Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same

An LCD device includes a transparent glass plate 122 and thin film transistor electrodes 124 formed on the glass plate 122. A photosensitive insulation film 128 is coated on the glass plate 122 and the thin film transistor electrodes 124. The insulation film 128 includes transparent and reflective regions 134 and 133 which are different in thickness. Light shielding films 126 are positioned underneath boundaries of the transparent and reflective regions 134 and 133. Where an optical exposure stage includes different reflection coefficient portions, the light shielding films 126 prevent light reflected by the exposure stage from reaching the insulation film thereby maintaining the accuracy of its patterning.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to a liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same and, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device requiring highly accurate dimensions of a photomask pattern designed for the exposure of photoresist and a method of manufacturing such liquid crystal display device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A half transparent or hybrid type liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate, which is, in turn, provided with reflective and transparent display portions. The reflective display portion is generally made of thin film transistors formed on the TFT array substrate, an insulation film covering the thin film transistors and reflective electrodes formed on the insulation film. The transparent display portion is, on the other hand, made of the insulation film and transparent electrodes. The insulation film of the reflective display portion is different in thickness from that of the transparent display portion to increase the reflectivity and transmittance of the reflective and transparent display portions, respectively. In addition, when the TFT array substrate is put together with a counter substrate, the cell gaps defined in the reflective and transparent display portions are configured to be optimal, respectively. In order to adjust such thickness difference between the reflective and transparent display portions, a photoresist is coated on both the reflective and transparent display portions of the TFT array substrate, the transparent display portion is subjected to an optical exposure treatment, and both reflective and transparent display portions are developed and post-baked.

Since a photoresist with high transmittance is, however, used for the insulation film, it is subjected to reflecting light from an exposure stage during the exposure treatment.

As shown inFIG. 5, an optical exposure stage210is provided with recesses212, which are used to set a TFT array substrate on the exposure stage210or to detach it from the stage210, and plates214. Although the recesses212do not reflect incident light, the plates214reflect it as shown by dotted lines and arrows. Thus, portions of an insulation film128corresponding to the recesses212receive incident light passing through a photomask208. The other portions of the insulation film128corresponding to the plates214, however, receive not only incident light passing through the photomask208but also reflecting light from the plates214. Since pattern dimensions depend on a received quantity of light, patterns of the portions positioned above the recesses212are small in width but those of the portions positioned above the plates214are wide in width though not shown in different widths in FIG.5. Such different widths in the patterns cause visibly uneven brightness of images displayed by an LCD device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide an LCD device without such visibly uneven brightness.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an LCD device with improvement of such visibly uneven brightness caused by width differences in patterns resulting from a received quantity of light reflecting from an optical exposure stage.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an LCD device comprises a substrate, thin film transistors formed on the substrate, an insulation film defining first and second regions to cover the thin film transistors, the first and second regions of the insulation film being different in thickness from each other, and light shielding films provided at portions underneath boundaries of the first and second regions.

The LCD device further comprises transparent electrode film formed on the first region, and reflective electrode film formed on the second region.

The LCD device is characterized in that the light shielding film is made of the same material as the thin film transistors.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing an LCD device comprises the steps of forming a light shielding film with first and second regions on a substrate, forming a photosensitive insulation film on the light shielding film, and exposing the insulation film to position the light shielding film at boundaries of the first and second regions by using a photomask.

The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the step of forming the light shielding film further forms thin film transistors by using the same material as the light shielding film.

According to a unique aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprises the steps of forming any one of reflective, light shielding or diffusing films on a back surface of a substrate, forming a photosensitive insulation film on a front surface of the substrate, and exposing the insulation film by using a photomask.

DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments but covers their equivalents. Throughout the attached drawings, similar or same reference numerals show similar, equivalent or same components. The drawings, however, are shown schematically for the purpose of explanation so that their components are not necessarily the same in shape or dimension as actual ones. In other words, concrete shapes or dimensions of the components should be considered as described in these specifications, not in view of the ones shown in the drawings. Further, some components shown in the drawings may be different in dimension or ratio from each other.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1shows a schematically sectional view of an LCD device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 1, the LCD device includes a thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate120and a color filter substrate140. The TFT array and color filter substrates120and140are provided opposite to each other, define a predetermined cell gap supported by spacers160, and are put together by a sealing material around their peripheral portions. A liquid crystal material injected into the cell gap becomes a liquid crystal layer180.

The TFT array substrate120includes a transparent glass plate122, and TFT electrodes124and light shielding films126formed on the glass plate122. The TFT electrodes124and light shielding films126are covered with an insulation film128. Further, the insulation film128is coated with transparent electrodes130made of an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film and reflective electrodes132made of a metal film. In order to widen a viewing field for reflecting light, the reflective electrodes132are provided with uneven portions. An alignment film (not shown) is coated on the transparent and reflective electrodes130and132.

The light shielding films126to be explained later in detail with reference toFIG. 2are made of such materials that substantially prevent light, which passes through regions of the transparent electrode and reflects from an optical exposure stage to be set forth later with reference toFIG. 3C, from arriving at regions of the reflective electrodes132. They are preferably of the same materials as those of the TFT electrodes124such as molybdenum because the light shielding films126are formed in the same process as the TFT electrodes124.

The light shielding films126are disposed at the locations underneath the boundary regions between transparent and reflection regions134and133. The thickness and width of the light shielding films126are configured to substantially prevent light, which passes through regions of the transparent electrodes and reflects from the exposure stage, from arriving at regions of the reflective electrodes132. In other words, the thickness and width of the light shielding films126are determined in accordance with a material and light beam radiating conditions, such as light wavelength, frequency, and radiating angle and duration. For example, where such a material and radiating energy are molybdenum and 300 mJ/cm2, respectively, the light shielding films126are 0.3 μm to 10 μm in thickness and preferably about 6 μm in width.

FIG. 2shows a partial schematic view of a layout of the LCD device shown in FIG.1. As shown inFIG. 2, signal lines202cross over scanning lines204to form a matrix. The transparent and reflective regions134and133are provided in each element (pixel) of the matrix. Auxiliary capacitor lines206are disposed in parallel with the scanning lines204. As described above, the light shielding films126are provided at the locations underneath the boundary regions between the transparent and reflection regions134and133. Thus, the light shielding films126are shown in locations between the transparent and reflective regions134and133in FIG.2. In short, the light shielding films126are provided to surround the transparent regions134.

On the other hand, as shown inFIG. 1, the color filter substrate140includes color photoresist films144R (red),144G (green) and144B (blue) formed on a transparent glass plate142. A transparent electrode146and is coated with an alignment film (not shown).

Further, there are two different length optical paths by way of the liquid crystal layer180through which light passes in response to transparent and reflective display modes of the LCD device shown inFIG. 1, respectively. Namely, when the LCD device carries out the transparent display mode, light from a rear light source190passes through the liquid crystal layer180once. However, when it carries out the reflective display mode, incident light from color photoresist film144passes through the liquid crystal layer180and light reflecting from the reflective electrode132passes through the liquid crystal layer180again. Where the height of the reflective electrode132is the same as that of the transparent electrode130, the optical length of the reflecting light is much longer than that of the light passing through. Thus, in order to obtain optimal optical characteristics in both transparent and reflective display modes, the cell gaps between the transparent electrode130and the electrode146and that between the reflective electrode132and the electrode146are necessarily designed to be optimum. The former is bigger than the latter as shown inFIG. 1to adjust the optical lengths to be optimum. For that purpose, optical exposure is carried out only for the regions in the substrate on which the transparent electrodes are formed and, then, the substrate is subjected to development and post baking processes.

A method of manufacturing the LCD device of the first embodiment will be explained with reference toFIGS. 3A,3B and3C. The method of manufacturing the LCD device is primarily characterized in that the light shielding films126are formed on the glass plate122as shown inFIG. 3A, the photosensitive insulation film128is further coated on the light shielding films126and the glass plate122as shown in FIG.3B and optical energy radiation is carried out only for the transparent regions of the insulation films128by using the photomask208as shown in FIG.3C.

As shown inFIG. 3C, the radiating light passes through the hole212of an optical exposure stage210and travels to the other side of the exposure stage210. The reflecting light from the plates214, on the other hand, travels in the glass plate122again but does not reach the insulation film128because the light shielding films126stop it. Thus, the portions of the insulation film128positioned above both the hole212and the plates214receive substantially the same quantity of light.

A comparison test has been made for each of the following LCD devices: (1) the first embodiment LCD device provided with patterns of the thick and thin portions of the insulation film underneath the transparent and reflective electrodes130and132, respectively, and with the light shielding films126formed around the transparent regions134, and (2) a prior art LCD device provided with patterns of the thick and thin portions of the insulation films underneath the transparent and reflective electrodes, respectively, but with no light shielding films. As a result, 70% uneven display has been visibly recognized for the prior art LCD device but no uneven display has been visibly recognized for the first embodiment LCD device.

Since, as described above with respect to the first embodiment, the receiving quantity of light is substantially equal for both portions of the insulation film128positioned above the holes212and the plates214, neither the patterns positioned above the holes212become narrow in width nor those above the plates214become wide in width. Its structure does not bring about an uneven display.

For the sake of simplicity, the TFT electrodes124are omitted from the drawings ofFIGS. 3Ato3C. In order to reduce manufacturing steps, time and costs, it is preferable to form the TFT electrodes124at the same time, and by using the same material, as the light shielding films126.

Second Embodiment

The LCD device according the first embodiment of the present invention prevents an uneven display due to different reflection coefficients at the exposure stage210with the light shielding films126provided at predetermined locations between the glass plate122and the insulation film128. An LCD device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention is, however, provided with a reflective film coated on the back surface of its TFT array substrate to avoid such an uneven display.

The second embodiment LCD device will be explained below with reference toFIGS. 4Ato4C. A method of manufacturing the second embodiment LCD device is characterized in that a reflective film404is formed on a glass plate402as shown inFIG. 4A, a photosensitive insulation film406is formed on the glass plate as shown inFIG. 4B, and energy radiation is selectively carried out for transparent regions of the insulation film406by using a photomask420as shown in FIG.4C.

Now, the second embodiment LCD device will be explained below in detail. A 400 mm×500 mm glass plate402is prepared and a reflective chromium film404is uniformly formed on its back surface (FIG.4A). The film forming and patterning steps similar to those in an ordinary process to form thin film transistors are repeated to form thin film transistors, electrodes, wirings and pixel electrodes (but such thin film transistors, electrodes, wirings and pixel electrodes are not shown inFIGS. 4A,4B or4C).

A photosensitive organic insulation film406is then coated on the glass plate402on which the thin film transistors, etc. are formed (FIG.4B). The glass plate402provided with the reflective and insulation films404and406on its dual surfaces, respectively, is loaded on an optical exposure stage410. The exposure stage410is provided with holes412used to set the glass plate402on the exposure stage410or to detach it from the stage410. Light from a light source422is radiated only through transparent portions with the photomask420. The radiated light does not pass through the reflective film404but reflects from it. Such reflecting light passes through the glass plate402and the insulation film406again and returns to the photomask420. The quantity of the light passing through, and returning to, the insulation film406is substantially the same whether the transparent regions are positioned above the holes or not. Dimensions or shapes of the uneven portions of the insulation film406formed after the exposure and development treatments are substantially the same whether the transparent regions are positioned above the holes or not. Thus, an uneven display is not visually recognized on the LCD device.

Instead of coating the reflective film404on the back of the glass plate402, a light shielding or diffusion film can be alternatively attached to it to obtain substantially the same effect as in the first embodiment. A light shielding film404prevents the light from reaching the exposure stage410, i.e., the light reflecting from the exposure stage410does not return to the insulation film406whether the transparent regions are positioned above the recesses or not. Also, the diffusion film diffuses the light traveling to the exposure stage410. As a result, in either case, the light transmitted from the exposure stage410to the insulation film406remains substantially the same in quantity whether the transparent regions are positioned above the recesses or not.

After uneven (concave and convex) portions are made on the insulation film406, reflective and transparent electrodes are formed on the concave and convex portions to define reflective and transparent regions, respectively. It is desirable to use ITO and molybdenum or aluminum films for the transparent and reflective electrodes, respectively. Further, it is also desirable to form much smaller convex and concave portions on the surface of the convex portions so that they diffuse the incident light to widen a viewing angle in the reflective display mode.

With the structure described above, the total receiving quantity of light at the portions positioned above the holes412of the exposure stage410is substantially the same as that at the portions positioned above absence of the holes412of the exposure stage410. Thus, pattern sizes formed on the insulation film406are not different whether such pattern is positioned above the holes412of the exposure stage410or not. An uneven display has not been visually recognized in the second embodiment LCD device, either.

According to the present invention, the receiving quantity of light by a photosensitive resin film from an optical exposure stage is nil or uniform even though an exposure stage includes surface portions with uneven reflection coefficients and an LCD device has uniform brightness or displays.