Nitride semiconductor light-emitting device and method of manufacturing nitride semiconductor light-emitting device

A nitride semiconductor light-emitting device including a coating film and a reflectance control film successively formed on a light-emitting portion, in which the light-emitting portion is formed of a nitride semiconductor, the coating film is formed of an aluminum oxynitride film or an aluminum nitride film, and the reflectance control film is formed of an oxide film, as well as a method of manufacturing the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device are provided.

This nonprovisional application is based on Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 2006-119500 and 2007-077362 filed with the Japan Patent Office on Apr. 24, 2006 and Mar. 23, 2007, respectively, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND ART

In a nitride semiconductor laser device representing nitride semiconductor light-emitting devices, in order to control reflectance at a facet of a cavity with respect to laser beams, an AR (Anti-Reflectance) coating film for attaining the reflectance of approximately 10% at the facet of the cavity with respect to the laser beams may be formed on a light-emitting facet of the cavity that should serve as a light-emitting portion of the nitride semiconductor laser device, and an HR (High-Reflectance) coating film for attaining the reflectance at approximately 80 to 100% with respect to the laser beams may be formed on a light-reflecting facet of the cavity (see, for example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 09-162496), Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2002-237648), and Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 03-209895)).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Here, in the nitride semiconductor laser device, the threshold value can be lowered by raising the reflectance at the light-emitting facet of the cavity with respect to the laser beams to thereby lower mirror loss. Meanwhile, as the light-emitting facet of the cavity of the nitride semiconductor laser device may be broken due to COD (Catastrophic Optical Damage), a COD level (optical output at the time when the light-emitting facet of the cavity is broken due to COD) should be raised.

If a single layer of a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a titanium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a zinc oxide film, or the like is formed as an AR coating film on the light-emitting facet of the cavity of the nitride semiconductor laser device, however, improvement in the reflectance at the light-emitting facet of the cavity has not been sufficient. Alternatively, if a multi-layer film formed of a stack of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon oxide film is formed as an AR coating film in contact with the light-emitting facet of the cavity, the COD level has been low.

Moreover, as optical density at the light-emitting facet of the cavity is increased when the reflectance at the light-emitting facet of the cavity is higher, it has been conventionally difficult to achieve higher reflectance at the light-emitting facet of the cavity while maintaining high COD level.

From the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device capable of achieving higher reflectance at a light-emitting facet of a cavity while maintaining a high COD level, as well as a method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device.

The present invention is directed to a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device including a coating film and a reflectance control film successively formed on a light-emitting portion, the light-emitting portion being formed of a nitride semiconductor, the coating film being formed of an aluminum oxynitride film or an aluminum nitride film, and the reflectance control film being formed of an oxide film.

In addition, preferably, in the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, the reflectance control film is formed of a stack of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon oxide film.

In addition, preferably, in the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, oxygen content in the coating film is in a range from at least 0 atomic % to at most 35 atomic %.

In addition, preferably, in the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, the light-emitting portion has reflectance of at least 18% with respect to light emitted from the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device.

In addition, preferably, in the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, an aluminum oxide film and a stack of a silicon oxide film and a tantalum oxide film are successively formed on a light-reflection side.

In addition, preferably, in the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, an aluminum oxide film and a stack of a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxide film are successively formed on a light-reflection side.

Moreover, the present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device including a coating film and a reflectance control film successively formed on a light-emitting portion, and the method includes the steps of: forming the coating film formed of an aluminum oxynitride film or an aluminum nitride film on the light-emitting portion; and forming the reflectance control film formed of an oxide film on the coating film.

In the method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, a stack of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon oxide film is preferably formed as the reflectance control film.

In addition, in the method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention, if the coating film is formed of an aluminum oxynitride film, the coating film may be formed by using aluminum oxide as a target.

According to the present invention, a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device capable of achieving higher reflectance at a light-emitting facet of a cavity while maintaining a high COD level, as well as a method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device can be provided.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinafter. In the drawings of the present invention, it is noted that the same reference characters represent the same or corresponding elements.

