A saccharide-solution producing apparatus 11A according to the present invention is a saccharide-solution producing apparatus for producing a saccharide solution 22 derived from a carbohydrate-based material 21, and includes a saccharide-solution controlling unit 15A that controls the saccharide solution derived from the carbohydrate-based material 21, a cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit 16 that saccharifies hydrothermally treated biomass obtained by hydrothermally decomposing a cellulosic biomass material 35 that contains a lignin component and a hemicellulose component, and produces a diluted saccharide solution 37, and a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11 that mixes the diluted saccharide solution 37 produced by the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit 16 into the saccharide-solution controlling unit 15A. With this configuration, it is possible to improve production efficiency of the saccharide solution 22 and to realize cost reduction.

FIELD

The present invention relates to a saccharide-solution producing apparatus, a fermentation system, a saccharide-solution producing method, and a fermentation method for producing a saccharide solution derived from a carbohydrate-based material, and more particularly to improvement in saccharide-solution production efficiency when a saccharide solution is produced from a carbohydrate-based material.

BACKGROUND

Biomass that is organic resources of biological origin is produced by living organisms from water and carbon dioxide by the use of solar energy, and is sustainable and renewable resources. In recent years, as a part of global warming countermeasures, attempts have been extensively made to produce ethanol from biomass that contains a cellulosic material such as woody biomass or herbaceous biomass, and to use the ethanol as various types of fuel or chemical materials. Biomass ethanol produced from the biomass is a renewable natural energy, and the amount of carbon dioxide released into the condition does not increase even if the biomass ethanol is burned. From these perspectives, biomass is attracting attention as available and effective resources and is expected to be used as future energy sources.

The biomass is a collection of living organisms incorporated into the material circulation system in the earth's biosphere or a collection of organic matters derived from the living organisms (see JIS K 3600 1258). For example, the biomass is classified into a forest/woodland type (lumber scraps, lumber from thinning, paper waste and the like), an agricultural type (rice straw, wheat straw, sugarcane residues, rice bran, palm shell, plants and the like), an animal type (domestic animal waste and the like), a fishery type (fish processing residues and the like), and a waste type (left-over food products, garden plants, construction waste, sewerage sludge and the like).

Conventionally, as an ethanol producing method, there is used an ethanol producing method that includes saccharifying biomass or the like that contains a carbohydrate-based material, a cellulosic material or the like to produce a saccharide solution, and fermenting the obtained saccharide solution, thereby producing ethanol. For example, as an ethanol producing method using biomass, the following methods are proposed: an ethanol producing method that includes hydrolyzing collected biomass into saccharides by the addition of sulfuric acid, performing thereafter solid-liquid separation, neutralizing a liquid phase, subjecting the neutralized liquid phase to ethanol fermentation using microorganism such as yeast, and converting the liquid phase into ethanol (see Patent Literatures 1 and 2); and an ethanol producing method that includes performing hydrothermal decomposition by causing collected biomass and pressurized hot water to contact each other in a consolidated condition, thereby obtaining hydrothermally treated biomass, adding enzyme to the obtained hydrothermally treated biomass and saccharifying the obtained hydrothermally treated biomass, thereby obtaining a saccharide solution, and fermenting the obtained saccharide solution, thereby producing ethanol (see Patent Literatures 3 and 4).

CITATION LIST

Patent Literatures

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application National Publication No. H9-507386Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Application National Publication No. H11-506934Patent Literature 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2010-29862Patent Literature 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2010-82620

SUMMARY

Technical Problem

In this case, it is required to ensure a high saccharide recovery ratio and to increase the saccharide concentration of the produced saccharide solution when enzyme is added to the hydrothermally treated biomass obtained from the biomass, in order to saccharify the hydrothermally treated biomass by the method of hydrothermally decomposing the biomass using the pressurized hot water as described in Patent Literatures 3 and 4. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the hydrothermally treated biomass that serves as a material when saccharifying the hydrothermally treated biomass by the addition of the enzyme so as to produce the saccharide solution having a high saccharide concentration.

However, when the concentration of the hydrothermally treated biomass increases, there is a problem that the saccharide recovery ratio falls for such a reason as a worse mixed state between the hydrothermally treated biomass and the enzyme.

Furthermore, when the concentration of the hydrothermally treated biomass is high, the power requirement to agitate the hydrothermally treated biomass becomes high in an enzymatic saccharification tank that contains the hydrothermally treated biomass. As a result, there is a problem that power consumption necessary to produce the saccharide solution from the hydrothermally treated biomass increases.

