System for interconnecting subscribers lines to an automatic digital telephone switching system

In the interconnection system between telephone subscribers lines and digital telephone electronic switching equipment, individual subscriber equipment is associated with each line, which is comprised of means for providing conventional line interface functions and also a conventional two-four wire differential coupler. The four wire output of the coupler is liked to an A/D and D/A converter whose digital output is connected to an output multiplex and digital input to an input multiplex. Each individual equipment has an outgoing and return route allotted in both the input and output multiplexes. The input and output multiplexes or time shared data busses are multiplied to the inputs and outputs of a plurality of basic digital switches connected by two-way digital multiplexes or data busses.

The present invention relates to an interconnection system for connecting 
telephone subscribers lines to automatic digital telephone switching 
system. 
At the present time, the connection of telephone subscribers lines in an 
automatic telephone switching system, which may be electromagnetic, space 
or time division, is achieved through the use of an "input distributor 
frame" which interfaces between the telephone distribution network and the 
switching stages. For more details on these distribution frames and in 
particular a description of the input distribution frames one can refer to 
the work of A. Delbouys, M. Durand, A. Campien and J. Monfort in Chapter 
VII, pp. 5-11 of their book "Cours de Telephonie Generale" published in 
1970 by "l'Administration Des Postes et Telecommunications." In practice 
an input distribution frame is formed as a two-sided structure. On one 
side are found the vertical terminal posts to which the subscribers lines 
are physically connected and on the other side are found the horizontal 
terminal posts from which the link-up cables go to the switching stages. 
The two faces of the structure are connected together by flexible garter 
type strapping. 
At the input distributor level, the following functions are provided: 
interconnection on the vertical terminal posts of subscribers lines coming 
from the distribution network, 
establishment on the cable heads, that is on the vertical head side, of 
secondary protection units, in general lightning arrestors for overhead 
and mixed underground and overhead lines. 
conversion of subscribers lines from a geographic to a numerical 
organization, that is a translation of equipment number connected to both 
lines, i.e. to the vertical terminal posts of the distribution frame into 
a directory number which is linked via the internal structure of the 
switching system to the horizontal terminal posts by garter type 
strapping. 
distribution by mixing subscribers lines between vertical and horizontal 
terminal posts for the purpose of: 
evening out the traffic going to the different stages of the switching 
system, 
performing transfers, that is allowing a subscriber to keep the same 
directory number at the same interconnection level after moving to a new 
region of town, 
supplying break points in subscribers lines for the purpose of: 
line isolation, 
the connection of line usage checking equipment. 
insertion of peripheral equipment such as repeaters, line equalizers, etc. 
in the lines. 
With prior art distribution frames junction cables between the input 
distribution frame and the interconnection stages of the associated 
automatic switching equipment carry analog signals. Thus in these cables 
there are as many pairs as there are linked subscribers. At their entry in 
the automatic switching equipment, the lines coming from the distribution 
frame go to junctors which perform the interface, that is, supply the 
power, ring the bell, detect receiver offhook conditions, etc. 
Now, at the subscriber selection stages, the subscriber traffic is 
concentrated before reaching the smaller group selection stages, where the 
size is also reduced. In the digital automatic switching equipment, that 
is, the automatic switching equipment to which the connection network 
interconnects pulse code modulated or PCM channels, the analog to digital 
conversion is performed with multi-channel encoders after concentration, 
and the conversion back from digital to analog is done before 
deconcentration (expansion). In general, one encoder is associated with a 
first order PCM multiplexer and encodes to its respective 30 channels. 
In practice, we know that the size of such an input distribution frame 
requires a building with a high ceiling clearance and a substantial floor 
area. Thus the management and maintenance of such a distribution frame 
requires a significant amount of manpower, leading to a considerable 
expenditure. Such distribution frames become extremely complex for 
capacities exceeding 20,000 lines. Statistics show that due to the 
inherent modularity of the equipment only 80% of the subscriber equipment 
installed is used effectively. 
One object of the present invention is to provide a system to interconnect 
subscribers lines with an automatic digital electronic telephone switch, 
which occupies a much smaller volume than conventional distribution frames 
stations of equal capacity and furthermore allows the removal of the 
garter strapping thus considerably reducing the required manpower and 
reducing the interconnection modules installed for a single subscriber, 
and which eliminates completely unused subscriber equipment. 
Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide an 
interconnection system for which manual maintenance is reduced to the 
removal and insertion of plug-in modules. 
As one feature the present invention, a system is provided to interconnect 
telephone subscriber lines to an automatic digital electronic telephone 
switching system. Associated with each subscriber's line is individual 
subscriber equipment for providing conventional line interface functions 
and also a conventional differential two-four wire coupler whose four wire 
output is connected to an analog/digital and digital/analog converter. The 
digital output of the converter is connected to an outgoing multiplex 
channel and the digital input of which is connected to an incoming 
multiplex channel. Each individual subscriber equipment has an allocated 
incoming and outgoing multiplex channel. The incoming and outgoing 
multiplex channels are respectively coupled to corresponding inputs and 
outputs of a group of basic digital switches of which each is connected by 
a two way linking multiplex to a digital switching stage of an automatic 
time division switching system. Each basic digital switch switches, in a 
permanently programmable manner, one outgoing channel from an incoming 
multiplexer and one outgoing channel to a linking multiplexer and 
conversely one return channel from the outgoing multiplexer to one return 
channel from the linking multiplex. 
According to another characteristic, each individual subscriber equipment 
is a circuit mounted on a printed circuit board which is plugged into a 
backplane which is connected on one hand, to at least one distribution 
cable for subscribers lines, and on the other hand, to multiplex link 
connectors. The backplane also has plug-in connectors for the basic 
digital switches and the connectors for line protection modules in 
addition to those intended for individual equipment plug-in boards. The 
backplane is initially constructed with all its connectors, the number of 
which that are being used corresponds to the entry into service of lines 
from the distribution cable. 
According to another features, each individual subscriber equipment is a 
circuit carried on print circuit cards which carry modulator-demodulators 
for carrier lines, which may be plugged in, instead of individual 
subscriber equipment. Each modulator-demodulator card has one connector 
into which may be plugged one individual subscriber equipment card, and 
outputs that may be connected by a flexible connection to an individual 
subscriber card connector. 
According to another feature, each individual subscriber equipment card has 
one connector into which may be plugged one special purpose circuit card 
depending on the class of the subscriber.

The interconnection system shown in FIG. 1, is comprised of a vertical back 
plane 1 which is connected on one hand to the telephone subscriber network 
cables 2 and on the other hand to the first T stage of a convention TST 
type digital (time division) switch via PCM links. 
On back plane 1 will be found various plug-in modules of different kinds 
such as the individual line protection modules 3, incorporating lightning 
arrestors, modules 4 being referred to as "individual subscriber 
equipment" for each subscriber's line. Before describing module 4 or 
individual subscriber equipment in greater detail, we shall indicate that 
the introduction of individual subscriber equipment is unusual at this 
level of switching, since we know that it performs the following 
functions: 
line interface functions, that is, to supply power to the line, to detect 
lifting of telephone receiver, voltage surge protection, the transmission 
of ringing, conversion from two to four wire and vice-versa, connection of 
centralized test apparatus; all of which is done at the subscriber 
junctor. 
analog/digital conversion and vice-versa performed in a single channel 
coder-decoder, and associated related functions such as analog filtering, 
sampling, demodulation and compression, such that the signals exchanged 
between the backplane and the digital T stage are PCM coded following the 
CCITT recommendations and A regulations. 
The PCM links are, on one hand, connected by conventional connectors 5 to 
the T stage and on the other hand by the connectors 6 to the backplane 1. 
In practice the PCM links are grouped by 7 into a suitable cable. Basic 
digital switches are inserted between the connectors 6 and the equipments 
4. 
As shown in the schematic of FIG. 2, in the interconnection system of the 
invention; one telephone subscriber station 8 is connected, via one pair 9 
in one cable 2 capable of containing up to 112 pairs, one protection 
module 3, two wires 10, to the analog input of a subscriber's equipment 4 
of which one digital input 11 is connected to a PCM receiving multiplex 
channel and of which one digital output 12 is connected to a PCM 
transmission multiplex channel. 
The individual subscriber equipment shown in FIG. 3 is comprised of one 
junctor 13 connected on one hand to the wires 10 and on the other hand to 
the two input-output wires of a 2/4 wire hybrid or conventional 
differential coupler 14. The output 15 from the hybrid 14 is connected to 
the input of a low-pass filter 16. The output of the filter 16 is 
connected to the input 17 of a blocking sampler whose output is connected 
to the input of a coder 18, the output of which is connected to a register 
with output 19. The input 20 of the hybrid 14 is connected to the output 
of a low-pass filter 21 whose input is connected to the output of a 
blocking sampler 22 which has its input connected to the output of a 
decoder 23, the input of which is connected to the output of register 24. 
In practice, the blocking samplers 17 and 22, the coder 18, the decoder 23 
along with the registers 19 and 24 are conventional circuits mounted as a 
group of integrated circuits commercially available under the name of 
"Half-Duplex PCM CODEC" presently manufactured by various American 
companies. 
In the conventional case of 8 kHz sampling, the voice transmission filter 
16 is a 2nd order analog filter while filter 21 is a 6th order analog 
filter. 
The output of register 19 is connected to the digital output 12 which is 
itself connected to a PCM transmission multiplex line tm while the input 
of register 24 is connected to the digital input 11 which is connected to 
a PCM receiving multiplex rm; the tm and rm multiplex taken together 
constitute what is known as a PCM link. It is understood that the group of 
circuits 17, 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24 receive through a link shown as 25 an 8 
kHz timing signal to control on one hand the input to the tm and on the 
other hand the selection of samples received from the rm. 
The individual subscriber equipment of FIG. 3 furthermore is comprised of 
seizure circuit 26 within junctor 13 upon detection of signalling coming 
from subscribers line 9, and a control circuit 27 to activate the 
appropriate relays of junctor 13 depending upon the signal received from 
the multiplex rm. The seizure circuit 26 is connected to the input of a 
register 28 which receives a clock signal at 25 and which is connected to 
output 12 in order to insert signalling within the digitized channel, as 
reserved by the multiplex tm. The control circuit 27 is connected to the 
output of a register 29 which receives a clock signal at 25 and whose 
input is connected to input 11 in order to receive signalling transmitted 
within the digitized channel reserved by the multiplex rm and intended for 
the appropriate equipment. 
As we shall see in greater detail later, the signal transmitted by seize 
circuit 26 contains information about the state of the subscriber's loop 
or the result of an attempted call while circuit 27 allows for the control 
within junctor 13 of components such as the ringing relay, incompleted 
call relay or the third wire or polarity reversal relay if the individual 
subscriber has the corresponding modules. 
It is shown in FIG. 4 how the individual line equipments 4.1, 4.2, 4.n, . . 
. 4-16 of a GR group of 16 individual line equipments are connected by 
their respective inputs and outputs 11-12 to a bidirectional PCM 
multiplex. The tm multiplex highway is connected to one input of the basic 
digital switch 7 while the rm multiplex highway is connected to the output 
of the same rank of switch 7. The switch 7 consists of: for example; eight 
input-output pairs numbered E0-E7 and S0-S7 respectively, among which 
input E0 is connected to an incoming PCM multiplex highway from stage T, 
and output S0 is connected to an outgoing PCM multiplex highway to stage 
T. The other inputs E1 to E7 are respectively connected to tm multiplex 
sent from the equipment 4, and the outputs S1 to S7 are connected to the 
corresponding rm multiplex highway. In FIG. 4, the GR group tm and rm 
multiplex shown are respectively connected to E4 and S4. The amplifiers 30 
and 31 can also be expected on PCM links with the T stage, these also 
being mounted on backplane 1. 
Each basic digital switch 7 has the logical means to directionally switch a 
PCM line, entering at E0, to one of the outputs S1 to S7 in a time slot 
allocated to equipment 4, whose rm multiplex is tied to the chosen output. 
Conversely, the corresponding line in the corresponding tm multiplex is 
directionally switched by the logical means of switch 7 to a corresponding 
line of the PCM which has its output at S0. It should be noted that both 
PCM and PCM' multiplexes have the same handling capability. The structure 
of switch 7, adapted to directionally switch each channel from one 
multiplex to another multiplex's channel, with a permanent correspondence 
between the two channels, is very simple. Practically, it is this 
permanent correspondence that, digitally, replaces the garter type 
strapping or jumper wire connections of spatial distribution frames. 
