Multiple uplink control channel transmission with reduced cubic metric

It is determined that there are X uplink control channel resources available for uplink signaling. Each of those X uplink control channel resources are sub-channelized into a plurality of sub-channels that each defines a unique time instant or point in time. For each of Y units of control information there is selected a unique combination of one of the sub-channels and a modulation (X and Y are each integers greater than one). The Y units of control information are sent on the X uplink control channel resources according to the respectively selected combinations. By example the uplink resources may be an ACK/NAK/DTX bit on a PUCCH. In one example the sub-channels are individual slots of a PUCCH. In another example the sub-channels are the reference-signal part and the data part of a single PUCCH slot.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of this invention relate generally to wireless communication systems, methods, devices and computer programs and, more specifically, relate to control signaling in wireless communication systems.

BACKGROUND

3GPP third generation partnership project

ACK acknowledge

CC component carrier

CCE control channel element

CM cubic metric

DTX discontinuous transmission

FDD frequency division duplexing

CQI channel quality indicator

FDD frequency division duplex

FDMA frequency division multiple access

FDPS frequency domain packet scheduler

HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request

HO handover

LB long block

LTE long term evolution

NAK/NACK not acknowledge or negative acknowledge

Node B base station

PRB physical resource block

PDCCH physical downlink control channel

PDSCH physical downlink shared channel

PUCCH physical uplink control channel

RS reference signal

SC-FDMA single carrier, frequency division multiple access

TDD time division duplex

UE user equipment

UTRAN universal terrestrial radio access network

A communication system known as evolved UTRAN (EUTRAN, also referred to as UTRAN-LTE or as E-UTRA) is currently under development within the 3GPP. As presently specified the DL access technique will be orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and the UL access technique will be SC-FDMA.

One specification of interest is 3GPP TS 36.300, V8.6.0 (2008 September), 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8), incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIG. 1reproduces FIG. 4.1 of 3GPP TS 36.300, and shows the overall architecture of the E-UTRAN system. The EUTRAN system includes eNBs, providing the EUTRA user plane (packet data convergence protocol PDCP/radio link control RLC/medium access control MAC/physical PHY) and control plane (radio resource control RRC) protocol terminations towards the user equipment UE. The eNBs are interconnected with each other by means of an X2 interface. The eNBs are also connected by means of an S1 interface to an evolved packet core (EPC), more specifically to a MME (Mobility Management Entity) by means of a S1 MME interface and to a Serving Gateway (S-GW) by means of a S1 interface. The S1 interface supports a many to many relationship between MMEs/S-GWs and eNBs.

While not a limiting environment for these teachings, of particular interest herein is the 3GPP LTE Release 9 (and beyond towards future International Mobile Telecommunications IMT-A systems, such as for example LTE Release 10), referred to herein for convenience simply as Rel-9, or as LTE-Advanced (LTE-A, sometimes termed 4.0G). The current LTE system is Release 8 or Rel-8. Of additional interest herein are deployment scenarios using TDD or FDD mode in a scalable bandwidth manner (of up to, for example, 100 MHz) with a component carrier (CC) aggregation technique. This is shown atFIG. 2, in which there are five adjacent carriers of 20 MHz each to span a LTE-A bandwidth of 100 MHz.FIG. 2shows some carriers (4and5) are compatible with Rel. 8 and therefore accessible by Rel-8 terminals/UEs, while other carriers (1through3) are Rel-9 carriers and incompatible with terminals/UEs which operate only under Rel-8 but not Rel-9. Other deployments may find all five carriers Rel-8 compatible, and Release 10 may have a different arrangement of component carrier compatibility. Whether 20 MHz wide or otherwise, each of these adjacent carriers are termed component carriers (CC).

It has been decided that LTE Rel-8 UEs should be able to operate in the LTE-A system. In evolving towards Rel-9, maintaining backwards compatibility with Rel-8 (E-UTRAN) is an important issue. For example, a Rel-8 UE should be able to access a corresponding Rel-9 system, and a Rel-9 UE should be able to access corresponding Rel-8 system, as shown by the arrangement ofFIG. 2. Provided that a Rel-8 UE is capable of operating in a scalable system bandwidth of up to 20 MHz (e.g., 10 MHz TDD or 20 MHz TDD) as specified in 3GPP, and that this bandwidth is then scaled up to 100 MHz for Rel-9, the Rel-9 radio system may possibly be structured as a scalable multi-carrier system having at least one Rel-8-compatible carrier.

As can be appreciated, a number of problems can arise in attempting to maintain compatibility between Rel-8 and Rel-9 systems, such as in the uplink control channel design and optimization of that control channel. One requirement of the LTE-A fourth generation (4G) communication network as specified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is the capability for single user multiple-input/multiple-output (SU-MIMO) transmissions, with up to four transmission antennas supported by the LTE-Advanced uplink system.

In Rel-8, the UE transmits control signals to the eNB on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). These control signals include ACK/NAK, channel quality indicators (CQI), and scheduling request (SR) indicators. The PUCCH concept of Rel-8 is being extended to LTE-A. To adapt the PUCCH for LTE-A, certain contributors to the 3GPP discussions have suggested that single-carrier transmission should be the target (or at least one option) whenever possible. This is a challenge especially from ACK/NAK signaling point of view because of the CC-specific HARQ and transport block; there will be multiple ACK/NAK bits per UL subframe.

For example, in document R1-090724 (3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #56, Athens, Greece; 09-13 Feb. 2009; by Nokia Siemens Networks and Nokia, attached to the priority document as Exhibit A), single-carrier properties are maintained by applying Rel-8 TDD principles when signaling multiple ACK/NAK bits per UL subframe. In LTE Rel-8 TDD, in the case of asymmetric DL/UL configuration, the UE has the possibility to report ACK/NAK associated with multiple DL subframes during one UL subframe. The ACK/NAK signaling for multiple DL subframes can be made using either ACK/NAK bundling or an ACK/NAK multiplexing mode.For the ACK/NAK bundling mode, an AND operation is first performed on the ACK/NAK bits in the time domain to get one bundled ACK/NAK bit (or 2 bits with multi code-word MCW DL transmission), then the bundled bit is modulated and transmitted on the PUCCH channel corresponding to the last detected DL grant.For the ACK/NAK multiplexing mode, channel selection is used which enables transmission of 2-4 bits via a single PUCCH channel selected from up to 4 PUCCH channels. The selected channel and the used QPSK constellation point are determined based on the ACK/NAK/DTX states for the multiple DL subframes as shown in Table 10.1-2, 10.1-3, and 10.1-4 of 3GPP TS36.213 v850 (attached to the priority document as Exhibit B).

However, as mentioned above it can only support up to 4 ACK/NAK bits via channel selection among 4 existing PUCCH channels. In the case when the Rel-8 TDD solution is applied with two PUCCH Format 1b resources, it can support up to 3 ACK/NAK bits per subframe via channel selection.

Another proposal is at PCT/EP2009/053214, which relates to Improved ACK/NAK Transmission Method in LTE-Advanced, and which can support up to 6 ACK/NAK bits while at the same time avoid the coverage problem. However, this is achieved by using multiple transmission antennas and so is not useful for UEs having only one transmit antenna as many of the Rel-8 UEs would, and likely some early Rel-9 UEs also.

Also relevant to these teachings is US Patent Publication 2008/0310547 A1 (published Dec. 12, 2008) and entitled “Multi-Code Precoding for Sequence Modulation”. In at least some embodiments, the multi-code precoding detailed there imposes certain requirements for the occupied PUCCH channels, i.e., that they should have the same or adjacent cyclic shift, in order to achieve the cubic metric benefit. These requirements are similar to those in document R1-082589 ((3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #53bis, Warsaw, Poland; Jun. 30-Jul. 4, 2008; by Nokia and Nokia Siemens Networks, attached to the priority document as Exhibit C).

As further background of the PUCCH in Rel-8, there are currently defined seven SC-FDMA symbols (sometimes termed long blocks or LBs) per slot in the PUCCH structure. A sub-frame consists of two slots. One PUCCH channel occupies two consecutive slots (i.e., one sub-frame) with frequency hopping. Part of those LBs are used for reference signals (the RS part, computer searched zero-autocorrelation codes ZAC sequences in Rel-8) for coherent demodulation. The remaining LBs are used for control and/or data transmission (the data part). In LTE Rel-8, one physical resource block PRB consists of 12 subcarriers during seven symbols, and one PRB contains a data part plus a RS part. Two types of code division multiplexing are used on the PUCCH Format 1/1a/b channel both for the data part and the pilot part: cyclic shifts and cover codes. Cyclic shift multiplexing provides nearly complete orthogonality between different cyclic shifts (if the length of cyclic shift is larger than the delay spread of the radio channel). Rel-8 provides up to 12 orthogonal cyclic shifts within one LB. Orthogonal cover codes (e.g., Walsh or discrete Fourier transform DFT spreading) may be used separately for those LBs corresponding to the RS part and those LBs corresponding to the data part. The CQI (PUCCH Format 2/2a/2b) is typically transmitted in Rel-8 without orthogonal covering.

What is needed in the art is an improved way to signal uplink control signals such as ACK/NAK for the case where the UE occupies multiple UL control channel resources (e.g., 2 or more resources) per subframe.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect thereof the exemplary embodiments of this invention provide an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing computer program instructions. In this first aspect the at least one memory, with the computer program instructions, is configured with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus at least to: determine that there are X uplink control channel resources available for uplink signaling; sub-channelize each of the X uplink control channel resources into a plurality of sub-channels that each defines a unique time instant; select for each of Y units of control information a unique combination of one of the sub-channels and a modulation, in which X and Y are each integers greater than one; and send the Y units of control information on the X uplink control channel resources according to the respectively selected combinations

In a second aspect thereof the exemplary embodiments of this invention provide a method comprising: determining that there are X uplink control channel resources available for uplink signaling; sub-channelizing each of the X uplink control channel resources into a plurality of sub-channels that each defines a unique time instant; selecting for each of Y units of control information a unique combination of one of the sub-channels and a modulation, in which X and Y are each integers greater than one; and sending the Y units of control information on the X uplink control channel resources according to the respectively selected combinations.

In a third aspect thereof the exemplary embodiments of this invention provide a computer readable memory storing computer program instructions. In this third aspect, when executed by at least one processor the stored computer programs instructions result in actions comprising: determining that there are X uplink control channel resources available for uplink signaling; sub-channelizing each of the X uplink control channel resources into a plurality of sub-channels that each defines a unique time instant; selecting for each of Y units of control information a unique combination of one of the sub-channels and a modulation, in which X and Y are each integers greater than one; and sending the Y units of control information on the X uplink control channel resources according to the respectively selected combinations.

These and other aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the invention are detailed more particularly below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

To improve the UL ACK/NAK payload for the case where the UE occupies two (or more) PUCCH resources per subframe, the inventors considered that a valuable solution would preferably have a low cubic metric, would be backward compatible by re-using the channelization structure of Rel-8, and would support at least four bits per subframe so as to satisfy a total of 16 ACK.NAK/DTX states (see for example section 10 of 3GPP TS 36.213, v8.5.0, cited above for different ACK/NAK/DTX states). A PUCCH resource may be considered to be defined by a combination of cyclic shift and cover code. The exemplary control signaling scheme detailed below is capable of increasing the payload/performance on the PUCCH in any of the formats 1a/1b as compared to current payload/performance on the existing PUCCH for those same formats in Rel-8.

Discontinuous transmission DTX and cubic metric CM are terms well known in the art; DTX in the context of uplink control signaling of ACK/NAK bits concerns pre-defined codewords of a physical downlink shared channel PDSCH. Where it appears that a DL resource allocation transmitted on the PDCCH has failed, the UE has no reason to transmit ACK/NAK in the UL. This is the DTX from the ACK/NAK signaling point of view. CM is the metric of the actual reduction in power capability, or power de-rating, of a typical power amplifier in a mobile handset/UE. It is seen as a more effective metric than peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) which was commonly used in the recent past.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention begin from the assumption that there are two or more PUCCH resources (Format 1a/1b) from the whole PUCCH resource set are available to an individual UE. As noted in background above and consistent with Rel-8, each of these two PUCCH resources may be applied to a Reference Signal (RS) part or a Data part. According to an exemplary embodiment of these teachings, each of those two PUCCH resources may be applied on two sub-channels.

Below are detailed two exemplary ways to do this sub-channelization: in one example the sub-channelization is based on selecting a PUCCH resource on the existing data/RS division in format 1a/1b (shown atFIG. 4A); in another example the sub-channelization is based on selecting PUCCH resource on each slot (shown atFIG. 4B). While these two examples are detailed with particularity below, they do not represent the extent of all sub-channelization techniques; others may be employed consistent with the broader teachings herein, particularly for use outside of LTE Rel-8 and Rel-9. The sub-channels are formed in such a way that only one of the available sub-channels (e.g., the data block or the RS block for theFIG. 4Aoption; or the resource within a slot for theFIG. 4Boption) is selected for transmission during a given time instant or point in time. Therefore, there is an inherent time-division multiplexing between the sub-channels, in either option. The control information (the individual bits for an individual ACK/NAK, for example) is carried as a combination of sub-channel resource selection and modulation.

Before describing below in particular detail the exemplary embodiments of this invention, reference is made toFIG. 3Afor illustrating a simplified block diagram of various electronic devices and apparatus that are suitable for use in practicing the exemplary embodiments of this invention. InFIG. 3Aa wireless network1is adapted for communication over a wireless link11with an apparatus, such as a mobile communication device or terminal which may be referred to as a UE10, via a network access node, such as a Node B (base station), and more specifically an eNB12. It is the wireless link11from the UE10to the eNB12in which the PUCCH lies. The data or signaling which the UE10ACKs/NAKs on that PUCCH is sent (or is expected by the UE) on the downlink side of that wireless link11. The network1may include a network control element (NCE)14that may include the MME/S-GW functionality shown inFIG. 1, and which provides connectivity with a network1, such as a telephone network and/or a data communications network (e.g., the internet).

The UE10includes a controller, such as a computer or a digital data processor (DP)10A, a computer-readable memory medium embodied as a memory (MEM)10B that stores a program of computer instructions (PROG)10C, and a suitable radio frequency (RF) transceiver10D for bidirectional wireless communications with the eNB12via one or more antennas. One antenna is shown atFIG. 3A, but it is understood other embodiments may have multiple transmit antennas as shown atFIG. 3B. The eNB12also includes a controller, such as a computer or a data processor (DP)12A, a computer-readable memory medium embodied as a memory (MEM)12B that stores a program of computer instructions (PROG)12C, and a suitable RF transceiver12D for communication with the UE10via one or more antennas (one shown atFIG. 3A; typically the eNB12will have an antenna array). The eNB12is coupled via a data/control path13to the NCE14. The path13may be implemented as the S1 interface shown inFIG. 1. The eNB12may also be coupled to another eNB via data/control path15, which may be implemented as the X2 interface shown inFIG. 1.

At least one of the PROGs10C and12C is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated DP, enable the device to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention, as will be discussed below in greater detail.

That is, the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be implemented at least in part by computer software executable by the DP10A of the UE10and/or by the DP12A of the eNB12, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware (and firmware).

For the purposes of describing the exemplary embodiments of this invention the UE10may be assumed to also include a sub-channelization block10E, and the eNB12may include a sub-channelization mapper12E. These may be implemented in the respective DPs10A,12A, or in other hardware or software within the respective devices10,12. In principle, the sub-channelization block10E enables the UE10to sub-channelize the PUCCHs and determine the modulations as detailed herein and to place the appropriate ACK/NAK on respective unique combinations of sub-channel and modulation for transmission over the PUCCH, and the sub-channelization mapper12E enables the eNB12to decode the ACKs/NAK bits received on the PUCCH by using the sub-channelization and modulation combination that is defined by the ACK/NAK bits.

FIG. 3Billustrates further detail of an exemplary UE in both plan view (left) and sectional view (right), and the invention may be embodied in one or some combination of those more function-specific components. AtFIG. 3Bthe UE10has a graphical display interface20and a user interface22illustrated as a keypad but understood as also encompassing touch-screen technology at the graphical display interface20and voice-recognition technology received at the microphone24. A power actuator26controls the device being turned on and off by the user. The exemplary UE10may have a camera28which is shown as being forward facing (e.g., for video calls) but may alternatively or additionally be rearward facing (e.g., for capturing images and video for local storage). The camera28is controlled by a shutter actuator30and optionally by a zoom actuator32which may alternatively function as a volume adjustment for the speaker(s)34when the camera28is not in an active mode.

Within the sectional view ofFIG. 3Bare seen multiple transmit/receive antennas36that are typically used for cellular communication. In some embodiments the UE10may have four (or even more) transmit antennas36, while in other embodiments the UE10may have only one transmit antenna36; in either case the different UEs can use the same sub-channelization procedures detailed herein as sub-channelization is not necessarily tied to MIMO transmission path. The antennas36may optionally be multi-band for use with other radios in the UE. The operable ground plane for the antennas36is shown by shading as spanning the entire space enclosed by the UE housing though in some embodiments the ground plane may be limited to a smaller area, such as disposed on a printed wiring board on which the power chip38is formed. The power chip38controls power amplification on the channels being transmitted and/or across the antennas that transmit simultaneously where spatial diversity is used, and amplifies the received signals. The power chip38outputs the amplified received signal to the radio-frequency (RF) chip40which demodulates and downconverts the signal for baseband processing. The baseband (BB) chip42detects the signal which is then converted to a bit-stream and finally decoded. Similar processing occurs in reverse for signals generated in the apparatus10and transmitted from it.

Signals to and from the camera28pass through an image/video processor44which encodes and decodes the various image frames. A separate audio processor46may also be present controlling signals to and from the speakers34and the microphone24. The graphical display interface20is refreshed from a frame memory48as controlled by a user interface chip50which may process signals to and from the display interface20and/or additionally process user inputs from the keypad22and elsewhere.

Certain embodiments of the UE10may also include one or more secondary radios such as a wireless local area network radio WLAN37and a Bluetooth® radio39, which may incorporate an antenna on-chip or be coupled to an off-chip antenna. Throughout the apparatus are various memories such as random access memory RAM43, read only memory ROM45, and in some embodiments there is a removable memory such as the illustrated memory card47on which the various programs10C are stored. All of these components within the UE10are normally powered by a portable power supply such as a battery49.

The aforesaid processors38,40,42,44,46,50, if embodied as separate entities in a UE10or eNB12, may operate in a slave relationship to the main processor10A,12A, which may then be in a master relationship to them. Exemplary embodiments of this invention as to the sub-channelization and modulation may be implemented in the baseband chip42, though it is noted that other embodiments need not be disposed there but may be disposed across various chips and memories as shown or disposed within another processor that combines some of the functions described above forFIG. 3B. Any or all of these various processors ofFIG. 3Baccess one or more of the various memories, which may be on-chip with the processor or separate therefrom. Similar function-specific components that are directed toward communications over a network broader than a piconet (e.g., components36,38,40,42-45and47) may also be disposed in exemplary embodiments of the access node12, which may have an array of tower-mounted antennas rather than the two shown atFIG. 3B.

Note that the various chips (e.g.,38,40,42, etc.) that were described above may be combined into a fewer number than described and, in a most compact case, may all be embodied physically within a single chip.

Now the exemplary embodiments of the invention are detailed with particularity. As was noted above, the UE10has two or more PUCCH resources (format 1a/1b) that are available to it from the overall set of PUCCH resources. There are various ways to make the PUCCH resources available, and how they are made available to the UE is not controlling as to how the UE performs the sub-channelization procedure. By example only, there may be ACK/NAK resource provisioning for SU-MIMO; two PUCCH resources may correspond to different control channel elements CCEs of one DL resource grant; one PUCCH channel may be derived based on the lowest CCE of the corresponding DL grant while the second PUCCH channel can be determined based on a logical offset value with respect to the first PUCCH channel (e.g., where the offset value can be defined in a dynamic or in a semi-static way); or both PUCCH channels can be derived based on the channel selection.

However these PUCCHs are made available, this may be generically stated as determining that there are X uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources available for uplink signaling, where the control channel resources are the PUCCHs (format 1a/1b) in these examples, the uplink signaling is ACK and/or NAK signaling, and where X is an integer greater than one. It is understood that the X PUCCH resources are available simultaneously. They are available to the UE and the eNB is expecting signaling from that UE on those PUCCHs.

However these two PUCCH resources are made available to the UE, recall that a PUCCH channel has a RS part and a data part, and occupies two slots. The UE's sub-channelization disperses each of the two PUCCH resources into the two sub-channels. These may also be termed the occupied PUCCHs, since they will be occupied with the ACK/NAK bits when the UE sends those PUCCHs. Said generally, the UE sub-channelizes each of the X uplink control channel resources into a plurality of sub-channels that each defines a unique time instant.

In one exemplary aspect, the sub-channelization is based on selecting one of the X available PUCCH resources on one certain data or reference signal part. This is termed herein as Data/RS-based orthogonal resource transmission diversity (ORT). It is an intra-slot sub-channelization since the X resources are present in one slot, and is shown atFIG. 4Awhich proceeds from the initial condition that X=2 occupied PUCCH Format 1a/1b resources. In this illustration as withFIG. 4B, the two available PUCCH resources are resource indices #0 and #8, and they are located under the same physical resource block PRB. It should be noted that this is not a mandatory requirement in the case of slot-based ORT, i.e., two PUCCH resources can be located also on different PRBs. Note that there are two sub-channels atFIG. 4A. Sub-channel 0 is defined as the data part and sub-channel 1 is defined as the RS part. In one exemplary embodiment, the bit sequence “00” is conveyed via applying resource #0 to sub-channel 0 and applying resource #0 to sub-channel 1. Similar holds true for other bit sequences.

Continuing with theFIG. 4Acase of Data/RS-based ORT transmission, a more balanced power per occupied PUCCH channel can be achieved if the selected PUCCH resources are swapped between the data block and RS block at the slot boundary. So for example, the bit sequence “01” can be transmitted in slot #0 as (Data (“8”), RS (“0”)); and then at slot #1 as (Data (“0”), RS (“8”)).

In another exemplary aspect shown atFIG. 4B, the sub-channelization is based on selecting one of the X available PUCCH resources on one certain slot within the subframe. This is termed herein as slot-based ORT, or inter-slot ORT since the sub-channelization is among the different slots. In theFIG. 4Billustration of this sub-channelization technique, we again use PUCCH resource indices #0 and #8 of the same PRB and X=2 available resources. But in this case, sub-channel 0 is defined as slot 0 of the subframe and sub-channel 1 is defined as slot 1 of the subframe. The different slots 0 and 1 of the PUCCH of course occur at different time instants. As is illustrated atFIG. 4B, the bit sequence “00” is conveyed via applying resource #0 to sub-channel 0 and applying resource #0 to sub-channel 1. Similar holds true for other bit sequences.

The tables inFIGS. 4A-4Bare identical but can easily be changed in any specific implementation so long as the UE10and eNB12both know in advance the mapping between bit sequence and resource index number. The bit sequences 00, 01, 10, and 11 each map to a unique combination of the available PUCCH resources.

Based on the two available PUCCH resources, resource selection for each sub-channel could be used to convey up to two ACK/NAK bits (though of course one bit mapping is also an option depending on the mapping of bit sequences and resources within the sub-channels, so for example bit “0” can correspond to resource number “0,0” and bit “1” can correspond to resource number “8,8”). In addition, 1 or 2 ACK/NAK bit(s) could be conveyed via BPSK or QPSK modulation.

In this manner, for both the RS/Data-based (intra-slot) ORT and the slot-based (inter-slot) ORT sub-channelization aspects detailed above, the UE is enabled to transmit up to four bits using only two available PUCCH resources, i.e., up to two bits by means of sub-channel selection and (one or) two additional bits using a known PUCCH symbol modulation technique via the selected sub-channel.

Having detailed specific exemplary embodiments of the invention, now are detailed some use-cases for specific implementations as to how these embodiments might be exploited in practice. These also are exemplary and not limiting to the broader teachings herein.

In a first use case, the payload on the PUCCH Format 1a/1b is increased, with cubic metric corresponding to a single code transmission. A reference case for comparison would be concurrent transmission via two PUCCH Format 1b channels (multi-code). Implementations according to these teachings improve over the above comparison reference case in that the cubic metric increment which is caused in the reference case by its multi-code transmissions, can be avoided in an implementation according to the above exemplary embodiments of this invention due to the design of the sub-channels. Additionally, the reference case suffers from the power split between the parallel code channels; and further for the implementation according to these teachings the increased payload can be used not only for ACK/NAK signaling but also other control signals such as a scheduling request. For example, in the case of scheduling requests, the two resources can be PUCCH Format 1 and PUCCH Format 1a/1b, instead of two PUCCH Format 1a/1b resources.

In a second use case, there is improved ACK/NAK feedback capability in the case of TDD/CC aggregation. In Rel-8 LTE TDD, up to four ACK/NAK bits can be transmitted using PUCCH channel selection combined with ZAC sequence modulation, but note that this would require four PUCCH channels in Rel-8. This is not enough in certain LTE-Advanced deployment scenarios. For example, in LTE-Advanced (FDD/CC aggregation) there is a need to support up to five component carriers (seeFIG. 2for example). This will create a need to transmit five-bit ACK/NAK via five PUCCH channels. It is noted that the existing Rel-8 solution does not support such an extension. In LTE-Advanced TDD, there will be a need to support Nx5 ACK/NAK bits during a single subframe, where N corresponds to DL/UL ratio in the subframe. The above exemplary embodiments enable an increased ACK/NAK payload when using PUCCH Format 1a/1b resources. More than four ACK/NAK bits can be supported by combining the Rel-8 TDD PUCCH channel selection with the exemplary embodiments set forth above.

The inventors have conducted link level simulations to evaluate performance under the assumptions of 4 bits/subframe being transmitted, the available PUCCH resources were two Format 1b channels (R1 and R2), and the ratio of transmit to receive antennas was ½.

Further assumptions for four different schemes of the simulation that are compared below were as follows:

Scheme 1: Slot-based ORT (single CC and multi-CC cases):Available resources:R1 and R2 located in the same PRB/CC in single-CC caseR1 and R2 located in different PRBs/CCs in multi-CC caseR1 and R2 are selected based on two out of four input bitsIf two bits are (0,0): R1 is for slot 1 and slot 2;If two bits are (0,1): R1 is for slot 1, and R2 is for slot 2;If two bits are (1,0): R2 is for slot 1, and R1 is for slot 2;If two bits are (1,1): R2 is for slot 1 and slot 2.Two remaining bits are transmitted by means of QPSK-modulated zero auto-correlation ZAC sequence via the selected resource paireNB performs blind detection to determine which channel pair is being usedNo power reduction at the transmitter side.

Scheme 2: Data/RS-based ORTAvailable resources:R1 and R2 locate in the same PRB/CCResource selection conveying two out of four input bits is made separately for data and RS parts (see Table atFIG. 4A). Resource selection is maintained during the frequency hop.Two remaining bits are transmitted by means of QPSK-modulated ZAC sequence via the selected data/RS resource pair.eNB performs blind detection to determine which resources are being used for RS and data parts.No power reduction at Tx.

Scheme 3: Concurrent PUCCH format 1b channels Tx:Available resources:R1 and R2 locate in the same PRB/CCNo resource selection, both resources convey two bits by means of QPSK-modulated ZAC sequenceNo blind channel detection at eNB sideIncreased cubic metric due to multi-sequence transmission. This coverage degradation has not been taken into account in the performance results.3-dB power reduction for each channel due to “power split” between two parallel channels

Scheme 4: One slot Tx (as set forth at document R1-081730 [3GPP TSG RAN WG1 #53, Kansas City, USA; May 5-9, 2008 by Samsung entitled “Increasing PUCCH Multiplexing Capacity”, attached to the priority document as Exhibit D):Available resources:Only one resource (R1) occupiedFirst two bits are transmitted during the first time slot (by means of QPSK-modulated ZAC sequence), another two bits are transmitted during the second time slotNo blind detection at eNB side.No power reduction at Tx.

Results are shown atFIG. 5A(bit error rate BER versus signal to noise ratio SNR) and atFIG. 5B(block error rate BLER versus SNR). The improvements of the exemplary embodiments of the invention plotted at scheme 2 over schemes 3 and 4 are obvious. Note also that schemes 1 and 2 can maintain the single-carrier property, which is not the case with scheme 3.

As noted above, implementations of the exemplary embodiments do not require multiple antennas at UE side, but when there is multiple antennas available, further gain can be achieved by combining the Data/RS-based ORT (intra-slot sub-channelization) or slot-based ORT (inter-slot sub-channelization) with transmit precoding/beamforming among the multiple transmission antennas.

As can be appreciated, the exemplary embodiments detailed above for multiple PUCCH transmission provide the following technical benefits:good performance with respect to existing schemes (e.g., scheme 1 above);single-carrier properties can be guaranteed with up-to four ACK/NAK bits via two concurrent PUCCH channels;CM increase due to concurrent PUCCH transmission is avoided;Coverage of PUCCH transmission is improved;It enables support for additional ACK/NAK/DTX states in LTE-Advanced via concurrent ACK/NAK channels: For FDD, nearly all ACK/NAK/DTX states could be supported. For TDD, more support for ACK/NAK/DTX feedback can be provided.It provides room for improving frequency diversity (in the case of multi-CC).No requirement on the number of transmission antennas at the UE side.

It must also be considered that certain embodiments require that two PUCCH format 1a/1b resources are reserved. The Data/RS-based ORT requires that two occupied PUCCH resources are located in the same PRB, and the slot-based ORT requires certain coordination between the occupied PUCCH resources (in the case of single-CC), in order to guarantee that frequency diversity provided by slot-based frequency hopping is maintained. One example of this coordination is that the occupied PUCCH resources are allocated in such manner that both locate in odd or even PRBs.

FIG. 6is a logic flow diagram that illustrates the operation of a method, an apparatus such as a UE, and a result of execution of computer program instructions stored on a computer readable memory, in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention. In accordance with these exemplary embodiments at block602it is determined that there are X uplink control channel resources available for uplink signaling. At block604each of the X uplink control channel resources is sub-channelized into a plurality of sub-channels that each defines a unique time instant or point in time. At block606there is selected for each of Y units of control information a unique combination of one of the sub-channels and a modulation, and at block608the Y units of control information are sent on the X uplink control channel resources according to the respectively selected combinations. In the above, X and Y are each integers greater than one.

(A) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method, apparatus and computer program detailed atFIG. 6is characterized in that the plurality of sub-channels comprise a data part and a reference signal part of an individual slot.

(B) In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the method, apparatus and computer program detailed atFIG. 6is characterized in that the plurality of sub-channels comprise different slots, and the slots are adjacent to one another.

(C) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method, apparatus and computer program detailed atFIG. 6, optionally combined with either paragraph (A) or (B) above, in which the uplink control channel resources are PUCCH format 1a or 1b resources, and further wherein the number of sub-channels is equal to twice the number X of the plurality of available PUCCH resources. In a most particular embodiment, Y=2X.

(D) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method, apparatus and computer program detailed atFIG. 6, optionally combined with either paragraph (A) or (B) above, in which the uplink signaling is ACK and/or NAK and/or DTX signaling, and each of the units of control information is one bit.

(E) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method, apparatus and computer program detailed atFIG. 6, optionally combined with either paragraph (A) or (B) above, in which the modulation is determined by accessing a local memory using the available uplink resources (each modulation is associated in the memory with pairs/groups of uplink resources, as shown in the tables atFIGS. 4A-4B).

(F) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method, apparatus and computer program detailed atFIG. 6, optionally combined with either paragraph (A) or (B) above, in which the method is executed by a UE, or the apparatus is the UE, or the computer program memory is stored within the UE. Specifically, such a UE in this embodiment is operating in a LTE-A system.

The various blocks shown inFIG. 6may be viewed as method steps, and/or as operations that result from operation of computer program code, and/or as a plurality of coupled logic circuit elements constructed to carry out the associated function(s).

It should thus be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the inventions may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit chips and modules, and that the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be realized in an apparatus that is embodied as an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit, or circuits, may comprise circuitry (as well as possibly firmware) for embodying at least one or more of a data processor or data processors, a digital signal processor or processors, baseband circuitry and radio frequency circuitry that are configurable so as to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention.

For example, while the exemplary embodiments have been described above in the context of the LTE-A system, it should be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of this invention are not limited for use with only this one particular type of wireless communication system, and that they may be used to advantage in other wireless communication systems.