Low volatile organic content pigment grind composition

A pigment grind composition contains pigment, water dispersible acrylic polymer and a reactive diluent. The reactive diluent has a number average molecular weight of between about 200 and about 2500 and is selected from polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol ethers, glycol ether formals or mixtures of these. The pigment grind composition has a volatile organic content of less than two pounds per gallon.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to pigment grind compositions. 
Coating compositions which are pigmented generally incorporate the pigment 
component by blending pigment, dispersing agent or grind vehicle and other 
optional additives together with organic solvent into a paste which is 
then blended with a major portion of the film forming vehicle to produce 
the final coating composition. Depending upon the particular pigment, that 
is whether it is organic or inorganic, and the dispersing agent or grind 
vehicle for the pigment, preparation of the pigment grind composition may 
require excessive amounts of organic solvent to incorporate and adequately 
disperse the pigment. This could raise environmental concerns over 
volatile solvent emissions. Moreover, certain pigments are not as readily 
incorporated, necessitating the use of a particularly tailored vehicle for 
each type of pigment and, in addition, inordinately long grinding periods 
may be required, thus increasing cost and decreasing production 
efficiency. 
There is a need, therefore, for a pigment grind composition which is 
versatile not only in its ability to incorporate a variety of pigments 
quickly and effectively, but also which produces minimal volatile organic 
solvent emissions. 
SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a pigment grind 
composition having a volatile organic content of less than two pounds per 
gallon comprising a pigment, water dispersible acrylic polymer and a 
reactive diluent. The reactive diluent has a number average molecular 
weight of between about 200 and about 2500 and is selected from the group 
consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, glycol 
ether formals and mixtures thereof. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The pigment grind compositions of the present invention contain pigment, a 
water dispersible acrylic polymer as the grind vehicle and a reactive 
diluent. "Water dispersible" herein means adapted to be solubilized, 
dispersed or emulsified in water. That is, polymers which can be 
classified, depending upon their dispersed state, as solution polymers, 
dispersion polymers or suspension polymers are all suitable for use 
herein. 
The claimed pigment grind compositions can be used in a variety of coating 
applications but are especially preferred in formulating electrocoating 
compositions for use in electrodeposition. The compositions can be used in 
both anodic and cathodic electrocoat compositions, although anodic 
electrocoat compositions are preferred. For such applications, the water 
dispersible acrylic polymer should be electrodepositable as is well known 
to those skilled in the art. Briefly, that is, an electrodepositable 
polymer is ionic in nature. Depending upon the particular method of 
electrodeposition, the polymer will contain anionic functional groups to 
impart a negative charge (anodic electrodeposition) or cationic functional 
groups to impart a positive charge (cathodic electrodeposition), the 
respective functional groups being appropriately neutralized with base or 
acid to solubilize the polymer in water. 
The use of a reactive diluent reduces the need for volatile organic 
solvents to control viscosity, thus producing a pigment grind composition 
of low volatile organic content (VOC). The VOC of the pigment grind 
compositions of the present invention is generally less than 2.0 pounds 
per gallon, preferably less than 1.5 pounds per gallon, more preferably 
less than 1.0 pounds per gallon, most preferably less than 0.5 pounds per 
gallon. 
The reactive diluent can be incorporated into the pigment grind composition 
of the present invention by simply blending it with the water-dispersible 
acrylic polymer and then incorporating the pigment. Preferably, the 
water-dispersible acrylic polymer is polymerized in the presence of the 
reactive diluent and then pigment is incorporated. 
Suitable reactive diluents for use in the present invention have a number 
average molecular weight of between about 200 and about 2500, preferably 
between about 250 and about 1000, more preferably between about 300 and 
about 800, as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using 
polystyrene as a standard. The diluent is selected from the group 
consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, glycol 
ether formals, and mixtures thereof. Preferably the reactive diluent is a 
polyalkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol ester, or mixture thereof. 
Examples of polyalkylene glycols useful in the present invention include 
polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polybutylene glycol. For 
electrocoating applications, polypropylene glycol is the preferred 
polyalkylene glycol since it has limited solubility in water, enhancing 
the electrocoatability of electrocoat compositions incorporating the 
pigment grind composition. If desired, suitable materials can be 
commercially obtained and include the ARCOL.RTM. brand series of materials 
commercially available from Arco Chemical Co. and the NIAX.RTM. brand 
series of materials commercially available from Union Carbide. 
