FILTER CARTRIDGE RETENTION FEATURE

A liquid filtration system is provided. The filtration system includes a filter head and a filter cartridge configured to be removably coupled to the filter head. The filter cartridge includes a shell housing and a filter element. The shell housing defines a first housing end, a second housing end, and a housing sidewall extending between the first housing end and the second housing end. The filter element is received within the shell housing and removably coupled to the shell housing. The filter element includes a media pack configured to filter matter from a fluid flowing therethrough and an endcap coupled to an end of the media pack. The endcap comprising a retaining member engaged with the shell housing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202041043936, filed Oct. 8, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to liquid filtration systems for internal combustion engine systems.

BACKGROUND

In various applications, it is generally desirable to minimize an amount of particulate contamination in liquids used to power and lubricate an internal combustion engine. The amount of particulate contamination can be reduced by passing the liquids through a filter element or cartridge, which captures solid particles entrained within the fluid. The structure of the cartridge and the materials used in the construction of the cartridge may have a fixed orientation relative to the system that the cartridge is used with, such as a filter head. Because misalignment may prevent operation of the system or damage the system, cartridges are carefully controlled by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in order to prevent damage to the engine and to ensure optimal engine performance.

In some instances, a user may choose to replace the filter cartridge with a non-genuine (aftermarket) filter cartridge that is not produced by the OEM. The non-genuine filter cartridge may not adequately remove particulate contamination from the liquid which can, over a period of time, result in damage to the internal combustion engine.

SUMMARY

In one set of embodiments, a liquid filtration system includes a filter head and a filter cartridge. The filter cartridge is configured to be removably coupled to the filter head, such as by a threaded engagement. The filter cartridge includes a shell housing and a filter element. The shell housing includes a first housing end, a second housing end, and a housing sidewall extending between the first housing end and the second housing end. The filter element is received within the shell housing and is removably coupled to the shell housing. The filter element includes a media pack configured to filter matter from a fluid flowing therethrough and an endcap coupled to an end of the media pack. The endcap includes a retaining member engaged with the shell housing. In some embodiments, the shell housing is configured to limit rotation of the endcap relative to the shell housing.

In one set of embodiments, a filter cartridge includes a generally cylindrical shell housing and a filter element received within the shell housing. The shell housing includes a first housing end, a second housing end opposite to the first housing end, and a housing sidewall extending between the first housing end and the second housing end. The housing sidewall includes an inner housing surface and an outer housing surface. The shell housing further includes a groove extending about a perimeter of the shell housing proximate the first housing end. The groove interrupts the inner housing surface and defines a first groove surface contiguous with the inner housing surface. The first groove surface extends generally perpendicularly to the inner housing surface. The filter element includes an endcap having a retaining member engaged with the first groove surface. The retaining member is configured to prevent translational movement of the filter element out of the shell housing. In some embodiments, the retaining member cooperates with the shell housing to prevent rotational movement of the filter element relative to the shell housing.

In one set of embodiments, a filter element includes a media pack, a first end cap, and a second endcap. The media pack is configured to filter matter from a fluid flowing therethrough. The first endcap coupled to a first end of the media pack, the first endcap comprising a retaining member configured for coupling to a shell housing. The retaining member comprises a first retainer projection extending radially away from first endcap and configured to engage the shell housing to couple the first endcap to the shell housing. The second endcap is coupled to a second end of the media pack, the second end being opposite to the first end.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Following below are more detailed descriptions of various concepts related to, and implementations of, methods, apparatuses, and systems for sealing and retaining a filter element within a shell housing. The various concepts introduced above and discussed in greater detail below may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

Internal combustion engine systems require a clean source of fuel to power the engine. Unfiltered fuel may include dirt, metal particles, and other solid contaminants that can damage fuel injectors and other engine components. In order to protect the injectors, many internal combustion engine systems include fuel filtration systems, which filter the fuel to remove any solid materials before passing the fuel to the injectors. The filtration system may include a filter cartridge and a filter head. In operation, the filtration system directs the fuel through the filter cartridge, which includes a filter element that captures any solid particulate entrained in the fuel. The performance of the filtration system depends, among other factors, on the structure of the filter cartridge and the materials used to construct the filter cartridge (e.g., the materials used to produce a filter element for the filter cartridge, the specifications of the filter element and the media pack such as the flow area of the media pack, the pleat depth of the media pack, and other factors).

Over time, accumulated particulate on the filter cartridge (e.g., carbon, dust, metal particles, etc.) can increase the pressure drop across the filter cartridge (and, correspondingly, a pressure drop across a fuel delivery system for the engine). In order to reduce the pressure drop, the filter cartridge can be removed from the filtration system and replaced with a clean filter cartridge. In some embodiments, the filter element of the filter cartridge may be removed and replaced with a new filter element.

Implementations herein relate to methods and systems of retaining a filter element in a shell housing to facilitate a unique sealing interface between a filter cartridge and a filter head. The retaining members engage a portion of the shell housing and, in some embodiments, limit rotation of the filter element such that a sealing member may have a fixed orientation relative to the filter head. In order to ensure that the sealing member is properly aligned during installation, the retaining member includes an anti-rotation member, which engages (e.g., contacts, interfaces with, etc.) a portion of the shell housing to orient the filter element relative to a sealing interface on the filter head.

