Brushless pump motor with built-in electronic control

A motor for a pump, especially a pump for a drum, barrel, or other tanks or containers. The motor has a housing in which a rotor is surrounded by a stator. The motor is an electronically commutated direct current motor that has no brushes. The switch or control device of the motor is an electronic switch or control device that is accommodated in the housing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a motor for a pump, especially a pump for 
a drum, barrel, or other tanks or containers. The pump includes a 
preferably pressure-encased or shielded housing in which a rotor, via its 
rotor shaft, is rotatably mounted; a stator disposed in the housing and 
surrounding the rotor; and a power supply line that is connected to a 
switch or control device. 
Such pump motors are conventionally embodied as commutator motors. The 
problem with such motors is that deposits of carbon dust form in the motor 
housing over time. This is especially the case with closed, 
pressure-encased housings Undesired current leakage can then occur. This 
can lead to the formation of sparks. If such a pump is operated in 
explosion-prone areas, explosions can occur due to this spark formation. 
Since the formation of sparks occurs only if these commutator motors are 
not properly operated, a potential equalization is directed to be 
undertaken on the pump motors in order to prevent the harmful formation of 
sparks. However, such a potential equalization is frequently not 
undertaken either for reasons of convenience or oversight. 
For this reason, pump motors have been developed with which the danger of 
explosions is to a large extent precluded, even where the motor is not 
operated properly. With these motors, the explosion-proof, 
pressure-encased pump motor is double insulated, with the metallic motor 
housing being surrounded by plastic installation. However, even with these 
motors, leakage currents can still occur due to the presence of carbon 
dust deposits in the interior of the housing. The known commutator motors 
furthermore have the drawback that the brushes and commutators wear out. 
The service life of such motors is therefore relatively short, being of 
the order of magnitude of approximately 500 operating hours. 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a motor of the 
aforementioned general type that can be operated without danger even where 
the motor is not operated properly, and that has practically no parts that 
are subject to wear, so that the motor has a very long service life and is 
very economical to manufacture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The motor of the present invention is characterized primarily in that it is 
an electronically commutated direct current motor that has no brushes, and 
in that the switch or control device is an electronic switch or control 
device that is accommodated in the housing. 
As indicated, the inventive motor is an electronically commutated direct 
current motor that has no brushes With such a motor, no internal carbon 
dust contamination occurs, so that the current leakage connected therewith 
in heretofore known commutator motors can be reliably precluded. For this 
reason, the inventive motor, if it has a pressure-encased housing, can be 
operated without danger in explosion-prone areas. The entire electronic 
switch or control device is accommodated in the motor housing. Since with 
the inventive motor no carbon dust occurs, the electrical insulating 
system of this motor remains practically unaltered even after very long 
periods of operation. The reliability against accidents is thereby assured 
during the entire service life of the inventive motor. Since the interior 
of the housing remains free of carbon dust, the measures that are required 
for the protective class II of DIN (German Industrial Standards 
Association)/VDE (Association of German Electrical Engineers) can be 
easily carried out. The electronic switch or control device can, for 
example, be designed for a voltage range of 12 volts to 240 volts, so that 
this motor can then be readily used for the protective classes I, II, and 
III. 
Further specific features of the present invention will be described in 
detail subsequently. 
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring now to the drawing in detail, the inventive motor has a housing 1 
that comprises a bottom part 2, a top part 3, and a middle part 1'. The 
ends of the top and bottom parts 3 and 2 of the housing extend over the 
middle part 1'. All three of the parts 1', 2, 3 of the housing 1 are 
axially secured relative to one another by screws or bolts 4. The bottom 
part 2 of the housing has a base 6 that is provided with a centrally 
disposed cylindrical raised portion 7 that is directed toward the middle 
part 1' of the housing. The raised portion 7 carries a bearing 8, such as 
a roller bearing or a friction bearing, for a rotor shaft 9, which extends 
through the raised portion 7 and extends into the top part 3 of the 
housing. Approximately at the level of the top end of the middle part 1' 
of the housing, the rotor shaft 9 is rotatably supported by a further 
bearing 10, which similarly can be a roller bearing or a friction bearing. 
