Device for transmitting data between two railway vehicles using optical radio relay

The invention relates to a device (10) for transmitting data between two rail vehicles (12, 14). At each rail vehicle (12, 14) one data transmission unit (16 to 22, 80, 90, 92) is arranged, wherein between the data transmission units (16 to 22, 80, 90, 92) a data transmission link for transmitting data is formed. Data transmission via this data transmission link is carried out by means of an optical radio relay system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2011/061280, filed Jul. 5, 2011, and published in German as WO 2012/010409 A2 on Jan. 26, 2012. This application claims the benefit and priority of German Application No. 10 2010 036 521.1, filed Jul. 20, 2010. The entire disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The invention relates to a device for transmitting data between two rail vehicles, wherein at the first rail vehicle a first data transmission unit and at the second rail vehicle a second data transmission unit is arranged. Between the data transmission units a data transmission link for transmitting data between the two rail vehicles is formed.

One possibility of transmitting data between two rail vehicles is a wired transmission. For this a mechanical data transmission link via a coupling is formed between the two rail vehicles. The problem here is that with such a data transmission link a retrofitting of rail vehicles that are not yet provided with such a device can only be achieved with a great deal of effort.

Another possibility of transmitting data between two rail vehicles is a wireless transmission of data via a wireless-LAN or bluetooth. The problem with this is that only a limited, relatively small transmission rate can be achieved and that the data transmitted via such data transmission links can easily be intercepted and manipulated by unauthorized persons, so that these transmission methods are only suitable for not safety-related data.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to designate a device for transmitting data between at least two rail vehicles, with which a secure transmission of data to be transmitted can be carried out in a simple manner.

By transmitting the data via the data transmission link by means of an optical radio relay system it is guaranteed that that these data, unlike in different wireless solutions, cannot be simply intercepted and manipulated. Thus, via the optical radio relay system safety-related data can be transmitted as well. By establishing the data transmission link via such a wireless optical radio relay system the components of the device can be simply retrofitted at existing rail vehicles, as a mechanical connection is not necessary. Thus, a potential-free signal transmission is guaranteed, enabling the transmission of large bandwidths.

The first data transmission unit and the second data transmission unit preferably each comprise a transmitter and at least two receivers. By providing several receivers per data transmission unit it is achieved that in case of position changes between both rail vehicles during regular operation of both rail vehicles, for example in case of driving along curves (changes of the yawing angle) or in case of changes of the climbing gradient (changes of the pitch angle) a secure data transmission is guaranteed. Alternatively, the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit can each comprise one receiver and at least two transmitters, each of the at least two transmitters transmitting the transmitted data in parallel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each comprise at least two transmitters and at least two receivers. By this, in case of a change of the relative position of the rail vehicles to each other a secure transmission of the data to be transmitted is guaranteed.

Further, it is advantageous if the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each comprise at least one transceiver. By means of the transceiver a transmitter and a receiver are combined, achieving a simple, cost-effective design of the data transmission unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each comprise four, preferably eight transmitters arranged in a rectangle, and a receiver arranged in the center of this rectangle. In this manner, it is possible to achieve a reliable data transmission at different relative positions of the rail vehicles to each other with few transmitters and receivers.

The first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each comprise in particular at least one diode, preferably a laser diode. In particular, the laser diode serves as transmission light source of the optical radio relay system for data transmission.

Here, in particular laser diodes with a wavelength in the range between 800 nm and 900 nm, preferably with a wavelength of 850 nm are used. In particular, the laser diodes have a performance in the range between 1 μW and 25 μW, so that the laser diodes meet the criteria of the protection class 1M according to EN6025-1. By this, it is achieved that no further safety measures are necessary, as the laser light emitted is not dangerous for persons. Further, the diodes can be obtained easily and cost-effectively.

The data transmission units are in particular arranged at the ends of the two rail vehicles that face each other. The distance between the first data transmission unit and the second data transmission unit has in particular a value in the range between 1500 mm and 6000 mm. In a preferred embodiment the distance has a value in the range between 2000 mm and 4000 mm.

Further, it is advantageous if the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each illuminate an area in the range between 4500 mm×1300 mm to 5000 mm×1700 mm in the distance of both data transmission units to each other. It is especially advantageous if each of them illuminates an area of 4700 mm×1550 mm. By this, it is achieved that despite all position changes of both rail vehicles to each other occurring during regular rail operation, namely changes of the yawing angle, changes of the pitch angle and changes of the roll angle during drive of the rail vehicles, nonetheless always a data transmission link between the first data transmission unit and the second data transmission unit is formed, so that the data to be transmitted are reliably transmittable by means of the optical radio relay system. Further, by means of the afore-mentioned areas it is achieved that despite the secure data transmission the illuminated area is limited such that no rail vehicles driving on a rail arranged next to the rail on which the both rail vehicles are driving are in the illuminated area, so that no faulty transmissions to potential data transmission units of these rail vehicles occur.

The first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each comprise preferably at least one concave lens for scattering the emitted light, at least one glass bar for scattering the emitted light, at least one collecting lens for collecting the incident light and/or at least one glass bar for collecting the incident light. By this, it is achieved that by means of the transmitters of the data transmission units in each case a sufficient area is illuminated, however through collection of the incident light nevertheless a necessary minimum light intensity for the receivers is achieved.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit each can comprise a sensor unit for determining a relative movement between the first data transmission unit and the second data transmission unit. A control unit sets the direction in which the first data transmission unit and/or the second data transmission unit emits the light of the optical radio relay system in dependence of this determined relative movement. By this, an automatic tracking between the both data transmission units is achieved, so that it is sufficient if both data transmission units each comprise a transmitter and a receiver enabling a data transmission of the first data transmission unit to the second data transmission unit, as well as from the second data transmission unit to the first data transmission unit.

Further, it is advantageous if the first data transmission unit emits light having a light intensity in the range between a receiving sensitivity value and an overdrive value of the second data transmission unit. The receiving sensitivity value is the light intensity with which light must at least fall onto the receiver of the second data transmission unit, so that it can receive the data to be transmitted by the light. The overdrive value is the value which when exceeded leads to a control of the receiver of the second data transmission unit, so that a secure data transmission is no longer guaranteed. It is especially advantageous if the first data transmission unit emits light with an intensity between 90% of the overdrive value and the overdrive value. By emitting light nearly at the limit of the overdrive value it is achieved that a transmission reserve capacity is given, so that even in case of adverse weather conditions, for example in fog or rain the light received by the receiver of the second data transmission unit has a light intensity that is larger than the receiving sensitivity value. Consequently, data transmission can even be guaranteed in case of adverse weather conditions.

The first rail vehicle and the second rail vehicle are in particular connected to each other via a mechanical coupling, wherein at least one sensor is provided by means of which it can be determined whether the rail vehicles are connected via the coupling or not. Further, a control unit is provided that establishes the data transmission link via the optical radio relay system only if both rail vehicles are connected to each other via the mechanical coupling, and if this has been detected by the sensor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1is a schematic illustration of two rail vehicles12,14and a device10for transmitting data between the two rail vehicles12,14. The two rail vehicles12,14can for example be locomotives, wagons or other railbound vehicles.

Device10comprises a first data transmission unit16that is arranged at an end of the first rail vehicle12, and a second data transmission unit18arranged at the end of the second rail vehicle14facing the end of the first data transmission unit16. Between the first data transmission unit16and the second data transmission unit18a data transmission link for transmitting data by means of an optical radio relay system is formed. The data transmission link is indicated schematically by the dashed line24.

Further, at the first rail vehicle12a third data transmission unit20and at the second rail vehicle14a fourth data transmission unit22is arranged, wherein the third data transmission unit20is arranged at the end of the first rail vehicle12that is arranged opposite to the first data transmission unit16, and wherein the second data transmission unit22is arranged at the end of the second rail vehicle14that is arranged opposite to the second data transmission unit18. By means of the third data transmission unit20and by means of the fourth data transmission unit22data can be transmitted to another rail vehicle arranged at the respective end of the rail vehicle12,14. In this manner a data transmission via the data transmission link24that is formed by means of the optical radio relay system is possible between the individual rail vehicles along all rail vehicles combined to one train.

The first rail vehicle12and the second rail vehicle14are connected mechanically to each other via a coupling26. Due to the coupling26the distance between the first rail vehicle12and the second rail vehicle14is between 2000 mm and 6000 mm.

FIG. 2is a schematic illustration of the first rail vehicle12. Here, the side of the first rail vehicle12facing the second rail vehicle14is illustrated, so that the first data transmission unit16is visible.

During the journey of both rail vehicles12,14along a rail link between both rail vehicles12,14a change of the relative position to each other occurs. By means of mechanical buffers in the coupling26via which both rail vehicles12,14are connected to each other, when starting the train and when braking, a change of the distance up to 120 mm can occur. Due to the different wear of the wheels of the rail vehicles12,14height differences up to 40 mm between both rail vehicles12,14can occur. Further, a height offset can occur due to passing over uneven tracks, in particular ground depressions and elevations. This height offset can be up to 216 mm at both rail vehicles12,14.

