Device for the placing of spreaders

A device for the placing of a spreader in the hind legs of a slaughtered animal comprising two penetration devices, each of which comprises a penetration pin provided with a pointed end, a penetration tube which is movable in the axial direction and is open at one end, the penetration pin being axially accommodated within the penetration tube and the penetration pin being movable within the penetration tube in the axial direction, and a slide-off mechanism which is movable relative to the penetration tube. In operation, the laps of the slaughtered animal are positioned relative to the penetration device and the toes of the slaughtered animal are bent relative to its legs virtually at a right angle with the aid of a toe presser. The penetration tube with the penetration pin projecting therefrom is inserted through a hind leg of the slaughtered animal between the bone and the tendons thereof, the penetration pin is retracted into the penetration tube, the hind legs are spread, the opening of each penetration tube is placed over a corresponding end of the spreader, each hind leg is moved off the penetration tube onto the corresponding end of the spreader by means of the slide-off mechanism, and the penetration tubes are freed from the ends of the spreader.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to a device for the placing of spreaders in the hind 
legs of slaughtered animals, in particular pigs. 
DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART 
Suspending slaughtered animals by the hind legs from a so-called spreader 
(suspension brace) for processing of the carcass is generally known. This 
spreader has two ends which in the position in which the spreader is used 
point upwards and are each inserted through a hind leg between the bone 
and the adjacent tendons. The spreader is further provided with a 
conveyance hook, by means of which conveyance of the slaughtered animal on 
the spreader through the slaughterhouse is simple to achieve with a 
conveyor. Another function of the spreader is to keep the hind legs 
spread, so that the belly side of the animal is readily accessible to the 
butcher. 
It has hitherto been customary to place the spreader manually in the hind 
legs of the slaughtered animal. For this, an incision has to be made with 
a sharp object, for example a knife, at the desired point in a first hind 
leg, into which incision one end of the spreader can be inserted. After 
this, it is not easy to place the spreader, since the forced incision has 
the tendency to close on removal of the knife. It is important here to 
relax as much as possible the tendons running along the bone, in order to 
obtain the required space for the placing of the spreader. In order to 
relax the tendons, the toes of the hind leg must be bent back as far as 
possible, and the legs must be in a natural position as far as possible, 
with little or no spread. 
Bending the toes requires a relatively great exertion of force. 
For the placing of the second end of the spreader in the second hind leg, 
an additional complication is that the spreader, one end of which is 
already placed, is difficult to manipulate, while the toes of the second 
hind leg have to be bent and the legs have to be spread simultaneously. 
During the spreading of the hind legs, they twist outwards about the 
lengthwise direction, so that the incision to be made in the second hind 
leg does not lie parallel to the incision in the first hind leg. 
Account must also be taken of differences in build of the body between 
different animals. 
It will be clear that for its placing the spreader is detached from the 
spreader conveyor, because it is easier to handle than the much heavier 
animal. After placing of the spreader in the hind legs of the animal, it 
is returned to the conveyor, with the animal suspended from it. 
Recapitulating, the placing of a spreader manually requires considerable 
human effort and is relatively time-consuming. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The object of the invention is to provide a device by which the placing of 
a spreader can be carried out mechanically. 
This object is attained by the deice according to the present invention 
which comprises two penetration devices, each of which comprises a 
penetration pin having a pointed end and a penetration tube which is 
movable in the axial direction and is open at one end, and a slide-off 
mechanism which is movable relative to the penetration tube. The 
penetration pin is accommodated axially within the penetration tube and is 
movable within the penetration tube in its axial direction. The device of 
the present invention further comprises means for positioning of the legs 
of the slaughtered animal relative to the penetration device and toe 
presser means for bending the toes of the slaughtered animal relative to 
its legs virtually at a right angle. Further, the device of the present 
invention comprises means for positioning and fixing the slaughtered 
animal such that the device may act upon the slaughtered animal, and 
control means for moving and placing the slaughtered animal, the spreader, 
the leg positioning means, the toe pressers, and the penetration devices 
in such a way that the device can properly act upon the slaughtered 
animal. 
In operation, the penetration pin projects from the open end of the 
penetration tube such that the penetration tube together with the 
penetration pin projecting therefrom may be inserted at a predetermined 
place on the slaughtered animal, generally through a hind leg between the 
bone and the tendons thereof. The penetration pin is inserted at this 
predetermined place forming an opening which allows the penetration tube 
also to be inserted through the hind leg. Following insertion, the 
penetration pin is retracted into the penetration tube, the hind legs with 
the penetration tubes placed in them are spread, the opening of each 
penetration tube is placed over a corresponding end of the spreader, each 
hind leg is moved off of the respective penetration tube and into the 
corresponding end of the spreader by means of the slide-off mechanism, and 
the penetration tubes are free from the ends of the spreader. 
