Process for colouring and permanent shaping keratin fibres

A process for coloring and permanently shaping keratin fibers especially human hair comprising applying to the human hair: (a) an aqueous coloring composition based on at least one oxidative dye precursor and optionally at least one coupling substance but not comprising any direct dye is mixed with a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent and applied onto hair and rinsed off from hair with water after processing 5 to 45 min at a temperature of 20 to 45° C. and towel dried, (b) placing the towel dried hair on curlers, (c) applying an aqueous composition comprising at least one reducing agent and rinsed off from hair with water after a processing time of 2 to 30 min at ambient temperature and towel dried, (d) applying a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent and processed for 2 to 15 min and optionally rinsed off from hair with water and optionally towel dried, and (e) applying an aqueous oxidative coloring composition based on at least one oxidative dye precursor and optionally at least one coupling substance is mixed with a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent and rinsed off from hair with water after processing 5 to 45 min at a temperature of 20 to 45° C., towel dried and dried with a dryer or left to dry in the air.

The present invention is related to a process for colouring and permanent shaping keratin fibres especially human hair in a single process.

Oxidative colouring hair is a common practice in hair dressing area. Permanent shaping is also a common process and especially curling straight hair is used in order to increase visible hair volume.

Currently these two chemical alteration processes of keratin fibres especially human hair are carried out separately in two independent processes in order to secure optimal and long lasting colouration and permanent shaping, especially curling. In practice a person willing to have both chemical services is, therefore, asked to visit the hair dressing salon twice within a short period of time. In the first visit, hair is permanently shaped and after a week of two or three hair is oxdatively coloured. This brings about first of all economical problems and secondly very much time intensive.

There are a few attempts made to carry out two chemical services in a single process, in the same hair dresser visit. For example EP 1655056 A1 discloses a process for colouring and permanently shaping hair wherein oxidative colouration is carried out first and the hair is treated with an acidic treatment and after rinsing off the acidic treatment and rolling up the hair onto curlers, a keratin reducing agent is applied onto hair and processed and finally hair is fixed with an oxidizing agent and treated with an acidic treatment again, if necessary. It has been observed that with the suggested method hair is not curled very effectively and also colours so obtained lack intensity, shine and especially durability. It has further been observed that hair needs rich conditioning after such a process since considerable amount of hair damage took place.

Other than the above suggested process, it has been a long hair dressing practice to use the fixing stage of a permanent shaping process at the same time for colouring hair. It should be noted that a permanent shaping hair involves two steps. In the first step the disulfide bonds are broken by using a reducing agent in an alkaline medium and in the second stage the broken disulfide bonds are recovered using an oxidizing agent. Oxidizing agent used in a permanent shaping process usually comprises low level of oxidizing agent and more importantly does not have a strong alkaline pH, rather has an acidic pH where enough oxygen is provided to recover disulfide bonds. This is however quite different condition form oxidative colouring hair since there is required neutral to strong alkaline conditions and high concentration of oxidizing agent for securing intensive, homogeneous and long lasting colours.

The present invention starts from the objective in achieving excellently intensive, shiny colours and at the same time excellent permanent shaping of keratin fibres, especially curling, without damaging keratin fibres excessively.

It has surprisingly been found out when keratin fibres especially human hair is coloured and permanently shaped according to a process described below, colour intensity, brilliance and durability is excellent and hair is excellently permanently shaped. It has further been observed that hair is less damaged at the end of inventive process of the present invention.

The novel process for colouring and permanently shaping keratin fibres especially human hair according to the present invention includes the following steps:a—an aqueous oxidative colouring composition based on at least one oxidative dye precursor and optionally at least one coupling substance but not comprising any direct dye is mixed with a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent and applied onto hair and rinsed off from hair with water after processing 5 to 45 min at a temperature of 20 to 45° C. and towel dried,b—the towel dried hair is put on curlers,c—an aqueous composition comprising at least one reducing agent is applied onto hair and rinsed off from hair with water after a processing time of 2 to 30 min at ambient temperature and towel dried,d—a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent is applied onto hair processed for 2 to 15 min and optionally rinsed off from hair with water, curlers are taken off from hair and optionally towel dried, ande—an aqueous oxidative colouring composition based on at least one oxidative dye precursor and optionally at least one coupling substance is mixed with a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent and applied onto hair and rinsed off from hair with water after processing 5 to 45 min at a temperature of 20 to 45° C. and towel dried and dried with a dryer or left to dry in the air.

