Bell and a method of designing a bell

A bell including an outside surface, inside surface, lip at the bottom of the bell, sound bow above the lip, waist above the sound bow; above the waist a shoulder having a diameter equal to: 0.55*LD ±5%, and crown at the top of the bell above the shoulder; wherein a portion of the inside surface generally adjacent the shoulder has a first end at or near the crown; a second end at or near the waist and a inflection point generally in-between the first and second ends; as the inside surface portion extends away from the first end towards the point of inflection, the portion extends away from the crown more than it extends towards the outside surface; and as the inside surface portion extends towards the second end from the point of inflection, the portion extends towards the outside surface more than it extends away from the crown.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a U.S. Application which claims priority to GB1817223.9, filed Oct. 23, 2018, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

This specification discloses a bell and a method of designing a bell. The specification also discloses a plurality of such bells, a carillon including such bells, moulds for making such bells and a CAD file for storing the design of such a bell.

BACKGROUND

Bells have been made and used for millennia. They are often used in ceremonies; to mark times of the day; and are also used as musical instruments. One such musical instrument is called a carillon. A carillon is a musical instrument which is typically housed in a bell tower of a church or municipal building. A carillon typically includes at least 23 bells which are struck by clappers. The clappers are operated by a set of keys, called batons, which are connected to the clappers by a series of levers and wires. The bells in a carillon range in size to produce the different notes necessary to form a musical tune. A problem associated with this is that the smaller bells are not as loud as the larger bells and thus cannot be heard as clearly as the larger bells.

Bells produce more than one frequency when they are struck, five of which are the most dominant. A more pleasing sound profile for the bell can be achieved by ensuring that each of these frequencies can be heard. However, these frequencies are often out of tune with the dominant frequency and thus many bells are designed to prevent the other frequencies from sounding. By out of tune, we mean that the frequencies of the bell are not harmonically tuned meaning that the frequencies produced by the bell do not harmonise with each other. Thus, a problem associated with existing bells is making a bell which includes the five frequencies and which are harmonised and which can be heard.

It is a non-exclusive object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or both of these problems.

SUMMARY

There is provided a bell including:an outside surface which defines an exterior of the bell;an inside surface which defines an interior of the bell;a lip positioned at a bottom of the bell;a sound bow positioned above the lip;a waist positioned above the sound bow;a shoulder positioned above the waist, having a shoulder diameter; anda crown positioned at a top of the bell above the shoulder;wherein a portion of the inside surface generally adjacent the shoulder has a first end at or near the crown; a second end at or near the waist and a point of inflection generally in-between the first and second ends;wherein as the portion of the inside surface extends away from the first end towards the point of inflection the portion extends away from the crown more than it extends towards the outside surface;wherein as the portion of the inside surface extends towards the second end from the point of inflection the portion extends towards the outside surface more than it extends away from the crown;and wherein the shoulder diameter (SD) is equal to:
SD=0.55*LD ±5%.

There is also provided a bell including:an outside surface which defines an exterior of the bell;an inside surface which defines an interior of the bell;a lip positioned at a bottom of the bell;a sound bow positioned above the lip;a waist positioned above the sound bow;a shoulder positioned above the waist; anda crown positioned at a top of the bell above the shoulder;wherein a portion of the inside surface generally adjacent the shoulder has a first end at or near the crown; a second end at or near the waist and a point of inflection generally in-between the first and second ends;wherein as the portion of the inside surface extends away from the first end towards the point of inflection the portion extends away from the crown more than it extends towards the outside surface;wherein as the portion of the inside surface extends towards the second end from the point of inflection the portion extends towards the outside surface more than it extends away from the crown;and wherein a thickness of the shoulder, measured on a horizontal axis from the outside surface to a central axis of the bell passing through the point of inflection is at least 10% of the shoulder diameter.

The point of inflection may be positioned substantially halfway between the first and second ends.

The portion between the first end and the point of inflection may extend curvilinearly away from the first end inwardly away from the outside surface.

The portion between the point of inflection and the second end may extend curvilinearly away from the point of inflection inwardly away from the outside surface.

The portion between the first end and the point of inflection may extend linearly away from the first end.

The portion between the point of inflection and the second end may extend linearly away from the point of inflection.

The shoulder may have a shoulder diameter; andwherein a thickness of the shoulder, measured on a horizontal axis from the outside surface to a central axis of the bell, may be at least:10%;12%;14%;16%;18%;20%;22%; or24% of the shoulder diameter; and/or at most:30%;28%;26%; or24% of the shoulder diameter.