I. Example Liquid Filtration System

FIG.1is a cross-sectional view of a first example liquid filtration system, shown as system100. The system100may be used to filter a fluid provided to an internal combustion engine. The fluid may be a fuel, an engine oil, a hydraulic oil, or another lubricant. In the example embodiment ofFIG.1, the system100is a fuel filtration system for a diesel engine that uses diesel fuel to drive the combustion process. The system100is configured to be mounted on the diesel engine. In other embodiments, the system100may be configured to be mounted remotely from the engine (e.g., on a vehicle chassis, etc.).

As shown inFIG.1, the system100includes a filter cartridge200and a filter head300. The filter cartridge200(e.g., filter cartridge assembly, cartridge assembly, etc.) is removably coupled to the filter head300to allow for the filter cartridge200to be serviced or replaced. In some embodiments, the filter cartridge200is threadably coupled to the filter head300. The filter cartridge200includes a filter element202and a shell housing400. In some embodiments, the filter element202and the shell housing400are coupled together, for example by fasteners or adhesives, such that separation of the filter element202and the shell housing400cannot be separated without a physical destruction of one or more components. In some embodiments, the filter element202is removably coupled to the shell housing400such that the filter element202may be removed from the shell housing400and replaced with a new filter element.

The filter element202is disposed within a hollow portion402of the shell housing400such that a central axis404of the shell housing400extends through the filter element202. The filter element202may be cylindrically-shaped and may include a cylindrically-shaped media pack204. The media pack204includes filter media configured to filter particulate matter from a fluid flowing therethrough so as to produce filtered fluid (e.g., clean fluid). The filter media may include a porous material having a predetermined pore size. The filter media may include a paper-based filter media, a fiber-based filter media, a foam-based filter media, or the like. The filter media may be pleated or formed into another desired shape to increase a flow area through the media pack204, or to otherwise alter the particle removal efficiency of the filter element202. The filter element202may be arranged as an outside-in flow filter element having an outer dirty side and an inner clean side. In an alternative arrangement, the filter element202is an inside-out filter element having an inner dirty side and an outer clean side. Fluid to be filtered passes from the dirty side of the filter element202to the clean side of the filter element202.

The filter element202defines a central opening206extending along a central axis210(e.g., a longitudinal axis, up and down as shown inFIG.1) of the filter element202. In some embodiments, the filter element202is positioned within the shell housing400such that the central axis210of the filter element202is coaxial (e.g., coincident) with the central axis404of the shell housing400. A center support tube208is positioned within the media pack204and extends longitudinally along at least a portion of the central opening206from a first, upper end212of the filter element202to a second, bottom end214of the filter element202. The media pack204, and thus the support tube208, is concentric with the filter element202and the shell housing400. In other words, a central axis of the media pack204is coaxial or substantially coaxial with the central axis210of the filter element202as a whole and the central axis404of the shell housing400. As shown inFIG.1, the support tube208is formed in the shape of a hollow cylinder. An outer wall of the support tube208is perforated in order to allow fluid to pass through the support tube208.

The shell housing400defines a hollow portion402having an inner cross-sectional diameter within which the filter element202is positioned. The shell housing400(e.g., a filter housing, container, or reservoir) includes an upper (e.g., first) end416, a lower (e.g., second) end406, and a sidewall408extending between the upper end416and the lower end406in a substantially concentric orientation relative to the central axis404. The shell housing400may be formed from a strong and rigid material. For example, the shell housing400may be formed from a plastic material (e.g., polypropylene, high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, etc.), a metal (e.g., aluminum, stainless steel, etc.), or another suitable material. The cross-sectional shape of the shell housing400may be the same or similar to the cross-sectional shape of the filter element202. As shown inFIG.1, the shell housing400is formed in the shape of a cylinder such that the shell housing400has a generally circular cross-section normal to the central axis404of the shell housing400. In other embodiments, the shell housing400may have any other suitable cross-sectional shape; for example, racetrack/obround, oval, rounded rectangular, or another suitable shape.

As shown inFIG.1, the shell housing400is threadably coupled to the filter head300. The shell housing400includes a male threaded portion410disposed on the sidewall408of the shell housing400and extending downwardly (e.g., parallel to the central axis404of the shell housing400) from a first, upper end416of the shell housing400. The male threaded portion410is engaged with a female threaded portion302of the filter head300. As shown inFIG.1, the female threaded portion302is disposed on an inner surface304of an outer flange306of the filter head300such that, in an installed position (as shown inFIG.1), the outer flange306at least partially surrounds the shell housing400. The shell housing400and/or the filter head300may include one or more sealing mechanisms to prevent fluid from leaking into an environment surrounding the system100. As shown inFIG.1, the shell housing400includes a radial sealing member412(e.g., an O-ring, etc.) that presses against the inner surface304of the outer flange306proximate to a lower edge308of the outer flange306.

