Apparatus to facilitate shearing and allied operations on animals

The invention relates to an apparatus for restraining an animal, comprising (1) an animal receiving table pivotable between a substantially vertical position and a working position which is spaced above the ground, and (2) an animal restraint pad associated with the table and adapted to be moved in both the vertical position and the working position between an open position and a position whereby it can restrain an animal against the table. The invention also relates to a method for restraining the animal.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to animal husbandry and in particular to apparatus 
to assist in the shearing and care of fibre producing animals. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Certain animals and in particular alpacas and llamas, require particular 
techniques and attention during the shearing process and also when 
attending to minor items such as trimming toe nails, inspection of teeth 
and the like. The shearing of sheep requires a different technique from 
that required for shearing, for instance, alpacas or llamas. To shear a 
sheep, the shearer generally sits the sheep on the floor and stands 
astride the sheep for much of the shearing process. This is not possible 
when shearing alpacas and llamas for example, because an alpaca or llama 
is considerably larger than a sheep and because of the basic temperament 
of these animals. The size of the animal also means the shearer must adopt 
what is often an uncomfortable posture which can lead to physical strain 
and early fatigue. 
When shearing sheep, the fleece is generally allowed to fall onto the floor 
where it is liable to pick up contamination such as debris and the like 
that may lie on the floor and that contamination has to be separated from 
the fleece at a later date. Further, allowing alpaca and llama fibre to 
fall to the floor causes fibre from the different parts of the animal 
having different grades to become mixed. Because of the higher cost of 
alpaca and llama fibre, it is sound practice to avoid as much as possible 
the risk of such contamination and also to avoid mixing fibre of different 
grades. 
It is apparent that a method and apparatus by which an animal, particularly 
an alpaca, can be captured and restrained will considerably facilitate the 
task of shearing and of attending to other items referred to above. 
Other desirable requirements are to improve the quality control, to ensure 
the safety of the animal and to facilitate the whole operation and in 
particular to enable the animal to be sheared without unduly stressing the 
animal. 
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an apparatus and/or 
method that will minimise the above disadvantages and enable desirable 
advantages to be obtained. 
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
Accordingly, one form of the invention may be said to comprise apparatus to 
restrain an animal, comprising: 
an animal receiving table pivotable between a substantially vertical 
position and a working position (usually a substantially horizontal 
position) which is spaced above the ground, and 
an animal restrain pad associated with the table and adapted to be moved in 
both the vertical position and the working position between an open 
position and a position whereby it can restrain an animal against the 
table. 
Preferably the animal restraint pad comprises a frame and a cushion so 
constructed that the pad can be pivoted between a restraining position in 
which the cushion will lie adjacent to and substantially parallel to the 
table, or pivoted to an open position in which the cushion is spaced form 
the table. 
Preferably means such as ties or straps are provided which are attachable 
to the legs of an animal placed on the table in its working position, and 
the restraint pad is moved to its open position to allow access to the 
animal. 
Preferably means are provided to enable the animal to be turned over on the 
table. 
Another form of the invention comprises a method for shearing an animal 
comprising: 
restraining an animal between a table top in a substantially vertical 
position and a restraint pad associated with the table top; 
pivoting the table top to a working position spaced above the ground, the 
animal remaining restrained on the table top due to restraint by the 
restraint pad; 
moving the restraint pad to a position leaving the animal accessible to a 
shearer; and 
shearing the animal while on the table top.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the table has two legs 1 which are joined in a 
spaced apart relationship by a hollow mandrel (not shown) which can rotate 
in sleeves 3 fixed to the legs. The mandrel includes a support frame 4 
which is fixed to the mandrel so that when the mandrel rotates in the 
sleeves 3, the frame will rotate with the mandrel. A sheet of rigid 
material such as plywood or other suitable weather-proof material is 
attached to the table support frame to form a table 5. The arrangement is 
such that the table top can be pivoted between the loading or unloading 
position indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a working position indicated in 
FIGS. 3 and 4. Locking means, not shown in the drawings, are provided so 
that when the table is pivoted to the working position as indicated in 
FIGS. 3 and 4, the work surface of the table will be essentially 
horizontal and the means can then be operated to maintain the table in 
that position or release the table from that position. 
An axle 7 passes through the sleeve 3 and through the bore of the mandrel 
to extend out of either end of the mandrel. An operating lever 8 is 
attached to the axle 7 at one end of the axle and a slave lever 9 is 
attached to the other end of the axle 7 in a manner that the operating 
lever 8 and the slave lever 9 will extend substantially radially from 
either end of the axle 7. Consequently when either the operating level 8 
or the slave lever 9 is moved, both levers will move simultaneously. 
The apparatus also includes an animal restraint pad 12 which consists of a 
frame 13 which can conveniently be formed from metallic tubing or the like 
and which is of an essentially rectangular form and is so shaped that it 
can receive and retain a cushion 14. Preferably the cushion 14 comprises a 
resilient core, of for instance a foamed plastic material, which is 
suitably covered by a hard-wearing material such as sheet plastics (eg 
vinyl) or the like which fully envelopes the core. The animal restraint 
pad also includes an overhead gantry 16 which includes an extension 17 
which can co-operate with a hold-down tie 18 which may conveniently be a 
rope or the like, one end of which can be attached to the table so that 
the tie 18 can be clipped to the extension 17 by means of a jam cleat or 
the like such as is known in the art. 
The other end of the frame 13 is attached to a lifting frame 20 which is 
pivoted to stanchions 21 which project from the table support frame. The 
lifting frame includes a handle extension 22 which is so constructed that 
when weight is exerted on the outer end of the handle extension, the 
animal restraint pad 12 can be pivoted to the raised position shown in 
FIG. 4 or can be lowered to the position shown in FIG. 3. When in the 
raised position, a tie rope (not shown in the drawings) can be connected 
between the handle extension 22 and the frame to retain the pad in the 
raised position. To lower the restraint pad, the tie rope is released from 
the handle extension and the frame 13 with the cushion can be lowered. 
When in the position shown in FIG. 3 and when an animal is to be 
restrained on the table as will be further described later, the pad can be 
retained in that position by applying the hold-down tie 18 to the 
extension 17 to thereby retain pressure of the animal restraint pad 
against the animal in a manner indicated in FIG. 3. 
To utilise the apparatus, the table is pivoted to the loading/unloading 
position as indicated in FIG. 1 and the animal restraint pad is moved to 
the open position which is also shown in FIG. 1. The animal to be treated 
is led into the area between the animal restraint pad 12 and the table 5 
and is positioned as indicated in FIG. 1. The animal restraint pad 12 is 
then closed against the animal such as by pulling on the extension 17 
until the animal is snugly imprisoned between the tabletop 5 and the 
animal restraint pad. The hold-down tie 18 is then attached to the 
extension 17 to retain the pad against the animal. When in this position, 
the table 5 can be manually rotated so the animal is lifted off the ground 
and the table will then adopt the working position shown in FIG. 3. The 
means to lock the table in this position can be made to operate either 
automatically or manually. 
The front legs of the animal are then restrained by attaching a leg rope 25 
to the animal's legs and attaching the other end of the rope to a cam 
cleat 26 which is located on the operating lever 8. The rear legs of the 
animal are similarly restrained by a leg rope 27 which is attached by 
means of a cam cleat to a slide 28 which is located on a cross-member 29. 
Sufficient slack is taken out of the leg ropes 25 and 27 that movement of 
the legs of the animal is restrained without exerting strain on the 
animal. 
When the legs of the animal have been secured, the hold-down tie 18 is 
released and the animal restraint pad is pivoted upwardly to the raised 
position indicated in FIG. 4. When in this position the animal will tend 
to lie quietly on the table, and the shearing operation or other animal 
care can proceed. To turn the animal from the side on which it is lying to 
the other side, the slide 28 is grasped and is pulled towards the other 
end of the cross-member 29. Since the slide 29 is connected to the slave 
lever 9, this will pivot the slave letter 9 which is attached to the 
operating lever 8 through the axle 7 and this movement will lift the 
animal's legs and will tend to rotate the animal on the table. At this 
stage, it is desirable for an operator to assist the animal by holding its 
head to ensure the rotation of the animal is comfortable for the animal. 
Alternatively the head may be strapped down (not shown). 
When the care of the animal is complete, the animal restraint pad is again 
lowered to the position shown in FIG. 3 and the hold-down tie operated to 
retain the pad in that position. The table lock mechanism can then be 
released so that the table can be rotated to the vertical position as 
indicated in FIG. 2. When the animal is standing on its feet, the 
hold-down tie can be released from the extension 17 to thereby allow the 
animal restraint pad to be pivoted away from the table to allow the animal 
to move free of the table. 
The particular advantages of the mechanism described are that a minimum 
amount of energy is required to place the animal on the table because the 
animal is able to walk into the area bounded by the tabletop and the 
animal restraint pad 12. Once in that position, the restraint pad is 
clamped closed and it is merely necessary to rotate the table to lift the 
animal to a convenient position. As is apparent from the drawings, the 
size of the table and the point of pivoting of the table is arranged that 
when the animal is standing against the table or it is lying on the table, 
the centre of gravity of the animal will essentially correspond with the 
point of pivoting. Consequently the rotation of the table with the animal 
restrained by the restraint pad between the loading/unloading position and 
the working position is facilitated. Because of the height of the table 
above the ground, when it is in the working position, the shearing and 
other operations that need to be undertaken are greatly facilitated 
because the person doing the shearing or other work on the animal is able 
to work at a convenient height. 
As indicated in FIGS. 1 to 4 the table is preferably of a larger size than 
the animal so that any fibres shorn from the animal can be placed on or 
allowed to drop on the table where they can be removed for grading, 
storage and the like. Because the fibres do not contact the ground, the 
likelihood of contamination of the fibres by debris is minimised. 
Preferably means are provided to assist in the stability of the table. One 
such means, although not shown in the drawings, would consist in passing 
spikes or the like through or onto the bases of the legs of the table and 
into the ground. A counter-weight 23 can be hooked to the underside of the 
table to counter the tendency of the weight of the animal to tilt the 
table. 
As a result of the invention, the animal is maintained in a highly 
accessible position which can be adjusted to for instance waist height of 
the shearer, to thereby allow the shearer the maximum freedom in the 
shearing operation with a minimum strain of the back and the knees of the 
shearer. Furthermore because of the nature of the table on which the 
animal is lying and of the relative size of the table in comparison with 
the animal, contamination of the cut fibres is minimised while the 
separation and grading of the fibres is facilitated. 
FIG. 5 shows a variant of the above embodiment of the invention for use 
with larger animals. The tabletop 30 pivots about axles which are at each 
end of the table. The axles are held in position by supports 31 and 
project outwards centrally from each end of the tabletop 30 above the 
level of the tabletop (when horizontal). The axles are received by sleeves 
32 on the legs of the table 33. The mechanism for turning over the animal 
uses a rod 34 which passes beneath the table which is joined to axles 35 
and 36 which pass through the legs at each end of the table at 
approximately the same height as the table top. The rod passing beneath 
the table is parallel and continuous with the axles 35 and 36 and offset 
by bends so as to pass under the tabletop 30. The ends of axles 35 and 36 
projecting outwards from the table are joined to a slave lever 37 and an 
operating lever 38 which may be used to turn the animal in the same manner 
as used with the apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 4. 
FIGS. 6 to 8 illustrate a further embodiment of the invention. At each end 
of the apparatus there are legs 41. These are pivotally attached at each 
end to a rectangular frame consisting of end pats 50 and 51 and side parts 
52. The end parts 50 and 51 each have an axle projecting outwards 
centrally to pivotally connect with the legs 41. One end part 51 is 
hingedly joined to the two side parts 52 in such a manner that the side 
parts may pivot outwards from the rectangle when freed from the other end 
part 50. 
The animal is held in position by a pair of padded walls 42 attached to the 
side part 52 of the rectangle frame. Each restraining wall 42 is padded on 
its inner side. One restraining wall 42 and the attached side part of the 
rectangular frame may be swung outwards when freed from its connection 
with end part 50 of the rectangular frame. This allows entry of the animal 
to the apparatus. The restraining wall 42 is returned to the closed 
position to restrain the animal. Once an animal is firmly restrained the 
restraining walls 42 may be rotated from a vertical position (FIG. 7) to a 
horizontal position with the animal firmly restrained between them. At 
this point the feet and neck of the animal may be tied down. Once an 
animal has been tied down the upper restraining wall 42 may be released 
and pivoted from the end at which the frame side part 52 is hingedly 
attached to allow access to the animal (see FIG. 8). The lower restraining 
wall 42 can now function as a table top. Shearing of one side of the 
animal may then take place. Then the wall 42 may be returned to the 
restraining position. The pair of padded walls 42 may be rotated through 
180 degrees so that the other wall 42 may be released in the same manner 
as the first so as to allow shearing of the other side of the animal. 
Turning of the padded walls is achieved using a lever 43 attached to an 
axle 44 when the ends of the side parts 52 and the end part 50 of the 
rectangular frame are attached by using spring bolts 45. The bolts 45 on 
side parts 52 are received in holes 46 in the end part 50 of the 
rectangular frame. There are a plurality of holes 46 so that the gap 
between the two padded walls may be varied. When a spring bolt 45 is 
latched into an open position using catch 54, a padded wall 42 can be 
opened from the apparatus. This will take place either when the walls 42 
are vertical to allow entry or exit of an animal or in the horizontal 
position. When the restraining walls 42 are horizontal the upper wall is 
released so that it can be pivoted out of the wall to allow access to the 
animal. 
To assist in closing the walls on an animal a rope 55 is attached to a bolt 
47 protruding from a side part 52 of the rectangular frame and passed 
around a pulley 48 located centrally on the end part 50 of the rectangular 
frame and through a fixed cleat 49 and from there to a jam cleat 56 on the 
shaft of the lever 43. The shaft of the lever 43 is attached so that it 
may be pivoted outwards thus providing leverage for pulling on the rope to 
close the padded wall on an animal. The apparatus is provided with locking 
means (not shown in the drawings) so that when the walls 42 are pivoted to 
a working position (FIG. 8) the surface of the table will be reversibly 
locked into position. 
This apparatus has the disadvantage that both surfaces functioning as table 
tops are padded but has advantages for use with larger animals. 
Having read the specification, it will be apparent to those skilled in the 
particular art that various modifications and amendments can be made to 
the specific embodiments described. All such amendments and modifications 
are intended to be included within the scope of the accompanying claims.