Examples of polyalkylene glycol esters include polyethylene glycol esters 
and polypropylene glycol esters. Examples of such esters include mono and 
di esters formed by the reaction of either polyethylene glycol or 
polypropylene glycol with a monocarboxylic acid having from 1 to 18 carbon 
atoms, preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Suitable monocarboxylic acids used 
to prepare include caprylic, capric, laurie, myristic, palmitic, stearic, 
oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid. Again, if desired, suitable materials 
can be commercially obtained and include the MAPEG.RTM. brand series of 
materials commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc., Specialties 
Chemicals, Chemicals Group, as well as the PEG.RTM. brand series of 
materials commercially available from Henkel Corporation. Preferably the 
polyalkylene glycol ester is polyethylene glycol monolaurate, for example, 
MAPEG.RTM. 400 ML or PEG.RTM. 400 Monolaurate. 
Suitable glycol ether formals can be formed by the reaction of formaldehyde 
and a glycol ether. Examples of glycol ethers useful for practicing the 
present invention include diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene 
glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and ethylene 
glycol monohexyl ether. Preferably the glycol ether formal is formed by 
the reaction of formaldehyde and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. 
Although one skilled in the art readily appreciates the manner of 
preparing the aforesaid glycol ether formals, reference is made to U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,891,111, column 3, lines 14 to 42, incorporated by reference 
herein, for a more detailed discussion. 
The water-dispersible acrylic polymer which is used as the grind vehicle is 
prepared from a vinyl monomer component. Typically the acrylic polymer is 
a copolymer of one or more alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic 
acid optionally together with one or more other polymerizable 
ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Suitable alkyl esters of acrylic acid 
or methacrylic acid include ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl 
acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and n-butyl 
methacrylate. Suitable other copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated 
monomers include vinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene and vinyl 
toluene; nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; vinyl and 
vinylidene halides such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene fluoride and 
vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate. Additionally suitable ethylenically 
unsaturated monomers are functional monomers including acrylic acid, 
methacrylic acid, and hydroxyl functional acrylates and methacrylates such 
as hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl 
acrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate. 
A preferred polymer is prepared from about 15 percent to about 35 percent 
of a vinyl aromatic monomer, preferably styrene; from about 40 percent to 
about 60 percent of an alkyl acrylate, preferably n-butyl acrylate; from 
about 5 percent to about 20 percent of a hydroxyl functional vinyl 
monomer, preferably hydroxy ethyl acrylate; and from about 8 percent to 
about 15 percent of acid functional monomer, preferably methacrylic acid. 
Although optional, up to about 2 percent of 
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (commercially available as 
AMPS.RTM. monomer from Lubrizol Corporation) is preferably added to 
introduce sulfonic acid functionality which has been observed to improve 
cure response in aminoplast cured coating compositions prepared with the 
claimed pigment grind composition. 
The water-dispersible acrylic polymer is typically prepared by solution 
polymerization techniques, known to those skilled in the art. Generally 
the vinyl monomer component is polymerized in the presence of a suitable 
free radical initiating catalyst such as organic peroxides or azo 
compounds, for example benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, or 
N,N'-azobis-(isobutyronitrile). The amount of catalyst can vary widely 
depending upon the particular polymerization conditions, although usually, 
from about 0.5 percent to about 3 percent is used. In a preferred 
embodiment of the present invention the vinyl monomer component is also 
polymerized in the presence of the reactive diluent as described in detail 
above with only a minor amount of organic solvent exemplified by alcohols 
including isopropanol, isobutanol, and n-butanol, preferably isobutanol; 
aromatic solvents such as xylene and toluene; ketones such as methyl amyl 
ketone; and glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 
ethylene glycol monohexyl ether. The solvent is selected such that it 
solubilizes the monomers and can be readily removed by distillation at the 
completion of the polymerization. The completion of the polymerization is 
determined based on the half-life of the particular free radical 
initiating catalyst chosen, as is well understood by those skilled in the 
art. 
