Photographic element having improved ferrotyping resistance and surface appearance

Silver halide photographic elements are disclosed comprising a support having a front and a back side, at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a light-insensitive protective overcoat on the front side of the support, and a magnetic recording layer on the back side of the support, the light-insensitive protective overcoat comprising an outermost protective layer, wherein the outermost protective layer comprises a hydrophilic binder and dispersed particles having a mean size of less than 0.4 .mu.m of a polymer having a glass transition temperature of at least 70.degree. C. comprising units derived from monomers A and B at a weight ratio of A:B of from 97:3 to 80:20 and less than 3 wt % ionic monomers, where A represents ethylenically unsaturated monomers which form substantially water insoluble homopolymers and B represents ethylenically unsaturated non-ionic monomers capable of forming water soluble homopolymers. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the light-insensitive protective overcoat further comprises an ultraviolet absorbing layer, which is preferably positioned between the light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and the outermost protective layer, and which preferably comprises an ultraviolet absorbing dye, a high boiling organic solvent, and a hydrophilic binder. The outermost protective layer preferably also comprises photographic process insoluble matte particles having a mean particle size of larger than 0.5 .mu.m.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
This invention relates to an imaging element, and in particular to a silver 
halide photographic element containing a magnetic recording layer, having 
improved ferrotyping resistance and surface appearance. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
It is conventional to incorporate an absorbing dye, in particular, an 
ultraviolet ray absorbing dye, into a light-insensitive protective 
overcoat layer in a photographic element to absorb light in a specific 
wavelength region. The dyed light-insensitive layer is used, for example, 
to control the spectral composition of light incident upon a photographic 
emulsion layer. In addition, such dyed light-insensitive layer is used to 
absorb or to remove ultraviolet light produced by static discharge, which 
occurs when the surfaces of the photographic element come into contact 
during production or treatment processes. Electric charges are generated 
by friction of separation. When accumulation of static electricity by 
charging reaches a certain limiting value, atmospheric discharge occurs at 
a particular moment and a discharge spark fires at the same time. When the 
photographic element is exposed to light by discharging, static marks 
appear after development. 
Different methods for incorporating absorbing dyes into a non-imaging layer 
have been described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,739,888, 3,352,681, 
and 3,707,375, where an oil soluble dye is dissolved in a high boiling 
organic solvent, and mixed under high shear or turbulence together with an 
aqueous medium, which may also contain a surfactant, and/or gelatin in 
order to break the organic phase into submicron particles dispersed in the 
continuous aqueous phase. While such method is efficient in forming 
dispersions of hydrophobic dyes, when such dye dispersions are used in a 
light-insensitive protective overcoat layer, the layer becomes soft and 
the mechanical properties of the layer are lowered. Furthermore, even if 
no high boiling solvent is used, many dyes themselves are liquid, and they 
therefore can have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of 
the layer and adhesion with the adjacent layer. 
The weakening of light-insensitive protective overcoat layers by an 
absorbing dye/high boiling solvent dispersion, in particular by an 
ultraviolet absorbing dye dispersion, has been a serious problem in color 
light sensitive materials. Very often, another light-insensitive layer 
containing a matting agent is coated as the topmost layer above the 
light-insensitive layer containing the ultraviolet absorbing dye 
dispersions for better resistance to ferrotyping and sticking at high 
temperature and in moist environments. Photographic materials with such 
layer structures, however, still often show inferior physical and 
mechanical properties during various handling processes, such as coating, 
drying, finishing, winding, rewinding, printing, and so on. For example, 
the photographic material surfaces are easily harmed by contact friction 
with other apparatus and between their front and back faces. Scratches and 
abrasion marks can be generated. These generated scratches and abrasion 
marks deface the image during printing and projection processes. On 
irreplaceable negatives, the physical scratches may require very expensive 
retouching. 
In recent years, the conditions under which photographic materials are 
manufactured or utilized have become even more severe, either because 
their applications have been extended, for example, in an atmosphere of 
high humidity and high temperature, or because the methods for their 
preparation have been advanced, for example, the use of high speed 
coatings, high speed finishing and cutting, and fast processing, or 
because their emulsion layers have been progressively thinned. Under these 
conditions, the aforementioned photographic materials may be even more 
severely scratched. 
It is also known from, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,782,947, 4,279,945, 
4,990,276, 5,217,804, 5,147,768, 5,229,259, 5,255,031, and others that a 
radiation-sensitive silver halide photographic element may contain a 
photographically transparent magnetic recording layer which can 
advantageously be employed to record information into and read information 
from the magnetic recording layer by techniques similar to those employed 
in the conventional magnetic recording art. The use of a magnetic 
recording layer for information exchange allows improved photographic 
print quality through input and output of information identifying the 
light-sensitive material, photographic conditions, printing conditions and 
other information. Such magnetic recording layers are typically coated on 
the backside of a support opposite to the silver halide emulsion layers of 
the photographic element. 
Recent patents have also disclosed photographic systems where processed 
photographic element may be re-introduced into a film cassette. Such 
systems are particularly useful in combination with photographic elements 
having magnetic recording layers, such as those designed for use with the 
recently announced Advanced Photo Systems.TM.. This system allows for 
compact and clean storage of the processed element until such time when it 
may be removed for additional prints or to interface with display 
equipment. Storage in the cassette is preferred to facilitate location of 
the desired exposed frame and to minimize contact with the negative during 
subsequent usage. U.S. Pat. No. 5,173,730, e.g., discloses a cassette 
designed to thrust the photographic element from the cassette, eliminating 
the need to contact the film with mechanical or manual means. U.S. Pat. 
No. 5,336,589 describes how developed photographic film comprising a 
magnetic recording layer may be stored in such a cassette. 
Reading of information recorded in a magnetic recording layer of a 
photographic element by passing over a magnetic head involves higher 
pressures on the side of the photographic film opposite to the magnetic 
recording layer then typically otherwise experienced during processing of 
photographic elements. This places a greater demand upon the protective 
overcoats which are typically coated over the emulsion layers of an 
element on the side of the film opposite to the magnetic recording layer. 
Also, the reintroduction of processed photographic elements into thrust 
cassettes can additionally cause scratches and abrasion marks. 
Also, in recent years, rapid processing and high temperature drying after 
processing have become common practice for photographic materials. Films 
dried at high temperatures, for example 60.degree. C. (harsh drying), tend 
to be more prone to ferrotyping which results from close contact, 
especially under elevated humidity and temperature. When ferrotyping is 
sufficiently severe, the resulting prints are unacceptable. Films dried at 
lower temperatures, for example 40.degree. C. (mild drying), tend to show 
much less ferrotyping. The reason for this difference is not understood. 
The dimensions of the so-called thrust cassette also requires the 
processed photographic element to be wound tightly and under pressure, 
causing direct close contact between the front and back sides, which can 
result in ferrotyping, especially under high temperature and high relative 
humidity conditions. 
It is known to use synthetic polymer particles in a silver halide 
photographic element to improve physical characteristics. In particular, 
water-insoluble polymers dispersed in the form of very small particles and 
obtained by emulsion polymerization techniques (polymer latex particles) 
have found wide use as partial replacements for gelatin. For example, it 
has been proposed to use polymer latex particles in both the hydrophilic 
light-sensitive layers and hydrophilic light-insensitive layers to improve 
the element dimensional stability, to improve the element drying 
characteristics during photographic processing, to improve layer adhesion 
and flexibility, to reduce pressure fog, to control dye and image 
stability, to carry photographic useful compounds such as dyes, couplers, 
accelerators, hardeners, etc., and to improve the scratch and abrasion 
resistance of photographic layers, in particular surface protective 
layers. 