Further, a method of excessively adding enzyme to hydrothermally treated biomass is considered so as to improve the saccharide recovery ratio in a state where the concentration of the hydrothermally treated biomass is high. However, the unit price of the enzyme used to saccharify the hydrothermally treated biomass is high. As a result, when the additive amount of the enzyme by which the enzyme is added to the hydrothermally treated biomass increases, there is a problem that the cost required to produce ethanol rises.

Generally, therefore, a concentration operation such as evaporation concentration is performed so as to obtain a predetermined concentration suited for fermentation for causing, for example, alcohol fermentation after saccharifying the hydrothermally treated biomass.

On the other hand, when various organic materials are produced from a saccharide solution derived from the carbohydrate-based material (obtained by saccharification, extraction, or squeezing), an alcohol fermentation system including a saccharide-solution producing apparatus, for example, is put in a higher alcohol concentration condition as fermentation proceeds and microorganism that cause fermentation become extinct when the concentration of the saccharide solution used for the fermentation is high. Therefore, it is necessary to dilute the saccharide solution (at the saccharide concentration of about 20% to 60%) with water and to control the saccharide concentration.

Therefore, under these circumstances, there has been a demand for an efficient system capable of solving the problems that occur when saccharides are produced by the biomass treatment mentioned above and when various organic materials are produced from the saccharide solution derived from the carbohydrate-based material.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a saccharide-solution producing apparatus, a fermentation system, a saccharide-solution producing method, and a fermentation method capable of improving saccharide-solution production efficiency and realizing cost reduction.

Solution to Problem

According to an aspect of the present invention, a saccharide-solution producing apparatus for producing a saccharide solution derived from a carbohydrate-based material includes: a saccharide-solution controlling unit that controls the saccharide concentration derived from the carbohydrate-based material; a cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit that saccharifies hydrothermally treated biomass obtained by hydrothermally decomposing a cellulosic biomass material containing a lignin component and a hemicellulose component to produce a diluted saccharide solution; and a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe that mixes a diluted saccharide solution produced by the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit into the saccharide-solution controlling unit.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus, the saccharide solution is obtained by saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material or is discharged or squeezed from the carbohydrate-based material.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus, the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit includes a hydrothermal decomposition device that hydrothermally treats the cellulosic biomass material and to produce hydrothermally treated biomass, and a second enzymatic saccharification tank that adds enzyme to the hydrothermally treated biomass to saccharify the hydrothermally treated biomass, and generates the diluted saccharide solution.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus, the hydrothermal decomposition device hydrothermally decomposes the cellulosic biomass material while causing the cellulosic biomass material to contact pressurized hot water, transfers a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the pressurized hot water, and separates the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the cellulosic biomass material, and a hydrothermally discharged fraction that contains the lignin component and the hemicellulose component and a solid residual fraction that contains a cellulose component are produced as the hydrothermally treated biomass.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus, the second enzymatic saccharification tank produces one of or both of a diluted saccharide solution that contains hexose by adding enzyme to the solid residual fraction discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition device and enzymatically decomposing a cellulose component contained in the solid residual fraction, and a diluted saccharide solution that contains pentose by adding enzyme to the hydrothermally discharged fraction discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition device and enzymatically decomposing a hemicellulose component contained in the hydrothermally discharged fraction.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus, a saccharide concentration of the diluted saccharide solution is equal to or higher than 0.1 mass % and equal to or lower than 15 mass %.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a fermentation system includes: the saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to any one of above; and an alcohol fermentation tank that ferments the saccharide solution to produce an organic material.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, a saccharide-solution producing method for producing a saccharide solution derived from a carbohydrate-based material includes: producing hydrothermally treated biomass by hydrothermally decomposing a cellulosic biomass material containing a lignin component and a hemicellulose component, saccharifying the hydrothermally treated biomass by adding enzyme to the obtained hydrothermally treated biomass to produce a diluted saccharide solution; and producing the saccharide solution derived from the carbohydrate-based material by using the diluted saccharide solution when the saccharide solution is controlled.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing method, as the saccharide solution, a saccharide solution obtained by saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material or a saccharide solution discharged or squeezed from the carbohydrate-based material is used.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing method includes: hydrothermally decomposing the cellulosic biomass material while causing the cellulosic biomass material to contact pressurized hot water; transferring a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the pressurized hot water; separating the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the cellulosic biomass material; and producing a hydrothermally discharged fraction that contains the lignin component and the hemicellulose component, and a solid residual fraction that contains a biomass solid content. One of or both of the hydrothermally discharged fraction and the solid residual fraction is used as the hydrothermally treated biomass.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing method, one of or both of a diluted saccharide solution that contains hexose and that is obtained by adding enzyme to the solid residual fraction and by enzymatically decomposing a cellulose component contained in the solid residual fraction, and a diluted saccharide solution that contains pentose and that is obtained by adding enzyme to the hydrothermally discharged fraction and by enzymatically decomposing the hemicellulose component contained in the hydrothermally discharged fraction is used as the diluted saccharide solution.

