A thermoplastic resin composition comprising: (A) 40 to 99.8 parts by weight of a rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin, (B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a copolymer having an epoxy group but comprising no olefin, and (C) 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of a polymer having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, a hydroxyl group and a nitrogen-containing base group with the total amount of the rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A), the copolymer (B) and the polymer (C) being 100 parts by weight and the content of the rubber in the composition being from 5 to 40 % by weight based on the weight of the composition, which has good flowability and imparts a uniformly delustered surface and good impact resistance to a molded article.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition which 
has good flowability and can impart a uniformly delustered surface and 
improved properties such as impact resistance to a molded article. 
2. Description of the Related Art 
A rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin a typical example of 
which is an ABS resin (acrylonitrilediene rubber-styrene copolymer) has 
good mechanical properties such as impact resistance, stiffness, etc. and 
good appearance of the molded article. Therefore, the rubber-modified 
styrene base thermoplastic resin is used as a material of, for example, 
automobile parts, business machine parts and haberdasheries. In view of 
safety and matching with other parts or of achieving a mat type calm hand, 
low gloss delustered resin articles are desired for the automobile parts, 
particularly, the automobile interior parts. 
To impart a delustered surface to a resin article, following measures have 
been proposed: 
i) addition of an inorganic filler such as calcium carbonate, 
ii) addition of a rubbery polymer, 
iii) incorporation of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in the 
styrene base thermoplastic resin by copolymerization, and 
iv) addition of a copolymer of an olefin having an epoxy group. 
However, the addition of the inorganic filler considerably deteriorates the 
impact resistance which is one of the characteristics of the 
rubber-modified thermoplastic resin. The addition of the rubbery polymer 
generates defects such as flow marks on the surface of the molded article 
so that no uniformly delustered surface is obtained. The incorporation of 
the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid gives uneven gloss on the 
surface of the molded article. In comparison with the above three 
measures, the addition of the polymer of the olefin having an epoxy group 
has good delustering effects and forms a uniformly delustered surface 
without defects. However, as the amount of the polymer added to the 
rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin increases, the 
flowability and impact resistance, particularly notched impact resistance 
are decreased. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
One object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic resin 
composition which forms a uniformly delustered surface on a molded 
article. 
Another object of the present invention is to provide a thermoplastic resin 
composition which has good flowability and affords a delustered molded 
article having improved non-deteriorated impact strength. 
Accordingly, the present invention provides a thermoplastic resin 
composition comprising: 
(A) 40 to 99.8 parts by weight of a rubber-modified styrene base 
thermoplastic resin, 
(B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a copolymer having an epoxy group but 
comprising no olefin, and 
(C) 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of a polymer having at least one functional 
group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an acid 
anhydride group, a hydroxyl group and a nitrogen-containing base group 
with the total amount of the rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic 
resin (A), the copolymer (B) and the polymer (C) being 100 parts by weight 
and the content of the rubber in the composition being from 5 to 40% by 
weight based on the weight of the composition. 
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention will be 
illustrated in detail. 
Rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) 
The rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) is a graft 
copolymer which is obtainable by polymerizing at least one aromatic vinyl 
compound and optionally at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound 
copolymerizable therewith in the presence of a rubber, or a mixture of 
such graft polymer and a copolymer comprising at least one aromatic vinyl 
compound and at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound 
copolymerizable therewith. 
Examples of the rubber are (i) butadiene base rubbers (e.g. polybutadiene, 
butadiene-styrene copolymer, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer and the 
like), (ii) ethylene-.alpha.-olefin base rubbers (e.g. a copolymer of 
ethylene with propylene or butene (EPR), a copolymer of ethylene with 
propylene or butene and a non-conjugated diene (EPDM) and the like), (iii) 
alkyl acrylate base rubbers which are obtainable by polymerizing or 
copolymerizing at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 
C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 -alkyl acrylate (e.g. methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 
butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc.) and optionally at least one 
of other copolymerizable monomers in the presence or absence of a cross 
linking agent, (iv) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and (v) chlorinated 
polyethylene. These may be used independently or as a mixture. 
