Liquid immersion member, exposure apparatus, exposure method, and device manufacturing method

A liquid immersion member forms a liquid immersion space between the member and a movable object such that an optical path of exposure light is filled with liquid. The liquid immersion member includes: a first plate that is disposed at least partially around the optical path; a second plate that is disposed at least partially around the optical path, and has an upper surface, opposed to at least a part of a lower surface of the first plate, and a lower surface which can be opposed to the object; and a collection port that is disposed outside the first plate with respect to the optical path, can be at least partially opposed to the object, and collects at least some of the liquid from a first space, which the upper surface of the second plate faces, and a second space which the lower surface of the second plate faces.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a liquid immersion member, an exposure apparatus, an exposure method, and a device manufacturing method.

BACKGROUND

As an exposure apparatus used in a photolithography process, for example, as disclosed in the following patent document, an immersion exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate with exposure light through liquid is known.

RELATED ART DOCUMENTS

Patent Documents

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

In immersion exposure apparatuses, in a state where a liquid immersion space is formed on an object such as a substrate, for example, when an object is moved at a high velocity, or when it is moved by a long distance, there is a possibility that liquid flows out or liquid (a film, droplets, and the like) remains on the object. As a result, there is a possibility that exposure failures occur or a defective device is produced.

According to an aspect of the present invention, it is an object to provide a liquid immersion member, an exposure apparatus, and an exposure method capable of preventing exposure failures from occurring. Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, it is an object to provide a device-manufacturing method capable of preventing a defective device from being produced.

Means for Solving the Problem

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a liquid immersion member that forms a liquid immersion space between the member and a movable object such that an optical path of exposure light is filled with liquid. The liquid immersion member includes: a first plate that is disposed at least partially around the optical path; a second plate that is disposed at least partially around the optical path, and has an upper surface, which is opposed to at least a part of a lower surface of the first plate, and a lower surface which can be opposed to the object; and a collection port that is disposed outside the first plate with respect to the optical path, can be at least partially opposed to the object, and collects at least some of the liquid from a first space, which the upper surface of the second plate faces, and a second space which the lower surface of the second plate faces.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate with exposure light through liquid. The exposure apparatus includes the liquid immersion member of the first aspect.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device manufacturing method including: exposing a substrate using the exposure apparatus of the second aspect; and developing the exposed substrate.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exposure method of exposing a substrate with exposure light through liquid. The exposure method includes: forming a liquid immersion space such that an optical path of exposure light between an emission surface of an optical member and a front surface of the substrate is filled with the liquid; irradiating the substrate with the exposure light from the emission surface through the liquid of the liquid immersion space; and collecting at least some of the liquid from a first space between a lower surface of a first plate, which is disposed at least partially around the optical path, and an upper surface of a second plate, which is disposed at least partially around the optical path, and a second space between a lower surface of the second plate and a front surface of the substrate, through a collection port which is disposed outside the first plate with respect to the optical path and can be at least partially opposed to the substrate.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device manufacturing method including: exposing a substrate using the exposure method of the fourth aspect; and developing the exposed substrate.

Advantage of the Invention

According to some aspects of the present invention, it is possible to prevent exposure failures from occurring. Further, according to some aspects of the present invention, it is possible to prevent a defective device being produced.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In the following descriptions, an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system is established, and the positional relationships of members are described with reference to this XYZ orthogonal coordinate system. A prescribed direction in the horizontal plane is taken to be the X-axis direction; the direction in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the X-axis direction is taken to be the Y-axis direction; and the direction (that is, the vertical direction) perpendicular to both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is taken to be the Z-axis direction. The rotation (inclination) directions about the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis are respectively the θX, θY, and θZ directions.

First Embodiment

The first embodiment will be described.FIG. 1is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an exposure apparatus EX according to the first embodiment. The exposure apparatus EX of the present embodiment is an immersion exposure apparatus which exposes a substrate P with exposure light EL through a liquid LQ. In the present embodiment, a liquid immersion space LS is formed such that at least a part of the optical path of the exposure light EL is filled with the liquid LQ. The liquid immersion space is a section (space, region) filled with the liquid. The substrate P is exposed with the exposure light EL through the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS. In the present embodiment, water (pure water) is used as the liquid LQ.

InFIG. 1, the exposure apparatus EX has a mask stage1which is able to move while holding a mask M; a substrate stage2which is able to move while holding the substrate P; an illumination system IL which illuminates the mask M with exposure light EL; a projection optical system PL which projects an image of a pattern of the mask M, illuminated with exposure light EL, onto the substrate P; a liquid immersion member3which forms the liquid immersion space LS between itself and the substrate P such that the optical path K of the exposure light EL with which the substrate P is irradiated is filled with the liquid LQ; and a control device4which controls operations of the entire exposure apparatus EX.

The mask M includes reticles on which are formed device patterns for projection onto the substrate P. The mask M includes, for example, a transparent plate such as a glass plate, and a transmissive mask which has a pattern formed on the transparent using a light shielding material such as chromium. In addition, as the mask M, a reflective mask may be used.

The substrate P is a substrate used to manufacture devices. The substrate P includes, for example, a base such as a semiconductor wafer and a photosensitive film formed on the base. A photosensitive film is a film of a photosensitive material (photoresist). Further, the substrate P may include a separate film in addition to the photosensitive film. For example, the substrate P may include an antireflective film, and may include a protective film (topcoat film) which protects the photosensitive film.

The illumination system IL irradiates the exposure light EL to a prescribed illumination region IR. The illumination region IR includes a position to which the exposure light EL emitted from the illumination system IL can be irradiated. The illumination system IL illuminates at least a part of the mask M, which is disposed on the illumination region IR, with the exposure light EL having a uniform luminous flux intensity distribution. As the exposure light EL emitted from the illumination system IL, for example, bright lines (g-line, h-line, i-line) emitted from a mercury lamp, deep ultraviolet (DUV) light such KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm), and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light such as ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), and F2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm) may be used. In the present embodiment, ArF excimer laser light, which is ultraviolet light (vacuum ultraviolet light), is used as the exposure light EL.

The mask stage1is able to move, while holding the mask M, on a guiding surface5G of a base member5including the illumination region IR. The mask stage1is moved by an operation of a driving system including a planar motor disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,452,292. The planar motor has a slider, which is disposed on the mask stage1, and a stator which is disposed on the base member5. In the present embodiment, the mask stage1is capable of moving in six directions along the guiding surface5G, that is, the X axis, Y axis, Z axis, θX, θY, and θZ directions, by the operation of the driving system.

