Electronic camera with proofing feature

A camera comprised of an electronic imager and a plurality of display/frame stores. Each of the plurality of display/frame stores is individually selectable, for example, by a transparent touch-sensitive media positioned over the plurality of display stores. The selection acts to either retain or to discard the displayed image. Retained images may be downloaded to an optional memory module in the camera or to a larger, non-integral, data base/printer for providing finished photos of the images selected for saving. An auxiliary storage may be attached to expand the number of images that may be retained prior to downloading.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to an electronic camera for electronically 
recording and displaying a plurality of images and, more particularly, to 
such a camera having a selection feature for proofing the images of each 
display frame to retain only those images desired by the photographer. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Electronic cameras using solid state image sensing devices such as a charge 
coupled device (CCD) have been receiving increased interest as a potential 
replacement for the universally accepted silver halide film type camera. 
Within the electronic camera, the optical image is converted to electrical 
signals, which are then stored in various types of memory devices. These 
memory devices can then be addressed at a later date to redisplay the 
image. They may also be addressed for purposes of transferring the stored 
image signals to another type of storage device such as a video tape. Some 
electronic cameras also provide a single image display device, which is 
generally located on the back of the housing, to provide the photographer 
with a captured image that may be viewed for purposes of determining if 
the image should be retained. 
A patent of interest for its teaching in this area is UK patent application 
GB No. 2,089,169A published June 12, 1982, wherein a solid state still 
camera captures images and, with the use of a high-speed A/D converter, 
converts the images for storage in a temporary memory. The temporary 
memory can then be downloaded into a larger, more permanent solid state 
memory of the type that can hold more than one picture. The patent 
describes a magnetic bubble memory as being one form of larger, permanent 
solid state memory. Others mentioned are a removable memory chip and/or 
memory (magnetic) cassette. Viewing of the stored images can then be 
accomplished by addressing the permanent memory store with appropriate 
electronics and displaying the addressed signal bits. 
Another device of interest is disclosed in Japanese patent application No. 
55-153581 entitled "Electronic Camera" by N. K. Kogyo et al. In that 
application, the camera captures the image into a solid state storage 
means and provides a feature wherein the photographer may access the 
storage means to output to a display device the image stored therein. 
After observing the image and making an evaluation, the photographer 
either erases the image and/or restores the image into the storage device. 
Two additional patents of particular interest are U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,773 
entitled "Electronic Photographic Camera" by K. Toyoda et al. and U.S. 
Pat. No. 4,456,931 entitled "Electronic Camera" by K. Toyoda. Both of 
these patents relate to devices similar to those previously described with 
the additional feature in U.S. Pat. No. '773 being that the memory unit is 
contained in a physically detachable module which may removed from the 
camera and brought to further image processing apparatus. In U.S. Pat. No. 
'931, the memory unit is also detachable from the camera unit and can be 
connected to an external memory device such as a video tape recorder. 
The cameras discussed in the aforementioned patents also each have the 
ability to display one image of stored data on a display that is affixed 
to the back portion of the camera housing. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In the present invention, a camera having an electronic imager is provided 
with a plurality of display frame stores that are affixed to the rear 
portion of the camera. A selection means such as touch sensitive media is 
overlaid on the display frame stores and is associated with each of the 
plurality of display frame stores such that the photographer may select 
which image(s), from the plurality of displayed images, are to be retained 
by touching the overlay near the particular display frame. An optional 
memory module within the camera may be utilized to more permanently retain 
the selected images making room for additional images to be displayed and 
considered. 
In a preferred embodiment of the camera, there is provided an imaging means 
for forming an image from an optical scene. A converter, coupled to the 
imager converts the image into digital signals. A plurality of addressable 
image display devices each sequentially receive an enabling signal for 
storing and displaying an image represented by the digital signals. The 
image display devices function to display and store the image represented 
by the received digital signals. Associated with each display device is a 
selecting means for selecting the image associated with the device for 
more permanent storage in a larger addressable memory. A transmitting 
feature is optionally provided to unload the selected images from the 
addressable memory for transmission to a viewer and/or printer. 
