Method and apparatus for producing a composite tobacco filler

A composite tobacco filler is formed in three stages by showering or otherwise depositing the particles of a first tobacco type at one side of a first air-permeable suction conveyor to form a narrow core one surface of which contacts the first conveyor; by thereupon depositing on the first conveyor a first layer which consists of another type of tobacco, which overlies the core, and whose marginal portions extend laterally beyond the core; by thereupon transferring the core and the first layer onto a second air-permeable suction conveyor so that the one surface of the core becomes exposed and the first layer directly contacts one side of the second conveyor; and by thereafter showering a second tobacco layer of the other type onto the exposed surface of the core and onto the marginal portions of the first layer to thus complete the formation of a filler wherein the core is completely surrounded by the material of the two layers. The core can be trimmed prior to formation of the first layer, the first layer can be trimmed prior to transfer onto the second conveyor, and the second layer can be trimmed on the second conveyor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the production 
of a continuous rod-like filler which consists of or contains particles of 
tobacco. Such fillers are draped into webs of cigarette paper or the like 
in cigarette rod making machines for the production of continuous rods 
which are thereupon subdivided into sections (e.g., plain cigarettes or 
cigarillos) of desired length. More particularly, the invention relates to 
improvements in a method and apparatus for the production of a filler 
which contains several types or blends of tobacco. Still more 
particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for the 
production of a rod-like filler wherein a core of a first type of tobacco 
(which may be a natural, artificial (substitute) or reconstituted tobacco) 
is surrounded by an annular or tubular envelope or shell containing or 
consisting of particles of another type of tobacco. 
U.S. Pat. No. 3,987,804 discloses several embodiments of a method of and 
several embodiments of an apparatus for the production of a tobacco filler 
having a core consisting of a first type or blend of tobacco and a tubular 
envelope which surrounds the core and contains a different second type or 
blend of tobacco. All disclosed embodiments of the method and apparatus 
share the feature that a first layer of particulate material which is to 
constitute the envlope is showered onto a suction-operated belt conveyor, 
that a relatively narrow stream of particulate material which is to 
constitute the core is showered onto the first layer, and that a second 
layer of particulate material which is to constitute the envolpe is 
showered over the stream and over the exposed marginal portions of the 
first layer. The just discussed method and apparatus exhibit the drawback 
that the position of the stream on the first layer is not fixed, i.e., 
such position cannot be determined and maintained with a requisite degree 
of accuracy. Attempts to ensure that the stream will be formed exactly 
midway or substantially midway between the marginal portions of the first 
layer include imparting to the exposed surface of the first layer a 
concave shape so that such layer resembles an elongated trough and is more 
likely to center the stream midway between the marginal portions. This 
greatly increases the initial and maintenance cost of the apparatus and 
renders the apparatus prone to malfunction because the formation of a 
first layer with a concave upper side or exposed side involves a 
corresponding deformation and guidance of the conveyor on which the first 
layer is formed. 
The aforementioned patent further refers to the possibility of forming a 
relatively thin first layer on the suction-operated conveyor, thereupon 
narrowing the tobacco channel above the first layer and showering the 
material of the stream into such narrow portion of the channel, and 
finally showering particles of tobacco into a wider portion of the channel 
to form the second layer on top of the narrow stream and the marginal 
portions of the first layer. The utilization of a channel which has a wide 
portion for reception of the material of the first layer, which thereupon 
narrows to receive the material of the stream, and which widens again to 
receive the material of the second layer is not likely to contribute to 
operativeness of the apparatus because the narrow portion of the tobacco 
channel downstream of a wider portion invites the development of so-called 
stoppers, i.e., clogging of the tobacco channel with attendant lengthy 
interruptions of operation of the machine in which the apparatus is put to 
use. 
On the other hand, the making of a tobacco filler from several blends of 
tobacco is often desirable and advantageous, for example, to conceal 
tobacco whose color or another characteristic is less desirable, to 
confine so-called short, discard or excess tobacco within the longer 
shreds of the envelope, to allow for more accurate approximation of the 
weight of plain cigarettes to the desired or optimum weight and/or for 
other reasons. 
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved method of 
producing a tobacco filler wherein a core of first particulate material 
(such as natural, substitute and/or reconstituted tobacco) is surrounded 
by an annular or tubular envelope consisting of or containing a second 
type of particulate material and which can be practiced without risking 
so-called stoppers in the apparatus which is used for the practice of the 
method. 
Another object of the invention is to provide a method which can be 
practiced in such a way that the material of the core is not visible in 
the ultimate products. 
A further object of the invention is to provide a method which renders it 
possible to produce a composite filler at the rate that is necessary in a 
modern high-speed cigarette making machine for the production of up to and 
even well in excess of 8000 rod-shaped articles per minute. 
Still another object of the invention is to provide a method which can be 
resorted to for adequately confining relatively short or small particles 
of tobacco within a tubular body which consists of or contains a high 
percentage of long tobacco shreds. 
An additional object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved 
apparatus for the practice of the above outlined method and to construct 
and assemble the apparatus in such a way that it can turn out a continuous 
rod-like tobacco filler with a surprisingly high degree of reproducibility 
and can ensure that the core is located at least substantially at the 
center of the filler even though the apparatus need not employ any means 
for flexing one or more endless belt conveyors about one or more 
longitudinally extending axes. 