FIG. 1is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred exemplary nitride semiconductor laser device representing a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention. Here, a nitride semiconductor laser device100is structured such that, through epitaxial growth, an n-type buffer layer102composed of n-type GaN having a thickness of 0.2 μm, an n-type clad layer103composed of n-type Al0.06Ga0.94N having a thickness of 2.3 μm, an n-type guide layer104composed of n-type GaN having a thickness of 0.02 μm, a multiple quantum well active layer105constituted of a multiple quantum well layer composed of InGaN having a thickness of 4 nm and GaN having a thickness of 8 nm and a protection layer composed of GaN having a thickness of 70 nm, a p-type current blocking layer106composed of p-type Al0.3Ga0.7N having a thickness of 20 nm, a p-type clad layer107composed of p-type Al0.05Ga0.95N having a thickness of 0.5 μm, and a p-type contact layer108composed of p-type GaN having a thickness of 0.1 μm are successively stacked on a semiconductor substrate101composed of n-type GaN.

It should be noted that each layer has a composition ratio adjusted as appropriate and thus irrelevant to the essence of the present invention. In addition, a wavelength of a laser beam lased from the nitride semiconductor laser device of the present embodiment can be adjusted as appropriate, for example, in a range from at least 370 nm to at most 470 nm, depending on the composition ratio of multiple quantum well active layer105. In the present embodiment, adjustment is made such that the laser beam at a wavelength of 405 nm is lased.

Nitride semiconductor laser device100is formed such that a stripe-shaped ridged stripe portion111extends in a direction of length of the cavity, by partially removing p-type clad layer107and p-type contact layer108. Here, ridged stripe portion111has a stripe width, for example, in a range from approximately 1.2 μm to 2.4 μm, typically approximately 1.5 μm. It is noted that the stripe width of ridged stripe portion111of nitride semiconductor laser device100is not limited as such. The stripe width may be set, for example, in a range from approximately 2 μm to 100 μm, so that nitride semiconductor laser device100is applicable also as a broad area type nitride semiconductor laser device used for illumination purposes.

Moreover, a p electrode110formed as a stack of a Pd layer, an Mo layer, and an Au layer is provided on the surface of p-type contact layer108, and an insulating film109formed as a stack of an SiO2film and a TiO2film is provided under p electrode110, except for where ridged stripe portion111is formed. Further, an n electrode112formed as a stack of an Hf film and an Al film is formed on the surface of semiconductor substrate101opposite to where the above-described layers are stacked.

FIG. 2is a schematic side view of nitride semiconductor laser device100shown inFIG. 1, in a direction of length of the cavity. Here, a coating film114formed of an aluminum oxynitride film having a thickness of 6 nm is formed on a light-emitting facet of cavity113of nitride semiconductor laser device100, and an aluminum oxide film115having a thickness of 117 nm is formed on coating film114. In addition, a silicon oxide film122having a thickness of 71 nm is formed on aluminum oxide film115, and an aluminum oxide film116having a thickness of 60 nm is formed on silicon oxide film122. Here, in the present embodiment, a reflectance control film121is formed of aluminum oxide film115, silicon oxide film122, and aluminum oxide film116. Here, coating film114has an index of refraction of 2.1 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, and aluminum oxide film115has an index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm. In addition, silicon oxide film122has an index of refraction of 1.43 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, and aluminum oxide film116has an index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm. Accordingly, the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113with respect to the laser beam of a wavelength of 405 nm lased from nitride semiconductor laser device100can be controlled to approximately 30%.

Meanwhile, on a light-reflecting facet of cavity117of nitride semiconductor laser device100, an aluminum oxynitride film118having a thickness of 6 nm, an aluminum oxide film119having a thickness of 117 nm, and a high-reflection film120that is formed by stacking four pairs of a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 71 nm and a titanium oxide film having a thickness of 46 nm (starting from the silicon oxide film) and thereafter stacking a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 142 nm on an outermost surface are successively formed. Here, aluminum oxynitride film118has an index of refraction of 2.1 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, and aluminum oxide film119has an index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm. Moreover, the silicon oxide film constituting high-reflection film120has an index of refraction of 1.43 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, and the titanium oxide film constituting high-reflection film120has an index of refraction of 2.4 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm. Accordingly, the reflectance at light-reflecting facet of cavity117with respect to the laser beam of a wavelength of 405 nm lased from nitride semiconductor laser device100can be controlled to approximately 95%.

