Display apparatus

A display apparatus includes: a first substrate having a front surface and a rear surface; a first display layer disposed on the front surface of the first substrate, the first display layer configured to emit light in a front direction; a second display layer disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate, the second display layer configured to emit light in a rear direction; and a pressure sensor disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate, the pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of a touch of a user.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0094986, filed on Jul. 26, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a display apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

As smart devices are developed, display apparatuses satisfying various requests of users have been developed. For example, a study for improving the display direction of a display apparatus, a study for enabling a user to obtain visual information from a display apparatus even when the display apparatus does not emit light, a study for enabling a display apparatus to measure a pressure of a touch, and the like have been developed.

SUMMARY

Embodiments provide a display apparatus that provides visual information in various directions and measure a pressure of a touch.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a display apparatus including: a first substrate having a front surface and a rear surface; a first display layer disposed on the front surface of the first substrate, the first display layer configured to emit light in a front direction; a second display layer disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate, the second display layer configured to emit light in a rear direction; and a pressure sensor disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate, the pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of a touch of a user.

The pressure sensor may include an elastic layer disposed between the first substrate and the second display layer, the elastic layer being configured to be deformed by the pressure.

The elastic layer may include nanoparticles having conductivity.

The pressure sensor may further include: a first conductive pattern disposed between the first substrate and the elastic layer; and a second conductive pattern disposed between the elastic layer and the second display layer.

The display apparatus may further include: a second substrate disposed between the first conductive pattern and the elastic layer; a third substrate disposed between the elastic layer and the second conductive pattern; and a fourth substrate disposed between the second conductive pattern and the second display layer.

An area of the second substrate may be larger than an area of the first substrate. An area of the third substrate may be larger than an area of the fourth substrate. The display apparatus may further include: a first conductive pad provided on a same plane as the first conductive pattern, the first conductive pad being connected to the first conductive pattern; and a second conductive pad provided on a same plane as the second conductive pattern, the second conductive pad being connected to the second conductive pattern.

The first substrate may have a first via hole. The fourth substrate may have a second via hole. The first conductive pattern may be connected to an external apparatus through the first via hole. The second conductive pattern may be connected to the external apparatus through the second via hole.

The display apparatus may further include: a second substrate disposed between the first substrate and the first conductive pattern; a third substrate disposed between the elastic layer and the second display layer; and a fourth substrate disposed between the third substrate and the second display layer.

The display apparatus may further include a first reflective layer disposed on the first display layer. The first display layer may be disposed between the first substrate and the first reflective layer.

The first substrate may include a light emitting area and a reflective area. The first reflective layer may include: a sensing pattern disposed in the light emitting area and the reflective area, the sensing pattern including a material having a constant reflexibility, the sensing pattern configured to sense a position of the touch; and a reflective pattern disposed in the reflective area, the reflective pattern overlapping with the sensing pattern.

Each of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern may be provided in plurality.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a display apparatus including: a substrate having a front surface and a rear surface; a display layer disposed on the front surface of the substrate, the display layer configured to emit light in front and rear directions; and a pressure sensor disposed on the display layer, the pressure sensor configured to sense a pressure of a touch of a user.

The display layer may include: first and second pixel electrodes disposed on the front surface of the substrate; a counter electrode disposed on the first and second pixel electrodes; and an emitting layer provided between the first pixel electrode and the counter electrode and between the second pixel electrode and the counter electrode.

The display apparatus may further include a rear reflective layer disposed between the substrate and the first pixel electrode and a front reflective layer disposed on the counter electrode. The pressure sensor may be provided on the front reflective layer, have elasticity, and be configured to be deformed by the pressure of the touch.

The pressure sensor may be provided in plurality. Each of the plurality of pressure sensors may include grid type patterns extending in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction.

The display apparatus may further include a planarization layer provided between the display layer and the pressure sensor.

The display apparatus may further include a connection line disposed on a same plane as the pressure sensor, the connection line being connected to the pressure sensor.

The display apparatus may further include a reflective layer disposed on the pressure sensor.

The substrate may include a light emitting area and a reflective area. The reflective layer may include: a sensing pattern disposed in the light emitting area and the reflective area, the sensing pattern including a material having a constant reflexibility, the sensing pattern configured to sense a position of the touch; and a reflective pattern disposed in the reflective area, the reflective pattern overlapping with the sensing pattern.

The display apparatus may further include a polarizing plate disposed on the pressure sensor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals indicate like elements throughout the specification and drawings. In the following description, detailed explanation of known related functions and constitutions may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the subject manner of the present disclosure. Names of elements used in the following description are selected in consideration of facility of specification preparation. Thus, the names of the elements may be different from names of elements used in a real product.

