ON-DEMAND TRANSMISSION OF ANALYTE DATA

Techniques for on-demand transmission of analyte data are disclosed. In certain embodiments, a system for on-demand transmission of analyte data includes an analyte sensor, at least one input sensor, and analyte sensor electronics circuitry. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry includes a connectivity interface. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to process touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a first touch input pattern and, based on identifying the first touch input pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to, upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to a display device, and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

BACKGROUND

Diabetes is a metabolic condition relating to the production or use of insulin by the body. Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to use glucose for energy, or store glucose as fat.

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the pancreas cannot create sufficient insulin (Type I or insulin dependent) and/or in which insulin is not effective (Type2or non-insulin dependent). In the diabetic state, the victim suffers from high blood sugar, which causes an array of physiological derangements (kidney failure, skin ulcers, or bleeding into the vitreous of the eye) associated with the deterioration of small blood vessels. A hypoglycemic reaction (low blood sugar) may be induced by an inadvertent overdose of insulin, or after a normal dose of insulin or glucose-lowering agent accompanied by extraordinary exercise or insufficient food intake.

Conventionally, a diabetic patient carries a self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) monitor, which may require uncomfortable finger pricking methods. Due to the lack of comfort and convenience, a diabetic will normally only measure his or her glucose level two to four times per day. Unfortunately, these time intervals are spread so far apart that the diabetic will likely be alerted to a hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic condition too late, sometimes incurring dangerous side effects as a result. In fact, it is unlikely that a diabetic will take a timely SMBG value, and further the diabetic will not know if his blood glucose value is going up (higher) or down (lower), due to limitations of conventional methods.

Consequently, a variety of non-invasive, transdermal (e.g., transcutaneous) and/or implantable sensors are being developed for continuously detecting and/or quantifying blood glucose values. Generally, in a diabetes management system, a transmitter associated with the sensor wirelessly transmits raw or minimally processed data for subsequent display and/or analysis at one or more display devices, which can include a mobile device, a server, or any other type of communication devices. A display device, such as a mobile device, may then utilize a trusted software application (e.g., approved and/or provided by the manufacturer of the sensor), which takes the raw or minimally processed data and provides the user with information about the user's blood glucose levels. Because diabetes management systems using such implantable sensors can provide more up-to-date information to users, they may reduce the risk of a user failing to regulate the user's blood glucose levels.

SUMMARY

Certain embodiments provide a system for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the system including an analyte sensor, at least one input sensor, and analyte sensor electronics circuitry. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry includes a connectivity interface. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to process touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a first touch input pattern and, based on identifying the first touch input pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to, upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to a display device, and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Certain embodiments provide a system for on-demand transmission of analyte data. The system includes an analyte sensor and analyte sensor electronics circuitry. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry includes a connectivity interface. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to process one or more radiofrequency (RF) signals received from a display device via the connectivity interface to identify a first wakeup pattern and, based on identifying the first wakeup pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state. The analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to, upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to the display device, and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Analyte monitoring systems may include an analyte sensor system comprising an analyte senor (e.g., a glucose sensor) for measuring analyte (e.g., glucose) levels of a patient and a sensor electronics circuitry for processing analyte sensor data or information from the analyte sensor. The analyte sensor may communicate raw sensor measurements to the sensor electronics circuitry for processing. Thereafter, the analyte sensor system may transmit corresponding analyte values (e.g., glucose values or levels) and/or the raw data to a patient's display device, such as a mobile phone. In order to initially connect with the display device, the analyte sensor system is configured to transmit or broadcast one or more advertisement packets to the display device through one or more advertisement channels.

In response to the advertisement packets, the display device and the analyte sensor system may engage in a connection request/response exchange to establish a connection. Subsequently, the display device and the analyte sensor system may engage in authentication, pairing, and/or bonding. After bonding, the two devices exchange data (e.g., analyte values), and may then disconnect. Once the analyte sensor system and the display device have paired and bonded, at each of the devices, information about the other device and the bond that has been created with the other device is stored. For example, at the analyte sensor system, the display device is added to a “targeted device list,” where information about the bond that has been created with the display device is stored and then used for reconnections. As a result, pairing and bonding will not be necessary during reconnections.

In order to conserve power, the analyte sensor system may reconnect to the display device (e.g., to transmit updated analyte data to the display device) only periodically, such as every 5 minutes. For example, a connectivity interface (e.g., a BLE module) within the analyte sensor system may transmit analyte data (e.g., estimated glucose values or “EGVs”) to the display device and then enter a low-power state for a fixed period of time. Once the fixed period of time has elapsed, the connectivity interface may transition from the low-power state back into the operational state and reconnect to the display device, and the analyte sensor system may transmit additional analyte data to the display device via the connectivity interface. Once the additional analyte data has been transmitted, the connectivity interface (and/or one or more other components of the analyte sensor system) then re-enters the low-power state for the fixed period of time.

While periodically waking the connectivity interface from the low-power state to transmit analyte data to the display device extends the battery life of the analyte sensor system, a user may wish to view analyte data on the display device more frequently than the fixed transmission intervals would permit. For example, a user may want to view an EGV immediately after waking, before or after eating or drinking, before or after physical activity, or before going to sleep. In such situations, as a result of how existing analyte monitoring systems are configured, the user must wait for the fixed period of time to expire (e.g., up to 5 minutes) until updated analyte data is transmitted to the display device.

Accordingly, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the analyte sensor system may transmit analyte data to the display device and/or perform other functions on-demand, instead of requiring the user to wait for a fixed period of time. For example, a user may trigger on-demand transmission of analyte data via touch input, such as by pressing and/or tapping on the analyte sensor system. In some embodiments, each unique pattern of presses and/or taps may trigger on-demand transmission of a different type of analyte data. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor system may implement a two-phase wakeup technique to distinguish between intentional user input requesting analyte data to be transmitted, and inadvertent input that causes a connectivity interface (e.g., a BLE module) of the analyte sensor system to frequently wake from the low-power state, which may decrease battery life. In addition, on-demand transmission of analyte data may be triggered via the display device (e.g., via a button on a touchscreen interface) by causing the display device to generate a radiofrequency (RF) signal pattern, such as an on/off keying (OOK) pattern that causes the connectivity interface in the analyte sensor system to wake from the low-power state. Accordingly, a user is able to obtain updated analyte data on-demand, without significantly impacting the battery life of the analyte sensor system.

The above techniques for on-demand transmission of analyte data are described below in additional detail in conjunction withFIGS.1A,1B,2A,2B, and3-8below. It should be noted that, although certain embodiments herein are described with respect to the management of diabetes, a glucose sensor system, and the transmission of glucose measurements between the devices, the protocols and techniques described herein are similarly applicable to any type of health management system that includes any type of analyte sensor (e.g., lactate sensor, ketone sensor, O2sensor, etc.).

Example Analyte Sensor System

FIG.1Adepicts a health management system100(“system100”), such as a diabetes management system, that may be used in connection with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. Certain embodiments may involve triggering on-demand transmission of analyte data with the health management system100. Health management system100depicts aspects of analyte sensor system8(hereinafter “SS8”) that may be communicatively coupled to display devices110,120,130, and140, and/or to server system134.

In certain embodiments, SS8is provided for measurement of an analyte in a host or a user. By way of an overview and an example, SS8may be implemented as an encapsulated microcontroller that makes sensor measurements, generates analyte data (e.g., by calculating values for continuous glucose monitoring data), and engages in wireless communications (e.g., via Bluetooth and/or other wireless protocols) to send such data to remote devices, such as display devices110,120,130,140and/or server system134. U.S. App. No. 2019/0336053, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, further describes an on-skin sensor assembly that, in certain embodiments, may be used in connection with SS8.