Alternatively, by forming a plurality of films different in indices of refraction other than the films structured as described above on light-reflecting facet of cavity117of nitride semiconductor laser device100, the reflectance of approximately 95% can be achieved. For example, an aluminum oxynitride film having a thickness of 6 nm and an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 117 nm are successively formed on light-reflecting facet of cavity117of nitride semiconductor laser device100, and thereafter a stack formed by stacking 6 pairs of a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 71 nm and a tantalum oxide film having a thickness of 51 nm (starting from the silicon oxide film) is formed and an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 120 nm is formed on an outermost surface, thus forming a multi-layer film. Here, the tantalum oxide film has an index of refraction of 2.0 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm.

Alternatively, an aluminum oxynitride film having a thickness of 6 nm and an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 117 nm are successively formed on light-reflecting facet of cavity117of nitride semiconductor laser device100, and thereafter a stack formed by stacking 7 pairs of a silicon nitride film having a thickness of 48 nm and a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 71 nm (starting from the silicon nitride film) is formed and a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 142 nm is formed on an outermost surface, thus forming a multi-layer film. Here, the silicon nitride film has an index of refraction of 2.1 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm.

Coating film114, reflectance control film121, aluminum oxynitride film118, aluminum oxide film119, and high-reflection film120are formed on facet of cavity113and facet of cavity117of each sample, the sample being fabricated by successively stacking aforementioned nitride semiconductor layers such as a buffer layer on the semiconductor substrate described above, forming the ridged stripe portion, and thereafter cleaving a wafer where the insulating film, the p electrode and the n electrode are formed, to thereby expose cleavage planes, i.e., facet of cavity113and facet of cavity117.

Prior to forming coating film114and reflectance control film121described above, facet of cavity113is preferably cleaned by heating to a temperature, for example, of at least 100° C. in a film deposition apparatus so as to remove an oxide film, an impurity and the like adhered to facet of cavity113, however, in the present invention, it is not essential. Alternatively, facet of cavity113may be cleaned by irradiating facet of cavity113, for example, with argon or nitrogen plasma, however, in the present invention, it is not essential. Alternatively, plasma irradiation while heating facet of cavity113may be adopted. In plasma irradiation described above, for example, nitrogen plasma irradiation may follow argon plasma irradiation, or vice versa. Other than argon and nitrogen, for example, a rare gas such as helium, neon, xenon, or krypton may be used. Forming of coating film114and reflectance control film121to be formed on facet of cavity113is preferably carried out at a heated temperature, for example, in a range from at least 100° C. to at most 500° C., however, in the present invention, coating film114and reflectance control film121may be formed without heating.

Coating film114and reflectance control film121described above may be formed, for example, with ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) sputtering which will be described below, however, they may be formed with other various sputtering methods or CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or EB (Electron Beam) vapor deposition.

FIG. 3is a schematic view of a configuration of an exemplary ECR sputtering film deposition apparatus. Here, the ECR sputtering film deposition apparatus includes a film deposition chamber200, a magnetic coil203, and a microwave introduction window202. In film deposition chamber200, a gas inlet port201and a gas exhaust port209are provided, and an Al target204connected to an RF power supply208and a heater205are provided. In addition, in film deposition chamber200, a sample carrier207is provided and a sample206is placed on sample carrier207. Magnetic coil203is provided in order to produce magnetic field necessary for generating plasma, and RF power supply208is used for sputtering Al target204. In addition, microwaves210are introduced into film deposition chamber200through microwave introduction window202.

Gaseous nitrogen is introduced into film deposition chamber200through gas inlet port201at a flow rate of 5.5 sccm, and gaseous oxygen is introduced at a flow rate of 1.0 sccm. In addition, in order to efficiently generate plasma so as to increase a film deposition speed, gaseous argon is introduced at a flow rate of 20.0 sccm. It is noted that the oxygen content in coating film114can be varied by varying a ratio between the gaseous nitrogen and the gaseous oxygen in growth chamber200. Moreover, in order to sputter Al target204, RF power of 500 W is applied to Al target204and microwave power of 500 W necessary for generating plasma is applied, whereby coating film114composed of aluminum oxynitride having an index of refraction of 2.1 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm can be formed at the film deposition rate of 1.7 angstrom/second.

