Real time sharing of relevant information in virtual meetings

A computer-implemented method, a computer system and a computer program product distribute content in a virtual meeting session. The method includes extracting a plurality of embedded graphics from a presentation. The embedded graphics are selected from a group consisting of web links, images and video data. The method also includes transmitting the plurality of embedded graphics to a participant computing device. Lastly, the method includes displaying a virtual meeting dashboard that includes the plurality of embedded graphics.

BACKGROUND

Embodiments relate generally to virtual meeting environments, and more specifically, to sharing relevant information in real time among participants of a virtual meeting.

Collaboration with others in a professional or personal setting using videotelephony services on the Internet and/or conducting “virtual meetings” may be popular. Videotelephony may enable the reception and transmission of audio-video signals by users in different locations, thereby providing a means to communicate video and voice between people in real time. Each meeting participant may communicate a video image of themselves along with audio of their voice using a personal computing device, such as a smart phone, tablet computing device, or personal computer. Each person attending a virtual meeting may participate from any chosen location such as an office location or from home. Virtual meeting software applications may include a dashboard display with audio and video from participants, as well as information that is relevant about the virtual meeting and its participants.

SUMMARY

The method may include extracting a plurality of embedded graphics from a presentation at a presenter computing device. The embedded graphics are selected from a group consisting of web links, images and video data. The method may also include transmitting the plurality of embedded graphics to a participant computing device. Lastly, the method may include displaying a virtual meeting dashboard. The virtual meeting dashboard may include the plurality of embedded graphics.

In an alternative embodiment, extracting the plurality of embedded graphics from the presentation may include determining whether each of the plurality of embedded graphics includes sensitive information and may also include extracting the embedded graphic in response to an embedded graphic within the plurality of embedded graphics not including the sensitive information.

In another embodiment, the method may include determining a type of embedded graphic for each of the plurality of embedded graphics included in the presentation and may also include storing the determined type as metadata associated with the embedded graphic.

In a further embodiment, determining the type of embedded graphic may include using a machine learning model to classify the embedded graphic by the determined type.

In yet another embodiment, transmitting the plurality of embedded graphics to the participant computing device may occur when the participant computing device connects to the virtual meeting session.

In another embodiment, displaying the virtual meeting dashboard may include receiving a preferred type of embedded graphic from a participant and comparing the preferred type and the type of embedded graphic for each of the plurality of embedded graphics. Lastly, in this embodiment, displaying the virtual meeting dashboard may include displaying the embedded graphic in the virtual meeting dashboard in response to the preferred type matching the type of embedded graphic.

In a further embodiment, displaying the virtual meeting dashboard may include obtaining a screen image of the participant computing device and determining whether the screen image includes the embedded graphic. Lastly, in this embodiment, displaying the virtual meeting dashboard may include displaying the embedded graphic in the virtual meeting dashboard in response to the screen image including the embedded graphic.

In addition to a computer-implemented method, additional embodiments are directed to a system and a computer program product for dynamically identifying a shared document.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As remote work and global collaboration grow, the use of collaboration tools such as video conferencing and virtual meetings may become more prevalent. During virtual meetings, a presenter may share the screen of their computing device and display a presentation that they have created that may include tables or graphics or web links, among other things. The presenter may share the documents in advance but if not, it can be frustrating for participants who would like to review material covered or view additional content from the document that was not displayed on the shared screen. If web links are being shared, participants may have to copy them down manually or ask the presenter or other participants to copy the link into a text chat function, where the participant may then have the web links being referred to in the presentation. These requirements may result in the participant(s) missing key information, thereby wasting valuable collaboration time together and reducing productivity in meetings.

Therefore, it may be advantageous to, among other things, have a way for meeting participants to have the content within a presentation sent to them in advance automatically if the presenter or host of the virtual meeting has not done so and/or present to participants in the virtual meeting a customizable view of the relevant content within a presentation so that participants are not required to search for such content manually in local or cloud storage or ask for content to be forwarded to them, either as a link in a text conversation or an email of a specific graphic file or the presentation itself. Such a method may improve the technical capability of either or both of software applications that may be used to create presentations and other meeting content and virtual meeting software applications. Such a method may also enhance professional and personal productivity in virtual meetings.

Referring toFIG.1, a block diagram of a computing device100, in which processes involved in the embodiments described herein may be implemented, is shown. Examples of computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be represented by the computing device100include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the described systems or devices. Computing device100may include one or more central processor units (CPUs)102, input/output module104, network adapter106and memory108. CPU102executes program instructions in order to carry out the functions of the present communications systems and methods.FIG.1illustrates an embodiment in which computing device100is implemented as a computer system with a single processor, in which the CPU102utilizes system resources, such as memory108, input/output y104, and network adapter106. However, the present communications systems and methods also include embodiments in which computing device100may be implemented as a plurality of networked computer systems, which may be multi-processor computer systems.

Input/output module104provides the capability to input data to, or output data from, computing device100. For example, input/output module104may include input devices, such as keyboards, mice, touchpads, trackballs, scanners, analog to digital converters, etc., output devices, such as video adapters, monitors, printers, etc., and input/output devices, such as, modems, etc. Each computing device100also includes a network adapter106such as TCP/IP adapter cards, wireless Wi-Fi interface cards, or 3G or 4G wireless interface cards or other wired or wireless communication links. The creation module120or display module124, as well as the virtual meeting application206, may communicate with external computers via a network110, which may be any public or proprietary LAN or WAN, including, but not limited to the Internet, and respective network adapters or interfaces.

The contents of memory108may vary depending upon the function that computing device100is programmed to perform. In the example shown inFIG.1, example memory contents are shown representing routines and data for embodiments of the processes described herein. However, it may be recognized that these routines, along with the memory contents related to those routines, may not be included on one system or device, but rather may be distributed among a plurality of systems or devices, based on well-known engineering considerations. The present communications systems and methods may include any and all such arrangements. In an example of the creation of a presentation or other content for display in a virtual meeting on computing device100, memory108may include presentation application208, which may also include creation module120, as shown in the configuration ofFIG.2. For examples in which computing device100connects to a virtual meeting using virtual meeting application206, display module124may be loaded into memory108. In both examples, either creation module120or display module124may access content database122to either read or write into the database and facilitate either the distribution or display of content from a presentation to participants of a virtual meeting. One of ordinary skill in the art may also recognize that the modules displayed inFIG.1are not the only modules that may be loaded in memory108. Only those modules needed for one potential embodiment are shown for illustrative brevity.

Referring toFIG.2, a block diagram of a computing environment that may be used to create a presentation during setup of a virtual meeting and also conduct a virtual meeting session, according to at least one embodiment. The networked computer environment200may include a presenter computing device202and one or more participant computing devices204, interconnected via a communication network240. According to at least one implementation, the networked computer environment200may include a plurality of participant computing devices204of which only three are shown.

The communication network110may include various types of communication networks, such as a wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), a telecommunication network, a wireless network, a public switched network and/or a satellite network. The communication network110may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables. The network110may also include additional hardware not shown such as routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. It may be appreciated thatFIG.2provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements. Accordingly, the communication network110may represent any communication pathway between the various components of the networked computer environment200.

As will be discussed with reference toFIGS.4and5, the virtual meeting application206running a virtual meeting on the presenter computing device202and participant computing device204may also operate in a cloud computing service model, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The servers running the virtual meeting application206on the devices participating in the virtual meeting may also be located in a cloud computing deployment model, such as a private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud.

The presenter computing device202may be a laptop computer, netbook computer, personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, or any programmable electronic device or any network of programmable electronic devices capable of hosting and running the presentation application208and virtual meeting application206. The presenter computing device202may be used to create a presentation prior to a virtual meeting session, in which case presentation application208may be used to create presentation210, and also to establish and maintain a virtual meeting session with virtual meeting application206, which includes screen sharing features. The screen sharing feature of the virtual meeting application206may be configured to allow a presenter utilizing the presenter computing device202, as shown inFIG.2, to share the video that is displayed, including a computer desktop and software application windows that are opened, including a display of presentation210within the context of a virtual meeting session. The video that is shared may be a reproduction of the entire screen that is displayed locally at the computing device or a portion of the screen. In the case of a computing device with multiple screens, the virtual meeting application206may share any of the available screens. The presenter may configure the virtual meeting application206to display whatever screen is needed for the virtual meeting. As discussed with reference toFIG.1, presenter computing device202may include computing device100.