In the device according to the invention the legs are positioned and fixed 
by mechanical means in a predetermined manner, while the jobs which were 
previously carried out by hand, such as bending the toes, making incisions 
and placing spreaders, can now be carried out particularly quickly and 
reproducibly without human intervention. 
Other claims and many of the attendant advantages will be more readily 
appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the 
following detailed description and considered in connection with the 
accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols designate like parts 
in the figures.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
FIG. 1a side view of an embodiment of a leg positioning device, and fixing 
means according to the invention; 
FIG. 1b shows a top view the fixing means according to FIG. 1a; 
FIGS. 2a, 2b and 3-5 shows the leg positioning device and the fixing means 
according to FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, illustrating successive stages in 
positioning and fixing of a hind leg; 
FIG. 6 a side view, also a partial cross-section, of an embodiment of a 
penetration device according to the invention fitted at one side of the 
leg positioning device. 
FIGS. 7-8 the penetration device according to FIG. 6, illustrating 
successive stages of penetration into the hind leg; 
FIG. 9 shows a side view of the leg positioning device FIG. 1a, in which 
the situation after penetration is shown; 
FIG. 10 shows the lateral swinging away of the penetration device according 
to FIG. 8, together with the hind leg and the penetration tube placed in 
it; 
FIGS. 10a and 10b show in side view and front view, respectively, a 
preferred embodiment of the penetration pin point; 
FIG. 11-12 show a side view of an embodiment of a spreader positioning 
device according to the invention, to illustrate the positioning of the 
spreader between the spread hind legs; 
FIGS. 13-15 show a part of the penetration device according to FIG. 10 
relating to the positioning of a penetration tube relative to one end of 
the spreader, to illustrate the transfer of the hind leg from the 
penetration tube to the end of the spreader; 
FIGS. 16-17 show the spreader positioning device, to illustrate the placing 
of the spreader, loaded with the animal, on a conveyor; 
FIG. 18 shows a partial perspective view of the spreader-placing device 
described; 
FIGS 19a-19d show a turning device for turning slaughtered lying on one 
side onto their backs; 
FIG. 20 shows a side view of a device for feeding in spreaders. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Where arrows without reference numerals are shown in the figures, direction 
of movement of parts are indicated. 
FIG. 1a shows a hind leg 1 of a pig lying on its back, positioned in an 
element which is U-shaped in cross-section, and described below as a leg 
holder 2. The leg holder 2 has a leg stop 3, against which the rear side 
of the hind leg 1 rests, and two parts which support the hind leg 1 on 
either side. These parts, only one of which can be seen in the figure, are 
made mirror-symmetrical and are provided with flaring lead-in parts 4 
which facilitate the insertion of the legs 1 into the leg holder from the 
righthand side. The above-mentioned parts are provided with a recess at 
this side of the leg holder 2. 
A leg-fixing means, described below as a leg presser 5, is fitted near the 
leg holder 2 and cooperates therewith. Said leg presser 5 is fixed to a 
frame 36 in such a way that it is rotatable about an axis 6, and the leg 
presser 5 can be turned by extending a drive rod 7, rotatably connected to 
the leg presser 5, out of a doubleacting cylinder/piston unit 8. The leg 
presser also has an hourglass-shaped wheel 9 which is fixed so that it can 
rotate about an axis 10. The design of the leg presser 5 is illustrated 
further with reference to FIG. 1b, which shows a top view of the leg 
presser 5. 
FIGS. 2a and 2b again show the leg holder 2 and the leg presser 5, in this 
case the leg presser 5, after being turned, fixing the hind leg 1 with the 
wheel 9 against leg stop 3. 
The cylinder/piston unit 8 and the units 13, 15, 23, 24, 26, 31 and 61 
hereafter to be discussed are energized by means of a central control. 
FIGS. 3-5 show again the positioning and fixing means according to FIG. 1a. 
