Recording medium having data structure for managing reproduction of video data recorded thereon

The data structure for managing reproduction of at least video data recorded on the recording medium includes a general information file area storing at least one general information file. The general information file includes at least one playlist identifier identifying a playlist file forming a title of video data recorded on the recording medium and title management information for managing reproduction of the video data by title. A playlist directory area stores at least one playlist directory, and each playlist directory includes at least one playlist file identified by a playlist identifier in the general information file. Each playlist file identifies at least one playitem, and each playitem identifies a clip of the video data.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a recording medium having a data structure for managing reproduction of at least video data recorded thereon as well as methods and apparatuses for reproduction and recording.

2. Description of the Related Art

The standardization of new high-density read only and rewritable optical disks capable of recording large amounts of high-quality video and audio data has been progressing rapidly and new optical disk related products are expected to be commercially available on the market in the near future. The Blu-ray Disc Rewritable (BD-RW) is one example of these new optical disks.

FIG. 1illustrates the file structure of the BD-RW. The file structure or data structure provides for managing the reproduction of the video and audio data recorded on the BD-RW. As shown, the data structure includes a root directory that contains at least one BDAV directory. The BDAV directory includes files such as ‘info.bdav’, ‘menu.tidx’, and ‘mark.tidx’, a PLAYLIST subdirectory in which playlist files (*.rpls and *.vpls) are stored, a CLIPINF subdirectory in which clip information files (*.clpi) are stored, and a STREAM subdirectory in which MPEG2-formatted A/V stream clip files (*.m2ts) corresponding to the clip information files are stored. In addition to illustrating the data structure of the optical disk,FIG. 1represents the areas of the optical disk. For example, the general information file info.dvr is stored in a general information area or areas on the optical disk.

Because the BD-RW data structure and disk format as illustrated inFIG. 1is well-known and readily available, only a brief overview of the file structure will be provided in this disclosure.

As alluded to above, the STREAM directory includes MPEG2-formatted A/V stream files called clips. The STREAM directory may also include a special type of clip referred to as a bridge-clip A/V stream file. A bridge-clip is used for making seamless connection between two or more presentation intervals selected in the clips, and generally have a small data size compared to the clips.

The CLIPINF directory includes a clip information file associated with each A/V stream file. The clip information file indicates, among other things, the type of A/V stream associated therewith, number of source packets in the A/V stream associated therewith, and timing information of the source packets in the A/V stream associated therewith (e.g., on an arrival time basis (ATC) and/or a system time basis (STC)).

The PLAYLIST directory includes one or more playlist files. The concept of a playlist has been introduced to promote ease of editing/assembling clips for playback. A playlist file is a collection of playing intervals in the clips. Each playing interval is referred to as a playitem. The playlist file, among other things, identifies each playitem forming the playlist, and each playitem, among other things, is a pair of IN-point and OUT-point that point to positions on a time axis of the clip (e.g., ATC or STC basis). Expressed another way, the playlist file identifies playitems, each playitem points to a clip or portion thereof and identifies the clip file associated with the clip.

A playlist directory may include real playlist (*.rpls) and virtual playlists (*.vpls). A real playlist can only use clips and not bridge-clips. Namely, the real playlist is considered as referring to parts of clips, and therefore, conceptually considered equivalent in disk space to the referred to parts of the clips. A virtual playlist can use both clips and bridge-clips, and therefore, the conceptual considerations of a real playlist do not exist with virtual playlists.

The info.bdav file is a general information file that provide general information for managing the reproduction of the A/V stream recorded on the optical disk. More specifically, the info.bdav file includes, among other things, a table of playlists that identifies the files names of the playlist in the PLAYLIST directory of the same BDAV directory.

The standardization for high-density read-only optical disks such as the Blu-ray ROM (BD-ROM) is still under way. An effective data structure for managing reproduction of video and audio data recorded on the high-density read-only optical disk such as a BD-ROM is not yet available.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the data structure according to the present invention, a general information file is recording in a general information file area of the recording medium. The general information identifies playlists recorded on the recording medium and may include title management information for managing reproduction of the video data represented by the playlists by title. In one exemplary embodiment the title management information indicates which playlists belong to which titles. In one exemplary embodiment, the title management information creates a one-to-one correspondence between titles and playlists.

In the data structure according to the present invention, the playlists may include chapter management information for managing reproduction of the titles by chapter. In one exemplary embodiment, the chapter management information includes a chapter entry flag associated with each playitem in a playlist, where the chapter entry flag indicates whether the playitem begins a chapter. In another exemplary embodiment, the chapter management information includes a field of information in the playlist indicating the number of chapters and a time in the video data when each chapter begins.

The data structure according to the present invention may also include path management information in the playlists for managing reproduction of multiple reproduction path video data. In one exemplary embodiment, each playitem includes information identifying the paths to which the playitem belongs.