Rather than polymerizing the vinyl monomer component in the presence of the 
aforesaid reactive diluent, alternatively, after polymerization of the 
water dispersible acrylic polymer is complete, the reactive diluent can be 
added to the acrylic polymer to reduce viscosity. Pigment is then 
incorporated as described below. If desired, organic solvent introduced 
during polymerization of the acrylic polymer can be removed by stripping 
to reduce volatile organic content. 
The water dispersible acrylic polymer (grind vehicle) is preferably a base 
neutralized carboxylic acid functional polymer. The polymer is typically 
prepared as described above having an acid value ranging from about 12 to 
about 130 (mg KOH/gram of polymer), preferably from about 50 to about 90, 
as determined by conventional potentiometric titration techniques. The 
polymer is dispersed in water by neutralization with a suitable base such 
as for example diisopropanol amine which is preferred, diethanol amine, 
ammonia and triisopropanol amine. 
The aforesaid acrylic polymer generally has a number average molecular 
weight ranging from about 1000 to about 15,000, preferably from about 1000 
to about 8000, as determined by GPC using polystyrene as a standard. 
Suitable pigments for use in the present invention can be any of the 
conventional inorganic types including, for example, iron oxides, lead 
oxides, strontium chromate, carbon black, coal dust, titanium dioxide, 
talc, barium sulfate, as well as color pigments such as cadmium yellow, 
cadmium red, chromium yellow and the like. In addition organic pigments 
such as napthol red, pthalocyanine blue or green, or quinacridone red can 
be used. Moreover, mixtures of organic and inorganic pigments can be used. 
Irrespective of whether the acrylic grind vehicle is prepared by 
polymerization in the presence of the reactive diluent or the reactive 
diluent is post added to the grind vehicle, as detailed above, dispersion 
of the pigment is accomplished by the use of a pigment grinding mill such 
as a sand mill, ball mill or roller mill according to well known 
techniques. 
The pigment is combined with the grind vehicle and neutralizing base in an 
aqueous medium under agitation and subsequently ground using grind media 
for a period of time ranging from about 30 minutes to about 90 minutes, 
preferably about one hour, and at a temperature of about 35.degree. C. to 
about 55.degree. C., typically to a Hegman grind ranging from about 5 to 
about 7, preferably to a grind of about 7. It should be understood that 
any desired Hegman grind can be obtained. Suitable grind media include 
ceramic beads, glass beads or metallic beads. Ordinary tap water can be 
used as the aqueous medium, but deionized water is preferred, generally 
having a conductivity of less than about 15 micromhos. Optionally there 
can be present various additives such as surfactants, wetting agents and 
the like which are typically combined and milled along with the pigment 
and vehicle as described above. 
In the practice of the present invention the pigment content of the 
composition is usually expressed as the pigment-to-binder ratio. This 
generally ranges from about 1:1 to about 10:1, preferably about 1:1 to 
about 6:1. The other additives mentioned above are usually present in 
amounts ranging from about 0.1 percent to about 3 percent by weight, the 
percentages based on the total weight of resin solids of the pigment grind 
composition. 
The pigment grind compositions of the present invention are particularly 
advantageous in that they have a low volatile organic content, as 
mentioned previously, which minimizes environmental concerns over solvent 
emissions. Moreover, the compositions are versatile in that a variety of 
organic, inorganic and mixtures of these pigments can be ground quickly 
and efficiently, typically in about an hour. Even pigments which are 
characteristically difficult to grind such as transparent yellow iron 
oxide and transparent red iron oxide, can be readily processed. The 
pigment grind compositions are also useful in preparing tint pastes which 
are used to modify the color of other pigment grind compositions. In 
addition, the claimed pigment grind compositions can contribute to 
improved film build, flow and coalescence in electrocoating compositions 
to which they are preferably added.

The invention will be described further in conjunction with several 
examples showing the method and practice of the invention. These examples, 
however, are not to be construed as limiting the invention to their 
details. All parts and percentages in the examples as well as throughout 
the specification are by weight unless otherwise indicated. 
EXAMPLES 
The following examples illustrate pigment grind compositions according to 
the present invention. The examples demonstrate the versatility of the 
claimed pigment grind compositions in that inorganic pigments as well as a 
mixture of organic and inorganic pigments were used. Moreover, in all the 
examples the pigments were quickly and thoroughly ground in about one 
hour. All the pigment grind compositions shown below had a volatile 
organic content of less than about 0.5 pounds per gallon. 
