Mobile radio communications system

A mobile communications system accommodating both expanded spectrum (ES) mobiles and non-expanded spectrum (NES) mobiles incorporates a first set of (ES) channels and a second set of (NES) channels. A proportion of the channel requests from ES mobiles are allocated to a queue for NES channels. NES channels are allocated to these ES mobiles until no further NES resources are available. Further requests from ES mobiles in the NES channel queue are then met by allocating available ES channels. This provides an enhanced efficiency of utilisation of channel resources. Advantageously, a subset of NES channels is reserved for preferential use by NES mobiles to ensure fair allocation of channels between the two types of user, these channels being allocated to ES mobiles only if no other channels are currently available.

This invention relates to mobile radio communications systems and in 
particular to the allocation of channels to mobile subscribers in such 
systems. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
Mobile communications systems are currently being developed to accommodate 
both the original FCC allocated spectrum, i.e. channels 1 to 666 for 
non-expanded spectrum (NES) use, and the additional FCC allocated 
spectrum, i.e. channels 667 to 799 and 991 to 1023 for expanded spectrum 
(ES) use. When a mobile subscriber wishes to make a call, a channel 
request is initiated so that a free channel can then be allocated to the 
mobile. In a practical system, particularly under busy conditions, a large 
number of channel requests will be made and these requests need to be 
queued to await processing. In current systems servicing both expanded 
spectrum (ES) and non-expanded spectrum (NES) mobiles, channel allocation 
is effected in the following way. The ES and NES mobiles making channel 
requests are placed in separate queues based on the time order in which 
the requests were made. For NES mobile requests only the NES channel 
queues are searched to find a free channel. For ES mobile requests 
however, both the ES and NES channel queues are searched, i.e. a NES 
channel is allocated only if all the ES channels are busy. This results in 
the ES channels being used at a much higher rate than the NES channels. 
During busy hours excessive interference can occur within the more heavily 
used expanded spectrum causing a consequent reduction in the perceived 
quality of service. 
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the invention to minimise or overcome the above 
disadvantage. 
It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved method of 
channel allocation in a mobile communications system accommodating both ES 
and NES mobiles. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The invention provides a method allocating channels to mobile terminals in 
a cellular radio communications system accommodating expanded spectrum 
(ES) terminals and non expanded spectrum (NES) terminals, said channels 
comprising a first set of ES channels and a second set of NES channels. 
The method includes allocating channel requests from NES mobiles to a 
first queue for available NES channels; allocating a proportion of channel 
requests from ES mobiles to said first queue for available NES channels; 
allocating the remainder of the channel requests from the ES mobiles to a 
second queue for available ES channels; and responding to channel requests 
from ES mobiles in said first queue by searching in order the NES channels 
and the ES channels so as to allocate available channels in response to 
said requests. 
Advantageously, a subset of NES channels is reserved primarily for use by 
NES mobiles to ensure fair allocation of channels between the two types of 
user, these channels being allocated to ES mobiles only if no other 
channels are currently available. 
The relative proportions of the ES channel requests allocated to the one or 
the other channel queue may be based on the relative numbers of the two 
types of channel. The allocation is preferably on a random basis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to FIG. 1, there is depicted in highly schematic form part of a 
mobile cellular communications network or system. The service area of the 
system is subdivided into a plurality of contiguous cells 11 in each of 
which mobile terminals 10a, 10b, are serviced via a respective base 
station 12. The mobile terminals comprise expanded spectrum (ES) terminals 
10a and non-expanded spectrum (NES) terminals 10b. Operation of a group of 
base stations 12 is controlled via a base station controller 13 and, in 
turn, a number of base station controllers are serviced by a mobile 
switching centre 14 which may provide an interface to the public 
telecommunications network 15. With this arrangement, the mobile switching 
centre 14 may service, via the base station controllers 13 and the base 
stations 12, over one hundred individual cells 11. Information relating to 
the mobiles 10a, 10b within the service area of the mobile switching 
centre 14 is stored in a visitors location register 16 associated with the 
switching centre. A mobile 10a or 10b wishing to make a call transmits a 
channel request which enters an ES or NES channel queue in time order with 
similar requests. Communications channels are allocated in response to the 
queued requests from a first set of expanded spectrum channels and a 
second set of non-expanded spectrum channels as will be described below. 
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, there are two kinds of channel requests in 
the mobile communications system of FIG. 1. These are NES mobile requests 
and ES mobile requests, these requests being handled separately. It is 
only the ES mobile requests that are affected by our channel allocation 
algorithm, the NES requests being processed in order by the allocation of 
the next available NES channel. For the purposes of explanation however, 
the processing of both classes of requests will be described below. 
In the channel allocation scheme detailed in FIG. 2, which shows a 
schematic diagram or flow chart of the channel allocation process, a 
random distribution algorithm is used for processing ES mobile requests. 
Based on a predetermined probability value, a search order for channel 
allocation is assigned for these channel requests. This probability value 
is used to define the chance that the NES channel queues should be 
searched first or the ES channel queues should be searched first to find a 
free channel. Each ES mobile request is thus randomly assigned to one or 
the other of the two channel queues. An estimated probability value for 
this queue allocation may be calculated from the total available channels 
in the entire NES and ES. In a typical example where there are 333 NES 
channels and 83 ES channels (a total of 416 channels), the distribution 
channel queue allocations for ES mobile requests is 80% (333/416), on 
average, using NES channels and 20% (83/416) using ES channels. This 
probability value can be adjusted or weighted if necessary to meet 
individual cellular office needs. 
It is preferred that the NES to ES ratio should not exceed 80% to prevent 
overuse of the NES channels with a consequent risk of interference and the 
denial of a significant number of NES channel requests. 
To reduce the possibility that a NES mobile request is denied while there 
are ES channel resources available, a new variable, non-expanded Spectrum 
Reserved (NESRESV), may be introduced. NESRESV is used to ensure that the 
NES only mobiles have a fair chance to compete for the resources with the 
ES capable mobiles. NESRESV is defined as the percentage of in-service 
non-expanded Spectrum (NES) voice channels which are reserved for NES only 
mobiles. These are reserved NES resources which are not used for expanded 
spectrum (ES) mobiles unless all the available ES channels and unreserved 
NES channels have been exhausted. 
The optimal value of NESRESV is dependent on a number of factors such as 
the number of ES and NES mobiles in the system, the sequence in which the 
ES and NES channel requests are made, the size of the channel queues and 
the number of ES and NES calls at different times. This optimal value can 
be different from office to office, or even from cell to cell. As an 
initial approximation, the optimal value of NESRESV may be estimated from 
the ratio of tile total number of registered NES mobiles and the total 
number of registered ES mobiles in the system. This initial estimate may 
then be evaluated by determining the number of NES channel requests that 
are refused as a result of non-availability of an NES channel at the same 
time that ES channels are free. If this number is zero, or close to zero 
then the value of NESRESV is considered optimum. If however there is a 
significant number of NES refusals then this is an indication that the 
value of NESRESV is less than optimum and should thus be increased. 
FIG. 3 illustrates the allocation of the ES and NES channel resources to 
requesting mobiles. In FIG. 3 there are two channel request queues, the 
NES and ES queues. The shaded part of the NES queue indicates the NES 
reserve channels. Each solid arrow and the number beside it is used to 
indicate the searching order for ES capable mobile requests. Each dotted 
arrow and the number and the number beside it is used to indicate the 
search order for NES only mobile request. 
The NES and ES channel requests are processed in the following way: 
NES mobile requests: 
A channel is allocated from the NES queues according to the request 
specification. The unreserved NES channels (FIG. 3) are searched first as 
indicated by the dotted arrow 1a. If no unreserved channel is available, 
then the reserved (NESREV) channels are searched as indicated by the 
dotted arrow 1b 
ES mobile requests: 
Depending on the random distribution of the ES channel requests, a search 
order is assigned to each request, either the ES channels to be searched 
first or the NES channels to be searched first as indicated in the flow 
chart of FIG. 2. If the ES channel request is assigned to the ES channel 
queue, then the ES channels (FIG. 3) are searched first as indicated by 
the arrow 2a. If no ES channels are currently available, then the NES 
channels will be searched commencing with the unreserved channels as 
indicated by the arrow 2b and finally the reserved channels as indicated 
by the arrow 2c. A reserved channel will be allocated to a requesting ES 
mobile only if no unreserved channels are currently available. 
In the case that NES channels are searched first, i.e. where the ES request 
has been allocated to the NES queue FIG. 2), then the initial search of 
the NES channels (FIG. 3) is limited to the unreserved channels as 
indicated by the arrow 3a. The NES channel queues are searched but the 
NESRESV boundary will not be crossed. If no unreserved NES channels are 
currently available, then the search is switched to the ES channels. If no 
ES channels are currently available, then the reserved NES channels will 
be searched. (FIG. 3) for an available channel for allocation to the 
requesting ES mobile. Thus, a reserved NES channel is allocated to a 
requesting ES mobile allocated to the NES queue only if no unreserved NES 
channels and no ES channels are currently available. 
The random allocation of an ES channel request to one or the other of the 
two search orders may be achieved by generating a random number for each 
request. There are a number of ways in which this can be achieved. In our 
system we prefer to employ the timing of each ES channel request for the 
basis of this randomisation as these events occur on an essentially random 
basis. For each ES channel request, the time of the request in 
milliseconds as determined by the system clock is divided by 100 to 
provide a remainder in the range 0 to 99, this remainder being effectively 
a random number which can then be used as a basis for search order 
allocation. For example, if it is required to allocate 20% of the ES 
requests to the NES queue, then all requests for which the remainder from 
the division procedure is in the range 0 to 19 can be allocated to the NES 
queue and all other requests for which the remainder lies in the range 20 
to 99 can be allocated to the ES queue. 
The channel request allocation technique described above has been found to 
provide a significant reduction in interference within the expanded 
spectrum in comparison with, the conventional channel allocation technique 
while not unduly limiting the availability of NES channels to NES mobile 
terminals.