The filter element202is structured to detachably (e.g., removably) couple to the shell housing400and the filter head300. The filter element202includes a first endcap216coupled to the first end212of the filter element202and a second endcap218coupled to the second end214of the filter element202. The first endcap216and the second endcap218may be coupled to the media pack204using glue or another suitable bonding agent (e.g., adhesive product) in order to seal the first end212and the second end214of the media pack204and to prevent dirty fluid from bypassing the filter media through the first end212and the second end214. In some embodiments, the first endcap216and the second endcap218are coupled to the media pack204without the use of adhesives. For example, a portion of the first endcap216may be heated to a molten state. The media pack204may then be plunged into the molten portion of the first endcap216to seal the media pack204to the first endcap216. Similarly, a portion of the second endcap218may be heated to a molten state. The media pack204may then be plunged into the molten portion of the second endcap218to seal the media pack204to the second endcap218. Coupling the first endcap216and the second endcap218in this way may reduce or eliminate the need for using adhesives, potting, or similar compounds to couple the media pack204to the first endcap216and the second endcap218.FIG.2shows a perspective top view of the filter element202, and more specifically the first endcap216, being inserted into the hollow portion402of the shell housing400.

Referring now toFIG.2, a perspective view of the first endcap216is shown. The first endcap216includes a first retaining member502and a second retaining member504, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504configured to couple the filter element202, and more specifically the first endcap216, to the shell housing400. When the filter element202is positioned within the shell housing, the first endcap216is coupled to both the media pack204and the shell housing400. In some embodiments, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504cooperate to prevent the filter element202from falling out of the shell housing400(e.g., from unintentionally being displaced from the hollow portion402) in the event the system100is turned upside-down, shaken, or similarly moved in an unexpected way. In some embodiments, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504cooperate to facilitate a sealing engagement between the first endcap216and the shell housing400.

In some embodiments, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504cooperate to limit rotation (e.g., allow a limited amount of rotation) of the first endcap216and, in some embodiments the filter element202, relative to the shell housing400. In some embodiments, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504cooperate to prevent rotation (e.g., allow no rotation) of the first endcap216relative to the shell housing400. For example, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504may engage a slot, cavity, projection, or similar feature built within, integrated within, or coupled to the shell housing400that engages one of or both of the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504and prevents or limits rotation of the first endcap216and the filter element202. In some embodiments, the first endcap216is configured to be coupled to the shell housing400in one position. For example, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504may be asymmetrically positioned about a circumference of the first endcap216and only facilitate engagement with the shell housing400in one rotational orientation. In some embodiments, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504are positioned symmetrically about the circumference of the first endcap216and facilitate engagement with the shell housing400in two rotational orientations.

The first endcap216includes a generally annular body220configured to be coupled to, and in some embodiments, receive, the media pack204. Coupled to the annular body220are the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504. The first retaining member502is coupled to the annular body220at 180-rotational degrees from the second retaining member504relative to the central axis404. In some embodiments, the first endcap216may include more than two (e.g., three, six, etc.) retaining members. In some embodiments, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504are integrally formed with the annular body220such that the first endcap216is formed as a single, non-separable component, such as by injection molding or3D printing. The annular body220further includes a generally planar first surface222defining a first body end224. In some embodiments, the first endcap216is a closed endcap such that the first surface222is solid and does not include any through apertures. In some embodiments, the first endcap216is an open endcap (FIGS.1,7,14-16,22, and23) that includes at least one through aperture extending through and interrupting the first surface222(e.g., in fluid communication with the central opening206. Extending between the first body end224and a second body end226is a generally annular side body surface228. The side body surface228extends axially along a portion of the media pack204in a direction toward the second endcap218.

Referring now toFIG.3, a cross-sectional perspective view of the shell housing400is shown according to an example embodiment. The shell housing400includes a shell groove413proximate to the upper end416. The shell groove413extends about a circumference of the shell housing400. In some embodiments, the shell groove413includes a cavity or divot, shown as a groove cavity415(e.g., an anti-rotation member, an anti-rotation feature, etc.). The groove cavity415may extend radially away from a circumferentially extending groove surface417in a direction substantially toward the sidewall408. In some embodiments, the groove cavity415is configured to receive a portion of the first endcap216to limit rotation of the first endcap216, and thus the filter element202, relative to the shell housing400. For example, if an attempt were made to rotate the first endcap216relative to the shell housing400when the first endcap216is coupled to the shell housing400, the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504may interface with the groove cavity415and be prevented from continuing rotation. In some embodiments, the shell groove413includes a plurality of groove cavities415configured to limit the rotation of the first endcap216to various degrees. For example, the plurality of groove cavities415may be positioned such that rotation of the first endcap216is completely prevented once the first endcap216is coupled to the shell housing400(e.g., the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504are partially disposed within the shell groove413).

Referring again toFIG.2, the first endcap216may further include a projection extending radially away from the annular body220, shown as an anti-rotation member (e.g., projection, feature, etc.)244. The anti-rotation member244may be configured to be received within the groove cavity415such that rotation of the first endcap216relative to the shell housing400is prohibited when the anti-rotation member244is received by the groove cavity415. In some embodiments, the anti-rotation member244cooperates with the groove cavity415to provide a tactile feeling to an installer of the filter element202when the first endcap216is properly oriented in the shell housing400. For example, the filter element202may be received within the shell housing400, but may be in the incorrect rotational position. As the installer rotates the filter element202relative to the shell housing400, the anti-rotation member244travels in the shell groove413. When the anti-rotation member244and the groove cavity415are aligned, the installer may feel a click or change in resistance when rotating. In some embodiments, the anti-rotation member244and the groove cavity415cooperate to restrict or limit rotation, but do not absolutely prevent rotation.