Further object of the present invention is the use of the above process for colouring and permanently shaping hair in a single process.

The oxidative colouring composition used in the step “a” of the above described process comprises at least one oxidative dye precursors. In general any oxidative dye precursor is suitable for the purpose of the present invention.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, aqueous oxidative colouring composition of applied onto hair in step “a” comprises at least one coupling agent. In general any coupling agent known in the art is suitable for the purpose of the present invention.

Concentration of oxidation dyes precursors and coupler is customarily in the range of 0.01 to 5% by weight calculated to total composition prior to mixing.

Aqueous oxidative colouring composition is mixed with an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent in step “a” of the above process. As a rule, any oxidizing agent is suitable; the most preferred is hydrogen peroxide. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the composition is between 2 to 12% by weight calculated to the oxidizing composition prior to mixing.

Mixing ratio of composition comprising at least one oxidative dye precursor and optionally at least one coupler with a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent is in a weight ratio range of 3:1 to 1:3, preferably 2:1 to 1:2 and most preferably 1:1.

The aqueous oxidative colouring composition used in step “a” has a pH in the range of 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 10.5, more preferably 6.5 to 10 after mixing with an aqueous oxidizing composition and measured at room temperature. Particularly preferred pH is around neutral pH namely 6.6 to 9.5 again after mixing with an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent.

Processing time of oxidative colouring composition in step “a” is preferably 5 to 30 min and more preferably 10 to 20 min.

The curlers can have various diameters depending on the curl diameter to be achieved and not critical for carrying out the invention. Skilled in the hair dressing art, hair dresser, can select the best suited diameter depending on customers' hair length, targeted curl intensity and finally customers' wishes.

The permanent shaping compositions used in the process according to the invention comprise at least one reducing compound at a concentration of at least 2.0% by weight calculated to total composition. Preferred are thioglycolic acid and thiolactic acid as well as the salts thereof, in particular the ammonium and ethanolamine salts. Further useful thio compounds are in particular cysteine or the hydrochloride thereof, homocysteine, cysteamine, N-acetyl cysteine, thioglycerol, ethanediol monothioglycollate, 1,2-propyleneglycol monothioglycollate (see also WO-A 93/1791), 1,3-propanediol monothioglycollate or the isomer mixture resulting therefrom, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol monothioglycollate and the isomer mixtures therefrom, polyethylene glycol, such as di-, tri- and tetraethyleneglycol monothioglycollates, glycerol monothiolactate and further thio acids and the esters thereof, as well as mixtures thereof.

The use of inorganic reducing sulfur compounds such as sodium hydrogen sulfite is basically also possible.

The total reduction agent content in the compositions according to the invention customarily amounts from 2.0 to 15%, preferably 2.5 to 12.5% by weight, calculated to total or reducing composition.

The permanent shaping compositions containing reducing agents used in step “c” of the above process can, if necessary, comprise alkalizing agents. Their quantity is dependent on the reducing agent and the desired pH-value of the composition. Reducing agent compositions preferably contain 0.1% to 5%, in particular 0.5% to 2.5% by weight thereof, calculated to the total composition. Alkalizing agents preferred within the scope of the invention are ammonia, hydroxyalkyl amines such as monoethanol amine and triethanolamine, ammonium carbamate, ammonia and/or ammonium(bi)carbonate. It is desirable to adjust the pH-value between about 6.5 and 10.5, preferably about 7 to 9.5.

The viscosity best suited for the reducing compositions used in the above process step “c” proved to be in the range of 500 to 10,000 mPa·s, preferably about 1,000 to about 5,000 mPa·s, measured at 20° C. in a Brookfield viscosimeter (no. 5 spindle).

The viscosity is adjusted by addition of the appropriate amounts of thickening agents known per se, such as cellulose derivatives. Thickening may as well be realized by formulating a composition in form of an emulsion with the use of C10-C22-fatty alcohols, in admixture with long mono alkyl chain quaternary ammonium surfactants.

Composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent used in step “d” of the above novel process comprises preferably hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent at a concentration of preferably 1 to 5%, more preferably 2 to 3% by weight calculated to total composition. The pH of the composition is in the range of 2 to 6, preferably 2.5 to 5, more preferably 3 to 5 and most preferably 3 to 4.5 measured at room temperature.