The present invention further provides apparatuses and methods for recording and reproducing the data structure according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In order that the invention may be fully understood, preferred embodiments thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A high-density optical disk, for example, a Blu-Ray ROM (BD-ROM) in accordance with the invention may have a file or data structure for managing reproduction of video and audio data as shown inFIG. 2. Many aspects of the data structure according to the present invention shown inFIG. 2are similar to that of the BD-RW standard discussed with respect toFIG. 1. As such these aspects will not be described in great detail.

As shown inFIG. 2, the root directory contains at least one DVP directory. The DVP directory includes a general information file ‘info.dvp’, a PLAYLIST directory in which playlist files (e.g., real (*.rpls) and virtual (*.vpls)) are stored, a CLIPINF directory in which clip information files (*.clpi) are stored, and a STREAM directory in which MPEG2-formatted A/V stream clip files (*.m2ts) corresponding to the clip information files are stored.

The STREAM directory includes MPEG2-formatted A/V stream files called clips. The STREAM directory may also include a special type of clip referred to as a bridge-clip A/V stream file. A bridge-clip is used for making seamless connection between two or more presentation intervals selected in the clips, and generally have a small data size compared to the clips.

The CLIPINF directory includes a clip information file associated with each A/V stream file. The clip information file indicates, among other things, the type of A/V stream associated therewith, number of source packets in the A/V stream associated therewith, and timing information of the source packets in the A/V stream associated therewith (e.g., on an arrival time basis (ATC) and/or a system time basis (STC)).

The PLAYLIST directory includes one or more playlist files. The concept of a playlist has been introduced to promote ease of editing/assembling clips for playback. A playlist file is a collection of playing intervals in the clips. Each playing interval is referred to as a playitem. The playlist file, among other things, identifies each playitem forming the playlist, and each playitem, among other things, is a pair of IN-point and OUT-point that point to positions on a time axis of the clip (e.g., ATC or STC basis). Expressed another way, the playlist file identifies playitems, each playitem points to a clip or portion thereof and identifies the clip file associated with the clip.

A playlist directory may include real playlist (*.rpls) and virtual playlists (*.vpls). A real playlist can only use clips and not bridge-clips. Namely, the real playlist is considered as referring to parts of clips, and therefore, conceptually considered equivalent in disk space to the referred to parts of the clips. A virtual playlist can use both clips and bridge-clips, and therefore, the conceptual considerations of a real playlist do not exist with virtual playlists.

The info.dvp file is a general information file that provide general information for managing the reproduction of the A/V stream recorded on the optical disk. More specifically, the info.bdav file includes, among other things, a table of playlists that identifies the files names of the playlist in the PLAYLIST directory of the same DVP directory. The info.dvp file will be discussed in greater detail below with respect to the embodiments of the present invention.

In addition to illustrating the data structure of the recording medium according to an embodiment of the present invention,FIG. 2represents the areas of the recording medium. For example, the general information file is recorded in one or more general information areas, the playlist directory is recorded in one or more playlist directory areas, each playlist in a playlist directory is recorded in one or more playlist areas of the recording medium, etc.FIG. 10illustrates an example of a recording medium having the data structure ofFIG. 3stored thereon. As shown, the recording medium includes a file system information area, a data base area and an A/V stream area. The data base area includes a general information file and playlist information area and a clip information area. The general information file and playlist area have the general information file recorded in a general information file area thereof, and the PLAYLIST directory and playlist files recorded in a playlist information area thereof. The clip information area has the CLIPINFO directory and associated clip information files recorded therein. The A/V stream area has the A/V streams for the various titles recorded therein.

Video and audio data are typically organized as individual titles; for example, different movies represented by the video and audio data are organized as different titles. Furthermore, a title may be organized into individual chapters in much the same way a book is often organized into chapters.

As shown inFIG. 2, and as will be described in greater detail below with respect toFIGS. 3-5, the general information file info.dvp includes title management information for managing reproduction of the video and audio data by title and the playlists include chapter management information for managing reproduction of a title by chapters.

Because of the large storage capacity of the newer, high-density recording media such as BD-ROM optical disks, various versions of a title or portions of a title may be recorded, and therefore, reproduced from the recording media. For example, video data representing different camera angles may be recorded on the recording medium. Or, an adult version, young adult version and young child version (i.e., different parental control versions) of a title or portions of a title may be recorded on the recording medium. Each version represents a different reproduction path, and the video data in these instances is referred to as multiple reproduction path video data. It will be appreciated that camera angle and parental control versions are but two examples of multiple reproduction path video data, and the present invention is applicable to any type or combination of types of multiple reproduction path video data. As will be described in detail below with respect toFIGS. 2-5, in an embodiment of the present invention, each playlist file includes path management information for managing reproduction of multiple reproduction path video data recorded on the recording medium.

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated inFIG. 2, each title may be associated with a single playlist in the PLAYLIST directory and each chapter in a title may be linked with at least one playitem included in a playlist.

In the example ofFIG. 2, the first and the second playitems among playitems included in the first playlist ‘PlayList 1’ refer to the first chapter, the third to the sixth playitems refer to the second chapter, and the seventh and the eight playitems refer to the third chapter. Also,FIG. 2shows a first production path is indicated by the odd playitems ‘PlayItem 1, 3, 5, 7’ and a second reproduction path is indicated by the even playitems ‘PlayItem 2, 4, 6, 8’. This is merely an example, and is not limiting on the path structure permitted by the present invention.

FIG. 3illustrates a portion of the general information file info.dvp according to an embodiment of the present invention in greater detail. As shown, the general information file info.dvp includes an information field called ‘TableOfPlaylists’. The playlist table ‘TableOfPlaylists’ indicates the length of the information field, and the number playlists in the DVP directory. For each playlist, the playlist table ‘TableOfPlaylists’ indicates the file name ‘PlayList_file_name’ of the playlist (which identifies the playlist) and title management information associated with the playlist. Specifically, the title management information is a title entry flag ‘Title_entry_flag’, which indicates whether the playlist is the start of a title. In the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 2where each title is associated with a single playlist, the title entry flag ‘Title_entry_flag’ is set for each playlist. However, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

The title management information also includes a title entry table ‘TitleEntryTable’ forming a portion of the general information file ‘info.dvp’ as shown inFIG. 4. As shown, the title entry table indicates the length of this information field, indicates the number of titles ‘number_of_Titles’, and for each title, indicates the filenames of the first playlist ‘Entry_PlayList_file_name’ associated with the title. In an alternate embodiment, the title entry table is written in a file separate from the general information file ‘info.dvp’.

The chapter management information, which is used for selectively referring to a chapter of each title, is written in a corresponding playlist file structured as shown inFIG. 5.FIG. 5also shows an exemplary embodiment where path management information, which is used for managing the reproduction of multiple reproduction path video data of a title, is written in the playlist file.

As shown, each playlist file indicates a length of the file, and the number of playitems ‘number_of_PlayItems’ forming the playlist. For each playitem, a playitem information field is provided in the playlist file. Here each playitem is identified by the number of the playitem. As shown inFIG. 5, the playitem information field includes, in part, an indication of the field's length, a chapter entry flag ‘Chapter_entry_flag’ and a path number ‘Path_number’. The chapter entry flag ‘Chapter_entry_flag’ provides chapter management information by indicating whether the associated playitem is the start of a chapter. The path number ‘Path_number’ provides the path management information by indicating the path or paths to which the associated playitem belongs.

FIG. 6illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical disk recording and reproducing apparatus according to the present invention. As shown, an AV encoder9receives and encodes audio and video data. The AV encoder9outputs the encoded audio and video data along with coding information and stream attribute information. A multiplexer8multiplexes the encoded audio and video data based on the coding information and stream attribute information to create, for example, an MPEG-2 transport stream. A source packetizer7packetizes the transport packets from the multiplexer8into source packets in accordance with the audio/video format of the optical disk. As shown inFIG. 6, the operations of the AV encoder9, the multiplexer8and the source packetizer7are controlled by a controller10. The controller10receives user input on the recording operation, and provides control information to AV encoder9, multiplexer8and the source packetizer7. For example, the controller10instructs the AV encoder9on the type of encoding to perform, instructs the multiplexer8on the transport stream to create, and instructs the source packetizer7on the source packet format. The controller10further controls a drive3to record the output from the source packetizer7on the optical disk.

The controller10also creates the navigation and management information for managing reproduction of the audio/video data being recorded on the optical disk. For example, based on information received via the user interface (e.g., instruction set saved on disk, provided over an intranet or internet by a computer system, etc.) the controller10controls the drive3to record the data structure ofFIGS. 2-5on the optical disk.

During reproduction, the controller10controls the drive3to reproduce this data structure. Based on the information contain therein, as well as user input received over the user interface (e.g., control buttons on the recording and reproducing apparatus or a remote associated with the apparatus), the controller10controls the drive3to reproduce the audio/video source packets from the optical disk. For example, the user input may specify a title, chapter, and/or path to reproduce. This user input may be specified, for example, via a menu based graphical user interface preprogrammed into the controller10. Using the user input and the title management information, chapter management information and/or path management information reproduced from the optical disk, the controller10controls the reproduction of the specified title, chapter and/or path.

For example, to select a particular title, the controller10determines from the title entry table the number of titles and requests the user to select one based on the number. As will be appreciated, the general information file may be augmented to contain more meaningful information (such as a title name) for the titles recorded on the recording medium, and this information could be provided to the user in conjunction with the title selection request. Once a title is selected, the playlist file name for the selected title is obtained from the title entry table and reproduction according to the identified playlist is performed.

To select a particular chapter, the chapter entry flag for each playitem is examined by the controller10to determine the number of chapters and the user is queried on which chapter to reproduce. As with the title selection, the chapter management information may be augmented to provide more meaningful information regarding the chapters. Selection of a particular chapter is a selection to begin reproduction at the associated playitem, and reproduction begins with the associated playitem.

To select a particular path, the path numbers for each playitem are examined by the controller10to determine the number of reproduction paths, and the user is requested which path to reproduce. As with the title and chapter selections, the path management information may be augmented to provide more meaningful information regarding the reproduction path to reproduce. During reproduction, only those playitems having the selected path number as one of their path numbers are reproduced.

The reproduced source packets are received by a source depacketizer4and converted into a data stream (e.g., an MPEG-2 transport packet stream). A demultiplexer5demultiplexes the data stream into encoded video and audio data. An AV decoder6decodes the encoded video and audio data to produce the original audio and video data that was feed to the AV encoder9. During reproduction, the controller10controls the operation of the source depacketizer4, demultiplexer5and AV decoder6. The controller10receives user input on the reproducing operation, and provides control information to AV decoder6, demultiplexer5and the source packetizer4. For example, the controller10instructs the AV decoder9on the type of decoding to perform, instructs the demultiplexer5on the transport stream to demultiplex, and instructs the source depacketizer4on the source packet format.

WhileFIG. 6has been described as a recording and reproducing apparatus, it will be understood that only a recording or only a reproducing apparatus may be provided using those portions ofFIG. 6providing the recording or reproducing function.

FIGS. 7-9illustrate a second embodiment of the data structure according to the present invention. As shown inFIG. 7, the data structure of the second embodiment is the same as the data structure of the first embodiment, except for the chapter management information.FIG. 7illustrates that the chapter management information indicates chapters through the use of chapter marks. As withFIG. 2,FIG. 7also represents the areas of the recording medium, andFIG. 10illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the recording medium including these areas.

In this embodiment, the playlist files include the chapter management information.FIG. 8illustrates a portion of a playlist file including the chapter management information according to this embodiment. As shown, each playlist file includes a playlist mark ‘PlayListsMark’ information field. The playlist mark ‘PlayListsMark’ information field indicates a length of the information field and a number of the playlist marks ‘number_of_PlayList_marks’ in the playlist. For each playlist mark, the playlist mark ‘PlayListsMark’ information field indicates the mark type ‘mark_type’, the mark name length ‘mark_name_length’, the maker ‘maker_ID’, an indicator of the playitem on which the mark is placed ‘ref_to_PlayItem_id’, and a time stamp ‘mark_time_stamp’.

The mark type indicates the type of mark. For example, when a mark indicates the beginning of a chapter, the mark type ‘mark_type’ identifies the associated mark as a chapter mark. The maker identifier ‘maker_ID’ identifies the manufacturer of the mark. The playitem indicator ‘ref_to_PlayItem_id’ indicates the Playitem_id value for a playitem on which the mark is placed. The time stamp ‘mark_time_stamp’ of the mark indicates a point where the mark is placed; namely, indicates a point on a time axis of the A/V stream of clips (e.g., ATC and/or STC basis) where the mark is placed. The ‘duration’ indicates the length of the mark that starts from the time stamp indicated by the ‘mark_time_stamp’.

Because the playlist mark information field provides the chapter management information, the chapter entry flag ‘Chapter_entry_flag’ of the first embodiment is not required.FIG. 9illustrates a portion of the playlist file showing that the playitems of this embodiment do not include the chapter entry flag ‘Chapter_entry_flag’. However, it will be understood that the chapter entry flag ‘Chapter_entry_flag’ could be provided.

The recording and reproducing apparatus ofFIG. 6operates in the same manner with respect to the embodiment ofFIGS. 7-9as was described above with respect toFIGS. 2-5. However, with respect to the embodimentFIGS. 7-9, the chapter management information ofFIG. 8is recorded and used during reproduction to selectively begin reproduction at a particular chapter. Here, the controller10determines the number of chapters in a title based on the number of playlist marks identified as chapter marks, queries the user to select a chapter, and begins reproduction of the video data at the point indicated by the time stamp associated with the chapter mark of the selected chapter.

As will be appreciated from the forgoing disclosure, the present invention provides a recording medium have a file or data structure that permits managing the reproduction of video data on a title, chapter, and or multiple reproduction path basis. Accordingly, the present invention provides a greater level of flexibility in the reproduction of video data than previously available.

While the invention has been disclosed with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate numerous modifications and variations there from. For example, while described with respect to a Blu-ray ROM optical disk, the present invention is not limited to this standard of optical disk or to optical disks. It is intended that all such modifications and variations fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.