It is noted that contents of aluminum, nitrogen and oxygen (atomic %) forming coating film114can be measured, for example, with AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy). Alternatively, content of oxygen composing coating film114can be measured also with TEM-EDX (Transmission Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy).

FIG. 4shows results of analysis by using AES, in a direction of thickness, of a composition of aluminum oxynitride separately fabricated under the same conditions and with the same method as described above. The contents of aluminum, oxygen and nitrogen, respectively, were obtained as based on an AES signal in intensity, with the sensitivity of a peak of each element considered. Herein, aluminum, oxide and nitrogen together assume 100 atomic % and an element other than aluminum, oxygen and nitrogen, contained in a small amount, such as argon, is excluded therefrom.

As shown inFIG. 4, it can be seen that the content of aluminum composing aluminum oxynitride is 34.8 atomic %, the content of oxygen is 3.8 atomic %, and the content of nitrogen is 61.4 atomic %, with a substantially uniform composition in the direction of thickness. It should be noted that, although not shown inFIG. 4, a negligible amount of argon was detected.

Thereafter, aluminum oxide film115is formed on coating film114with ECR sputtering. Here, aluminum oxide film115is fabricated, for example, as follows. Initially, in the ECR sputtering film deposition apparatus shown inFIG. 3, after coating film114is formed, the gaseous oxygen is introduced into film deposition chamber200through gas inlet port201at a flow rate of 6.5 sccm. In addition, in order to efficiently generate plasma so as to increase a film deposition speed, the gaseous argon is introduced at a flow rate of 40 sccm. Then, in order to sputter Al target204, RF power of 500 W is applied to Al target204and microwave power of 500 W necessary for generating plasma is applied, whereby aluminum oxide film115having an index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm is formed at the film deposition rate of 20 nm/second.

In succession, silicon oxide film122is formed on aluminum oxide film115using ECR sputtering. Here, silicon oxide film122is fabricated, for example, as follows. Initially, in the ECR sputtering film deposition apparatus shown inFIG. 3, Al target204is replaced with an Si target. After aluminum oxide film115is formed, the gaseous oxygen is introduced into film deposition chamber200through gas inlet port201at a flow rate of 7.5 sccm. In addition, in order to efficiently generate plasma so as to increase a film deposition speed, the gaseous argon is introduced at a flow rate of 20 sccm. Then, in order to sputter the Si target, RF power of 500 W is applied to the Si target and microwave power of 500 W necessary for generating plasma is applied, whereby silicon oxide film122having an index of refraction of 1.43 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm is formed at the film deposition rate of 20 nm/second.

Thereafter, aluminum oxide film116is formed on silicon oxide film122using ECR sputtering. Here, aluminum oxide film116is fabricated, for example, as follows. Initially, in the ECR sputtering film deposition apparatus shown inFIG. 3, the Si target used for forming silicon oxide film122is replaced with the Al target. Then, the gaseous oxygen is introduced into film deposition chamber200through gas inlet port201at a flow rate of 6.5 sccm. In addition, in order to efficiently generate plasma so as to increase a film deposition speed, the gaseous argon is introduced at a flow rate of 40 sccm. Then, in order to sputter the Al target, RF power of 500 W is applied to the Al target and microwave power of 500 W necessary for generating plasma is applied, whereby aluminum oxide film116having an index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm is formed at the film deposition rate of 20 nm/second. Thus, reflectance control film121constituted of aluminum oxide film115, silicon oxide film122, and aluminum oxide film116is formed on coating film114.

Aluminum oxynitride film118, aluminum oxide film119, and high-reflection film120on light-reflecting facet of cavity117can also be formed with ECR sputtering, as in the case of coating film114and the like. Here, before forming these films, preferably, cleaning through heating and/or cleaning with plasma irradiation is also performed. It is noted here that deterioration of the light-emitting portion gives rise to a problem on the light-emitting side where optical density is great, whereas deterioration does not cause a problem on the light-reflection side in many cases because optical density is smaller on the light-reflection side than on the light-emitting side. Therefore, in the present invention, it is not necessary to provide a film such as an aluminum oxynitride film on light-reflecting facet of cavity117. In addition, in the present embodiment, aluminum oxynitride film118having a thickness of 6 nm is formed on light-reflecting facet of cavity117, however, aluminum oxynitride film118may have a greater thickness, for example, of 50 nm.

After the films described above are formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113and light-reflecting facet of cavity117, heat treatment may be performed. Thus, removal of moisture contained in the films or improvement in film quality through heat treatment can be expected.

As described above, coating film114, aluminum oxide film115, silicon oxide film122, and aluminum oxide film116are successively formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113of the sample, and aluminum oxynitride film118, aluminum oxide film119, and high-reflection film120are successively formed on light-reflecting facet of cavity117. Thereafter, the sample is divided into chips, to thereby obtain nitride semiconductor laser devices100shown inFIG. 1.

FIG. 5shows results of theoretical calculation of reflectance spectrum at light-emitting facet of cavity113of nitride semiconductor laser device100structured as described above. It can be seen fromFIG. 5that high reflectance of approximately 30% with respect to light of a wavelength of 405 nm can be obtained at light-emitting facet of cavity113of nitride semiconductor laser device100.

FIG. 6shows results of actual measurement of reflectance spectrum at light-emitting facet of cavity113of nitride semiconductor laser device100structured as described above. It can be seen fromFIG. 6that high reflectance of approximately 30% with respect to light of a wavelength of 405 nm can be obtained at light-emitting facet of cavity113of nitride semiconductor laser device100, which is substantially the same as the theoretical calculation result shown inFIG. 5.

The theoretical calculation result of reflectance spectrum shown inFIG. 5was obtained by theoretical calculation based on measurement of a thickness and an index of refraction with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, of each layer forming nitride semiconductor laser device100. Here, the thickness and the index of refraction with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm of each layer constituting nitride semiconductor laser device100were found using ellipsometry. In addition, the actual reflectance spectrum shown inFIG. 6was found based on spectroscopy of white light and measurement of reflectance with respect to light of each wavelength.

The COD level after aging (80° C., CW drive, optical output of 40 mW, 300 hours) of nitride semiconductor laser device100described above was examined, and the results are as shown inFIG. 7. As shown inFIG. 7, it was found that the COD level after aging of nitride semiconductor laser device100was very high around 350 to 400 mW.

Alternatively, a nitride semiconductor laser device according to a comparative example, having a structure the same as nitride semiconductor laser device100except that reflectance control film121as above was directly formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113without coating film114, was fabricated. Then, the COD level after aging (80° C., CW drive, optical output of 40 mW, 300 hours) of the nitride semiconductor laser device according to the comparative example was examined. The results are as shown inFIG. 10. As shown inFIG. 10, it was found that the COD level after aging of the nitride semiconductor laser device according to the comparative example was approximately 200 to 250 mW, which is significantly lower than that of nitride semiconductor laser device100described above.

The reason why the COD level after aging of nitride semiconductor laser device100was thus higher than that of the nitride semiconductor laser device according to the comparative example may be because the number of nonradiative centers at an interface between light-emitting facet of cavity113and coating film114decreased as a result of formation of coating film114on light-emitting facet of cavity113and/or because close contact between light-emitting facet of cavity113and coating film114was attained.

Thereafter, dependency on the COD level of the oxygen content in coating film114of nitride semiconductor laser device100was examined. The results are as shown inFIG. 8. Here, the oxygen content in coating film114was varied from 0 atomic % to 50 atomic %, and the COD level of nitride semiconductor laser device100after aging for 300 hours (300 hours, 80° C., optical output of 100 mW, CW drive) was measured. Here, when the oxygen content in coating film114is varied, the content of aluminum (atomic %) in coating film114hardly varies and the content of nitrogen (atomic %) decreases in correspondence with increase in the content of oxygen (atomic %), because both of oxygen and nitrogen can basically bond to aluminum.

As shown inFIG. 8, it can be seen that, when the oxygen content in coating film114is in a range from at least 0 atomic % to at most 35 atomic %, in particular when the oxygen content in coating film114is in a range from at least 2 atomic % to at most 30 atomic %, the COD level tends to be very high at 300 mW or greater. Therefore, the oxygen content in coating film114formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113is preferably in a range from at least 0 atomic % to at most 35 atomic % and more preferably in a range from at least 2 atomic % to at most 30 atomic %, in which case the COD level after aging tends to improve. Naturally, when the oxygen content in coating film114is set to 0 atomic %, coating film114is formed of an aluminum nitride film, and when the oxygen content is greater than 0 atomic %, coating film114is formed of an aluminum oxynitride film.

As shown inFIG. 8, the reason why the COD level can be high when the oxygen content in coating film114formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113is in a range from at least 0 atomic % to at most 35 atomic % may be because close contact between facet of cavity113formed of a nitride semiconductor and coating film114is improved and generation of nonradiative recombination level due to oxidation of facet of cavity113does not affect the COD level.

When the oxygen content is set to 0 atomic %, the COD level is slightly lower. This may be because aluminum nitride composing coating film114has large internal stress and contact between facet of cavity113and coating film114becomes weaker. The present inventors, however, have found that the COD level improves when silicon nitride is contained in coating film114composed of aluminum nitride. This may be because silicon nitride mitigates the internal stress of aluminum nitride.

In addition, if the oxygen content in coating film114is greater than 35 atomic %, it is considered that a part of facet of cavity113formed of a nitride semiconductor is oxidized by oxygen contained in coating film114and such oxidation results in nonradiative recombination level, which has led to lower COD level.

FIG. 9Ashows results of theoretical calculation of reflectance spectrum at light-emitting facet of cavity113of another exemplary nitride semiconductor laser device, that is structured similarly to nitride semiconductor laser device100described above except that coating film114formed of an aluminum nitride film having a thickness of 24 nm, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 64 nm, an aluminum nitride film having a thickness of 24 nm, and an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 24 nm are successively formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113. Here, the aluminum nitride film has the index of refraction of 2.1 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, the silicon oxide film has the index of refraction of 1.43 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, and the aluminum oxide film has the index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm.

FIG. 9Bshows results of theoretical calculation of reflectance spectrum at light-emitting facet of cavity113of another exemplary nitride semiconductor laser device, that is structured similarly to nitride semiconductor laser device100described above except that coating film114formed of an aluminum nitride film having a thickness of 3 nm, an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 117 nm, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 71 nm, an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 60 nm, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 71 nm, and an aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 60 nm are successively formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113. Here, the aluminum nitride film has the index of refraction of 2.1 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, the aluminum oxide film has the index of refraction of 1.68 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm, and the silicon oxide film has the index of refraction of 1.43 with respect to light of a wavelength of 400 nm.

As can clearly be seen from comparison ofFIGS. 5,9A and9B, the reflectance can be controlled by varying film structure on light-emitting facet of cavity113.

It is noted that aluminum oxynitride discussed in the present invention may take any form in the present invention; aluminum oxide may be mixed in AlN, crystals of aluminum oxynitride may be present in AlN, or aluminum oxide and aluminum oxynitride may be present in AlN.

In the embodiment above, an example where the oxygen content in the coating film composed of aluminum oxynitride is substantially uniform in the direction of thickness has been described, however, a coating film having a multi-layer structure with the oxygen content gradually varied or different in the direction of thickness may be formed.

Meanwhile, in the embodiment above, preferably, coating film114has a thickness of at least 1 nm. If coating film114has a thickness less than 1 nm, it becomes difficult to control the thickness of coating film114, and coating film114may not be formed on light-emitting facet of cavity113. On the other hand, even when the thickness of coating film114is too large, it is assumed that the effect of the present invention is not impaired, although internal stress of coating film114may give rise to a problem. From the point of view of improvement in controllability of the thickness of coating film114and controllability of the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113, coating film114preferably has a thickness in a range from at least 3 nm to at most 50 nm.

The COD level of nitride semiconductor laser device100described above is significantly affected by coating film114on light-emitting facet of cavity113, but not much affected by reflectance control film121on coating film114. Therefore, in the present invention, reflectance control film121can be designed relatively freely, taking into consideration only the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113, and hence the degree of freedom in design remarkably improves.

In addition, in the embodiment above, if coating film114is formed of an aluminum oxynitride film, coating film114may also be formed, for example, with reactive sputtering, by providing a target composed of aluminum oxide in the film deposition chamber and introducing solely gaseous nitrogen into the film deposition chamber. If such a target composed of aluminum oxide is employed, the aluminum oxynitride film can be formed without intentionally introducing gaseous oxygen into the film deposition chamber.

In addition, in the embodiment above, in forming coating film114formed of an aluminum oxynitride film, as aluminum is highly prone to oxidation, control and reproduction of a composition of oxynitride low in oxygen content tends to be difficult when gaseous oxygen is introduced in the film deposition chamber. Here, however, by using aluminum oxide less oxidized and represented in a compositional formula AlxOy(0<x<1, 0<y<0.6, x+y=1) as a target and by introducing solely gaseous nitrogen but not gaseous oxygen into the film deposition chamber, the aluminum oxynitride film low in oxygen content can relatively easily be formed. Moreover, a similar effect is obtained also when a target composed of aluminum oxynitride low in oxygen content is employed instead of the aforementioned target composed of aluminum oxide less oxidized and represented in a compositional formula AlxOy(0<x<1, 0<y<0.6, x+y=1).

In addition, the oxygen content in the aluminum oxynitride film can be varied also by varying film deposition conditions such as a degree of vacuum and/or a film deposition temperature in the film deposition chamber, whereby the composition of the aluminum oxynitride film can be varied. It is noted that a smaller degree of vacuum in the film deposition chamber leads to a result that an oxide is more readily taken into the aluminum oxynitride film, while a higher film deposition temperature leads to a result that an oxide is less likely to be taken into the aluminum oxynitride film.

If film is deposited with sputtering using a target composed of Al (Al target) with the introduction of gaseous argon and gaseous nitrogen into the film deposition chamber after an inner wall of the film deposition chamber is oxidized or aluminum oxide is formed on the inner wall of the film deposition chamber, the inner wall of the film deposition chamber has oxygen departed because of plasma, and therefore, coating film114formed of the aluminum oxynitride film can be formed.

In the present invention, for example, a nitride semiconductor mainly composed of (at least 50 mass % of the total) AlInGaN (a compound of at least one group III element selected from the group of aluminum, indium and gallium and nitrogen representing group V elements) may be employed as the nitride semiconductor.

In the present invention, reflectance control film121is not particularly limited provided that it is formed of an oxide. Among others, however, a stack of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon oxide film is preferably used as reflectance control film121. If reflectance control film121is formed of the stack of the aluminum oxide film and the silicon oxide film, fluctuation in the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113with respect to fluctuation in the thicknesses of respective films constituting reflectance control film121is small, and therefore, the reflectance can be reproduced with excellent controllability. In the present invention, it is noted that the stack of the aluminum oxide film and the silicon oxide film constituting reflectance control film121may be formed in such a manner that at least one aluminum oxide film and at least one silicon oxide film are alternately stacked.

In addition, in the present invention, the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113with respect to laser beams (laser beam of a wavelength, for example, in a range from at least 370 nm to at most 470 nm) lased from nitride semiconductor laser device100is preferably at least 18%, more preferably at least 30%, and further preferably at least 40%. When the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113is 18% or greater, generally, optical density at facet of cavity113is increased and it is less likely that high COD level is obtained. In the present invention, however, as the coating film formed of the aluminum oxynitride film or the aluminum nitride film is formed on facet of cavity113, it is likely that high COD level is obtained. On the other hand, when the reflectance at light-emitting facet of cavity113is 30% or greater, in particular 40% or greater, fluctuation in the reflectance with respect to thickness of each film constituting reflectance control film121can be made smaller by forming reflectance control film121with the stack of the aluminum oxide film and the silicon oxide film. Thus, it is likely that yield is improved.

The present invention is suitably used, for example, for a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device such as a nitride semiconductor laser device lasing at a wavelength in ultraviolet to green range, a nitride semiconductor laser device of a broad area type having a stripe of several tens μm in width and used for high-output applications, a nitride semiconductor light-emitting diode device lasing at a wavelength in ultraviolet to red range, or the like.