Reference number 11 indicates an element, called a heel pusher below, 
comprising a lever which is rotatable about an axis 12 by means of a drive 
rod of a double-acting cylinder/piston unit 13. With the heel pusher 11, 
the hind leg 1 can be pushed upwards along the leg stop 3, partly due to 
the fact that the leg presser 5 is provided with the wheel 9 which can 
turn during the sliding upwards. With the heel pusher it is possible, 
despite differences in leg size and initial fixing of the leg 1 against 
the leg stop 3, to move the place where the toes have to be bent to a 
position above the top face 14 of the leg stop 3. This is illustrated in 
FIG. 3. An element, described below as a toe presser 16, is then moved 
downwards, again by means of a drive rod of a double-acting 
cylinder/piston unit 15. The toe presser is provided with a curved surface 
17 which is tilted slightly towards the front side of the toes, by means 
of which the toes are bent after contact between the toes and said surface 
17. Prior to or during the downward movement of the toe presser 16, the 
heel pusher 11 is returned to its initial position, so that the leg 1 with 
the toes bent through approximately 90.degree. relative to the leg can 
slide down between the leg stop 3 and the wheel 9 until the toes are 
resting on the top face 14 of the leg stop 3. The movement of the toe 
presser 14 is illustrated in FIG. 4. On completion of this movement, the 
hind leg 1 is fully positioned and fixed, this situation being illustrated 
in FIG. 5. At the same time, the manipulations described with reference to 
FIGS. 1-5 have also taken place with the other hind leg, both hind legs 
being spread little if at all, something which is determined by the 
positioning of one leg holder 2 relative to the other. 
FIGS. 6-8 show the rear side of the hind leg 1, adjacent to which a 
penetration device 20 according to the invention is set up. For the sake 
of clarity, the leg stop 3, the heel pusher 11 and the toe presser 16 with 
the operating equipment are not shown here. The penetration device 20 
comprises, inter alia, a penetration pin 21, a penetration tube 22, and 
two double-acting cylinder/piston units 23, 24 for moving the penetration 
pin 21 and the penetration tube 22. 
FIG. 6 shows the initial position of the penetration device 20, ready for 
thrusting towards the point 18 shown, for example, in FIG. 5. The 
penetration pin 21 is provided with a point, a preferred embodiment of 
which will be discussed below with reference to FIGS. 10a and 10b, and is 
disposed so that it is axially displaceable by means of the 
cylinder/piston unit 23 in the penetration tube 22. The penetration pin 21 
can take up two positions here: a position in which the point of the 
penetration pin 21 projects from the penetration tube 22, and a position 
in which the point of the penetration pin 21 is retracted into the 
penetration tube 22. The cylinder/piston unit 23 which drives the 
penetration pin 21 is fixed inside a sleeve 19 which is connected to the 
penetration tube 22, which sleeve is fixed on the piston rod 24a of the 
cylinder/piston unit 24 by means of the corner piece 19a. 
The penetration tube 22 is thus axially displaceable by means of the 
cylinder/piston unit 24, during which movement the penetration pin 21 is 
carried along, if the cylinder 23 is energized in the direction of the 
arrow. Penetration tube 22 and sleeve 19 are slidably guided in a suitable 
guide piece 25a, fixed to the bracket 26a, which is rotatable about the 
axis 25. 
From the initial position, shown in FIG. 6, the penetration pin 21 and the 
penetration tube 22 are inserted at penetration place 18 by the unit 24 
through the hind leg 1, which is fixed by means of the leg presser 5 and 
the toe presser 16 on the leg stop 3. This place is determined in such a 
way that the point of the penetration pin is inserted between the bone and 
the tendons running along the bone. 
FIG. 7 shows the result of this action, which is followed by retracting the 
penetration pin 21 into the penetration tube 22 by means of a unit 23, 
which is shown in FIG. 8. 
After the penetration tube 22 is placed in the hind leg 1 in the manner 
described above, the positioning and fixing means, which until then were 
pressing the leg 1 against the leg stop 3, i.e. the leg presser 5 and the 
toe presser 16, are moved back to their initial position. 
FIG. 9 shows the released hind leg 1, with the penetration tube 22 shown 
schematically therein, in a view according to FIG. 1a. The leg is 
positioned laterally here by the leg holder 2. 
The device according to the invention comprises two penetration devices 20 
of the type described above, one for each hind leg, which devices are 
designed mirror symmetrically relative to an imaginary vertical plane, 
halfway between the hind legs 1 of the animal. 
FIG. 10 then shows the stage of the lateral swinging away of a penetration 
device 20 together with the leg holder 2, about the axis 25, by means of 
the double-acting cylinder/piston unit 26. This takes place for the two 
penetration devices 20 simultaneously, but in opposite directions, so that 
the hind legs are thus spread. 
The penetration pin 21 is preferably provided with a point which does not 
lie on the axis of the penetration pin 21, but is off-center relative 
thereto in a position which during the penetration lies closer to the bone 
than to the tendons, in order always to make a correct penetration in the 
case of legs 1 of different animals with slightly differing proportions. 
