n] adjacent to booster circuit650based on word line signal WLB[n].

Memory circuit600including word line driver630, array610, and booster circuit650is thereby configured to, in operation, activate word line WL[n] at each of the two ends of word line WL[n], and is thereby capable of realizing the benefits discussed above with respect to memory circuit100.

Compared to booster circuit150of memory circuit100, booster circuit650of memory circuit600uses fewer components and thereby occupies less area. Because array610of memory circuit600includes word lines WLNB[n] in addition to word lines WLN[n] included in array110of memory circuit100, memory circuit600requires greater routing resources than does memory circuit100.

FIG.7is a flowchart of a method700of transferring data in a memory circuit, in accordance with one or more embodiments. Method700is usable with a memory circuit, e.g., memory circuit100or600, discussed above with respect toFIGS.1-6.

The sequence in which the operations of method700are depicted inFIG.7is for illustration only; the operations of method700are capable of being executed in sequences that differ from that depicted inFIG.7. In some embodiments, operations in addition to those depicted inFIG.7are performed before, between, during, and/or after the operations depicted inFIG.7. In some embodiments, the operations of method700are a subset of operations of a method of operating a memory circuit.

At operation710, in some embodiments, a first node is coupled to a second node configured to carry a second power supply voltage in response to a power management signal. In some embodiments, coupling the first node to the second node includes switching from a power saving mode to an active mode. In some embodiments, coupling the first node to the second node includes switching on a transistor coupled between the first and second nodes. In some embodiments, coupling the first node to the second node configured to carry the second power supply voltage in response to the power management signal includes switching on PMOS transistor P1, thereby selectively coupling power supply node VDDHD to power supply node VDD configured to carry power supply voltage VDD in response to signal SLPM as discussed above with respect toFIGS.3A,3B, and6.

At operation720, a set of row decode signals and a pulse signal are generated using a control circuit, and, based on the set of row decode signals, a word line driver is used to activate a first end of a word line. In some embodiments, generating the set of row decode signals and the pulse signal includes using local control circuit120discussed above with respect toFIGS.1-4.

In some embodiments, generating the set of row decode signals and the pulse signal includes generating row decode signals XA<0>-XA<7> and XB<0>-XB<7> and one of clock pulse signals CKP_WL[1]-CKP_WL[4] based on received row addresses, as discussed above with respect toFIGS.2-6. In some embodiments, generating the pulse signal includes generating clock pulse signal CKP_WL discussed above with respect toFIGS.2-4.

In some embodiments, generating the set of row decode signals and the pulse signal includes using address decoding scheme500discussed above with respect toFIG.5.

In some embodiments, using the word line driver to activate the first end of the word line includes using word line driver130to activate the first end of word line WLN[n] discussed above with respect toFIGS.1-4or using word line driver630to activate the first end of word line WLN[n] discussed above with respect toFIG.6.

At operation730, based on the pulse signal, a booster circuit is used to activate a second end of the word line. In some embodiments, using the booster circuit to activate the second end of the word line includes using booster circuit150discussed above with respect toFIGS.1-4or using booster circuit650discussed above with respect toFIG.6.

In some embodiments, using the booster circuit to activate the second end of the word line includes coupling the word line to the first node configured to carry a first power supply voltage, e.g., using PMOS transistor P2to couple word line WLN[n] to power supply node VDDHD as discussed above with respect toFIGS.3A-4. In some embodiments, coupling the word line to the first node is in response to a boost signal generated in response to the pulse signal and activating the first end of the word line, e.g., in response to signal BOOST generated by NAND gate G1in response to clock pulse signal CKP_WL and word line signal WL[n] as discussed above with respect toFIGS.3A-4.

In some embodiments, using the booster circuit to activate the second end of the word line includes using an inverter to further generate the word line signal based on a complementary word line signal, e.g., using an inverter of booster circuit650to further generate word line signal WL[n] based on complementary word line signal WLB[n] as discussed above with respect toFIG.6.

In some embodiments, activating the first and second ends of the word line of the plurality of word lines comprises generating a voltage on a single metal layer of the memory circuit, e.g., generating word line signal WL[n] on word line WLN[n] included in a single metal layer of memory circuit100as discussed above with respect toFIGS.1and2.

At operation740, after activating the first and second ends of the word line, a read or write operation is performed on a memory cell coupled to the word line. In some embodiments, performing the read or write operation on the memory cell coupled to the word line includes performing the read or write operation on memory cell MC coupled to word line WL[n] as discussed above with respect toFIGS.1and6.