Still another object of the invention is to provide the apparatus with 
novel and improved means for building the constituents of the filler in 
several successive stages. 
A further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which can be 
incorporated in existing cigarette rod making or analogous machines as a 
superior substitute for heretofore known filler making apparatus. 
One feature of the invention resides in the provision of a method of 
producing a rod-like tobacco filler wherein a core containing a first 
particulate material (e.g., a first blend of shredded tobacco) is 
surrounded by an annular envelope containing a different second 
particulate material (e.g., a second blend of shredded tobacco). The 
method comprises the steps of building on an air-permeable first conveyor 
(e.g., an endless belt conveyor or a rotary wheel-shaped conveyor) a 
stream of first material having a first width, pneumatically holding the 
stream on the first conveyor so that one side of the stream abuts against 
the conveyor, utilizing the conveyor to advance the stream lengthwise, 
depositing on the conveyor a first elongated layer containing particles of 
second material and having a greater second width so that a central 
portion of the layer overlies the stream and two marginal portions of the 
layer extend laterally beyond the stream, transferring the first layer and 
the stream onto a second conveyor so that the one side of the stream 
becomes exposed, utilizing the second conveyor to advance the stream and 
the first layer lengthwise, and depositing on the one side of the stream 
as well as on the marginal portions of the first layer a second layer 
containing particles of the second material. The building step may 
comprise showering particles of first material onto the first conveyor. 
Furthermore, the building step can comprise depositing on the first 
conveyor particulate material in excess of that which is required in the 
stream, and the method then preferably further comprises the step of 
removing the excess from the stream prior to deposition of the first layer 
on the first conveyor. If desired, the aforementioned showering step can 
be replaced with the step of depositing on the first conveyor a file of 
discrete stream sections of finite length. 
The step of depositing the first layer can include depositing particles of 
second material first at one side of the stream to form one of the 
marginal portions, thereupon at the other side of the stream to form the 
other marginal portion, and thereafter over the stream to form the central 
portion of the first layer. The step of depositing the first layer can 
further include delivering onto the first conveyor second material in 
excess of that which is required in the first layer, and the method then 
further comprises the step of removing the excess prior to the 
transferring step. 
The step of depositing the second layer can also include delivering onto 
the second conveyor second material in excess of that which is required in 
the second layer, and the method then preferably further comprises the 
step of removing the excess of second material from the second conveyor. 
Still further, the method can comprise the steps of draping the filler 
(including the stream and the two layers) into a web of wrapping material 
(such as cigarette paper), monitoring at least one characteristic 
(preferably density) of the draped filler, and regulating the one and/or 
the other excess removing step when the monitored characteristic of the 
draped filler deviates from a preselected value. 
Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of an apparatus 
for producing a rod-like tobacco filler wherein a core containing a first 
particulate material (e.g., a first blend of shredded or otherwise 
comminuted natural, substitute and/or reconstituted tobacco) is surrounded 
by an annular envelope containing a different second particulate material 
(e.g., a second blend of shredded or otherwise comminuted natural, 
substitute or reconstituted tobacco). The apparatus comprises an 
air-permeable first conveyor (e.g., an endless belt conveyor) having a 
first and a second side and a predetermined effective width, a suction 
chamber or other suitable means for establishing between the first and 
second sides of the conveyor a pressure differential so that the pressure 
at one of the sides exceeds the pressure at the other side, a first 
distributor or another suitable material supplying device which serves to 
deposit on the one side of the first conveyor and substantially centrally 
of such one side an elongated stream which contains particles of first 
material, which has a second width less than the predetermined width so 
that two marginal portions of the one side of the first conveyor remain 
exposed, and which has a surface in direct contact with the one side of 
the first conveyor, a second material supplying device which serves to 
deposit on the stream and on the marginal portions of the one side of the 
first conveyor a first layer containing particles of second material and 
having marginal portions directly overlying the marginal portions of the 
one side of the first conveyor, a second conveyor (e.g., an air-permeable 
endless belt conveyor) which is arranged to receive the stream and the 
first layer so that the first layer directly overlies the second conveyor 
and the aforementioned surface of the stream becomes exposed, and a third 
material supplying device which serves to deposit on the surface of the 
transferred stream and on the marginal portions of the transferred first 
layer a second layer containing second particulate material so that the 
stream is fully confined between the first and second layers of the 
resulting filler. 
The apparatus preferably further comprises a pair of sidewalls which flank 
the first conveyor and extend beyond the one side of the latter. The 
second conveyor can constitute an air-permeable endless belt conveyor 
having first and second sides and the apparatus can further comprise two 
additional sidewalls extending beyond the first side of the second 
conveyor and a suction chamber adjacent to the second side of the second 
conveyor so that the transferred first layer is attracted to the first 
side of the second conveyor. The sidewalls of the aforementioned pair and 
the first conveyor define a first elongated tobacco channel preferably 
having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional outline, and the 
additional sidewalls define with the second conveyor a second elongated 
channel having a preferably rectangular or substantially rectangular 
cross-sectional outline. The first and second material supplying devices 
deliver particulate material into the first channel, and the third 
material supplying device delivers particulate material into the second 
channel. 
As mentioned above, the first conveyor can constitute an endless 
air-permeable belt conveyor. Alternatively, the first conveyor can 
constitute or include a rotary wheel-shaped conveyor. 