It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence and/or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Further, an expression that an element such as a layer, region, substrate or plate is placed “on” or “above” another element indicates not only a case where the element is placed “directly on” or “just above” the other element but also a case where a further element is interposed between the element and the other element. On the contrary, an expression that an element such as a layer, region, substrate or plate is placed “beneath” or “below” another element indicates not only a case where the element is placed “directly beneath” or “just below” the other element but also a case where a further element is interposed between the element and the other element.

FIG. 1is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 1, the display apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1, a first display layer DPL1, a second display layer DPL2, a first conductive pattern CP1, a second substrate SUB2, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3, a second conductive pattern CP2, a fourth substrate SUB4, a first buffer layer BF1, and a second buffer layer BF2.

The first substrate SUB1has a front surface and a rear surface. The first substrate SUB1may allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and have an insulation property. The first substrate SUB1may include an insulative material such as glass, organic polymer, crystal, quartz, synthetic quartz, calcium fluoride, F-doped quartz, sodalime glass, or non-alkali glass. Also, the first substrate SUB1may have flexibility to be bendable or foldable. In this case, the first substrate SUB1may include at least one of polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate, triacetate cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate.

The first display layer DPL1is disposed on the front surface of the first substrate SUB1, and emits light in a front direction. The first display layer DPL1may be connected to an external apparatus (not shown), and the external apparatus (not shown) may drive the first display layer DPL1.

The second display layer DPL2is disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate SUB1, and emits light in a rear direction. The second display layer DPL2may be connected to an external apparatus (not shown), and the external apparatus (not shown) may drive the second display layer DPL2.

The first conductive pattern CP1is disposed between the first substrate SUB1and the second display layer DPL2. The first conductive pattern CP1may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof) having ductility and a transparent conductive oxide (indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, etc., or any mixture thereof) having no ductility. When the first substrate SUB1has flexibility, the first conductive pattern CP1may include a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof) having ductility.

The elastic layer EL is disposed between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second display layer DPL2. The elastic layer EL has elasticity, and may be deformed by a pressure of a touch when a user applies the touch to the display apparatus. The elastic layer EL may include silicon, polymer, and the like. The polymer may include at least one of polyimide and polyurethane.

Also, the elastic layer EL may include nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may have conductivity, and include particles of carbon, graphite, metalloid, metal, conductive oxide of the metalloid or metal, or conductive nitride of the metalloid or metal. Alternatively, the nanoparticle may include particles having a core-shell structure in which the particles are coated on insulative beads or combinations thereof. When the elastic layer EL includes the nanoparticles, the elastic layer EL may operate as a pressure sensor. The elastic layer EL is connected to an external apparatus (not shown), and the external apparatus (not shown) measures a resistance value of the elastic layer EL. When the user applies a touch to the display apparatus and the elastic layer EL is deformed by the touch, the resistance value of the elastic layer EL is changed as a distance between the nanoparticles included in the elastic layer EL is changed. The external apparatus (not shown) may sense a change in resistance value of the elastic layer EL, and determine a pressure of the touch, based on a magnitude of the changed resistance value.

The second conductive pattern CP2is disposed between the elastic layer EL and the second display layer DPL2. The second conductive pattern CP2may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof) and a transparent conductive oxide (indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, etc., or any mixture thereof).

The first conductive pattern CP1, the elastic layer EL, and the second conductive pattern CP2may operate as a pressure sensor. The first conductive pattern CP1and the second conductive pattern CP2are connected to an external apparatus (not shown). The external apparatus (not shown) supplies a preset voltage or current level to the first conductive pattern CP1, and measures voltage and current levels of the second conductive pattern CP2. Based on the voltage or current level of the second conductive pattern CP2, the external apparatus (not shown) measures a capacitance between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second conductive pattern CP2. When the user applies a touch to the display apparatus and the elastic layer EL is deformed by the touch, a distance between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second conductive pattern CP2is changed as the elastic layer EL is deformed. The capacitance between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second conductive pattern CP2is changed as the distance between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second conductive pattern CP2is changed. The external apparatus (not shown) may sense a change in capacitance between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second conductive pattern CP2, and calculate a pressure of the touch, based on a magnitude of the changed capacitance.

In some embodiments, the external apparatus (not shown) may supply a preset voltage or current level to the second conductive pattern CP2, and measure voltage and current levels of the first conductive pattern CP1. Also, the external apparatus (not shown) may supply a preset voltage or current level to the first conductive pattern CP1during a preset period, and supply a preset voltage or current level to the second conductive pattern CP2during the remaining period. The preset period and the remaining period may be alternately performed.

The second substrate SUB2is disposed between the first conductive pattern CP1and the elastic layer EL. The second substrate SUB2has a front surface and a rear surface. The second substrate SUB2may allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and have an insulation property. The second substrate SUB2may include at least one of materials mentioned as the materials that may be included in the first substrate SUB1.

