Manually operable sweeping-type printing apparatus

A manually operable sweeping-type compact printer apparatus has an input section, a display section, an electric circuit section, and a printer unit. All these components are incorporated in a housing. The printer unit includes a print head, rollers, an encoder, and a ribbon take-up device--all attached to a chassis which is fixed within the housing. When an operator holds the printer apparatus and moves it across a recording medium, while keeping the rollers and the print head in contact with the medium, the print head prints data on the recording medium.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a manually operable sweeping-type printing 
apparatus for printing data on a recording medium while being manually 
moved across the medium. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
A manually operable sweeping-type printing apparatus is disclosed in U.S. 
Pat. No. 3,767,020 issued to Rowe on Oct. 23, 1973, entitled "Manually 
Positionable Automatic Printer." This printer comprises a hand-held 
housing and other components located within the housing, such as a print 
head, a roll of ink ribbon, a roller, an encoder, and a ribbon take-up 
shaft. The roller rotates, while being held in contact with a recording 
medium, as the housing is swept across the medium to print data on the 
medium. The encoder detects the rotation of the roller, thereby to 
determine the distance the housing has moved over the recording medium. 
As the housing is moved over the recording medium, with the roller kept in 
contact with the medium, the roller rotates. The encoder detects the 
rotation of the roller, and outputs a pulse every time the roller rotates 
by a predetermined angle. The pulse signal output by the encoder and 
consisting of such pulses, therefore, represents the distance the housing 
has been swept across the recording medium. In synchronism with these 
pulses, the print head is driven to print data on the medium, by using the 
ink ribbon. 
Such a printing apparatus must satisfy three essential requirements. First, 
it must be small enough that it can be comfortably held by any user. 
Secondly, it must be able to print data of a high print quality, 
regardless of the level of skill of the operator. Thirdly, it must be easy 
to manufacture. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is accordingly the object of this invention to provide a manually 
operable sweeping-type printing apparatus which is easy to manufacture, is 
small enough to be comfortably held by any user, and can print data of a 
high print quality, regardless of the level of skill of the operator. 
According to the present invention, there is provided a manually operable 
sweeping-type printing apparatus which comprises: 
housing; 
supporter incorporated within said housing; 
roller rotatably attached to said supporter, and capable of contacting a 
recording medium positioned outside said housing, for rotating when said 
housing is moved across the recording medium; 
printer coupled to said supporter, for printing data on the recording 
medium; 
distance-detector coupled to said supporter, for generating a signal every 
time said housing is moved a predetermined distance with respect to the 
recording medium; 
electric circuit mounted on at least one of said housing and said 
supporter, for operating said printing means in response to the signal 
output from said distance-detector. 
Since the roller, the printer, and the distancedetector are coupled to the 
supporter, they can be simultaneously incorporated into the housing. 
Hence, the printing apparatus of the present invention can be assembled 
with a higher productivity than the conventional apparatus whose internal 
components must be incorporated, one by one, into the housing, and then 
are located at appropriate positions within the housing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to 
FIG. 1 through FIG. 8. This embodiment is a hand-held word processor 
having the outer appearance illustrated in FIG. 1. As is shown in FIG. 1, 
the printing apparatus comprises housing 1 in the form of a rectangular 
box, display section 2 formed on the front of housing 1, and input section 
3 formed also on the front of housing 1. Housing 1 is small enough that it 
can be held by any user. Input section 3 has a number of character keys 3 
which are arranged in rows and columns, and control keys 3b arranged in 
two columns. Control keys 3b include data-selecting keys and a 
print-repeating key. 
As is shown in FIG. 2, the hand-held word processor comprises front block 
A, rear block B, and center block C sandwiched between blocks A and B. 
Front block A and rear block B constitute housing 1. 
Block A comprises front case 1a forming the front of housing 1, display 
section 2 attached to the outer surface of case 1, input section 3 also 
attached to the outer surface of case 1a, and main circuit board 4 located 
in front case 1a. Card port 5 and connector port 6 (FIG. 1) are made in 
the upper wall of case 1a. A memory card can be inserted into the word 
processor via card port 5, and a connector for electrically connecting the 
commercial power supply to the battery (later described) set within the 
word processor by a connector port 6. Mode-selecting switch 7, which is a 
slide switch and functions as a power-supply switch, is attached to one of 
the opposing side walls of front case 1a. Print-start button (not shown), 
which is a switch, is attached to the other side wall of case 1a. 