Advantageously, in the saccharide-solution producing method, a saccharide concentration of the diluted saccharide solution is set equal to or higher than 0.1 mass % and equal to or lower than 15 mass %.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, a fermentation method comprising any one of the saccharide-solution producing methods described above. A saccharide solution obtained by using the saccharide-solution producing method is fermented to produce an organic material.

In addition, to solve the above problems, the following configurations can be employed.

(1) That is, the saccharide-solution producing apparatus can be configured such that, when the saccharide solution is obtained by saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material, the saccharide-solution controlling unit includes a storage tank that stores therein the carbohydrate-based material, and a first enzymatic saccharification tank for enzymatically saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material.

(2) The saccharide-solution producing apparatus can be configured such that, when the saccharide solution is discharged or squeezed from the carbohydrate-based material, the saccharide-solution controlling unit includes a storage tank that stores therein the carbohydrate-based material, and a saccharide-concentration controlling tank.

(3) The saccharide-solution producing method can include adding the saccharide solution to one of or both of a storage tank that stores therein the carbohydrate-based material and a first enzymatic saccharification tank for enzymatically saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material when the saccharide solution is obtained by saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material.

(4) The saccharide-solution producing method can include adding the saccharide solution to one of or both of a storage tank that stores therein the carbohydrate-based material and a saccharide-concentration controlling tank when the saccharide solution is discharged or squeezed from the carbohydrate-based material.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, saccharide-solution production efficiency can be improved and cost reduction can be realized.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to the contents of the embodiments described below. In addition, constituent elements described below include elements that can be easily assumed by persons skilled in the art, elements that are substantially identical, and so-called equivalents. Furthermore, it is possible to carry out appropriate combinations of the constituent elements described below.

First Embodiment

A saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings.FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of an alcohol producing system including the saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 1, an alcohol producing system10A includes a saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A according to the present embodiment, an alcohol fermentation tank12, a distillation column13, and an alcohol tank14.

The saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A according to the present embodiment includes a saccharide-solution controlling unit15A and a cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16.

The saccharide-solution controlling unit15A produces a saccharide solution22from a carbohydrate-based material21. The saccharide-solution controlling unit15A includes a grinding machine23, a pulverizer24, a storage tank25, a cooker26, and a first enzymatic saccharification tank27. The carbohydrate-based material21is ground by the grinding machine23and further pulverized by the pulverizer24. The pulverized carbohydrate-based material21is stored in the storage tank25. After the cooker26steams the carbohydrate-based material21stored in the storage tank25, a saccharide concentration of the carbohydrate-based material21stored in the storage tank25is controlled and the carbohydrate-based material21is saccharified in the first enzymatic saccharification tank27. In the present embodiment, a diluted saccharide solution37, to be described later, is added into one of or both of the storage tank25and the first enzymatic saccharification tank27, and is used as a diluted solution when the saccharide solution22is produced from the carbohydrate-based material21. As described later, by adding the diluted saccharide solution37into the storage tank25, the carbohydrate-based material21is diluted with the diluted saccharide solution37. The carbohydrate-based material21within the storage tank25can be thereby easily enzymatically saccharified in the first enzymatic saccharification tank27and can be easily transferred.

The cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16includes a grinding machine31, a hydrothermal decomposition device32A, a second enzymatic saccharification tank (C6)33, and a second enzymatic saccharification tank (C5)34. The cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16saccharifies hydrothermally treated biomass that is obtained by hydrothermally decomposing a cellulosic biomass material35, and produces the diluted saccharide solution37.

The biomass is not limited to a specific type but signifies a collection of living organisms incorporated into the material circulation system in the earth's biosphere or a collection of organic matters derived from the living organisms (see JIS K 3600 1258). As the biomass, for example, it is preferable to use, particularly woody biomass, broadleaf trees, ligno-cellulose resources as herbaceous biomass, agricultural waste, left-over food products or the like. In the present embodiment, for example, the cellulosic biomass material35is rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover (corn stalks), corncobs (corn cobs), or EFB (empty fruit bunch of oil palms). However, the present embodiment is not limited thereto.

