Communication method and apparatus for device-to-device (D2D)

Provided are a communication method and apparatus for device-to-device (D2D). More particularly, the communication method for D2D includes configuring a network topology using at least one cooperating base station to communicate among devices included in multiple heterogeneous cells, creating an association between multiple device pairs and at least one base station based on configuring the network topology, and determining a cooperation context for communication among the multiple device pairs is provided. The communication apparatus carries out such a method.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0094114 filed on Aug. 8, 2013, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

The following description relates to a communication method and apparatus for device-to-device (D2D).

2. Description of Related Art

Due to a sharp increase in the number and variety of communication devices such as smart devices, sensor devices, and similar devices, the amount of communication traffic using such devices is simultaneously undergoing an exponential increase. However, the ability of frequency and spectrum resources currently available for wireless communications by such devices is reaching its limits. As such, as frequency resources are allocated to handle an ever increasing amount of communication traffic, the available communications frequencies are becoming considerably congested. Certain attempts are being made in various forms to enhance frequency efficiency in the frequency bands currently being used. For example, approaches such as multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication, high-order modulation, and the like, attempt to use frequency bands as efficiently as possible. However, such attempts have substantially reached their theoretical limits. Also, despite efforts in pursuit of using new broad band frequency resources in bands in the tens of gigahertz (GHz), applying such broad band frequency resources may face difficulties of requiring a short transmission distance, and similar issues, due to severe path loss as such signals attenuate rapidly with increasing distance.

SUMMARY

In one general aspect, there is provided a communication method for device-to-device (D2D) in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells, including configuring a network topology using at least one cooperating base station to communicate between devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, creating an association between multiple device pairs and at least one cooperating base station based on configuring the network topology, and determining a cooperation context for communication between the multiple device pairs.

The configuring of the network topology may include selecting multiple device pairs, each including a transmission device and a reception device, to communicate with one another from among the devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, and selecting at least one cooperating base station to communicate between the multiple device pairs.

The creating of the association may include transmitting, to the multiple device pairs, information on the at least one cooperating base station, and transmitting information on the multiple device pairs to the at least one cooperating base station.

The determining of the cooperation context may include collecting channel information from the multiple device pairs, determining a coefficient for controlling interference in communication between the multiple device pairs using the channel information, and determining a cooperation context including at least one of allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources based on the coefficient for controlling the interference.

The communication method may further include transmitting the cooperation context to the multiple device pairs and the at least one cooperating base station.

The communication method may further include receiving data for the reception device from the transmission device, processing the received data using the coefficient for controlling the interference, and transmitting the processed data to the reception device.

The communication method may further include collecting information including at least one of a change of service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of service quality provided by the at least one cooperating base station, and a change of a channel state in the network, switching the network topology based on the collected information, and determining a cooperation context for the switched network topology.

The changing of the network topology may include changing the at least one cooperating base station to include another base station based on the collected information.

The multiple heterogeneous cells may include at least one of a macro-cell, a micro-cell, a distributed antenna system (DAS), a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access zone, and a cloud-cell.

In another general aspect, a communication method for device-to-device (D2D) in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells includes receiving, by a reception device included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, data transmitted from a transmission device included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, wherein the data transmitted from the transmission device corresponds to data processed in a base station for communication between the transmission device and the reception device through the multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells.

The multiple heterogeneous cells may include at least one of a macro-cell, a micro-cell, a distributed antenna system (DAS), a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access zone, and a cloud-cell.

The base station may be configured to configure a network topology using at least one cooperating base station for communication between the transmission device and the reception device.

The base station may be configured to create an association between the transmission device and the reception device, and the at least one base station based on configuring the network topology.

The base station may be configured to create a cooperation context for communication between the transmission device and the reception device.

The base station may be configured to collect information including at least one of a change of a service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of a service quality provided by the at least one base station, and a change of a channel state in the network, and switch the network topology based on the collected information.

In another general aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores a program for device-to-device (D2D) in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells, the program including instructions for causing a computer to carry out the first method presented above.

In another general aspect, a communication apparatus for device-to-device (D2D) in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells includes a configurer configured to configure a network topology using at least one cooperating base station to communicate between devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, an association creator configured to create an association between multiple device pairs and at least one base station based on configuring the network topology, and a determiner configured to determine a cooperation context for communication between the multiple device pairs.

