Light source stabilizer with intensity and temperature control

A light source stabilizer comprises a light emitting device, a heating element for heating the light emitting device, a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the light emitting device, a temperature control circuit for controlling the heating element by the output of the temperature sensor, a light intensity detector for detecting a light intensity of the light emitting device and a light intensity control circuit for controlling the light emitting device by the output of the light intensity detector.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
1. Field of the Invention 
The present invention relates to a light source stabilizer for stabilizing 
the output of a light source, such as a laser beam. 
2. Description of the Prior Art 
In a prior art light source stabilizer, light intensity is controlled to 
stabilize the light intensity of a laser in a recording operation. For 
example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 225,345, now U.S. Pat. No. 
4,443,695 discloses a method for detecting a back beam of a laser and 
controlling the light intensity of the laser in accordance with the 
detected back beam. 
However, in the method of detecting the back beam of the laser and feeding 
it back, the light intensity is stabilized but a wavelength of the beam 
cannot be stabilized. Accordingly, if the sensitivity of a photosensitive 
material to which the laser beam is applied changes with the wavelength, 
the density of an image formed changes even if the light intensity is 
stabilized and an image of constant density cannot be reproduced. 
Further, when an ambient temperature changes, the sensitivity of a 
photodetector changes and the light intensity of the laser changes. 
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
It is an object of the present invention to provide a light source 
stabilizer to produce a stable light beam output. 
It is another object of the present invention to provide a light source 
stabilizer which stabilizes both the light beam intensity and the light 
beam wavelength. 
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a light source 
stabilizer which carries out temperature control by simultaneously heating 
a light emitting device and a photosensing device to prevent a temperature 
drift of the photosensing device. 
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an image 
recording apparatus which can record an excellent image by using a stable 
beam. 
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a light 
source stabilizer which is simple in construction and inexpensive. 
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a highly 
safe light source stabilizer. 
Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following 
detailed description of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a beam recording apparatus which incorporates 
a light source stabilizer of the present invention. A laser beam L1 
emanated from a semiconductor laser 1 is collimated by a collimater lens 2 
into a collimated light beam L2 which impinges on a rotary polygon mirror 
deflector 3 rotated at a constant speed in a direction of an arrow F. 
A laser beam L3 deflected by the rotary polygon mirror 3 is focused by a 
focusing lens 4 onto a photosensitive drum 5 of an electrostatic recording 
apparatus. The focused spot is moved in a direction of an arrow P as the 
rotary polygon mirror 3 rotates. 
By rotating the rotary polygon mirror 3 at a high speed and rotating the 
photosensitive drum 5 at a constant speed in a predetermined direction, 
all areas of the photosensitive drum 5 can be scanned by the laser beam 
L3. 
Numeral 6 denotes a beam detector arranged externally of the recording area 
of the photosensitive drum 5. When the beam detector 6 detects the laser 
beam L3, it generates a synchronizing signal BD, which is applied to an 
information processing circuit 7, which in turn applies a record signal to 
the semiconductor laser 1 at a timing controlled by the synchronizing 
signal. 
Accordingly, the laser 1 emits the laser beam L1 which is modulated by the 
record signal. This control is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application 
Laid-Open No. 89346/1976 and hence the explanation thereof is omitted. 
Thus, the laser beam L3 modulated by the record signal impinges on to the 
photosensitive drum 5. Since the photosensitive drum 5 is uniformly 
pre-charged by a charger, not shown, an electrostatic latent image is 
formed as the laser beam L3 impinges on it, and the electrostatic latent 
image is made visible by a developer, not shown, and the developed image 
is transferred to a paper by a transfer unit, not shown, and the 
transferred image on the paper is fixed by a fixer, not shown, to form an 
image representing the record signal on the paper. The above sequence has 
been well known and the explanation thereof is omitted. 
The semiconductor laser 1 emits the laser beam (front beam) L1 forwardly as 
well as a back beam BB backwardly. This back beam BB is detected by a 
photodetector 11 to produce a detection signal representing beam 
intensity. The photodetector is preferably a photodiode. The detection 
signal is applied to a control circuit 12 to control a beam emitting 
intensity of the semiconductor laser 1. 