Deionized water when utilized in all of the following examples had a 
conductivity of less than about 15 micromhos. 
Water Dispersible Acrylic Polymers (Acrylic Grind Vehicles) 
Example A 
This example shows the preparation of an acrylic grind vehicle in the 
presence of a polyethylene glycol monoester as reactive diluent. The grind 
vehicle was prepared from the following mixture of ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Ingredients Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
Charge I 
n-Butanol 146.7 
PEG 400 .RTM. Monolaurate.sup.1 
948.6 
Charge II 
Styrene 458.8 
Methacrylic Acid 223.2 
Butyl Acrylate 904.6 
Hydroxyethyl Acrylate 
177.3 
Tertiary Dodecyl Mercaptan 
105.4 
n-Butanol 93.0 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
40.3 
Charge III 
n-Butanol 124.0 
Diisopropanol Amine 
0.8 
AMPS .RTM. Monomer.sup.2 
1.2 
Charge IV 
n-Butanol 12.4 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
2.1 
Charge V 
n-Butanol 5.5 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
3.2 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Polyethylene Glycol 400 monolaurate commercially available from 
Henkel Corp. 
.sup.2 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid commercially available 
from Lubrizol Corp. 
The first portion of the n-butanol and the PEG 400 monolaurate diluent 
(Charge I) were charged to a reaction vessel and heated to 125.degree. C. 
under nitrogen. The styrene, methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate, 
hydroxyethyl acrylate, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, second portion of 
n-butanol and first portion of tertiary butyl perbenzoate (Charge II) were 
charged to an erlenmeyer flask and mixed well. The third portion of 
n-butanol, diisopropanol amine and AMPS monomer (Charge III) were charged 
to a second erlenmeyer flask and mixed well until all the AMPS monomer had 
dissolved. Both monomer mixtures were added dropwise as separate feeds to 
the hot n-butanol and PEG 400 monolaurate diluent mixture in the reaction 
vessel over a three hour period while maintaining a 123.degree. to 
128.degree. C. reaction temperature. 
Upon completion of the additions, the mixture in the reaction vessel was 
held for half an hour at 123.degree. to 128.degree. C. The second portion 
of tertiary butyl perbenzoate was then added dropwise over 10 minutes as a 
solution in the forth portion of n-butanol (Charge IV). Upon completion of 
the scavanger addition, the reaction mixture was held at 123.degree. to 
128.degree. C. for an hour whereupon the third portion of tertiary butyl 
perbenzoate was added dropwise over 10 minutes as a solution in the fifth 
portion of n-butanol (Charge V). After the second scavenger charge had 
been added, the reaction mixture was held an additional hour at 
123.degree. to 128.degree. C. 
Upon completion of the scavanger holds, the mixture in the reaction vessel 
was maintained at 123.degree. to 128.degree. C. and the pressure was 
gradually reduced over the course of an hour while 372 parts by weight of 
distillate were collected. The stripped mixture was then cooled to give a 
finished anionic acrylic grind vehicle ready for use as described below. 
Example B 
This example shows the preparation of an acrylic grind vehicle in the 
presence of a polypropylene glycol as a reactive diluent. The grind 
vehicle was prepared from the following mixture of ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Ingredients Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
Charge I 
DOWANRL .RTM. PM.sup.1 
29.5 
ARCOL .RTM. Polyol PPG-2025.sup.2 
162.0 
Deionized Water 8.0 
Charge II 
Styrene 177.4 
Methacrylic Acid 51.6 
Butyl Acrylate 348.3 
Hydroxyethyl Acrylate 
67.7 
Tertiary Dodecyl Mercaptan 
20.7 
ARCOL Polyol PPG-2025 
25.4 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
5.9 
Charge III 
DOWANOL PM 29.6 
Deionized Water 3.4 
Diisopropanol Amine 1.7 
AMPS Monomer 3.2 
Charge IV 
ARCOL Polyol PPG-2025 
4.3 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
3.1 
Charge V 
Deionized Water 50.0 
Diisopropanol amine 59.4 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether commercially available from Dow 
Chemical Co. 
.sup.2 Polypropylene Glycol 2025 commercially available from Arco Chemica 
Co. 
