Filter for intra-channel clarification

A filter for use in conjunction with an intrachannel clarifier is provided comprising an enclosure, positionable within a channel and connectible to an intrachannel clarifier, and having a floor and sides; a filter compartment fixed within the enclosure, and having sides, either connected to or coincidental with the sides of the enclosure and segregating the interior of the filter compartment from the remainder of the enclosure; a porous medium support, fixedly connected to the sides of the enclosure and positioned within the filter compartment; a bottom, below the medium support and fixedly connected to the sides of the filter compartment; a filter medium, positioned within the filter compartment above the medium support; a conduit, connecting between the interior of the filter compartment beneath the medium support and the interior of the enclosure; a liquid dispersion mechanism, positioned within the filter compartment above the filter medium, for receiving liquid from outside the enclosure and dispersing the liquid over the filter medium; and a liquid transfer mechanism, connected to the interior of the enclosure, for transferring liquid out of the enclosure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
This invention relates generally to filters, and, more particularly, to 
filters which are utilized to clarify water in sewage treatment or other 
liquid waste treatment processes. 
2. Prior Art 
In the treatment of liquid wastes. such as sewage, many processes are 
utilized to accomplish various stages of clarification of the wastes. One 
group of processes uses an oxidation ditch or other such channel to 
circulate waste liquids for aeration prior to further treatment. Various 
devices have been designed to clarify the aerated wastes inside the 
oxidation ditch or channel. Such devices have been referred to as 
intra-channel clarifiers, among other terms. Examples of systems utilizing 
intra-channel clarification can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,303,516, 
4,362,625, 4,383,922 and 4,457,844. Once the waste is processed by the 
intra-channel clarifier, it is normally transferred by gravity flow or 
other means to a point outside of the channel for removal or further 
treatment, such as filtration. Additional treatment outside the channel 
requires additional energy consumption and land use as well as separate 
facilitites from those in the channel. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved filter 
for use in conjunction with an intra-channel clarifier, and which may be 
installed within an oxidation ditch or channel. 
It is another object of this invention to provide such a filter which will 
minimize additional energy consumption in the treatment process. 
Accordingly, a filter for use in conjunction with an intra-channel 
clarifier is provided comprising an enclosure, positionable within a 
channel and connectible to an intrachannel clarifier, and having a floor 
and sides; a filter compartment fixed within the enclosure, and having 
sides, either connected to or coincidental with the sides of the enclosure 
and segregating the interior of the filter compartment from the remainder 
of the enclosure; a porous medium support, fixedly connected to the sides 
of the enclosure and positioned within the filter compartment; a bottom, 
below the medium support and fixedly connected to the sides of the filter 
compartment; a filter medium, positioned within the filter compartment 
above the medium support; a conduit, connecting between the interior of 
the filter compartment beneath the medium support and the interior of the 
enclosure; a liquid dispersion mechanism, positioned within the filter 
compartment above the filter medium, for receiving liquid from outside the 
enclosure and dispersing the liquid over the filter medium; and a liquid 
transfer mechanism, connected to the interior of the enclosure, for 
transferring liquid out of the enclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
As shown in the figures, the filter 1 is either integrally formed with or 
connectible to an intra-channel clarifier 2. The filter 1 generally 
comprises an enclosure 3 having sides 4 and 5. Although a rectangular 
shape is shown in the figures, other shapes are acceptable, such as an 
oval shape having continuous sides 4. A filter compartment 6 is located 
inside enclosure 3, and has sides 7 and bottom 8. Three such compartments 
6 are shown in the figures, although any suitable number may be used to 
attain the necessary result and redundancy. Sides 7 may be coincidental 
with some enclosure sides 4 as shown. A porous medium support 9, usually a 
scrren, is provided above bottom 8, supporting a filter medium 10, usually 
sand. A liqid despersion means 11 is provided to receive clarified waste 
liquid from clarifier 2 and disperse the liquid over the filter medium 10. 
Enclosure 3 receives filtered liquid from the filter compartment 6 through 
conduit 24 and transfers it out of the channel 12 via liquid transfer 
means 13, usually a pipe 14. It is preferable that enclosure 3 be large 
enough to store enough filtered liquid to occasionally backwash he filter 
medium 10 using backwash means 15, usually a pump 27. 
It is preferable that liquid dispersion means 11 comprise a check valve 16 
to prevent liquid from re-entering clarifier 2 during backwash operations. 
More preferably, check valve 16 should comprise a horizontal plate 17 
connected to one side 7 and having an opening 18 therein. A basket 19 is 
suspended below plate 17 and contains a floatable ball 20. Ball 20 is of a 
larger diameter than opening 18, such that ball 20 will seal opening 18 
when liquid rises during backwash operations. It is preferable that a seat 
23 be provided in opening 18 to allow for firm seating of ball 20. In 
order to provide for even distribution of liquid over filter medium 10, a 
distribution trough 21 having openings 22 is provided below each check 
valve 16. 
Operation of the filter 1 is simple, energy efficient, and effective. Check 
valve 16 receives liquid (usually clarified sewage) from clarifier 2, 
usually after the liquid has flowed around a series of baffles 25. The 
liquid then flows through check valve 16 and onto distribution trough 21, 
where it drips onto the passes through filter medium 10. Filtered liquid 
is collected in the bottom 8 of filter compartment 6 and flows through 
conduit 24 into enclosure 3. When the liquid level 26 reaches a desired 
height, pipe 14 provides a means of exit from the channel 12. Preferably, 
liquid level 26 is high enough to permit storage of enough filtered liquid 
for backwashing operations. 
Backwashing is accomplished using backwash means 15. Pump 27 pumps liquid 
from enclosure 3 through manifold piping 28 and into conduit 24. Of 
course, pump 27 and its source for backwash liquid could be located 
remotely with respect to the filter 1. However, in order to minimize 
energy use and space requirements, the arrangement shown will ofter prove 
to be the best. During backwash operations, first valve 29 is closed and 
second valve 30 is opened. Preferably, first and second valves 29, 30 are 
remotely operable valves, such as solenoid or air operated valves. As 
liquid is pumped back through conduit 24, the filter compartment 6 begins 
to fill, with the backflow eventually causing filtered matter captured by 
the filter medium 10 to flow toward the top of compartment 6. As the 
compartment 6 fills, ball 20 will seal opening 18. A backwash removal 
means 31 removes backwash liquid from the enclosure 3. While removal means 
31 may be a pump (not shown), it is preferred that a backwash trough 32 be 
provided, communicating between the interior of the compartment 6 and the 
exterior of the enclosure 3, usually transmitting backwashed liquid back 
into the channel 12 for further aeration or other treatment. 
Thus, the filter 1 provides a means in the channel 12 for additionally 
filtering the discharge from an intra-channel clarifier 2. The filter 1 
may utilize gravity flow for all filtering operations, requiring pumping 
only for backwash operations. Land usage is not perceptibly increased, 
since the filter 1 is contained in the channel 12. The design utilizes a 
minimum of moving parts. Of course, other embodiments of the invention 
will occur to those skilled in the art to which it pertains, and such 
embodiments are intended to be within the scope and spirit of the 
following claims.