Many latex polymers, however, have been found to be incompatible or 
unstable for effective coating in protective overcoat layers coated from 
hydrophilic colloid solutions such as gelatin solutions. It is known to 
include various addenda, such as salts, surfactants, thickeners, inorganic 
fillers, organic solvents, etc., in photographic elements, and the 
presence of these various compounds in a coating solution containing a 
polymer latex dispersion may significantly reduce the stability of polymer 
latex particles, for example, by reducing the electrostatic repulsion 
force from the interaction between electrical double layers or surface 
charges on the particles. Surfactants may carry opposite charges to those 
on the polymer latex particle surface leading to latex particle 
flocculation through charge neutralization. 
The level of hydrodynamic stress and mechanical energy applied to a coating 
solution may also cause failure of solutions containing a polymer latex 
during coating processes, where high shear forces are generated by forcing 
the coating solution through mechanical pumps, ultrafine filters, narrow 
orifices, mechanical degassing systems, coating hoppers, etc. Latex 
polymer particle instability and flocculation, and eventually coagulation, 
can have a significant effect on manufacturing processes such as filtering 
and delivering of the coating solutions. The failure of a solution is 
manifest in the deposition of debris as sticky or gritty particles which 
ultimately can cause filter blockage, thereby reducing the efficiency of 
the coating process. Further, photographic characteristics may be damaged, 
leading to, e.g., desensitization of silver halide emulsions, dye stain 
after development, spot defects and displaced developed grains. If the 
spot defects appear in the surface protective layer, it may lead to 
unacceptable surface haze. 
Various methods have been proposed to improve the stability of polymer 
latex particles in coating solutions, for example, by addition of extra 
surfactants to the coating solution, by using surfactant mixtures, or by 
using polymer latex particles prepared by emulsion polymerization in the 
presence of a water-soluble high molecular weight material. However, 
adding extra surfactant can result in a significant increase in foaming of 
the coating solution. Extra surfactants used to stabilize the latex may 
also diffuse to the surface of the photographic materials causing 
undesirable surface charging properties. The use of high molecular weight 
water-soluble polymers, although useful for improving latex particle 
stability, can cause problems, such as, coating solution viscosity 
increase, deterioration of scratch resistance and ferrotyping protection. 
It has been heretofore known to employ latex polymer particles in 
photographic elements that are compatible with gelatin. U.S. Pat. No. 
3,287,289, e.g., describes a use of a copolymer of at least one acid 
selected from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and at least one ester 
selected from acrylate, tertiary butyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, or hexyl 
acrylate. Use of many latex polymers which are compatible in gelatin 
solutions for protective overcoats, however, has been found to frequently 
provide unacceptable post-processing ferrotyping protection, especially 
for elements having magnetic recording layers which are reintroduced into 
a cassette after processing. 
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION 
Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a silver 
halide photographic material comprising a magnetic recording layer, which 
element exhibits excellent resistance to physical scratches and abrasions. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide such an element 
comprising polymer latex particles having excellent stability with respect 
to the manufacturing process of photographic materials. Another object is 
to provide such elements without causing additional haze or generating 
spot defects harmful to photographic performance of the element. It is a 
further object to provide such photographic elements having excellent 
post-processing physical properties such as scratch resistance and 
ferrotyping protection. It is yet a further object of the present 
invention to provide a cassette which contains a processed photographic 
element with excellent image quality and superior resistance to sticking 
and ferrotyping between front and back sides even at high temperatures and 
in moist environments. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a silver halide 
photographic element is disclosed comprising a support having a front and 
a back side, at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and 
a light-insensitive protective overcoat on the front side of the support, 
and a magnetic recording layer on the back side of the support, the 
light-insensitive protective overcoat comprising an outermost protective 
layer, wherein the outermost protective layer comprises a hydrophilic 
binder and dispersed particles having a mean size of less than 0.4 .mu.m 
of a polymer having a glass transition temperature of at least 70.degree. 
C. comprising units derived from monomers A and B at a weight ratio of A:B 
of from 97:3 to 80:20 and less than 3 wt % ionic monomers, where A 
represents ethylenically unsaturated monomers which form substantially 
water insoluble homopolymers and B represents ethylenically unsaturated 
non-ionic monomers capable of forming water soluble homopolymers. 
In accordance with further embodiments of the present invention, a process 
is disclosed comprising exposing and developing a photographic element as 
described above supplied in a photographic film cassette, and 
reintroducing the resulting developed element into the photographic film 
cassette, as well as photographic film cassettes containing an exposed and 
developed photographic element obtained from such process. 
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the light-insensitive protective 
overcoat further comprises an ultraviolet absorbing layer, which is 
preferably positioned between the light sensitive silver halide emulsion 
layer and the outermost protective layer, and which preferably comprises 
an ultraviolet absorbing dye, a high boiling organic solvent, and a 
hydrophilic binder. The outermost protective layer preferably also 
comprises photographic process insoluble matte particles having a mean 
particle size of larger than 0.5 .mu.m.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
Photographic elements according to this invention can differ widely in 
structure and composition. For example, they can vary greatly in regard to 
the type of the support, the number and composition of the imaging forming 
layers, and the kinds of auxiliary layers that are included in the 
elements. The invention is particularly applicable to photographic 
elements comprising polymeric film supports. Typical polymeric film 
supports include cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, 
poly(vinyl acetal) film, polystyrene film, polyester films such as 
poly(ethylene terephthalate) film and poly(ethylene naphthalate) film, 
polycarbonate film, and the like. 
The photographic element of the present invention has a light-insensitive 
hydrophilic outermost protective layer containing dispersed fine polymer 
particles and a hydrophilic binder. The outermost layer preferably also 
comprises permanent (photographic process insoluble) matte particles, 
preferably having a mean particle size of from 0.5 to 10 .mu.m, more 
preferably from 1 to 5 .mu.m, and most preferably from 1 to 3 .mu.m, and a 
coating weight of from 0.001 g/m.sup.2 to 0.3 g/m.sup.2, preferably from 
0.003 g/m.sup.2 to 0.2 g/m.sup.2, and most preferably from 0.005 to 0.15 
g/m.sup.2. The dispersed polymer particles in the outermost protective 
layer in accordance with the invention have a glass transition temperature 
(Tg) of at least 70.degree. C., and a mean particle size of less than 0.4 
.mu.m, preferably from 0.01 .mu.m to 0.2 .mu.m, more preferably from 0.02 
to 0.15 .mu.m, and most preferably from 0.02 to 0.1 .mu.m. The weight 
ratio of dispersed polymer particle to hydrophilic binder in the outermost 
protective layer ranges from 5:95 to 50:50, preferably from 10:90 to 
40:60, and most preferably from 20:80 to 40:60. 
Any suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomers may be used for the 
preparation of dispersed polymer particles of the present invention as 
long as the stated glass transition temperature requirement and monomer 
weight ratios and percentages are maintained. In accordance with the 
invention, A represents "hydrophobic monomers" which would form a 
substantially water-insoluble homopolymer, and B represents "hydrophilic 
monomers" which are capable of forming substantially water soluble 
homopolymers. While use of pure hydrophobic polymers having a glass 
transition temperature (Tg) of at least 70.degree. C. (preferably at least 
80.degree. C.) would be desirable for providing good ferrotyping 
protection, such polymers are generally not compatible for coating in 
hydrophilic colloid solutions. High Tg copolymers of hydrophobic monomers 
and ionic hydrophilic monomers generally require more than 3 weight 
percent ionic monomer to provide acceptable compatibility in protective 
overcoat layers to prevent surface defects. Such high levels of ionic 
monomer, however, result in poorer post-processing ferrotyping protection. 
When used in the surface protective layer of a photographic element, 
dispersed polymer particles in accordance with the invention result in 
good compatibility with hydrophilic colloids such as gelatin and other 
additives such as matte, lubricants, coating surfactants, charge control 
agents, etc., few surface defects, and excellent post-processing 
ferrotyping protection. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the 
invention, polymer latexes are used comprising from 80-97 weight percent A 
monomers (preferably 85-95 weight percent and more preferably 90-95 weight 
percent), 3-20 weight B monomers (preferably 5-15 weight percent and more 
preferably 5-10 weight percent), and less than 3 weight percent ionic 
monomers (preferably less than 2 weight percent). 
