Free standing column-shaped structure for housing RFID antennas and readers

An RFID system is provided, which includes one or more radio frequency antennas and a generally column-shaped structure. The generally column-shaped structure supports the antenna(s) therein. The structure may include a base portion, a frame portion, one ore more paddle portions, and an external body portion. In such case, the frame portion is attached to and supported by the base portion. The frame portion extends along a vertical axis of the structure. Each paddle portion is pivotably coupled to the frame portion. Each paddle portion supports one or more antennas attached thereto. The hollow and elongated external body portion is attached to and supported by the base portion. The external body portion extends along the vertical axis. The frame portion, the paddle portion(s), and the antenna(s) are located within the external body portion.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. More specifically, it relates to structures for use in supporting RFID antennas and/or RFID readers.

BACKGROUND

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems usually include at least one radio frequency antenna and a reader. During a typical usage, the RFID system transmits a radio frequency at a certain frequency or within a certain frequency range towards an RFID tag. An RFID tag typically includes a chip (often smaller than a pin head) and an antenna portion. The energy in the radio waves transmitted onto the tag may be used to “excite” or energize the tag. The chip is often programmed with a globally unique identification (GUID) number, and upon exciting the tag, the GUID number is emitted from the tag in the form of radio waves. A receiving antenna of the RFID system receives the radio waves emitted from the tag, and a reader device extracts the GUID number from the signal in the tag's emitted radio waves. This GUID number may then be correlated to a product or item in a database. The transmitting antenna may be separate from the receiving antenna (e.g., pitch-catch configuration), or they may be one and the same (i.e., transmit and receive with same antenna).

RFID systems may have a variety of forms and configurations for different applications, such as: a hand held device (e.g., wand), a free standing structure (e.g., theft detection devices in retail stores), a fixed structure attached to or extending from a building (e.g., warehouse inventory tracking), or a toll tag reader structure above a toll road, for example. In most existing warehouse usages of RFID systems, some or all of the RFID components (e.g., antenna, reader) of the system are exposed. In a warehouse, there are typically forklifts and carts regularly moving boxes and crates of products past and near the RFID system. Hence, there is a likelihood that the exposed RFID components may be bumped, hit, or damaged during regular operation of the warehouse. Many times, an RFID system is tuned and an RFID antenna is set at a particular position and angle for optimum ability to read tags passing thereby. A movement or repositioning of such an antenna in a tuned system may reduce the performance of the system or even render the system inoperable. As the reliance on and usage of RFID tags and systems increases, the demand for rugged and reliable RFID systems is likely to increase. Hence, a need exists for an RFID system that provides increased protection of the RFID components in the system, but without significantly compromising the ability to tune the system, without significantly hindering the performance of the system, and without consuming a significant amount of warehouse space. Furthermore, it would be preferable to provide such a system without it being overly complex and expensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problems and needs outlined above may be addressed by embodiments of the present invention. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a radio frequency identification (RFID) system is provided, which includes one or more radio frequency antennas and a generally column-shaped structure. The generally column-shaped structure supports the antenna(s) therein. The structure includes a base portion, a frame portion, one ore more paddle portions, and an external body portion. The frame portion is attached to and supported by the base portion. The frame portion extends along a vertical axis of the structure. Each paddle portion is pivotably coupled to the frame portion. Each paddle portion supports one or more antennas attached thereto. The hollow and elongated external body portion is attached to and supported by the base portion. The external body portion extends along the vertical axis. The frame portion, the paddle portion(s), and the antenna(s) are located within the external body portion.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an RFID system is provided, which includes one or more radio frequency antennas and a generally column-shaped structure. The generally column-shaped structure supports the antenna(s) therein. The structure includes a base portion, a coupler member, a frame portion, one ore more paddle portions, and an external body portion. The frame portion is attached to and supported by the base portion. The frame portion extends along a vertical axis of the structure. The frame portion is adapted to pivot about the vertical axis with respect to the base portion. Each paddle portion is pivotably coupled to the frame portion. Each paddle portion is adapted to pivot about a horizontal axis. Each paddle portion supports one or more antennas attached thereto. The hollow coupler member is attached to the base portion. The hollow and elongated external body portion is attached to the base portion by the coupler member and extends along the vertical axis. The external body portion is supported by the base portion. The frame portion, the paddle portion(s), and the antenna(s) are located within the external body portion.

In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, an RFID system is provided, which includes one or more radio frequency antennas and a generally column-shaped structure. The generally column-shaped structure supports the antenna(s) therein. The structure includes a base portion and a cylindrical-shaped hollow external body portion. The external body portion extends along a vertical axis. The external body portion is supported by the base portion. The antenna is located within the external body portion.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a radio frequency identification (RFID) system is provided, which includes a radio frequency antenna and a generally column-shaped structure. The structure supports the antenna therein. The structure includes a base portion, a hollow external body portion, and a switch. The hollow external body portion is adapted to extend along a vertical axis and to be supported by the base portion when the structure is in a first configuration such that the antenna is located within the external body portion. The switch is located between the base portion and the external body portion when the structure is in the first configuration. In the first configuration of the structure, the external body portion is operably installed relative to the base portion, the antenna is located within the external body portion, the switch is in a first switch position, and based upon the switch being in the first switch position, the power supplied to the antenna during use is above a first predetermined level and below a second predetermined level. The second predetermined level is greater than the first predetermined level. The structure also has a second configuration in which at least part of the external body portion is farther from the base portion along the vertical axis than when the structure is in the first configuration, the switch is in a second switch position, and based upon the switch being in the second switch position, the power supplied to the antenna during use is at or below the first predetermined level.