Rear block B comprises rear case 1b forming the back of housing 1, the 
rechargeable battery (not shown) set within rear case 1b, and a 
power-supply circuit board (not shown, either) located within rear case 
1b. Rear case lb is shorter than front case 1a, and coupled to front case 
1a, with its upper end aligned with the upper end of front case 1a and, 
thus, its lower end receding from the lower end of front case 1a. 
Center block C is located within housing 1 comprised of front block A and 
rear block B. As is shown in FIG. 2, center block C comprises chassis 8, 
printing unit 10 attached to the lower end of chassis 8. Chassis 8 has 
card recess 9 extending from the upper end to the middle portion, for 
receiving a memory card (not shown) inserted into the word processor 
through port 5 cut in the upper wall of front case 1a. Card-guiding rails 
9a are formed on the opposing sides of card recess 9. 
As is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, printing unit 10 comprises base 11, cassette 
table 12, main roller 13, auxiliary roller 14, and roller supports 15a and 
15b. Base 11 is a metal plate. Cassette table 12, which is made of a 
synthetic resin, is fastened to base 11 by means of screws. Rollers 13 and 
14 are rotatably supported by supports 15a and 15b which ar provided at 
the lower end of base 11 and spaced part from each other. Rollers 13 and 
14 are brought into contact with a sheet of recording paper in order to 
print data on the paper. Rollers 13 and 14 are made of material (such as 
hard rubber) which has a relatively large coefficient of friction and is 
comparatively rigid. Therefore, neither roller slips or is deformed 
noticeably while the word processor is printing data on the recording 
paper. 
Rollers 13 and 14 are fixedly mounted on rotatable shafts. Pulleys 13a and 
14a are fastened to the shafts of rollers 13 and 14, respectively. Pulleys 
13a and 14a and located below base 11. Rubber belt 16 is wrapped around 
pulleys 13a and 14a, whereby one of rollers 13 and 14 is rotated whenever 
the other roller rotates in contact with the recording paper. 
Printing unit 10 further comprises encoder 17 for detecting, from the 
rotation of main roller 13, the distance housing 1 has been moved across 
the recording paper. As is illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, encoder 17 
comprises pivot 18 projecting from base 11, disc 19 rotatably mounted on 
pivot 18, and rotation detector 20 for detecting the angle of rotation of 
disc 19. A number of radial slits 19a are cut in the circumferential edge 
of disc 19 and spaced apart at regular intervals. Rotation detector 20 
consists of a support and two parallel arms fastened, at one end, to the 
support. A light-emitting element (e.g., a light-emitting diode) is 
mounted on the first arm, while a light-receiving element (e.g., a 
phototransistor) is mounted on the second arm and opposes the 
light-emitting element. Detector 20 is positioned such that the 
circumferential edge of disk 19 is interposed between the arms. The 
support of rotation detector 20 is attached to base 11. Detector 20 has 
output lead 20a which is connected to main circuit board 4. 
First gear 21 meshes with drive gear 23 fastened to one end of main roller 
13. Second gear 22 meshes with first gear 21 and driven gear 24 fastened 
to disc 19. Hence, as roller 13 rotates in contact with recording paper, 
first gear 21 and second gear 22 are rotated, thereby rotating disc 19. As 
disc 19 is rotated, radial slits 19a sequentially come into alignment with 
the light beam emitted from the light-emitting element, whereby the light 
beam passes slits 19a and reaches the light-receiving element. Every time 
the light-receiving element receives the light beam, rotation detector 20 
outputs an electric pulse. Therefore, the pulse signal generated by 
rotation detector 20 represents the rotation angle of disc 19 and, hence, 
the distance for which housing 1 has been moved across the recording 
paper. Roller 13, disc 19, and gears 21 to 24 are designed such that 
encoder 17 produces one pulse every time housing 1 is moved 1/8 mm across 
the paper. 