In the novel process of the present invention, aqueous oxidative colouring compositions used in step “e” can basically be the same composition used in step “a”. At this step pH of the aqueous oxidative colouring composition is in the range of 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 11 and more preferably 6.5 to 10 and most preferably 6.6 to 9.5, measured after mixing with an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent preferably hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1 to 12% by weight calculated to total composition prior to mixing.

The above mentioned oxidative dye precursors and couplers are also suitable for oxidative dyeing compositions used in step “e” of the above novel process.

Furthermore, oxidative colouring composition used in step “e” of the above novel process may comprise direct dyes. Suitable direct dyes are those anionic, cationic and neutral nitro dyes. They can also be used in mixture.

Any cationic direct dye is in principal suitable for the compositions. Examples are Basic Blue 6, Basic Blue 7, Basic Blue 9, Basic Blue 26, Basic Blue 41, Basic Blue 99, Basic Brown 4, Basic Brown 16, Basic Brown 17, Natural Brown 7, Basic Green 1, Basic Orange 31, Basic Red 2, Basic Red 12 Basic Red 22, Basic Red 51, Basic Red 76, Basic Violet 1, Basic Violet 2, Basic Violet 3, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 14, Basic Yellow 57 and Basic Yellow 87.

Among those, the preferred anionic dyestuffs are Acid Red 52, Acid Violet 2, Acid Red 33, Acid Orange 4, Acid Red 27 and Acid Yellow 10 and their salts. The most preferred anionic dyes are Acid Red 52, Acid Violet 2, Acid Red 33, Acid Orange 4 and Acid Yellow 10, and their salts

Concentration of one or more direct dyes in total is in the range of 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3% more preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight calculated to total composition prior to mixing with a composition comprising oxidizing agent.

Either oxidative colouring compositions used in steps “a” and “e” and/or reducing composition used in step “c” and/or oxidizing composition used in steps “a” “d” and “e” can comprise the following ingredients explained in detail below, unless otherwise stated.

The above mentioned composition comprises surfactants selected from anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric ones. Their proportion ranges from 0.05 % to 10%, in particular from 0.1 % to 5 % by weight, calculated to total composition.

Suitable anionic surfactants are especially the known alkyl ether sulfates and carboxylic acids, in particular in form of their alkali salts, as well as protein fatty acid condensates.

Suitable nonionic surfactants, which are preferred within the scope of the invention, are in particular C8-C18-fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid alkanolamides, amineoxides, and especially C8-C18-alkyl polyglucosides.

Also possible is the incorporation of amphoteric surfactants, such as the known alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, and alkyl amphoacetates.

Further according to a further preferred embodiment, the above mentioned compositions comprise at least one cationic surfactant according to general formula

where R1s a saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 8-22 C atoms or
R5CONH(CH2)n
where R5is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4 or
R6COO(CH2)n
where R6is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4, and
R2is a hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 1-22 C atoms or
R5CONH(CH2)n
where R5is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4 or
R6COO(CH2)n
where R6is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4,
and R3and R4are independent from each other H or lower alkyl chain with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X is chloride, bromide or methosulfate.

Concantration of cationic surfactant is in the range from 0.05% to 5%, preferably 0.1% to 2.5% by weight, calculated to total composition.

From the above quaternary ammonium compounds disclosed with the general formula, especially to mention are those compounds known per se and are on the market, for example, under the trade names “Schercoquat®”, “Dehyquart® F30” and “Tetranyl®”. Use of these compounds, the so-called “esterquats”, in hair care compositions is described, for example, in WO-A 93/107 48, WO-A 92/068 99 and WO-A 94/166 77, wherein, however, there is no reference made to the combinations according to the present invention and the advantageous properties thereof.

Again from the above quaternary ammonium compounds disclosed with the general formula, especially to mention are those compounds are known per se and on the market, for example, under the trade name “INCROQUAT® HO” or “OCS”. These compounds are known with a general ingredient category under “amidoquat” in the cosmetic industry.

Compositions mentioned above can also comprise thickening agents to adjust the viscosity to the desired value. All known thickening agents such as anionic, non-ionic, cationic polymers are suitable for the purpose of the invention. It should be noted that compatibility with various ingredients of individual compositions should be paid attention when selecting thickening polymer. Suitable ones are cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl or methyl cellulose, anionic acrylate polymers, cationic cellulose derivatives.

Thickening of the compositions can also be achieved by formulating an emulsion. In such a case at least one fatty alcohol with an alkyl chain length of 12 to 22 C atoms should be present in the composition. Examples are cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or their mixture, myristyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol. Branched fatty alcohols such as octyldodecanol may also be present either alone or in mixture with kinear fatty alcohols. Emulsions must also comprise an emulsifier selected from anionic, non-ionic and cationic surfactants as mentioned above. Most preferred emulsifies are those ethoxylated fatty alcohols as nonionc ones, alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates as anionc ones and monoalkyl quaternary ammonium ones as cationic surfactants.

Further the above mentioned compositions may comprise additional cationic polymer. Basically suitable are all cationic polymers listed under the generic name “Polyquaternium” in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary. Examples are Polyquaternium 6, Polyquaternium 7, Polyquaternium 10, Polyquaternium 11, Polyquaternium 22 and Polyquaternium 28, and Polyquaternium 39.

In particular and in further preferred embodiment of the present invention, aqueous reducing composition used in step “c” of the novel process comprises further at least one copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole at a concentration in the range of 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, calculated to total composition. Preferred copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole has a charge density of at least 2 meq/g, preferably 3.0 meq/g, more preferably 6.1 meq/g at pH 7.0. Such polymers are available under the trade name Luviquat from BASF.

The cationic polymers also include the quaternized products of graft polymers from organopolysiloxanes and polyethyl oxazolines described in EP-A 524 612 and EP-A 640 643. Such polymer is known with its CTFA name Polysilicone-9.

Concantration of one or more additional cationic polymers is in the range from 0.05% to 2.5%, preferably 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, calculated to total composition.

Further the above mentioned composition comprise preferably at least one organic solvent. Suitable organic solvents are 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, mono and dialcohols or the ethers thereof, in particular mono-C1-C3-alkyl ether, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-methoxypropanol, 1-ethoxypropanol and ethoxydiglycol, diols and their esters 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, diethyleneglycol and the monomethyl and monoethyl ether thereof, dipropylene glycol and the monomethyl and monoethyl ether thereof, glycerol, hexanetriol, ethyl carbitol, benzyl alcohol, benzyloxy ethanol, propylene carbonate, N-alkyl pyrrolidone, and urea or their mixture preferably in an amount from about 0.1% to 10% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

The above mentioned compositions can comprise further ceramide type of compound such as cetyl-PG-hydroxyethylpalmitamide.

Further optional ingredient are sterols, especially the phytosterols are useful hair restructuring compounds can be present in the above mentioned compositions. Especially preferred ones are of plant origin for example ergosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, fucosterol, brassicasterol, fungisterol, campesterol, zymosterol, ascosterol, cerevisterol, episterol, faecosterol, spinasterol. Among those phytosterols, the ones found in “Avocadin” which is the unsaponified fraction of the avocado oil is more preferred.

Optionally fatty acids of C10 to C22 may be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention at a concentration of preferably 0.01 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5 and more preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight calculated to total composition.

It is the preferred embodiment of the present invention that oxidative colouring compositions used in steps “a” and “e” of the novel process comprise at least one saturated or unsaturated fatty acid with 12 to 22 C atoms in its molecule at a concentration of 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, calculated to total composition.

Another preferred compound in the compositions mentioned above used in the novel process of the present invention is silicone compounds and especially aminated silicones such as amodimethicone available from for example Dow Corning under the brand names Dow Corning 949 Emulsion and Dow Corning 2-8194. Concentration of silicones, especially amodimethicone, is in the range of 0.05 to 2.5%, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight calculated to total composition.

Additionally, one or more natural oil component may be incorporated into the above mentioned compositions. Suitable are such as olive oil, almond oil, avocado oil, wheatgerm oil, ricinus oil or their mixture. Concentration of these natural oil ingredients should be 0.01 to 2.5%, preferably 0.01.to 1%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, calculated to total composition.

Further additional compounds may be present in the above mentioned compositions of the present invention is ubichinone of the formula

where n is a number between 1 and 10. Preferred ubichinones are the ones where n is a number between 6 and 10 and especially preferred is Ubichinone 50 where n is 10, also known as Coenzyme Q10. Concentration ubichinone of the above formula in the compositions is from 0.0001 to 1%, preferably from 0.0002 to 0.75%, more preferably from 0.0002 to 0.5% and most preferably from 0.0005 to 0.5% by weight, calculated to total composition.

