Air pressure activated collet

A cylindrical collet is provided having moveable radial components which, when expanded, form a right angle cylinder capable of winding fibers. The components are moved between the expanded and compressed states, independent of the centrifugal force exerted by rotating collet. One technique of moving the components is by use of compressed air driving a piston coupled to the components.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
When manufacturing continuous filaments, an apparatus often employed to 
wind the filaments is an expandable and contractable collet. One type of 
collet used for such purposes comprises a plurality of radially moveable 
fingers and wedges which, when expanded, form a smooth right cylinder 
surface for winding fibers. The collet when retracted allows the fibers to 
be easily removed. An example of such a collet is found in U.S. Pat. No. 
3,871,592 issued to Kollenborn on Mar. 18, 1975. This collet is in its 
retracted state at rest or low rotating speeds, but due to centrifugal 
force at higher rotating speeds the wedges and fingers move radially 
outward and form a smooth cylindrical surface to be used in winding the 
fibers. 
The prior art, however, as embodied in U.S. Pat. No. 3,871,592 does not 
provide for the positive motion of the wedges and fingers into the 
expanded and retracted positions. It is often desireable to select when 
the collet is in a particular state independent of the rotational speed of 
the collet itself, a function not found in prior art collets. 
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
In accordance with the present invention, a collet, having a plurality of 
radially moveable wedge and finger elements which form a smooth 
cylindrical winding surface in an expanded state is provided with a 
positive and selective drive, independent of the rotational speed of the 
collet, for urging the wedge and finger elements into the expanded state 
and returning them to the retracted state when desired. The finger and 
wedge elements are configured such that movement of one is in response to 
the movement of the other. Moveable guides generally constrained to move 
axially are coupled to one of the wedge and finger elements and provide 
radial movement thereto. The guides are associated with a generating force 
which provides predetermined axial motion to the guides thereby causing 
the radial movement of the finger and wedge elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
As is best seen in FIG. 1, the collet of the present invention may be 
considered as comprising four major components: a stationary shaft 10 and 
associated elements; a hub assembly 100; a housing assembly 110 and a 
piston assembly 120. Briefly, shaft 10 and associated elements are those 
elements which interact with and permit hub assembly 100 to rotate about 
shaft 10. Hub assembly 100 comprises, in part, hub members 26 and 28 and 
associated elements which rotate about shaft 10. Housing assembly 110 is 
keyed to hub assembly 100 and generally comprises those elements such as 
housing member 30, fingers 64 and wedges 84 (best illustrated in FIGS. 2 
and 3) which form the surface of the collet, and guide members 78 which 
couple with piston assembly 120. Piston assembly 120 comprises the various 
elements including piston 46 which translates air pressure introduced into 
piston assembly 120 and the evacuation thereof into movement of the 
various elements of housing assembly 110. 
Referring to FIG. 1, it may be seen that shaft 10 has a mandrel 12 mounted 
thereon. Near the left end of the mandrel 12 is mounted a duplex bearing 
14 secured against shoulder 16 of mandrel 12 by a locknut 18. A 
cylindrical roller bearing 20 is mounted about the right end of mandrel 12 
and secured against axial movement between shoulder 22 and locknut 24. 
Bearing 14 functions to rotatably support one end of hub assembly 100 via 
annular rear hub member 26 while cylindrical bearing 20 serves the 
identical function with respect to annular front hub member 28. 
Annular housing member 30 is bolted to rear hub member 26 by a plurality of 
bolts 32 and to front hub member 28 by bolts 34. The annular clamp rings 
36 and 38 clamped respectively to hubs 26 and 28 serve to ensure against 
relative axial movement between hubs 26, 28 and bearings 14, 20. An end 
cap 42 is tightly bolted to the right end of housing 30 by bolts 44 and is 
provided with an air valve 43. The cavity formed by end cap 42 serves as 
cylinder 45 for piston 46 having a circular head 48 whose outer periphery 
thereto guides along the interior surface 43 of end cap 42. An O-ring 47 
is positioned within a circumferential groove in piston head 48. 