The third substrate SUB3is disposed between the elastic layer EL and the second conductive pattern CP2. The third substrate SUB3may allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and have an insulation property. The third substrate SUB3may include at least one of materials mentioned as the materials that may be included in the first substrate SUB1.

The fourth substrate SUB4is disposed between the second conductive pattern CP2and the second display layer DPL2. The fourth substrate SUB4may allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and have an insulation property. The fourth substrate SUB4may include at least one of materials mentioned as the materials that may be included in the first substrate SUB1. The second display layer DPL2may be disposed on the fourth substrate SUB4.

The first buffer layer BF1is disposed between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second substrate SUB2. The buffer layer BF1may be provided in a single layer or a multi-layer. When the first buffer layer BF1is provided in a single layer, the first buffer layer BF1may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer. The inorganic material may include at least one of a silicon compound and a metal oxide. When the first buffer layer BF1is provided in a multi-layer, each layer in the multi-layer may include the above-described organic material or an inorganic material.

The second buffer layer BF2may be disposed between the third substrate SUB3and the second conductive pattern CP2. Like the first buffer layer BF1, the second buffer layer BF2may be provided in a single layer or a multi-layer, and include the organic material or an inorganic material, mentioned while describing the first buffer layer BF1.

In the present disclosure, only the first buffer layer BF1and the second buffer layer BF2have been illustrated. However, in some embodiments, a buffer layer (not shown) may be further provided between two components different from each other. For example, a buffer layer (not shown) may be further provided between the first substrate SUB1and the first display layer DPL1. In some embodiments, the first buffer layer BF1and the second buffer layer BF2may be omitted.

A detailed structure of the first display layer DPL1will be described in detail later, and a structure of the second display layer DPL2may correspond to that of the first display layer DPL1.

FIG. 2is a schematic plan view illustrating a portion of the display apparatus ofFIG. 1.FIG. 3is a sectional view taken along line I-I′ ofFIG. 2, which illustrates the first display layer DPL1.

Referring toFIG. 2, pixels60,70, and80may be disposed in the display apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the pixel60may be a pixel that emits light of red, the pixel70may be a pixel that emits light of green, and the pixel80may be a pixel that emits light of blue.

Referring toFIG. 3, in the display apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first display layer DPL1includes a first insulating layer150, a second insulating layer190, a third insulating layer270, a light emitting structure, and a pixel defining layer310. Here, the light emitting structure may include a semiconductor device250, a pixel electrode290, an emitting layer330, and a counter electrode340. The semiconductor device250may include an active pattern130, a gate electrode170, a source electrode210, and a drain electrode230.

The active pattern130may include an oxide semiconductor, a silicon semiconductor, an organic semiconductor, or the like. The silicon semiconductor may include amorphous silicon, poly-silicon, etc.

The first insulating layer150may be disposed over the active pattern130. The first insulating layer150may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer.

The gate electrode170may be disposed on the active pattern130. The gate electrode170may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof), a conductive metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, and the like.

The second insulating layer190may be disposed over the gate electrode170, and cover the gate electrode170. The second insulating layer190may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer. The inorganic material may include at least one of a silicon compound and a metal oxide.

The source electrode210and the drain electrode230may be disposed on the second insulating layer190. The source electrode210and the drain electrode230may be connected to one side and the other side of the active pattern130by passing through portions of the first insulating layer150and the second insulating layer190, respectively. The source electrode210and the drain electrode230may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof), a conductive metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, and the like.

The third insulating layer270may be disposed over the second insulating layer190, the source electrode210, and the drain electrode230. The third insulating layer270may cover the source electrode210and the drain electrode230. The third insulating layer270may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer. The inorganic material may include at least one of a silicon compound and a metal oxide.

The pixel electrode290may be disposed on the third insulating layer270. The pixel electrode290may be connected to the drain electrode230in the semiconductor device250by passing through a portion of the third insulating layer270. In some embodiments, the pixel electrode290may be electrically connected to another part (e.g., the source electrode210) in the semiconductor device250. The pixel electrode290may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof), a conductive metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, and the like.

The pixel defining layer310may be disposed on the third insulating layer270. The pixel defining layer310may be disposed over the pixel electrode290, and expose a portion of the pixel electrode290. The pixel defining layer310may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer. The inorganic material may include at least one of a silicon compound and a metal oxide.

The emitting layer330may be disposed on the pixel electrode290, and be in contact with the pixel electrode290. The emitting layer330may include at least one of light emitting materials that enable different colored lights (e.g., red light, green light, blue light, etc.) to be emitted therefrom. The emitting layer330may include an organic material, and be provided in a single layer or a multi-layer. When current flows in the emitting layer330, the emitting layer330may emit light. Referring toFIGS. 2 and 3, the pixel70may correspond to a region in which the emitting layer330is provided.

The counter electrode340may be disposed over the pixel defining layer310and the emitting layer330. The counter electrode340may cover the pixel defining layer310and the emitting layer330. The counter electrode340may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof), a conductive metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, and the like.

The second display layer DPL2(seeFIG. 1) may have a structure corresponding to that of the first display layer DPL1.

The display apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can sense a pressure of a touch while displaying images in front and rear directions.

FIG. 4is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 4, the display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1, a first display layer DPL1, a second display layer DPL2, a first conductive pattern CP1, a second substrate SUB2, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3, a second conductive pattern CP2, a fourth substrate SUB4, a first buffer layer BF1, and a second buffer layer BF2. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 1will be omitted.

InFIG. 1, the second substrate SUB2is disposed between the first conductive pattern CP1and the elastic layer EL, and the first buffer layer BF1is disposed between the first conductive pattern CP1and the second substrate SUB2. However, inFIG. 4, the second substrate SUB2is disposed between the first substrate SUB1and the first conductive pattern CP1, and the first buffer layer BF1is disposed between the first substrate SUB1and the second substrate SUB2.

Also, inFIG. 1, the third substrate SUB3is disposed between the elastic layer EL and the second conductive pattern CP2, and the second buffer BF2is disposed between the third substrate SUB3and the second conductive pattern CP2. However, inFIG. 4, the third substrate SUB3is disposed between the second conductive pattern CP2and the fourth substrate SUB4, and the second buffer layer BF2is disposed between the third substrate SUB3and the fourth substrate SUB4.

FIG. 5is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 5, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1, a first display layer DPL1, a second display layer DPL2, a first conductive pattern CP1, a second substrate SUB2, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3, a second conductive pattern CP2, a fourth substrate SUB4, a first buffer layer BF1, a second buffer layer BF2, a first reflective layer RFL1, and a second reflective layer RFL2.

As compared with the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 1, the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 5further includes the first reflective layer RFL1and the second reflective layer RFL2.

The first reflective layer RFL1is disposed on the first display layer DPL1, and the first display layer DPL1is disposed between the first reflective layer RFL1and the first substrate SUB1.

The second reflective layer RFL2is disposed on the second display layer DPL2, and the second display layer DPL2is disposed between the second reflective layer RFL2and the fourth substrate SUB4.

A detailed structure of the first reflective layer RFL1will be described in detail later, and a structure of the second reflective layer RFL2may correspond to that of the first reflective layer RFL1.

FIG. 6is a schematic plan view illustrating a portion of the display apparatus ofFIG. 5.FIG. 7is a sectional view taken along line II-II′ ofFIG. 6, which illustrates the first display layer and the first reflective layer.

Referring toFIG. 6, in the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure, the first substrate SUB1includes a light emitting area EA and a reflective area RA, and pixels60,70, and80are disposed in the light emitting area EA. An image may be displayed in the light emitting area EA, and an external image may be reflected in the reflective area RA.

Referring toFIG. 7, the first reflective layer RFL1is disposed on the first display layer DPL1, and includes a reflective pattern370, a fourth insulating layer385, and a sensing pattern390. According to an embodiment, an air layer or optional filler material may be formed between the first reflective layer RFL1and the first display layer DPL1. The first reflective layer RFL1may be in contact with the first display layer DPL1, and a buffer layer (not shown) may be provided between the first reflective layer RFL1and the first display layer DPL1.

The first display layer DPL1has already been described with reference toFIG. 3. However, the emitting layer330may be disposed in the light emitting area EA, and the pixel70may correspond to the region in which the emitting layer330is provided.

The first reflective layer RFL1includes a first transparent substrate350, the sensing pattern390, the fourth insulating layer385, and the reflective pattern370.

The first transparent substrate350is disposed on the counter electrode340. The first transparent substrate350may allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and include at least one of materials mentioned as the materials that may be included in the first substrate SUB1. The first transparent substrate350may be provided in a multi-layer, and the multi-layer may have a structure in which an organic layer including an organic material and an inorganic layer including an inorganic material are alternately stacked.

The sensing pattern390may be disposed between the counter electrode340and the first transparent substrate350, and be provided in the reflective area RA and the light emitting area EA. The sensing pattern390may have conductivity. Referring toFIGS. 6 and 7, the sensing pattern390may be provided to overlap with the pixel70. In some embodiments, referring toFIGS. 6 and 7, the sensing pattern390may be provided to overlap with the pixels60,70, and80.

The sensing pattern390may sense a touch position of a user. Also, the sensing pattern390may include a material having a constant reflexibility.

The fourth insulating layer385may be disposed between the counter electrode340and the sensing pattern390. The fourth insulating layer385may include an adhesive material.