In certain embodiments, SS8includes sensor electronics circuitry12and an analyte sensor10associated with sensor electronics circuitry12. In certain embodiments, sensor electronics circuitry12(also referred to herein as “analyte sensor electronics circuitry”) includes electronic circuitry associated with measuring and processing analyte sensor data or information, including algorithms associated with processing and/or calibration of the analyte sensor data/information. Sensor electronics circuitry12may be physically/mechanically connected to analyte sensor10and can be integral with (i.e., non-releasably attached to) or releasably attachable to analyte sensor10.

Sensor electronics circuitry12may also be operatively coupled to analyte sensor10, such that the components may be electromechanically coupled to one another (e.g., (a) prior to insertion into a patient's body, or (b) during the insertion into the patient's body). Sensor electronics circuitry12may include hardware, firmware, and/or software that enable measurement and/or estimation of levels of the analyte in a host/user via analyte sensor10(e.g., which may be/include a glucose sensor). For example, sensor electronics circuitry12can include one or more potentiostats, a power source for providing power to analyte sensor10, other components useful for signal processing and data storage, and a telemetry module for transmitting data from the sensor electronics circuitry to one or more display devices. For example, SS8can wirelessly transmit20data to a display device110,120,130,140, and a display device110,120,130,140can wirelessly transmit30data to SS8. Electronics can be affixed to a printed circuit board (PCB) within SS8, or platform or the like, and can take a variety of forms. For example, the electronics can take the form of an integrated circuit (IC), such as an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a microcontroller, a processor, and/or a state machine.

Sensor electronics circuitry12may include sensor electronics that are configured to process sensor information, such as sensor data, and generate transformed sensor data and displayable sensor information. Examples of systems and methods for processing sensor analyte data are described in more detail herein and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,310,544 and 6,931,327 and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2005/0043598, 2007/0032706, 2007/0016381, 2008/0033254, 2005/0203360, 2005/0154271, 2005/0192557, 2006/0222566, 2007/0203966 and 2007/0208245, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Analyte sensor10is configured to measure a concentration or level of the analyte in the host. The term analyte is further defined by U.S. App. No. 2019/0336053. In some embodiments, analyte sensor10is a subcutaneous, transdermal (e.g., transcutaneous), or intravascular device. Analyte sensor10can use any method of analyte-measurement, including enzymatic, chemical, physical, electrochemical, spectrophotometric, polarimetric, calorimetric, iontophoretic, radiometric, immunochemical, and the like. Additional details relating to a continuous glucose sensor are provided in paragraphs [0072]-[0076] of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/827,577. Paragraphs [0072]-[0076] of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/827,577 are incorporated herein by reference. In certain embodiments, analyte sensor10is a glucose sensor. However, any other analyte sensor, such as a potassium sensor, a lactate sensor, an ammonia sensor, a creatinine sensor, or the like, are all within the scope of the disclosure. In some embodiments, analyte sensor10may be a multi-analyte sensor configured to sense multiple analytes (e.g., glucose, potassium, lactate, and/or others).

With further reference toFIG.1A, display devices110,120,130, and/or140can be configured for displaying (and/or alarming) displayable sensor information that may be transmitted by sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., in a customized data package that is transmitted to the display devices based on their respective preferences). Each of display devices110,120,130, or140may respectively include a display such as touchscreen display112,122,132, and/or142for displaying sensor information and/or analyte data to a user and/or receiving inputs from the user. For example, a graphical user interface (GUI) may be presented to the user for such purposes. In certain embodiments, the display devices may include other types of user interfaces, such as a voice user interface instead of or in addition to a touchscreen display for communicating sensor information to the user of the display device and/or receiving user inputs. In certain embodiments, one, some, or all of display devices110,120,130,140may be configured to display or otherwise communicate the sensor information as it is communicated from sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., in a data package that is transmitted to respective display devices), without any additional prospective processing required for calibration and/or real-time display of the sensor data.

The plurality of display devices110,120,130,140depicted inFIG.1Amay include a custom or proprietary display device, for example, analyte display device, especially designed for displaying certain types of displayable sensor information associated with analyte data received from sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., a numerical value and/or an arrow, in certain embodiments). In certain embodiments, one of the plurality of display devices110,120,130,140includes a smartphone, such as display device150, based on an Android, IOS, or another operating system configured to display a graphical representation of the continuous sensor data (e.g., including current and/or historic data). In certain embodiments, health management system100further includes a medical delivery device (e.g., an insulin pump or pen). Sensor electronics circuitry12may be configured to transmit sensor information and/or analyte data to medical delivery device. The medical delivery device (not shown) may be configured to administer a certain dosage of insulin or another medicament to the user based on the sensor information and/or analyte data (e.g., which may include a recommended insulin dosage) received from the sensor electronics circuitry12.

FIG.1Billustrates a more detailed view of health management system100including a display device150that is communicatively coupled to SS8. In certain embodiments, display device150may be any one of display devices110,120,130, and140ofFIG.1A. The communication path between SS8and display device150is shown as wireless communication path180. In certain embodiments, SS8and display device150are configured to wirelessly communicate over wireless communication path180using short range and/or distance wireless communication protocols.

Examples of short range and/or distance wireless communication protocols include Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocols. In certain embodiments, other short range wireless communications may include Near Field Communications (NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID) communications, IR (infra-red) communications, optical communications. In certain embodiments, wireless communication protocols other than short range and/or distance wireless communication protocols may be used for wireless communication path180, such as WiFi Direct. Display device150and/or SS8may also be configured to connect to network190(e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), the Internet, etc.). For example, display device150may connect to network190via a wired (e.g., Ethernet) or wireless (e.g., WLAN, wireless WAN, cellular, Mesh network, personal area network (PAN) etc.) interface.

Health management system100may additionally include server system134, which in turn includes server135that is coupled to storage136(e.g., one or more computer storage systems, cloud-based storage systems and/or services, etc.). In certain embodiments, server system134may be located or execute in a public or private cloud. In certain embodiments, server system134is located or executes on-premises (“on-prem”). As discussed, server system134is configured to receive, collect, and/or monitor information, including analyte data and related information, as well as encryption/authentication information from SS8and/or display device150. Such information may include input responsive to the analyte data or input (e.g., the user's glucose measurements and other physiological/behavioral information) received in connection with an analyte monitoring or sensor application running on SS8or display device150. This information may be stored in storage136and may be processed, such as by an analytics engine capable of performing analytics on the information. An example of an analyte sensor application that may be executable on display device150is analyte sensor application121, as further described below.

Display device150and SS8are able to communicate with server system134through network190. The communication path between display device150and server system134is shown as communication path181via network190. The communication path between SS8and server system134is shown as communication path182via network190.

FIG.1Balso illustrates the components of SS8in further detail. As shown, in certain embodiments, SS8includes analyte sensor10coupled to sensor electronics circuitry12. Sensor electronics circuitry12includes sensor measurement circuitry (SMC)13that is coupled to analyte sensor10for processing and managing sensor data. SMC13may also be coupled to processor11. In some embodiments, processor11may perform part or all of the functions of the SMC13for obtaining and processing sensor measurement values from analyte sensor10. Processor11may also be coupled to storage14and real time clock (RTC)17for storing and tracking sensor data. Processor11may further be coupled to one or more input sensor(s)21, such as a force sensor22and an accelerometer23, for detecting user input (e.g., user presses and/or taps on the SS8).

