Bolt starting device

An improvement in a ratcheting socket wrench wherein an elongated shaft is journalled in the handle and is provided with a knob at the outer end of the handle. The shaft is also reciprocally disposed in the handle where in one position it can be rotated thereby rotating the drive stud for starting or removing loose bolts and the like and in a second position it may be rotated to engage the ratcheting device for drive in either direction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to improvements in a ratcheting wrench and 
more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a feature for 
disengagement of the ratcheting action and remote turning of the bolt or 
nut for starting or removing loose bolts and the like and engaging the 
ratchet action for driving in either direction from the end of the handle. 
2. Prior Art 
In the ordinary use of a ratcheting socket wrench, it is often required 
that the wrench be removed from hard to get to places in order to change 
the direction of the drive stud. This is because the direction switch is 
normally located on the drive head opposite the drive stud. 
Further, there is the ever present problem associated with using a ratchet 
wrench when the bolt or nut is loose. This often occurs when attempting to 
start a bolt or in loosening a bolt after it has been broken loose. In 
most cases, the ratchet action is so tight that it will not operate when 
the bolt is loose. 
Several devices have been designed to overcome the problem of rotating 
loose bolts as evidenced by the patents to McLean, U.S. Pat. No. 735,134 
issued in 1903 and the patent to Marvin, U.S. Pat. No. 2,703,030 issued in 
1955, both of which teach the use of a rotating shaft carried by wrench 
handle and engageable with a gear at the drive stud. However, it is noted 
that neither of the patents provide the mechanism to center the ratchet 
pawl during finger tightening or loosening operations. 
Further, the date span of the patents indicate how long the problem has 
been around but the absence of such tools on the market are evidenced that 
the designs have not been feasible to construct. Neither of the said 
patents address the problem of convenient changing of direction of the 
ratchet action. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is particularly designed and constructed to provide a 
compact and efficient ratchet wrench which, by the use of a rotatable 
shaft carried by the handle, tightening and loosening already loose bolts, 
nuts and the like may be accomplished while the same shaft is utilized to 
change ratchet directions. 
The wrench generally comprises a typical ratchet wrench head having a 
rotatable drive stud mounted therein and an elongated handle member 
secured to or made as an integral part of the head. The back of the drive 
stud is provided with a circular plate having its plane perpendicular to 
the rotational axis of the drive stud. The face of the circular plate 
opposite the drive stud is provided with a concave shaped bevel gear while 
the outer periphery of the circular plate is provided with a plurality of 
ratchet teeth. 
Spaced from the circular plate member is a semi-circular plate member 
pivotally secured to the wrench head and having a convex arcuate bevel 
gear around the outer periphery thereof. A spaced pair of pawl members are 
secured to either side of the semi-circular plate member and may be 
alternately engageable with the ratchet teeth of the circular plate member 
or may be centered to disengage the pawl members completely. 
An elongated shaft is rotatably and slidably carried by the handle, the 
inner end extending into the wrench head adjacent the circular plate 
member and the outer end terminating with an external knurl knob to 
facilitate manual rotation of the shaft. 
The inner end of the shaft is provided with a conical frustum-shaped bevel 
gear engageable with the circular plate member bevel gear when the shaft 
is in a withdrawn position. 
A second conical frustum-shaped bevel gear is carried by the shaft, spaced 
from the first bevel gear and is engageable with the bevel gear of the 
semi-circular plate when the shaft is fully pushed into the wrench. The 
pivotal semi-circular plate and associated pawls will be referred to as a 
ratchet pawl switch. 
A centering plate is carried by the shaft between the conical beveled gears 
and is engageable with a portion of the ratchet pawl switch such that when 
the shaft is withdrawn engaging the end bevel gear, the centering plate 
forces the switch plate to its center position thereby disengaging the 
pawl. 
Hence, when it is desired to use the wrench as an ordinary ratchet wrench, 
the shaft is fully pushed into the wrench, engaging the second bevel gear 
with the pawl switch. The knob is rotated in one direction or the other to 
engage one of the pawls with the ratchet teeth of the circular plate. 
On the other hand, in order to rotate the drive stud remotely without the 
ratchet action, the shaft is pulled out thereby engaging the end bevel 
gear and the circular plate bevel gear such that rotation of the shaft in 
either direction will effect rotation of the drive stud in that same 
direction. 
Stated another way, clockwise rotation of the shaft produces clockwise 
rotation of the drive stud. 
The shaft and wrench handle is provided with spring detent means to tend to 
hold the shaft in either the fully inserted or fully withdrawn positions. 
The present invention provides a simple and efficient ratchet wrench having 
the dual features of ratchet action and easy rotation action, both being 
remotely controlled from the end of the handle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
Referring to the drawings in detail, reference character 10 generally 
indicates a ratchet wrench embodying the present invention and comprising 
a ratchet head 12 having an elongated drive stud 14 rotatably mounted in 
the ratchet head for connection with ordinary stocket tools (not shown). 
The wrench also includes an elongated hollow handle member 16 which is 
attached to the ratchet head 12 or made as an integral part thereof and 
extends outwardly therefrom. 
A circular plate member 18 is attached to the back of the drive stud 14 or 
can be made as an integral part thereof, the center line rotational axis 
of the plate 18 being coincidental with the rotational axis of the drive 
stud 14. The plate 18 is rotationally mounted in an aperture 20 of the 
drive head and is held in place by a suitable split ring 22 as shown in 
the drawings. The outer periphery of the circular plate member 18 is 
provided with a plurality of ratcheting teeth 24 for a purpose that will 
be hereinafter set forth. The inner face of the circular plate 18, 
opposite the drive stud 14, is provided with a concave-shaped circular 
bevel gear 26 which is in open communication with the hollow interior 28 
of the ratchet head. 
Also located within the open interior 28 of the ratchet head 12 is a 
ratchet pawl switch generally indicated by reference character 30 and 
comprises a semi-circular plate member 32 which is pivotally secured to 
the ratchet head 12 by means of a pivot pin 34, the pivot pin 34 being 
parallel to the rotational axis of the drive stud. The outer semi-circular 
face of the plate 32 is provided with a convex arcuate bevel gear which 
will be referred to as a convex bevel gear 36. A pair of oppositely 
disposed outwardly extending pawl members 38 and 40 are secured to each 
side of the ratchet pawl switch adjacent the ends of the bevel gear and 
are positioned such that each said pawl member 38 and 40 may be 
alternately engageable with the ratchet teeth 24 of the circular plate 
member 18. Further, when the ratchet pawl switch 30 is centered as shown 
in FIG. 2, neither of the pawl members 38 or 40 are engaged with the 
ratchet teeth 24. 
It is also noted by referring to FIG. 6 that when one of the pawls such as 
the pawl 40 is engaged with the ratchet teeth 24, a tangent line, as 
indicated by reference character 42 which is tangent to the circular plate 
member 18 at the point of contact with the pawl member 40, passes between 
the circular plate member 18 and the pivot point 34 of the ratchet pawl 
switch 30. This spacing of the pivot point 34 with respect to the ratchet 
teeth 24 allows the said circular plate member with the drive stud 
attached to rotate only in one direction when either pawl is engaged with 
the ratchet teeth 24 of the circular plate member 18. 
Referring now to FIG. 3, it is noted that the ratchet pawl switch 30 is 
further provided with a flattened portion 44 which, when the ratchet pawl 
switch is centered, the plane of the flattened portion 44 is perpendicular 
to the axis of the hollow handle member 16. 
In order to urge the ratchet pawl switch in either one direction or the 
other, a suitable bullet-type compression spring member 46 is pivotally 
mounted within a recess 48 in the ratchet head near the handle attachment 
point and is likewise pivotally engaged in a suitable recess 50 provided 
in the ratched pawl switch 30. 
An elongated rotatable shaft member 52 is rotatably and slidably journalled 
within the hollow handle member 16 and extends from the outside end of the 
handle member into the hollow space 28 of the ratchet head 12. 
The inner end of the shaft 52 is provided with a conical frustrum-shaped 
bevel gear 54 which is engageable with the bevel gear 26 of the circular 
plate member 18 when the shaft 52 is withdrawn to its maximum extent as 
shown in FIG. 3. A second similar and oppositely disposed conical 
frustrum-shaped bevel gear 56 is carried by the shaft 52 and spaced from 
the bevel gear 54 such that the bevel gear 56 engages the ratched pawl 
switch bevel gear 36 when the shaft 52 is inserted to its fullest extent 
within the wrench as shown in FIG. 5. It is noted that only one of the 
bevel gears 54 or 56 may be engaged with the bevel gears inside the wrench 
head at any one position. 