The first portions of the DOWANOL PM, deionized water and the PPG-2025 
diluent (Charge I) were charged to a reaction vessel and heated to 
100.degree. C. under nitrogen. The styrene, methacrylic acid, butyl 
acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, second 
portion of PPG-2025 diluent and first portion of tertiary butyl 
perbenzoate (Charge II) were charged to an erlenmeyer flask and mixed 
well. The second portions of DOWANOL PM and deionized water, the first 
portion of diisopropanol amine and AMPS monomer (Charge III) were charged 
to a second erlenmeyer flask and mixed well until all the AMPS monomer had 
dissolved. Both monomer mixtures were added dropwise as separate feeds to 
the hot DOWANOL PM, deionized water and PPG-2025 diluent mixture in the 
reaction vessel over a three hour period while maintaining a gentle 
reflux. 
Upon completion of the additions, the mixture in the reaction vessel had 
attained at temperature of 115.degree. C. and was held for half an hour at 
that temperature. Half of a mixture of the second portion of tertiary 
butyl perbenzoate and the third portion of the PPG-2025 diluent (Charge 
IV) was then added dropwise over 5 minutes. Upon completion of the first 
scavanger addition, the reaction mixture was held at 115.degree. to 
120.degree. C. for an hour. Likewise the second half of the scavanger was 
added over 5 minutes and the hour hold at 115.degree. to 120.degree. C. 
was repeated. 
After completion of the scavanger holds, the third portion of deionized 
water (Charge V) was added dropwise to the mixture in the reaction vessel 
and the mixture reheated to 125.degree. C. for an hour while 89 parts of 
distillate were collected. The mixture was then cooled to 90.degree. C. 
and the second portion of diisopropanol amine (Charge VI) was added. The 
stripped and neutralized mixture was then cooled further to give a 
finished anionic acrylic grind vehicle ready for use as described below. 
Example C 
This example shows the preparation of an acrylic grind vehicle in the 
presence of a glycol ether formal as reactive diluent. The grind vehicle 
was prepared from the following mixture of ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Ingredients Parts by Weight 
______________________________________ 
Charge I 
DOWANOL PM 98.2 
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol formal.sup.1 
539.8 
Deionized Water 26.6 
Charge II 
Styrene 591.3 
Methacrylic Acid 172.0 
Butyl Acrylate 1161.0 
Hydroxyethyl Acrylate 
225.8 
Tertiary Dodecyl Mercaptan 
69.1 
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol formal 
84.5 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
19.8 
Charge III 
DOWANOL PM 98.6 
Deionized Water 11.2 
Diisopropanol Amine 5.8 
AMPS Monomer 10.6 
Charge IV 
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol formal 
14.4 
Tertiary Butyl Perbenzoate 
10.2 
Charge V 
Deionized Water 250.0 
Charge VI 
Diisopropanol Amine 198.0 
Deionized Water 1127.5 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Prepared as generally described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,111, column 
3, lines 14 to 42. 
The first portions of the DOWANOL PM, deionized water and the Formal 
(Charge I) were charged to a reaction vessel and heated to 100.degree. C. 
under nitrogen. The styrene, methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate, 
hydroxyethyl acrylate, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, second portion of 
Formal and first portion of tertiary butyl perbenzoate (Charge II) were 
charged to an erlenmeyer flask and mixed well. The second portions of 
DOWANOL PM and deionized water, the first portion of diisopropanol amine 
and AMPS monomer (Charge III) were charged to a second erlenmeyer flask 
and mixed well until all the AMPS monomer had dissolved. Both monomer 
mixtures were added dropwise as separate feeds to the hot DOWANOL PM, 
deionized water and Formal mixture in the reaction vessel over a three 
hour period while maintaining a gentle reflux. 
Upon completion of the additions, the mixture in the reaction vessel had 
attained a temperature of 120.degree. C. and was held for half an hour at 
that temperature. Half of a mixture of the second portion of tertiary 
butyl perbenzoate and the third portion of the Formal (Charge IV) was 
added dropwise over 5 minutes. Upon completion of the first scavanger 
addition, the reaction mixture was held at 120.degree. to 125.degree. C. 
for an hour. Likewise the second half of the scavanger was added over 5 
minutes and the hour hold at 120.degree. to 125.degree. C. was repeated. 