In some embodiments, the obtaining and processing of sensor measurement values and/or user input may be managed by an analyte sensor application18stored in storage14. For example, as shown, storage14stores analyte sensor application18that, when executed using processor11, causes the processor11to receive and process sensor measurement values from analyte sensor10. In addition, analyte sensor application18, when executed using processor11, may cause the processor11to receive and process user input (e.g., touch input) from input sensor(s)21in order to identify user presses, taps, and patterns or presses and/or taps on the SS8. In some embodiments, analyte sensor application18is implemented as firmware that is executed by processor11to provide control of hardware elements (e.g., input sensor(s)21, connectivity interface15, RTC17, SMC13, etc.) included in SS8.

In addition, processor11may be further coupled to a connectivity interface15, which includes a radio unit or transceiver (TRX)16for sending sensor data and receiving requests and commands from an external device, such as display device150. Connectivity interface15may further include a RF wakeup circuit19for causing the connectivity interface15and/or sensor electronics circuitry12to wake from a low-power state in response to RF signals (e.g., an on/off keying (OOK) pattern) received from an external device, such as display device150. As used herein, the term transceiver generally refers to a device or a collection of devices that enable SS8to (e.g., wirelessly) transmit and receive data. SS8may further include storage14and RTC17for storing and tracking sensor data. It is contemplated that, in some embodiments, the SMC13may carry out all the functions of the processor11and vice versa.

Transceiver16may be configured with the necessary hardware and wireless communications protocols for enabling wireless communications between SS8and other devices, such as display device150and/or server system134. For example, as described above, transceiver16may be configured with the necessary hardware and communication protocols to establish a Bluetooth or BLE connection with display device150. As one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates, in such an example, the necessary hardware may include a Bluetooth or BLE security manager and/or other Bluetooth or BLE related hardware/software modules configured for Bluetooth or BLE communications standards. In some embodiments where SS8is configured to establish an independent communication path with server system134, transceiver16may be configured with the necessary hardware and communication protocols (e.g., long range wireless cellular communication protocol, such as, GSM, CDMA, LTE, VOLTE, 3G, 4G, and 5G communication protocols, WiFi communication protocols, such as 802.11 communication protocols, etc.) for establishing a wireless connection to network190to connect with server system134. As discussed elsewhere, other short range protocols, may also be used for communication between display device150and a SS8such as NFC, RFID, etc.

FIG.1Bsimilarly illustrates the components of display device150in further detail. As shown, display device150includes connectivity interface128, processor126, memory127, one or more sensor(s)163, a display125for presenting a graphical user interface (GUI), and a storage123. A bus (not shown here) may be used to interconnect the various elements of display device150and transfer data between these elements. Connectivity interface128includes a transceiver (TRX)129used for receiving sensor data from SS8and for sending requests, instructions, and/or data to SS8as well as server system134. Transceiver129is coupled to other elements of display device150via connectivity interface128and/or the bus. Transceiver129may include multiple transceiver modules operable on different wireless standards. For example, transceiver129may be configured with one or more communication protocols, such as wireless communication protocol(s) for establishing a wireless communication path with network190and/or short range wireless communication protocol(s) (e.g., Bluetooth or BLE) for establishing a wireless communication path180with SS8.

Additionally, connectivity interface128may in some cases include additional components for controlling radio and/or wired connections, such as baseband and/or Ethernet modems, audio/video codecs, and so on. Sensor(s)163may include, but is not limited to, accelerometer(s), gyroscope(s), global positioning system (GPS) sensor(s), heart rate sensor(s), etc. Note that while sensor(s)163are shown integral to the display device150, in certain embodiments, one or more of sensor(s)163be standalone sensors (e.g., separate from the display device150).

In some embodiments, when a standardized communication protocol is used between display device150and SS8, commercially available transceiver circuits may be utilized that incorporate processing circuitry to handle low level data communication functions such as the management of data encoding, transmission frequencies, handshake protocols, security, and the like. In such embodiments, processor126of display device150and/or processor11of SS8may not need to manage these activities, but instead provide desired data values for transmission, and manage high level functions such as power up or down, set a rate at which messages are transmitted, and the like. Instructions and data values for performing these high level functions can be provided to the transceiver circuits via a data bus and transfer protocol established by the manufacturer of transceivers129and16. However, in embodiments where a standardized communication protocol is not used between transceivers129and16(e.g., when non-standardized or modified protocols are used), processors126and11may be configured to execute instructions associated with proprietary communications protocols (e.g., one or more of the communications protocols described herein) to control and manage their respective transceivers. In addition, when non-standardized or modified protocols are used, customized circuitries may be used to service such protocols.

Processor126may include processor sub-modules, including, by way of example, an applications processor that interfaces with and/or controls other elements of display device150(e.g., connectivity interface128, analyte sensor application121(hereinafter “sensor application121”), co-located application(s)124, display125, sensor(s)163, memory127, storage123, etc.). In certain embodiments, processor126is configured to perform functions related to device management, such as, managing lists of available or previously paired devices, information related to network conditions (e.g., link quality and the like), information related to the timing, type, and/or structure of messaging exchanged between SS8and display device150, and so on.

Processor126may include and/or be coupled to circuitry, such as logic circuits, memory, a battery and power circuitry, and other circuitry drivers for periphery components and audio components. Processor126and any sub-processors thereof may include logic circuits for receiving, processing, and/or storing data received and/or input to display device150. Processor126and any sub-processors thereof may also include logic circuits for receiving, processing, and/or storing data to be transmitted or delivered by display device150. As described above, processor126may be coupled by a bus to display125, connectivity interface128, storage123, etc. Hence, processor126may receive and process electrical signals generated by these respective elements and thus perform various functions. By way of example, processor126may access stored content from storage123and memory127at the direction of analyte sensor application121, and process the stored content to be displayed by display125. Additionally, processor126may process the stored content for transmission via connectivity interface128to SS8and/or server system134. Display device150may include other peripheral components not shown in detail inFIG.1B.

In certain embodiments, memory127may include volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) for storing data and/or instructions for software programs and applications, such as analyte sensor application121and co-located application(s)124. Display125presents a GUI associated with operating system162and/or analyte sensor application121. In various embodiments, a user may interact with analyte sensor application121via a corresponding GUI presented on display125. By way of example, display125may be a touchscreen display that accepts touch input. Analyte sensor application121may process and/or present analyte-related data received by display device150and present such data via display125. Additionally, analyte sensor application121may be used to obtain, access, display, control, and/or interface with analyte data and related messaging and processes associated with SS8(e.g., and/or any other medical device (e.g., insulin pump or pen) that are communicatively coupled with display device150), as is described in further detail herein.

Storage123may be a non-volatile storage for storing software programs, instructions, data, etc. For example, storage123may store analyte sensor application121that, when executed using processor126, for example, receives input (e.g., by a conventional hard/soft key or a touch screen, voice detection, or other input mechanism), and allows a user to interact with the analyte data and related content via display125. Similarly, storage123may store co-located application(s)124that, when executed using processor126, for example, receives input (e.g., by a conventional hard/soft key or a touch screen, voice detection, or other input mechanism), and allows a user to interact with the other non-analyte related data and related content via display125.

In various embodiments, storage123may also store user input data and/or other data collected by display device150(e.g., input from other users gathered via analyte sensor application121). Storage123may further be used to store volumes of analyte data received from SS8(or any other medical data received from other medical devices (e.g., insulin pump, pen, etc.) for later retrieval and use, e.g., for determining trends and triggering alerts.