At operation750, in some embodiments, based on a signal complementary to the pulse signal, the booster circuit is used to deactivate the second end of the word line. In some embodiments, using the booster circuit to deactivate the second end of the word line based on the signal complementary to the pulse signal includes using booster circuit150to deactivate the second end of word line WL[n] based on signal CKPB as discussed above with respect toFIGS.2-4.

By executing the operations of method700, data are transferred in and out of memory cells of a memory circuit by activating first and second ends of a word line, thereby obtaining the benefits discussed above with respect to memory circuits100and600.

In some embodiments, a memory circuit includes a plurality of word lines, a word line driver coupled to the plurality of word lines and configured to output a first word line signal on a first word line of the plurality of word lines, and a booster circuit comprising a first node configured to carry a first power supply voltage, wherein the booster circuit is coupled to the plurality of word lines and configured to couple the first word line of the plurality of word lines to the first node responsive to a pulse signal and the first word line signal. In some embodiments, the first word line signal is one word line signal of a plurality of word line signals configured to activate corresponding word lines of the plurality of word lines, the word line driver is configured to generate the plurality of word line signals based on a plurality of row decode signals, and the memory circuit includes a local control circuit configured to generate the plurality of row decode signals and a local I/O circuit configured to generate the pulse signal corresponding to the word line driver activating any word line of the plurality of word lines. In some embodiments, a total number of word line signals of the plurality of word line signals corresponding to the pulse signal is equal to four. In some embodiments, the booster circuit includes a first transistor and a NAND gate, the first transistor is configured to couple the first word line to the first node responsive to a first signal, and the NAND gate is configured to generate the first signal responsive to the first word line signal and the pulse signal. In some embodiments, the booster circuit includes a second node configured to carry a second power supply voltage and a second transistor configured to couple the first node to the second node responsive to a power management signal. In some embodiments, the first word line signal is one word line signal of a plurality of word line signals configured to activate corresponding word lines of the plurality of word lines, and the booster circuit is configured to couple each word line of the plurality of word lines to the first node responsive to the pulse signal and the corresponding word line signal. In some embodiments, the booster circuit includes a reference node configured to carry a reference voltage and a transistor configured to couple the first word line to the reference node responsive to a signal complementary to the pulse signal. In some embodiments, the word line driver is positioned at a first end of each word line of the plurality of word lines, and the booster circuit is positioned at a second end of each word line of the plurality of word lines, the second end being opposite the first end. In some embodiments, the plurality of word lines is a first plurality of word lines, the memory circuit includes a second plurality of word lines coupled to the word line driver and the booster circuit and positioned between the word line driver and the booster circuit. In some embodiments, an entirety of each word line of the plurality of word lines is positioned within a single metal layer of the memory circuit.

In some embodiments, a method of transferring data in a memory circuit includes generating a set of row decode signals and a pulse signal using a control circuit, based on the set of row decode signals, using a word line driver to activate a first end of a word line, based on the pulse signal, using a booster circuit to activate a second end of the word line, and after the activating the first and second ends of the word line, performing a read or write operation on a memory cell coupled to the word line. In some embodiments, using the booster circuit to activate the second end of the word line includes coupling the word line to a first node configured to carry a first power supply voltage. In some embodiments, coupling the word line to the first node is in response to a boost signal generated in response to the pulse signal and the activating the first end of the word line. In some embodiments, the method includes coupling the first node to a second node configured to carry a second power supply voltage in response to a power management signal. In some embodiments, activating the first and second ends of the word line of the plurality of word lines includes generating a voltage on a single metal layer of the memory circuit. In some embodiments, the method includes using the booster circuit to deactivate the second end of the word line based on a signal complementary to the pulse signal.

In some embodiments, a memory circuit includes a first plurality of word lines, a word line driver coupled to the first plurality of word lines and positioned at a first end of the first plurality of word lines, and a first booster circuit coupled to the first plurality of word lines and positioned at a second end of the first plurality of word lines opposite the first end. The word line driver is configured to activate each word line of the first plurality of word lines responsive to a corresponding signal of a plurality of signals, and the booster circuit is configured to activate each word line of the first plurality of word lines responsive to the corresponding signal of the plurality of signals. In some embodiments, the word line driver is configured to generate the plurality of signals. In some embodiments, each of the word line driver and the booster circuit includes a plurality of inverters configured to receive the corresponding plurality of signals and active the corresponding first plurality of word lines responsive to the plurality of signals. In some embodiments, the circuit includes a second plurality of word lines, wherein the word line driver is coupled to the second plurality of word lines and positioned at a first end of the second plurality of word lines, and a second booster circuit coupled to the second plurality of word lines and positioned at a second end of the second plurality of word lines opposite the first end.