Stable and easily rinseable liquid cleansing compositions containing cellulosic polymers

Liquid cleansing compositions which are cosmetically attractive, stable and which also have excellent performance properties. The compositions contain a water-soluble cellulose polymer, a solvent, a synthetic surfactant, and water as essential components and have a neat viscosity (100%) of 2,000 to 12,000 cps and a dilute viscosity (50%) of 15 to 95 cps. The compositions also contain a very low level of electrolytes.

TECHNICAL FIELD 
The present invention is related to lqiuid cleansing products, especially 
bath/shower compositions which contain a cellulose polymer as a 
thickening/skin feel aid and a solvent for viscosity control and phase 
stability. 
BACKGROUND ART 
The use of thickeners in lqiuid personal cleansing compositions is well 
known. U.S. Pat. Nos. disclosing such compositions are 3,697,644, October 
10, 1972 to Laiderman; 3,932,610, January 13, 1976 to Rudy et al.; 
4,031,306, June 21, 1977 to DeMartino et al.; and 4,061,602, December 6, 
1977 to Oberstar et al. 
It is also known that liquid personal cleaning products can be thickened 
by: 
a. Using polymeric additives that hydrate, swell or molecularly associate 
to provide body (e.g., hydroxypropl guar gum is used as a thickening aid 
in shampoo compositions). 
b. Using a combination of Carbopol (an acrylic acid polymer) and guar gum 
derivatives (e.g., using combinations of Carbopol and Jaguar HP-60 
gum/guar gum derivatives to provide thickening and soft silky skin feel, 
as well as shelf stability). 
c. Adding electrolytes, such as using NaCl to swell micelles to provide 
body. 
While it is known to use thickeners in liquid cleansing compositions, there 
is no teaching or suggestion of certain problems encountered with 
cellulose polymers in making stable, good performing liquid cleansing 
bath/shower compositions, or solutions thereto. 
Specifically, there are no suggestions for incorporating the solvents used 
in this invention into such compositions to obtain satisfactory stable 
products. 
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide cellulose 
polymers containing liquid cleansing bath/shower compositions which are 
phase stable and cosmetically attractive. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide liquid cleansing 
compositions which are clear as well as stable. 
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide liquid 
cleansing compositions which delivery satisfactory skin feel and rinse 
properties. 
These and other objects of the present invention will become obvious from 
and the detailed description which follows.

Curve 1 represents a product which has a high degree of slipperiness but is 
difficult to rinse. Curves 2 and 3 represent products which have the 
desired degree of slipperiness and ease of rinsing. Curve 4 represents a 
product which has a low degree of slipperiness, but which is easy to 
rinse. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to liquid cleansing compositions comprising 
from about 0.1% to about 1.5% of a water-soluble cellulose polymer 
consisting of hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl-, hydroxypropyl-, hydroxybutyl 
methyl-, carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like, from about 0.5% to about 
20% of a solvent consisting of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol (the 
monomers) or polyoxyethylene glycol or polyoxypropylene glycol (considered 
as polymeric forms of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, respectively) 
or the mixed block copolymers of polyoxyethylene glycol and 
polyoxypropylene glycol and mixtures thereof, from about 10% to about 50% 
of a synthetic surfactant, and from about 50% to about 80% of water. The 
liquid cleansing compositon has a neat (100%) viscosity of 2,000-12,000 
cps and a dilute (50%) viscosity of 15-95 cps. The compositions must 
contain less than 1% electrolyte. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
An important attribute of a personal cleansing product is the feel of the 
product in use. This feel can be described as soft, silky and slippery. 
Another important attribute is the ease of rinsing of the product while in 
use. A poor rinsing product can be described as one in which there is a 
prolonged feeling of slipperiness and slickness during the rinsing 
process. 
It has been discovered that the slipperiness and ease of rinsing of a 
product can be related in part to the viscosity of the solution of the 
product in water as it is diluted. This can be used to help described 
products which have the desired level of skin feel and ease of rinsing 
characteristics for certain end uses. The desired product must then be 
formulated to provide the desired dilute viscosity curve which controls 
skin feel and rinsing in use, the desired neat viscosity, the desired 
amount of lather in use and a stable product that does not separate or 
change in neat viscosity while stored. 
