Game apparatus and means for playing the same

A game apparatus for use in playing different color oriented type games utilizing dice-like colored game motivators wherein movement of a playing piece on a playing surface is determined and controlled by the cast of the motivators, the apparatus including a playing surface, a plurality of game playing pieces, and a pair of similar game playing motivators each including a dice-like member of cube shape defined by six surfaces arranged in opposed pairs, three of the surfaces each respectively having a different one of the primary colors of red, yellow and blue formed thereon, and the other three surfaces respectively having a different one of the secondary colors of orange, purple and green formed thereon, the motivators when rolled or cast like dice producing on their upper surfaces a plurality of different color combinations to control game moving options and movement of the playing pieces, including game options obtained by the combinations of two primary colors, combinations of primary and secondary colors, and the addition of other plays or moves obtained by the color combination of two different primary colors which result in a secondary color. The subject motivators may optionally be constructed so as to have different combinations of the various primary colors only on their surfaces.

The present invention relates to a game apparatus which employs the 
principles of color and color combinations as the motivator to affect game 
play and, more particularly, wherein novel game playing motivators in the 
form of cube-like members each having their respective faces colored by 
different ones of the primary only or of the primary and secondary colors 
are utilized in conjunction with other game apparatus to determine and 
control the play or movement of gameplaying pieces. The novel colored 
motivators change the number of possible game plays or game move options 
that are available as compared to conventional motivators and may also be 
utilized in a wide variety of different color selection type games and 
other activities. 
Many game playing motivators such as conventional dice, a spinner, the draw 
of cards or other similar devices as well as color cubes have been used in 
the past in the playing of a multitude of games to determine the play or 
movements a player is entitled to as a result of a cast of the dice or 
other similar motivators. Conventional dice and known color cubes, 
however, suffer from the disadvantage of being limited in the total number 
of game play possibilities that are available for each throw thereof. For 
example, conventional dice have six surfaces each with a different number 
of dots or other indicators or indica representing the possible 
combinations that can be produced for each turn or cast of the dice. By 
the same token, all known color cubes have had a random selection of 
different colors on their surfaces so that the total number of possible 
color combinations is limited to the number of colors on their respective 
faces and to combinations thereof but not to well known color combinations 
wherein the colors that turn up are combined in a well known way to 
produce a color that is different from either color that is displayed on 
the upside of each respective color cube. No known game motivators exist 
wherein the respective faces of each of two cube-like members is limited 
to being colored by different ones of the primary only or of the primary 
and secondary colors so as to increase the number of possible plays or 
moves that can be produced by each cast thereof as will be explained. This 
possibility for the present motivators makes it possible to use them in 
conjunction with other game apparatus to produce a greater number of 
possible plays or moves than are otherwise available from known motivators 
thereby increasing the game playing possibilities with a corresponding 
increase both not only in the game strategy for each respective turn but 
also in the overall interest in such a game. The closest known prior art 
to the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,561,592; 
1,595,906; 1,481,628; 3,506,267; 3,055,662; 3,450,408 and 2,672,344, and 
in Italian Pat. No. 456,477 and French Pat. No. 1,105,682. 
Furthermore, the prior art cube motivators for the most part work equally 
as well regardless of the colors used on their respective faces, whereas, 
the present motivators achieve their distinctive usefulness by limiting 
the colors used thereon to include the primary colors only or the primary 
and secondary colors only, and the present motivators will only function 
in accordance with these very specific color relationships or color 
formulas. The limitation to the primary and secondary colors as embodied 
in the present motivators teaches and produces new and useful results not 
found in the prior art including providing an increased number of 
potential plays or moves for each toss thereof. The same is not possible 
with other known devices including conventional dice and dice that use 
random colors other than the primary or the primary and secondary colors. 
In addition, by increasing the number of possible plays per toss or roll 
of the present motivators, the game strategy involved in playing a game 
controlled by such motivators can correspondingly be increased. 
The present game motivators can be utilized in a wide variety of color 
selection type games to affect board position, move or selection. In a 
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motivators are utilized 
in conjunction with a game apparatus that includes a game board or tray 
having a playing surface thereon which is divided into a plurality of 
individual adjacent areas disposed in a predetermined arrangement similar 
for example to a conventional tic-tac-toe or checkerboard design, and a 
plurality of colored playing pieces or objects for positioning and moving 
on the playing surface of the game board as determined by the cast of two 
color cubes or motivators. Each respective playing piece is colored by one 
of the primary or secondary colors and movement of the individual playing 
pieces is determined by the primary and/or secondary colors appearing on 
the upside of each game motivator after each throw thereof, the 
relationship between these colors being the working design that controls 
game play and determines game actions as will be hereinafter more fully 
disclosed. In addition, the above described game apparatus as well as all 
other color selection type games which utilize the present game playing 
motivators are designed primarily to be played competitively requiring 
that the players use their skills and abilities to recognize, distinguish, 
and combine colors to plan and execute their playing strategy. 
Additionally, the present motivators in conjunction with the various game 
apparatus with which they can be used offer the further possibility of 
teaching the primary and secondary colors and combinations thereof for 
educational and other purposes and can likewise be utilized to improve 
visual color recognition. It is also anticipated that the present game 
motivators can be utilized as the means for playing a variety of games 
including games that teach the basic colors and combinations thereof. 
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to teach the 
use of specifically colored dice-like motivators capable of producing a 
greater number of possible plays or moves from each throw thereof than 
prior motivators. 
Another object is to increase knowledge of colors and color combinations. 
Another object is to provide a relatively simple and easy to understand 
means for learning the basic colors and color combinations. 
Another object is to provide means to substantially increase the number of 
possible plays or moves obtained by throwing two multi-colored dice-like 
members. 
Another object is to provide a game apparatus which serves as an 
educational tool for the learning of colors while also providing an 
increased number of possibilities for moving game playing pieces. 
Another object is to provide novel game motivator means that can be used in 
the playing of a number of different games and other activities, which 
motivator means provide a greater number of possible playing options than 
are available from conventional dice and known color cubes. 
Another object is to provide means to expand on the strategy required to 
play certain games. 
Another object is to provide a game playing apparatus which is 
entertaining, exhilerating, and fun to play as well as one which tests the 
color perception of the participants. 
Another object is to provide a game apparatus which can be used to 
stimulate competition between the participants and which can also test and 
improve the relative color recognition and visual and mental skills of the 
participants. 
Another object is to provide a game apparatus which is relatively 
inexpensive and easy to manufacture. 
Another object is to teach the construction and operation of a relatively 
inexpensive yet versatile game that can be played and enjoyed by persons 
of all ages.

Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers, number 10 
identifies a cube-like member or motivator having six surfaces arranged in 
opposed pairs. The cube 10 has each of its various surfaces colored with a 
specific color for very specific purposes, and at least two similar cubes 
are required in order to achieve the desired results. The cube 10 has a 
first surface 12 which is colored yellow, one of the primary colors, a 
second surface 14 colored blue, another primary color, and a third surface 
16 colored red, the third primary color. The other three surfaces of the 
member 10, namely, surfaces 18, 20, and 22 are respectively colored by the 
secondary colors. For example the surface 18 is shown colored green which 
is the color obtained by combining the primary colors blue and yellow, the 
surface 20 is colored orange which is obtained by combining the primary 
colors red and yellow, and the surface 22 is colored purple which is 
obtained by combining the primary colors red and blue. The colors on the 
surfaces 12-22 can be arranged in any random manner so long as all of the 
primary and secondary colors are represented on different ones of the 
surfaces on each of the motivators. In addition, the cube 10 is a simple 
one piece balanced member which is constructed so as to equalize the 
possibility of each of its sides turning up when thrown on a playing 
surface. 
At least one other cube, not shown, similar to the cube 10, is required in 
order to take advantage of the present invention. The other cube has the 
same primary and secondary colors arranged on its respective surfaces as 
in the case of the cube 10 but the arrangement of colors may be similar or 
different so long as all the primary and secondary colors are present on 
respective surfaces of each cube. 
When a person plays a game using two of the cubes 10 as the motivators, as 
will be hereinafter more fully disclosed, he will throw them on a playing 
surface the same as if he were casting a pair of dice in order to 
establish his next move or play. Since the cubes 10 are similar balanced 
members, when thrown, each member may fall equally well with any one of 
its six faces appearing on the upside thereof and the probability of such 
an occurance for any particular face can be mathematically determined. The 
difference between the present cubes and the usual form of dice or color 
cubes is that with the present cubes it is possible to obtain a greater 
number of possible moves or plays for each toss thereof. This fact can 
also be used in determining the odds for the devices which will be 
different for some of the combinations than for others. For example, with 
the present cubes it is possible to obtain the usual number of possible 
combinations obtained by using two similar six sided cubes, each side of 
which has a different color on it, namely, thirty-six (36) possible 
combinations. It is also possible with the present cubes 10 to have two 
different primary colors turn up for each throw thereof giving six 
additional possibilities obtained by combining the primary colors to 
obtain the secondary color produced by mixing them. An example would be if 
a yellow and a red appeared on the upsides of the cubes this would result 
in the additional possible play or move of orange. This additional 
possibility is obtained by combining in a well known way the primary 
colors of yellow and red. The present cubes therefore provide the 
opportunity of establishing a greater number of possible moves or plays 
than would be achieved either by using numerical type dice or cubes which 
have colors on their surfaces other than primary and secondary colors. The 
odds for obtaining these additional play possibilities can also be 
determined mathematically. The use of two similar color cubes as explained 
provides a way to physically represent universal color formulas and 
equations that are as stable and as versatile as the mathematical formulas 
and equations which they parallel or represent. It is important to the 
present invention that a roll of a pair of game motivators such as the 
cubes 10 can potentially yield as many as forty two (42) possible plays or 
moves thereby changing the number of distinct possible options for each 
throw thereof. This increase in the total number of distinct play 
possibilities substantially enchances the options or strategy that can be 
used in playing a game utilizing the subject motivators and greatly 
increases game interest and game strategy as will be explained. 
FIGS. 4 and 5 show one embodiment of a color selection type game where the 
moves of the playing pieces on a playing surface are determined by the 
cast of two similar colored motivators such as the color cube 10. Number 
32 refers generally to a game apparatus including a game board 34 and a 
plurality of different colored objects or playing pieces identified 
generally by the numbers 36 and 38 for movement on the game board. The 
game board 34 has a playing surface 40 which is divided into a plurality 
of adjacent areas or squares 42 arranged similar to the grid 
characteristics of a tic-tac-toe, chess, checkers or other similar type 
game board. Nine adjacent areas are shown in the game board 34 of FIG. 4. 
Although the game board 34 is shown as having separate areas 42 which are 
substantially similar in shape to one another and which total in number 
only nine such areas, it is recognized that areas such as the areas 42 may 
differ in characteristic form from one another by having different 
geometric shapes, sizes, and/or different indicia thereon, including 
different color indicia that corresponds respectively to the colors on the 
faces of the cubes 10, and it is anticipated that the total number of the 
areas 42 may likewise be increased or decreased as desired. 
The objects or playing pieces 36 and 38 used in the playing of the game 32 
include any desired number of such groups of playing pieces, each of the 
groups having a plurality of similar but differently colored objects such 
that each respective player controls the movement of playing pieces in one 
of said groups. For example, one player controls the playing pieces 36 
which are shown in FIG. 5 as being cylindrical in shape, each playing 
piece 36 being colored respectively with one of the primary or secondary 
colors so as to correspond to the primary and secondary colors formed on 
the respective faces of each of the two cubes 10 as previously described. 
Similarly, another player controls the movement of the playing pieces 38 
which are shown for illustrative purposed as being cubical in shape, each 
piece likewise being entirely colored with one of the primary or secondary 
colors. Each group of the playing pieces 36 and 38 are shown as containing 
six individual pieces so that each piece may be colored by a different one 
of the primary and secondary colors. Like the separate squares or playing 
areas 42 on game board 34, the total number of playing pieces in each 
group may be increased or decreased as desired so as to change the number 
of pieces and the complexity and strategy of the game. It is to be 
understood also that many different geometric shapes can be used for the 
playing pieces in addition to those shown and within the scope of the 
present invention, and additional groups of similarly shaped pieces may be 
added to accomodate any desired number of players or teams of players. 
The method of play utilizing the above-described game apparatus and the 
game motivators 10 is as follows. The players agree in advance as to which 
group of similarly dimensioned playing pieces each player will control. 
The object of the particular game described is to capture all of the 
opponent's playing pieces from the game board, the sole player having only 
his playing pieces remaining on the game board at the end of the game 
being the winner. For convenience of explanation it is assumed that there 
are two players each controlling a group of six similarly dimensioned but 
differently colored playing pieces previously described and shown in FIG. 
5. Play is started by the first player rolling the color cubes and placing 
the two playing pieces that correspond to the colors that turn up on the 
color cubes in the starting positions or playing areas 42 on his side of 
the playing surface 34, such as by placing the playing pieces 36A and 36B 
thereon. Testing has shown that the best way to begin the game is to roll 
the color cubes and let them control the introduction of the playing 
pieces. If the roll of the color cubes produces two different primary 
colors, the player rolling the cubes has the further option to place one 
playing piece of the appropriate secondary color on the playing board. 
This possibility is available for the first and for all later moves or 
turns and contributes substantially to the strategy and skill of the game. 
It is also possible to commence play by having each player place one or 
more of his playing pieces on the playing surface before play starts 
although this generally is not preferred. Each playing piece is initially 
positioned in one of the separate playing areas 42 along the side of the 
playing surface in front of the player who rolled the color cubes. 
In order to determine which player will start the game each player will 
cast one color cube 10 (or 30) and the first player to call in advance the 
color that he rolls on his cube will begin play. Each player will then 
take his turn, in order, until the game is completed. The two color cubes 
10 (or 30) are then thrown or rolled like dice by each player in turn with 
the faces that turn up being read by all players at the same time and used 
to control play. 
The roll or cast of the color cubes determines the game plays or game move 
options that are available to the respective player as a result of the 
colors displayed on the upsides of the color cubes. If either or both of 
the colors on the upsides of the cubes 10, after being cast are the same 
as any of the three colored pieces previously placed in the starting 
positions on the game board, the player may move that corresponding piece 
or pieces to an adjacent unoccupied square. For example, if the roll of 
the cubes produces two primary colors yellow and blue, the player who cast 
the cubes may move either a yellow or a blue piece, if such are on the 
board, out of its starting position to an adjacent unoccupied playing area 
42 or if both corresponding yellow and blue pieces are positioned on the 
playing surface, both pieces may be moved to adjacent playing areas. In 
addition, color combinations may likewise be played such that if two 
different primary colors turn up on the color cubes 10, those colors 
enable an additional play or move possibility not otherwise obtainable. 
Thus, if the roll of the color cubes produces the two primary colors of 
red and yellow on their upsides, the possible moves or options would 
indicate a play based on either moving a red, yellow, or an orange playing 
piece. In like manner, if the roll produces the two primary colors of 
yellow and blue on the upsides, the player's options would include plays 
related to blue, yellow, or green; and if the roll of the color cubes 
produce the primary colors of red and blue on the upsides, play or options 
related to red, blue, or purple are possible. These additional 
possibilities are available because the two primary colors that turn-up 
are combinable in a well known way to produce a secondary color. If, after 
rolling the two color cubes 10, a player has no playing pieces 
corresponding to the colors shown on the upsides of the cubes and, in the 
case of two different primary colors, no playing pieces corresponding to 
the secondary color produced therefrom, no moves are possible and the next 
player takes his turn. Play can also be varied further by coloring the 
playing areas 42 and restricting movement of the color pieces 36 and 38 
relative thereto. It should be noted that the rules of play may be varied 
somewhat so as to increase or decrease the total number of moves allowed 
per toss of the cubes. 
Once a player has moved a playing piece off one of the playing areas 42 
designated as a starting position, he may then in turn bring one of his 
remaining reserve playing pieces, not already on the game board, into play 
on the now vacated starting playing area by rolling the color associated 
with a playing piece not already on the game board. In this manner, it is 
possible for a player to eventually have all of his playing pieces 
operative on the playing board thereby substantially increasing his 
opportunities for capturing his opponent's remaining pieces, 
In order to capture a playing piece of another player, using the game as 
disclosed, it is necessary for a player to maneuver at least one of his 
playing pieces to a position adjacent to one of his opponent's playing 
pieces. In other words, for a capture to occur two opposing playing pieces 
must be located on adjacent areas or squares 42 in any direction. Once the 
playing pieces are so maneuvered one of the players involved must roll the 
color cubes 10 so as to produce both the color of his playing piece and 
the color of his opponent's playing piece on the adjacent playing area. 
Once the two appropriate colors have been rolled, the respective player 
may then move his playing piece into the adjacent square containing his 
opponent's playing piece thereby capturing his opponent's piece and 
removing it from the playing board. Referring to FIG. 4, and assuming that 
the playing piece 36A is colored yellow and playing piece 38A is colored 
blue, then if either player in his turn rolls a yellow and a blue on the 
upside on the color cubes, this will entitle that player to move his 
yellow or blue playing piece into the square of his opponent's piece to 
capture it. This will depend upon the particular rules of play adopted 
prior to the start of the game. The player rolling the blue, and yellow 
cubes also has the other options of moving a blue, a yellow or a green 
piece one space or bringing a reserve piece into playing position if a 
vacant space is available. In this example, since playing pieces 36A and 
38A are positioned adjacent to each other, it would probably be 
advantageous to capture the opponent's playing piece by moving the yellow 
pieces 36A onto the square occupied by the opponent's blue piece 38A 
thereby removing playing piece 38A from play. Since the playing pieces 36B 
and 38A are also located adjacent to each other either player could 
capture the other player's piece by an appropriate roll of the cubes. It 
is important to recognize in the game as described that a player's playing 
piece may capture an opponent's playing piece only if the two playing 
pieces are first maneuvered into adjacent positions. If the playing pieces 
are not adjacent to one another in any direction, then a player may only 
move his corresponding piece or pieces to an adjacent unoccupied square as 
previously described. 
If a player has not taken advantage of his play options by moving his 
reserves onto the board 34, and in the process loses all of his playing 
pieces as originally positioned on the playing board, he has lost out and 
is not able to continue, and play will continue only between the remaining 
players until only one player remains with playing pieces on the board. 
The game 32 can be played by any desired number of players or teams of 
players, the number being limited only by the size and shape of the 
playing board 34 and the total number of differently groups or sets of 
playing pieces. It is anticipated that the playing board 34 can be 
expanded in size to include numerous additional playing areas or squares 
42 so as to accomodate four or more players, each player utilizing the 
squares along one side of the game board as his starting positions. In 
this regard it is recognized that the playing board 34 can be differently 
dimensioned to accommodate a desired number of players, such as by being 
square, hexagonal, octagonal, or any other polygonal shape. By expanding 
the size and shape of the game board and/or increasing the total number of 
players and/or playing pieces, the relative complexity of the game 
likewise increases making game strategy more difficult. 
It is important to note that the rules of play for the game 32 may also be 
substantially varied so as to increase or decrease the total number of 
moves allowed per toss of the cubes. For example, whenever two different 
primary colors are produced on the upsides of the cubes 10, a player may 
be allowed to move all playing pieces colored with either one of the two 
different primary colors and/or all the playing pieces colored with the 
secondary color produced by combining the primary colors. Alternatively, 
movement may be restricted such that a player is entitled to move only one 
playing piece for each different color displayed on the upside of each 
color cube and only one piece corresponding to a secondary color. As 
another alternative, movement can be restricted such that when the two 
primary colors are combined to move a playing piece corresponding to the 
resulting secondary color, only playing pieces colored with the secondary 
color can be moved and the remaining pieces colored with the two primary 
colors are not movable. This also prevents a playing piece of the 
secondary color when moved by combining primary colors from capturing 
another piece during that turn. This particular restriction increases the 
complexity and strategy of the game by forcing a player to elect between 
moving playing pieces corresponding to either one or both of the two 
different primary colors or playing pieces colored with only the secondary 
color produced by mixing the two primary colors. Similarly, the rules of 
play can likewise be varied so as to specify a specific number of playing 
pieces, if any, which can be initially placed in the starting positions at 
the start of play, and the rules of play controlling how a player's 
reserve pieces may be brought into play on the playing board may likewise 
be varied so as to increase or decrease game strategy. 
The present game represents one embodiment of the present invention wherein 
the game playing motivators 10 are utilized to determine and control game 
play. Another embodiment of the present invention illustrating the 
versatility of the subject motivators includes a game apparatus consisting 
of a plurality of colored blocks, such as the blocks or playing pieces 38, 
each block being colored with one of either the primary or secondary 
colors, and a pair of game motivators 10 wherein the respective faces of 
each of said motivators are colored as before by different ones of the 
primary and secondary colors. Before play begins, the colored blocks are 
randomly distributed onto the floor, table top, or other similar playing 
surface by one or more of the respective players. Each player then selects 
a single color block upon which to build a stack of colored blocks, the 
object of play being to build the tallest stack. The first player to roll 
the color of his selected block on the upside of a single color cube 
beings play. This player then rolls both cubes 10 and selects colored 
blocks that correspond in color to the colors on the upsides of the color 
cubes, including combinations produced therefrom when two different 
primary colors are exposed, placing those blocks that are selected on top 
of his previously selected block. For example, if a player rolls a red and 
a yellow on the upsides of the color cubes, he may choose a red, a yellow 
or an orange block, or any combination thereof depending upon the specific 
rules of play adopted at the start of play. If the upsides of the cubes 
are of the same color, the player may choose two blocks corresponding to 
that color. The remaining players take their turn in order. If, after the 
color cubes are rolled, there are no blocks left on the playing surface 
which are identical in color to that shown in the upsides of the color 
cubes and one of the opposing players has any one of the rolled colors as 
the color of the top block in his stack, the player that rolled that color 
may remove the block from his opponent's stack. The remaining players take 
their turn in order. Should a player overturn or tumble his stack of 
blocks for any reason during play, the fallen blocks are returned to the 
playing surface and play continues. The player who achieves the tallest 
stack when all of the blocks are removed from the playing surface is the 
winner. It should be noted that no game board is required in playing this 
particular color selection type game, and the rules of play may be varied 
as desired so as to increase or decrease the game complexity and strategy 
required. 
Although only two specific examples of color selection type games have been 
described, it is anticipated that the present game playing motivators may 
be utilized in the playing of many different games to determine and 
control game play or movement. In any game where the moves of a particular 
playing piece on a playing surface are determined by the cast of colored 
motivators such as the color cubes 10, it is possible during each turn to 
make a move of or to one or the other of the colors that are displayed on 
the upsides of the color cubes, and it is also possible to make a move 
that depends on a combination of the colors that turn up but only if those 
colors are two different primary colors. It may also be possible when two 
different primary colors are displayed on the upsides of the color cubes 
to attach some special award or penalty thereto such as to take a card 
that corresponds in color to the color obtained by combining the two 
primary colors that turn up. There are many other possibilities along 
these and other lines that can be obtained. The odds of two different 
primary colors turning up can also be determined mathematically and used 
for various gambling and other purposes. On the other hand, if a primary 
and a secondary color turn up when the cubes are cast, it is possible to 
provide a movement or other form of play between or to one of the 
indicated colors but it is not possible or practical to combine the colors 
to produce another meaningful color. It can therefore be seen that by 
using the present motivators in conjunction with various game apparatus, 
an increased number of possible plays are made possible for each cast of 
the cube members as compared to other known types of motivators. A person 
using the present game motivators therefore has the opportunity to develop 
greater skills and greater strategy of plays than otherwise would be 
possible and this greatly increases game interest. At the same time, the 
present color motivators teach a simple method of learning the basic 
colors and associated mixtures thereof which is particularly beneficial 
for teaching familiarity with color mixtures to children. The present game 
motivators can also be used in greater numbers to further increase game 
strategy and game play possibilities and to play a variety of other games. 
It is also possible as shown in FIG. 3 to construct the subject motivators 
30 to have different combinations of colors including only the various 
primary colors. This further changes the number of possible plays or moves 
obtainable by casting two such members and changes the playing odds and 
strategy. For example, each of the color cubes 30 can have two surfaces 
colored yellow, two surfaces colored blue, and two surfaces colored red. 
If this is done, when the subject cubes are thrown, there is a greater 
possibility of having two different primary colors turn up giving the 
option to the player of a play or move related to the primary colors and 
to a combination of the primary colors. The odds of having two different 
primary colors turn up when the cubes are constructed in this manner are 
different than in the case where each cube has all of the primary and 
secondary colors as in the construction 10 explained above. There may also 
be occasions when two or more primary only colored cubes can be used to 
play a game or for some other purpose, and it is also possible to further 
change the number of possible plays or moves by interchanging the number 
of sides of the cubes 30 that have each of the different primary colors on 
them. For example, a cube 30 could be constructed to have one yellow 
surface, two blue surfaces, and three red surfaces or other like 
combinations of the primary colors. Such a construction affords the 
possibility of even other probabilities for certain combinations thereby 
enabling changing of the odds that certain colors or color combinations 
will turn up. It should also be noted that the subject cubes 30 and all 
variations thereof may likewise by utilized in all embodiments of the 
present invention. It is also contemplated to use one or more cubes with 
only primary colors thereon with cubes that have both primary and 
secondary colors to further change that odds. 
Thus there has been shown and described a novel game apparatus that 
includes game and/or gambling motivators including at least two colored 
cubes each having a different primary or secondary color on each of its 
respective surfaces, or different combinations of the various primary 
colors only on its surfaces, which cubes are utilized to effect and 
control game play, said game apparatus and motivators fulfilling all of 
the objects and advantages sought therefor. It will be apparent to those 
skilled in the art, however, that the present games and game motivators 
are not limited to use with any particular game or type of gambling, but 
can be used with many different color selection type games and for other 
uses as well including for games of chance to change or modify the odds 
and increase the number of possible plays for each toss thereof. All 
changes, modifications, variations and other uses, purposes and 
applications for the subject games and game motivators which do not depart 
from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the 
invention which is limited only by the claims which follow.