As described above, SS8, in certain embodiments, gathers analyte data from analyte sensor10and transmits the same or a modified version of the collected data to display device150. Data points regarding analyte values may be gathered and transmitted over the life of analyte sensor10(e.g., in the range of 1 to 30 days or more). New measurements may be transmitted often enough to adequately monitor analyte levels. As described above, in certain embodiments, rather than having the transmission and receiving circuitry of each of SS8and display device150continuously communicate, SS8and display device150may regularly and/or periodically establish a communication channel among each other.

Thus, in such embodiments, SS8may, for example, communicate with display device150at predetermined time intervals. The duration of the predetermined time interval can be selected to be long enough so that SS8does not consume too much power by transmitting data more frequently than needed, yet frequent enough to provide substantially real-time sensor information (e.g., measured glucose values or analyte data) to display device150for output (e.g., via display125) to the user. While the predetermined time interval is every five minutes in some embodiments, it is appreciated that this time interval can be varied to be any desired length of time. In other embodiments, transceivers129and16may be continuously communicating. For example, in certain embodiments, transceivers129and16may establish a session or connection there between and continue to communicate together until the connection is lost.

Analyte sensor application121may be downloaded, installed, and initially configured/setup on display device150. For example, display device150may obtain analyte sensor application121from server system134, or from another source, such as an application store or the like, via a network, e.g., network190. Following installation and setup, analyte sensor application121may be configured to access, process, and/or interface with analyte data (e.g., whether stored on server system134, locally from storage123, from SS8, or any other medical device). By way of example, analyte sensor application121may present a menu that includes various controls or commands that may be executed in connection with the operation of SS8, display device150, one or more other display devices (e.g., display device110,130,140, etc.), and/or one or more other partner devices, such as an insulin pump. For example, analyte sensor application121may be used to interface with or control other display and/or partner devices, for example, to deliver or make available thereto analyte data, including, for example, by receiving/sending analyte data directly to the other display and/or partner device and/or by sending an instruction for SS8and the other display and/or partner device to be connected.

After downloading analyte sensor application121, as one of the initial steps, the user may be directed by analyte sensor application121to wirelessly connect display device150to the user's SS8, which the user may have already placed on their body. A wireless communication path180between display device150and SS8allows SS8to transmit analyte measurements to display device150and for the two devices to engage in any of the other interactions described herein.

FIG.2Aillustrates a perspective view of an outer housing210of SS8, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the outer housing210may include a clamshell design. SS8may further include, for example, a power source (e.g., a battery24) for providing power to analyte sensor10and analyte sensor electronics circuitry12.

As shown inFIG.2A, the outer housing210may include aperture230disposed through a portion of outer housing210and adapted for analyte sensor10and needle insertion through a bottom of SS8. In some embodiments, aperture230may include a channel or an elongated slot. SS8may further include an adhesive patch220configured to secure SS8to skin of the host. The adhesive patch220may include an adhesive suitable for skin adhesion, for example, a pressure sensitive adhesive (e.g., acrylic, rubber-based, or other suitable type) bonded to a carrier substrate (e.g., spun lace polyester, polyurethane film, or other suitable type) for skin attachment, although any suitable type of adhesive may be implemented.

FIG.2Billustrates a bottom perspective view of the outer housing210of the SS8ofFIG.2A. As shown, adhesive patch220may feature an aperture aligned with aperture230such that sensor10may pass through a bottom of SS8and through adhesive patch220.

FIG.3illustrates a cross-sectional view of the outer housing210of SS8ofFIG.2AandFIG.2B. As shown, SS8includes analyte sensor10, sensor electronics circuitry12, and a power source, which may include battery24.

In some embodiments, one or more input sensors21may be coupled to or otherwise in communication with outer housing210of SS8. For example, a force sensor22may be coupled to an interior surface of the outer housing210and/or otherwise disposed within the outer housing210and configured to detect touch input and/or other forces applied to the outer housing210(e.g., a user tapping and/or pressing on the outer housing210). In another example, an accelerometer23may be coupled to an interior surface of the outer housing210and/or otherwise disposed within the outer housing210and configured to detect an acceleration applied to the outer housing210(e.g., a user tapping on the outer housing210, movement of the outer housing210, etc.) and/or an orientation of the outer housing210. Any other type of sensor capable of detecting user input (e.g., user taps, user presses, forces, accelerations, etc.) and/or orientations may be implemented in various embodiments.

On-Demand Transmission of Analyte Data

As described above, in certain embodiments described herein, sensor electronics circuitry12is configured to transmit analyte data to the display device150and perform other functions on-demand, instead of waiting for a fixed period of time before performing such functions. For example, in certain embodiments described herein, a user may trigger on-demand transmission of analyte data via touch input, such as by pressing and/or tapping on the outer housing210of the SS8. In some embodiments, each unique pattern of presses and/or taps may trigger on-demand transmission of a different type of analyte data.

In some embodiments, the sensor electronics circuitry12may implement a two-phase wakeup technique to distinguish between intentional user input requesting analyte data to be transmitted, and inadvertent input that causes the sensor electronics circuitry12to frequently wake from the low-power state, which may decrease battery life. In addition, on-demand transmission of analyte data may be triggered via the display device150(e.g., via a button on a touchscreen interface) by causing the display device150to generate a radiofrequency (RF) signal pattern, such as an on/off keying (OOK) pattern, that causes the connectivity interface15in the sensor electronics circuitry12to wake from the low-power state. Accordingly, a user is able to obtain updated analyte data on-demand, without significantly impacting the battery life of the SS8.

Although the techniques ofFIGS.4-8as described individually for clarity of explanation, in various embodiments, any of the techniques may be combined with one or more other techniques in order to transition the sensor electronics circuitry12into and out of the low-power state and/or to facilitate the on-demand transmission of analyte data to the display device150.

Example Operations for On-Demand Transmission of Analyte Data Based on Touch Input

FIG.4is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for triggering on-demand transmission of analyte data based on touch input, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. The operations400may be performed by one or more components of an analyte sensor system, such as the sensor electronics circuitry12of the SS8. For example, in some embodiments, one or more components of the sensor electronics circuitry12may be configured to perform operations400, such as the processor11, the analyte sensor app18, the input sensor(s)21, and/or the transceiver (TRX)16of the connectivity interface15illustrated inFIG.1B.

Operations400begin in step402, with the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., the analyte sensor app18being executed by processor11) receiving touch input from the input sensor(s)21. For example, force sensor22and/or accelerometer23, which may be on or in communication with outer housing210of the SS8, may receive touch input while the device is being worn by the user and transmit one or more signals corresponding to the touch input to the analyte sensor app18being executed by processor11. As defined herein, touch input may include one or more user taps (e.g., a single-tap, a double-tap, a triple-tap, . . . n consecutive taps), one or more user presses (e.g., a short-press, a long-press of a specified duration, such as 1 second, 2 seconds, . . . n seconds), or any combination thereof on the SS8, such as on the outer housing210of the SS8. In embodiments in which two or more input sensors21(e.g., two or more force sensors22) are implemented, touch input may include directional touch input (e.g., a swipe from the left, right, top, or bottom of a surface of the SS8), multi-touch input (e.g., gestures performed by two or more fingers on the SS8), a pinch or spread gesture (e.g., pinching two or more fingers together or spreading two or more fingers apart on a surface of the SS8), or any combination thereof.