As shown inFIG.4, the first retaining member502includes a first retainer first portion508, a first retainer compliant portion510, a first retainer second portion (e.g., tab, retainer tab)512, and a first retainer projection514extending radially away from the first retainer second portion512in a direction generally away from the central axis404. The first retainer first portion508extends axially away from the surface222and in a direction toward the second endcap218. The first retainer first portion508includes a portion of the side body surface228. The first retainer compliant portion510extends away from the first retainer first portion508proximate to the second body end226. The first retainer compliant portion510may have a U- or J-shape and the first retainer compliant portion510is contiguous with both the first retainer first portion508and the first retainer second portion512. The first retainer second portion512extends axially away from the first retainer compliant portion510in a direction away from the second endcap218. The first retainer second portion512is separated from the first retainer first portion508by a radial gap509. At least a portion of the first retainer second portion512is disposed adjacent to the first retainer first portion508. In some embodiments, the first retainer second portion512extends in a direction substantially parallel to the first retainer first portion508. In some embodiments, the first retainer second portion512extends axially beyond (e.g., above) the first surface222. For example, an axial height of the first retainer second portion512may be greater than an axial height of the first retainer first portion508and greater than the distance between the first body end224and the second body end226. In some embodiments, when the first endcap216is coupled to the shell housing400, a portion of the first retainer second portion512may extend above the upper end416.

The first retainer projection514is configured to be disposed within the shell groove413when the first endcap216is coupled to the shell housing400. In other words, the first retainer projection514cooperates with the shell groove413to couple the first endcap216to the shell housing400. As shown inFIG.4, the first retainer projection514extends away from an approximate center portion of the first retainer second portion512. In some embodiments, the first retainer projection514extends away from the first retainer second portion512at a point between the first surface222and the first retainer compliant portion510. The first retainer projection514includes a first ramp surface516and a first stop surface518. When the first endcap216is inserted into the hollow portion402, the first ramp surface516interfaces with the shell housing400. The shell housing400biases the first retainer projection514in a direction generally radially inward toward the central axis404. The first retainer compliant portion510deforms in response to the first retainer projection514moving radially in a direction toward the first retainer member portion508. In some embodiments, the first retainer compliant portion510facilitates movement of the first retainer second portion512toward the first retainer first portion508as the first endcap216is inserted into the hollow portion402.

The first retainer compliant portion510is further configured to maintain the radial gap509between the first retainer first portion508and the first retainer second portion512. For example, when the first retainer second portion512is in confronting relation to (e.g., contacting) the first retainer first portion508, the first retainer compliant portion510applies a force to the first retainer second portion512in a direction radially away from the first retainer first portion508.

When the first endcap216is coupled to the shell housing400, the first retainer compliant portion510biases the first retainer projection514radially into the shell groove413. The first stop418is configured to prevent translational movement of the filter element202in a direction generally away from the lower end406along the central axis404. In some embodiments, the shell housing400does not include the groove cavity415, and thus the first endcap216may rotate relative to the shell housing400while the first endcap216is coupled to the shell groove413.

As shown inFIG.5, the shell housing400may further include a first receptacle430(e.g., orifice, cut-out, hole, aperture, etc.) extending through the sidewall of the shell housing400and configured to receive the first retainer projection514. The first receptacle430is defined by receptacle sides432and a receptacle interface surface434configured to interface with the first stop surface518. In some embodiments, the first retainer projection514is configured to extend into the first receptacle430and beyond the groove surface417. By extending beyond the groove surface417, the first retainer projection514may interface with the receptacle sides432if an attempt to rotate the first endcap216is made while the first endcap216is coupled to the shell housing400. In some embodiments, a receptacle width436(e.g., a distance between the receptacle sides432) is substantially equal to a width of the first retainer projection514such that rotation of the first endcap216is substantially prevented when the first retainer projection514extends into the first receptacle430and beyond the groove surface417.

In some embodiments, the shell housing400includes both the shell groove413and the first receptacle430. For example, the first endcap216may be positioned within the shell housing400and coupled to the shell groove413. Upon rotating the first endcap216, the first retainer projection514eventually passes over and extends into the first receptacle430, biased by the first retainer compliant portion510. When the first retainer projection514is received within the first receptacle430, rotation of the first endcap216relative to the shell housing400may be prevented. In some embodiments, the shell housing400includes the first receptacle430and does not include the shell groove413. For example, the first retaining member502may be aligned with (e.g., above, below, etc.) the first receptacle430before inserting the first endcap216into the shell housing400. If the first retaining member502is not aligned with the first receptacle430before the first endcap216is inserted into the shell housing400, the first retainer projection514may interface with the inner surface of the shell housing400, but may not engage the shell housing400and may be removed from the shell housing400without having to engage the first retaining member502.

In some embodiments, the first retaining member502further includes an orifice, shown as a first orifice520. The first orifice520extends through the first retainer second portion512and is positioned above the first retainer projection514(e.g., between the first retainer projection514and an end of the first retainer second portion512opposite to the first retainer compliant portion510). In some embodiments, the first orifice520is configured to receive a tool (e.g., pry bar, screwdriver, etc.) such that the tool may bias the first retainer second portion512toward the first retainer first portion508to remove (e.g., decouple) the first endcap216from the shell housing400.

Referring now toFIG.6, a detailed view of a portion of the system100is shown. Specifically,FIG.6shows the first retaining member502coupled to the shell housing400. In some embodiments, the shell housing400includes the first receptacle430extending through the sidewall408of the shell housing400and configured to receive the first retainer projection514. The first receptacle430may extend through the threaded portion410proximate to the upper end416.