FIGS. 10a and 10b show in side view and front view respectively a preferred 
embodiment of the penetration pin point. The point is formed by the 
cutting point of four faces, and the pin is arranged in such a way in the 
penetration device 20 that the face A moves along the bone during the 
penetration, and the face B moves along the tendons during the 
penetration. The joint penetration of the penetration pin 21 and the 
penetration tube 22 can also be facilitated by providing the end of the 
penetration tube 22 with a bevelled edge, as shown in FIG. 10a. 
FIG. 11 next shows the placing of a spreader 27 between the spread hind 
legs 1 in the leg holders 2. The spreader 27 is brought into the desired 
position in two stages by means of a spreader positioning device 28 in 
which the spreader is fixed. In the first instance, the arm 29 is turned 
downwards about the axis of rotation 30, by means of a drive (not shown in 
any further detail), from an essentially horizontal position until the 
ends of the spreader 27 are at the same level as the penetration tube 22, 
as shown in FIG. 11. 
FIG. 12 shows the spreader manipulation in the second instance, produced by 
the double-acting cylinder/piston unit 31 fixed on the arm 29 of the 
spreader positioning device. This movement consists of a tilting movement 
about an axis of rotation at the level of the penetration tube 22. The 
spreader 27 is in this way taken into a virtually vertical position, in 
which the two ends of the spreader 27 are on a horizontal line, and the 
conveyance hook thereof is hanging down. 
FIGS. 13-15 then show the way in which a hind leg is transferred from the 
penetration tube 22 to the positioned spreader 27. In these figures, 
non-essential parts such as the spreader positioning device 28, are 
omitted for the sake of clarity, and the parts which are shown are 
indicated schematically. 
FIG. 13 shows the way in which the penetration device 20 with the 
penetration tube 22 and the leg holder 2--and thus the leg--are turned 
about the center of rotation 25 in such a way that the open end of the 
penetration tube is placed over one end of the spreader. The movement of 
the penetration device 20 is stopped here by the arm 32 connected thereto 
which meets the stop 33. The stop 33 prevents the penetration tube 22 from 
being pressed hard onto the end of the spreader, so that there is no risk 
of jamming and damage. 
FIG. 14 shows the sliding of the hind leg off the penetration tube. In the 
embodiment shown, use is made of the leg holder 2 as the slide-off 
mechanism, but it is of course possible to use another mechanism for this, 
if the leg holders are swung aside. 
FIG. 15 shows the turning back of the penetration device 20 with the 
penetration tube 22, after the hind leg is placed fully on the spreader. 
The advantage of such turning of the spreader that the ends thereof point 
downwards is clear from the above figures and descriptions of figures. 
These ends then lie virtually in line with the axis of each penetration 
tube, and the sliding of the legs off the penetration tubes onto the 
spreader ends then takes place particularly easily. 
In FIG. 16 the spreader placed in the hind leg is moved back by the unit 31 
of the spreader positioning device 28 to the position shown in FIG. 11. 
FIG. 17 shows the movement of the arm 29 back to the initial position by 
means of a drive, which is not shown in any further detail. Prior to this 
movement, the leg holder 2 is swung away, in order to provide the 
necessary space. Since the spreader 27 is placed in the two hind legs 1 of 
the slaughtered animal, the animal is also carried up during the upward 
movement of the arm 29. The arm movement is facilitated by moving the 
animal simultaneously by means of a conveyor belt 41 in the direction 
shown. The conveyance hook of the spreader is placed in the position 
shown, by means which are not shown in any further detail, on a conveyance 
tube 35 which is arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane, as a result 
of which the spreader 27 with the animal hanging from it will slide away, 
due to the force of gravity, to a following part of the conveyor, by means 
of which the animal can be moved further through the slaughterhouse for 
butchering. 
FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention. 
The parts described with reference to the preceding figures, such as the 
leg holders 2, the leg pressers 5, the heel pushers, the toe pressers 16, 
the penetration devices and the spreader positioning device, are in the 
background, and partly not shown. They are all movable fixed to the frame 
36. In the foreground two conveyor mechanisms are shown, in this case 
conveyor belts 40, 41, on which the slaughtered animal can be conveyed 
lying on its back. The direction of conveyance is indicated by arrows, and 
the animals are positioned on the conveyor belts with their hind legs in 
the direction of conveyance. In this position in which the legs are 
directed upwards, it is particularly simple to take the hind legs 1 into 
the leg holders 2 by means of the drive of the conveyor belt 41, as shown 
in FIG. 1a. A sensor, e.g. a light-sensitive cell at one side of the 
conveyor belt, coupled to a light source set up at the other side of the 
conveyor belt, the light beam of which is interrupted by a passing animal, 
ensures a suitable control of the drive, so that the leg holders 2 cannot 
be damaged by a collision with the animal. 
During operation of the device the complication can arise that one of the 
two, or both, hind legs 1 are lying over the belly of the animal. In order 
to be sure that the animal arrives at the leg holders 2 with its hind legs 
1 upright, provision is made for a leg guide 42, designed as a horizontal, 
wedge-shaped structure whose tip is movable in the vertical direction 
through turning of the structure about an axis 43. The tip of the 
essentially horizontally arranged leg guide 42 is always held down by the 
force of gravity or by the force of a spring. The tip of the leg guide is 
also bent upwards slightly. 
The leg guide works as follows: When an animal is brought in along the 
conveyor belt 41, the leg guide 42 slides between the hind legs 1 over the 
belly of the animal, and the increasingly widening leg guide 42 raises up 
any legs 1 lying on the belly. 
Placed upstream of the conveyor belt 41 is a second conveyor belt 40 which 
runs in the same direction at a lower speed. This means that if a 
continuous row of animals arrives on the conveyor belt 40, space is 
obtained between the animals at the transition from belt 40 to belt 41. 
This space can be used by providing a light source or a light-sensitive 
cell on either side of the end of the conveyor belt 40, by means of which 
such a space can be established, and this information can also be used for 
such control of the drive of the belt 40 that there is always only one 
animal at a time on the belt 41, while several ready animals are on belt 
40. 
If desired, a stop partition 60, which can be moved in a vertical direction 
to two rest positions, can be placed between the first and the second 
conveyor belts, which stop partition in one position impedes the 
conveyance of animals from conveyor belt 40 to conveyor belt 41, while in 
the other position it does not constitute such an obstruction. The 
movement of the stop partition 60, which is controlled by means of the 
above-mentioned light-sensitive cell, and is carried out by means of a 
double-acting cylinder/piston unit 61, provides mechanical certainty for 
the requirement that only one animal at a time may be on belt 41. 
Prior to the treatment in the device according to the invention, the 
animals lie with their hind legs in the direction of conveyance, but on 
one side. For turning the animals from their sides onto their backs, 
provision is made for a turning device, which is shown in FIGS. 19a and 
19b. The turning device is arranged upstream of the conveyor belt 40 and 
comprises two chutes 44, 45, of which the first chute 44 is placed at a 
small angle to the horizontal plane, for example 5.degree. to 10.degree., 
and the second chute 45 widens out from the center and is placed at a 
small angle to the first chute 44. The width of the last chute 45 is 
essentially equal to the greatest width of the animal. The speed of 
conveyance of the conveyor belt 40 is selected to be approximately the 
same as the speed at which the animal leaves the chute 45. 
In order to keep the animals on their backs during the remaining conveyance 
along the conveyor belts 40, 41, guide plates 46 are placed on either side 
of the belts, as shown in FIG. 18, said guide plates being fitted so that 
they are movable at right angles to the direction of conveyance and are 
spring-loaded towards the center of the conveyor belt, and are placed at a 
distance from each other which essentially corresponds to the greatest 
width of the animal 
The infeed of spreaders 27 is explained with reference to FIG. 20. The 
spreaders 27 arrive at the spreader positioning device, sliding along a 
tubular infeed device 50, where they are buffered while awaiting use. From 
the buffer the spreaders are fed in to the spreader positioning device 28 
one by one by means of, for example, a spreading roller 51. The arm 29 has 
gripping elements which can grip the spreader 27 which has been fed in, 
following which it can be positioned in the manner described in connection 
with FIGS. 11 and 12. 
The parts of the device described are preferably made of stainless steel, 
since the surface thereof is exposed to relatively polluting and rough 
operating conditions, while the hygiene of the device has to be ensured. 
It will be clear that the above description is based on a device in which a 
spreader is placed in the hind legs of the slaughtered animal lying on its 
back. It is then possible without further ado to design a device which can 
place the spreader if the animal is not only lying on its back, but is 
lying on, e.g., one side or on its belly, without departing from the 
principles described in the claims. 
Of course, the device according to the invention can also be used for 
placing spreaders in the hind legs of dead slaughtered animals other than 
pigs, for example cattle or sheep, in which case the positioning, fixing 
and control means must be adapted to the specific physical features of the 
animals in question.