The reflective pattern370may be disposed between the counter electrode340and the fourth insulating layer385, and be provided in the reflective area RA. The reflective pattern370may include a material having a constant reflexibility, and reflect external light incident into the first display layer DPL1from the outside. The reflective pattern370may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum, etc., or any alloy thereof), aluminum nitride, tungsten nitride, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, strontium ruthenium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, and gallium oxide. The reflective pattern370may have an opening380, and the opening380may be provided in the light emitting area EA. In some embodiments, the reflective pattern370may sense a touch position of the user. For example, a capacitance of the reflective pattern370may be changed by a touch of the user, and an external apparatus (not shown) connected to the reflective pattern370may determine that the touch has occurred in the reflective pattern370by sensing the capacitance. That is, the reflective pattern370may serve as a sensing electrode of a self-capacitance type. Referring toFIGS. 6 and 7, the reflective pattern370may be provided not to overlap with the pixel70.

FIG. 8is a view illustrating an embodiment of the reflective pattern ofFIG. 5.

Referring toFIGS. 5, 6, and 8, the reflective pattern370may be provided to surround the pixels60,70, and80, and be connected to the external apparatus (not shown) through a first connection line375. The first connection line375may include the same material as the reflective pattern370, and be provided on the same plane as the reflective pattern370. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The reflective pattern370may be provided in plurality.

FIG. 9is a view illustrating an embodiment of the sensing pattern390ofFIG. 7.

Referring toFIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 9, the sensing pattern390may be provided to overlap with the pixels60,70, and80, and be connected to an external apparatus (not shown) through a second connection line395. The second connection line395may include the same material as the sensing pattern390, and be provided on the same plane as the sensing pattern390. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The sensing pattern390may sense a touch position of the user. For example, a capacitance of the sensing pattern390may be changed by a touch of the user, and the external apparatus (not shown) connected to the sensing pattern390through the second connection line395may determine that the touch has occurred in the sensing pattern390by sensing the capacitance. That is, the sensing pattern390may serve as a sensing electrode of the self-capacitance type.

FIG. 10is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 10, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1, a first display layer DPL1, a second display layer DPL2, a first conductive pattern CP1, a second substrate SUB2′, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3′, a second conductive pattern CP2, a fourth substrate SUB4, a first buffer layer BF1, a second buffer layer BF2, a first conductive pad CPD1, and a second conductive pad CPD2. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 1will be omitted.

Like the second substrate SUB2(seeFIG. 1), the second substrate SUB2′ is disposed between the elastic layer EL and the first buffer layer BF1. An area of the second substrate SUB2′ is larger than that of first substrate SUB1.

Like the third substrate SUB3(seeFIG. 1), the third substrate SUB3′ is disposed between the elastic layer EL and the second buffer layer BF2. An area of the third substrate SUB3′ is larger than that of the fourth substrate SUB4.

The first conductive pad CPD1is provided on the same plane as the first conductive pattern CP1, and is connected to the first conductive pattern CP1. The first conductive pad CPD1may be connected to an external apparatus (not shown), and connect the external apparatus (not shown) and the first conductive pattern CP1to each other. The first conductive pad CPD1may include a bonding pad. The external apparatus (not shown) drives the first conductive pattern CP1.

The second conductive pad CPD2is provided on the same plane as the second conductive pattern CP2, and is connected to the second conductive pattern CP2. The second conductive pad CPD2may be connected to an external apparatus (not shown), and connect the external apparatus (not shown) and the second conductive pattern CP2to each other. The second conductive pad CPD2may include a bonding pad. The external apparatus (not shown) drives the second conductive pattern CP2.

FIG. 11is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 11, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1′, a first display layer DPL1′, a second display layer DPL2′, a first conductive pattern CP1′, a second substrate SUB2, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3, a second conductive pattern CP2′, a fourth substrate SUB4′, a first buffer layer BF1, and a second buffer layer BF2. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 1will be omitted.

Unlike the first substrate SUB1(seeFIG. 1), the first substrate SUB1′ has a first via hole.

Unlike the fourth substrate SUB4(seeFIG. 1), the fourth substrate SUB4′ has a second via hole.

The first conductive pattern CP1′ is connected to the first display layer DPL1′ through the first via hole. In addition, the first conductive pattern CP1′ is connected to an external apparatus (not shown) through the first via hole. The external apparatus (not shown) drives not only the first display layer DPL1′ but also the first conductive pattern CP1′.

The second conductive pattern CP2′ is connected to the second display layer DPL2′ through the second via hole. In addition, the second conductive pattern CP2′ is connected to an external apparatus (not shown) through the second via hole. The external apparatus (not shown) drives not only the second display layer DPL2′ but also the second conductive pattern CP2′.

FIG. 12is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 12, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1, a first display layer DPL1, a second display layer DPL2, a first conductive pattern CP1, a second substrate SUB2, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3, a second conductive pattern CP2, a fourth substrate SUB4, a first buffer layer BF1, and a second buffer layer BF2. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 1will be omitted.

In the embodiment shown inFIG. 12, the first conductive pattern CP1is provided with a plurality of first conductive patterns CP1-1and CP1-2that do not overlap with each other, and the second conductive pattern CP2is provided with a plurality of second conductive patterns CP2-1and CP2-2that do not overlap with each other.

Each of the first conductive patterns CP1-1and CP1-2and each of the second conductive patterns CP2-1and CP2-2are connected to an external apparatus (not shown).

During a preset period, the external apparatus (not shown) may supply a preset voltage or current level to the first conductive pattern CP1-1and the second conductive pattern CP2-2, and measure voltage and current levels of the first conductive pattern CP1-2and the second conductive pattern CP2-1. During the remaining period, the external apparatus (not shown) may supply a preset voltage or current level to the first conductive pattern CP1-2and the second conductive pattern CP2-1, and measure voltage and current levels of the first conductive pattern CP1-1and the second conductive pattern CP2-2. The preset period and the remaining period may be alternately performed.

A length of the preset period and a length of the remaining period may be sufficiently short as compared with a period in which a touch of the user is maintained. Voltage and current levels of the first conductive patterns CP1-1and CP1-2and the second conductive patterns CP2-1and CP2-2may be measured at least once during a period in which the user applies a touch.

FIG. 13is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 13, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate SUB1, a first display layer DPL1″, a first conductive pattern CP1, a first buffer layer BF1, a second substrate SUB2, an elastic layer EL, a third substrate SUB3, a second buffer layer BF2, a second conductive pattern CP2, a first transistor TFT1, and a fourth substrate SUB4. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 1will be omitted.

The first substrate SUB1may have a front surface and a rear surface, and have flexibility.

The fourth substrate SUB4is disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate SUB1. The fourth substrate SUB4may have a front surface and a rear surface, and have flexibility.

The first display layer DPL1″ is disposed on the rear surface of the first substrate SUB1, and is provided between the first substrate SUB1and the fourth substrate SUB4. The first display layer DPL1″ may include at least one of the pixel electrode290, the pixel defining layer310, the emitting layer330, and the counter electrode340in the first display layer DPL1shown inFIG. 3.

The first transistor TFT1may be disposed between the first display layer DPL1″ and the fourth substrate SUB4, and drive the first display layer DPL1″. The first transistor TFT1may include at least one of the first insulating layer150, the semiconductor device250, and the third insulating layer270in the first display layer DPL1shown inFIG. 3.

FIG. 14is a schematic plan view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 15is an enlarged view of portion A ofFIG. 14.

Referring toFIGS. 14 and 15, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate SUB, a pressure sensor SG, and pixels60′,70′, and80′.

The substrate SUB may be the substantially same as the first substrate SUB1(seeFIG. 1).

The pressure sensor SG may be provided on the substrate SUB, and have elasticity. The pressure sensor SG may include a strain gauge. When the pressure sensor SG includes a strain gauge, the portion A may include one end of the strain gauge. When a stress is generated, the strain gauge may be deformed, and a resistance value between both ends of the strain gauge may be changed as the strain gauge is deformed. Although only one pressure sensor SG is illustrated inFIG. 14, the pressure sensor SG may be provided in plurality, and the plurality of pressure sensors may be disposed at different positions in the substrate SUB. When a resistance value of one of the plurality of pressure sensors is changed, an external apparatus (not shown) connected to the pressure sensor SG may determine a position of a touch, based on the position of the pressure sensor of which resistance value is changed.

The pressure sensor SG may have a grid type pattern so as not to overlap with the pixels60′,70′, and80′. The grid type pattern includes a first pressure sensor line SGL1extending in a first direction DR1and a second pressure sensor line SGL2extending a second direction DR2intersecting the first direction DR1.

FIG. 16is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 16, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate SUB, a buffer layer BF, a display layer DPL, a rear reflective layer RFLB, a front reflective layer RFLF, and a pressure sensor SG.

The substrate SUB has a front surface and a rear surface. The substrate SUB may allow light to be transmitted therethrough, and have an insulation property. The substrate SUB may include at least one of materials mentioned as the materials that may be included in the first substrate SUB1(seeFIG. 1).

The buffer layer BF is disposed on the front surface of the substrate SUB. The buffer layer BF may be provided in a single layer or a multi-layer. When the buffer layer BF is provided in a single layer, the buffer layer BF may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer. The inorganic material may include at least one of a silicon compound and a metal oxide. When the buffer layer BF is provided in a multi-layer, each layer in the multi-layer may include the above-described organic material or an inorganic material.

The display layer DPL includes a first pixel electrode ELT1, a second pixel electrode ELT2, a counter electrode ELTF, and an emitting layer OL.

The first pixel electrode ELT1is disposed on the buffer layer BF. The first pixel electrode ELT1may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof) having ductility and a transparent conductive oxide (indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, etc., or any mixture thereof) having no ductility.