The cellulosic biomass material35is ground into a ground biomass material38of 5 millimeters or less, for example, by the grinding machine31. The ground biomass material38is hydrothermally treated by the hydrothermal decomposition device32A. The hydrothermal decomposition device32A hydrothermally decomposes the ground biomass material38while causing the ground biomass material38and pressurized hot water countercurrently contact with each other, transfers lignin components and hemicellulose components into the pressurized hot water, and separates the lignin components and the hemicellulose components from a biomass solid content. The hydrothermally treated biomass is obtained by hydrothermally treating the ground biomass material38in the hydrothermal decomposition device32A, and is separated into a solid residual fraction39that is the biomass solid content and a hydrothermally treated fraction40that is the lignin components and the hemicellulose components transferred into the pressurized hot water.

FIG. 2depicts a configuration of the hydrothermal decomposition device32A. As shown inFIG. 2, the hydrothermal decomposition device32A includes a biomass supply device41, a reaction device42, and a biomass discharge device43. The biomass supply device41supplies the cellulosic biomass material (hereinafter, “biomass material”)35from under an normal pressure to under an increased pressure.

The reaction device42transports the supplied biomass material35from one side (a lower side in the present embodiment) to the other side (an upper side) within a device main body by a screw unit44, supplies pressurized hot water45into the device main body from the other side (the upper side) different from a portion from which the biomass material35is supplied, and hydrothermally decomposes the biomass material35while causing the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45to countercurrently contact with each other. With this configuration, the lignin components and the hemicellulose components are transferred into the pressurized hot water45, separated from within the biomass material35, and discharged from the reaction device42as the hydrothermally discharged fraction40.

The biomass discharge device43extracts the solid residual fraction39that is the biomass solid content from the other side of the reaction device42. InFIG. 2, reference sign47denotes a dehydration liquid,48denotes pressurized nitrogen (N2), and49denotes a temperature jacket.

In the present embodiment, the biomass material35is supplied from a lower end side. However, the present embodiment is not limited thereto. The biomass material35can be alternatively and conversely supplied from an upper end side, in which case, the pressurized hot water45is supplied from the lower end side.

Examples of the biomass supply device41that supplies the biomass material35from under a normal pressure to under an increased pressure include units such as a screw feeder, a piston pump, and a slurry pump.

While the reaction device42is a vertical device in the present embodiment, the present embodiment is not limited thereto. Alternatively, an inclined reaction device or a horizontal reaction device can be used as the reaction device42. In this case, the reason for using the vertical or inclined type is that the vertical or inclined reaction device can promptly discharge gas generated in a hydrothermal decomposition reaction, gas brought into a material or the like from above, and is preferably used.

In the present embodiment, before biomass is supplied, the biomass is pretreated by the use of the grinding machine31that serves as a pretreatment device. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and when a particle diameter of the biomass material35is sufficiently small, there is no need to provide the grinding machine31. Alternatively, a wet scrubber can wash the biomass material35. It is assumed that the biomass material35can be supplied directly to the reaction device42without pulverizing the biomass material35when the biomass material35is rice hulls, for example.

A reaction temperature in the reaction device42is preferably set to be equal to or higher than 180° C. and equal to or lower than 240° C., more preferably set to be equal to or higher than 200° C. and equal to or lower than 230° C. for the following reasons. That is, at a low temperature below 180° C., if the hydrothermal decomposition rate is low, a long decomposition time becomes necessary, and the size of the device has to be large. Therefore, the low temperature below 180° C. is not preferable. On the other hand, a temperature higher than 240° C. excessively increases the decomposition rate, increases transfer of cellulose components from a solid side to a liquid side, and promotes excessively decomposing hemicellulosic saccharides. Therefore, the temperature higher than 240° C. is not preferable. Furthermore, the hemicellulose components are dissolved at about 140° C. or higher, the cellulose components are dissolved at about 230° C. or higher, and the lignin components are dissolved at about 140° C. or higher. Therefore, the reaction temperature is preferably set within a range from 180° C. to 240° C. within which the hemicellulose components and the lignin components are decomposed at a sufficient decomposition rate.

The reaction pressure of the hydrothermal decomposition is preferably set to a pressure higher by 0.1 MPa to 0.5 MPa than the saturated vapor pressure of water at each temperature, which allows the pressurized hot water to stay inside the device.

The reaction time is preferably set to be equal to or shorter than 20 minutes, more preferably set to be equal to or higher than 3 minutes and equal to or lower than 10 minutes. This is because the ratio of an excessively decomposed material increases at a reaction time that is too long and it is not preferable.

In the present embodiment, it is preferable that flow of the pressurized hot water45and that of the biomass material35within the main body of the reaction device42are so-called counter flows for causing the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45to countercurrently contact each other so that the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45can contact each other, can be agitated, and can flow.

In the reaction device42, the solid content of the biomass material35is supplied from a bottom side, the pressurized hot water45is supplied from a top side, and the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45contact each other and move, whereby the pressurized hot water (hot water, a liquid into which the decomposed material is dissolved)45moves while soaking between solid particles in a counter flow to the flow of the biomass material35that is the solid content.

In the present embodiment, the pressurized nitrogen (N2)48is supplied into the reaction device42because a gaseous part is present within the reaction device42. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and the pressurized N248is not necessarily supplied into the reaction device42.

It is possible to increase the temperature of the biomass material35in the reaction device42by allowing the biomass material35to contact the pressurized hot water45and to directly exchange heat with the pressurized hot water45in the reaction device42. The biomass material35can be heated from outside by using steam or the like as needed.

In the present embodiment, by causing the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45to countercurrently contact each other, components easily soluble into the pressurized hot water45are sequentially discharged, and a temperature gradient occurs from an input part from which the biomass material35is input to a hot-water input part. This can suppress the hemicellulose components from being excessively decomposed and can eventually efficiently recover pentose components. Furthermore, by causing the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45to countercurrently contact each other, heat recovery can be made, which is preferable in view of system efficiency.

The configuration of the hydrothermal decomposition device32A is not limited to that shown inFIG. 2.FIG. 3is a conceptual diagram of another configuration of the hydrothermal decomposition device. As shown inFIG. 3, a biomass hydrothermal decomposition device32B according to the present embodiment includes a biomass supply device51, a reaction device52, and the biomass discharge device43. V31to V35denote differential pressure control valves (ON-OFF valves).

The biomass supply device51supplies the biomass material (such as wheat straw, in the present embodiment)35from under a normal pressure to under an increased pressure. Examples of the biomass supply device51include units such as a screw feeder, a piston pump, and a slurry pump.

The reaction device52gradually moves the supplied biomass material35from an upper or lower end side (a lower end side in the present embodiment) into a vertical device main body (hereinafter, “device main body”) in a consolidated condition, and supplies the pressurized hot water45into the device main body from the end side (the upper end side in the present embodiment) different from the end side from which the biomass material35is supplied. In addition, the reaction device52hydrothermally decomposes the biomass material35while causing the biomass material35to countercurrently contact the pressurized hot water45, transfers the lignin components and the hemicellulose components into the pressurized hot water45, and separates the lignin components and the hemicellulose components from the biomass material35.

As described above, the biomass discharge device43discharges the solid residual fraction39that is the biomass solid content from the supply side of the pressurized hot water45of the device main body.

A fixed agitating unit53that agitates the biomass material35in a so-called consolidated condition of a plug flow is provided within the device main body. By rotation of the fixed agitating unit53, the biomass material35is agitated in response to an agitation action generated by the rotation of the fixed agitating unit53when the biomass material35fed into the device main body is moved in an axial direction. By providing the fixed agitating unit53within the device main body, mixing of the pressurized hot water45with a surface of the solid and an interior of the solid and the reaction is promoted in the device main body.

It is preferable that the flow of the pressurized hot water45and that of the biomass material35within the main body of the hydrothermal decomposition device32B are the so-called counter flows for causing the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45to countercurrently contact each other so that the biomass material35and the pressurized hot water45can contact each other, can be agitated, and can flow with views of efficiently mixing the biomass material35with the pressurized hot water45and promoting the reaction.

The hydrothermal decomposition device32B hydrothermally decomposes the biomass material35by means of the plug flow. Therefore, the hydrothermal decomposition device32B is simple in structure and the biomass material35that is solid is moved in parallel to a central axis of a pipe while being agitated perpendicularly to be central axis of the pipe. On the other hand, the pressurized hot water45(hot water, a liquid into which the decomposed material is dissolved) moves while soaking in the solid particles in the counter flow to the flow of the solid.

Furthermore, the plug flow can realize the uniform flow of the pressurized hot water45. When the solid biomass material35is decomposed by the pressurized hot water45, the decomposed material is dissolved into the hot water. The viscosity is high near decomposed portions, hot water moves preferentially to near non-decomposed portions, and the non-decomposed portions are decomposed subsequently to the decomposed portions. This can create the uniform flow of the hot water and uniform decomposition.

The hydrothermal decomposition device32B includes the fixed agitating unit53within the device main body. Because of resistance of a pipe wall on an inside surface of the device main body of the hydrothermal decomposition device32B, a solid concentration of the biomass material35on an outlet side decreases as compared with that of the biomass material35on an inlet side, and the solid residual fraction39that is the biomass solid content decrease by decomposition. Accordingly, a ratio of the pressurized hot water45increase, and the decomposed components in the liquid are excessively decomposed as a result of an increase in a liquid residence time. Therefore, by providing at least the fixed agitating unit53within the device main body, the hydrothermal decomposition device32B can suppress the ratio of the pressurized hot water45and reduce the liquid residence time, thereby making it possible to suppress the decomposed components in the liquid from being excessively decomposed.

