Short arc lamp with improved manufacturability

A short arc lamp incorporates a cylindrical reflector body having a reflector cavity opening to a first end and an anode aperture through a base surface at a second end. The body has a step at the second end. A front sleeve with a step for positional engagement of a land is received over the first end of the reflector body. A cathode support is received within the second end of the front sleeve and includes a ring to engage a second oppositely oriented positioning step. A window mount received within the second end of the front sleeve abuts a front surface of the ring. A highly conductive base concentrically supporting an anode received through the anode aperture has a flange in flush abutment with the base surface for braze attachment.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to the field of short arc lamps and more particularly to an improved arc lamp with reduced parts count and improved manufacturability.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Short arc lamps provide intense point sources of light that allow light collection in reflectors for applications in medical endoscopes, instrumentation and video projection. Also, short arc lamps are used in industrial endoscopes, for example in the inspection of jet engine interiors. More recent applications have been in color television receiver projection systems.

A typical short arc lamp comprises an anode and a sharp-tipped cathode positioned along the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical, sealed concave chamber in a ceramic reflector body that contains xenon gas pressurized to several atmospheres. U.S. Pat. No. 5,721,465, issued Feb. 24, 1998, to Roy D. Roberts entitled Xenon Arc Lamp with Improved Reflector Cooling, U.S. Pat. No. 6,181,053 issued Jan. 30, 2001 to Roy D. Roberts entitled Three-kilowatt Xenon Arc Lamp and U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,867 issued Nov. 13, 2001 to Roy D. Roberts and Rodney O. Romero entitled Xenon Arc Lamp describe such typical short-arc lamps.

The manufacture of high power xenon arc lamps involves the use of expensive and exotic materials and sophisticated fabrication, welding, and brazing procedures. Reduction in parts count, assembly steps and tooling requirements provides cost savings and improved product reliability and quality.

Exemplary prior art arc lamps produced and sold under the CERMAX line of arc lamps are shown inFIGS. 1aand1b. The first lamp100comprises an optical coating102on a sapphire window104, a window shell flange106, a body sleeve108, a pair of flanges110and112, a three piece strut assembly114, a cathode116, an alumina-ceramic elliptical reflector body118, a metal shell or sleeve120, a copper anode base122, a base weld ring124, a tungsten anode126, a gas tubulation128, and a charge of xenon gas130. All of which are manufactured in brazed subassemblies which are welded together in a final assembly process. The second lamp200comprises an optical coating202on a sapphire window204, a window shell flange206, a body sleeve208, a gas-fill tabulation210for a charge of xenon gas212, a strut assembly214, a cathode216, a ceramic reflector body218, an anode flange220and a tungsten anode222.

It is desirable to reduce the parts count for manufacture of short arc lamps to reduce cycle time and improve yield. It is further desirable to eliminate tooling required for assembly and assure maximum accuracy in arc gap dimensions to assure consistent lamp operation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A short arc lamp with improved manufacturability incorporates a substantially cylindrical ceramic reflector body having a reflector cavity opening to a first end and an anode aperture through a base surface at a second end. The body has a step at the second end. A front sleeve is closely received at a first end over the first end of the reflector body. The sleeve first end has a step for positional engagement of a land on the first end of the reflector body. The second end of the sleeve has a second positioning step oriented in opposed relation to the first step. A cathode support is received within the second end of the front sleeve and includes a ring having a second land engaging the second positioning step. A window mount received within the second end of the front sleeve abuts a front surface of the ring. A highly conductive base concentrically supporting an anode received through the anode aperture has a flange in flush abutment with the base surface for braze attachment thereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the drawings,FIG. 2ashows the short arc lamp incorporating the present invention. A ceramic reflector body10has a reflector cavity12extending from a first end14. A second end of the body has an aperture16to receive an anode18. The anode is supported by a base20which has an axial bore22which closely receives a shaft24of the anode to concentrically align the anode with the aperture.

A front sleeve25with a first cylindrical end26is received over the first end of the reflector body. The sleeve incorporates a step28which engages a land30on the first end of the reflector body as best seen inFIG. 2b. A second cylindrical end32of the front sleeve receives the cathode support structure34and the window mount36. The cathode support includes a ring38which engages a second step40in the second end of the sleeve. The second step is oriented oppositely from the first step thereby providing an accurate dimensional reference for positioning of the cathode support structure with respect to the reflector body. A web42, which is conical in the embodiment shown in the drawings, interconnects the first and second cylindrical ends of the sleeve.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the window mount provides a U-shaped cross-section with an inner leg44closely receiving the window46which is of standard configuration made of sapphire for the embodiments disclosed herein. The outer leg48of the U closely engages the inner surface of the sleeve while the bottom of the U abuts the ring of the cathode support structure. Insertion of the ring into the sleeve to abut the step followed by insertion of the window mount to engage the ring urging it against the step and welding of the outer leg of the mount to the sleeve provides a subassembly with high dimensional accuracy. Inserting the reflector body into the sleeve until engaged by the first step automatically centers and axially positions the cathode within the reflector cavity without the use of centering tooling. This eliminates the potential occurrence of cathode damage or contamination during final assembly of the lamp. The sleeve is then brazed to the body to complete the assembly.

Base20supporting the anode is cylindrical with a flange50for engaging the rear surface52of the second end of the reflector body. The flange is brazed to the surface for structural assembly and may be accomplished at the same time as the sleeve brazing. Braze tooling is employed to center the anode and base. The anode is inserted into the base bore and bottoms out on the flat bottom of the bore. The simple structure allows gravity and tooling weight to hold the anode in place while the anode height and base depth define the assembly length. The geometry of the base allows simplified mechanical attachment of the heat exchanger, as will be described in detail subsequently.

The base is fabricated from material having high heat conduction capability. For exemplary embodiments, the base is copper or copper alloy such as OFHC copper or Glidcop, a registered alumina dispersed copper material from SCM Metal Products. In current embodiments, the anode is fabricated from pure tungsten. The configuration of the base allows for rapid heat conduction from the region of reflector body surrounding the anode aperture. The flange conducts heat transversely while the main portion of the base conducts axially.

The arrangement of the base and reflector body in the inventive lamp allows contact with a heat exchanger on multiple surfaces. As shown inFIGS. 3aand3b, a finned heat exchanger54has a first cylindrical surface56and step58which interface with the diametric surface60and transverse surface62of the step in the reflector body. Extending from the first cylindrical relief is a second smaller diameter cylindrical surface64with its associated step66. The cylindrical surface closely receives the main portion of the base while the step engages the back surface68of the flange. A thermal paste is employed for enhanced heat transfer between the flange, base and heat exchanger. In certain embodiments, the reflector body has a relief to receive the flange placing the back surface in alignment with the portion of the rear surface extending radially beyond the flange thereby allowing contact of the heat exchanger step66with the flange and rear surface. Alternatively, the heat exchanger step66has a relief to receive the flange again allowing contact with the heat exchanger along the complete radius. Structurally, the geometric arrangement of the stepped reflector body and base allows radial compressive clamping forces on the cylindrical portion of the base for securing the lamp in the heat exchanger.

Alternative forms of the cathode mounting structure are shown in detail inFIGS. 4a, bandc. The ring incorporates an integrally formed beam70. The beam extends across the diameter of the ring in a first embodiment as shown inFIG. 4awhile the beam is cantilevered, extending along a radius of the ring only to approximately the center of the ring in the embodiment shown inFIG. 4b. The cantilevered arrangement allows for thermal expansion of the mount without deformation of the beam. With either embodiment, the integral structure provides maximum heat conduction from the center of the beam where the cathode is mounted. Integral forming of the ring and beam is accomplished in alternative embodiments with powdered metal forming techniques. Metal injection molding and investment casting with EDM, laser or water jet machining to final dimensions are anticipated for initial embodiments.

FIG. 4cshows a simplified structure of the ring portion of the cathode support with a constant cross section of the ring as opposed to cylinder38aand flange38bof the configuration ofFIGS. 4aandb. The constant cross section provides additional conductive mass for heat transfer from the beam.

The cathode, as shown inFIG. 5employs a slot72which is received over the beam. Precision machining of the slot allows mounting of the cathode to the beam with minimal tooling and by employing a precise depth in the slot the positioning of the cathode with respect to the anode provides a precision arc gap when used in conjunction with the opposing steps on the sleeve as previously described.

The lamp in service is mounted with the axis of the lamp in a substantially horizontal position as shown inFIG. 6a. The vertical arrangement of the cathode support beam provides positioning for a getter74as shown inFIGS. 6aand6b. A getter such as the tablet getters produced by SAES Getters S.p.A. under part number ST 101/DF have been found suitable in various embodiments of the present invention. The convection stream within the lamp, represented by arrows76from the arc78, creates a very rapid flow across the getter to enhance extraction of contaminants from the gas resulting in longer life, less darkening of the window and easier ignition of the lamp.

Additionally as shown inFIGS. 6aand6b, the slotted attachment arrangement of the cathode in the present invention allows positioning of the cathode along the support. The tip of the cathode is placed slightly below the axis of the lamp (as exaggerated inFIG. 6afor clarity) to provide lifting of the arc by the convection flow whereby the arc is substantially centered on the lamp axis and the reflector axis80. For the embodiment shown in the drawings, the cathode is parallel to the axis and offset by the tip offset. In alternative embodiments, the cathode is angled slightly downward from the attachment slot at the cathode base opposite the tip on the center axis to the off axis position of the tip.

Having now described the invention in detail as required by the patent statutes, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications and substitutions to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Such modifications are within the scope and intent of the present invention as defined in the following claims.