The bearing 10 is carried by a cylindrical raised portion 11 that is 
centrally provided on a bearing bracket 12 that has, on its periphery, a 
rim 13 that extends axially beyond the raised portion 11 and rests against 
the inner wall of the middle part 1' of the housing. The bearing bracket 
12 is secured to the lower, thicker end of the bottom part 2 of the 
housing via screws or stay bolts 14. The bearing bracket 12 and the rim 13 
are preferably integrally constructed, thus permitting simple installation 
during assembly of the motor. 
The bottom part 2 of the housing with the central raised portion 7 is 
similarly preferably integrally constructed. On that side remote from the 
middle part 1' of the housing, the raised portion 7 is provided with an 
extension 16 that extends beyond the base 6; the rotor shaft 9 extends 
through and is guided by the extension 16. 
In an explosion-proof motor, the parts 1', 2, 3 of the housing are made of 
metal. The motor then has the necessary pressure encasement or shielding. 
In this connection, the bearing bracket 12 can also be made of metal, 
although it is also possible to construct the bearing bracket 12 of 
plastic. If the motor need not be explosion-proof and pressure shielded, 
the motor housing 1 can be made of any suitable material. If the motor is 
circulation cooled, the housing 1 can even be made of plastic. 
The motor has a rotor 17, which in the illustrated embodiment is a multiple 
permanent magnet rotor. The rotor shaft 9 is rotatably supported in the 
two bearings 8 and 10. Fixedly seated on that end of the rotor shaft 9 
that is disposed in the top part 3 of the housing are magnets 18 that in 
conjunction with stationary Hall sensors 19 operate as means to recognize 
the position of the rotor and supply an electronic device 20 with the 
information necessary to determine the rotor position. The magnets 18 are 
provided in a carrier member 21 that is preferably embodied in a disk-like 
manner as a fan or ventilator in order to prevent a build up of heat in 
the interior of the housing 1. On that side of the bearing bracket 12 
remote from the middle part 1' of the housing, the carrier member 21 is 
seated on the free end of the rotor shaft 9. 
The rotor shaft 9 extends through the base 6 of the bottom part 2 of the 
housing, and carries in the region beyond the housing 1 a fan wheel 22 
that is accommodated in a chamber 23. The rotor shaft 9 extends through 
this fan chamber 23 and carries on its free end, which is disposed beyond 
the fan chamber 23 a coupling element 24 with which the rotor shaft 9 can 
be drivingly connected in a known manner with a pump shaft. Since 
corrosive liquids are often pumped with such pumps, it is advantageous to 
prevent penetration of corrosive vapors into the interior of the housing 
via a seal 25. This seal is preferably a radial shaft packing that is 
accommodated in the extension 16 of the bottom part 2 of the housing; this 
extension 16 is disposed within the fan chamber 23. 
The fan wheel 22 and the coupling element 24 are advantageously integrally 
constructed. If the motor is to be used in protective class II, as 
prescribed by DIN/VDE, the fan wheel 22 and the coupling element 24 are 
made of electrically insulating material. In this case, the fan wheel 22 
is expediently provided with a metallic threaded sleeve or bushing 22a via 
which the fan wheel 22 can be threaded onto the rotor shaft 9. The 
threaded bushing 22a is surrounded by electrically insulating plastic, so 
that in the event of a failure or malfunction, a reliable protection 
against contact with the outside is assured. 
The rotor 17 is surrounded by a stator 26 that is fixedly accommodated in 
the middle part 1' of the housing. Via a multi-phase winding, the stator 
26 can be supplied with current by means of the electronic power device 
20, thereby exciting the non-illustrated stator coils that are necessary 
for the rotational movement. 
Depending upon load, the described permanent magnet rotor follows 
synchronously, being shifted by a slight angle relative to its rotating 
field. As a consequence of the recognition of the rotor position via the 
magnets 18 and the Hall sensors 19, the permanent magnet rotor cannot fall 
out of "step", as is otherwise customary with synchronous motors. 