From the foregoing it can be seen that it is a primary object of the 
present invention to provide an improved electronic camera having proofing 
features. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide an electronic 
camera wherein a plurality of images may be displayed simultaneously for 
viewing and selecting by an operator. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic 
camera having the capability of storing and viewing a plurality of still 
pictures simultaneously. 
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent 
when taken in conjunction with the following description and drawings 
wherein like characters indicate like parts and which drawings form a part 
of the present description.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring to FIG. 1, the camera 10 is formed with an outer housing 17 
supporting a lens assembly 12 for directing optical images to an image 
acquisition subsystem 50 contained within the housing 17 (shown in FIG. 4 
as part of the camera's internal electronics). The images received by the 
lens assembly 12 and the acquisition subsystem 50 are displayed on a 
plurality of display stores 14.sub.l through 14.sub.n. A mode selection 
switch 16, under photographer control, functions to place the camera in 
the desired operating mode. A mode indicator viewing window 11 provides a 
view to an instruction panel which carries messages to the operator to 
indicate the status of the camera's operating mode. A snapshot button 18 
cooperates with the internal electronics to permit the photographer to 
snap an image into the internal image storing electronics. A viewfinder 13 
is provided to assist the photographer in framing the desired image. As an 
image is stored into the internal electronics by the activation of the 
button 18, it is also displayed on one of the display stores 14. 
An off-on switch 19 when activated connects a power source 65 (see FIG. 4) 
to the camera's electronics. 
An electrical connector receptacle 20 and an electrical connector 22 are 
utilized to connect an external remote image base/picture printer 24 to 
the camera 10. Images stored within the camera 10 can then be downloaded 
to a more permanent store in the data base and also may be printed into 
either a negative or a positive print. 
Referring to FIG. 2 in conjunction with the camera 10 of FIG. 1, a 
selection means, such as an overlay 30 has a plurality of openings 32 
defined therethrough corresponding in size and location to the size and 
location of the plurality of display stores 14.sub.l -14.sub.n on the back 
housing of the camera body 17. Also provided therethrough is an opening 38 
corresponding to the location and sizing of the viewfinder window 13. 
Positioned adjacent to each of the openings 32 is a touch switch 34, 
connected by conductors 35 and 36 to a source of power. In operation, the 
photographer can press a button switch 34 which will make electric contact 
between conductors 35 and 36 to provide a selection signal for retaining 
in a semi-permanent storage device the image displayed in an associated 
store display 14. 
A second type of selection means is illustrated in FIG. 3 comprised of a 
transparent sheet 40 having grid electronics (not shown) embedded therein 
which is coupled by means of a cable 42 to appropriate selection 
electronics shown more specifically in FIG. 4. The selection means 40 is 
of the common touch screen type which provides an XY coordinate signal 
corresponding to the position of the finger of the photographer when the 
person touches the selection means 40. The selection electronics thus 
provides a unique selection signal corresponding to the position of each 
of the display stores 14. The selection signal can then be used to 
activate a semi-permanent storage device for storing the image associated 
with the particular store display. 
Referring now to FIG. 4, an image acquisition subsystem 50 receives the 
optical image from the camera's lens 12 which focuses the image onto the 
image plane 52A of an image sensor 52. The image sensor 52 may be of the 
1320(H).times.1035(v)-element type supplied by Eastman Kodak Company under 
their product identifier KAF-1400. The image sensor 52 is activated to the 
image sensing mode by the photographer pressing the snapshot button 18 to 
cause a control logic block 72 to generate a PK enable signal. The PK 
signal permits the button 18, when depressed, to control the application 
of a clocking signal CLK to a voltage translator 53. The control logic 
block 72 forms a part of a controller 70. An imager timing control circuit 
55 receives a fixed frequency signal from an oscillator 54. The timing 
control circuit 55 also receives the picture enable signal PK, from the 
control logic block 72. The signal CLK is derived from the fixed frequency 
signal and is provided to the camera's electronics by a clock bus 59. The 
voltage translator 53, in response to the clock signal CLK, provides 
various clocking and control signals to the image sensor 52 to activate 
the sensor to store the optical image impinging on the sensor. The various 
clocking and control signals are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Output signals 
from the image sensor 52 are amplified by an amplifier 56 and are directed 
to a sample and hold circuit 57. The sample and hold circuit also receives 
the CLK signal from the image timing control circuit 55 over the clock bus 
59. A threshold adjust circuit 58 receives the output from the sample and 
hold circuit 57 and operates to provide a black level clamp to the 
signals. The imaging signals from the threshold adjust circuit 58 are then 
directed to an A/D converter 110. The A/D converter 110 also receives the 
clocking signal CLK and provides at its output the digitized version of 
the signals appearing at its input. 
The output of the A/D converter 110 is connected to an image data bus 100. 
A multiple image display subsystem 80 is shown comprised of, a plurality 
of image display and storage devices 14.sub.l through 14.sub.n and 
associated refresh and memory devices 15.sub.l through 15.sub.n, each 
connected to the image data bus 100 by means of individual buses 82. Each 
display and storage device has an R (read) and a W (write) input terminal 
connected in parallel to the other displays and to correspondingly labeled 
outputs from the control logic block 72. In addition, each display has its 
own individual enabling input terminal labeled CEl through CEn. The 
enabling signals are received from the output of a multiplexer 74. The 
multiplexer 74 receives at its input the selection signal from the control 
logic block 72 for selecting which output is the receive the enabling 
signal. The multiplexer 74 provides the enabling signal to a specific 
display enabling input terminal commencing with the display 14.sub.l such 
that the first image is stored and displayed in display 14.sub.l and the 
second image is stored and displayed in display 14.sub.2, etc. up to and 
including display 14.sub.n. 
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the displays 14.sub.l through 
14.sub.n may be neutralized, twisted, nematic LCD displays with back 
lighting and/or of the type employed by Seiko in their wristwatch TV, 
and/or of the type employed by Casio in the pocket-size TV. 
A user input/output subsystem 60 is comprised of the instruction panel 62, 
which may be an LCD device, rotary switch 16, picture-taking switch 
(button) 18 and the selection means (touch screen overlay 40). The XY 
coordinate signals generated by the touch screen overlay 40 are received 
by the control logic block 72. Also received by block 72, over a bus 66, 
are switch signals from the switches 16 and 18. The control logic block 72 
forwards instruction signals to the instruction panel 62 over a bus 63. A 
digital image buffer 76, which may be a RAM, receives the outputs R and W 
from the control logic block 72 along with the CLK signal from the bus 59 
and functions as the semi-permanent storage device. The input to the 
digital picture buffer 76 is coupled to the image data bus 100 by means of 
a subbus 120. The digital picture buffer 76 may be omitted if long-term 
storage is not required. Also, the digital picture downloading of the 
digital picture buffer 76 by cable is optional. A RAM chip fashioned on a 
plug-in board, for example, a credit card size board, could also be 
connected to the camera to download the buffer. The output of the digital 
image buffer 76 is coupled over a bus 130 to a block of line drivers 94. 
The outputs from the line drivers 94 are connectable, via connector 20, to 
the image data base/picture printer 24, shown in FIG. 1. Control and 
enable signals for the line drivers are received from a transmitter 
subassembly 90 by means of a transceiver formatter and controller 92. The 
transceiver formatter 92 receives control signals from the control logic 
circuit 72 and responds to these signals to control the flow of the image 
data from the image buffer 76 to the image data base/printer 24. 
Upon receiving an enable signal from the enable bus, the imager timing 
control block 55 initiates signals to remove the off-state charge 
collection. This is accomplished in a manner consistent with the transfer 
of imagewise charge and depends on the type of image sensor. For example, 
with a two-phase CCD (charge-coupled device) or BBD (bucket brigade 
device) the clockouts are accomplished by rapid sequential clocking of a 
horizontal shift register (not shown part of CCD image sensor chip). The 
sequential clocking is shown in FIG. 5 as E and F, .PHI.H1 and .PHI.H2. 