In FIG. 5, we have considered a case where, on a backplane 1, we had seen 7 
groups GR1 to GR7, each having in principle 16 individual subscribers' 
equipments, but not having, for example, more than 90 sets of equipment 
for the whole of the 7 groups, where the TM and RM multiplexes are 
effectively tied to the inputs and the outputs of three basic digital 
switches 7.1 to 7.3, each respectively tied to the T stage by three 
multiplexes PCM1 to PCM3. However, this number of 3 basic switches is not 
limited. We can modify the correspondence, which is said to be permanent, 
as mentioned above, by modifying an address in the switching memory of a 
basic digital switch, thereby changing a garter strap. It appears 
therefore that the three basic digital switches permit a great flexibility 
in serving more profitably the subscriber's various needs. 
In practice, the subscriber's lines 9 of the distribution cable 8 are 
firmly fixed to each backplane. When a line is assigned to a subscriber, a 
protection module 3 and an individual subscriber's equipment module 4 are 
inserted into the two corresponding slots of the backplane. Therefore, as 
each individual line is assigned to a subscriber, the backplane becomes 
filled with these insertable modules. The cables 2 which carry the 
subscriber's lines undergo generally, a certain amount of splitting before 
arriving at the subscriber. It can then be said that the subscribers are 
randomly distributed in the cable and also on the backplane itself, where 
the individual equipment occupies no predetermined slot. To avoid the 
requirement that random filling of the distribution cables would cause a 
situation in which a small number of subscribers would require equipping 
the whole backplane of PCM multiplex links to the T stage, the basic 
switches 7 permit a smooth distribution of the digital channels from 
equipment 4 to the PCM multiplexes. Therefore, PCM multiplexes are better 
loaded, which is important in a system with no concentrator network. 
The basic digital switches provide, therefore, a means for switching the 
digital channels coming from the equipment of groups GR1 to GR7 on the 
PCM.1 to PCM.3 multiplexes as the subscribers are connected together, so 
that the first subscribers randomly linked up on the backplane may be 
switched firstly by the first switch 7.1 on the first multiplex PCM.1 
until it is filled, then the next subscribers via 7.1 to PCM.2 until it is 
filled and so on. This has the advantage of using only the number of PCM 
multiplexes necessary for the traffic of the subscriber actually linked to 
the backplane. These switches also permit a reconfiguration of the 
backplane in the case of a PCM multiplex breakdown or, in general, common 
equipment for multiple subscriber units such as a basic digital switch or 
an amplifier 30 or 31. Should such equipment break down, one can 
effectively switch the corresponding subscribers to another PCM multiplex. 
For this purpose, one can foresee that one free PCM multiplex per 
backplane should be provided. 
In practice, each basic digital switch is mounted on an individual plug-in 
card which is comprised as well of the amplifiers 30 and 31, and 
eventually, code conversion devices should the distance of the backplane 
to the TST connection network require it. 
The switches also permit the allocation to subscriber equipments 4 of a 
certain number of digital channels on the associated PCM multiplex, these 
digital channels being possibly consecutive, as would be the case in a 
multiservice network. One must note that the backplane of the switching 
system of the invention is particularly adaptable to this type of network, 
since it permits the allocation of individual subscriber services, not 
only on a digital channels level, but also at the individual subscriber's 
equipment level. 
In FIG. 6 is shown the schematic diagram of a junctor 13 from individual 
subscriber's equipment 4, FIG. 3. In the pair of wires 10, the wire a is 
connected to ground through the intermediate contact of inverter R1.1, the 
intermediate contact of contacts R2.1, the intermediate contact of 
contacts R3.1 the first primary winding of a conventional translator 
(transformer) 32, and the line current limiting resistor 33. The wire b is 
connected to the -48 V battery, through the intermediate contact of 
contacts R1.2, the intermediate contact of contacts R2.2, the intermediate 
contact of contacts R3.2 a second primary winding of translator 32, and a 
protection component 34 for avoiding voltage surges. A capacitor 35, for 
example of 2.2 microfarads, is mounted between the primary windings to 
achieve low frequency decoupling. The junction of the second primary 
winding 32 and component 34 is connected to a photocoupler 36 whose output 
is connected to the input of the seizure circuit 26. The photocoupler 36 
is able to recognize the state of a subscriber loop. The secondary winding 
of translator 32 has one lead connected to ground and the other connected 
to the input of the 2 wire/4 wire hybrid circuit 14; a protective zener 
diode 37 is connected in parallel with this secondary winding. 
The output of control circuit 27 is made up of three wires which are 
connected to three relays R1, R2 and R3. The energization of relay R1 
activates contacts R1.1 and R1.2 to send down the line the ringing current 
through a pair of wires 38. Energizing relay R2 activates contacts R2.1 
and R2.3 to return line a and b to the line test circuit via pair 39. 