The first channel can include a narrower first portion which receives 
particulate material from the first material supplying device and a wider 
second portion which receives particulate material from the second 
material supplying device. The first material supplying device can include 
means for showering particulate material into the first portion of the 
first channel. The first material supplying device further comprises a 
source of first particulate material and the showering means can comprise 
a guide which directs particles of first material from the source into the 
central region of the first portion of the first channel as well as a 
nozzle which discharges one or more jets of compressed air or other 
suitable means for propelling particles of first material along the guide. 
The first material supplying device can be arranged to deliver material in 
excess of that which is required in the stream, and the apparatus then 
preferably further comprises an equalizing device which is adjacent to the 
one side of the first conveyor ahead of the second material supplying 
device (as considered in the direction of advancement of the stream with 
the first conveyor) and serves to remove the excess from the stream on the 
first conveyor. 
Instead of showering particles of first material onto the one side of the 
first conveyor, the first material supplying device can comprise means for 
delivering to the one side of the first conveyor a file of discrete 
elongated sections of the stream so that successive sections of the file 
are separated from one another. The means for delivering sections of the 
stream can comprise a rotary conveyor having a peripheral surface provided 
with an annulus of elongated circumferentially extending pockets each of 
which can accumulate a discrete section of the stream and can deliver such 
section to the one side of the first conveyor. The rotary conveyor can be 
provided with a foraminous bottom wall which is inwardly adjacent to the 
pockets and a suction chamber which is adjacent to the bottom wall 
opposite the pockets to draw particulate material into the pockets and to 
attract the thus drawn particulate material during delivery of sections to 
the one side of the first conveyor. The apparatus including such rotary 
conveyor preferably further comprises means for driving the rotary 
conveyor in synchronism with the first conveyor so that the speed of the 
sections matches the speed of the first conveyor at least during transfer 
from the pockets onto the one side of the first conveyor. This first 
material supplying device can comprise means for showering particles of 
first material into the pockets of the rotary conveyor and such showering 
means can be arranged to shower first material in excess of that which is 
required in the sections of the stream. The apparatus then preferably 
further comprises equalizing means which is adjacent to the rotary 
conveyor and serves to remove the excess of particulate material from 
successive pockets. The equalizing means can comprise entraining elements 
(e.g., the bristles of one or more rotary brushes) arranged to rotate 
about a predetermined axis which is preferably normal or nearly normal to 
the axis of rotation of the rotary conveyor. 
The second material supplying device can include guide means which serves 
to direct particles of second material against the marginal portions of 
the one side of the first conveyor in the first channel, a source of 
second material, and means (e.g., one or mcre nozzles which discharge jets 
of compressed air) for propelling particles of second material from the 
source, along the guide means and against the marginal portions of the one 
side of the first conveyor at the opposite sides of the stream. In 
accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the 
just mentioned guide means includes a first section which serves to direct 
particles of second material first against one marginal portion of the one 
side of the first conveyor, a second section which thereupon directs 
particles of second material against the other marginal portion of the one 
side of the first conveyor, and a third section which thereafter directs 
particles of second material against the exposed side of the stream or 
across the full width of the first conveyor. 
The second and/or the third material supplying device can also deliver 
particulate material in excess of that which is required in the first 
and/or second layer, and the apparatus then further comprises a first 
and/or a second equalizing device which is arranged to remove the excess 
from the first and/or second layer. The first equalizing device is 
adjacent to the first conveyor and the second equalizing device is 
adjacent to the second conveyor. The first and/or the second equalizing 
device is or can be adjustable. This is desirable if the apparatus further 
comprises a source (e.g., a reel) of wrapping material (such as cigarette 
paper), means for draping the filler (including the stream and the two 
trimmed layers) into the wrapping material and means for monitoring at 
least one characteristic of the wrapped filler (preferably the density of 
the filler). Such apparatus preferably further comprises means for 
adjusting the first and/or second equalizing device when the monitored 
density and/or another characteristic of the wrapped filler deviates from 
a predetermined value (e.g., when the density deviates from a 
predetermined range of acceptable densities). 
The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention 
are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The improved apparatus 
itself, however, both as to its construction and its mode of operation, 
together with additional features and advantages thereof, will be best 
understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of certain 
specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 5, there is shown an apparatus which is 
incorporated into a cigarette rod making machine and serves to produce a 
continuous composite rod-like filler TS which can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 4 
and comprises an elongated core K consisting of a first particulate 
material (e.g., light-colored tobacco shreds or fragments of shreds) and 
an elongated tubular envelope including a first layer TL1 and a second 
layer TL2 both consisting of a second particulate material (e.g., tobacco 
shreds having a color which is darker than that of the particles forming 
the core K). The layer TL1 surrounds three sides or surfaces of the core K 
which has a rectangular or square cross-sectional outline, and the layer 
TL2 is immediately adjacent to the remaining (lower) side or surface of 
the core K and has two longitudinally extending marginal portions 
contacting the respective longitudinally extending marginal portions M1 
and M2 of the layer TL1. The filler TS has a rectangular or square 
cross-sectional outline, and the core K is located centrally or nearly 
centrally of the tubular envelope including the layers TL1 and TL2. 
The apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 5 comprises three material supplying devices 
1a, 1b, 1c each of which is a distributor (called "hopper" in certain 
English-speaking countries), e.g., of the type disclosed in commonly owned 
U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,644. The device 1a delivers particulate material of 
the first type, i.e., the particles which form the core K, the device 1b 
delivers particulate material of the second type (such material forms the 
first layer TL1), and the device 1c supplies material of the second type 
for the making of layer TL2. The devices 1a and 1b are arranged to shower 
particles of tobacco onto the substantially horizontal upper reach of an 
air-permeable endless belt conveyor 2 which is trained over pulleys 26, 27 
(at least one of which is driven) so that its upper reach extends below 
the lower end portions of the devices 1a and 1b. Since the devices 1a and 
1b are designed to supply particulate material from above, their 
construction deviates somewhat from that of the distributor which is 
described and shown in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,644. The 
differences will be readily appreciated by looking at FIG. 5 which shows, 
by way of example, a presently preferred construction of the material 
supplying device 1b. Particles T of tobacco are supplied by a source 
including an endless belt conveyor 3 whose upper reach receives such 
particles from the carding of a carded drum (not shown) with assistance 
from a picker roller (not shown) so that the upper reach of the conveyor 3 
gathers and advances a continuous wide carpet of particles T. Such 
particles are advanced toward and are propelled beyond a pulley 4 for the 
conveyor 3 and against a curtain CT consisting of parallel jets of 
compressed air which issue from the nozzle 6 of a tobacco classifying 
device 5. The inertia of heavier particles T (e.g., fragments of ribs, 
birds' eyes and the like) suffices to enable such particles to traverse 
the curtain CT and to enter an intercepting container 8. The other 
particles T (primarily shreds and the like) are deflected by the curtain 
CT and descend against the concave surface of a stationary guide 7 which 
is mounted in the frame of the cigarette rod making machine and directs 
the lighter particles T into the range of a pneumatic conveyor 16 
including a horizontal or nearly horizontal nozzle 18 which receives 
compressed air from a plenum chamber 19. The latter is connected with the 
pressure side of a suitable air compressor (not shown) by a conduit 17. 
The distributor which is described and shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,644 
includes the parts 3 to 7 but not the pneumatic conveyor 16 or a second 
guide 9 which has a concave underside and serves to direct lightweight 
particles T of tobacco of the first type into a tobacco channel 12 at a 
level above the upper reach of the conveyor 2. The concave underside of 
the second guide 9 defines for particles T an arcuate path which is an 
extension of the arcuate path defined by the upper side of the first guide 
7, and the pneumatic conveyor 16 constitutes a means for propelling 
particles T along the concave underside of the guide 9 toward and into the 
channel 12. The channel 12 has an air-permeable bottom wall 13 which is 
the top wall of a suction chamber 14 at the underside of the upper reach 
of the conveyor 2. The chamber 14 establishes a pressure differential 
between the upper side and the underside of the upper reach of the 
conveyor 2 so that the pressure at the upper side exceeds the pressure at 
the lower side and the upper reach of the conveyor 2 can attract and 
retain the particles T which travel along the underside of the guide 9 and 
thereupon enter the channel 12. The manner in which the suction chamber 14 
is connected to the intake of a suction generating device is not 
specifically shown in the drawing. Reference may be had to the commonly 
owned copending patent application U.S. Ser. No. 557,735 filed Dec. 2, 
1983 by Gunter Wahle et al. for "Method and apparatus for building a 
tobacco stream". The width of that portion of the channel 12 into which 
the guide 9 directs particles T of tobacco toward the upper side of the 
upper reach of the conveyor 2 exceeds the width of the preceding portion 
of the channel 12, namely of the portion which receives tobacco particles 
from the guide 9 (see the right-hand portion of FIG. 1) of the first 
tobacco supplying device 1a. The nozzle 18 of FIG. 5 has suitably inclined 
guide walls or vanes 18a extending into the interior of the plenum chamber 
19, and the purpose of such vanes is to impart to the jet or jets of air 
issuing from the orifice or orifices of the nozzle 18 a component of 
movement in the direction (note the arrow 21 in FIG. 1) of forward 
movement of the upper reach of the conveyor 2. This ensures that the 
particles T which enter the channel 12 at a level below the device 1b have 
a component of movement (arrow 22b in FIGS. 1 and 3) in the direction of 
travel of the growing first tobacco layer TL1 with the upper reach of the 
conveyor 2. The construction of the material supplying device 1a is 
practically identical with that of the device 1b except that the device 1a 
contains a source of particles of the first type and that the 
corresponding guide 9 is simpler than the guide 9 in the device 1b. The 
direction in which the particles of the first type advance along the 
respective guide 9 and into the corresponding portion of the channel 12 is 
indicated by the arrows 22a (see FIGS. 1 and 2). 
The material supplying device 1b of FIG. 5 (and the corresponding device 
1a) can be replaced with distributors of the type disclosed in commonly 
owned U.S. Pat. No. 3,871,385. The distributor of this patent comprises 
guide means corresponding to the guides 9 (reference may be had to FIGS. 
2, 4a and 5 of the patent) and serving to direct coherent streamlets of 
tobacco particles into a tobacco channel. 
As already mentioned above, that portion of the tobacco channel 12 which 
receives tobacco particles from the guide 9 of the material supplying 
device 1a is narrower than the channel portion receiving tobacco particles 
T from the guide 9 in the device 1b. This can be ascertained by comparing 
FIGS. 2 and 3. The channel 12 comprises two sidewalls 23, 24 which extend 
upwardly and beyond the upper side of the upper reach of the conveyor 2. 