These are the picture `element rate` clocks. When the last element of the 
horizontal shift register has been clocked out, the next row of picture 
elements (pixels) are transferred in parallel into the horizontal shift 
register. This transfer is accomplished by stopping the horizontal clocks 
as shown in FIG. 5, C and D. The two phases of vertical gates, A and B are 
clocked, transferring the charge into the waiting horizontal shift 
register elements. The shift register is then clocked out as before. This 
procedure is repeated until all rows of the imager have been shifted out. 
FIG. 6 illustrates the waveforms that are used by the output structure of 
the imager. A denotes the master clock CLK from which the other timing 
signals are derived. The picture element rate clocks are shown in B and C. 
The output driver (not shown part of CCD image sensor chip) is reset to a 
reference voltage prior to each pixel measurement. The reset clock is 
shown in D. After reference voltage setting, the output node settles to a 
slightly different level due to the channel charge from the reset switch 
transistor. Thus, the stable level is sampled at timing indicated by 
.PHI.C, the waveform denoted E in FIG. 6. The output voltage showing these 
steps is denoted G. Following the reset and settling of the output driver, 
the pixel signal charge is measured. The timing of this is denoted .PHI.S 
in waveform F. The intensity of the image determines the amount of pixel 
charge and the output voltage will reflect that intensity. The fact sheets 
supplied by EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY with their image sensor contains the 
schematic and timing diagrams which describe the previously discussed 
shift registers and waveforms. 
Referring now to FIG. 7, which is a flow diagram of the operating software 
program for the camera 10, illustrating the hierarchy of the operating 
modules, the start block 200 commences with switch 19 being placed in the 
ON position. A user I/O (in/out) instruction module 201 is activated 
directing the user, through prompt codes displayed by the instruction 
panel 62, to a selection of a picture capture display mode 202 or a 
picture transfer or erase mode 203. 
FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart depicting the process steps of the user I/O 
module 201. The start block 300 activates the initialize block 302 to 
perform an initialization of the camera's circuitry. A decision block 303 
is addressed for checking for any camera diagnostics indicating a 
malfunction. If the answer is YES, the decision block branches to the 
diagnostics block 304 which looks up the message in a memory stored table 
that corresponds to the malfunction. The message is displayed by action 
block 305, causing the message to be displayed in the display window 11 
via the instruction panel 62. A decisioning block 306 checks to see if the 
user has provided any input such as acknowledging the existence of the 
display message. If that has not occurred, the block decisions to a NO and 
continues to loop until the user provides the necessary input or 
acknowledgement, at which time the decision block reverts to the YES 
branch. The YES branch is directed to a questioning block 307 which 
questions whether the condition has been cleared. If the answer is NO, the 
output is looped back to the input to the display message block 305 to 
maintain the message display. If the condition has been cleared, the 
decision block branches to a YES answer and to the input of the check for 
camera diagnostics block 303. With all conditions clear, block 303 outputs 
a NO condition to the input of block 308. Block 308 checks for any user 
input and, if there is none, branches to the NO output which loops back to 
the input of block 303. This process continues until a YES answer is 
received. At that point, a go to other mode block 309 is activated. Block 
309 selects either mode 202 or mode 303 in response to the user selecting 
the mode through the positioning of switch 16. 
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of the procedural steps for the picture capture 
sequence mode 202. On being activated by the selection mode block 309, 
module 202 is started with block 400. Block 400 activates an initialized 
block 401 which in turn provides an output to a decision block 402. Block 
402 checks to see if any of the storage displays are empty. If all the 
displays are used, the block branches to block 403 which sets diagnostic 
code status to indicate that the program is to go to the user I/O module 
201 which in turn will provide the user with a display message through 
window 11 indicating all of the display storage elements are used. If 
there are empty displays which are ready to receive an image, block 405 is 
activated to set the picture buffer to a "Write" mode and to enable the 
capture of the picture by activating the enable picture via image timing 
block 406. Once enabled, the operator may then press the snapshot button 
18 to take the picture. Decision block 407 is responsive to the button 
circuitry 16 for determining if the picture has been taken. If not, a loop 
back to the input to the picture taken logic block occurs until a YES 
answer is detected. The YES answer activates block 408 to enable the A/D 
analog-to-digital converter 110 and the RAM buffers 76. A questioning 
block 409 questions whether the RAM buffers 76 are fully loaded. If not, 
additional time is provided with the loop back to the input of the 
questioning block 409. With the RAM buffers 76 fully loaded the answer 
from block 409 will be YES which in turn will enable the chip select for 
the desired display via block 410 which in turn will set the display write 
enable terminal W via block 411 which in turn will set the RAM buffer read 
terminal R via block 412 and in turn will enable the storage display CEl-n 
via block 413. A question block 414 questions whether a mode change has 
occurred after the taking of this picture, if not, a NO answer loops back 
to the input of block 402 to again determine whether there are any empty 
displays after the taking of this picture. If the answer is YES, then a 
selection is made by block 415 to go to the selected mode. 
Referring to FIG. 10, wherein is shown a flow diagram for the picture 
transfer/erase sequence module 203, upon the start block 500 being 
selected the initialize block 501 is activated to initialize all 
associated circuitry. A status block 502 checks the display status and, if 
none of the displays have been used, the diagnostics are set via block 503 
to cause that status to be displayed by the instruction panel 62. The 
program then moves to block 504 which causes a branch to the user I/O 
module 201. If displays have been used, block 502 transfers control to the 
transfer or erase block 513 wherein a selection for transmit moves the 
process to block 514 to tell the user to select the picture to be 
transmitted via the touch screen 40. In a questioning block 515, sampling 
is made to determine if the touch screen has been operated. If not, a loop 
is formed until a touch has occurred. Upon the occurrence of a selection, 
via the touch screen, block 516 is activated to set the desired display to 
a read enable mode. This in turn, sets the buffer RAM to a write enable 
mode via block 517. Block 518 enables the data transfer and the 
questioning block 519 samples the transfer to determine if it is complete. 
If not, the transfer questioning continues until a YES answer is received. 
A YES answer from block 519 is directed to block 520 which sets the buffer 
RAM to a read enable mode. Block 521 initializes and enables the 
transceiver 92 when the buffer RAM is placed in the read enable mode. 
Block 522 enables the data to be downloaded to the data base/picture 
printer 24 shown in FIG. 1. 
Questioning block 523 questions whether the download has been completed and 
loops back to continue the questioning until the answer is YES. With a YES 
answer, block 525 is enabled questioning whether a mode change is to take 
place after the downloading. If NO is the answer, a loop back to the input 
of block 502 is accomplished to set up the next transfer or erase 
operation. If the answer is YES, then block 526 directs the program to the 
selected mode. 
Returning to the transfer or erase questioning block 513, if the erase mode 
is selected, the user is told to select the picture to erase by the action 
of block 505. Questioning block 506 checks the selection block output to 
determine if a selection has been made. If none has, then the questioning 
block loops on to itself and continues in that mode until an answer of YES 
is received. A YES answer activates block 507 which disables the display 
power while maintaining power to the memory. Questioning block 508 is thus 
activated and questions the operator's selection of the particular display 
to be erased. If the operator indicates that it is a wrong choice, then 
enable display power block 509 is activated and the program is looped to 
the input to block 505 to commence the selection process again. If the 
choice is acceptable, then block 510 is activated setting the display 
status bit to indicate an empty condition. This in turn will activate the 
mode change questioning block 511 which, if the answer is NO, indicates 
that a mode change is not desired. This will cause a branch to the input 
of the check display status block 502. If the answer is YES, block 512 
will be energized directing the program to the selected mode. 
The procedural programs 201, 202, and 203 can be implemented in a software 
program or in firmware embedded in a microprocessor that forms the control 
logic 72. 
While there has been shown what is considered to be the preferred 
embodiment of the present invention, it will be manifest that many changes 
and modifications may be made therein without departing from the essential 
spirit of the invention. It is intended, therefore, in the annexed claims 
to cover all such changes and modifications as may fall within the true 
scope of the invention.