The compositions used according to the invention can naturally comprise all substances customarily found is such compositions such as fragrance, chelating agent, reducing agent in the oxidative colouring compositions for stabilizing oxidation dyes during storage, preservatives, acids or alkaline compounds used for adjusting pH, foam preventing agent such as silicones and especially simethicone.

The following examples are to illustrate but not to limit the invention.

The pH of the above composition is approximately 10.5.

The above compositions were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1 (oxidative dye comprising composition and oxidizing composition) and the mixture had a pH of 6.8.

The pH of the above composition is approximately 10.5.

Hair of a female volunteer having approximately shoulder length hair was coloured and curled using above compositions. The process was carried out as follows.

First of all, oxidative colouring composition of step “a” was applied onto hair after mixing with oxidizing composition for step “a”, pH of the colouring composition after mixing was 6.8 and processed for 20 min at approximately 40° C. and rinsed off from hair with water and the hair was towel dried. Afterwards, hair was put on curlers with a diameter of approximately 10 mm and reducing composition was applied and processed for approximately 15 min at ambient temperature and rinsed off with water. Subsequently, oxidizing composition of step d was applied and processed for 10 min and curlers were taken off, and, without rinsing oxidative colouration of step “e” was applied onto hair. At this step, as an oxidizing agent the same composition used in step “a” was used and the mixture had a pH of approximately 9.5. After processing approximately 30 min at 40° C. hair was rinsed off with water and dried.

It was observed that hair had excellent curl appearance and had an intensive shiny natural black colour.

The example 1 as given above was repeated with the same composition except the same colouring mixture as in step “a” was also used in step “e”. In other words the colouring mixture used in step “e” had a pH of 6.8, same as in step “a”.

Here again intensive shiny natural black colour was obtained and hair had at the same time excellently curled.

The dyestuff composition of the colouring mass was replaced with the following dyestuffs. In this example colouring mass of step “e” of Example 1 was also used in step “a”.

Dyestuff composition used in step “a”% by weightp-toluenedimaine sulphate0.34-amino-m-cresol0.22-amino-3-hydroxypyridine0.15m-aminophenol0.1Resorcinol0.07

A shoulder length medium blond hair was coloured using the colouring composition used in example 1 step “e” with the above dyestuffs.

First of all, colouring composition was mixed with oxidizing agent (example 1 step “a”) at a weight ratio of 2:1 and applied onto hair. The composition mixed had a pH of 9.5. Processing time was 20 min and afterwards hair was rinsed off and towel dried. Curlers were put on in the same way as in example 1 and reducing agent (Example 1 step “c”) was applied. After processing of 20 min hair was rinsed off with water and oxidizing composition (Example 1 step “d”) was applied. After processing of 10 min curlers were taken off and without rinsing off colouring composition was applied (Example 1 step “e” with the above dyestuff composition) onto hair after mixing with oxidizing agent. The composition had a pH of 9.5. After processing of 30 min hair was rinsed off with water and dried.

It was observed that hair had excellent elasticity and curl appearance and as well as had an intensive shiny blonde copper tone.

In this example oxidative colouring composition used in example 3 was used in step “a”. The colouring composition of step “e” was same as step “a” of example 1 except the dyestuffs which was as follows.

Dyestuff composition for step “e”% by weight2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine0.5p-toluenediamine sulphate0.354-amino-m-cresol0.3Resorcinol0.12,5,6-triamino-4-pyrimidinol sulphate0.1Sodium picramate0.15HC Red No 30.35HC Yellow No 20.35

A shoulder length medium blond hair was coloured using the colouring composition used in example 1 step “e” with the above dyestuffs.

First of all, colouring composition was mixed with oxidizing agent (example 3 step “a”) at a weight ratio of 2:1 and applied onto hair. The composition mixed had a pH of 9.5. Processing time was 20 min and afterwards hair was rinsed off and towel dried. Curlers were put on in the same way as in example 1 and reducing agent (Example 1 step “c”) was applied. After processing of 20 min hair was rinsed off with water and oxidizing composition (Example 1 step “d”) was applied. After processing of 10 min curlers were taken off and without rinsing off colouring composition with the above dyestuff composition otherwise same as the colouring composition used in step “a” of example 1 was applied onto hair. The composition had a pH of 6.8 after mixing with oxidizing agent. After processing of 30 min hair was rinsed off with water and dried.

It was observed that hair had excellent elasticity and curl appearance and as well as had an intensive shiny dark blonde copper tone.