It has been found that products with high dilution viscosity curves are 
desirable to most women and disliked by most men because the product 
imparts a high degree of slipperiness and silkiness, i.e., suitable for 
feminine use but not by both sexes. In addition, these products are 
difficult to rinse for the same reaons. On the other hand, products that 
have low dilution viscosity curves provide insufficient silky, slippery 
feel for both men and women, but are very ease to rinse. 
This invention relates to shelf stable products with desirable neat 
viscosity, using selected thickeners, e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 
selected solvents, e.g., polyoxytehylene or propylene glycol. THe products 
are stable and provide a desirable level of skin feel for both mean and 
women by controlling the viscosity upon dilution relationships. 
It is known to use Jaguar HP-60 polymer (hydroxypropyl guar gum, molar 
substitution =0.6) in a personal cleansing product. This provides a high 
dilution viscosity curve desirable to most women and undesirable to most 
men. It is also known to use a combination of Carbopol and Jaguar HP-60 
and other guar gum derivatives which provide soft silky skin feel that are 
shelf stable. These formulations though do not provide the desired dilute 
viscosity and control of skin feel achieved in this development. 
The terms "Neat Vicosity" and "Dilute Viscosity" as used herein are defined 
according to the method taught herein, unless otherwise indicated. 
Cellulosic Thickeners 
The cellulosic thickeners in this invention are categorized as nonionic or 
anionic and are selected to provide the desired viscosities. Suitable 
cellulosic thickeners are listed in the Glossary and Chapters 3, 4, 12 and 
13 of the Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins, Robert L. Davidson, 
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1980, incorporated by reference 
herein. 
The nonionic cellulosic thickeners include, but are not limited to, the 
following polymers; 
1. hydroxyethyl cellulose; 
2. hydroxymethyl cellulose; 
3. hydroxypropyl cellulose; and 
4. hydroxybutyl methyl celulose. 
The anionic cellulosic thickener includes carboxymethyl cellulose and the 
like. 
The preferred thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose, which is made by 
treating cellulose with sodium hydroxide and reacting with ethylene oxide. 
Hydroxyethyl groups (molar substitution 1.5 to 3, preferably 2 to 3) are 
introduced to yield a hydroxyethyl ether. The reaction product is purified 
and ground to a fine white powder. 
The amount of cellulosic thickener found useful in the present compositions 
is about 0.1% to about 1.5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.0%. The 
thickeners are used in combination with the solvent to produce the neat 
and dilute viscosities of 2,000 to 12,000 cps and 15 to 95 cps, 
respectively, preferably 4,000 to 10,000 cps and 20 to 60 cps, 
respectively. 
Solvent 
A second essential component of the present compositions is solvent 
consisting of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol (the monomers) or 
polyoxyethylene glycol or polyoxypropylene glycol (considered as a 
polymeric form of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) or the mixed blcok 
copolymers of polyoxyethylene glycol and polyoxypropylene glycol and 
mixtures thereof. The polymeric forms of solvent have an average molecular 
weight in the range of from about 200 to about 10,000, preferably 400 to 
800. The solvent is present at a level of from about0.5% to abotu 20%, 
preferably from about 1% to about 10% in the present compositions. 
Surfactant 
The third essential component of the present compositions is a surfactant. 
The surfactant, which may be selected from any of a wide variety of 
anionic (nonsoap), amphoteric, zwitterionic, nonionic and, in certain 
instances, cationic surfactants, is present in a level of from about 10% 
to about 50%, preferably from about 10% to about 30%. 
Anionic nonsoap surfactants can be exemplified by the alkali metal salts of 
organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an 
alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or 
sulfuric acid ester radical (included in the term alkyl is the alkyl 
portion of higher acyl radicals). Preferred are the sodium ammonium, 
potassium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by 
sulfating the higher alcohols (C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 carbon atoms), sodium 
coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium or 
potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole 
of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or cocont oil alcohols) and 1 to 
12 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium or potassium salts of alkyl phenol 
ethylene oxide ether sulfate with 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxide per 
molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 8 to 12 carbon 
atoms, sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates; the reaction product of 
fatty acids having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms esterified with isethionic 
acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide; water soluble salts of 
condensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine; and others known in 
the art. 