The configurer may include a selector configured to select multiple device pairs, each including a transmission device and a reception device, to communicate with one another from among the devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, and select at least one cooperating base station to communicate between the multiple device pairs.

The determiner may include a channel information collector configured to collect channel information from the multiple device pairs, a coefficient determiner configured to determine a coefficient for controlling interference in communication between the multiple device pairs using the channel information, and a context determiner configured to determine a cooperation context including at least one of allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources based on the coefficient for controlling the interference.

The communications apparatus may further include a receiver configured to receive data for the reception device from the transmission device, a processor configured to process the data using the coefficient for controlling the interference, and a transmitter configured to transmit the processed data to the reception device.

The communications apparatus may further include an information collector configured to collect information including at least one of a change of a service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of a service quality provided by the at least one cooperating base station, and a change of a channel state of the network, and a switch configured to switch the network topology based on the collected information, wherein the context determiner is configured to determine a cooperation context for the switched network topology.

In another general aspect, a communication apparatus for device-to-device (D2D) in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells includes a reception device included in the multiple heterogeneous cells configured to receive data transmitted from a transmission device included in the multiple heterogeneous cells, wherein the data transmitted from the transmission device corresponds to data processed in a base station for communication between the transmission device and the reception device through the multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells.

The multiple heterogeneous cells may include at least one of a macro-cell, a micro-cell, a distributed antenna system (DAS), a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access zone, and a cloud-cell.

The base station may be configured to configure a network topology using at least one cooperating base station for communication between the transmission device and the reception device.

The base station may be configured to create an association between the transmission device and the reception device, and the at least one base station based on configuring the network topology.

The base station may be configured to create a cooperation context for communication between the transmission device and the reception device.

The base station may be configured to collect information including at least one of a change of a service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of a service quality provided by the at least one base station, and a change of a channel state in the network, and switch the network topology based on the collected information.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1illustrates an example of a network environment in which a communication method for device-to-device (D2D) is performed, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 1, the network environment in which the communication method for D2D is performed inFIG. 1refers to a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells. For example, such a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells in the example shown inFIG. 1includes base stations110,120, and130and devices140,145,150, and155.

The base stations110,120, and130, for example, refer to cooperating base stations for communication between devices. Such base stations provide serving functionality for communication in multiple heterogeneous cells. For example, the multiple heterogeneous cells include various types of small cells, such as a macro-cell, a micro-cell, a cloud-cell, and the similar zones. The cells may also include other types of communications cells, such as a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) zone or a distributed antenna system (DAS).

The devices140,145,150, and155are examples of devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells. Examples of the devices include user equipment, for example, a personal computer (PC), a netbook, a laptop, a smart phone, and similar electronic devices. Other examples of user equipment may include tablets, portable gaming consoles, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and the like. These are merely example pieces of user equipment, and the devices140,145,150, and155may be any appropriate electronic communication devices provided with communication functions, which may use an appropriate combination of wired and wireless networking to communicate with each other.

Unlike conventional D2D communication, when devices attempt to communicate data directly between the devices with each other, according to an example, the devices utilize a micro-cell base station or other infrastructural elements, such as those discussed above, as intermediaries to process D2D communication in a multi-hop, or multi-session transmission scheme. Transitively, due to such involvement of the micro-cell base station or the other infrastructural elements in the communication between the devices, a communication scheme of the devices according to such an example may seem different from one of the conventional D2D communication schemes.

In the D2D communication approach according to the example discussed herein, a context for cooperation, such as a time for communication between a cooperating base station and a device pair, information on frequency resources, or scheduling information may be shared. Such information provides information about the operational parameters for the cooperating base station and the device with which it is paired so that each device is aware of how to operate so that they can successfully exchange information with one another to facilitate D2D communication using a multi-hop or multi-session transmission scheme. In the D2D communication approach discussed herein, according to an example, the micro-cell base station or the other infrastructural elements that aid in the communication process forwards data or a data packet between devices and as a part of the forwarding process performs a process of removing interference. For example, such a forwarding process includes the process of multiplying a pre-calculated coefficient into the forwarded data for an effect of interference neutralization. However, in the approach provided herein, in some examples the micro-cell base station or the other infrastructural elements does not determine information associated with whether a corresponding packet is transmitted from a legitimate device or determine the destination location and or source location for the data packet's transmission. Because the micro-cell base station does not determine these pieces of information, it does not perform decoding the data packet forwarded between the devices or analyze the data packet.

Because the intervening devices merely forward information, as discussed above, the D2D communication according to the example approach discussed above is suitable for maintaining confidentiality in communication between devices. Thus, the base station or the other infrastructural elements that relay data are physically located between the transmission device and the reception device, as discussed above. However, if the communication infrastructure is considered as a logical operation to characterize how information is transmitted, the D2D communication according to the example is similar to an instance in which a transmission device and a reception device are directly connected. That is, the D2D communication according to an example is functionally the same as traditional D2D communication even though other devices act to relay information as part of the communication process.

Accordingly, the D2D communication according to the above examples refers to D2D communication in a new sense that is distinct from conventional D2D communication. Thus, the D2D communication approach presented herein differs from the conventional D2D communication as described further hereinafter.

For example, conventional D2D communication is potentially incapable of performing simultaneous communication using identical frequencies in the same area. However, the D2D communication presented herein, according to the current examples, employs interference schemes, such as interference neutralization. By using such interference neutralization schemes, it becomes possible to simultaneously support unicast data transmission between devices using identical frequencies, even in the same area.

The D2D communication, according to an example, provides services at a high transmission rate with the aid of micro-cell base stations or other infrastructural elements. The high transmission rate is possible because the micro-cell base stations have multiple transmission/reception antennas that provide a transmission distance that is relatively long. By contrast, conventional D2D communication maintains a relatively short transmission distance to decrease interference between devices. Hence, the D2D communication presented herein is able to simultaneously allow a high transmission rate as well as a fairly long transmission distance, both of which are advantageous for effective communications.

The D2D communication according to an example adaptively coordinates a number of micro-cell base stations or the other infrastructural to allow them to cooperate and thereby facilitate communication between devices. For example, such a system is configured to provide network capacity that is coordinated to correspond to a number of D2Ds.

As a cell radius decrease, the more appropriate the D2D communication presented herein becomes. Hence, the conventional D2D communication becomes less appropriate as a cell radius decreases. Hereinafter, various instances of the communication methods for D2D will be discussed, according to examples.

FIG. 2illustrates an example of an operation of a communication method for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 2, communication for D2D, according to an example, is performed by user equipment210,220,230, and240and micro base stations250,260, and270. The nature of the devices included as user equipment210,220,230, and240and micro base stations250,260, and270has been discussed further above. These elements remove interference or otherwise utilize interference management schemes to cooperate with one another such that user data may be transmitted simultaneously. In the context ofFIG. 2, the D2D is performed by user equipment210,220,230, and240and micro base stations250,260, and270that are in close proximity to one another and hence in order for the communication to be successful, the elements use these techniques to manage interference.

In the example ofFIG. 2, a transmission user equipment1(Tx-1)210is assumed to transmit data directly to a reception user equipment1(Rx-1)230, and a transmission user equipment2(Tx-2)220is assumed to transmit data directly to a reception user equipment2(Rx-2)240.

In conventional D2D communication, the Tx-1210and the Tx-2220use separate frequency resources to simultaneously communicate signals when communicating with one another, or the Tx-1210and the Tx-2220communicate signals in an alternating manner with one another. When the Tx-1210and the Tx-2220communicate signals in an alternating manner, they are permitted to use the same frequency because they are not communicating at the same time.

Additionally, in an example of conventional D2D communication, the Tx-1210and the Tx-2220forward a signal or data to the micro base station1250and the micro base station2260simultaneously, using an identical frequency.

In Phase I, for example, Transmission Mode (Tx Mode), ofFIG. 2, the micro base station1250and the micro base station2260simultaneously receive signals from the Tx-1210and the Tx-2220, transmitted using an identical frequency.

In Phase II, for example, Reception Mode (Rx Mode), the micro base station1250and the micro base station2260perform an appropriate form of processing that provides interference processing on the signals received by the micro base station1250and the micro base station2260, and subsequently broadcast to the Rx-1230and the Rx-2240. Signals desired to be received by the Rx-1230and the Rx-2240are restored because while signals received by the Rx-1230and the Rx-2240may interact with one another in the Rx-1230and the Rx-2240, receiving the broadcast signals from the micro base stations250and260includes processing to remove or neutralize interference.

In this example, the micro base stations250,260, and270cooperate with one another to provide user-oriented services. In particular, a single piece of user equipment is provided with a service by the simultaneous cooperation of several micro base stations.

For example, the micro base stations250,260, and270include multiple transmission/reception antennas, and are connected by wired and/or wireless backhauls. Here, the backhauls refer to intermediate links between the core or backbone network and the subnetworks that branch off of the core or backbone networks. The multiple transmission/reception antennas provide wireless communication between the constituent parts of the network.

In order to provide communication functionality, the micro base stations250,260, and270choose parameters and settings and take actions related to the communications process. For example,250,260, and270select a set or a pair of devices to communicate with one another, select cooperating micro base stations, enable communication between the set or pair of devices in a network, and determine a cooperation context for allocation and scheduling of resources.

FIG. 3illustrates another example of an operation of a communication method for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 3, an example in which micro base stations350,360, and370relay communication data among user equipment310,320,330, and340in the communication process for D2D according to an example is illustrated.

To simultaneously support communication among the user equipment310,320,330, and340, the micro base station350may involve the other the other micro base stations360and370in various ways. For example, the communications process may not use micro base stations the other micro base stations360and370at all, aside from the micro base station350, may use only one of the other micro base stations360and370as shown in a left image ofFIG. 3, or may use at least two micro base stations360and370as shown in a right image ofFIG. 3.

For example, inFIG. 3the base station350that primarily controls communication among the user equipment310,320,330, and340is referred to as a master base station. If they are used as part of the communications process, any other micro base stations such as micro base stations360and370cooperating with the master base station350are referred to as a following base station or a serving base station.

In the example ofFIG. 3, the master base station350dynamically coordinates a number of the following base stations360and370to provide for their cooperation to aid in communication among the user equipment310,320,330, and340.

In an example, a single micro base station is utilized when antenna resources of an individual micro base station are sufficient for D2D communication. Alternatively, a greater number of micro base stations are used when the antenna resources are insufficient. The number of micro base stations that are used may be chosen so as to correspond to the number of micro base stations that are necessary to provide sufficient antenna resources. Thus, when an amount of network traffic required for communication between devices is large, a signal may be simultaneously forwarded to the devices through utilizing a greater number of micro base stations, where the number of micro base stations is based on the amount of network traffic they are required to manage.

In the example ofFIG. 3, the master base station350performs various types of coordination with respect to the cooperating micro base stations in order to facilitate D2D communication between the user equipment310,320,330, and340. For example, the master base station350dynamically coordinates or shifts a configuration of the following base stations360and370, based on an antenna state of the following base stations360and370, an available resource status, a required amount of traffic of the user equipment310,320,330, and340, and the like, collectively. Thus, the master base station350not only transmits data throughout the network, but it also manages the configuration of other elements of the network in order to ensure that the data transmission requirements of the network are met and the resource demands placed on the network do not exceed the available resources for the network.

FIG. 4illustrates an example of a communication method for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 4, in410, the method configures a network topology. For example, a communication apparatus for D2D according to an example, hereinafter referred to as a “communication apparatus,” configures a network topology, using at least one cooperating base station for communication between devices included in multiple heterogeneous cells.

In420, the method creates an association. For example, the communication apparatus creates an association between more than one device pair and at least one base station based on configuring the network topology.

In430, the method determines a cooperation context. For example, the communication apparatus determines a cooperation context for communication between the multiple device pairs. In430, the communication apparatus determines a cooperation context. Such a cooperation context may be between communication devices, such as cooperating micro base stations, for communication between device pairs, based on the association created in420. For example, the cooperation context that is determined includes allocation information and scheduling information for wireless resources, such as a time, a frequency, and similar information, which is also referred to as transmitting resources and time information.

The communication apparatus, according to an example, refers to an apparatus for D2D in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells. Such a communication network includes, for example, a micro base station or an infrastructure for respective multiple heterogeneous cells. In an example, each of the multiple heterogeneous cells refers to a small cell, such as a macro-cell, a micro-cell, a cloud-cell, and the like, and a Wi-Fi zone or a DAS.

FIG. 5illustrates another example of a communication method for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 5, in510, the method selects multiple device pairs and at least one cooperating base station to communicate in between the multiple device pairs. For example, a communication apparatus selects multiple device pairs and at least one cooperating base station for communication of a device pair. The at least one device pairs may include a transmission device and a reception device to communicate one another from among devices included in multiple heterogeneous cells.

In515, the method configures a network topology. For example, the communication apparatus configures a network topology using the selected multiple device pairs and the at least one base station.

In520, the method transmits information on at least one cooperating base station to the multiple device pairs. For example, the communication apparatus transmits information on the at least one cooperating base station to the multiple device pairs configuring the network topology in520.

In525, the method transmits information on the multiple device pairs to the at least one cooperating base station. For example, the communication apparatus transmits information on the multiple device pairs to the at least one cooperating base station in525. An association may be created between the device pair and the at least one base station based on the information transmitted through520and525.

In530, the method collects channel information. For example, the communication apparatus collects channel information from the multiple device pairs. In an example, the channel information collected in530refers to a channel value H including a precise phase θ and an amplitude with respect to signals forwarded between devices.

In535, the method determines a coefficient for controlling interference. For example, the communication apparatus determines a coefficient for controlling interference that occurs in communication between the multiple device pairs, using the channel information collected in530. For example, the coefficient determined in535corresponds to a coefficient for solving interference occurring in the communication between the multiple device pairs, for example, through schemes of interference alignment or neutralization. Various appropriate schemes are used to perform this functionality.

In540, the method determines a cooperation context. For example, the communication apparatus determines a cooperation context including allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources based on the coefficient for controlling the interference determined in535.

In545, the method transmits the cooperation context to the multiple device pairs and the at least one cooperating base station. For example, the communication apparatus transmits the cooperation context determined in540to the multiple device pairs and the at least one cooperating base station.

In550, the method receives data from a transmission device. For example, the communication apparatus receives, from a transmission device, data for a reception device. As an example, the data for the reception device received from the transmission device is transmitted to the communication apparatus based on the cooperation context transmitted in545.

In555, the method processes data using a coefficient for controlling interference. For example, the communication apparatus processes data using the coefficient for controlling the interference.

In560, the method transmits the processed data to the reception device. For example, the communication apparatus transmits, to the reception device, the data processed in555.

FIG. 6illustrates an example of an operation between at least one base station and multiple device pairs cooperating with one another for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 6, cooperating micro base stations for communication of a device pair603operate as a master base station601or a following base station602. In an example, the master base station601is pre-selected to be known to all micro base stations in a network.

A function of the master base station601may be performed by other base stations, rather than solely by a predetermined micro base station.

Hereinafter, operations performed by the master base station601will be described.

In605, the master base station601selects the device pair603for performing D2D communication and a cooperating base station, for example, the following base station602. Also in605, the master base station provides notification as to a result of the selection to the device pair603and the following base station602, respectively. The device pair603may simultaneously transmit and receive data. In an example, the result of the selection forwarded to the device pair603is transferred in a form of a list including the following base station602involved in the pairing.

In610, the master base station601requests channel information from the device pair603selected in605. In response to the request, the master base station601may receive the channel information pertaining to the corresponding D2D pair from the device pair603in615. In this example, the request for the channel information of the device pair603may be transferred to the device pair603via the following base station602, transferred directly to the device pair603through a means other than the following base station602, or transferred to the device pair603through a combination of transfer paths.

In620, the master base station601determines a coefficient for controlling interference in the device pair603, based on the channel information received in615.

In625, the master base station601provides a notification as to allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources. For example, the allocation and scheduling information includes information such as, for example, a time, a frequency, and similar information that characterize use of wireless resources to help manage these resources. The allocation and scheduling information is derived based on the coefficient determined in620, to the following base station602and the device pair603. The allocation information and the scheduling information of wireless resources, for example, the time, the frequency, and similar information participate in communication between the device pair603, and/or are used to configure a cooperation context between cooperating communication apparatuses.

In630, the master base station601receives, from the device pair603, a signal to be forwarded.

In635, the master base station601reflects, in the signal received in630, the coefficient for controlling the interference, and forwards the signal. For example, the master base station601broadcasts the signal toward receivers, for example, destination devices, by multiplying the coefficient determined in620to the signal received in630and broadcasting the resulting signal Because the coefficient has been incorporated into the signal, the interference that would otherwise be present in the signal is controlled.

Hereinafter, operations performed by the following base station602will be described.

In640, the following base station602receives a result of the selection of the device pair603transmitted from the master base station601in605. The result received is information that characterizes the device pair603.

In645, the following base station602receives a request of channel information on the device pair603transmitted from the master base station601in610, and transfers the received request to the device pair603. Thus, the following base station602relays the request in this operation.

The following base station602receives the channel information transmitted from the device pair603in response to the request of645in650, and transmits the received channel information to the master base station in655. Thus, the following base station602also acts as an intermediary to provide the channel information. As an example, the channel information transmitted by the device pair603is be transferred directly to the master base station601, or transferred via the following base station602.

In660, the following base station602receives allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources. For example, the allocation information and scheduling information may include a time, a frequency, and the like, based on the coefficient for controlling interference in the device pair603transmitted from the master base station601in625.

In665, the following base station602receives the signal forwarded from the device pair603, and forwards the signal to the master base station601.

In670, the following base station602receives the signal transmitted from the master base station601in635, in which the coefficient for controlling the interference is reflected, and forwards the received signal to the device pair603.

Hereinafter, operations of the device pair603including the transmission device and the reception device performing D2D communication will be described.

In675, the device pair603receives a result of the selection of the cooperating base station. For example, inFIG. 6the cooperating base station is selected as following base station602, which is transmitted from the following base station602in640. In this example, the result of the selection of the cooperating base station transferred to each device pair603is transferred in the form of the list of the following base station602.

In680, the device pair603receives the request for the channel information from the device pair603transmitted from the master base station601, or the following base station602in610, and transmits the channel information of the device pair603in685. For example, the device pair603may have the ability to characterize the channel information with which it is associated so that such information may be shared with the base stations.

In690, the device pair603receives allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources, for example, a time, a frequency, and similar information, transmitted from the master base station601or the following base station602. Such information is used to set configuration parameters when the wireless communication actually occurs.

In695, the transmission device of the device pair603forwards a signal of the transmission device by utilizing predetermined resources at a predetermined time, based on the allocation information and the scheduling information received in690, and restores the signal of the transmission device from the signal received from the following base station602. In this example, the signal received by the reception device from the following base station602corresponds to a signal transmitted from the master base station601, in which the coefficient for controlling the interference is reflected. Hence, the device pair603routes the signal through the base station, and as a part of this routing process, the interference is controlled by use of the coefficient.

FIG. 7illustrates still another example of a communication method for D2D, according to an embodiment.

In710, the method transmits, by a transmission device, data.

In730, the method receives, by a reception device, data processed in a base station for communication between the transmission device and the reception device and transmitted from the transmission device.

Referring toFIG. 7, in the communication method for D2D in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells, when a transmission device transmits data to a reception device in710, the reception device receives the data transmitted from the transmission device in730. In this example, the data transmitted from the transmission device corresponds to data processed in a base station for communication between the transmission device and the reception device.

For example, the multiple heterogeneous cells may include a small cell, such as a macro-cell, a micro-cell, a cloud-cell, and the like, and/or a Wi-Fi access zone or a DAS.

For example, the operation of the base station in the communication method ofFIG. 7may be as follows.

The base station configures a network topology using a least one cooperating base station to communicate between devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells.

The base station creates an association between the transmission device and the reception device, and at least one base station when configuring the network topology. In an example, the base station further creates a cooperation context for communication between the transmission device and the reception device.

In an example, the base station collects information including at least one of a change of service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of service quality provided by the at least one cooperating base station, and a change of a channel state in the multi-hop network. Such information characterizes the resources available and demanded in the network. The base station switches the network topology based on the collected information. For example, the base station switches the network topology as resources become available or become required, to manage resources effectively so that the network is not overloaded and functions well.

FIG. 8illustrates yet another example of a communication method for D2D, according to an embodiment. Referring toFIG. 8, a method of switching a network topology in a communication apparatus according to an example is illustrated.

In810, the method collects information including at least one of change of service quality and change of channel state. For example, the communication apparatus collects information including at least one of a change of service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of service quality provided by the at least one cooperating base station, and a change of a channel state in the multi-hop network. In this example, the communication apparatus optionally collects corresponding information via a control channel.

In820, the method performs optimization. For example, the communication apparatus optimizes a network or a network configuration based on the information collected in810. The network optimization is performed using one or more of various generally used optimization schemes that configures the network to optimize the network. For example, optimizing the network may include maximizing one or more metrics of network performance.

In830, the method switches network topology. For example, the communication apparatus switches the network topology. In830, the communication apparatus switches the network topology through switching following base stations based on the information collected in810, and/or switch the network topology based on the network configuration optimized in820. In this example, a micro base station operating as a master base station and a micro base station operating as a following base station switch functions and configurations of one another to optimize the network topology in a manner that is helpful.

In840, the method determines a cooperation context for the switched network topology. For example, the communication apparatus determines a cooperation context for the network topology switched in830. In840, the communication apparatus determines allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources optimized with respect to the switched following base stations.

FIG. 9illustrates an example of a communication apparatus900for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 9, the communication apparatus900refers to an apparatus for D2D in a multi-hop network including multiple heterogeneous cells. For example,FIG. 9includes micro base stations for the multiple heterogeneous cells.

For example, the communication apparatus900includes a configurer910, an association creator920, and a determiner930.

The configurer910configures a network topology using at least one cooperating base station to communicate between devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells. In an example, the configurer910includes a selector915.

The selector915selects multiple device pairs including a transmission device and a reception device to communicate with one another from among the devices included in the multiple heterogeneous cells. The selector915selects at least one cooperating base station to communicate between multiple device pairs. The selector915configures the network topology using the selected multiple device pairs and the selected at least one base station.

The association creator920creates an association between the multiple device pairs and the at least one base station when configuring the network topology.

The determiner930determines a cooperation context for communication between the multiple device pairs. In an example, the determiner930includes a channel information collector933, a coefficient determiner936, and a context determiner939.

The channel information collector933collects the channel information from the multiple device pairs.

The coefficient determiner936determines a coefficient for controlling interference in communication between the multiple device pairs using the channel information. Here, the coefficient determined by the coefficient determiner936corresponds to a coefficient capable of solving interference issues by processing data transmitted between the multiple device pairs in communication, such as by using interference neutralization.

The context determiner939determines a cooperation context including information such as allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources based on the coefficient determined by the coefficient determiner936.

The context determiner939determines scheduling information for a session or a link unit to be scheduled in a multi-hop simultaneously with one another, and determines allocation information on wireless resources such as a time or a frequency to be allocated based on the scheduling information. The context determiner939performs scheduling in a unit of cooperative, coordinated sessions. For example, the context determiner939performs the multi-hops, to be simultaneously scheduled with one another.

FIG. 10illustrates another example of a communication apparatus1000for D2D, according to an embodiment.

Referring toFIG. 10, the communication apparatus1000includes a configurer1010, an association creator1020, and a determiner1030. In the example ofFIG. 10, the communication apparatus1000further includes a receiver1040, a processor1050, a transmitter1060, an information collector1070, and a switch1080. However, the communication apparatus1000may omit some of these constituent elements, or include other elements in addition to or in lieu of the elements listed here.

The configurer1010configure a network topology using at least one cooperating base station to communicate between devices included in multiple heterogeneous cells. In an example, the configurer1010includes a selector1015.

The selector1015selects multiple device pairs, each device pair including a transmission device and a reception device designated to communicate with one another from among the devices included in the heterogeneous cells. The selector1015selects at least one cooperating base station for communication between the multiple device pairs.

The association creator1020creates an association between the multiple device pairs and the at least one base station when configuring the network topology.

The determiner1030determines a cooperation context for communication between the multiple device pairs. In the example ofFIG. 10, the determiner1030includes a channel information collector1033, a coefficient determiner1036, and a context determiner1039.

The channel information collector1033collects channel information from the multiple device pairs.

The coefficient determiner1036determines a coefficient for controlling interference in communication between the multiple device pairs, using the channel information collected by the channel information collector1033.

The context determiner1039determines a cooperation context including allocation information and scheduling information of wireless resources based on the coefficient determined in the coefficient determiner1036.

The receiver1040receives data for the reception device from the transmission device.

The processor1050processes the received data for the reception device, using the coefficient for controlling the interference determined in the coefficient determiner1036.

The transmitter1060transmits, to the reception device, the data processed in the processor1050.

The information collector1070collects information including, for example, at least one of a change of service quality required by the transmission device and the reception device, a change of service quality provided by the at least one cooperating base station, and a change of a channel state in the network. However, these are merely examples and other information about network configuration and performance may also be gathered by the information collector1070.

The switch1080switches the network topology based on the information collected in the information collector1070. For example, the information collected in the information collector1070is used to indicate ways to reconfigure the network topology to improve network performance, and then the switch1080performs a switch of network topology based on such information.

The examples of a communication method and apparatus for device-to-device (D2D) offer a way to provide enhanced communication using multi-hop communication and interference neutralization to facilitate high-speed communication over longer distances while effectively managing interference.

The apparatuses and units described herein may be implemented using hardware components. The hardware components may include, for example, controllers, sensors, processors, generators, drivers, and other equivalent electronic components. The hardware components may be implemented using one or more general-purpose or special purpose computers, such as, for example, a processor, a controller and an arithmetic logic unit, a to digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable array, a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor or any other device capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner. The hardware components may run an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications that run on the OS. The hardware components also may access, store, manipulate, process, and create data in response to execution of the software. For purpose of simplicity, the description of a processing device is used as singular; however, one skilled in the art will appreciated that a processing device may include multiple processing elements and multiple types of processing elements. For example, a hardware component may include multiple processors or a processor and a controller. In addition, different processing configurations are possible, such a parallel processors.

The methods described above can be written as a computer program, a piece of code, an instruction, or some combination thereof, for independently or collectively instructing or configuring the processing device to operate as desired. Software and data may be embodied permanently or temporarily in any type of machine, component, physical or virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device that is capable of providing instructions or data to or being interpreted by the processing device. The software also may be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the software is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. In particular, the software and data may be stored by one or more non-transitory computer readable recording mediums. The media may also include, alone or in combination with the software program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium may include any data storage device that can store data that can be thereafter read by a computer system or processing device. Examples of the non-transitory computer readable recording medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), Compact Disc Read-only Memory (CD-ROMs), magnetic tapes, USBs, floppy disks, hard disks, optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROMs, or DVDs), and PC interfaces (e.g., PCI, PCI-express, WiFi, etc.). In addition, to functional programs, codes, and code segments for accomplishing the example disclosed herein can be construed by programmers skilled in the art based on the flow diagrams and block diagrams of the figures and their corresponding descriptions as provided herein.

As a non-exhaustive illustration only, a terminal/device/unit described herein may refer to mobile devices such as, for example, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a wearable smart device (such as, for example, a ring, a watch, a pair of glasses, a bracelet, an ankle bracket, a belt, a necklace, an earring, a headband, a helmet, a device embedded in the cloths or the like), a personal computer (PC), a tablet personal computer (tablet), a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a digital camera, a portable game console, an MP3 player, a portable/personal multimedia player (PMP), a handheld e-book, an ultra mobile personal computer (UMPC), a portable lab-top PC, a global positioning system (GPS) navigation, and devices such as a high definition television (HDTV), an optical disc player, a DVD player, a Blue-ray player, a setup box, or any other device capable of wireless communication or network communication consistent with that disclosed herein. In a non-exhaustive example, the wearable device may be self-mountable on the body of the user, such as, for example, the glasses or the bracelet. In another non-exhaustive example, the wearable device may be mounted on the body of the user through an attaching device, such as, for example, attaching a smart phone or a tablet to the arm of a user using an armband, or hanging the wearable device around the neck of a user using a lanyard.