As is shown in FIG. 3 and 4, printing unit 10 has ribbon take-up shaft 25 
for rotating the take-up spool incorporated in ribbon cassette 26 inserted 
in housing 1 and mounted on the single rigid base 11. Take-up shaft 25 
comprises hollow shaft 28 rotatably mounted on pin 27 projecting upward 
from base 11 and having flange 28a integrally formed with its lower end, 
and spool-retaining member 29 secured to the upper end of shaft 28. Drive 
gear 30 is rotatably mounted on hollow shaft 28 and meshes with third gear 
31 which in turn meshes with second gear 22. Friction disc 32 having a 
center hole is rotatably mounted on shaft 28 and interposed between flange 
28a and drive gear 30. Rotary plate 33 and washer 34 are loosely mounted 
on shaft 28 and interposed between member 29 and drive gear 30. Coil 
spring 35 is mounted on shaft 28 and interposed between spool-retaining 
member 29 and washer 34. Coil spring 35 pushes down washer 34, rotary 
plate 33, drive gear 30, and friction disc 32 onto flange 28a of hollow 
shaft 28, thereby fastening washer 34, plate 33, gear 30, and disc 32 
together. Rotary plate 33 has an arm extending outwardly. Gear 36 is 
pivotally coupled to this arm. This gear 36 meshes with drive gear 30 as 
is shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, and prevents ribbon take-up shaft 25 from 
rotating in the direction opposite to ribbon takeup direction when housing 
1 is moved in the direction opposite to the predetermined printing 
direction. 
As main roller 13 rotates in contact with the recording paper, third gear 
31 meshing with second gear 22 is rotated. Since third gear 31 meshes with 
drive gear 30, ribbon take-up shaft 25 is rotated. Since gear 30 is in 
friction contact with friction disc 32, and disc 32 in turn is 
frictionally connected to flange 28a of shaft 28, shaft 28 and 
spool-retaining member 29 are rotated. As drive gear 30 rotates in the 
direction as is shown in FIG. 6A, friction plate 33 is rotated, whereby 
gear 36, which is pivotally coupled to plate 33, is moved around the 
circumference of gear 30. 
It will now be explained how gear 36 prevents ribbon take-up shaft 25 from 
rotating in the direction opposite to ribbon take-up direction. When 
housing 1 is moved in the direction of the arrow (two-dot, one-dash line) 
shown in FIG. 3, i.e., the printing direction, main roller 13, which 
contacts with the recording paper, rotates in the direction of the arrow 
(solid line) shown in FIG. 3. As a result, gears 21, 22, 30, and 31 rotate 
in the directions specified by arrows in FIG. 3. As gear 30 rotates in the 
forward direction as is shown in FIG. 6A, ribbon take-up shaft 25 rotates 
in the take-up direction. In this case, rotary plate 33 rotates in the 
same direction as drive gear 30 until it abuts against stopper 37 formed 
on one side of cassette table 12. Plate 33 is thus stopped, but gear 30 
slips on plate 33 and keeps on rotating. Grease is applied between rotary 
plate 33 and washer 34, and plates 33 and washer 34 slips on each other. 
Shaft 25 therefore rotates as gear 30 rotates. When housing 1 is moved in 
the direction opposite to the printing direction, main roller 13 is 
rotated in the opposite direction, whereby gears 21, 22, 30 and 31 are 
rotated in the directions opposite to those specified in FIG. 3. As gear 
30 rotates in the reverse direction as is shown in FIG. 6B, rotary plate 
33 is rotated in the same direction, thereby putting gear 36 into 
engagement with third gear 31. The moment gear 36 comes into engagement 
with gear 31, these gears 30 and 36 are stopped. Ribbon take-up shaft 25, 
to which gear 31 is fastened, is therefore stopped, and disc 19 of encoder 
17 is stopped. At the same time, main roller 13 can no longer rotate and 
will slide on the recording paper if housing 1 is further moved in the 
direction opposite to the printing direction. 