FIG. 2 shows a detail of a light intensity (at light power) control circuit 
contained in the control circuit 12 and the information processing circuit 
7. Numeral 13 denotes a reference level setting circuit for generating a 
reference signal of a predetermined potential, numeral 14 denotes a 
comparator circuit which compares a detection signal from a 
photo-detection circuit 11a including the photodetector 11 with the 
reference signal from the reference level setting circuit 13 and stops a 
count operation of a counter 16 when the former signal is larger than the 
latter, numeral 15 denotes an oscillator for producing a signal of a 
constant frequency, and numeral 16 denotes the counter connected to the 
oscillator 15 to count up the oscillation signal. It starts the count 
operation when a timing signal is applied from an input terminal T1 to the 
counter 16, and if the count operation is not stopped by the output of the 
comparator 14 before the count reaches a predetermined value, it produces 
an overflow signal on a signal line SC1, clears the counter, stops the 
count operation and stops the operation of the comparator 14. 
Numeral 17 denotes a D/A converter for converting the count in the counter 
16 to an analog signal, numeral 18 denotes a current amplifier connected 
to the D/A converter 17 for amplifying the analog signal, and numeral 19 
denotes a switching circuit which is turned on and off by the record 
signal applied to an input terminal T2. In the present embodiment, when a 
digital "1" signal is applied to the terminal T2 to turn on the switching 
circuit 19, a current is supplied to the semiconductor laser 1 through a 
signal line SL1, and when a digital "0" signal is applied to the terminal 
T2 to turn off the switching circuit 19, no current is supplied to the 
semiconductor laser 1. 
The operation of the beam recording apparatus will now be explained. When 
the timing signal is applied to the input terminal T1 (for example, the 
timing signal is generated in an idling time between the end of recording 
of one page of image by the beam recording apparatus and the beginning of 
recording of the next one page of image, the switching circuit 19 is 
turned on and the counter 16 is cleared, and then the count operation is 
started. 
As the counter 16 counts up, the count Na is incremented and the current on 
the signal line SL1 increases accordingly. As a result, the intensity of 
the beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 gradually increases. The 
count operation continues until the detection signal exceeds the reference 
signal. 
Assuming that the detection signal exceeds the reference signal when the 
count of the counter 16 reaches Na, the count operation is stopped by the 
output of the comparator 14, and the counter 16 holds the count Na until 
the next timing signal is applied, and the on-state of the switching 
circuit 19 is cleared. 
As a result, a current Ia corresponding to the count Na is produced on the 
signal line SL1, and when the record signal is applied to the input 
terminal T2, the semiconductor laser 1 is driven by the current Ia. 
If the comparator 14 does not produce the counter stop signal when the 
count of the counter 16 reaches Na, by a failure in the photodetection 
circuit 11a, the counter 16 produces the overflow signal on the signal 
line SC1 to stop the operation of the comparator 14 and clear the counter 
16 to the initial count N1. Accordingly, if the current on the signal line 
SL1 increases so much that the semiconductor laser 1 is driven to the 
point of almost being damaged the drive current is decreased to prevent 
damage to the semiconductor laser 1. 
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment, in which the oscillator 15, the counter 16 
and the D/A converter 17 of FIG. 2 are replaced by a ramp voltage 
generator 20 which generates a voltage increasing with time. The 
generation of the ramp voltage is started by the application of the timing 
signal to the input terminal T1 and the output level is held when the 
output of the compare circuit 14 is produced. The operations of other 
circuits are identical to the embodiment of FIG. 2 and the like circuits 
to those of FIG. 2 are designated by the like numerals. 
In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the timing signal is generated 
after the end of recording of one page of image on the photosensitive drum 
5 by the laser beam L1 and before the start of recording of the next page, 
and the recording of the next page is started after the light intensity 
control. Alternatively, the timing signal may be generated after the laser 
beam L1 has arrived at the beam detector 6 and before the laser beam 
arrives at a left end WS of a transfer region (WS-WT) on the 
photosensitive drum 5, and the light intensity control may be completed 
before the beam arrives at the left end WS. 
In the above embodiments, the back beam BB of the semiconductor laser 1 is 
utilized as the input light to the photodetection circuit 12. 
Alternatively, a portion of the front beam may be used or the front beam 
L1 may be introduced to the photodetection circuit by using the optical 
system only during the light intensity control. 
The temperature compensation circuit 24 shown in FIG. 1 is now explained. 