The horizontal axis may pass through the point of inflection.

There is also provided a method of designing a bell, the bell including:a lip having a lip diameter (LD) positioned at a bottom of the bell;a shoulder having a shoulder diameter (SD); anda crown positioned at a top of the bell having a crown height (CH);the bell having a total perpendicular height (TPH) measured from the lip to the crown;wherein the method includes the steps of:choosing a strike frequency for the bell;choosing the lip diameter for the bell based on the desired strike frequency; andcalculating the total perpendicular height (TPH) of the bell using the following formula:
TPH=0.8146*LD −26.124

The method may further include the step of varying the total perpendicular height to optimise one or more of the following:-a hum frequency of the bell;a strike frequency of the bell;a tierce frequency of the bell;a quint frequency of the bell;a nominal frequency of the bell.

The total perpendicular height may be within ±5.00%; ±4.00%; ±3.00%; ±2.00%; or ±1.00% of the total perpendicular height calculated using the formula.

The method may further include the step of determining the crown height using the following formula:
CH=0.0807*TPH−0.0026

The method may further include the step of varying the crown height to optimise one or more of the following:-a hum frequency of the bell;a strike frequency of the bell;a tierce frequency of the bell;a quint frequency of the bell;a nominal frequency of the bell.

The crown height may be within ±32.00%; ±29.00%; ±28.00%; ±20.00%; ±10.00%; ±5.00%; ±4.00%; or ±3.95% of the crown height determined using the formula.

The bell may have a mouth diameter which is substantially the same as the lip diameter.

The lip diameter may be at most:420 mm;400 mm; or380 mm.

The method may further include the step of varying the shoulder diameter to optimise one or more of the following:-a hum frequency of the bell;a strike frequency of the bell;a tierce frequency of the bell;a quint frequency of the bell;a nominal frequency of the bell.

There is also provided a method of designing a bell, the bell including:a lip having a lip diameter (LD) positioned at a bottom of the bell;a shoulder having a shoulder diameter (SD); anda crown positioned at a top of the bell having a crown height (CH);the bell having a total perpendicular height (TPH) measured from the lip to the crown;wherein the method includes the steps of:-choosing a strike frequency for the bell;choosing the lip diameter for the bell based on the desired strike frequency wherein the lip diameter is at least 250 mm; andcalculating the shoulder diameter using the following formula:
SD=0.5490*LD−0.0024

The shoulder diameter may be within ±5.00%; ±4.75%; ±3.00%; ±2.00%; ±1.15%; ±1.00%; ±0.50%; ±0.20%; or ±0.05% of the shoulder diameter determined using the formula.

This method may include one or more or all of the features of the other methods and bells.

There is also provided a bell including:a lip having a lip diameter (LD) positioned at a bottom of the bell;a shoulder having a shoulder diameter (SD); anda crown positioned at a top of the bell having a crown height (CH);the bell having a total perpendicular height (TPH) measured from the lip to the crown;wherein the lip diameter (LD) is at least 250 mm; andthe shoulder diameter (SD) is equal to:
SD=(0.5490*LD−0.0024)±1.00%

This bell may include one or more or all of the features of the other methods and bells.

There is also provided a method of designing a bell, the bell including:a lip having a lip diameter (LD) positioned at a bottom of the bell;a shoulder having a shoulder diameter (SD); anda crown positioned at a top of the bell having a crown height (CH);the bell having a total perpendicular height (TPH) measured from the lip to the crown;wherein the method includes the steps of:-choosing a strike frequency for the bell;choosing the lip diameter for the bell based on the desired strike frequency; andcalculating the shoulder diameter (SD) of the bell using the following formula:
SD=0.5764*LD

The shoulder diameter may be within ±5.00%; ±4.75%; ±3.00%; ±2.00%; ±1.15%; ±1.00%; ±0.50%; ±0.20%; or ±0.05% of the shoulder diameter determined using the formula.

The lip diameter may be at most 250 mm.

A waist of the bell may be positioned between the shoulder and the lip and a thickness of the waist, measured in a direction from an outside surface of the bell to a central axis of the bell, may be less than a thickness of the shoulder.

This method may include one or more or all of the features of the other methods and bells.

There is also provided a bell including:a lip having a lip diameter (LD) positioned at a bottom of the bell;a shoulder having a shoulder diameter (SD);a crown positioned at a top of the bell having a crown height (CH); anda total perpendicular height (TPH) measured from the lip to the crown;wherein the shoulder diameter (SD) is equal to:
SD=(0.5764*LD)±5.00%

This bell may include one or more or all of the features of any of the other methods and bells.

There is also provided a bell including:an outside surface which defines an exterior of the bell;an inside surface which defines an interior of the bell;a lip positioned at a bottom of the bell;a sound bow positioned above the lip;a waist positioned above the sound bow;a shoulder positioned above the waist; anda crown positioned at a top of the bell above the shoulder;wherein a portion of the inside surface generally adjacent the shoulder has a first end at or near the crown; a second end at or near the waist and a point of inflection or a midpoint generally in-between the first and second ends;wherein as the portion of the inside surface extends away from the first end towards the point of inflection or midpoint the portion extends away from the crown more than it extends towards the outside surface; andas the portion of the inside surface extends towards the second end from the point of inflection or midpoint the portion extends towards the outside surface more than it extends away from the crown.

The point of inflection or midpoint may be positioned substantially halfway between the first and second ends.

The portion between the first end and the point of inflection or midpoint may extend curvilinearly away from the first end inwardly away from the outside surface.

The portion between the point of inflection or midpoint and the second end may extend curvilinearly away from the point of inflection or midpoint inwardly away from the outside surface.

The portion between the first end and the point of inflection or midpoint may extend linearly away from the first end.

The portion between the point of inflection or midpoint and the second end may extend linearly away from the point of inflection or midpoint.

The shoulder may have a shoulder diameter; and a thickness of the shoulder, measured on a horizontal axis from the outside surface to a central axis of the bell, may be at least:10%;12%;14%;16%;18%;20%;22%; or24% of the shoulder diameter; and/or at most:30%;28%;26%; or24% of the shoulder diameter.

This bell may include one or more or all of the features of any of the other methods and bells.

There is also provided a plurality of bells including a bell made in accordance with any one of the bells described.

There is also provided a carillon including one or more bells in accordance with any one of the bells described.

There is also provided a carillon including a plurality of bells in accordance with the bells described.

There is also provided a mould for a bell in accordance with the bells described.

There is also provided a CAD file for a bell in accordance with the bells described.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the figures there is shown a cross-section profile of a first embodiment of a bell10in accordance with the present disclosure. For the sake of simplicity embodiments of the disclosure are described with reference toFIG. 1, though it should be appreciated that the description regardingFIG. 1applies toFIGS. 2 to 36unless expressly stated otherwise.

The bell10has an outside surface12which defines the overall shape of the bell10and an inside surface14. The inside surface14defines a recess32in which air resonates to transmit the sound characteristic of the bell10.

The bell10is split into various parts. At a bottom of the bell10is positioned a lip16. The lip16connects the outside and inside surfaces12,14. A mouth34of the bell10is defined by the lip16. The bell10also includes a sound bow18, a waist20, a shoulder22and a crown24.

The sound bow18is positioned above the lip16and is defined between the outer and inner surfaces12,14. The waist20is positioned above the sound bow18and is defined between the outer and inner surfaces12,14. The shoulder22of the bell10is positioned above the waist20and is defined between the outer and inner surfaces12,14. The crown24is positioned above the shoulder22and defines the top of the bell10.

The outer surface12of the bell10extends generally upwardly and inwardly from the lip16across the sound bow18to the waist20. In particular the outer surface12may extend convexly with respect to a central axis C of the bell10from the lip16across the sound bow18to the waist20in a direction away from the inner surface14. The inside surface14extends generally upwardly and inwardly from the lip16across the sound bow18to the waist20also. In particular, the inner surface14may extend convexly with respect to the central axis C from the lip16across the sound bow18to the waist20in a direction away from the outer surface12.

The outer surface12of the bell10extends generally upwardly and inwardly from the sound bow18across the waist20to the shoulder22. In particular, the outer surface12may extend concavely from the sound bow18across the waist20to the shoulder22towards the central axis C of the bell10. The inside surface14extends generally upwardly and inwardly from the sound bow18across the waist20to the shoulder22also. In particular, the inner surface14may extend concavely from the sound bow18across the waist20to the shoulder22with respect to the central axis C.

The outer surface12of the bell10extends generally upwardly and inwardly from the waist20across the shoulder22to the crown24. In particular, the outer surface12may extend concavely from the waist20across the shoulder22to the crown24with respect to the central axis C. The inside surface14extends generally upwardly and inwardly from the waist20across the shoulder22to the crown24also. In particular, the inner surface14may extend concavely from the waist20across the shoulder22to the crown24with respect to the central axis C.

The crown24, in use, may be attached to a canon (not shown), which may be, in turn, connected to a yoke (not shown) to enable the bell10to be swung and rung effectively. Alternatively, the crown may be attached to a frame in a fixed position. The outer surface12of the bell10extends generally inwardly from the shoulder22to the crown24to define a top11of the bell10. The inside surface14of the bell10also extends generally inwardly from the shoulder22to the crown24.

The lip16defines a lip diameter (LD), also referred to as the greatest diameter. The lip diameter is measured from a first point44on the lip16on the outer surface12to a second point46on the lip16on the outer surface12directly opposite the first point44.

The mouth34may have a mouth diameter (MD). The mouth diameter (MD) may be measured from a first point48on the lip16on the inner surface14to a second point50on the lip16on the inner surface14directly opposite the first point48. The lip diameter may be the same as a mouth diameter of the bell10. Alternatively the lip diameter and the mouth diameter may differ.

The shoulder22may have an external shoulder diameter (SD). The external shoulder diameter may be measured from a first point52on the outer surface12of the shoulder22to a second point54on the outer surface12of the shoulder22directly opposite the first point52.

The shoulder22may also have an internal shoulder diameter (ISD). The internal shoulder diameter may be measured from a first point56on the inner surface14of the shoulder22to a second point58on the inner surface14of the shoulder22directly opposite the first point56.

The bell10may have a total perpendicular height (TPH). The total perpendicular height may be measured by measuring the vertical distance between the top11of the bell10and a bottom13of the bell10.

The bell may have a total inner height (TIH). The total inner height (TIH) may be measured by measuring the vertical difference between the inner surface14at the crown24and the bottom13of the bell10.

The bell may have a crown height (CH). The crown height (CH) may be the difference between the total perpendicular height (TPH) and the total inner height (TIH).

The bell10is capable of producing various frequencies when it is struck. The bell10is tuned to a nominal, or strike, frequency which is the dominant frequency perceived by the human ear. The strike frequency is produced predominantly by the lip16and sound bow18of the bell10, with some minor involvement from the waist20.

The bell10produces a hum frequency which is two octaves below the strike frequency. The hum frequency is produced by the entire bell10, but is most dominant in the lip16and sound bow18.

The bell10produces a fundamental, or prime, frequency which is an octave above the hum frequency and an octave below the strike frequency. The fundamental frequency is produced predominantly by the waist12and the lip16oscillating about the top of the sound bow18.

The bell10produces a tierce frequency, which is a minor third above the fundamental frequency. The tierce frequency is produced predominantly by the lip16but there is also some minor involvement of the sound bow18.

The bell10produces a quint frequency which is a fifth above the fundamental frequency. The quint frequency is produced predominantly by the waist20of the bell10but there is also involvement of the lip16.

Bells are typically cast using a mould200in a sand bed, as shown inFIG. 37. The mould200is typically formed of two parts, an outer part210and an inner part212, made of cast iron. The inner and outer parts210,212may be housed in cast iron cases214. The mould200defines an outer surface of the bell10and an inner surface of the bell10. Molten metal is poured into the mould200and is then allowed to set. The metal used is typically an alloy of copper and tin in a ratio of approximately4:1(commonly referred to as bell metal). The present disclosure includes a mould for a bell in accordance with the present disclosure and/or a mould for a bell designed in accordance with a method of the present disclosure.

Once the bell10has been cast it is tuned to try and optimise the frequencies produced by the bell10. This is done by removing small amounts of the bell metal from the inner surface14. Small amounts of the bell metal from the outer surface12may also be removed as part of the tuning process.

The applicant has found that there are various ways in which the frequencies produced by a bell10can be altered. The applicant has also found that there are ways to make particular frequencies produced by the bell10have a greater amplitude than was previously possible. The applicant has also found that it is possible to vary the time at which a frequency has the greatest amplitude. Further the applicant has found that it is possible to vary the rate at which the amplitude of these frequencies decays—known as the growth and decay profiles. This is advantageous because the overall frequency and amplitude characteristics of the bell10can be tailored to produce a more pleasing bell frequency characteristic, or to make smaller bells sound louder whilst maintaining their sound profile.

A method of designing a bell in accordance with the disclosure will now be described. The method includes the steps of choosing a strike frequency for the bell; choosing the lip diameter for the bell based on the desired strike frequency (in millimetres); and calculating the total perpendicular height (TPH) of the bell (in millimetres) using the following formula:
TPH=0.8146*LD−26.124

This is advantageous because the use of this formula to calculate the total perpendicular height has been found to produce a bell10having more pleasing frequency characteristics than was previously possible. In particular, it has been found that the amplitude of the frequencies produced by a bell having a total perpendicular height calculated by the above formula seems to increase or “grow” before decreasing or “decaying”. This produces a more pleasing sound profile to the bell10than was previously possible.

The method may further include the step of varying the total perpendicular height of the bell10. In particular, the total perpendicular height may be varied within ±5.00%; ±4.00%; ±3.00%; ±2.00%; or ±1.00% of the total perpendicular height calculated using the formula. This is advantageous because it enables a user to optimise one or more of the frequencies produced by the bell10, such as the hum, fundamental, tierce, quint or nominal frequencies.

By optimise we mean that the frequencies may be more accurately matched to an ideal model and/or the growth and decay profile of the specific frequencies produced by the bell10to produce a desired sound profile for the bell10.

The method may further include the step of determining the crown height using the following formula:
CH=0.0807*TPH−0.0026

This may be advantageous in helping to produce a more pleasing sound profile for the strike frequency and quint frequency as the thickness of the crown24alters how the waist20oscillates when the bell10is struck.

The method may further include the step of varying the crown height of the bell10. In particular, the crown height may be varied within ±32.00%; ±29.00%; ±28.00%; ±20.00%; ±10.00%; ±5.00%; ±4.00%; or ±3.95% of the crown height determined using the formula. This is advantageous because it enables a user to optimise one or more of the frequencies produced by the bell such as the hum, strike, tierce, quint and nominal frequencies.

The bell10may have a mouth diameter (MD) which is substantially the same as the lip diameter (LD). This has been found to produce a bell having a more pleasing hum frequency sound profile which enables the other frequencies of the bell to be better heard.

The method may further include the step of varying the shoulder diameter. This is advantageous because it enables a user to further optimise one or more of the hum, fundamental, tierce, quint and nominal frequencies of the bell10.

A further method of designing a bell in accordance with the disclosure will now be described. This method may be used in conjunction with the method described above. The method includes the steps of choosing a strike frequency for the bell; choosing the lip diameter for the bell based on the desired strike frequency wherein the lip diameter is at least 250 mm; and calculating the shoulder diameter using the following formula:
SD=0.5490*LD−0.0024

The method may further include the step of varying the shoulder diameter of the bell10. In particular, the shoulder diameter may be varied within ±5.00%; ±4.75%; ±3.00%; ±2.00%; ±1.15%; ±1.00%; ±0.50%; ±0.20%; or ±0.05% of the shoulder diameter determined using the formula.

In particular, the bell10may have a shoulder diameter (SD) equal to:
SD=(0.5490*LD−0.0024)±1.00%

The bell may also have a lip diameter (LD) of at least 250 mm.

It has been found that by designing a bell using the above formula to calculate the ideal shoulder diameter a better tuning of the frequencies of the bell can be achieved.

Another method of designing a bell in accordance with the disclosure will now be described. This method may be used in conjunction with the first method described above. The method includes the steps of choosing a strike frequency for the bell; choosing the lip diameter for the bell based on the desired strike frequency; and calculating the shoulder diameter (SD) of the bell using the following formula:
SD=0.5764*LD

In particular, the lip diameter may be selected to be at most 250 mm.

The method may further include the step of varying the shoulder diameter of the bell10. In particular, the shoulder diameter may be varied within ±5.00%; ±4.75%; ±3.00%; ±2.00%; ±1.15%; ±1.00%; ±0.50%; ±0.20%; or ±0.05% of the shoulder diameter determined using the formula.

The method may include the step of selecting a thickness of the waist, measured from an outside surface12of the bell10to an inside surface14of the bell10in a direction generally perpendicular to the central axis C of the bell, to be less than a thickness of the shoulder measured in the same way.

The bell10may have a shoulder diameter (SD) equal to:
SD=(0.5764*LD)±5.00%

By providing a shoulder diameter on a bell using the above formula the frequencies produced by the bell may be better tuned. This is, in particular, because more metal can be introduced into the top of the bell which improves the oscillation modes of the bell, and in particular the shoulder and waist of the bell. Providing a shoulder diameter on a bell using the above formula may also improve the ability to successfully tune the hum, fundamental, tierce, quint and nominal frequencies of the bell10. The introduction of more metal to the top of the bell also improves the amplitude characteristics of the individual frequencies within the bell and enables a user to control when the particular frequencies will “grow” and “decay” when the bell is struck.

A second embodiment of a bell in accordance with the disclosure will now be described with reference toFIG. 13. Like referenced numerals are the same as forFIG. 1with the addition of100.FIG. 13shows a bell110having the same features as described for bell10. A portion136of the inside surface114generally adjacent the shoulder122has a first end138at or near the crown124; a second end140at or near the waist120and a point of inflection or a midpoint142generally in-between the first and second ends138,140. As the portion136extends away from the first end138towards the point of inflection or midpoint142the portion136extends away from the crown124more than it extends towards the outside surface112. Also as the portion136of the inside surface114extends towards the second end140from the point of inflection or midpoint142the portion136extends towards the outside surface112more than it extends away from the crown124.

The inside surface114having the above described profile is advantageous. In particular, the above profile enables more metal to be introduced at the shoulder122of the bell110. This has been found to improve the oscillation modes of the bell, and in particular the oscillation modes at the shoulder and waist of the bell. The introduction of more metal to the top of the bell also improves the amplitude characteristics of the individual frequencies within the bell and enables a user to control the growth and decay profiles of the frequencies produced by the bell110.

The bell110described above may also incorporate any of the features described above.

In the present embodiment the point of inflection or midpoint142may be positioned substantially halfway between the first and second ends138,140. In particular, the portion136between the first end138and the point of inflection or midpoint142may extend curvilinearly away from the first end138inwardly away from the outside surface112. Further, the portion136between the point of inflection or midpoint142and the second end140may extend curvilinearly away from the point of inflection or midpoint142inwardly away from the outside surface112. Alternatively, the portion136between the first end138and the point of inflection or midpoint142may extend linearly away from the first end138. The portion136may also between the point of inflection or midpoint142and the second end140extend linearly away from the point of inflection or midpoint142, in an alternative embodiment.

The point of inflection or midpoint142may form a convex inside surface114. The inside surface may be convex about the point of inflection or midpoint142. Including such shape features can be used to control the fundamental frequency to provide a particularly pleasant sounding bell.

A thickness of the shoulder124, measured on a horizontal axis from the outside surface112to the inside surface114in a direction generally perpendicular to the central axis C of the bell110, may be at least: 10%; 12%; 14%; 16%; 18%; 20%; 22%; or 24% of the shoulder diameter; and/or at most: 30%; 28%; 26%; or 24% of the shoulder diameter.

In bells having the portion136it has been found that it can be additionally advantageous for the shoulder diameter (SD) to be equal to SD=0.55*LD ±5% (measurements in mm). In particular, including such amounts of metal in such shapes can control the fundamental frequency to provide a particularly pleasant sounding bell.

In bells having the portion136it has also been found that it can be additionally advantageous for a thickness of the shoulder, measured on a horizontal axis from the outside surface to a central axis of the bell passing through the point of inflection to be at least 10% of the shoulder diameter. The thickness may alternatively be at least 12%; 14%; 16%; 18%; 20%; 22%; or 24% of the shoulder diameter. In particular, including such amounts of metal in such shapes can control the fundamental frequency to provide a particularly pleasant sounding bell.

Further, including amounts of metal in such shapes and thicknesses in combination with the portion136may be particularly advantageous in the production of smaller bells. For example, in bells having a lip diameter of at most: 420 mm; 400 mm; 380 mm; 250 mm; 245 mm; or 240 mm. In particular, such features can be used to control of the fundamental frequency to provide a particularly pleasant sounding small bell.

Below we provide dimensions for a first set of bells in accordance with the present disclosure:

Below we provide dimensions for a second set of bells in accordance with the disclosure:

The bells may be designed using CAD software, such as SolidWorks. A design for a bell may be stored as a CAD file. Alternatively, or in addition, a design for a bell may be stored as a PDF file.

We also provide a plurality of bells where each of the bells is in accordance with the disclosure.

A carillon1000may be made in accordance with the present disclosure, as shown inFIG. 38. The carillon may include a body1100for supporting bells therefrom. The carillon1000may include at least one bell in accordance with the present disclosure.

The carillon1000may also be made in accordance with the present disclosure by including a plurality of bells in accordance with the present disclosure.

Although certain example embodiments of the invention have been described, the scope of the appended claims is not intended to be limited solely to these embodiments. The claims are to be construed literally, purposively, and/or to encompass equivalents.