A circular plate member 58 is rigidly carried by the shaft 52 intermediate 
the bevel gears 54 and 56 and is positioned such that when the shaft 52 is 
fully withdrawn as shown in FIG. 3, the said plate member 58 will contact 
the flattened portion 44 of the ratchet pawl switch 30 thereby centering 
the pawl and disengaging them from the ratchet teeth 24. 
The outer end of the shaft 52 is provided with a knurled knob 53 to 
facilitate manipulation of the shaft from the end of the handle. 
The shaft 52 is also provided with a pair of spaced annular grooves 60 and 
62 which are alternately engageable with a spring loaded ball detent 64 
located in the ratchet head. When the shaft 52 is totally withdrawn as 
shown in FIG. 3, the ball detent is engaged with the groove 60 thereby 
tending to hold the shaft in that position while still allowing rotation 
thereof. Likewise, when the shaft is fully inserted within the wrench as 
shown in FIG. 5, the ball detent 64 is engaged with the groove 62 likewise 
tending to hold the shaft in that position while allowing rotation 
thereof. 
As a practical matter, the shaft may be constructed as shown in FIG. 3 by 
having a reduced portion 66 at the inner end thereof. The bevel gears 54 
and 56 along with the plate member 58 may then be mounted on a sleeve 
member 68 which can be secured to the reduced shaft portion 66 by means of 
a set screw 70. This arrangement will permit the wrench to be assembled 
through the aperture of the opening 20 in the wrench head so that the 
entire wrench body can be made of a single part. 
Further as a practical matter, it may be necessary to make the ratchet head 
12 of a split construction (not shown) for ease of manufacture. 
In operation, if it is desirable to use the wrench as a typical ratchet 
wrench, the handle member 52 is fully inserted within the wrench as shown 
in FIG. 5 thereby engaging the bevel gear 56 on the shaft with the bevel 
gear 36 on the ratchet pawl switch 30. By use of the knob 53 the shaft may 
be rotated in either desired direction thereby either engaging the pawl 38 
or the pawl 40 with the ratchet teeth 24. The wrench may be manipulated 
back and forth, the engaged pawl and ratchet teeth causing the drive stud 
to rotate in only one direction. Switching directions may be easily 
accomplished by simply rotating the shaft 52 to engage the opposite pawl. 
On the other hand, when it is desired to operate the wrench on a loose nut 
or bolt for either tightening or loosening, the shaft member 52 is fully 
withdrawn as shown in FIG. 3 thereby engaging the bevel gear 54 on the end 
of the shaft with the concave circular bevel gear 26. The withdrawing of 
the shaft 52 also causes the plate member 58 to engage the flattened 
surface 44 of the pawl switch thereby centering the pawl switch and 
holding the pawls 38 and 40 out of engagement with the ratchet teeth 24. 
The knob 53 may be then rotated in either direction thereby effecting a 
like rotation of the drive stud 14 through the meshed bevel gears. 
Referring now to FIG. 8, an alternate schematic is shown having the bevel 
gears reversed from those shown and described in the previous drawings. In 
this case, the drive stud is connected to a circular plate having a convex 
bevel gear and indicated by reference character 72 while the ratchet pawl 
switch indicated by reference character 74 is reversed from that shown in 
the first embodiment. The bevel gears 76 and 78 carried by a shaft 80 are 
spaced apart and reversed in the manner shown in FIG. 8 while the 
centering plate 82 is on the opposite side of the pawl switch plate 74. 
Therefore, when the shaft 80 is in a withdrawn position, the bevel gear 78 
engages the bevel gear of the switch plate 74. Alternately when the shaft 
80 is fully inserted within the wrench, the bevel gear 76 would engage the 
bevel gear 72 and the plate 82 would contact and center the pawl switch 
74. 
This schematic depicts an alternate way of accomplishing the invention as 
would straight gears as opposed to bevel gears (not shown). Therefore, it 
is understood that other and further modifications apart from those shown 
or suggested herein may be made within the spirit and scope of the 
invention.