Suitable ethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be used as component 
A of the present invention include, for example, the following monomers 
and their mixtures: alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid (i.e., 
alkyl (meth)acrylates) such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 
butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 
n-octyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl 
acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, the hydroxyalkyl esters of the same acids 
such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 
2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and the nitriles of the same acids such as 
acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Other monomers which may be used, 
either alone or in admixture with these acrylic monomers, include vinyl 
acetate, vinyl propionate, vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, and vinyl 
aromatic compounds such as styrene, t-butyl styrene and vinyl toluene. 
Other comonomers which may be used in conjunction with any of the 
foregoing monomers include dialkyl maleates, dialkyl itaconates, dialkyl 
malonates, isoprene, and butadiene. Crosslinking and grafting comonomers 
which may be used together with the forgoing monomers to crosslink the 
polymer particles to effectively increase their glass transition 
temperature include monomers which are polyfunctional with respect to the 
polymerization reaction, including esters of unsaturated monohydric 
alcohols with unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, such as allyl 
methacrylate, allyl acrylate, butenyl acrylate, undecenyl acrylate, 
undecenyl methacrylate, vinyl acrylate, and vinyl methacrylate, dienes 
such as butadiene and isoprene, esters of saturated glycols or diols with 
unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, 
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 
1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, and 
polyfunctional aromatic compounds such as divinyl benzene. 
Suitable ethylenically unsaturated non-ionic hydrophilic monomers which can 
be used as component B of the present invention include, for example, 
(meth)acrylamides such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dimethyl 
acrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide, and N-methylol 
acrylamide. Additional suitable hydrophilic monomers include poly(ethylene 
glycol) methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate, 
poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate, 2-poly(ethylenoxy)ethyl 
acrylate, vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the like. 
Ethylenically unsaturated ionic monomers which may be present at less than 
3 wt % in the dispersed polymer particles in accordance with the present 
invention may include, for example, monomers containing carboxylic acid, 
sulfo, or oxysulfo pendent groups, or salts of such groups (e.g., ammonium 
or alkali metal salts). Representative monomers include methacrylic acid 
and sodium acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate. 
Preferred polymers for use in the outermost protective layer in accordance 
with the invention comprise copolymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates and 
(meth)acrylamides. Particularly preferred polymers comprise copolymers of 
methyl methacrylate and methacrylamide or N,N-dimethyl acrylamide. 
The dispersed polymer particles can be made by various processes well-known 
in the art (see, for example, Padget, J. C. in Journal of Coating 
Technology, Vol 66, No. 839, pages 89-105, 1994; Arnoldus, R. in 
Waterbourn Coatings, Surface Coating-3, Ed. by Wilson, A. D., Nicholson, 
J. W., Prosser, H. J., Elsevier Applied Science, 1990, page 179; 
El-Aasser, M. S. and Fitch, R. M. Ed. Future Directions in Polymer 
Colloids, NATO ASI Series, No 138, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987, 
pages 3-104), and are most preferably made by an emulsion polymerization 
process. 
The dispersed polymer particles in the present invention can be made in the 
presence of a certain amount of pre-polymers, or functionalized oligomers, 
or macromonomers, which may include, for example, functionalized 
organosiloxanes prepared by reactions between organohydrosiloxane and 
multifunctional unsaturated monomers, fluorine-containing polymers, 
polyester urethanes, polyether urethanes, polyacrylourethanes, and the 
like, so long as the resulting polymer particles are sufficiently 
water-insoluble so as to not be removed to a significant extent during 
photographic processing. The dispersed polymer particles of the present 
invention can contain one phase or two or more incompatible phases. The 
incompatibility may be determined in various ways known in the art. The 
use of electron microscopy using staining techniques to emphasize the 
differences between the appearance of the phases, for example, is such a 
technique. 
The glass transition temperature of the dispersed polymer particles of the 
present invention can be measured by various well-known techniques such 
as, for example, dilatometry, calorimetry (differential thermal analysis 
and differential scanning calorimetry), dielectric, and dynamical 
mechanical measurements. Such techniques have been described in detail in, 
for example, Rabek, J. F., Experimental Methods in Polymer Chemistry, 
Wiley-Interscience, Chichester, 1980. 
Various permanent matting agents for use in the outermost layer of the 
photographic element in accordance with preferred embodiments of the 
present invention include, for example, inorganic particles such as 
silicone dioxide, barium sulfate, desensitized silver halide, zinc 
particles, calcium carbonate, and the like; organic particles of cellulose 
esters, cellulose ethers, starches, addition-type polymers and 
interpolymers prepared from ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as 
acrylates including acrylic acid, methacrylates including methacrylic 
acid, acrylamides and methacrylate amides, itaconic acid and its half 
esters and diesters, styrenes including substituted styrenes, 
acrylonitriles and methcrylonitriles, vinyl acetates, vinyl ethers, vinyl 
and vinylidene halides and olefins. The matte particles can be crosslinked 
by employing crosslinking monomers such as 1,4-butyleneglycol 
methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacetate, allyl methacrylate, diallyl 
phthalate, divinyl benzene, and the like. Other polymers that may comprise 
matting particles include condensation polymers such as polyurethanes, 
polyesters, polyamides, epoxies, and the like. Matte particles useful for 
the present invasion are described in further detail in Research 
Disclosure No. 308, published December 1989, pages 1008-009. Organic matte 
particles are preferred. 
When the matte particles is polymeric in nature, it may include reactive 
functional groups which form covalent bonds with binders by intermolecular 
crosslinking or by reaction with a crosslinking agent (i.e., a hardener). 
Suitable reactive functional groups include hydroxyl, carboxyl, 
carbodiimide, epoxide, aziridine, vinyl sulfone, sulfinic acid, active 
methylene, amino, amide, allyl, and the like. There is no particular 
restriction on the amount of reactive groups present, but their 
concentrations are preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 10 weight 
percent. The particle surface may be surrounded with a layer of colloidal 
inorganic particles as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,598, or a layer of 
colloidal polymer latex particles which have affinity with suitable binder 
as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,934, or a layer of gelatin as 
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,219. 
Process removable mattes can be used together with process surviving matte 
particles in the practice of preferred embodiments of the invention to 
further enhance the resistance of the photographic element to ferrotyping 
and blocking. Such process removable matte include particles of, for 
example, copolymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates and methacrylic acid, or 
acrylic acid, or itaconic acid, copolymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates and 
maleic monoesters or monoamides, copolymers of styrene or vinyl toluene 
and a,b-unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids, or dicarboxylic 
monoesters or monoamides, graft copolymers containing maleic anhydride or 
methacrylic acid, and dicarboxylic acid mono-ester of a cellulose 
derivative, such as phthalate and hexahydro phthalate of methyl cellulose, 
hydroxyethyl cellulose, or hydroxypropylomethyl cellulose. Such processing 
soluble mattes are described in further detail, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 
2,992,101; 3,767,448; 4,094,848; 4,447,525; and 4,524,131. 
The advantages of the invention are particularly useful wherein the 
protective overcoat comprises an ultraviolet (UV) absorbing layer 
positioned between the light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and 
the outermost protective layer, especially where the ultraviolet absorbing 
layer comprises an ultraviolet absorbing dye, a high boiling organic 
solvent, and a hydrophilic binder. The content of the hydrophilic binder 
in such a UV layer is defined as the ratio of coating weight of the 
hydrophilic binder to the sum of the coating weights of the ultraviolet 
absorbing dyes, high boiling organic solvents, and the hydrophilic binder, 
and is preferably in the range of from 30 to 90%, and more preferably from 
40 to 80%. The thickness of the UV layer in accordance with the preferred 
embodiment of the present invention is usually 0.2 to 3 .mu.m, and 
preferably from 0.5 to 2 .mu.m. The thickness of the outermost layer is 
usually 0.4 to 3 .mu.m, and more preferably 0.6 to 2 .mu.m. The total 
thickness of the two layers is usually 1.5 to 4 .mu.m. The term 
"thickness" used here refers to the thickness of the portion in which no 
matte particles are present and is measured, for example, by an electron 
micrograph of a non-swollen cross-section of the light-sensitive material. 