Energizing relay R3 activates contacts R3.1 and R3.2 to return line a and 
b to the line test circuit via pair 40. Thus it is apparent that depending 
on the signalling received in register (FIG. 3) 29 and translated in 27, 
switching relays may or may not be activated. Finally, the status of the 
subscriber's receiver, be if off hook or not, is detected by 36 which 
relays the information to 26 which inserts through register (FIG. 3) 28 
the respective signalling into the multiplex. 
FIG. 7 displays the case in which a subscriber line 9 is connected to a 
backplane 1 to carry current of the SPAX or PPT type. Close to two 
identical subscriber stations 8 and 8' a modulation-demodulation module 41 
is mounted, connected between 8 and 8'. On the backplane side, line 9 is 
always connected to a protective mechanism 3 whose wires from output 10 
are connected to the input of a modulation-demodulation card having an 
appropriate filter, of which one pair of output wires 43 is connected to 
the input of one conventional subscriber card 4' and another pair of 
output wires 10' is connected to the input of another individual 
subscriber equipment card. Since card 4' is plugged-in, in practice its 
analog input is connected to an open pair 10" since the corresponding 
protective circuit 3 is not plugged-in. In practice, card 42 which carries 
the filter is plugged into the location of the conventional individual 
equipment, and card 4 is simply plugged into card 42 which has connectors 
for this purpose. The wire jumpers 43 are soldered as the need arises. One 
should note that this type of interconnection is extremely simple to 
implement since it consists of removing one double strap besides the 
insertion of simple plug-in modules. 
According to this invention the present interconnection system allows 
through the use of special plug-in modules for individualized subscriber 
services such as wire c equipment, reverse polarity subscriber equipment 
or remote billing service. 
In FIG. 8 the case of a 3 wire interconnection is represented. In fact, 
this differentiation is reserved for the (telephone company) 
Administration's needs for links between actives of automatic 
subdistribution frames and automatic switching equipment. This allows the 
use of signalling which consists of connecting wire c to ground through a 
resistor of less than 100 ohms. 
Between the actives of the automatic subdistribution frames and the 
backplane 1 of the automatic switching equipment, interconnection is made 
with triplex cables. A third terminal is required on the backplane in 44, 
and the backplane rear cabling ties it to the terminal of the 
corresponding individual subscriber's equipment 4. That is the case for 
all the backplanes and for all the equipment 4. For the general case, 
which does not have the third wire, the third terminal 45 on module 4 
remains unused. 
In the equipment 4, a specified wire c crosses the card on which is 
inserted a card 46 which has one moving contact R4.1, for which the fixed 
contact is connected to ground by resistor 47 of less than 100 ohms and 
the moving contact is connected to terminal 48 which is connected to wire 
c of 4. Module 46 also has a relay R4 which has its excitation circuit 
connected to the output of 27 of card 4 when 46 is plugged-in. 
In FIG. 9, we have shown a polarity reversing module card 49 plugged-in to 
the frame of backplane 1, to which a conventional card 4 is plugged-in. 
Card 49 is inserted in the place of card 4. Card 49 is comprised of an 
inverting relay R5 associated with a set of conventional inverting 
contacts mounted on wires a and b, and extending to card 4. The relay R5 
is activated by a wire which is connected to control circuit 27, shown in 
FIG. 3. 
It should be noted that signalling with polarity reversal is used mainly by 
public telephone booths and operators. 
In FIG. 10, we have shown inserted in the frame of backplane 1, a remote 
billing module card 50 in which is inserted a conventional card 4. Card 50 
is inserted in place of card 4. It has a circuit, connected between wires 
a and b, having a capacitor 51 and the secondary of transformer 52 of 
which the primary is part of an oscillating circuit with transistor 53 
whose base may be controlled by a wire connected to the control circuit 
27. 
Module 50 is crossed by wires a and b. It allows the the transmission, on 
line 9, of calibrated pulses at a rate proportional to the line charge 
causing advancement of a subscriber's counter. The signal used is at a 
frequency of 12 kHz provided by the oscillator 53. 
In FIG. 11, we have shown a basic digital switch 54 which is used to 
establish, for example on a distant backplane, a local call by looping 
output 50 to input E0 with a multiplex link.