Participant computing device204may also include a virtual meeting application206that is displaying the screen that is shared by the presenter computing device202and configured to communicate with the other virtual meeting computer devices via the communication network110, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The virtual meeting application206may provide a user interface in which a virtual meeting participant utilizing the participant computing device204may view other participants and the presenter in the virtual meeting, as well as receive the screen image that is shared by the presenter from the presenter computing device202(as shown inFIG.2), according to the exemplary embodiments. Participant computing device204may be, for example, a mobile device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a netbook, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any type of computing device capable of running a program and accessing a network. As discussed with reference toFIG.1, the participant computing device204may include computing device100.

The creation module120or display module124, depending on the device and configuration, may operate in tandem with either or both of the virtual meeting application206and presentation application208on the participant computing devices204in the configuration shown inFIG.2. The corresponding module may be discrete software that is separately loaded into the computing device or may be embedded within the virtual meeting application206or the presentation application208at the computing device, depending on the device and configuration. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that while the creation module120or display module124operate at a specific computing device, it is not required that the software is physically loaded or installed on the hardware but may be on a server for the virtual meeting session. The same is true for the virtual meeting application206itself as the virtual meeting session may be fully in the cloud and hosted by a virtual meeting server that is not shown.

In the example ofFIG.2, a presentation document, e.g., presentation210, with embedded text, web links and graphics may be created by a presenter. For instance, a virtual meeting may be called for a specific reason that requires such a document to support an oral presentation and the speaker may create the document for the purpose of supporting their work. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a presentation document may be created in many ways, most commonly with software applications specifically designed to create presentation documents, e.g., presentation application208. During the creation of the presentation document, or alternatively once creation is complete, the presentation document may be inspected for embedded graphics or web links, which may be useful later in the context of the meeting such that participants may independently view them, or in the case of web links, have the actual link on the participant's screen to independently click the link and view the destination webpage. As an example of content that may be selected for extraction and storage, the presentation document may include a useful web link to a policy that will be discussed or another website with more detailed information that may be discussed during the virtual meeting session. In another example of useful content, the presentation document may include a table of statistics that may be highly relevant to the virtual meeting topic.

Any embedded graphics or web links that may be found may be extracted and stored in a database, e.g., content database122, or in flash memory or temporary storage on a computing device for later retrieval. Such inspection, extraction and storage may be accomplished by creation module120using an appropriate algorithm, e.g., object recognition to find images of graphs, tables or other statistical diagrams, or text recognition to find text such as web links.

Creation module120may be embedded within a software application that may be used to create presentations, e.g., presentation application208, as shown inFIG.2, or may load and run separately on a computing device. Creation module120may be configured to find all graphics within a presentation document or may use filters to limit what is extracted. For instance, if any graphic or web link may be considered to include sensitive information, e.g., information that may be confidential or personal in nature, then that graphic or web link may be excluded from extraction or storage. In addition to this filtering, labels may also be created for the embedded graphics that may indicate a type of graphic that may be stored, such as “link” to indicate a web link or “table” to indicate a statistical table. These labels may be stored as metadata associated with the embedded graphics, e.g., an additional field in a database that includes the embedded graphics. The labels may be useful for navigating the database and locate embedded graphics of a desired type that may be provided by a participant in a virtual meeting to filter their view of the virtual meeting dashboard, as described below. In addition, a presenter may opt to only extract and store certain graphics by type, in which case only embedded graphics of a specific type may be extracted and stored.

It should also be noted that extraction and storage need not be limited to a presentation document that may be created prior to a virtual meeting. As described with respect toFIG.3, if a participant unexpectedly becomes a presenter, the presentation that may be shared in the virtual meeting session may be scanned and any embedded graphics, subject to the filters described above, may be extracted and stored in the same way as the presentation document in the example ofFIG.2.

In the example shown inFIG.2, a virtual meeting session may be established between a presenter computing device202and one or more participant computing devices204, and a presenter may begin sharing a presentation with the participants. A presenter and participants may join a virtual meeting with an application, e.g., virtual meeting application206, located on either a presenter computing device202or a participant computing device204, which allows many participants to join virtually with a single presenter and several participants. While it is required for the virtual meeting itself to have a single host that the computing devices use for connection purposes, it is not required that the computing device that initiates the virtual meeting session, e.g., a meeting host, and the presenter be the same person, as both presenter computing device202and participant computing devices204have the capability to share a presentation in the virtual meeting session. Any person connected to the virtual meeting may be a presenter or a participant. For the purposes of distributing content in the virtual meeting, once a virtual meeting has begun and a person transmits a presentation via the virtual meeting application206, the remaining computing devices are considered participant computing devices. The original host device may change roles such that they are a participant. As such, any of the modules inFIG.1, including the display module124, may exist on any computing device in the system, even if it is not currently operating on a specific computing device.

In an established virtual meeting session, an image of the presentation may be shared with all participants. In the embodiment ofFIG.2, this may be accomplished through virtual meeting application206, which may project an image of the screen of the presenter computing device202onto the screens of all connected participants. However, it should be noted that a virtual meeting application206is not necessary for a virtual meeting session to be established. It is only required that a group of participants are connected to one another for the purpose of collaboration.

In the example ofFIG.2, once inspection of the presentation document is complete and all relevant embedded graphics or web links have been extracted and stored to memory, the embedded graphics themselves or a list of graphics with links to the actual files may be transmitted to all participants of the virtual meeting session. The transmission may be done at any time, including immediately upon storage of the embedded graphics or, alternatively, at the time that a virtual meeting session may be established. As an example of immediate transmission, if a presentation were to be linked to a specific virtual meeting that may have been called and there may be participants associated with the virtual meeting session, along with contact details, then participant contact information may be used to transmit the embedded graphics to participant computing devices204. In another transmission example, the embedded graphics may be stored on the presenter computing device202and once a participant connects to an established virtual meeting session, the embedded graphics may be transmitted to the corresponding participant computing device204.

Once the participant computing device204has the embedded graphics from the presentation document, display module124may be used to overlay a virtual meeting dashboard on the shared screen of the virtual meeting session. Alternatively, the virtual meeting dashboard may be opened as a separate window on the participant computing device204. The virtual meeting dashboard may display the embedded graphics that the participant computing device204may have received so that the participant may independently have the relevant information. There may be a default setting to display all received information within the virtual meeting dashboard with a participant having the option to configure the virtual meeting dashboard to filter what may be displayed. As described below, this may include limiting the view to only those graphics that are currently displayed on the shared screen of the virtual meeting session. In another embodiment, a participant may configure the virtual meeting dashboard to only display embedded graphics of a certain type, which may be specified by the participant. It should be noted that whileFIG.2shows display module124as embedded in the virtual meeting application206, display module124may also load and run separately from any other software, in a similar way to creation module120.

As an example of the display on the participant computing device204, a participant in the virtual meeting may be viewing a presentation and the screen may be partitioned such that a sidebar may be opened that includes a list of the content that may be available from the presentation, e.g., links or tables or graphics. In this example, the participant would be allowed to access any of these items directly, without the need to search or ask other participants to assist with receiving the content. This may include clicking on the text if the graphic is a web link to access the destination directly, in which case the destination webpage may open within the virtual meeting dashboard or in a separate window. In an embodiment, a web browser running on the participant computing device204may be opened to take the participant to the destination of the web link. If the embedded graphic were a statistical diagram or some other image, the virtual meeting dashboard may display the actual image within the virtual meeting dashboard or show a thumbnail image or some text that may be linked to the actual image within the database that has been transmitted to the participant computing device204. In the case of a diagram or image, opening the embedded graphic may be accomplished in tandem with the display module124, virtual meeting application206, any combination thereof or with an appropriate separate software application that may be designed to open the diagram or image. The virtual meeting dashboard may be a separate display on the screen of the participant computing device204to access embedded graphics independently of the presentation within the shared screen.

Referring toFIG.3, an operational flowchart illustrating a process300to distribute content in a virtual meeting session is depicted according to at least one embodiment. At302, embedded graphics in a presentation may be extracted and stored in a database, e.g., content database122. In an embodiment, this step may be accomplished in the presenter computing device202while a presentation for an upcoming virtual meeting is being created. The presentation may be inspected for the presence of multiple types of embedded graphics, which may consist of web links, i.e., text data in the form of an address or URL that may be clicked on to take a user to the address or URL, or graphical objects such as statistical charts, tables or graphs. In addition to the actual graphic, related information about the graphic, e.g., type of graphic, may also be collected and stored as metadata along with the graphic in the database. As an example, if a web link is found in the presentation, the text of the link may be extracted and an appropriate designation, such as “link,” may be added in a separate database field that is associated with the web link, i.e., metadata. When stored in the database, this metadata may allow the database to be searched and/or sorted by specific designations.

In an embodiment, the embedded graphics may be classified according to a type using a machine learning classification model. One or more of the following machine learning algorithms may be used to classify the events: logistic regression, naive Bayes, support vector machines, artificial neural networks and random forests. In an embodiment, an ensemble learning technique may be employed that uses multiple machine learning algorithms together to assure better prediction when compared with the prediction of a single machine learning algorithm. Each type used in the classification results may be equivalent to a graphical representation that may be useful to participants. Examples of types may include a web link, e.g., text that defines an address or URL that may be followed to seek useful information, a statistical diagram such as a graph or table of data that a participant may find relevant or useful to the discussion in the virtual meeting, or in some cases an image or video. The results of the determination of a type may be stored with the embedded graphic as associated metadata.

In a further embodiment, it may be determined whether embedded graphics include sensitive information. Examples of sensitive information may include any personal information that may not be relevant to a virtual meeting discussion or company's confidential information in a context of a virtual meeting with some or all participants who are not employees of the company. In this embodiment, only information classified as not sensitive may be extracted and therefore also stored and/or transmitted to participants.

The decisions for determining whether information is sensitive, e.g., filtering embedded graphics from extraction, may be set by an owner of the sensitive information, who may be either the presenter or the participant in a virtual meeting, or with training data that is put into a machine learning classification model. The ability to mark information as sensitive or not sensitive with respect to the machine learning classifier may be configured for each embedded graphic. In an initial state, extraction, and therefore storage and/or transmission, of all embedded graphics may be disabled. This default initial setting means the owner of the potentially sensitive information is required to consent to any information being extracted and stored or transmitted over a network.

The information owner may check the embedded graphics by inspecting the presentation during creation or the stored embedded graphics via an appropriate user interface (UI) and confirm what information may be extracted and stored or transmitted to others, and therefore what information may be classified as sensitive. The information owner may also approve extraction, storage or transmission of certain information, or manually mark that information according to sensitivity. If the information owner approves extraction and storage or transmission via these filter settings, only the information that is approved may be extracted. Any sensitive information will still be classified as such and blocked from extraction or storage or transmission.

It should be noted that the information owner is free to make these decisions at any time and change what they choose to be sensitive information as the sensitive nature of information may change over time. These settings are permanently retained to keep the machine learning classifier updated with the latest information and also allow the owner of the information complete control over their informed consent to use sensitive information in the distribution of content.

At304, any embedded graphics, along with available metadata, that may be available in the database may be transmitted to the participants in the virtual meeting. It should be noted that the transmitting of the embedded graphics and associated metadata may be accomplished at any time once a graphic has been stored. It is not required that a presentation be fully complete before participants are sent embedded graphics from the presentation, nor is it required that the transmission of the embedded graphics occur at the same time of after a virtual meeting session may be established. In the embodiment ofFIG.2, the presentation may be created before the virtual meeting and the presentation may be inspected for embedded graphics and the creation module120may collect several embedded graphics of various types and populate a database with files and associated metadata. Then, automatically, the participants in the virtual meeting session may be identified using the contact details of the virtual meeting and the contents of the database may be sent to the identified participants. However, it is not required that the process be this orderly. For instance, a participant may unexpectedly wish to make a presentation in a virtual meeting. Once they share the presentation, the image on the shared screen may be scanned for embedded graphics of appropriate types and these graphics may be stored in a database, e.g., content database122, along with metadata to identify and sort the embedded graphics. The contents may then be transmitted to all participants in the virtual meeting but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that in this embodiment, the storing step may not be necessary, and the embedded graphics and metadata may be immediately sent to all participants. In another embodiment, the embedded graphics and metadata may be sent to participants at the time of connection to the virtual meeting session, which may be more efficient than being restricted to a preset list of identified participants and may also assure that the most up to date information is available to transmit to participants.

At306, the embedded graphics that were extracted in302and transmitted in304may be displayed to the participants in the virtual meeting in the form of a virtual meeting dashboard that may be customized by participants and which may be integrated into the participant's view of the presentation. For example, if the virtual meeting session is being hosted in a virtual meeting application, the virtual meeting dashboard may appear in the virtual meeting application window in which the meeting is being hosted but this is not required. The virtual meeting dashboard may be displayed in a separate window that may be created for the purpose of the virtual meeting dashboard, as determined by the display module124.

In an embodiment, each participant may configure the virtual meeting dashboard on the participant device to display a “cumulative view” such that all embedded graphics that may have been extracted from the entire presentation are available to a participant and may be included in the virtual dashboard. This cumulative view may improve efficiency since the embedded graphics within the virtual meeting dashboard are not limited to a page that is currently being shown to the participants through the virtual meeting application206, i.e., the current image of the presentation on the screen of the participant device.

However, in a further embodiment, the participant may also choose to configure the virtual meeting dashboard to limit the display to only those graphics that are currently displayed on the screen of the participant computing device. In this embodiment, a screen capture of the participant computing device may be obtained where the current contents of the screen may be analyzed using appropriate recognition algorithms, e.g., text recognition algorithms in the case of web links or object recognition in the case of a statistical diagram, to determine which embedded graphics are currently being displayed on the screen of the participant computing device. The embedded graphics that have been extracted and stored may then be checked to see if the embedded graphic is currently on the screen of the presenter computing device. If the embedded graphic is on the screen, the embedded graphic may be added to the virtual meeting dashboard and displayed to the participant. If the embedded graphic is not on the screen of the participant computing device, then it may be excluded from the virtual meeting dashboard.

In an embodiment, each participant may also configure their virtual meeting dashboard individually to limit their view by type of embedded graphic. In such a case, an account or profile that is specific to the participant with respect to a virtual meeting dashboard may be kept and modified to filter the graphics that may appear on the participant's dashboard. In this embodiment, a participant may indicate in their account or profile which types of embedded graphic they prefer to see in their virtual meeting dashboard. This preferred type may be compared to the stored embedded graphics, i.e., the content database122, and only embedded graphics including a type that matches the preferred type may be displayed in the virtual meeting dashboard. For instance, a participant may determine that only web links and no statistical diagrams such as tables or graphs should appear in the participant's virtual meeting dashboard. In this instance, the content database122may be inspected and only those graphics that also include a designation of “link” may be displayed in the virtual meeting dashboard of the participant.

It should be noted that the participant is free to make any decisions about the information to be included in the virtual meeting dashboard at any time and change what they choose to view as the account or profile may be saved to retain the latest information and also allow the participant complete control over their virtual meeting dashboard settings.

Characteristics are as follows:

Service Models are as follows:

Deployment Models are as follows:

Hardware and software layer60includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes61; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers62; servers63; blade servers64; storage devices65; and networks and networking components66, such as a load balancer. In some embodiments, software components include network application server software67and database software68.

Workloads layer90provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include mapping and navigation91; software development and lifecycle management92; virtual classroom education delivery93; data analytics processing94; transaction processing95; and distribution of content96. Distribution of virtual content may describe extracting embedded graphics of any type and displaying the embedded graphics in a virtual meeting dashboard, as well as transmitting the embedded graphics to participants of the virtual meeting.