The types of ultraviolet absorbing dyes (UV dyes) used in accordance with 
preferred embodiments of the invention are not particularly limited 
provided their absorption maximum wavelengths fall within the range from 
300 to 400 nm, and they have no harmful effect on the photographic 
properties of the element. Such UV dyes include those of the thiazolidone 
type, the benzotriazole type, the cinnamic acid ester type, the 
benzophenone type, and the aminobutadiene type and have been described in 
detail in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,023,859; 2,685,512; 2,739,888; 
2,748,021; 3,004,896; 3,052,636; 3,215,530; 3,253,921; 3,533,794; 
3,692,525; 3,705,805; 3,707,375; 3,738,837; 3,754,919; and British Patent 
No. 1,321,355. The amount of UV dyes used is preferably in the range of 
from 0.05 to 1 g/m.sup.2, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 g/m.sup.2. The 
aforementioned UV dyes are so selected as to have an absorption maximum in 
a wavelength region required for the photographic performance, and are 
used singly or in combination. 
The UV dyes are preferably used in a pre-dispersion form (UV dye 
dispersion), which can be prepared, for example, by dissolving the UV dye 
in a high boiling organic solvent and then adding the resulting solution 
in an aqueous gelatin solution containing a surfactant such as, for 
example, sodium dodecyl sufonate. The mixture is stirred at high speed to 
make an emulsified dispersion, and the dispersion is added to the coating 
liquid, which is then coated. Alternatively, UV dyes which are liquid at 
room (or slightly elevated) temperature can be emulsified and dispersed 
without the use of high boiling organic solvent. Typical high boiling 
organic solvents useful for the present invention have a boiling point of 
175.degree. C. or more at atmospheric pressure, and include, for example, 
phthalic esters, e.g., dibutyl phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, didodecyl 
phthalate, didecyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl 
phthalate, phosphanate or phosphanate esters, e.g. tricresyl phosphate, 
trihexyl phosphate, tri(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate, 
Benzoate esters, e.g., 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, dodecyl benzoate, 
2-ethylhexyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, alcohols and phenols, e.g., p-dodecyl 
phenol isostearyl alcohol, 2,4-tertamylphenol, aliphatic carboxylate 
esters, an aniline derivative, and hydrocarbons. High boiling organic 
solvents which can be used for the practice of the present invention are 
described further in detail in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,322,027 and 
WO 94/11787. 
Any suitable hydrophilic binder may be used in the outermost layer and the 
UV layer in practice of the present invention. Gelatin is the most 
preferred hydrophilic binder. Other hydrophilic binders include both 
naturally occurring substances such as proteins, protein derivatives, 
cellulose derivatives (e.g., cellulose esters), polysaccharides, casein, 
and the like, and synthetic water permeable colloids such as poly(vinyl 
lactams), acrylamide polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol) and its derivatives, 
hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates 
and methacrylates, polyamides, polyvinyl pyridine, acrylic acid polymers, 
maleic anhydride copolymers, polyalkylene oxide, methacrylamide 
copolymers, polyvinyl oxazolidinones, maleic acid copolymers, vinyl amine 
copolymers, methacrylic acid copolymers, acryloyloxyalkyl sulfonic acid 
copolymers, vinyl imidazole copolymers, vinyl sulfide copolymers, 
homopolymer or copolymers containing styrene sulfonic acid, and the like. 
For crosslinkable binder such as gelatin, the binder is preferably 
cross-linked so as to provide a high degree of cohesion and adhesion. 
Crosslinking agents or hardeners which may effectively be used in the 
coating compositions of the present invention include aldehydes, epoxy 
compounds, polyfunctional aziridines, vinyl sulfones, methoxyalkyl 
mealtimes, triazines, polyisocyanates, dioxane derivatives such as 
dihydroxydioxane, carbodiimides, chrome alum, zirconium sulfate, and the 
like. 
Lubricants may also be used in the outermost layer of the present 
invention. Typical lubricants include (1) silicone based materials 
disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,489,567; 3,080,317; 3,042,522; 
4,004,927; and 4,047,958; and in British Patent Nos. 955,061 and 
1,143,118; (2) higher fatty acids and derivatives, higher alcohols and 
derivatives, metal salts of higher fatty acids, higher fatty acid esters, 
higher fatty acid amides, polyhydric alcohol esters of higher fatty acids, 
etc disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,454,043; 2,732,305; 2,976,148; 
3,206,311; 3,933,516; 2,588,765; 3,121,060; 3,502,473; 3,042,222; and 
4,427,964; in British Patent Nos. 1,263,722; 1,198,387; 1,430,997; 
1,466,304; 1,320,757; 1,320,565; and 1,320,756; and in German Patent Nos. 
1,284,295 and 1,284,294; (3) liquid paraffin and paraffin or wax like 
materials such as carnauba wax, natural and synthetic waxes, petroleum 
waxes, mineral waxes and the like; (4) perfluoro- or fluoro- or 
fluorochloro-containing materials, which include 
poly(tetrafluoroethlyene), poly(trifluorochloroethylene), poly(vinylidene 
fluoride, poly(trifluorochloroethylene-co-vinyl chloride), 
poly(meth)acrylates or poly(meth)acrylamides containing perfluoroalkyl 
side groups, and the like. Lubricants useful in the present invention are 
described in further detail in Research Disclosure No. 308, published 
December 1989, page 1006. 
The outermost protective layer useful in the practice of the invention may 
also optionally contain surface active agents, antistatic agents, charge 
control agents, thickeners, silver halide particles, colloidal inorganic 
particles, magnetic recording particles, and various other additives. The 
UV layer useful in the practice of the present invention may optionally 
contain silver halide particles, antistatic agents, thickeners, 
surfactants, polymer latex particles, and various other additives. 
The protective overcoat layers useful in the practice of the invention can 
be applied by any of a number of well-know techniques, such as dip 
coating, rod coating, blade coating, air knife coating, gravure coating 
and reverse roll coating, extrusion coating, slide coating, curtain 
coating, and the like. After coating, the protective layers are generally 
dried by simple evaporation, which may be accelerated by known techniques 
such as convention heating. Known coating and drying methods are described 
in further detail in Research Disclosure No. 308, published December 1989, 
pages 1007-1008. 
Magnetic layers suitable for use in the elements in accordance with the 
invention include those as described, e.g., in Research Disclosure, 
November 1992, Item 34390, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,395,743; 5,397,826; 
5,113,903; 5,432,050; 5,434,037; and 5,436,120. It is also specifically 
contemplated to use elements in accordance with the invention in 
combination with technology useful in small format film as described in 
Research Disclosure, June 1994, Item 36230. Research Disclosure is 
published by Kenneth Mason Publications, Ltd., Dudley House, 12 North 
Street, Emsworth, Hampshire P010 7DQ, ENGLAND. 