Specific examples of the aromatic vinyl compound are styrene, 
.alpha.-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, 
tert.-butylstyrene, .alpha.-methylvinyltoluene, dimethylstyrene, 
chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, bromostyrene, dibromostyrene, 
vinylnaphthalene, and mixtures thereof. 
Specific examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound copolymerizable 
with the aromatic vinyl compound are cyanated vinyl compounds such as 
acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ethacrylonitrile and fumaronitrile; 
alkyl unsaturated carboxylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 
butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl 
methacrylate, propyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; maleimide 
compounds such as maleimide, N-methyl maleimide, N-phenyl maleimide and 
N-cyclohexyl maleimide; and unsaturated amide compounds such as acrylamide 
and methacrylamide; and mixtures thereof. 
Preferred examples of the rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin 
(A) are butadiene base rubber-modified acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer 
(ABS), butadiene base rubber-modified styrene polymer (HIPS), butadiene 
base rubber-modified methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer (MBS), 
butadiene base rubber-modified acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-styrene 
copolymer (ABSM), butadiene base rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-.alpha.-methylstyrene-styrene copolymer, butadiene base 
rubber-modified acrylonitrile-.alpha.-methyl-styrene-methyl 
methacrylate-styrene copolymer, butadiene base rubber-modified 
styrene-N-phenylmaleimide copolymer, butadiene base rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-styrene-N-phenylmaleimide copolymer, butadiene base 
rubber-modified styrene-methyl methacrylate-N-phenylmaleimide copolymer 
and the like. Further, rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resins 
corresponding to the above exemplified rubber-modified styrene base resins 
in which the butadiene base rubber is replaced with (i) 
ethylene-.alpha.-olefin base rubber, (ii) alkyl acrylate rubber, (iii) 
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or (iv) chlorinated polyethylene may be 
used. These modified resins are used independently or as a mixture 
thereof. 
The rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) may be prepared by 
any of conventional methods such as emulsion polymerization, suspension 
polymerization, bulk polymerization, solution polymerization and 
combinations thereof. 
Copolymer having an epoxy group but comprising no olefin (B) 
The copolymer having an epoxy group but comprising no olefin (B) is a 
copolymer comprising at least one unsaturated epoxy compound and at least 
one ethylenically unsaturated compound except olefins. There is no 
specific limitation on the composition of the epoxy group containing 
copolymer (B). Preferably, the copolymer (B) comprises 0.05 to 50% by 
weight, particularly 0.1 to 30% by weight of the unsaturated epoxy 
compound. 
The unsaturated epoxide monomer is a monomer having at least one 
unsaturated bond which can contribute to copolymerization with the 
ethylenically unsaturated compound and at least one epoxy group in one 
molecule. Examples of such epoxide monomer are an unsaturated glycidyl 
ester of the formula: 
##STR1## 
wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having a polymerizable ethylenically 
unsaturated bond, an unsaturated glycidyl ether of the formula: 
##STR2## 
wherein R is the same as defined in the formula (I), and X is a divalent 
group of the formula: --CH.sub.2 --O--, 
##STR3## 
and an epoxyalkene of the formula: 
##STR4## 
wherein R is the same as defined in the formula (I), and R' is hydrogen or 
methyl. Specific examples of these epoxide monomers are glycidyl acrylate, 
glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl esters of iraconic acid, glycidyl esters 
of butenecarboxylic acid, allylglycidyl ether, 2-methylallylglycidyl 
ether, styrene-p-glycidyl ether, p-glycidylstyrene, 3,4-epoxy-1-butene, 
3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene, 3,4-epoxy-1-pentene, 
3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-pentene, 5,6-epoxy-1-hexene, vinylcyclohexene 
monoxide, and the like. Among them, glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl 
methacrylate are preferred. 
Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound include those 
exemplified in the above description in connection with the 
rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) such as the aromatic 
vinyl compounds, the cyanated vinyl compounds, the alkyl easters of the 
unsaturated carboxylic acids, the maleimide compounds and the unsaturated 
amide compounds, and also unsaturated acid anhydrides such as maleic 
anhydride. They can be used independently or as a mixture thereof. Among 
the copolymer (B), one comprising the aromatic vinyl compound is 
preferred. 
In the copolymerization to prepare the copolymer (B), the ethylenically 
unsaturated compound is copolymerized in an amount of 50 to 99.5% by 
weight, preferably 70 to 99.9% by weight based on the whole weight of the 
compounds to be copolymerized. 
The copolymer having an epoxy group but comprising no olefin (B) can be 
prepared by copolymerizing the unsaturated epoxy compound and the 
ethylenically unsaturated compound. Alternatively, the copolymer (B) can 
be prepared by graft copolymerizing the unsaturated epoxy compound and/or 
the ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of a 
copolymerizable polymer. 
Preferred examples of the copolymer (B) are styrene-glycidyl methacrylate 
copolymer, styrene-acrylo-nitrile-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, 
styrene-acrylo-nitrile-methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate 
copolymer, and a graft copolymer prepared by polymerizing glycidyl 
methacrylate or a monomeric mixture constituting the above described 
copolymer in the presence of the rubber. 
The copolymer (B) may be prepared by any of conventional methods such as 
emulsion, suspension, solution, bulk, polymerization and combinations 
thereof. 
Polymer having the functional group (C) 
The polymer having the functional group (C) is a polymer comprising an 
ethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one functional group 
selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride 
group, a hydroxyl group and a nitrogen-containing base group, or a 
copolymer comprising said ethylenically unsaturated compound and other 
unsaturated compound. 
Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound having the carboxyl 
group are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, 
itaconic acid and mixture thereof. Examples of the ethylenically 
unsaturated compound having the acid anhydride group are maleic anhydride, 
iraconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride and mixtures thereof. Examples of 
the ethylenically unsaturated compound having the hydroxyl group are 
hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and mixtures 
thereof. Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated compound having the 
nitrogen-containing base group are dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, 
diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinyl-pyridine, 
4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, N-vinylimidazole, 
N-vinylindole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylpyrrole, p-aminostyrene, 
p-dimethylaminostyrene and mixtures thereof. 
Among these ethylenically unsaturated compounds having the functional 
group, those having the carboxyl group or the acid anhydride group are 
preferred. 
Examples of the other ethylenically unsaturated compound copolymerizable 
with the ethylenically unsaturated compound having the functional group 
are olefins (e.g. ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, etc.), aromatic vinyl 
compounds (e.g. styrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, etc.), 
cyanated vinyl compounds (e.g. acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile, etc.), alkyl 
esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g. methyl acrylate, butyl 
acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, etc.), maleimide 
compounds (e.g. maleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, etc.), unsaturated amide 
compounds (e.g. acrylamide, methacrylamide, etc.), vinyl esters (e.g. 
vinyl propionate, etc.) and the compounds which constitute the rubber used 
in the preparation of the rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin 
(A). They may be used independently or as a mixture thereof. 
The polymer having the functional group (C) can be prepared by 
copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated compound having the 
functional group and the other ethylenically unsaturated compound or graft 
copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated compound having the 
functional group in the presence of a polymer of the other ethylenically 
unsaturated compound. Among the polymer (C), those comprising the aromatic 
vinyl compound are preferred. 
The copolymer (C) may be prepared by any of conventional methods such as 
emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, bulk polymerization, 
solution polymerization and combinations thereof. 
Specific examples of the polymer (C) are styreneacrylic acid copolymer, 
styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-methacrylic acid 
copolymer, styrenemethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer, 
copolymers corresponding to the just described copolymers in which acrylic 
acid or methacrylic acid is replaced with maleic anhydride, 
styrene-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile-styrene-hydroxyethyl acrylate 
copolymer, styrene-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer, 
acrylonitrile-styrene-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 
styrene-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate copolymer, 
acrylonitrile-styrene-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 
styrene-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 
acrylo-nitrile-styrene-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, 
styrene-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, 
acrylo-nitrile-styrene-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, 
styrene-2-vinylpyridine copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-2vinylpyridine 
copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and its metal salt, 
ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and its metal salt, 
ethylene-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, 
ethylene-propylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-propylene-methacrylic 
acid copolymer, rubber-modified styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, 
rubber-modified styrenemethacrylic acid copolymer, rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, rubber-modified 
acrylo-nitrile-styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer, rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-styrene-2-vinylpyridine copolymer, rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-styrene-hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer, rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-styrene-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, rubber-modified 
acrylonitrile-styrenedimethylaminoethyl acrylate copolymer, 
rubber-modified acrylonitrile-styrene-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate 
copolymer, rubber-modified acrylonitrile-styrene-2-vinylpyridine copolymer 
and mixtures thereof. 
In the thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention, the 
amounts of the rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A), the 
copolymer (B) and the polymer (C) are 40 to 99.8 parts by weight, 0.1 to 
20 parts by weight and 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, respectively, preferably 
75 to 99 parts by weight, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight and 0.5 to 20 parts by 
weight, respectively with the total amount of the rubber-modified styrene 
base thermoplastic resin (A), the polymer (B) and the polymer (C) being 
100 parts by weight, and the content of the rubber in the composition is 
from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 30% by weight based on the 
weight of the composition. 
When the amount of rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) is 
smaller than 40 parts by weight, the impact strength and the flowability 
are not well balanced and when it is larger than 99.8 parts by weight, the 
delustering effect is unsatisfactory. When the amount of the copolymer 
having the epoxy group but comprising no olefin (B) is smaller than 0.1 
parts by weight, the molded article does not have a uniformly delustered 
surface and the delustering effect is unsatisfactory, and when it is 
larger than 20 parts by weight, the flowability is considerably 
deteriorated. When the polymer having the functional group (C) is smaller 
than 0.1 parts by weight, the delustering effect is deteriorated, and when 
it is larger than 50 parts by weight, the flowability is considerably 
decreased. When the content of the rubber in the composition is less than 
5% by weight, the impact strength is greatly deteriorated, and when it is 
larger than 40% by weight, the flowability and the stiffness are 
undesirably decreased. 
There is no specific limitation on a method for mixing the rubber-modified 
styrene base thermoplastic resin (A), the copolymer having the epoxy group 
but comprising no olefin (B) and the polymer having the functional group 
(C). They may be mixed in the form of latexes, powder, beads, pellets and 
the like. In addition, there is no limitation on a mixing order of these 
three polymers. For example, all the three polymers can be mixed at once, 
or two of them are premixed and then mixed with the remaining one. Melt 
kneading can be carried out by means of a Banbury mixer, rolls, an 
extruder and the like. 
The thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention may contain 
conventionally used additives such as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet light 
absorbing agent, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a dye, a pigment, a 
plasticizer, a flame retardant, a mold release agent and the like. 
Further, to the thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention, 
other thermoplastic resin such as polyamide, polyacetal, polycarbonate, 
polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate 
and polyvinyl chloride may be added.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention will be illustrated by following Examples, in which 
"parts" and "%" are by weight unless otherwise indicated. 
PREATION EXAMPLE 1 
Preparation of the rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) 
A-1 
In a reactor which had been replaced with nitrogen, a polybutadiene latex 
(average particle size: 0.4 .mu.m, gel content: 80%, solid content: 50%) 
(100 parts), potassium persulfate (0.3 parts) and pure water (100 parts) 
were charged and heated to 65.degree. C. while stirring. Then, a mixed 
monomer solution of acrylonitrile (15 parts), styrene (35 parts) and 
tert.-dodecylmercaptan (0.2 part) and an aqueous solution of emulsifier 
(30 parts) containing disproportionated potassium resinate (2 parts) were 
continuously added over 4 hours each. The polymerization system was heated 
to 70.degree. C. and aged for 3 hours. to complete the polymerization to 
obtain a latex of ABS graft copolymer. 
A-2 
In a reactor which had been replaced with nitrogen, potassium persulfate 
(0.3 part) and pure water (120 parts) were charged and heated to 
65.degree. C. while stirring. Then, a mixed monomer solution of 
acrylonitrile (30 parts), styrene (70 parts) and tert.-dodecylmercaptan 
(0.3 part) and an aqueous solution of emulsifier (30 parts) containing 
disproportionated potassium resinate (2 parts) were continuously added 
over 4 hours each. The polymerization system was heated to 70.degree. C. 
and aged for 3 hours to complete the polymerization to obtain a latex of 
acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer. 
A-3 
In a reactor which had been replaced with nitrogen, pure water (150 parts), 
potassium persulfate (0.5 part) and sodium laurylsulfate (2 parts) were 
charged and heated to 70.degree. C. while stirring. Then, a mixed monomer 
solution of acrylonitrile (30 parts), .alpha.-methylstyrene (70 parts) and 
tert.-dodecylmercaptan (0.2 part) was continuously added over 5 hours. The 
polymerization system was heated to 75.degree. C. and aged for 5 hours to 
complete the polymerization to obtain a latex of 
acrylonitrile-.alpha.-methylstyrene copolymer. 
A-4 
In a reactor which had been replaced with nitrogen, pure water (120 parts) 
and potassium persulfate (0.3 part) were charged and heated to 65.degree. 
C. while stirring. Then, a mixed monomer solution of acrylonitrile (25 
parts), N-phenylmaleimide (25 parts), styrene (50 parts) and 
tert.-dodecylmercaptan (0.3 part) and an aqueous solution of emulsifier 
(30 parts) containing sodium laurylsulfate (2 parts) were continuously 
added over 4 hours each. Then, the polymerization system was heated to 
70.degree. C. and aged for 3 hours to complete the polymerization to 
obtain a latex of acrylo-nitrile-N-phenylmaleimide-styrene copolymer. 
To the ABS graft copolymer latex (100 parts), Sumilizer (trade mark) BBM (1 
part) as an antioxidant and tris-nonylphenyl phosphite (2 parts) were 
added. Then, the latex was salted out with calcium chloride, and the 
polymer was dehydrated and dried to obtain powdery ABS graft copolymer. 
Each of the styrene base copolymer latexes A-2, A-3 and A-4 was salted out 
with calcium chloride, and the polymer was dehydrated and dried to obtain 
powdery polymer. 
PREATION EXAMPLE 2 
Preparation of the copolymer having the epoxy group but comprising no 
olefin (B) 
B-1 
In a reactor which had been replaced with nitrogen, potassium persulfate 
(0.3 part) and pure water (120 parts) were charged and heated to 
65.degree. C. while stirring. Then, a mixed monomer solution of 
acrylonitrile (30 parts), styrene (60 parts), glycidyl methacrylate (10 
parts) and tert.-dodecylmercaptan (0.3 part) and an aqueous solution of 
emulsifier (30 parts) containing sodium laurylsulfate (2 parts) were 
continuously added over 4 hours each. Then, the polymerization system was 
heated to 70.degree. C. and aged for 3 hours to complete the 
polymerization to obtain a copolymer. 
B-2 
In the same manner as in the preparation method B-1 but using 25 parts of 
acrylonitrile, 70 parts of styrene and 5 parts of glycidyl methacrylate, 
polymerization was carried out to obtain a copolymer. 
B-3 
In the same manner as in the preparation method B-1 but using 30 parts of 
acrylonitrile, 69 parts of styrene and 1 parts of glycidyl methacrylate, 
polymerization was carried out to obtain a copolymer. 
The copolymers B-1, B-2 and B-3 had intrinsic viscosities (at 30.degree. C. 
in dimethylformamide) of 0.92, 0.71 and 0.39, respectively. 
Each latex of the copolymers B-1, B-2 and B-3 was salted out with calcium 
chloride, and the polymer was dehydrated and dried to obtain powdery 
copolymer. 
PREATION EXAMPLE 3 
Preparation of the polymer having the functional group (C) 
C-1 
In the same manner as in the preparation method B-1 but using 3 parts of 
methacrylic acid in place of glycidyl methacrylate and 67 parts of 
styrene, polymerization was carried out to obtain a copolymer. 
C-2 
In the same manner as in the preparation method B-1 but using methacrylic 
acid in place of glycidyl methacrylate, polymerization was carried out to 
obtain a copolymer. 
C-3 
In the same manner as in the preparation method C-2 but using 20 parts of 
methacrylic acid and 20 parts of acrylonitrile, polymerization was carried 
out to obtain a copolymer. 
C-4 
In the same manner as in the preparation method C-2 but using hydroxyethyl 
acrylate in place of methacrylic acid, polymerization was carried out to 
obtain a copolymer. C-5 
In the same manner as in the preparation method C-2 but using 
2-vinylpyridine in place of methacrylic acid, polymerization was carried 
out to obtain a copolymer. 
C-6 
In a reactor which had been replaced with nitrogen, a polybutadiene latex 
(average particle size: 0.45 .mu.m, gel content: 80%, solid content: 50%) 
(100 parts), potassium persulfate (0.3 parts), sodium 
dodecylbenzenesulfonate (0.5 parts) and pure water (100 parts) were 
charged and heated to 65.degree. C. while stirring. Then, a mixed monomer 
solution of acrylonitrile (10 parts), styrene (20 parts), methacrylic acid 
(20 parts) and tert.-dodecylmercaptan (0.3 part) and an aqueous solution 
of emulsifier (30 parts) containing sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (1 
parts) were continuously added over 4 hours each. The polymerization 
system was heated to 70.degree. C. and aged for 3 hours to complete the 
polymerization to obtain a copolymer. 
The copolymers C-1 through C-5 had intrinsic viscosities (at 30.degree. C. 
in dimethylformamide) of 0.39, 0.51, 0.81, 0.83 and 0.65, respectively. 
Each latex of the copolymers C-1 through C-6 was salted out with calcium 
chloride, and the polymer was dehydrated and dried to obtain powdery 
copolymer. In case of the copolymer C-6, it was salted out after the 
addition of an antioxidant. 
PREATION EXAMPLE 4 
Preparation of an olefin copolymer having the epoxy group (D) 
By using an autoclave type apparatus for producing polyethylene, ethylene 
(90 parts) and glycidyl methacrylate (10 parts) were copolymerized under 
conditions employed for the preparation of high pressure polyethylene. 
PREATION EXAMPLE 5 
Rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A) 
A-5 
By the conventional suspension polymerization method, styrene (45 parts) 
and acrylonitrile (15 parts) were graft polymerized onto 
ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene rubber containing ethylidene 
norbornene as a nonconjugated diene (propylene content: 50%, iodide value: 
15, Mooney viscosity: 75) followed by dehydration and drying to obtain a 
graft copolymer. 
The obtained graft copolymer was mixed with the copolymer A-2 to obtain a 
rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin, namely AES resin (rubber 
content: about 16%). 
A-6 
In the same manner as in the preparation method A-1 but using a latex of 
polybutyl acrylate comprising acrylonitrile (5 parts) and butyl acrylate 
(95 parts) (average particle size: 0.31 .mu.m, solid content: 50%) in 
place of the polybutadiene latex, polymerization was carried out. Then, 
after the addition of an antioxidant, the polymerization mixture was 
salted out, dehydrated and dried to obtain a graft copolymer. 
The obtained graft copolymer was mixed with the acrylonitrile-styrene 
copolymer A-2 to obtain a rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic 
resin, namely AAS resin (rubber content: about 15%). 
A-7 
By a known bulk polymerization procedure, a rubber-reinforced polystyrene 
containing 7% of the rubber was prepared. 
EXAMPLES 1-12 AND COMATIVE EXAMPLES 1-10 
The rubber-modified styrene base thermoplastic resin (A), the copolymer 
having the epoxy group but comprising no olefin (B), the polymer having 
the functional group (C) and the olefinic copolymer having the epoxy group 
(D), all of which were prepared in above Preparation Examples were mixed 
in amounts shown in Table 1 and melt kneaded by a 40 mm single screw 
extruder. Properties of the obtained resin composition were measured as 
follows, and the results are shown in Table 1: 
Impact strength (Notched Izod impact strength) 
Impact strength of the resin composition is measured according to ASTM 
D-256. 
Flowability 
Flowability of the resin composition is measured by the use of a KOKA-type 
flow tester under following conditions: 
Temperature: 230.degree. C. 
Load: 60 kg/cm.sup.2 
Surface gloss and uneven gloss 
By using a 3.5 ounce injection molding machine, a test plate of 60 mm in 
length, 60 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness is prepared and its gloss in 
a center area is measured by using a angle-variable digital glossmeter 
(UGVD manufactured by Suga Testing Machines Co., Ltd.) at an angle of 
incidence of 60.degree.. 
The presence of uneven gloss is evaluated by naked eyes. 