Such upper reach can be said to actually constitute the bottom wall of the 
channel 12. 
The guide 9 in the material supplying device 1a has an edge face or end 
face 11, and the streams of compressed air issuing from the nozzle of the 
device 1a serve to propel the respective particles beyond the edge face 11 
and toward the central portion of the channel 12 therebelow. This renders 
it possible to form on the upper reach of the conveyor 2 an elongated 
stream KS which is converted into the core K by removing the excess of 
particles of the first type. The means for removing such excess (above the 
line T.sub.1 in FIG. 2) includes a conventional trimming or equalizing 
device 28 which is adjacent to the upper reach of the conveyor 2 between 
the material supplying devices 1a and 1b. For example, the equalizing 
device 28 may be of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,030,966. Other 
types of trimming devices can be used with equal or similar advantage. The 
provision of guide 9 in the material supplying device 1a contributes to 
the building of a predictable stream KS and to the formation of a highly 
satisfactory core K because the configuration of the guide 9 and the 
location of its edge face 11 can be readily selected in such a way that 
the particles which are to form the stream KS are directed into the 
central zone of the narrower portion of the channel 12 below the device 
1a. 
The guide 9 in the material supplying device 1b comprises three mutually 
staggered sections 9', 9" and 9"' (FIGS. 1 and 5) respectively having 
discrete edge faces or end faces 11', 11" and 11, 11', 11". The purpose of 
the edge face 11' is to direct or aim particles T of tobacco into the 
right-hand corner portion of the channel 12 (see FIG. 5) and to form the 
marginal portion M1 of the first layer TL1 at one side of the core K. The 
edge face 11" directs or aims tobacco particles T toward the other corner 
portion of the channel 12 to form the marginal portion M2 of the layer 
TL1, and the purpose of the third edge face 11', 11", 11 is to spread 
tobacco particles T across the full width of the channel 12 below the 
material supplying device 1b so that the particles form the remaining 
portion of the layer TL1 above the core K as well as above the marginal 
portions M1 and M2. This completes the making of the major part of the 
filler TS, namely the part which is being built or formed on the upper 
reach of the air-permeable conveyor 2. The edge faces 11' and 11" ensure 
that the relatively narrow clearances between the sides of the core K and 
the inner sides of the sidewalls 23, 24 are invariably filled with tobacco 
particles T to form predictable marginal portions M1 and M2. The edge face 
11', 11", 11 of the section 9"' of the second guide 9 in the material 
supplying device 1b ensures uniform showering of tobacco particles T 
across the full width of the channel 12 so that such particles form the 
upper part of the layer TL1, namely the part at a level above the upper 
side of the core K, as viewed in FIG. 3. The guide 9 of the material 
supplying device 1b imparts to the particles T which move along the 
sections 9', 9" and 9"' a component of movement in the direction of arrow 
21 (note the arrows 22b in FIGS. 1 and 3). 
The device 1b supplies particles T of second material in excess of that 
which is required in a fully grown tobacco layer TL1. Therefore, the 
apparatus of FIG. 1 further comprises an adjustable trimming or equalizing 
device 29 which is located downstream of the guide 9 in the material 
supplying device 1b and serves to remove the excess (above the line 
T.sub.2 in FIG. 3). 
The pulley 26 for the conveyor 2 is located at a level below one pulley 31 
for a second air-permeable endless belt conveyor 32 which is further 
trained over an additional pulley 33 (one of the pulleys 31, 33 is driven 
to advance the lower reach of the conveyor 32 in the direction which is 
indicated by arrow 39) and serves to accept the equalizing and partly 
confined core K as well as the equalized tobacco layer TL1 from the upper 
reach of the conveyor 2. To this end, the lower reach of the conveyor 32 
constitutes the bottom wall of a second tobacco channel 36 (see FIG. 4) 
which has sidewalls 37, 38 extending downwardly beyond the underside of 
the lower reach of the conveyor 32. The upper side of this lower reach is 
adjacent to the air-permeable bottom wall (not specifically shown) of a 
suction chamber 34 which attracts successive increments of the equalized 
core K and equalized layer TL1 to the underside of the lower reach of the 
conveyor 32 at the transfer station between the pulleys 26 and 31, i.e., 
in the region where the suction chamber 14 ends and the suction chamber 34 
begins. The device 1c showers (propels) particles T of the second type 
upwardly toward the underside of the lower reach of the conveyor 32. The 
construction of this device is preferably identical with or analogous to 
that which is disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,175,570. The 
device 1c propels the particles in the direction of arrows 22c (FIGS. 1 
and 4) so that each particle a component of movement in the direction of 
the arrow 39 (namely in the direction of movement of the lower reach of 
the conveyor 32). The particles T are preferably delivered in excess of 
the requirements of the filler TF, and such excess (below the line T.sub.3 
in FIG. 4) is removed by an adjustable third equalizing device 41 which is 
adjacent to the underside of the lower reach of the conveyor 32 downstream 
of the material supplying device 1c. This completes the making of the 
continuous composite filler TS which comprises a centrally located trimmed 
core (K) and a continuous annular or tubular envelope including the 
trimmed layers TL1 and TL2. The filler TS is caused to advance onto a 
running web 43 of wrapping material (e.g., cigarette paper) which is 
supplied by a reel or another suitable source 43a and is caused to advance 
in a direction to the left, as viewed in FIG. 1, by the upper reach of an 
endless belt conveyor 42. The latter advances the web 43 and the filler TS 
through a conventional wrapping mechanism 44 wherein the web is draped 
around the filler TS and the latter is converted (condensed) into a 
cylindrical body. The overlapping marginal portions of the web 43 are 
bonded to each other to complete the conversion of the web 43 and filler 
TS into a continuous cigarette rod RS which passes through a density 
monitoring device 46. The latter can constitute a detector of the type 
known in the industry as NSR which includes a source of beta rays at one 
side of the path of the rod RS and a suitable transducer (e.g., an 
ionization chamber) at the other side of such path. The signals which the 
transducer of the monitoring device 46 transmits to a control circuit 45 
are indicative of a characteristic (in this case density) of the filler in 
the rod RS. Such signals are compared with a reference signal denoting the 
optimum density of the wrapped filler and, if the monitored density 
deviates from the optimum density, the outputs of the control circuit 45 
transmit signals to the adjustable equalizing devices 29 and 41 so as to 
raise or lower the material removing element or elements of each 
equalizing device in order to restore the optimum density. In other words, 
when the density of the filler which is confined in the wrapper of the rod 
RS is too low, the signals at the outputs of the control circuit 45 cause 
the equalizing devices 29 and 41 to reduce the rate of removal of excess 
tobacco from the layers TL1 and TL2 and vice versa. The manner in which 
the equalizing devices 29 and 41 can be adjusted in response to signals 
denoting one or more characteristics of a tobacco filler is well known in 
the tobacco processing industry. Reference may be had, for example, to 
commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,516, 4,290,436 or 4,284,087. 
It will be noted that the method and apparatus of the present invention 
depart radically from the teaching of the aforediscussed U.S. Pat. No. 
3,987,804. Thus, whereas the patent proposes to form a first tobacco 
layer, to deposit thereon a stream which is narrower than the first layer 
and is to form the core, and to thereupon deposit a second tobacco layer 
on the core and on those marginal portions of the first layer which extend 
beyond the stream, the present method and apparatus provide that the core 
be formed in a first step, that such core be overlapped by a wider first 
tobacco layer, that the core and the first layer be transferred from a 
first onto a second conveyor, and that the second layer be formed on the 
second conveyor in such a way that it overlies the exposed surface of the 
core and the marginal portions of the first stream. The improved method 
and apparatus exhibit the advantage that the core can be much more readily 
centered between the marginal portions of the first tobacco layer, i.e., 
that the core is invariably located at the center of the composite filler. 
While it is also possible to build the stream which constitutes or is 
converted into the core of the filler on a separate conveyor, the 
apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 5 exhibits the important advantage that one and 
the same conveyor 2 can be used for the building (preferably showering) of 
the core K as well as for the building (preferably showering or analogous 
deposition) of the first tobacco layer TL1. The equalizing step by means 
of the device 28 or an analogous trimmer is advantageous and desirable but 
optional. 
As a rule, the width of the tobacco channel in a cigarette rod making 
machine is between 8 and 10 mm. The diameter of the cigarette is less 
because the filler TS is condensed during passage through the wrapping 
mechanism 44. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the width of the core K can 
approximate or equal one-third of the width of the finished filler. The 
relatively narrow portion of the channel 12 at the level below the 
material supplying device 1a ensures that the particles of first material 
are showered onto the central portion of the upper reach of the conveyor 2 
so that the core K will be equidistant from those portions of the 
sidewalls 23, 24 which flank the channel 12 in the region below the 
material supplying device 1b. The guide 9 of the device 1b and its 
sections 9', 9" ensure that the particles of second material fill the two 
gaps between the core K and the sidewalls 23, 24 in the region where the 
guide 9 aims tobacco particles T into the channel 12 by propelling such 
particles beyond the edge faces 11' and 11" to form the marginal portions 
M1 and M2 of the first layer TL1. Predictable formation of the marginal 
portions M1 and M2 is further enhanced due to the fact that these marginal 
portions are not formed simultaneously, i.e., that the sections 9' and 9" 
of the guide 9 are staggered with reference to one another, as considered 
in the direction of the arrow 21. The configuration of the edge face 11, 
11', 11" of the section 9"' is such that this section spreads tobacco 
particles T across the full width of the channel 12 below the section 9"'. 
Trimming of the first tobacco layer TL1 by the device 29 or another 
suitable equalizing device is also optional but preferred and advantageous 
because trimming of the layer TL1, as well as trimming of the core K, 
increases the likelihood that the core K will be located at the center of 
the finished filler TS. Removal of excess tobacco in response to signals 
from the control circuit 45 (i.e., in response to signals denoting the 
density of the compacted filler in the cigarette rod RS) ensures that the 
weight of the ultimate products (e.g., plain cigarettes or filter 
cigarettes) will match or closely approximate an optimum value. The 
feature that the equalizing device 41 for the second tobacco layer TL2 is 
also adjustable in response to deviations of the density signal from an 
optimum value further enhances the likelihood of forming a filler TS 
wherein the core K is located at the center. The density is but one of 
several parameters of the filler TS in the rod RS which can be resorted to 
for adjustment of the equalizing devices 29 and 41 for the purpose of 
making a filler which has a centrally located core, i.e., which has at 
least one longitudinally extending symmetry plane that divides the core 
and the envelope into two mirror symmetrical halves. 
FIG. 6 shows a modified material supplying device 101a' which can be used 
in lieu of the device 1a of FIGS. 1 and 2. This device comprises an 
upright duct 152 which receives and directs downwardly a preferably 
uniform shower of particles of first material such as is used to form the 
core of the filler. All such parts of the device 101a' and of the 
remaining portion of the apparatus of FIG. 6 which are identical with or 
analogous to the corresponding parts of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 5 are 
denoted by similar reference characters plus 100. The upper end of the 
duct 152 receives tobacco particles from a suitable source (not shown), 
such as the conveyor 3 in the device 1a and the nozzle 6 of FIG. 5. The 
guides 7 and 9 of the device 1a are replaced with a rotary wheel-shaped 
conveyor 151 which is disposed in the path of tobacco particles descending 
in the duct 152 and has a set of six equidistant circumferentially 
extending recesses or pockets 153 which are machined into its peripheral 
surface and serve to gather sections K' of a discontinuous stream 
constituting or being convertible into an interrupted core replacing the 
core K of FIG. 3. Successive pockets 153 are overfilled with particles of 
tobacco during travel from the nine toward the two o'clock position of 
FIG. 6 (the conveyor 151 is driven to rotate in the direction which is 
indicated by the arrow 157), and the excess is removed by an equalizing 
device 161 including a brush whose radially outwardly extending bristles 
162 constitute excess removing elements of the equalizing device 161 and 
rotate about an axis 159 which is normal to the horizontal axis of the 
conveyor 161. The shaft 163 of the conveyor 151 is driven by a prime mover 
163a in synchronism with the shaft 127a for the pulley 127 so that the 
peripheral speed of the conveyor 151 matches the speed of the upper reach 
of the belt conveyor 102. The conveyor 151 rotates about a stationary 
suction chamber 156 which is inwardly adjacent to air-permeable bottoms 
154 of the pockets 153 and extends along an arc of more than 270.degree. 
so as to attract the particles of tobacco in those pockets 153 which 
gather fresh sections K' as well as to ensure that such sections remain in 
the respective pockets 153 during travel past the equalizing device 161 
and toward the locus of transfer of successive sections K' onto the upper 
reach of the conveyor 102. The shaft for the bristles 162 of the 
equalizing device 161 is driven by a constant-speed motor 158. 
The axial length of the wheel-shaped conveyor 151 is slightly less than the 
width of the corresponding (preferably narrower) portion of the tobacco 
channel 112 therebelow. The mounting of the equalizing device 161 in such 
a way that the rotating bristles 162 sweep along the peripheral surface of 
and in the axial direction of the conveyor 151 (i.e., at right angles to 
the longitudinal directions of the pockets 153) ensures that each pocket 
153 which advances beyond the device 161 contains a section K' of 
predetermined size. The inclination of the axis 159 with reference to a 
vertical plane and to the axis of the shaft 163 can be readily selected in 
such a way that the bristles 162 furnish a highly satisfactory equalizing 
action, preferably in the axial direction of the conveyor 151. The removed 
excess can be returned into the upper end portion of the duct 152. The 
transfer of equalized sections K' from the pockets 153 onto the upper 
reach of the conveyor 102 takes place under the action of the suction 
chamber 114 which is effective in the region where the arcuate suction 
chamber 156 ends. 
The sections K' on the conveyor 102 are thereupon overlapped by the first 
tobacco layer TL1 in a manner as described in connection with FIGS. 1, 3 
and 5, and the layer TL1 is trimmed (if necessary) prior to transfer of 
the composite core including the sections K' and of the first layer TL1 
onto the lower reach of a second airpermeable conveyor corresponding to 
the conveyor 32 of FIG. 1. The freshly exposed surfaces of the core 
including the sections K' and of the first layer TL1 are thereupon 
overlapped by a second tobacco layer TL2 which is trimmed, if necessary, 
prior to draping of the resulting filler into a web of cigarette paper or 
the like. The formation of the first layer TL1 and/or second layer TL2 
around the composite core including the sections K' is carried out in such 
a way that the particles of second material fill the gaps G between 
successive sections K' on the upper reach of the conveyor 102 and/or on 
the lower reach of the second conveyor corresponding to the conveyor 32 of 
FIG. 1. This ensures the formation of a solid filler wherein each and 
every section K' is completely surrounded by particles of second material. 
The prime mover 163a for the shafts 163 and 127a preferably also drives 
the customary cutoff (not shown but see 14 in U.S. Pat. No. 4,290,436) 
which subdivides the rod RS into plain cigarettes of desired length. The 
operation of the cutoff is synchronized with operation of the conveyor 151 
in such a way that the knife or knives of the cutoff sever the rod RS 
(wherein the core of the filler consists of a series of discrete sections 
K') invariably midway across the filled gaps G so that the end portions of 
the sections K' are not visible in the respective rod-shaped smokers' 
articles. This may be desirable if the color of first particulate material 
is different from (e.g., lighter than) the color of the second particulate 
material which forms the tubular envelope for the core. 
As mentioned above, the apparatus which utilizes the wheel-shaped conveyor 
151 or an analogous means for forming sections K' of a composite core is 
desirable and advantageous when the material of the core should be fully 
concealed within the material of the tubular envelope for the core. Such 
situation will normally arise when the color of the material of the core 
is such that it might detract from the appearance of the ultimate product 
and/or when the consistency of the material of the core is such that its 
particulate material would be likely to escape at one or both ends of the 
ultimate product if the core would extend all the way to the one and/or 
the other end face of a cigarette, cigarillo or an analogous rod-shaped 
tobacco-containing article. The feature that the material of the layer TL1 
and/or TL2 fills the gaps G between successive sections K' on the upper 
reach of the conveyor 102 ensures that the density of end portions of the 
finished articles is not too low in spite of the absence of first 
particulate material in such end portions. 
FIGS. 7 to 11 illustrate a further apparatus wherein the endless belt 
conveyor 2 or 102 is replaced with a rotary wheel-shaped conveyor 202. The 
first material supplying device comprises a tubular material delivering 
element 201 which delivers a shower or stream of first particulate 
material from a suitable source 1A, and such stream forms at the periphery 
of the conveyor 202 a core K (see also FIG. 8). The conveyor 202 has an 
air-permeable peripheral wall 203 surrounding a stationary suction chamber 
207a, 207b and a stationary valving element 206 which seals the left-hand 
portion of the wall 203 from the suction chamber. The conveyor 202 is 
driven in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 7, by a shaft 
204. The width of the lower portion 207a of the suction chamber within the 
confines of the air-permeable wall 203 is less than the width of the 
portion 207b. The discharge end of the element 201 admits particles of 
first material against successive increments of the wall 203 in the region 
of the narrower portion 207a of the suction chamber, and the excess of 
such material is removed by an equalizing device 212 in the form of a 
paddle wheel which propels the removed excess into an evacuating (suction) 
pipe 213. The discharge end of the element 201 and the intake end of the 
pipe 213 are integral with or connected to the narrower portion 208a of a 
tobacco channel which has walls 209, 211 flanking the growing core as well 
as the equalized core K. 
The width of the tobacco channel increases downstream of the portion 208a, 
as at 208b (see FIG. 9) so that its width suffices for the formation of a 
first tobacco layer TL1 whose particles T are delivered by a tubular 
element 214. The first layer TL1 surrounds three sides of the equalized 
core K and contains an excess of particles T; such excess is removed by an 
equalizing device 217 which directs the removed excess into an evacuating 
(suction) pipe 216. The latter can also serve (or can serve exclusively) 
for withdrawal of surplus air which is used to convey the particles T in 
the element 214. 
The first layer TL1 and the core K are transferred from the peripheral wall 
203 of the conveyor 202 onto the underside of the lower reach of an 
endless air-permeable belt conveyor 221 corresponding to the conveyor 32 
of FIG. 1. The conveyor 221 is trained over two pulleys 222 (only one 
shown) one of which is driven so that the conveyor 221 moves at the speed 
of the peripheral wall 203. A suction chamber 223 above the lower reach of 
the conveyor 221 begins where the wider portion 207b of the suction 
chamber in the interior of the conveyor 202 ends so that the layer TL1 and 
the core K are transferred onto the conveyor 221 which advances successive 
increments of the core and first layer past the discharge end of a tobacco 
channel 227 receiving particles T from a material supplying device which 
corresponds to the device 1c of FIG. 1. The channel 227 has sidewalls 224, 
226 (see FIGS. 10 and 11) which determine the width of the second layer 
TL2. The making of the layer TL2 is completed before the respective 
increment of the resulting filler reaches the left-hand end of the channel 
227, as viewed in FIG. 7. The particles T which travel upwardly in the 
left-hand portion of the channel 227 are intercepted by the suitably 
configurated intake end 214a of the element 214 which delivers the 
particles to the conveyor 202 in the region of the wider portion 207b of 
the respective suction chamber. The cross-sectional configuration of the 
filler is shown in FIG. 11. If the layer TL2 contains a surplus of 
particles T, such surplus is removed by a further trimming or equalizing 
device 228 which is located downstream of the intake end 214a of the 
element 214, as seen in the direction of travel of the lower reach of the 
conveyor 221. The intake end 214a of the element 214 can resemble an 
elongated mouthpiece which draws the oncoming (rising) particles T into 
the element 214. 
An important advantage of the tubular element 214 and its intake end 214a 
is that the material supplying device 1b of FIGS. 1 and 5 can be omitted 
because the material supplying device which admits particles T into the 
channel 227 also supplies particles T for the making of the first layer 
TL1 with or without excess tobacco. 
An advantage of the rotary conveyor 202 is that it contributes 
significantly to a reduction of the overall length of the apparatus. While 
the apparatus of the present invention also employs (or can also employ) a 
tobacco channel which is narrower in the region of one material supplying 
device and wider in the region of the other material supplying devices, 
such configuration of the tobacco channel does not promote the development 
of the aforediscussed stoppers which are likely to develop if the 
apparatus is constructed in a manner as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 
3,987,804. This is due to the fact that the width of the channel which is 
used in the apparatus of the present invention increases between the first 
and second material supplying devices whereas the apparatus of U.S. Pat. 
No. 3,987,804 comprises a tobacco channel which has a wider portion that 
is followed by a narrower portion or constriction so that the particles of 
tobacco are likely to pile up in the zone where the width of the tobacco 
channel decreases. Absence of stoppers in the channels of filler forming 
apparatus is especially important and desirable in modern high-speed 
cigarette rod making and analogous machines wherein even short-lasting 
interruptions of operation can result in huge losses of output. 
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of 
the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, 
readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, 
from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential 
characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of our contribution to 
the art and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be 
comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the appended 
claims.