Photographic elements for colorimetrically accurate recording intended for scanning

A color photographic element particularly useful for colorimetrically accurate recording of scene exposures is disclosed, which is capable of producing differentiable dye images suitable for scanning and electronic image processing. The element has red, green and blue light recording silver halide emulsion layer units and provides broad, hypsochromic green spectral sensitivity that overlaps with the red spectral sensitivity. The wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the red recording emulsion layer unit is between about 580 and 620 nm, the wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the green recording emulsion layer unit is between about 520 and 565 nm, the relative sensitivity of the green recording emulsion layer unit at 50% of the maximum sensitivity exhibits an overall breadth of at least about 65 nm, and the relative sensitivity of the green recording emulsion layer unit at 520 nm is at least 60% of the maximum.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
 The field of the invention is color photographic films intended to be
 scanned in order to retrieve the recorded image for viewing. The element
 is particularly suitable for accurately capturing scene light exposures
 with high colorimetric precision, where image transformation to a viewable
 form is achieved by film scanning, electronic signal processing, and image
 file transfer to an output device.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 In referring to grains and emulsions containing two or more halides, the
 halides are named in order of ascending concentrations.
 The terms "high chloride" and "high bromide" in referring to grains and
 emulsions indicate that chloride or bromide, respectively, is present in a
 concentration of greater than 50 mole percent, based on silver.
 The term "equivalent circular diameter" or "ECD" is employed to indicate
 the diameter of a circle having the same projected area as a silver halide
 grain.
 The term "aspect ratio" designates the ratio of grain ECD to grain
 thickness (t).
 The term "tabular grain" indicates a grain having two parallel crystal
 faces which are clearly larger than any remaining crystal faces and an
 aspect ratio of at least 2.
 The term "tabular grain emulsion" refers to an emulsion in which tabular
 grains account for greater than 50 percent of total grain projected area.
 The terms "blue spectral sensitizing dye", "green spectral sensitizing
 dye", and "red spectral sensitizing dye" refer to a dye or combination of
 dyes that sensitize silver halide grains and, when adsorbed, have their
 peak absorption in the blue, green and red regions of the spectrum,
 respectively.
 The term "half-peak bandwidth" in referring to a dye indicates the spectral
 region over which absorption exhibited by the dye is at least half its
 absorption at its wavelength of maximum absorption.
 In referring to blue, green and red recording dye image forming layer
 units, the term "layer unit" indicates the layer or layers that contain
 radiation-sensitive silver halide grains to capture exposing radiation and
 that contain couplers that react upon development of the grains. The
 grains and couplers are usually in the same layer, but can be in adjacent
 layers.
 The term "overall half-peak bandwidth" indicates the spectral region over
 which a combination of spectral sensitizing dyes within a layer unit
 exhibits absorption that is at least half their combined maximum
 absorption at any single wavelength.
 The term "dye image-forming coupler" indicates a coupler that reacts with
 oxidized color developing agent to produce a dye image.
 The term "colored masking coupler" indicates a coupler that is initially
 colored and that loses its initial color during development upon reaction
 with oxidized color developing agent.
 The term "substantially free of colored masking coupler" indicates a total
 coating coverage of less than 0.02 millimole/m.sup.2 of colored masking
 coupler.
 The term "development inhibitor releasing compound" or "DIR" indicates a
 compound that cleaves to release a development inhibitor during color
 development. As defined DIR's include couplers and other compounds that
 utilize anchimeric and timed releasing mechanisms.
 The term "Status M" density indicates density measurements obtained from a
 densitometer meeting photocell and filter specifications described in SPSE
 Handbook of Photographic Science and Engineering, W. Thomas, editor, John
 Wiley & Sons, New York, 1973, Section 15.4.2.6 Color Filters. The
 International Standard for Status M density is set out in
 "Photography--Density Measurements--Part 3: Spectral conditions", Ref. No.
 ISO 5/3-1984 (E).
 The term "exposure latitude" indicates the exposure range of a
 characteristic curve segment over which instantaneous gamma
 (.DELTA.D/.DELTA.log E) is at least 25 percent of gamma, as defined above.
 The exposure latitude of a color element having multiple color recording
 units is the exposure range over which the characteristic curves of the
 red, green, and blue color recording units simultaneously fulfill the
 aforesaid definition.
 The term "gamma ratio" when applied to a color recording layer unit refers
 to the ratio determined by dividing the color gamma of a cited layer unit
 after an imagewise color separation exposure and process that enables
 development of primarily that layer unit by the color gamma of the same
 layer unit after an imagewise white light exposure and process that
 enables development of all layer units. This term relates to the degree of
 color saturation available from that layer unit after conventional optical
 printing. Larger values of the gamma ratio indicate enhanced degrees of
 color saturation under optical printing conditions.
 Research Disclosure is published by Kenneth Mason Publications, Ltd.,
 Dudley House, 12 North St., Emsworth, Hampshire P010 7DQ, England.
 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
 Photographic recording materials have historically been designed to operate
 in an analog world involving direct optical print-through to a reflection
 print material or direct viewing of transmitted light, depending on the
 mode of image development. Color negative films record scene light
 exposures and, following development and chemical image processing through
 interlayer interimage effects generally produced by colored masking
 couplers and development inhibitor releasing couplers, yield orange
 masked-films suitable for the attenuation of light to allow the exposure
 of silver halide color paper giving a viewable representation of the scene
 after its processing and drying. Color reversal films record scene light
 exposures and, following development and chemical image processing through
 interlayer interimage effects generally produced by first development
 iodide gradients and second development inhibitor releasing couplers,
 yield positive images suitable for projection and viewing in a dark
 surround. The accuracy of recording the different colors of visible light
 in the scene exposures is limited by either the constituents the films
 were required to contain to perform their function (e.g. colored masking
 couplers in color negative films) or the degree of chemical image
 processing achievable for color correction or `management` by chemical
 development modification.
 With the introduction of color film scanning, however, the role of films in
 producing images is fundamentally changed. The color film image dye
 densities of films designed exclusively for scanning are no longer
 required to attenuate the precise exposure of silver halide color paper or
 the human eye with fully color corrected dye hues. A suitable exposure of
 scanner charged coupled device arrays to create image-bearing electronic
 signals can be accomplished with image dye amounts that have not been
 modified by development interlayer interimage effects. The color
 correction that was formally performed chemically can be done with higher
 effectiveness by mathematical transformations of the electronic signals
 which are required anyway to convert the image-bearing signals back into a
 viewable form, such as to code values used by a computer color monitor
 display or by a writing device such as an inkjet printer. In relying on
 electronic image processing, the color films can be re-designed to record
 scene exposures with greater accuracy. More accurate color recording of
 the scene light is in fact vital to obtain the full benefit of such hybrid
 systems. The unique non-linear signal amplifications available to
 electronic image processing can produce a multitude of different high
 quality renditions of the scene, depending on individual preferences, but
 these renditions will be unfaithful in their color rendition and
 disappointing, if the color film failed to record the scene exposures
 correctly at the time of photography. Such color accuracy requirements are
 found in metameric color failure, where the certain objects with very
 different spectral reflectance properties stimulate the human visual
 system sensitivities the same. Since optical color film spectral
 sensitivities differ from that of the eye, theses films record the scene
 exposures differently leading to color recording errors. In certain
 artificial illuminants, such as inexpensive fluorescent lights, closely
 spaced line emissions by the tube phosphors correctly stimulate the
 overlapping eye RGB channels to produce the appearance of neutral white
 light, and nearly normal white light colors of viewed objects or subjects
 results. The non-overlapping spectral sensitivities of color films result
 in relatively large color recording gaps, and inaccurate color rendition
 the same objects or subjects inevitably results. Color films designed for
 scanning and electronic processing of the image-bearing signals can
 benefit from silver halide emulsion spectral sensitivity that is more
 calorimetrically accurate.
 Examples of spectral sensitivities that better approximate the human visual
 response and which resemble color matching functions have been described.
 MacAdam (Pearson and Yule, J Color Appearance, 2, 30 (1973)), Schwan et al
 U.S. Pat. No. 3,672,898 and Giorgianni et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,978 and
 U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,961 are illustrative of attempts to improve color
 reproduction by intentionally selecting spectral sensitizing dye
 combinations for blue, green, and red recording layer units that overlap
 more and differ from the wavelengths of maximum relative sensitivity of
 usual analog optical system color films. Giorgianni et al '978 and '961
 are herein incorporated by reference. Schwan et al however stipulate that
 the cyan dye image-forming layer contain at least one light sensitive
 silver halide emulsion with a maximum sensitivity greater than 603 nm. In
 addition, the red recording unit is comprised of a magenta colored filter
 dye material which absorbs visible radiation shorter than the maximum
 sensitivity of said cyan-dye forming unit. Adequate red recording unit
 hypsochromic sensitivity for optimal calorimetrically accurate capture is
 not provided in the presence of the magenta trimmer dye filtering the
 scene exposures incident on it. Giorgianni et al demonstrate color
 reversal films with red recording unit maximum sensitivity around 600 nm,
 with broad half-peak bandwidth relative sensitivity in the same red unit,
 and with substantially overlapping green and red recording silver halide
 emulsion unit spectral sensitivity. But the green recording silver halide
 emulsion unit 50%-maximum peak bandwidth spans only about 60 nm, and
 sensitivity at 520 nm in the hypsochromic, shorter green region is 53% of
 the maximum relative sensitivity. In addition, the blue recording silver
 halide unit maximum sensitivity is found at about 422 nm, contributing to
 reduced blue and green recording unit overlapping sensitivity. In
 aggregate, the colorimetric accuracy of the element was handicapped by
 these flaws.
 PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
 In order to achieve accurate color reproduction, the photographic element
 red and green sensitivity must meet certain requirements provided by dyed
 silver halide emulsions. The green and red maximum sensitivities must fall
 somewhat more hypsochromic of their usual positions in films designed for
 direct optical printing or viewing. The green record sensitivity must be
 broad, with substantial relative short green responsivity. The need for
 high color accuracy recording by a silver halide emulsion-based image
 capture element that provides the colorimetry of scene exposures remains
 unsatisfied.
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
 The present invention can be viewed as an improvement on teachings of
 Buitano et al in that it has been discovered that improved color capture
 accuracy can be achieved when the green unit spectral relative spectral
 sensitivity at 520 nm is at least 60% of the maximum sensitivity.
 In one aspect this invention is directed to a color photographic element
 capable of producing dye images suitable for digital scanning comprised
 of:
 a support and, coated on the support,
 a plurality of hydrophilic colloid layers including a blue recording
 emulsion layer unit capable of forming a dye image of a first hue, a green
 recording emulsion layer unit capable of forming a dye image of a second
 hue, and a red recording emulsion layer unit capable of forming a dye
 image of a third hue, wherein,
 the wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the red recording emulsion layer
 unit is between about 580 and 620 nm, the wavelength of maximum
 sensitivity of the green recording emulsion layer unit is between about
 520 and 565 nm, the relative sensitivity of the green recording emulsion
 layer unit at 50% of the maximum sensitivity exhibits an overall breadth
 of at least about 65 nm, the relative sensitivity of the green recording
 emulsion layer unit at 520 nm is at least 60% of the maximum, with the
 proviso that magenta colored filter materials are absent from the red
 recording emulsion layer unit.
 ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECT OF THE INVENTION
 When photographic recording materials according to the invention are
 prepared, shorter red spectral sensitivity, with maximum response of
 between about 580 and 620 nm, and broad green spectral sensitivity, at a
 maximum sensitivity between about 520 and 560 nm, is produced with
 significant relative sensitivity at wavelengths between about 500 and 575
 nm and specifically at shorter green light wavelengths around 520 nm. In
 preferred embodiments of the invention, the broad green sensitivity is
 produced in conjunction with a broad red spectral sensitivity which
 provides for significant overlap of the green and red responsivities at a
 significant fraction of the maximum relative sensitivity, in analogy with
 the human visual response. Elements in accord with the invention can
 achieve low color recording errors by accurately capturing scene light
 exposures which provides the opportunity for improved hybrid
 photographic-electronic imaging system color reproduction fidelity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
 A typical color negative film construction useful in the practice of the
 invention is illustrated by the following:

Element SCN-1
 SOC Surface Overcoat
 BU Blue Recording Layer Unit
 IL1 First Interlayer
 GU Green Recording Layer Unit
 IL2 Second Interlayer
 RU Red Recording Layer Unit
 AHU Antihalation Layer Unit
 S Support
 SOC Surface Overcoat
 The support S can be either reflective or transparent, which is usually
 preferred. When reflective, the support is white and can take the form of
 any conventional support currently employed in color print elements. When
 the support is transparent, it can be colorless or tinted and can take the
 form of any conventional support currently employed in color negative
 elements--e.g., a colorless or tinted transparent film support. Details of
 support construction are well understood in the art. The element can
 contain additional layers, such as filter layers, interlayers, overcoat
 layers, subbing layers, antihalation layers and the like. Transparent and
 reflective support constructions, including subbing layers to enhance
 adhesion, are disclosed in Research Disclosure, Item 38957, cited above,
 XV. Supports. Photographic elements of the present invention may also
 usefully include a magnetic recording material as described in Research
 Disclosure, Item 34390, November 1992, or a transparent magnetic recording
 layer such as a layer containing magnetic particles on the underside of a
 transparent support as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,279,945, and U.S. Pat. No.
 4,302,523.
 Each of blue, green and red recording layer units BU, GU and RU are formed
 of one or more hydrophilic colloid layers and contain at least one
 radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion and coupler, including at least
 one dye image-forming coupler. It is preferred that the green, and red
 recording units are subdivided into at least two recording layer sub-units
 to provide increased recording latitude and reduced image granularity. In
 the simplest contemplated construction each of the layer units or layer
 sub-units consists of a single hydrophilic colloid layer containing
 emulsion and coupler. When coupler present in a layer unit or layer
 sub-unit is coated in a hydrophilic colloid layer other than an emulsion
 containing layer, the coupler containing hydrophilic colloid layer is
 positioned to receive oxidized color developing agent from the emulsion
 during development. Usually the coupler containing layer is the next
 adjacent hydrophilic colloid layer to the emulsion containing layer.
 In order to ensure excellent image sharpness, and to facilitate manufacture
 and use in cameras, all of the sensitized layers are preferably positioned
 on a common face of the support. When in spool form, the element will be
 spooled such that when unspooled in a camera, exposing light strikes all
 of the sensitized layers before striking the face of the support carrying
 these layers. Further, to ensure excellent sharpness of images exposed
 onto the element, the total thickness of the layer units above the support
 should be controlled. Generally, the total thickness of the sensitized
 layers, interlayers and protective layers on the exposure face of the
 support are less than 35 .mu.m. It is preferred that the total layer
 thickness be less than 28 .mu.m, more preferred that the total layer
 thickness be less than 22 .mu.m, and most preferred that the total layer
 thickness be less than 17 .mu.m. This constraint on total layer thickness
 is enabled by controlling the total quantity light sensitive silver halide
 as described below, and by controlling the total quantity of vehicle and
 other components, such as couplers, solvent, and such in the layers. The
 total quantity of vehicle is generally less than 20 g/m.sup.2, preferably
 less than 14 g/m.sup.2, and more preferably less than 10 g/m.sup.2.
 Generally, at least 3 g/m.sup.2 of vehicle, and preferably at least 5
 g/m.sup.2 of vehicle is present so as to ensure adhesion of the layers to
 the support during processing and proper isolation of the layer
 components. Likewise, the total quantity of other components is generally
 less than 12 g/m.sup.2, preferably less than 8 g/m.sup.2, and more
 preferably less than 5 g/m.sup.2.
 The emulsion in BU is capable of forming a latent image when exposed to
 blue light. When the emulsion contains high bromide silver halide grains
 and particularly when minor (0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, mole percent,
 based on silver) amounts of iodide are also present in the
 radiation-sensitive grains, the native sensitivity of the grains can be
 relied upon for absorption of blue light. Preferably the emulsion is
 spectrally sensitized with two or more blue spectral sensitizing dyes to
 achieve the required absorption breadth of color matching function
 spectral sensitivity which mimics human visual sensitivity. Tabular
 emulsions are preferred for providing dyed blue spectral sensitivity. The
 emulsions in GU and RU are spectrally sensitized with green and red
 spectral sensitizing dyes, respectively, in all instances, since silver
 halide emulsions have no native sensitivity to green and/or red (minus
 blue) light. The red unit emulsions of the invention preferably are
 comprised of at least four spectral sensitizing dyes. More preferably, at
 least five spectral sensitizing dyes are employed to achieve the required
 spectral breadth of responsivity to green-red light.
 Any convenient selection from among conventional radiation-sensitive silver
 halide emulsions can be incorporated within the layer units and used to
 provide the spectral absorptances of the invention. Most commonly high
 bromide emulsions containing a minor amount of iodide are employed. To
 realize higher rates of processing, high chloride emulsions can be
 employed. Radiation-sensitive silver chloride, silver bromide, silver
 iodobromide, silver iodochloride, silver chlorobromide, silver
 bromochloride, silver iodochlorobromide and silver iodobromochloride
 grains are all contemplated. The grains can be either regular or irregular
 (e.g., tabular). Tabular grain emulsions, those in which tabular grains
 account for at least 50 (preferably at least 70 and optimally at least 90)
 percent of total grain projected area are particularly advantageous for
 increasing speed in relation to granularity. To be considered tabular a
 grain requires two major parallel faces with a ratio of its equivalent
 circular diameter (ECD) to its thickness of at least 2. Specifically
 preferred tabular grain emulsions are those having a tabular grain average
 aspect ratio of at least 5 and, optimally, greater than 8. Preferred mean
 tabular grain thicknesses are less than 0.3 .mu.m (most preferably less
 than 0.2 .mu.m). Ultrathin tabular grain emulsions, those with mean
 tabular grain thicknesses of less than 0.07 .mu.m, are specifically
 preferred for the blue sensitive recording unit. The green sensitive
 recording unit is preferably comprised of tabular grains with an aspect
 ratio of less than or equal to 15. The grains preferably form surface
 latent images so that they produce negative images when processed in a
 surface developer in color negative film forms of the invention.
 Illustrations of conventional radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsions
 are provided by Research Disclosure, Item 38957, cited above, I. Emulsion
 grains and their preparation. Chemical sensitization of the emulsions,
 which can take any conventional form, is illustrated in section IV.
 Chemical sensitization. Spectral sensitization and sensitizing dyes, which
 can take any conventional form, are illustrated by section V. Spectral
 sensitization and desensitization. The emulsion layers also typically
 include one or more antifoggants or stabilizers, which can take any
 conventional form, as illustrated by section VII. Antifoggants and
 stabilizers.
 While any useful quantity of light sensitive silver, as silver halide, can
 be employed in the elements useful in this invention, it is preferred that
 the total quantity be less than 10 g/m.sup.2 of silver. Silver quantities
 of less than 7 g/m.sup.2 are preferred, and silver quantities of less than
 5 g/m.sup.2 are even more preferred. The lower quantities of silver
 improve the optics of the elements, thus enabling the production of
 sharper pictures using the elements. These lower quantities of silver are
 additionally important in that they enable rapid development and
 desilvering of the elements. Conversely, a silver coating coverage of at
 least 2 g of coated silver per m.sup.2 of support surface area in the
 element is necessary to realize an exposure latitude of at least 2.7 log E
 while maintaining an adequately low graininess position for pictures
 intended to be enlarged. The green light recording layer unit is preferred
 to have a coated silver coverage of at least 0.8 g/m.sup.2. It is more
 preferred that the red and green units together have at least 1.7
 g/m.sup.2 of coated silver and even more preferred that each of the red,
 green, and blue color units has at least 0.8 g/m.sup.2 of coated silver.
 Because of its less favored location for processing, it is generally
 preferred that the layer unit located, on average, closest to the support
 contain a silver coating coverage of at least 1.0 g/m.sup.2 of coated
 silver. Typically, this is the red recording layer unit. For many
 photographic applications, optimum silver coverages are at least 0.9
 g/m.sup.2 in the blue recording layer unit and at least 1.5 g/m.sup.2 in
 the green and red recording layer units.
 BU contains at least one yellow dye image-forming coupler, GU contains at
 least one magenta dye image-forming coupler, and RU contains at least one
 cyan dye image-forming coupler. Any convenient combination of conventional
 dye image-forming couplers can be employed. Conventional dye image-forming
 couplers are illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item 38957, cited above,
 X. Dye image formers and modifiers, B. Image-dye-forming couplers. Magenta
 colored masking couplers are absent from RU.
 The invention is applicable to conventional color negative film or color
 reversal film constructions. The spectral sensitivities can also be
 employed in photothermographic elements, and in particular, camera speed
 photothermographic elements as known in the art. Specific examples of
 multicolor photothermographic elements are described by Levy et al. In
 U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/740,110, filed Oct. 28, 1996, by
 Ishikawa et al in European Patent Application EP 0, 762,201 A1, and by
 Asami in U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,560, the disclosures of which are both
 incorporated by reference. The invention is also applicable to image
 transfer photothermographic elements such as disclosed in Ishikawa et al
 European Patent Application EP 0 800 114 A2. In a preferred embodiment,
 contrary to conventional color negative film constructions, RU, GU and BU
 are each substantially free of colored masking coupler. Preferably the
 layer units each contain less than 0.02 (most preferably less than 0.01)
 millimole/m.sup.2 of colored masking coupler. No colored masking coupler
 is required in the color negative elements of this invention.
 Development inhibitor releasing compound is incorporated in at least one
 and, preferably, each of the layer units in color negative film forms of
 the invention. DIR's are commonly employed to improve image sharpness and
 to tailor dye image characteristic curve shapes. The DIR's contemplated
 for incorporation in the color negative elements of the invention can
 release development inhibitor moieties directly or through intermediate
 linking or timing groups. The DIR's are contemplated to include those that
 employ anchimeric releasing mechanisms. Illustrations of development
 inhibitor releasing couplers and other compounds useful in the color
 negative elements of this invention are provided by Research Disclosure,
 Item 38957, cited above, X. Dye image formers and modifiers, C. Image dye
 modifiers, particularly paragraphs (4) to (11).
 It is common practice to coat one, two or three separate emulsion layers
 within a single dye image-forming layer unit. When two or more emulsion
 layers are coated in a single layer unit, they are typically chosen to
 differ in sensitivity. When a more sensitive emulsion is coated over a
 less sensitive emulsion, a higher speed is realized than when the two
 emulsions are blended. When a less sensitive emulsion is coated over a
 more sensitive emulsion, a higher contrast is realized than when the two
 emulsions are blended. It is preferred that the most sensitive emulsion be
 located nearest the source of exposing radiation and the slowest emulsion
 be located nearest the support.
 One or more of the layer units of the invention is preferably subdivided
 into at least two, and more preferably three or more sub-unit layers. It
 is preferred that all light sensitive silver halide emulsions in the color
 recording unit have spectral sensitivity in the same region of the visible
 spectrum. In this embodiment, while all silver halide emulsions
 incorporated in the unit have spectral absorptance according to invention,
 it is expected that there are minor differences in spectral absorptance
 properties between them. In still more preferred embodiments, the
 sensitizations of the slower silver halide emulsions are specifically
 tailored to account for the light shielding effects of the faster silver
 halide emulsions of the layer unit that reside above them, in order to
 provide an imagewise uniform spectral response by the photographic
 recording material as exposure varies with low to high light levels. Thus
 higher proportions of peak light absorbing spectral sensitizing dyes may
 be desirable in the slower emulsions of the subdivided layer unit to
 account for on-peak shielding and broadening of the underlying layer
 spectral sensitivity.
 The interlayers IL1 and IL2 are hydrophilic colloid layers having as their
 primary function color contamination reduction--i.e., prevention of
 oxidized developing agent from migrating to an adjacent recording layer
 unit before reacting with dye-forming coupler. The interlayers are in part
 effective simply by increasing the diffusion path length that oxidized
 developing agent must travel. To increase the effectiveness of the
 interlayers to intercept oxidized developing agent, it is conventional
 practice to incorporate oxidized developing agent. Antistain agents
 (oxidized developing agent scavengers) can be selected from among those
 disclosed by Research Disclosure, Item 38957, X. Dye image formers and
 modifiers, D. Hue modifiers/stabilization, paragraph (2). When one or more
 silver halide emulsions in GU and RU are high bromide emulsions and, hence
 have significant native sensitivity to blue light, it is preferred to
 incorporate a yellow filter, such as Carey Lea silver or a yellow
 processing solution decolorizable dye, in IL1. Suitable yellow filter dyes
 can be selected from among those illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item
 38957, VIII. Absorbing and scattering materials, B. Absorbing materials.
 In elements of the instant invention, magenta colored filter materials are
 absent from IL2 and RU.
 The antihalation layer unit AHU typically contains a processing solution
 removable or decolorizable light absorbing material, such as one or a
 combination of pigments and dyes. Suitable materials can be selected from
 among those disclosed in Research Disclosure, Item 38957, VIII. Absorbing
 materials. A common alternative location for AHU is between the support S
 and the recording layer unit coated nearest the support.
 The surface overcoats SOC are hydrophilic colloid layers that are provided
 for physical protection of the color negative elements during handling and
 processing. Each SOC also provides a convenient location for incorporation
 of addenda that are most effective at or near the surface of the color
 negative element. In some instances the surface overcoat is divided into a
 surface layer and an interlayer, the latter functioning as spacer between
 the addenda in the surface layer and the adjacent recording layer unit. In
 another common variant form, addenda are distributed between the surface
 layer and the interlayer, with the latter containing addenda that are
 compatible with the adjacent recording layer unit. Most typically the SOC
 contains addenda, such as coating aids, plasticizers and lubricants,
 antistats and matting agents, such as illustrated by Research Disclosure,
 Item 38957, IX. Coating physical property modifying addenda. The SOC
 overlying the emulsion layers additionally preferably contains an
 ultraviolet absorber, such as illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item
 38957, VI. UV dyes/optical brighteners/luminescent dyes, paragraph (1).
 Instead of the layer unit sequence of element SCN-1, alternative layer
 units sequences can be employed and are particularly attractive for some
 emulsion choices. Using high chloride emulsions and/or thin (&lt;0.2 .mu.m
 mean grain thickness) tabular grain emulsions all possible interchanges of
 the positions of BU, GU and RU can be undertaken without risk of blue
 light contamination of the minus blue records, since these emulsions
 exhibit negligible native sensitivity in the visible spectrum. For the
 same reason, it is unnecessary to incorporate blue light absorbers in the
 interlayers.
 When the emulsion layers within a dye image-forming layer unit differ in
 speed, it is conventional practice to limit the incorporation of dye
 image-forming coupler in the layer of highest speed to less than a
 stoichiometric amount, based on silver. The function of the highest speed
 emulsion layer is to create the portion of the characteristic curve just
 above the minimum density--i.e., in an exposure region that is below the
 threshold sensitivity of the remaining emulsion layer or layers in the
 layer unit. In this way, adding the increased granularity of the highest
 sensitivity speed emulsion layer to the dye image record produced is
 minimized without sacrificing imaging speed.
 In the foregoing discussion the blue, green and red recording layer units
 are described as containing yellow, magenta and cyan image dye-forming
 couplers, respectively, as is conventional practice in color negative
 elements used for printing. The invention can be suitably applied to
 conventional color negative construction as illustrated. Color reversal
 film construction would take a similar form, with the exception that
 colored masking couplers would be completely absent; in typical forms,
 development inhibitor releasing couplers would also be absent. In
 preferred embodiments, the color negative elements are intended
 exclusively for scanning to produce three separate electronic color
 records. Thus the actual hue of the image dye produced is of no
 importance. What is essential is merely that the dye image produced in
 each of the layer units be differentiable from that produced by each of
 the remaining layer units. To provide this capability of differentiation
 it is contemplated that each of the layer units contain one or more dye
 image-forming couplers chosen to produce image dye having an absorption
 half-peak bandwidth lying in a different spectral region. It is immaterial
 whether the blue, green or red recording layer unit forms a yellow,
 magenta or cyan dye having an absorption half peak bandwidth in the blue,
 green or red region of the spectrum, as is conventional in a color
 negative element intended for use in printing, or an absorption half-peak
 bandwidth in any other convenient region of the spectrum, ranging from the
 near ultraviolet (300-400 nm) through the visible and through the near
 infrared (700-1200 nm), so long as the absorption half-peak bandwidths of
 the image dye in the layer units extend over substantially non-coextensive
 wavelength ranges. The term "substantially non-coextensive wavelength
 ranges" means that each image dye exhibits an absorption half-peak band
 width that extends over at least a 25 (preferably 50) nm spectral region
 that is not occupied by an absorption half-peak band width of another
 image dye. Ideally the image dyes exhibit absorption half-peak band widths
 that are mutually exclusive.
 When a layer unit contains two or more emulsion layers differing in speed,
 it is possible to lower image granularity in the image to be viewed,
 recreated from an electronic record, by forming in each emulsion layer of
 the layer unit a dye image which exhibits an absorption half-peak band
 width that lies in a different spectral region than the dye images of the
 other emulsion layers of layer unit. This technique is particularly well
 suited to elements in which the layer units are divided into sub-units
 that differ in speed. This allows multiple electronic records to be
 created for each layer unit, corresponding to the differing dye images
 formed by the emulsion layers of the same spectral sensitivity. The
 digital record formed by scanning the dye image formed by an emulsion
 layer of the highest speed is used to recreate the portion of the dye
 image to be viewed lying just above minimum density. At higher exposure
 levels second and, optionally, third electronic records can be formed by
 scanning spectrally differentiated dye images formed by the remaining
 emulsion layer or layers. These digital records contain less noise (lower
 granularity) and can be used in recreating the image to be viewed over
 exposure ranges above the threshold exposure level of the slower emulsion
 layers. This technique for lowering granularity is disclosed in greater
 detail by Sutton U.S. Pat. No. 5,314,794, the disclosure of which is here
 incorporated by reference.
 Each layer unit of the color negative elements of the invention produces a
 dye image characteristic curve gamma of less than 1.5, which facilitates
 obtaining an exposure latitude of at least 2.7 log E. A minimum acceptable
 exposure latitude of a multicolor photographic element is that which
 allows accurately recording the most extreme whites (e.g., a bride's
 wedding gown) and the most extreme blacks (e.g., a bride groom's tuxedo)
 that are likely to arise in photographic use. An exposure latitude of 2.6
 log E can just accommodate the typical bride and groom wedding scene. An
 exposure latitude of at least 3.0 log E is preferred, since this allows
 for a comfortable margin of error in exposure level selection by a
 photographer. Even larger exposure latitudes are specifically preferred,
 since the ability to obtain accurate image reproduction with larger
 exposure errors is realized. Whereas in color negative elements intended
 for printing, the visual attractiveness of the printed scene is often lost
 when gamma is exceptionally low, when color negative elements are scanned
 to create digital dye image records, contrast can be increased by
 adjustment of the electronic signal information. When the elements of the
 invention are scanned using a reflected beam, the beam travels through the
 layer units twice. This effectively doubles gamma (.DELTA.D.div..DELTA.log
 E) by doubling changes in density (.DELTA.D). Thus, gamma's as low as 1.0
 or even 0.6 are contemplated and exposure latitudes of up to about 5.0 log
 E or higher are feasible. Gammas of about 0.55 are preferred. Gammas of
 between about 0.4 and 0.5 are especially preferred.
 Instead of employing dye-forming couplers, any of the conventional
 incorporated dye image generating compounds employed in multicolor imaging
 can be alternatively incorporated in the blue, green and red recording
 layer units. Dye images can be produced by the selective destruction,
 formation or physical removal of dyes as a function of exposure. For
 example, silver dye bleach processes are well known and commercially
 utilized for forming dye images by the selective destruction of
 incorporated image dyes. The silver dye bleach process is illustrated by
 Research Disclosure, Item 38957, X. Dye image formers and modifiers, A.
 Silver dye bleach.
 It is also well known that pre-formed image dyes can be incorporated in
 blue, green and red recording layer units, the dyes being chosen to be
 initially immobile, but capable of releasing the dye chromophore in a
 mobile moiety as a function of entering into a redox reaction with
 oxidized developing agent. These compounds are commonly referred to as
 redox dye releasers (RDR's). By washing out the released mobile dyes, a
 retained dye image is created that can be scanned. It is also possible to
 transfer the released mobile dyes to a receiver, where they are
 immobilized in a mordant layer. The image-bearing receiver can then be
 scanned. Initially the receiver is an integral part of the color negative
 element. When scanning is conducted with the receiver remaining an
 integral part of the element, the receiver typically contains a
 transparent support, the dye image bearing mordant layer just beneath the
 support, and a white reflective layer just beneath the mordant layer.
 Where the receiver is peeled from the color negative element to facilitate
 scanning of the dye image, the receiver support can be reflective, as is
 commonly the choice when the dye image is intended to be viewed, or
 transparent, which allows transmission scanning of the dye image. RDR's as
 well as dye image transfer systems in which they are incorporated are
 described in Research Disclosure, Vol. 151, November 1976, Item 15162.
 It is also recognized that the dye image can be provided by compounds that
 are initially mobile, but are rendered immobile during imagewise
 development. Image transfer systems utilizing imaging dyes of this type
 have long been used in Polaroid ? dye image transfer systems. These and
 other image transfer systems compatible with the practice of the invention
 are disclosed in Research Disclosure, Vol. 176, December 1978, Item 17643,
 XXIII. Image transfer systems.
 One of the advantages of incorporating a color negative element in an image
 transfer system is that processing solution handling during photographic
 processing is not required. A common practice is to encapsulate a
 developer in a pod. When the image transfer unit containing the pod is
 passed between pressure rollers, developing agent is released from the pod
 and distributed over the uppermost processing solution permeable layer of
 the film, followed by diffusion into the recording layer units.
 Similar release of developer is possible in color negative elements
 according to the invention intended to form only a retained dye image.
 Prompt scanning at a selected stage of development can obviate the need
 for subsequent processing. For example, it is specifically contemplated to
 scan the film as it passes a fixed point after passing between a set of
 pressure (optionally heated) rollers to distribute developing agent for
 contact with the recording layer units. If silver coating coverages are
 low, as is feasible with low maximum density images and, particularly, dye
 image amplification systems [illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item
 38957, XVIII. Chemical development systems, B. Color-specific processing
 systems, paragraphs (5) through (7)], the neutral density of developed
 silver need not pose a significant impediment to the scanning retrieval of
 dye image information.
 It is possible to minimize or even eliminate reliance on bringing a
 processing agent into contact with the recording layer units for achieving
 development by relying on heat to accelerate or initiate processing. Color
 negative elements according to the invention contemplated for processing
 by heat can be elements, such as those containing i) an
 oxidation-reduction image-forming combination, such as described by
 Sheppard et al U.S. Pat. No. 1,976,302, Sorensen et al U.S. Pat. No.
 3,152,904, Morgan et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,136; ii) at least one silver
 halide developing agent and an alkaline material and/or alkali release
 material, as described in Stewart et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,312,550, Yutzy et
 al U.S. Pat. No. 3,392,020; or iii) a stabilizer or stabilizer precursor,
 as described in Humphlett et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,301,678, Haist et al U.S.
 Pat. No. 3,531,285 and Costa et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,874,946. These and
 other silver halide photothermographic imaging systems that are compatible
 with the practice of this invention are also described in greater detail
 in Research Disclosure, Vol. 170, June 1978, Item 17029. More recent
 illustrations of silver halide photothermographic imaging systems that are
 compatible with this invention are illustrated by Levy et al UK 2,318,645,
 published Apr. 29, 1998, and Japanese Kokai (published application)
 98/0133325, published May 22, 1998, and Ishikawa et al EPO 0 800 114 A2,
 published Oct. 8, 1997.
 A number of modifications of color negative elements have been suggested
 for accommodating scanning, as illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item
 38957, XIV. Scan facilitating features. These systems to the extent
 compatible with the color negative element constructions described above
 are contemplated for use in the practice of this invention. The retained
 silver and reflective (including fluorescent) interlayer constructions of
 paragraph (1) are not preferred. The features of paragraphs (2) and (3)
 are generally compatible with the preferred forms of the invention.
 When conventional yellow, magenta, and cyan image dyes are formed to read
 out the recorded scene exposures following chemical development of
 conventional exposed color photographic materials, the response of the
 red, green, and blue color recording units of the element can be
 accurately discerned by examining their densities. Densitometry is the
 measurement of transmitted light by a sample using selected colored
 filters to separate the imagewise response of the RGB image dye forming
 units into relatively independent channels. It is common to use Status M
 filters to gauge the response of color negative film elements intended for
 optical printing, and Status A filters for color reversal films intended
 for direct transmission viewing. In integral densitometry, the unwanted
 side and tail absorptions of the imperfect image dyes leads to a small
 amount of channel mixing, where part of the total response of say a
 magenta channel may come from off-peak absorptions of either the yellow or
 cyan image dyes records, or both, in neutral characteristic curves. Such
 artifacts may be negligible in the measurement of a film's spectral
 sensitivity. By appropriate mathematical treatment of the integral density
 response, these unwanted off-peak density contributions can be completely
 corrected providing analytical densities, where the response of a given
 color record is independent of the spectral contributions of the other
 image dyes. Analytical density determination has been summarized in the
 SPSE Handbook of Photographic Science and Engineering, W. Thomas, editor,
 John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1973, Section 15.3, Color Densitometry, pp.
 840-848.
 FIG. 1 compares the integral and analytical spectral sensitivity derived by
 the use of either form of densitometry in the course of the measurement of
 the speed points of image dye records formed from each of the red, green
 and blue sensitive units for a conventional color negative film intended
 for optical printing. The two forms densitometry give equivalent results.
 With elements of the invention, the degree of overlaps of sensitivity of
 the red, green and blue recording emulsion units apparently can lead to
 problems in accurately portraying the unit responsivity from integral
 densitometry. FIG. 2 shows that with a preferred embodiment of the
 invention, the off-peak absorptions of the same imperfect image dyes used
 in Sample 101 lead to increased off-peak color recording unit response
 when measured with integral densitometry, which vanishes when analytical
 densitometry is calculated to determine spectral response. It is preferred
 to calculate the spectral response of the color photographic elements of
 the invention using analytical densities. With alternate conventional
 cyan, magenta, and yellow image dyes showing reduced off-peak absorptance,
 or by the judicious selection of speed points that require larger unit
 responses that dominate the off-peak contributions, integral densities may
 be safely used to determine the color recording unit responsivity.
 When radically different selections of image dyes are employed, however,
 the use of Status M or Status A filter sets may have no distinct meaning.
 For example, if three differentiable infrared image dye-forming couplers
 with used with the red, green, and blue color recording units, then Status
 M densitometry of the imagewise exposed and developed photographic film
 may not reveal the formation of any dye images and incorrectly indicate no
 visible spectral response by the element. With such radical departures in
 image dye selections, then analytical densities, or reference printing
 densities or channel independent image-bearing electronic signals derived
 from scanning can be used to accurately gauge the spectral response of the
 photographic element.
 The wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the red recording emulsion layer
 unit falls between about 580 and 620 nm. In preferred embodiments, the red
 maximum sensitivity falls between about 580 and 610 nm. In more preferred
 forms the maximum sensitivity falls between about 580 and 605 nm and in
 most preferred forms, the red maximum sensitivity is below 600 nm. The
 wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the green recording emulsion layer
 unit falls between about 520 and 565 nm. In preferred embodiments, the
 green maximum sensitivity falls between about 520 and 550 nm. Increased
 green recording unit bandwidth and short green sensitivity are essential
 features of the invention. Thus the normalized or relative sensitivity of
 the green recording unit at 50% of the maximum sensitivity spans at least
 65 nm. More preferably, this half peak bandwidth extends over at least 70
 nm. The improved color accuracy of elements of the invention is
 attributable to high hypsochromic or short green sensitivity. The relative
 sensitivity of the green recording unit at 520 nm at least 60% of the
 maximum sensitivity exhibited by the unit, and more preferably it is at
 least 70%.
 In preferred forms of the invention, broad red sensitivity and hypsochromic
 or short red maximum red recording emulsion unit spectral response
 accompany the green spectral responsivities described above. Red recording
 emulsion layer unit relative response at 560 nm exceeds 10% of the maximum
 unit sensitivity, and more preferably it exceeds about 20%. Such high
 hypsochromic red recording unit sensitivity and high breadth of red
 response bridges the region of the spectrum between green and red and
 produces substantial overlap in the responses of the green and red
 emulsion layer units. In preferred forms of the invention, the relative
 sensitivities of the red and green recording layer units overlap between
 about 550 and 600 nm. More preferably, overlap occurs over the region
 spanning about 565 to 590 nm. The overlap should exceed at least about 35%
 of the maximum relative sensitivity of the normalized red and green
 recording layer units spectral response. In more preferred embodiments,
 the point of overlap where the spectral sensitivities are equal exceeds at
 least 45% of the maximum relative sensitivity. Overlap points exceeding
 55% are contemplated to minimize metameric color capture failure
 completely.
 Image noise can be reduced, where the images are obtained by scanning
 exposed and processed color negative film elements to obtain a
 manipulatable electronic record of the image pattern, followed by
 reconversion of the adjusted electronic record to a viewable form. Image
 sharpness and colorfulness can be increased by designing layer gamma
 ratios to be within a narrow range while avoiding or minimizing other
 performance deficiencies, where the color record is placed in an
 electronic form prior to recreating a color image to be viewed. Whereas it
 is impossible to separate image noise from the remainder of the image
 information, either in printing or by manipulating an electronic image
 record, it is possible by adjusting an electronic image record that
 exhibits low noise, as is provided by color negative film elements with
 low gamma ratios, to improve overall curve shape and sharpness
 characteristics in a manner that is impossible to achieve by known
 printing techniques. Thus, images can be recreated from electronic image
 records derived from such color negative elements that are superior to
 those similarly derived from conventional color negative elements
 constructed to serve optical printing applications. The excellent imaging
 characteristics of the described element are obtained when the gamma ratio
 for each of the red, green and blue color recording units is less than
 1.2. In a more preferred embodiment, the red, green, and blue light
 sensitive color forming units each exhibit gamma ratios of less than 1.15.
 In an even more preferred embodiment, the red and blue light sensitive
 color forming units each exhibit gamma ratios of less than 1.10. In a most
 preferred embodiment, the red, green, and blue light sensitive color
 forming units each exhibit gamma ratios of less than 1.10. In all cases,
 it is preferred that the individual color unit(s) exhibit gamma ratios of
 less than 1.15, more preferred that they exhibit gamma ratios of less than
 1.10 and even more preferred that they exhibit gamma ratios of less than
 1.05. The gamma ratios of the layer units need not be equal. These low
 values of the gamma ratio are indicative of low levels of interlayer
 interaction, also known as interlayer interimage effects, between the
 layer units and are believed to account for the improved quality of the
 images after scanning and electronic manipulation. The apparently
 deleterious image characteristics that result from chemical interactions
 between the layer units need not be electronically suppressed during the
 image manipulation activity. The interactions are often difficult if not
 impossible to suppress properly using known electronic image manipulation
 schemes.
 Additionally, the color purity of the layer units should be maintained.
 Practically, this is achieved when the gamma ratios of the red, green, and
 blue color units are each greater than 0.80, preferably greater than 0.85,
 more preferably greater than 0.90, and most preferably greater than 0.95
 so as to provide for adequate color separation during the overall image
 forming process. The minimum gamma ratio can be adjusted by selection of
 image couplers to be employed such that the unwanted absorptions of the
 dyes formed from such couplers during a development process are minimized.
 Many of the dye forming couplers originally employed in color photography
 are incapable of achieving this level of gamma ratio since their dye
 absorptances are excessively broad. Likewise, selection of the specific
 color developing agent can be a factor in adjusting the minimum gamma
 ratio. Non-imagewise formation of dyes during the development process
 should also be limited or eliminated as, for example, by inclusion of
 interlayers having adequate quantities of oxidized developer scavengers
 and by the minimization of solution physical development. Further,
 adequate removal of non-imagewise densities as from retained silver or
 dyes from the element during processing enhances the color purity of the
 layer units.
 The gamma ratios described are realized by limiting or excluding colored
 masking couplers from the elements of the invention intended for color
 negative development. They are also realized by proper selection of DIR
 compounds. It is recognized that the gamma ratios may also be attained in
 other ways. In one concrete example, judicious choice and balancing of
 light sensitive emulsion halide content, may be employed to minimize the
 gamma ratio by minimizing the interaction of individual color records
 during development. Emulsion iodide content may be particularly critical
 in this role. Selection of the quantity of emulsion to be employed in each
 light sensitive layer and the sensitization conditions employed may also
 be critical. Further, the use of so-called barrier layers which retard the
 flow of development inhibitors or of development by-products, such as
 halide ion, between layers so as to chemically isolate individual color
 recording units during development may also enable one to achieve this
 condition. In another concrete example, fine grained non-light sensitive
 silver halide or silver particles may be employed to isolate color
 recording layers. In yet another concrete example, polymer containing
 layers, including those described by Pearce et al in U.S. Pat. No.
 5,254,441, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference, may
 also be employed to isolate color recording layers. In a further concrete
 example, couplers and addenda which decrease chemical interactions between
 color layers may be advantageously employed. These materials include the
 ballasted mercaptotetrazole and derivative releasing couplers such as are
 described by Singer et al in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/015,197
 filed Jan. 29, 1998, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
 Elements having excellent light sensitivity are best employed in the
 practice of this invention. The elements should have a sensitivity of at
 least about ISO 50, preferably have a sensitivity of at least about ISO
 100, and more preferably have a sensitivity of at least about ISO 200.
 Elements having a sensitivity of up to ISO 3200 or even higher are
 specifically contemplated. The speed, or sensitivity, of a color negative
 photographic element is inversely related to the exposure required to
 enable the attainment of a specified density above fog after processing.
 Photographic speed for a color negative element with a gamma of about 0.65
 in each color record has been specifically defined by the American
 National Standards Institute (ANSI) as ANSI Standard Number PH 2.27-1981
 (ISO (ASA Speed)) and relates specifically the average of exposure levels
 required to produce a density of 0.15 above the minimum density in each of
 the green light sensitive and least sensitive color recording unit of a
 color film. This definition conforms to the International Standards
 Organization (ISO) film speed rating. For the purposes of this
 application, if the color unit gammas differ from 0.65, the ASA or ISO
 speed is to be calculated by linearly amplifying or deamplifying the gamma
 vs. log E (exposure) curve to a value of 0.65 before determining the speed
 in the otherwise defined manner.
 EXAMPLES
 The invention can be better appreciated by reference to the following
 specific embodiments. All coating coverages are reported in parentheses in
 terms of g/m2, except as otherwise indicated. Silver halide coating
 coverages are reported in terms of silver.
 PLURAL EMULSION LAYER BLUE, GREEN, AND RED RECORDING LAYER UNIT ELEMENTS
 Component Properties
 Glossary of Acronyms

HBS-1 Tritolyl phosphate
 HBS-2 Di-n-butyl phthalate
 HBS-3 N-n-Butyl acetanilide
 HBS-4 Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
 HBS-5 Di-n-butyl sebacate
 HBS-6 N,N-Diethyl lauramide
 HBS-7 1,4-Cyclohexylenedimethylene bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
 H-1 Bis(vinylsulfonyl) methane
 ##STR1##
 ##STR2##
 ##STR3##
 ##STR4##
 ##STR5##
 EXAMPLES
 Color Negative Subdivided Unit Element Properties
 Red Light Sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EC-01, EC-02, EC-03, EC-04, and
 EC-05 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out
 in Table 1-1 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent
 of total grain projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EC-01
 through EC-05 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition,
 these emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-08, SD-07,
 SD-09, SD-10, and SD-11 in a 40:31:18:7:4 molar ratio. The wavelength of
 peak light absorption for all emulsions was around 570 nm, and the
 half-peak absorption bandwidth was around 100 nm.
 TABLE 1-1
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EC-01 2.20 0.12 18.3 3.9
 EC-02 1.30 0.10 13.0 3.7
 EC-03 0.90 0.12 7.5 3.7
 EC-04 0.52 0.12 4.3 3.7
 EC-05 0.57 0.07 8.1 1.3
 Green Light-sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EM-01, EM-02, EM-03, and EM-04
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in 1-2
 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of total grain
 projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EM-01 through EM-04
 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, emulsions EM-01
 and EM-02 were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-04, SD-05, SD-06,
 and SD-07 in a 39.4:39.4:13.4:7.8 molar ratio. Emulsions EM-03 and EM-04
 were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-04, SD-05, SD-06, and SD-07
 in a 32.5:32.5:20:15 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light absorption
 for all emulsions was around 540 nm, and the half-peak absorption
 bandwidth was around 75 nm. Substantial absorption was provided at 520,
 550, and 560 nm.
 TABLE 1-2
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EM-01 1.50 0.29 5.2 3.6
 EM-02 1.60 0.24 6.7 3.6
 EM-03 0.90 0.12 7.5 3.7
 EM-04 0.57 0.07 8.1 1.3
 Blue Light Sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EY-01, EY-02, EY-03, EY-04, and
 EY-05 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out
 in Table 1-3 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent
 of total grain projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EY-01
 through EY-05 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition,
 these emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-01, SD-02,
 and SD-03 in a 49:31:20 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light
 absorption for all emulsions was around 456 nm, and the half-peak dye
 absorption bandwidth was around 50 nm.
 TABLE 1-3
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EY-01 4.10 0.13 31.5 3.7
 EY-02 2.20 0.12 18.3 3.9
 EY-03 1.30 0.10 13.0 3.7
 EY-04 0.52 0.12 4.3 3.7
 EY-05 0.57 0.07 8.1 1.3
 Red Light Sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EC-06, EC-07, EC-08, and EC-09
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in
 Table 1-4 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of
 total grain projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EC-06
 through EC-09 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition,
 these emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-09 and SD-10
 in a 2:1 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light absorption for all
 emulsions was around 628 nm, and the half-peak absorption bandwidth was
 around 44 nm.
 TABLE 1-4
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EC-06 2.60 0.12 21.7 3.7
 EC-07 1.30 0.12 10.8 4.1
 EC-08 0.55 0.08 6.9 1.5
 EC-09 0.66 0.12 5.5 4.1
 Green Light-sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EM-05, EM-06, EM-07, and EM-08
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in
 Table 1-5 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of
 total grain projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EM-05
 through EM-08 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition,
 emulsions EM-05 through EM-08 were optimally spectrally sensitized with
 SD-05 and SD-12 in a four and a half to one molar ratio of dye. The
 wavelength of peak light absorption for all emulsions was around 545 nm,
 and the half-peak dyed absorption bandwidth was around 48 nm for all
 emulsions.
 TABLE 1-5
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EM-05 2.50 0.14 17.9 4.1
 EM-06 1.20 0.11 10.9 4.1
 EM-07 0.92 0.12 7.7 4.1
 EM-08 0.81 0.12 6.8 2.6
 Blue Light Sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EY-06, EY-07, EY-08, and EY-09
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in
 Table 1-6 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of
 total grain projected area in all instances. Emulsion EY-06, a thick
 conventional grain was also provided. Each of Emulsions EY-06 through
 EY-09 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, these
 emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-01 and SD-02 in a
 one to one molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light dye absorption for
 all emulsions was around 462 nm, and a second peak was present at around
 442 nm. The half-peak dyed absorption bandwidth was around 45 mn for all
 emulsions.
 TABLE 1-6
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EY-06 1.04 Not applicable Not applicable 9.0
 EY-07 1.30 0.14 9.3 4.1
 EY-08 0.77 0.14 5.5 1.5
 EY-09 0.55 0.08 6.9 1.5
 Red Light Sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain unsensitized emulsions EC-10, EC-11,
 EC-12, EC-13, and EC-14 were identical to the unsensitized EC-01, EC-02,
 EC-03, EC-04, and EC-05, respectively. Each of emulsions EC-10 through
 EC-14 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, these
 emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-05, SD-08, SD-07,
 SD-09, SD-10, and SD-11 in a 10:55:15:8:8:4 molar ratio. The wavelength of
 peak light absorption for all emulsions was around 567 nm, and the
 half-peak absorption bandwidth was around 70 nm.
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions unsensitized EC-15, EC-16,
 EC-17, EC-18, and EC-19 were identical to the unsensitized EC-01, EC-02,
 EC-03, EC-04, and EC-05, respectively. Each of emulsions EC-15 through
 EC-19 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, these
 emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-17, SD-18, and
 SD-11 in a 55:35:10 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light absorption
 for all emulsions was around 578, with a second peak at 610 nm. The
 half-peak absorption bandwidth was over 59 nm.
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain unsensitized emulsions EC-20, EC-21,
 EC-22, EC-23, and EC-24 were identical to the unsensitized EC-01, EC-02,
 EC-03, EC-04, and EC-05, respectively. Each of emulsions EC-20 through
 EC-24 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, these
 emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-10 and SD-19 in a
 9:1 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light absorption for all emulsions
 was around 653 nm, and the half-peak absorption bandwidth was around 36
 nm.
 Green Light-sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EM-09, EM-10, EM-11, and EM-12
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in
 Table 1-7 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of
 total grain projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EM-09
 through EM-12 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, the
 emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-13, SD-05, SD-06,
 and SD-07 in a 15:50:20:15 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light
 absorption for all emulsions was around 558 nm, and the half-peak
 absorption bandwidth was around 73 nm. Substantial absorption was provided
 at 520, 550, and 560 nm.
 TABLE 1-7
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EM-09 2.40 0.12 20.0 3.6
 EM-10 1.30 0.10 13.0 3.7
 EM-11 0.90 0.12 7.5 3.7
 EM-11 0.57 0.07 8.1 1.3
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EM-13, EM-14, EM-15, and EM-16
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in
 Table 1-8 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of
 total grain projected area in all instances. Each of emulsions EM-13
 through EM-16 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition, the
 emulsions EM-13 and EM-14 were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-14,
 SD-05, and SD-15 in a 23.6:38.2:38.2 molar ratio. Emulsions EM-15 and
 EM-16 were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-14, SD-05, and SD-16 in
 a 23.6:38.2:38.2 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light absorption for
 all emulsions was around 542 nm, and the half-peak absorption bandwidth
 was around 25 nm.
 TABLE 1-8
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EM-13 1.40 0.30 4.7 3.5
 EM-14 0.70 0.34 2.1 3.5
 EM-15 0.90 0.12 7.5 3.7
 EM-16 0.57 0.07 8.1 1.3
 Blue Light Sensitive Emulsions
 Silver iodobromide tabular grain emulsions EY-10, EY-11, EY-12, and EY-13
 were provided having the significant grain characteristics set out in
 Table 1-9 below. Tabular grains accounted for greater than 70 percent of
 total grain projected area in all instances. Each of Emulsions EY-10
 through EY-13 were optimally sulfur and gold sensitized. In addition,
 these emulsions were optimally spectrally sensitized with SD-01 and SD-02
 in a 1:1 molar ratio. The wavelength of peak light dye absorption for all
 emulsions was around 462 nm, and a second peak was present at around 442
 nm. The half-peak dyed absorption bandwidth was around 45 nm for all
 emulsions.
 TABLE 1-9
 Emulsion size and iodide content
 Average Average Iodide
 grain ECD Average grain Average Content (mol
 Emulsion (.mu.m) thickness, (.mu.m) Aspect Ratio %)
 EY-10 2.2 0.12 18.3 3.9
 EY-11 1.30 0.10 13.0 3.7
 EY-12 0.52 0.12 4.3 3.7
 EY-13 0.57 0.07 8.1 1.3
 COLOR NEGATIVE ELEMENT PROPERTIES
 All coating coverages are reported in parenthesis in terms of g/m2, except
 as otherwise indicated. Silver halide coating coverages are reported in
 terms of silver.
 The slower, mid-speed, and faster emulsion layers within each of the blue
 (BU), green (GU), and red (RU) recording layer units are indicated by the
 prefix S, M, and F, respectively.
 Sample 101 (Invention)
 This sample was prepared by applying the following layers in the sequence
 recited to a transparent film support of cellulose triacetate with
 conventional subbing layers, with the red recording layer unit coated
 nearest the support. The side of the support to be coated had been
 prepared by the application of gelatin subbing.

Layer 10: SBU Changes
 Emulsion EY-05, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EY-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EY-03, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EY-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EY-13, silver content (0.269)
 Emulsion EY-12, silver content (0.215)
 Emulsion EY-11, silver content (0.247)
 Emulsion EY-10, silver content (0.323)
 Layer 11: FBU Changes
 Emulsion EY-01 (0.000)
 Emulsion EY-06 (0.699)
 Sample 104 (Invention) color photographic recording material for color
 negative development was prepared exactly as above in Sample 101, except
 where noted below.

Layer 2: SRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-63, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-05, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-12, silver content (0.430)
 Emulsion EC-13, silver content (0.215)
 Emulsion EC-14, silver content (0.269)
 Layer 3: MRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-11, silver content (1.076)
 Layer 4: FRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-01, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-10, silver content (01.291)
 Layer 6: SGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-03, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-11, silver content (0.323)
 Emulsion EM-12, silver content (0.215)
 Layer 7: MGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-10, silver content (0.968)
 Layer 8: FGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-01, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-09, silver content (0.968)
 Sample 105 (Comparative control) color photographic recording material for
 color negative development was prepared exactly as above in Sample 103,
 except where noted below.

Layer 2: SRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-03, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-05, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-17, silver content (0.430)
 Emulsion EC-18, silver content (0.215)
 Emulsion EC-19, silver content (0.269)
 Layer 3: MRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-16, silver content (1.076)
 Layer 4: FRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-01, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-15, silver content (1.291)
 Layer 6: SGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-03, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-15, silver content (0.323)
 Emulsion EM-16, silver content (0.215)
 Layer 7: MGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-14, silver content (0.968)
 Layer 8: FGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-01, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-13, silver content (0.968)
 Sample 106 (Comparative control) color photographic recording-material for
 color negative development was prepared exactly as above in Sample 101,
 except where noted below.

Layer 6: SGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-03, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-15, silver content (0.323)
 Emulsion EM-16, silver content (0.215)
 Layer 7: MGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-14, silver content (0.968)
 Layer 8: FGU Changes
 Emulsion EM-01, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EM-13, silver content (0.968)
 Sample 107 (Comparative control) color photographic recording material for
 color negative development was prepared exactly as above in Sample 101,
 except where noted below.

Layer 2: SRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-03, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-04, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-05, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-22, silver content (0.430)
 Emulsion EC-23, silver content (0.215)
 Emulsion EC-24, silver content (0.269)
 Layer 3: MRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-02, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-21, silver content (1.076)
 Layer 4: FRU Changes
 Emulsion EC-01, silver content (0.000)
 Emulsion EC-20, silver content (1.291)
 The sensitivities over the visible spectrum of the individual color units
 of the photographic recording materials, Samples 101-107, were determined
 in 5-nm increments using nearly monochromatic light of carefully
 calibrated output from 360 to 715 nm. Photographic recording materials
 Samples 101-107 were individually exposed for 1/100 of a second to white
 light from a tungsten light source of 3000K color temperature that was
 filtered by a Daylight Va filter to 5500K and by a monochromator with a
 4-nm bandpass resolution through a graduated 0-4.0 density step tablet
 with 0.3-density step increments to determine their speed. The samples
 were then processed using the KODAK FLEXICOLOR.TM. C-41 Process, as
 described by The British Journal of Photography Annual of 1988, pp.
 196-198. Another description of the use of the FLEXICOLOR.TM. process is
 provided by Using Kodak Flexicolor Chemicals, Kodak Publication No. Z-131,
 Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y.
 Following processing and drying, Samples 101-107 were subjected to Status M
 densitometry and their sensitometric performance over the visible spectrum
 was characterized. The exposure required to produce a density increase of
 0.20 above Dmin was determined for the color recording units at each 5-nm
 increment exposed. The exposure distribution for each of the red, green
 and blue responsivities was normalized by its maximum sensitivity to
 convert each of the 5-nm sample sensitivities to relative sensitivities
 for plotting as a function of wavelength, as in FIGS. 1 and 2. A second
 set of speeds was generated by taking the Status M densitometry and
 transforming it to analytical densities using a 3.times.3 matrix treatment
 appropriate for the image dye set according to methods disclosed in the
 art cited earlier. The exposure required to produce a analytical density
 increase of 0.20 above Dmin was determined for the color recording units
 at each 5-nm increment exposed. The exposure distribution for each of the
 red, green and blue responsivities was normalized by its maximum
 sensitivity to convert each of the 5-nm sample sensitivities to relative
 sensitivities for plotting, as also in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIGS. 3 to 9 as
 well.
 The spectral sensitivity response of the photographic recording materials
 was also used to determine the relative calorimetric accuracy of color
 negative materials Samples 101-107 in recording a particular diverse set
 of 200 different color patches according to the method disclosed by
 Giorgianni et al, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,961. The computed color error
 variance is included in Table 3-1. This error value relates to the color
 difference between the CIELAB space coordinates of the specified set of
 test colors and the space coordinates resulting from a specific
 transformation of the test colors as rendered by the film. In particular,
 the test patch input spectral reflectance values for a given light source
 are convolved with the sample photographic materials' spectral sensitivity
 response to estimate calorimetric recording capability. It should be noted
 that the computed color error is sensitive to the responses of all three
 input color records, and an improved response by one record may not
 overcome the responses of one or two other limiting color records. A color
 error difference of at least 1 unit corresponds to a significant
 difference in color recording accuracy. The points divergence of the
 comparative controls from the requirements of the invention are
 highlighted in bold.
 When red emulsion unit maximum sensitivity greater than 620 nm was
 employed, as in conventional optical print color negative films containing
 colored masking couplers (e.g. Sample 102, comparative control), a
 substantial color error of 10 or higher resulted, indicating quite
 significant metameric color failure at the time of capture of the scene
 light exposures. The use of more hypsochromic red spectral sensitivities
 with peak response below 620 nm of and by itself was insufficient to
 produce calorimetrically accurate recording. Sample 105, which is
 representative of color matching function spectral sensitivity films of
 the art, provided the required wavelengths of maximum sensitivity, and
 appreciable overlap between the green and red recording unit's spectral
 sensitivity. But Sample 105 and 106 both provided green unit breadth of
 sensitivity under 65 nm and short green sensitivity at 520 nm well below
 60%, and consequently inadequate color accuracy levels resulted.
 The use of more hypsochromic, broad green spectral sensitivities with peak
 response below 565 nm of and by itself was insufficient to produce
 calorimetrically accurate recording as well. The combination of maximum
 green sensitivity of between about 520 and 565 nm, overall half-maximum
 relative sensitivity bandwidth of greater than 65 nm, and relative
 sensitivity at 520 nm of at least 60% of maximum with a red emulsion unit
 maximum sensitivity of greater than 620 nm in Sample 107 likewise produced
 a high color error indicating poor color accuracy. Only when all of the
 requirements of the invention are met simultaneously does a marked
 reduction in color error variance occur which is indicative of much higher
 color recording fidelity (e.g. inventive Samples 101, 103, and 104). These
 Samples representing preferred embodiments of the invention are much
 better suited for providing image records of the incident scene light for
 electronic image processing into viewable form which have significantly
 reduced metameric color failure or fewer artifacts due to illuminant
 metamerism.
 TABLE 2-1
 Multicolor recording material spectral
 sensitivity
 GU
 RU and GU
 emulsion GU
 RU and GU equal relative RU emulsion
 relative emulsion
 equal relative emulsion relative
 RU emulsion GU emulsion BU emulsion sensitivity relative
 emulsion sensitivity as sensitivity
 sensitivity sensitivity sensitivity half-peak sensitivity
 at sensitivity fraction of at Capture
 .lambda.max .lambda.max .lambda.max bandwidth 520 nm
 .lambda.max maximum 560 nm Color
 Sample (nm) (nm) (nm) (nm) (%)
 (nm) (%) (%) Error
 101 (Inv) 596 540 457 73 72
 572 53 29 2.7
 102 (Comp) 625 546 472 49 45
 583 18 3 10.0
 103 (Inv) 592 541 471 72 73
 573 51 27 3.2
 104 (Inv) 593 564 453 80 69
 577 57 17 2.2
 105 (Comp) 581 546 470 26 43
 555 30 47 7.5
 106 (Comp) 592 546 458 27 42
 555 45 75 12.0
 107 (Comp) 653 541 422 70 69
 582 22 4 14.5
 The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to
 certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that
 variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope
 of the invention.