Upon completion of the scavanger holds, the third portion of deionized 
water (Charge V) was added dropwise to the mixture in the reaction vessel 
and the mixture reheated to 130.degree. C. for an hour while 460 parts of 
distillate were collected. The mixture was then cooled to 90.degree. C. 
and the second portion of diisopropanol amine (Charge VI) was added 
followed by the fourth portion of deionized water (Charge VII). The 
stripped, neutralized and diluted mixture was then cooled further to give 
a finished anionic acrylic grind vehicle ready for use as described below. 
Pigment Grind Compositions 
The following examples illustrate the preparation of various pigment grind 
compositions utilizing the acrylic grind vehicles of Examples A to C 
above. 
Example I 
This example illustrates the preparation of a pigment grind composition 
using the acrylic grind vehicle of Example A above. The pigment grind 
composition was prepared from a mixture of the following ingredients. 
______________________________________ 
Resin Pigment 
Solids Solids Weight 
Ingredients (grams) grams) (grams) 
______________________________________ 
Acrylic Grind Vehicle 
834.3 834.3 
of Example A 
Diisopropanol Amine 97.6 
Defoamer.sup.1 9.1 
Deionized Water 1896.2 
Titanium Dioxide.sup.2 1796.1 1796.1 
Clay.sup.3 218.4 
Silica Flatting Agent.sup.4 
72.8 
Deionized water 76.1 
Total 834.3 2087.3 5000.0 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available as Foam Kill 639 from Crucible Chemicals 
.sup.2 Commercially available as TiPure R900 from E. I. DuPont de Nemours 
Co. 
.sup.3 Commercially available as ASP170 from Engelhard. 
.sup.4 Commercially available as Super Fine Super Floss from Strauch 
Chemical. 
All ingredients were pre-mixed under agitation and ground for approximately 
one hour in a sand mill using zircoa ceramic beads as grind media until a 
7+ Hegman grind was obtained. The resultant pigment dispersion had a total 
resin solids content of 16.7 percent and a total pigment solids content of 
41.7 percent. 
Example II 
This example illustrates the preparation of a pigment grind composition 
using the acrylic grind vehicle of Example B above. The pigment grind 
composition was prepared from the mixture of the following ingredients. 
______________________________________ 
Resin Pigment 
Solids Solids Weight 
Ingredients (grams) grams) (grams) 
______________________________________ 
Acrylic Grind Vehicle 
913.1 913.1 
of Example B 
Diisopropanol Amine 16.8 
Defoamer.sup.1 18.3 36.5 
Deionized Water 2195.1 
Titanium Dioxide.sup.2 1216.7 1216.7 
Clay.sup.4 551.6 551.6 
Carbon Black.sup.5 11.0 11.0 
Iron Oxide.sup.6 59.2 59.2 
Total 931.4 1838.5 5000.0 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available as Surfynol GM from Air Products. 
.sup.2 Commercially available as TiPure R900 from E. I. DuPont de Nemours 
Co. 
.sup.3 Commercially available as ASP170 from Engelhard. 
.sup.4 Commercially available as Raven 1200 from Columbian Chemical. 
.sup.5 Commercially available as PS1420M Bayferrox Yellow from Miles. 
All ingredients were pre-mixed under agitation and ground for approximately 
one hour in a sand mill using zircoa ceramic beads as grind media until a 
7+ Hegman grind was obtained. The resultant pigment dispersion had a total 
resin solids content of 18.6 percent and a total pigment solids content of 
36.8 percent. 
Example III 
This example illustrates the preparation of a pigment grind composition 
using the acrylic grind vehicle of Example C above. The pigment grind 
composition was prepared from a mixture of the following ingredients. 
______________________________________ 
Resin Pigment 
Solids Solids Weight 
Ingredients (grams) grams) (grams) 
______________________________________ 
Acrylic Grind Vehicle 
556.3 1112.5 
of Example C 
Diisopropanol Amine 22.7 
Deionized Water 1875.4 
Defoamer.sup.1 94.9 
Clay.sup.2 568.5 568.5 
Titanium Dioxide.sup.3 1253.3 1253.3 
Carbon Black.sup.4 11.4 11.4 
Yellow Iron Oxide.sup.5 61.3 61.3 
Total 556.3 1894.5 5000.0 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available as Surfynol GA from Air Products 
.sup.2 Commercially available as ASP170 from Engelhard 
.sup.3 Commercially available as TiPure R900 from E.I DuPont de Nemours 
Co. 
