Telescoping safety guard for hypodermic needles and the like

A safety shield slidably mounted upon a disposable hypodermic syringe and needle assembly and having an elongated guide slot which cooperates with a resilient tab cooperating therewith to maintain orientation between the syringe body and the telescoping shield. A resilient locking tab integral with the syringe body cooperates with a pair of spaced slots arranged along the telescoping shield to define the initial shielded position and the usable position respectively. The telescoping shield includes a shoulder which receives the bent-over flexible tab to lock the shield in the shielded position to prevent contact with the needle, facilitating safe handling of the assembly.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to shields for hypodermic needles and the 
like and more particularly to a novel telescoping shield movable between a 
shielding and exposed position and further including a flexible locking 
tab for locking the telescoping shield into the needle shielding position 
after use of the disposable hypodermic needle assembly. 
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
It is important to exercise proper care in the handling of hypodermic 
needles which includes not only handling, but use and disposal as well. 
The danger of injury due to being pierced by a needle is further 
compounded by the possible danger of infection or a resulting illness from 
any microbe, germ or other matter carried by the needle. In addition, it 
is important to prevent reuse of disposed needles which have initially 
been used on patients and especially those having highly contagious and 
even fatal diseases. 
It is known in the art to protect against injury from a hypodermic needle 
preparatory to use. However, these shields are typically disposed of after 
removal from the hypodermic needle preparatory to use of the hypodermic 
assembly. Thus, no means are available for protecting against injury from 
the needle after use when disposed. Some shields have been provided which 
may be mounted upon the syringe to cover the needle after use. However, 
although these devices will protect against accidental injury, they are 
not capable of preventing the shield from being moved to a position to 
expose the needle after use and preparatory to disposal. 
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention is characterized by comprising a novel, cooperating 
hypodermic syringe assembly and shield which is telescopingly mounted upon 
the syringe assembly. The shield is provided with at least one elongated 
guide slot which cooperates with a resilient guide tab arranged along the 
syringe assembly to permit the telescoping shield to be moved between the 
needle shielding and needle exposed position, preparatory to use. An 
integral resilient locking tab extends generally radially outwardly from 
the hypodermic syringe and cooperates with mating openings arranged at 
spaced longitudinal intervals along the telescoping shield to identify the 
respective needle shielding and needle exposed positions. A shoulder is 
provided in the telescoping shield adjacent one of said position openings 
and is adapted to seat the locking tab in the flexed position to prevent 
the telescoping shield to be moved to the position exposing said needle 
after use of the needle. Thus, the telescoping shield serves as both the 
initial and final means for shielding the hypodermic syringe needle 
respectively preparatory to and subsequent to the use thereof without any 
need for removing the telescoping shield from the hypodermic syringe 
assembly regardless of the function to be performed. 
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
It is, therefore, one object of the invention to provide a novel 
cooperating hypodermic needle assembly and telescoping shield for 
protecting the needle from damage and for protecting users from injury 
both preparatory and subsequent to use. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel 
hypodermic syringe assembly and cooperating telescoping shield which is 
movable between a first position for shielding the needle preparatory to 
use and a second position for exposing the needle for use and which may 
again be retracted to the needle shielding position to protect people 
handling the assembly from injury. 
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel 
hypodermic syringe assembly and cooperating telescoping shield movable 
between a needle shielding position and a needle exposing position and 
wherein said hypodermic syringe is provided with locking tab means 
cooperating with a shoulder in said telescoping shield for locking the 
telescoping shield in the shielding position and for preventing the shield 
from being moved to the needle exposing position. 
The above, as well as other objects of the present invention will become 
apparent when reading the accompanying description and drawings in which:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
FIGS. 1 and 2 show exploded views of the apparatus 10 embodying the 
principles of the present invention and comprising a disposable hypodermic 
syringe needle assembly 12 used in hospital and healthcare applications 
and the like. The syringe includes a cylindrical chamber 14 with a tapered 
forward end l4a which is typically releasably joined to a hollow 
hypodermic needle 16 which communicates with the hollow interior of 
cylindrical body 14. 
An integral guide tab l4b extends radially outwardly from cylindrical body 
14. A substantially U-shaped slot l4c is provided in cylindrical body 14 
to form a flexible projection l4d having guide tab l4b at the end thereof. 