Nonionic surfactants can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the 
condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophiic in nature) with an 
organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in 
nature. Examples of preferred classes of nonionic surfactants are: 
1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the 
condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing 
from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched 
chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being 
present in amounts euqal to 10 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of 
alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived from 
polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, octane, or nonane, for example. 
2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product 
resulting from the reaction of prpylene oxide and ethylene diamine 
products which may be varied in composition depending upon the balance 
between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements which is desired. For 
example, compounds containing from about 40% to about 80% polyoxyethylene 
by weight and having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 
11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a 
hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene diamine 
and excess propylene oxide, said base having a molecular weight of the 
order of 2,500 to 3,000, are satisfactory. 
3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 18 
carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched chain configurations 
with ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconut alcohol ethylene oxide condensate 
having from 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, 
the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms. Other 
ethylene oxide condensation products are ethoxylated fatty acid esters of 
polyhydric alcohols (e.g., Tween 20-polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan 
monolaurate). 
4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general 
formula: 
EQU R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 N.fwdarw.O 
wherein R.sub.1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical of 
from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide 
moieties, and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 contain 
from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., 
methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl radicals. The 
arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond. 
Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include 
diemethyldodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, 
dimethyloctyalmine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, 
dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9-trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, 
di(2-hydroxyethyl)tetradecylamine oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamine 
oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, 
dimethylhexadecylamine oxide. 
5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the following 
general formula: 
EQU RR'R"P.fwdarw.O 
wherein R contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging 
from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length, from 0 to about 10 ethylene 
oxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety and R' and R" are each 
alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The 
arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond. 
Examples of suitable phosphine oxides are: dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide, 
tetradecylmethylethylphosphine oxide, 
3,6,9-trixoaoctadecyldimethylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphine 
oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxide 
steryldimethylphosphine oxide, cetylethylpropylphosphine oxide, 
oleyldiethylphosphine oxide, dodecyldiethylphosphine oxide, 
tetradecyldiethylphosphine oxide, dodecyldipropylphosphine oxide, 
dodecyldi(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide, 
dodecyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphine oxide, 
tetradecylmethyl-2-hydroxypropylphosphine oxide, eleyldimethylphosphine 
oxide, 2-hydroxydodecyldimethylphosphine oxide. 
6. Long chain alkyl sulfoxides containing one short chain alkyl or hydroyx 
alkyl radical of 1 to about 3 carbon atoms (usually methyl) and one long 
hydrophobic chain which contain alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, or keto 
alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 
about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety. Examples 
include: octadecyl methyl sulfoxide, 2-ketotridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 
3,6,9-trioxaoctadecyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulfoxide, dodecyl methyl sulfoxide, 
oleyl 3-hydroxypropyl sulfoxide, tetradecyl methyl sulfoxide, 
3-methoxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3-hydroxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 
3-hydroxy-4-dodecoxybutyl methyl sulfoxide. 
Zwitteronic surfactants can be exemplified by those which can be braodly 
described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, 
and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight 
chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains 
from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic 
water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or 
phosphonate. A general formula for these compounds is: 
##STR1## 
wherein R.sup.2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of 
from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide 
moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from the group 
consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms; R.sup.3 is an alkyl 
or monohydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; X is 1 
when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen orphosphorus atom; 
R.sup. 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 1 to about 4 carbon 
atoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of 
carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups. 
Examples include: 
4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-octadecylammonio]-butane-1-carboxylate; 
5-[S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-hexadecylsulfonio]-3-hydroxypentane-1-sulfate; 
3=[P,P-P-diethyl-P-3,6, 
9-trixoatetradexocylphosphonio]-2-hydroxypropane-1-phosphate; 
3-[N,N-dipropyl-N-3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropylammonio]-propane-1-phosphonate 
; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate; 
3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate; 
4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxydodecyl)ammonio]-butane-1-carboxylat 
e; 3-[S-ethyl-S-(3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxyproyl)sulfonio]-propane-1-phosphate; 
3-(P,P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphonio)-propane-1-phosphonate; 
and5-[N,N-di(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecylammonio]-2-hydroxy-pentane-1-sulf 
ate. 
Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the compositions of 
the present invention are those which can be broadly described as 
derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the 
aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherien one of the 
aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and 
one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, 
sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of compounds 
falling within this definition are sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 
sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines, such as the one 
prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the 
teacing of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids, such as 
those produced according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091, and 
the products sold under the trade name "Miranol" and described in U.S. 
Pat. No. 2,528,378. Other amphoterics such as betaines are also useful in 
the present composition. 
Examples of betaines useful herein include the high alkyl betaines such as 
coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl 
betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl 
carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxy methyl betaine, 
stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl 
gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) 
alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, etc. The sulfo-betaines may be represented by 
coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, 
lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine, amido betaines 
amidosulfobetaines, and the like. 
Many cationic surfactants are known to the art. By way of example, the 
following may be mentioned: 
stearyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; 
dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride; 
nonylbenzylethyldimethyl ammonium nitrate; 
tetradecylpyridinium bromide; 
lauryl pyridinium chloride; 
cetylpyridinium chloride; 
laurylpyridinium chloride; 
laurylisoquinolium bromide; 
ditallow(hydrogenated dimethyl ammonium chloride; 
dilauryldimethyl ammonium chloride; and 
stearalkonium chloride. 
Many additional nonsoap surfactants are described in McCUTCHEON'S, 
DETERGENTS AND EMULSUFIERS, 1979 ANNUAL published by Allured Publishing 
Corporation, which is incorporated here by reference. 
The above-mentioned surfactants can be used in the liquid cleansing 
bath/shower compositions of the present invention. The anionic 
surfactants, particularly the alkyl sulfates, the ethoxyanionic 
surfactants, particularly the alkyl sulfates, the ethoxylated alkyl 
sulfates and mixtures thereof are preferred. More preferred are anionic 
surfactants selected from the group consisting of sodium alkyl glycerol 
ether sulfonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium 
ethoxy (3) alkyl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. 
Electrolyte 
An additional requirement of the present compositions is that they contain 
a low level of electrolyte. Electrolytes include inorganic salts (e.g., 
sodium chloride) as well as organic salts (e.g., sodium citrate). The 
amount of electrolyte varies with the type of surfactant but should not be 
present in finished product at a level greater than 1.0%, preferably as 
little as possible and less than 0.5%. In addition to the above-mentioned 
chloride and citrate salts, other salts include phosphates, sulfates and 
other halogen ion salts. The counter ions of such salts can be sodium or 
other monovalent cations as well as di- and trivalent cations. It is 
recognized that these salts may cause instability if present at greater 
than 1.0% levels. 
Aqueous Carrier 
The liquid cleansing bath/shower compositions herein are in the form of 
liquids in which water is the principal diluent. The level of water in the 
compositions is typically from about 50% to about 80%. 
Optional Components 
The liquid cleansing bath/shower compositions can contain a variety of 
nonessential optinal ingredients suitable for rendering such compositions 
more desirable. Such conventional optional ingredients are well known to 
those skilled in the art, e.g., preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, 
methyl paraben, propyl paraban and imidazolidinyl urea; other thickeners 
and viscosity modifiers such as C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 ethanolamide (e.g., 
coconut ethanolamide) and polyvinyl alcohol; skin moisturizers such as 
glycerine; pH adjusting agents such as citric acid, succinic acid, 
phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.; suspending agents such as 
magnesium/aluminm silicate; perfumes; dyes; and sequestering agents such 
as disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. 
One preferred form of the present compositions is a clear product. However, 
if desired, a pearlescer such as ethylene glycol distearate may be used to 
give the product a pearlescent effect. 
A preferred liquid cleansing product contains from about 1% to about 5% of 
an alkanolamide of a fatty acid having from about 8 to about 18 carbon 
atoms. 
If present, the optional components individually generally comprise from 
about 0.001% to 10.0% by weight of the composition. The pH of the lqiuid 
cleansing bath/shower compositions herein is generally from about 3 to 
about 9, preferably from about 5 to about 8. 
Method of Manufacture 
The liquid cleansing compositions of the present invention may be made 
using techniques well known in the art. A suitable method is shown in 
Example 1. 
Industrial Applicability 
The liquid cleansing compositions are useful as a cleansing aid for the 
entire body. The basic invention of a cellulose polymer thickener and 
solvent may also be applicable in other liquid type products such as 
liquid hand soaps and light duty dishwashing liquids that require a 
certain degree of skin feel. 
METHOD I--NEAT VISCOSITY (100% PRODUCT) 
Operation: (Brookfiedl LVF-Type Viscometer) 
Pour approximately 140g of the finished product into a 150 ml beaker taking 
care to avoid trapping air bubbles. Check the product temperature with the 
thermometer--the temperature should be between 74.5.degree.-75.5.degree. 
F. If not, a warm water or a cold water bath must be used to adjust the 
temperature. A common galvanized laboratory tray (depth of approximatley 
21/2 inches) may be used. Temperatures of the baths should be 
60.degree.-65.degree. F. for the cold and 85.degree.-90.degree. F. for the 
warm water. Place the beaker in the bath and stir sample gently with the 
thermometer, taking care to avoid generation of air bubbles. The sample is 
ready for analysis when a uniform temperature of 74.5.degree.-75.5.degree. 
F. exists throughout the sample. Attach spindle #4 to the viscometer. 
While the temperature of the sample is within the limits, carefully lower 
viscometer spindle #4 into the beaker. The spindle guard should not be 
attached. (Note: It is important that the spindle temperature is 
equilibrated to room temperature before inserting into the sample; allow 
at least 15 minutes for temperature equilibrium after washing spindle.) Do 
not lower the spindle below the depth notch. If this occurs, raise the 
spindle and carefully wipe the shaft above the notch, then reinsert the 
spindle into the sample. Center the spindle in the beaker with the surface 
of the sample in the center of the spindle depth notch. Start the 
viscometer motor, set at 30 rpm's, wait 15 seconds, then take a meter 
reading. Take two additional readings. Refer to the Brookfield visometer 
manual for proper operation. 
Calculations: 
Calculate the viscosity of the sample as follows: 
EQU Viscosity=A.times.200 
A=Average of the three meter readings. 
200=Convesion factor found in the Brookfield manual for spindle #4 @ 30 
rpm's. 
NOTE: When reporting the viscosity of the solution, always 
include the temperature 74.5.degree.-75.5.degree. F. 
(23.6.degree.-24.2.degree. C.). 
METHOD II--DILUTE VISCOSITY (50% Product/50% Water) 
Operation: (Brookfield LVF-Type Viscometer) 
Pour 175g of finished product and 175g of distilled water into a 400 ml 
beaker. Mix by hand with stirring rod taking care to avoid air bubbles. 
Check the solution temperature with the thermometer--the temperature 
should be between 74.5.degree.-75.5.degree. F. If not, a warm water of a 
cold water bath must be used to adjust the temperature. A common 
galvanized laboratory tray (depth of approximatley 21/2 inches) may be 
used. Temperatures of the baths should be 60.degree.-65.degree. F. for the 
cold and 85.degree.-90.degree. F. for the warm water. Place the beaker in 
the bath and stir sample gently with the thermometer, taking care to avoid 
generation of air bubbles. The sample is ready for analysis when a uniform 
temperature of 74.5.degree.-75.5.degree. F. exists throughout the sample. 
Attach spindle #1 to the viscometer. While the temperature of the sample 
is within the limits, carefully lower viscometer spindle #1 in the beaker. 
The spindle guard should not be attached. (Note: It is important that the 
spindle temperature is equilibrated to room temperature before inserting 
into the sample; allow at least 15 minutes for temperature equilibration 
after washing spindle.) Do not lower the spindle below the depth notch. If 
this occurs, raise the spindle and carefully wipe the shaft above the 
notch, then reinsert the spindle into the sample. Center the spindle in 
the beaker with the surface of the sample in the center of the spindle 
depth notch. Start the viscometer motor, set at 30 rpm's, wait 15 seconds, 
then take a meter reading. Take two additional readings. Refer to the 
Brookfield viscometer manual for proper operation. 
Calculations: 
Calculate the viscosity of the sample as follows: 
EQU Viscosity=A.times.2 
A=Average of the three meter readings 
2=Conversion factor found in the Brookfield manual for spindle #1 @30 
rpm's. 
NOTE: When reporting the viscosity of the solution, always include the 
temperature, 74.5.degree.-75.5.degree. F. (23.6.degree.-24.2.degree. C.). 
EXAMPLES 
The following examples further describe and demonstrate the preferred 
embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The Examples are 
given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed 
as limitations of the present invention as many variations thereof are 
possible without departing from its spirit and scope. Unless otherwise 
indicated, all percentages and ratios herein are by weight. 
In addition to the examples is a Skin Feel Test Procedure and the results 
thereof (Tables 1 and 2) that demonstrate the differences in both in-use 
slipperiness and ease of rinsing for HEC-thickened products vs. Jaguar and 
salt-thickened products. 
SKIN FEEL TEST (FOREARMS) 
Procedure: 
Pre-Wash, Panelists were aksed to first wash both forearms using CAMAY.RTM. 
toilet bar soap. After rinsing, while the arms where still wet, an initial 
skin friction reading (using a Skin Friction Meter, Ser. No. 595108, made 
by the Department of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, 
England) was made on both forearms. Two syringes were then filled with 1.0 
ml of two of the three products to be tested. 
In-Use Slipperiness. With arms still wet, the first product was delivered 
to the palm of the right hand. The product was then rubbed on the 
underside of the left forearm for 10 strokes (1 stroke is defined as 
rubbing the forearm from the wrist to the inside crease of the elbow and 
back to the wrist). The second product was immediately delivered to the 
left palm and rubbed on the underside of the right arm for 10 strokes. At 
this point, a skin friction reading was taken with the products still on 
the arms. Results are shown in Table 1. 
Ease of Rinsing. Panelists were then asked to rinse each arm separately, 
counting the number of bare hand strokes needed to completely rinse the 
product off their forearms. Results are shown in Table 2. 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Skin Friction Meter Results 
(In-Use Slipperiness) 
Skin friction data of product on skin correlate with expected 
in-use slipperiness based on the skin feel agents used in the 
following products. Examples A, B and C listed below describe 
the three formulas used in this test. 
Component A B C.sup.1 
______________________________________ 
Sodium Lauryl Ethoxy (3) 
39.3% 38.5% 21.5% 
Sulfate Solution (28.5% solution) 
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution 
32.2 31.6 N/A 
(28.5% solution) 
Coconut Monoethanolamide 
4.0 4.0 N/A 
Coconut Diethanolamide 
-- -- 2.2 
Perfume 3.0 2.0 N/A 
Ethylene Glycol Distearate 
1.0 1.0 N/A 
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic 
0.1 0.1 N/A 
Acid 
Preservatives 0.25 0.25 N/A 
Color Solution 0.8 1.1 N/A 
Citric Acid 0.25 0.12 N/A 
Sodium Chloride 0.1 0.1 0.5 
Jaguar HP-60 0.55 -- N/A 
Natrosol 250 -- 0.2 N/A 
Propylene Glycol 9.0 3.0 3.5 
Distilled Water Balance Balance Balance 
100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 
______________________________________ 
.sup.1 Commercially available FA Bath Foam made by Henkel Co. 
N/A = Data not available. 
The Neat and Dilute Viscosities of the above liquid cleansers, Examples A, 
B and C, are shown in the FIGURE as Curves 1, 3 and 4, respectively. The 
skin friction reduction results are as follows: 
______________________________________ 
% Reduction of Skin 
Product Friction with Product 
______________________________________ 
A - with Jaguar gum 
70% 
B - with HEC 62% 
C - without skin feel agent 
54% 
(salt thickened) 
______________________________________ 
NOTE: Above results are based on a complete round robin paired comparison 
test using a base panel of 22-23 for each pair tested. 
The confidence levels of significant differences (using the Student T test) 
between the three products area as follows: 
______________________________________ 
Product Comparison % Confidence 
______________________________________ 
Jaguar gum vs. no skin feel 
99.5% 
agent (salt thickened) 
Jaguar gum vs. HEC 96.0% 
HEC vs. no skin feel agent 
95.0% 
(salt thickened) 
______________________________________ 
TABLE 2 
______________________________________ 
Panelist Rinsing Results 
(Ease of Rinsing) 
Panelist product rinsing results correlate with expected ease 
of rinsing. The results are as follows: 
Avg. No. of Strokes 
Req'd to Completely 
Product Rinse Product 
______________________________________ 
A - with Jaguar gum 
12.2 
B - with HEC 10.8 
C - without skin feel agent 
9.7 
(salt thickened) 
______________________________________ 
NOTE: Above results are based on a complete round robin paired comparison 
test using a base panel of 22-23 for each pair tested. 
The confidence levels of significant differences between the three products 
are as follows: 
______________________________________ 
Product Comparison % Confidence 
______________________________________ 
Jaguar gum vs. no skin feel 
99+% 
agent (salt thickened) 
Jaguar gum vs. HEC 88% 
HEC vs. no skin feel agent 
87% 
(salt thickened) 
______________________________________ 
EXAMPLE I 
A full product formula was made with 0.2% hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and 
3% propylene glycol. The base formulation used in this variation contained 
the following ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Component Wt. Composition 
______________________________________ 
Sodium Lauryl Ethoxy (3) Sulfate 
38.5% 
Solution (28.5% solution) 
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution 
31.6 
(28.5% solution) 
Coconut Manoethanolamide 
4.0 
Perfume 2.0 
Ethylene Glycol Distearate 
1.0 
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid 
0.1 
Preservatives 0.25 
Color Solution 1.1 
Citric Acid 0.12 
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC).sup.1 
0.2 
Propylene Glycol 3.0 
Distilled Water Balance 
100.00% 
______________________________________ 
Product Neat Viscosity = 5000 cps; 
Product Dilute Viscosity = 20 cps; see Curve 3 of FIG. 
.sup.1 Natrosol 250, degree of hydroxyethyl molar substitution = 2.5, 
supplied by Hercules Incorporated. 
The above composition was prepared in the following manner: 
A cold (room temperature) mix was prepared by adding ingredients in the 
following order: 50% of the added distilled water, hydroxyethyl cellulose, 
sodium laruyl ethoxy (3) sulfate solution and 50% of the sodium lauryl 
sulfate solution. 
A hot (60.degree.-71.1.degree. C., 140.degree.-160.degree. F.) mix was 
prepared by adding ingredients in the following order: 50% of the added 
distilled water, 50% of the sodium lauryl sulfate solution, ethylene 
diamine tetraacetic acid, preservatives, coconut monoethanolamide, 
propylene glycol and ethylene glycol distearate. 
The hot mix was poured into the cold mix, with agitation. 
The remaining ingredients were mixed in the following order: color 
solution, citric acid and perfume. 
EXAMPLE II 
A second full product formula was made with 0.5% hydroxyethyl cellulose 
(HEC) and 5% propylene glycol. The base formulation used in this variation 
contained the following ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Component Wt. Composition 
______________________________________ 
Sodium Lauryl Ethoxy (3) Sulfate 
38.5% 
Solution (28.5% solution) 
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution 
31.6 
(28.5% solution) 
Coconut Monoethanolamine 
4.0 
Perfume 3.0 
Ethylene Glycol Distearate 
1.0 
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid 
0.1 
Preservatives 0.25 
Color Solution 0.39 
Citric Acid 0.29 
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC).sup.1 
0.5 
Propylene Glycol 5.0 
Distilled Water Balance 
100.00% 
______________________________________ 
Product Neat Viscosity = 5000 cps; 
Product Dilute Viscosity = 30 cps; see Curve 2 of FIG. 
.sup.1 Natrosol 250, supplied by Hercules Incorporated. 
The above composition of the present invention was prepared in a manner 
similar to that described in Example I. 
EXAMPLE III 
A third full product formula was made with 0.2% hydroxyethyl cellulose 
(HEC) and 2% polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG 600). The base formula used in 
this variation contained the following ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Component Wt. Composition 
______________________________________ 
Sodium Lauryl Ethoxy (3) Sulfate 
38.5% 
Solution (28.5% solution) 
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution 
31.6 
(28.5% solution) 
Coconut Monoethanolamide 
4.0 
Perfume 3.0 
Ethylene Glycol Distearate 
1.0 
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid 
0.1 
Preservatives 0.25 
Color Solution 0.39 
Citric Acid 0.29 
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC).sup.1 
0.2 
Polyoxyethylene Glycol.sup.2 
2.0 
Distilled Water Balance 
100.00% 
______________________________________ 
Product Neat Viscosity = 5000 cps; 
Product Dilute Viscosity = 20 cps; see Curve 3 of FIG. 
.sup.1 Natrosol 250, supplied by Hercules Incorporated. 
.sup.2 Carbowax PEG 600, supplied by Union Carbide, having about 13 EO 
units. 
The above composition of the present invention was prepared in a manner 
similar to that described in Example I. 
Examples I-III demonstrated the following regarding in-use skin feel 
slipperiness and rinsing characteristics using the Skin Feel Test: 
1. No difference in slip or ease of rinsing between the three HEC formulas 
of Examples I-III. 
2. Less slip and easier to rinse than a similar formula, Example 
A, which has 0.55% Jaguar HP-60 gum. 
3. More slip and harder to rinse than formula thickened with 
electrolyte (NaCl), Example C. 
The FIGURE shows plots of viscosity vs. dilute concentration curves with 
noted product skin feel attributes. As can be seen, the three HEC formula 
dilution curves are similar and fall in between the highly slick/slippery 
formula thickened with Jaguar gum Example "A" and the less slick/slippery 
competitive formula thickened with electrolyte Example "C". Curve 1 
represents a product, Example A, which has a high degree of slipperiness 
but is difficult to rinse. Curves 2 and 3 represent products, Examples II 
and I/III, respectively, which have the desired degree of slipperiness and 
ease of rinsing. Curve 4 represents a product, Example C, which has a low 
degree of slipperiness, but which is easy to rinse. See Methods I and II 
for neat and dilute viscosity procedures. 
EXAMPLES IV AND V 
These examples illustrate the need for a solvent, in this case propylene 
glycol, to achieve phase stability. Two full product formulations were 
prepared, one (IV) with 0% propylene glycol and the other (V) with 3% 
propylene glycol. The base formulation used in these variations contained 
the following ingredients: 
______________________________________ 
Component Wt. Composition 
______________________________________ 
Sodium Lauryl Ethoxy (3) Sulfate 
38.5% 
Solution (28.5% solution) 
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution 
31.6 
(28.5% solution) 
Coconut monoethanolamide 
4.0 
Perfume 2.0 
Ethylene Glycol Distearate 
1.0 
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid 
0.1 
Preservatives 0.25 
Color Solution 1.1 
Citric Acid 0.12 
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC).sup.1 
0.2 
Propylene Glycol 0 or 3 
Distilled Water Balance 
100.00% 
______________________________________ 
Product Neat Viscosity (with propylene glycol) = 4750 cps 
Product Neat Viscosity (without propylene glycol) = 8000 cps 
.sup.1 Natrosol 250, supplied by Hercules Incorporated. 
The above compositions of the present invention were prepared in a manner 
similar to that described in Example I. 
Results showed the non-propylene glycol-containing formula (IV) had phase 
separation after only a few days; whereas the propylene glycol formula (V) 
of this invention remained phase stable for several months.