In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a radio frequency identification (RFID) system is provided, which includes two or more radio frequency antennas and a generally column-shaped structure. The generally column-shaped structure supports the antennas therein. The generally column-shaped structure includes a hollow and elongated external body portion and two or more antenna support structures. The hollow and elongated external body portion extends along a vertical axis of the generally column-shaped structure. The two or more antenna support structures support the two or more antennas. The two or more antenna support structures are independently pivotable about the vertical axis within the body portion, such that the two or more antennas may be aimed in different directions.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of scanning radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is provided. This method includes the following steps described in this paragraph, and the order of steps may vary. 33. A set of items grouped together is passed through a portal. The items have RFID tags associated therewith. A generally column-shaped structure stands at the portal. The generally column-shaped structure includes a hollow and elongated external body portion extending along a vertical axis of the generally column-shaped structure, and a set of radio frequency antennas located within the external body portion. This set of antennas may include any number of antennas (e.g., 3, 4, 6, 8, etc.). The set of antennas is independently pivotable about the vertical axis. As the set of items is passed through the portal, at least part of the set of items is radiated at a first level with radio frequency energy using a first antenna of the set of antennas. The first antenna is positioned at a first angle relative to a reference point about the vertical axis. As the set of items is passed through the portal, at least part of the set of items is radiated at a second level with radio frequency energy using a second antenna of the set of antennas. The second antenna is positioned at a second angle relative to the reference point about the vertical axis. The second level differs from the first level, and the second angle differs from the first angle. As the set of items is passed through the portal, at least part of the set of items is radiated at a third level with radio frequency energy using a third antenna of the set of antennas. The third antenna is positioned at a third angle relative to the reference point about the vertical axis. The third level differs from the first and second levels, and the third angle differs from the first and second angles. The angles of the antennas relative to each other may be adjusted to correspond with the average velocity of the items passing through the portal in relation to the reader sequencing timing, so that each antenna is activated as the set of items is within the beam of that antenna.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method of controlling radiated power emitted from a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, is provided. This method includes the following steps described in this paragraph, and the order of steps may vary. The RFID system is operated while a generally column-shaped structure of the RFID system is in a first configuration such that radiated power emitted from the RFID system is at or below a predetermined wattage. The structure supports therein an antenna of the RFID system. The structure of the RFID system includes a base portion, a hollow external body portion, and a switch. The hollow external body portion is adapted to extend along a vertical axis and to be supported by the base portion when the structure is in the first configuration such that the antenna is located within the external body portion. The switch is located between the base portion and the external body portion when the structure is in the first configuration. The switch is in a first switch position when the structure is in the first configuration. When operating the RFID system while the structure is in the first configuration and the switch is in the first switch position, power provided to the antenna is above a first predetermined level and below a second predetermined level. The second predetermined level is greater than the first predetermined level. The RFID system is operated while the structure of the RFID system is in a second configuration such that radiated power emitted from the RFID system is at or below the predetermined wattage. In the second configuration, at least part of the external body portion is farther from the base portion along the vertical axis than when the structure is in the first configuration, the switch is in a second switch position, and based upon the switch being in the second switch position, the power supplied to the antenna during the operating of the RFID system is at or below the first predetermined level.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers are used herein to designate like or similar elements throughout the various views, illustrative embodiments of the present invention are shown and described. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in some instances the drawings have been exaggerated and/or simplified in places for illustrative purposes only. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the many possible applications and variations of the present invention based on the following illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 1–12illustrate various views for an RFID system30in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.FIGS. 1 and 2show a perspective view and a top view, respectively, of the first embodiment. InFIGS. 1 and 2, a generally column-shaped structure34of the RFID system30is shown, but some of the components located therein are not shown. There are several exposed components shown inFIG. 1that are located on the structure34and will be discussed further below. The structure34of the first embodiment has a base portion36, a hollow coupler member38, a hollow and elongated external body portion40, and a top end cap member42(see e.g.,FIGS. 1 and 2). The base portion36provides the foundation upon which the structure34is supported.

FIGS. 3–6show more details regarding the base portion36of the first embodiment.FIG. 3is a side view of a bottom portion of the structure34, with hidden parts of the base portion36shown in phantom lines for further illustration.FIG. 4is a top view of the base portion36.FIG. 5is a bottom view of the base portion36. The base portion36of the first embodiment has a base plate portion44. The base plate portion44preferably has holes46formed therethrough (see e.g.,FIGS. 1,2,4, and5), which may be used to bolt the base portion36to a floor, for example. In other embodiments the base plate portion44may not have such holes or the holes46may be positioned differently. In a preferred embodiment, the base plate portion44is formed from 0.5 inch thick steel plate material. In other embodiments, however, the base plate portion44may be made from any of a variety of suitable materials, including (but not limited to): wood, bonded particulate wood, paper, other metals, plastic, nylon composite, PVC, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and combinations thereof, for example. In the first embodiment, the base plate portion44is square with a width between about 20 inches and about 24 inches, as is currently preferred. In other embodiments, the thickness, shape, and dimensions of the base plate portion may vary.

As best shown inFIG. 4, the base portion36of the first embodiment has two cross members51that are bolted to the base plate portion44.FIG. 6is a cross-section view of the base portion36as taken along line6—6inFIG. 4. As shown inFIG. 6, it is preferred to provide countersinks54for the bolts used in fastening the cross members51to the base plate portion44. The countersinks54on the bottom of the base plate portion44are shown also inFIG. 5. Providing the countersinks54on the bottom of the base plate portion44allows the base plate portion44to sit flush on a flat floor surface to provide more stability for the structure34(i.e., more surface area of the base portion in contact with the floor). The countersinks54in the top of the cross members51are also shown inFIG. 4. InFIG. 3, a bottom support disc56for the frame portion60is shown rotatably coupled to the base portion36by a bolt through the center of the cross members51(and through the center of the base plate portion44). The frame portion60is not shown inFIG. 3, but is shown in other figures (see e.g.,FIGS. 7 and 8) and will be discussed further below. This bottom support disc56has a round disc shape (from a top view) and is preferably permitted to be rotated relative to the base portion36. The bottom support disc56sits on the cross members51and is vertically supported by the cross members51. Hence, the countersinks54in the top of the cross members51allow the bottom support disc56to sit flush on the cross members51, which enhances the support provided by the cross members51to the bottom support disc56(i.e., maximizing surface area of contact between the disc56and the cross members51).

The cross members51of the first embodiment are made from wood and preferably have a height of about 1.5 inches and a width of about 3.5 inches (i.e., “2-by-4” stud material). In other embodiments, the cross members51may be formed from a single piece or from more than two pieces. Also, the materials used for making the cross members51may be any suitable material, including (but not limited to): wood, paper, metal, plastic, nylon composite, PVC, and combinations thereof, for example. The overall of shape and dimensions of the cross members51may vary as well. It is preferred to retain some open space between the bottom support disc56and the base plate portion44, as this space may be used for routing wires and/or cables through the structure34. The bottom support disc56in the first embodiment is made from 0.5 inch thick medium density particle board (i.e., wood particulate-glue composite) and has a diameter of about 14.5 inches. In other embodiments, the thickness, shape, and dimensions of the bottom support disc56may vary, and the bottom support disc56may not be present in some embodiments (not shown). The bottom support disc56may be made from any of a variety of suitable materials, including (but not limited to): wood, paper, metal, plastic, nylon composite, PVC, and combinations thereof, for example.

In the first embodiment, a hollow coupler member38is attached to the base portion36(see e.g.,FIGS. 1,3, and4). The coupler member38is preferably fastened to the cross members51by screws (e.g., deck screws), as shown inFIG. 3. In other embodiments, the coupler member51may be attached to and retained in relationship with the base portion36in other ways (not shown), and the coupler member38may not be used in some embodiments (not shown). In the first embodiment, the coupler member38is made from 0.5 inch thick PVC with an outside diameter of about 17 inches. The coupler member38may be fabricated from a standard PVC sewer pipe coupler, for example. The coupler member38may be made from any of a variety of suitable materials, including (but not limited to): PVC, plastic, nylon composite, wood, paper, metal, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and combinations thereof, for example. In the first embodiment, the external body portion40is adapted to fit within the coupler member38, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 3. Hence in such case, the base portion36supports the external body portion40with the aid of and via the coupler member38, and the coupler member38is supported by the base portion36. The coupler member38may be considered part of the base portion36.

ReferringFIGS. 1–3, the hollow and elongated external body portion40extends along a vertical axis62of the structure34and is supported by the base portion36. In the first embodiment, the external body portion40is formed from standard PVC sewer pipe having an outside diameter of about 16 inches and having a thickness of about 0.5 inch. Such PVC pipe is rugged, durable, and inexpensive. In other embodiments, the external body portion40may be made from other suitable materials, including (but not limited to): plastic, nylon composite, wood, paper, metal, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and combinations thereof, for example. The external body portion40of the first embodiment has a cross-section shape perpendicular to the vertical axis62that is circular (see e.g.,FIG. 2), which is preferred. As discussed in more detail below, it is desirable to have the ability to rotate or pivot the frame portion60about the vertical axis62for tuning the system30. This may be useful where the base portion36has limited attachment positions to a floor and the frame portion60needs to be positioned at a different angle than the base portion36. Also, this provides a greater flexibility in installing the RFID system30and may make it easier to tune the system. Thus, the circular cross-section shape may provide the most flexibility for positioning the frame portion40about the vertical axis62with respect to the base portion36. In other embodiments (not shown), the range of rotational movement needed for the frame portion60relative to the base portion36may be limited, the frame portion60may be fixed in position (i.e., rotating the entire structure34to adjust angle about vertical axis), or there may not be a need for a frame portion60, for example. Hence, the cross-section shape of the external body portion40in other embodiments may be selected from a variety of shapes, including (but not limited to): a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a polygon, a rectangle, a square, a hexagon, an octagon, an arbitrary shape, and combinations thereof. The cross-section shape of the external body portion40need not be uniform along the vertical axis62.

As will be apparent from this disclosure, some of the main purposes served by the external body portion40may include (but are not necessarily limited to): providing protection for equipment within the structure, hindering or preventing movement of RF antenna(s) within the structure to maintain tuned position(s), protecting equipment within the structure from the environment, protecting equipment within the structure from pests (e.g., mice, rats, bugs) or animals (e.g., birds, squirrels), or combinations thereof, for example.

In the first embodiment, the external body portion40may not need any bolts, screws, or adhesive to hold it in place. The interfit between the external body portion40and the coupler member38may be sufficient to support the external body portion40(e.g., friction fit). In such case, the external body portion40may be removed without the use of tools. For some applications, it may be desirable to apply a sealant (e.g., silicon caulk) in the crack where the external body portion40and the coupler member38are fitted together to keep liquid and/or bugs from entering the interior of the structure34. As another alternative, tape or shrink wrap material may be applied over the crack. The structure34may be partially or completely sealed. Also, depending upon the options and features of an embodiment (e.g., external cameras, access doors, external speakers, external displays, etc.), the level of sealing achievable by an embodiment may vary. A structure34of an embodiment may be sealed sufficiently to withstand conditions such as: rain, water splashing, hose down, dust, indoor use, outdoor use, covered outdoor use, and possibly other environments where RFID tagging may be used. In accordance with NEMA Enclosure Type standards published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), an embodiment of the present invention may be configured and designed to meet various levels of protection under NEMA standards. For example, an embodiment of the present invention may achieve a NEMA Enclosure Type rating up to Type4, Type5, Type12, or combinations thereof.

Typically, it will be desirable to have the external body portion40removably attached to the base portion36so that the internal components may be accessed for maintenance or tuning the system30. In some applications, however, it may be desirable to permanently attach the external body portion40to the base portion36(e.g., using an adhesive). In either case, an embodiment may further include one or more access doors (see e.g.,FIG. 28discussed below) formed in the external body portion40for providing access to components therein.

As shown inFIGS. 1 and 2, a top end cap member42is removable attached to the external body portion40in the first embodiment.FIG. 11, which will be discussed further below, illustrates how the top end cap member42may fit over the top end of the external body portion40, both shown in phantom lines. Having a removable top end cap member42may be advantageous for accessing equipment within the structure34without the need for removing the external body portion40from the base portion36. In the first embodiment, the top end cap member42is a standard PVC sewer pipe end cap adapted to fit on PVC pipe with a 16 inch outside diameter. Again, such PVC material is rugged, durable, easy to obtain, and inexpensive. In other embodiments, the top end cap member42may be made from other suitable materials, including (but not limited to): plastic, nylon composite, wood, paper, metal, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and combinations thereof, for example. Although the top end cap member42of the first embodiment is adapted to fit over the top end of the external body portion40, in other embodiments (not shown) the top end cap member42may be configured differently. For example, the top end cap member42may be adapted to fit inside the top end of the external body portion40. The top end cap member42in the first embodiment is hollow, but in other embodiments (not shown) it may not have a hollow configuration. In another embodiment (not shown), the top end cap member42may be an integral part of the external body portion40, rather than a separate piece. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the top end cap member42may be permanently attached to the external body portion40(e.g., using an adhesive).