Turning now toFIG.7, a first endcap616is shown according to another embodiment. In some embodiments, the first endcap616is an open endcap having an aperture extending therethrough that is in fluid communication with the central opening206. The first endcap616is similar to the first endcap216. Accordingly, like numbering is used to designate like parts between the first endcap616and the first endcap216. A difference between the first endcap216and the first endcap616is that the first endcap616includes an interface member620. The interface member620includes a generally cylindrically-shaped protrusion622extending from the first surface222. The protrusion622extends upwardly (e.g., vertically upwards) from the first surface222in substantially perpendicular orientation relative to the first surface222. The protrusion622defines a central opening, shown as through-hole628that extends through the first endcap616and through the first surface222. The through-hole628is axially aligned (in coaxial arrangement) with the central axis210and the central axis404. The interface member620engages the filter head300along an angled sealing interface (shown inFIG.1).

Among other benefits, the orientation of the sealing interface prevents the use of non-genuine or incorrect filter cartridges that rely on planar radial sealing elements (e.g., sealing elements that extend normal to the central axis210of the filter cartridge200). As shown inFIG.7, the interface member620additionally includes a sealing member630(e.g., an O-ring, gasket, ribs, etc.) that is configured to be sealingly engaged with the filter head300in order to prevent fluid bypass between the interface member620and the filter head300. The sealing member630is tilted at an oblique angle (e.g., an angle other than 90°) with respect to the central axis210of the filter cartridge200such that a cross-section through the sealing member630forms an ellipse. For example, the sealing member630may be tilted at approximately 75° with respect to the central axis210. In some embodiments, the sealing member630is tilted within a range between approximately 50°-85° with respect to the central axis210. In other embodiments, the oblique angle may be within different ranges.

In order to ensure that the sealing member is properly aligned during installation, the filter element202may include an anti-rotation member (e.g., the anti-rotation member244) which engages (e.g., contacts) a portion of the shell housing400(e.g., the groove cavity415) to orient the filter element202into alignment relative to a sealing interface on the filter head300. The extension of the first retainer projection514into the first receptacle430and the extension of a second projection (similar to the first retainer projection514) into a second receptacle (similar to the first receptacle430) may further serve to orient the filter cartridge200, and more specifically the first endcap616, such that the interface member620and the sealing member630are properly aligned within the filter head300.

Turning now toFIG.8, a first endcap716is shown according to another embodiment. The first endcap716is similar to the first endcap216. Accordingly, like numbering is used to designate like parts between the first endcap716and the first endcap216. A difference between the first endcap216and the first endcap716is that the first endcap716includes a handle700movably coupled to the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504. In other words, a portion of the handle700extends through the first orifice520in the first retaining member502and allows movement of the handle700relative to the first retaining member502and relative to the first endcap716. The handle700is configured to facilitate coupling and decoupling of the first endcap716to the shell housing400. In some embodiments, the handle700is rotatably coupled to the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504. In other words, a portion of the handle700extends through the first orifice520in the first retaining member502and is configured to rotate relative to the first retaining member502about an axis extending through the first orifice520. The handle700is positionable between a first handle position and a second handle position. When the handle700is in the first handle position, the handle700is positioned substantially vertical (e.g., perpendicular to the first surface222) and the first retaining member502and the second retaining member are504are in an “unlocked” position (e.g., the first retainer second portion512is biased toward the side body surface228). In the second handle position, the handle700is positioned along (e.g., substantially horizontal to) the first surface222and the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504are in a “locked” position (e.g., the first retainer second portion512is substantially parallel to the side body surface228and the first retainer compliant portion510is in a relaxed state).

The handle700includes a first handle end702coupled to the first retaining member502and a second handle end704coupled to the second retaining member504. Between the first handle end702and the second handle end704the handle700defines a generally arched shape, configured to be gripped by a tool or a hand. In some embodiments, the handle700defines a different shape, such as a rectangular shape, a wavy shape, a V-shape, a U-shape, and similar shapes. The handle700may be formed of plastic, metal, wood, or a similar material with similar properties. The handle700and the first endcap716may be formed of different materials.

Referring now toFIG.9, a portion of the first handle end702, shown as a first knob710, is shown extending through the first retaining member502. The first knob710defines a generally elliptical or lobed shape having a major axis712and a minor axis714. As further described herein, the minor axis of the first knob710(e.g., the axis that extends generally parallel to the first surface222inFIG.9) and the first handle end702extend in substantially the same direction. Likewise, the major axis (e.g., the axis that extends generally perpendicular to the first surface222inFIG.9) extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first handle end702. The first knob710is configured to selectively interface with and bias the first retainer second portion512toward the side body surface228.FIG.9shows the handle700in the second, or “locked,” position. When the handle700is in the second handle position, the major axis of the first knob710extends generally perpendicular to the first surface222. In some embodiments, the first retaining member502includes a first recess530that extends generally perpendicularly to the first surface222. When the handle700is in the second handle position, the first knob710is received partially within the first recess530. In some embodiments, the first recess530extends through and interrupts the first retainer projection514. When the handle700is rotated from the second handle position to the first handle position, the first knob710interfaces with a portion of the first retainer second portion512, shown as the first interfacing surfaces532. The first interfacing surfaces532faces radially outward away from the central axis210. There may be a taper533between the first interfacing surfaces532and the first recess530. When the first knob710is rotated, the first knob710interfaces with the taper533, biasing the first retainer second portion512toward the side body surface228and biasing the first retaining member502into the “unlock” position.