FIG. 3shows a schematic illustration of both rail vehicles12,14at which there is such a height offset between both rail vehicles12,14.

When both rail vehicles12,14pass over points and/or curves a lateral offset of the rail vehicles12,14relative to each other can occur. The lateral offset can be up to 500 mm.FIG. 4shows a schematic illustration of both rail vehicles12,14during an afore-mentioned driving around corners.

Furthermore, during regular operation of the rail vehicles12,14a torsion of both rail vehicles12,14relative to each other can occur. Reasons for a torsion can for example be vibrations, passing over uneven tracks and/or environmental influences, in particular wind. By this, a height offset up to 210 mm between both rail vehicles12,14can occur.

The data transmission units16,18are such designed that in case of all above-described relative changes of position of both rail vehicles12,14to each other, in particular also when combining these different position changes, data transmission by means of the data transmission link24via the optical radio relay system is possible. For this, the data transmission units16,18are designed such that the light emitted by each of them illuminates an area of 4700 mm×1500 mm in the distance of the respective other rail vehicle12,14.

FIG. 5is a schematic illustration of the second rail vehicle12as well as of the area28illuminated by the first data transmission16of the first rail vehicle12. The illuminated area28is dimensioned such that on the one hand the data transmissions between the first rail vehicle12and the second rail vehicle14is secured, but on the other hand rail vehicles that are driving on the rails next to the rails on which the first and the second rail vehicles12,14are driving, and that possibly are provided with corresponding data transmission units are not influenced by this.

FIG. 6is a schematic illustration of the first data transmission unit16. The other three data transmission units18,20,22are preferably constructed in the same way as the first data transmission unit16. To simplify the description in the following only the design of the first data transmission unit16is described. The designs apply correspondingly to the other three data transmission units18,20,22. In an alternative embodiment of the invention the data transmission units16to22can be designed differently.

The first data transmission unit16comprises four transmitters30ato30dfor emitting the light required for the optical radio relay system as well as a receiver32for receiving the incident light of the second data transmission unit18. The four transmitters30ato30dform the corners of a rectangle. The receiver is arranged such that its center point coincides with the intersection point of the diagonal of the rectangle spanned by the transmitters30ato30d.

The transmitters30ato30deach comprise in particular a laser diode by means of which the light required for the optical radio relay system and thus the data of the first data transmission unit are transmitted to the second data transmission unit18. In particular, the laser diodes each have a wavelength of 850 nm and a performance in the range between 1 μW and 25 μW. Laser diodes having the above-mentioned properties of the protection class 1M according to EN6025-1, so that the data transmission units16to22can be used without any further safety precautions, as the laser light emitted by them is no danger for the human eye according to present knowledge.

The light emitted by the respective transmitters30ato30dhas a light intensity in the range between a receiving sensitivity of the receiver32and an overdrive value of the receiver32. The receiving sensitivity is the light intensity by means of which the receiver32has to be at least illuminated in order to guarantee a faultless data transmission via the data transmission link via optical radio relay system. The overdrive value is the light intensity at which there is just no overdrive of the receiver32, so that a faultless data transmission up to this light intensity is possible. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the transmitters30ato30dare controlled such that they each emit a light intensity in the range between 90% of the overdrive vale and the overdrive value. By operating the transmitters30ato30dclose to the overdrive value a power margin is achieved, so that even in case of extreme ambient conditions the light falling on the receiver of the second data transmission unit18has a sufficient light intensity, i.e. a light intensity that is greater than the receiving sensitivity, guaranteeing a faultless data transmission independent of the ambient conditions. Extreme ambient conditions can for example be rain, fog, dew and/or contaminations of the data transmission units16to22.

FIG. 7is a schematic perspective illustration of the first data transmission unit16according toFIG. 6. By means of the circles34ato34dthose areas are illustrated that are illuminated by the individual transmitters30ato30din the distance of the not-illustrated second data transmission unit18. Here, all transmitters30ato30deach emit in parallel the same light pulses, and consequently the data coded by the light pulses are transmitted without errors. By means of the four areas34ato34dthe entire area28that is to be illuminated is illuminated as illustrated inFIG. 5, so that at all changes in position of the rail vehicles12,14to each other occurring during regular operation of the rail vehicles12,14guarantee a faultless, reliable data transmission.

As can be seen clearly fromFIG. 7, the data transmission unit16is formed as a compact box in which all components required for data transmission are included. By means of designing the data transmission unit16as a compact box it is achieved that the data transmission units16to22can be retrofitted to existing rail vehicles that are not yet provided with such a data transmission unit16to22for data transmission via optical radio relay system, so that even older rail vehicles can be used together with new rail vehicles that are already fully equipped by the manufacturer with such a data transmission unit for data transmission via optical radio relay system.

FIG. 8is a schematic illustration of a transmitter36of the first data transmission unit16and a receiver38of the second data transmission unit18according to a second embodiment of the invention. The transmitter36comprises a diode40, the receiver38a receiving element42for receiving the light pulses emitted. The light emitted by the diode40of the transmitter36is scattered via a dispersing lens44and a glass bar46, so that by correspondingly selecting the dispersing lens44and the glass bar46a desired radiation angle of the light emitted by the transmitter36is adjusted. The boundaries of the light emitted by the transmitter36are schematically illustrated by the dashed lines50,52. In an alternative embodiment of the invention the transmitter can as well comprise only a lens44for scattering the emitted light and no glass bar46or another rod made from another translucent material.

The receiver38comprises a converging lens54, a glass bar56and another lens58for concentrating the incident light. By concentrating the light a sufficient light intensity of the incident light is achieved, despite a relatively small area of the receiving element42of the receiver38, guaranteeing a faultless data transmission. In an alternative embodiment of the receiver38just a converging lens54can be used for concentrating the incident light. The receiving element42is in particular designed as a semi-conductor. The transmitter36and the receiver38preferably have the same acceptance angle.

FIG. 9is a schematic illustration of a transmitter60of the first data transmission unit16and a receiver62of the second data transmission unit18according to a third embodiment of the invention. The light emitted by the transmitter60is indicated by means of the arrows64ato64c. By means of a dispersing lens65the light64ato64cis dispersed, so that in the distance of the second rail vehicle14the area having the reference sign66is illuminated by the transmitter60. The receiver62comprises a receiving element70as well as a converging lens72. By means of the converging lens72the part of the light emitted by the transmitter60that falls on the converging lens72is converged and thus directed in converged form to the receiving element70. The converged light is exemplarily indicated by the arrows74ato74c.

FIG. 10is a schematic illustration of a data transmission unit80according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. In this fourth embodiment the data transmission unit80comprises eight transmitters82ato82harranged on the circumferential line of a square as well as a transceiver84arranged in the center of the square by means of which data can be both received and emitted.

Alternatively, different embodiments of transmitters, receivers and transceivers are possible. Further, the data transmission units16to22,80can comprise more or less than the previously described number of receivers, transmitters and/or transceivers. In particular, the data transmission units16to22,80can comprise one transmitter and several receivers, one receiver and several transmitters or several receivers and several transmitters. In each case one receiver and one transmitter can be combined to a transceiver resulting in a simple and compact design.

FIG. 11is a schematic illustration of a fifth data transmission unit90and a sixth data transmission unit92according to a further embodiment of the invention. The data transmission units90,92each comprise a transmitter94,96and a receiver98,100. Further, the data transmission units90,92each comprise a sensor104,106for determining a relative change in position of the rail vehicles12,14to each other. Further, the data transmission units90,92each have a control unit108,109that, depending on the determined relative changes in position to each other, controls the transmitters94,96such that, independent of the relative position of the rail vehicles12,14to each other, the light emitted by the transmitters94,96and thus the data encoded by the light falls on the receivers98,100of the respective other data transmission90,92. In this way, a tracking is achieved, so that each data transmission unit90,92only has to possess one transmitter94,96and one receiver98,100.

In particular, this tracking is carried out in form of a control loop, in which case each data transmission unit90,92comprises a further sensor110,112for determining the light intensity of the incident light at the position of the receiver98,100. If the sensor110,112determines that the incident light intensity lies below a preset limit, by means of the control unit108,109of the other data transmission unit90,92the transmitter94,96of this data transmission unit90,92, in particular the beam angle of the transmitter94,96is adjusted such that the light intensity falling on the receiver98,100again exceeds the limit, thus guaranteeing a faultless data transmission. The transmitter94,96is in particular adjusted by means of iteratively adjusting the beam angle of the transmitter94,96in at least two directions. Alternatively, a readjustment in combination with the change in the angle between the wagon and the mechanical coupling can be realized.

The data transmission units16,18,20,22,60,90,92are in particular designed such that through them at the same time light pulses can be emitted and other light pulses can be received. In this way a bidirectional data transmission, in particular a full-duplex data transmission is possible. In particular opto-electrical transducers are used as receiving elements.