Switch key assembly having improved switch actuation

Switch key comprises a frame having a frame column and a plunger guided by the column. A return spring biases the plunger to its extended position. When the plunger is depressed, a switch actuator is moved against switch contacts adjacent to the frame to close the switch. The switch actuator comprises a bell crank pivoted to the frame and having a contact arm which closes the switch and a cam arm. The cam arm is cammed by the plunger to close the switch when the plunger is depressed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to switch key assemblies of the type having a 
plunger which, when depressed, close an associated switch. The invention 
particularly relates to the provision of an improved actuator which is 
caused to close the switch contacts when the plunger of the switch 
assembly is depressed. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
A commonly used type of switch key assembly comprises a frame having a 
frame column and a plunger slideably mounted on the frame. A biasing or 
return spring is provided which maintains the plunger in its normal or 
extended position and which is compressed when the column is momentarily 
depressed. An actuator is provided which is effective, when the plunger is 
depressed, to bring about closure of the switch which is associated with 
the switch key assembly. 
It is common practice to use a relatively small diameter coil spring 
directly beneath the plunger as an actuator. When the plunger is 
depressed, the coil spring is depressed and moves against parts of the 
switch which are beneath the coil spring to bring about closing of the 
switch. The switch contacts may be provided on the opposite surfaces of 
flexible membranes so that compression of the contact spring causes 
flexure of one of the membrane towards the other membrane. 
The present invention is directed to the achievement of an improved 
actuator which replaces the coil spring type switch actuator that is 
commonly used. While coil spring type actuators are satisfactory in many 
respects, they do have some disadvantages. For example, the springs are 
manufactured as loose piece items which can become tangled with each other 
in the assembly process when they are assembled to the frame and the 
plunger. Furthermore, when the plunger is depressed, the actuator spring 
has the undesirable effect of increasing the resistance of the plunger to 
an inordinate extent as the plunger approaches and reaches its fully 
depressed position. In other words, the contact spring contributes 
materially and significantly to the degree of force required to depress 
the plunger particularly at the end of the stroke of the plunger. It would 
be preferrable if the actuator did not contribute to the force 
requirements so that the assembly could be designed with more precision 
and could be designed such that it would have an ideal force travel curve. 
The amount of force required to depress a plunger is a significant factor 
in the ease and convenience of operating the key switch. 
A switch key assembly in accordance with the invention is of the type 
comprising a frame having a frame column which has a fixed lower end and a 
free upper end. A plunger is provided on the frame, the plunger being 
normally in an extended position and being movable on the column parallel 
to the axis thereof towards the fixed end of the column to a depressed 
position. A spring is provided to bias the plunger to the extended 
position. Normally open switch contacts are disposed proximate to the 
fixed end of the column, and a switch actuator is provided which is 
responsive to movement of the plunger and which moves the switch contacts 
to their closed positions when the plunger is moved to the depressed 
position. The switch key assembly is characterized in that the switch 
actuator comprises a bell crank having an actuator arm and a cam follower 
arm. The bell crank is pivotally mounted on a pivotal axis which is 
proximate to the fixed end of the column and which extends transversely of 
the axis of the column. The cam follower arm extends beside the axis of 
the column and the actuator arm extends transversely of the axis of the 
column. The actuator arm has an actuator portion which is adjacent to the 
switch contacts and which is movable towards the switch contacts and 
closes the switch contacts upon rotary movement of the bell crank in a 
first direction. The cam follower arm has a first cam follower portion and 
the plunger has a first cam surface thereon which cooperates with the 
first cam follower portion to cam the bell crank in the first direction 
upon movement of the plunger to the depressed position whereby upon 
movement of the plunger from the extended position to the depressed 
position, the switch contacts are closed, and upon return of the plunger 
to the extended position, the bell crank rotates in a second direction, 
which is opposite to the first direction, and the switch contacts are 
opened. 
In accordance with a further embodiment, the column has an axially 
extending opening extending therein from the free end towards the fixed 
end and the plunger is slidably contained in the opening. The plunger has 
an upper end and a lower end, the lower end being proximate to the fixed 
end of the column, the upper end being beyond the free end of the column 
when the plunger is in the extended position. The first cam surface 
extends from the upper end of the plunger. In accordance with a further 
embodiment, the upper end of the plunger has a force-receiving extension 
which extends laterally beyond the free end of the column and the first 
cam surface extends from the extension. 
In accordance with a further embodiment, the assembly has an integral 
supporting base, the fixed end of the column being integral with the 
supporting base, and the bell crank being pivotally mounted on the 
supporting base. The cam follower arm has an end portion which is remote 
from the pivotal axis and the first cam follower portion is on the end 
portion. In accordance with a further embodiment, the cam follower arm has 
a second cam follower portion and the plunger has a second cam surface, 
the second cam follower portion being between the first cam follower 
portion and the pivotal axis of the bell crank, the second cam surface and 
the second cam follower portion being effective, during movement of the 
plunger from the depressed position to the extended position, to rotate 
the bell crank in the second direction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 shows a keyboard 4 having a plurality of switch key assemblies 2 
mounted thereon at each of a plurality of switch sites 19. The keyboard 4 
comprises a rigid supporting panel 6, a circuit substrate 8, and an upper 
membrane 12. The circuit substrate 8 is bonded to the panel 6 by adhesive 
10 and adhesive 14 is provided between the substrate 8 and the upper 
membrane 12. The adhesive 14 may also function as a spacer between the 
membrane and the substrate. The opposed surfaces of the membrane and the 
substrate have switch contacts thereon as shown at 16 and 18, FIG. 3, at 
each of the switch sites 19. An individual switch key assembly 2 is 
mounted above each of the switch sites 19 by adhesive 20 on the upper 
surface of the membrane 12. When any one of the keys is depressed, the 
contacts 16, 18 are engaged with each other thereby to close the switch at 
the switch site. A conventional spacer bar 22 is provided at the bottom of 
keyboard above an additional switch site. 
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, each switch key assembly 2 comprises a 
frame 24, a plunger 26, a key top 28, a biasing spring or return spring 
30, and a switch actuator 32. The frame and the plunger may be of molded 
insulating material and are assembled to each other along with the return 
spring and the actuator as shown in FIG. 2. 
The frame 24 comprises a regtangular base 34 having a column 36 extending 
from its upper surface. The column has a lower or fixed end 38, a free 
upper end 40, and has an axial opening 34 extending therethrough. An 
opening 78 is provided in the base 34 beneath the column opening 42 as 
described below. 
The plunger 26 has a shaft portion 44 which is received in opening 42 and 
has an upper or force receiving end 54 on which the key top 28 is mounted. 
At its upper end 54, the plunger has radially extending arms 46, 48, 50 
and 52. When the plunger is depressed, the arm 46 is received in a slot 56 
in the column, the arm 48 is received in the upper portion of an axial 
opening 58 in the column, the arm 50 is received in a slot 60, and the arm 
52 is received in a slot 62. The arm 46 has a depending camming arm 64 
integral therewith which is engageable with a cam 66 on the surface of the 
column to provide a tactile effect when the plunger is depressed by finger 
pressure on the key top. This feature is explained fully in application 
Ser. No. 354,318 filed Mar. 3, 1982. 
As shown in FIG. 3, when the parts are assembled, the return spring 30 is 
in surrounding relationship to the column 36 and bears against the 
downwardly facing surfaces of the arms 46-52, this spring being retained 
by suitable retaining bosses 31 on the upper surface of the frame base 34. 
The actuator 32 is also surrounded by the return spring and mounted in the 
base as will now be described. 
The actuator 32 comprises a bell crank having a cam follower arm 68 and an 
actuator arm 70. Both of these arms extend from a web section 72 and 
parallel ears 74 extend from the web section in a direction opposite to 
that of the contact arm 70. The ears 74 have inwardly formed bosses 76 
which in turn provide generally conical depressions on the external 
surfaces of the ears. These ears 74 are received in slots 80 which extend 
from the opening 78 in the base and the side surfaces of these slots have 
bosses 82 that are dimensioned to enter the depressions in the ears. The 
actuator is thus pivotally mounted on an axis that extends normally of the 
axis of the plunger and which is beside the column 36. 
The actuator arm 70 has a contact end portion 84 which is curved downwardly 
as viewed in FIG. 3 and which is above the switch contacts 16, 18 when the 
parts are in the position of FIG. 3. This actuator arm extends through the 
side opening 58 in the column adjacent to the base of the column while the 
camming arm 68 is received in the opening. 
The camming arm has an upper end portion 86 which extends generally 
diagonally towards the axis of the plunger and which is beneath a first 
cam 92 that depends from the arm 48 of the plunger. The portion 86 of the 
camming arm is a first cam follower and is engaged by the cam 92 as shown 
in FIGS. 4-6 when the plunger is depressed to cause the bell crank 
actuator to be swung through a slight clockwise arc. 
The upper end portion 86 of the cam arm is connected by a reverse bend 87 
to an intermediate inwardly directed portion 88 which in turn extends to a 
second reverse bend 90 that serves as a second cam follower on the camming 
arm. The reverse bend portion 90 is against the side surface of the shaft 
portion 34 and this side surface has a recess 94 therein which is spaced 
from the lower end of the plunger. Recess 94 merges with a lower inclined 
surface portion 96 and an upper inclined surface portion 98, both of these 
portions extending to surface portions 99 and 101 respectively on the side 
of the plunger. 
It will be apparent from a study of FIG. 3 that the surface 99 will 
maintain the bell crank actuator in the position of FIG. 3 so long as the 
plunger remains in its normal or extended position. As a result, the end 
portion 84 of the arm 70 is held away from the upper surface of the 
membrane 12 and a positive means is thereby provided to insure that the 
switch contacts will not be accidentally closed. 
When the plunger is depressed as shown in FIGS. 4-6, the lower end of the 
cam 92 engages the free end portion 86 of the camming arm to cause 
clockwise rotation of the bell crank from the position of FIG. 3. Also 
during depression of the plunger, the surface 96 moves past the reverse 
bend 90 of the camming arm 68 so that such clockwise movement is 
permitted. As the plunger is further depressed, FIGS. 5 and 6, the reverse 
bend 90 will move in engagement with the surface 94 of the plunger and the 
upper reverse bend 80 will move along the surface of the cam 92. 
When the plunger returns to its normal position from the position of FIG. 6 
under the influence of the return spring 30, the parts move respectively 
from the position of FIG. 6 to the position of FIGS. 5, 4, and 3. During 
such upward movement of the plunger, the bell crank is cammed in a 
counterclockwise direction by camming surface 96 and cam follower 90 and 
the contact arm is thereby lifted from the upper surface of the membrane 
to allow the switch contacts to open. 
FIGS. 7 and 8 show the manner in which the actuator members 32 can be 
manufactured in continuous strip form. The individual actuator blanks 32' 
are stamped from sheet metal with each blank being connected to the 
carrier strip 100 by connecting sections 102. The blanks 32' are formed 
into the bell crank actuators as shown in FIG. 8 while still part of the 
carrier strip and the actuators can thus be removed from the strip and 
assembled to switch frames by suitable automatic assembly machines. 
As noted above, the contact arm 70 of the bell crank actuator is lifted in 
a positive manner when the plunger is moved by the return spring from its 
depressed position to its normal position. This is a desirable feature in 
that it insures that the actuator will be moved away from the switch 
contacts thereby allowing the contacts to open. It is also desirable in 
that the end 84 of the actuator arm can be bonded or otherwise secured to 
the membrane 12 so that counterclockwise movement of the bell crank will 
bring about positive opening of the switch when the plunger moves upwardly 
from its depressed position. If the actuator arm is secured to the 
membrane 12, it would be necessary to make slight changes in the position 
of the arm from the position shown in FIG. 3.