In some embodiments, the handle700further includes a projection, shown as a first locking projection726. The first locking projection726extends away from the handle700in a direction substantially similar to the direction of the first knob710(e.g., in a direction radially away from the central axis210when the handle700is coupled to the first endcap716).

The first locking projection726defines a generally elliptical or pill shape. In some embodiments, the first locking projection726defines a rounded rectangular prism, a capsule, an obround capsule, or a similar shape. The first locking projection726is configured to selectively interface with and bias the first retainer second portion512away from the side body surface228.FIGS.10and11show the handle700in the second, or “locked,” position. When the handle700is in the second handle position, a projection surface728of the first locking projection726interfaces with a portion of the first retainer second portion512, shown as second interfacing surfaces534. The second interfacing surfaces534face radially inward toward the central axis210.

When the handle700is rotated from the first handle position to the second handle position, the first locking projection726interfaces with the second interfacing surfaces534and biases the first retainer second portion512into engagement with the shell housing400(e.g., in a direction radially outward away from the side body surface228). When the first locking projection726biases the first retainer second portion512radially outward and away from the central axis210, the first retainer projection514may be biased into the shell groove413or the first receptacle430.

In some embodiments, the handle700includes a positioning projection730extending from an end of the handle700(e.g., the first handle end702) in a direction generally away from a central axis of the first orifice520and the first knob710. The positioning projection730is structured to be received within a positioning cavity732formed within the first surface222. When the handle700is in the first handle position, the positioning projection730extends into the positioning cavity732and resists rotation of the handle700out of the first handle position. For example, the tolerances of the first endcap716may be such that the first endcap716is difficult to position within the shell housing400if the handle700is in a position other than the first handle position (e.g., between the first handle position and the second handle position). The positioning projection730and the positioning cavity732cooperate to resist movement of the handle700out of the first handle position. Thus, an operator may feel confident that the handle700is in the first handle position when positioning the first endcap716in the shell housing400. When the handle700is transitioned into the first handle position, the interaction between the positioning projection730and the positioning cavity732may cause a tactile sensation in the handle700, indicating to a user of the handle700that the handle700is in the first handle position. Similarly, when the handle700is transitioned away from the first handle position, the positioning projection730and the positioning cavity732cooperate to induce a tactile sensation in the handle700.

In some embodiments, the positioning projection730and the positioning cavity732are reversed such that the positioning projection730extends from the first surface222and the positioning cavity732is formed within an end of the handle700. For example, the positioning cavity732may be formed of a pair of projections (e.g., V-shaped projections) that cooperate to define a valley, where the valley is the positioning cavity732. The positioning projection730may be received within the positioning cavity732to prevent rotation of the handle700relative to the first endcap716when the handle700is in the first handle position.

Another difference between the first endcap716and the first endcap216is that the first orifice520in the first endcap716extends from the first knob710to the first retainer compliant portion510, interrupting the first retainer projection514. The first orifice520is shown as defining a length722and a width724. The length722is greater (e.g., longer) than the major axis712of the first knob710, and the width724may be greater than the minor axis714of the first knob710such that the first knob710may fit through the first orifice520. When assembling the first endcap716, the handle700may be manufactured separately from the first endcap716and later coupled to both of the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504by inserting the first knob710through the first orifice520and inserting a second knob (similar to the first knob710) into a second orifice (similar to the first orifice520shown inFIG.14). For example, the handle700may exhibit an inherent compliance such that the handle700may be squeezed (the first handle end702and the second handle end704biased toward one another) and then coupled to the first endcap716while maintaining the handle700substantially parallel to the first surface222.

Among other benefits, the handle700allows an operator or serviceman to break (e.g., disengage, decouple, etc.) the lock, engagement, or seal between the first endcap716and the shell housing400mechanically via the mechanical advantage offered by the handle700. The handle700also provides a visual indication of whether or not the first endcap716is properly coupled to the shell housing400(e.g., whether or not the handle700is in the second handle position).

Referring back toFIG.8, the first endcap716may include a plurality of fixtures extending from the annular body220and configured to engage the handle700when the handle700is in the second handle position. For example, the plurality of fixtures may retain the handle700in the second handle position when the system100is moving dynamically (e.g., vibrating, shaking, etc.). The first endcap716includes a first handle fixture540and a second handle fixture542. The first handle fixture540includes a first cut-out544configured to receive the handle700when the handle700is in the second handle position. The first orifice520and the first cut-out544cooperate such that the handle700is parallel to the first surface222when the handle700is in the second handle position. In other words, the first orifice520and the first cut-out544lie within the same plane, the plane being substantially parallel to the first surface222. Similarly, the second handle fixture542includes a second cut-out546configured to receive the handle700when the handle700is in the second handle position. The first orifice520and the second cut-out546cooperate such that the handle700is parallel to the first surface222when the handle700is in the second handle position. In other words, the first orifice520and the second cut-out546lie within the same plane, the plane being substantially parallel to the first surface222. In some embodiments, the first orifice520, the first cut-out544, and the second cut-out546lie within the same plane.

The first handle fixture540and the second handle fixture542may be integrally formed with the first endcap716. In some embodiments, a portion of the first handle fixture540extends radially beyond the perimeter of the annular body220. The portion of the first handle fixture540that extends radially beyond the perimeter of the annular body220may interface with the upper end416of the shell housing400when the filter element202is inserted into the hollow portion402. Similarly, a portion of the second handle fixture542may extend radially beyond the perimeter of the annular body220. In some embodiments, the portion of the second handle fixture542that extends beyond the perimeter of the annular body220may interface with the upper end416of the shell housing400when the filter element202is inserted into the hollow portion402.

The first endcap716may further include the anti-rotation member244. The anti-rotation member244may be configured to interface with the groove cavity415formed with the shell housing400. In some embodiments, the shell housing400includes a projection positioned within the shell groove413configured to engage a cavity or aperture formed within the first endcap716. The anti-rotation member244may interface with the shell housing400and prevent or limit rotation of the shell housing400when the first endcap716is coupled to the shell housing400.

FIGS.12and13show a detailed cross-sectional view of the second retaining member504when the handle700is in the first handle position (FIG.12) and the second handle position (FIG.13).

Turning now toFIG.14, a first endcap816is shown according to another embodiment. The first endcap816is similar to the first endcap716. Accordingly, like numbering is used to designate like parts between the first endcap816and the first endcap616. A difference between the first endcap816and the first endcap716is that the first endcap816includes the interface member620.

Referring now toFIG.15, the first endcap816is shown according to another embodiment. The first endcap816includes an interface member820. The interface member820is similar to the interface member620. A difference between the interface member620and the interface member820is that the interface member820is configured to form an axial seal with the filter head300. The interface member820includes a generally cylindrically-shaped protrusion822extending from the first surface222. The protrusion822extends upwardly (e.g., vertically upwards) from the first surface222in substantially perpendicular orientation relative to the first surface222. The protrusion822defines a central opening, shown as through-hole828that extends through the first endcap816and through the first surface222. In some embodiments, the through-hole828is axially aligned (in coaxial arrangement) with the central axis210and the central axis404. The interface member820engages the filter head300axially to form an axial sealing engagement with the filter head300. Specifically, the interface member820includes a sealing member830(e.g., an O-ring, gasket, rubber washer, etc.) that is configured to be sealingly engaged with the filter head300in order to prevent fluid bypass between the interface member820and the filter head300. The sealing member830may be positioned within a groove of the protrusion822, the groove formed by lathing, milling, molding, or similar manufacturing processes. In some embodiments, the sealing member830may be coupled to protrusion822, such as by adhesives, friction, or overmolding. The sealing member830is substantially parallel to the first surface222and may be concentric about the central axis210of the filter cartridge200. While the interface member820is shown as a portion of the first endcap816, it should be understood that each of the first endcap216, the first endcap616, and the first endcap716may include the interface member820.

Referring now toFIG.16, the first endcap816is shown according to another embodiment. The first endcap816includes an interface member840. The interface member840is similar to the interface member620. A difference between the interface member620and the interface member840is that the interface member840is configured to form a radial seal with the filter head300where the radial seal is formed substantially parallel to the first surface222. The interface member840includes a generally cylindrically-shaped protrusion842extending from the first surface222. The protrusion842extends upwardly (e.g., vertically upwards) from the first surface222in substantially perpendicular orientation relative to the first surface222. The protrusion842defines a central opening, shown as through-hole848that extends through the first endcap816and through the first surface222. In some embodiments, the through-hole848is axially aligned (in coaxial arrangement) with the central axis210and the central axis404. The interface member840engages the filter head300radially to form a radial sealing engagement with the filter head300. Specifically, the interface member840includes a sealing member850(e.g., an O-ring, gasket, ribs, etc.) that is configured to be sealingly engaged with the filter head300in order to prevent fluid bypass between the interface member840and the filter head300. The sealing member850is substantially parallel to the first surface222and may be concentric about the central axis210of the filter cartridge200. While the interface member840is shown as a portion of the first endcap816, it should be understood that each of the first endcap216, the first endcap616, and the first endcap716may include the interface member840.

Referring now toFIG.17, a first endcap916according to an example embodiment. The first endcap916is similar to the first endcap216. A difference between the first endcap916and the first endcap216is that the first endcap916includes retaining members different from the first retaining member502and the second retaining member504. The first endcap916includes a first retaining member902and a second retaining member904. The first retaining member902and the second retaining member904may be positioned 180-rotational degrees apart relative to the central axis404.

The first endcap916is configured to engage cut-outs formed within the shell housing400. When the first endcap916is engaged with the cut-outs, rotation of the filter element202relative to the first endcap916is limited. In some embodiments, the first endcap916engages cut-outs formed within the shell housing400and prevents rotation of the filter element202when engaged. As shown inFIG.18, the shell housing400includes a first cut-out480and a second cut-out482. The first cut-out480is configured to receive the first retaining member902and the second cut-out482is configured to receive the second retaining member904. To facilitate positioning of the first endcap916within the shell housing400, the first endcap916may include a first flange906and a second flange908extending beyond a perimeter of the annular body220. The first flange906and the second flange908may interface with the upper end416of the shell housing400when the first endcap916is coupled to the shell housing400.