In the preferred embodiment three guide tabs 14b and three guide slots 22f 
are provided at 120.degree. intervals as shown in schematic fashion in 
FIG. 3. Only one locking tab and pair of mating slots will be described 
for purposes of simplicity, it being understood that all three sets of 
tabs and mating slots operate in similar fashion. 
A telescoping shield 20 is adapted to be slidably received upon cylindrical 
body 14 and has a generally cylindrical-shaped main body portion 22 having 
a forward tapered end 22a generally conforming to the tapered forward end 
l4a of the hypodermic syringe assembly 12. The forward end of the tapered 
portion is truncated and is provided with an opening 22b (note, for 
example, FIG. 4a) having a diameter sufficient to permit needle 16 to 
extend therethrough when the telescoping shield 20 is moved to the needle 
exposing position, as will be more fully described hereinbelow. 
Body 22 is provided with open rearward 22c for receiving the forward 
tapered end of the hypodermic needle assembly 12. An elongated guide slot 
22f is provided in body 22 and is substantially parallel to the 
longitudinal axis A of the body 22. The interior surface of body 22 is 
provided with a bevelled edge 22d terminating in a lip 22e. 
FIG. 4a shows assembly 12 and shield 20 in the disassembled position. In 
order to assemble these components, the assembly 12 and shield 20 are 
oriented along a common longitudinal axis A. The shield 20 is then pushed 
onto the assembly 22. The bevel 22d facilitates the mounting of shield 20 
onto assembly 12. Tracking tab 14b is provided with a bevelled surface 
l4b-1 (see FIG. 1) which cooperates with the bevelled surface 22d to press 
the locking tab inwardly as the assembly 12 is telescopingly received 
within shield 20. The flexible projection 14d yields sufficiently to 
enable the tab 14b to move generally in the inward radial direction. 
Ultimately, the assembly 12 is pushed into shield 20 to a depth sufficient 
to move tab 14d into the right-hand end of slot 22f, at which time the 
yieldable projection 14d causes tab 14b to snap outwardly and into slot 
22f shown best in FIGS. 1 and 2b. 
Although the shield 20 may be moved linearly relative to assembly 12, 
tracking tab 14b which, is slidably received within slot 22f, prevents 
shield 20 from rotating about longitudinal axis A relative to assembly 12. 
Noting FIG. 2, shield 20 is provided with a pair of positioning openings 
22g and 22h lying along a common imaginary line substantially parallel to 
longitudinal axis A. The openings 22g and 22h are arranged along the 
cylindrical body 22 at an angle displaced from elongated slot 22f. For 
example, the assembly 12 and shield 20 are rotated an angle of 60 degrees 
from FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 in order to respectively expose the tracking tab 14b 
and tracking slot 22f in FIG. 1 and the locking tab 14b and mating slots 
22g and 22h in FIG. 2. 
As shown in FIG. 3, there are preferably three pairs of mating openings 
22g, 22h arranged at 120.degree. intervals about shield 20. These three 
pairs of slots cooperate with three locking tabs l4e arranged at 
120.degree. intervals about body 14. Only one tab and its associated pair 
of openings will be described for purposes of simplicity, it being 
understood that the remaining tabs and cooperating pairs of openings 
operate in a similar fashion. The guide tabs and slots are preferably 
arranged at an angle of 60.degree. from the adjacent locking tabs and 
cooperating mating openings. 
As shown schematically in FIG. 3, it should be understood that the present 
invention preferably provides three tracking slots 22f arranged at 120 
degree intervals about body 22 and three sets of mating slots 22g, 22h 
arranged at 120 degree intervals about body 22 and further arranged so 
that they are equally spaced from the intervals along which the tracking 
slots 22f are provided. Preferably, each pair of mating slots 22g, 22h is 
displaced an angle of 60 degrees from an adjacent tracking slot 22f. 
Body 14 is further provided with three locking tabs 14e, one of which is 
shown in FIG. 2. Locking tab 14e is integral with body 14 and is flexible 
to enable the locking tab to be bent into a curved linear shape as will be 
more fully described hereinbelow. As was set forth hereinabove, there are 
preferably three such locking tabs arranged at 120 degree intervals about 
body 14 each locking tab cooperating with a pair of mating slots 22g, 22h, 
there being three such sets of mating slots arranged at 120 degree 
intervals about body 22. 
FIG. 4a shows a sectional view of the assembly 12 and shield 20 looking in 
the direction of arrows B--B of FIG. 2. As was mentioned hereinabove, 
shield 20 is mounted upon assembly 12 by aligning both of these assemblies 
along the common longitudinal axis A as shown in FIG. 4a. FIG. 4b shows 
shield 20 mounted upon assembly 12 with the shield in the needle shielding 
position. As the shield 20 is pushed from the position shown in FIG. 4a to 
the position shown in FIG. 4b, each of the locking tabs 14e engages the 
bevelled interior edge 22d (see FIG. 4a) causing the locking tab to bend 
downwardly and toward the right relative to FIG. 4b. The locking tab 14e 
remains in its bent position as it slides along bevelled interior edge 22d 
and the adjacent interior surface of body 22 until the locking tab moves 
into mating slot 22h at which time the locking tab snaps into the mating 
opening 22h and assumes its normal, unbent position 14 e shown in FIG. 4b. 
At this time, the needle 16 is completely shielded by the body 22 to 
prevent either accidental or even deliberate contact with the needle 16 
and especially with the extremely sharp point l6a of needle 16. The open 
end 22b of shield 22 is preferably covered with a tear-away strip 24 which 
may, for example, have a pressure sensitive adhesive along its right-hand 
surface relative to FIG. 4b for engaging the marginal surface surrounding 
opening 22b to protect the interior region of body 22 and especially 
needle 16 from being contaminated with foreign material, dirt, dust and 
the like. Cover sheet 24 is preferably provided with a small tab 24a (see 
FIG. 2) to facilitate peeling away of the cover sheet 24 from opening 22b. 
The shield 20 is moved from the position shown in FIG. 4b to the position 
shown in FIG. 4c to fully expose needle 16 to facilitate the use of the 
hypodermic syringe. 
The protective cover strip 24 is preferably removed preparatory to moving 
telescoping shield 20 to expose the needle 16. The shield is moved from 
the position shown in FIG. 4b to the position shown in FIG. 4c by pushing 
the shield toward the right relative to assembly 12 as shown in FIG. 4c, 
causing each of the flexible locking tabs 14e to be bent so that their 
free ends move downwardly and toward the right. The bent locking tab 
slides against the interior surface of telescoping shield 22 until each of 
the tabs move into an associated mating slot 22g at which time the locking 
tab snaps back to its unbent position and extends into the associated 
opening 22g in the manner shown best in FIG. 4c. At this time, the needle 
16 is fully exposed and the hypodermic syringe assembly 12 is ready for 
normal use. 
In order to prepare the hypodermic needle assembly 12 for disposal, the 
needle assembly 12 is pulled out of the telescoping shield from the 
position shown in FIG. 4c to the position shown in FIG. 4d causing each of 
the locking tabs 14e to bend in the reverse direction, i.e. downwardly and 
toward the left, as shown in FIG. 4d. The telescoping shield 20 is moved 
until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 4d at which time the locking 
tab snaps outwardly over its free end 14e-1 to rest against shoulder 22j 
arranged between the main portion of body 22 and the portion 22k of body 
22 which is of slightly greater diameter than the main body portion. The 
telescoping shield is prevented from being pulled any further toward the 
left relative to the assembly 12 thereby maintaining each of the locking 
tabs 14e in the flexed position shown in FIG. 4d with the tip of each 
locking tab resting against shoulder 22j. Any effort to push shield 20 
toward the right relative to assembly 12 as shown in FIG. 4d is prevented 
by the flexed locking tabs 14e which are now in the locked position. Thus, 
the needle 16 and especially its sharp point 16a is fully surrounded by 
shield 20 to prevent either accidental or deliberate contact with the 
needle point enabling the syringe assembly 12 and its cooperating 
telescoping shield 20 to be safely disposed of. 
Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes three 
locking tabs and operating mating slots arranged at 120 degree intervals 
and further utilizes cooperating tracking tabs and tracking slots arranged 
at 120 degree intervals which are displaced from the locking tabs and 
cooperating mating slots, a greater or lesser number of such arrangements 
may be used, for example, as few as one locking tab and cooperating mating 
slots and as few as one tracking tab and cooperating tracking slot may be 
employed, if desired. 
A latitude of modification, change and substitution is intended in the 
foregoing disclosure, and in some instances, some features of the 
invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features. 
Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed 
broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and scope of the 
invention herein described.