Apparatus for the granulating of plastic material with axial adjustment of the cutting head

Apparatus for granulating plastic materials which comprises a housing adapted for connection to a granulating hood and including a knife shaft supporting a knife head having cutting knives proximate a perforated plate of an extruder. The knife shaft is mounted for axial displacement by a bearing sleeve which can be actuated by a hydraulic cylinder unit. In order to operate the cutting knives at an adjustable distance from the perforated plate or with constant pressing force, the bearing sleeve is displaceably supported in the housing in a bore which receives the knife shaft, and one end of the bearing sleeve bears against a compression spring which in turn bears against the housing to oppose advance of the knife shaft towards the perforated plate.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to apparatus for granulating plastic 
materials and particularly to apparatus comprising a housing adapted to be 
connected to a granulating hood, a knife shaft which supports a knife head 
having cutting knives, said shaft being mounted in the housing by means of 
anti-friction bearings in a bearing sleeve and being displaceable 
longitudinally together with said sleeve by a hydraulic-cylinder unit; and 
a support arm engaging the bearing sleeve. 
DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART 
Such granulating apparatus is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,271,821. Therein, 
the knife shaft which is displaceable along its longitudinal axis and 
mounted for rotation in the housing is moved by hydraulic-cylinder units 
toward the perforated plate of a plastic extruder so as to bring the 
cutting knives fastened to the knife head into cutting position, i.e. 
bearing against the perforated plate. 
The extensive contact of the cutting knives with the cutting surface, which 
in operating condition is obtained continuously under tension, is produced 
by compression springs in the knife head which is movable in a 
longitudinal axial direction with respect to the knife shaft. 
The non-rigid guidance of the knife head with respect to the drivable knife 
shaft and increased wear of the perforated plate produced by the 
uncontrollable pressing force of the cutting knives constitute 
disadvantages of the apparatus. Additionally, cutting cannot be effected 
with the cutting knives spaced from the perforated plate in the event that 
this is desired. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
An object of the invention is to provide granulating apparatus whose 
cutting knives can be operated both under constant uniformly adjustable 
pressing force or at an adjustable distance from the perforated plate. 
The above and further objects of the invention are achieved by a 
construction in which the bearing sleeve is displaceably mounted in a bore 
in the housing which receives the knife shaft and the bearing sleeve is 
acted on at one end by a compression spring which is concentric to the 
knife shaft as supported in the housing to oppose advance of the knife 
head towards the perforated plate of the extruder. 
The advance of the knife shaft effected by the hydraulic-cylinder unit 
takes place increasingly under load as a function of a given path of 
displacement so that after the operating region of the knives on the 
perforated plate has been reached there is obtained the fully latently 
active force of advance, which is adjustable on the basis of a pressure 
regulating device, but compensated for by the force of deformation of the 
compression spring. In this way, there is obtained a continuous, uniform 
feeding movement of the knife head in the longitudinal axial direction. 
The cutting knives of the knife head can, in accordance herewith, 
granulate effectively within a work region which can be fixed in each case 
at an exact distance from the perforated plate. Due to the equalizing 
action of the forces within the work region, the knife shaft assumes a 
working position which is substantially free of oscillations. Furthermore, 
the knife shaft can be adjusted to bring the cutting knives against the 
perforated plate and the pressing force of the cutting knives against the 
perforated plate can be exactly determined within a limited adjustment 
range as a function of the further feed path. The pressing force results 
from the relative pressing force of the hydraulic-cylinder unit after the 
spring force has been overcome. In this way a weak resilient contact of 
the cutting knives against the perforated plate is assured in any resting 
position within the adjustable working region. 
In further accordance with the invention, the bearing sleeve is connected 
in force-locked manner with the support arm by abutment members having 
lenticular surfaces acting on the end of said bearing sleeve opposite the 
compression spring at equal distances from the axis of the knife shaft. 
Thereby the introduction of the force for the displacement movement of the 
bearing sleeve takes place axially and guidance is achieved which is 
substantially free from canting. The central introduction of the force is 
advantageous as regards the life of the axial bearings which support the 
knife shaft. 
In further accordance with the invention, the support arm is pivotally 
connected by a spherical bearing to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 
unit and, opposite the point of attachment thereof, to a bearing support 
which is rigidly connected to the housing. Consequently, the action of 
transverse forces on the bearing sleeve and the hydraulic cylinder unit is 
prevented so that a uniform feeding of the knife shaft is obtained. 
In accordance with yet another feature of the invention the bearing sleeve 
is connected to the support arm by a spacer sleeve which encloses the 
anti-friction bearing, said spacer sleeve supporting a shoulder ring which 
rides in a recess at the periphery of the housing and, said spacer sleeve 
and the housing limiting the path of displacement of the bearing sleeve 
with respect to the housing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
The granulating apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a housing 1 in which is 
a rotatable knife shaft 2 to which is secured a knife head 3 having 
cutting knives 4. The cutting knives 4 define a cutting surface 5 which is 
located in front of the surface of a perforated plate 39 (not shown in 
detail) of an extruder. The knife head 3 is attached directly on the knife 
shaft 2 by means of a clamping plate 33 and a fastening screw 6. The 
housing 1 is secured by bolts to a water-conducting granulating hood 7, 
shown only in outline, in which the granulate which has been formed is 
collected in a collecting chamber and conveyed away in known manner. 
The knife shaft 2, which extends along a bore 8 in the housing 1, is driven 
in rotation by a shaft journal 9. The knife shaft is rotatably supported 
in anti-friction bearings 10 and 10' respectively which are surrounded, 
within the housing 1, by a spacer sleeve 14 and a closure disk 34 
respectively. 
In order to be able to displace the knife shaft 2 axially, as indicated by 
the arrows 35, a longitudinally displaceable bearing sleeve 11 is arranged 
in bore 8 and receives the knife shaft 2 by means of the anti-friction 
bearing 10 which abuts against a shoulder 12 of the knife shaft. The 
anti-friction bearing 10 also abuts against a shoulder 13 of the bearing 
sleeve 11 and is held in place by means of a spacer sleeve 14, which is 
attached to the bearing sleeve 11 by fastening screws 15. A clamping 
sleeve 36, which is fastened on the knife shaft 2 by lock nuts 37, holds 
the anti-friction bearing 10 in position. 
A clearance 22, representing a maximum displacement path, is formed between 
surface 16 of housing 1 and the spacer sleeve 14 and corresponds to the 
maximum range of axial adjustment of the cutting knives 4. The 
displacement of sleeve 14 is guided by a shoulder ring 18 which is rigidly 
connected to the spacer sleeve 14 and is displaceable in a recess 38 
formed in the outer surface of the housing 1. 
A forward movement of the bearing sleeve 11 with the spacer sleeve 14 is 
effected against the force of a compression spring 25 which rests in a 
recess 26 of the bore 8 and bears against an end 27 of the bearing sleeve 
11. 
The forward movement is effected through a support arm 17 by a hydraulic 
cylinder unit 19 shown in FIG. 2. For this purpose, the cylinder unit 19 
is rigidly attached to the housing 1 and a piston rod 20 of unit 19 is 
connected to the support arm 17 by a spherical bearing 21 consisting of a 
bearing bushing 30 and a bearing body 31. At the other end of the support 
arm 17 is a spherical bearing 21', constructed in the same manner as 
bearing 21, and by which the support arm 17 is pivotally connected to a 
bearing support 23 which is rigidly connected to the housing 1. 
The transmission of force from the hydraulic cylinder unit 19 to the spacer 
sleeve 14 takes place via the support arm 17 by further abutments 24 which 
are secured to the arm 17 in such a manner as to be carried along with the 
arm. The abutments 24 have convex, lenticular surfaces which come into 
contact with corresponding concave surfaces of abutments on the spacer 
sleeve 14. The abutments 24 are located at equal distances from the axis 
of the knife shaft to assure that forces will be applied axially to the 
bearing sleeve which will travel without canting. 
In the condition of rest, i.e. with cylinder unit 19 relieved of load in 
the operating direction of the knife shaft 2, as shown in FIG. 2, the 
compression spring 25 effects retractio of the knife shaft 2, and thus of 
the knife head 3, by an amount equal to the clearance 22 with the bearing 
sleeve 11 resting against the spacer sleeve 14. 
In the operating condition, the hydraulic-cylinder unit 19 applies a force 
in the working direction of the knife shaft 2 against the opposition of 
compression spring 25 via the bearing sleeve 11 to take-up clearance 22 
while the knife shaft 2 remains free of load. 
A pressure-regulating device 29 which monitors the hydraulic-cylinder unit 
19 is arranged in front of a control valve 32 in a feed line 28 for the 
cylinder unit 19 and pressure-regulating device 29 is adjusted to produce 
a fixed magnitude of displacement to position the knife head 3 at a 
desired distance from the perforated plate 39 when the cutting of the 
granulate is to be effected at a distance from the plate 39. 
If it is desired to effect the cutting of the granulate directly by 
pressing the cutting knives 4 against the perforated plate 39, the knife 
shaft 2 is advanced by the hydraulic cylinder unit 19 against the bearing 
sleeve 11 until the cutting knives 4 come up against the perforated plate 
39 so that the axial longitudinal movement of the knife shaft 2 comes to a 
halt. Upon a slight further advance of the bearing sleeve 11, the knife 
shaft 2, and thus the knife head 3 and cutting knives 4, are subjected to 
an initial stress which is effective as a knife application force and 
which results from the difference between the hydraulic force of advance 
of the cylinder unit 19 over the adjustable pressure-regulating device 29 
and the effective force of the compression spring 25. 
In this way, a resilient application of the cutting knives 4 against the 
perforated plate 39 is obtained in simple fashion, so that granulate can 
be cut under constant conditions over the entire cutting surface 5. An 
advance of the cutting knives 4 takes place automatically upon wear of the 
knives by displacement of the entire knife shaft 2. The cutting knives 4 
accordingly operate substantially free of oscillation. 
Although the invention has been described in relation to a specific 
embodiment thereof, numerous modifications and variations can be made 
within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the attached 
claims.