.sup.4 Commercially available as Printex 200 from Degussa 
.sup.5 Commercially available as PS140M Bayferrox Yellow from Miles 
All ingredients were pre-mixed under agitation and ground for approximately 
one hour in a sand mill using zircoa ceramic beads as grind media until a 
7+ Hegman grind was obtained. The resultant pigment dispersion had a total 
resin solids content of 11.1 percent and a total pigment solids content of 
37.9 percent. 
Example IV 
This example illustrates the preparation of a pigment grind composition 
having a mixture of organic and inorganic pigments and using the acrylic 
grind vehicle of Example A above. The pigment grind composition was 
prepared from the mixture of the following ingredients. 
______________________________________ 
Resin Pigment 
Solids Solids Weight 
Ingredients (grams) (grams) (grams) 
______________________________________ 
Acrylic Grind Vehicle 
837.6 837.6 
of Example A 
Diisopropanol Amine 97.7 
Defoamer.sup.1 24.4 
Deionized Water 2233.7 
Organic Red Napthol.sup.2 
566.9 566.9 
Organic Red Napthol.sup.3 
340.6 340.6 
Yellow Iron Oxide.sup.4 743.4 743.4 
Titanium Dioxide.sup.5 155.7 155.7 
Total 837.6 1796.6 5000.0 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available as Foam Kill 639 from Crucible Chemicals 
.sup.2 Commercially available as Novoperm Red 133059 from Hoescht Celanes 
.sup.3 Commercially available as Novoperm Red 133061 from Hoescht Celanes 
.sup.4 Commercially available as PS1420M from Miles 
.sup.5 Commercially available as TiPure R900 from E. I. DuPont de Nemours 
Co. 
All ingredients were pre-mixed under agitation and ground for approximately 
one hour in a sand mill using zircoa ceramic beads as grind media until a 
7+ Hegman grind was obtained. The resultant pigment dispersion had a total 
resin solids content of 16.7 percent and a total pigment solids content of 
35.9 percent. 
The following examples V and VI illustrate the preparation of tint pastes 
with the acrylic grind vehicle of Example A above. 
Example V 
In this example a tint paste was prepared with transparent yellow iron 
oxide pigment from a mixture of the following ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Resin Pigment 
Solids Solids Weight 
Ingredients (grams) (grams) (grams) 
______________________________________ 
Acrylic Grind Vehicle 
1108.8 1108.8 
of Example A 
Diisopropanol Amine 126.7 
Defoamer.sup.1 15.8 
Deionized Water 2639.9 
Transparent Yellow 
1108.8 1108.8 1108.8 
Iron Oxide.sup.2 
Total 1108.8 1108.8 5000.0 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available as Foam Kill 639 from Crucible Chemicals 
.sup.2 Commercially available as Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide from Hilto 
Davies 
All ingredients were pre-mixed under agitation and ground for approximately 
one hour in a sand mill using zircoa ceramic beads as grind media until a 
7+ Hegman grind was obtained. The resultant pigment dispersion had a total 
resin solids content of 22.2 percent and a total pigment solids content of 
22.2 percent. 
Example VI 
In this example a tint paste was prepared with transparent red iron oxide 
pigment from a mixture of the following ingredients. 
______________________________________ 
Resin Pigment 
Solids Solids Weight 
Ingredients (grams) (grams) (grams) 
______________________________________ 
Acrylic Grind Vehicle 
674.8 674.8 
of Example A 
Diisopropanol Amine 117.6 
Defoamer.sup.1 6.7 
Deionized Water 2243.3 
Transparent Red 1957.6 1957.6 
Iron Oxide.sup.2 
Total 674.8 1957.6 5000.0 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available as Foam Kill 639 from Crucible Chemicals 
.sup.2 Commercially available as Red Iron Oxide PQR 9259 from Miles 
All ingredients were pre-mixed under agitation and ground for approximately 
one hour in a sand mill using zircoa ceramic beads as grind media until a 
7+ Hegman grind was obtained. The resultant pigment dispersion had a total 
resin solids content of 14.0 percent and a total pigment solids content of 
40.2 percent.