In step404, the analyte sensor app18processes the touch input to identify one or more touch input patterns. For example, the analyte sensor app18may receive signals from force sensor22that correspond to (i) a long-press on the outer housing210of the SS8, (ii) a short-press followed by a long-press on the outer housing210of the SS8, (iii) a series of short-presses on the outer housing210of the SS8, (iv) a series of long-presses on the outer housing210of the SS8, or any combination thereof. In another example, the analyte sensor app18may receive signals from accelerometer23that correspond to a tap or a pattern of taps on the outer housing210of the SS8. In yet another example, the analyte sensor app18may receive signals from both force sensor22and accelerometer23that correspond to a combination of user presses and user taps, such as (i) a single-tap followed by a long-press, (ii) a double-tap followed by a long-press, (iii) n-taps followed by a long press, (iv) a long-press followed by one or more taps, (v) a short-press followed by one or more taps, or any combination thereof. In such embodiments, by implementing both force sensor22and accelerometer23to detect touch input, the incidence of false detection (e.g., due to inadvertent user input) of a touch input pattern may be reduced, extending the battery life of the SS8.

As described above, the sensor electronics circuitry12may initially connect and authenticate with the display device150. Once the sensor electronics circuitry12and the display device150have paired and bonded, each of the devices will store information about the other device, and pairing and bonding will not be necessary during reconnections. Subsequently, in order to conserve power, the connectivity interface15(and/or one or more other components of the sensor electronics circuitry12) remains in a low-power state and wakes from the low-power state to reconnect to the display device150only periodically, such as every 5 minutes, in order to transmit updated analyte data.

In various embodiments, while the connectivity interface15is in this low-power state, in step406, the analyte sensor app18causes the connectivity interface15to wake from the low-power state (e.g., by transitioning to the operational state) upon identifying a touch input pattern based on touch input received from the input sensor(s)21. In step408, the analyte sensor app18then transmits analyte data (e.g., analyte data that was acquired while the connectivity interface15was in the low-power state) to the display device150via the connectivity interface15. After receiving the analyte data, the display device150may display information corresponding to the analyte data via analyte sensor app121.

In step410, the connectivity interface15re-enters the low-power state. For example, the connectivity interface15may be programmed or otherwise configured to re-enter the low-power state after the analyte data is transmitted to the display device150and/or the analyte sensor app18may send a signal to the connectivity interface15to cause the connectivity interface15to re-enter the low-power state after analyte data is transmitted to the display device150. The connectivity interface15may then resume the normal, periodic cycle of waking from the low-power state to transmit updated analyte data. In addition, the sensor electronics circuitry12may continue to acquire analyte data via analyte sensor10while the connectivity interface15is in the low-power state.

In some embodiments, in step408, the type of analyte data that is transmitted by the analyte sensor app18to the display device150is based on the touch input pattern identified by the analyte sensor app18in step404. For example, a first type of analyte data (e.g., estimated glucose values) may be transmitted to the display device150based on a first touch input pattern (e.g., a single-tap or a single-tap followed by a long-press) being detected in step404, a second type of analyte data (e.g., estimated ketone values or lactate values) may be transmitted to the display device150based on a second touch input pattern (e.g., a double-tap or a double-tap followed by a long-press) being detected in step404, and/or a third type of analyte data (e.g., estimated O2values) may be transmitted to the display device150based on a third touch input pattern (e.g., a triple-tap or a triple-tap followed by a long-press) being detected in step404.

In general, any number of different touch input patterns, corresponding to any number of different types of analyte data, may be identified by the analyte sensor app18in order to trigger the on-demand transmission of analyte data to the display device150. In this manner, a user can quickly and easily cause a specific type of analyte data in which they are interested to be transmitted to the display device150by inputting a corresponding touch input pattern on the SS8, without needing to wait for a fixed period of time to expire. Additionally or alternatively to causing analyte data to be transmitted to the display device150, in various embodiments, different types of touch input (e.g., a double-tap, a triple-tap, a long-press, etc.) could cause the sensor electronics circuitry12to perform different functions, such as a sensor health test or a device self-test.

Example Operations for Detecting a Combination of Touch Input for False Wake Rejection

FIG.5is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for detecting a combination of touch input for false wake rejection, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. The operations500may be performed by one or more components of an analyte sensor system, such as the sensor electronics circuitry12of the SS8. For example, in some embodiments, one or more components of the SS8may be configured to perform operations500, such as the processor11, the analyte sensor app18, the input sensor(s)21, and/or the TRX16of the connectivity interface15illustrated inFIG.1B.

Operations500begin in step502, with the sensor electronics circuitry12receiving first touch input from the input sensor(s)21. For example, the sensor electronics circuitry12may receive a single-tap, a double-tap, or a long-press via the input sensor(s)21. In general, however, any of the configurations of input sensor(s)21and types of touch input described herein (e.g., described above in conjunction withFIG.4) may be implemented in the operations ofFIG.5.

In step504, in response to the first touch input, the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., processor11) wakes from a low-power state. In some embodiments, any signal(s) received from the input sensor(s)21cause the sensor electronics circuitry12to wake from the low-power state. In other embodiments, only certain signals (corresponding to certain types of touch input) received from the input sensor(s)21will cause the sensor electronics circuitry12to wake from the low-power state.

In step506, the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., the analyte sensor app18being executed by processor11) receives second touch input from the input sensor(s)21within a threshold period of time (e.g., 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, etc.) of receiving the first touch input from the input sensor(s)21. For example, in steps502and506, the sensor electronics circuitry12may receive a single-tap as first touch input followed by a long-press, within the threshold period time of the first touch input, as second touch input.

In step508, the analyte sensor app18processes the second touch input to identify a touch input pattern. In step510, the analyte sensor app18causes the connectivity interface15to wake from the low-power state upon identifying a touch input pattern in the second touch input received from the input sensor(s)21.

In step512, the analyte sensor app18transmits analyte data (e.g., analyte data that was acquired while the connectivity interface15was in the low-power state) to the display device150via the connectivity interface15. In step514, the connectivity interface15re-enters the low-power state.

In various embodiments, if second touch input is not received in step506within the threshold period of time of the first touch input and/or if a touch input pattern is not identified in step508, then the sensor electronics circuitry12re-enters the low-power state.

As described above, the technique ofFIG.5may be combined with any of the other techniques described herein (e.g., the techniques ofFIGS.4and/or6-8). For example, in step508, the analyte sensor app18may identify a touch input pattern that corresponds to a specific type of analyte data and, in step512, cause that specific type of analyte data to be transmitted to the display device150.

Example Operations for Timeout Period after Wakeup

FIG.6is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for implementing a timeout period after waking the sensor electronics circuitry12and/or connectivity interface15from a low-power state, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. The operations600may be performed by one or more components of an analyte sensor system, such as the sensor electronics circuitry12of the SS8. For example, in some embodiments, one or more components of the SS8may be configured to perform operations600, such as the processor11, the analyte sensor app18, the input sensor(s)21, and/or the TRX16of the connectivity interface15illustrated inFIG.1B.

Operations600begin in step602, with the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., the analyte sensor app18being executed by processor11) receiving touch input from the input sensor(s)21. For example, the sensor electronics circuitry12may receive any type of touch input described herein from any configuration of input sensor(s)21described herein.

In step604, the sensor electronics circuitry12determines whether a timeout period is active. If a timeout period is active, in step605, the sensor electronics circuitry12discards the touch input data.

If a timeout period is not active, in step606, the sensor electronics circuitry12determines whether touch input has been received a threshold number of times within a predetermined period of time. For example, in step606, the sensor electronics circuitry12may determine whether touch input has caused the sensor electronics circuitry12and/or connectivity interface15to wake from a low-power state a threshold number of times (e.g., 2, 3, 4, etc.) within a predetermined period of time (e.g., 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, etc.). Such repeated wakeups may be caused by inadvertent user input and may cause inadvertent transmission of analyte data, reducing the battery life of the SS8. Accordingly, if touch input has been received a threshold number of times within a predetermined period of time (e.g., causing the sensor electronics circuitry12and/or connectivity interface15to wake from a low-power state and transmit analyte data), then, in step607, the sensor electronics circuitry12initiates a timeout period (e.g., 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, etc.).