As shown in FIG. 1, the semiconductor laser 1 and the photodetection 11 
are mounted on a base 21 of a high thermal conductivity. The base 21 may 
be a metal plate of aluminum or copper. A heating element 22 is attached 
in contact to the base 21, and a temperature sensor 23 is attached in 
contact to the base 21. The temperature sensor 23 may be a thermistor or a 
thermocouple. In order to exactly detect the temperature of the 
semiconductor laser, it is preferable to attach the temperature sensor 
closely to the semiconductor laser. The heating element may be a nichrome 
heater insulated by silicone rubber or mica. 
The temperature control circuit 24 functions to change a current to the 
heating element 22 in accordance with the output of the temperature sensor 
23. An embodiment of the circuit 24 is shown in FIG. 4, in which numerals 
25 and 26 denote input terminals for connecting the temperature sensor 23 
to the circuit 24, numeral 27 denotes a resistor for supplying a voltage 
Vcc to the temperature sensor 23, numerals 28 and 29 denote a voltage 
dividing resistor for setting a reference voltage, numeral 30 denotes an 
operational amplifier, numeral 31 denotes a feedback resistor of the 
operational amplifier 30, numeral 32 denotes a phase current limiting 
resistor, numeral 33 denotes a current amplifying transistor connected to 
the power supply Vcc, which receives an output of the operational 
amplifier 30 through the resistor 32, and numerals 34 and 35 denote output 
terminals for connecting the heating element 22 to the transistor 33 and 
ground, respectively. 
When the temperature of the base 21 is low, the resistance of the 
temperature sensor 23 is high and the potential at the input terminal 25 
is high. If this voltage is higher than the reference voltage determined 
by the voltage dividing resistors 28 and 29, the opoerational amplifier 30 
functions to increase the collector current of the transistor 33. As a 
result, the current to the heater 22 increases and the temperature of the 
base 21 rises. On the other hand, when the temperature of the base 21 is 
high, the collector current is low. In this manner, the temperature of the 
base 21 is kept constant. Accordingly, in the light intensity control, the 
variation of the sensitivity due to the change of the temperature of the 
photodetector is prevented and the light intensity is stabilized. The 
variation of the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting 
device is also prevented. Accordingly, a stable image density is assured 
irrespective of the variation of the wavelength-sensitivity characteristic 
of the photodetector. The constant temperature of the base 21 is referred 
to as a control temperature. The control temperature is determined by the 
voltage dividing resistors 28 and 29. Since the semiconductor laser is 
weak to the heat, the control temperature is set to be approximately equal 
to the highest ambient temperature (e.g. 45.degree. C.). The highest 
ambient temperature is defined as a highest ambient temperature of the 
device which contains the semiconductor laser. 
It may be possible to heat and cool the laser by a single device by using a 
Peltier effect device. However, the Peltier effect device is expensive and 
the direction of current to the Peltier effect device must be switched to 
attain heating and cooling and the control therefor is complex. In present 
invention, only the heating is needed and an inexpensive heater can be 
used and a simple drive circuit can be used. Accordingly, an inexpensive 
stabilizer is provided. 
As described hereinabove, by simultaneously controlling the temperatures of 
the light emitting device and the photodetector mounted on the same base 
to the highest ambient temperature and controlling to light intensity, the 
light intensity and the wavelength of the light emitting device are 
stabilized with inexpensive construction. 
In another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, the 
resistor 29 of FIG. 4 is replaced by a potentiometer 29' so that a service 
man adjusts the resistance to adjust the control temperature depending on 
a region in which the apparatus is used. When the apparatus is used in a 
cold climate region, the control temperature may be set lower so that the 
semiconductor laser and the photodetector reach the control temperature 
faster. Thus, the apparatus can be brought to a ready status in a short 
time. 
When the control temperature is adjusted, the light intensity may also be 
adjusted. It may be done by linking the reference level setting circuit 13 
of FIG. 2 to the potentiometer 29 so that the reference signal is adjusted 
as the resistance of the potentiometer is adjusted. 
Since the sensitivity of the photosensitive drum usually changes with 
temperature, a stable image is produced by adjusting the light intensity 
together with the control temperature, depending on the region. 
In the above embodiments, it is preferable to effect the light intensity 
control after the semiconductor laser and the photodetector have reached 
the control temperature because, in the apparatus in which the light 
intensity is adjusted in the idling time between the end of recording of 
one page of image and the start of recording of next page, if the light 
intensity is adjusted before the semiconductor laser and the photodetector 
reach the control temperature, the temperature of the semiconductor laser 
may change during the recording of one page of image and the light 
intensity may also change, which results in the change in the image 
density. 
The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments but 
many variations thereof may be made within a scope of the appended claims.