Extending axially from piston head 48 is an annular piston shaft 49 with 
walls appropriately bored with bores 49a to receive a plurality of 
shoulder bolts 50, about which are mounted compression springs 52. Piston 
shaft 49 is provided with a small circumferentially extending rib 51 for a 
purpose to be described. Compression springs 52 are held between 
counterbore shoulders 53 at one end and the head of shoulder bolts 50 at 
the other. An O-ring 55 is positioned around the shaft 49 to provide an 
air tight seal. Shoulder bolts extend through the small diameter portion 
of bores 49a to end cap 42. Thus, piston 46 although spring biased towards 
end cap 42 can move along bolts 50 when a countering force due to 
increased air compression within cylinder 45 is experienced by piston head 
48. 
Reference is made to FIG. 1b which more clearly shows the relationship of 
air valve 43 and cylinder 45. Air valve 43 comprises a stem 43a mounted 
within a bore 44a and secured to valve head 45a. Head 45a abuts in an air 
tight relationship resilient O-ring 46a mounted in and around the mouth of 
air channel pipe 47a leading to cylinder 45. Pipe 47a is provided with an 
annular flange 48a which defines bore 44a and is secured to end cap 42 by 
bolts 49a. A second resilient O-ring 50a mounted in flange 48a abuts valve 
head 45a on the opposite side thereof. Pressure is introduced into the 
collet valve 43 through stem 43a by use of a flexible hose (not shown) 
leading from an outside source of compressed air. The technique is 
identical to the well known process of inflating an automobile tire in 
that such flexible hoses have a force-opening check valve and a nozzle 
mating with stem 43a. An operator presses a hose connected to a source of 
compressed air, rocking valve 43 to one side as shown by the dotted lines 
and compressed air flows into the valve 43. O-ring 50a is then compressed, 
and allowing compressed air to fill cylinder 45 which results in the 
collapse of the collet as described in more detail below. When it is 
desired to evacuate cylinder 45, stem 43a is again rocked to the dotted 
line position, causing head 45a to compress against O-ring 50a and 
allowing compressed air to exit cylinder 45 as desired. While valve 43 as 
shown works satisfactorily, it should be understood that other valve 
mechanisms compatible with the function of the collet of the present 
invention could be employed as well. 
As best viewed in FIGS. 1a, 2 and 3, housing member 30 is provided with a 
plurality of channels 60 and 62 aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis 
of housing member 30 and alternately positioned with respect to each 
other. Positioned within each channel 60 is a finger 64 which, in the side 
sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 3, has a T-shaped section with a downward 
extending stem 65 ending in an enlarged portion called foot 65a. Finger 64 
is mounted to slide within its respective channel 60 in a radial direction 
with respect to the longitudinal axis of member 30. Channel 60 is provided 
with an enlarged portion 60a geometrically complimentary to and enclosing 
foot 65a. Radial movement of finger 64 is permitted but restricted by the 
cooperation between channel portion 60a and foot 65a. Axial movement of 
finger 64, i.e. movement in the direction of the axis of shaft 10, is 
prevented by the abutment of the ends of fingers 64 with hub member 26 and 
end cap 42. The top surfaces 66 of fingers 64 are slightly curved toward 
arms 72 thereof which generally extend in the same direction as stems 65 
and terminate at shoulders 74. Each arm 72 further provides a side 
engaging surface 76 which diverges outwardly from the radial center line 
of their respective fingers 64. 
Channels 62, like channels 60, have an enlarged bottom portion 62a and 
houses axially moveable guides 78 having a complimentary configuration 
including an enlarged base 80 and a pair of spaced arms 82. Base 80 by 
virtue of its tight complimentary fit within enlarged portion 62a of 
channel 62 prevents radial movement of guide 78 but permits axial 
movement. Wedges 84 located between each finger 64 has a stem 86 
positioned between arms 82 of guide 78. Axial movement of wedges 84 is 
restricted due to the abutment of each end thereof against hub member 26 
and end cap 42. Each wedge 84 is coupled to its respective guide 78 
through the interaction of a roller 94 mounted in slots 96 and 98 
respectively formed in the spaced arms 82 of respective guide 78 and slot 
98 in the stem 86. Roller 94 rotates fully within slot and is axially 
constrained by the abutment of its end thereof against adjacent interior 
surfaces of housing 30. 
Wedges 84 have side surfaces 88 which diverge outwardly from the radial 
center line thereof and are complimentary to and abut finger side surfaces 
76. The top or outer surface 90 of wedge 84 is slightly curved toward side 
surfaces 88 such that, when fingers 64 and wedges 84 move radially outward 
to the fullest extent possible, the respective top surfaces 66 and 90 form 
a smooth continuous cylindrical surface. 
Referring again to FIG. 4a, it may be seen on the right hand side that each 
guide 78 has a notch 79 which fits over rib 51 on piston shaft 49. 
Coupling of each guide 78 to piston 46 provides the axial movement to 
guide 78 as piston 46 moves and the consequential radial movement of 
wedges 84 and fingers 64. 
To best understand the operative sequence of the present invention, 
reference is made to FIGS. 4A-4D in which piston 46 is being moved from 
left to right, i.e. in the direction of end cap 42, by springs 50. In the 
operation sequence portrayed by FIG. 4A, the air pressure within cylinder 
45 formed by end cap 42 has caused piston 46 to be positioned as far to 
the left of end cap 42 as possible. In this position, collet 10 is in its 
contracted state. As the air pressure within cylinder 45 is reduced, 
piston 46 is urged to the right by springs 52. Guides 78 must follow due 
to the coupling interaction therebetween. The axial movement of guides 78 
with respective guide slots 96 cause each roller 94 mounted therein to 
rotate up the surface of its respective slot 96, bearing against the upper 
surface of slot 98 of respective wedge 84. Wedge 84 constrained for 
radially movement only then moves radially upward as depicted by vertical 
arrows in FIG. 4B. Wedge side surfaces 88 then engage finger side surfaces 
76 causing upward radial movement of fingers 64 also. When piston 46 
ceases further movement, and is positioned as illustrated in FIG. 4D, the 
collet is in its fully expanded condition (per FIG. 3). 
The provision of paired slots 94, 96 and roller 94 to provide for the range 
of desired mechanical motions is preferred, but other mechanical coupling 
arrangements may be employed as required. For example, arms 82 may be 
provided with a cylindrical cam member extending between the arms and 
through slot 98 in each wedge. As guide 78 moves, slot 98 follows the 
cylindrical cam and moves its respective wedge 84 in a radial direction. 
It is important, however, to insure that radial motion of wedges (and 
fingers) is coordinated with the axial movement of guides. In the 
preferred paired slot arrangement, it has been found that a specified 
axial movement of the guides should cause the same vertical movementin the 
fingers. Thus, a 45.degree. slot angle is preferred although depending 
upon the precise application other angles may be emphasized. Adjustment of 
the slot angle changes the magnitude of relative movement between the 
guide and fingers. 
To reverse the sequence of operation toward an expanded state the air 
cylinder 45 is charged with an appropriate air pressure through valve 43 
to overcome the resistance of springs 52. Initially, the condition of the 
collet is as is shown in FIG. 4D with the piston head 48 adjacent to the 
interior surface of end cap 42. When air is charged in cylinder 45, piston 
46 moves to the left, compressing springs 52 and engaging guide 78. The 
coupling interaction between guide 78 and respective wedge 84 causes wedge 
84 to move radially inward whereupon the outer periphery of the lower edge 
of wedge side surfaces 88 make abutting contact with shoulder 74 of 
adjacent fingers 64. Continued inward movement of wedge 84 causes similar 
movement of finger 64 until the respective side engaging surfaces 76 and 
88 make contact as shown in FIG. 2. Further, inward movement is prevented. 
The sequence is thus complete with the collet 10 being returned to its 
contracted state as shown in FIG. 4A. 
It will be understood that the foregoing description is of a preferred 
embodiment of the present invention and is not limited to the specific 
forms shown. Modification may be made in the design and arrangement of the 
element within the scope of the present invention as expressed in the 
appended claims.