As shown inFIG. 1, in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A according to the present embodiment, the solid residual fraction39and the hydrothermally discharged fraction40are discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition device32A as the hydrothermally treated biomass. The solid residual fraction39in the hydrothermally treated biomass is supplied to the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C6)33, and the hydrothermally discharged fraction40is supplied to the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C5)34.

The second enzymatic saccharification tank (C6)33performs an enzymatic treatment on cellulose contained in the solid residual fraction39discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition device32A with first enzyme (cellulase)61, thereby obtaining a first saccharide solution62containing hexose.

The second enzymatic saccharification tank (C5)34performs an enzymatic treatment on the hemicellulose components transferred into the hydrothermally discharged fraction40discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition device32A with second enzyme63, thereby obtaining a second saccharide solution64containing pentose.

One of or both of the first saccharide solution62obtained in the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C6)33and the second saccharide solution64obtained in the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C5)34is used as the diluted saccharide solution37. As described above, this diluted saccharide solution37is supplied to one of or both of the storage tank25and the first enzymatic saccharification tank27via a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11.

The diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11includes a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-1connected to the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C6)33, a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-2connected to the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C5)34, a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-3that supplies the diluted saccharide solution37to the saccharide-solution controlling unit15A from a portion in which the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-1is connected to the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-2, a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-4that connects the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-3to the storage tank25, and a diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-5that connects the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-3to the first enzymatic saccharification tank27.

A control valve V11is provided on the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-1, a control valve V12is provided on the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-2, a control valve V21is provided on the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-4, and a control valve V22is provided on the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11-5. The control valve V11controls an amount of the first saccharide solution62discharged from the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C6)33, and the control valve V12controls an amount of the second saccharide solution64discharged from the second enzymatic saccharification tank (C5)34. Furthermore, the control valve V21controls the diluted saccharide solution37supplied to the storage tank25, and the control valve V22controls the diluted saccharide solution37supplied to the first enzymatic saccharification tank27.

Therefore, the diluted saccharide solution37produced in the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16can be supplied to one of or both of the storage tank25and the first enzymatic saccharification tank27via the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11. That is, in a regulation stage before the carbohydrate-based material21is saccharified and the saccharide solution22is produced in the saccharide-solution controlling unit15A, for example, in the present embodiment, a stage where carbohydrate-based material21is ground or pulverized by the grinding machine23and the pulverizer24and transferred to the storage tank25or a stage where the first enzymatic saccharification tank27performs saccharification (including a stage before the saccharification in a batch system), the diluted saccharide solution37produced by the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16is supplied. The saccharide concentration of the saccharide solution22obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21can be thereby set to a predetermined saccharide concentration (15 mass %, for example). Furthermore, by using the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64as the diluted solution used when saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material21, the consumption of water for dilution can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost required to produce the saccharide solution22.

Conventionally, when the carbohydrate-based material21is saccharified and the saccharide solution22is produced, half of components contained in the carbohydrate-based material21are starch and the saccharide concentration of the saccharide solution obtained when the carbohydrate-based material21is saccharified as it is 20% to 60%. When a high-concentration saccharide solution is used when producing alcohol, the saccharide-solution producing apparatus is put in a higher alcohol concentration condition as fermentation proceeds and microorganism become extinct. Therefore, it is impossible to use the high-concentration saccharide solution as it is. Therefore, it is necessary to dilute the carbohydrate-based material21with water and to produce the saccharide solution22when the carbohydrate-based material21is saccharified and the saccharide solution22is produced. On the other hand, when the biomass material35is saccharified and the saccharide solution22is produced, the concentration of the hydrothermally treated biomass (the solid residual fraction39and the hydrothermally discharged fraction40) discharged from the biomass material35is low. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the hydrothermally treated biomass (the solid residual fraction39and the hydrothermally discharged fraction40) or to increase addition amounts of the first enzyme61and the second enzyme63by which these enzymes are added to the hydrothermally treated biomass (the solid residual fraction39and the hydrothermally discharged fraction40), to increase saccharide concentrations of the obtained first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64, and to produce the saccharide solution22.

On the other hand, according to the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A of the present embodiment, by using the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64as the diluted solution used when saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material21, it is possible to reduce the saccharide concentration of the saccharide solution obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21and to produce the saccharide solution22at the predetermined saccharide concentration (15 mass %, for example) without increasing the saccharide concentration of the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64. Furthermore, it is possible to suppress the consumption of the water used when saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material21. It is thereby possible to obtain the saccharide solution22at the preferable concentration for alcohol fermentation or the like, and to reduce the cost required to produce the saccharide solution22.

In the present embodiment, the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64obtained by saccharifying the solid residual fraction39and the hydrothermally discharged fraction40that are discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition device32A are supplied, as the diluted saccharide solution37, to one of or both of the storage tank25and the first enzymatic saccharification tank27. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Alternatively, either the first saccharide solution62or the second saccharide solution64can be supplied, as the diluted saccharide solution37, to one of or both of the storage tank25and the first enzymatic saccharification tank27.

After the saccharide solution22at the predetermined concentration is produced in the first enzymatic saccharification tank27, the saccharide solution22that is an alcohol fermentation material is supplied to the alcohol fermentation tank12by way of a saccharide-solution supply line L12.

The alcohol fermentation tank12is a fermentation tank in which microorganism are added to the saccharide solution22to cause fermentation and in which alcohol (an organic material) is produced. The alcohol fermentation tank12performs a fermentation treatment by added microorganism65under predetermined conditions.

An alcohol fermentation liquid71obtained as a result of the alcohol fermentation is supplied to the distillation column13by way of a fermentation-liquid supply line L13and distilled in the distillation column13. Distillate72obtained as a result of distillation is passed through an alcohol supply line L14, purified by a refining device such as a dehydrator73, supplied to the alcohol tank14, and stored in the alcohol tank14. Alcohol74such as ethanol that is a product is supplied from this alcohol tank14by way of a supply line L15as needed.

A residue75in the alcohol fermentation tank12is discharged by way of a yeast-residue discharge line L21. Furthermore, a distillation residue76in the distillation column13is discharged by way of a distillation-residue discharge line L21, passed through a separator77, a dryer78, and a refrigerator79, and discharged as distilled residue800.

When the alcohol74is produced by the use of the alcohol producing system10A, when a production volume of the alcohol74is 100000 kl/year, then that of the carbohydrate-based material21can be set to 90000 kl/year and that of the biomass material35can be set to 10000 kl/year. As compared with a case of producing the alcohol74using only the carbohydrate-based material21, the alcohol74can be produced in the same amount as the conventional amount while suppressing the annual use of the carbohydrate-based material21.

As described above, according to the alcohol producing system10A that includes the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A of the present embodiment, the diluted saccharide solution37derived from the biomass material35produced in the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16is supplied to one of or both of the storage tank25and the first enzymatic saccharification tank27via the diluted-saccharide-solution supply line L11, and the diluted saccharide solution37is mixed in the regulation stage before producing the saccharide solution22from the carbohydrate-based material21. It is thereby possible to improve production efficiency of the saccharide solution22obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21, to set the saccharide concentration of the saccharide solution22to the predetermined saccharide concentration (15 mass %, for example), and to reduce the cost required to produce the saccharide solution22. As a result, by producing the saccharide solution22at the predetermined saccharide concentration by the use of the diluted saccharide solution37derived from the biomass material35when the saccharide solution22derived from the carbohydrate-based material21is controlled, it is possible to improve producing efficiency for producing the alcohol74and to reduce the cost required to produce the alcohol74.

In the present embodiment, examples of the carbohydrate-based material21include cereal crops such as corn, rice, wheat, barley, and cassava. However, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.

For example, when corns81are used as the carbohydrate-based material21, both the carbohydrate-based material21such as kernels and the cellulosic biomass material35such as leaves, stalks and cobs of the corns are obtained from the corns81. Therefore, it is possible to produce the saccharide solution22further efficiently.FIG. 4is an example of a case where the corns81are applied as the material. As shown inFIG. 4, both the carbohydrate-based material21such as kernels81aand the cellulosic biomass material35such as leaves, stalks and cobs of the corns81bare obtained from the corns81. Accordingly, the kernels81aand the like can be used as the carbohydrate-based material21, and the leaves, stalks, and cobs of the corns81bcan be used as the cellulosic biomass material35. According to the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the saccharide solution22further efficiently and to improve efficiency of producing an organic material such as the alcohol74without generating waste from one material such as the corns81.

In the present embodiment, the case of fermenting alcohol that is the organic material by the use of the saccharide solution22has been described as the fermentation system. However, the fermentation system using the saccharide solution according to the present embodiment is not limited to this system. While it has been described by way of example that the alcohol (ethanol, methanol or the like) that is the organic material is obtained by the fermentation treatment, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Alternatively, a petroleum substitute that is a chemical-product material or amino acid that is a food or feedstuff material other than the alcohol can be obtained by the fermentation apparatus.

Examples of chemical products obtained from the saccharide solution22include LPG, automobile fuel, aircraft jet fuel, heating oil, diesel oil, various types of heavy oil, fuel gas, naphtha, ethylene glycol that is a naphtha decomposed material, ethanol, amine, lactic acid, alcohol ethoxylate, vinyl chloride polymer, aluminum alkyl, PVA, acetic acid vinyl emulsion, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, MMA resin, nylon, and polyester. Therefore, the diluted saccharide solution37derived from biomass can be efficiently used as substitutes for chemical products derived from crude oil that is exhaustible fuel and materials for producing the substitutes.

Second Embodiment

A saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings.FIG. 5is a schematic diagram of an alcohol producing system including the saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Because the configuration of the saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to the present embodiment is identical to that of the alcohol producing system including the saccharide-solution producing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown inFIG. 1, members identical to those according to the first embodiment are denoted by like reference signs and redundant explanations thereof will be omitted.

As shown inFIG. 5, an alcohol producing system10B includes a saccharide-solution producing apparatus11B according to the present embodiment, the alcohol fermentation tank12, the distillation column13, and the alcohol tank14.

The saccharide-solution producing apparatus11B according to the present embodiment uses molasses83as a saccharification material obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21of the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11A according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown inFIG. 1. That is, the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11B according to the present embodiment includes a saccharide-solution controlling unit15B and the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16.

The saccharide-solution controlling unit15B produces the saccharide solution22from the molasses83. The saccharide-solution controlling unit15B includes the storage tank25and a saccharide-concentration controlling tank84. The molasses83is discharged or squeezed from the carbohydrate-based material21. The molasses83obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21is stored in the storage tank25. A saccharide concentration of the molasses83stored in the storage tank25is controlled by the saccharide-concentration controlling tank84.

Because the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16is identical to that in the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11according to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, explanations thereof will be omitted.

The diluted saccharide solution37produced in the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16is supplied to one of or both of the storage tank25and the saccharide-concentration controlling tank84via the diluted-saccharide-solution supply pipe L11. It is thereby possible to mix the diluted saccharide solution37with the molasses83obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21. That is, in the saccharide-solution controlling unit15B, in the regulation stage before producing the saccharide solution22from the molasses83obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21, the diluted saccharide solution37produced in the cellulosic biomass saccharifying unit16is supplied to the molasses83.

The saccharide concentration of the molasses83obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21can be set to a predetermined saccharide concentration (15 mass %, for example). Furthermore, by using the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64as the diluted solution used when saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material21, the consumption of water for dilution can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost required to produce the saccharide solution22.

Thus, according to the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11B of the present embodiment, by using the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64as the diluted solution used when saccharifying the carbohydrate-based material21, it is possible to reduce the saccharide concentration of the molasses83obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21and to produce the saccharide solution22at the predetermined saccharide concentration (15 mass %, for example) without increasing the saccharide concentration of the first saccharide solution62and the second saccharide solution64. Furthermore, it is possible to suppress the consumption of the water used when producing the saccharide solution22from the molasses83. It is thereby possible to obtain the saccharide solution22at the preferable concentration for alcohol fermentation or the like, and to reduce the cost required to produce the saccharide solution22.

Therefore, according to the alcohol producing system10B that includes the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11B of the present embodiment, the saccharide solution22at the predetermined saccharide concentration is produced using the diluted saccharide solution37derived from the biomass material35when the molasses83derived from the carbohydrate-based material21is controlled. It is thereby possible to improve the producing efficiency for producing the alcohol74and to reduce the cost required to produce the alcohol74.

In the present embodiment, while the case of using molasses as the saccharification material obtained from the carbohydrate-based material21has been explained, the present invention is not limited thereto. It suffices that the saccharification material is a material such as sugarcane or sugar beet that is obtained by being discharged or squeezed from the carbohydrate-based material21.

For example, when sugarcane is used as the material, molasses is obtained as the carbohydrate-based material21from the sugarcane, and the cellulosic biomass material35such as a residue (bagasse) obtained when squeezing saccharides from leaves or the sugarcane is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to produce the saccharide solution22further efficiently.FIG. 6is an example of a case where sugarcane is applied as the material. As shown inFIG. 6, both the molasses83that is the carbohydrate-based material21and the cellulosic biomass material35such as leaves and bagasse85B are obtained from sugarcane85. As a result, the molasses83can be used as the carbohydrate-based material21, and the leaves, the bagasse85B and the like can be used as the cellulosic biomass material35. Therefore, according to the saccharide-solution producing apparatus11B of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the saccharide solution22further efficiently and to improve the efficiency of producing the organic material such as the alcohol74without generating waste from one material.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST