A method of forming a semiconductor device having an asymmetrical source and drain. In one embodiment, the method includes forming a gate structure on a first portion of the substrate having a well of a first conductivity. A source region of a second conductivity and drain region of the second conductivity is formed within the well of the first conductivity in a portion of the substrate that is adjacent to the first portion of the substrate on which the gate structure is present. A doped region of a second conductivity is formed within the drain region to provide an integrated bipolar transistor on a drain side of the semiconductor device, in which a collector is provided by the well of the first conductivity, the base is provided by the drain region of the second conductivity and the emitter is provided by the doped region of the second conductivity that is present in the drain region. A semiconductor device formed by the above-described method is also provided.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to semiconductor devices, and more particularly to drive current modifications in semiconductor devices.

For decades, chip manufacturers have made semiconductor devices faster by making them smaller. Further, there are many techniques to improve mobility of the charge carriers of the semiconductor devices. The stress-line engineering is one aspect that can affect the ability of semiconductor devices to generate a high channel current. In some instances, the drive current or channel current may be increased by increasing device scaling or by decreasing the channel dopant. Additionally, the gate dielectric layer may be thinned and the dielectric constant of the gate dielectric layer may be increased. Reducing channel doping to increase the drain current typically results in a high stand-by leakage current that is not adequate for power management. Further, thinning of the gate dielectric layer and the incorporation of high-k dielectrics increases process complexity and cost.

SUMMARY

A semiconductor device is provided that in one embodiment includes a bipolar transistor that is integrated with the drain region of the semiconductor device along with the substrate. In one embodiment, the semiconductor device includes a gate structure present atop a channel portion of a substrate having a first conductivity. A source region of a second conductivity is present at a first end of the channel portion of the substrate. A drain region of the second conductivity which is different from the first conductivity is present at a second end of the channel portion of the substrate. The drain region further comprises a doped region of a first conductivity, in which the doped region of the first conductivity is separated from the channel region by a remaining portion of the drain region that is of the second conductivity. The bipolar transistor that is integrated with the drain region of the semiconductor device is comprised of an emitter provided by the doped region of the first conductivity, a base provided by the remaining portion of the drain that is of the second conductivity, and a collector provided by the channel portion of the substrate that is of the first conductivity.

In another aspect, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided, in which the drain side of the semiconductor device includes a bipolar transistor integrated therein. In one embodiment, the method includes forming a gate structure on a first portion of a substrate having a well of a first conductivity. A source region of a second conductivity and a drain region of the second conductivity is then formed within the well of the first conductivity in a portion of a substrate that is adjacent to the first portion of the substrate on which the gate structure is present. A doped region of a second conductivity is formed within the drain region to provide an integrated bipolar transistor on a drain side of the semiconductor device. The integrated bipolar transistor includes a collector, a base and an emitter. The collector is provided by the well of a first conductivity, the base is provided by the drain region of a second conductivity and the emitter is provided by the doped region of a second conductivity that is present in the drain region.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to semiconductor devices, such as field effect transistors, including gate structures to control the output current of the device, wherein in some embodiments a bipolar transistor integrated into a drain side of the semiconductor device generates increased drain current without relying on device scaling or reducing the channel doping. When describing the structures and methods disclosed herein, the following terms have the following meanings, unless otherwise indicated.

As used herein a “field effect transistor (FET)” is a unipolar semiconductor device in which a majority carrier type, i.e., electrons or holes, provides charge flow, and the output current, i.e., source-drain current, is controlled by a gate structure. A field effect transistor has three terminals, i.e., a gate, a source and a drain.

A “gate structure” means a structure used to control output current (i.e., flow of carriers in the channel) of a semiconducting device through electrical or magnetic fields.

As used herein, the term “channel portion” is the region of the substrate underlying the gate structure and between the source region and drain region of the semiconductor device that becomes conductive when the semiconductor device is turned on.

As used herein, the term “drain” means a doped region in a semiconductor device located at the end of the channel, in which carriers are flowing out of the transistor through the drain.

As used herein, the term “source” is a doped region from in the semiconductor device, in which majority carriers are flowing into the channel.

As used herein, the term “conductivity type” denotes a dopant region being p-type or n-type. “Bipolar transistors” are semiconductor devices in which their operation includes electron and holes charge carriers. Current is due to the flow of charge carriers that are injected from a high-concentration emitter into the base, at which they are minority charge carriers that diffuse towards the collector.

The term “direct physical contact” means that the two structures are in contact without any intermediary conducting, insulating or semiconducting structures.

The terms “overlying”, “underlying”, “atop”, and “abutting” define a structural relationship in which two structures are in contact where an intermediary structure of a conducting, insulating, or semiconducting material may or may not be present at the interface of the two structures.

For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention, as it is oriented in the drawing figures.

FIG. 1depicts one embodiment of a semiconductor device100in which a gate structure15controls the output current (i.e., flow of carriers in the channel) of the semiconducting device100, and a bipolar transistor is present integrated with a drain region25with the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5of the semiconductor device100. In one embodiment, the semiconductor device100is a field effect transistor. Although the following description will refer to the semiconductor device100as a field effect transistor, it is noted that any semiconductor device having a gate structure that controls the output current of a device, in which charge carriers are provided by one of electrons or holes, is suitable for use in the present invention. By integrated it is meant that the drain region25of the semiconductor device100provides the emitter and the base of the bipolar transistor, and the channel portion40of the semiconductor device100provides the collector of the integrated bipolar transistor. In one example, a doped region30of opposite conductivity as the drain region25provides the emitter of the integrated bipolar transistor. In one embodiment, the presence of the integrated bipolar transistor facilitates the generation of a high drive current in the field effect transistor that is independent of device scaling or reducing the channel doping.

The gate structure15of the field effect transistor is present on a channel portion40of the substrate5. The gate structure15typically includes a gate conductor14and at least one gate dielectric layer13. A source region20is typically present at a first end of the channel portion40of the substrate5, and a drain region25is present at a second end of the channel portion40of the substrate5. In one embodiment, the channel portion40of the substrate5has a conductivity that is provided by a well implant into the substrate5, which is performed prior to the formation of the source and drain regions20,25. The source and drain regions20,25are typically doped regions having a conductivity that is opposite the well region. Spacers42are typically present in contact with the sidewalls of the gate structure15, in which the spacers42are used to facilitate the positioning of the source and drain regions20,25in conjunction with ion implantation.

The channel portion40may be referred to as having a first conductivity and the source and drain regions20,25may be referred to as having a second conductivity. In one embodiment, the field effect transistor is an n-type field effect transistor (nFET), in which the first conductivity is p-type and the second conductivity is n-type, wherein the substrate5is comprised of a Si-containing material. “P-type” refers to the addition of trivalent impurities to an intrinsic semiconductor that create deficiencies of valence electrons, such as boron, aluminum or gallium to an intrinsic Si-containing substrate. “N-type” refers to the addition of pentavalent impurities that contribute free electrons to an intrinsic semiconductor, such as antimony, arsenic or phosphorous to a Si-containing substrate.

In one example, the channel portion40of the substrate5is doped with a p-type dopant, i.e., first conductivity, to provide a dopant concentration ranging from 1×1015atoms/cm3to 1×1018atoms/cm3. In another example, the channel portion40of the substrate5is doped with a p-type dopant to provide a dopant concentration ranging from 1×1016atoms/cm3to 1×1017. As indicated above, the channel portion40of the substrate5provides the collector of the integrated bipolar transistor.

The source and drain regions20,25have an opposite conductivity as the channel portion40of the substrate5. In one example, in which the semiconductor device100is a n-type field effect transistor (nFET), the source and drain regions20,25are doped with an n-type dopant and have a dopant concentration ranging from 1×1017atoms/cm3to 1×1020atoms/cm3. In another example, in which the semiconductor device100is a p-type field effect transistor (pFET), the source and drain regions20,25are doped with an n-type dopant and have a dopant concentration ranging from 1×1018atoms/cm3to 1×1019atoms/cm3.

Still referring toFIG. 1, the drain region25of the field effect transistor includes a doped region30of a first conductivity that provides the emitter of the integrated bipolar transistor. The doped region30of the drain region25is of the same conductivity as the channel portion40of the substrate5, and provides the emitter of the integrated bipolar transistor. Typically, the emitter and the collector of the integrated bipolar transistor have the same conductivity. The dopant concentration in the channel portion40of the substrate5is less than the dopant concentration in the doped region30of the drain region25. In the embodiments of the invention, in which the channel portion40has a first conductivity, and the source and drain regions20,25are of a second conductivity, the doped region30has a first conductivity. In one embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100is an n-type field effect transistor (nFET), the doped region30is typically of a p-type conductivity. In another embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100is a p-type field effect transistor (pFET), the doped region30is typically of a n-type conductivity.

Typically, the doped region30of the first conductivity is separated from the channel portion40of the substrate5by a remaining portion of the drain region25that is of the second conductivity. This remaining portion of the drain region25that has an opposite conductivity as the channel portion40of the substrate5and the doped region30of the drain region25provides the base of the integrated bipolar transistor. In one embodiment, the remaining portion of the drain region25may be present between the channel portion40of the substrate5and the doped region30, and the remaining portion of the drain region25is present at the base of the doped region30.

In one embodiment, the doped region30of the first conductivity is composed of a n-type dopant and has a dopant concentration that ranges from 1×1019atoms/cm3to 1×1021atoms/cm3. In another embodiment, the doped region30of the first conductivity is composed of a p-type dopant and has a dopant concentration that ranges from 1×1019atoms/cm3to 1×1021atoms/cm3.

The field effect transistor depicted inFIG. 1is formed on a substrate5of a semiconductor on insulator (SOI) configuration, but other substrate configurations, such as bulk semiconductor substrates, are within the scope of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the semiconductor on insulator (SOI) substrate5includes an upper semiconductor layer4, a lower semiconductor layer2, and a buried insulating layer3that is present therebetween. The upper semiconductor layer4may include trench isolation regions6that are in contact with the buried insulating layer3. Contact to the terminals, i.e., gate conductor14, source region20, and drain region25, may be provided by interconnects2that are present through an interlevel dielectric51. Silicide contacts50may be present between the interconnects52and the upper surfaces of the terminals, i.e., gate conductor14, source region20, and drain region25.

FIG. 2is one embodiment of a circuit diagram of an n-type field effect transistor (nFET) having a bipolar transistor integrated into the drain region25of the device, as depicted inFIG. 1. The operation or bias scheme of this device is similar to the operation or bias scheme of a conventional field effect transistor that does not include an integrated bipolar transistor. For example, a positive charge may be applied to the gate structure15, i.e., gate conductor14, and a positive charge may be applied to the drain region25, while the source region20is grounded or at a lower bias. However, the bipolar transistor, i.e., PNP bipolar transistor, that is integrated with the field effect transistor through the doped region30, i.e., p-type doped region25, that is present in the device's drain region, i.e., n-type drain region, with the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5as a collector produces an increased drain current.

More specifically, referring toFIG. 1, when the n-type field effect transistor is biased to the “on” mode, a positive charge is applied to the drain region25and gate structure15, while the source region20is grounded. In response to the bias applied during the “on” mode, the gate structure15creates a channel current flow70of charge carriers that electrically connects the source region20, i.e., n-type source region, with the remaining portion of the drain region25that is of a second conductivity, i.e., remaining n-type portion of the drain region25. The doped region30, i.e., emitter of the integrated bipolar transistor, of a first conductivity, i.e., p-type, that is present in the drain region25of the second conductivity injects positively charged holes into the drain25and the channel portion40of the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5, i.e., collector of the integrated bipolar transistor, in which some of the holes injected from the doped region30recombine with electrons of the drain current from the operation of the field effect transistor.

The injected holes that are present in the channel portion40of the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5raise the device's potential, and lowers the energy barrier between the channel portion40of the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5and the source region20. As the energy barrier between the source region20and the channel portion40of the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5decreases, more electrons will flow through channel portion40of the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5into the remaining portion of drain region25that is of the second conductivity, i.e., n-type. Because, the remaining portion of drain region25that is of the second conductivity, i.e., n-type, is the base of the integrated bipolar transistor, and the doped region30of the first conductivity, i.e., p-type, that is present in the drain region25is an emitter of the integrated bipolar transistor, holes are injected into the base to match the electrons that are flowing into the base from the channel, and residual holes are injected into the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5. The result is that the doped region30of the first conductivity, i.e., p-type, injects increased current into the channel portion40of the upper semiconductor layer4of the substrate5. In one embodiment, this positive loop is continued to increase the channel current for the MOSFET.

Unlike conventional field effect transistors, which do not include an integrated bipolar transistor at the drain side of the field effect transistor, the present device can achieve higher drain current without scaling-down of the device, or lowering the threshold of device through decreasing the channel doping. Although the above description of device operation is directed to n-type field effect transistors, the semiconductor device100may also be a p-type field effect transistor. In a p-type field effect transistor the majority carriers are holes, as opposed to electrons in n-type field effect transistors, and the minority carriers are electrons, as opposed to holes in n-type field effect transistors. In this embodiment, the channel portion40of the substrate5and the doped region30of the drain region25are doped to an n-type conductivity, i.e., first conductivity, and the source and drain regions20,25are doped to a p-type conductivity, i.e., second conductivity. In one embodiment, the dopant concentration of the source and the drain region20,25ranges from 1017atoms/cm3to 1020atoms/cm3. In one embodiment, the dopant concentration of the channel portion40of the substrate5ranges from 1015atoms/cm3to 1018atoms/cm3. In one embodiment, the dopant concentration in the doped region30of the drain region25that provides the emitter of the integral bipolar transistor ranges from 1019atoms/cm3to 1021atoms/cm3.

FIGS.1and3-5illustrate some of the basic processing steps that may be employed in one embodiment of a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device100, in which the drain side of the semiconductor device100includes a bipolar transistor integrated therein. In one embodiment, the method includes forming a gate structure15on a first portion of the substrate5having a well35of a first conductivity.

FIG. 3depicts one embodiment of forming a gate structure15on a substrate5. The substrate5may include, but is not limited to, silicon containing materials, GaAs, InAs and other like semiconductors. Silicon containing materials as used to provide the substrate5include, but are not limited to, Si, bulk Si, single crystal Si, polycrystalline Si, SiGe, amorphous Si, silicon-on-insulator substrates (SOI), SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI), strained-silicon-on-insulator, annealed poly Si, and poly Si line structures. In one embodiment in which the substrate5is a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) or SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) substrate, the upper semiconductor layer4(also referred to as SOI layer) that is atop the buried insulating layer3can have a thickness greater than 10 nm. The buried insulating layer3may be composed of an oxide, such as silicon oxide, and may have a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. The thickness of the lower semiconductor layer2that is underlying the buried insulating layer3may range from 10 nm to 500 nm. The SOI or SGOI substrate may be fabricated using a thermal bonding process, or may be fabricated by an ion implantation process.

The substrate5may further include trench isolation regions6. The trench isolation regions6can be formed by etching a trench in the silicon containing layer4utilizing a dry etching process, such as reactive-ion etching (RIE) or plasma etching. The trenches may optionally be lined with a liner material, e.g., an oxide, and then CVD or another like deposition process is used to fill the trench with oxide grown from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) precursors, high-density oxide or another like trench dielectric material. After trench dielectric fill, the structure may be subjected to a planarization process.

In one embodiment, the substrate5includes a well region35. The well region35is a p-type or n-type conductivity region that may be ion implanted into the semiconductor material of the substrate5, or may be in-situ doped during the growth of the semiconductor material of the substrate5. In one example, the in-situ doping is conducted during an epitaxial growth process of the semiconductor material of the substrate5. In one embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100formed on the substrate5is an n-type field effect transistor (nFET), the well region35is doped with a p-type dopant. In another embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100formed on the substrate is a p-type field effect transistor (pFET), the well region35is doped with an n-type dopant. In the embodiments in which the well region35is formed by ion implantation, the dopant of the well region35may be introduced using an implant energy ranging from 10 keV to 150 keV, and the implant dose may range from 5×1013atoms/cm2to 1×1015atoms/cm2. The conductivity of the well region35typically dictates the conductivity of the channel portion40of the substrate5.

Still referring toFIG. 3, the gate structure15may be formed atop the substrate5utilizing deposition, lithography and etching processes. Alternatively, a replacement gate process can be used to form gate structure15. More specifically, in one embodiment, a gate structure15may be provided atop the substrate5by blanket depositing the layers of a gate stack, and then patterning and etching the gate stack to provide the gate structure15. For example, forming the gate stack may include blanket deposition of material layers including the gate dielectric layer13and a gate conductor14present on the gate dielectric layer13.

The gate stack may be patterned using photolithography and etching to produce the gate structure15. In one example, following the deposition of the gate dielectric layer13, and the gate conductor14, an etch mask may be formed atop the uppermost layer of the gate stack. The etch mask typically protects the portion of the layered stack that provides the gate structure15, wherein the portions exposed by the etch mask are removed by an anisotropic etch process, such as a reactive ion etch. Reactive ion etch (RIE) is a form of plasma etching, in which the surface to be etched is placed on the RF powered electrode and takes on a potential that accelerates an etching species, which is extracted from a plasma, towards the surface to be etched, wherein a chemical etching reaction takes place in the direction normal to the surface being etched. In one embodiment, the etch mask may be provided by a patterned photoresist layer.

The gate dielectric layer13of the gate structure15may be composed of an oxide material. Suitable examples of oxides that can be employed as the gate dielectric layer13include, but are not limited to: SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, Ta2O3, perovskite-type oxides and combinations and multi-layers thereof. The gate dielectric layer13may be composed of a high k dielectric having a dielectric constant of greater than about 4.0, and in some embodiments greater than 7.0. The high k dielectric may include, but is not limited to, an oxide, nitride, oxynitride and/or silicate including metal silicates and nitrided metal silicates. In one embodiment, the high-k dielectric is comprised of an oxide such as, for example, HfO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2, La2O3, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, Y2O3and mixtures thereof. Other examples of high k dielectrics suitable for use as the gate dielectric layer13in the present method include hafnium silicate and hafnium silicon oxynitride.

The gate dielectric layer13can be formed by a thermal growth process such as, for example, oxidation, nitridation or oxynitridation. The gate dielectric layer13can also be formed by a deposition process such as, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-assisted CVD, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), evaporation, reactive sputtering, chemical solution deposition and other like deposition processes. The gate dielectric layer13may also be formed utilizing any combination of the above processes. The gate dielectric layer13typically has a thickness ranging from 1 nm to 10 nm. In one example, the gate dielectric layer13has a thickness ranging from 2 nm to 5 nm. In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layer13is in direct physical contact with a surface, e.g., upper surface, of the substrate5.

The gate conductor14may be composed of single crystal Si, SiGe, SiGeC or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the gate conductor14may further comprise a metal and/or silicide. In other embodiments, the gate conductor14is comprised of multi-layered combinations of the aforementioned conductive materials. In one example, the gate conductor14is composed of a single layer of polysilicon. The gate conductor14may be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD). In one embodiment, the gate conductor14may be doped to a p-type conductivity. For example, the gate conductor14may be doped with an element from group IIIA of the periodic table of elements, such as boron, with an ion implantation dose ranging from 1E15 cm−2to about 5E16 cm2.

Variations of CVD processes suitable for forming the gate conductor14include, but are not limited to, Atmospheric Pressure CVD (APCVD), Low Pressure CVD (LPCVD) and Plasma Enhanced CVD (EPCVD), Metal-Organic CVD (MOCVD) and combinations thereof. The gate conductor14typically has a thickness ranging from 1 nm to 20 nm. In one example, the gate conductor14has a thickness ranging from 5 nm to 10 nm.

FIG. 4depicts implanting dopants into the substrate5to provide source and drain regions20,25. A source region20of a second conductivity and a drain region25of a second conductivity are formed within the well35of a first conductivity in a portion of the substrate5that is adjacent to the first portion of the substrate5on which the gate structure15is present.

Source and drain extension regions may be formed using an ion implantation process. More specifically, in one example, when forming source and drain extension regions the dopant species may be boron or BF2. Boron may be implanted utilizing implant energies ranging 0.2 keV to 3.0 keV with an implant dose ranging from 5×1014atoms/cm2to 5×1015atoms/cm2. BF2may be implanted utilizing implant energies ranging from 1.0 keV to 15.0 keV and having an implant dose ranging from 5×1014atoms/cm2to 5×1015atoms/cm2.

Still referring toFIG. 4, a spacer42may be formed in direct physical contact with the sidewalls of the gate structure15. The spacer42may be composed of oxide, i.e., SiO2, but may also comprise nitride or oxynitride materials. Each spacer42may have a width ranging from 50.0 nm to 100.0 nm. The spacer42can be formed by deposition and etch processes. For example, a conformal dielectric layer may be deposited using deposition processes, including, but not limited to, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-assisted CVD, and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). Following deposition, the conformal dielectric layer is then etched to define the geometry of the spacer42using an anisotropic plasma etch procedure such as, reactive ion etch.

Source and drain regions20,25, i.e., deep source and drain regions, may be implanted into the substrate5. Typically, the source and drain regions20,25are doped to provide a second conductivity, and the channel portion40of the substrate has a first conductivity. The source and drain regions20,25typically have the same conductivity as the corresponding source and drain extension regions. Typical implant species for source and drain regions20,25having a p-type conductivity may include boron or BF2. The source and drain regions20,25can be implanted with boron utilizing an energy ranging from 1.0 keV to 8.0 keV with a dose ranging from 1×1015atoms/cm2to 7×1015atoms/cm2. The source and drain regions20,25may also be implanted with BF2with an implant energy ranging from 5.0 keV to 40.0 keV and a dose ranging from 1×1015atoms/cm2to 7×1015atoms/cm2. Source and drain regions20,25having an n-type conductivity may be implanted with phosphorus using an energy of about 3 keV to 15 keV with a dose of about 1×1015atoms/cm2to about 7×1015atoms/cm2. The source and drain regions20,25may be formed by counterdoping the well region35of the substrate5, in which the counterdoped regions provide the source and drain region20,25and the remaining portion of the well region35that is between the source and the drain region20,25provides the channel portion40of the substrate. In one embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100is processed to provide an n-type field effect transistor100, the channel portion40of the substrate is doped with a p-type dopant and the source and drain regions20,25are doped with an n-type dopant.

FIG. 5depicts forming a doped region30of a first conductivity within the drain region25to provide an integrated bipolar transistor on the drain side of the semiconductor device100. The doped region30of the first conductivity is formed within the drain region25, but is not formed in the source region20, therefore providing an asymmetric source and drain configuration. In one embodiment, the doped region30is provided by ion implantation. To selectively implant the doped region30of a first conductivity in the drain region25of a second conductivity, and implant mask80may be utilized in conjunction with the ion implantation process. The implant mask80may be composed of a photoresist material. In another embodiment, the implant mask80may be provided by a hard mask composed of a dielectric layer. In one embodiment, the implant mask80exposes the portion of the drain region25in which the doped region30is to be formed and is present overlying and protecting the remaining portions of the device and substrate5.

The implant mask80may be provided by a blanket layer of photoresist material that is deposited overlying at least the gate structure15, the source region20and the drain region25utilizing a deposition process such as, for example, CVD, PECVD, evaporation or spin-on coating. The blanket layer of photoresist material is patterned into the implant mask80by utilizing a lithographic process that may include exposing the photoresist material to a pattern of radiation and developing the exposed photoresist material utilizing a resist developer to provide an opening exposing the portion of the drain region25in which the doped region of the first conductivity is to be implanted.

Still referring toFIG. 5, following the formation of the implant mask80, an ion implantation is conducted to introduce dopants to the exposed portion of the drain region25. The dopant implanted to provide the doped region30of the drain region25is typically of an opposite conductivity as the drain region25. The doped region30typically has the same conductivity as the channel portion40of the substrate5. The doped region30of the first conductivity provides the emitter region of the integrated bipolar transistor, and the remaining portion of the drain region25having a second conductivity provides the base region of the integrated bipolar transistor.

Typical implant species for the doped region30having a p-type conductivity may include boron or BF2. The doped region30can be implanted with boron utilizing an energy ranging from 1.0 keV to 8.0 keV with a dose ranging from 1×1015atoms/cm2to 7×1015atoms/cm2. The doped region30may also be implanted with BF2with an implant energy ranging from 5.0 keV to 40.0 keV and a dose ranging from 1×1015atoms/cm2to 7×1015atoms/cm2. A doped region30having an n-type conductivity may be implanted with phosphorus using an energy of about 3 keV to 15 keV with a dose of about 1×1015atoms/cm2to about 7×1015atoms/cm2.

In one embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100is processed to provide an n-type field effect transistor100, the doped region30is doped with a p-type dopant, the substrate is doped with a p-type dopant and the source and drain regions20,25are doped with an n-type dopant. In the embodiment, in which the semiconductor device100is processed to provide an p-type field effect transistor100, the doped region30is doped with a n-type dopant, the substrate is doped with a n-type dopant and the source and drain regions20,25are doped with an p-type dopant. Following formation of the doped region30of the first conductivity, the implant mask80is removed using oxygen ashing.

In one embodiment, the anneal process step may be conducted following the completion of all of the implant processing steps to reduce the thermal budget of the manufacturing process. Following the source and drain implantation, the structure may be annealed to promote diffusion of the dopant species. The source and drain regions may be activated by an annealing process, such as rapid thermal anneal. In one example, the rapid thermal annealing temperature is carried out using a temperature ranging from 750° C. to 1200° C. for a time period ranging from 1.0 second to 20.0 seconds. The anneal process may be conducted following the completion of all of the implant processing steps to reduce the thermal budget of the manufacturing process.

Silicide contacts50may be formed to the gate structure15and the source and drain regions20,25. Silicide formation typically requires depositing a refractory metal, such as Ni, Co, or Ti, onto the surface of a Si-containing material. Following deposition, the structure is then subjected to an annealing step using thermal processes, such as rapid thermal annealing. During thermal annealing, the deposited metal reacts with Si forming a metal semiconductor alloy, e.g., silicide.

An interlevel dielectric52may be deposited atop the conformal dielectric material51. The interlevel dielectric52may be selected from the group consisting of silicon containing materials such as SiO2, Si3N4, SiOxNy, SiC, SiCO, SiCOH, and SiCH compounds; the above-mentioned silicon containing materials with some or all of the Si replaced by Ge; carbon-doped oxides; inorganic oxides; inorganic polymers; hybrid polymers; organic polymers such as polyamides or SiLK™; other carbon-containing materials; organo-inorganic materials such as spin-on glasses and silsesquioxane-based materials; and diamond-like carbon (DLC, also known as amorphous hydrogenated carbon, α-C:H). Additional choices for the interlevel dielectric52include: any of the aforementioned materials in porous form, or in a form that changes during processing to or from being porous and/or permeable to being non-porous and/or non-permeable.

The interlevel dielectric layer52may be formed by various deposition, including, but not limited to, spinning from solution, spraying from solution, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), sputter deposition, reactive sputter deposition, ion-beam deposition, and evaporation. The conformal layer of a dielectric material51and the interlevel dielectric layer52are then patterned and etched to form via holes to the various source and drain and gate conductor regions of the substrate5. Following via formation, interconnects53are formed by depositing a conductive metal into the via holes using deposition processing, such as CVD or plating. The conductive metal may include, but is not limited to, tungsten, copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and alloys thereof. The resultant structure is depicted inFIG. 1.