The second pixel electrode ELT2is disposed on the buffer layer BF. The second pixel electrode ELT2may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, gold, nickel, titanium, platinum, chromium, copper, etc., or any alloy thereof) having ductility and a transparent conductive oxide (indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, etc., or any mixture thereof) having no ductility.

The counter electrode ELTF is disposed on the first pixel electrode ELT1and the second pixel electrode ELT2. The counter electrode ELTF may include at least one of materials mentioned as the materials that may be included in the first pixel electrode ELT1.

The emitting layer OL may be disposed between the first pixel electrode ELT1and the counter electrode ELTF, and be disposed between the second pixel electrode ELT2and the counter electrode ELTF. The emitting layer OL may include at least one of light emitting materials that enable different colored lights (i.e., red light, green light, blue light, etc.) to be emitted therefrom. The emitting layer OL may include an organic material, and be provided in a single layer or a multi-layer. When current flows in the emitting layer OL, the emitting layer OL may emit light.

The rear reflective layer RFLB is disposed between the buffer layer BF and the first pixel electrode ELT1. The rear reflective layer RFLB may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum, etc., or any alloy thereof), aluminum nitride, tungsten nitride, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, strontium ruthenium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, and gallium oxide. The rear reflective layer RFLB reflects, in a front direction, light advancing in a rear direction among lights emitted from the emitting layer OL.

The front reflective layer RFLF is disposed on the counter electrode ELTF. The front reflective layer RFLF may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum, etc., or any alloy thereof), aluminum nitride, tungsten nitride, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, strontium ruthenium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, and gallium oxide. The front reflective layer RFLF reflects, in a rear direction, light advancing in a front direction among lights emitted from the emitting layer OL.

The pressure sensor SG is disposed on the front reflective layer RFLF.

FIG. 16may correspond to a sectional view obtained by cutting the pixels60′,70′, and80′ inFIG. 15. The pixels60′,70′, and80′ inFIG. 15may correspond to a region in which the rear reflective layer RFLB is formed inFIG. 16.

FIG. 17is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 17, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate SUB, a buffer layer BF, a display layer DPL, a rear reflective layer RFLB, a front reflective layer RFLF, a pressure sensor SG, a planarization layer FL, and a connection line CW. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 16will be omitted.

As compared with the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 16, the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 17further includes the planarization layer FL and the connection line CW.

The planarization layer FL is disposed over the counter electrode ELTF and the front reflective layer RFLF. The planarization layer FL may have an insulation property, and be provided in a single layer or a multi-layer. When the planarization layer FL is provided in a single layer, the planarization layer FL may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The organic material may include acryl-based polymer, imide-based polymer, arylether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluorine-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, and vinyl alcohol-based polymer. The inorganic material may include at least one of a silicon compound and a metal oxide. When the planarization layer FL is provided in a multi-layer, each layer in the multi-layer may include the above-described organic material or an inorganic material.

The pressure sensor SG is disposed on the planarization layer FL. The pressure sensor SG may overlap with the front reflective layer RFLF. In some embodiments, the pressure sensor SG may be disposed between the planarization layer FL and the front reflective layer RFLF.

The connection line CW may be disposed on the same plane as the pressure sensor SG and be disposed on the planarization layer FL. The connection line CW may not overlap with the rear reflective layer RFLB. At least one portion of the connection line CW may be connected to the pressure sensor SG.

Both ends of the pressure sensor SG may be connected to side surfaces of the substrate SUB, respectively. The side surfaces of the substrate SUB may be connected to an external apparatus (not shown). The pressure sensor SG may be connected to the external apparatus (not shown) through the connection line CW, and the external apparatus (not shown) may measure a voltage value between both the ends of the pressure sensor SG. In some embodiments, the connection line CW may allow light to be transmitted therethrough. In this case, the connection line CW may be provided to overlap with the rear reflective layer RFLB.

FIG. 18is a schematic plan view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 19is an enlarged view of portion A′ ofFIG. 18.

Referring toFIGS. 18 and 19, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate SUB, a reflective layer RFL, a pressure sensor SG and pixels60′,70′, and80′.

As compared with the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIGS. 14 and 15, the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIGS. 18 and 19further includes the reflective layer RFL. As described with reference withFIGS. 14 and 15, when the pressure sensor SG includes a strain gauge, the portion A′ may include one end of the strain gauge.

The reflective layer RFL may be formed on a portion of the substrate SUB, and overlap with the pressure sensor SG. The reflective layer RFL may allow at least some of lights emitted from the pixels60′,70′, and80′ to be transmitted to the outside (not shown) therethrough, and include a material having a constant reflexibility. A detailed structure of the reflective layer RFL will be described in detail later with reference toFIG. 20.

The substrate SUB may include a light emitting area EA and a reflective area RA, and the pixels60′,70′, and80′ may be disposed in the light emitting area EA.

FIG. 20is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 20, the display apparatus according to the still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate SUB, a buffer layer BF, a display layer DPL, a rear reflective layer RFLB, a front reflective layer RFLF, a pressure sensor SG, and a reflective layer RFL. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 16will be omitted.

As compared with the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 16, the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 20further includes the reflective layer RFL.

The reflective layer RFL includes a reflective pattern370, an insulating layer385, and a sensing pattern390.

The reflective pattern370may be disposed on the counter electrode ELTF, and be provided in the reflective area RA. The reflective pattern370may include a material having a constant reflexibility, and reflect external light incident into the display layer DPL from the outside. The reflective pattern370may include at least one of a metal (aluminum, silver, copper, molybdenum, etc., or any alloy thereof), aluminum nitride, tungsten nitride, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, strontium ruthenium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, and gallium oxide. In some embodiments, the reflective pattern370may sense a touch position of the user. For example, a capacitance of the reflective pattern370may be changed by a touch of the user, and an external apparatus (not shown) connected to the reflective pattern370may determine that the touch has occurred in the reflective pattern370by sensing the capacitance. That is, the reflective pattern370may serve as a sensing electrode of the self-capacitance type. An embodiment of the shape of the reflective pattern370has already been described with reference toFIG. 8.

The insulating layer385may be disposed on the reflective pattern370. The insulating layer385may include an adhesive material.

The sensing pattern390is disposed on the insulating layer385, and is provided in the reflective area RA and the light emitting area EA. The sensing pattern390may sense a touch position of the user. For example, a capacitance of the sensing pattern390may be changed by a touch of the user, and the external apparatus (not shown) connected to the sensing pattern390through the second connection line395may determine that the touch has occurred in the sensing pattern390by sensing the capacitance. That is, the sensing pattern390may serve as a sensing electrode of the self-capacitance type. The sensing pattern390may include a material having a constant reflexibility. An embodiment of the shape of the sensing pattern390has already been described with reference toFIG. 9.

In some embodiments, like the first reflective layer RFL1(seeFIG. 7), the reflective layer RFL may further include a transparent substrate (not shown) similar to the first transparent substrate350.

FIG. 20may correspond to a sectional view obtained by cutting the pixels60′,70′, and80′ inFIG. 19. The pixels60′,70′, and80′ inFIG. 19may be provided in the light emitting area EA inFIG. 20.

FIG. 21is a view illustrating a display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring toFIG. 21, the display apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate SUB, a buffer layer BF, a display layer DPL, a rear reflective layer RFLB, a front reflective layer RFLF, a pressure sensor SG, and a polarizing layer POL. For convenience of illustration, descriptions of portions identical to those described inFIG. 16will be omitted.

As compared with the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 16, the display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 21further includes the polarizing layer POL.

The polarizing layer POL is disposed on the counter electrode ELTF. The polarizing layer POL may include a circular polarizing plate. Here, the circular polarizing plate may include a polarizing plate (not shown) and a phase retardation plate (not shown). When light from the outside is reflected by at least one of the counter electrode ELTF, the front reflective layer RFLF, the first pixel electrode ELT1, and the second pixel electrode ELT2, the polarizing layer POL prevents the reflected light from reaching the user. As the polarizing layer POL is added, outside visibility can be improved.

The display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 21may further include the planarization layer FL shown inFIG. 17. The display apparatus according to the embodiment shown inFIG. 21may further include the connection line CW shown inFIG. 17.

FIGS. 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22Dare views illustrating embodiments of portable electronic apparatuses including the display apparatuses according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22Aillustrates an embodiment of a mobile phone1110including a display apparatus1120. The mobile phone1110may include at least one of a feature phone and a smart phone.

FIG. 22Billustrates an embodiment of a digital media player1210including a display apparatus1220. The digital media player1210may include an MP3 player, and the like.

FIG. 22Cillustrates an embodiment of a portable computer1310including a display apparatus1320. The portable computer1310may include a notebook computer, and the like.

FIG. 22Dillustrates an embodiment of a tablet computer1410including a display apparatus1420.

FIGS. 23A, 23B, and 23Care views illustrating embodiments of wearable electronic apparatuses including the display apparatuses according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23Ais a view illustrating an embodiment of an electronic apparatus worn by a user. The user1510may wear the electronic apparatus1520, determine an operation that the user1510desires by recognizing the position of a finger1530, and perform the determined operation. The electronic apparatus1520may include a glass type display.

FIG. 23Bis a view illustrating the electronic apparatus1520ofFIG. 23A. The electronic apparatus1520may include a display apparatus1521.

FIG. 23Cillustrates an electronic apparatus1600including a display apparatus1610.

The electronic apparatus1600may include a head mounted display (HMD) capable of being worn on the head of a user1620.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a display apparatus that provides visual information in various directions and measure a pressure of a touch.