FIG. 7is a perspective view of the first embodiment showing in phantom lines a frame portion60, paddle portions68, and radio frequency antennas70located within the external body portion40of the structure34. These internal components are shown alone inFIG. 8. The frame portion60extends along the vertical axis62of the structure and is supported by the base portion36. For the first embodiment, the frame portion60is bolted to the bottom support disc56and this assembly is adapted to rotate or pivot about the vertical axis62with respect to the base portion36. In the first embodiment, the frame portion60is made from aluminum angle material, which may be welded and/or bolted together, for example. The frame portion60may be made from any of a variety of suitable materials, including (but not limited to): metal, plastic, wood, paper, PVC, nylon composite, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and any combination thereof, for example. Also, the layout and design of the frame portion60may vary from that shown in the first embodiment.

The paddle portions68are pivotably coupled to the frame portion60. In the first embodiment, each paddle portion68is adapted to pivot about a horizontal axis72, and an aluminum tube74extends horizontally along the horizontal axis72. The aluminum tube74is attached to the paddle portion68and pivots with the paddle portion68. Brackets76extend from the frame portion60and these brackets76have holes78formed therein, which are adapted for accepting the aluminum tube74therein (see e.g.,FIG. 8).FIGS. 9A and 9Bshow a bracket76from the first embodiment in more detail.FIG. 9Ais a top view of the bracket76along with a cross-section part of the frame portion60.FIG. 9Bis an end view of the bracket76ofFIG. 9A. In the first embodiment, the length of the aluminum tube74attached to the paddle portion68is about the same as or just slightly longer than the width of the frame portion60. This is a preferred configuration because it allows the paddle portion68to be removed from the brackets76easily for maintenance. Also, the distance P between the frame portion60and the pivot axis72of the paddle portion68may be optimized to allow for a larger range of pivotal movement of the paddle portion68with respect to the frame portion60and the interior walls of the external body portion40. In a preferred embodiment, for example, this distance P may be about 2 5/16 inches (2.3125 inches).

The paddle portion68may be made from any of a variety of suitable materials, including (but not limited to): acrylic, plastic, wood, paper, metal, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and combinations thereof, for example. Likewise, the tube74attached to the paddle portion68may be made from a variety of suitable materials, including (but not limited to): acrylic, plastic, wood, paper, metal, fiberglass composite, carbon-fiber composite, Kevlar composite, and combinations thereof, for example. Also, in other embodiments, the paddle portion68may be pivotably coupled to the frame portion60in other ways. In a preferred embodiment, the paddle portions68have dimensions allowing them to retain a wide variety of commercially available antennas70. Typically, the diameter of the external body portion40will be determined by or dependent upon the size of the paddle portions68(and width of frame portion60), which in turn typically depends on the size of the antennas70available or being used for a given application. For example, a preferred size of a paddle portion68may be about 12 inches by about 12 inches. It is also preferred to have the paddle portion68predrilled for multiple attachment points of multiple makes and models of antennas70. The RFID system30may be sold as a kit with just the structure34(e.g., base portion36, external body portion40, frame portion60, and paddle portions68), so that the customer can install most any antennas70and electrical components therein to complete the system30.

InFIG. 8, an RFID antenna70is attached to each paddle portion68. The wires/cables for the antennas70are not shown for purposes of simplifying the figures. Typically, it will be desirable to lock the position of the paddle portion68while or after tuning the system30.FIGS. 10A and 10Billustrate two ways, among many, that may be used to retain the position of the paddle portion68with respect to the frame portion60.

InFIG. 10A, an adjustable-length member80(a threaded rod with nuts in this case) extends between the paddle portion68and the frame portion60to retain the position of the paddle portion68. By varying the length of the member80, the angle of the paddle portion68, relative to the frame portion60, may be varied. The paddle portion68shown inFIG. 10Ais essentially the same as that of the first embodiment (seeFIG. 8), except that the paddle portion68is generally rectangular-shaped with round corners. This configuration of the paddle portion68, with round corners, may be preferred to allow a greater range of pivotal movement of the paddle portion68, where the paddle portion68abuts against the frame portion60and/or the inside of the external body portion40at the limits of the pivotal movement range.

InFIG. 10B, a set screw82extends through part of the frame portion60to engage against the tube74of the paddle portion68, and thus retaining the pivotal position of the paddle portion68relative to the frame portion60. InFIG. 10B, the frame portion60is made of solid plastic, the paddle portion68and its tube74are made from plastic, and the paddle portion68has an octagonal shape. Hence, the paddle portion68may have a variety of shapes, including (but not limited to): rectangular, generally rectangular with rounded corners, octagonal, polygonal, arbitrarily shaped, and combinations thereof, for example.

FIG. 11shows a side view for a top portion of the system30of the first embodiment with the external body portion40and the top end cap member42shown in phantom lines. Multiple tiers of horizontal platforms88are attached to the top of the frame portion60inFIG. 11. These platforms88may be considered part of the frame portion60of the structure34. Electrical components90are shown inFIG. 11being supported by the platforms88. The electrical components90may include a computer system (e.g., processor(s), memory storage device(s)), a wireless communication device, an RFID reader device, a battery, or combinations thereof, for example. Some or all of the electrical components90for the system30(other than the antennas70) may be located on the platforms88. The placement of the electrical components90at the top of the frame portion60and on these platforms88may be advantageous for maintenance because they may be accessed by simply removing the top end cap member42, rather than having to remove the external body portion40. The electrical components90of the system30may be positioned anywhere within the external body portion40for other embodiments and applications.FIG. 12is a sectional top view ofFIG. 11as taken along line12—12.FIG. 12shows that the platforms88are preferably round, but the platforms88may have other shapes in other embodiments. A series of poles94may be used to support one platform88upon on another platform88(seeFIGS. 11 and 12). These poles94also may be considered part of the frame portion60of the structure34.

The electrical components90used in an embodiment of the present invention may vary for different applications. In a preferred embodiment, the RFID system embodiment30includes a computer system and a wireless communication system for communicating data and information to a remotely located computer system. In some applications, vendors or other users of the RFID system30may be using a hand-held wireless unit (not shown). In such cases, the RFID system30embodiment may have the capability to communicate with the user's hand-held unit. Also in a the preferred embodiment, the only wire coming out of the structure34(e.g., at the base of the structure) is a power cord for plugging into a typical 110 V wall outlet. Hence in such case, the electrical power to the system30is all that is needed for installing the RFID system30and there is no need to route wires for communicating the data to and from the RFID system30. It may be required to encase the power cord, and/or other wires from the RFID system30, in a conduit (not shown) to meet building and/or safety code requirements.

The RFID system30may be “smart” (i.e., having most or all of the computer hardware and/or software within the external body portion40for driving the functions of the RFID system30. Alternatively, the RFID system30may rely on a nearby computer system (e.g., in an office, workstation, or kiosk) to provided some or all of the control, data storage, and/or other computations and functions.

In some applications, a warehouse or storage facility may not have electricity for the building. In such case the RFID system30may have a connection socket or a wire extending therefrom (not shown) adapted to be electrically connected to a vehicle (e.g., delivery truck) so that the RFID system30may be powered by the vehicle while the RFID system30is being used.

In some applications, it may be desirable to have a redundancy for the antennas70. The first embodiment is an example application of the present invention with dual antennas70for redundancy. For example, only one set of antennas70may be used at a time to avoid interference between the sets of antennas70. The first embodiment may also be used in an application where the transmitting antenna is separate from the receiving antenna (e.g., pitch-catch configuration), i.e., a transmitting antenna on one paddle portion and a corresponding receiving antenna on another paddle portion.

FIG. 13is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention. The frame portion60, paddle portions68, and antennas70are shown in phantom lines inFIG. 13, as they are located within the structure34. The second embodiment is essentially the same as the first embodiment, except that redundant antennas70are not used.FIG. 14is a front view showing part of the frame portion60for the second embodiment. There are many configurations of antennas and readers for use in RFID systems. In some configurations, the antenna70is a separate unit than the reader and they are electrically coupled via wires or cable(s). In the second embodiment, an antenna and a reader are built into a same unit70, and each paddle portion68has one antenna/reader unit70attached thereto. This may be a preferred configuration because there is no concern about the wire length between the antenna and the reader. When the antenna is housed in a unit separate from its corresponding reader, it is usually desirable to minimize the wire length between the antenna and the reader to provide the best performance.

FIG. 15is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention. The frame portion60, paddle portions68, reader100, and antennas70are shown in phantom lines inFIG. 15, as they are located within the structure34. In the third embodiment, the antennas70are housed separately from the reader100. In this case, a single reader unit100is used for both antennas70. In such case, it is preferred to mount the reader100in a central location (seeFIG. 15). This prevents the case where one antenna70is connected to the reader100by a much longer cable than that of another antenna70, which may cause difficulties in tuning the system30and/or a worse performance for the antenna70more distant from the reader100.FIG. 16is a front view showing part of the frame portion60for the third embodiment. The third embodiment also illustrates that the height of the structure34and number of antennas70used may vary for different embodiments to suit different applications. For example, if only pallets are going to be read by the system30, a shorter structure34with fewer antennas70may suffice. And if the system30will be used only to scan RFID tags on hand carts and/or pallets, then a mid-height structure34, such as the third embodiment shown inFIG. 15, may be sufficient for the application. Preferably, the first embodiment has a total height for the structure34of about 108 inches (i.e., typical dock door height), but other heights may be used. A preferred height for the third embodiment has a total height for the structure34of about 78 inches, and again, other heights may be used. A preferred height for a shorter structure34(e.g., for reading pallets) may be about 34 inches, for example. With benefit of this disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that there are a wide variety of dimensions and variations that an embodiment may have.

FIG. 17is a perspective view showing part of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment provides multi-directional (e.g., bi-directional) reading capabilities about the vertical axis62. A portion of the external body portion40is shown in phantom lines inFIG. 17and other portions of the fourth embodiment, which may be the same as on the first embodiment, are not shown for purposes of simplifying the drawings. In the fourth embodiment, each paddle portion68has its own frame portion60, and each of the frame portions60is adapted to pivot independently about the vertical axis62.FIG. 18shows an enlarged front view for two frame portions60of the fourth embodiment to illustrate the frame portions60in more detail. Preferably, the fourth embodiment has a single shaft or rod102that extends along the vertical axis62and couples the stack of frame portions60together. In other embodiments, however, there may not be a need for the rod102where one frame portion60is rotationally coupled to an adjacent frame portion60in another way (e.g., a bearing member).

FIG. 19is a perspective view showing part of a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The fifth embodiment provides bi-directional reading capabilities about the vertical axis62. A portion of the external body portion40is shown in phantom lines inFIG. 19and other portions of the fifth embodiment, which may be the same as on the first embodiment, are not shown for purposes of simplifying the drawings. The fifth embodiment is similar to the fourth embodiment shown inFIGS. 17 and 18. But in the fifth embodiment, vertically extending frame-connecting members111,112are used to link two or more frame portions60together. InFIG. 19, for example, a first set121of frame portions60are linked together by a first frame-connecting member111, where the first set121of frame portions60retain a first set of antennas70directed toward a first direction. And, a second set122of frame portions60are linked together by a second frame-connecting member112, where the second set122of frame portions60retain a second set of antennas70directed toward a second direction (the second direction being different than the first direction). The first set121of frame portions60may pivot about the vertical axis62with respect to the second set122of frame portions60, the base portion36, and the support discs56,126. Similarly, the second set122of frame portions60may pivot about the vertical axis62with respect to the first set121of frame portions60, the base portion36, and the support discs56,126. Also in the fifth embodiment, an extra support member130extends between and ties together an upper support disc126and a bottom support disc56. Hence, the first set121of frame portions60may be pivoted together about the vertical axis62and the second set122of frame portions60may be pivoted together about the vertical axis62. This may make it easier to tune the system30. Also, these frame-connecting members111,112and the extra support member130provide more structural stability for the frame portions60.

FIG. 20, illustrates an example use of embodiments of the present invention in a warehouse environment. A portion of a warehouse140is shown in top view inFIG. 20. The warehouse140has multiple dock doors144, which may be used for loading and unloading trucks with goods, for example. In this example application shown inFIG. 20, both single direction RFID system embodiments151and multi-directional RFID system embodiments152are used. An advantage of a multi-directional or bi-directional reading embodiment152(e.g., fourth and/or fifth embodiment) is that one RFID system30of the present invention may be placed between two dock doors144(seeFIG. 20) and provide reading of items coming through either or both adjacent doors144. Another advantage of an embodiment of the present invention is that an embodiment preferably has a small footprint area (e.g., 20 inches by 20 inches) so that the RFID system30is non-obtrusive and consumes little space. InFIG. 20, a cart155with tagged products156thereon is shown being moved past one of the RFID system embodiments151.

FIG. 21illustrates another example use of an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 21shows a top view for a portion of a conveyer system160. Such conveyer system160may be part of a production line and/or part of a sorting system. A tagged product156is shown moving along the conveyer system160inFIG. 21. As the product156moves along the conveyer system160, it moves past RFID system embodiments151of the present invention. Although only single directional embodiments151are shown inFIG. 21, multi-directional systems may be used as well. Thus, as a tagged product156moved past an RFID system embodiment151, the product tag may be scanned/detected and read by the system to identify and track the product or item moving along the conveyer system160.

Referring again toFIGS. 1 and 2, the first embodiment is shown with numerous communication systems attached thereto for use in communicating to persons using the RFID system30. None or any combination of these communication systems may be incorporated into an embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIGS. 1 and 2, the first embodiment has a first video camera161mounted on top of the top end cap member42. This first camera161may be used to monitor persons using the RFID system30and/or the environment near the RFID system. Camera(s) of the RFID system30also may be used for security purposes.

The first embodiment also has motion detector164for sensing movement near or at the RFID system30The motion detector164may be useful in an application where the RFID system30is only needed a few times per day or per week, for example, so that the RFID system30may conserve energy and other resources (e.g., memory, video recording media). The motion detector164also may be used to activate certain components of the RFID system30or the entire RFID system30. For example, the first camera161may only record when a person or object triggers the motion detector164to save on video image storage.

Still referring toFIGS. 1 and 2, the first embodiment has a second video camera162located at about a waist height (e.g., about 34 inches from floor), for example. The second video camera162is preferably able to capture more details (e.g., for use in dealing with returns and/or open cartons) than the first camera161. The interaction between the user and the RFID system30may be fully automated (no interaction with a person and/or the actions being recorded for later review) or the user may interact with a person at a remote location using the communication systems provided on the RFID system30(e.g., microphone, speaker, camera, touch screen, mouse, stylus, keyboard), for example. As an example, the second video camera162may be used to capture images of the contents of a box presented before the second camera162. Thus, the RFID system30of an embodiment may aid in or provide the means for an unattended (fully automated) check-in/check-out facility. A camera used in an embodiment may be analog, digital, motion, still, color, black-and-white, infrared, or combinations thereof, for example. Another communication system that may be used in an embodiment is an electronic display screen166(see e.g.,FIG. 1). A display screen166may be used to communicate messages to persons using the RFID system30, as it may display various things (e.g., text messages, numbers, codes, images, logos, or combinations thereof). The display screen166may be any of a variety of suitable display screens, including (but not limited to): a multiple LED display screen for static or scrolling messages, a computer monitor, an LCD, a thin panel computer screen, a CRT, a touch sensitive screen, or a television, for example. InFIG. 1, a curved scrolling text multiple LED screen is used for the display screen166, for example. The display screen166may be useful, for example, in applications where multiple vendors will be interacting with and using the RFID system30. The display screen166may be useful in communicating to the user that the RFID system30recognizes the vendor's identification and/or vendor's status or level of automated check-in capability.

The first embodiment also includes a microphone167and a speaker168for providing audible communications to a person (seeFIG. 1) (e.g., communicating with a person at a remote location, providing voice prompts to the user from the RFID system30). The first embodiment also has indicator lights170with multiple colors (e.g., red171, yellow172, and green173), which may be used to provide signals to a user of the RFID system30. For example, a green light173lit may be used to communicate to a user that the system30is ready. A yellow light172lit may be used to communicate that the user can perform the delivery but a manual reconciliation must be performed. And, a red light171lit may be used to communicate that the user that must contact a receiving clerk and have products manually checked, for example. Other colored lights and other numbers of indicator lights170may be used in other embodiments (not shown), and other meanings may be assigned to the indicator lights170.

As shown inFIG. 1, a sign176or signs posted on the external body portion40may be used to communicate advertisements, announcements, messages, notices, instructions, and/or warnings to users, for example. Furthermore, stickers and/or banners attached to an outside of the RFID system30may be used to communicate advertisements, announcements, messages, notices, instructions, and/or warnings to users, as another example communication system. Also, logos, advertisements, announcements, messages, notices, instructions, and/or warnings may be printed and/or painted on an outside of the RFID system30. For example, a sticker178with a company logo is shown attached to the external body portion40of the first embodiment inFIG. 1.

Even though not shown in the figures, material (e.g., EMF absorptive foam material) with the ability to absorb radio frequencies used by the RFID system30may be included within the external body portion40(e.g., behind and/or between antennas70) to reduce unwanted reflections of signals. For example, certain absorptive materials may provide about a 20 dB drop in the RF waves that impinge upon the absorptive material (e.g., to reduce or minimize unwanted backlobes and/or unwanted reflections).

Although the illustrative embodiments shown inFIGS. 1–21have an external body portion40with a cross-section shape (perpendicular to the vertical axis62) that is circular, the cross-section shape of the external body portion40may have any of a wide variety of suitable or desired shapes.FIGS. 22A–22Jshow some illustrative cross-section shapes that an external body portion40for an embodiment may have Oust a few examples). Cross-section shapes that are round, rounded, or have rounded corners are preferred for being less obstructive to objects passing thereby.

As another variation upon an embodiment of the present invention, the external body portion40may include multiple portions that together form the external body portion40. For example, as shown inFIG. 23, the external body portion40may include first and second vertically-extending portions181,182that are separable from each other. Although the structure34may be less rigid when the external body portion40is made up of two or more separable pieces, there may be advantages gained by having such a configuration. For example, it may be easier to assemble and disassemble the structure34for installation or maintenance. If one part of the external body portion40is damaged, the other parts of the external body portion may still be useable. This may be useful where a certain portion of the external body portion40is more prone to being hit for a particular application. Also, it may be desirable to have different parts of the external body portion40made from different materials. Referring again toFIG. 23, for example, the first vertically-extending portion181may be made of PVC and the second vertically-extending portion182may be made of a low-loss plastic material that has a very low dB drop (e.g., ½ dB drop) through it for the radio frequency waves used in a given RFID system30. In still other embodiments, it may be preferred to provide one or more windows of low-loss material positioned in front of the antennas70to optimize the performance of the RFID system30.

In a preferred embodiment, a switch200may be placed between the external body portion40and the base portion36to sense when the external body portion40has been removed from the base portion36(see e.g.,FIGS. 24A–24Cdiscussed below). Such a switch200may also be used to detect when a portion of the external body portion40is broken away or when the external body portion40is been partially removed, tilted, or lifted away from the base portion36. Such switch may be used to disable the system30and/or to trigger an alarm, for example.

Because the external body portion40(covering the antennas70) will typically absorb part of and diminish the strength of the radio frequency waves transmitted and received for the RFID system30, it may be desirable to increase the signal strength to the antennas70to compensate for such losses. For example, the power output from the antenna70may be increased so that there is a point on the outside surface of the external body portion40where the dB loss is effectively 0 dB (as if the antenna70was not covered). However, the power output radiated from the RFID system30should conform to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations (e.g., Part15requirements limiting to one watt of radiated power) to be operated legally. If the external body portion40is removed and the power is still boosted to the antennas70to compensate for the no longer present external body portion40, the system30would likely violate FCC regulations. Thus, it is preferred to use a switch (or sensor) that detects whether the external body portion40has been moved or removed (as discussed above).

FIGS. 24A–24Cshow various configurations for a lower portion of an embodiment of the present invention that incorporates the use of a switch200. Preferably, the switch200is electrically or communicably (e.g., optical, wireless) coupled to the antenna-driving equipment (e.g., electrical components90) so that the power provided to the antenna(s)70may be changed based upon a current switch position of the switch200.

InFIG. 24A, the structure34of the RFID system30is shown in a first configuration, which is the preferred configuration during operation of the RFID system30. In the first configuration, the external body portion40is operably installed (e.g., completely installed) relative to the base portion36, the antenna(s)70(not shown inFIGS. 24A–24C) are located within the external body portion40, and the switch200is in a first switch position. In this example, the switch toggle210is pressed down in the first switch position as the external body portion40engages against the switch toggle210. The RFID system30is preferably configured so that when the switch200is in the first switch position (see e.g.,FIG. 24A), the power supplied to the antenna(s)70during use is above a first predetermined level and is at or below a second predetermined level. This second predetermined level is preferably selected based upon providing an effective 0 dB loss from the external body portion40being in front of the antenna(s)70. In a preferred setup, the radiated power emitted from the RFID system30is at below a predetermined wattage. This predetermined wattage typically will be the maximum emitted wattage that the FCC (or some other governmental regulation agency or safety association) will allow. Thus, even though the antenna(s)70are covered by the external body portion40in the first configuration of the structure34(see e.g.,FIG. 24A), the power to the antenna(s)70may be increased (above the first predetermined level) to compensate for the attenuation of the radio frequency through the external body portion40.

InFIGS. 24B and 24C, the structure of the RFID system30is shown in a second configuration. In the second configuration, at least part of the external body portion40is farther from the base portion36along the vertical axis62than when the structure34is in the first configuration. In the second configuration of the structure34, the switch200is in a second switch position, which is different than the first switch position. Preferably, the first switch position provides an “on” configuration for the switch200and oppositely the second switch position provides an “off” configuration for the switch200, or vice versa. For example, inFIG. 24Bthe external body portion40is lifted slightly from the base portion36, and inFIG. 24Cthe external body portion40has been removed from the base portion36. In this example, the switch toggle210is depressed in the second switch position when the external body portion40does not engage against the switch toggle210. The RFID system30is preferably configured so that when the switch200is in the second switch position (see e.g.,FIGS. 24B and 24C), the power supplied to the antenna(s)70during use is at or below a first predetermined level. This first predetermined level is preferably selected based upon providing a radiated power emitted from the RFID system that is at or below the predetermined wattage when the external body portion40is completely removed. Again, this predetermined wattage will typically be the maximum emitted wattage that the FCC (or some other governmental regulation agency or safety association) will allow. Thus, the switch200may be used to ensure that the power emitted from the RFID system30does not exceed the allowable wattage when the external body portion40is (or is assumed to be) removed (i.e., when the switch200is not in the first switch position). Configuring the RFID system30with a switch200to control the radiated power emitted during use should ensure that the system30will still meet FCC requirements when attempting to boost the antenna power to compensate for the attenuation through the external body portion40.

Although a mechanically-actuated toggle210is shown for the switch200inFIGS. 24A–24C, as an example, any other suitable switching device may be used as well, including (but not limited to): a photosensor switch, an optically-triggered switch, a pressure-sensitive switch, a pressure-actuated switch, a magnetically-actuated switch, an electrically-actuated switch, a motion-detection switch, other mechanically actuated switches, and combinations thereof, for example. With the benefit of this disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will likely realize many possible switches that may be used in an embodiment of the present invention. Also, the number of switches used in an embodiment may vary (e.g., one, two, three, etc.).

FIG. 25shows an illustrative embodiment of the present invention having a riser platform portion188as part of the base portion36or attached below the base portion36. The riser platform portion188may be made from diamond-grid sheet metal formed and welded to form the appropriate shape, for example. OSHA standards require forklifts to keep there forks lower than 8 inches while driving and/or carrying a load from one location to another. Thus, a riser platform portion188added to or as part of an embodiment of the present invention may be advantageous in providing a strong and protective base for the RFID system30(i.e., to protect against encounters with crates and/or forklift forks). Preferably the riser platform portion188has a height of about 8 inches or more, especially where the RFID system30will be used in an environment in close proximity to fork lift paths.

When a riser platform portion188is used, as shown inFIG. 26, it may be desirable to route wiring and cables190to and from the RFID system30through the riser platform portion188. InFIG. 26, a conduit192extending from above (e.g., routed from the ceiling) extends down to the RFID system30. In some applications (not shown), the conduit192may be routed to and affixed to a top portion of the structure34(e.g., attached to the top end cap member42) and then routed into the structure34. The conduit192is routed into a side of the riser portion188inFIG. 26. The wiring190(shown in dashed line) then extends through a bottom of the base portion36into the structure34. One advantage of such a wire/cable routing scheme is that it may allow for the RFID system30to be sealed more easily or more effectively. As discussed above, an RFID system30may be used in an environment that is hosed down regularly or exposed to water splashing during other regular cleaning or when it is raining and the RFID system30is near a dock door opening to the outside, for example. In such case, the conduit192, the riser platform portion188, and the lower part or the entirety of the structure34may be sealed (e.g., with silicon caulk) to prevent liquids from entering the inside of the structure34. Thus, the structure34may protect the antennas and other associated electrical equipment from the elements and environment outside of and surrounding the RFID system30. This is yet another advantage that may be provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27illustrates a top view of a bottom support disc56of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention (see e.g., support disc56shown inFIGS. 8,14, and16–19). In the bottom support disc56ofFIG. 27has a generally semi-circular slot194formed therein for providing pivotal adjustment relative to the base portion36.

FIG. 28shows a structure34for an RFID system30of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, which has access openings196and access doors198. The size, number, and placement of access openings may vary. The arrangement shown inFIG. 28is a preferred arrangement for providing access openings196into the structure34for several reasons. By separating the accesses openings196along the length of the structure34and leaving rib portions200between the access openings196, the structure34better retains its original shape (i.e., shape prior to forming the access openings196). This is especially beneficial when the structure34is made from PVC, plastic, or other similar materials that have a tendency to deform after cutting access holes196therein. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 28, the access doors198are adapted to fit over the access openings196and rest upon recessed extensions202remaining within the access openings196. These recessed extensions202may be formed by thinning a sidewall portion of the structure34, for example. The access openings196may be placed at locations where antennas, and/or other components that may need to be accessed during installation, adjustment, and/or maintenance of the system30, so that such components may be accessed easier and/or faster. After the system30is installed and adjusted for service, the access openings196covered by the access doors198may be sealed (e.g., using silicon caulk and/or gaskets) to hinder or prevent liquids or other contaminants from entering into the structure34.

FIGS. 29A–33illustrate various aspects of another preferred and illustrative embodiment of the present invention.FIGS. 29A and 29Bshow various views of a generally V-shaped bracket204that may be used to retain an antenna70and/or a paddle portion68. The brackets204ofFIGS. 29A and 29Bmay be used as frame portions60or as an alternative to the frame portions60shown inFIGS. 17–19, for example. Preferably, the bracket204has threaded holes206adapted to receive set screws82, which may be used to retain a position of a paddle portion68and/or antenna70about a horizontal axis72. Also shown inFIGS. 29A and 29Bare attachment holes208that may be used for attaching the bracket204to a rod102. The paddle portions68may be attached using attachment holes210.

FIG. 30shows a side view of three brackets204being used as a frame portion for supporting a set of antennas70. InFIG. 3, the paddle portions68and the antennas70are shown in dashed lines and transparent to better illustrate the other portions of the frame structure. The brackets204are each independently attached to a rod102(in the same way that the frame portions60ofFIGS. 17 and 19extend from a rod102), where the rod102is supported by a bottom support disc56, an extra support member130, and a top support disc126(see e.g., inFIGS. 17 and 19, but not shown inFIG. 30for simplifying the drawings). Each of the brackets204may be pivoted independently of the rod102.

FIG. 31is a top view showing two of the brackets204supporting antennas70facing opposite directions. Note that with the brackets204being generally V-shaped, the brackets204may be pivoted further without interfering with the extra support130(when used), as compared to a bracket or frame portion60that extends straight from the attachment point at the rod102. Also, the generally V-shape allows for antennas70facing opposite directions, and that are overlapping at their level of placement along the rod102, to be pivoted to some extent (e.g., about 15–45 degrees) before interfering with each other. Note that inFIGS. 31 and 32, the external body portion40and other portions of the system30are not shown for purposes of simplifying the drawings.

FIGS. 32 and 33are top views of the three brackets204and antennas70ofFIG. 30, but with each of the antennas70aimed in different directions. Having the capability of aiming each antenna70in a different direction may be advantageous in numerous applications.FIG. 33illustrates an application where having the antennas70positioned at different angles about the vertical axis62is helpful. InFIG. 33, a crate220stacked high with a set of RFID-tagged items222is shown at different positions as it moves past an RFID system30through a portal. If such crate220is being carried by a forklift, for example, and traveling at a speed of more than about 6 miles per hour, for example, and if the antennas are all aimed at a same angle about the vertical axis62, then it becomes difficult to scan all of the RFID tags on the whole stack as the set of items222passes through the portal. The reason for this difficulty is that there is a latency time between the use of each antenna70at each level (e.g., about 112 ms). Thus, in such case, the first and/or last activated antennas may not sufficiently scan all of the items222. RFID tags outside of the antenna's beam223may not be sufficiently energized to reflect its signal. By placing the antennas70at different angles about the vertical axis62, as shown inFIG. 33for example, the antennas70may be fired in sequence as the crate220of RFID-tagged items222pass to account for the velocity of the items222relative to the RFID system30. InFIG. 3, the designations1,2, and3are used to illustrate the timing sequence of using the antennas70relative to the movement of the crate220of RFID-tagged items222. The arrow224inFIG. 33indicates the direction of movement of the crate220of items222. This sequence may be reversed for items passing the RFID system30in the opposite direction.

Even though the frame portions60of the illustrative embodiments shown herein extend from the base portion36along the vertical axis62, in other embodiments (not shown), there may not be a frame portion60(e.g., antennas70attached to the inside of and supported by external body portion40) or the frame portion(s)60may be attached to the inside of and supported by the external body portion40, for example. With the benefit of this disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art may realize many other different or equivalent structural configurations for an embodiment of the present invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims.