Camera with learning function

A camera having a zoom lens. The camera includes a shutter, an aperture and program exposure mode control. The program exposure control includes one or more reference program characteristics representing combinations of shutter speed and aperture corresponding to one or more of a portrait mode, a landscape mode and a close up mode. Each reference program characteristics define a predetermined aperture in a first range from a low shutter speed to a hand-induced vibration limit and defines a different aperture in a second range beyond the hand-induced vibration limit. One of the reference program characteristics is selected, wherein the hand-induced vibration limit is defined in accordance with a focal length of said zoom lens.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a camera which has a program exposure mode 
with a program shifting function for shifting one or more reference 
program characteristics of exposure modes. 
The present invention also relates to such a camera having a display device 
for displaying information regarding the exposure modes. 
The present invention also relates to a camera having an exposure mode 
control, and more particularly to the reference program characteristics of 
exposure modes. 
The present invention also relates to a camera which is operable in a 
normal photographic mode and a function setting mode for setting data in 
each of a plurality of camera function setting items. 
The present invention also relates to a camera capable of switching between 
various exposure modes. 
Some known single lens reflex cameras have a program exposure mode with a 
program shifting function to enable a particular desired photographing 
condition to be achieved or to enable a particular combination of shutter 
speed and aperture to be achieved, depending on the preference of the 
camera user. When the program shifting function is put into effect, a 
reference program characteristic or so called program line is shifted 
along an exposure value EV line and the shutter speed and aperture are 
obtained on the basis of the shifted program line according to a subject 
brightness. 
With the known camera, the program line is temporarily shifted during the 
program shifting function and is cleared when a main switch of the camera 
is turned off, or upon elapse of a predetermined time after the main 
switch is turned off. Thus, each time the user uses the camera to take a 
picture or the main switch is turned on, the user must enable the program 
shifting function so that the program line can be shifted again. 
Therefore, known single lens reflex cameras having a program exposure mode 
with a program shifting function have been cumbersome. 
This problem is magnified where the camera has a plurality of selectable 
program exposure modes, and a user may shift a program line in one program 
exposure mode independent of shifting a program line in another program 
exposure mode. In addition, when a program shift has been made, it is 
necessary to turn the main switch off to clear the program shift. This is 
inconvenient. 
The altered shutter speed and aperture that arise when the program line is 
shifted are mostly displayed as numerals on a display section, such as an 
external display LCD panel. Thus, the camera user has to read the 
displayed numerals to recognize the program shift which makes it difficult 
for the user to discern that a different photographic effect will arise 
consequent to changes in the shutter speed or in aperture. It is also 
difficult for the user of the camera to visually and accurately discern 
that a shift program has taken place. 
Known cameras have a plurality of exposure modes which a user can choose 
from by operating a switch or the like. In the exposure modes that can be 
selected, an aperture and a shutter speed are varied in a certain 
relationship along a plurality of reference program characteristics to 
obtain a desired photographic effect. 
In a portrait mode for taking a portrait picture, the particular program 
characteristic sets the aperture to be fixed to adapt the camera only to 
portrait exposures. Therefore, the portrait mode may not be suitable for 
taking general pictures of people. 
In a close up mode for taking a close up picture, the particular program 
characteristic fixes the aperture at about F4 for control with a zoom lens 
in a macro range. However, it is difficult to apply the close up mode to a 
macro lens using such a setting. Therefore, there has been a demand for a 
camera with a close up mode that is adaptable not only to a zoom lens 
macro range but also to a macro lens used in the close up mode. 
In a landscape mode for taking a landscape picture, the particular program 
characteristic fixes the aperture at F5.6, thus ignoring precautions 
against hand induced vibration. 
Many known cameras are equipped with various special functions including, 
for example, a function for changing ISO sensitivity and a function for 
producing an electric buzzer sound when the camera is in focus. 
Heretofore, cameras have had dedicated operating buttons or the like which 
are operable as required to change and set the respective functions. With 
this arrangement of dedicated operating buttons, as the number of 
functions increases, the number of operating buttons also increases. The 
number of operating buttons should be limited because an increased number 
of buttons increases the cost of the camera and makes the camera less 
manageable, thus leading to errors in operation thereof. 
Some cameras have a mode switch for switching the operation mode of the 
camera from a normal photographic mode to a function setting mode. In the 
function setting mode, a plurality of functions can be set by choosing and 
setting items and data in each of the items. However, this arrangement is 
not desirable from the design viewpoint nor is it desirable from the 
viewpoint of the camera operator because independent operating members are 
provided for setting the functions. In addition, the system for changing 
data after switching between the modes makes the process of returning 
modified data to initial values very complex. 
Known cameras with a program shifting function have an exposure value which 
is changed or corrected by an up/down button while an exposure correcting 
button is pressed. However, to clear the exposure correction value, it has 
been necessary to operate the up/down button in reverse to return the 
exposure value to the value prior to exposure correction or to provide a 
dedicated button for clearing the exposure correction. 
Known cameras capable of switching between various exposure modes can set 
an exposure mode that matches photographing conditions in order to take 
pictures. For example, the user of the camera may want to take pictures in 
a manual exposure mode in which the user can set a shutter speed or an 
aperture freely, or in an automatic exposure mode in which the user can 
select a shutter speed preference condition or an aperture preference 
condition. The user may also want to take pictures in a program exposure 
mode in which a shutter speed and an aperture are set by the camera for 
optimum exposure. 
The amount and direction of a program shift in the program exposure mode 
are displayed by a dedicated display unit. The amount and direction of an 
exposure correction made in the automatic exposure mode are displayed by 
another dedicated display unit. 
The display panel of conventional automatic exposure control cameras 
displays a variety of information. However, if the program shift 
conditions such as the amount and direction thereof, and the exposure 
correction conditions such as the amount and direction thereof are 
separately displayed, then the display units are necessarily large in 
size, presenting an obstacle to efforts to reduce the camera size. There 
is, therefore, a demand to overcome these problems. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a camera which learns 
the tendency of a camera user to take a picture after changing a program 
characteristic. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera which 
independently changes a program characteristic in each of a number of 
program controlled exposure modes and which learns the tendency of the 
user to take a picture after changing a program characteristic in a 
program controlled exposure mode. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera which 
learns the tendency of the user to take a picture after changing a program 
characteristic and wherein the learned tendency can be simply cleared. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera which 
learns the tendency of the user to take a picture after changing a program 
characteristic on the condition that a film is loaded in the camera. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera having 
a program exposure mode control wherein the reference program 
characteristic is adapted according to the exposure mode. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera capable 
of setting and changing functions in a function setting mode and capable 
of returning all data to initial values through a simple operation. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide camera which can 
clear an exposure correction value through a simple operation. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera having 
an exposure mode display device which allows the user of the camera to 
easily discern a different photographic effect arising from a change in 
shutter speed or aperture. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera having 
display means which allow the user of the camera to easily discern the 
direction in and the amount by which a program has been shifted. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera capable 
of reliably displaying program shift conditions and exposure correction 
conditions without increasing the size of a display unit. 
According to one aspect of the present invention a camera is provided with 
a program controlled exposure mode in which exposure parameters are fixed 
for each exposure value according to a reference program characteristic. 
Setting means temporarily change the exposure parameters to a constant 
exposure value with respect to the values predetermined by the reference 
program characteristic, and control means modify the reference program 
characteristic based upon the temporary changing of exposure parameters 
and at least one exposure operation executed according to the changing. 
It will be apparent that the term "modify" is to be construed in a broad 
manner. Thus, it clearly encompasses embodiments wherein the reference 
program characteristic after modification results from the control means 
changing the actual values of the reference program characteristic, or 
applying change values to those values of the reference program 
characteristic, or substituting another reference program characteristic. 
Furthermore, the term "reference" encompasses a current reference program 
characteristic as well as a preset program characteristic. 
As is apparent from the above, when the user of the camera of the present 
invention releases the shutter a plurality of times while the exposure 
parameters fixed by a reference program characteristic are being 
temporarily changed in a selected program exposure mode, the camera 
modifies the reference program characteristic so that thereafter a shutter 
speed and an aperture are fixed based on the modified reference program 
characteristic. Therefore, simply by modifying the reference program 
characteristic according to the user's preference and repeating exposures 
in the selected program exposure mode, a combination of a shutter speed 
and an aperture which the user prefers, i.e., a learned program line, can 
be obtained in each program controlled exposure mode. 
In one preferred embodiment, the control means modifies the reference 
program characteristic based on a magnitude of the temporary change. 
In another preferred embodiment, the control means modifies the reference 
program characteristic based on a direction of the temporary change. 
Preferably, said control means modifies the reference program 
characteristic based on a predetermined number of exposure operations 
executed according to the changing. 
In a particular case, the predetermined number is variable according to a 
magnitude of the temporary change. 
Preferably, the predetermined number is different according to whether the 
magnitude of said temporary change is equal to or greater than a 
predetermined value or whether the magnitude of the temporary change is 
smaller than the predetermined value. 
Conveniently, the control means comprises counting means for counting 
exposure operations executed according to the changing. The counting means 
is reset for counting when a direction of the temporary change changes 
before the count is greater than or equal to the predetermined number. 
In one preferred embodiment, the control means modifies a the reference 
program characteristic based upon the temporary changing of exposure 
parameters and at least one exposure operation executed according to the 
changing by means of substituting another predetermined program 
characteristic. 
Conveniently, the control means comprise memory means for storing the 
modified reference program characteristic. 
In another preferred embodiment, the control means modifies a reference 
program characteristic based upon the temporary changing of exposure 
parameters and at least one exposure operation executed according to the 
changing by shifting that reference program characteristic by a 
predetermined amount. 
In this case, the camera may further comprise memory means for storing a 
direction and magnitude of the shifting. 
The camera preferably has two or more program controlled exposure modes, 
wherein each mode has a respective reference program characteristic and 
the control means modifies a respective reference program characteristic 
of a respective mode. 
Since the camera of the present invention allows independent modified 
reference program characteristics for each of the program controlled 
exposure modes, when switching between program controlled exposure modes 
is effected, the camera is not affected by a temporary change in exposure 
parameters prior to the switching. Therefore, such changes contrary to the 
intention of the user are eliminated. 
Conveniently, the temporary changing is evaluated on the basis of shutter 
speed. 
In another preferred embodiment, the camera further comprises means for 
reverting the modified reference program characteristic to a preset 
initial reference program characteristic. 
Thus, the modified reference program characteristic can be effectively 
erased in a simple manner by the reverting means so that a preset initial 
reference program characteristic is available for fixing the exposure 
parameters. 
Preferably, the camera further comprises count clearing means for clearing 
the count of the counting means. 
In one case, the count clearing means simultaneously clears the count of 
the counting means with the clearing of the stored transition. 
In another preferred embodiment, the camera further comprises film 
detecting means for detecting whether a film is loaded or not in the 
camera. The control means is operable on the condition that the film 
detecting means detects a film loaded in the camera. 
As no modification of a reference program characteristic takes place when a 
film is not loaded, any modification contrary to the intention of the user 
does not take place at the time the shutter is released with no film 
loaded. 
Conveniently, the film detecting means comprises DX code reading means for 
reading a DX code on a film cartridge, and detects whether a film is 
loaded or not in the camera based on a DX code read by the DX code reading 
means. 
In another preferred embodiment, the camera includes learning display means 
for displaying a status of operation of said control means. 
Since the direction in and the amount by which the reference program 
characteristic has been shifted are displayed by the learning display 
means, the camera can be handled with ease. 
Conveniently, the learning display means includes a display section for 
displaying a magnitude of the temporary change. 
The display section can display the modified reference program 
characteristic. 
In one case, the display section has graduations spaced at predetermined 
intervals with energizable display elements disposed in positions 
corresponding to the graduations. 
Preferably, the display elements are energizable in the direction of the 
temporary change and can alternately be turned on and off to indicate a 
magnitude of the change. 
The display section may also display a direction in and a magnitude by 
which the modified reference program characteristic has been modified by 
means of one energized display element. 
Conveniently, the display elements are energizable for displaying a 
magnitude of the modifying of said modified reference program 
characteristic relative to a preset program characteristic. 
In another preferred embodiment, the learning display means has a learning 
mark element for displaying the activation of the control means. 
The learning display means may alternately turn on and off the learning 
mark element for a predetermined period of time after the shutter is 
released when the control means is activated. 
Preferably, the camera further comprises mode switching means for switching 
between a learning mode in which the control means is activated and a 
normal mode in which the control means is inactivated. 
It is preferred that the camera further comprises dial means and wherein 
manual operation of the dial means in a program controlled exposure mode 
temporarily changes the exposure parameters. 
In a preferred embodiment, the camera comprises a switch for connecting the 
camera to a power supply and wherein the control means includes means for 
storing the modified reference program characteristic during disconnection 
of the camera from the power supply. 
According to another aspect of the present invention a camera is provided 
having a zoom lens and program exposure mode control means with one or 
more reference program characteristics representing preset combinations of 
shutter speed and aperture corresponding to one or more of a portrait 
mode, a landscape mode or a close up mode. Each program line has a 
predetermined aperture in a first range between a low shutter speed to a 
hand induced vibration limit and a different aperture configuration in a 
second range beyond the hand induced vibration limit. 
In one embodiment, the reference program characteristic with respect to the 
portrait mode is set to an open aperture for said first range in wide and 
tele settings of the zoom lens. For the second range the reference program 
characteristic is set to a fixed shutter speed and an aperture varied to a 
predetermined value at the hand induced vibration limit. 
Thus, the reference program characteristic with respect to the portrait 
mode is set to an open aperture from a low shutter speed range to a hand 
induced vibration limit in wide and tele settings of the zoom lens. The 
characteristic also set to a fixed shutter speed and an aperture varied to 
a predetermined value at the hand induced vibration limit. Therefore, the 
program exposure mode control means is adaptable not only to portrait 
pictures but also to general pictures of people, and has a program 
characteristic of a portrait mode taking into account the prevention of 
hand induced vibrations. 
In one embodiment, the aperture is varied at the hand induced vibration 
limit such that the aperture is reduced through three steps in the wide 
setting and through one step in the tele setting. 
Thus, the wide setting may be adapted to exposures of a group of people and 
a person in scenery such that the aperture is reduced to place both the 
person and the background in focus. The tele setting may be adapted to 
portrait and bust exposures such that the aperture is increased to focus 
on the person. 
In another embodiment, for the first range the reference program 
characteristic with respect to the close up mode is set to an aperture 
that is fixed to a first value. For the second range the characteristic is 
set to a second value that is fixed, reduced substantially one step from 
the first value. 
Thus, the camera is adaptable not only to a zoom lens macro range but also 
to a macro lens used in a close up mode. In close up photography, the 
depth of field is reduced and the aperture becomes too small, lowering the 
shutter speed, with the result that the camera tends to vibrate because of 
hand or subject movement. However, the shutter speed is fixed and the 
aperture is reduced substantially one step at the hand induced vibration 
limit (where the camera is most likely to be vibrated by hand or subject 
movement). In addition the camera is controlled with the reduced aperture 
beyond the hand induced vibration limit. Accordingly, it is possible for 
the camera to avoid hand or subject induced vibration. 
Preferably, the aperture of the second value is F8. 
In another embodiment, for the first range the reference program 
characteristic with respect to the landscape mode is set to an aperture 
that is reduced one step from an open aperture at a certain focal length. 
For the second range the characteristic is set to a shutter speed and 
aperture such that they vary at a predetermined gradient beyond 
substantially the hand induced vibration limit. 
Thus, the reference program characteristic for a landscape mode reduces the 
aperture as much as possible while preventing the effects of hand induced 
vibration so that in focus pictures may be taken of landscapes ranging 
from close to distant landscapes irrespective of the focal length. 
Conveniently, the hand induced vibration limit different for wide setting 
and a tele setting. 
The hand induced vibration limit may vary according to the mode. 
According to another aspect of the present invention a camera is provided, 
with first operating means, second operating means, control means, and 
initialization means. 
The control means are provided for switching the camera from a normal 
photographic mode to a setting mode for setting data in each of a 
plurality of operating modes. 
The initializing means are actuable to initialize all data in each of the 
operating modes when the first and second operating means are 
simultaneously operated for a continuous predetermined period of time 
after the camera has been switched to the setting mode. 
Preferably, the first and second operating means are simultaneously 
operated for a continuous predetermined period of time for switching the 
camera from the normal photographic mode to the setting mode. 
In one case, the initializing means is actuable to initialize all data, 
provided the first and second operating means remain simultaneously 
operated immediately after the camera has been switched to the setting 
mode. 
Conveniently, the first and second operating means are simultaneously 
operated for a continuous predetermined period of time for switching the 
camera from the setting mode to the normal photographic mode. 
It is preferred that the initializing means, the first operating means and 
said second operating means all be actuated simultaneously for the first 
mentioned predetermined period of time to initialize the data. 
The initializing means may comprise a button for selecting a shutter or 
aperture preference mode in a normal photographing mode. 
In another embodiment, the first operating means comprises a drive mode 
button and the second operating means comprises a mode button for 
selecting the operating modes. 
The camera may further comprise display means for displaying the passage of 
the predetermined time. 
According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided 
a camera having one or more program exposure modes. The camera comprises 
means for allocating, for an exposure in a program exposure mode, data 
values which are displaced from a reference program characteristic. 
Display means are provided for displaying the displacement by means of a 
visually observable display element, and push button means are provided 
which are actuable to clear the data values, which are displaced from the 
reference program characteristic, and the display thereof on the display 
means. 
The camera's pushbutton means clear the data values which are displayed by 
the display graph when the pushbutton means are turned on. Thus, the 
exposure corrective value can be cleared through a highly simple 
operation. 
Preferably, the camera further comprises an exposure correcting button 
actuable to display an exposure correcting value on the display means. An 
exposure correcting value and the display thereof on the display means are 
each cleared when the push button means is actuated while the exposure 
correcting button is actuated. 
The pushbutton means may double as the exposure correcting button. Thus it 
is not necessary to provide a separate button dedicated for clearing the 
exposure correction. Consequently, the number of parts used is not 
increased, and the camera may be simplified in structure. 
Conveniently, the push button means comprises a button for selecting a 
shutter or aperture preference mode. 
It is preferred that the display means comprises a display graph having 
graduations spaced at predetermined intervals. Energizably visually 
observable display elements are disposed in positions corresponding to the 
graduations. The number and direction of energized display elements 
respectively indicate the amount and direction of the displacement. 
According to yet another aspect of the present invention a camera is 
provided which has one or more program exposure modes. Means are provided 
for allocating, for an exposure in a program exposure mode, data values 
which are displaced from a reference program characteristic for an 
exposure. Display means are provided to display the displacement by means 
of a visually observable display element, and pictures are provided at 
opposite ends of the display means to serve as visual representations of 
the displacement. Display control means are provided to switch between 
types of pictures at the opposite ends of the display graph according to 
the current mode. 
As described above, the camera of the present invention has a display 
section having a display graph for displaying the amount and direction of 
a program shift through movement of a visual display unit. Pictures, 
displayable at opposite ends of the display graph, serve as indications of 
the direction of the program shift. Picture switching are provided for 
switching between the types of the pictures at the opposite ends of the 
display graph depending on the exposure modes. Therefore, the exposure 
mode display device allows the user of the camera to easily recognize a 
photographic effect difference caused by a change in the shutter speed or 
the aperture upon a program shift. 
Preferably, the display means comprises a display graph having graduations 
spaced at predetermined intervals with energizable and visually observable 
display elements disposed in positions corresponding to the graduations. 
The number and direction of energized display elements respectively 
indicate the amount and direction of the displacement. 
In one case, the program exposure modes include a landscape mode in which 
the display pictures for indicate a photographic effect relating to 
aperture to convey whether a distant object is to be focused or defocused. 
In another case, the program exposure modes include a moving object mode in 
which the display pictures indicate a photographic effect relating to 
shutter speed to convey whether a moving object is to be photographed as 
fuzzy or still. 
It is preferred that the display section displays a mark "Tv" to indicate a 
shutter speed and/or a mark "Av" to indicate an aperture. 
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a camera is 
provided having one or more program exposure modes. Each program exposure 
mode may have allocated data values which are displaced from a reference 
program characteristic. Display means are provided with a display graph 
for displaying the change in shutter speed or an aperture by means of a 
visually observable display element. Marks "+" and "-" are positioned at 
opposite ends of the display graph for indicating a magnitude and 
direction of the shutter speed or the aperture. 
Preferably, the display section displays a mark "Tv" indicative of a 
shutter speed and/or a mark "Av" indicative of an aperture. 
Conveniently, the display graph has graduations spaced at predetermined 
intervals with energizable display elements disposed in positions 
corresponding to the graduations, wherein an energized display element 
indicates the amount and direction by which the shutter speed or aperture 
is changed. 
According to yet another aspect of the present invention a camera is 
provided having one or more program exposure modes, the camera comprises 
means for allocating, for an exposure in a program exposure mode, data 
values which are displaced from a reference program characteristic. 
Exposure correction mode setting means are provided for setting an 
exposure correction. Display means are provided and include a display 
graph with graduations spaced at predetermined intervals, energizable 
display elements disposed in positions corresponding to the graduations, 
and a minus mark, and a plus mark. Display control means are provided to 
control energizing of the graduations and a number of the display elements 
to indicate said displacement. In addition, when the program exposure mode 
is set an element at the end of the number is controlled to be alternately 
energized and de-energized and when the exposure correction mode is set, 
the graduations and one of the display elements can be energized in 
combination with energization of a minus or plus mark to indicate an 
exposure correction. The minus or plus mark from the exposure correction 
mode remains energized on returning to the program exposure mode for 
indicating an exposure correction when the exposure correction mode is 
inactivated. 
Preferably, the exposure correction mode setting means comprises a 
pressable exposure correction button, wherein the exposure correction mode 
is activated from the program exposure mode as long as the exposure 
correction button is pressed and is inactivated when the exposure 
correction button is released. 
Conveniently, when the exposure correction mode is set, the graduations and 
one of the display elements are energized in combination with energization 
of a minus or plus mark to indicate an exposure correction. The display 
graph is not displayed when a shutter speed preference mode or an aperture 
preference mode of an automatic exposure mode is selected and set except 
when an exposure correction is to be indicated. 
In another embodiment, when a manual exposure mode is set, the graduations 
and a number of the display elements can be energized in combination with 
energization of a minus or plus mark to indicate an amount and direction 
of an exposure change.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
FIGS. 1 through 3 are front elevational, plan, and rear elevational views, 
respectively, of a camera body 10 of an automatic-focusing (AF) 
single-lens reflex camera which embodies the present invention. The camera 
has a lens mount 14 on a front panel of the camera body 10. The camera 
also includes a lens system 12 (schematically shown in FIG. 11) that can 
be detachably mounted on the lens mount 14 and can of course be 
exchangeable. In this embodiment, the lens system 12 comprises a power 
zoom lens system having a focal length which is variable between 28 mm and 
80 mm by means of a built-in zoom motor (not shown). 
LENS SYSTEM 
The lens system 12 is locked to the lens mount 14 as it is mounted to the 
camera body 10. When a lens lock button 18 that is positioned on the left 
hand side of the lens mount 14, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is pressed, the 
lens system 12 is unlocked and it can be detached from the lens mount 14. 
With the lens system 12 mounted on the camera body 10, a group of 
connection terminals 18 on the surface (front surface) of the lens mount 
14 are held in contact with a group of connection terminals (not shown) on 
the rear surface of the lens system 12 allowing a body-side CPU 20 in the 
camera body 10 and a lens-side CPU 22 in the lens system 12 to communicate 
with each other, as shown in FIG. 11. 
FOCUSING MODE SELECTOR BUTTON 
A focusing mode selector button 24 is positioned on the right hand side of 
the lens mount 14, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and is substantially 
vertically slidable to select a manual focusing (MF) mode for manually 
focusing the lens system 12 or an automatic focusing (AF) mode for 
automatically focusing the lens system 12. The AF mode is selected when a 
mark "-" impressed on the focusing mode selector button 24 is aligned with 
a mark "AF" impressed on the camera body 10, and the MF mode is selected 
when the mark "-" is aligned with a mark "MF" impressed on the camera body 
10. 
SHUTTER BUTTON, UP/DOWN LEVER, Tv/Av BUTTON 
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pressable shutter release button 26 is 
disposed on an upper left hand portion of the camera body 10 at a most 
forward position. An UP/DOWN lever or dial 28 is provided to increase or 
reduce designated variable data, and is positioned immediately to the rear 
of the shutter release button 26. The UP/DOWN lever 28 is angularly 
movable about an axis substantially parallel to the optical axis of the 
lens system 12, i.e., about an axis extending substantially in a forward 
to rearward direction of the camera body 10. Immediately behind the 
UP/DOWN lever 28, a pressable Tv/Av button 30 is disposed that 
additionally functions as a clear button. Each time the Tv/Av button 30 is 
pressed in an automatic exposure mode (A) or a manual exposure mode (M) in 
a full-spec mode that is installed when a main button 38 (described below) 
is shifted to an ON position, the Tv/Av button 30 selects a shutter speed 
preference mode or an aperture preference mode. 
In this embodiment, the UP/DOWN lever 28, which is movable laterally whilst 
the camera body 10 is held in a photographing posture, is interposed 
between the shutter release button 26 and the Tv/Av button 30. The shutter 
release button 26, the UP/DOWN lever 28, and the Tv/Av button 30 are 
positioned such that they can be operated by the index finger of the right 
hand of a user when they grip a right hand portion (left hand portion in 
FIGS. 1 and 2) of the camera body 10. Since both the shutter release 
button 26 and the Tv/Av button 30 can be pressed by the index finger of 
the right hand of the user, they may be operated by mistake. However, 
because the UP/DOWN lever 28 that is movable laterally, i.e., is not 
pressable, is located between the shutter release button 26 and the Tv/Av 
button 30, the user can 20 reliably recognize the shutter release button 
26 in front of the UP/DOWN lever 28 and the Tv/Av button 30 behind the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 while touching the UP/DOWN lever 28 in a pressing manner 
with the index finger. Consequently, unintended pressed operation of the 
shutter release button 26 and the Tv/Av button 30 can be prevented. 
MAIN BUTTON 
A built-in flash bulb (not shown) is housed in a front portion of the 
camera body 10 near an upper central surface thereof. The flash bulb pops 
up when a pop-up button 32 is pressed. As shown in FIG. 2, an external 
display LCD panel 34, for displaying various items of information which 
will be necessary when taking pictures, is mounted for visual observation 
at the rear, upper central surface of the camera body 10. The main button 
36 is disposed on the left hand side (as viewed in FIG. 2) of the external 
display LCD panel 34. The main button 36 is slidable in a forward or 
rearward direction between an OFF position, an ON position, and a PICT 
position. When the main button 36 is in the OFF position, a main switch 
110 (described later on) is turned off, and when the main switch 36 is in 
the ON or PICT position, the main switch 110 is turned on. 
When the main button 36 is in the ON position, it sets a normal exposure 
mode (full-spec mode: FULL) in which a normal program mode (P), an 
automatic exposure mode (A), or a manual exposure mode (M) can be selected 
as desired. When the main button 36 is in the PICT position, it sets 
exposure mode (picture mode) which can be selected as desired. These modes 
comprise a green mode suitable for a novice to take pictures, a portrait 
mode suitable for photographing human beings, a landscape mode suitable 
for photographing natural scenery, a moving subject mode suitable for 
photographing moving subjects, and a close up mode suitable for taking 
close ups. These exposure modes will be described later on. In this 
embodiment, the modes that can be selected in the picture mode may be 
installed when the user selects symbols represented by pictures. 
When the manual exposure mode (M) is set, as the values of shutter speed 
and aperture have been set by the Tv/Av button 30, they can be varied by 
turning the UP/DOWN lever 28. 
DRIVE BUTTON, MODE BUTTON 
A pressable drive button 38 and a pressable mode button 40, which is 
positioned on the left hand side of the drive button 38, are disposed in 
Juxtaposed relationship on an upper right hand surface (as viewed in FIG. 
2) of the camera body 10. The drive button 38 and the mode button 40 can 
be pressed independently or simultaneously by the index finger of the left 
hand of a user gripping a left hand side (shown as a right hand side in 
FIGS. 1 and 2) of the camera body 10. 
When the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned with the drive button 38 pressed by the 
user, a drive setting mode switches between a single-frame photographing 
mode, a multi-frame photographing mode, and a self-timer photographing 
mode irrespective of whether the main button 36 is in the ON or PICT 
position. When the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned with the mode button 40 
pressed by the user, the exposure mode switches successively between the 
normal program mode (P), the automatic exposure mode (A), and the manual 
exposure mode (M) in the full-spec mode when the main button 36 is in the 
ON position, or the exposure mode switches successively between the green 
mode, the portrait mode, the landscape mode, the moving subject mode, and 
the close up mode in the picture mode when as the main button 36 is in the 
PICT position. 
When the user simultaneously presses the drive button 38 and the mode 
button 40 for a predetermined period of time, the camera enters a special 
function (PF) setting mode. While the PF setting mode has been selected, 
each time the mode button 40 is pressed, the contents of a set special 
function are successively changed. While the PF setting mode has been 
selected and letters "PF" are being displayed, and when the Tv/Av button 
30 is continuously pressed for a predetermined period of time, the Tv/Av 
button 30 functions as a clear button for clearing all various data that 
have been set in the special function setting mode, as described later in 
detail. In such a clearing process, if a film is loaded in the camera body 
10, then the ISO film sensitivity is set to an ISO exposure index 
indicated by a DX code on the loaded film. If no film is loaded in the 
camera body 10, then the ISO film sensitivity is set to a default ISO 
exposure index, e.g., 100. 
When the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed while program shifting (described later 
on) is being executed, the Tv/Av button 30 functions as a program shifting 
clear button for clearing the amount of program shifting. When the Tv/Av 
button 30 is pressed while exposure correction is being executed, the 
Tv/Av button 30 functions as an exposure correction clear button for 
clearing the amount of exposure correction. 
An accessory shoe 42 for mounting an external flash bulb (not shown) to the 
camera body is disposed on the upper surface of the camera body 10 on its 
left hand side as shown in FIG. 2. The accessory shoe 42 is normally 
covered with a cover 44. 
As shown in FIG. 3, a viewfinder eyepiece 46 is positioned on an upper 
portion of a rear panel of the camera body 10. The rear panel has a lower 
portion that is covered substantially entirely with an openable rear lid 
48, which when opened, allows a film to be loaded into and unloaded from 
the camera body 10. The rear lid 48 is equipped with a date data recording 
mechanism 50 for recording on a loaded film, data of including the year, 
month, and data on which the film is exposed. 
HYPER BUTTON 
As shown in FIG. 3, a pressable hyper button 52 is disposed on the rear 
panel of the camera body 10 on its right hand shoulder. The hyper button 
52 basically functions as an exposure correcting button. Whilst in the 
normal program mode (P) or the automatic exposure mode (A) when in the 
normal exposure mode, if the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned with the hyper 
button 52 pressed, optimum exposure conditions calculated by the camera 
can be adjusted in a positive or negative direction, i.e., can be 
increased or reduced, as desired by the user. The user can also adjust the 
exposure conditions by turning the UP/DOWN lever 28 while pressing the 
hyper button 52 pressed any of the modes other than the green mode are 
installed in the picture mode. 
While the manual exposure mode (M) has been set in the normal exposure 
mode, when the hyper button 52, a photometric process for exposure is 
carried out, and an optimum combination of shutter speed and aperture are 
determined based on the results of the photometric process. That is, when 
the hyper button 52 is pressed in the manual exposure mode (M), the 
function of the automatic exposure mode (A) can effectively be obtained. 
The exposure conditions that have been adjusted by turning the UP/DOWN 
lever 28 with the hyper button 52 pressed can be cleared when the Tv/Av 
button 30 serves as a clear button. 
DISPLAYED CONTENTS OF EXTERNAL DISPLAY LCD PANEL 
The arrangement of the external display LCD panel 34 now be described with 
reference to FIGS. 4 through 6. 
The display patterns or elements of the external display LCD panel 34 are 
shown in FIG. 4 as if they were all fully turned on. As shown in FIG. 5, 
the external display LCD panel 84 has four fixed display elements 54a-54d 
that are displayed or turned on at all times irrespective of which 
position the main button 36 is shifted to. The display element 54a 
comprises a halftone display element for displaying a picture indicating 
the green mode in an actual hue of green. The display element 54b 
comprises a division line for dividing the display area of the external 
display LCD panel 34 into left and right areas on the left hand and right 
hand sides, respectively, thereof. The left area includes pictures 
indicating five exposure modes, that can be selected in the picture mode, 
and alphabetic letters indicating the three exposure modes in the normal 
exposure mode. The right area includes various items of information that 
are required for taking pictures, for example exposure conditions, shutter 
speed, aperture, the number of frames exposed, etc. The display elements 
54c, 54d represent parentheses for displaying in an area therebetween a 
battery condition, film information, and special function setting 
information, etc. The display elements which are shown as being fully 
turned on in FIG. 4, except the fixed display elements 54a-54d shown in 
FIG. 5, are energizable liquid crystal elements. These liquid crystal 
elements can be energised when the main button 36 is shifted to a position 
other than the OFF position. 
In the area on the left hand side of the division line 54b, there are 
arranged a picture (graphically representing a smiling face) 56a 
indicating the green mode, a picture (graphically representing a person) 
56b indicating the portrait mode, a picture (graphically representing a 
mountain) 56c indicating the landscape mode, a picture (graphically 
representing a runner) 56d indicating the moving subject mode, and a 
picture (graphically representing a flower) 56e indicating the close up 
mode. The pictures 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d, 56e are positioned successively 
downwardly from the uppermost position. In the lowermost position of the 
left area, the display includes a letter P indicating the normal program 
mode selectable in the normal exposure mode, a letter A indicating the 
automatic exposure mode selectable in the normal exposure mode, and a 
letter M indicating the manual exposure mode selectable in the normal 
exposure mode. The letters A, P, M are positioned horizontally and 
side-by-side. The pictures 56a-56e are surrounded by respective liquid 
crystal element frames 58a-58e that are energizable to indicate that the 
corresponding pictures 56a-56e are selected. 
More specifically, when the normal exposure mode is set by the main button 
36 having been shifted to the ON position, only the selected one of the 
letters P, A, or M which indicate the normal program mode, the automatic 
exposure mode, or the manual exposure mode, respectively, is energized on 
the left hand side of the division line 54b. When the picture mode is set 
by the main button 36 having been shifted to the PICT position, all the 
pictures 56a-56e are energized, but only one of the frames 58a-58e which 
corresponds to the selected mode in the picture mode is energized. 
In the area on the right hand side of the division line 54b, there is 
arranged an energizable graph 58f which is composed of nine black dots 
positioned at equal intervals along an upper central edge of the external 
display LCD panel 34 in horizontal side-by-side relationship, and an array 
of nine graduations 58g positioned directly underneath the black dots in 
vertical alignment therewith. A centrally located graduation 58g is 
located above a triangular mark 58h that is energizable to indicate the 
central graduation 58g. A left end graduation 58g is located above an 
energizable minus mark 58i, and a right end graduation 58g is located 
above an energizable plus mark 58j. The minus mark 58i indicates a 
negative direction for reducing the aperture or lowering the shutter 
speed, and the plus mark 58j indicates a positive direction for widening 
the aperture or increasing the shutter speed. 
When one of the four exposure modes other than the green mode is selected 
in the picture mode, the black dots of the graph 58f are alternately 
turned on and off or continuously turned on is varied by turning the 
UP/DOWN lever 28, thereby indicating a direction in which, and an amount 
by which, a program shift is effected. However, the "+" (plus) mark and 
the "-" (minus) mark can be alternately turned on and off or continuously 
turned on at the opposite ends of the graph 58f to enable the graph 58f to 
directly display a change in the shutter speed or a change in the 
aperture. Pictures 56f, 56g (described below) at the opposite ends of the 
graph 58f may be dispensed with, and only the "+" and "-" marks may be 
displayed. 
Pictures 56f, 56g are energized when one of the portrait mode, the 
landscape mode, or the close up mode are selected in the picture mode, and 
are positioned respectively at the left and right ends of the graph 58f. 
The left picture 56f, which is a graphic representation of a person and a 
mountain both in focus, indicates a reduced aperture with an increased 
depth of field thereby widening a range that can be in focus. The right 
picture 56g, which is a graphic representation of a person in focus and a 
mountain out of focus, indicates an increased aperture with a reduced 
depth of field thereby reducing a range that can be in focus. 
Pictures 56h, 56i are energized when the moving subject mode is selected in 
the picture mode and are positioned respectively to the left of the minus 
mark 58i underneath the picture 56f, and to the right of the plus mark 58j 
underneath the picture 56g. The left picture 58h, which is a graphic 
representation of a blurred runner, indicates a slower shutter speed 
tending to photograph the subject as a blurred image. The right picture 
56i, which is a graphic representation of an unblurred runner, indicates a 
faster shutter speed tending to photograph the subject as a stationary 
image. 
Three pictures 56j, 56k, 56m, are arranged in a vertical array selectively 
energizable and are disposed below the picture 56h. These pictures 56j, 
56k, 56m indicate different automatic power zoom control modes to be set 
when the lens system 12 mounted on the camera body 10 is a power zoom 
lens. The uppermost picture 56j is energized when a constant image 
magnification photographing mode is selected, the lowermost picture 56m is 
energized when an in-exposure zoom photographing mode is selected, and the 
picture 56k therebetween is energized when a clip photographing mode is 
selected. These automatic power zoom control modes will not be described 
in detail as they have no bearing on the present invention. 
A vertical array of five pictures 56n, 56o, 56p, 56q, 56r, located to the 
right of the array of pictures 56j, 56k, 56m, are selectively energizable 
and are below the minus mark 58i. The uppermost picture 56n, graphically 
representing lightening, is alternately turned on and off when flash 
photography is needed. At this time, when the pop-up button 32 is pressed, 
the built-in flash bulb is popped up, and will be turned on when 
conditions are ready for flash photography. 
The second picture 56o, graphically representing an eye, is turned on when 
a red-eye prevention mode is set for flash photography. When the red-eye 
prevention mode is set, the built-in flash bulb is pre-energized prior to 
taking a picture in flash photography, making the iris of the subject 
person close. 
The third picture 56p, graphically representing a clock, is energized when 
a self-timer photographing mode is selected by turning the UP/DOWN lever 
28 with the drive button 38 pressed to set the drive setting mode. 
The fourth picture 56q, graphically representing a rectangle, is energized 
when a single-frame photographing mode or the multi-frame photographing 
mode is selected by turning the UP/DOWN lever 28 with the drive button 38 
pressed to set the drive setting mode. 
The fifth and lowermost picture 56r, graphically representing overlapping 
squares in connection with picture 56q, is energized when the multi-frame 
photographing mode is selected by turning the UP/DOWN lever 28 with the 
drive button 38 pressed to set the drive setting mode. 
More specifically, when the single-frame photographing mode is set, only 
the rectangular picture 56q is energized, and when the multi-frame 
photographing mode is set, the picture 56r is energized in addition to the 
rectangular picture 56q. 
An energizable picture 56s, graphically representing a learning mode, is 
disposed between the triangular mark 58h and the minus mark 58i. The 
picture 56s, composed of a notebook and a pencil, is energized when a 
learning mode is set in the special function (PF) setting mode. The 
learning mode will be described in detail later on. 
Energizable letters "Tv" for displaying a shutter speed are disposed to the 
right of the lightning picture 56n and below the triangular mark 58h. An 
energizable arcuate bar mark 58k is disposed directly above the letters 
"Tv". The bar mark 58k is energized when the shutter speed preference mode 
is selected by pressing the Tv/Av button 30. 
Energizable letters "Av" for displaying an aperture are disposed below the 
letters "Tv". An energizable arcuate bar mark 58m is disposed directly 
above the letters "Av". The bar mark 58m is energized when the aperture 
preference mode is selected by pressing the Tv/Av button 30. 
The external display LCD panel 34 may be arranged to energize the "Tv" and 
"Av" marks simultaneously, or to energize the "Tv" and "Av" marks one at a 
time in response to a switch action. 
Four-digit energizable display elements 60a-60d for displaying a shutter 
speed or an ISO film sensitivity are disposed to the right of the letters 
"Tv". Each of the two-digit display elements 60a, 60b on the left is 
composed of seven segments capable of selectively displaying numerals 
ranging from "0" to "9" and letters. The display element 60c, which is the 
second element from the right, is composed of six segments capable of 
selectively displaying the numerals "5" and "0". The display element 60d 
on the right end is capable of selectively displaying a numeral "0" and a 
symbol """. The symbol """ is energized if the shutter speed displayed by 
the left two-digit display elements 60a, 60b is in seconds, and is 
de-energized if the shutter speed displayed in the maximum number of three 
digits (60a, 60b, 60c) is in the reciprocal of seconds. 
Two-digit energizable display elements 60e, 60f for displaying an aperture 
or the like are disposed to the right of the letters "Av" described above. 
Each of these two-digit display elements 60e, 60f comprises seven segments 
for displaying numerals ranging from "0" to "9" and letters. A dot display 
element 60g for displaying a decimal point is interposed between the 
display elements 60e, 60f. 
An energizable picture 56u, graphically representing a dry cell, is for 
displaying the electric power condition of a power supply (battery) and is 
disposed in an upper left portion of the area between the parentheses 
represented by the display elements 54c, 54d. The picture 56u is fully 
energized in its inside area when the battery stores sufficient electric 
power, half energized when the remaining electric power stored in the 
battery is small, and de-energized when the remaining electric power 
stored in the battery is substantially eliminated. 
An energizable picture 56t, graphically representing a film cartridge, for 
displaying the loaded condition of a film is disposed below the dry cell 
picture 56u. The film cartridge picture 56t is de-energized when no film 
is loaded, and energized when a film is loaded. 
Two-digit energizable display elements 60h, 60i for displaying an exposure 
correction letters "PF" or the like are disposed in a right portion of the 
area between the parentheses represented by the display elements 54c, 54d. 
Each of these two-digit display elements 60h, 60i comprises seven segments 
for displaying numerals ranging from "0" to "9" and letters. A dot display 
element 60j for displaying a decimal point is interposed between the 
display elements 60h, 60i. An energizable display element 60k, graphically 
representing a negative sign, for displaying that the exposure correction 
value is negative is disposed to the left of the left display element 60h. 
STRUCTURE OF EXTERNAL DISPLAY LCD PANEL 
The structure of the external display LCD panel 34 will be described below 
with reference to FIG. 6. 
The external display LCD panel 34 has a pair of upper and lower transparent 
glass plates 34a, 34b that are spaced a predetermined gap from each other 
by a spacer 34c. A liquid crystal 34d is located in the gap that is 
determined by the spacer 34c. A pair of upper and lower transparent 
electrodes 34e, 34f are disposed respectively on lower and upper surfaces 
of the upper and lower transparent glass plates 34a, 34b as independent 
electrodes corresponding to the pictures 56a-56u, the display elements 
58a-58m representing the frames, the marks, etc., and the display elements 
60a-60k including the seven-segment elements, etc. When the smiling-face 
picture 56a is to be energized, for example, the upper and lower 
transparent electrodes 34e, 34f corresponding to the picture 56a are 
energized to turn on the smiling-face picture 56a independently of the 
other pictures. 
A first polarizer is mounted on the upper surface of the upper transparent 
glass plate 34a, and a second polarizer 34h is mounted on the lower 
surface of the lower transparent glass plate 34b. The upper surface of the 
second polarizer 34h is printed with the green halftone display element 
54a according to pad printing. The division line 54b and the display 
elements 54c, 54d are also printed on the upper surface of the second 
polarizer 34h. A reflector 34i is attached to the lower surface of the 
second polarizer 34h. 
The external display LCD panel 34 of the above structure is capable of 
reliably displaying the various items of information, described above, 
when required. 
VIEWFINDER DISPLAY LCD PANEL 
A viewfinder display LCD panel 62 as shown in FIG. 7 is disposed along a 
right edge of an outer frame which defines a viewfinder as viewed through 
the viewfinder eyepiece 46. The viewfinder display LCD panel 62 displays 
various items of information that are simplified versions of the items of 
information that are displayed by the external display LCD panel 34. 
Therefore, the items of information that are displayed by the viewfinder 
display LCD panel 62 are denoted by similar reference characters, and will 
not be described in detail. The viewfinder display LCD panel 62 includes a 
display element 58n, graphically representing a focused mark, which is 
energized when the lens system is focused to inform the user that the lens 
system is focused. The same display element is not included in the 
external display LCD panel 34. The focusing mark 58n is energizable when 
the manual focusing (MF) mode or the automatic focusing (AF) mode is 
selected with the focusing mode selector button 24. 
ATTACHMENT STRUCTURES FOR SHUTTER RELEASE BUTTON, UP/DOWN LEVER, Tv/Av 
BUTTON, DRIVE BUTTON, AND MODE BUTTON 
Attachment structures for the five manual control members, i.e., the 
shutter release button 26, the UP/DOWN lever 28, the Tv/Av button 30, the 
drive button 38, and the mode button 40, that are disposed on the upper 
surface of the camera body 10, will be described below with reference to 
FIGS. 8 through 10. 
First, attachment structures for the shutter release button 26, the UP/DOWN 
lever 28, and the Tv/Av button 30, that are disposed on the upper surface 
of the camera body 10 on the left hand side (i.e., on the right hand side 
as viewed from the user) of the external display LCD panel 34, will be 
described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. As shown in FIG. 8, the shutter 
release button 26 is inwardly and pressably disposed in a first opening 
64a, defined in an upper ornamental plate 64 which defines the upper 
surface of the camera body 10. The shutter release button 26 is normally 
urged upwardly by a coil spring 66. A switch assembly 88 is disposed below 
the shutter release button 26. The switch assembly 68 houses a photometric 
switch 70 (see FIG. 11) that is turned on when the shutter release button 
26 is pressed halfway and a release switch 72 (see FIG. 11) that is turned 
on when the shutter release button 26 is fully pressed. The Tv/Av button 
30 is inwardly and pressably disposed in a second opening 64b defined in 
the upper ornamental plate 64. The Tv/Av button 30 is normally urged 
upwardly by a leaf spring 74 that is positioned above a clear switch 78. 
The clear switch 76 is turned on when the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed. 
The UP/DOWN lever 28 is angularly movable rather than pressable. More 
specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, the UP/DOWN lever 28 comprises a lever 
body 28a, and a support shaft 28b integrally Joined to the lever body 28a, 
and extends substantially parallel to the optical axis of the lens system 
12. Therefore, the UP/DOWN lever 28 is rotatably movable about the central 
axis of the support shaft 28b. The lever body 28a is of a substantially 
semicircular shape and has an upper edge projecting upwardly through a 
third opening (slit) 64c defined in the upper ornamental plate 64. The 
lever body 28a is associated with an UP switch 78 that is turned on when 
the lever body 28a is turned counterclockwise in FIG. 9 (i.e., clockwise 
as viewed from the user), and a DOWN switch 80 that is turned on when the 
lever body 28a is turned clockwise in FIG. 9 (i.e., counterclockwise as 
viewed from the user). The lever body 28a is normally urged by a return 
spring (not shown) toward its neutral position in which it does not turn 
on the UP and DOWN switches 78, 80. 
As shown in FIG. 10, the drive button 38 and the mode button 40 are 
inwardly pressably disposed in respective fourth and fifth openings 64d, 
64e defined in the upper ornamental plate 64. The drive button 38 and the 
mode button 40 are normally urged upwardly by a spring (not shown). A 
drive switch 82 and a mode switch 84 are disposed on a switch support 
plate 88 respectively underneath the drive button 38 and the mode button 
40. The drive switch 82 is turned on when the drive button 38 is pressed, 
and the mode switch 84 is turned on when the mode button 40 is pressed. 
A hyper switch 88 (FIGS. 8 and 11), which can be turned on when the hyper 
button 52 is pressed, is disposed in the camera body 10. The camera body 
10 also accommodates therein a film cartridge detecting switch 90 (turned 
on by a film cartridge that can be loaded when the rear lid 48 is opened) 
for detecting the loaded condition of the film cartridge. The hyper switch 
88 and the film cartridge detecting switch 90 are shown in FIG. 11. 
CONTROL SYSTEM OF AF SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA 
An AF single lens reflex camera for taking pictures is produced when the 
lens system 12 is mounted on the camera body 10. A control system of such 
an AF single lens reflex camera will be described below with reference to 
FIG. 11. 
Light from a subject which has entered the camera body 10 through the zoom 
optical system of the lens system 12 is mostly reflected by a main mirror 
92 (see FIG. 1) toward a pentagonal mirror (not shown) of the optical 
system of the viewfinder. Part of the reflected light is applied to a 
photodetector 94 (see FIG. 11) of a photometric IC. Part of the light from 
the subject that has entered the camera body 10 is applied to and passes 
through a half-silvered mirror section (not shown) of the main mirror 92, 
and is then reflected by a rear submirror (not shown) downwardly to a 
rangefinder CCD sensor unit (not shown). 
The photodetector 94 of the photometric IC generates an electric signal 
depending on the intensity of light applied thereto. The electric signal 
generated by the photodetector 94 is logarithmically compressed by a 
photometric circuit 98 and then converted by an A/D converter 98 into a 
digital signal that is applied as a photometric signal to the body-side 
CPU 20 in the camera body 10. Based on the digital photometric signal and 
film sensitivity information, the body-side CPU 20 carries out 
predetermined calculations to determine an optimum shutter speed and 
aperture for exposure. Then, the body-side CPU 20 actuates an exposure 
control device 100 and an aperture mechanism (not shown) for exposing a 
film frame based on the calculated shutter speed and aperture. 
In response to a shutter release, the body-side CPU 20 controls a motor 
drive circuit (not shown) to energize a mirror motor (not shown) to lift 
and lower the main mirror 92. After the film frame has been exposed, the 
body side CPU 20 energizes a film take up motor (not shown) to wind the 
film. 
The body-side CPU 20 communicates with the lens-side CPU 22 for exchanging 
data and commands through the connection terminals 18 on the lens mount 14 
and the connection terminals (not shown) on the lens system 12. The lens 
system 12 has a focal length detecting mechanism 102 for detecting a focal 
length that is presently set. The focal length detecting mechanism 102 is 
electrically connected to the lens-side CPU 22. 
The body side CPU 20 comprises a control unit 20a for effecting overall 
control over the camera, the control unit 20a having a ROM for storing a 
control program and a RAM for storing certain data. The body side CPU 20 
further comprises an arithmetic unit 20b for carrying out AF (automatic 
focusing) arithmetic operations, PZ (power zoom) arithmetic operations, AE 
(automatic exposure) arithmetic operations, learning mode arithmetic 
operations, etc., and further comprises a timer counter 20c. An EEPROM 
108, as an external memory, is connected to the control unit 20a through a 
controller 104. The EEPROM 108 stores various constants inherent to the 
camera body 10, and various functions and constants which will be required 
by the AF arithmetic operations, PZ arithmetic operations, AE arithmetic 
operations, learning mode arithmetic operations, etc. An electronic buzzer 
108 for generating a sound when the lens system is focused is connected to 
the controller 104. The buzzer 108 comprises a PCV (Piezo Ceramic 
Vibrator). 
Also connected to the body side CPU 20 are the photometric switch 70 that 
is turned on when the shutter release button 26 is half pressed, the 
release switch 72 that is turned on when the shutter release button 26 is 
fully pressed, the main switch 110 that is turned on and off in response 
to sliding movement of the main button 38, the clear switch 76, the UP 
switch 78, the DOWN switch 80, the drive switch 82, the mode switch 84, 
the hyper switch 88, and the film cartridge detecting switch 90. 
The main switch 110 comprises an ON switch 110a and a PICT switch 110b. The 
ON switch 110a is turned on when the main button 38 is slid to the ON 
position, and turned off when the main button 38 is slid to the other 
positions. The PICT switch 110b is turned on when the main button 36 is 
slid to the PICT position, and turned off. When the main button 36 is slid 
to the other positions. The main switch 110 is turned on when either the 
ON switch 110a or the PICT switch 110b is turned on, and turned off when 
both the ON switch 110a and the PICT switch 110b are turned off. 
A control sequence for controlling the camera in this embodiment will be 
described below with reference to various flowcharts. 
A main routine shown in FIG. 12 and 13 includes a POFF loop corresponding 
to a standby condition and a PON loop corresponding to an operating 
condition. From the PON loop, various control processes are executed for 
controlling the camera. There are four general control processes: a 
shutter release process (FIG. 14) for controlling an exposure when the 
shutter release button 26 is fully pressed; an SW operation display loop 
process (FIG. 15) for controlling display processes upon operation of the 
mode button 40, the drive button 38, the Tv/Av button 30, the UG/DOWN 
lever 28, and the. hyper button 82; an AE arithmetic process for 
controlling various program arithmetic operations; and a learning mode 
arithmetic process for controlling a learning function to learn an action 
of the user. The SW operation display loop process can be sub-divided into 
a process in the exposure mode for exposure correction and program 
shifting, and a process in the special function setting mode. 
MAIN ROUTINE 
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the main routine for controlling the camera. 
This flowchart is started when a battery is loaded in the camera. When a 
battery is loaded in the camera body 10, interrupts are inhibited, and an 
initializing process is executed to initialize flags, the RAM, and 
registers, and to effect a sum check in the ROM (S1201, S1203). Then, a 
power hold mode is turned on to supply electric energy to the overall 
hardware arrangement of the camera, and data stored in the EEPROM 108 is 
written in the RAM of the CPU 20 (S1205, S1207). Thereafter, control 
proceeds to the POFF loop that is repeatedly executed while the main 
switch 110 of the camera is turned off. 
FORMATS DATA IN EEPROM/RAM 
FIGS. 58 and 59 are diagrams showing formats of data stored in the EEPROM 
and data written in the RAM. 
The camera of the present embodiment can learn the amount of a program 
shift in each of the exposure modes including the portrait mode, the 
landscape mode, the moving subject mode, and the close up made. In these 
exposure modes, GENPSFT(0)-GENPSFT(3) respectively indicate the amount of 
a shift from an initial learning mode origin in a program diagram that has 
been learned and STDYCNT(0)-STDYCNT(3) respectively indicate the number of 
times that the shutter has been released with the amount of a program 
shift that the user has set. They are each first written in the RAM, and 
then written in the EEPROM 106 as required. The data written in the EEPROM 
106 are written in the RAM in step S1303 shown in FIG. 13A and in step 
S1207 shown in FIG. 12. Furthermore, data are transferred from 
GENPSFT(0)-GENPSFT(3) and STDYCNT(0)-STDYCNT(3) written in the RAM to 
GENPSFT, STDYCNT in the RAM according to the exposure mode that is 
selected. 
In addition to the locations GENPSFT, STDYCNT, the RAM has SETPSFT for 
storing the amount of a program shift, which the user has set, from a 
learning mode origin, and ALLPSFT for storing the final amount of a 
program shift. 
FIG. 59 shows a data structure of the data ALLPSFT, SETPSFT, GENPSFT, 
STDYCNT in the RAM. 
As shown in FIG. 59, each of the data ALLPSFT, SETPSFT, GENPSFT contains 
0th through 8th bits representing the absolute amount of a program shift 
in units of 1/8, and a 7th bit serving as a direction bit that represents 
the direction of the program shift. The data STDYCNT contains 0th through 
5th bits representing the number of times that the shutter is released, 
and 6th and 7th bits representing data relative to the status of a 
learning mode. 
POFF LOOP 
In the POFF loop, the SW operation display loop process is called at first 
(see FIG. 15). In the SW operation display loop, flags including release 
SW, photometric SW, main SW, clear SW, UPSW, DOWNSW, drive SW, mode SW, 
and HYPSW are set to "1" or "0" depending on whether the release switch 
72, the photometric switch 70, the main switch 110, the clear switch the 
UP switch 78, the DOWN switch 80, the drive switch 82, the mode switch 84, 
and the hyper switch 88 are turned on or off. The various flags that are 
set depending on the operation of the switches are supplied to the CPU 20, 
which controls the display of the external display LCD panel 34 and the 
viewfinder display LCD panel 62 based on the supplied flags (S1211, 
S1213). If the main switch SW is set to "0", i.e., if the main button 36 
is in the OFF position, then only the SW operation display loop is called 
at a cyclic period of 128 ms (S1211, S1213), and the power-hold mode 
remains turned off (S1229, S1231, S1233). Even if the main SW is set to 
"1", i.e., even if the main button 36 is in the PICT position or the ON 
position, in so far as all of the flags: 
(1) release SW, 
(2) photometric SW, 
(3) HYPSW, 
(4) UPSW, and 
(5) DOWNSW are set to "0" or a PF mode flag is set to "0", the power-hold 
mode remains turned off, and only the SW operation display loop is called 
at intervals of 128 ms (S1217 through S1233, S1211, S1213). The PF mode 
flag is set to "1" when the camera is being operated on in the special 
function setting mode (PF mode), which will be described later on. In the 
PF mode (with MAIN SW set to "1"), therefore, control goes to a RESTART 
process regardless of the conditions of the operation switches. 
If either one of the release switch, the photometric switch, the hyper 
switch, the UP switch, or the DOWN switch is turned on, i.e., if either 
one of the flags (1) through (5) above is set to "1", while the POFF loop 
is being executed, the RESTART process shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B is 
carried out. 
RESTART PROCESS 
FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate a flowchart showing the RESTART process. The 
RESTART process is executed if either one of the flags (1) through (5) 
above is set to "1" or the PF mode flag is set to "1" while the main SW is 
set to "1" in the POFF loop shown in FIG. 12. Initially, the power-hold 
mode is turned on to supply electrical energy to the overall hardware 
arrangement of the camera in step S1301, and data stored in the EEPROM 106 
is read again and written in the (S1303). In step S1305, a counter PON 
timer is set to the number of times that the PON loop is to be repeated 
subsequently. Then, control proceeds to the PON loop. 
PON LOOP 
In the PON loop, AE calculations for calculating a Tv/Av value are carried 
out based on data communications between the camera body 10 and the lens 
system 12, data communications between the camera body 10 and an external 
flash bulb (not shown), a photometric process, and the results of the 
photometric process. A shutter release process can also be carried out in 
the PON loop. 
First, in order to determine the cyclic period of the PON loop, a 128-ms 
timer is started (S1311), and the display on the external display LCD 
panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 is controlled according 
to the SW operation display loop (S1313). If main SW is set to "1" (S1315: 
main SW="1"), then data are transmitted from the external flash bulb to 
the camera body 10 and data communications take place between the camera 
body 10 and the lens system 12 (S1317, S1319). Then, a normal photometric 
process is carried out (S1321), and AE calculations are carried out based 
on photometric data (S1323). Based on the results of the AE calculations, 
data are transmitted from the camera body 10 to the flash bulb (S1325), 
after which data including the results of the AE calculations are 
displayed in the SW operation display loop (S1327). 
If the shutter release button 26 is fully pressed (S1329: release SW="0"), 
the shutter release process is executed. If the release switch 72 is 
turned off (S1329: release SW="1"), then an AF loop is called. Until the 
128-ms timer runs out, the AF loop is repeatedly called while the release 
SW is being monitored (S1329 through S1333). After the elapse of 128 ms, 
if all of the photometric switch, the hyper switch, the UP switch, and the 
DOWN switch are turned off, i.e., photometric SW, HYPSW, UPSW, and DOWNSW 
are set to "1", if the PF mode flag remains set to "0", indicating that 
the special function setting mode is not selected (S1335 through S1343), 
and if the PON loop has been repeated the number of times that has been 
set in step S1305, then control goes to the POFF loop (S1345 through 
S1347). Otherwise, the PON loop is repeated. 
SHUTTER RELEASE PROCESS 
FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating the shutter release process. In the 
shutter release process, a photometric process (S1401), data 
communications from the flash bulb to the camera body 10 (S1403), AE 
calculations (S1405) described later on, data communications from the 
camera body 10 to the flash bulb (S1407) based on the results of the AE 
calculations, and the SW operation display loop (1409). Thereafter, a 
series of exposure operations are carried out which include a process of 
lifting the main mirror and controlling the aperture (S1411), an exposure 
process (S1413), and a process of winding the film and lowering the mirror 
(S1417). In the camera of the present invention, after the exposure 
process, learning mode calculations, described later on, are carried out 
(S1415) to learn settings made by the user. After the shutter release 
process, control goes back to the PON loop shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. 
SWITCH OPERATION DISPLAY LOOP PROCESS 
FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the SW operation display loop process 
for controlling the display on the external display LCD panel 34 and the 
viewfinder display LCD panel 62 in response to operation of the control 
buttons of the camera. In the SW operation display loop, various processes 
are carried out and displayed including the display of an ISO film 
sensitivity and switching between the PF setting mode and other 
photographing modes in response to operation of the control buttons. 
In step S1501, the condition of the various switches that are set by the 
control buttons of the cameras are read, and various flags (main SW, PF 
mode flag, mode SW, drive SW, PFOUTM flag) are set based on the read 
condition of the switches. 
When the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 are pressed simultaneously 
while the camera is in a normal condition ready to take pictures, the ISO 
film sensitivity is displayed on the external display LCD panel 34. 
Continued pressing of the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 for a 
predetermined time causes the camera to enter the PF setting mode, i.e., 
the special function setting mode. In the PF setting mode, the PF mode 
flag is set to "1" as described later on. If main SW is set to "0" in the 
SW operation display loop, then the external display LCD panel 34 and the 
viewfinder display LCD panel 62 are de-energized (S1521). Then, after a PF 
cancelling process is carried out (S1523), control returns to the location 
where the SW operation display loop has been called. 
If main SW is set to "1" and the camera is not in the PF setting mode, then 
the status of mode SW and drive SW are determined. If the mode switch SW 
and the drive switch SW are both set to "0", then control branches off 
into different flows depending on the PFOUTM flag. The PFOUTM flag is set 
to "1" only when the PF setting mode has ended normally after the camera 
has entered the PF setting mode. Normally, the PFOUTM flag is set to "0". 
To return to the ordinary exposure mode from the PF setting mode, the mode 
button 40 and the drive button 38 are simultaneously pressed continuously 
for a predetermined time. If both mode SW and drive SW are on and hence 
set to "0", then a PF timer is incremented from 0. If the count of the PF 
timer is less than "31", then the ISO film sensitivity is displayed on the 
external display LCD panel 34, and at the same time a remaining period of 
time until the camera enters the PF mode is graphically displayed as a 
according to a PF timer display process, as described later on. After the 
PF timer display process, control returns to the location where the SW 
operation display loop has been called. 
If the PF timer counts "31" or more in step S1513, then the PF mode flag 
indicating that the camera has entered the PF mode is set to "1", and a 
PFINM flag is also set to "1". The condition that the PF timer count ="31" 
corresponds to a time period of about 2 seconds. 
If the PF mode flag is set to "1", then control goes from step S1505 go a 
PF loop the next time the SW operation display loop is called. The PF loop 
monitors the status of the various switches while in the PF setting mode. 
The PF loop will be described later on. 
In this embodiment, the ISO film sensitivity is displayed only when the 
mode button 40 and the drive button 38 are simultaneously pressed. 
However, the external display LCD panel 34 may be controlled such that 
once the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 have been pressed, the 
external display LCD panel 34 will display the ISO film sensitivity for a 
predetermined period of time even when the mode button 40 and the drive 
button 38 are subsequently released. 
If either one of the mode switch and the drive switch is turned off while 
the ISO film sensitivity is being displayed, i.e., while the remaining 
period of time until the camera enters the PF mode is still being 
displayed as a graph, then the PF timer is cleared and set to "0", and the 
PFOUTM flag is set to "0". 
If the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 are 20 continuously pressed 
upon switching from the PF setting mode to the exposure mode, then since 
the PFOUTM flag is set to "1", control goes from step S1511 to an SW 
operation display process 1, and will not return to the PF setting mode. 
In order to return to the PF setting mode again, it is necessary to 
release either one of the mode button 40 or the drive button 38 to set the 
PFOUTM flag to "0" in step S1525, and then to press both the mode button 
40 and the drive button 38 simultaneously again. As described above, 
immediately after switching from the PF setting mode to the exposure mode, 
the PF setting mode is not immediately started again even if the drive 
button and the mode button are continuously pressed. Consequently, the 
camera can be easily operated. 
During operation in the normal exposure mode, unless the mode button and 
the drive button are both pressed, processing regarding the PF setting 
mode is not carried out, and control goes to the SW operation display 
process 1 (S1507, S1509, S1525). 
SWITCH OPERATION DISPLAY PROCESS 
FIGS. 16A, 16B-I, 16B-II, and 16C illustrate a flowchart of the SW 
operation display process 1. The SW operation display process 1 controls 
the display of data chosen by the UP/DOWN lever 28 for setting. 
First, a learning mode flag is set to "0" in step S1601. In this 
embodiment, a learning mode inhibit flag is set to "0" (S1925, FIG. 19 or 
S2611, FIG. 26), indicating permission of a learning mode, and the 
learning mode flag is set to "1" (S1615, FIG. 16) for effecting a learning 
mode only when a learning mode (portrait, landscape, moving subject, and 
close up) is selected, as described later on. 
In step S1603, an U/D loop is executed to set and display various data 
depending on the operation of the UP/DOWN lever 28 as described later in 
detail. An AE mode setting process, shown in FIG. 35, is called at step 
S1605 which determines whether the exposure mode, is to be the green mode, 
the portrait mode, the landscape mode, the moving subject mode, the close 
up mode, the program mode, the automatic mode, or the manual mode, 
depending on the data set in the U/D loop shown in FIG. 34 and also on 
whether the main button 36 is in the PICT or ON position, as described 
later in detail, and sets a variable "AE mode" to a numerical value X 
depending on the exposure mode. 
Control then branches off into different flows depending on the value of X, 
i.e., exposure mode (S1607, S1609). In FIG. 16B-I and 16B-II, steps S1611 
through S1621 belong to a program shift process as described later on, and 
steps S1623, S1625 belong to an exposure correction process. If the 
exposure mode is the green mode or the manual mode, then the above steps 
are not carried out as no program shift and no exposure correction are 
effected. In the automatic mode, only the exposure correction is effected 
and no program shift takes place. In the program mode, it is possible to 
carry out a program shift though no graph is displayed, and control starts 
from step S1619. 
If the exposure mode is the portrait mode, the landscape mode, the moving 
subject mode, or the close up mode, then the camera of the present 
invention learns the amount of a program shift that has been set by the 
user. The learning function is effective in so far as a film cartridge is 
loaded in the camera and the learning mode inhibit flag has been set to 
"0" in the PF setting mode. As long as the above conditions are satisfied, 
the learning mode flag is set to "1" (S1611 through S1615). 
In a P shift graph display process, the amount of a program shift that has 
been set by the user is displayed as a graph on the external display LCD 
panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62. The amount of a program 
shift that has been set may be cancelled when the Tv/Av button 30 alone is 
pressed (see PSHIFT CLEAR PROCESS, FIG. 38, S3805). In step S1619, the 
program shift may be cancelled as described later in detail. 
In step S1621, the letters "Tv" and "Av" and the arcuate overlines 58k, 58m 
are displayed on the external display LCD panel 34. 
As described above, it is possible to set the camera for exposure 
correction if the exposure mode is the portrait mode, the landscape mode, 
the moving subject mode, the close up mode, the program mode, or the 
automatic mode. Depression of the hyper button 52 causes the external 
display LCD panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 to display a 
graph for exposure correction. With the graph for exposure correction 
being displayed, i.e., with the hyper button 52 pressed, the UP/DOWN lever 
28 can be turned to set an amount of exposure correction (S1623). The 
amount of exposure correction thus set can be cleared by pressing the 
Tv/Av button 30 with the graph for exposure correction being displayed 
(S1625). Details of the process for displaying and clearing exposure 
correction will be described later on. 
If the exposure mode is the automatic mode, then switching between the 
shutter speed preference mode and the aperture preference mode can be made 
by pressing the Tv/Av button 30 (S1627). In the shorter speed preference 
mode, a Tv value can be altered by turning the UP/DOWN lever 28. In the 
aperture preference mode, an Av value can be altered by turning the 
UP/DOWN lever 28. At this time, the external display LCD panel 34 displays 
the arcuate overlines 58k or 58m over whichever of the Tv value or the Av 
value is preferred, and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 displays an 
underline below whichever of the Tv value or the Av value is preferred 
(S1629). 
If the exposure mode is the manual mode, then an alteration of the manually 
set Tv/Av value from a calculated optimum exposure value, which is 
displayed as a graph according to an exposure display process (S1631), can 
be made. If hyper button 52 alone is pressed in the manual mode, then an 
optimum exposure value is set which is calculated according to the 
program. In the manual mode, the Tv/Av value is set by the UP/DOWN lever 
28. Whether the Tv or Av value is to be altered by the UP/DOWN lever 28 is 
determined by the Tv/Av switch 30 as with the automatic mode (S1633). As 
with the automatic mode, the external display LCD panel 34 displays the 
arcuate overline 58k or 58m over whichever of the Tv or Av value is varied 
by the UP/DOWN lever 28, and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 displays 
an underline below whichever of the Tv or Av value is preferred (S1635). 
The Tv and Av values thus determined are displayed on the external display 
LCD panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 (S1637). The external 
display LCD panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 also display 
the exposure mode and the drive mode, an indication as to whether a 
learning mode is to take place or not, and various other data according to 
the modes (S1641). 
PF LOOP PROCESS 
FIG. 17 is a flowchart of the PF loop process. The PF loop controls the 
branching into a PF loop 1 for setting and altering various special 
functions in the PF setting mode, and a process for returning to the 
normal exposure mode after a function has been set. 
A special function (PF) is set by selecting settable items with the mode 
button 40 and altering the data settings by turning the UP/DOWN button 28. 
If one minute elapses without setting any special functions during 
operation in the PF setting mode, then the PF setting mode is cancelled, 
and control returns to the exposure mode. To this end, if one of the mode 
switch 84 (S1701), the UP switch 78 (S1703), or the DOWN switch 80 (S1705) 
is turned on, then a PF end timer is set to "0" (S1707), and if none of 
the mode switch, the UP switch, and the DOWN switch is turned on, the PF 
end timer continues to measure time. 
When control proceeds from the normal exposure mode to the PF loop in 
response to simultaneous pressing of the mode button 40 and the drive 
button 38 for a predetermined period of time, since the PFINM flag has 
been set to "1" in step S1527 in FIG. 15, control goes from step S1715 in 
FIG. 17 to a PF display process. In as much as the PFINM flag is set to 
"0" in the PF display process, the PF display process is executed only 
when control goes to the PF setting process. Once the mode button 40 or 
the drive button 38 is released, the PF display process will not be 
executed during operation in the PF setting mode. 
The setting items are changed by the PF loop 1 when the mode switch is 
turned on, i.e., mode SW is set to "0" (S1711). If both mode SW and drive 
SW are set to "0" for a predetermined period of time, which is of 2 
seconds in this embodiment, then control proceeds to a PF setting end 
process, in which the special function that has been set is installed, 
i.e., written in the EEPROM 106. The time until control goes to the PF 
setting end process is measured and displayed in the same manner as the 
steps S1513, S1515, S1519 shown in FIG. 15 (S1717, S1719, S1721). 
PF DISPLAY PROCESS 
FIG. 18 is a flowchart of the PF display process that is executed when 
control proceeds from the normal exposure mode to the PF setting mode. The 
PF display process is executed when control enters the PF setting mode 
after the lapse of a predetermined period of time after the ISO film 
sensitivity has been displayed by simultaneously pressing the mode button 
40 and the drive button 38 while the camera is operating in the normal 
exposure mode. 
If the count of the PF timer reaches a predetermined value (31) or more, 
i.e., if the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 are continuously 
pressed for 2 seconds, the PF mode flag and the PFINM flag are set to "1" 
in step S1527 in FIG. 15. Then, when the SW operation display loop shown 
in FIG. 15 is executed with the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 
being pressed, control goes to the PF loop in step S1505, and goes from 
step S1715 in the PF loop in FIG. 17 to the PF display process in FIG. 18. 
In the PF display process, the letters "PF" are displayed indicating that 
control has entered the PF setting mode, and a mode SWM flag (described 
later on) is set to "1". If the Tv/Av button 30 is not pressed at this 
time (S1803: clear SW="1"), then control returns to the location where the 
SW operation display loop branched into the PF display process has been 
called. 
The camera of this embodiment is arranged such that all special functions 
that are set are cleared and default values are set if the Tv/Av button 30 
is pressed while "PF" is being displayed on the external display LCD panel 
34 by pressing the mode button 40 and the drive button 38. Such a process 
is executed in steps S1805 through S1815. Depression of the Tv/Av button 
30 (S1803: clear SW="0") sets the mode SWM flag to "0" (S1805). In order 
to set the PF timer to "0" when the process of step S1805 and the 
following steps are executed for the first time, control branches into 
different flows depending on a PFINM2 flag in step S1807. Specifically, 
the PFINM2 flag is set to "0" in a first cycle, and set to "1" in second 
and subsequent cycles. In the second and subsequent cycles, therefore, the 
PF timer is not reset. Steps S1811 through S1815 are similar to the steps 
S1515 through S1519 shown in FIG. 15 or the steps S1717 through S1721 
shown in FIG. 17 in that the remaining period of time until control goes 
to a PF all-clear process to clear settings is displayed as a graph. Upon 
elapse of a predetermined period of time, i.e., when the count of the PF 
timer exceeds "31", control goes to the PF all-clear process which changes 
the settings to the default values. 
PF LOOP 1 PROCESS 
FIGS. 19A, 19B-I and 19B-II is a flowchart of the PF loop 1 process for 
controlling the setting of special functions and display of the settings. 
The camera of this embodiment is arranged such that if no settings are made 
for one minute or more during operation in the PF setting mode, all the 
settings during the operation in the PF setting mode are cancelled, and 
the settings immediately before the control went to the PF setting mode 
are retained as they. Were. Therefore, step S1901 determines whether the 
PF end timer has run for one minute or more. As shown in steps S1701 
through S1707 in FIG. 17, the PF end timer is reset each time one of the 
mode switch, the UP switch, or the DOWN switch for the PF setting mode are 
judged as being turned on. That is, each time the mode button 40 or the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 is operated on, the PF end timer is set to "0". If the 
mode button 40 and the UP/DOWN lever 28 are not operated for one minute or 
longer, then control proceeds from step S1901 to a PF cancel process. 
During operation of the PF setting mode, control goes from step S1901 to 
step S1903. In step S1903, the PFINM flag is set to "0", and the PF timer 
is set to a count value "0". The PFINM flag is set to "1" in step S1527 in 
FIG. 15 when control goes from the exposure mode to the PF setting mode, 
causing control to branch to the PF display process in step S1715 in FIG. 
17. If the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 remain pressed after 
control has entered the PF setting mode, then because the PFINM flag is 
set to "1", control always goes from step S1715 to the PF display process. 
Once the mode button 40 or the drive button 38 is released, the PF display 
process is no longer executed, and control proceeds from step S1715 to 
step S1717, permitting the PF setting end process to be carried out. 
For shifting from the PF setting mode to the exposure mode, it is necessary 
to press the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 simultaneously for a 
predetermined period of time. The PF timer serves to measure such a 
predetermined period of time. As can be seen from steps S1711, S1713 in 
FIG. 17 in connection with step S1903 in FIG. 19, the PF timer is set to 
"0" once the mode button 40 or the drive button 38 is released. 
Then, steps S1905 and S1907 determine whether the UP/DOWN lever 28 is 
operated on or not. If the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned to increase 
designated variable data, then a UPM flag is set to "1" (FIG. 23) in the 
U/D loop, and if the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned to reduce designated 
variable data, then a DOWNM flag is set to "1" (FIG. 23) in the U/D loop 
(FIG. 22). 
If the UP/DOWN lever 28 is not operated, then settable items as special 
functions are changed when the mode button 40 is pressed in step S1937 of 
a process called in step S1909. The camera of this embodiment has five 
items, given below, as special functions that can be changed: 
(A) ISO film sensitivity, 
(B) Learning mode changing level, 
(C) Whether a sound is to be generated or not when the lens system is 
automatically focused, 
(D) Whether a learning mode is to take place or not, and 
(E) Clearing of a learning mode. 
These five items (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) are selected for setting 
successively in the order named each time the mode button 40 is pressed in 
the PF setting mode. When the mode button 40 is pressed once more while 
the item (E) is being selected, the item (A) is selected again. 
The U/D loop is executed only when the mode SWM flag is found to be "0" in 
step S1911. In the U/D loop, the data of the settable items are changed by 
turning the UP/DOWN lever 28. In this embodiment, only when one of the 
mode button 40 or the UP/DOWN lever 28 is operated, can the settable items 
or the data be changed. Step S1911 determines whether the U/D loop is to 
be called or not based on the mode SWM flag. The mode SWM flag is set to a 
different value in a PF mode UP process in step S1909 depending on mode 
switch 84 as described later in detail. 
Steps S1915 through S1927 display an item that is being set and its data 
according to a value X allocated to the mode. If the item to be set is the 
item (A) above, then the ISO film sensitivity is displayed. If the item to 
be set is the item (B), then a numerical value ranging from "0" to "4" 
corresponding to a combination of a selected learning level and the number 
of times that the learning mode is to take place is displayed. If the item 
to be set is the item (C), then a numeral "0" indicating that the 
electronic buzzer 108 is to be energized when the lens system is in focus 
or a numeral "1" indicating that the electronic buzzer 108 is not to be 
energized when the lens system is in focus is displayed, and the 
electronic buzzer 108 is energized periodically when the numeral "0" is 
selected or is not energized when the numeral "1" is selected, allowing 
the user to confirm the setting aurally. If the item to be set is the item 
(D), then a numeral "0" indicating that a learning mode is to take place 
or a numeral "1" indicating that a learning mode is not to take place is 
displayed, and a learning mark 56s is energized or de-energized on the 
external LCD display 34, allowing the user to confirm the setting 
visually. If the item to be set is the item (E), then a symbol indicating 
a selected exposure mode and the letters "CL" indicating that clearing of 
a learning mode is set are displayed. 
The PF loop 1 branches off from the SW operation display process. 
Therefore, after the PF loop is finished, control returns to the location 
where the SW operation display process has been called. 
PF MODE UP PROCESS 
FIG. 19C is a flowchart of the PF mode UP process that is called in step 
S1909 shown in FIG. 19A. The PF mode UP process is called when the UP/DOWN 
lever 28 is not turned. When the PF mode UP process starts to be executed, 
it first determines whether the mode button 40 has been pressed or not 
(S1931). If mode SW has been set to "1", then the mode SWM flag has been 
set to "0". Thus, control will proceed from step S1911 to step S1913 in 
FIG. 19A, making it possible to alter the data with the UP/DOWN lever 28. 
If mode SW has been set to "0", then the PF mode is incremented (S1937) to 
change the settable item as long as the mode SWM flag is set to "0". Since 
the PF mode is of five types ranging from 0 to 4, when the PF mode reaches 
5, it is again set to "0" (S1939). Once the PF mode is incremented, the 
mode SWM flag is set to "1" (S1943). After the particular settable item 
has been changed by pressing the mode button 40, the process of changing 
the setting items is not executed in step S1935 if the mode button 40 
remains pressed. In other words, the settable items are not actually 
changed unless the mode button 40 is released. Therefore, the camera is 
highly convenient to operate on. 
After the above process, control returns to the location where the PF mode 
UP process has been called. 
PF ALL-CLEAR AND PF SETTING END PROCESS 
FIG. 20 is a flowchart of the PF all-clear process and the PF setting end 
process. 
The PF all-clear process is executed when the count of the PF timer reaches 
"31" or more in step S1811 in the PF display process shown in FIG. 18. 
Specifically, the PF all-clear process is executed when the Tv/Av button 
30 is continuously pressed for a predetermined time of 2 seconds after 
control has entered the PF setting mode by simultaneously pressing the 
mode button 40 and the drive button 38 for a predetermined period of time, 
with the external display LCD panel 34 displaying "PF". In the PF 
all-clear process, all data, the setting of which can be altered in the PF 
setting mode, are returned to initial values (S2001). 
If a DX film is loaded in the camera, then an ISO film sensitivity read 
from the DX code of the film is set as an initial value. Otherwise, an ISO 
film sensitivity of 100 is set as a default value. With respect to the 
learning mode changing level, a changing level =0, the number of times 1 
that the learning mode is to take place =3 times, and the number of times 
2 that the learning mode is to take place =3 times are set as initial 
values. With respect to the sound to be generated when the lens system is 
focused, an initial setting is that the electronic buzzer 108 is to be 
energized when the lens system is focused. As regards the item as to 
whether learning is to take place or not, an initial setting is that a 
learning mode is to take place. In order to clear learning modes with 
regard to the portrait, landscape, moving subject, and close up exposure 
modes, all learning mode clear flags corresponding to the respective modes 
are set to "1". 
The above settings are written in the RAM. In the PF setting end process in 
step S2011 and the following steps, the set data in the RAM are written in 
the EEPROM 108. 
Concerning the items of ISO film sensitivity, the learning mode changing 
level, whether a sound is to be generated when the lens system is focused, 
and whether a learning mode is to take place, the data in the that gave 
been set and altered in the PF setting mode correspond to the data in the 
EEPROM. Therefore, the data in the RAM are written in the EEPROM (S2011). 
With respect to the clearing of a learning mode, since only the value of 
the learning mode clear flag is altered for each mode (S1927, FIG. 19 
B-II), GENPSFT(X) and STDYCNT(X) in the RAM are reset to initial data and 
written in the EEPROM only when the value of the learning mode clear flag 
(X) corresponding to each mode is "1" (S2013 through S2019). 
After the above process, control proceeds to step S2111 in FIG. 21 to reset 
the various flags and the counter. At this time, the PFOUTM flag 
indicating that control has shifted from the PF setting mode to the 
exposure mode is set to "1". 
The PF all-clear process branches off from the SW operation display loop. 
Therefore, when the PF all-clear process comes to an end, control returns 
to the location where the SW operation display loop has been called. 
PF CANCEL PROCESS 
FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating the PF cancel process. 
In the camera of this embodiment, special functions are set in the PF 
setting mode, and the settings are written in the EEPROM when the mode 
button 40 and the drive button 38 are simultaneously pressed continuously 
for a predetermined period of time (see FIGS. 17 and 20), after which the 
PF setting mode ends. If the PF setting mode is interrupted in another 
way, i.e., if the main button 36 is shifted into the OFF position during 
operation in the PF setting mode, or if no settings are made for one 
minute or more in the PF setting mode, then the data altered in the PF 
setting mode are not written into the EEPROM 106, but cancelled. In 
particular, if no settings are made for one minute or more in the PF 
setting mode, then control automatically shifts from the PF setting mode 
to the exposure mode. If the PF cancel process is executed, the learning 
mode clear flag (X) is set to "0" so that the learning mode will not be 
cleared in any mode (S2101). 
The PF cancel process branches off from the SW operation display loop. 
Therefore, when the PF cancel process comes to an end, control returns to 
the location where the SW operation display loop has been called. 
U/D LOOP PROCESS 
FIG. 22 is a flowchart of the U/D loop process for varying data in response 
to turning of the UP/DOWN lever 28. 
If the DOWN switch 80 is turned on, i.e., if DOWNSW checked in step S2401 
of FIG. 24 is set to "0", then the DOWNM flag (DOWN memory flag) is set to 
"1", and the UPM flag (UP memory flag) is set to "0" (S2409), and if UPSW 
checked in step S2301 is set to "0", then the UPM flag is set to "1", and 
the DOWNM flag is set to "0" (S2809), as described later in detail. 
Therefore, if the UP switch 78 is turned on, then an UP loop flag is set 
to "1", and an UP loop process is carried out and a DOWN loop process is 
not carried out (S2201 through S2205). If the down switch 80 is turned on, 
then the UP loop flag is set to "0", and only the DOWN loop process is 
carried out (S2207 through S2211). After the above process, control 
returns to the location where the U/D loop has been called. 
UP LOOP PROCESS 
FIG. 23 is a flowchart of an UP loop process that is called in the U/D loop 
(FIG. 22). 
If the UP switch 78 is turned off (S2301: UPSW="1"), then no data is 
altered, and the UP memory flag that indicates that the UP switch 78 is 
turned off is set to "0" (S2305) and control goes back to the U/D loop. 
If the UP switch 78 is turned on (S2301: UPSW="0"), then step S2305 
determines whether the UP switch 78 was turned on when the UP loop was 
previously called. If the UP switch 78 was previously turned on (UP memory 
flag="1"), control goes to an U/D timer loop process. The U/D loop is 
repeated at a cyclic period of about 64 ms (twice in 128 ms); thus, if 
data were altered based on only the condition of the UP switch 78 at the 
time the UP loop is called, e.g., when the UP switch 78 remains turned on, 
i.e., when the user has turned the UP/DOWN lever 28 in the direction to 
increase the variable data and keeps it turned in that direction, then the 
data would be altered in a very short period of time. To prevent such data 
alteration from happening, if the UP switch 78 or the DOWN switch 80 is 
continuously turned on, the period is extended in a software implemented 
manner in the U/D timer loop. 
If the UP memory flag is "0", then data are altered in a data U/D process, 
and the UP memory flag indicating that the UP switch 78 has been turned on 
is set to "1", and at the same time the DOWN memory flag indicating that 
the DOWN switch 80 has not been turned on is set to "0", with the count of 
an U/D timer used in the U/D timer loop being set to "0" (S2305 through 
S2309). 
DOWN LOOP PROCESS 
FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a DOWN loop process that is called in the U/D 
loop (FIG. 22). Steps S2401 through S2409 are substantially the same as 
those shown in FIG. 23 according to whether the DOWN switch 80 is turned 
on or off. 
U/D TIMER LOOP PROCESS 
Steps S2411 through S2417 of FIG. 24 represent the U/D timer loop process. 
In the U/D timer loop, if the count of the U/D timer that is incremented 
each time the U/D timer loop is executed (S2417) reaches "8" or more 
(S2411), then special function data is altered (S2413). Specifically, if 
the U/D timer loop is executed 8 times with the UP/DOWN lever 28 turned, 
the data is altered in a manner depending on the direction in which the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned. When the data is altered, the U/D timer is 
reset, and the count thereof is set to "0" (S2415). 
DATA U/D PROCESS 
FIG. 25-I and 25-II is a flowchart of the DATA U/D process which carries 
out a data alteration in response to operation of the UP/DOWN lever 28. 
If the process is called during operation in the PF setting mode (S2501: 
the PF mode flag="1"), control branches off into a PF data U/D process in 
which a special function is changed by the combined operation of the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 and the mode button 40. 
If the process is called and the PF mode flag ="0", then control branches 
off into different flows depending on an operation button that is pressed 
in combination with the UP/DOWN lever 28. 
If the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned while the mode button 40 is being 
pressed, then the exposure mode is changed (S2503, S2505). If the UP/DOWN 
lever 28 is turned while the drive button 38 is being pressed, then the 
drive mode is changed (S2507, S2509). If the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned 
while the hyper button 52 is being pressed, then the exposure correction 
is carried out (S2511, S2513). If only the UP/DOWN lever 28 is operated 
on, then according to a value X: 
(1) a program shift is executed when the photographing mode is any one of 
the portrait, landscape, moving object, close up, and program modes 
(S2517, S2519), or 
(2) the Tv value or the Av value is altered when the photographing mode is 
the automatic or manual mode (S2521, S2523, S2524). Whether the Av value 
or the Tv value is to be altered is determined by pressing the Tv/Av 
button 30. 
After the above process, control returns to the location where the data U/D 
process has been called. 
DATA U/D PROCESS 
FIG. 26 is a flowchart of the PF DATA U/D process which changes data of the 
items of the PF (special function) in the PF setting mode. 
Data of the special function item that has been chosen for setting by the 
pressing of the mode button 40 (in step S1909 in FIG. 19A and step S1937 
in FIG. 19C) is altered with this process according to the allocated value 
X (S2601, S2603). 
If the item to be set is the ISO film sensitivity, then the ISO film 
sensitivity is changed stepwise by turning the UP/DOWN lever 28 (S2605). 
When the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed while the ISO film sensitivity is being 
set, an initial value is set as the ISO film sensitivity, e.g., a DX value 
is set according to a DX code of a film if one is loaded in the camera, or 
an initial value =100 is set otherwise. 
If the item to be set is the learning mode changing level, a variable, 
representing a changing level for learning and corresponding to a 
combination of a changing amount and the number of times that the learning 
mode is to take place, can be set to a value ranging from "0" to "4". One 
step of the changing amount corresponds to a change of Tv or Av by an 
amount corresponding to about 0.5 Ev, i.e. one step of the changing amount 
effects a change of the Tv value by 0.5 in the one direction and a change 
of the Av value in the opposite direction, so that the Ev value is 
constant. Thus, if the amount of a program shift that is actually set by 
the user, in use, is equal to or greater than a changing amount that has 
been set, then it is learned if that exposure is effected a number of 
times indicated by the "number of times 1" that the learning mode has been 
set, and if the amount of a program shift that is actually set by the 
user, in use, is smaller than a changing amount that has been set, then it 
is learned if that exposure is effected a number of times indicated by the 
"number of times 2" that the learning mode has been set (S2807). 
If the item to be set is whether the AF sound mode is to be turned on or 
not, then a focusing ON Inhibit flag toggles between "0" and "1" (S2809). 
If the item to be set is whether a learning mode Is to be inhibited or not, 
then the learning mode inhibit flag toggles between "0" and "1" (S2611). 
If the item to be set is the clearing of a learning mode, then a picture 
indicating the photographing mode Is displayed on the external display LCD 
panel 34, the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned to select one or all of the four 
modes of clearing a learning mode, and the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed to 
set clearing of a learning mode (S2813). 
P SHIFT U/D PROCESS 
FIG. 27-I and 27-II is a flowchart of a P Shift U/D process for setting a 
program shift. If the exposure mode is the green mode, then since no 
program shift can be effected, the process of step S2703 and the steps 
that follow is not executed (S2701: P shift inhibit flag ="1"). 
If the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned in a positive direction, then a program 
shift (P shift) is possible only when the Tv value is not in excess of a 
maximum value and the Av value does not reach a minimum value (S2705: 
TvMAX ="0", S2707: AvMIN ="0"). If the direction bit, stored in the RAM, 
that represents the direction of a program shift is negative, then 0.5 is 
subtracted from the amount of a P shift until it becomes 0. When the 
amount of a P shift becomes 0, the direction bit is made positive (S2717 
through S2721). If the direction bit is positive, 0.5 is added to the 
amount of a P shift unless the amount of a P shift becomes equal to or 
greater than 154/8 (S2713, S2715). 
If the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned in a negative direction, then a program 
shift is possible only when the Tv value is greater than the minimum value 
and the Av value does not exceed the maximum value. If the P shift 
direction bit in the RAM is positive, then 0.5 is subtracted from the 
amount of a P shift (S2727, S2729). If the amount of a P shift becomes 
negative as a result of the subtraction, then because the data in the RAM 
are represented by decimal notation, the data are processed such that they 
will be represented by a negative direction bit and the absolute value of 
the amount of a P shift (S2729 through S2733). If the direction bit is 
negative, then 0.5 is added to the amount of a P shift unless it becomes 
equal to or greater than the maximum value (S2735, S2727). 
EXPOSURE CORRECTION U/D PROCESS 
FIG. 28 is a flowchart of an exposure correction U/D process. 
If the direction in which the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned is positive, i.e. 
if the UPLOOP flag is set to "1" in step S2208, then the exposure 
correction value Xv is incremented by 0.5 until an upper limit Xv=3.0 is 
reached (S2801 through S2805), and if that direction is negative, i.e. if 
the UPLOOP flag is set to "0" in step S2209, then Xv is decremented by 0.5 
until a lower limit Xv=-8.0 is reached (S2801 through S2807). 
P SHIFT GRAPH DISPLAY PROCESS 
FIG. 29 is a flowchart of a P shift graph display process for displaying, 
as a graph, the amount by which a program shift has been set. 
To display a program shift as a graph, data in a P shift display table 
shown in FIG. 31 are read and displayed based on the direction and amount 
of a shift of the origin and the direction and amount of a program shift 
that is set with reference to the origin. In FIG. 31, black dots represent 
energized areas, and black dots with radial lines indicate that the black 
dots are alternately turned on and off. Data specified by Y and Z in FIG. 
31 are displayed on the external display LCD panel 34 and the viewfinder 
display LCD panel 62. 
In FIG. 29, the direction bit and the amount of a shift of the origin 
corresponding to an exposure mode that has been set are read from the RAM 
(S2901 through S2905), and the value of Y in FIG. 31 is calculated from 
the origin direction bit and the amount of the origin shift (S2907 through 
S2911). Then, the value of Z shown in FIG. 31 is calculated from the P 
shift direction bit and the amount of the P shift (S2913 through S2917). 
If the value of Z is less than or equal to zero or equal to or greater 
than "10", then Z is set to "0" or "10", respectively (S2919 through 
S2925). Based on the values of Y and Z thus determined, display data of 
the display table shown in FIG. 31 are written in the RAM for the LCD 
panels (S2927, S2929). 
EXPOSURE CORRECTION DISPLAY PROCESS 
FIG. 30-I and 30-II is a flowchart of an exposure correction display 
process that is called in step S1623 shown in FIG. 16. 
Depending on the exposure correction value Xv that has been set, any one of 
an Xv zero flag, Xv plus flag, and Xv minus flag is set to "1" (S3001 
through S3011). 
If HYPSW is on, i.e. set to "0", by pressing the hyper button 52, the 
exposure correction value Xv is displayed as a numeral (S3013, S3015). 
Then, an exposure correction graph display process is executed in step 
S3031 and the following steps. 
If HYPSW is off, i.e. set to "1", then no graph display is carried out if 
the exposure correction value Xv is "0" (S3013, S3017, S3019) and control 
proceeds to step S1624 in the SW operation display process 1. 
If the main button 36 is in the PICT position with HYPSW set to "1" (off), 
then the mark "+" or "-" is displayed on the external display LCD panel 34 
and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 depending on whether Xv is 
positive or negative (S3021 through S3027). 
If the main button 36 is in the ON position with the hyper switch is turned 
off ("1"), then control goes to an exposure correction graph display step 
(S3021: PICTSW="1"). 
In the exposure correction graph display step, the amount of correction is 
displayed as a graph on the external display LCD panel 34 and the 
viewfinder display LCD panel 62, using data in an exposure correction 
graph display table shown in FIG. 40. 
Specifically, data of the exposure correction graph display table shown in 
FIG. 40 is selected based on the exposure correction value Xv, and 
graduations are displayed on the external display LCD panel 34 and the 
viewfinder display LCD panel 62, with the data selected from FIG. 40 being 
displayed thereon. The exposure correction value that can be displayed as 
a graph ranges from -2.0 Ev to +2.0 Ev, even though the exposure 
correction value that can be set ranges from 3.0 Ev to +3.0 Ev. If the 
exposure correction value is outside of the range that can be displayed in 
the graph, then it is indicated by turning on and off black-dot marks at 
the ends of the graph. 
After the above process, step S1624 in the SW operation display 1 is 
carried out. 
PF TIMER DISPLAY PROCESS 
FIG. 32 is a flowchart of the PF timer display process for displaying a 
time remaining when the control enters the PF setting mode by 
simultaneously pressing the drive button 38 and the mode button 40, and 
also when the control leaves the PF setting mode. Switching between the PF 
setting mode and the exposure mode is effected when the count of the PF 
timer reaches a predetermined value of 31 or greater (FIGS. 15 and 18). 
Therefore, based on the numerical value of the PF timer, PF timer display 
data shown in FIG. 37 is selected and written in a display RAM for 
enabling the external display LCD panel 34 to display a graph 
representative of the remaining period of time (S3201, S3203). 
AE MODE U/D PROCESS 
FIG. 34 is a flowchart of an AE mode U/D process for selecting an exposure 
mode with the UP/DOWN lever 28. 
Control branches off into different flows at step S3401 depending on the 
direction in which data are changed, i.e., the direction in which the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned. If UP switch 78 is turned on and therefore the 
UPLOOP flag is set to "1" in step S2203 of FIG. 22, then the control goes 
from step S3401 to step S3403. If the down switch 80 is turned on and 
therefore the UPLOOP flag is set to "0" in step S2209, then the control 
goes from step S3401 to step S3421. 
Depending on whether the main button 36 is in the PICT position or the ON 
position, the exposure mode becomes the picture mode (PICT mode) or the 
full-spec mode (FULL mode) at step S3403. As shown in FIG. 33, an exposure 
mode is selected by setting one digit of 8-bit data to "1" and the other 
digits to "0". If the 8-bit data of an exposure mode is indicated as 
"Exposure mode" 8-bit data!, then it may be represented in the PICT mode 
by: 
Green mode: 00000001!, 
Moving subject mode: 00001000!, and in the Full by: 
Automatic mode 00000010!. 
If the 8-bit data is indicated by the decimal notation as "Exposure mode" 
(decimal number), it may be represented 
Green mode: (1), 
Moving subject mode: (3), and 
Automatic mode: (2). 
As shown in FIG. 33, when the data in the PICT mode, for example, is 
shifted from 
Green mode 00000001!, it successively becomes: 
Portrait mode 00000010!, 
Landscape mode 00000100!, 
Moving subject mode 00001000!, and 
Close up mode 00010000!. 
In this embodiment, since there are five exposure modes that can be 
selected in the PICT mode, the maximum value of the 8-bit data is 
00010000!. If the value of the PICT mode has reached "16" in step S3405 
shown in FIG. 34, then any exposure mode corresponding to data shifted 
leftwards does not exist. Therefore, the data is reset to 1. Even when the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 is continuously turned in the direction to alter the data 
described above for example, the green mode can be selected following the 
close up mode. Consequently, the camera can easily be operated. 
Steps S3415 through S3419 are the same as the above process with respect to 
the FULL mode. Steps S3421 through S3433 are basically the same as 
described above except that the "1" in the 8-bit data is shifted to the 
right and when the data reaches the value 1, a further confirmation of the 
down switch 80 by the UP/DOWN lever 28 leads to resetting the data to its 
maximum value. As can be seen from FIG. 33, this maximum value in the PICT 
mode is "16" and in the ON mode is "4". 
AE MODE SETTING PROCESS 
FIG. 35 is a flowchart of the AE mode setting process for converting the 
value of the PICT mode or the FULL mode that has been set in the AE mode 
U/D process shown in FIG. 34 into another variable "AE mode". 
In the AE mode setting process, the PICT mode is represented by binary 
numbers from 00000001! to 00010000!, and the FULL mode is represented by 
binary numbers from 00000001! to 00000100!. The AE mode setting process 
serves to represent the PICT mode or the FULL mode with one variable "AE 
mode". 
First, an initial value of "AE mode" is set according to the position of 
the main button 36 (S3501, S3503, S3507). Then, a variable N is made to be 
the same as the value of the PICT mode or the FULL mode that has been set 
in the AE mode U/D process shown in FIG. 34 (S3505, S3509). Thereafter, 
the variable N is shifted rightwards until N=1, and the number of times 
that the variable N is shifted is added to the initial value of "AE mode", 
thus obtaining the relationship between the AE mode and the exposure mode 
as shown in FIG. 36. 
P SHIFT CLEAR PROCESS 
FIG. 38 is a flowchart of a P shift clear process that is called in step 
S1619 in FIG. 16. When the Tv/Av button 30 alone is pressed, the amount of 
a program shift that has been set is cancelled, and the program returns to 
its original position. In the camera of this embodiment, if the Tv/Av 
button 30 is pressed while the hyper button 52 is being pressed, then the 
exposure correction is cleared. Therefore, the program shift is cleared 
only when the hyper button 52 is not pressed (S3801: HYPSW="1"). 
EXPOSURE CORRECTION CLEAR PROCESS 
FIG. 39 is a flowchart of an exposure correction clear process that is 
called in step S1625 shown in FIG. 16. 
The exposure correction value Xv is set to "0" when the hyper button 52 and 
the Tv/Av button 30 are simultaneously pressed (S3901 through S3905). 
MAIN BUTTON POSITIONS AND INITIAL DISPLAY SCREEN 
FIGS. 60B and 60C show, by way of example, display screens of the external 
display LCD panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 32 at the time 
the main button 38 is in the PICT position as shown in FIG. Specifically, 
FIG. 30A shows the main button 36 shifted to the PICT position, and FIGS. 
60B and 60C show the display screens of the external display LCD panel 34 
and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 at this time. In this example, the 
frame 58b in FIG. 60C indicates the portrait mode as the selected exposure 
mode. 
FIGS. 61A through 61C show an example in which the main button 36 is in the 
ON position. FIGS. 61B and 61C show the display screens of the external 
display LCD panel 34 and the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 at this time. 
In this example, as described later in detail, as indicated by the letter 
"P", the program mode is selected as the exposure mode, and as indicated 
by the black dot 58f, an exposure correction is set to -0.5 Ev. 
FIG. 62 shows, by way of example, a display screen of the external display 
LCD panel 34 at the time the main button 36 is in the PICT position as 
with FIG. 60C. In this example, the portrait mode is selected as the 
exposure mode. It can also be seen from this display screen that a 
learning function is turned on, and a program shift of +0.5 Ev has already 
been learned. A positive exposure correction is carried out. The display 
of a program shift and the display of an exposure correction will be 
described later in detail. 
PF SETTING MODE DISPLAY 
FIGS. 63A through 63G show a display screen of the external display LCD 
panel 34 at the time the camera enters the PF setting mode process. The PF 
timer display data shown in FIG. 37 is set in the RAM and displayed 
according to the PF timer display process that is called in step S1519 of 
FIG. 15 (FIGS. 63A through 63E). Until the camera enters the PF setting 
mode, the ISO film sensitivity is displayed in step S1517 shown in FIG. 
15. All other displayed data are turned off so that only the required data 
is displayed. The time it takes after nine dots are displayed until they 
are all turned off is about 2 seconds. 
When all the dots are turned off after the elapse of the period of 2 
seconds, the PF display process shown in FIG. 18 is executed, displaying 
"PF" as shown in FIG. 63F. When the mode button 40 and the drive button 38 
are released at this time, the displayed "PF" changes to displayed data, 
which is the first item to be set in the PF setting mode, for altering the 
ISO film sensitivity (FIG. 63G and FIG. 65A). 
DISPLAY OF PF ALL-CLEAR 
When the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed while "PF" is being displayed in the PF 
setting mode, the PF timer display process is called in step S1815 in FIG. 
18, thereby displaying the dots again (FIG. 64A). When all the nine dots 
have turned off after 2 seconds, all the settings in the PF (special 
function) mode are cleared (FIG. 20: PF ALL-CLEAR process), and the 
external display LCD panel 34 displays "CL" as shown in FIG. 64B. 
SPECIAL FUNCTION SETTING AND DISPLAY 
As described above, during operation in the PF setting mode, a settable 
item is selected by the mode button 40, and the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned 
to alter the data in the selected item. 
SETTING OF ISO FILM SENSITIVITY 
FIGS. 65A and 65B show a display screen for altering the setting of the ISO 
film sensitivity. The data that has been altered in step S2605 (FIG. 26) 
of the PF DATA U/D process by operation of the UP/DOWN lever 28 is 
displayed on the external display LCD 34 in step S1919 shown in FIG. 19B. 
In the illustrated example, ISO 200 (FIG. 65A) is altered to ISO 100 (FIG. 
65B). The external display LCD panel 34 also displays "1" to indicate the 
item that is being set. 
As described above, if the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed during the setting 
process, the ISO film sensitivity is set to an initial value (DX value or 
ISO =100). 
SETTING OF THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE LEARNING MODE IS TO TAKE PLACE 
FIGS. 66A and 66B show a displayed example for setting the number of times 
learning in the learning mode is to take place for changing of the 
program. The external display LCD panel 34 displays "2" indicating the 
item that is being set. A numerical value ranging from 0 to 4 indicative 
of a changing level as a combination of a learning mode changing amount 
and the number of times that the learning mode is to take place is set by 
turning the UP/DOWN lever 28. Such a combination of a learning mode 
changing amount and the number of times that the learning mode is to take 
place is set in step S2607 shown in FIG. 26, and is displayed in step 
S1921 shown in FIG. 19B. 
SETTING OF WHETHER A SOUND IS TO BE GENERATED WHEN THE LENS SYSTEM IS 
FOCUSED 
FIGS. 67A and 67B show a displayed example for setting whether the 
electronic buzzer 108 is to be energized when the lens system is focused. 
The external display LCD panel 34 displays "3" indicating the item that is 
being set, and also displays letters "Sd" letting the user know that the 
setting of sound is being effected. A flag is set to "1" if the electronic 
buzzer 108 is to be energized and to "0" if not. Since it would be 
difficult to tell the setting only with the flag, if the flag is set to 
"1", then the electronic buzzer 108 is energized at predetermined 
intervals of time together with the display shown in FIG. 67B to enable 
easier use of the camera. The setting is made in step S2609 shown in FIG. 
26, and the display and the energization of the electronic buzzer 108 are 
carried out in step S1923 shown in FIG. 19B. 
FIGS. 68A through 68F show a modified display example for the setting of 
the electronic buzzer 108 with respect to when the lens system is focused. 
In the modified example, If the flag indicating that the electronic buzzer 
108 is to be energized is set to "1", then letters "Sound" are 
successively divided and displayed to indicate that a setting has been 
made to energize the electronic buzzer 108 when the lens system is 
focused. The letters "Sound" are displayed in a 2-digit display area for 
normally displaying the Av value, each of the 2 digits being composed of 7 
segments. Consequently, it is not necessary to provide special display 
segments for displaying alphabetical letters. The flag is set in step 
S2809 shown in FIG. 16, and displayed in step S1923 shown in FIG. 19B. 
SELECTION OF LEARNING FUNCTION 
FIGS. 69A and 69B show a displayed example of the setting as to whether a 
program shift is to be learned or not. The external display LCD panel 34 
displays "4" indicating the item that is being selected. If the learning 
mode is to be carried out, i.e., if the learning mode inhibit flag is set 
to "0", then the notebook picture is displayed for the user to understand 
the setting operation easily. The learning function is selected in step 
S2611 shown in FIG. 26, and displayed in step S1925 shown in FIG. 19B. If 
the flag is altered from "the learning mode is to take place" to "the 
learning mode is not to take place" after having been in the learning 
mode, the amount of a program shift that has been learned is not cleared, 
but fixed. 
CLEARING OF LEARNED DATA 
FIGS. 70A and 70B show a displayed example in which learned data is 
cleared. The external display LCD panel 34 displays "5" indicating the 
item that is being selected, and also alternately turns on and off the 
notebook picture and the letters "CL". At this time, the UP/DOWN lever 28 
is turned to select one or all of the four modes in which the learning 
function is effective, and the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed to complete the 
setting for clearing data. When the clearing of learned data is set, the 
notebook picture is turned off, and the letters "CL" are continuously 
turned on as shown in FIG. 70B. The clearing of learned data is set in 
step S2813 shown in FIG. 26, and displayed in step S1927 shown in FIG. 
19B. 
SELECTION OF EXPOSURE MODE 
FIGS. 71A through 71E show data that are displayed on the external display 
LCD panel 34 when the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned while the mode button 40 
is being pressed when the main button 36 is in the PICT position. The 
displayed data shown in FIGS. 71A, 71B, 71C, 71D, and 71E correspond 
respectively to the green mode, the portrait mode, the landscape mode, the 
moving subject mode, and the close up mode. 
FIG. 71F shows displayed data on the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 in the 
portrait, landscape, and close up modes. FIG. 71G shows displayed data on 
the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 in the moving subject mode. In the 
green mode, data is displayed on the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 in 
the same manner as in FIG. 76A. 
DISPLAY EXAMPLE OF EXPOSURE CORRECTION IN PICT MODE 
FIGS. 72A and 72B show, by way of example, data displayed when the main 
button 36 is in the PICT position, e.g., when the portrait mode is 
selected. 
FIG. 72A shows the displayed data on the viewfinder display LCD panel 62. 
The amount of a program shift is displayed by graduations and dots. The Tv 
and Av values that have been calculated based on the shifted program are 
displayed in an upper region. FIG. 72B shows the displayed data on the 
external display LCD panel 34. The external display LCD panel 34 also 
displays, in addition to the data displayed on the viewfinder display LCD 
panel 62, the count of a frame counter, and the pictures representing the 
drive mode (photographing mode) and the AE mode. 
When the hyper button S2 is pressed, an exposure correction is displayed. 
FIGS. 73A and 73B show data displayed on the viewfinder display LCD panel 
62 and the external display LCD panel 34 when an exposure correction is 
carried out. In the illustrated example, the exposure correction has a 
value of -2.0 Ev. Each of the graduations on the display panels 
corresponds to 0.5 Ev, and the central graduation corresponds to a 
exposure correction value of 0. In this example, a dot is continuously 
turned on at the negative end of the graduated scale. The external display 
LCD panel 34 also numerically displays the exposure correction value -2.0. 
The exposure correction value that can be displayed as a graph ranges from 
-2.0 Ev to +2.0 Ev. However, the exposure correction value that can be set 
ranges from -3.0 Ev to +3.0 Ev in excess of the graph range (see FIG. 28). 
If the exposure correction value exceeds the range that can be displayed 
on the graph, then it is indicated by turning on and off the black-dot 
marks at the ends of the graph. In FIGS. 74A and 74B, the exposure 
correction value is -2.5 Ev. In this case, the black dot at the negative 
end of the graduated scale is alternately turned on and off. 
FIGS. 75A and 75B show, by way of example, an exposure mode that is 
displayed when the hyper button 52 is released after the exposure 
correction value has been set. In this example, the "-" mark indicating 
that the exposure correction value is negative is continuously turned on. 
If the Tv/Av button 30 is pressed while the hyper button 52 is being 
pressed, then the exposure correction value that has been set is reset to 
"0". 
DISPLAY EXAMPLE OF EXPOSURE CORRECTION IN PROGRAM MODE 
FIGS. 76A and 76B show data normally displayed when the exposure mode is 
the program mode. FIGS. 77A and 77B show data displayed during the setting 
of an exposure correction whilst the exposure mode is the program mode. 
FIGS. 78A and 78B show the data displayed after an exposure correction 
value has been set whilst the exposure mode is the program mode. The 
normally displayed data does not contain data displayed using graduations 
and dots. However, once an exposure correction value is set, the 
correction value is displayed as a graph in addition to the normally 
displayed data. For the exposure correction in the program mode, exposure 
correction values can also be displayed beyond the range that can be 
displayed by the graph by alternately turning on and off a black dot that 
is at an end of the graph. The black dot that is alternately turned on and 
off is also displayed in addition to the normally displayed data when the 
hyper button 52 is released. 
In the program mode, a program shift can also be made (not illustrated). If 
the program is shifted, then overlines are displayed over the letters "Tv" 
and "Av" on the external display LCD panel 34, and underlines are 
displayed below the Tv and Av values on the viewfinder LCD panel 62. If 
the amount of a program shift is 0, then no overlines and underlines are 
displayed. 
DISPLAY EXAMPLE OF EXPOSURE CORRECTION IN AUTOMATIC MODE 
FIGS. 79A and 79B show data normally displayed when the exposure mode is 
the automatic mode. FIGS. 80A and 80B show data displayed during an 
exposure correction whilst the exposure mode is the automatic mode. FIGS. 
81A and 81B show data displayed after an exposure correction value has 
been set whilst the exposure mode is the automatic mode. The normally 
displayed data does not contain data displayed using graduations and dots. 
The external display LCD 84 can display an arcuate line over the letters 
"Tv" or "Av", as illustrated, to indicate which of the Tv and Av values 
has been altered by the UP/DOWN lever 28, i.e., which of the shutter speed 
preference mode or the aperture preference mode has been selected. The 
viewfinder display LCD panel 62 displays, as illustrated, an line below 
the Tv or Av value for indicating the same information. Which of the Tv or 
Av values is to be altered can be set by the Tv/Av button 30. 
The display of exposure correction in the automatic mode is the same as 
that in the program mode. For the exposure correction in the automatic 
mode, exposure correction values can also be displayed beyond the range 
that can be displayed on the graph by alternately turning on and off a 
black dot that is at an end of the graph. The black dot that is 
alternately turned on and off is also displayed in addition to the 
normally displayed data when the hyper button 52 is released. 
GRAPH DISPLAY IN MANUAL MODE 
FIGS. 82A and 82B show data displayed when seating a Tv value with the 
UP/DOWN lever 28 when the exposure mode is the manual mode. FIGS. 83A and 
83B show data displayed when setting an Av value with the UP/DOWN lever 28 
when the exposure mode is the manual mode. FIGS. 84A and 84B show data 
displayed when the manually set exposure value corresponds to an 
appropriate exposure value, based on the light measuring process 
calculated by the camera, when the exposure mode is the manual mode. 
In the manual mode, if the Tv value can be altered with the UP/DOWN lever 
28, an arcuate overline is displayed over the letters "Tv" displayed on 
the external display LCD panel 34, and an underline is displayed below the 
Tv value displayed on the viewfinder display LCD panel 62 (FIGS. 82A and 
82B). In FIGS. 83A and 83B, an arcuate overline and an underline is 
displayed above the letters "Av" and below the Av value. In the manual 
mode, although no exposure correction is made, a graph is displayed with 
graduations and dots in addition to the normal display data. In the camera 
of this embodiment, AE calculations are carried out even in the manual 
mode. The central position on the displayed graduations serves as a 
calculated optimum exposure value. If the exposure setting indicates an 
excessive out of range exposure value, then dots are displayed on the "+" 
side of the graduations. In as much as one graduation corresponds to 0.5 
Ev, the exposure setting shown in FIGS. 82A and 82B indicates an excessive 
exposure value of 1.0 Ev. The graduations allow dots to be displayed in 
the range from -2.0 Ev to +2.0 Ev with the optimum exposure value at the 
range center. If an exposure setting is in excess of that range, the "-" 
mark is alternately turned on and off, indicating an insufficient exposure 
value outside of the range, as shown in FIGS. 83C and 83D. Radial lines 
around the "-" mark in FIGS. 83C and 83D show that the "-" mark is 
alternately turned on and off. When the exposure setting indicates an 
excessive exposure value, then the "+" mark is alternately turned on and 
off. 
FIGS. 84A and 84B show displayed data indicating that a manual exposure 
value setting and a calculated exposure value are the same as each other. 
To equalize the manual exposure value setting to the calculated exposure 
value, the UP/DOWN lever 28 is turned to alter the setting in order to 
reduce the number of dots that are displayed. In addition, an optimum 
exposure value that is calculated is set when the hyper button 52 is 
pressed in the manual mode. 
AE CALCULATIONS 
An AE (automatic exposure mode) calculation subroutine that is called in 
step S1323 in the RESTART process shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B and in step 
S1405 in the shutter release process shown in FIG. 14 will be described 
below with reference to FIGS. 41A, 41B, 41C, and 41D. 
In this embodiment, the exposure modes of green mode, portrait mode, 
landscape mode, moving subject mode, and close up mode can be selected 
when the main button 38 is in the PICT position and the PICT switch 110b 
is turned on. Other exposure modes include a normal program mode (a normal 
program automatic exposure mode in which a shutter speed and an aperture 
are automatically set based on the result of a photometric process), an 
automatic mode (a shutter speed preference automatic exposure mode for 
automatic lens operation in which an aperture is automatically set based 
on a manually set shutter speed and the result of a photometric process, 
or an aperture preference automatic exposure mode for automatic lens 
operation in which a shutter speed is automatically set based on a 
manually set aperture and the result of a photometric process), and a 
manual exposure mode. Although not shown, the exposure mode also includes 
a bulb exposure mode for manual lens operation. 
In the AE process, the RAM of the body side CPU 20 is initialized, and 
various flags relating to the photometric process are also initialized. 
Thereafter, a lens correction calculation subroutine is called (S4101 
through S4105). In the lens correction calculation subroutine, a lens 
correction calculation process is carried out based on various lens data, 
according to the type of the lens system, which data will have been 
supplied from the lens-side CPU 22 (FIG. 11) in "lens communications" in 
the RESTART process shown in FIG. 13A. 
Then, subject luminance data detected by each of sensors (photodetector 94) 
for divided photometry, converted by the A/D converter 98, is converted 
into a subject luminance Bv suitable for calculations. A light intensity 
Lv' from each sensor is determined from the subject luminance Bv and a 
lens correction value is calculated in step S4105, and then one light 
intensity Lv' suitable for the subject is calculated according to a 
divided photometric algorithm (S4107 through S4111). 
Thereafter, a light intensity Lv' determined based on a film sensitivity Sv 
that has been converted for calculations and an exposure correction value 
Xv for calculations, and values corresponding to a presently set AE mode 
(number) are put in X (S4113, S4115). 
Coefficients a, b, TvL1, etc. corresponding to each AE mode put in X are 
set in step S4117. These coefficients a, b, TvL1, etc. are stored in the 
ROM of the body side CPU 20, and are read into the RAM as necessary. 
In the portrait mode, the program line schematically shown in FIG. 48A, and 
into which control branches off with X=1, 2/8 is put in as the coefficient 
a, which represents the gradient of the program line, and 56/8 is put in 
as the coefficient b. Furthermore, a hand induced vibration limit Tvf is 
put in as a first Tv boundary TvL1, an optimum Av value Avf is put in as a 
first Av boundary AvL1, and a minimum aperture AvMIN is put in a second Av 
boundary AvL2. Then, a program calculation subroutine is called in step 
S4143. 
In the landscape mode, the program line schematically shown in FIG. 49A and 
control branches off with X=2, 2/8 is put in as the coefficient a, and a 
"landscape coefficient b" is put in as the coefficient b. The "landscape 
coefficient b" is determined by: 
EQU (6/8).times.Tvf-(2/8).times.(AvMIN+1). 
A minimum shutter speed TvMIN is put in the first Tv boundary TvL1, the 
minimum aperture AvMIN+1 is put in as the first Av boundary AvL1, and the 
minimum aperture AvMIN is put in as the second Av boundary AvL2. Then, the 
program calculation subroutine is called in step S4143. 
In the moving subject mode, the program line schematically shown in FIG. 
50A, and into which control branches off with X=3, 2/8 is put in as the 
coefficient a, and 56/8 is put in as the coefficient b. Furthermore, the 
hand induced vibration limit Tvf+1 is put in as the first Tv boundary 
TvL1, the minimum aperture AvMIN+1 is put in as the first Av boundary 
AvL1, and the minimum aperture AvMIN is put in as the second Av boundary 
AvL2. Then, the program calculation subroutine is called in step S4143. 
In the close up mode, the program line of which is schematically shown in 
FIG. 51A, into which control branches off with X=4, 2/8 is put in as the 
coefficient a, and 86/8 is put in as the coefficient b. Furthermore, the 
hand induced vibration limit Tvf is put in as the first Tv boundary TvL1, 
Av6 (F=8) is put in as the first Av boundary AvL1, and the minimum 
aperture AvMIN+1 is put in as the second Av boundary AvL2. Then, the 
program calculation subroutine is called in step S4143. 
In the program calculation subroutine that is called in step S4143, a 
control Tv value and a control Av value that are actually used for control 
are calculated based on the Tv and Av values and the coefficients a and b 
that are set for each mode (S4119 through S4133 and S4143). 
If control branches off into the green mode with X=0, then a program shift 
inhibit flag is set to "1", inhibiting the program line from being 
shifted, and a normal program subroutine is called (S4135, S4137). In this 
normal program subroutine, a control Tv value and a control Av value that 
are actually used for control are calculated. 
If control branches off into the normal program mode with X=5, then the 
program shift inhibit flag is not set to "1", and the normal program 
subroutine is called (S4187). 
If control branches off into the automatic mode with X=8, an automatic 
calculation subroutine is called (S4189). If control branches off into the 
manual mode with X=7, a manual calculation subroutine is called (S4141). 
Whether the determined control Tv and control Av values, determined 
according to the mode selected in step S4117, can be used for control or 
not is checked by a CHK.sub.-- TvAv subroutine that is called. If they 
exceed a controllable range, they are converted into a maximum or minimum 
value (S4145). The number of EE pulses is then determined based on the Tv 
and Av values that are finally determined according to the CHK.sub.-- TvAv 
subroutine, and data indicative of whether the external flash bulb is to 
be energized or not, how much intensity of light the external flash bulb 
is to emit, and whether a rear blind is to be synchronized or not, are 
transmitted to the external flash bulb (S4147, S4149). The EE pulses are 
used to stop down the aperture depending on the aperture Av for control. 
Subsequently, TTL data is set to stop the emission from the flash bulb in 
response to a quench signal in flash photography, after which control 
returns. 
The normal program routine in step S4137 shown in FIG. 41C will be 
described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 52A. A program 
diagram explaining the normal program subroutine is shown in FIG. 52B, by 
way of example, and has the following features: 
(1) The hand induced vibration limit Tvf (=TvL1) is set. 
(2) It is set so as to be positioned between a program line (see FIG. 49B) 
relative to the landscape mode which attaches importance to the depth of 
field, and a program line (see FIG. 50B) relative to the moving subject 
mode which attaches importance to the shutter speed. 
(3) When the hand induced vibration limit Tvf (=TvL1) is exceeded, it is 
possible to make a program shift by at least one step. 
Hand induced vibrations are liable to occur near the hand induced vibration 
limit Tvf (=TvL1) when f=80 mm and f=28 mm in FIG. 52B. Therefore, in a 
low Ev range where Tv&lt;Tvf, the shutter speed is fixed at the hand induced 
vibration limit Tvf and the aperture is opened up to the minimum aperture 
value. When the aperture is opened, the shutter speed is reduced while 
keeping the aperture open. The hand induced vibration limit Tvf (=TvL1) at 
this time is put in as the variable TvL1 and processed. 
In the normal program subroutine, a fv calculation subroutine shown in FIG. 
42A is called to determine a converted focal length fv into which a focal 
length f has been converted depending on an apex value. 
Then, in step S5203, a calculation Tv is determined according to: 
EQU Tv=(3/8).times.light intensity Lv+normal coefficient b 
where the normal coefficient b=(5/8)Tvf -(3/8)(AvMIN+1). This formula is 
effective to move the program line in the direction of the shutter axis as 
the normal coefficient b varies while the gradient is kept fixed in the 
program diagram, as shown in FIG. 52B for example. 
Then, it is determined whether the calculation Tv is greater than the 
maximum shutter speed TvMAX or not. If the calculation Tv is greater than 
the maximum shutter speed TvMAX, then the maximum shutter speed TvMAX is 
stored in the RAM of the body side CPU 20, and a Tv-over flag is set to 
"1" indicating that the maximum shutter speed TvMAX is substituted for the 
calculation Tv though a shutter speed to be actually set is higher (S5205, 
S5219, S5221). Then, a CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine shown in FIG. 44 is called 
to determine an appropriate calculation Av corresponding to the varied 
calculation Tv (S5223). Thereafter, and when Av under is set to "0", 
control goes to step S5215. If the calculation Tv is equal to or smaller 
than the maximum shutter speed TvMAX in step S5205, then the calculation 
Tv is compared with the hang induced vibration limit Tvf. If the 
calculation Tv is smaller than the hand induced vibration limit Tvf, then 
the hand induced vibration limit Tvf is stored as the calculation Tv in 
the RAM (S5207, S5225), and control thereafter goes to step S5209. If the 
calculation Tv is greater than the hand induced vibration limit Tvf in 
step S5207, then control goes to step S5209. 
The step S5209 calls the CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine shown in FIG. 44 to 
determine an appropriate calculation Av corresponding to the varied 
calculation Tv, after which control goes to step S5211. The step S5211 
checks an AV-over flag. If the Av-over flag is set to "1", then a 
CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine is called to determine an appropriate calculation 
Tv corresponding to the varied calculation Av (S5227). Thereafter, control 
goes to the step S5215. If the Av-over flag is set to "0", then control 
goes to step S5213 which checks an Av-under flag. If the Av-under flag is 
set to "1", then the CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine is called to determine an 
appropriate calculation Tv corresponding to the varied calculation Av 
(S5227). Thereafter, control goes to the step S5215. 
In step S5215, a normal P shift calculation subroutine shown in FIG. 46-I 
and 46-II is called to check whether there is a program shift or not. More 
specifically, the amount of a program shift that has been set by the user 
with the UP/DOWN lever 28 is put as the amount of an entire program shift 
in step S4601, and a P shift direction bit that has been set depending on 
the direction in which the program shift is made is put as an entire P 
shift direction bit. Control then goes to step S4603 which checks a P 
shift inhibit flag. Since no program shift is made in the green mode in 
this embodiment, the P shift inhibit flag has been set to "1" when the 
green mode has been selected with X=0 in the AE calculations shown in 
FIGS. 41A, 41B, 41C, 41D. Therefore, as no program shift is recognized, 
control returns from step S4603. In the normal program (P) mode, a program 
shift can be made. Thus, when this mode is selected with X=5, the step 
S4135 is Jumped, and the P shift inhibit flag is not set to "1". 
Therefore, a program shift is recognized, and control proceeds to the next 
step without returning from the step S4603. 
In step S5217, the calculation Tv is converted into a value that will 
actually be used for control, and stored as a control Tv in the RAM of the 
body-side CPU 20, and the calculation Av is converted into a value that 
will actually be used for control, and stored as a control Av in the RAM 
of the body-side CPU 20. 
The automatic calculation subroutine in step S4139 shown in FIG. 41C will 
be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 58. First, step 
S5801 checks a TrAv mode flag to be set in step S2521 in the data U/D 
subroutine shown in FIG. 25. If the TrAv mode flag is set to "1", then it 
is recognized that the aperture preference mode is selected, and control 
proceeds to step S5311. If the TvAv mode flag is set to "0", then it is 
recognized that the shutter speed preference mode is selected, and control 
proceeds to step S5303. 
In the shutter speed preference mode, a manually set setting Tv is put in 
as the control Tv which will actually be used for control (S5303). The 
setting Tv is converted into a value for calculations and put in as the 
calculation Tv. The CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine is called to determine an 
appropriate calculation Av corresponding to the calculation Tv, and the 
calculation Av is put in as the control Av (S5305 through S5809), after 
which control returns. In the aperture preference mode, a manually set 
setting Av is put in as the control Av (S5311), and the setting Av is put 
in as the calculation Av. The CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine is called to 
determine an appropriate calculation Tv corresponding to the calculation 
Av, and the calculation Tv is put in as the control Tv (S5313 through 
S5317), after which control returns. 
The manual calculation subroutine in step S4141 shown in FIG. 41C will be 
described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 54. First, step 
S5401 checks the TvAv mode flag to be set in step S2521 in the data U/D 
subroutine shown in FIG. 25. If the TvAv mode flag is set to "1", then 
since an aperture value can be set with the UP/DOWN lever 28, control 
proceeds to step S5419. If the TvAv mode flag is set to "0", then since a 
shutter speed can be set with the UP/DOWN lever 28, control proceeds to 
step S5403. 
To set a shutter speed, the setting Tv that has been set with a 1/2-series 
value processed in 1/2 steps is put in as the control Tv, and the setting 
Av that has been set with a similar 1/2-series value is put in as the 
control Av (S5403, S5405). Then, It is determined whether the hyper 
(exposure correction) button 52 is pressed or not. If the hyper button 52 
is not pressed, control returns with the 1/2-series value. In this case, 
frames are exposed with the control Tv, Av based on the manually set value 
that is processed in 1/2 steps. 
If the hyper switch 88 is turned on in order to obtain an appropriate 
exposure value based on the photometric value, then the setting Tv of the 
1/2-series value is converted into a calculation Tv that is processed in 
1/8 steps. The CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine is called to determine an 
appropriate calculation Av corresponding to the calculation Tv, and the 
calculation Av is processed in 1/8 steps and is put in as the control Av 
which will actually be used for control (S5409 through S5418). In the 
manual exposure mode, therefore, when the shutter is released while the 
hyper button 52 is pressed to turn on the hyper switch 88, frames can be 
exposed based on a value that has been calculated by the body-side CPU 20 
in highly accurate 1/8 steps. 
The calculation Av is put in the setting Av and processed into a 1/2-series 
value (S5415 through S5417), after which control returns. Therefore, the 
Av value is subsequently manually increased or reduced as a 1/2-series 
value as it can be set manually too. 
The processing of the calculation Av into a 1/2-series value means the 
rounding of a calculated apex value to 1/2 steps of an apex value that can 
be manually set because values are processed in 1/2 steps in manual 
calculations whereas values are processed in 1/8 steps in automatic 
calculations, i.e., because the steps of an apex value that are set by 
automatic calculations by the body-side CPU 20 are smaller than the steps 
of an apex value that can manually be set. 
To manually set an aperture, the setting Av that has been set with a 
1/2-series value is processed in 1/2 steps and is put in as the control 
Av, and the setting Tv that has been set with a similar 1/2-series value 
is put in the control Tv (S5419, S5421). Then, it is determined whether 
the hyper button 52 is pressed or not. If the hyper switch 88 is not 
turned on, control returns with the 1/2-series value. In this case, frames 
are exposed with the control Av, Tv based on the manually set value that 
is processed in 1/2 steps. 
If the hyper switch 88 is turned on, then the setting Av of the 1/2-series 
value is converted into a calculation Av that is processed in 1/8 steps. 
The CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine is called to determine an appropriate 
calculation Tv corresponding to the calculation Av, and the calculation Av 
is processed in 1/8 steps and is put in as the control Av which will 
actually be used for control (S5425 through S5429). In the manual exposure 
mode, therefore, when the shutter is released while the hyper button 52 is 
pressed to turn on the hyper switch 88, frames can be exposed based on a 
value that has been calculated by the body-side CPU 20 in highly accurate 
1/8 steps. 
The calculation Tv is put in the setting Av and processed into a 1/2-series 
value (S5431 through S5433), after which control returns. Therefore, the 
Av value is subsequently manually increased or reduced as a 1/2-series 
value. 
PROGRAM CALCULATIONS SUBROUTINE 
The program calculations subroutine in step S4148 shown in FIG. 41B will be 
described below with reference to the flowchart of FIGS. 42A and 42B. In 
this subroutine, the calculation Tv and the calculation Av are determined 
depending on one of the portrait, landscape, moving subject, and close up 
modes that is set by the mode setting process, and converted into the 
control Tv and the control Av, respectively, which will actually be used 
for control. 
First, the fv calculation subroutine is called in step S4201. In the fv 
calculation subroutine, a focal length f supplied from the focal length 
detecting mechanism 102 for the lens system 12 is converted into a value 
that can be utilized as an apex value, and a converted focal length fv is 
determined according to the equation: 
EQU fv=log(focal length f)/log 2. 
Then, the Tvf calculation subroutine is called, and a hand induced 
vibration limit Tvf of the shutter speed is determined (S4203) according 
to the equation: 
EQU Tvf=(3/4).times.fv+2. 
Then, the Avf calculation subroutine is called, and a photographing optimum 
Av value Avf is determined (S4205) according to the equations: 
EQU Avf=AvMIN+1+Avf shift 
EQU Avf shift=(5/4).times.(6.5-fv). 
where, 
EQU 0.ltoreq.Avf shift.ltoreq.2. 
The photographing optimum Av value Avf is a value to determine an optimum 
aperture based on the focal length when a picture is to be taken with a 
blurred background or in sharp focus with a large depth of field, i.e., an 
absolute value indicative of how much the aperture is to be reduced from 
an open aperture. 
In step S4207, a calculation Tv is determined according to the formula: 
EQU coefficient a.times.light intensity Lv+coefficient b' 
using the coefficients a, b corresponding to the AE modes that are set in 
steps S4119 through S4133 shown in FIG. 41B. 
The calculation Tv determined at a predetermined focal length in the 
selected mode, is compared with the minimum shutter speed TvMIN and the 
maximum shutter speed TvMAX that are inherent to the camera (S4209, 
S4211). If the calculation Tv is smaller than the minimum shutter speed 
TvMIN, then the minimum shutter speed TvMIN is put in as the calculation 
Tv, and a Tv-under flag is set to "1" indicating that the minimum shutter 
speed TvMIN is set though a shutter speed slower than the minimum shutter 
speed TvMIN should be set (S4213), after which control goes to step S4217. 
If the calculation Tv is larger than the maximum shutter speed TvMAX, then 
the maximum shutter speed TvMAX is put in as the calculation Tv, and a 
Tv-over flag is set to "1" indicating that the maximum shutter speed TvMAX 
is set though a shutter speed faster than the maximum shutter speed TvMAX 
should be set (S4215), after which control goes to the step S4217. 
If the calculation Tv at a predetermined focal length in the selected mode 
is larger than the minimum shutter speed TvMIN in step S4209 and smaller 
than the maximum shutter speed TvMAX in step S4211, then both the Tv-under 
flag and the Tv-over flag are not set to "1", and control goes directly to 
the step S4217. In step S4217, the CAL.sub.-- Av (Av calculation) 
subroutine shown in FIG. 44 is called to determine an appropriate 
calculation Av corresponding to the calculation Tv based on the Tv 
calculation. 
Step S4219 checks whether the calculation Av determined in the CAL.sub.-- 
Av subroutine is of a value in excess of the first Av boundary AvL1 
calculated in the selected mode or not. If the calculation Av exceeds the 
first Av boundary AvL1, then control jumps to step S4243 in which a P 
shift calculation process is executed to check the direction and amount of 
a program shift and determine a calculation Tv and a calculation Av that 
are suitable for the program to be shifted. If the calculation Av is equal 
to or smaller than the first Av boundary AvL1, then control goes to step 
S4221 in which the first Av boundary AvL1 is put in as the calculation Av. 
Since the Av value is thus determined, the CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine (FIG. 
43) is called to determine a Tv value depending on the calculation Av 
(S4223). 
Step S4225 checks whether the calculation Tv determined in step S4223 is 
greater than the first Tv boundary TvL1 calculated in step S4203. If the 
calculation Tv exceeds the first Tv boundary TvL1, then control jumps to 
the step S4243 in which the P shift calculation process is executed to 
check the direction and amount of a program shift and determine a 
calculation Tv and a calculation Av that are suitable for the program to 
be shifted. If the calculation Tv is equal to or smaller than the first Tv 
boundary TvL1, then control goes to step S4227 in which the first Tv 
boundary TvL1 is put in as the calculation Tv. Since the Tv value is thus 
determined, the CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine is called again in step S4229 to 
determine an Av value depending on the calculation Tv. 
Then, step S4231 checks whether the calculation Av is larger than the 
second Av boundary AvL2. If the calculation Av exceeds the second Av 
boundary AvL2, then control jumps to the step S4243. If not, then control 
proceeds to step S4233 in which the second Av boundary AvL2 is set as the 
calculation Av. Since the Av value is thus determined, the CAL.sub.-- Tv 
subroutine is called again in step S4235 to determine a calculation Tv 
depending on the calculation Av. Thereafter, the calculation Tv is 
compared with the minimum shutter speed TvMIN (S4237). If the calculation 
Tv is larger than the minimum shutter speed TvMIN, then control jumps to 
the step S4243. If not, then control proceeds to step S4239 in which the 
minimum shutter speed TvMIN is put in as the calculation Tv. Since the Tv 
value is thus determined, the CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine is called again in 
step S4241 to determine a calculation Av depending on the calculation Tv. 
In step S4243, the P (program) shift calculation subroutine is called to 
determine the amount of shift of a program line that has previously been 
stored in the ROM. Then, the calculation Tv is set as the control Tv which 
will actually be used for control, and the calculation Av is set as the 
control Av which will actually be used for control (S4245), after which 
control returns. 
CAL.sub.-- Tv SUBROUTINE 
The CAL.sub.-- Tv (Tv calculation) subroutine for setting an appropriate Tv 
value and limiting the Tv value to a controllable range will be described 
below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 48. First, the Tv-under flag 
and the Tv-over flag are cleared (S4301), and a value determined according 
to the formula: 
EQU light intensity Lv-calculation Av, 
is put in as the calculation Tv (S4308). 
The above calculation Tv is compared with the minimum shutter speed TvMIN 
and the maximum shutter speed TvMAX that are inherent to the camera 
(S4305, S4307). If the calculation Tv is smaller than the minimum shutter 
speed TvMIN, then the minimum shutter speed TvMIN is set as the 
calculation Tv, and the Tv-under flag is set to "1" indicating that the 
minimum shutter speed TvMIN is set though a shutter speed slower than the 
minimum shutter speed TvMIN should actually be set (S4309), after which 
control returns. If the calculation Tv is larger than the maximum shutter 
speed TvMAX, then the maximum shutter speed TvMAX is set as the 
calculation Tv, and the Tv-over flag is set to "1" indicating that the 
maximum shutter speed TvMAX is set though a shutter speed faster than the 
maximum shutter speed TvMAX should actually be set (S4311), after which 
control returns. 
If the calculation Tv is equal to or larger than the minimum shutter speed 
TvMIN in step S4305, then control goes to the step S4307. If the 
calculation Tv is equal to or smaller than the maximum shutter speed 
TvMAX, then control returns. Therefore, the CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine 
limits the shutter speed used in the AE calculation program shift to a 
controllable range. 
CAL.sub.-- Av SUBROUTINE 
The CAL.sub.-- Av (Av calculation) subroutine for setting an appropriate Av 
value and limiting the Av value to a controllable range will be described 
below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 44. First, the Av-under flag 
and the Av-over flag are cleared in step S4401, and a value determined 
according to the formula: 
EQU light intensity Lv-calculation Tv is set as the calculation Av (S4403). 
The above calculation Av is compared with the minimum aperture AvMIN and 
the maximum aperture AvMAX (S4405, S4407). If the calculation Av is 
smaller than the minimum aperture AvMIN, then the minimum aperture AvMIN 
is set as the calculation Av, and the Av-under flag is set to "1" 
indicating that the minimum aperture AvMIN is set though the aperture 
should actually be smaller (S4409), after which control returns. If the 
calculation Av is larger than the maximum aperture AvMAX, then the maximum 
aperture AvMAX is set as the calculation Av, and the Av-over flag is set 
to "1" indicating that the maximum aperture AvMAX is set though the 
aperture should actually be larger (S4411), after which control returns. 
If the calculation Av is equal to or larger than the minimum aperture AvMIN 
in step S4405, then control goes to the step S4407. If the calculation Av 
is equal to or smaller than the maximum aperture AvMAX, then control 
returns. Therefore, the CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine limits the shutter speed 
used in the AE calculation program shift to a controllable range. 
P SHIFT CALCULATIONS SUBROUTINE 
The P (program) shift calculations subroutine shown in FIG. 42B will be 
described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 46-I and 46-II. 
First, a sub-P shift calculation subroutine is called to determine the 
amount and direction of a shift of a learned program line in step S4601. 
When the direction and the amount of an entire program shift has been 
determined, the P shift inhibit flag is checked (S4603). If the P shift 
inhibit flag is set to "1", then control returns, and no program shift is 
made. If the P shift inhibit flag is set to "0", then control proceeds to 
step S4605 which checks whether the amount of an entire program shift is 0 
or not. If the amount of an entire program shift is 0, i.e., if the 
program line is not to be shifted, then control returns. If the program 
line is to be shifted, then the entire P shift direction bit is checked to 
determine the direction of a program shift (S4607). 
If the entire P shift direction bit is set to "1" so that the direction of 
the program shift is negative, e.g., the program line shown in FIGS. 48A 
and 48B is to be shifted upwardly to the left, then a value produced by 
subtracting the amount of an entire program shift from the calculation Tv 
is set as the calculated Tv, thus setting the shutter speed to a slower 
value (S4323). Then, step S4325 determines whether the calculated Tv Is 
smaller than the minimum shutter speed TvMIN or not. If smaller, then the 
minimum shutter speed TvMIN is set to the calculation Tv (S4627), then 
control goes to step S4615. If not, then control goes directly to step 
S4615. 
If the entire P shift direction bit is set to "0" so that the direction of 
the program shift is positive, e.g., the program line shown in FIGS. 48A 
and 48B is to be shifted downwardly to the right, then a value produced by 
adding the amount of an entire program shift to the calculation Tv is set 
to the calculation TV. Thus, the shutter speed is set to a faster value 
(S4609). Then, step S4611 determines whether the calculation Tv is larger 
than the maximum shutter speed TvMAX or not. If larger, then the maximum 
shutter speed TvMAX is set to the calculation Tv (S4613), and control goes 
to step S4615. If not, control goes directly to step S4615. 
In step S4615, the CAL.sub.-- Av subroutine shown in FIG. 44 is called to 
calculate the calculation Av. Then, the Av-over flag and the Av-under flag 
are checked in respective steps S4617, S4619. If the Av-over flag is set 
to "1" or if the Av-under flag is set to "1", control goes to step S4621 
in which the CAL.sub.-- Tv subroutine is called to calculate a Tv value 
corresponding to the calculation Av at the time. If both the Av-over flag 
and the Av-under flag are set to "0", then control returns. 
The program line shown in FIG. 48B shows in greater detail the program line 
for the portrait mode as described above with reference to FIG. 48A. The 
program line has the following features: 
(1) The first hand induced vibration limit Tvf (=TvL1) is set for each of 
the wide and telephoto settings. 
(2) The wide range is set for photographing a group of people and a person 
in a landscape, and allows both the person and the landscape to be 
photographed in sharp focus when the aperture diameter is reduced. 
(3) The telephoto range is set for photographing a portrait and a bust, and 
allows a person to be photographed in focus when the aperture is open. 
(4) The aperture control level is reversed in a normal photographing range. 
As described above, the program line in the portrait mode is set such that 
the aperture is open for shutter speeds ranging from a low shutter speed 
range to a hand induced vibration limit for the wide and telephoto 
settings, and the shutter speed is fixed and the aperture is varied to a 
predetermined value at the hand induced vibration limit. Therefore, the 
camera is suitable for photographing people in general as well as 
portraits, with the program line in the portrait mode being set taking 
into account the prevention of hand induced vibrations. The aperture at 
the hand induced vibration limit can be reduced by three steps for the 
wide range, and can be reduced by one step for the telephoto range. 
Accordingly, the wide range can be set for photographing a group of people 
and a person in a landscape, allowing both the person and the landscape to 
be in sharp focus when the aperture is reduced. 
The program line shown in FIG. 49B shows in greater detail the program line 
for the landscape mode as shown in FIG. 49A. The program line has the 
following features: 
(1) It allows the camera to take pictures of close and distant subjects in 
focus regardless of the focal length. 
(2) In a low luminance range, the aperture preference mode is selected for 
reducing the aperture one step from the open aperture for each of the wide 
and telephoto settings, and the aperture is reduced to the minimum 
aperture from the second hand induced vibration limit fv. 
(3) By reducing the aperture one step from the open aperture, a shortage of 
brightness at the edge of the image field is eliminated, and the image 
performance is improved. 
As described above, the program line for the landscape mode is set such 
that the aperture is reduced one step from the open aperture at the focal 
length regardless of the focal length for shutter speeds ranging from the 
low shutter speed range to the hand induced vibration limit. For example, 
at the focal length of 28 mm, the aperture is reduced one step from AvL2 
which is the open aperture for the focal length. 
The program line for the landscape mode is set such that it varies with a 
gradient of 6/2 in a portion G beyond the hand induced vibration limit. As 
described above, since the Tv value is given by: 
EQU Tv=coefficient a.times.light intensity Lv+coefficient b, 
and 2/8 is put in as the coefficient a in step S4128 in the landscape mode, 
the Tv value increases by 2/8 as the light intensity Lv increases by 1. 
Therefore, the Av and Tv values vary at a ratio of 6:2, i.e., the program 
line varies with a gradient of 6/2. In FIG. 49B, the numbers in 
parentheses indicate apex values corresponding to shutter speeds and 
apertures. The apex values have the same meaning as in FIGS. 48B, 50B, 
51B, 52B, and 55C. 
The program line shown in FIG. 50B shows in greater detail the program line 
for the moving subject mode as shown in FIG. 50A. The program line has the 
following feature: 
(1) It sets a third hand induced vibration limit Tvf+1 so that the hand 
induced vibration limit Tv is increased by one step with respect to the 
first hand induced vibration limit. 
The program line shown in FIG. 51B shows in greater detail the program line 
for the close up mode as shown in FIG. 51A. The program line has the 
following features: 
(1) In a low luminance range, the program line selects the aperture 
preference mode for reducing the aperture one step from the open aperture 
for each of the wide and telephoto settings. 
(2) From the hand induced vibration limit, the aperture is set to F8 
regardless of the focal length. 
As described above, the program line for the close up mode is set such that 
the aperture is fixed to a predetermined value at shutter speeds ranging 
from a low shutter speed range to the hand induced vibration limit, and 
the aperture is varied by about one step and set to F8 at the hand induced 
vibration limit, with the control being effected with F3 beyond the hand 
induced vibration limit. Therefore, the camera with the exposure mode can 
be used with a zoom lens having a macro range and also with a macro lens 
in the close up mode. 
In taking close ups, since the depth of field is reduced, the aperture is 
reduced excessively and the shutter speed is lowered, tending to cause 
hand induced vibrations and blurred subject images. With this embodiment, 
the shutter speed is fixed and the aperture is reduced by about one step 
at the hand induced vibration limit where hand induced vibrations are most 
likely to occur. Beyond the hand induced vibration limit, the control is 
carried out with a not so excessively reduced aperture, thereby reducing 
the occurrence of hand induced vibrations and blurred subject images. 
SUB-P SHIFT CALCULATION SUBROUTINE 
The sub-P shift calculation subroutine in step S4601 shown in FIG. 46-I 
will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 45. This 
subroutine determines the amount of shift of the origin and the amount of 
shift of the program line in the learning mode, i.e., the amount of a 
shift of the entire program. Additionally, it determines the former 
program shift direction. 
The five modes, i.e., the green mode, the portrait mode, the landscape 
mode, the moving subject mode, and the close up mode, can be selectively 
set when the PICT switch 110b is turned on. When the main button 36 is 
shifted to the PICT position, an AE mode digit from 0 to 4 is respectively 
assigned according to the table of FIG. 36. The subroutine P shift 
calculation, in which the subroutine sub-P shift calculation is called, in 
turn is called in step S4243 of the subroutine calculation. The subroutine 
program calculation is only called in step S4143 shown in FIG. 41B if a 
variable X consisting of the AE mode digit, is either 1, 2, 3, or 4. In 
order to assign four values of a variable from 0 to 3 to the four 
corresponding release modes, as shown in the data format representation of 
FIG. 58, the number ((AE mode)-1) is entered in step S4501 as variable X. 
The amount of shift of the origin and the origin direction bit which 
correspond to the read value are read from the RAM (S4503, S4505), and the 
P shift direction bit is checked to determine whether the direction of a 
program shift is positive or negative (S4507). If it is positive, then 
control lumps to step S4511. If it is negative, then the amount of a 
program shift is regarded as being negative, and is converted into a 
negative value, i.e., the absolute value thereof is converted into a 
negative value (S4509). 
Step S4511 then checks, from the origin direction bit, how the origin has 
been varied by the learning mode. If the direction of shift of the origin 
is negative, then the amount of shift of the origin is converted into a 
negative value (S4513), i.e., the absolute value thereof is converted into 
a negative value. If the direction of shift of the origin is positive, 
then the amount of shift of the origin is not converted, but is used as it 
is. 
The amount of shift of the origin is then added to the amount of program 
shift, thus determining the amount of an entire shift of the program line 
(S4515). Step S4517 then determines whether the amount of the entire shift 
is smaller than 0 or not. If smaller, then control proceeds to step S4519 
in which the amount of the entire program shift is converted into an 
absolute value, and the entire P shift direction bit is set to "1". If the 
amount of an entire shift is equal to or larger than 0 in step S4517, then 
control returns. The amount of the entire program shift is converted into 
an absolute value in step S4519 in order to prevent the values of exposure 
factors for calculations from becoming negative and the accuracy of each 
of the exposure factors is set to a 1/8 Ev step to facilitate apex 
calculations by way of additions and subtractions without taking 
calculation accuracy into account. 
CHK.sub.-- TvAv SUBROUTINE 
The CHK.sub.-- TvAv subroutine for detecting whether the calculation Tv and 
the calculation Av are out of limit values in step S4145 shown in FIG. 41D 
will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 47. First, 
step S4701 determines whether the control Tv value calculated in each mode 
is equal to the maximum shutter speed TvMAX or not. If equal, then a 
maximum shutter speed TvMAX flag is set to "1" (S4703). If not, then 
control jumps to step S4705. Step S4705 determines whether the control Tv 
value calculated in each mode is equal to the minimum shutter speed TvMIN 
or not. If equal, then a minimum shutter speed TvMIN flag is set to "1" 
(S4707). If not, then control jumps to step S4709. 
Step S4709 determines whether the control Av value calculated in each mode 
is equal to the maximum aperture AvMAX or not. If equal, then a maximum 
aperture AvMAX flag is set to "1" (S4711). If not, then control jumps to 
step S4713. Step S4713 determines whether the control Av value calculated 
in each mode is equal to the minimum aperture AvMIN or not. If equal, then 
a minimum aperture AvMIN flag is set to "1" (S4715). If not, then control 
returns. 
LEARNING 
A process relating to the learning mode of the present invention will be 
described below with reference to FIGS. 55 through 59 and FIGS. 85 through 
90. 
The learning mode of the present invention is concerned with the status of 
a program shift in the program exposure mode. More specifically, when the 
user releases the shutter while the program is being shifted according to 
the preference of the user, the number of times that the shutter releases 
with this preference is counted. When this count of the number of times 
reaches a predetermined number or more, data for shifting the program line 
in a shift direction by a predetermined amount is stored as learned data. 
After that data has been stored, a shutter speed and an aperture are set 
along what is then a substitute program line that has been learned. The 
learned program line is based on the learned data. Further programs shifts 
and learning of data for storing is effected with reference to the learned 
program line. 
The term "program shift" in this embodiment means moving a program line 
(default program line), which is obtained in a normal program exposure 
process, in a direction parallel to an exposure value Ev line to change a 
combination of a shutter speed and an aperture although the present 
invention is not limited to such a "program shift" and a plurality of 
substitute program lines could be stored. As an example of the specific 
embodiment, in the program diagram shown in FIG. 55C for a lens having an 
open F value of 3.5 and a minimum aperture F value of max. 22, when a 
default program line (3) as a reference program line is shifted in a 
positive direction by 0.5 Tv or 1.0 Tv, it becomes a program line (4) or 
(5). Conversely, when the default program line (3) is shifted in a 
negative direction by 0.5 Tv or 1.0 Tv, it becomes a program line (2) or 
(1). However, if the shutter speed or the aperture exceeds a controllable 
range, i.e., if Ev=9, since the program line (4) cannot be shifted further 
in the positive direction at this point as the aperture has reached an 
open aperture, no data is effectively learned. When a certain value is 
added to the shutter speed Tv, a certain value is subtracted from the 
aperture Av. 
Moving an origin on the default program line up to the learned program 
line, along the exposure value Ev line, is referred to as movement of the 
origin or shifting of the origin. The amount by which the shutter speed Tv 
is changed by the movement of the origin is referred to the amount of 
movement of the origin or the amount of shift of the origin. The direction 
from the default program line toward the learned program line is referred 
to as the direction of the origin, and that point, as on the learned 
substitute program line, is referred to as the learned origin. A program 
line moved in an origin direction by an origin shift amount with respect 
to a default program line is used in the learning mode as a reference 
program line with respect to a program shift. FIG. 55C shows a simple 
program diagram for an easier understanding of the program shift of the 
present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the 
illustrated program diagram. A program shift and data can be learned in 
each of the portrait mode, the landscape mode, the moving subject mode, 
and the close up mode of this embodiment. 
The single lens reflex camera is arranged such that the amount and 
direction of a program (P) shift are set by turning the UP/DOWN lever 28 
(UP, DOWN switches 78, 80) so that when the photometric switch 70 is 
turned on, a shutter speed Tv obtained in the normal program calculation 
process is varied by the amount of the program shift, and an appropriate 
aperture Av is calculated again, based on the changed shutter speed Tv and 
the appropriate exposure value Ev. 
In this embodiment, there is an independent learning function available in 
the four program exposure modes, i.e., the portrait mode, the landscape 
mode, the moving subject mode, and the close up mode, and the learning 
function is independently performed when any one of the four exposure 
modes is selected. 
FIGS. 58 and 59 show various data necessary for the learning function, 
areas of the EEPROM 106 and the RAM for storing such various data, data 
formats and their relationship, and a format of the RAM. The data 
necessary for the learning function includes the amount of shift of the 
origin, the direction of the origin, the learned number of times that the 
shutter is released, the previous learned direction, the amount of a 
program shift, and the direction of a program shift. 
The amount of a program shift is the absolute value of a shutter speed Tv 
to be shifted from a reference program line. The relatively higher shutter 
speeds (including a 0 change in shutter speed) are regarded as positive 
(+) and the relatively lower shutter speeds are regarded as negative (-) 
and are distinguished from each other using the P shift direction bit 
which is "0" when positive and "1" when negative. The reference program 
line is the learned substitute program line when the results of the 
learning mode are stored or is the default program line when no results of 
the learning mode have been stored. The amount of a shift of an origin is 
the difference between the shutter speed Tv of the shifted or learned 
program line that is stored and the shutter speed Tv of the default 
program line. The magnitude of the amount of a shift of the origin is 
indicated by its absolute value. When the learned program line is on the 
higher shutter speed side of the default program line, it is regarded as 
positive and when the learned program line is on the lower shutter speed 
side of the default program line, it is regarded as negative. These 
positive and negative conditions are distinguished from each other using 
the origin direction bit which is "0" when positive and "1" when negative. 
The learned number of shutter releases is counted each time an exposure is 
finished, provided that the present direction of a program shift is the 
same as the previous direction of program shift. The previous direction of 
program shift is distinguished using previous learned direction bits which 
are "01" when positive and "10" when negative. 
Memory areas for storing the four data, i.e., the amount of a shift of an 
origin, the origin direction bit, the learned number of times that the 
shutter is released, and the previous learned direction bits are 2 bytes 
{STDYCNT(X), GENPSFT(X)} in the EEPROM 108 and 2 bytes {STDYCNT(X), 
GENPSFT(X)} in the RAM for each of the program exposure mode. Furthermore, 
a common data area is provided by four bytes {ALLPSFT, SETPSFT, STDYCNT, 
and GENPSFT}. The amount of a program shift is stored using 0th through 
3th bits of SETPSFT. The direction of a program shift is stored using the 
7th bit of SETPSFT. The amount of a shift of the origin is stored using 
0th through 6th bits of GENPSFT. The origin direction bit is stored using 
the 7th bit of GENPSFT. The learned number of times that the shutter is 
released is stored using 0th through 5th bits of STDYCNT, and the previous 
learned direction bits are stored using 3th and 7th bits of STDYCNT. The 
amount of an entire program shift, i.e., the amount of a program shift 
from the origin, is stored using 0th through 6th bits of ALLPSFT, and the 
entire shift direction bit is stored using the 7th bit of ALLPSFT. 
LEARNING MODE DISPLAY DATA 
FIGS. 85 through 90 show display data on the external display LCD panel 34 
with respect to the status of a program shift and the status of a learning 
mode when EV=13. These display data are controlled based on the P shift 
display table shown in FIG. 31 according to the P shift graph display 
process shown in FIG. 29. 
In FIGS. 85, 86, and 90, a displayed black dot 58f above the origin mark 
58h indicates that no data has been learned or that the current learned 
program line is in effect equal to the default program line. FIG. 85 shows 
a program shift of 0 because only the displayed black dot 58f above the 
origin mark 58h is turned on. FIG. 86 shows the amount of a program shift 
which is +1.0 Tv (-1.0 Av). In FIG. 86, the black dot 58f that is 
alternately turned on and off on the right end indicates the shift amount 
and the black dot 58f on the left end opposite to the origin mark 58h 
indicates the origin (either of the default program line or the learned 
substitute program line). FIG. 90 shows the amount of a program shift 
which is -1.0 Tv (+1.0 Av). In FIG. 90, the black dot 58f that is 
alternately turned on and off on the left end indicates the shift amount 
and the black dot 58f on the right end opposite to the origin mark 58h 
indicates the origin (either of the default program line or the learned 
substitute program line). 
FIGS. 87 through 89 show that the learning mode origin is +0.5 Tv (-0.5 
Av), that is to say that the origin of the current learned substitute 
program line (data) which has been stored is shifted +0.5 Tv (-0.5 Av). 
FIG. 87 shows the amount of a program shift of +0.5 Tv from the origin of 
the learned program line. FIG. 88 shows the amount of a shift of 0 from 
the origin of the learned program line. FIG. 89 shows the amount of a 
program shift of -1.5 Tv from the origin of the learned program line. 
Although not shown, the viewfinder display LCD panel 32 also displays a 
triangular mark 58h, graduations 58g, and black dots 58f which correspond 
respectively to the triangular mark 58h, the graduations 58g, and the 
black dots 58f on the external display LCD panel 34. 
LEARNING MODE CALCULATION PROCESS 
A learning mode calculation process will be described in detail below with 
reference to the flowchart of FIGS. 55A, 55B, 56, 57A, 57B, FIGS. 55A and 
55B are a flowchart relating to the learning mode calculation process, 
which is a subroutine that is called in step S1415 in the shutter release 
process shown in FIG. 14. In this embodiment, when the shutter release 
takes place a predetermined number of times in the learning mode and with 
each program shift in one direction, learned data is stored to give a 
program line that is varied to become a substitute for the previous 
program line, i.e. a learned program line. 
When the control enters the learning mode calculation process, a learning 
mode RUN flag for controlling the energization of the learning mode 
picture 56s is cleared, it is determined whether control is in the 
learning mode or not, i.e., whether the learning mode flag is "1" or not, 
and it is determined whether the amount of the present program shift is 0 
or not (S5501, S5503, S5505). If the learning mode flag is "0" or if 
control is in the learning mode but the amount of the present program 
shift is 0, then the number of times of shutter release that is being 
learned does not need to be changed, and control thus returns to the 
shutter release subroutine. 
If the learning mode flag is "1" and also if the amount of the present 
program shift is not 0, then it is determined whether the amount of the 
present program shift is larger than the learning mode changing amount 
that has been set in the learning mode changing level setting process 
shown in FIG. 26 so that the appropriate number of times of shutter 
release for learning can be set (S5503, S5505, S5507). If the amount of 
the present program shift is larger than the learning mode changing 
amount, then the value of "learned number of times 1" of shutter release 
that has been set in FIG. 26 is installed as the "changed number of times" 
for shutter release (S5507, S5509). If the amount of the present program 
shift is equal to or smaller than the learning mode changing amount, then 
the value of the "learned number of times 2" of shutter release that has 
been set in FIG. 26 is installed as the "changed number of times" for 
shutter release (S5507, S5511). 
Then, the amount of shift of the origin, the origin direction bit, the 
current counted value of the learned number of times of shutter release, 
and the previous learned direction bits are read from the RAM areas 
STDYCNT(X), GENPSFT(X). These correspond to the selected exposure mode, X 
being produced by subtracting from the AE mode number X (S5513). The 
amount of shift of the origin and the origin direction bit are stored in 
the RAM area GENPSFT, and the current counted value of the learned number 
of times of shutter release and the previous learned direction bits are 
stored in the RAM area STDYCNT (S5515 through S5521). 
The learning mode RUN flag is then set and 1 is added to the current 
counted value of the learned number of times of shutter release (S5523, 
S5525). Thereafter, it is determined whether the new current counted value 
of the learned number of times of shutter release is smaller than the 
"changed number of times" value that was set above (S5527). If smaller, 
then control goes to step S5529 and following in order to up date the 
stored value of the counted value of the learned number of times shutter 
release. If the new current counted value of the learned number of times 
of shutter release is equal to or larger than the "changed number of 
times" value, control goes to a learning mode U/D (up and down) process 
shown in FIGS. 57A and 57B. 
If the new current counted value of the learned number of times of shutter 
release is smaller than the "changed number of times", then control 
proceeds to a learning mode store process 2 provided the direction of the 
present program shift is the same as the previous direction of program 
shift (learning direction). That is, the control proceeds to a learning 
mode store process 2 provided that the present P shift direction bit is 
"0" (positive) and the previous learned direction bits are "01" (positive) 
or the present P shift direction bit is "1" (negative) and the previous 
learned direction bits are "10" (negative) (S5529, S5531 or S5529, S5533). 
Stated otherwise, each time the shutter is released with the present 
program shift direction the same, a valve equal to the learned number of 
times of shutter release is counted. When the present program shift 
direction is a new direction which is not the same as before, the counted 
value of the learned number of times of shutter release is reset to "1", 
and the counted value of the learned number of times of shutter release is 
incremented each time the shutter is released with the new direction of 
program shift. 
Thus, if the previous learned direction (program shift direction) is 
negative and the present program shift direction is positive, then, 
control goes to a learning mode reset process 1 in which the counted value 
of the learned number of times of shutter release is reset to "1" and the 
previous learned direction bits are set to "01" (positive) (S5529, S5531, 
S5541). Then, control goes to the learning mode store process 2 for 
updating the counted value of the learned number of times of shutter 
release and also the previous learned direction bits. Conversely, if the 
previous learned direction (program shift direction) is positive, and the 
present program shift direction is negative, then, control goes to a 
learning mode reset process 2 in which the counted value of the learned 
number of times of shutter release is reset to "1" and the previous 
learned direction bits are set to "10" (negative) (S5529, S5533, S5551). 
Then, control goes to the learning mode store process 2. 
LEARNING MODE STORE PROCESS 2 
The learning mode store process 2 is a process for updating and storing the 
counted value of the learned number of times of shutter release and the 
previous learned direction bits. In this process, the amount of a shift of 
the origin and the origin direction bit are not changed. More 
specifically, the counted value of the learned number of times of shutter 
release and the previous learned direction bits are stored in 
predetermined bits in the RAM area (X) corresponding to the present 
program exposure mode (X=AE mode number-1) (S5611, S5613). Then, the data 
stored in the RAM area (X) relating to the learning mode are written in 
the corresponding 2-byte area of the EEPROM 106 (S5616), after which 
control returns. 
LEARNING MODE U/D PROCESS 
The learning mode U/D process stores the results of the learning mode when 
the current counted value of the learned number of times of shutter 
release becomes equal to or greater than the appropriate "changed number 
of times" value so as to execute a shift of the origin. This will be 
described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIGS. 57A and 57B 
and the program diagram of FIG. 55C. When control enters the learning mode 
U/D process, the present program shift direction is checked, and if the 
present program shift direction is positive (the P shift direction bit is 
"0"), then a learning mode UP process is carried out, and if the present 
program shift direction is negative (the P shift direction bit is "1"), 
then a learning mode DOWN process is carried out. It is assumed for the 
purpose of the following that the present program line is program line (8) 
in FIG. 55C, being the default program line or a learned program line, so 
that the black dot 58f above the origin indication mark 58h is energized. 
The data shown in FIGS. 85 through 90 are displayed when Ev (Lv)=13. 
LEARNING MODE UP PROCESS 
In the learning mode UP process, the previous learned direction (program 
shift direction) is checked, and if the previous learned direction is 
negative (the previous learned direction bits are "10"), meaning that the 
present program shift direction has changed from the previous direction, 
the learned amount of shift of the origin and the origin direction bit are 
not to be updated. Thus, at step S5711 control goes to the learned mode 
reset process 1 (which is the same as S5541 of FIG. 55B). For example, 
assuming the present program line is indicated by (3) in FIG. 55C and the 
previous program shift was -0.5, -1.0 Tv, or less in the direction toward 
(2) or (1), the present program shift is a relative shift in the positive 
direction of +0.5, +1.0 Tv, or more in the direction toward (4) or (5). 
The display of the previous program shift would have been as shown in FIG. 
90, and the display of the present program shift would be as shown in FIG. 
86. 
If the present program shift direction is the same as the previous program 
shift direction, or no program shift has been made previously (the 
previous amount of a program shift is 0), then the counted value of the 
learned number of times of shutter release is set to "0" and the previous 
learned direction bits are set to "01" (S5711, S5713), after which control 
proceeds to steps S5715 through S5727 for setting the learned amount of 
shift of the origin and the amount of program shift. As an example, if the 
present program line is indicated by (3) in FIG. 55C, and the previous 
program shift was 0, +0.5, +1.5 Tv, or more in the direction toward (3), 
(4) or (5), the present program shift is +0.5 Tv or more in the direction 
toward (5). Thus, if the present default or learned substitute program 
line is indicated by (3) and the program shift is +1.0 Tv, then the 
displayed data would be as shown in FIG. 86. 
Then, depending on the direction of the origin, i.e., depending on whether 
the learned program line is in a positive direction, is the same as the 
default program line, or is in a negative direction with respect to the 
default program line, 0.5 Tv is added to or subtracted from the amount of 
a shift of the origin (S5715, S5717, S5719 or S5715, S5721). 
If the learned program line is shifted in a positive direction from the 
default program line, i.e., if the origin direction bit is "0" (positive), 
and also if the amount of the shift of the origin is less than 2, then 0.5 
Tv is added to the amount of a shift of the origin (S5715 through S5719). 
The added 0.5 Tv is then deducted from the program shift amount, after 
which control proceeds to a learning mode store process 1 (S5727). Since 
the maximum value of the amount of a shift of the origin is limited to 2 
Tv in this embodiment, when the amount of a shift of the origin is equal 
to or greater than 2 Tv, a shift of the origin (a shift of the learned 
program line) is not made, and control jumps from the step S5717 to the 
learning mode store process 1. 
When the above learning mode UP process is carried out, if the default 
program line is indicated by (8), an already learned program line is 
indicated by (4), and the program shift is +0.5 Tv in the direction toward 
(5), then the learned program line changes from (4) to (5). As an example, 
if +0.5 Tv is added to the amount of shift of the origin in the condition 
shown in FIG. 86 when the default (or learned) program line is indicated 
by (3) and the present program shift is +1.0 Tv, then black dots 58f are 
energized as shown in FIG. 87. Thus, in the learning, the program line 
changes to the learned program line (4) that has been shifted by +0.5 Tv, 
and the display indicates that the program shift is +0.5 Tv. When a 
program shift clear process is carried out, the amount of the present 
program shift from the learned program line (4) is cleared, with the data 
displayed as shown in FIG. 88. 
If the learned program line is shifted in a negative direction from the 
default program line, i.e., if the origin direction bit is "1", then 0.5 
Tv is subtracted from the amount of a shift of the origin (S5715, S5721). 
If the amount of a shift of the origin becomes 0, then "0" is put in the 
origin direction bit, and if the amount of shift of the origin does not 
become 0, then the origin direction bit remains unchanged. 0.5 Tv is 
deducted from the program shift amount, and control goes to the learning 
mode store process 1 (S5723, S5725, S5727 or S5723, S5727). 
When the above learning mode UP process is carried out, as an example, if 
the default program line is indicated by (3), the learned program line is 
indicated by (2), and the program shift is +0.5, +1.0, +1.5 Tv, or more in 
the direction toward (3), (4) or (5), then the new learned program line 
changes to (3). 
LEARNING MODE DOWN PROCESS 
Control enters the learning mode DOWN process if the program shift 
direction is negative (P shift direction bit is "1") in step S5701 shown 
in FIG. 57A. 
In the learning mode DOWN process, it is first determined, using the 
previous learned direction bits, whether the program shift direction has 
changed from the previous direction or not. If changed (the previous 
learned direction bits are positive "01"), then at step S5781 control goes 
to the learning mode reset process 2 (same as S5551 of FIG. 55B) so that 
no learning takes place so no data are updated (S5731). 
If the program shift direction has not changed from the previous direction 
(the previous learned direction bits are negative "10"), then the counted 
value of the learned number of times of shutter release is set to "0", and 
the previous learned direction bits are set to "10" (negative) (S5733). 
Then, depending on the direction of the origin, i.e., depending on whether 
the learned program line is in a positive direction with respect to the 
default program line, is the same as the default program line, or is in a 
negative direction with respect to the default program line, a certain 
value is added to or subtracted from the amount of a shift of the origin 
(S5735, S5737 or S5735, S5743, S5745). 
More specifically, if the direction of the origin is positive, then 0.5 Tv 
is subtracted from the amount of a shift of the origin (S5735, S5737). 
Since the amount of a shift of the origin from which 0.5 Tv has been 
subtracted may be less than 0 (-0.5 Tv), it is determined whether the 
amount of a shift of the origin is less than 0 (S5739). If less than 0, 
then the amount of a shift of the origin is converted into its absolute 
value and the origin direction bit is set to "1" (negative) (S5741), after 
which control goes to step S5747. If the amount of a shift of the origin 
is equal to or greater than 0, then control goes from the step S5739 to 
the step S5747. 
When the learning mode DOWN process is carried out, as an example, if the 
default program line is indicated by (3), the learned program line is 
indicated by (4), and the program shift is -0.5, -1.0, -1.5 Tv, or less in 
the direction toward (3), (2) or (1), then the new learned program line 
changes to (3). If the learned program line is indicated by (4) and the 
program shift is -1.5 Tv, the display would be as shown in FIG. 89. Once 
the learning has been carried out with the above condition, the learned 
program line becomes (3) and the display would be as shown in FIG. 90. 
When the direction of the origin is negative, the amount of a shift of the 
origin may exceed a limit value of 2 Tv. Therefore, step S5743 determines 
whether or not the amount of a shift of the origin is equal to or larger 
than the limit value of 2 Tv. If smaller than the limit value, then 0.5 Tv 
is added to the amount of a shift of the origin (S5745), and control goes 
to step S5747. If equal to or larger than the limit value, then control 
jumps to step S5749. 
When the learning mode DOWN process is carried out, as an example, if the 
default program line is indicated by (3), the learned program line is 
indicated by (2), and the program shift is -0.5 Tv, or less in the 
direction toward (1), then the new learned program line changes to (1). 
The amount of a program shift from which 0.5 Tv has been subtracted in step 
S5747 may become 0. If the amount of a program shift becomes 0, the P 
shift direction bit is changed to "0" (positive) (S5749, S5751), and 
control goes to the learning mode store process 1. If the amount of a 
program shift is not 0, then control jumps directly to the learning mode 
store process 1 (S5749). 
LEARNING MODE STORE PROCESSES 1, 2 
The learning mode store process 1 for storing the learned condition in the 
EEPROM 106 will be described below with reference to FIG. 56. The amount 
of a shift of the origin and the origin direction bit that have been set 
in the above learning mode UP/DOWN process are stored in predetermined 
bits in the RAM areas STDYCNT(X), GENPSFT(X) corresponding to the present 
program exposure mode, after which control goes to the learning mode store 
process 2 (S3601, S3608). 
In the learning mode store process 2, the counted value of the learned 
number of shutter releases and the previous learned direction bits are 
stored in predetermined bits in the RAM area (X) corresponding to the 
present program exposure mode (S5611, S5613). The data stored in the RAM 
areas STDYCNT(X), GENPSFT(X) relating to the learning mode are written in 
the corresponding 2-byte areas STDYCNT(X), GENPSFT(X) of the EEPROM 106 
(S5615), after which control returns. 
With a single lens reflex camera having the learning function of the 
present invention, the user of the camera may select the portrait mode, 
the landscape mode, the moving subject mode, or the close up mode as the 
program exposure mode. In the learning mode, when the user releases the 
shutter a predetermined number of times while the program is set to shift 
in a positive or negative direction, the program line is shifted in 0.5 Tv 
steps in that direction (the origin is moved) to become a learned 
substitute program line. After the program line has been shifted, data 
values of shutter speed and aperture are set with reference to the learned 
substitute program line, and the program can still be further shifted and 
this program shift can be learned. That is, when the user of the camera 
shifts the program and releases the shutter, the camera learns the 
tendency of the user to shift the program each time the shutter is 
released. After the program shifting tendency has been learned a 
predetermined number of times, the results of the learned tendency are 
updated (stored). A shutter speed and an aperture are set based on the 
results of the learned tendency, and then a new learning can be carried 
out. 
In the above embodiment, it is possible to select a combination of the 
amount of a program shift and the number of times of occurrence for 
learning to be effected. However, the amount of a program shift and the 
number of times for learning to be effected may be independently selected. 
The number of times for learning to be effected may be varied in two steps 
across a predetermined amount of shift. However, the number of times for 
learning to be effected may be varied in three steps or more, or may be 
varied depending on the amount of a shift. 
In this embodiment, the learning mode is changed in 0.5 Tv steps. However, 
it may be changed in 1.0 Tv steps, 0.3 Tv steps, or other steps, or may be 
changed to a certain Tv value. While the program process, the program 
shift process, and the learning and storing process are carried out in the 
shutter speed preference mode in the above embodiment, the above processes 
may be carried out in the aperture preference mode. While a general shift 
of the program line is effected to produce a learned program line in the 
present embodiment, the learned program line may take the form of another 
complete program line selected from a plurality of already stored program 
lines. 
As described above, when a user of a camera with the learning function of 
the present invention releases the shutter a plurality of times while the 
program line is being shifted in one direction in the program exposure 
mode, the learning means stores learned program data for shifting the 
program line by a predetermined amount in that direction, and thereafter a 
shutter speed and an aperture are set based on the stored learned program 
data. Therefore, simply by shifting the program according to the user's 
preference and repeating exposures, a combination of a shutter speed and 
an aperture which the user prefers, i.e., a learned program line, can be 
obtained.