As is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, printing unit 10 further includes print head 
38 and head holder 39 located below base 11 and fastened to base 11 by 
means of screws and holding print head 38. Print head 38 is a thermal 
print head having 4 heating elements arranged in one column, and designed 
to print data in a density of, for example, 8 dots/mm. Head holder 39 is 
shaped like a box and has opening 40 in the bottom, through which head 38 
can protrude. It contains head mount 41 to which print head 38 is 
attached. Head mount 41 is slidably supported by two parallel guide rods 
42 vertically extending within head holder 39. Hence, print head 38 can be 
moved up and down. Head mount 41 is biased downwardly by coil springs 43 
mounted on guide rods 42 and interposed between head mount 41 and the top 
of holder 39. Head mount 41 has horizontal hole 44. Print head 38 is 
incorporated within holder 39, except for its front portion protruding via 
opening 40 of holder 39. Print head 38 is attached to mount 41 by means of 
bolt 45, with its back contacting the head mount. As is shown in FIG. 3, 
bolt 45 extends through hole 44 and is threaded in a screw hole cut in the 
back of mount 41. Head holder 39 has hole 46 through which bolt 45 has 
been inserted into head holder 39. Bolt 45 is loosely fitted in hole 44 of 
head mount 41, so that print head 38, which is fastened to mount 41, can 
rotate around the axis of bolt 45. 
Base 11 of printing unit 10 is mounted on the lower end portion of chassis 
8 and coupled thereto by means of screws. As is shown in FIG. 4, circuit 
board 47 is laid on the back of chassis 8. Circuit board 47 has a flexible 
substrate within which a head driver circuit is formed. LSI chips 48 are 
attached to circuit board 47 Connector sections 47a and 47b extend from 
the lower and upper ends of circuit board 47. Connector section 47a 
extends through slits 48 and 49 made in chassis 8 and base 11, 
respectively. It further extends through slit 50 made in head holder 39 
and is coupled to print head 38 held within holder 39. Connector section 
47b extends through opening 51 made in chassis 8, protrudes upward from 
chassis 8, and is connected to the connector (not shown) which in turn is 
connected to main circuit board 4. 
As can be understood from the above, center block C comprises chassis 8, 
printing unit 10 attached to this chassis and including rollers 13 and 14, 
encoder 17, ribbon take-up shaft 25, the gear mechanism for driving 
encoder 17 and shaft 25, and circuit board 47 having a built-in head 
driver circuit. Center block C is placed within front case la, and is 
positioned such that both rollers 13 and 14 slightly protrude downwardly 
from the lower end of front case la. Chassis 8 is fastened to front block 
A by means of screws. 
Housing 1 has been assembled by combining front block A having center block 
C fastened thereto, and rear block B, and then by coupling front case la 
and rear case 1b together. The power-supply circuit board of rear block B, 
and the circuit board (47) of center block C are coupled to main circuit 
board 4 of front block A. 
As is shown in FIG. 7, printing unit 10 included in center block C is 
located at the lower end of rear case 1b and covered by detachable cover 
1c. Cover 1c has claws 52 protruding from the upper end. When cover 1c is 
formed onto the lower end of rear case 1b, these claws 52 fit into holes 
53 cut in the lower end of rear case 1b. Cover 1c is thereby attached to 
housing 1, with its surface positioned flush with the outer surface of 
rear case 1b. Cover 1c can be detached from housing 1 when it is pulled 
downwardly from rear case 1b. Cover 1c has window 1d through which an 
operator can see the ribbon-feeding spool incorporated within the ribbon 
cassette 26, thereby to know how much ribbon remains unused. Protective 
cover 54 is detachably connected to housing 1, thus covering print heat 38 
and rollers 13 and 14. Protective cover 54 has two elastic claws 55 
protruding from its ends and fitted in recesses 56 cut in the lower ends 
of front case la. As long as protective cover 54 is coupled to housing 1, 
it places print head 38 within housing 1, despite the force of coil 
springs 43 biasing head 38 downwardly. When protective cover 54 is 
detached from housing 1 in order that printing unit 10 prints data on the 
recording paper, print head 38 is pushed down by springs 43 and thus 
protrudes from the lower end of housing 1. 