Photographically transparent magnetic recording layers used in elements in 
accordance with preferred embodiments of the invention are comprised of 
magnetic particles dispersed in a film-forming binder. The layer may 
contain optional additional components for improved manufacturing or 
performance such as crosslinking agents or hardeners, catalysts, coating 
aids, dispersants, surfactants, including fluorinated surfactants, charge 
control agents, lubricants, abrasive particles, filler particles and the 
like. The magnetic particles of the present invention can comprise 
ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic oxides, complex oxides including other 
metals, metallic alloy particles with protective coatings, ferrites, 
hexaferrites, etc. and can exhibit a variety of particulate shapes, sizes, 
and aspect ratios. Ferromagnetic oxides useful for magnetic coatings 
include g-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, and CrO.sub.2. The magnetic 
particles optionally can be in solid solution with other metals and/or 
contain a variety of dopants and can be overcoated with a shell of 
particulate or polymeric materials. Preferred additional metals as 
dopants, solid solution components or overcoats are Co and Zn for iron 
oxides; and Li, Na, Sn, Pb, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn for chromium dioxide. 
Surface treatments of the magnetic particle can be used to aid in chemical 
stability or to improve dispersability as is commonly practiced in 
conventional magnetic recording. Additionally, magnetic oxide particles 
may contain a thicker layer of a lower refractive index oxide or other 
material having a low optical scattering cross-section as taught in U.S. 
Pat. Nos. 5,217,804 and 5,252,441. Cobalt surface treated g-iron oxide is 
the preferred magnetic particle. 
Suitable polymeric binders for magnetic recording layers include: gelatin; 
cellulose compounds such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, 
cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, carboxymethyl cellulose, 
hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate 
propionate, cellulose acetate phthalate and the like; vinyl chloride or 
vinylidene chloride-based copolymers such as, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate 
copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymers, vinyl 
chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic acid copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinylidene 
chloride copolymers, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic 
ester-vinylidene chloride copolymers, methacrylic ester-vinylidene 
chloride copolymers, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic 
ester-acrylonitrile copolymers, methacrylic ester-styrene copolymers, 
thermoplastic polyurethane resins, thermosetting polyurethane resins, 
phenoxy resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polycarbonate or polyester 
resins, urea resins, melamine resins, alkyl resins, urea-formaldehyde 
resins, and the like; polyvinyl fluoride, butadiene-acrylonitrile 
copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylic acid copolymers, 
acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, 
polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, styrene-butadiene copolymers, acrylic 
acid copolymers, polyacrylamide, their derivatives and partially 
hydrolyzed products; and other synthetic resins. Other suitable binders 
include aqueous emulsions of addition-type polymers and interpolymers 
prepared from ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acrylates 
including acrylic acid, methacrylates including methacrylic acid, 
acrylamides and methacrylamides, itaconic acid and its half-esters and 
diesters, styrenes including substituted styrenes, acrylonitrile and 
methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetates, vinyl ethers, vinyl and vinylidene 
halides, and olefins and aqueous dispersions of polyurethanes or 
polyesterionomers. Preferred binders are polyurethanes, vinyl chloride 
based copolymers, acrylics or acrylamides and cellulose esters, 
particularly cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate. 
In addition to a magnetic recording layer, the back side of the support of 
the elements of the invention may optionally be coated with a wide variety 
of additional functional or auxiliary layers known in the art such as 
electrically conductive antistatic layers, abrasion resistant layers, curl 
control layers, transport control layers, lubricant layers, image 
recording layers, adhesion promoting layers, and layers to control water 
or solvent permeability. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 
support backside is coated with at least an antistatic layer and a 
magnetic recording layer. A lubricant layer may also preferably be coated 
on the backside. A permeability control layer may also be preferably 
coated between the antistatic layer and magnetic recording layer. 
The photographic element of the present invention preferably contain an 
electrically conductive antistatic layer, which can be either a surface 
protective layer or a sub layer. The surface resistivity of at least one 
side of the support is preferably less than 1.times.10.sup.12 
.OMEGA./square, more preferably less than 1.times.10.sup.11 .OMEGA./square 
at 25.degree. C. and 20 percent relative humidity. To lower the surface 
resistivity, a preferred method is to incorporate at least one type of 
electrically conductive material in the electrically conductive layer. 
Such materials include both conductive metal oxides and conductive 
polymers or oligomeric compounds. Such materials have been described in 
detail in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,203,769; 4,237,194; 4,272,616; 
4,542,095; 4,582,781; 4,610,955; 4,916,011; and 5,340,676. 
Photographic elements in accordance with the invention can be single color 
elements or multicolor elements. Multicolor elements contain image 
dye-forming units sensitive to each of the three primary regions of the 
spectrum. Each unit can comprise a single emulsion layer or multiple 
emulsion layers sensitive to a given region of the spectrum. The layers of 
the element, including the layers of the image-forming units, can be 
arranged in various orders as known in the art. In an alternative format, 
the emulsions sensitive to each of the three primary regions of the 
spectrum can be disposed as a single segmented layer. 
A typical multicolor photographic element comprises a support bearing on 
the frontside thereof a cyan dye image-forming unit comprised of at least 
one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith 
at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, a magenta dye image-forming unit 
comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer 
having associated therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler, and 
a yellow dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive 
silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one 
yellow dye-forming coupler. The element can contain additional layers on 
the frontside, such as filter layers, interlayers, antihalation layers, 
overcoat layers, subbing layers, and the like. 
In the following discussion of suitable materials for use in the 
photographic emulsions and elements that can be used in conjunction with 
the invention, reference will be made to Research Disclosure, September 
1994, Item 36544, available as described above, which will be identified 
hereafter by the term "Research Disclosure." The Sections hereafter 
referred to are Sections of the Research Disclosure, Item 36544. 
The silver halide emulsions employed in the image-forming layers of 
photographic elements can be either negative-working or positive-working. 
Suitable emulsions and their preparation as well as methods of chemical 
and spectral sensitization are described in Sections I, and III-IV. 
Vehicles and vehicle related addenda are described in Section II. Dye 
image formers and modifiers are described in Section X. Various additives 
such as UV dyes, brighteners, luminescent dyes, antifoggants, stabilizers, 
light absorbing and scattering materials, coating aids, plasticizers, 
lubricants, antistats and matting agents are described, for example, in 
Sections VI-IX. Layers and layer arrangements, color negative and color 
positive features, scan facilitating features, supports, exposure and 
processing can be found in Sections XI-XX. 
The photographic material in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the 
invention is designed for use in association with a cassette, such as 
shown generally in U.S. Pat. No. 5,173,730, which is incorporated by 
reference herein, and in the attached FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, photographic 
element 12 is shown encased in a suitable cassette 14. The cassette 
includes an inlet/outlet 16 for entrance and exit of the photographic 
element 12 into and out of the cassette 14. The photographic element 12 
may be wound upon a suitable spool 18 or on itself (not shown). 
Applicants' invention provides advantageous ferrotyping protection for 
photographic elements which are supplied in such photographic film 
cassettes, processed (i.e., exposed and developed), and which are 
subsequently reintroduced into such cassettes after processing. 
The present invention is also directed to a single use camera having 
incorporated therein a photographic element as described above, or a 
photographic film cassette containing therein such a photographic element. 
Single use cameras are known in the art under various names: film with 
lens, photosensitive material package unit, box camera and photographic 
film package. Other names are also used, but regardless of the name, each 
shares a number of common characteristics. Each is essentially a 
photographic product (camera) provided with an exposure function and 
preloaded with a photographic material. The photographic product comprises 
an inner camera shell loaded with the photographic material, a lens 
opening and lens, and an outer wrapping(s) of some sort. The photographic 
material is exposed in a similar manner as any photographic materials are 
exposed in cameras, and then the product is sent to the developer who 
removes the photographic material and develops it. Return of the product 
to the consumer does not normally occur. Single use cameras and their 
methods of manufacture and use are described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 
4,801,957; 4,901,097; 4,866,459; 4,849,325; 4,751,536; 4,827,298; European 
Patent Applications 0 460 400; 0 533 785; 0 537 908; and 0 578 225, all of 
which are incorporated herein by reference. 
The photographic processing steps to which the elements of the invention 
may be subject after exposure include, but are not limited to, the 
following: 
1) color developing.fwdarw.bleach.fwdarw.fixing washing/stabilizing; 
2) color developing.fwdarw.bleaching.fwdarw.fixing washing/stabilizing; 
3) color developing.fwdarw.bleaching bleach.fwdarw.fixing 
.fwdarw.washing/stabilizing; 
4) color developing.fwdarw.stopping.fwdarw.washing bleaching.fwdarw.washing 
fixing.fwdarw.washing/stabilizing; 
5) color developing bleach.fwdarw.fixing.fwdarw.fixing.fwdarw.a 
washing/stabilizing; 
6) color developing bleaching bleach.fwdarw.fixing.fwdarw.fixing 
washing/stabilizing; 
Among the processing steps indicated above, the steps 1), 2), 3), and 4) 
are preferably applied. Additionally, each of the steps indicated can be 
used with multistage applications as described in Hahm, U.S. Pat. No. 
4,719,173, with co-current, counter-current, and contraco arrangements for 
replenishment and operation of the multistage processor. 
Any photographic processor known to the art can be used to process the 
materials described herein. For instance, large volume processors, and 
so-called minilab and microlab processors may be used. Particularly 
advantageous would be the use of Low Volume Thin Tank processors as 
described in the following references: WO 92/10790; WO 92/17819; WO 
93/04404; WO 92/17370; WO 91/19226; WO 91/12567; WO 92/07302; WO 93/00612; 
WO 92/07301; WO 02/09932; U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,956; EP 559,027; U.S. Pat. 
No. 5,179,404; EP 559,025; U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,762; EP 559,026; U.S. Pat. 
No. 5,313,243; U.S. Pat. No. 5,339,131. 
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples. 
Latex particles used in the coating examples are listed in Table 1 together 
with their mean particle size and composition. 
TABLE 1 
______________________________________ 
Polymer Latex Particles 
Particle 
Diameter (nm) Composition 
______________________________________ 
P-1 25.3 Poly(methyl methacrylate) 
P-2 27.9 Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
methacrylic acid) 97/3 wt % 
P-3 36.8 Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
methacrylamide) 95/5 wt % 
P-4 33.9 Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
N,N-dimethyl acrylamide) 
95/5 wt % 
P-5 39.1 Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
methacrylamide) 90/10 wt % 
P-6 25.3 Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
sodium acrylamido-2- 
methylpropane sulfonate) 
95/5 wt % 
P-7 35.7 Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
methacrylamide-co- 
acetoacetoxyethyl 
methacrylate) 90/5/5 wt % 
______________________________________ 
All the latex polymer particles shown in Table 1 have a glass transition 
temperature of larger than 70.degree. C. 
EXAMPLES 1 to 9 
Photographic Elements 
A series of photographic elements are prepared as follows: A poly(ethylene 
naphthalate) support is used having an antihalation layer on one side and 
an antistatic layer overcoated with a photographically transparent 
magnetic recording layer on the other side. The magnetic recording layer 
comprised a dispersion of cobalt-modified .gamma.-iron oxide particles in 
a polymeric binder with a cross-linker and abrasive particles. The 
polymeric binder was a mixture of cellulose diacetate and cellulose 
triacetate. Total dry coverage for the magnetic layer was nominally about 
1.5 g/m.sup.2. The support is coated on the antihalation layer side with 
the following layers in sequence. 
Interlayer: This layer comprises 2,5-di-t-octyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene 
(0.075 g/m.sup.2), tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (0.113 g/m.sup.2), and 
gelatin (0.86 g/m.sup.2). 
Slow Cyan Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a red sensitive silver 
bromoiodide emulsion (3.3 mole percent iodide) (0.324 .mu.m grain size) 
(0.387 g/m.sup.2 silver), compound CC-1 (0.355 g/m.sup.2), IR-4 (0.011 
g/m.sup.2), B-1 (0.075 g/m.sup.2), S-2 (0.377 g/m.sup.2), S-3 (0.098 
g/m.sup.2), and gelatin (1.64 g/m.sup.2). 
Mid Cyan Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a blend of a red sensitive 
silver bromoiodide emulsion (3.3 mole percent iodide) (0.488 .mu.m grain 
size) (0.816 g/m.sup.2 silver) and a red sensitive, tabular grain, silver 
bromoiodide emulsion (4.5 mole percent iodide) (0.98 .mu.m diameter by 
0.11 .mu.m thick) (0.215 g/m.sup.2 silver), compound CC-1 (0.183 
g/m.sup.2), IR-3 (0.054 g/m.sup.2), B-1 (0.027 g/m.sup.2), CM-1, (0.011 
g/m.sup.2), S-2 (0.183 g/m.sup.2), S-3 (0.035 g/m.sup.2), S-5 (0.054 
g/m.sup.2), and gelatin (1.35 g/m.sup.2). 
Fast Cyan Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a red sensitive, tabular 
grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (4.5 mole percent iodide) (1.10 .mu.m 
diameter by 0.11 .mu.m thick) (1.08 g/m.sup.2 silver), compound CC-1 
(0.161 g/m.sup.2), IR-3 (0.038 g/m.sup.2), IR-4 (0.038 g/m.sup.2), CM-1 
(0.032 g/m.sup.2), S-2 (0.237 g/m.sup.2), S-5 (0.038 g/m.sup.2), and 
gelatin (1.35 g/m.sup.2). 
Interlayer: This layer comprises 2,5-di-t-octyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene 
(0.075 g/m.sup.2), tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (0.113 g/m.sup.2), and 
gelatin (0.86 g/m.sup.2). 
Slow Magenta Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a blend of a green 
sensitive, tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (1.5 mole percent 
iodide) (0.7 .mu.m diameter by 0.112 .mu.m thick) (0.258 g/m.sup.2 Ag), 
and a green sensitive, tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (1.3 
mole percent iodide) (0.54 .mu.m diameter by 0.086 .mu.m thick) (0.409 
g/m.sup.2 Ag), compound M-1 (0.204 g/m.sup.2), MM-1 (0.038 g/m.sup.2), 
ST-1 (0.020 g/m.sup.2), S-1 (0.26 g/m.sup.2), and gelatin (1.18 
g/m.sup.2). 
Mid Magenta Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a green sensitive, 
tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (4.5 mole percent iodide) (0.61 
.mu.m diameter by 0.12 .mu.m thick) (0.646 g/m.sup.2 Ag), compound M-1 
(0.099 g/m.sup.2), MM-1 (0.027 g/m.sup.2), IR-2 (0.022 g/m.sup.2), ST-1 
(0.010 g/m.sup.2), S-1 (0.143 g/m.sup.2), S-2 (0.044 g/m.sup.2), and 
gelatin (1.41 g/m.sup.2). 
Fast Magenta Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a green sensitive, 
tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (4.5 mole percent iodide) (0.98 
.mu.m diameter by 0.113 .mu.m thick) (0.699 g/m.sup.2 Ag), compound M-1 
(0.052 g/m.sup.2), MM-1 (0.032 g/m.sup.2), IR-2 (0.022 g/m.sup.2), ST-1 
(0.005 g/m.sup.2), S-1 (0.111 g/m.sup.2), S-2 (0.044 g/m.sup.2), and 
gelatin (1.123 g/m.sup.2). 
Yellow Filter Layer: This layer comprises 2,5-di-toctyl-1,4-dihydroxy 
benzene (0.075 g/m.sup.2), YD-2 (0.108 g/m.sup.2), Irganox 1076 sold by 
Ciba Geigy (0.01 g/m.sup.2), S-2 (0.121 g/m.sup.2) and gelatin (0.861 
g/m.sup.2). 
Slow Yellow Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a blend of a blue 
sensitive, tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (4.5 mole percent 
iodide) (1.4 .mu.m diameter by 0.131 .mu.m thick) (0.161 g/m.sup.2 Ag), a 
blue sensitive, tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (1.5 mole 
percent iodide) (0.85 .mu.m diameter by 0.131 .mu.m thick) (0.0.108 
g/m.sup.2 Ag), and a blue sensitive, tabular grain, silver bromoiodide 
emulsion (1.3 mole percent iodide) (0.54 .mu.m diameter by 0.086 .mu.m 
thick) (0.161 g/m.sup.2 Ag), compound Y-1 (0.915 g/m.sup.2), IR-1 (0.032 
g/m.sup.2), B-1 (0.0065 g/m.sup.2), S-1 (0.489 g/m.sup.2), S-3 (0.0084 
g/m.sup.2), and gelatin (1.668 g/m.sup.2). 
Fast Yellow Dye-forming Layer: This layer comprises a blue sensitive, 
tabular grain, silver bromoiodide emulsion (4.5 mole percent iodide) (2.3 
.mu.m diameter by 0.128 .mu.m thick) (0.43 g/m.sup.2 Ag), compound Y-1 
(0.15 g/m.sup.2), IR-1 (0.032 g/m.sup.2), B-1 (0.0054 g/m.sup.2), S-1 
(0.091 g/m.sup.2), S-3 (0.0070 g/m.sup.2), and gelatin (0.753 g/m.sup.2). 
UV Protective Layer: Various compositions according to Table 2. 
Outermost Protective Layer: Various compositions according to Table 3. 
##STR1## 
In forming the UV layer, dyes UV-1 and UV-2 are dissolved in S-1 solvent 
and the resultant solutions are dispersed in aqueous gelatin solutions by 
using a homogenizer at 3500 psi and at 45.degree. C. The dispersions are 
then used to form the coating solutions. The coating examples will be 
presented in terms of dry coating compositions. 
TABLE 2 
______________________________________ 
Composition of the UV Protective layer 
______________________________________ 
Gelatin, lime 0.7 g/m.sup.2 
processed 
Colloidal Silver 
0.215 g/m.sup.2 
High boiling in Table 4 
organic 
solvent S-1 
UV-1 in Table 4 
UV-2 in Table 4 
______________________________________ 
TABLE 3 
______________________________________ 
Composition of the Outermost Protective Layer 
______________________________________ 
Gelatin, lime processed 
888 mg/m.sup.2 
Silicone lube, DC-200 (Dow 
40.1 mg/m.sup.2 
Corning) 
Fluorad FC-134 (3M Co.) 
3.9 mg/m.sup.2 
Aerosol OT (American Cyanamide) 
21.5 mg/m.sup.2 
Surfactant Olin 10G (Olin 
27.2 mg/m.sup.2 
Corp.) 
Poly(vinyl toluene-co-divinyl 
53.8 mg/m.sup.2 
benzene) 80/20 wt % 1.5 .mu.m 
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
108 mg/m.sup.2 
methacrylic acid) 45/55 wt % 
2.7 .mu.m 
Latex polymer particle (Table 4) 
In Table 4 
______________________________________ 
Table 4 shows the compositions of the UV and outermost protective layers of 
each photographic element prepared. 
TABLE 4 
______________________________________ 
Outermost 
Protective Layer 
UV Protective Layer 
Coverage UV-1 UV-2 Solvent 
Example Polymer mg/m.sup.2 
mg/m.sup.2 
mg/m.sup.2 
mg/m.sup.2 
______________________________________ 
Example 1 -- -- 106 106 151 
(Comparison) 
Example 2 -- -- 49.4 49.4 68 
(Comparison) 
Example 3 -- -- 0 0 0 
(Comparative) 
Example 4 P-1 323 106 106 151 
(Comparison) 
Example 5 P-2 323 106 106 151 
(Comparison) 
Example 6 P-6 323 106 106 151 
(Comparison) 
Example 7 P-4 323 106 106 151 
(Invention) 
Example 8 P-3 323 106 106 151 
(Invention) 
Example 9 P-5 323 106 106 151 
(Invention) 
______________________________________ 
Evaluation of Surface Defects 
The appearance of surface defects is evaluated by using scanning electron 
microscope. Surface defects or bumps larger than 5 .mu.m are considered to 
be harmful to photographic properties and printable or visible in prints 
or projections. The results are reported in terms of "many" or "none". 
"Many" indicates that there are numerous surface defects caused by the 
presence of latex polymer particles. "None" indicates that no surface 
defects larger than 5 .mu.m are present. 
Evaluation of Ferrotyping Resistance 
A group of six strips of the feature film (processed) are placed in a 80 
percent relative humidity (RH) chamber for a minimum of 16 hours. The 
strips are stacked, sensitized side to unsensitized side and wrapped in 
foil, placed inside a moisture proof wrap, and sealed. The sealed package 
is then placed above a flat glass plate and under a brass bar of the same 
size with weight of 6.89 Kgs (15 lbs). The package, with the glass plate 
and brass bar is then placed in a 37.8.degree. C. (100.degree. F.) room 
for 17 hours. After storage, the bag is opened, the top and bottom strips 
are discarded, and the remaining strips are visually inspected for 
ferrotyping against the following scale: 
______________________________________ 
% of area 
Value showing ferrotyping 
______________________________________ 
A 0 to &lt;5 
B 5 to &lt;20 
C 20 to &lt;50 
D 50 to 100 
______________________________________ 
The testing results are reported in Table 5. 
TABLE 5 
______________________________________ 
Ferrotyping Resistance 
Surface Processed Processed 
Example Defects 80% RH (harsh*) 
80% RH (mild**) 
______________________________________ 
Example 1 None D B 
(Comparison) 
Example 2 None D B 
(Comparison) 
Example 3 None D A 
(Comparison) 
Example 4 Many B A 
(Comparison) 
Example 5 Many B A 
(Comparison) 
Example 6 None C A 
(Comparison) 
Example 7 None B A 
(Invention) 
Example 8 None B A 
(Invention) 
Example 9 None B A 
(Invention) 
______________________________________ 
*processed film strips are dried at 60.degree. C. 
**processed film strips are dried at 40.degree. C. 
As shown in Table 5, the photographic elements (Examples 7 to 9) prepared 
in accordance with the present invention show excellent ferrotyping 
protection and surface quality. Comparative Examples 1-3 do not contain a 
high Tg polymer latex in the outermost protective layer, and accordingly 
do not exhibit surface defects. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 contain 
ultraviolet absorbing dyes and organic solvent in the UV protective layer, 
and show poor post process ferrotyping resistance. Comparative Example 3 
contains no ultraviolet absorbing dyes and organic solvent in the UV 
protective layer, and shows better ferrotyping protection when processed 
under mild conditions, but still poor performance when processed under 
harsh conditions. Additionally, Example 3 has no protection against 
ultraviolet light. Comparative Examples 4 and 5 contain in their outermost 
protective layers a poly(methyl methacrylate) latex and a poly(methyl 
methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) 97/3 wt % latex, respectively. The use 
of such latex particles in the surface protective layer has resulted in 
many surface defects. Comparative Example 6 contains a poly(methyl 
methacrylate-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, sodium salt) 
95/5 wt % latex dispersion. Although the latex does not cause surface 
defects, the resultant element has an inferior ferrotyping resistance. 
EXAMPLES 10 to 14 
Photographic Elements 
A series of photographic elements are prepared as above. The UV protective 
layer is prepared according to the composition in Table 6 and coated on 
the top of the fast yellow dye forming layer. The outermost protective 
layer is prepared according to the composition in Table 7 and coated on 
the top of the UV protective layer. 
In forming the UV layer of the present invention, the UV-1 and UV-2 are 
dissolved in S-1 solvent and the resultant solutions are dispersed in 
aqueous gelatin solutions by using a homogenizer at 3500 psi and at 
45.degree. C. The dispersions are then used to form the coating solutions. 
The coating examples will be presented in terms of dry coating 
compositions. 
TABLE 6 
______________________________________ 
Composition of the UV Protective layer 
______________________________________ 
Gelatin 0.7 g/m.sup.2 
Colloidal Silver 
0.215 g/m.sup.2 
UV-1 in Table 4 
UV-2 in Table 4 
______________________________________ 
TABLE 7 
______________________________________ 
Composition of the Outermost Protective Layer 
______________________________________ 
Gelatin, lime processed 
888 mg/m.sup.2 
Silicone lube, DC-200 (Dow Corning) 
40.1 mg/m.sup.2 
Fluorad FC-134 (3M Co.) 
3.9 mg/m.sup.2 
Aerosol OT (American Cyanamide) 
21.5 mg/m.sup.2 
Surfactant Olin 10G (Olin Corp.) 
27.2 mg/m.sup.2 
Matte 1, Poly(methyl methacrylate), 
53.8 mg/m.sup.2 
1.5 .mu.m 
Matte 2, Poly(methyl methacrylate), 
Table 8 
0.8 .mu.m 
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
108 mg/m.sup.2 
methacrylic acid) 45/55 wt % 2.7 .mu.m 
Latex polymer particle (Table 4) 
323 mg/m.sup.2 
______________________________________ 
Table 8 shows the compositions of the protective layer of each photographic 
element prepared. 
TABLE 8 
______________________________________ 
Outermost Protective Layer 
UV Protective Layer 
Matte 2 Polymer Coverage 
UV-1 UV-2 
Example mg/m.sup.2 
latex mg/m.sup.2 
mg/m.sup.2 
mg/m.sup.2 
______________________________________ 
Example 10 
-- -- -- 106 106 
(Comparison) 
Example 11 
161.4 -- -- 106 106 
(Comparison) 
Example 12 
-- -- -- 0 0 
(Comparison) 
Example 13 
-- P-7 323 106 106 
(Invention) 
Example 14 
-- P-3 323 106 106 
(Invention) 
______________________________________ 
Post Process Film Surface Gloss Evaluation 
Post process film surface gloss is evaluated in accordance with ASTM Method 
D523-89 at an angle of 20 degrees. The surface gloss is rated against the 
following scale: 
______________________________________ 
Rating 
Surface Gloss 
______________________________________ 
Exc. .gtoreq.50 
Good .gtoreq.35 and &lt;50 
Poor &lt;35 
______________________________________ 
Evaluation of UV Spark Protection 
Two strips of film (305 mm (12 inches).times.35 mm) are exposed to a 
continuous 5000K daylight source, with only light from 400 to 700 nm used. 
A step tablet is used to attenuate light and provides a stepped exposure 
as per ANSI Std PH 2.27--1971. The photographic speed of the topmost light 
sensitive record is computed in accordance with that standard. A second 
pair of strips of the same film is exposed to a light source which 
transmits light from 300 nm to 400 nm (also called the ultraviolet 
region), using the same step tablet as in the first set of exposures. The 
photographic speed of the topmost record is computed in a similar manner. 
The difference in speed between the daylight exposure and the ultraviolet 
only exposure is a measure of the absorption of the materials contained in 
the overcoats. UV spark protection is said to be acceptable (pass) when 
the difference in speed is larger than 60, and unacceptable (fail) when 
the difference in speed is less than 60. 
Evaluation of Ferrotyping Resistance 
A group of six strips of the feature film (processed) are placed in a 80 
percent relative humidity (RH) chamber for a minimum of 16 hours The 
strips are stacked, sensitized side to unsensitized side and wrapped in 
foil, placed inside a moisture proof wrap, and sealed. The sealed package 
is then placed above a flat glass plate and under a brass bar of the same 
size with weight of 6.89 Kgs (15 lbs). The package, with the glass plate 
and brass bar is then placed in a 37.8.degree. C. (100.degree. F.) room 
for 17 hours. After storage, the bag is opened, the top and bottom strips 
are discarded, and the remaining strips are visually inspected for 
ferrotyping against the following scale: 
______________________________________ 
% of area showing 
Value ferrotyping 
______________________________________ 
A 0 to &lt;5 
B 5 to &lt;20 
C 20 to &lt;50 
D 50 to 100 
______________________________________ 
The testing results are reported in Table 9. 
TABLE 9 
______________________________________ 
Ferrotyping Resistance 
Processed 
Processed 
Surface UV 80% RH 80% RH 
Example Gloss Protection 
(harsh*) 
(mild**) 
______________________________________ 
Example 10 
Excellent 
Pass D B 
(Comparison) 
Example 11 
Poor Pass B A 
(Comparison) 
Example 12 
Excellent 
Fail D B 
(Comparison) 
Example 13 
Excellent 
Pass B A 
(Invention) 
Example 14 
Excellent 
Pass B A 
(Invention) 
______________________________________ 
*processed film strips are dried at 60.degree. C. 
**processed film strips are dried at 40.degree. C. 
As shown in Table 9, the photographic elements (Examples 13 and 14) 
prepared in accordance with the present invention show excellent surface 
gloss, good UV spark protection, and excellent ferrotyping protection. 
Comparative Examples 10 does not contain a high Tg latex particle in its 
protective layer and show poor post process ferrotyping resistance. 
Comparative Example 11 contains in its protective layer matte particles of 
two different nominal sizes (bimodal) and shows good ferrotyping 
protection. However, post process film surface gloss is very low. 
Comparative Example 12 shows no protection against UV light and poor post 
process ferrotyping protection. 
EXAMPLES 15 and 16 
Photographic Elements 
The photographic elements are prepared as described above except the 
protective layer compositions which are listed in Tables 10 and 11. 
TABLE 10 
______________________________________ 
Composition of the UV Protective layer 
______________________________________ 
Gelatin, lime 700 mg/m.sup.2 
processed 
Colloidal Silver 
215 mg/m.sup.2 
UV-1 106 mg/m.sup.2 
UV-2 106 mg/m.sup.2 
______________________________________ 
TABLE 11 
______________________________________ 
Composition of the Outermost Protective Layer 
______________________________________ 
Gelatin, lime processed 
888 mg/m.sup.2 
Silicone lube, DC-200 (Dow 
40.1 mg/m.sup.2 
Corning) 
Fluorad FC-134 (3M Co.) 
3.9 mg/m.sup.2 
Aerosol OT (American Cyanamide) 
21.5 mg/m.sup.2 
Surfactant Olin 10G (Olin Corp.) 
27.2 mg/m.sup.2 
Poly(methyl methacrylate), 1.5 .mu.m 
53.8 mg/m.sup.2 
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co- 
108 mg/m.sup.2 
methacrylic acid) 45/55 wt % 2.7 .mu.m 
Latex polymer particle (Table 8) 
322.9 mg/m.sup.2 
______________________________________ 
Negative Return in Cartridge (NRIC) Testing 
Films are slit to 24 mm width, exposed to 1.0 neutral density and processed 
in Process C41. The processed film is then conditioned to 80% RH and 
loaded into cartridges designed for Advanced Photographic System to 
simulate reloading in a high humidity environment. The reload cartridges 
are then stored at 26.7.degree. C. (80.degree. F.) for 2 days, after which 
they are evaluated for the percentage of area that shows surface 
ferrotyping against the following scale: 
______________________________________ 
% of area 
Value showing ferrotyping 
______________________________________ 
A 0 
B &gt;0 to &lt;5 
C 5 to &lt;20 
D 20 to &lt;50 
E 50 to 100 
______________________________________ 
The testing results are reported in Table 12. 
______________________________________ 
NRIC 
Example Polymer Latex 
Ferrotyping 
______________________________________ 
Example 15 -- B 
(Comparison) 
Example 16 P-3 A 
(Invention) 
______________________________________ 
The comparison example 15 contains no hard latex particles in its surface 
protective layer, and therefore shows poorer post process NRIC ferrotyping 
resistance. On the other hand, Example 16 prepared in accordance with the 
present invention shows excellent post process NRIC ferrotyping 
protection.