With the electronic device 20, it is possible to automatically reduce the 
speed as a function of current, and hence of load, if this is required, 
for example due to a more viscous medium that is to be pumped. It is to be 
understood that it is also possible to manually adjust the speed, for 
example via a potentiometer, as a function of current and hence load. 
Furthermore, a thermal monitoring of the winding is possible via a 
positive temperature coefficient resistor, which is particularly 
advantageous at low speeds because the cooling effect is then impaired. 
The electronic device 20 can also be provided with an undervoltage coil 34 
that reliably prevents, in conjunction with the motor protection switch 
27, the automatic restarting upon a loss of power or the like. 
The housing l is surrounded by a plastic shell 28 that is embodied as a 
casing which comprises two parts 29 and 30 that are detachably 
interconnected by screws 28a. The part 29 of the casing is secured to the 
bottom part 2 of the housing l via screws 28b that cannot be contacted 
from the outside. The plastic casing parts 29, 30 surround the parts 1', 2 
of the housing 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the part 3 of the housing 
1 has plastic 3a molded therearound. In this way, the housing 1 is 
completely surrounded by plastic If the motor is used in areas that are 
prone to explosion, a plastic is used that cannot become electrostatically 
charged. Provided in the casing parts 29, 30 of the plastic shell 28 is an 
air circulation system 31 in order to cool the critical region of the 
parts 1', 2, 3 of the housing 1 in which are accommodated the motor and 
control parts, such as the stator 26 with coils or the electronic device 
20, which generate heat. The air circulation system 31 comprises air 
circulation channels 32 that preferably extend in the axial direction of 
the parts 1', 2, 3 of the housing from the air inlet 33 into the fan 
chamber 23. At the bottom, the fan chamber 23 is delimited by a base 37 of 
the plastic casing part 29; the base 37 is spaced from the fan wheel 22, 
with the fan wheel and the coupling element 24 extending through the base. 
A circular collar 38 projects perpendicularly from the base 37. The collar 
38, which is provided with an external thread 39, extends at a distance 
about the coupling element 24 on the rotor shaft 9. Just like the base 37, 
the collar 38 preferably comprises an insulating plastic. These components 
are preferably integrally formed with the casing part 29. 
The air circulation channels 32 are advantageously delimited by 
non-illustrated, axially extending ribs that are provided on the inside of 
the casing part 30. The casing part 30 rests against the outer wall of the 
part 1' of the housing 1 via these ribs. Under suitable thermal stress, 
such air circulation channels can also be provided on the outer side of 
the part 1' of the housing 1. The air inlet 33 is expediently formed by 
individual inlet openings that are distributed over the periphery of the 
plastic shell 28 and through which the air can be drawn in by the fan 
wheel 22. The air then flows in the air circulation system 31 in the 
direction of the arrows that are indicated. The base 37 of the casing part 
29 is provided with outlets 40 for the discharge of air. During operation 
of the motor, the air that flows between the housing 1 and the plastic 
shell 28 absorbs heat that is generated and carries it off. This reliably 
prevents excessive thermal stressing of the motor. In particular, the 
electronic device 20 is protected in this manner from being overheated. 
This is to a great extent accomplished by the air circulation that occurs 
in the housing 1 and that is generated as a result of the configuring of 
the carrier member 21 as a fan wheel. 
In order to achieve a better withdrawal of heat when the housing is 
metallic, the outside of the part 3 and/or the part 1' and/or the part 2 
of the housing 1 can be provided with cooling ribs, thereby assuring a 
very rapid dissipation of heat as a result of the air that is flowing 
through. 
If the housing 1 is made of metal, it is also possible to coat the inside 
of the housing with an insulating plastic. This assures that the metallic 
housing 1 cannot have voltage applied thereto, even if damage to 
current-carrying components should occur in the housing 1. 
Since in the illustrated embodiment the housing 1 is surrounded by a 
plastic shell 28 that cannot be electrostatically charged, the motor does 
not have to be provided with a potential equalization if the motor is used 
in spaces that are prone to explosion. This not only facilitates handling 
of the motor, but in particular this also avoids undertaking the potential 
equalization. 