If touch input has not been received a threshold number of times within the predetermined period of time, then, in step608, the sensor electronics circuitry12processes the touch input to identify a touch input pattern.

In step610, the sensor electronics circuitry12causes the connectivity interface15to wake from the low-power state. In step612, the analyte sensor app18transmits analyte data to the display device150via the connectivity interface15. Then, in step614, the connectivity interface15re-enters the low-power state.

As described above, the technique ofFIG.6may be combined with any of the other techniques described herein (e.g., the techniques ofFIGS.4,5,7, and/or8). For example, in step608, the analyte sensor app18may identify a touch input pattern that corresponds to a specific type of analyte data and, in step612, cause that specific type of analyte data to be transmitted to the display device150.

Example Operations for Orientation-Based False Wake Rejection

FIG.7is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for rejecting false wakeup of the SS8based on orientation, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. The operations700may be performed by one or more components of an analyte sensor system, such as the sensor electronics circuitry12of the SS8. For example, in some embodiments, one or more components of the SS8may be configured to perform operations700, such as the processor11, the analyte sensor app18, the input sensor(s)21, and/or the TRX16of the connectivity interface15illustrated inFIG.1B.

Operations700begin in step702, with the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., the analyte sensor app18being executed by processor11) receiving touch input from the input sensor(s)21. For example, the sensor electronics circuitry12may receive any type of touch input described herein from any configuration of input sensor(s)21described herein.

In step704, the sensor electronics circuitry12detects an orientation of the SS8, for example, based on one or more signals received from the input sensor(s)21(e.g., accelerometer23). In step706, the sensor electronics circuitry12determines whether the orientation satisfies a condition. In various embodiments, the condition is satisfied when the orientation corresponds to a position of the SS8in which the user is likely lying or sitting on top of the SS8, which may cause a force or other touch input to be inadvertently applied to the SS8(e.g., to the outer housing210of the SS8).

If, in step706, the orientation satisfies the condition, then, in step707, the touch input data is discarded. If, on the other hand, in step706, the orientation does not satisfy the condition, then, in step708, the sensor electronics circuitry12processes the touch input to identify a touch input pattern.

In step710, the sensor electronics circuitry12causes the connectivity interface15to wake from the low-power state. In step712, the analyte sensor app18transmits analyte data to the display device150via the connectivity interface15. In step714, the connectivity interface15re-enters the low-power state.

In some embodiments, after a user applies the SS8to their body, the sensor electronics circuitry12may receive user input indicating a position of the SS8on the body of the user (e.g., a location on an arm of the user, a location on the back of the user, etc.). In such embodiments, in step706, the sensor electronics circuitry12may determine, based on the position of the SS8, whether the orientation of the SS8indicates that the user is likely lying, sitting, or otherwise applying a force (e.g., compression) or other input to the SS8.

For example, if a signal received from the input sensor(s)21indicates that the SS8is in an orientation that corresponds to the user lying on their right side, and the user input received by the sensor electronics circuitry12indicates that the SS8is positioned on the right arm of the user, then the sensor electronics circuitry12would determine that the orientation satisfies the condition. If, on the other hand, a signal received from the input sensor(s)21indicates that the user is standing and/or upright, indicating that touch input received by the input sensor(s)21is likely intentional, in step706, the sensor electronics circuitry12would determine that the orientation does not satisfy the condition. Then, in step708, the sensor electronics circuitry12could identify a touch input pattern and, in step710, cause the connectivity interface15to exit the low-power state to transmit analyte data to the display device150(step712).

As described above, the technique ofFIG.7may be combined with any of the other techniques described herein (e.g., the techniques ofFIGS.4-6and/or8). For example, in step708, the analyte sensor app18may identify a touch input pattern that corresponds to a specific type of analyte data and, in step712, cause that specific type of analyte data to be transmitted to the display device150.

Example Operations for On-Demand Transmission of Analyte Data Based on Proximity RE

FIG.8is a flow diagram illustrating example operations for on-demand transmission of analyte data based on proximity RF, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. The operations800may be performed by one or more components of an analyte sensor system and display device150, such as the sensor electronics circuitry12of the SS8. For example, in some embodiments, one or more components of the SS8and display device150may be configured to perform operations800, such as the processor11, the analyte sensor app18, analyte sensor app21, the input sensor(s)21, the TRX16and RF wakeup circuit19of the connectivity interface15, and/or the TRX129of the connectivity interface128illustrated inFIG.1B.

Operations800begin in step802, with the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., the analyte sensor app18being executed by processor11) receiving RF signal(s) from the display device150. In step804, the RF wakeup circuit19processes the RF signal(s) to identify a wakeup pattern. In step806, the RF wakeup circuit19and/or the sensor electronics circuitry12optionally determine whether the display device150is within a threshold distance of the SS8(e.g., based on a strength of the RF signal(s)).

If, in step806, the RF wakeup circuit19and/or the sensor electronics circuitry12determines that the display device150is not within the threshold distance of the SS8, then, in step807, the wakeup pattern is discarded. If, on the other hand, in step806, the RF wakeup circuit19and/or the sensor electronics circuitry12determines that the display device150is within the threshold distance (e.g., within 0.5 meters, 1 meter, 2 meters, etc.) of the SS8, then, in step808, the RF wakeup circuit19and/or the sensor electronics circuitry12causes the connectivity interface15to wake from the low-power state. In various embodiments, the RF wakeup circuit19processes incoming RF signals (e.g., to identify a wakeup pattern) while the connectivity interface15remains in a low-power state, providing additional power savings.

In step810, the analyte sensor app18transmits analyte data to the display device150via the connectivity interface15. Then, in step812, the connectivity interface15re-enters the low-power state.

In various embodiments, the RF signal(s) transmitted by the display device150to the SS8may include an on/off keying (OOK) pattern. For example, TRX129(e.g., a BLE module) included in the display device150may generate an on/off pattern at a specific frequency, a specific set of frequencies, in a specific frequency range, or any combination thereof. In steps802and804, the RF wakeup circuit19may listen for the OOK pattern while the sensor electronics circuitry12and/or connectivity interface15remain in a low-power state. Then, once the RF wakeup circuit19identifies the OOK pattern received from the display device150, in step808, the RF wakeup circuit19wakes the connectivity interface15(e.g., a BLE module) from the low-power state.

In some embodiments, a user may trigger on-demand analyte data to be transmitted from the SS8to the display device150by pressing a button on the display device150, such as a virtual button included in analyte sensor app121. In response to the user pressing the button, analyte sensor app121causes the TRX129(e.g., a BLE module) to generate the wakeup pattern (e.g., an OOK pattern). In some embodiments, the SS8may notifies the display device150(e.g., analyte sensor app121) of the wakeup pattern that the RF wakeup circuit19is listening for during an initial pairing process between the SS8and display device150.

Accordingly, analyte data can be requested from the SS8on-demand while conserving battery power. Additionally, implementing a threshold distance for waking the connectivity interface15and/or sensor electronics circuitry12may mitigate false wakeups and further conserve battery power.

