Ink jet transducer

An ink jet transducer operates on pressurized ink which is released on demand by action of an electromagnet operating to unseat a magnetic ball seated on the nozzle. Ink droplets are formed and are caused to travel in a path along the nozzle axis to impact on record media.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
In the field of non-impact printing, the most common types of printers have 
been the thermal printer and the ink jet printer. When the performance of 
a non-impact printer is compared with that of an impact printer, one of 
the problems in the non-impact machine has been the control of the 
printing operation. As is well-known, the impact operation depends upon 
the movement of impact members such as wires or the like and which are 
typically moved by means of an electromechanical system which may, in 
certain applications, enable a more precise control of the impact members. 
The advent of non-impact printing as in the case of thermal printing, 
brought out the fact that the heating cycle must be controlled in a manner 
to obtain maximum repeated operations. Likewise, the control of ink jet 
printing in at least one form thereof, must deal with rapid starting and 
stopping movement of the ink fluid from a supply of the fluid. In each 
case, the precise control of the thermal elements and of the ink droplets 
is necessary to provide for both correct and high-speed printing. 
In the matter of ink jet printing, it is extremely important that the 
control of the ink droplets be precise and accurate from the time of 
formation of the droplets to depositing of such droplets on paper or like 
record media and to make certain that a clean printed character results 
from the ink droplets. While the method of printing with ink droplets may 
be performed either in a continuous manner or in a demand pulse manner, 
the latter type method and operation is disclosed and is preferred in the 
present application as applying the features of the present invention. The 
drive means for the ink droplets is generally in the form of a crystal or 
piezoelectric type element to provide the high speed operation for 
ejecting the ink through the nozzle while allowing time between droplets 
for proper operation. The ink nozzle construction must be of a nature to 
permit fast and clean ejection of ink droplets from the print head. 
In the ink jet printer, the print head structure may be a multiple-nozzle 
type with the nozzles aligned in a vertical line and supported on a print 
head carriage which is caused to be moved or driven in a horizontal 
direction for printing in line manner. The ink droplet drive elements or 
transducers may be positioned in a circular configuration with passageways 
leading to the nozzles. 
Alternatively, the printer structure may include a plurality of 
equally-spaced horizontally aligned single nozzle print heads which are 
caused to be moved in back-and-forth manner to print successive lines of 
dots in making up the lines of characters. In this latter arrangement, the 
drive elements or transducers are individually supported along a line of 
printing. 
Previous and current designs for drop-on-demand ink jet print heads are 
sensitive to the ingestion of air into or the presence of air in the 
supply of ink. Even a small air bubble can interrupt or fault the 
performance of transducers that expel ink droplets from a nozzle by means 
of pressure pulses created within an ink-filled chamber or channel. 
It is proposed to provide an ink jet transducer or ink droplet drive 
element that operates, with the ink being in a condition under hydrostatic 
pressure, on the principle of an electromagnetic valve assembly for 
initiating and controlling the flow of ink droplets toward the record 
media. 
Representative documentation in the field of ink jet transducers or drive 
elements includes U.S. Pat. No. 3,424,198, issued to A. R. Erbach on Jan. 
28, 1969, which discloses a combined pressure regulating and pressure 
release valve having a solenoid driven carriage and a pair of balls 
rotatably mounted in the carriage wherein one ball always seals an orifice 
except while the carriage is being moved from one position to another 
position. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,710, issued to M. Matsuba et al. on May 1, 1979, 
discloses an ink liquid supply system having a reservoir and an 
electromagnetic cross valve for controlling the flow direction of the ink, 
and a drain tank with a ball valve functioning to absorb the rapid flow of 
the ink. 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,031, issued to E. L. Kyser et al. on Jan. 8, 1980, 
discloses an ink supply system with a pressure sensor and a valve operated 
by the sensor and integrally incorporated into the print head to meter the 
flow of ink thereto. The valve arrangement uses a piezoelectric activated 
beam which opens and closes the gate valve comprising a plug secured to 
the beam, a diaphragm and a seal along with a valve seat through which 
passes a valve orifice. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to ink jet printers, and more particularly, 
to means for initiating ink droplets and propelling such droplets along a 
path from an ink nozzle onto paper or like record media. The transducer or 
drive element is provided to discharge and to propel controlled amounts of 
ink for purposes of marking, encoding or printing on the record media. 
The principle and the use of hydrostatic pressure, rather than an acoustic 
pulse, is realized to propel the ink along a channel or passageway and out 
through an ink nozzle in the formation of ink droplets to be projected 
onto the paper. Since the ink droplets are impelled by hydrostatic 
pressure, the droplet formation and projection is not affected by air 
bubbles that may lodge in the ink line or chamber, whereas ink bubbles 
constitute a critical limitation to piezo-electrically-impelled droplet 
generation. The required force and motion is provided by electromagnetic 
action on a ball element which is caused to be moved to and from a seat 
portion of a valve assembly. The valve assembly comprises the ball which 
is made of magnetic material and which operates with the seat portion 
upstream of a nozzle and made of non-magnetic material. The ball is seated 
on the seat portion during stand-by or non-printing conditions by reason 
of hydraulic pressure acting on the ball. When the electromagnet is 
pulsed, a momentary magnetic field is generated and the ball experiences a 
magnetic force in opposition to the hydraulic pressure in sufficient 
quantity to move the ball from the seat portion. When the ball is 
momentarily off the seat portion, a controlled amount of ink flows past 
the ball along the channel and out through the nozzle. The flow of ink 
produces a drag force on the ball due to the combined action of viscosity 
and pressure distribution and which force returns the ball onto the seat 
and an ink droplet is formed and propelled toward the record media. 
A second embodiment or modification of the invention employs valve means 
wherein a central core is made of magnetic material and forms the central 
pole of the electromagnet. The plunger component of the valve is attracted 
toward the central core when the magnet is actuated, and is returned to 
the valve seat by spring action when the magnetic field is released, 
thereby ejecting fluid through the nozzle in the process of forming ink 
droplets. 
In view of the above discussion, the principal object of the present 
invention is to provide means for discharging and propelling controlled 
amounts of ink for purposes of marking or printing on record media. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide control means in an 
ink jet recording device for substantially reducing or eliminating the 
adverse effects of air bubbles in the controlled amounts of ink. 
An additional object of the present invention is to provide valve means for 
forming and propelling droplets of ink along a path and onto the record 
media. 
A further object of the present invention is to provide a valve assembly 
having a magnetic element movable to and from a valve portion by actuation 
of magnetic means to control the flow of ink from the nozzle of the print 
head. 
Additional advantages and features of the present invention will become 
apparent and fully understood from a reading of the following description 
taken together with the annexed drawing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
FIGS. 1 and 2 show an arrangement of a drop-on-demand type ink jet 
transducer wherein an electromagnet, generally designated as 20, includes 
a frame 22 of singular construction which is open at one end and has a 
flange forming pole portions 21 and 23 (FIG. 4) terminating in pole faces 
26. The flange portions 21 and 23 define an aperture 24 for receiving a 
nose portion 28 of a central housing member 30 which is formed to fit 
snugly at the surfaces of the pole portions. The frame 22 is made of 
magnetic material and is constructed in multi-part or laminated manner to 
facilitate assembly of the several parts of the magnet for use in the 
operation of the transducer. The housing member 30 is made of plastic and 
is supported from a strap or bar member 25 suitably secured to the frame 
22. Mounting holes are provided in the frame 22 and the strap 25 for 
attachment to a carrier (not shown). A coil 32 including a bobbin and 
associated wiring is positioned on either side of and is suitably 
supported from the frame 22 and has a portion thereof within the walls or 
side members of the frame. 
Valve means, better shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and generally designated as 34, 
includes a ball 36 of magnetic material and a seat 38 formed in the nose 
portion 28 of the housing 30 which seat adjoins and is connected with an 
aperture 40 in the nose portion. Ink is supplied at greater than ambient 
pressure by suitable means (not shown) through an inlet tube 58 entering 
the top of the transducer to a cylindrical cavity 60 formed in the housing 
member 30. The cavity 60 is closed at one end thereof by a plug 52 and 
contains the ink 62 for use in the ink jet transducer or print head. The 
ball 36 is surrounded by ink 62 in the cavity 60 and is preloaded by a 
light coil spring 64 which urges the ball onto the seat 38 in the nature 
of a check valve. The pole faces 26 (FIG. 4) are located relative to the 
seated ball 36 in such position that, when the magnet is energized, the 
resulting magnetic force acting on the ball is along the central axis of 
the cavity 60 in a direction tending to lift the ball directly off the 
seat 38. 
In the operation of the ink jet transducer of the present invention, the 
pressurized ink 62 is gated into droplets on demand by the action of the 
electromagnet operating on the miniature check valve 34. In a stand-by or 
non-printing condition, the ball 36 is pressed against the seat 38 by 
means of hydraulic pressure exerted on the ink flowing through the inlet 
tube 58 and also by action of the miniature coil spring 64 to form a seal 
against leakage or flow of ink from the cavity 60 through the nozzle 40. 
When the coil 32 is pulsed, a momentary magnetic field is generated in the 
vicinity of the poles 26 and the ball 36 experiences a magnetic force in 
opposition to the forces of the fluid pressure and the spring 64 of 
sufficient magnitude to remove the ball from the seat 38. 
When the ball 36 is momentarily moved off the seat 38 by reason of the 
electrical pulse, the ink 62 flows from the chamber 60 around and past the 
ball 36 and out through the aperture or nozzle 40. The flow of ink 62 past 
the ball 36 produces a drag force on the ball due to the combined action 
of the ink viscosity and pressure distribution that returns the ball to 
the seat 38 at the end of the pulse. During the brief period of time that 
the ball 36 is unseated, the mass of ink fluid which is ideally a single 
droplet 65 of the ink 62 is caused to travel along the axis and out the 
nozzle 40 to impact onto the record media 66. 
An alternate realization of ink jet transducer of axially-symmetric design 
is shown in the modification of FIG. 5 wherein a central member 70 of 
magnetic material includes a core 72 which is insertably assembled within 
a valve housing 74. The valve housing 74 is made of non-magnetic material 
and encloses a plunger, generally designated 76, and a compression spring 
78 which encircles the core 72 and is held in contained manner between a 
surface of the member 70 and the plunger 76. The nose portion 80 of the 
valve housing 74 provides a conical valve seat 82 adjoining and connecting 
with an orifice or ink jet nozzle 84. The chamber formed by the core 72 
and the valve housing 74 is filled with ink 97 supplied through the hollow 
core member 86 and the ink provides for immersing the plunger 76 and the 
spring 78. The valve housing 74 also serves as a bobbin for the magnet 
wire or coil 87 by reason of the addition of flanges 88 and 90. A cupped 
outer shell 92 of magnetic material retains the assembly and completes the 
outer portion of the magnetic circuit from a core flange 93 forward to the 
region surrounding the plunger 76. The shell 92 may be crimped as at 95 to 
the core flange 93, and a ring seal 94 is compressed within the annular 
space surrounding the member 70 upon assembly and constitutes a seal 
against ink leakage. 
The plunger assembly 76 consists of a magnetic inner portion 75 which is 
pressed or snap-fitted into a lightweight, non-magnetic, cone-tipped 
cylindrical member 77 which, upon assembly, is slidably located within the 
bore 79 of the valve housing 74. The conical nose 81 of the plunger 76 
mates with the conical valve seat 82 of the nose portion 80 of the housing 
74 to form an ink seal when unactuated or in the normally deenergized 
state. The sealing force is provided by hydrostatic pressure augmented by 
spring force derived from compression of the spring 78 installed between a 
base surface 83 of the plunger 76 and a shoulder 85 provided on the 
central member 70. The magnetic air gap 96 between the base surface 83 and 
one end of the core 72 sets an upper limit to plunger travel. Two or more 
longitudinal slots 89 are provided in the outer or peripheral portion of 
the member 77 to allow unimpeded flow of the ink 97 from the main cavity 
or chamber and past the plunger 76 to the forward cavity 98. Added 
channels for this purpose may be provided by adding two or more holes 
through the plunger shell such as longitudinal hole 99. 
In the modified device shown in FIG. 5, when an electrical pulse is applied 
to the coil 87, the plunger 76 is attracted toward the core 72 of the 
central member 70, thereby opening the valve and allowing fluid under 
pressure to occupy the increasing space between the conical tip 81 of the 
valve and the valve seat 82 and to flow out the nozzle 84. Termination of 
the pulse allows the spring 78 along with the force on the pressurized ink 
97 to reseat the plunger 76, producing a "squishing" effect between mating 
conical surfaces and accelerating the fluid column exiting the nozzle 84 
so as to generate a high speed droplet 100 which forms by surface tension 
when free of the nozzle. 
It is thus seen that herein shown and described is an ink jet transducer 
wherein electromagnetic means is utilized for moving a ball valve or 
plunger from a seated or closed position for allowing droplets of ink to 
be ejected from a nozzle or orifice onto record media. The arrangement 
enables the accomplishment of the objects and advantages mentioned above, 
and while a preferred embodiment and a modification thereto have been 
disclosed herein, other variations may occur to those skilled in the art. 
It is contemplated that all such variations and modifications not 
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention hereof, are to be 
construed in accordance with the following claims.