The motor that has just been described is an electronically commutated 
motor for pumps for a drum, barrel, or other tanks or containers. If the 
housing 1 is made of metal, a motor can, in particular, be used as an 
explosion-proof motor. One of the greatest advantages of the inventive 
motor is its practically unlimited freedom from maintenance, because the 
direct current motor has no brushes. As a result, no carbon dust enters 
the housing 1 during the entire life of this motor. Thus, the inner 
insulation system remains practically unaltered, even after very long 
periods of operation. If the inventive motor is to fulfill the conditions 
of protective class II of DIN/VDE, the measures necessary herefor can be 
carried out very easily, because no carbon dust results in the housing 1. 
It is therefore necessary to merely for the absolutely necessary leakage 
and air paths, which can, however, be achieved without difficulty. The 
inventive motor therefore has an extremely long service life, which 
corresponds approximately to the service life of the bearings 8, 10. It is 
to be understood that in all chambers of the motor where this is 
necessary, the features for the protective class II are to be undertaken. 
With the protective class I of DIN/VDE, these particular measures can be 
dispensed with. The motor can be embodied as an explosion-proof motor by 
having a metallic, pressure-tight housing that is electrically insulated 
on the outside with the plastic shell 28. 
If the motor is explosion-proof, the housing can also be divided into two 
chambers, whereby one chamber can be pressure encased and the other 
chamber can be embodied with an increased protective reliability "e" 
against explosion (European safety measure standard 50 014). The motor 16, 
17 can be accommodated in the non pressure-encased chamber that has the 
explosion protection "e". This chamber is then designed in such a way that 
certain temperatures cannot be exceeded therein The electronic device 20 
as well as the double pole controlling and monitoring motor protection 
switch 27 are accommodated in the pressure-tight encased chamber, thereby 
reliably preventing the formation of sparks, which could lead to an 
explosion. 
To activate the motor, the motor protection switch 27 is provided, which is 
designed in conformity with the respective type of protection. Due to the 
absence of an inner carbon dust contamination, a very reliable motor 
results, the reliability of which is maintained up to the end of the 
service life of the motor. The motor can be designed for a voltage of from 
12 volts to approximately 240 volts, and can be supplied directly with the 
appropriate voltage. Since the entire electronic device 20 is accommodated 
in the housing 1, no switchboards, switch boxes, etc. are required for the 
motor, as was necessary with the heretofore known motors. Furthermore, the 
motor of the present invention can be manufactured in a very economical 
manner. 
In place of the described radial shaft packing 25, it is possible to 
provide on the fan wheel 22 a ring 41 (shown in dashed lines) that extends 
about the extension 16 of the housing part 2 at a distance therefrom; as a 
result, in cooperation with the extension 16, a type of labyrinth seal is 
formed that, together with the air flowing through the fan chamber 23, 
prevents the penetration of corrosive vapors. 
The described electronically commutated direct current motor, which in 
itself is known, can be accommodated in the relatively small inner space 
of the housing 1 because instead of a transformer, a power supply having 
no transformer is used, which then has correspondingly small dimensions. 
This power supply can be connected directly to the electric circuit. The 
power supply voltage is then processed with an appropriate switching 
mechanism within the direct current motor in a known manner for driving 
the motor windings. 
The drawing additionally shows a plastic handle 42 with a cable sleeve 43, 
a traction relief device 44 for the non-illustrated power supply line, and 
a connection terminal 45. If the motor is explosion-proof, the bushings 46 
for the lead-in lines are designed in accordance with the customary 
DIN/VDE provisions. 
To actuate the motor protection switch 27, an actuating mechanism 48 is 
disposed below the handle 42. This actuating mechanism 48 is provided with 
a control shaft 49 that extends into the housing 1 and that must be turned 
by a further handle 50 that is disposed outside the housing Within the 
housing 1, the control shaft 49 carries an eccentrically mounted driver 51 
with which a switching lever 52 of the motor protection switch 27 can be 
pivoted into its two positions. In this manner, the motor can be easily 
turned on and off by rotating the further handle 50. 
The present invention is, of course, in no way restricted to the specific 
disclosure of the specification and drawing, but also encompasses any 
modifications within the scope of the appended claims.