In some embodiments, in step810, the type of analyte data that is transmitted by the analyte sensor app18to the display device150is based on the wakeup pattern identified by the RF wakeup circuit19and/or analyte sensor app18in step804. For example, a first type of analyte data (e.g., estimated glucose values) may be transmitted to the display device150based on a first wakeup pattern (e.g., a first OOK pattern) being detected in step804, a second type of analyte data (e.g., estimated ketone values or lactate values) may be transmitted to the display device150based on a second wakeup pattern (e.g., a second OOK pattern) being detected in step804, and/or a third type of analyte data (e.g., estimated O2values) may be transmitted to the display device150based on a third wakeup pattern (e.g., a third OOK pattern) being detected in step804.

In general, any number of different wakeup patterns, corresponding to any number of different types of analyte data, may be identified by the RF wakeup circuit19and/or analyte sensor app18in order to trigger the on-demand transmission of analyte data to the display device150. In this manner, a user can quickly and easily cause a specific type of analyte data in which they are interested to be transmitted to the display device150by touching a specific virtual button (e.g., corresponding to a specific type of analyte data being requested) on the display device150(e.g., via analyte sensor app121), without needing to wait for a fixed period of time to expire.

Additionally or alternatively to causing analyte data to be transmitted to the display device150, in various embodiments, different wakeup patterns could cause the sensor electronics circuitry12to perform different functions, such as a sensor health test or a device self-test. In some embodiments, a first wakeup pattern could be transmitted by the display device150to the RF wakeup circuit19to cause the sensor electronics circuitry12and/or connectivity interface15to wake from a low-power state, and then one or more additional wakeup patterns could be transmitted by the display device150to request one or more different types of analyte data to be sent to the display device150and/or one or more different functions to be performed by the SS8.

While the SS8is in storage and/or prior to first use, the sensor electronics circuitry12may be placed into a low-power state to conserve battery power. Accordingly, in some embodiments, after a user applies the SS8to their body via an applicator, the RF wakeup circuit19may detect a wakeup pattern generated by the display device150. In response to detecting the wakeup pattern, the sensor electronics circuitry12may initiate a wakeup routine that causes the sensor electronics circuitry12and/or connectivity interface15to exit a low-power state and optionally initiate a pairing sequence with a display device150. Additionally, as described above, a user may press a virtual button on the display device150to generate the wakeup pattern and initiate the wakeup routine.

As described above, the technique ofFIG.8may be combined with any of the other techniques described herein (e.g., the techniques ofFIGS.4-7).

Example Operations for Low-Power Sensing Circuit

In various embodiments, the input sensor(s)21included in the sensor electronics circuitry12may implement a low-power state in which the input sensor(s)21periodically wake up for a short period of time (e.g., awake for 10 milliseconds every second, awake for 1-10% of each second, etc.) in order to check for touch input. If the input sensor(s)21detect user input, then the input sensor(s)21and/or sensor electronics circuitry12may enter a higher-sensitivity mode to further detect and confirm the touch input (e.g., by identifying a touch input pattern, as described above). For example, by causing the input sensor(s)21to wake for ˜10 ms every second, the sensor electronics circuitry12will be certain to detect a long-press that lasts one second or longer. The input sensor(s)21and/or sensor electronics circuitry12may then enter the higher-sensitivity mode to confirm that touch input (e.g., a long-press) is occurring.

Further, in embodiments that implement the Combination Input for False Wake Rejection technique described in conjunction withFIG.5, the input sensor(s)21and/or sensor electronics circuitry12may further detect additional touch input (e.g., “second touch input”), such as a single-tap or double-tap that follows a long-press (e.g., “first touch input”) by the user. The analyte monitoring system may remain in the higher-sensitivity mode for a short period of time (e.g., 3-5 seconds) and re-enter the low-power state if no additional touch input is detected.

Dynamically Adjusting BLE Transmission Power

In various embodiments, the wireless transmission power (e.g., BLE transmission power) of the connectivity interface15may be dynamically adjusted based on the input sensor(s)21and/or sensor electronics circuitry12detecting touch input. For example, BLE transmission power may be increased when touch input is detected in order to increase signal range of the connectivity interface15and connection reliability (e.g., between the SS8and the display device150). In order to reduce power consumption and improve battery life, wireless transmission power may be decreased after analyte data has been transmitted from the SS8to the display device150and/or when no touch input has been detected via the input sensor(s)21for a threshold period of time.

Wakeup During Application

In various embodiments, in order to apply the SS8to the body of a user, the user positions the SS8in an applicator. Then, when the user presses on the applicator to apply the SS8to their body, the force translates through the applicator and is detected via an input sensor21of the SS8, such as a force sensor22that is in communication with the outer housing210of the SS8. Alternatively, a user may press directly onto the SS8(e.g., directly onto the outer housing210of the SS8) when applying the SS8to their body, such that the force is detected via an input sensor21(e.g., force sensor22) positioned on or in communication with the outer surface210of the SS8. In response to detecting the force applied to the SS8(e.g., via an applicator or via a user pressing directly on the SS8), the sensor electronics circuitry12initiates a wakeup routine that causes one or more components in the sensor electronics circuitry12(e.g., the connectivity interface15) to exit a low-power state and optionally initiate a pairing sequence with a display device150.

Example Clauses

Clause 1: A system for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the system comprising: an analyte sensor; at least one input sensor; and analyte sensor electronics circuitry comprising a connectivity interface, the analyte sensor electronics circuitry configured to: process touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a first touch input pattern; based on identifying the first touch input pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state; upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to a display device; and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Clause 2: The system of Clause 1, wherein the at least one input sensor comprises a force sensor, and the first touch input pattern comprises at least one long-press.

Clause 3: The system of any of Clauses 2 or 3, wherein the at least one input sensor comprises an accelerometer and a force sensor, and the first touch input pattern comprises: (i) at least one tap detected via the accelerometer, and (ii) at least one long-press detected via the force sensor.

Clause 4: The system of any of Clauses 1-3, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry acquires the analyte data via the analyte sensor while the connectivity interface is in the low-power state.

Clause 5: The system of any of Clauses 1-4, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: process additional touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a second touch input pattern; based on identifying the second touch input pattern, transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state; and upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit second analyte data to the display device.

Clause 6: The system of Clause 5, wherein the first analyte data comprises a first analyte type that corresponds to the first touch input pattern, and the second analyte data comprises a second analyte type that corresponds to the second touch input pattern.

Clause 7: The system of any of Clauses 1-6, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: receive additional touch input data via the at least one input sensor; and in response to determining that a timeout period is active, discard the additional touch input data.

Clause 8: The system of Clause 7, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: determine that touch input has been received a threshold number of times within a predetermined period of time, or determine that the connectivity interface has been transitioned from the low-power state to the operational state the threshold number of times within the predetermined period of time; and initiate the timeout period.

Clause 9: The system of any of Clauses 1-8, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to, prior to processing the touch input data: transition a processor included in the analyte sensor electronics circuitry from a second low-power state to a second operational state in response to receiving initial touch input data via the at least one input sensor; and determine that the touch input data was received within a threshold period of time of the initial touch input data, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state based at least in part on determining that the touch input data was received within the threshold period of time.

Clause 10: The system of any of Clauses 1-9, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: detect a first orientation of the analyte sensor electronics circuitry via the at least one input sensor; and determine that the first orientation does not satisfy a condition, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state based at least in part on determining that the first orientation does not satisfy the condition.

Clause 11: The system of Clause 10, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: receive additional touch input data via the at least one input sensor; detect a second orientation of the analyte sensor electronics circuitry via the at least one input sensor; and based on determining that the second orientation satisfies the condition, discard the additional touch input data.

Clause 12: The system of Clause 11, wherein the condition corresponds to a user of the system sitting or lying on the at least one input sensor.

Clause 13: A system for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the system comprising: an analyte sensor; and analyte sensor electronics circuitry comprising a connectivity interface, the analyte sensor electronics circuitry configured to: process one or more radiofrequency (RF) signals received from a display device via the connectivity interface to identify a first wakeup pattern; based on identifying the first wakeup pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state; upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to the display device; and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Clause 14: The system of Clause 13, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to determine whether the display device is within a threshold distance of the connectivity interface, and the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state based at least in part on determining that the display device is within the threshold distance.

Clause 15: The system of any of Clauses 13 or 14, wherein the first wakeup pattern comprises an on/off keying (OOK) pattern generated by a connectivity interface of the display device.

Clause 16: The system of Clause 15, wherein the connectivity interface of the display device comprises a Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) module.

Clause 17: The system of any of Clauses 13-16, wherein an RF wakeup circuit in communication with the connectivity interface is configured to process the one or more RF signals received to identify the first wakeup pattern while the connectivity interface is in the low-power state.

Clause 18: The system of any of Clauses 13-17, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: process one or more additional RF signals received via the connectivity interface to identify a second wakeup pattern; based on identifying the second wakeup pattern, transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state; and upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit second analyte data to the display device.

Clause 19: The system of Clause 18, wherein the first analyte data comprises a first analyte type that corresponds to the first wakeup pattern, and the second analyte data comprises a second analyte type that corresponds to the second wakeup pattern.

Clause 20: The system of any of Clauses 13-19, wherein the one or more RF signals are generated by the display device in response to a user pressing a virtual button in an application executing on the display device.

Clause 21: A system for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the system comprising: an analyte sensor; a display device; at least one input sensor; and analyte sensor electronics circuitry comprising a connectivity interface, the analyte sensor electronics circuitry configured to: process touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a first touch input pattern; based on identifying the first touch input pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state; upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to the display device, thereby providing on-demand transmission of analyte data based on touch input in a manner that reduces overall power consumption of the analyte sensor electronics circuitry; and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Clause 22: The system of Clause 21, wherein the at least one input sensor comprises a force sensor, and the first touch input pattern comprises at least one long-press.

Clause 23: The system of Clauses 21 or 22, wherein the at least one input sensor comprises an accelerometer and a force sensor, and the first touch input pattern comprises: (i) at least one tap detected via the accelerometer, and (ii) at least one long-press detected via the force sensor.

Clause 24: The system of any of Clauses 21-23, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry acquires the analyte data via the analyte sensor while the connectivity interface is in the low-power state.

Clause 25: The system of any of Clauses 21-24, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: process additional touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a second touch input pattern; based on identifying the second touch input pattern, transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state; and upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit second analyte data to the display device.

Clause 26: The system of any of Clauses 21-25, wherein the first analyte data comprises a first analyte type that corresponds to the first touch input pattern, and the second analyte data comprises a second analyte type that corresponds to the second touch input pattern.

Clause 27: A system for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the system comprising: an analyte sensor; a display device; and analyte sensor electronics circuitry comprising a connectivity interface, the analyte sensor electronics circuitry configured to: process one or more radiofrequency (RF) signals received from the display device via the connectivity interface to identify a first wakeup pattern; based on identifying the first wakeup pattern, transition the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state; upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit first analyte data to the display device, thereby providing on-demand transmission of analyte data based on RF signals in a manner that reduces overall power consumption of the analyte sensor electronics circuitry; and transition the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Clause 28: The system of Clause 27, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to determine whether the display device is within a threshold distance of the connectivity interface, and the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is configured to transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state based at least in part on determining that the display device is within the threshold distance.

Clause 29: The system of Clauses 27 or 28, wherein the first wakeup pattern comprises an on/off keying (OOK) pattern generated by a connectivity interface of the display device.

Clause 30. The system of any of Clauses 27-29, wherein the connectivity interface of the display device comprises a Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) module.

Clause 31: The system of any of Clauses 27-30, wherein an RF wakeup circuit in communication with the connectivity interface is configured to process the one or more RF signals received to identify the first wakeup pattern while the connectivity interface is in the low-power state.

Clause 32: The system of any of Clauses 27-31, wherein the analyte sensor electronics circuitry is further configured to: process one or more additional RF signals received via the connectivity interface to identify a second wakeup pattern; based on identifying the second wakeup pattern, transition the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state; and upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmit second analyte data to the display device.

Clause 33: The system of any of Clauses 27-32, wherein the first analyte data comprises a first analyte type that corresponds to the first wakeup pattern, and the second analyte data comprises a second analyte type that corresponds to the second wakeup pattern.

Clause 34: A method for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the method comprising: processing touch input data received via at least one input sensor to identify a first touch input pattern; based on identifying the first touch input pattern, transitioning a connectivity interface of analyte sensor electronics circuitry from a low-power state to an operational state; upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmitting first analyte data to a display device; and transitioning the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Clause 35: The method of Clause 34, wherein the at least one input sensor comprises a force sensor, and the first touch input pattern comprises at least one long-press.

Clause 36: The method of Clauses 34 or 35, wherein the at least one input sensor comprises an accelerometer and a force sensor, and the first touch input pattern comprises: (i) at least one tap detected via the accelerometer, and (ii) at least one long-press detected via the force sensor.

Clause 37: The method of any of Clauses 34-36, further comprising acquiring, by the analyte sensor electronics circuitry, the analyte data via an analyte sensor while the connectivity interface is in the low-power state.

Clause 38: The method of any of Clauses 34-37, further comprising: processing additional touch input data received via the at least one input sensor to identify a second touch input pattern; based on identifying the second touch input pattern, transitioning the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state; and upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmitting second analyte data to the display device.

Clause 39: The method of any of Clauses 34-38, wherein the first analyte data comprises a first analyte type that corresponds to the first touch input pattern, and the second analyte data comprises a second analyte type that corresponds to the second touch input pattern.

Clause 40: A method for on-demand transmission of analyte data, the system comprising: processing one or more radiofrequency (RF) signals received from a display device via a connectivity interface of analyte sensor electronics circuitry to identify a first wakeup pattern; based on identifying the first wakeup pattern, transitioning the connectivity interface from a low-power state to an operational state; upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmitting first analyte data to the display device; and transitioning the connectivity interface from the operational state to the low-power state after transmitting the first analyte data to the display device.

Clause 41: The method of Clause 40, further comprising determining whether the display device is within a threshold distance of the connectivity interface, wherein transitioning the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state is based at least in part on determining that the display device is within the threshold distance.

Clause 42: The method of Clauses 40 or 41, wherein the first wakeup pattern comprises an on/off keying (OOK) pattern generated by a connectivity interface of the display device.

Clause 43: The method of any of Clauses 40-42, wherein the connectivity interface of the display device comprises a Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) module.

Clause 44: The method of any of Clauses 40-43, wherein processing the one or more RF signals is performed by an RF wakeup circuit in communication with the connectivity interface while the connectivity interface is in the low-power state.

Clause 45: The method of any of Clauses 40-44, further comprising: processing one or more additional RF signals received via the connectivity interface to identify a second wakeup pattern; based on identifying the second wakeup pattern, transitioning the connectivity interface from the low-power state to the operational state; and upon transitioning the connectivity interface to the operational state, transmitting second analyte data to the display device.

Clause 46: The method of any of Clauses 40-45, wherein the first analyte data comprises a first analyte type that corresponds to the first wakeup pattern, and the second analyte data comprises a second analyte type that corresponds to the second wakeup pattern.

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS