Combined fill and relief valve

A combined fill and relief valve is provided for a fluid chamber containing grease under pressure relative to surrounding atmosphere. The valve includes a housing having a longitudinal bore, the longitudinal bore including an inlet and an outlet. The housing also includes a transverse relief port in fluid communication with the atmosphere. A grease fitting is fixed to the housing against relative movement and is in fluid communication with the longitudinal bore. A fill valve assembly is fitted in the longitudinal bore and selectively permits flow therethrough from the inlet to the outlet. A relief valve assembly is fitted in the longitudinal bore and controls fluid passage between the outlet and the relief port.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to fluid fill and relief valves. More 
specifically, the invention relates to an assembly combined fill and 
relief valve contained within a singular housing. 
2. Description of Related Art 
Fill valves are commonly configured as simple check valves which permit 
fluid flow in one direction (e.g., from inlet to outlet) but not in the 
reverse. Such valves are provided with inlet and outlet ports and function 
generally to permit fluid flow therethrough from inlet to outlet when the 
pressure at the inlet exceeds that at the outlet (an additional amount of 
pressure may be needed to overcome a small spring force used to bias the 
valve closed), and to prevent fluid flow therethrough from outlet to inlet 
when the pressure at the outlet exceeds that at the inlet. Use of a 
check-type fill valve alone may be inadequate because the pressure of the 
fluid introduced to a fluid chamber to which the valve is coupled may 
exceed the limitations of the fluid chamber. For this reason check-type 
fill valves are often used in conjunction with a separate relief valve. 
Relief valves are designed to prevent backflow from the outlet until 
pressure on a valve element overcomes a force biasing the valve element 
against a valve seat, after which the valve opens, releasing pressure so 
that pressure of fluid in the fluid chamber may be maintained at or below 
a desired maximum pressure. Therefore, the use of a relief valve in 
conjunction with a fill valve allows pressure to build within the fluid 
chamber to a desired level while preventing damage to the fluid chamber to 
which the valve is attached by allowing excess fluid to be vented. 
Some configurations of a fluid chamber and some environments present space 
limitations which prevent the use of separate fill and relief valves. 
Where there is only room for one valve, a fill valve may be used to 
prevent backflow of fluid from outlet to inlet. However, use of a fill 
valve alone will allow a buildup of fluid pressure within the fluid 
chamber until some component of the valve or fluid chamber fails. The 
fluid chamber may be designed to fail at a pre-set maximum pressure, but 
replacement of a failed fluid chamber represents an expensive and 
time-consuming process which might be eliminated with the inclusion of a 
relief valve. 
The combination of fill and relief valves in a single housing is known. For 
example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,004,986, the disclosure of which is hereby 
incorporated by reference, shows a safety valve for pneumatic tires which 
is designed to prevent explosion of a tire due to excessive air pressure. 
Two valves are provided in a single casing. The mechanism includes a valve 
stem which is slidable so that, upon actuation of the relief valve, a 
portion of the valve stem is slid to the exterior of the casing and 
exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. The valve stem returns when the 
excess pressure is abated. Such a valve is not viable in a dirty 
environment because contaminants such as dirt particles are likely to be 
introduced which may affect the proper function of the valves. Also, the 
axial movement of the valve stem outside the housing is undesirable 
because the stem may more easily be broken off. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,626, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by 
reference, teaches a combined fill and relief valve. The fill valve is 
spring-biased toward an open position as shown in FIG. 1, so that dirt or 
other contaminants may more easily be introduced. Also, the valve elements 
are of complex shape including "nipple-like protrusions" and complementary 
depressions. 
These and other conventional valves which combine relief and fill check 
functions are not suitable for applications in dirty environments. A 
further shortcoming of conventional valves is their failure to provide 
features to prevent sudden loss of pressure as the valve is removed 
Therefore the use of such a valve with grease, for example, presents a 
possibility of an undesirable sudden expulsion of grease or the valve 
housing itself (possibly toward the operator) when the valve is unseated 
from the fluid chamber. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a combined fill and 
relief valve which is of simple construction and will perform its 
operation reliably with reduced risk of breakage and contamination. 
It is also an object of the invention to provide such a valve which will 
automatically vent excess pressure as the valve is removed from a fluid 
chamber. 
The present invention provides a combined fill and relief valve for 
providing grease to a fluid chamber under pressure. Relief and fill valve 
assemblies are combined in singular compact housing, each functioning 
independently. The fill valve assembly allows a fluid chamber to which the 
valve is coupled to be pressurized with fluid, while the relief valve 
assembly prevents pressure within the fluid chamber from exceeding a 
desired preset level. Movement occasioned by performance of fill and 
relief functions is confined within the housing. The valve provides 
automatic pressure relief through a transverse relief port when pressure 
exceeds a force biasing the relief valve assembly closed. In a preferred 
embodiment of the invention, pressure relief is also prompted when the 
valve is removed from the fluid chamber, helping to prevent undesirable 
consequences of a more sudden release of pressurized fluid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
A first embodiment of a combined fill and relief valve 2 is depicted in 
FIG. 1 and comprises a housing 4 having an longitudinal bore 6 into which 
a hollow relief valve element 8 is slidably fitted. A fill valve assembly 
10 is provided at an enlarged diameter section 12 of the hollow relief 
valve element 8 at the outlet end of the relief valve element 8. The fill 
valve assembly 10 includes a fill valve element 16 (a check ball) seated 
against a tapered fill valve seat 18 (a shoulder formed at the inner end 
of the enlarged diameter section 12). A spring 22 seats against a 
press-fit member 24 at the outlet end of the relief valve element 8 and 
biases the fill valve element 16 toward the fill valve seat 18. A 
transverse relief port 26 extends through the housing 4. 
A tapered relief valve seat 28 is formed at a transition of the 
longitudinal bore 6 to a smaller diameter portion 30. A relief valve 
spring 32 is compressed by a threaded fitting 34 to set a desired relief 
pressure. The threaded fitting 34 holds a resilient seal 36 in a recess 
38. Adjustment of the threaded fitting 34 determines the force of the 
spring 32 which must be overcome to unseat the relief valve element 8 from 
the relief valve seat 28. 
A standard grease fitting 40 is threaded into the housing 4 at an inlet 42. 
The grease fitting 40 may contain an internal check valve, although check 
valves in standard grease fittings are generally not designed for high 
pressure applications. Therefore, the fill valve assembly 10 provided in 
this embodiment will generally not be merely redundant. 
The transverse relief port 26 is insulated from fluid communication with a 
hollow portion 14 of the relief valve element 8 so that the relief port 26 
is inaccessible to fluid passing from the inlet 42 to the outlet 30 
through the relief valve element 8. 
A fluid fill path extends longitudinally from the inlet 42 through the 
hollow bore 14 of the relief valve element 8 one-way communication of 
fluid is permitted by the fill valve assembly 10 to the outlet 30. 
A relief path is defined by the portion of the bore 6 external to the 
relief valve element 8, and the transverse relief port 26. When the force 
on relief valve element 8 due to the pressure in a fluid chamber to which 
the valve 2 is coupled exceeds the force of the relief spring 32, the 
relief valve element 8 will slide upward as seen in FIG. 1. The relief 
valve element 8 is thereby disengaged from the relief valve seat 28, 
allowing fluid to flow from the fluid chamber to the atmosphere. When 
pressure in the fluid chamber is relieved so that the farce of the relief 
valve spring 32 overcomes the pressure in the fluid chamber, the relief 
valve element 8 will be forced downward into sealing engagement with the 
relief valve seat 28 to prevent further loss of pressure from the fluid 
chamber. 
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a combined fill and relief valve 50. A 
housing 52 has a longitudinal bore 54 into which a relief chamber sleeve 
56 is press fit. A relief valve member 58 is press fit into the relief 
chamber sleeve 56 at the outlet 59 of the housing 
A relief valve assembly 60 is shown in its closed position and comprises a 
relief valve element 62 sealingly engaged with a relief valve seat 64 at 
an inner end of the relief valve seat member 58. The relief valve element 
62 is held in place by a relief valve element guide 64 having a diameter 
smaller than an interior diameter of the relief chamber sleeve 56 to 
provide a clearance therebetween. The relief valve element guide 64 is in 
turn biased against the relief valve element 62 by a relief valve spring 
66. The relief valve spring 66 is compressed by an externally threaded 
relief valve adjustment head 68 having a slot 70 adapted for receiving a 
screwdriver head for setting the position of the relief valve adjustment 
head 68 along a threaded portion 72 of the relief chamber sleeve 56. A 
relief chamber 74 comprises a volume defined by the relief chamber sleeve 
56, the relief valve seat member 58 and the relief valve adjustment head 
68. Above the relief valve adjustment head 68 as seen in FIG. 2 is 
positioned a fill valve base 76 which rests on a shoulder 78 formed at the 
inner end of the threaded portion 72 of the relief chamber sleeve 56. 
A transverse relief port 80 extends through the housing 52 and the relief 
chamber sleeve 56 so that the relief chamber 74 may be in fluid 
communication with the atmosphere. As may be seen in FIG. 3, the relief 
chamber sleeve 56 is configured as a rounded square, providing four fill 
channels 82 between the relief chamber sleeve 56 and the housing 52 and 
isolated from fluid communication with the transverse relief port 80. 
A fill valve assembly 84 is positioned on the fill valve base 76 and 
comprises a tapered fill valve spring 86, a fill valve element 88 
(configured as a spherical check ball) and a hollow fill valve seat 90. 
The fill valve seat 90 pressed against a shoulder 92 in a hollow fill 
valve adjustment sleeve 94. The fill valve adjustment sleeve 94 has 
external threads which engage a threaded portion 96 of the longitudinal 
bore 54 of the housing 52. The fill valve spring 86 biases the fill valve 
element 88 into sealing engagement with the fill valve seat 90 so that the 
fill valve assembly 84 is shown in a closed position. The pressure 
required to disengage the fill valve element 88 from the fill valve seat 
90, opening the fill valve assembly 84, may be set by threading the fill 
valve adjustment sleeve 94 into or out of the housing 52 (changing 
compression on the fill valve spring 86). This adjustment may be 
accomplished using a standard hexagonal wrench inserted in an internally 
hexagonal portion 98 of the fill valve adjustment sleeve. The top portion 
of the fill valve adjustment sleeve 94 as viewed in FIG. 2 is provided 
with internal threads for receiving a standard grease fitting 100 at an 
inlet 102 of the housing 52. 
During a typical use of the valve 50, a base 104 of the housing 50 is in 
sealing engagement with a fluid chamber. Fluid is introduced (for example, 
by a grease gun) at the grease fitting 100. Fluid will flow through a 
fluid fill path comprising an internal bore 106 of the grease fitting 100, 
the hollow interior of the fill valve adjustment sleeve 94 and, as fluid 
pressure builds enough to disengage the fill valve element 88 from the 
fill valve seat 90, around the fill valve element 88 and through the fill 
channels 82 to the outlet 59 and into the fluid chamber. When fluid 
pressure downstream of the fill valve assembly 84 (plus the force of the 
fill valve spring 86) is greater than upstream pressure, the fill valve 
assembly 84 will close, preventing fluid loss. 
If fluid pressure at the outlet 59 builds enough to overcome the force of 
the relief valve spring 66, the relief valve element 62 is disengaged, 
opening the relief valve assembly 60. Fluid then flows through the hollow 
relief valve seat member 58 into the relief chamber 74 and out through the 
transverse relief port 80. Fluid will continue to flow from the outlet 59 
to the transverse relief port 80 until the pressure at the outlet 59 
abates to a level which may be overcome by the force of the relief valve 
spring 66, causing the relief valve assembly 60 to close. When the 
pressure at the outlet 59 does not exceed the preset pressure limit (based 
on the compression of the relief valve spring 66), the relief valve 
assembly 60 will remain closed and pressure may continue to build. 
One application for which the valves described herein are particularly well 
suited is a track tensioning system of a track-laying vehicle. To maximize 
longevity and minimize maintenance required by a track system of a 
track-laying vehicle, tension on the track must be optimized. A commonly 
used method for adjusting track tension on a track-laying vehicle involves 
making one of the track sprockets (in a positively driven system) or 
wheels or pulleys (in a frictionally driven system) adjustable in a way 
which enables tension to be applied to the track. Often, such systems make 
use of a grease cylinder, wherein grease is pumped into the cylinder which 
extends a cylinder arm and positions the track sprocket, wheel or pulley 
to tighten the track. If too much grease is pumped into the grease 
cylinder, grease must be removed from the cylinder by a relief mechanism. 
FIG. 4 shows such an environment including a grease cylinder 121 having a 
fluid chamber 120. Fluid pressure is used to move a piston (not shown) 
leftward as viewed in FIG. 4 to increase tension on a track system. The 
valve of FIGS. 2 and 3 is threaded into a chamber valve bore 122 of the 
cylinder 121 so that the base 104 sealingly engages a housing seat 124. 
Because equipment of this nature is often operated in extreme conditions 
such as muddy, dusty or wet locations, a lid 126 is held in place over the 
valve 50 with a capscrew 128 as an extra measure of protection for the 
valve 50. 
As grease is introduced through the valve 50 as described previously with 
respect to FIGS. 2 and 3, it passes into the fluid chamber 120 through a 
chamber fill bore 130. If pressure in the fluid chamber 120 rises above a 
desired level preset by adjustment of the relief valve spring 66, the 
relief valve assembly 60 will open and grease will pass through to the 
transverse relief port 80. External threads 81 on the housing 52 are 
interrupted at the location of the transverse relief port 80 as seen in 
FIG. 2, allowing grease to flow around the housing 52 to a keyway 83 cut 
into the threads 81. The keyway 83 carries grease past the threads 81 to 
an unthreaded portion 91 of the housing 52 which provides a clearance 
between the valve 50 and the chamber valve bore 122, allowing the grease 
to pass into a chamber relief bore 132 which vents the grease to the 
atmosphere. 
The base 104 of the valve 50 may be unseated by beginning to unscrew the 
valve 50 slightly from the chamber valve bore 122 so that the base 104 is 
disengaged from the housing seat 124. The threads 81 prevent passage of 
grease through the chamber valve bore 122 past the valve 50 but allow 
passage past the unthreaded portion 91 of the housing 52 to the chamber 
relief bore 132. Therefore, manual relief of pressure from the fluid 
chamber 120 may be easily accomplished and will automatically occur as the 
valve 50 is removed from the grease cylinder 121. 
The present invention should not be limited by the above-described 
embodiments, but should be limited solely by the claims that follow.