As is shown in FIG. 7, ribbon cassette 26 comprises case 57, a ribbon 
take-up spool (not shown) contained in case 57, a ribbon-feeding spool 
(not shown, either) contained in case 57, and ribbon 58 wound partly 
around the take-up spool and partly around the feeding-spool. Case 57 is 
made of transparent synthetic resin, and has large notch 57a in which head 
holder 39 can be placed. That portion of ribbon 58 which extends between 
the spools is positioned in notch 57a; it can be wrapped around print head 
38. 
Ribbon cassette 26 is set on cassette table 12 of printing unit 10 in the 
following way. First, protective cover 54 and cover 1c are detached from 
housing 1. Then, cassette 26 is placed on table 12. When cassette 26 is 
placed on table 12, head 38 is placed in notch 57a and that portion of 
ribbon 58 is wrapped around print head 38. Finally, the position of 
cassette 26 is adjusted until it is held at a predetermined position by 
two claws 12a protruding from cassette table 12. Since disc 19, gears 21, 
22, 30 and 31, and rotary plate 33 are arranged below the upper surface of 
cassette table 12, ribbon cassette 26 can be set onto table 12 without 
coming into contact with these members. 
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the electric circuit incorporated in the 
word processor. As is shown in this figure, controller 100 and memory 101 
are provided on main circuit board 4. Controller 100 controls the other 
electric components of the circuit in accordance with the signals output 
by input section 3, mode-selecting switch 7, encoder 17, or the like. 
Memory 101 is used to store, under the control of controller 100, the 
character data input by operating input section 3. 
Controller 100 is connected to memory card interface 102 and head driver 
103, both incorporated in center block C. Controller 100 controls the 
datawriting into, and the data-reading from, a memory card (not shown) 
electrically connected to memory card interface 102. Further, controller 
100 outputs character pattern data to head driver 103 in accordance with 
the character data stored in memory 101 or the memory card, and a print 
start instruction causing head driver 103 to start driving print head 38, 
so as to print the character data in synchronism with the pulse signal 
output by encoder 17. 
Head driver 103 outputs print data, line by line, to print head 38 in 
accordance with the character pattern data supplied from control circuit 
100, and starts driving print head 38 in response to the print start 
instruction. 
Power supply circuit 104 and battery 105 are incorporated in rear block B. 
Electric power is supplied from battery 105 to power supply circuit 104. 
Circuit 104 supplies the electric power to the components provided in 
front block A and center block C. 
When mode-selecting switch 7 is moved to position W, as is shown in FIG. 1, 
the word processor is set in a word-processing mode (W). Then, character 
data can be input by operating input section 3, and the data thus input 
can be written into memory 101. When mode-selecting switch 7 is moved to 
position P, the word processing is set in a printing mode. Then, the 
character pattern data which corresponds to the character data stored in 
memory 101 or the memory card connected to interface 102, is supplied to 
print head 38. Head 38 prints the character data in synchronism with the 
pulse signal output by encoder 17 as housing 1 moved in the printing 
direction. 
It will now be explained how the word processor is operated. The word 
processor is operated in the same way as the known word processors. That 
is, the input section 3 is operated, thereby writing character data into 
memory 101 and simultaneously displaying the data by means of display 
section 2. When necessary, the character data is read from memory 101 and 
printed by print head 38 on the recording paper. 
More specifically, to input character data into memory 101, the operator 
moves mode-selecting switch 7 to the position W, whereby the word 
processor is set in the word-processing mode. He or she operates input 
section 3, thus inputting desired character data. This data is displayed 
by display section 2, and is written into memory 101 under the control of 
controller 100. 
In order to print the character data on a sheet of recording paper, the 
operator moves mode-selecting switch 7 to the position P, whereby the word 
processor is set in the printing mode. He or she detaches protective cover 
54 from housing 1, thus exposing rollers 13 and 14 and print head 38. The 
operator holds housing 1 and presses rollers 13 and 14 and print head 38 
onto the recording paper X. In this condition, coil springs 43 are 
compressed, and their reaction keeps head 38 in contact with recording 
paper X. Then, the operator moves housing in the printing direction 
indicated by arrow D (FIG. 1), keeping rollers 13 and 14 and print head 38 
in contact with the paper X. Hence, rollers 13 and 14 are rotated. As main 
roller 13 is thus rotated, encoder 17 outputs a pulse signal consisting of 
pulses, each of which is generated every time main roller 13 is rotated by 
the predetermined angle. This pulse signal is supplied to controller 100. 
Controller 100 reads the character data from memory 101 or the memory 
card. In accordance with the character data, the controller 100 generates 
character pattern data. The character pattern data is supplied from 
controller 100 to head driver 103. In response to the pulse signal, head 
driver 103 outputs print pattern data to print head 38, line by line. 
Print head 38 pints the character data on the paper X in accordance with 
the print data, by using ribbon 58 which is being taken up around the 
take-up spool of ribbon cassette 26 as ribbon take-up shaft 25 rotates. 
Print head 38 is located between main roller 13 and auxiliary roller 14 
which are spaced apart in the printing direction (i.e., the arrow D), and 
are biased by coil springs 43, thus slightly protruding outward with 
respect to rollers 13 and 14. As long as both rollers 13 and 14 remain in 
contact with the recording paper X, head 38 is automatically pressing 
ribbon 58 onto the paper X with a constant pressure. Further, since print 
heat 38 is rotatably supported on head table 41 of head holder 39, its 
entire front surface remains in contact with the paper X even if housing 1 
is tilted frontward or rearward while being moved across the recording 
paper X. Therefore, the character data can be completely printed on the 
paper X. 
As has been described, printing unit 10 comprises rollers 13 and 14, 
encoder 17, ribbon take-up shaft 25, print head 38, and the gear 
mechanism, which rotates disc 19 and shaft 25 as roller 13 is rotated, all 
mounted on the same base 11. Therefore, rollers 13 and 14, encoder 17, 
shaft 25, head 38, and the gear mechanism can be simultaneously 
incorporated into housing 1. Further, since the word processor comprises 
front block B which includes front case la having display section 2, input 
section 3, and main circuit board 4; center block C which includes chassis 
8 and printing unit 10 attached to chassis 8; and rear block B which 
includes case lb containing battery 101 and the power-supply circuit board 
(not shown), the components of printing unit 10 (i.e., rollers 13 and 14, 
encoder 17, ribbon take-up shaft 25, print head 38, and the gear 
mechanism) can be incorporated into housing 1 merely by fastening blocks 
A, B, and C together. Still further, housing 1 having display section 2, 
input section 3 and containing battery 101 and circuit board 4 can be 
assembled merely by connecting front block A and rear block B. 
Therefore, the word processor according to this invention can be more 
easily assembled, and thus be manufactured with a greater productivity 
than the conventional manually operable sweeping-type printing apparatus 
which has been assembled by incorporating the internal components, one by 
one, into the housing and then individually positioned therein. 
As has been described, both disc 19 of encoder 17 and ribbon take-up shaft 
25 are driven as main roller 13 is rotated, and roller 13 can be rotated 
by means of pulleys 13a and 14a and rubber belt 16 a auxiliary roller 14 
rotates. Hence, even if main roller 13 does not contact a recording 
medium, head 38 can print data on the medium, provided auxiliary roller 14 
is rotating in contact with the medium. Print head 38 can print data on 
the every edge of a thick recording medium, such as a notebook. 
FIG. 9A shows a hand-held word processor according to a second embodiment 
of the present invention. This word processor has two auxiliary rollers 20 
located at rear with respect to main roller 203, as is viewed in the 
printing direction. Auxiliary rollers 202 are coaxially arranged, and 
print head 201 is located between auxiliary rollers 202. FIG. 9B 
illustrates a hand-held word processor according to a third embodiment of 
the present invention. This word processor has two auxiliary rollers 301 
and 303 and one main roller 304. First auxiliary roller 301, print head 
302, second auxiliary roller 303, and main roller 304 are arranged in this 
order in the direction opposite to the printing direction. Also in the 
second and third embodiments, the print head can reliably contact a 
recording medium when the rollers contact the medium, since it is 
positioned between rollers.