Turning now toFIGS.19-21, the first retaining member502incudes a first lever910and a second lever912. The first lever910and the second lever912extend away from the side body surface228and extend toward one another. More specifically, the first lever910includes a first lever base914and a first lever tip915. The first lever910extends away from the annular body220at the first lever base914, but the first lever tip915extends in a direction generally circumferentially relative to the annular body220such that the first lever tip915is separated from the side body surface228by a distance, shown as a compression distance922. The compression distance is less than a distance between the first lever base914and the first lever tip915. In some embodiments, the compression distance922is approximately one-third the length of the first lever910. The second lever912is a mirror of the first lever910. Specifically, the second lever912includes a second lever base918and a second lever tip920. The second lever912extends away from the annular body220at the second lever base918, but the second lever tip920extends in a direction generally circumferentially relative to the annular body220such that the second lever tip920is separated from the side body surface228by the compression distance922. The compression distance922is less than a distance between the second lever base918and the second lever tip920. In some embodiments, the compression distance922is approximately one-third the length of the second lever912. The first lever tip915and the second lever tip920are separated by a small distance of approximately 0.1-2 mm. The first lever base914and the second lever base918are separated by an arc distance (e.g., circumferential distance) approximately equal to the sum of the lengths of the first lever910and the second lever912. The second retaining member904is similar to the first retaining member902.

When the first endcap816is positioned within the shell housing400, the first retaining member902is received within the first cut-out480. The first lever910and the second lever912interface with the first cut-out480and are biased toward the side body surface228by the shell housing400. Specifically, the first lever tip915and the second lever tip920are biased toward the side body surface228, shortening the compression distance922.

In some embodiments, the first lever910includes a first orientation projection930extending radially away from an outward-facing surface of the first lever910in a direction generally away from the central axis404. The first orientation projection930is positioned between the first lever base914and the first lever tip915, and in some embodiments is approximately positioned in the middle of the first lever910. The second lever912includes a similar second orientation projection932extending radially away from an outward-facing surface of the second lever912in a direction generally away from the central axis404. The second orientation projection932is positioned between the second lever base918and the second lever tip920, and in some embodiments is approximately positioned in the middle of the second lever912. The first orientation projection930and the second orientation projection932cooperate with a first edge484and a second edge485of the first cut-out480to facilitate and, in some embodiments, restrict rotation of the first endcap916relative to the shell housing400when the first endcap916is coupled to the shell housing400. For example, when an attempt is made to rotate the first endcap916clockwise when the first endcap916is coupled to the shell housing400, the second orientation projection932may interface with the first edge484and prevent further rotation of the first endcap916in the clockwise direction, as shown inFIG.19. Similarly, when an attempt is made to rotate the first endcap916counterclockwise when the first endcap916is coupled to the shell housing400, the first orientation projection930may interface with the second edge485and prevent further rotation of the first endcap916in the counterclockwise direction, as shown inFIG.20.

The first lever910and the second lever912may rest on a first lower edge486of the first cut-out480, cooperating with the first flange906and the second flange908to facilitate insertion of the first endcap916into the shell housing400.

FIG.21shows a detailed view of a first retaining member1002, according to another embodiment. The first retaining member1002is similar to the first retaining member902. A difference between the first retaining member1002and the first retaining member902is that the first retaining member1002is formed of a single lever, whereas the first retaining member902is formed of the first lever910and the second lever912. The first retaining member1002includes a lever arm1004that defines a crescent shape. The lever arm1004extends away from the side body surface228and then wraps back toward the side body surface228, forming a compression cavity1006between the lever arm1004and the side body surface228. When the first endcap916is positioned within the shell housing400, the shell housing400biases the lever arm1004toward the annular body220and into the compression cavity1006. The lever arm1004includes the first orientation projection930and the second orientation projection932, behaving similarly to the first retaining member902. In some embodiments, an end of the lever arm1004is slightly separated from the annular body220at a gap1008. The gap1008may increase the compliance of the first retaining member1002such that less force is needed to compress the lever arm1004into the compression cavity1006.

Turning toFIG.22, a first endcap1016is shown according to another embodiment. The first endcap1016is similar to the first endcap916. Accordingly, like numbering is used to designate like parts between the first endcap1016and the first endcap916. A difference between the first endcap1016and the first endcap916is that the first endcap1016includes the interface member620. In some embodiments, the first endcap1016includes the interface member820. In some embodiments, the first endcap1016includes the interface member840. While the first endcap1016is shown as including the first retaining member1002and a second retaining member1010(similar to the first retaining member1002), the first endcap1016may instead include the first retaining member902and the second retaining member904, as the first retaining member1002and the second retaining member1010are interchangeable with the first retaining member902and the second retaining member904.

Turning toFIG.23, the first endcap1016is shown according to another embodiment. The first endcap1016includes the interface member840. In some embodiments, the first endcap1016includes the interface member820. While the first endcap1016is shown as including the first retaining member1002and the second retaining member1010(similar to the first retaining member1002), the first endcap1016may instead include the first retaining member902and the second retaining member904, as the first retaining member1002and the second retaining member1010are interchangeable with the first retaining member902and the second retaining member904. The first endcap1016may further include the anti-rotation member244.

It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the system shown in the various example implementations is illustrative only and not restrictive in character. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit and/or scope of the described implementations are desired to be protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and implementations lacking the various features may be contemplated as within the scope of the application, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. When the language a “portion” is used, the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.