TABLE 1 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Example No. 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Composition (parts) 
Rubber-modified 
thermoplastic resin A 
A-1 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 60 20 30 30 
A-2 30 70 
A-3 55 55 55 60 59 55 55 66 68 
A-4 47 
Copolymer B 
B-1 5 3 1 
B-2 5 5 5 3 3 3 
B-3 5 7 10 
Polymer C 
C-1 10 10 10 7 7 20 
C-2 3 
C-3 1 1 
C-4 10 
C-5 10 
C-6 1 
Rubber content in 
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15.5 
30 10 15 15 
the composition (%) 
Properties 
Notched Izod impact 
14 14 15 15 13 14 13 15 31 11 15 12 
strength (kg .multidot. cm/cm.sup.2) 
Flowability (cc/min.) 
0.25 
0.27 
0.29 
0.25 
0.22 
0.31 
0.29 
0.22 
0.61 
1.2 
0.30 
0.15 
Gloss (%) 13 14 17 15 17 16 16 19 14 13 25 19 
Uneven gloss 
No No No No No No No No No No No No 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Comp. Example No. 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
Composition (parts) 
Rubber-modified 
thermoplastic resin A 
A-1 30 30 30 30 30 5 90 30 30 30 
A-3 70 59.95 
30 64.95 
5 80 65 60 60 
Copolymer B 
B-2 0.05 
30 5 5 5 5 5 
Polymer C 
C-1 10 10 60 10 5 
C-2 10 
C-3 0.05 
Polymer D 10 
Rubber content in 
15 15 15 15 15 2.5 45 15 15 15 
the composition (%) 
Properties 
Notched Izod impact 
15 15 7 10 4 2 39 13 12 6 
strength (kg .multidot. cm/cm.sup.2) 
Flowability (cc/min.) 
0.3 0.29 
0.05 
0.28 
0.04 
0.42 
0.05 
0.25 
0.1 
0.15 
Gloss (%) 91 58 7 45 6 13 17 51 45 17 
Uneven gloss 
No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes 
No 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
EXAMPLES 13-15 AND COMATIVE EXAMPLES 11-13 
In the same manner as in Example 1 but using the rubber-modified styrene 
base thermoplastic resins prepared in Preparation Example 5 (A-5, A-6 and 
A-7), the copolymer B-2 and the copolymer C-1 in amounts shown in Table 2, 
a resin composition was prepared and its properties were measured. In 
these Examples, flowability was measured at 210.degree. C. under a load of 
30 kg/cm.sup.2 The results are shown in Table 2. 
TABLE 2 
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Example No. 13 C.11 14 C.12 15 C.13 
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Rubber-modified 
thermoplastic 
resin (A) (parts) 
A-5 (AES) 90 100 
A-6 (AAS) 90 100 
A-7 (HIPS) 90 100 
Copolymer B-2 (parts) 
3 0 5 0 7 0 
Copolymer C-1 (parts) 
7 0 5 0 3 0 
Rubber content in 
14.4 16 13.5 15 6.3 7 
the composition (%) 
Notched Izod impact 
23 25 15 17 7 8 
strength (kg .multidot. cm/cm.sup.2) 
Flowability (cc/min) 
0.15 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.55 0.62 
Gloss (%) 17 85 18 87 11 65 
Uneven gloss No No No No No No 
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EXAMPLE 16 AND COMATIVE EXAMPLE 14 
In the same manner as in Example 1 but using the rubber-modified styrene 
base thermoplastic resin A-1, the copolymer B-2, the copolymer C-1 and 
aromatic polycarbonate in amounts shown in Table 3, a resin composition 
was prepared and its properties were measured. The results are shown in 
Table 3. 
TABLE 3 
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Comparative 
Example No. 16 14 
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Rubber-modified 
thermoplastic resin A 
A-1 (ABS) 45 50 
Copolymer B-2 (parts) 
3 0 
Copolymer C-1 (parts) 
7 0 
Polycarbonate (parts) 
45 50 
Notched Izod impact 
50 55 
strength (kg .multidot. cm/cm.sup.2) 
Flowability (cc/min.) 
0.55 0.39 
Gloss (%) 13 91 
Uneven gloss No No 
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