The projection optical system PL irradiates the exposure light EL to a prescribed projection region PR. The projection region PR includes a position to which the exposure light EL emitted from the projection optical system PL can be irradiated. The projection optical system PL projects with a prescribed projection magnification an image of the pattern of the mask M to at least a part of the substrate P, which is disposed in the projection region PR. The projection optical system PL of the present embodiment is a reduction system that has a projection magnification of, for example, ¼, ⅕, or ⅛. Furthermore, the projection optical system PL may be a unity magnification system or an enlargement system. In the present embodiment, an optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL is parallel to the Z axis. In addition, the projection optical system PL may be a dioptric system that does not include catoptric elements, a catoptric system that does not include dioptric elements, or a catadioptric system that includes both catoptric and dioptric elements. In addition, the projection optical system PL may form either an inverted or an erect image.

The projection optical system PL has an emission surface6from which the exposure light EL is emitted and travels toward an image plane of the projection optical system PL. The emission surface6belongs to a terminal optical element7, which is closest to the image plane of the projection optical system PL, among the optical element of the plurality of optical elements of the projection optical system. PL. The projection region PR includes a position to which the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6can be irradiated. In the present embodiment, the emission surface6faces the −Z direction and is parallel to the XY plane. Further, the emission surface6, which faces the −Z direction, may be a convex or concave surface. The exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6travels in the −Z direction.

The substrate stage2is able to move, while holding the substrate P, on a guiding surface8G of a base member8which includes the projection region PR. The substrate stage2is moved by the operation of driving system including a planar motor disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,452,292. The planar motor has a slider, which is disposed on the substrate stage2, and a stator which is disposed on the base member8. In the present embodiment, the substrate stage2is capable of moving in six directions along the guiding surface8G, that is, the X axis, Y axis, Z axis, θX, θY, and θZ directions, by the operation of the driving system.

The substrate stage2has a substrate holding section9which releasably holds the substrate P. The substrate holding section9holds the substrate P such that the front surface thereof faces the +Z direction. In the present embodiment, the substrate holding section9holds the substrate P such that the front surface of the substrate P and the XY plane are substantially parallel to each other. In the present embodiment, the front surface of the substrate P held by the substrate holding section9and an upper surface10of the substrate stage2disposed around the substrate P are disposed within the same plane (disposed to be coplanar). The upper surface10is flat. In the present embodiment, the front surface of the substrate P, which is held by the substrate holding section9, and the upper surface10of the substrate stage2are substantially parallel to the XY plane.

Further, in the present embodiment, the substrate stage2includes a plate member holding section11which releasably holds a plate member T as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0177125 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0049209. In the present embodiment, the upper surface10of the substrate stage2includes an upper surface of the plate member T which is held by the plate member holding section11.

Furthermore, the plate member T may not be releasable. In such a case, the plate member holding section11can be omitted. In addition, the front surface of the substrate P, which is held by the substrate holding section9, and the upper surface10thereof may not be disposed within the same plane, and at least one of the front surface of the substrate P and the upper surface10may not be parallel to the XY plane.

In the present embodiment, an interferometer system12, which includes laser interferometer units12A and12B, measures the positions of the mask stage1and the substrate stage2. The laser interferometer unit12A is capable of measuring the position of the mask stage1using measurement mirrors which are disposed on the mask stage1. The laser interferometer unit12B is capable of measuring the position of the substrate stage2using measurement mirrors which are disposed on the substrate stage2. When an exposure process or a prescribed measurement process is performed on the substrate P, the control device4controls the positions of the mask stage1(the mask M) and the substrate stage2(the substrate P) on the basis of the measurement results of the interferometer system12.

In the present embodiment, the exposure apparatus EX is a scanning type exposure apparatus (a so-called scanning stepper) that projects the image of the pattern of the mask M onto the substrate P while synchronously moving the mask M and the substrate P in prescribed scanning directions. In the present embodiment, the scanning direction (the synchronous movement direction) of the substrate P is set to the Y axis direction, and the scanning direction (the synchronous movement direction) of the mask M is also set to the Y axis direction. The control device4irradiates the substrate P with the exposure light EL through the projection optical system PL and the liquid LQ in the immersion space LS above the substrate P while moving the substrate P in the Y axis direction relative to the projection region PR of the projection optical system PL and moving the mask M in the Y axis direction relative to the illumination region IR of the illumination system IL in synchronization with the movement of the substrate P in the Y axis direction.

Next, referring toFIGS. 2 to 5, the liquid immersion member3will be described.FIG. 2is a side cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid immersion member3according to the present embodiment.FIG. 3is a diagram illustrating an example of the liquid immersion member3as viewed from the −Z side (the lower side).FIG. 4is a diagram illustrating a part ofFIG. 2in an enlarged manner.FIG. 5is a diagram illustrating a part ofFIG. 4in an enlarged manner.

The liquid immersion member3forms the immersion space LS by holding the liquid LQ between itself and an object, which is disposed in the projection region PR, such that the optical path K of the exposure light EL irradiated to the object is filled with the liquid LQ. The liquid immersion space LS is formed such that the optical path K of the exposure light EL between the terminal optical element7and the object is filled with the liquid LQ. In the present embodiment, the object, which can be disposed in the projection region PR, includes an object which is movable in the projection region PR. In the present embodiment, the object includes at least one of the substrate stage2(the plate member T) and the substrate P which is held by the substrate stage2. The liquid immersion member3forms the liquid immersion space LS between itself and the movable object such that the optical path K of the exposure light EL is filled with the liquid LQ. In the exposure of the substrate P, the liquid immersion member3holds the liquid LQ between itself and the substrate P such that the optical path K of the exposure light EL with which the substrate P is irradiated is filled with the liquid LQ, thereby forming the liquid immersion space LS. In the following description referring toFIGS. 2 to 5, a description will be given of an exemplary case where the liquid immersion member3forms the liquid immersion space LS between itself and the substrate P. However, the liquid immersion space LS may be formed between itself and, for example, the substrate stage2(the plate member T).

In the present embodiment, the liquid immersion member3includes: a first plate section21that is disposed at least partially around the optical path K of the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6; a second plate section22that is disposed at least partially around the optical path K, and has an upper surface22A, of which at least a part is opposed to a lower surface21B of the first plate section21, and a lower surface22B which can be opposed to the substrate P (the object); and a collection port32that is disposed outside the first plate section21with respect to the optical path K, can be at least partially opposed to the substrate P, and collects at least some of the liquid from a first space S1, which the upper surface22A of the second plate section22faces, and a second space S2which the lower surface22B of the second plate section22faces. Further, the liquid immersion member3includes a main body section20of which at least a part is disposed around the terminal optical element7. In the present embodiment, the main body section20and the first plate section21are formed as a single body. The second plate section22and the first plate section21are formed as separate bodies.

In the present embodiment, the main body section20and the first plate section21are annular members. At least a part of the main body section20is disposed around the terminal optical element7. The first plate section21is disposed around the optical path K. Further, in the present embodiment, the second plate section22is also an annular member. The second plate section22is disposed around the optical path K.

In addition, at least one of the main body section20, the first plate section21, and the second plate section22may not be an annular member. For example, the second plate section22may be disposed partially around the optical path K.

The main body section20has an inner surface20A which is opposed to a side surface13of the terminal optical element7. The side surface13is disposed around the emission surface6. The side surface13is a surface from which the exposure light EL is not emitted. In the present embodiment, the side surface13is inclined in the +Z direction toward the outside in the radiation direction of the optical path K. The +Z direction is a direction opposite to a direction (the −Z direction) in which the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6travels.

The first plate section21has an upper surface21A and the lower surface21B which is opposite to the upper surface21A. The upper surface21A faces toward the +Z direction. The lower surface21B faces toward the −Z direction. At least a part of the upper surface21A is opposed to the emission surface6. Further, the first plate section21has an opening21K through which the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6can be transmitted. The upper surface21A and the lower surface21B are disposed around the optical path K (the opening21K).

In the present embodiment, the upper surface21A is flat, and is substantially parallel to the XY plane. The lower surface21B is flat, and is substantially parallel to the XY plane. In addition, the upper surface21A and the lower surface21B may not be parallel to each other, and may be different in thickness in the Z axis direction.

The second plate section22has the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B which is opposite to the upper surface22A. The upper surface22A faces toward the +Z direction. The lower surface22B faces toward the −Z direction. At least a part of the upper surface22A is opposed to the lower surface21B. The substrate P can be opposed to the lower surface22B. Further, the second plate section22has an opening22K through which the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6can be transmitted. The upper surface22A and the lower surface22B are disposed around the optical path K (the opening22K).

In the exposure of the substrate P, the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6is transmitted through the opening21K and the opening22K, and the substrate P is irradiated therewith.

In the present embodiment, the upper surface22A is flat, and is substantially parallel to the XY plane. The lower surface22B is flat, and is substantially parallel to the XY plane. In the present embodiment, the lower surface21B of the first plate section21and the upper surface22A of the second plate section22are substantially parallel to each other. In addition, the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B may not be parallel to each other, and may be different in thickness in the Z axis direction.

In addition, the lower surface21B and the upper surface22A may be not parallel to each other. In addition, at least one of the upper surface21A and the lower surface21B may not be parallel to the XY plane. Further, at least one of the upper surface21A and the lower surface21B may include a curved surface. Further, at least one of the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B may not be parallel to the XY plane. Further, at least one of the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B may include a curved surface.

The liquid immersion member3is disposed such that at least a part of the inner surface20A and the side surface13are opposed to each other with a gap G4interposed therebetween. Further, the liquid immersion member3is disposed such that at least a part of the upper surface21A and the emission surface6are opposed to each other with a gap G3interposed therebetween. Further, the second plate section22is disposed such that at least a part of the upper surface22A and the lower surface21B are opposed to each other with a gap G1interposed therebetween. The substrate P is disposed such that the front surface of the substrate P and the lower surface22B are opposed to each other with a gap G2interposed therebetween.

In the present embodiment, the first space S1is formed between the lower surface21B and the upper surface22A. The second space S2is formed between the lower surface22B and the front surface of the substrate P. A third space S3is formed between the emission surface6and the upper surface21A. A fourth space S4is formed between the inner surface20A and the side surface13.

In the present embodiment, the liquid immersion member3has a supporting mechanism23that supports the second plate section22such that it is disposed at a prescribed position on the first plate section21. In the present embodiment, the supporting mechanism23includes a connecting member23C that connects the second plate section22to the first plate section21. The connecting member23C is a rod-like member. A plurality of connecting members23C is disposed in the XY plane. The supporting mechanism23respectively connects a plurality of positions on the lower surface21B to a plurality of positions on the upper surface22A by using the plurality of connecting members23C. The supporting mechanism23supports the second plate section22such that the lower surface21B and the upper surface22A are opposed to each other with the gap G1interposed therebetween.

In addition, the supporting mechanism23may have the connecting member that connects the main body section20and the second plate section22. In this case, the connecting member23C, which connects the first plate section21and the second plate section22, may be omitted or may not be omitted. Further, the second plate section22may not be connected at least one of the main body section20and the first plate section21. For example, a supporting member, which supports the projection optical system PL, may support the second plate section22through a prescribed supporting mechanism.

In the present embodiment, the gap G1between the lower surface21B of the first plate section21and the upper surface22A of the second plate section22is larger than the gap G2between the lower surface22B of the second plate section22and the surface of the substrate P. In the present embodiment, the gap G2includes a gap between the lower surface22B of the second plate section22and the surface of the substrate P (the object) which is disposed on the upper surface of the projection optical system PL.

Further, in the present embodiment, the distance between the upper surface21A and the lower surface21B is larger than the distance between the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B. In other words, the first plate section21is thicker than the second plate section22.

In the present embodiment, the lower surface21B is lyophilic to the liquid LQ. In the present embodiment, the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface21B is smaller than 90 degrees. In the present embodiment, the first plate section21is made of titanium. The lower surface21B is a titanium surface.

In the present embodiment, the upper surface22A is lyophilic to the liquid LQ. Further, in the present embodiment, the lower surface22B is also lyophilic to the liquid LQ. The contact angle between the liquid LQ and the upper surface22A is smaller than 90 degrees. Further, the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface22B is smaller than 90 degrees. In the present embodiment, the second plate section22is made of titanium. The upper surface22A and the lower surface22B are titanium surfaces. In addition, the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the upper surface22A may be different from the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface22B. In other words, the affinity (lyophilic property) to the liquid LQ may be different between the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B.

Further, the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface21B and the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the upper surface22A may be equal to each other or may be different from each other. Further, the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface21B and the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface22B may be equal to each other or may be different from each other.

In addition, at least one of the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B may be lyophobic to the liquid LQ. For example, the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the upper surface22A may be equal to or greater than 90 degrees, and the contact angle between the liquid LQ and the lower surface22B may be equal to or greater than 90 degrees.

In the present embodiment, the first plate section21has an inner edge Ea and an outer edge Eb. The inner edge Ea is an edge close to the optical path K. The outer edge Eb is an edge far from the optical path K. The inner edge Ea defines the opening21K.

The second plate section22has an inner edge Ec and an outer edge Ed. The inner edge Ec is an edge close to the optical path K. The outer edge Ed is an edge far from the optical path K. The inner edge Ec defines the opening22K.

In the present embodiment, the inner edge Ec of the second plate section22is disposed inside the first plate section21in the radiation direction of the optical path K. That is, the inner edge Ec of the second plate section22is closer to the optical path K than the inner edge Ea of the first plate section21. In the present embodiment, the opening22K is smaller than the opening21K.

As shown inFIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the external shape of the lower surface21B of the first plate section21is substantially the same as the external shape of the lower surface22B of the second plate section22in the XY plane. In the present embodiment, the external shape of the lower surface21B and the external shape of the lower surface22B are rectangular. In addition, the external shape of the lower surface21B and the external shape of the lower surface22B may be, for example, circular, or octagonal.

In the present embodiment, the collection port32is disposed outside the first plate section21with respect to the optical path K. In the present embodiment, the collection port32is the end portion of the opening which is formed on the main body section20so as to face the front surface of the substrate P. The collection port32is capable of collecting the liquid LQ on the substrate P.

Further, in the present embodiment, the collection port32is disposed outside the second plate section22in the radiation direction of the optical path K. In other words, the collection port32is disposed outside the outer edge Ed of the second plate section22.

In the present embodiment, the collection port32is disposed around the optical path K (the lower surface21B). In the present embodiment, the collection port32has an annular shape. In addition, the collection port32may be disposed partially around the optical path K. Further, a plurality of collection ports32may be arranged at a predetermined distance around the optical path K.

In the present embodiment, the liquid immersion member3includes a porous member33which is disposed at the collection port32. The porous member33has a plurality of holes33H through which the liquid LQ can be flowed. In the present embodiment, the porous member33is a plate-like member. The porous member33has an upper surface33A and a lower surface33B. The holes33H are formed to connect the upper surface33A and the lower surface33B. The lower surface33B of the porous member33is opposed to the front surface of the substrate P. In the present embodiment, the liquid LQ is collected from the upper side of the substrate P through the holes33H of the porous member33. In addition, the porous member33may be a mesh filter as a porous member in which numerous small holes are formed as a mesh. In the present embodiment, the lower surface33B of the porous member33is disposed around the lower surface21B. In addition, the lower surface33B may be disposed partially around the lower surface21B. In addition, the porous member33may not be disposed at the collection port32.

In the present embodiment, the liquid immersion member3has an inclined surface34that connects an inner edge Ef of the lower surface33B and an outer edge Eb of the lower surface21B. The inclined surface34is inclined in the +Z direction outward with respect to the radiation direction of the optical path K. In the present embodiment, the inner edge Ef of the lower surface33B is disposed to be closer to the +Z side than the outer edge Eb of the lower surface21B. Further, in the present embodiment, the lower surface33B is inclined in the −Z direction outward with respect to the radiation direction of the optical path K. In addition, the lower surface33B may be inclined in the +Z direction outward with respect to the radiation direction of the optical path K. Further, the lower surface33B may not be flat, and may be curved or may have differences in level.

In the following description, the lower surface21B, the inclined surface34, and the lower surface33B are collectively referred to as a lower surface40. The front surface of the substrate P, which is disposed in the projection region PR, can be opposed to at least a part of the lower surface40.

The lower surface40is able to hold the liquid LQ between itself and the front surface of the substrate P. By holding the liquid LQ between the emission surface6and the lower surface40on one side and the front surface of the substrate P on the other side, the liquid immersion space LS is formed such that the optical path of the exposure light EL between the terminal optical element7and the substrate P is filled with the liquid LQ.

In the present embodiment, when the substrate P is being irradiated with the exposure light EL, the liquid immersion space LS is formed such that a part of the region of the front surface of the substrate P that includes the projection region PR is covered with the liquid LQ. At least a part of an interface (a meniscus or an edge) LG of the liquid LQ is formed between the lower surface40and the front surface of the substrate P. That is, the exposure apparatus EX of the present embodiment adopts a local liquid immersion method.

Further, the liquid immersion member3includes a supply port31that supplies the liquid LQ. The supply port31is disposed on the upper side (+Z direction) of the first plate section21. In the present embodiment, at least a part of the supply port31is disposed to face the third space S3. In the present embodiment, the supply port31is disposed on at least a part of the inner surface20A. In addition, at least a part of the supply port31may be disposed to face the fourth space S4. The liquid LQ, which is supplied from the supply port31, flows into the third space S3.

The liquid immersion member3includes a supply channel35that is connected to the supply port31. At least a part of the supply channel35is formed inside the liquid immersion member3. The supply port31is an opening disposed at the end of the supply channel35. The supply port31is disposed at one end of the supply channel35. The other end of the supply channel35is connected to a liquid supply device36through a channel formed by a supply tube.

The liquid supply device36is capable of sending the liquid LQ, which is clean and temperature adjusted. The liquid LQ, which is sent from the liquid supply device36, is supplied to the supply port31through the supply channel35.

The liquid immersion member3includes a collection channel37that is connected to the collection port32. At least a part of the collection channel37is formed inside the liquid immersion member3. The collection port32is an opening disposed at the end of the collection channel37. The collection port32is disposed at one end of the collection channel37. The other end of the collection channel37is connected to a liquid collection device38through a channel formed by a collection tube.

The liquid collection device38is capable of connecting the collection port32to a vacuum system, and is capable of suctioning the liquid LQ through the collection port32. The liquid collection device38is capable of setting the collection channel37at a negative pressure. By setting the collection channel37at the negative pressure, the liquid LQ on the upper side of the substrate P is collected from the collection port32(the holes33H of the porous member33). The liquid LQ on the upper side of the substrate P flows into the collection channel37through the collection port32(the holes33H). At least a part of the liquid LQ, which is collected from the collection port32, flows in the collection channel37. At least a part of the liquid LQ of the collection channel37is suctioned (collected) into the liquid collection device38.

In the present embodiment, the control device4performs the operation for collecting the liquid LQ from the collection port32in conjunction with the operation for supplying the liquid LQ from the supply port31. Thereby, it is possible to form the liquid immersion space LS using the liquid LQ between the terminal optical element7and the liquid immersion member3on one side and the substrate P (the object) on the other side.

In the present embodiment, in a state where the substrate P is substantially stopped, the size of the liquid immersion space LS is adjusted such that the second plate section22is disposed in the liquid immersion space LS. That is, in the present embodiment, in the state where the substrate P is substantially stopped, the size of the liquid immersion space LS is adjusted such that the entirety of the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B comes into contact into the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS. In other words, the size of the liquid immersion space LS is adjusted such that the interface LG is disposed outside the outer edge Ed of the second plate section22in the radiation direction of the optical path K.

The control device4is capable of adjusting the size of the liquid immersion space LS in the XY plane by adjusting at least one of the amount of liquid supplied from the supply port31per unit time and the amount of the liquid collected from the collection port32per unit time. For example, the control device4is able to increase the liquid immersion space LS by increasing the amount of liquid supplied from the supply port31, and is able to decrease the liquid immersion space LS by decreasing the amount of supplied liquid. Further, the control device4is able to increase the liquid immersion space LS by increasing the amount of liquid collected from the collection port32, and is able to decrease the liquid immersion space LS by decreasing the amount of collected liquid.

Next, a method of exposing the substrate P using the exposure apparatus EX having the above-mentioned configuration will be described.

After the unexposed substrate P is carried (loaded) in the substrate holding section9, the control device4forms the liquid immersion space LS by holding the liquid LQ between the lower surface40of the liquid immersion member3and the front surface of the substrate P such that the optical path K of the exposure light EL between the emission surface6of the terminal optical element7and the front surface of the substrate P is filled with the liquid LQ.

The control device4starts the process of exposing the substrate P. The control device4emits the exposure light EL from the illumination system IL, and exposes the mask M with the exposure light EL. Thereby, the exposure light EL, which is originated from the mask M illuminated with the exposure light EL, is emitted from the emission surface6. The substrate P is irradiated with the exposure light EL, which is emitted from the emission surface6, through the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS. Thereby, the substrate P is exposed with the exposure light EL from the emission surface6through the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS, and the image of the pattern of the mask M is projected onto the substrate P.

In the present embodiment, at least some of the liquid LQ, which is supplied from the supply port31, is supplied to the third space S3which the upper surface21A of the first plate section21faces. Further, in the present embodiment, the inner edge Ec of the second plate section22is disposed inside the first plate section21in the radiation direction of the optical path K. Hence, at least some of the liquid LQ of the third space S3, which the upper surface21A of the first plate section21faces, flows to the upper surface22A of the second plate section22through the opening21K of which at least a part is defined by the inner edge Ea of the first plate section21.

At least some of the liquid LQ flowing from the third space S3to the upper surface22A through the opening21K flows into the first space S1. Further, at least some of the liquid LQ flowing from the third space S3to the upper surface22A through the opening21K flows into the second space S2. At least some of the liquid LQ of the first space S1flows outward in the radiation direction of the optical path K. At least some of the liquid LQ of the second space S2flows outward in the radiation direction of the optical path K. In addition, the connecting member23C is a rod-like member which is disposed at a prescribed position in the first space S1, and is not an obstacle to the flow of the liquid LQ of the first space S1.

For example as shown inFIG. 5, at least some of the liquid LQ of the first space S1and at least some of the liquid LQ of the second space S2flow together outside the outer edge Ed of the second plate section22. In the present embodiment, at least some of the liquid LQ of the first space S1and at least some of the liquid LQ of the second space S2flow together outside, for example, the outer edge Ed of the second plate section22and in a fifth space S5between the lower surface40and the front surface of the substrate P.

In the present embodiment, the collection port32collects at least some of the liquid LQ from the first space S1and the second space S2. In the present embodiment, the collection port32collects at least some of the liquid LQ from the first space S1and the liquid LQ from the second space S2which flow together between the collection port32(the lower surface33B) and the substrate P.

However, in a state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed between the liquid immersion member3and the substrate P, the substrate P may move at a high velocity within the XY plane, or may move by a long distance. In such a case, there is a possibility that the liquid LQ flows outside the space between the liquid immersion member3and the substrate P.

The liquid immersion space LS is held by surface tension of the liquid LQ in the interface LG. When the substrate P moves at a high velocity or moves by a long distance in a state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed between the liquid immersion member3and the substrate P, there is a possibility that the momentum of the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS increases. When the momentum of the liquid LQ increases, because of the momentum of the liquid LQ, there is a possibility that it is difficult to hold the liquid immersion space LS through the surface tension of the liquid LQ. As a result, the liquid LQ flows outside the space between the liquid immersion member3and the substrate P.

In the present embodiment, since the second plate section22is disposed, even when the substrate P moves at a high velocity or moves by a long distance within the XY plane in the state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed between the liquid immersion member3and the substrate P, it is possible to prevent the liquid LQ (a film, droplets, and the like) from flowing outside the space between the liquid immersion member3and the substrate P or from remaining on the substrate P.

FIG. 6is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the liquid LQ state in a case of moving the substrate P in the −Y direction in a state where a liquid immersion space LSj is formed between the substrate P and a liquid immersion member3jaccording to a comparative example.FIG. 7is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the liquid LQ state in the case of moving the substrate P in the −Y direction in the state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed between the substrate P and the liquid immersion member3according to the present embodiment. The liquid immersion member3jdoes not have the second plate section.

InFIGS. 6 and 7, when the substrate P moves in the state where the liquid immersion spaces LSj and LS are formed, for example, due to the effects and the like of the viscosity of the liquid LQ, the flows of the liquid LQ with velocity distribution as indicated by the arrows Fj and Fs are generated in the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS.

The momentum of the liquid LQ is a product of a mass (a volume) of the liquid LQ and a velocity (a velocity of the flow) of the liquid LQ. Accordingly, in the examples respectively shown inFIGS. 6 and 7, the momentum of the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS based on the movement of the substrate P corresponds to areas Aj and As.

That is, since the second plate section22is disposed, it is possible to prevent the momentum of the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS based on the movement of the substrate P from increasing. In other words, since the second plate section22is disposed, it is possible to suppress the mass (the volume) of the liquid LQ on which the substrate P is having an effect.

In the example shown inFIG. 6, the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LGj on the −Y side with respect to the optical path K is large. As a result, because of the surface tension of the liquid LQ in the interface LGj, it becomes difficult to hold the liquid immersion space LSj, and thus there is a high possibility that the liquid LQ flows out.

Meanwhile, in the example shown inFIG. 7, the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG on the −Y side with respect to the optical path K is small. Hence, it is possible to hold the liquid immersion space LS through the surface tension of the liquid LQ in the interface LG.

FIG. 5shows an example of the liquid LQ state in the case of moving the substrate P in the −Y direction in the state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed between the substrate P and the liquid immersion member3. InFIG. 5, when the substrate P moves at a high velocity in the −Y direction, in the liquid immersion space LS, the flows of the liquid LQ as indicated by the arrows Fa, Fb, Fe, Fd, and Fe ofFIG. 5are generated. In the present embodiment, since the second plate section22is disposed, even when the substrate P moves at a high velocity in the −Y direction in the state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed between the substrate P and the liquid immersion member3, the moving substrate P has less effect on the liquid LQ of the first space S1. The velocity of flow of the liquid LQ in the first space S1is a value corresponding to the velocity of flow of the liquid LQ flowing from for example the opening21K to the upper surface22A. In the first space S1, as indicated by the arrow Fa, the liquid LQ is capable of freely flowing.

Meanwhile, the moving substrate P has an effect on the liquid LQ of the second space S2. In the second space S2, due to the effects and the like of the viscosity of the liquid LQ, the flow of the liquid LQ corresponding to the movement of the substrate P is generated. The velocity of flow of the liquid LQ in the second space S2is a value corresponding to the movement velocity of the substrate P. In the second space S2, as indicated by the arrow Fb, the liquid LQ flows at a high velocity in response to the movement velocity of the substrate P.

In the present embodiment, the gap G2is small, and the volume (the mass) of the liquid LQ in the second space S2is small. Hence, the momentum of the liquid LQ of the second space S2is relatively small.

At least some of the liquid LQ of the first space S1and at least some of the liquid LQ of the second space S2flow together in the fifth space S5between the lower surface40(the collection port32) and the substrate P. The velocity of flow of the liquid LQ flowing from the first space S1into the fifth space S5is low, and the momentum thereof is small. The velocity of flow of the liquid LQ flowing from the second space S2into the fifth space S5is high, but the mass thereof is small, and thus the momentum thereof is small. The liquid LQ from the first space S1and the liquid LQ from the second space S2flow together in the fifth space S5, whereby the flows of the liquid LQ indicated by for example arrows Fc, Fd, and Fe are generated in the fifth space S5. Hence, it is possible to decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG on the −Y side with respect to the optical path K inFIG. 5. Accordingly, it is possible to hold the liquid immersion space LS through the surface tension of the liquid LQ in the interface LG.

Further, the liquid LQ from the first space S1and the second space S2flowing together in the fifth space S5is collected from the collection port32. Thereby, the flow of the liquid LQ as indicated by for example the arrow Fd ofFIG. 5is generated. Accordingly, it is possible to further increase the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG.

In the example of the above description, the movable object, which forms the liquid immersion space LS between itself and the liquid immersion member3, is the substrate P. As described above, the object may be, for example, the substrate stage2(plate member T).

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the second plate section22is provided, even when the substrate P moves at a high velocity or moves by a long distance in the state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed, it is possible to prevent the liquid LQ from flowing out or from remaining. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent exposure failures from occurring and prevent a defective device from being produced.

That is, in the present embodiment, the second plate section22is disposed in the space between the first plate section21and the moving substrate P so as to partition the space into the first space S1, where the liquid LQ on which the moving substrate P has less effect flows, and the second space S2where the liquid LQ on which the moving substrate P has an effect flows. Thus, it is possible to decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG.

In the present embodiment, since the gap G2is smaller than the gap G1, it is possible to decrease the mass (the volume) of the liquid LQ of the second space S2on which the moving substrate P has an effect. Hence, it is possible to decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG.

Further, in the present embodiment, the collection port32is disposed outside the second plate section22in the radiation direction of the optical path K. Therefore, it is possible to generate the flow of the liquid LQ as indicated by the arrow Fd ofFIG. 5, that is, the flow of the liquid LQ which is not directed toward the interface LG and is directed toward the collection port32(upward). Accordingly, it is possible to decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG.

In addition, a part of the collection port32may be disposed inside the outer edge Ed of the second plate section22in the radiation direction of the optical path K. That is, at least a part of the collection port32may be formed outside the outer edge Ed of the second plate section22.

Further, in the present embodiment, the inner edge Ec of the second plate section22is disposed inside the first plate section21in the radiation direction of the optical path K. Therefore, at least some of the liquid LQ of the third space S3is capable of flowing to the upper surface22A through the opening21K. Thereby, it is possible to decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the object which is disposed in the projection region PR. That is, when the liquid LQ of the third space S3directly flows to the object which is disposed in the projection region PR through the opening21K, there is a possibility that, for example, the liquid LQ with a high velocity of flow reaches the object. As a result, the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the object is likely to increase. When for example the boundary (gap) between the substrate P and the plate member T is disposed in the projection region PR, when the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the boundary increases, there is a high possibility that the liquid LQ infiltrates the boundary. In the present embodiment, the inner edge Ec of the second plate section22is disposed inside the first plate section21in the radiation direction of the optical path K. Thus, it is possible to decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the object.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the external shape of the lower surface22B of the second plate section22is substantially the same as the external shape of the lower surface21B of the first plate section21, but may be different therefrom. For example, the size of the lower surface21B in the Y axis direction may be different from the size of the lower surface22B. Further, the size of the lower surface21B in the X axis direction may be different from the size of the lower surface22B.

For example, similarly to the liquid immersion member301shown inFIG. 8, the lower surface221B of the second plate section221may be substantially rectangular (rhombic), and the side of the lower surface221B may be disposed to intersect the side of the lower surface21B of the first plate section21.

Further, similarly to the liquid immersion member302shown inFIG. 9, the sides of the lower surface222B of the second plate section222on the +Y and −Y sides with respect to the optical path K may include a curve (a curvature). It is apparent that the sides of the lower surface222B on the +X and −X sides with respect to the optical path K may include a curve (a curvature).

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the upper surface22A and the lower surface22B of the second plate section22is flat, and the upper surface22A is parallel to the lower surface22B. However, for example, similarly to the liquid immersion member303shown inFIG. 10, an outer peripheral region AE1of an upper surface223A of a second plate section223may approach the first plate section21outward in the radiation direction of the optical path K. In other words, the outer peripheral region AE1may be inclined upward (+Z direction) and outward in the radiation direction of the optical path K. In the example shown inFIG. 10, the upper surface223A in the outer peripheral region AE1includes a curved surface. In the present embodiment, the outer peripheral region AE1of the upper surface223A includes an annular region including the outer edge of the upper surface223A. The size of the outer peripheral region AE1is smaller than the size of the region other than the outer peripheral region AE1in the radiation direction of the optical path K. In addition, the region other than the outer peripheral region AE1includes an inner peripheral region including the inner edge of the upper surface223A. The inner peripheral region is an annular region including the inner edge of the upper surface223A.

The outer peripheral region AE1of the upper surface223A is inclined (bendable) to approach the first plate section21(the collection port32) outward in the radiation direction of the optical path K. Thereby, in the fifth space S5, it is possible to generate the flow of the liquid LQ directed toward the upper side (the collection port32). Thereby, it is possible to further decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG.

In addition, the outer peripheral region AE2of the lower surface223B of the second plate section223may be bendable and may be inclined upward and outward in the radiation direction of the optical path K. In such a state, in the fifth space S5, it is possible to generate the flow of the liquid LQ directed toward the upper side (the collection port32side).

Second Embodiment

Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the following description, components the same as or equivalent to those of the above-mentioned first embodiment are represented by the same reference signs, and the description thereof will be simplified or omitted.

FIG. 11is a schematic diagram illustrating a liquid immersion member304according to the second example. The liquid immersion member304includes: the main body section20; the first plate section21; and a second plate section224which is disposed at least partially around the optical path K, and has an upper surface224A, which is opposed to at least a part of the lower surface21B of the first plate section21, and a lower surface224B which can be opposed to the substrate P. The feature of the second embodiment different from the above-mentioned first embodiment is that the second plate section224is moved by a driving system50.

In the present embodiment, the main body section20and the first plate section21are separated from the second plate section224. The second plate section224is moved by the driving system50in substantially parallel to the lower surface21B of the first plate section21.

In the present embodiment, the driving system50moves the second plate section224on the basis of the movement condition of the substrate P. In the present embodiment, the driving system50moves the second plate section224when the substrate P moves. Further, the driving system50moves the second plate section224in a direction opposite to the movement direction of the substrate P. In the example shown inFIG. 11, in a state where the substrate P is moved in the −Y direction, the second plate section224is moved in the +Y direction. Further, the driving system50moves the second plate section224at a movement velocity lower than the movement velocity of the substrate P. For example, the movement velocity of the second plate section224is about ½ of the movement velocity of the substrate P.

The second plate section224has an opening224K through which the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6can be transmitted. In the present embodiment, the opening224K is long in the Y axis direction. Thereby, when the substrate P is irradiated with the exposure light EL while the substrate P is moved in the Y axis direction, the exposure light EL emitted from the emission surface6can be transmitted through the opening224K.

In the state where the liquid immersion space LS is formed, the second plate section224moves in accordance with the movement of the substrate P. Thereby, in the liquid LQ of the liquid immersion space LS, the flow of the liquid LQ with velocity distribution as indicated by the arrow Ft ofFIG. 11are generated. In the first space S1which the upper surface224A of the second plate section224faces, the flow of the liquid LQ directed to the +Y direction is generated. In the second space S2which the lower surface224B faces, the flow of the liquid LQ directed to the −Y direction is generated. Thereby, the liquid LQ of the first space S1and the liquid LQ of the second space S2flow together in the vicinity of the interface LG on the +Y side with respect to the optical path K for example, whereby it is possible to sufficiently decrease the momentum of the liquid LQ acting on the interface LG on the +Y side. It is the same for the interface LG on the −Y side with respect to the optical path K.

In addition, in the respective embodiments above, the lower surface21B of the first plate section21may be provided with a liquid supply port that supplies the liquid LQ between the first plate section21and the second plate section22. Further, a through-hole, through which a space faced by the upper surface21A of the first plate section21communicates with a space faced by the lower surface21B, may be provided on the first plate section21.

Further, in the respective embodiments above, the liquid immersion member (3or the like) may be movable in at least one direction of the X axis direction, Y axis direction, Z axis direction, θX direction, θY direction, and θZ direction.

Furthermore, in the respective embodiments above, the second plate section22may be movable, relative to the first plate section21, in at least one direction of the Z axis direction, θX direction, θY direction, and θZ direction.

Further, in the respective embodiments mentioned above, a gas supply port, which supplies gas to the outside of the collection port32in the radiation direction of the optical path K, may be provided. In this case, due to the supplied gas, it is possible to prevent the liquid LQ from remaining on the object (the substrate P or the like) opposed to the liquid immersion member (3or the like).

Furthermore, in the respective embodiments mentioned above, the optical path K on the emission (the image plane) side of the terminal optical element7of the projection optical system PL is filled with the liquid LQ. However, as disclosed in for example PCT International Publication No. 2004/019128, it may be possible to employ the projection optical system PL in which the optical path K on the incident side (the object surface side) of the terminal optical element7is also filled with the liquid LQ.

Furthermore, in the respective embodiments mentioned above, water is used as the liquid LQ, but a liquid other than water may be used. Preferably, the liquid LQ is a liquid that is transmissive with respect to the exposure light EL, has a high refractive index with respect to the exposure light EL, and is stable with respect to the projection optical system PL or the film of the photosensitive material (the photoresist) or the like that forms the front surface of the substrate P. For example, the liquid LQ may be a fluorine-based liquid such as hydro-fluoro-ether (HFE), perfluorinated polyether (PFPE), or Fomblin® oil. In addition, the liquid LQ may be any of various fluids, for example, a supercritical fluid.

In addition, the substrate P in each embodiment mentioned above is a semiconductor wafer for fabricating semiconductor devices, but may be, for example, a glass substrate for display devices, a ceramic wafer for thin film magnetic heads, or the original plate of a mask or a reticle (synthetic quartz or a silicon wafer) used by an exposure apparatus.

As the exposure apparatus EX, it may be possible to employ not only a step-and-scan type scanning exposure apparatus (a scanning stepper), which scans and exposes the pattern of the mask M by synchronously moving the mask M and the substrate P, but also a step-and-repeat type projection exposure apparatus (a stepper), which performs the one-shot exposure on the pattern of the mask M in a state where the mask M and the substrate P remain stationary and then sequentially steps the substrate P.

Furthermore, in the exposure of the step-and-repeat type, the one-shot exposure may be performed on the substrate P in the following manner; in a state where the first pattern and the substrate P are substantially stationary, a reduced image of a first pattern is transferred onto the substrate P by using the projection optical system PL, and subsequently in a state where the second pattern and the substrate P are substantially stationary, a reduced image of a second pattern is transferred onto the substrate P so as to partially overlap with the first pattern (a stitching type one-shot exposure apparatus). In addition, as the stitching type exposure apparatus, it may also be possible to employ a step-and-stitch type exposure apparatus that transfers at least two patterns onto the substrate P such that they partially overlap with each other and sequentially steps the substrate P.

Further, as disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,316, it may also be possible to employ an exposure apparatus that combines on the substrate P the patterns of two masks through a projection optical system and double exposes, substantially simultaneously, a single shot region on the substrate P using a single scanning exposure. In addition, it may also be possible to employ a proximity type exposure apparatus, a mirror projection aligner, and the like.

Furthermore, the exposure apparatus EX may be a twin stage type exposure apparatus, which includes a plurality of substrate stages, as disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,341,007, 6,208,407, and 6,262,796.

Further, as disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,897,963 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0127006, the exposure apparatus EX may be an exposure apparatus that is provided with a substrate stage that holds a substrate and a measurement stage that is equipped with a reference member, in which a reference mark is formed, and/or various photoelectric sensors are mounted, and that does not hold the substrate to be exposed. Furthermore, it may also be possible to employ an exposure apparatus that includes a plurality of the substrate stages and the measurement stages. In this case, the movable object, which forms the liquid immersion space LS between itself and the liquid immersion member, includes the measurement stage.

The types of the exposure apparatus EX are not limited to a semiconductor device fabrication exposure apparatus that exposes the pattern of a semiconductor device on the substrate P. However, it may also be possible to employ an exposure apparatus used for fabricating, for example, liquid crystal display devices or displays, or an exposure apparatus for fabricating thin film magnetic heads, image capturing devices (CCDs), micromachines, MEMS, DNA chips, or reticles and masks.

In addition, in the respective embodiments mentioned above, the position information of each of the stages is measured using an interferometer system, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, it may be possible to employ an encoder system that detects a scale (a diffraction grating) provided to each of the stages.

Furthermore, in the respective embodiments mentioned above, the optically transmissive mask M, in which a prescribed shielding pattern (or phase pattern or dimming pattern) is formed on an optically transmissive substrate, is used. However, instead of such a mask, as disclosed in for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,778,257, it may be possible to use a variable shaped mask (also called an electronic mask, an active mask, or an image generator), in which a transmissive pattern, a reflective pattern, or a light-emitting pattern is formed based on electronic data of the pattern to be exposed. In addition, instead of a variable shaped mask that includes a non-emissive type image display device, a pattern forming apparatus that includes a self-luminous type image display device may be provided.

In the respective embodiments mentioned above, the exposure apparatus including the projection optical system PL was described as an example. However, the present invention may be applicable to an exposure apparatus and an exposing method that does not use the projection optical system PL. For example, the liquid immersion space is formed between the substrate and an optical member such as a lens, and the exposure light EL can be irradiated onto the substrate P through that optical member.

Further, as disclosed in for example PCT International Publication No. 2001/035168, the present invention may also be applicable to an exposure apparatus (a lithographic system) that exposes the substrate P with a line-and-space pattern by forming interference fringes on the substrate P.

The exposure apparatus EX according to the embodiments mentioned above is manufactured by assembling various subsystems such that prescribed mechanical, electrical, and optical accuracies are maintained. To ensure these various accuracies, adjustments are performed before and after this assembly, including an adjustment to achieve optical accuracy for the various optical systems, an adjustment to achieve mechanical accuracy for the various mechanical systems, and an adjustment to achieve electrical accuracy for the various electrical systems. The process of assembling the exposure apparatus from the various subsystems includes, for example, the connection of mechanical components, the wiring and connection of electrical circuits, and the piping and connection of the pneumatic circuits among the various subsystems. It is needless to say that, prior to performing the process of assembling the exposure apparatus from these various subsystems, there are also the processes of assembling each individual subsystem. After the process of assembling the exposure apparatus from the various subsystems is complete, a comprehensive adjustment is performed to ensure the various accuracies of the exposure apparatus as a whole. Furthermore, it is preferable to manufacture the exposure apparatus in a clean room, in which the temperature, the cleanliness level, and the like are controlled.

As shown inFIG. 12, a micro device, such as a semiconductor device, is manufactured by: a step201that designs the functions and performance of the micro device; a step202that fabricates the mask (the reticle) based on this designing step; a step203that manufactures the substrate, which is the base material of the device; a substrate treatment step204that includes a substrate treatment (an exposure process) that includes, in accordance with the embodiments mentioned above, exposing the substrate with the exposure light emitted from the pattern of the mask and developing the exposed substrate; a device assembling step205(which includes fabrication processes such as dicing, bonding, and packaging processes); an inspecting step206; and the like.

In addition, the features of each embodiment mentioned above can be combined as appropriate. In addition, there are also cases in which some of the components are not used. In addition, each disclosure of every Japanese published patent application and U.S. patent related to the exposure apparatus recited in the respective embodiments mentioned above, the modified examples, and the like is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety to the extent permitted by the national laws and regulations.

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